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Dyan Cannon

Dyan Cannon American actress and filmmaker Dyan Cannon (born Samille Diane Friesen, January 4, 1937) is an American actress, filmmaker and editor. Her accolades include a Saturn Award, a Golden Globe Award, three Academy Award nominations and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She was named Female Star of the Year by the National Association of Theatre Owners in 1973 and the Hollywood Women's Press Club in 1979. A former beauty queen who held the title of Miss West Seattle, Cannon made her television debut in 1958. Over the next decade, she became a common sight on episodic shows while appearing occasionally on Broadway and in B-movies. In 1969, she had her breakthrough film role in the sex comedy "Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice", for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Cannon was nominated in that category again for "Heaven Can Wait" (1978), earning her a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture, and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama for her lead role in "Such Good Friends" (1971). She also was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film as the producer of "Number One" (1976). Other films in which Cannon has performed include "The Love Machine" (1971), "Shamus" (1973), "The Last of Sheila" (1973), "Child Under a Leaf" (1974), "Revenge of the Pink Panther" (1978), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), "Coast to Coast" (1980), "Deathtrap" (1982), "Author! Author!" (1982), "Caddyshack II" (1988), "8 Heads in a Duffel Bag" (1997), "Out to Sea" (1997), and "Boynton Beach Club" (2005). Cannon made her feature directorial debut with 1990's semi-autobiographical drama "The End of Innocence", which she also wrote and starred in. From 1997 to 2000 she played a recurring role on the legal series "Ally McBeal". Before her career took off, Cannon was married to Cary Grant for three years and gave birth to his only child, daughter Jennifer. Reluctant to discuss the marriage since their 1968 divorce, Cannon turned down publishing deals following Grant's death in 1986. Her memoir "Dear Cary" (2011) became a New York Times Best Seller. In 2023, the book was adapted into a miniseries for ITV called "Archie" with Cannon executive producing. Early life. Cannon was born Samille Diane Friesen in Tacoma, Washington, on January 4, 1937, the daughter of housewife Claire ("née" Portnoy) and life insurance salesman Ben Friesen. She was raised in the Jewish faith of her mother, who was an immigrant from Ukraine; her father was Anabaptist of Canadian Mennonite ancestry. Her younger brother is jazz musician David Friesen. Cannon attended West Seattle High School and was crowned Miss West Seattle in 1954. She spent two-and-a-half years at the University of Washington. In 1957, Cannon dropped out of college and went to live with her aunt Sally in Phoenix, Arizona, where she took a job at Merrill Lynch & Co. Courted by a traveling businessman, she got engaged and followed her fiancé to Los Angeles. They soon parted, but she decided to stay in the area and enroll at UCLA. A part-time modeling job led to an interview with producer Jerry Wald, who suggested she change her last name to Cannon. She signed to MGM, doing promotional work for the film "Les Girls", and studied with acting teacher Sanford Meisner. Career. Cannon made her film debut in 1960 in "The Rise and Fall of Legs Diamond"; she had appeared on television since the late 1950s, including a guest appearance on "Bat Masterson" as Mary Lowery in the 1959 episode "Lady Luck" and again in a 1961 episode as Diane Jansen in "The Price of Paradise". She appeared in 1959 on CBS's "", in episode 52, "Vanishing Act", as Nicole McCready. About this time, she was on the CBS western "Johnny Ringo", starring Don Durant, and on Jack Lord's western "Stoney Burke" on ABC. She also appeared on "Hawaiian Eye", using her name Diane Cannon, in 1961, opposite Tracey Steele, Robert Conrad, and Connie Stevens. In 1962, Cannon appeared on Broadway with Jane Fonda and Bradford Dillman in "The Fun Couple". Next came the national touring company of the musical "How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying", in which she played Rosemary. In 1964 she guest starred on "Gunsmoke", playing "Ivy Norton", an abused daughter looking to marry the man she loves in the episode "Aunt Thede" (S10E13). She portrayed Mona Elliott in the episode "The Man Behind the Man" of the 1964 CBS drama series "The Reporter". She also made guest appearances on "77 Sunset Strip", "The Untouchables", the 1960 episode "Sheriff of the Town" of the first-run syndicated western series "Two Faces West" with Walter Coy as Cauter and the 1962 "Ripcord" episode "The Helicopter Race" as Ripcord Inc.'s secretary and receptionist Marion Hines. She had another role in the movie "The Murder Game" (1965), then took four years off. Cannon's first major film role came in 1969's "Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice", which earned her Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations. In 1971 she starred in four films: "The Love Machine", from the novel by Jacqueline Susann; "The Anderson Tapes" with Sean Connery and Christopher Walken; "The Burglars" with Jean-Paul Belmondo and Omar Sharif; and Otto Preminger's "Such Good Friends", for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress. Her name was used to market a fifth release that year, "Doctors' Wives", in which she had top billing despite only making a cameo appearance. In 1973, Cannon starred opposite Burt Reynolds in "Shamus" and played an agent based on Sue Mengers in "The Last of Sheila", and was named Female Star of the Year by the National Association of Theatre Owners. In 1974, she gave a critically acclaimed performance in "Child Under a Leaf" and starred in the made-for-TV movie "Virginia Hill" with Harvey Keitel. Following this she took a four-year absence from acting in feature films. Cannon starred in her own musical stage act at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas and Harrah's Lake Tahoe during the mid-1970s. She then enrolled in the Women's Directing Workshop of the American Film Institute. She became the first Oscar-nominated actress to be nominated in the Best Short Film, Live Action Category for "Number One" (1976), a project which Cannon produced, directed, wrote and edited. It was a story about adolescent sexual curiosity. In 1978, Cannon co-starred in "Revenge of the Pink Panther". That same year, she appeared in "Heaven Can Wait", for which she received another Oscar nomination and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 1976, she hosted "Saturday Night Live" during its first season and she guest starred in the fourth season of "The Muppet Show" in 1979. She co-starred with then-boyfriend Armand Assante in the TV movie "Lady of the House" (1978), a dramatization of the life of Sally Stanford. In the early 1980s, Cannon, who is also a singer/songwriter, appeared in "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980) with Willie Nelson, "Coast to Coast" (1980) with Robert Blake, "Author! Author!" (1982) with Al Pacino, and Sidney Lumet's "Deathtrap" (1982) with Michael Caine and Christopher Reeve. She starred in the TV movie "Having It All" (1982) as well as a miniseries, "Master of the Game" (1984), then had the title role in "Jenny's War" (1985). After making "Rock 'n' Roll Mom" (1988) for Disney, she appeared with an ensemble cast in "Caddyshack II" (1988). In addition, she co-wrote the title track for Chaka Khan's album, "The Woman I Am", with Brenda Russell. For her contributions to the film industry, Cannon was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1983 with a motion pictures star located at 6608 Hollywood Boulevard. Cannon wrote, directed, and starred in the semi-autobiographical film "The End of Innocence" (1990). She subsequently appeared opposite Phylicia Rashad in "Jailbirds" (1991) and Kris Kristofferson and Tony Curtis in "Christmas in Connecticut" (1992), the latter of which was directed by Arnold Schwarzenegger, before reuniting with "Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice" director Paul Mazursky for "The Pickle" (1993), alongside Danny Aiello. Cannon had guest roles on the popular television shows "" and "The Practice", as well as being a semi-regular on "Ally McBeal". In 1997 she could be seen in three major studio film releases: "8 Heads in a Duffel Bag" with Joe Pesci; a remake of "That Darn Cat"; and "Out to Sea" with Walter Matthau and Jack Lemmon. Also that year, she worked with Sarah Michelle Gellar in the TV movie "Beverly Hills Family Robinson". In 2001 and 2002, she had a regular part in the TV series "Three Sisters". In 2005, she appeared in "Boynton Beach Club", a movie about aging Floridians who have just lost their spouses; Cannon's real-life ex Michael Nouri played her love interest. Her later roles included "A Kiss at Midnight" (2008) for Hallmark and the unaired pilot "Women Without Men" (2010) with Lorraine Bracco and Penny Marshall. She wrote and directed another short, "Unleashed" (2010). After a hiatus from the screen, she acted in the equestrian themed family film "Hope's Legacy" (2021). Cannon published a memoir, "Dear Cary: My Life with Cary Grant", in October 2011. She had previously been approached by Swifty Lazar to write about her late ex-husband in 1986, turning down "millions," and declined another publishing offer some years later from Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, stating that there was still healing that needed to happen. Cannon serves as executive producer of a four-part miniseries based on her book, entitled "Archie", which premiered in 2023 and stars Jason Isaacs as Grant and Laura Aikman as Cannon. Personal life. In 1961, Cannon began dating actor Cary Grant, who was 33 years her senior. They married on July 22, 1965, and had one daughter, Jennifer. Cannon filed for divorce in September 1967, and it was finalized on March 21, 1968. Cannon married a second time on April 18, 1985, to real estate investor Stanley Fimberg. They divorced in 1991. Cannon has also been in relationships with comedian Mort Sahl, producer Murray Shostak, talent agent Ron Weisner and sculptor Carl Hartman, as well as directors Hal Ashby and Jerry Schatzberg, and actors Armand Assante, Hy Chase, Ron Ely and Michael Nouri. She remains friendly with Nouri and accompanied him to a premiere nearly 40 years after their breakup. Cannon has often collaborated with her significant others on film and TV projects. Shostak and Fimberg produced her starring vehicles "Child Under a Leaf" and "The End of Innocence" respectively; Schatzberg directed her in "Honeysuckle Rose"; Assante and Nouri were her leading men in "Lady of the House" and "Boynton Beach Club" respectively; and she guest-starred on Ely's series "The Aquanauts". In 1972, Cannon revealed that she engaged in primal therapy. She is a fan of the Los Angeles Lakers and has attended Lakers games for several decades. She is a born-again Christian. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

diane kaaman diane kenon (jonmonam samil diane frycen, 4 january, 1937) egoraki aamerikan obhinetri, solositro nirmata aaru xompadok. teur proxongxar bhitorot aase etaa settern botaa, etaa golden globe botaa, tinita academy botaa monunoyon aaru hollywod waak owo femor etaa taroka. 1973 sonot theater malikxokolor rastriyo xongstha aaru 1979 sonot hollywod mohila press clubber dwara teuk bosoror mohila taroka hisape monunit koraa hoisil. miss west chittle upadhi laabh koraa egoraki prakton xoundorjyo rani, kenone 1958 sonot televisionot aatmoprokax korisil. poroborti doxokot, maaje maaje broadway aaru bi-solositrot dekha puwar xomoyot teu epixodic swo 'too ek xadharon drishyo hoi porisil. 1969 sonot, teu jouno koutuk "bobo endo kerol endo ted endo elais" too teur xofolotapurno solositro soritrot obhinoy korisil, jaar baabe teu shrestho xohayok obhinetrir baabe academy botar baabe monunit hoisil. sworgo opekhya koribo paare" (1978) ror baabe punor xei shrenit kaaman monunit hoisil, jiye teuk shrestho xohayok obhinetri-solsitroror baabe xunali globe botaa orjon korisil, aaru "ene bhaal bondhu" (1971) too teur mukhyo bhumikar baabe shrestho obhinetri-solsitro natokor baabe xunali globe botar baabe monunit hoisil. nombor waan" (1976) ror projujok hisape shrestho live ekshyon suti solositror baabe academy botar babeu monunit hoisil, jaar folot teu kemerar xonmukhot aaru pisfale oskar monunoyon laabh koraa prothom goraki mohila hisape porigonito hoisil. kamane poriwexon koraa aan sobixomuhor bhitorot aase "dyo laabh machin" (1971), "swamas" (1973), "dyo lust owo swila" (1973), "siled owaar e liff" (1974), "revenge owo dyo pink penthar" (1978), "honisakel ruj" (1980), "coust tu coust" (1980), "dethtrap" (1982), "lekhok! lekhok!"(1982)," "kediswek II" "(1988)," "8 heads inn e doffel begg" "(1997)," "out tu chi" "(1997), aaru" "boyonton bischo club" "(2005). kamane 1990 sonor ordho-atmojibonimulok naatok "dyo endo owo ephenesi" ror joriyote teur kahini porisalonar aatmoprokax korisil, zo "too teu likhisil aaru obhinoy korisil. 1997 sonor poraa 2000 sonoloike teu aainee sringkhola "elai mcbeal" too ek baare baare huwa bhumika paalon korisil. teur keriyar aarombho huwar aagote, kaaman tini bosoror baabe keree grantor xoite bibahpaxot aabodho hoisil aaru teur ekmatro xontan, jenifer naamor konyar jonmo disil. 1968 sonot teulukor bibah bischedor pisot bibahor bixoye alusona koriboloi onischuk hoi, 1986 sonot onudanor mrityur pisot kaaman prokax koraa suktixomuh nakoch korisil. teur smoron "diyar keree" (2011) nework timesor shrestho bikreta hoi porisil. 2022 sonot ghuxona koraa hoisil je ei kitapkhon kaaman karzobahi utpadonor xoite iyar baabe etaa minisirijot obhijujit koraa hoh 'bob. prarombhik jiwan. kamanor jonmo hoisil 1937 sonor 4 januaryt waswingtonor takumat, grihini clair ("nee" poo 'rtonoy) aaru jiwan beema bikreta benn frycenor konya samil diane frycen. teur exkenaji ihudi matrir ihudi biswaxot dangor hoisil, ji ukrainor poraa probrojonkari aasil; teur pitri kanadian mannite bongxodhor aasil. teur xoru bhatri hoise jez xongitogyo david frycen. kamane west ciatel haiskulot porha-xuna korisil aaru 1954 sonot miss west sietole mukut pindhisil. teu waswington biswobidyaloyot aarhoi bosor otibahito korisil. 1957 sonot, kaaman collegeor poraa ulai goisil aaru teur khuri selir xoite phoenix, aarijunat thakiboloi goisil, zo 'too teu maryl linch endo ku-too sakori loisil. egoraki bhromonkari byowoxayir dwara premot poraa taai bagdan korisil aaru lo 'cho angelsoloi nijor bagdottar pisot goisil. teuluke xunkalei bisched hoy, kintu taai oncholtut thakiboloi aaru eu. chi. el. e. too naam bhorti korar xiddhanto loy. etaa ongxokalin modelingor sakorir folot projujok jeree waldor xoite etaa xakhyatkar hoisil, jiye teuk nijor xex naamtu kamanoloi xoloni korar poramorxo disil. lex garls" sobikhonor prosaror kaam kori teu em. ji. em.-too swakhyor korisil aaru obhinoy xikhyok sunford meijonoror xoite odhyoyon korisil. keriyar. 1960 sonot "dyo raiz endo foll owo leg diamond" too kamane teur solositro aatmoprokax korisil; 1950-ror doxokor xexor poraa teu televisionot dekha goisil, jaar bhitorot 1959 sonor khondo "leady lok" too meree lo 'ree hisape "bett masteron" too otithi uposthiti aaru 1961 sonor khondotut "dyo price owo paradise" too diane jenson hisape punor obhinoy korisil. 1959 sonot teu chi. bi. ess.-ror "52 nong khondot", "veniswing act", nikul mccready hisape uposthito hoisil. ei xomoyot teu donn durent obhineet chi. bi. ess. western "johnny ring" too aasil, aaru e. bi. chi.-too jek lordsor western "stony bark" too aasil. 1961 sonot teur naam diane kenon byobohar kori "hawaiyan aai" too dekha goisil, tracy steel, robert conrad aaru koo 'nee stevensor biporite. 1962 sonot, "dyo faan kopol" too zen fonda aaru breadford dilmanor xoite broadway 'too kaaman dekha goisil. iyar pisot xongitor rastriyo bhromon company aahisil "kenekoi prokritote chesta nokorakoi byowoxayot xofol hoh 'bob paari", zo' too teu ror 'jomeri bojaisil. 1964 sonot teu "ganmuk" too otithi hisape obhinoy korisil, "iv norton" hisape obhinoy korisil, ji hoise "aanti thede" thede" khondot taai bhaal puwa puruxjonok biyaa koriboloi bisora egoraki otyasari konya. 1964 sonor chi. bi. ess. naatok sringkhola "dyo rip" rtar "ror" dyo menn behind dyo menn "khondot teu munaa eliotor soritrot obhinoy korisil. teu "77 suntesan strip", "osprisyo", 1960 sonor prothom-salit sindicated western sirijor "tu face west" ror "swerif owo dyo taaun" too otithi hisape uposthito hoisil zo "too walter koyok koo" taar hisape aaru 1962 sonor "ripcard" khondotu "dyo helicopter res" ripcard inok hisape.'xosibo aaru obhyorthonakari marione heins. dyo marder game" (1965) sobikhonot teur aan etaa bhumika aasil, taar pisot chaari bosor bondho korisil. 1969 sonor "bobo endo kerol endo ted endo elais" too kamanor prothom mukhyo solositro bhumika aahisil, jiye teur academy botaa aaru golden globe monunoyon laabh korisil. 1971 sonot teu sarita sobit obhinoy korisiloh jaqueline susanor uponyaxor "dyo laabh machin"; chenn kuneri aaru christopher wakenor xoite "dyo enderson tape"; jinn-poll belmondu aaru umor sworifor xoite "dyo rogars"; aaru oh "tu priminjaror" ene bhaal bondhu ", jaar baabe teu shrestho obhinetrir baabe xunali globe monunoyon laabh korisil. xei bosor "sikitsokor potni" naamor ponchomkhon sobir bojar koriboloi teur naamtu byobohar koraa hoisil, zo "too teu kewol ek otikhyudro uposthitir swotweu xirxo billing korisil. 1973 sonot, kamane "swamas" too bart reinoldsor biporite obhinoy korisil aaru "dyo lust owo sweila" too su menjaror uporot aadharito egoraki agentor soritrot obhinoy korisil, aaru theater malikxokolor rastriyo xongsthai teuk bosoror mohila taroka hisape namakoron korisil. 1974 sonot, teu "siled under e liff" too xomalusokor dwara proxongxito obhinoy korisil aaru harbhe keitelor xoite televisionor baabe nirmito solositro "virginia hill" too obhinoy korisil. iyar pisot teu solositrot obhinoy korar poraa chaari bosoror onuposthiti loisil. 1970-ror doxokor majbhagot laas bhegasor sijaror praxad aaru harahor lek taahu-too teur nijor xongit monchor obhinoyot kaam korisil. taar pisot teu aamerikan film institutor mohila porisalona kormoxalat naam bhorti korisil. teu "nombor waan" (1976) ror baabe shrestho suti solositro, live ekshyon shrenit monunit huwa prothom oskar-monunit obhinetri hoi porisil, jitu etaa prokolpo jaar kaaman projujona, porisalona, rosona aaru xompadona koraa hoisil. eitu kixur-kixurir jouno koutuholor kahini aasil. 1978 sonot, kamane "gulapi sitabaghor protixudh" too xoho-obhinoy korisil. xei bosorote, teu "sworgo opekhya koribo paare" too obhinoy korisil, jaar baabe teu aan etaa oskar monunoyon laabh korisil aaru shrestho xohayok obhinetrir baabe xunali globe botaa laabh korisil. 1976 sonot teu iyar prothom sijonor xomoyot "setterede night live" ror aayujon korisil aaru 1979 sonot "dyo mopet swo" ror soturtho sijonot otithi hisape obhinoy korisil. teu tibhi chinema "leady owo dyo house" (1978) too tetiyar premik armand accentor xoite xoho-obhinoy korisil, ji hoise cheli stanfordor jiwanor ek natokiyota. 1980-ror doxokor aarombhonite, gayok/gitikar huwa kaaman, willy nelsonor xoite "honisakel ror 'jo" (1980), "coust tu coust" (1980) ror robert blackor xoite, "lekhok! lekhok!"(1982) aal pesinur xoite, aaru sidney lumetor" "dethtrap" "(1982) michael kein aaru christopher ribhor xoite. teu "having itt ol" (1982) naamor television solositror logote "master owo dyo game" (1984) naamor etaa minisirijot obhinoy korisil, taar pisot "jeni 'jo waar" (1985) too xirxok bhumika paalon korisil. dijoneer baabe "rok 'eno' rul moo 'moo" (1988) nirman korar pisot, teu "kedixek II" (1988) too obhinoy koraa ek dolor xoite uposthito hoisil. iyar uporiu, teu brenda raselor xoite chaaka khaanor elbam "dyo women aai em" ror xirxok gittu xoho-likhisil. solositro udyugot teur obodanor baabe, 1983 sonot 6608 hollywod bullevardot owosthito muxon pikchar staror xoite hoh 'loud waak owo femot kaaman ontorbhukto koraa hoisil. kamane "dyo endo owo ephenesines" (1990) naamor aadha-atmojibonimulok solositrokhonot likhisil, porisalona korisil aaru obhinoy korisil. poroborti xomoyot teu "gelbirds" (1991) too philicia raswador biporite aaru "christomas inn connecticut" (1992) too crich christ "farson aaru tonny cartisor biporite obhinoy korisil, jaar pisortu arnold swarjenegaror dwara porisalito hoisil," bobo endo kerol endo ted endo elix "ror porisalok poll majarskir xoite punor milito huwar aagote" dyo pickel "(1993), danny aiyelur xoite. jonopriyo television swo 'aaru' dyo practix 'too kamanor otithi bhumika aasil, logote "elai mcbeal" too ordho-niyomito aasil. 1997 sonot teuk tinita prodhan studio 'solositro mukti puwat dekha goisiloh ju pesir xoite "8 heads inn e doffel begg"; "dyat daarn kett" ror punor nirman; aaru walter myathou aaru jek lem' nor xoite "out tu chi". xei bosorote, teu sarah michael gellaror xoite "beverley hills poriyal robinson" naamor tibhi sobikhonot kaam korisil. 2001 aaru 2002 sonot teu "tini bhogni" naamor tibhi dharabahikot niyomiyabhabe ongxo loisil. 2005 sonot, teu "boyton bischo club" too obhinoy korisil, ji hoise briddho fluoridianxokolor bixoye ekhon solositro ji eimatro teulukor swami-potni heruwaise; kamanor prokrito jiwanor prakton michael noo 'riye teur premor aagrohor bhumika paalon korisil. teur poroborti bhumikaxomuhor bhitorot aasil "modhyoratrito sumbon" (2008) holmarkor baabe aaru lo 'rain breku aaru peni marswelor xoite "puruxbihin mohila" (2010) naamor aird pilot. teu aan etaa suti sobi likhisil aaru porisalona korisil, "unlised" (2010). pordar poraa kichu xomoyor birotir pisot, teu oswaruhir bixoybostur poriyalor solositro "hops legesi" (2021) too obhinoy korisil. 2011 sonor octobor maahot kamane "dia kerih maai life uith keree grant" naamor ek smoron prokax korisil. iyar purbe 1986 sonot swifty lajare teur prakton swamir bixoye likhiboloi jugajug korisil, "million" koo nakoch korisil, aaru kichu bosoror pisot jacqueline kenedi onsisor poraa aan etaa prokaxkoronor prostab oswikar korisil, zo "too kuwa hoisil je etiyau aarugyor proyujon aase. kamane teur kitapor uporot aadharito "aarchi" xirxok sarita ongxor minisirijor karzobahi projujok hisape kaam kore, ji 2022 sonor aagosto maahot projujona aarombho korisil aaru iyat xomprosar koraa hoh 'bob. byoktigoto jiwan. 1961 sonot, kamane obhineta keree grantor xoite dating aarombho korisil, ji teur poraa 33 bosor jyestho aasil. 1965 sonor 22 julyte teulukor bibah hoisil aaru teulukor jenifer naamor egoraki konya aasil. 1967 sonor septembor maahot bibah bischedor baabe kaaman daakhil koraa hoisil aaru 1968 sonor 21 marchot iyak suranto koraa hoisil. 1985 sonor 18 aprilot real istet biniyugkari stanly fimbergor xoite kamane dwitiyobaror baabe bibahpaxot aabodho hoy. 1991 sonot teulukor bibah bisched hoy. 1978 sonor poraa 1979 sonoloike, kaaman aaru armand accent rajohuwa sthanot ek sthir bostu aasil. teu comedian mort sahlo, projujok mure swo 'stuck, protibha agent ronn weijonor aaru bhaskorjoxilpi carl heartmanor logote porisalok hell eswi aaru jeree skatzberg, aaru obhineta haai chaze, ronn eli aaru michael noo' rir xoiteu xomporko rakhise. taai nurir xoite bondhutwopurno hoi thaake aaru teulukor bischedor pray 40 bosoror pisot teur xoite primiyaroloi yaay. 1972 sonot, kamane prokax korisil je teu primal therapyt niyujit aasil. teu los angels lekarxokolor ejon onuragi aaru keiba doxok dhori lakers geimxomuhot ongxogrohon kori aahise. teu punor jonmogrohon koraa khristan.

diane kaman diane cannon (jonmonam samil diane frysen, 4 januari, 1937) ekjon markin abhinetri, cholochchitro nirmata ebong sompadok. taar proshongshar modhye royeche ekti sattern puraskar, ekti golden globe puraskar, tinti academy puraskar mononoyon ebong hollywood oyaka off femer ekti tarka. 1973 saale theater malikder jatiya samiti ebong 1979 saale hollywood mohila presha club dwara tini bochorer sera mohila tarka nirbachito hohn. ekjon praktan sundari runny jini miss oyesta sittle upadhi dharon korechilen, cannon 1958 saale taar television atmoprokash korechilen. poroborti doshke, tini majhe majhe broadway ebong bii-cholochchitre uposthito howar somoy episodic shote ekti sadharan drishya hoye othen. 1969 saale, tini jouno koutuk "bobb anned caroll anned teeda anned allis"-ayee taanr jugantokari cholochchitrer bhumika palon korechilen, jaar jonno tini sera parshwa abhinetrir jonno ekti academy puroskarer jonno manoneet hoyechilen. cannon abar seii bibhage "swarga apekkha korte paare" (1978)-err jonno manoneet hoyechilo, jaa taake sera parshwa abhinetri-cholochchitro-err jonno ekti golden globe puraskar orjon korechilo ebong "essot good friends" (1971)-ayee taar prodhan bhumikar jonno sera abhinetri-cholochchitro natoker jonno ekti golden globe puroskarer jonno manoneet hoyechilo. tini "eka nambar" (1976)-err projojok hisabe sera live action short filmer jonno ekti academy puroskarer jonno manoneet hoyechilen, jaa taake camera saamone ebong pichhone askar mononoyon prapto prothom mohila korey toley. anyanno cholochchitro jekhane kaman abhinoy koreche taar modhye royeche "dya laav meshina" (1971), "shamas" (1973), "dya lust off sheela" (1973), "child under aaa liff" (1974), "revenge off dya pink panther" (1978), "honeysuckel roze" (1980), "coast too coast" (1980), "dethtrap" (1982), "lekhok! lekhok!"(1982)," "cadishack 2" "(1988)," "8 heads inn ayee doffel byag" "(1997)," "out too shee" "(1997), ebong" "boynton bitch club" "(2005). 1990-err adha-attojibonimulok natok 'dya enned off amenocity' diye taanr fitcher porichalonai atmoprokash corren, jaa tini likhechilen ebong abhinoy korechilen. 1997 theke 2000 saal porjonto tini aini sirij "alai mcbill"-ayee ekti punorabrittimulok bhumika palon korechilen. taar karmajiban shuru howar agey, cannon tinn bochor dhorey carrie granter saathe bibah bondhone aboddho hoyechilo ebong taar ekmatro santan, konna jennifer jonmo diyechilo. 1968 saale taader bibahobicheder porr theke eyi bibah niye alochona korte anichchuk, 1986 saale onudaner mrityur porr cannon prokashona chukti prottakhyan korey. taar smritikatha "dier carrie" (2011) neu eork timeser sera bikreta hoye othe. 2022 saale, ghoshana koraa hoyechilo jey boiti kaman executive productioner saathe etir jonno ekti miniseriese rupantarita hobey. prathomik jeebon. kamaner jonmo 1937 saaler 4thhaa januari washingtoner takoma, grihini clyer ("nee" portnoy) ebong jeebon beema bikreta beena friesener konna hisebe. tini taar ashkenazi ihudi mayer ihudi biswase bede othen, jini ukraine theke abhibasi chhilen; taar baba kanadian menonite bongshodbhuto ekjon baptist chhilen. taar chhoto bhai jyaja sangitagya david frysen. cannon oyesta sittle hye schoole padashona korey ebong 1954 saale miss oyesta sittler mukut poraa hoy. tini washington bishwobidyaloye adai bochor katiechilen. 1957 saale, kaman college theke beriye yaay ebong taar antir saathe phoenix, arizonate thakte yaay, jekhane seey merryl linch anned koo-teey chakri korey. ekjon bhromonkari byabasayir saathe prem korar porr, tini baghdan corren ebong loss angelese taar bagdottake anusaran corren. taaraa shighroi alada hoye yaay, kintu seey elaka thucker ebong eu. shee. ell. ayee-teey naam nothibhukto korar siddhanta neyo. ekti khandakalin modeling kaajer foley projojok jerry walder saathe ekti sakkhatkar neoa hoy, jini taake taar shesh namti canone poriborton korar poramorsho diyechilen. tini emm. zii. emm-ayee swakkhar corren, "leesa garles" cholochchitrer procharmulok kaaj corren ebong abhinoy shikkhok sunford meisner saathe padashona corren. karmajiban. 1960 saale 'dya raiz anned foll off leggs diamond'-ayee cannon taar cholochchitre atmoprokash korey; tini 1950-err doshoker shesher dick theke televisione uposthito hoyechilen, jaar modhye 1959 saaler porbo 'lady luck'-ayee 'byata masters'-ayee merry lori ebong 1961 saaler ekti porbe 'dya price off paradise'-ayee diane jansen hisabe atithi uposthiti chhilo. tini 1959 saale cbs-err "inn episode 52", "vanishing act"-ayee nicole mccready hisabe uposthito hohn. eyi somoye, tini donn durant abhineet cbs western "johnny ringo" ebong abysse-teey jack lordser western "stonny bark"-ayee chhilen. 1961 saale tracy still, robbert conrad ebong coney stevenser biporite tini taanr naam diane cannon byabohar korey "hawaiyan aaee"-eoo uposthito hohn. 1962 saale, 'dya phaan dampati'-teey zena fonda ebong bradford dillmaner saathe broadwaite kaman abirbhuto hoy. erpore aase jatiya bhromon sangostha "kibhabe sottii chesta naa korey byabosai sofol hotey hoy", jekhane tini rosemary bajaten. 1964 saale tini "ganmok"-ayee atithi choritre abhinoy corren, "ivy norton" choritre abhinoy corren, jey ekjon nirjatito meye jey "unty thede" (esha10ee13) porbe taake bhalobase taake biye korte chaay. 1964 saaler cbs drama sirij 'dya reporter'-err "dya myana behind dya myana" porbe tini mona eliotke chitrito korechilen. tini "77 surjasto stripa", "asprishya", prothom porichalito syndicate western sirijer 1960 porbo "sherif off dya town"-ayee atithi uposthiti korechilen, jekhane walter koyke couter hisabe ebong 1962 saaler "repcord" porbo "helicopter reesa" repcord inock hisabe.'sachib ebong abhyarthanakari merrion heins. dya marder gema" (1965) chhobite taanr arekti bhumika chhilo, tarpor chaar bochor chhuti niyechilen. kamaner prothom prodhan cholochchitro bhumika aase 1969 saaler "bobb anned caroll anned teeda anned allis"-ayee, jaa taar academy puraskar ebong golden globe mononoyon orjon korey. 1971 saale tini charti chhobite abhinoy korenoh jaquillin susaner uponyas theke "dya laav meshina"; seane connery ebong christopher waken soho "dya anderson tapes"; zina-poll belmondo ebong omor sharifer saathe "dya bergers"; ebong otto preminger "essot good friends", jaar jonno tini sera abhinetrir jonno golden globe mononoyon peyechilen. seii bochor pancham mukti, "daktarder stree", jekhane tini cable ekti cameo uposthiti sotteo sheersho billing korechilen, taar namti bajarjat korte byabohrito hoyechilo. 1973 saale, kaman "shamus"-ayee bart reinoldser biporite abhinoy korey ebong "dya lust off sheela"-teey shoo menjarder upor vitti korey ekti agenter bhumikai abhinoy korey ebong theater malikder jatiya samiti dwara bochorer sera mohila tarka hisabe manoneet hoy. 1974 saale, tini "child under aaa liff" chhobite somalochokder dwara proshongshito abhinoy corren ebong televisioner jonno toiri cholochchitro "virginia hill"-ayee harve keiteler saathe abhinoy corren. err porey tini fitcher filme abhinoy theke chaar bochorer onuposthiti niyechilen. 1970-err doshoker majhamajhi somoye laas vegaser sijarer prasade ebong harar lake tahote taanr nijer sangeet monche kaman abhinoy korechilen. erpor tini american film instituter mohila porichalonar kormoshalai bhorti hohn. tini prothom askar manoneet abhinetri jini sera swalpodoirgho cholochchitro, live action bibhage "eka nambar" (1976)-err jonno manoneet hohn, ekti prokolpo jaa kaman prajojana, porichalona, rachona ebong sampadana korey. etty kishore jouno kautuhal somporke ekti golpo chhilo. 1978 saale, kaman "golapi panther protishodh"-ayee soho-abhinoy korey. seii ekoi bochor, tini "swarga apekkha korte paare" chhobite abhinoy corren, jaar jonno tini arekti askar mononoyon peyechilen ebong sera parshwa abhinetrir jonno ekti golden globe puraskar jitechilen. 1976 saale, tini err prothom morshume "sattereday night live" hosta korechilen ebong 1979 saale "dya moppet shoe"-err choturtho morshume atithi choritre abhinoy korechilen. tini tibhi cholochchitro "lady off dya house" (1978)-ayee tatkalin premik armand assanter saathe soho-abhinoy korechilen, jaa sally stanforder jeeboner ekti natakiyata. 1980-err doshoker godar dike, cannon, jini ekjon gayak/gitikaro, uili nelsoner saathe "honeysuckel roze" (1980), "coast too coast" (1980)-ayee robbert blaker saathe uposthito hoyechilen, "lekhok! lekhok!"(1982) all pacino ebong sidney lumeter" "dethtrap" "(1982) michael keyne ebong christopher river saathe. tini tibhi cholochchitro 'having itt oll' (1982)-err pashapashi ekti miniseries, 'muster off dya gema' (1984)-ayee abhinoy korechilen, tarpore 'jenis oyara' (1985)-ayee shironamer bhumika palon korechilen. disneyr jonno 'rock' enn 'roll momm' (1988) toiri korar porey, tini 'cadishack II' (1988)-ayee ekti dolboddho custer saathe uposthito hoyechilen. echhadao, tini brenda russeler saathe chaaka khaaner album "dya uimen aaee ayam"-err shironamer ganti soho-rachona korechilen. cholochchitro shilpe taanr abodaner jonno, canonke 1983 saale hollywood oyaka off feme antarbhukta koraa hoyechilo ebong 6608 hollywood bullevarde abosthito ekti moshana pictures stara chhilo. kaman likhechen, porichalona korechen ebong adha-attojibonimulok cholochchitro 'dya enned off amenocity' (1990)-teey abhinoy korechen. porobortikale tini 'gelbirds' (1991)-ayee philicia rashader biporite ebong 'criss christopherson ebong tonny cartis'-ayee 'chrismus inn kanekata' (1992)-ayee abhinoy corren, jaar porerti porichalona korechilen arnold shoarzenegger, 'bobb anned caroll anned teeda anned allis'-err porichalok poll mazarskyr saathe punra milit howar agey 'dya pickle' (1993)-err jonno, danny aiyelor saathe. janapriya television anusthan "ebong" anushilan "-ayee kamaner atithi bhumika chhilo, pashapashi" alai mcbill "-ayee adha-niyamita chhilo. 1997 saale taake tinti prodhan studio cholochchitro mukti petey dekha yaayah jooe peskyr saathe "8 heads inn ayee doffel byag"; "dyato darna catt"-err punarnirman; ebong walter mathau ebong jack lemon-err saathe "out too shee". seii bochori, tini saaraa mishela geller saathe tibhi cholochchitro "beverley hills family robbinson"-ayee kaaj korechilen. 2001 ebong 2002 saale, tini tibhi sirij 'thri sisters'-ayee niyamita ongsho niyechilen. 2005 saale, tini boynton saikat club-ayee uposthito hohn, ekti cholochchitro jaa boyosko floridiander somporke jaaraa sobematro taader swamider harieche; kamaner bastob jeeboner praktan michael nuri taar premer agroher bhumika palon korechilen. taar poroborti bhumikagulir modhye holmarker jonno "aaa keys ayata midnite" (2008) ebong lorren bracco ebong penny marshaler saathe "uimen uidaut meena" (2010) antarbhukta chhilo. tini arekti chhoto chhobi likhechen ebong porichalona korechen, "unleused" (2010). porda theke birotir porr, tini ashwarohi thimjukto paribarik cholochchitro "hopes legacy" (2021)-ayee abhinoy korechilen. 2011 saaler octobore cannon ekti smritikatha prakash korey, "priya carrie amar jeebon carrie onudaner saathe". err agey 1986 saale suifti lazar taar prayat praktan swami somporke lekhar jonno jogajog korechilo, "lokkho lokkho" prottakhyan korechilo ebong kichhu bochor porey jaquillin kenedi annassis theke arekti prokashonar prostab prottakhyan korechilo, eyi boley jey ekhono niramoy koraa darkar chhilo. kaman taar boi "archie"-err upor vitti korey ekti chaar-ongsher miniserieser nirbahi projojok hisabe kaaj korey, jaa august 2022 saale utpadon shuru korey ebong etite somprocharito hobey. byaktigato jeebon. 1961 saale, cannon taar theke 33 bochor borh carrie granter saathe detting shuru korey. 1965 saaler 22shhey julai taanra biye corren ebong taander jennifer naame eka konna chhilo. 1967 saaler septembore bibahobicheder jonno kaman dayer koraa hoy ebong 1968 saaler 21shhey march taa chudanta koraa hoy. 1985 saaler 18ee april cannon real esteta biniyogkari stanly fimbergke dwitiyobar biye korey. 1991 saale taader bibahobiched hoy. 1978 theke 1979 saal porjonto, kaman ebong armand assant jonosadharoner kachhe ekti sthir jinis chhilo. tini koutukavineta morto sahel, projojok murre shostaka, talent agent ronn weisner ebong bhaskar curl heartmaner pashapashi porichalok hyala ashby ebong jerry shutzberg ebong abhineta hye chez, ronn elly ebong michael naurir satheo somporko rekhechen. tini nurir saathe bondhuttopurno thaken ebong taader breakuper pray 40 bochor porey ekti premiere jonno taanr saathe chhilen. 1972 saale, kaman prakash korey jey tini prathomik chikitsai nijukto chhilen. tini loss angeles lekarder ekjon bhokto ebong koyek doshok dhorey laker gamese ongsho niyechen. tini abaro jonmogrohonkari ekjon khristan.

diane topa diane cannon (janm 4 january, 1937) aek american abhinetri, film nirmata aneey sampaadak chhe. teneena puraskaroma setaran award, golden globe award, trana academy award namankan aneey hollywood voqa off phema parr aek starno samaavesh thaay chhe. 1973maan theatre malikona raashtriy sangathan dwara aneey 1979maan hollywood maheela presa club dwara teneene varshnee maheela staar tareeke naam aapvama aavyu hatoo. miss vesta ciatalnu birud dharaavati bhutpurv beauty kween, kenane 1958maan television parr padaarpan karyoo hatoo. aagaami daykama, teey broadway aneey bii-moviesma prasangopaat dekhaati vakhate episodic shomaa saamanya drashti bunny hatee. 1969maan, teneeae seqsa komedi "boob anned kerol anned teda anned ellis" maan safal film bhoomika bhajvi hatee, jenaa maate teneene shreshth sahayak abhinetri maate academy award maate namankit karvaamaa aavee hatee. haven qena weit' (1978) maate fareethi teey shreneema topne namankit karvaamaa aavee hatee, jene teneene shreshth sahayak abhinetri-motion picture maate golden globe award melvyo hato, aneey 'aavaa saaraa mitro' (1971) maan teneeni mukhya bhoomika maate shreshth abhinetri-motion picture drama maate golden globe award maate namankit karvaamaa aavee hatee. teneene "number vana" (1976) naa nirmata tareeke shreshth jivant action tunkee film maate academy award maate pann namankit karvaamaa aavee hatee, jenaathi tenee camerani saame aneey paachhal banne jagyae oskar namankan melavnaar pratham maheela bunny hatee. anya filmo keey jemaa topa rajoo karvaamaa aavee chhe temaa "dhaa lava machine" (1971), "shamas" (1973), "dhaa laast off sheela" (1973), "child under aaa leaf" (1974), "revenge off dhaa pink panther" (1978), "honeyscal rose" (1980), "coast too coast" (1980), "dethtrape" (1982), "other!" noow samaavesh thaay chhe. lekhak!"(1982)," "cadishack II" "(1988)," "8 heeyd ina aaa duffell bagg" "(1997)," "out too see" "(1997), aneey" "boyantan beach club" "(2005)". topae 1990naa ardh-aatmakathaatmak naatak 'dhaa anned off esenesi' saathe teneeni feature digdarshanni sharuaat curry hatee, jemaa teneeae lakhyu hatoo aneey abhinay pann karyo hato. 1997 thee 2000 sudhee temane kaanuni shrenee "aelaay mcbeal" parr punraavartit bhoomika bhajvi hatee. temnee karkirdi sharoo thaay teey pahelaa, topa trana varsh maate keree grant saathe paraneli hatee aneey temnaa ekmatra baadak, putri jenniferne janm aapyo hato. 1968naa temnaa chhutachheda pachhi lagna ange charcha karvaa maate anichchha, 1986maan anudaannaa mrutyu pachhi topa dwara prakaashan sodaa nakarvama aavyaa. temnu sansmaran "dier keree" (2011) newyork times besta cellar banyu. 2022maan, jaaherat karvaamaa aavee hatee keey aaa pustakne topa kaarykaari utpaadan saathe tenaa maate laghu shreneema rupantarit karvaamaa aavashe. praarambhik jeevan. topo 4 january, 1937naa roj takoma, washingtonma janmya hataa, teo gruhinee clair ("nee" portnoy) aneey jeevan veema salesman bayne freesenni putri hatee. teneeno uchher teneeni aeshkenaazi yahudi maataana yahudi dharmamaa thayo hato, jeey ukrainethi immigrant hatee; teneena pitaa kenediyan manonite vanshnaa aek baptist hataa. teno naano bhaai jaaz sangeetkaar david freesen chhe. topa vesta ciatal haai schoolma bhanati hatee aneey 1954maan miss vesta ciatalno taaj paheravama aavyo hato. temane washington universityma dodhh varsh gaadyaa hataa. 1957maan, topa collegemathi bahaar neekali gaee aneey tenee kaakee saathe phoenix, arizonama rahevaa gaee, jyaan teneeae maryl linch anned companyma nokri curry. aek pravasi vepaari dwara premmaa mukaayeli, teneeae sagaai curry aneey losa angelsmaa teneena mangetarne anusaryaa. teo toonk samayma alag thaee gayaa, parantu temane aaa vistaarmaa rahevaanu aneey yuu. see. aela. aee. maan nondhani karaavvaanu nakki karyoo. paart-time modelingani nokri nirmata jairie wald saathe mulakat taraf doree gaee, jemane soochavyu keey teneeae tenu chhellu naam badaline topa curry didhu. teneeae aema. jee. aema. saathe karaar karyo, film 'leesa gearls' maate prachaar kaary karyoo aneey abhinay shikshak sanford meisner saathe abhyaas karyo. karkirdi. topoae 1960maan 'dhaa rize anned phola off leeyg diamond' maan potaani film padaarpan karyoo hatoo; teo 1950naa daykana antathi television parr dekhaaya hataa, jemaa 1959naa episode 'lady luck' maan meerii lovri tareeke 'bett masters' parr maheman dekhaav aneey 1961naa episodema 'dhaa price off paradise' maan diane jenson tareeke fareethi dekhaaya hataa. teey 1959maan cbs parr "episode 52maan", "venishing act", nikol macready tareeke dekhai hatee. aaa samaynee aaspaas, teey doona durant abhineet cbs westarn "johnny ringo" parr hatee, aneey jeeka loardsnee westarn "stoney barqa" parr abc parr hatee. 1961maan tenee "havaaiyan aankh" parr pann dekhaati hatee, jemaa teneeae tenaa naam diane kenanno upyog karyo hato, tracy steel, roobert conred aneey koonee stevensnee saame. 1962maan, 'dhaa phana couples' maan jaine fonda aneey breadford dillman saathe broadway parr topa dekhai hatee. pachhi sangeetni raashtriy pravaas kampani aavee "kharekhar prayaas karyaa vinaa vyavsayma kevee reete safal thavu", jemaa tenee rosemary vagaadati hatee. 1964maan teneeae "gunmock" parr maheman tareeke abhinay karyo, jemaa tenee "iv norton" bhajavati hatee, jeey aek durvyavhaar karaayelee putri hatee jeey "anty thede" (aesa10ee13) episodema teneene prem kartaa maanas saathe lagna karvaa maangati hatee. temane 1964nee cbs drama shrenee "dhaa reporter" naa episode "dhaa meena behind dhaa meena" maan monaa eliotnun chitran karyoo hatoo. teneeae "77 suryaast patti", "asprushya", 1960naa episode "sherif off dhaa taaun" parr pann maheman dekhaav karyo hato, jemaa pratham-runn syndicated pashchimi shrenee "beey facis vesta" maan waller koyane cotter tareeke aneey 1962naa "ripcord" episode "helikoptara reesa" neey ripcord ink tareeke rajoo karvaamaa aavee hatee.'secretory aneey receptionist marrian heins. teneeni film 'dhaa murder game' (1965) maan beejee bhoomika hatee, tyarbad tene chaar varsh rajaa leedhi. topnee pratham mukhya film bhoomika 1969nee "boob anned kerol anned teda anned ellis" maan aavee hatee, jene teneene academy award aneey golden globe namankan melavyu hatoo. 1971maan temane chaar feelmoma abhinay karyoh jackwellin susainni navalkathaa "dhaa lava machine"; siina koneri aneey christopher walcan saathe "dhaa enderson tape"; jiina-poola belmondo aneey omer sharif saathe "dhaa berglers"; aneey otto premingerni "aavaa saaraa mitro", jenaa maate temne shreshth abhinetri maate golden globe namankan malyun hatoo. teneena naamno upyog teey varshe paanchmee rajuaat, "doctoroni patneeo" noon vechaan karvaa maate karvaamaa aavyo hato, jemaa teneeae maatra aek nankado dekhaav karvaa chhataa tochnu billing karyoo hatoo. 1973maan, topa "shamas" maan bert reinoldsnee saame abhinay karyo hato aneey "dhaa laast off sheela" maan syu mangers parr aadharit agentnee bhoomika bhajvi hatee, aneey theatre malikona raashtriy sangathan dwara tene wooman staar off dhaa year tareeke naam aapvama aavyu hatoo. 1974maan, temane "child under aaa leaf" maan vivechako dwara vakhanayelee rajuaat curry hatee aneey haarve keatel saathe tivi maate banelee film "virginia hill" maan abhinay karyo hato. aaa pachhi teneeae feature feelmoma abhinaythi chaar varshnee gerhajari leedhi. 1970naa daykana madhyamaa laas vegasma seasurena mahel aneey haraahnaa leeka taaho khaate topa dwara potaana sangeetmay munch parr abhinay karyo hato. tyarbad temane american film instituteni maheela nirdeshan workshopma pravesh melvyo. teo "number vana" (1976) maate shreshth tunkee film, jivant action shreneema namankit thanari pratham oskar-namankit abhinetri bunny hatee, jeey projectnu nirmaan, nirdeshan, lekhan aneey sampadan karyoo hatoo. teey kishore jaatiy jeegnasa visheni vaarta hatee. 1978maan, topa "gulabi chittaano badalo" maan saha-abhinay karyo hato. teey jaj varshe, tenee "swarg raah joee shake chhe" maan dekhai hatee, jenaa maate teneene vadhu aek oskar namankan malyun hatoo aneey shreshth sahayak abhinetri maate golden globe award jeetyo hato. 1976maan, temane tenee pratham season darmiyan "setarade night live" noon aayojan karyoo hatoo aneey 1979maan "dhaa muppet shho" nee chothee seasonma maheman tareeke abhinay karyo hato. temane television film "lady off dhaa house" (1978) maan teey samaynaa boyfriend armond ascent saathe saha-abhinay karyo hato, jeey selee stanfordnaa jeevannu natkiyaran hatoo. 1980naa daaykaani sharuaatmaa, topa, jeey gaayak/gitkaar pann chhe, teey "honeyscal rose" (1980) maan veelee nelson saathe, "coast too coast" (1980) maan roobert black saathe, "lekhak!" maan dekhaayo hato. lekhak!"(1982) all pekeeno saathe, aneey sidnee lumetnu" "dethtrape" "(1982) michael qena aneey christopher reev saathe". temane tivi film 'having itt ola' (1982) maan temaj 'master off dhaa game' (1984) nee laghu shreneema abhinay karyo hato, tyarbad 'jeniz voora' (1985) maan sheershak bhoomika bhajvi hatee. disney maate "roqa 'aena' roll mome" (1988) banaavya pachhi, teey "cadishack II" (1988) maan aek kalaakaaroni tukadi saathe jovaa malee hatee. vadhumaa, temane kaaka khaannaa album "dhaa wooman aaee aema" maate sheershak geet brenda russel saathe saha-lakhyu hatoo. film udhogma temnaa yogdaan maate, topne 1983maan hollywood voqa off femamaa saamel karvaamaa aavee hatee, jemaa 6608 hollywood bullward khaate stheet motion pictures starno samaavesh karvaamaa aavyo hato. topa ardh-aatmakathaatmak film "dhaa anned off esenesi" (1990) maan lakhee, nirdeshit curry aneey abhinay karyo. tyarbad teey 'jailbirds' (1991) maan philicia rashad aneey 'criss christopherson aneey tonny curtis' saathe 'chrismus ina connect' (1992) maan jovaa malee hatee, jenu nirdeshan arnold schwarzenegger dwara karvaamaa aavyu hatoo, teey pahelaa 'boob anned kerol anned teda anned ellis' naa nirdeshak poola mazarsky saathe 'dhaa pickle' (1993) maate pharii jodaya hataa. lokpreey television shho 'aneey' dhaa practices 'parr topnee maheman bhoomikao hatee, temaj' aelaay mcbeal 'parr ardh-niyameet hatee. 1997maan tenee trana mukhya studiyo film releasema joee shakaati hateeh jooe pasky saathe "8 heads ina aaa duffell bagg"; "dhet darn qeta" nee remack; aneey voltara methau aneey jeeka lemon saathe "out too see". teey jaj varshe, teneeae tivi film "beverley hills femili robinson" maan sarah mishel gaylor saathe kaama karyoo hatoo. 2001 aneey 2002maan, teneeae tivi shrenee "trana baheno" maan niyameet bhaag leedho hato. 2005maan, teey "boyantan beach club" maan jovaa malee hatee, jeey vruddh fluoridians visheni film chhe, jemane hamanaa jaj temnee patneeo gumaavee chhe; topnaa vaastavik jeevannaa bhutpurv michael nauriae tenaa premnee bhoomika bhajvi hatee. teneeni pachhini bhoomikaoma hollmark maate "aaa kiss aeta madharaate" (2008) aneey lorren breako aneey penee marshel saathe "wooman without mains" (2010) noow samaavesh thaay chhe. temane "unleased" (2010) naamnee beejee tunkee film lakhee aneey nirdeshit curry. padada parthee veeram leedha pachhi, temane ashvaarohan aadharit paarivaarik film "hops legacy" (2021) maan abhinay karyo hato. topae october 2011maan "preey kereeh meerii life with keree grant" naamnu aek sansmaran prakashit karyoo hatoo. teneeno agau swifty lazar dwara 1986maan tenaa divangat bhutpurv patee vishe lakhvaa maate sampark karvaamaa aavyo hato, "laakho" neey nakaari kaadhya hataa, aneey ketlaak varsho pachhi jackwellin kenedi onsis tarafthi anya prakaashan prastaavne nakaari kaadhyo hato, jemaa janaavyu hatoo keey hajee pann upchaarni jaroor chhe jeey thavaani jaroor chhe. topa tenaa pustak "archie" parr aadharit chaar bhagni laghu shreneena kaarykaari nirmata tareeke kaama karey chhe, jenu utpaadan august 2022 maan sharoo thayu hatoo aneey teey tenaa parr prasaarit thashe. angat jeevan. 1961maan, topthi abhineta keree grant saathe datting sharoo thaee, jeey temnathi 33 varsh motaa hataa. teoae 22 julai, 1965naa roj lagna karyaa aneey temne aek putri, jennifer hatee. september 1967maan chhutachheda maate topa dakhal karvaamaa aavee hatee aneey tene 21 march, 1968naa roj anteem swaroop aapvama aavyu hatoo. topae 18 april, 1985naa roj real estate rokaankaar stanly fimberg saathe beejee vakhat lagna karyaa hataa. teo 1991maan chhutachheda leedha hataa. 1978 thee 1979 sudhee, topa aneey shastradhaari hathiyar jaaherma stheer vastu hatee. tenee haasy kalakar morta saahel, nirmata murre shostak, pratibha agent roona weisner aneey shilpkar carle hartman, temaj digdarshako hull aeshbee aneey jairie skatzberg aneey abhinetao haay chaze, roona aelee aneey michael norrie saathe pann sambandhomaa rahee chhe. tenee noori saathe maitripurn rahe chhe aneey temnaa breakupna lagbhag 40 varsh pachhi tenee saathe premiyarmaa gaee hatee. 1972maan, topthi jaanvaa malyun keey teey praathmeek upchaarmaa rokaayelee hatee. teey losa angels lakersnee chaahak chhe aneey ghanaa daaykaaothi lakers ramatomaa haajari aapee chhe. teey fareethi janmeli khristi chhe.

diane tope diane cannon (janm 4 janwari, 1937) ack americi abhinetri, film nirmaata aur sampaadak hain. unake puraskaron mein ack sattern puraskar, ack golden globe puraskar, teen akadami puraskar namankan aur hollywood walk off fame parr ack sitara shamil hain. unhein 1973 mein theatre maalikon key rashtriya sangh aur 1979 mein hollywood mahila press club dwara varsh kii mahila starr naamit kiya gayaa thaa. miss west seatle kaa khitaab jeetane vaali ack poorv saundarya raani, tope ney 1958 mein apani television shuruat kii. agale dashak mein, vaha kabhi-kabhi broadway aur bee-filmon mein dikhaai dene key dauran episodic show mein ack aam drishya bunn gaee. 1969 mein, unhone sex comedy "bobb aind caroll aind taid aind ellis" mein apani safal film bhoomika nibhai, jisake liye unhein sarvshreshth sahayak abhinetri key liye akadami puraskar key liye namankit kiya gayaa thaa. cannon koo phir seey usa shreni mein "swarg prateeksha curr sakata haye" (1978) key liye namankit kiya gayaa thaa, jisase unhein sarvshreshth sahayak abhinetri-chalchitra key liye golden globe puraskar milaa, aur "aise achche dost" (1971) mein unaki mukhya bhoomika key liye sarvshreshth abhinetri-chalchitra naatak key liye golden globe puraskar key liye namankit kiya gayaa thaa. unhein "number ack" (1976) key nirmaata key roop mein sarvshreshth live action laghu film key liye ack akadami puraskar key liye bhee namankit kiya gayaa thaa, jisase vaha cameray key saamane aur peechhe donon or auskar namankan praapt karane vaali pahali mahila bunn gaeen. jinn anya filmon mein tope ney pradarshan kiya haye, unamen "dha lava machine" (1971), "shammus" (1973), "dha last off sheela" (1973), "child under aeye leaf" (1974), "revenge off dha pink panther" (1978), "honeyscal rose" (1980), "coast too coast" (1980), "death trap" (1982), "auther!" shamil hain. lekhak!"(1982)," "cadishack II" "(1988)," "8 haid inn aeye duffel bagg" "(1997)," "out too see" "(1997), aur" "boyton beach club" "(2005). tope ney 1990 key ardh-aatmakathaatmak naatak 'dha aind off masumiyat' key saath apane feature nirdeshan kii shuruat kii, jisamen unhone likhaa aur abhinay bhee kiya. 1997 seey 2000 taka unhone kanuni shrinkhala "sahayogi mcbeal" mein ack aavarti bhoomika nibhai. apane currier key shuru honey seey pahale, tope kii shaadi teen saal key liye carrie grant seey hui thee aur usane apane iklaute bachche, betty jennifer koo janm diyaa thaa. 1968 mein unake talaak key baad seey shaadi parr charcha karane key liye anichhuk, 1986 mein anudan kii mrityu key baad tope ney prakaashan saudon koo aswikar curr diyaa. unakaa sansmaran "priya carrie" (2011) newyork times best seller bunn gayaa. 2022 mein, yeh ghoshana kii gaee thee kii pustak koo tope karyakari utpaadan key saath isake liye ack laghu shrinkhala mein rupaantarit kiya jaayega. praarambhik jeevan. tope kaa janm 4 janwari, 1937 koo tacoma, washington mein huaa thaa, joe grihini clyer ("nee" portnoy) aur jeevan beema vikreta bayne frysen kii betty thee. unakaa paalan-poshan unaki ashkenazi yahudi maan key yahudi vishvaas mein huaa thaa, joe ukraine seey ack apravasi theen; unake pitaa kanadai menonite vansh key ack baptist they. unakaa chhota bhaai jaiz sangeetkaar david fraaizen haye. tope ney west ciatal hyee school mein padhaai kii aur 1954 mein miss west ciatal kaa taaj pahanaaya gayaa. unhone washington vishvavidyalaya mein dhaaee saal bitaaye. 1957 mein, tope college seey baahar chully gaee aur phoenix, arizona mein apani chaachi saili key saath rahane key liye chully gaee, jahan usane maryl linch aind company mein naukari kii. ack yatra vyavasaayi dwara prem mein padane key baad, usane sagaai curr lii aur loss angils mein apane mangetar key peechhe chully gaee. way jald hii alag hoe gaye, lekin unhone kshetra mein rahane aur yuu. see. ell. aeye. mein dakhila lene kaa faisala kiya. anshakaalik modeling kii naukari key kaaran nirmaata jairi wald key saath ack sakshatkar huaa, jinhone sujhaav diyaa kii unhone apana antim naam badalkar tope curr liya. unhone film 'less girls' key prachaar kaary karate hue aim. jee. aim. key liye hastakshar kiye aur abhinay shikshak sanford meisner key saath adhyayan kiya. carrier. tope ney 1960 mein "dha raiz aind faul off legg diamond" mein apani film kii shuruat kii; vaha 1950 key dashak key anta seey television parr dikhaai dee thee, jisamen 1959 key episode "lady luck" mein mairi lovri key roop mein "bait masters" parr ack atithi upasthiti aur phir 1961 key episode mein "dha price off paradise" mein dyne jansen key roop mein dikhaai dee thee. vaha 1959 mein see. bee. aiss. parr ", episode 52 mein", "gayab honey vaalaa abhinay", nikol macready key roop mein dikhaai dee. iss samay key baare mein, vaha donn durant abhineet see. bee. aiss. paschimi "johnny ringo" aur aeye. bee. see. parr jack lords key paschimi "stoney berk" parr thee. vaha 1961 mein tracy steel, robbert conrad aur conny stevens key vipareet, apane naam diane cannon kaa upayog karate hue "havaiyan aaee" parr bhee dikhaai dee. 1962 mein, "dha funn couples" mein jaine fonda aur bradford dillman key saath broadway parr tope dikhaai dee. isake baad sangeet kii rashtriya paryatan company aaee "vaastav mein koshish kiye binaa vyavasaay mein kaise safal hoe", jisamen unhone rosemary bajaai. 1964 mein unhone "gunmok" mein atithi bhoomika nibhai, jisamen unhone "iv norton" kii bhoomika nibhai, ack durvyavahar kii betty jiss aadami seey vaha pyaar karati haye, usase shaadi karna chaahati haye. unhone 1964 kii cbs naatak shrinkhala "dha reporter" key episode "dha maine behind dha maine" mein monaa elliot kaa chitran kiya. unhone "77 suryast patti", "achhoot", 1960 key episode "shahar key sheriff" mein pahali baar chalane vaali syndicated paschimi shrinkhala "dou chehare paschim" mein waller coy key saath aur 1962 key "ripcard" episode "helicopter races" mein ripcard ink key roop mein atithi upasthiti darj karaai.'sachiv aur receptionist marrian heins. film 'dha murder game' (1965) mein unaki ack aur bhoomika thee, phir unhone chaar saal kii chhutti leey lii. tope kii pahali pramukh film bhoomika 1969 kii "bobb aind caroll aind taid aind ellis" mein aaee, jisane unhein akadami puraskar aur golden globe namankan arjit kiye. 1971 mein unhone chaar filmon mein abhinay kiyaah jacklean susan key upanyaas seey "dha lava machine"; seane connery aur christopher walken key saath "dha anderson tape"; jeane-paul belmondo aur omar sharif key saath "dha berger"; aur otto preminger key "aise achche dost", jisake liye unhein sarvshreshth abhinetri key liye golden globe namankan milaa. usa varsh paanchvin release, "doctors kii patniyon" koo bechane key liye unake naam kaa upayog kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen kewal ack cameo upasthiti key bavjood unhone sheersh billing kii thee. 1973 mein, tope ney "shamas" mein bert reinolds key vipareet abhinay kiya aur "dha last off sheela" mein suu mengers parr adharit ack agent kii bhoomika nibhai, aur theatre maalikon key rashtriya sangh dwara varsh kii mahila starr naamit kii gaee. 1974 mein, unhone "child under aeye leaf" mein sameekshakon dwara prashansit pradarshan kiya aur harvey keatel key saath tv key liye banaai gaee film "virginia hill" mein abhinay kiya. isake baad unhone feature filmon mein abhinay seey chaar saal kii anupasthiti lii. 1970 key dashak key madhya mein laas vegas mein seasure key mahal aur harra kii jheel taaho mein tope ney apane swayam key sangeetmay munch abhinay mein abhinay kiya. isake baad unhone americi film sansthaan kii mahila nirdeshan karyashala mein dakhila liya. vaha "number ack" (1976) key liye sarvshreshth laghu film, live action shreni mein namankit honey vaali pahali auskar-namankit abhinetri bunn gaeen, ack pariyojana jiska nirmaan, nirdeshan, lekhan aur sampadan kiya gayaa thaa. yeh kishore yaun jigyasa key baare mein ack kahani thee. 1978 mein, tope ney "gulabi tendue kaa badala" mein saha-abhinay kiya. usee varsh, vaha "swarg prateeksha curr sakati haye" mein dikhaai deen, jisake liye unhein ack aur auskar namankan milaa aur unhone sarvshreshth sahayak abhinetri key liye golden globe puraskar jeetaa. 1976 mein, unhone isake pahale season key dauran "satterday night live" kii mejbani kii aur unhone 1979 mein "dha muppet show" key chauthe season mein atithi abhinay kiya. unhone tv film "lady off dha house" (1978) mein tatkalin premi armond ascent key saath saha-abhinay kiya, joe saili steinford key jeevan kaa ack naatakiya chitran thaa. 1980 key dashak kii shuruat mein, tope, joe ack gaayak/geetkaar bhee haye, villie nelson key saath "honeyscal rose" (1980) mein dikhaai dee, "coast too coast" (1980) robbert blake key saath, "lekhak! lekhak!"(1982) all patchino key saath, aur sidney lumet kii" "death trap" "(1982) michael caine aur christopher reev key saath. unhone tv film 'having itt aul' (1982) key saath-saath ack laghu shrinkhala, 'master off dha game' (1984) mein abhinay kiya, phir 'genese warr' (1985) mein sheershak bhoomika nibhai. disney key liye "rock 'aine' roll momm" (1988) banaane key baad, vaha "cadishack II" (1988) mein ack kalakaron key samooh key saath dikhaai deen. isake alawa, unhone brenda russell key saath chaaka khaan key album, "dha women aaee aim" key liye sheershak geet kaa saha-lekhan kiya. film udyog mein unake yogdan key liye, tope koo 1983 mein 6608 hollywood bulleward mein sthit ack motion pictures starr key saath hollywood walk off fame mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. tope ney ardh-aatmakathaatmak film "dha aind off masumiyat" (1990) mein likhaa, nirdeshit kiya aur abhinay kiya. baad mein vaha "gelbirds" (1991) mein filicia rashad key saath aur "chrismus inn connect" (1992) mein criss christopherson aur tonny curtis key saath dikhaai deen, jiska nirdeshan arnold schwarzenegger ney kiya thaa, isase pahale kii vaha "bobb aind caroll aind taid aind ellis" key nirdeshak paul maazarski key saath "dha ikal" (1993) key liye phir seey mill gaeen. lokpriya television show "aur" abhyaas "mein tope kii atithi bhoomikaaen theen, saath hii saath" sahayogi mcbeal "parr ardh-niyamit honey key kaaran. 1997 mein unhein teen pramukh studio film release mein dekhaa jaa sakata haih joe pesky key saath "8 heads inn aeye duffel bagg"; "dha darn catt" kaa remake; aur walter maitahau aur jack leman key saath "out too see". usa varsh bhee, unhone tv film "beverley hills family robbinson" mein saaraa michel geller key saath kaam kiya. 2001 aur 2002 mein, unhone tv shrinkhala "teen bahanon" mein niyamit roop seey bhaag liya thaa. 2005 mein, vaha "boyton beach club" mein dikhaai deen, joe umradaraaz floridians key baare mein ack film haye jinhone abhee-abhee apane jeevansathi khou diye hain; tope key vaastavik jeevan key poorv michael noori ney unaki prem ruchi nibhai. unaki baad kii bhoomikaon mein hallmark key liye "aaa kiss aitt midnite" (2008) aur lorren braco aur penny marshel key saath "mahilaaon key binaa purushon" (2010) shamil they. unhone ack aur laghu, "unleased" (2010) likhaa aur nirdeshit kiya. parde seey ack antaral key baad, unhone ghudsavaar adharit parivarik film "hope kii viraasat" (2021) mein abhinay kiya. tope ney octuber 2011 mein ack sansmaran prakaashit kiya, "priya kaireeh merrie jindagi carrie anudan key saath". unhein pahale 1986 mein apane divangat poorv pati key baare mein likhane key liye swifty laazar dwara sampark kiya gayaa thaa, "laakhon" koo thukra diyaa gayaa thaa, aur kuchh varshon baad jacklean kenedi onsis seey ack aur prakaashan prastaav koo aswikar curr diyaa, yeh kahate hue kii abhee bhee upchaar thaa joe honey kii aavashyakta thee. tope unaki pustak "archie" parr adharit chaar bhaagon vaali laghu shrinkhala key karyakari nirmaata key roop mein kaary karati haye, jiska utpaadan agast 2022 mein shuru huaa aur yeh iss parr prasaarit hogi. vyaktigat jeevan. 1961 mein, tope ney abhineta carrie grant key saath detting shuru kii, joe unase 33 saal badey they. unhone 22 julaai, 1965 koo shaadi kii aur unaki ack betty thee, jennifer. sitambar 1967 mein talaak key liye tope daayar kii gaee aur ise 21 march, 1968 koo antim roop diyaa gayaa. tope ney 18 aprail, 1985 koo real estate niveshak steinly fimberg seey doosari baar shaadi kii. 1991 mein unakaa talaak hoe gayaa. 1978 seey 1979 taka, tope aur hathiyarband hathiyar saarvajanik roop seey ack sthir vastu they. vaha comedian mort sahel, nirmaata murre shostak, talent agent ronn weisner aur moortikaar carle hartman key saath-saath nirdeshak haal sb aur jairi skatzberg aur abhineta haai chess, ronn ellie aur michael noori key saath bhee sambandhon mein rahee hain. vaha noori key saath dostana rahati haye aur unake tootane key lagbhag 40 saal baad usake saath ack premiere mein jaati haye. 1972 mein, tope ney khulasa kiya kii vaha praathamik chikitsa mein luggy hui thee. vaha loss angils lakers kii prashansak hain aur kaee dashakon seey lakers khelon mein bhaag leey rahee hain. vaha ack baar phir seey paida hui isai haye.

diane firangi diane cannon (jannah samil diane friesen, janavari 4,1937) obba american nutty, chalanachitra nirmaapaka mattu sampaadaka. aakeya prashastigalalli sattern prashasti, golden globe prashasti, mooru academy prashasti namanirdeshanagalu mattu hollywood vaak off famenalli ondu starr serive. hondiddaru rangabhoomi malikara rashtriya sangha mattu mattu hollywood mahila patrika club aakeyannu varshada mahila taare endu hesarisitu. miss west ciatal emba birudannu hondidda maaji soundarya raniyagidda cannon 1958 ralli duradarshanakke paadaarpane maadidaru. mundina dasakadalli, avaru broadway mattu bii-chalanachitragalalli sandarbhikavagi kanisikolluvaga sanchike pradarshanagalalli saamaanya drashyavaagi maarpattaru. maarpattaru, aake laingika haasya "baab & caroll & ted & alis" nalli tamma adbhuta chalanachitra patravannu hondiddaru, idakkaagi avaru atyuttama poshaka natigaagi academy prashastige namanirdeshanagondaru. swarga kayaballadu" (1978) chitrakkagi firangi matte aaa vibhagadalli naamanirdeshanagonditu, atyuttama poshaka nutty-chalanachitrakkagi golden globe prashastiyannu galisitu, mattu "antaha olleya sneehitaru" (1971) chitradallina pramukha patrakkagi atyuttama nutty-chalanachitra natakakkagi golden globe prashastige naamanirdeshanagonditu. number one" (1976) naa nirmaapakaraagi atyuttama live auction kiruchitrakkagi academy prashastige namanirdeshanagondaru, idu aakeyannu camerada munde mattu hinde askar namanirdeshanagalannu padeda modala mahileyannagi maaditu. firangi pradarshana needida itara chalanachitragalalli "dhii love meshin" (1971), "shamas" (1973), "dhii laust off sheela" (1973), "chiled under aa leaf" (1974), "revenge off dhii pink panther" (1978), "honeysuckle rose" (1980), "coast tuu coast" (1980), "death trop" (1982), "auther! lekhaka!"(1982)," "cadishock II" "(1988)," "8 head inn aa duffle byag" "(1997)," "out tuu sea" "(1997), mattu" "boyton beach club" "(2005)". 1990rahra arey-aatmacharitreya nataka 'dhii end off amoulyate' yondige cannon tanna chalanachitra nirdeshanada chocchala praveshavannu maaditu, adaralli avalu baredu natisidalu. natisidalu 1997rinda avaru kaanoonu sarani "alai mcbeal" nalli punaraavartita patravannu nirvahisidaru. aakeya vrattijeevanavu praarambhavaaguva modalu, firangiyu mooru varshagala kaala carrie grantge maduveyaayitu mattu avana ekaika magu, magalu jenniferge janma needitu. needitu vichchedanada nantara maduveya bagge charchisalu hinjariyuttidda, prakatisitu anudaanada maranada nantara prakataneya oppandagalannu firangi tiraskarisitu. aakeya aatmacharitre "dier carrie" (2011) newyork timesna atyuttama maaraatagaaravaayitu. maaraatagaaravaayitu, ee pustakavannu firangi karyanirvahaka utpaadaneyondige kirusaranigalaagi alavadisalaaguvudu endu ghooshisalaayitu. arambhika jeevana. 1937rahra janavari janavari washington takomaadalli, gruhini clyer ("nee" portnoy) mattu jeeva vima maratagara benn frisen avara magalaada, firangi, samil diane frisen janisidaru. aake ukrenninda valase banda aakeya ashkenazi yahoodi taayiya yahoodi nambikeyalli beledaru; aakeya tande kenadian mennonite vamshada baptist aagiddaru. aakeya kiriya sahodara jaajh sangeetagaara david friesen. firangi west ciatal proudhashaaleyalli vyasanga maaditu mattu mattu miss west ciatal kireetavannu padedaru. aake washington vishvavidyaalayadalli eradoovare varshagalannu kaledaru. kaledaru, firangiyu kaalejininda horabanditu mattu tanna chikkamma sally jote phoenix, arijonaadalli vaasisalu hoyitu, allie avalu meryl linching & konalli kelasa maadidalu. prayanada udyamiyinda pritisalpatta aake nishchitaartha maadikondalu mattu laas angeliesge tanna nishchita varanannu himbaalisidalu. avaru shighradalle berpattaru, aadare aake aaa pradeshadalli uliyalu mattu uclalli daakhalaagalu nirdharisidaru. arekaalika modelling udyogavu nirmaapaka jerri valdrondigina sandarshanakke kaaranavaayitu, avaru tamma koneya hesarannu firangi endu badalaayisalu salahe niididaru. aake "less gurles" chitrada prachara kaaryavannu maduttiruvaga, mgmge sahi haakidaru mattu natana sikshaka sanford maisner avarondige adhyayana maadidaru. vrattijeevana. vrattijeevana "dhii rais und phaal off legs diamond" chitradalli cannon tanna chalanachitra praveshavannu maaditu; aake 1950rahra dashakada antyadinda duradarshanadalli kanisikondiddaru, idaralli 1959rahra sanchikeyalli "lady luck" nalli merrie lovariyagi "byaat masterson" nalli atithi patradalli kanisikondaru mattu matte 1961rahra sanchikeyalli "dhii price off paradise" nalli diane johnson aagi kanisikondaru. avaru 1959 ralli cbsnalli kanisikondaru, "inn episode 52," wannishing act ", nikol mccready. ee samayadalli, aake daan durant natisida cbs western "johnny ringo" nalli mattu abc yalli jack lardsna western "stoiny burk" nalliddaru. jeevana, aake tanna hesaru diane cannon annu balasikondu, tracey steel, robbert kanrad mattu coney stevens eduru "hawaian aii" nalli kanisikondaru. kanisikondaru, jaine fonda mattu broadford dillman avarondige "dhii funn couple" nalli broadwayalli firangi kaanisikonditu. munde banda rashtriya pravaasada sangeetada kampani "nijavagiyoo prayatnisade vevahaaradalli hege yashasviyaguvudu", idaralli avaru rosemary nudisidaru. nudisidaru aake "gunmoke" nalli atithi patradalli natisi, "aivi norton" emba patravannu nirvahisidaru, "aant thede" thede" sanchikeyalli taanu pritisuva vyaktiyannu maduveyagalu noduttiruva nindita magalu. 1964rahra cbs nataka sarani 'dhii reporter' naa "dhii myaan behind dhii myaan" sanchikeyalli avaru mona elliot patravannu nirvahisidaru. aake "77 sooryaastada patti", "asprushyaru", 1960 rahra sanchikeya "pattanada sheriff" modala-runn syndicated western saraniya "eradu mukhagalu paschima" walter koynondige cotter aagi mattu 1962 rahra "repcord" sanchikeyalli "helicopter rays" annu repcord ink aagi atithi patragalalli kanisikondaru.'avara karyadarshi mattu swaagatakaararaada mariane heins. dhii murder game" (1965) chitradalli aake mattondu patravannu nirvahisidaru, nantara naalku varshagala kaala virama padedaru. 1969rahra "baab & caroll & ted & alis" nalli banda firangiya modala pramukha chalanachitra patravu aakege academy prashasti mattu golden globe namanirdeshanagalannu galisitu. galisitu avaru naalku chalanachitragalalli natisidaruh jackwellin susanne avara kaadambariyinda "dhii love meshin"; seane kaanari mattu christopher walken avarondige "dhii anderson tepgalu"; zeane-paul belmando mattu omer shareef avarondige "dhii berglers"; mattu otto preminger avara "antaha olleya sneehitaru", idakkaagi avaru atyuttama natigaagi golden globe namanirdeshanavannu padedaru. aaa varsha aidane bidugadeyaada "doctors vives" annu marata maadalu aakeya hesarannu balasalaayitu, idaralli avaru kevala atithi patradalli kanisikondaru saha top billing annu hondiddaru. hondiddaru, firangiyu "shamas" nalli burt reynolds eduru natisitu mattu "dhii laust off sheela" chitradalli suu mengers aadhaarita agent patravannu nirvahisitu mattu rangabhumiya malikara rashtriya sanghavu varshada mahila taare endu hesarisitu. hesarisitu, avaru "chiled under aa leaf" nalli vimarshaatmakavaagi mechchuge padeda abhinayavannu niididaru mattu harvey kitelnondige duradarshanakkagi tayaarisida chalanachitra "virginia hill" nalli natisidaru. idara nantara avaru chalanachitragalalli natisuvudarinda naalku varshagala anupasthitiyannu padedaru. 1970rahra dashakada madhyabhaagadalli laas vegas mattu harras lake taahodallina seaser aramaneyalli tannade aada sangeetada vedikeya abhinayadalli firangi natisitu. nantara avaru american philm instituten mahila nirdeshana karyagaradalli serikondaru. avaru atyuttama kiruchitra, live auction vibhagadalli "number one" (1976) gaagi namanirdeshanagonda modala askar-naamanirdeshita nutty emba heggalikege patraradaru, ee yojaneyu firangi nirmaana, nirdeshana, baredu sampaadisitu. idu hadihareyadavara laingika kutuhalada katheyagittu. katheyagittu, firangiyu "pink panthern sedu" yalli saha-natisitu. adhe varsha, avaru "swarga kayabahudu" chitradalli kanisikondaru, idakkaagi avaru mattondu askar namanirdeshanavannu padedaru mattu atyuttama poshaka natigaagi golden globe prashastiyannu geddaru. geddaru, avaru adara modala rtuvinalli "satterday nait live" annu host maadidaru mattu mattu "dhii muppet show" naa nalkane rtuvinalli atithi patradalli natisidaru. aake aagina geleya armond assante avarondige tv chalanachitra "lady off dhii house" (1978) nalli saha-natisidaru, idu sally stanfordna jeevanada naatakeeyateyaagide. 1980rahra dashakada aarambhadalli, gayaka/gitarachanakaararoo aagiruva firangi, "honeysuckle rose" (1980) nalli villie nelson avarondige, "coast tuu coast" (1980) nalli robbert blake avarondige kanisikondaru, "lekhaka! lekhaka!"(1982) all pasino jote, mattu micheal caine mattu christopher reeve jote sidney lumetra" "death trop" "(1982)". aake "having itt aall" (1982) emba duradarshana chalanachitradalli natisidaru mattu "master off dhii game" (1984) emba kirusaranigalalli natisidaru, nantara "gennis waar" (1985) nalli shirshike patravannu hondiddaru. disnigaagi "rock 'enn' roll maam" (1988) maadida nantara, avaru "cadishock II" (1988) nalli ondu samooha patravargadondige kanisikondaru. idallade, avaru brenda russell avarondige chaka khaan avara album "dhii women aii aum" gaagi shirshike haadannu saha-baredaru. chalanachitrodyamakke aake needida kodugegaligaagi, kodugegaligaagi 6608 hollywood boulevaardnalliruva chalanachitra taareyobbanondige cannon annu hollywood vaak off famegay serisalaayitu. firangi baredu, nirdeshisi, arey-aatmacharitreya chalanachitra "dhii end off amoulyate" (1990) nalli natiside. taruvaaya avaru "jail birds" (1991) nalli filicia rashad mattu "chrismus inn connecticut" (1992) nalli criss christophersonrondige mattu toney curtis avarondige kanisikondaru, idaralli eradaneyadannu arnald schwarzinegger nirdeshisidaru, nantara "baab & caroll & ted & alis" nirdeshaka paul majurskiyondige "dhii pickle" (1993) gaagi danny ayello avarondige matte seridaru. janapriya duradarshana karyakramagalalli "mattu" abhyasa "dalli firangi atithi patragalannu hondittu, jotege" alai mcbeal "nalli arey-niyamita patravannu hondittu. hondittu avaru mooru pramukha studio chalanachitra bidugadegalalli kaanabahudaagittuh zoo peskiyondige "8 heads inn aa duffel byag"; "dutt darn catt" naa remake; mattu walter mathou mattu jack lemmon avarondige "out tuu sea". aaa varshavoo, aake saaraa micheal geller avarondige "beverley hills family robbinson" emba duradarshana chalanachitradalli kelasa maadidaru. 2001 mattu mattu, avaru "mooru sahodariyaru" emba duradarshana saranialli niyamitavagi bhagiyagiddaru. bhagiyagiddaru, avaru tamma sangaatiyannu kaledukonda vayassaada fluoridiannara kuritaada chalanachitravaada "boyton beach club" nalli kanisikondaru; firangiya nija jeevanada maaji micheal nauri aakeya premada aasaktiyannu nirvahisidaru. aakeya nantarada patragalalli halmarkgagi "aaa kiss aut midnite" (2008) mattu loraine braco mattu penni maarshalnondige "women without menn" (2010) emba aprachalita vimaana chalakaru seriddaru. aake "unleased" (2010) emba mattondu kiruchitravannu baredu nirdeshisidaru. paradeyinda virama padeda nantara, avaru kudure sawari aadhaarita kautumbika chitra "hopes legacy" (2021) nalli natisidaru. 2011rahra octobernalli, firangiyu "priya carrie nanna jeevana carrie anudaanadondige" emba aatmacharitreyannu prakatisitu. prakatisitu tanna maaji patiya bagge bareyalu swifty lazar avarannu samparkisi, "lakshaantara" endu tiraskarisidalu mattu kelavu varshagala nantara jackwellin kennedi onassisninda mattondu prakataneya prastapavannu nirakarisidalu, idu innoo gunapadisuva agatyavide endu helitu. aakeya pustakavannu aadharisida "archie" emba shirshikeya naalku bhagagala kirusaranigala karyanirvahaka nirmaapakaraagi firangi kaaryanirvahisuttade, idu august 2022 ralli utpaadaneyannu praarambhisitu mattu adara mele prasaaravaaguttade. vaiyaktika jeevana. jeevana, firangi tanna 33 varshada hiriya nata carrie grantnondige dating praarambhisitu. avaru julai 22,1965 randu vivaahavaadaru mattu jennifer emba obba magalannu hondiddaru. 1967rahra septembernalli vichchedanakkagi firangi sallisalaayitu mattu adannu 1968rahra march march antimagolisalaayitu. firangiyu april 18,1985 randu real estate hudikedaara stanly fimberg avarannu eradane baarige vivaahavaadaru. avaru avaru vichchedana padedaru. padedaru 1978rinda, firangi mattu shastraastragalu saarvajanikavaagi sthiravaada padaarthavaagiddavu. aake hasyanata maart sahl, nirmaapaka murre shostak, pratibhe agent raan weisner mattu shilpi carle hartman, jotege nirdeshakaraada haal ashbi mattu jerri scotzberg mattu nataraada hye chases, raan elie mattu micheal nauri avarondige sambandhavannu hondiddaare. aake nauriyondige snehadinda iruttaale mattu avara vichchedanada sumaru 40 varshagala nantara premiyarge avanondige hoguttaale. hoguttaale, aake praathamika chikitseyalli todagisikondiddaale endu firangi bahirangapadisitu. aake laas angelies lakersna abhimaaniyaagiddu, halavaaru dasakagalinda lakers atagalalli bhagavahisiddare. aake matte janisida kraistalu.

dhyan peeranki oru american nadiyum chalachithra nirmmathaavum edittarumaanu diane kaanan (jananam samil diane frisen, januvari 4,1937). oru saattarn award, oru golden globe award, moonnu akkadami award naamanirddeshangal, hollywood vaakk oof faimile oru staar enniva avarude amgeekaarangalil ulppedunnu. 1973ll naashanal association oof thiyettar oonezhsum 1979ll hollywood womens pras clubb avale varshathe vanita thaaramaayi thiranjedutthu. miss vestt siyaattil enna padavi vahichirunna muun soundarya raajnjiyaaya peeranki 1958 ll televisionil arangettam kurichu. adutha dashakathil, broadwayilum bii-sinimakalilum idaykkide prathyakshappedumbol episodic shokalil avar oru saadhaarana kazhchayaayi maari. 1969-ll, laingika hasyachithramaaya "bob & karol & tedu & alis" enna chithratthile thante munnettachithra vesham avarkk labhichu, athinu avar mikacha sahanadikkulla akkadami awardinu naamanirddesham cheyyappettu. heven qaan veytt" (1978) enna chithrathinaayi veendum aaa vibhaagathil naamanirddesham cheyyappedukayum mikacha sahanadikkulla golden globe award nedukayum mikacha nadikkulla golden globe awardinu naamanirddesham cheyyappedukayum cheythu-"aas good fronds" (1971) enna chithratthile pradhana veshathinu chalachithra naadakam. nambar vann" (1976) enna chithratthinte nirmmathaavaayi mikacha live aakshan short philiminulla akkadami awardinum avar naamanirddesham cheyyappettu, ithu cameraykku munnilum pinnilum ooskaar nominationukal labhikkuna aadya vanithayayi maari. dhaa lavu mesheen" (1971), "shamas" (1973), "dhaa laast oof sheela" (1973), "child under eiii leaf" (1974), "rivanj oof dhaa pink paanthar" (1978), "honeysuckle rooss" (1980), "koost tuu koost" (1980), "deth trap" (1982), "oodhar! ezhuthukaaran!"(1982)," "cadishack II" "(1988)," "8 heads inn eiii duffle bagg" "(1997)," "outtu tuu zee" "(1997)," "booyintan beach club" "(2005)". 1990-kalile ardha-aathmakathaaparamaaya naadakamaaya "dhii end oof immenisity" enna chithrathiloodeyaanu peeranki samvidaanam arangettam kurichathu, athil avar ezhuthukayum abhinayikkukayum cheythu. 1997 muthal 2000 vare avar leagal seereesaaya "alai mcbeal" ll aavarthichulla vesham cheythu. avarude currier aarambhikkunnathin munbu, moonnu varshathekku kaari graantumaayi vivaham kazhicha peeranki addehathinte eaka makal jenniferinu janmam nalki. 1968 leeii vivaahamochanathinusesham vivaahathekkurich charcha cheyyaan vimukhatha kaanichu, 1986 ll graantinte maranathethudarnnu peeranki prasidheekarana karaarukal nirasichu. avarude ormmakkurippaaya "dier kaari" (2011) newyork timesinte bestt sellaraayi maari. 2022ll, peeranki executive nirmmaanathodukoodiya oru miinii seereesaayi eee pusthakam sweekarikkumennu prakhyaapichu. aadyakaala jeevitam. 1937 januvari 4 nuu washingtonile tacomayil veettamma clairinteyum ("nee" portnoy) life insurance salesman benn friesanteyum makalaayi kaaman janichu. ukrainil ninnulla kudiyettakkariyaaya avalude ashkenazi jootha maathaavinte jootha vishwaasathilaanu avar valarnnathu; avalude pithaav canadian mennanaitt vamshajaraaya anaabaaptistaayirunnu. avalude ilaya sahodaran jaas samgeethajnjanaaya david fraisanaanu. vestt siyaattil haiskoolil padicha peeranki 1954ll miss vestt siyaattil aayi kireedamaniyukayum washington sarvakalashaalayil randara varsham chelavazhikkukayum cheythu. 1957-ll peeranki patanam upekshichu arisonayile phoenixil avalude ammaayiyodoppam thamasikkaan pooyi, avide avar merril linch & kambaniyil jolie nedi. oru sanjaara bisinasukaaran pranayikkunna aval vivaahanischayam nadathukayum loss enjalsilekku thante prathisrutha varane pinthudarukayum cheythu. taamasiyaathe avar verpirinju, pakshe avar aaa pradeshathu thamasikkaanum uclal cheraan theerumaanichu. oru part time modeling jolie nirmmaathaav jerry valdumaayulla oru abhimukhathilekku nayichu, avar thante avasana peru peeranki ennu maattaan nirddeshichu. less gales" enna sinimayude prachaarana pravarthanangalkkaayi avar mgmil karar oppittu, abhinaya adthyaapakanaaya sanford maisnerinoppam padichu. currier. 1960 ll "dhii rais aandu phaal oof legs diamond" enna chithrathiloodeyaanu peeranki sinimayil arangettam kurichathu; 1950 kalude avasaanam muthal televisionil prathyakshappetta avar 1959 leeii episode "lady luck" ll merii loriyaayum 1961 leeii episodil "dhii prais oof paradise" enna chithratthil diane janson enna kathaapaathramaayum athidhiveshathil prathyakshappettu. 1959 ll cbsinte "episode 52 ll", "vanishing aakt", nikkol mccready enna kathaapaathrathil avar prathyakshappettu. eee samayat, doonn durant abhinayicha cbs vestten "johnny rinko", abc yill jacq lordsinte vestten "stooni burk" ennivayilaayirunnu avar. 1961ll tracey steel, roobert konraad, cooney steevans ennivarkkoppam diane kaanan enna peru upayogichu avar "havaian aii" yill prathyakshappettu. 1962ll, "dhaa phann jody" enna chithratthil jaine phondaykkum bradford dilmanumoppam broadwayil peeranki prathyakshappettu. aduthathaayi "sarikkum sramikkaathe bisinessil engane vijayikkam" enna samgeethathinte deseeya touring kambani vannu, athil avar rosemary avatharippichu. 1964-ll avar "gunsmoke" enna chithratthil athidhiveshathil abhinayichu, "aanti theed" (ezz10iii13) enna episodil thaan snehikkunna aale vivaham kazhikkaan aagrahikkunna oru durupayogam cheyyappetta makalaaya "aivi norttan" enna kathaapaathrathe avatharippichu. 1964 sii. bii. ezz naadaka parambarayaaya "dhii reporter" enna chithratthile "dhii maan behind dhii maan" enna episodil avar moona eliyattine avatharippichu. 77 sansett strip", "thottukoodaatthavar", 1960 leeii episode "touninte sherief", aadyathe syndicated vestten seereesile "tuu phases vestt", walter koyiye kauttaraayum 1962 leeii "repcord" episode "helikopttar rays" enniva repcord incorporateayum avar athidhi veshangalil prathyakshappettu.'secretory resoptionistumaaya marian heins. dhii kola geyim" (1965) enna chithratthil avarkk mattoru vesham undaayirunnu, thudarnnu naalu varshathe edavela eduthu. 1969-leeii bob & karol & tedu & alis enna chithrathilaanu peeranki veshathinte aadya pradhana vesham, athu avarkk akkadami award golden globe naamanirddeshangalum nedikkodutthu. 1971-ll avar naalu chithrangalil abhinayichu jackvillin susaante novalil ninnulla "dhii lavu mesheen"; seane koonari, christopher wacken ennivarodoppam "dhii aandezhsan tapeukal"; jeane-pooll belmonto, omar shareef ennivarodoppam "dhii burglezhs"; oottoo premingerinte "atharam nalla suhruthukkal", athinaayi avarkk mikacha nadikkulla golden globe naamanirddesham labhichu. aaa varsham purathirangiya anchaamathe chithramaaya "doctormaarude bharyamaar" wilkan avarude peru upayogichu, athil oru athidhivesham maathram avatharippichenkilum avarkk mikacha billing undaayirunnu. 1973ll shamazil burt reynoldsinoppam kaaman abhinayikkukayum 'dhaa laast oof sheela' enna chithratthil syoo mengezhsine adisthaanamaakkiyulla oru ejantaayi abhinayikkukayum naashanal association oof thiyettar oonezhsu aaa varshathe vanita thaaramaayi thiranjedukkappedukayum cheythu. 1974-ll, "child under eiii leaf" enna chithratthil niroopaka prashamsa nediya avar harvy kaitalinoppam televisionu vendi nirmmicha "virgenia hill" enna chithratthil abhinayichu. ithinethudarnnu feature sinimakalil abhinayikkunnathil ninnu avar naalu varshathe vittunilpp sweekarichu. 1970 kalude madhyathil laas vegasile seaserinte kottaaratthilum haarayude thadaakamaaya tahoilum peeranki swantham sangeetha steju aaktil abhinayichu. thudarnnu avar american philim instittyoottile vanita samvidaana varkshoppil chernnu. peeranki nirmmikkukayum samvidaanam cheyyukayum ezhuthukayum edittu cheyyukayum cheytha "nambar vann" (1976) enna projakttinaayi mikacha hraswachithram, live aakshan vibhaagathil naamanirddesham cheyyappetta aadyathe ooskaar naamanirddesham cheyyappetta nadiyaayi avar maari. kaumaarapraayakkaarude laingika kauthukathekkurichulla kathayaayirunnu athu. 1978ll peeranki "pink paantharinte prathikara" thil saha-abhinayichu. athe varsham thanne, "heven qaan veytt" enna chithratthil avar prathyakshappedukayum athinu mattoru ooskaar naamanirddesham labikkukayum mikacha sahanadikkulla golden globe award nedukayum cheythu. 1976-ll, athinte aadya seasonil avar "saattarde naitt live" aathidheyathvam vahikkukayum 1979-ll "dhii mappett shhow" yude naalam seasonil athidhi veshathil abhinayikkukayum cheythu. saali staanfordinte jeevithathe naadakeeyamaakkunna "lady oof dhii house" (1978) enna television sinimayil annathe kaamukanaaya armand assantinoppam avar abhinayichu. 1980kalude thudakkathil, gayakan gaanarachayithaavumaaya peeranki, villi nelsoninoppam "honeysuckle rooss" (1980), "koost tuu koost" (1980), roobert blakinoppam "rachayithaav! ezhuthukaaran!"(1982) alle pasinoykkoppam, maikkal keyne, christopher reeve ennivarodoppam sidney lumettinte" "deth trap" "(1982)". having ittu ool" (1982) enna television chithratthilum "maasttar oof dhaa geyim" (1984) enna miniseereesilum avar abhinayichu, thudarnnu "jennis vaar" (1985) enna chithratthil taittil roll cheythu. disnicayi 'roock' enn 'roll moom' (1988) nirmmicha sesham, cadishack II (1988) enna chithratthil oru koottam abhinethaakkalodoppam avar prathyakshappettu. koodaathe, brunda rassalinoppam chaka khaante aalbamaaya "dhii vuman aii aam" enna taittil trackinte saha-rachayithaavaayirunnu avar. chalachithra vyavasaayathin nalkia sambhaavanakalkk, 1983 ll 6608 hollywood boulivaardil sthithi cheiyunna oru chalachithra thaaravumaayi hollywood vaakk oof faimilake peeranki ulppeduthi. dhii end oof immenisity" (1990) enna ardha-aathmakathaaparamaaya chithratthil peeranki rachana samvidaanavum abhinayavum nadatthi. pinneedu avar "jailbirds" (1991) enna chithratthilum "chrismus inn connecticut" (1992) enna chithratthilum kriss christopherson, tonny curtis ennivarkkoppam prathyakshappettu, athil randaamathethu arnold schwarzenegger samvidaanam cheythu, "bob & karol & tedu & alis" enna chithratthiloode "dhaa achaar" (1993) enna chithrathinaayi pooll masurskiyumaayi veendum onnikkunnathin munbu, daani ayelloykkoppam. janapriya television shokalilum 'dhaa practies' lum athidhi veshangal undaayirunna peerankikku 'alai mcbeal' ennathil ardha-pathivaayirunnu. 1997-ll avar moonnu pradhana studiyo chalachithra releasukalil prathyakshappettu joou peskiyotoppam "8 heads inn eiii duffle bagg"; "dhaa daann kyaatt"-nte remake; walter maattau, jacq lemmon ennivarodoppam "outtu tuu zee". aaa varsham, avar saaraa maikkal gellarinoppam "beverley hills famili robinson" enna television sinimayil pravarthichu. 2001lum 2002lum "three sistezhs" enna television parambarayil avar pathivayi pankedutthirunnu. 2005-ll, avarude inaye nashtappetta prayamaaya floridianmaarekkurichu oru chithramaaya "booyintan beach clubble" avar prathyakshappettu; peerankiyude yadhaartha jeevita muun maikkal noori avalude pranaya thaalpparyathe avatharippichu. avarude pilkkala veshangalil holmarkinaayulla "eiii kiss attu midnite" (2008), loraine bracoic penni marshalinumoppam "vuman vithoutt menn" (2010) enniva ulppedunnu. unleased" (2010) enna mattoru hraswachithram avar ezhuthukayum samvidaanam cheyyukayum cheythu. screenil ninnulla oru edavelaykku sesham, kuthirasavaari prameyamaakkiya kudumba chithramaaya "hoops legazy" (2021) yill avar abhinayichu. 2011 octoberil peeranki "priya kaari mye life vithu kaari graant" enna ormmakkurippu prasidheekarichu. 1986 ll swiftti lazar thante antharicha muun bharthaavinekkurichu ezhuthaan avare sameepichu, "dasalakshakkanakkinu" ennu nirasikkukayum kurachu varshangalkk sesham jackvillin kennidi onaasisil ninnulla mattoru prasidheekarana vaagdaanam nirasikkukayum cheythu. 2022 augustil nirmmaanam aarambikkukayum aii. tii. viyil sampreshanam cheyyukayum cheiyunna "aarchi" enna pusthakatthe adisthaanamaakkiyulla naalu bhaagangalulla oru miniseereesinte executive nirmmathaavaayi peeranki pravartthikkunnu. vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam. 1961-ll, peeranki thannekkaal 33 vayass mootha nadan kaari graantumaayi dating aarambhichu. 1965 juulai 22nuu avar vivahitharaayi, avarkk jennifer enna oru makalundaayirunnu. 1967 septambaril vivaahamochanathinaayi phayal cheytha peeranki 1968 march 21 nuu anthimaroopam nalki. 1985 epril 18nuu riyal estettu nikshepakanaaya staanli fimbergumaayi peeranki randaam vivaham kazhichu. 1991ll avar vivaahamochanam nedi. 1978 muthal 1979 vare peerankiyum aayudhadhaariyum pothusthalathu sthirathayulla oru inamaayirunnu. haasyanadan mort sahal, nirmmaathaav murey shosttak, taalant ejantu roonn weisner, shilpi kaal hartman, samvidaayakar haal ashbi, jerry shattsberg, abhinethaakkalaaya hye chase, roonn elii, maikkal noori ennivarumaayum avar bandhappettittund. avar nooriyumaayi souhrudathilaayirikkukayum avarude verpiriyalinu ekadesham 40 varshathinu sesham oru premiyarilekku addehathe anugamikkukayum cheiyunnu. 1972-ll, avar primal therappiyil earppettirikkukayaanne peeranki velippeduthi. loss enchals lekkezhsinte aaraadhakayaaya avar niravadhi pathittaandukalaayi lakers geyimukalil pankedutthittundu. aval veendum janicha kristhyaaniyaanu.

diane tof diane cannon (janmasamil diane freesen, 4 janewari 1937) hii eka american abhinetri, chitrapat nirmati aanee sampadak aahe. tichya puraskaranmadhye eka sattern puraskar, eka golden globe puraskar, teen akadami puraskar namankane aanee hollywood walk auph femvareel eka taara yancha samavesh aahe. 1973 madhye national association auph theater onars aanee 1979 madhye hollywood mahila press clubney teela varshatil sarvottam mahila starr mhanoon ghoshit kele. miss west ciatal hii padvi dharan karnari majee saundarya ranee, tofane 1958 madhye durchitravanivar padarpan kele. pudhchya dashakat, broadway aanee bii-chitrapatanmadhye adhunmadhun distana tee episodic karyakramanmadhye eka samanya drushya bunley. 1969 madhye, bobb andd caroll andd teed andd ellis yaa seeks comedy chitrapatat tichi yashasvi bhoomika hotee, jyasathi teela sarvotkrusht sahayyak abhinetrichya akadami puraskarasathi namankan midale hote. heven cann weit' (1978) yaa chitrapatasathi punha tyaa shreneet tofala namankan midale, jyamule teela sarvotkrusht sahayyak abhinetri-chitrapatasathi golden globe puraskar midala aanee 'ess good friends' (1971) yaa chitrapatatil tichya mukhya bhoomikesathi teela sarvotkrusht abhinetri-chitrapat natkasathi golden globe puraskarasathi namankan midale. number vann' (1976) chya nirmati mhanoon teela sarvotkrusht thet krutee laghupatasathi akadami puraskarasathi namankan midale, jyamule cameasmore aanee mage donhi thikani auskar namankane midavanari tee pahili mahila tharali. daad love machine' (1971), 'shamas' (1973), 'daad last auph sheela' (1973), 'child under aaa leaf' (1974), 'revenge auph daad pink panther' (1978), 'honeyscal gulab' (1980), 'coast too coast' (1980), 'dethtrap' (1982), 'lekhak! lekhak!"(1982)," "cadishack II" "(1988)," "8 heads inn aaa duffell bagg" "(1997)," "out too see" "(1997) aanee" "boynton beach club" "(2005)". cannon' neey 1990 chya ardh-aatmacharitratmak 'daad end auph anacitancy' yaa chitrapatatun digdarshanat padarpan kele, jyat tine lekhan aanee abhinayahi keela. 1997 teey 2000 yaa kalat tine 'alay mcbeal' yaa kayadeshir maliket varanvar bhoomika sakarli. tichi karkird suru honyapurvi, teen varshe carrie grantshee tofane lagn kele aanee tyane tyachya ekulatya eka mulala, mulgi geniferla janm deela. 1968 madhye tyanchya ghatasfotanantar yaa lagnavar charcha karnyas anichha darshavat, 1986 madhye grantchya mrutyunantar tofane prakashan saude nakarle. tiche sansmaran 'dier carrie' (2011) newyork times best seller banale. 2022 madhye, heey pustak tof karyakari nirmitisah aay. tii. vhee. sathee laghuprakarat rupantarit kele jaeel ashee ghoshana karnyat aalee. prarambhik jeevan. cannoncha janm 4 janewari 1937 roji washingtonmadhil tachoma yethe jhaala, tee gruhini clair ("nee" portnoy) aanee jeevan vima vikreta baine freesen yanchi mulgi hotee. tee tichya ashkenazi jyoo aaichya jyoo dharmat vadhali hotee, jee yukrenmadhun sthalantarit jhaali hotee; tiche vadil canadian menonite vanshache anabaptist hote. ticha dhakata bhau jazz sangitkar david freesen aahe. tofanni west ciatal highschoolmadhye shikshan ghetale aanee 1954 madhye miss west ciatalcha mukut paridhan keela. tine washington vidyapithat adich varshe ghalavali. 1957 madhye, tof mahavidhyalayatun baher padali aanee tichi mavashi salisobat phoenix, arizona yethe rahayala gelee, jithe tine merrill linch andd companymadhye nokri ghetali. eka pravasi udhyogpatichya premamule, ticha sakharpuda jhaala aanee tee losses angelisla tichya mangetarchya mage gelee. teey lavkarach vegale jhaale, parantu tine tyaa bhagat rahanyacha aanee yuu. see. ell. aii. madhye navanondani karnyacha nirnay ghetala. anshakalik modelingchya nokarimule nirmata jairie waldchi mulakhat jhaali, jyane teela tiche aadnav badaloon tof asey suchavale. tine 'leesa gearls' yaa chitrapatachya pracharasathi kaam karat emm. jee. emm. shhee karar keela aanee abhinay shikshak sanford mesner yanchyasobat shikshan ghetale. karkird. tofane 1960 madhye 'daad ries andd phaul auph legg diamond' yaa chitrapatatun chitrapatsrushtit padarpan kele; tee 1950 chya dashakachya uttaradhapasun durchitravanivar disali hotee, jyat 1959 chya bhagamadhye 'lady luck' madhye merrie lovri mhanoon 'batt masterson' varr atithi bhoomika aanee punha 1961 chya bhagamadhye 'daad price auph paradise' madhye diane jansen mhanoon disali hotee. tee 1959 madhye see. bii. ess. chya 'inn episode 52, vanishing ect' madhye 'nikol macready' mhanoon disali. yaa sumaras, tee donn durant abhineet see. bii. ess. western 'johnny ringo' varr aanee aii. bii. see. varr jacq lordschya western 'stoney berk' varr hotee. 1961 madhye tracy steel, robbert conrad aanee coney stevens yanchya viruddha tee diane cannon heey naav vaparoon 'hawaiyan aay' varr dekhil disali. 1962 madhye, 'daad funn couples' madhye jaine fonda aanee bradford dillman yanchyasobat broadwaver tof disali. tyanantar 'kharokhar prayatna naan karata vyavasayat kase yashasvi vhave' yaa sangitmay sangitachi rashtriy paryatan company aalee, jyamadhye tine rosemary vajavali. 1964 madhye tine 'gunsmoke' madhye atithi mhanoon kaam kele, jyat tine 'ivy norton' chee bhoomika sakarli, jee eka shoshit mulgi aahe jee 'aanti theede' (ess10eae13) yaa bhagamadhye tichyavar prem karananya vyaktishi lagn karoo pahate. 1964 chya see. bii. ess. natak malika 'daad reporter' chya 'daad mann behind daad mann' yaa bhagamadhye tine moona eliotchi bhoomika sakarli. tine '77 sunset strip', 'daad achhut', 1960 chya pahilya syndicated western malikechya 'sherief auph daad tauun' yaa bhagamadhye atithi bhoomika sakarlya, jyat walter coy haah watter mhanoon aanee 1962 chya 'ripcard' chya bhagamadhye 'daad helicopter race' haah ripcard ink mhanoon hota.'sachiv aanee receptionist marrian heins. daad murder game' (1965) yaa chitrapatat tichi aanakhi eka bhoomika hotee, tyanantar tine chaar varshe sutty ghetali. 1969 chya 'bobb andd caroll andd teed andd ellis' madhye tofanchi pahili pramukh chitrapat bhoomika aalee, jyamule teela akadami puraskar aanee golden globe namankane midali. 1971 madhye tine chaar chitrapatanmadhye kaam keleh jackwellin susanchya kadambaritil 'daad love machine'; seane connory aanee khristofar walcan yanchyasobat 'daad anderson tape'; jeane-paul belmondo aanee omer sharif yanchyasobat 'daad berger'; aanee oto premingerchya 'asha changlya mitra', jyasathi teela sarvotkrusht abhinetrisathi golden globe namankan midale. tyaa varshi 'doctoranchya bayka' yaa pachvya pradarshanasathi tiche naav vaparale gele, jyamadhye tine keval eka chhoti bhoomika karoonahi teela sarvadhik kimmat dilee hotee. 1973 madhye, tofane 'shamas' madhye bert reynoldssobat kaam kele aanee 'daad last auph sheela' madhye suu mengersver aadharit agentchi bhoomika sakarli aanee national association auph theater onarsane teela 'women starr auph daad ear' mhanoon namankit kele. 1974 madhye, tine 'child under aaa leaf' madhye samikshakanchi prashansa midavaleli kamgiri kelee aanee harvey kitelsobat durdarshansathi banavalelya 'virginia hiill' yaa chitrapatat kaam kele. tyanantar tine chaar varshe chitrapatanmadhye abhinayapasun door rahile. 1970 chya dashakachya madhyat laas vegasmadhil seasurechya rajvadyat aanee harrahchya lake tahoimadhye tofane tichya swatachya sangitmay rangbhumichya abhinayat kaam kele. tyanantar tine american philm institutechya mahila digdarshanachya karyashalet pravesh ghetala. number vann' (1976) yaa prakalpasathi sarvotkrusht laghupat, thet krutee shrenimadhye namankit honari tee pahili auskar-namankit abhinetri tharali, jyaa prakalpachi nirmiti, digdarshan, lekhan aanee sampadan kele gele. hii kishoravayin laingik jidnyasechi katha hotee. 1978 madhye, tofane 'gulabi bibatyacha badala' madhye saha-abhinay keela. tyach varshi, tee 'swarg pratiksha karoo shakate' madhye disali, jyasathi teela aanakhi eka auskar namankan midale aanee sarvotkrusht sahayyak abhinetricha golden globe puraskar jinkla. 1976 madhye, tine tyachya pahilya hangamat 'satterday nite live' chey sutrasanchalan kele aanee 1979 madhye 'daad muppet shhow' chya chauthya hangamat tine atithi mhanoon kaam kele. tine sally stanfordchya jivanache natyamay chitran asalelya 'lady auph daad haus' (1978) yaa durchitravani chitrapatat tatkalin priyakar armond ascentsobat saha-abhinay keela. 1980 chya dashakachya suruvatila, tof, jee eka gayika/gitkar dekhil aahe, tee viilii nelsansobat 'honeyscal rose' (1980) madhye disali, 'coast too coast' (1980) madhye robbert blakesobat, 'lekhak! lekhak!"(1982) all pacinosobat aanee sidney lumetcha" "dethtrap" "(1982) michael qeena aanee christopher reve yanchyasobat". tine 'having iit aul' (1982) yaa durchitravani chitrapatat tasech 'master auph daad game' (1984) yaa laghupatamadhye kaam kele, tyanantar 'jenij warr' (1985) madhye shirshak bhoomika sakarli. disneysathi 'rock' aine 'roll momm' (1988) banavalyanantar, tee 'cadishack II' (1988) madhye eka kalakaranchya samoohasah disali. yavyatirikt, tine brenda raselsobat chaka khanchya 'daad women aay emm' yaa dhvanimudrikesathi shirshak gaane saha-lihile. chitrapat udhyogatil tichya yogdanasathi, 1983 madhye 6608 hollywood bullward yethe sthit motion pictures stars cannoncha hollywood walk auph femmadhye samavesh karnyat aala. daad end auph anacitancy' (1990) yaa ardh-aatmacharitratmak chitrapatat tofane lekhan, digdarshan aanee abhinay keela. tyanantar tee 'gelbirds' (1991) madhye philicia rashad aanee 'khris christopherson aanee toney curtis' sobat 'kanektikatmadhil khrismas' (1992) madhye disali, jyapaiki nantarcha chitrapat arnold schwarzenegger digdarshit keela hota, tyanantar bobb andd caroll andd teed andd elisache digdarshak paul mazarsky yanchyasobat 'daad lonache' (1993) sathee punha ekatra yenyapurvi, danny ielosobat. lokpriy durchitravani karyakramanmadhye 'aanee' sarav 'madhye tofanchya atithi bhoomika hotya, tasech' alay mcbeal 'varr ardh-niyamit hotya. 1997 madhye tee studiomadhye pradarshit jhalelya teen pramukh chitrapatanmadhye disu shakalih joou peskisobat '8 heads inn aaa duffell bagg'; 'daad darn catt' chee punarnirmiti; aanee walter mathou aanee jacq lehmann yanchyasobat 'out too see'. tyach varshi tine saara michel gellersobat 'beverley hills family robbinson' yaa durchitravani chitrapatat kaam kele. 2001 aanee 2002 madhye tine 'three cysters' yaa durchitravani maliket niyamit bhag ghetala hota. 2005 madhye, tee "boynton beach club" yaa chitrapatat disali, jyat alikadech aapale jodidar gamavalelya vruddha floridiansabaddalcha eka chitrapat aahe; tofanchya vastavik jivanatil majee michael noorine tichya premprakaranat bhoomika sakarli. tichya nantarchya bhoomikanmadhye hallmarksathi 'aaa kiss ett midnite' (2008) aanee lauren braco aanee penny marshels 'women vidaut maine' (2010) yaa 'uneared pilot' chaa samavesh hota. tine 'unleased' (2010) haah aanakhi eka laghupat lihila aanee digdarshit keela. padadyavarun kahee kaal vishranti ghetalyanantar tine 'hopes legacy' (2021) yaa ashwarohan sankalpanevar aadharit kautumbik chitrapatat kaam kele. aktoobar 2011 madhye, 'priy carrie maay life with carrie grant' heey eka sansmaran cannonne prakashit kele. 1986 madhye swifty lazarne tichya divangat majee patibaddal lihinyasathi tichyashi sampark sadhala hota, 'lakho' nakarle aanee kahee varshannantar jackwellin kenedi onasiskadun aanakhi eka prakashan prastav nakarla, jyat mhatale hote qee ajunahi barey hone aavashyak aahe. archie' yaa tichya pustakavar aadharit chaar bhaganchya laghupat malikeche karyakari nirmate mhanoon tof kaam karate, jyache utpadan august 2022 madhye suru jhaale aanee tee aay. tii. vhee. varr prasarit hoil. vaiyaktik jeevan. 1961 madhye, tofane tichyapeksha 33 varshanni mothee asalelya carrie grant yaa abhinetyala dett karnyas suruvat kelee. 22 julai 1965 roji tyanni lagn kele aanee tyanna jennifer navachi eka mulgi hotee. september 1967 madhye ghatasfotasathi tof dakhal karnyat aalee aanee 21 march 1968 roji tee antim karnyat aalee. 18 april 1985 roji tofane sthavar malmatta guntavanukdar stanly fimbergshee dusyanda lagn kele. 1991 madhye tyancha ghatasfot jhaala. 1978 teey 1979 paryant, tof aanee shastrastra ascent hii sarvajanikaritya sthir vastoo hotee. comedian mort sahel, nirmata murre shostak, talent agent ronn weisner aanee shilpkar carl hartman, tasech digdarshak hall eshbi aanee jairie scatzberg aanee abhinete hye chages, ronn ellie aanee michael noori yanchyasobatahi tiche sambandh rahile aahet. tee noorishi maitripurna rahate aanee tyanchya breakupnanter sumare 40 varshanni tichyabarobar premiyarmadhye gelee. 1972 madhye, tofa ughad jhaali qee tee prathamik upcharpaddhatit guntaleli aahe. tee losses angelis lakerschee chahati aahe aanee anek dashakanpasun lakerschya khelanna upasthit rahili aahe. tee punha janmaleli khrishchan aahe.

danne tope danne cannon (janmanam samil diane frysen, januari 4,1937) jane americae abhinetri, chalachitra nirmata ebong sampadaka. tankara puraskara madhyare eka sattern puraskara, eka golden globe puraskara, tinoti ekademy puraskara namankana ebong hollywood waaka off phemare jane tarka antarbhukta . | theatre malikamananka jatiah sangha ebong ebong hollywood mahila press club dwara tanku barshar mahila tarka bhabare namit karajaithila. jane purbatana saundarjya raanee jie miss westa sittle upadhi dhaaran karithile, cannon 1958 ray telivijanare debyu karithile. parabarti dashandhi madhyare, shay belebele broadway ebong bii-chalachitrare upasthita thibabele episodic shore eka sadharana drushya palati jaithile . 1969 ray, shay sex kamedi "bub anded caroll anded ted anded alice" ray tankara saphala chalachitra bhumika paithile, jeunthipain shay shrestha sahajaka abhinetri paain ekademy puraskara paain manoneet hoithile. swarga apekhya karipariba "(1978) paain cannon puni sehi bargare manoneet hoithila, jaahaa tanku shrestha sahajaka abhinetri-chalachitra paain eka subarna globe puraskara arjan karithila, ebong shrestha abhinetri-chalachitra nataka paain eka subarna globe puraskara paain manoneet hoithila. shay "nambara waan" (1976) rahr nirmata bhabare shrestha live axon khudra chalachitra paain eka ekademy puraskara paain manoneet hoithile, jaahaa tanku ubhaja camera samnare ebong pachare askara namankana paibare pratham mahila karithila . anya chalachitra jeunthire cannon pradarshan karichhi segudika madhyare rahichhi "daa labh messin" (1971), "shams" (1973), "daa last off sheela" (1973), "child under aii liff" (1974), "rivenj off daa pink panter" (1978), "honeyscal rose" (1980), "coast tuu coast" (1980), "death trap" (1982), "lekhaka! lekhaka!"(1982)," "cadishack "cadishack "(1988)," "8 heads inn aii doffel byaga" "(1997)," "out tuu sii" "(1997), ebong" "boenton bitch club" "(2005). cannon 1990 rahr ardha-atmajibani nataka "daa end off innoness" sahita tankara fitcher nirdeshana arambha karithile, jeunthire shay madhya lekhithile ebong abhinai karithile . 1997 ru 2000 parjyanta shay aaingata sirij "aali mcbill" ray eka punarabrutta bhumika grahan karithile. carrier arambha heba purbaru, cannon tini barsha paain kaari grantanku bibaha karithila ebong tankara ekamatra santan, jhia jenipharnku janma deithila. 1968 masihare semananka chadapatra paratharu bibaha bishajare alochana karibaku anichhuka, 1986 masihare anudananka mrutyu parey tope prakashan dill pratyakhyana karithila. taanka smrutikatha "dier kaari" (2011) nyujarka timeser sarbashrestha bikrai hoithila. 2022 ray, ehaa ghoshana karajaithila je ehi pustakaku tope karjyanirbahee utpadana sahita aitibhi paain eka minisirijare rupantarita karajiba . prarambhika zeeban. cannon 1937 masiha januari 4 tarikhare washingtonara takomathare janmagrahana karithile, shay gruhinee clair ("nee" portnai) ebong zeeban beema selsman bayne frijennka jhia thile. shay taanka ashkenazi ihudi maanka ihudi biswasare badhithile, jieki ukraine ru jane prabasi thile; taanka pita canadia menonite banshara anabaptist thile . taanka saana bhai heuchhanti jaz sangeetagya devida freesen. cannon westa ciatal haiskulare adhyajana karithila ebong 1954 ray miss westa ceatle mukut pindhithila. shay washington biswabidyalajare adhei barsha bitaithile . 1957 masihare, cannon college chadideithila ebong aarijonasthita phinixre taanka mausi salinka saha rahibaku jaithila, jeunthare shay maryl linch anded coe 'ray chakiri karithile. jane bhraman byabasajeenka dwara premare padi, shay nirbandha karithile ebong taanka bagadattanku anusarana curry lus angeless jaithile. semane shighra alga hoigale, kintu shay sehi anchalare rahibaku ebong jayu. sii. ell. aii. ray naama lekhaibaku nishpatti nele. eka part-time madeling chakiri nirmata jairie waldnka saha eka sakhyatakarara kaaran hoithila, jie tanku taanka shesh naamaku cannon ray paribartana karibaku paramarsha deithile. shay 'less gearls' chalachitrara prachara karjya curry emm. jii. emm. sahita chuktibaddha hoithile ebong abhinai sikhyaka sanford meisonaranka saha adhyajana karithile. kyariyara. 1960 masihare 'daa rises anded fall off leggs diamond "ray cannon tankara chalachitra debyu karithile; shay 1950 dashkar sheshabhagaru telivijanare abhinai karithile, jeunthire 1959 episode" ledi lock "ray merrie lori bhabare" batt masterson "ray atithi abhinai karithile ebong puni 1961 episodare" daa prices off paradice "ray diane janson bhabare abhinai karithile. shay 1959 ray cbs ray, "episode 52 ray", "wanishing act", nicole macready bhabare upasthita hoithile. ehi samajare, shay cbs westarna "janii ringo" ray thile, jeunthire donn durant abhinai karithile, ebong ebisire jack lardasnka westarna "stoney berk" ray thile. 1961 masihare shay tracy still, robert kanrad ebong coney stivensanka bipakhyare taanka naama diane cannon byabahara curry "hawaijana aai" ray madhya upasthita hoithile. 1962 masihare, 'daa myana couple' ray jaine phonda ebong bradford dilamyananka saha bradawere tope dekhajaithila. ehaa parey jatiah parjyatan company asithila, jeunthire "prakrutare chesta nakari byabasajare kipari saphala hebe", jeunthire shay rosemary bajaithile. 1964 masihare shay 'gonsmoke' ray atithi bhumikare abhinai karithile, jeunthire shay 'aaivi norton' bhumikare abhinai karithile, jane nirjatita jhia jie shay "anty thede" thede" episodare bhal pauthiba byaktinku bibaha karibaku chahunthile. shay 1964 cbs drama sirij "dee reporter" rahr "dee myan behind dee myan" episodare monah eliot charitrare abhinai karithile. shay "77 sunset strip", "daa asprushya", pratham-runn syndicated westarna sirij "tuu faces westa" rahr 1960 episode "saharar sherif" ray atithi bhumikare abhinai karithile, jeunthire walter koe couter bhabare ebong 1962 "ripcord" episode "helicopter rays" ripcord inak bhabare .'taanka sachiba ebong recepsist marian heins. daa murder game" (1965) chalachitrare tankara aau eka bhumika thila, taa 'parey shay chaari barsha chhuti neithile. cannon rahr pratham pramukh chalachitra bhumika 1969 rahr "bub & caroll & ted & alice" ray asithila, jaahaa tanku ekademy puraskara ebong golden globe namankana arjan karithila . 1971 masihare shay charoti chalachitrare abhinai karithileh jackelin susannka upanyasaru "daa labh messin"; sinh kaneri ebong christopher wakennka saha "daa anderson tape"; zin-pull belmondo ebong omer sariphnka saha "daa berglers"; ebong otto primingaranka "ehipari bhal bandhu", jeunthipain shay shrestha abhinetri paain eka subarna globe namankana paithile. sehi barsha pancham muktilabha, "daktaranka patni" ku bajaraku aaniba paain taanka naama byabahruta hoithila, jeunthire kebala eka cameo upasthiti satwe shay shirsha biling karithile . 1973 masihare, cannon 'shams' ray bert reynoldsnka bipakhyare abhinai karithile ebong 'daa last off shela' ray suu mengarsanka upare aadharita eka agent bhumikare abhinai karithile, ebong theatre malikamananka jatiah sangha dwara barshar mahila starr bhabare manoneet hoithile. 1974 masihare, shay "child under aii liff" ray samalochakamananka dwara prashansita abhinai karithile ebong tibhi paain nirmita chalachitra "bharjinia hill" ray harbhe keitelnka saha abhinai karithile. ehaa parey shay fitcher chalachitrare abhinajaru chaari barsha anupasthita rahithile. 1970 dashkar madhyabhagare, cannon lasses bhegas ebong harrar hrada taahore sijaranka prasadare nijara sangeeta mancha abhinajare abhinai karithile. ehapare shay americae film institutra mahila nirdeshana karmasalare naama lekhaithile. shay pratham askara manoneet abhinetri hoithile jieki "nambara waan" (1976) paain shrestha khudra chalachitra, live axon bargare manoneet hoithile, eka prakalpa jaahaa cannon nirmana, nirdeshana, lekhiba ebong sampadana karithila . ehaa kishore jouna kautoohalara eka kahani thila. 1978 masihare, 'rivenja off daa pink pyanthar' ray cannon saha-abhinai karithila. sehi barsha, shay "swarga apekhya karipariba" ray abhinai karithile, jeunthipain shay aau eka askara namankana paithile ebong shrestha sahajaka abhinetri bhabare eka golden globe puraskara jitithile. 1976 masihare, shay ehara pratham sijin samajare "shanibara raati live" ku host karithile ebong shay 1979 ray "daa muppet shoe" rahr chaturtha sijinare atithi abhinai karithile. shay tatkaleena premika armond aasentanka saha tibhi chalachitra "ledi off daa houses" (1978) ray saha-abhinai karithile, jaahaa sally stanafordanka jeebner eka natakijata . 1980 dashkar prarambhare, cannon, jie kii jane gajaka/geetikara madhya, wili nelsananka saha "honeyscal rose" (1980) ray, "coast tuu coast" (1980) ray robert bleknka saha, "lekhaka! lekhaka!"(1982) all pasinonka saha, ebong sidney lumetnka" "death trap" "(1982) michael caine ebong christopher ribhnka saha . shay tibhi chalachitra 'hyading eat all' (1982) sahita eka mini sirij, 'master off dee game' (1984) ray abhinai karithile, taa 'parey' jenij waar '(1985) ray title bhumika grahan karithile. disney paain 'rock' enn 'roll mumm' (1988) tiari kariba parey, shay 'cadishack II' (1988) ray eka dala sahita abhinai karithile. ehaa byatita, shay brenda raselanka saha chuck khannka album "daa wimen aai aam" paain title track saha-lekhithile. chalachitra jagatare tankara abdan paain, cannon 1983 ray 6608 hollywood bulewardre abasthita eka mosana picture staranka sahita hollywood waaka off phemare antarbhukta hoithila . cannon ardha-atmajibani chalachitra "daa end off innonesis" (1990) ray lekhithile, nirdeshana deithile ebong abhinai karithile. parabarti samajare shay 'jailbirds' (1991) ray philicia rashad ebong 'christmas inn connecticut' (1992) ray criss christopherson ebong tonny kartisanka bipakhyare abhinai karithile, jahara parabarteeti arnold swarjanegaranka dwara nirdeshita hoithila, ebong 'bub & caroll & ted & alice' rahr nirdeshaka pull majarskinka saha 'daa achar' (1993) paain daani aailonka saha punah milana purbaru. lokpriya television shoe "ebong" abhyasa "ray tope atithi bhumika grahan karithila, ebong" aali mcbill "ray ardha-nijamita thila . 1997 ray tanku tinoti pramukh studio chalachitra muktilabhare dekhajaithilah joe peskinka saha "8 heads inn aii doffel bagg"; "daa darn catt" rahr remake; ebong walter myathou ebong jack lemanka saha "out tuu sii" . sehi barsha madhya shay saaraa mishel gelaranka saha tibhi chalachitra "bebharli hills paribara robbinson" ray kaama karithile. 2001 ebong 2002 ray, shay tibhi sirij "tini bhaunee" ray nijamita bhabare ansha grahan karithile . 2005 ray, shay "boenton belabhumi club" ray abhinai karithile, eka chalachitra jaahaa bayaska floridianka bishajare, jeunmane nikatare semanankara jeebanasatheenku haraichhanti; cannon rahr bastaba jeebner purbatana michael norry taanka prem agraha abhinai karithile . tankara parabarti bhumika madhyare hallmark paain "aaa chumban aut midi night" (2008) ebong lauren bracco ebong peni marshalanka saha 'uimen widout maine "(2010) antarbhukta thila. shay aau eka khudra chalachitra 'unlished "(2010) lekhithile ebong nirdeshana deithile. paradaru kichhi samai birati neba parey, shay ashwarohi bishajabastu aadharita paribarika chalachitra "hope 'shh ligesi" (2021) ray abhinai karithile. cannon october 2011 ray "priya kyarih carrie grant sahita more zeeban" namaka eka smrutikatha prakash karithila. purbaru swiphti lazar tanku 1986 ray taanka swargata purbatana swameenka bishajare lekhiba paain jogajoga karithile, "lakhya lakhya" ku pratyakhyana karithile, ebong kichhi barsha parey jackelin kenedi onasisnkatharu anya eka prakashan prastabaku pratyakhyana karithile, ehaa kahi je ahuri aarogya hebara abashyakata achhi . cannon taanka pustaka 'archie' upare aadharita eka chaari-bhaga bisista khudra dharabahikara karjyanirbahee nirmata bhabare karjya kare, jaahaa august 2022 ray utpadana arambha karithila ebong aai. tii. bhi. ray prasarita heba . byaktigata zeeban. 1961 masihare, cannon taanka thaaru 33 barsha budd abhineta carrie grantanka saha deting arambha karithile. semane july 22,1965 ray bibaha karithile ebong semanankara jennifer namaka eka jhia thila. 1967 masiha september maasare tope dwara chadapatra paain abedan karajaithila ebong 1968 masiha march 21 tarikhare ehaaku chudanta karajaithila. tope dwiteeja thara paain april 18,1985 ray real estate nibeshaka stanly fimberganku bibaha karithila. karithila। semane bibaha bichheda karithile. 1978 ru 1979 parjyanta, tope ebong armand ascent sarbasadharanare eka sthira jinish thila . shay hasya abhineta mort sahl, nirmata murre shostock, pratibha agent runn wesnara ebong shilpi carle hartman, nirdeshaka hull aashwi ebong jairie skatzberg ebong abhineta haai chaze, runn elie ebong michael noreenka saha madhya samparkare achanti. shay noreenka saha bandhutwapurna ruhanti ebong semananka breakup hebara praiah 40 barsha parey eka primijarare taanka sahita jaithile. 1972 masihare, tope prakash kallah je shay primal therapire nijojita thile. shay lus angeless lekarmanankara jane prashansaka ebong aneka dashandhi dhari laker gamesray joga deichhanti. shay jane punarbara janmita khristian.

diane tope diane cannon (janam sameel diane freezen, 4 janwari, 1937) ikk amriki abhinetri, film nirmata atey sampadak haii. uss deeaan parshansa witch ikk shanivar puraskar, ikk golden globe puraskar, tinn academy puraskar namzadgian atey hollywod vaak aaf fame utte ikk starr shamal hunn. uss noon 1973 witch theatre malkan dee rashtari association atey 1979 witch hollywod mahila presses club duaara saal dee mahila starr daa naam ditta giaa see. ikk sabka sundarta raanee jiss neey miss west seatle daa khitaab aapne naam keeta see, cannon neey 1958 witch aapni television dee shuruat keeti. agle dahake witch, uh episodic shoa witch ikk aam drish bann gaee jadon kii kadey-kadayin broadway atey bee-filman witch dikhai dindi see. sann 1969 witch, uss neey saiks kamedi "baub aind caroll aind taed aind ellis" witch aapni safalta vaali film bhumika nibhai, jiss laee uss noon sarbottam sahaik abhinetri laee academy puraskar laee namzad keeta giaa see. cannon noon uss shreni witch firr toon "swarg udeek qarr sakda haii" (1978) laee namzad keeta giaa see, jiss naal uss noon sarbottam sahaik abhinetri-motion picture laee golden globe puraskar miliaa see, atey uss noon "ajihe change dosat" (1971) witch uss dee mukkh bhumika laee sarbottam abhinetri-motion picture drama laee golden globe puraskar laee namzad keeta giaa see. uss noon "number ikk" (1976) dey nirmata vajon sarbottam live action laghu film laee academy puraskar laee vee namzad keeta giaa see, jiss naal uh cameray dey sahmane atey pichhe aaskar namzadgian prapat curran vaali pahili aurat bann gaee. horr filman jinhan witch tope neey pardarshan keeta haii, unhan witch "dha lava masheen" (1971), "shamas" (1973), "dha lest aaf shela" (1973), "child under aii leaf" (1974), "revenge aaf dha pink panther" (1978), "honeyscal rose" (1980), "coast too coast" (1980), "daith trap" (1982), "lekhak!" shamal hunn. lekhak!"(1982)," "cadishack II" "(1988)," "8 heads inn aii duffle baig" "(1997)," "aaoot too see" "(1997), atey" "bointon beach club" "(2005). tope neey 1990 dey aradh-sway-jeevani drama "nirdoshta daa ant" naal aapne feature nirdeshan dee shuruat keeti, jiss witch usne likhiaa atey abhinai vee keeta. 1997 toon 2000 takk uss neey kanunni ladiwar "sehyogi mcbeal" witch ikk vaar-vaar bhumika nibhai. uss dey carrier dee shuruat toon pahilan, tope daa viaah carrie grant naal tinn saalan laee hoiaa see atey uss neey aapne iklaute bacche, dhee jennifer noon janam ditta. 1968 dey talaak toon baad viaah baare charcha curran toon chijakde hoye, 1986 witch grant dee maut toon baad tope neey parkashan saudiaan noon thukra ditta. uss dee sway-jeevani "piaare carrie" (2011) ikk newyork times baist celler bann gaee. saal 2022 witch, ih ailaan keeta giaa see kii iss pustak noon tope karajkari utpadan dey naal aaee. tii. vee. laee ikk minni seereez witch badliaa javega. mudhla jeevan. tope daa janam 4 janwari, 1937 noon tachoma, washington witch hoiaa see, uh gharelu aurat clair ("nee" portnoy) atey jeevan beema selzman baine freezen dee dhee see. uss daa paalan-poshan uss dee ashkenazi yahudi maan dey yahudi dharam witch hoiaa see, joe ukraine toon ikk parvasi see; uss dey pitaa canadian manonite vansh dey anabeptist sunn. uss daa chhota bharaa jaiz sangeetkar david freezen haii. tope neey pachmi seatle hyee school witch padahi keeti atey 1954 witch miss pachmi seatle daa taaj pahiniaa giaa. usne washington university witch dhaai saal bitaae. sann 1957 witch, tope neey kaalaj chhadd ditta atey aapni maasi saili naal phoenix, arizona witch rahinn laee chalee gaee, jitthe uss neey merril linch aind company witch naukari keeti. ikk yaatra curran vaale vapari duaara piaar keeta giaa, uss neey mangani qarr laee atey aapni mangetar dey naal laas angels noon chalee gaee. uh jaldi hii vakkh hoow gaye, parr usne iss khetar witch rahinn atey yuu. see. aill. aii. witch dakhla lainn daa faisla keeta. paart-time modeling dee naukari neey nirmata jairi wald naal ikk interview keeti, jiss neey sujhaa ditta kii uss neey aapna aakhri naam badal keey tope qarr liaa haii. uss neey film 'lais gerals' dey prachar laee kamm karde hoye aimm. jee. aimm. naal dastkhat keete atey adakari adhiaapak sanford mesner naal padahi keeti. carrier. tope neey 1960 witch "lattan dey heere dey ubhaar atey patan" witch aapni film dee shuruat keeti; uh 1950 dey dahake dey akheer toon television utte dikhai ditti see, jiss witch 1959 dey episode "lady luck" witch mairi lauri dey roop witch "bait masterson" utte ikk mehmann dee bhumika atey firr 1961 dey episode witch "dii price aaf paradise" witch diane johnson dey roop witch ikk mehmann dee bhumika shamal see. uh 1959 witch see. bee. aiss. dey episode 52 witch, gaib hoow rahey acting witch nikol mccready dey roop witch dikhai ditti. iss samein dey aas paas, uh see. bee. aiss. pachmi "johnny ringo" witch see, jiss witch daan durent neey abhinai keeta see, atey aii. bee. see. utte jaik lards dey pachmi "stunny barak" utte see. uh 1961 witch aapne naam diane cannon dee varton karde hoye, trace steel, robbert konrad atey coney stevens dey ulat "havaian aaee" utte vee dikhai ditti. sann 1962 witch, tope "mazedar jode" witch jaine fonda atey bradford dilman naal broadway utte dikhai ditti. iss toon baad sangeet dee rashtari touring company aaee "binan koshish keete carobar witch kiven safal hoow sakda haii", jiss witch usne rosemary khedi. sann 1964 witch uss neey 'gunsmoke' witch mehmann bhumika nibhai, jiss witch uss neey 'iv norton' dee bhumika nibhai, ikk durvivhar vaali dhee jiss noon uh episode 'aint theede' theede' witch piaar kardi haii, naal viaah karna chahundi haii. uss neey 1964 dee cbs drama seereez "dii reporter" dey episode "dii maen behind dha maen" witch mona eliot dee bhumika nibhai. uss neey "77 sunset strip", "achhut", pahili-daud syndicated pachmi luddy dey 1960 episode "shehar dey sheriff" witch mehmann dee bhumika nibhai, jiss witch walter koyi noon cotter vajon atey 1962 dey "ripcard" episode "helicopter races" noon ripcard ink vajon pesh keeta giaa.'sakattar atey receptionist marian hynus. uss neey film 'dha katal game' (1965) witch ikk horr bhumika nibhai see, firr chaar saal dee chhutti lae laee. tope dee pahili vaddi film bhumika 1969 dee "baub aind caroll aind taed aind ellis" witch aaee, jiss neey uss noon academy puraskar atey golden globe namzadgian prapat keetiaan. sann 1971 witch uss neey chaar filman witch kamm keetaau jaikleen susan dey nawal toon "dii lava masheen"; seen connery atey christopher vaakan naal "dii anderson tapes"; jeane-paal belmando atey omer sharif naal "dii choras"; atey otto preminger dey "ajihe change dosat", jiss laee uss noon sarbottam abhinetri laee golden globe namzadgi millie. uss daa naam uss saal panjvin rileez, "doctors wifes" dee marketing laee vartiaa giaa see, jiss witch uss neey siraf ikk cameo peshkari dey bavjood choti dey billing keete sunn. 1973 witch, tope neey "shamas" witch bert reinolds dey naal kamm keeta atey "dha lest aaf shela" witch mukadmebaazaan utte adharat ikk agent dee bhumika nibhai, atey theatre malkan dee rashtari association duaara saal dee mahila starr daa naam ditta giaa. sann 1974 witch, uss neey "child under aii leaf" witch aalochnatmak taur utte parshansayog pardarshan keeta atey haarve catell naal teevi laee bnee film "virginia hill" witch kamm keeta. iss toon baad uss neey feature filman witch kamm curran toon chaar saal dee gairhazari lae laee. tope neey 1970 dey dahake dey maddh dauran laas vegas witch seasure dey mahil atey harra dee jheel taho witch aapni sangeetak stage acting witch abhinai keeta. firr uss neey amriki film sanstha dee mahila nirdeshan workshop witch dakhla liaa. uh "number ikk" (1976) laee sarbottam laghu film, live action shreni witch namzad honn vaali pahili aaskar-namzad abhinetri bann gaee, ikk project jiss daa nirman, nirdeshan, lekhan atey sampadan keeta giaa see. ih kishore jinsi utsukta baare ikk kahani see. 1978 witch, tope neey "gulabi cheete daa badla" witch sahi-abhinai keeta. use saal, uh "swarg udeek qarr sakda haii" witch dikhai ditti, jiss laee uss noon ikk horr aaskar namzadgi millie atey sarbottam sahaik abhinetri laee golden globe puraskar jittiaa. sann 1976 witch, uss neey iss dey pahile season dauran "shanivar raat live" dee mezbani keeti atey uss neey 1979 witch "dha mapet shoa" dey chauthe season witch mehmann vajon kamm keeta. uss neey television film "lady aaf dha haaoos" (1978) witch uss samein dey premi armend ascent naal sahi-abhinai keeta, joe saili stanford dey jeevan daa ikk natkikaran see. 1980 dey dahake dey arambh witch, tope, joe ikk gaeek/geetkar vee haii, villie nelson dey naal "honeyscal rose" (1980) witch dikhai ditti, "coast too coast" (1980) robert blake dey naal, "lekhak! lekhak!"(1982) all pacino naal, atey sidney lumet dee" "daith trap" "(1982) michael caine atey christopher reev naal. uss neey television film 'having itt aal' (1982) dey naal-naal ikk minni seereez, 'maastar aaf dha game' (1984) witch kamm keeta, firr 'jaineez vaar' (1985) witch sirlekh dee bhumika nibhai. disney laee "rock 'ainn' roll maan" (1988) banaun toon baad, uh "cadishack II" (1988) witch ikk kalakar samooh dey naal dikhai ditti. iss toon ilava, uss neey chakka khaan dee album, "dha wooman aaee aim" laee brenda rasel naal sahi-likhiaa. film udyog witch uss dey yogdan laee, tope noon 1983 witch 6608 hollywod bulward vikhe sathit ikk motion picture starr naal hollywod vaak aaf fame witch shamal keeta giaa see. tope neey aradh-sway-jeevani film "dii aind aaf begunahi" (1990) witch likhiaa, nirdeshit keeta atey abhinai keeta. baad witch uh "jailhbirds" (1991) witch philicia rashad atey "criss christopherson atey tonny curtis dey naal" chrismis inn connect "(1992) witch dikhai ditti, jiss vicchon baad vaale daa nirdeshan arnold schwarzenegger neey keeta see, iss toon pahilan kii uh" baub aind caroll aind taed aind ellis "dey nirdeshak paal mazursky naal dubara mill jaave. tope witch prasidh television shoa 'atey' abhiaas 'witch mehmann bhumikavan sunn, naal hii "sehyogi mcbeal" utte aradh-niyamat see. sann 1997 witch uss noon tinn pramukh studio filman witch dekhiaa jaa sakda haiyav joe paisi dey naal "8 heads inn aii duffle baig"; "dha dern catt" daa remake; atey walter maithau atey jaik lemon dey naal "aaoot too see". uss saal vee, uss neey saara michel geller naal television film "beverley hills femily robinson" witch kamm keeta. 2001 atey 2002 witch, uss neey teevi ladiwar "tinn bhainan" witch niyamat hissa liaa see. sann 2005 witch, uh "bointon beach club" witch dikhai ditti, joe kii floridian lokan baare ikk film haii jinhan neey aapne jeevan saathi guaa ditte hunn; tope dey asal jeevan dey sabka michael nauri neey uss dee piaar dee dilchaspi nibhai. uss deeaan baad deeaan bhumikavan witch halmark laee "aaa chashamdid addhi raat noon chumman" (2008) atey lorren braco atey paini marshel naal "aurtan binan purshan" (2010) shamal sunn. uss neey ikk horr laghu, "unleased" (2010) likhi atey nirdeshit keeta. parade toon ikk break toon baad, uss neey ghodswari theem vaali parivarak film "hopes ligesi" (2021) witch kamm keeta. cannon neey aktubar 2011 witch ikk sway-jeevani prakashit keeti, "piaare carria merrie zindagi carrie grant naal". uss noon pahilan 1986 witch aapne marhoom sabka patee baare likhan laee swifty lazar duaara samparak keeta giaa see, "lakkhan" noon thukra ditta giaa see, atey kujh saalan baad jaikleen canady onassis toon ikk horr parkashan dee peshkash noon ih kahinde hoye inkaar qarr ditta see kii ajey vee ilaaj hoow riha see joe honn dee zaroorat see. tope uss dee kitaab 'aarchi' utte adharat ikk chaar-hissiaan vaali minni seereez dey karajkari nirmata vajon kamm kardi haii, jiss daa utpadan agast 2022 witch shuru hoiaa see atey ih aaee. tii. vee. utte prasarit hovegi. nijji jeevan. 1961 witch, tope neey adakar carrie grant naal dating shuru keeti, joe uss toon 33 saal vaddi see. unhan daa viaah 22 julai, 1965 noon hoiaa atey unhan dee ikk dhee, jennifer see. tope neey satambar 1967 witch talaak laee arzi ditti see atey iss noon 21 march, 1968 noon antim roop ditta giaa see. tope neey 18 aprail, 1985 noon real astet niveshak stanly fimberg naal duji vaar viaah keeta. 1991 witch uhanan daa talaak hoow giaa. 1978 toon 1979 takk, topan atey armend ascent jantak taur utte ikk sathir vastu sunn. uh comedian mort sehal, nirmata murre shostak, pratibha agent rone wesner atey murtikar kaaral hartman dey naal-naal nirdeshakan haal aishbi atey jairi shotzberg, atey adakaran hyee chaze, rone ellie atey michael nauri naal vee sabndh rakkhdi rahee haii. uh nauri naal dostana rahindi haii atey unhan dey tuttan toon lagbhag 40 saal baad uss dey naal premiere witch gaee. 1972 witch, tope neey khulasa keeta kii uh primary therapy witch rujhi hoee see. uh laas angels lakers dee parshansak haii atey kaee dahakiaan toon lakers khedan witch hissa lae rahee haii. uh ikk janam-mudd isai haii.

diane-topaha diane kenan (janma saamil dian freesen, 4 janavaree 1937) ekaa amerikiya-abhinetree, chalacchitranirmaatree, sampaadikaa cha asti. tasyaah prashamsaasu saatarn-puraskaarah, golden-globe-puraskaarah, trayah akadami-puraskaar-namankanam, hollywood-vaak-aaf-fame ityasmin ekaha starr cha antarbhavati. 1973 tame varshe rashtriya-natya-maalik-sanghena, 1979 tame varshe hollywood-mahilaa-patrikaa-sanghena cha saa varshasya mahilaa-tarika iti namankita. miss-vest-ciatal iti upaadhim dharayanti poorvasaundarya-raajnee, kenan ityeshaa 1958 tame varshe dooradarshan-kshetre padaarpanam krutavatee. agrime dashake saa broadway-chalacchitreshu cha kadaa kadaa drushyamana, episodic-karyakrameshu samanya-drushyaa abhavat. 1969 tame varshe, saa "baab and karol and tedd and elis" iti yauna-hasya-chalachchitre safalataayaah chalacchitra-paatram akarot, yasya krute saa sarvashreshta-sahaayak-abhinetree iti akadami-puraskaaraay namankita abhavat. kenan punah tasmin shreneeye "hevan kenn vett" (1978) krute naamaankitam abhavat, yena saa sarvashreshta-sahaayak-abhinetree-motion picture-krute golden globe-puraskaram praapnot, tathaa cha "ess good freds" (1971) ityasmin mukhyapaatrasya krute sarvashreshta-abhinetree-motion picture-drama-krute golden globe-puraskaaraay naamaankitam abhavat. saa "number-vann" (1976) ityasya nirmaatruroopen sarvashreshtasya laiv-aakshan-laghuchalachchitrasy krute akadami-puraskaaraay namankita api abhavat, yena saa chitrakaavyasya sammukhe tathaa prushthe cha aaskar-namankanam praaptavatee prathamaa mahilaa abhavat. anyeshu chalacchitreshu yatra topaha pradarshanm krutavatee teshu "da love mesheen" (1971), "shaamas" (1973), "da laast aaf sheelaa" (1973), "chaild and a leaf" (1974), "revenj aaf da pink penther" (1978), "honeysakal rose" (1980), "coast too coast" (1980), "death trap" (1982), "aathar! lekhakah!"(1982)," kaidishaak II "(1988)," 8 heads inn a duffel byaag "(1997)," aut too see "(1997)," boynton beech club "(2005) cha. kenan ityeshaa 1990 tame varshe ardha-aatmakathatmak-natakena "da end aaf affenecity" ityanena saha feature-nirdeshanasy padaarpanam krutavatee, yasmin saa api likhitaa, abhinayaa cha krutavatee. 1997 taha 2000 paryantam saa "alai mcbeal" iti kaanooni-shrunkhalaayaam aavartanam paatram niravahat. tasyaah vruttijeevanasya arambhat poorvam, topaha kairee grant ityanena saha varshatrayam yaavat vivaahitah aasit, tasya ekamaatram putram jennifer iti putreem cha janma dattavaan. 1968 tame varshe vivaahavicchedanam praapya vivaahasya vishaye charchaam kartum anicchukah, 1986 tame varshe anudanasya mrutyoho anantaram, topaha prakaashan-vyavahaaraan niraakarot. tasyaah samsmaranam "dier kairee" (2011) nyuyaark-tams ityasya sarvottamavikretaa abhavat. 2022 tame varshe, etat pustakam aii. tii. vi. krute laghu-shrunkhalaaroopena parivartayishyate iti ghoshitam, yatra topa-karyakari-utpaadanam bhavishyati. praarambhikajeevanam. 1937 janavaree 4 dinaanke washington-nagarasya takoma-nagare, gruhinee clair ("nee" portnaay) ityasya tathaa jeevan-aashvasti-vikretaayaah benn-freesen ityasya putree, kenan ityasya janma saamil-dian-freesen iti abhavat. saa, ukren-deshaat pravaasam krutaayaah, asskenazi-yahoodee-matayaha, yahoodee-vishvaasena utthapita aasit; tasyaah pitaa kenada-deshasya menonat-vamshasya anabaptist aasit. tasyaah kanishtah bhrata jaiz-sangeetajnah david freesen asti. kenan-naukaayaah west ciatal-ucchavidyaalaye adhyayanm abhavat, 1954 tame varshe miss-west-ciatal iti mukutam praaptavatee. saa washington-vishvavidyaalaye ardhavarsham yaavat avasat. 1957 tame varshe, topaha mahaavidyaalayaat nishkaasy, arizona-nagarasya phoeniks-nagare swapatnyaa salee ityanaya saha nivasitum gataa, yatra saa merryl-linch-end-ko-samsthaayaam karyam sveekrutavatee. yaatraawiwyaapaaren pranitaa saa vivaahanishchayam krutvaa svavadhooho anugacchati laas-angelies-nagaram prati. te sheeghramev vibhaktavantah, parantu saa asmin kshetre eva tishtitum, yoo. see. ell. e. ityatra namankanam kartum cha nishchitavatee. amshakaalika-madeling-karyasya karanat nirmata jeree wald ityanena saha sakshatkaraha abhavat, yah saa swanamna topa iti parivartayitum soochitavaan. saa emm. jii. emm. ityanena saha saha anubandham krutavatee, "laes gearls" iti chalacchitrasya pracharakaryam akarot, abhinayashikshaken sanford masner ityanena saha adhyayanam cha akarot. vruttihi. kenan ityeshaa 1960 tame varshe "da rais and faal aaf legs daimand" iti chalachchitre padaarpanam krutavatee; saa 1950 tamadashakasy antebhyah dooradarshan-kaaryakrame abhyanayt, yasmin 1959 tame dashake "leady luck" iti prakaranasya merry lovery iti paatrasya "byaat masterson" ityasmin atithi-paatram api aasit, punah 1961 tame varshe "da prais aaf paradise" ityasmin diane jaansan iti paatram api aasit. saa 1959 tame varshe see. bee. ess. ityasya "inn-episode 52", vaanishing aakt iti ityasmin nikol-macready iti namna abhyanayt. asmin eva kaale saa see. bee. ess.-ityasya paashchaty-chalachchitre "jaanee ringo" ityasmin daan durant ityanena abhinitam, tathaa e. bee. see. ityatra jyaak-lards ityasya paashchaty-chalachchitre "stoney berk" ityasmin cha aasit. saa 1961 tame varshe tracy steel, rabert konrad, coney stevens ityetayoho viruddham diane kenan iti namna "havaayiyan-aii" ityasmin api abhyanayt. 1962 tame varshe, zen fondaa tathaa broadford dilman ityetaih saha "da phen kapal" ityasmin broadway ityatra topaha drushtah. tadanantaram "yathaashakti prayatnam vinaa vyavasaaye safalataam katham praapnuh" iti sangeetasy rashtriya-paryatan-samsthaa abhavat, yasmin saa rosemary-vaadanam akarot. 1964 tame varshe saa "gunsmoke" ityasmin atithi-paatram abhyanayt, "aivee narton" iti paatram niravahat, yaa "aant theede" (ess10ee13) iti prakaranasya priyena purushena saha vivaaham kartum prayatamana shoshitaa putree aasit. saa 1964 tame varshe see. bee. ess. naatak-shrunkhalaayaah "da reporter" ityasya "da myaan bihain da myaan" iti prakaranasya monaa aliot iti paatram niravahat. saa "77 suryasta-pattika", "asprushyaah", prathama-chaalitasya syndicated-paashchaty-shrunkhalaayaah "too faces-vest" ityasya 1960 prakaranasya "sheriff-aaf-da-town" ityasmin atithi-paatraani api abhyanayt, yatra valter-koy-varyaha cotter-rupena, 1962 tame varshe "ripcard" prakaranam "da-helicopter-res" iti ripcard-ink-rupena cha aasit.'tasya sachivah swaagatakartuh cha marian hains. da murder gem" (1965) iti chalachchitre tasyaah anyah paatrah aasit, tatah cha chaturvarshaani viraamam praapnot. 1969 tame varshe "baab and karol and tedd and elis" ityasmin chalachchitre kenan ityasya prathamam pramukham chalacchitrapaatram praaptam, yena saa akadami-puraskaram golden globe-namankanam cha praapnot. 1971 tame varshe saa chaturnam chalacchitreshu abhyanayt-jackwellin susanne ityasya upanyaasasy "da love mesheen"; seen kaanari tathaa christopher vaakan ityetaih saha "da enderson tapes"; jeane-paal-belmondo tathaa omer shareef ityetaih saha "da berglers"; oto priminger ityasya "ess good freds", yasya krute saa sarvashreshta-abhinetree-krute golden globe namankanam praapnot. tasyaah naam tasya varshe "doctors-waves" iti panchamam vimochanam vipanayitum prayujyate sma, yasmin saa kevalam alpa-upasthitim adyaapi shirsha-billing-yukttaa aasit. 1973 tame varshe, "shaamas" ityasmin chalachchitre bert reinolds ityanena saha topaha abhyanayt, "da laast aaf sheelaa" ityasmin chalachchitre soo-mengars ityasya aadhaaren pratinidhiroopen abhyanayt, tathaa cha natyashalamanushyanam rashtriyasanghena varshasya mahilaa-tarika iti namankita abhavat. 1974 tame varshe saa "chaild and a leaf" ityasmin vimarshakaih prashamsitaa abhinayam adadat, tathaa cha haarve catell ityanena saha dooradarshanasy krute nirmitam "virginia hill" iti chalachchitre abhyanayt. tadanantaram saa feature-chalacchitreshu abhinayaat varshachaturvarshaani anupasthitavatee. 1970 tamasya dashakasy madhyabhaage laas vegas-nagarasya seasure-prasade, harraa-sarovarasya tahoy-ityatra cha topaha swakeeye sangeeta-mancha-abhinaye abhyanayt. tatah saa american-film-institute ityasya mahilaa-nirdeshana-karyashalayam namankanam krutavatee. saa prathamam aaskar-namankita abhinetree abhavat yaa "number-vann" (1976) ityasya krute sarvashreshta-laghuchalachchitre, laiv-aakshan-shrenee-madhye namankita, ekaa pariyojanaa yaa topa-nirmitam, nirdeshitam, likhitam, sampaaditam cha. eshaa kishoravayasya yauna-jijnaasaa-vishaye kathaa aasit. 1978 tame varshe, "revenj aaf da pink-penther" ityasmin kenan saha-abhinayam akarot. tasmin eva varshe saa "swargam pratiksham kartum shaknoti" ityasmin chalachchitre abhyanayt, yasya krute saa anyam aaskar-namankanam praapnot, sarvashreshta-sahaayak-abhinetree iti golden globe-puraskaram cha praapnot. 1976 tame varshe saa "saturday nait laiv" iti tasya prathama-satrasya sanchalika abhavat, 1979 tame varshe "da mapet sho" ityasya chaturtha-samskarane atithi-paatram akarot. saa tatkaaleen-premikena armond asaante ityanena saha "leady aaf da house" (1978) iti dooradarshan-chalachchitre saha-abhinayam krutavatee, yat selee stanford ityasya jeevanasya natakiyam chitram aasit. 1980 tame dashakasy aarambhe, gaayakah/geetarachayitru cha topaha, vilee nelson ityanena saha "honeysakal rose" (1980) ityasmin chalachchitre, "coast too coast" (1980) ityasmin rabert blake ityanena saha, "lekhakah! lekhakah!"(1982) all-pachino ityanena saha, tathaa cha sidney lumet ityasya" death-trap "(1982) ityanena saha mckell kenn tathaa christopher reev cha. saa "haiving itt aal" (1982) iti dooradarshanachalachitre, "master aaf da gem" (1984) iti laghuchalachchitre cha abhyanayt, tatah "jenees vaar" (1985) ityasmin shirshakiyarachayitre abhyanayt. disney-krute "raak 'enn' roll maam" (1988) ityasya nirmananantaram saa "kyadishak II" (1988) ityasmin chalachchitre ekaa samooh-kalakarena saha abhyanayt. etadatirichya saa brenda russell ityanena saha chakakhan ityasya "da vuman aii aam" iti aalbam ityasya shirshika geetam saha-likhat. chalacchitra-udyame tasyaah yogadanasya karanat, 1983 tame varshe 6608 hollywood-bouleward ityatra sthite motion-pictures-starr ityanena saha hollywood-vaak-aaf-fame ityasmin kenan iti namakam antarbhavati sma. da end aaf affenecity" (1990) iti ardha-aatmakathaatmakachalachitre kenan ityanena likhitam, nirdeshitam, abhinayam cha krutam. tadanantaram saa "jailbards" (1991) ityasmin philicia rashaad ityanena saha, "cristophersonah, toney curtis cha cha" chrismus inn connecticut "(1992) ityasmin, yasya uttaravartee" arnold schwarzenegger ityanena nirdeshitah aasit, "baab & caroll & tedd & elis" ityasya nirdeshakena paal mazarsky ityanena saha "da akkeel" (1993) ityasmin danny aillo ityanena saha punah militum praak, abhyanayt. lokapriy-dooradarshan-karyakrameshu "da practies" tathaa cha "alai mcbeal" ityasmin ardha-niyamitaroopen kenan ityasya atithi-paatraani aasan. 1997 tame varshe saa studio-madhye pradarshitanam pramukhatrayeshu chalacchitreshu drashtum shaktavatee-jo pesky ityanena saha "8 heads inn e duffel byaag" iti; "dutt darn kyaat" ityasya punarnirmanam; valter myaathau tathaa jyaak lemmon ityanena saha "aut too see" iti. tasmin eva varshe saa saara mishel geller ityanena saha "beverley hills-femily rabinson" iti dooradarshanachalachitre karyam krutavatee. 2001 tame varshe 2002 tame varshe cha saa "tri-bhaginyaah" iti dooradarshan-shrunkhalaayaam niyamitaroopen bhaagam praapnot. 2005 tame varshe saa "boynton beech club" ityasmin chalachchitre abhyanayt, yat vruddhaanaam fluoridian-jananam vishaye asti, ye sadyah swapatneem haarayan; topasya vaastavikajeevanasya poorva-mckell nooree ityeshaa tasyaah prema-ruchihi abhyanayt. tasyaah pashchat paatreshu haal maark ityasya krute "a kisa att midnat" (2008), lorain-braakko tathaa penee-maarshal ityetaih saha "women vithaut mains" (2010) iti uneared-pilot iti cha antarbhavati. saa "unleased" (2010) iti anyam laghuchitram likhitvaa nirdeshayat cha. paradaayaah viraamaanantaram saa ashvaarohana-vishayavastum "hopes ligacy" (2021) ityasmin paarivaarikachalachitre abhyanayt. kenan ityanena 2011 october-maase "priyah kaireeh mai-laif-vith-kairee-grant" iti atmakatham prakaashitam. saa poorvam 1986 tame varshe swetah poorvapituh vishaye lekhitum swifty-lazer ityanena samparkitaa aasit, "million-laksham" iti namakam pratyakhyanam akarot, tathaa cha katipayavarshanam anantaram jaqueline-kenedy-onassis ityanena anyam prakaashanaprastaavam pratyakhyanam akarot, yat adyaapi upachaarah apekshitah iti avadat. kenan ityeshaa tasyaah pustakasya aadhaaren "aarchi" iti sheershake chaturnam bhaganam laghu-shrunkhalaayaah karyakari-nirmaatruroopen karyam karoti, yasya utpaadanam 2022 august-maase aarabhat, tathaa cha tatt aii. tii. vi. ityatra prasaaritam bhavishyati. vyaktigatajeevanam. 1961 tame varshe, kenan ityeshaa abhinetraa kairee grant ityanaya saha detting kartum aarabhat, yaa tasyaah 33 varshaani varishtaa aasit. te 1965 julai 22 dinaanke vivaahitaah, teshaam jennifer iti ekaa putree aasit. 1967 september-maase vicchedanam kartum topaha aavedanam krutavaan, 1968 maarch-masasya 21 dinaanke tatt antimam jaatam. kenan-ityanena 1985 april 18 dinaanke real-state-niveshakena stanly fimberg ityanena saha dwiteeyena parineetam. 1991 tame varshe te vivaahavicchedam krutavantah. 1978 taha 1979 paryantam, topaha, armand-asaante cha saarvajanikaroopena sthirah padarthah aasit. saa haasyanatah mort saahl, nirmata murre shostak, pratibhaa-pratinidhihi rone wesner, shilpi carl hartman, nirdeshakaih haal eshbee, jeree scatzberg, abhinetaabhih hai chess, rone elee, mckell nauree cha ityetaih saha api sambaddheshu aasit. saa nooree ityanena saha maitreem karoti, teshaam vicchedanam praayah 40 varshaanaam anantaram tasya prathamapradarshane saha cha gacchati. 1972 tame varshe, topaha prakatayt yat saa prathamikachikitsayam samlagnaa aasit iti. saa laas-angelies-lakers-ityeteshaam prashamsikaa asti, aneka-dashakaan yaavat lakers-kreedaasu bhaagam praapnot cha. saa punah janmitaa christian asti.

tian beerangi diane beerangi (prappu saamil diane freezen, janavari 4,1937) oru america nadigai, thiraippadath thayaarippaalar mattrum aasiriyar aavaar. avarathu paaraattukalil oru suntern viruthu, oru colton clobe viruthu, moontru akaadami viruthu parinthuraikal mattrum hollywood vaak off famil oru natchatthiram aagiyavai adangkum. 1973 aam aandil naadaga urimaiyaalargalin thaesiya sangaththaalum, 1979 aam aandil hollywood magalir paththirigai kilappaalum aandin penn natchaththiramaaga avar peyaridappattaar. miss vest seatle endra pattatthai vagiththa munnaal azhagu raani, beerangi 1958 aam aandil tholaikaatchiyil arimugamaanathu. aduththa thasaapthaththil, avar eppoathaavathu broadway mattrum pii-thiraippatankalil thoandrum poathu episotic nigazhchchigalil oru podhuvaana paarvaiyaaga aanaar. 1969 aam aandil, paaliyal nagaichchuvai "paap & caroll & tett & alis" padaththil thanathu thiruppumunai thiraippada paaththiraththaik kondirundhaar, idharkaaga avar sirantha thunai nadigaikkaana akaadami viruthukku parinthuraikkappattaar. sorkkatthaal kaatthirukka mudiyum" (1978) padaththirkaaga meendum antha pirivil beerangi parinthuraikkappattathu, sirantha thunai nadigaikkaana colton clobe viruthaip pettrathu-moashan biksar, maelum sirantha nadigaikkaana colton clobe viruthukku parinthuraikkappattathu-moashan biksar trauma "aththagaiya nalla nanbarkal" (1971). nambar onn" (1976) thiraippataththin thayaarippaalaraaga sirantha neradi athiradi kurumpadaththirkaana akaadami viruthukku parinthuraikkappattaar, ithanaal kemaraavukku munnum pinnum askar parinthuraigalaip pettra muthal penn endra perumaiyaiyum pettraar. beerangi nigazhththiya pira thiraippatankalil "thii love meshin" (1971), "shamas" (1973), "thii laust off sheela" (1973), "siled under auuu leaf" (1974), "revenjch off thii bink paanthar" (1978), "honeysocle roas" (1980), "coast duu coast" (1980), "tethtrop" (1982), "aasiriyar! ezhuththaalarae!"(1982)," "cadishock II" "(1988)," "8 heads inn eeyee duffel paek" "(1997)," "awood duu chee" "(1997), mattrum" "pointon beach kilap" "(2005)". 1990kazhil veliyaana arai suyasaridhai naadagamaana "thii end off appavi" endra thiraippataththin moolam thanathu thiraippada iyakkunaraaka arimugamaanaar, athil avar ezhuthi naditthaar. 1997 muthal 2000 varai avar sattath thodaril "alaai mcbeal" ill thodarchchiyaana paaththiraththil naditthaar. avarathu thozhil thodanguvatharku munbu, beerangi moontru aandugalukku carrie kiraanttudan tirumanam seithu kondu avarathu oray kuzhandhaiyaana jennifer endra magalaip petrtreduththathu. 1968 vivaagaraththu petrtrathilirunthu thirumanaththaip pattri vivaathikka thayakkam kaatiya beerangi, 1986 aam aandil maaniyaththin maranatthaith thodarnthu veliyeettu oppanthangkalai niraagariththathu. avarathu ninaivuk kurippu "dier carrie" (2011) newyorg times sirantha virpanaiyaalaraaka maariyathu. 2022 aam aandil, inththa puththagam beerangi nirvaaga thayaarippudan oru mineesiyarisaaga maattriyamaikkappadum endru arivikkappattathu. aarambagaala vaazhkkai. 1937 janavari 4 andru washingtonil ulla dagomaavil, veettup penn clyer ("nee" poartnaai) mattrum aayul kaapeettu virpanaiyaalar penn freezen magalaaga simil diane freezen endra peyaril beerangi piranthathu. avar thanathu ashkenasi yoothath thaayin yootha nambikkaiyil valarkkappattaar, avar ukrainil irunthu kudiyaeriyavar; avarathu thanthai kanadiyan mannonite vamsaavaliyaich saerntha oru poptist aavaar. avarathu ilaiya cakootharar jaas isaikkalainar davit freezen aavaar. westchiaattil uyarnilaip pallyil payintra beerangi 1954 aam aandil miss vest siattil pattam pettrathu. avar washington palkalaikkazhagaththil irandarai aandugal kaliththaar. 1957 aam aandil, beerangi kallooriyilirunthu veliyaeri, thanathu aththai saali udan phoenix, arisoanaavil vasikkach sentraar, angku avar meryl linch & coow niruvanaththil vaelai seithaar. oru payana vanikaraal vanangkappatta avar, nichchayathaarththam seithu, thanathu varungkaala manaiviyaip pinthodarnthu losses aenchalsukkuch sentraar. avarkal viraivil pirinthanar, aanaal avar anthap paguthiyil thangki yuu. chii. ell. aee. will saera mudivu seithaar. oru pakuthi naera modeling vaelai thayaarippaalar jerri vaalttudan oru nerkaanalukku vazhivaguththathu, avar thanathu kadaisi peyarai peerangkiyaaga maattra parinthuraiththaar. avar mgm udan kaiyeluththittaar, "less carels" thiraippataththirkaana vilambarap panigalaich seithaar, maelum nadippu aasiriyar sanford meesnarudan padiththaar. thozhil. 1960 aam aandil "kaalgalin vairaththin ezhuchchi mattrum veelchchi" endra thiraippataththil beerangi arimugamaanathu; avar 1950 kalin pirpaguthiyil tholaikaatchiyil thoantrinaar, idhil 1959 episodil "laedi lakki" endra maeri loavariyaaga "paet masterson" ill virunththinar thoattramum, 1961 episodil "thii price off paradise" endra padaththil diane johnson endra kathaapaaththiramum adangkum. avar 1959 aam aandil cpscl thoantrinaar, "aththiyayam 52 ill," marainththuvidum seyal ", nikol mccready. inththa neraththil, avar dawn durand nadiththa merkaththiya "johnny ringo" mattrum jaak lardin merkaththiya "stoney burk" ill aepici. 1961 aam aandil, diane beerangi endra thanathu peyaraip payanpaduththi, tracey steel, robbert conrat mattrum cooney stevens aakiyoarukku ethirae "havaai kann" endra padaththilum thoantrinaar. 1962 aam aandil, jaine fonda mattrum broadford dillman aakiyoarudan "vaedikkaiyaana jody" ill broadwayil beerangi thoantriyathu. aduththathaaga thaesiya suttruppayana niruvanam vanthathu, athil avar rosemary vaasiththaar, "unmaiyil muyarchi seiyaamal vanigaththil eppadi vettri peruvathu". 1964 aam aandil avar "conmoke" padaththil virunththinaraaga naditthaar, "aivi norton" endra kathaapaaththiraththil naditthaar, dushprayogam seiyappatta magal aththai theed (ess10ii13) aththiyaayaththil thaan nesikkum manitharai tirumanam seithu kolla virumbukiraal. 1964 chii. pii. ess naadagath thodaraana "thii reporter" inn "thii maen behind thii maen" episodil moanaa eliottai avar siththariththaar. 77 sooriya asthamanap pakuthi", "theendaththakaathavargal", 1960 episote "nagaraththin sherib" muthal-ruun syndicated merkaththiya thodarin "irandu mugangkal maerku" walder koayudan kaattar mattrum 1962 "repcord" episote "helikaaptar rays" repcord ink aaga virunththinar thoattrangalil thoantrinaar.'seyalaalar mattrum varavaerpu nipunar mariane heins. thii kolai came" (1965) endra thiraippataththil avarukku mattroru paaththiram irunththathu, pinnar naanku aandugal vidumurai eduththaar. 1969 aam aandin "paap & caroll & tett & alis" padaththil peerangkiyin muthal mukiya thiraippada paaththiram vanthathu, idhu avarathu akaadami viruthaiyum colton clobe parinthuraigalaiyum pettrathu. 1971 aam aandil avar naanku padangkalil naditar jagwalin susann ezhuthiya navalil irunthu "thii love meshin"; chiin koonari mattrum christopher vaaganudan "thii anderson tapes"; jeane-paal belmondo mattrum oomar sharif aakiyoarudan "thii burklers"; mattrum oodoa brimmingerin "aththagaiya nalla nanbarkal", idharkaaga avar sirantha nadigaikkaana colton clobe parinthuraiyaip pettraar. antha aandu ainthaavathu veliyeedaana "maruththuvargalin manaivigal" endra thiraippataththai santhaippaduththa avarathu peyar payanpaduththappattathu, athil avar oru sirappu thoattraththai mattumae seitha poathilum sirantha billing irunththathu. 1973 aam aandil, beerangi burt rainoldsukku joadiyaaga "shamas" padaththil nadiththathu mattrum "sheelaavin kadaisi" padaththil suu mencharkalai adippadaiyaagak konda oru mugavaraaga nadiththathu, maelum naadaga urimaiyaalargalin thaesiya sangaththaal aandin penn natchaththiramaaga peyaridappattathu. 1974 aam aandil, avar "oru ilaikku keezh kuzhandhai" endra padaththil vimarsana reethiyaaga paraattappatta nadippai valangkinaar, maelum tholaikaatchikku thayaarikkappatta thiraippatamaana "virginia hiill" ill haarvae keydell udan naditthaar. idhaith thodarnthu avar thiraippatankalil nadippathil irunthu naanku aandugal vilaginaar. 1970 kalin naduppaguthiyil losses vegas mattrum harraavin aeri dahovil ulla seaser aranmanayil thanathu sontha isai maedaich seyalil beerangi nadiththathu. pinnar avar america thiraippada niruvanaththin penkal iyakkap pattaraiyil saernthaar. sirantha kurumpadam, neradi athiradi pirivil "nambar onn" (1976) endra thittaththirkaaga parinthuraikkappatta muthal askar parinthuraikkappatta nadigai aanaar, idhu peerangkiyai thayaariththu, iyakki, ezhuthi, thiruththiyathu. idhu ilam paruvaththil paaliyal aarvam pattriya kadhai. 1978 aam aandil, beerangi "ilanjchivappu paantharin pazhivaangkum" padaththil inainthu nadiththathu. athae aandu, avar "sorkkam kaatthirukka mudiyum" endra padaththil thoantrinaar, atharkaaka avar mattroru aaskar parinthuraiyaip pettraar mattrum sirantha thunai nadigaikkaana colton clobe viruthai ventraar. 1976 aam aandil, adhan muthal season poathu "sanikkizhamai iravu neralai" nigazhchchiyai thoguththu valangkinaar, maelum 1979 aam aandil "thii muppet show" inn naankaavathu seasonil avar virunththinaraaga naditthaar. avar appoathaiya kaathalan armond asaandudan tholaikaatchi thiraippatamaana "laedi off thii havus" (1978) ill inainthu naditthaar, idhu saali stanfordin vaazhkkaiyin natakamayamakkal aagum. 1980kalin murpaguthiyil, paadagar/paadalaasiriyaraaga irukkum beerangi, villie nelsonudon "honeysocle roas" (1980), robbert blake, "ezhuththaalar! ezhuththaalarae!"(1982) all paasinoavudan, mattrum sidney lumettin" "teth trop" "(1982) michael keyne mattrum christopher reeve aakiyoarudan". avar "ellaavattraiyum vaiththiruppathu" (1982) endra tholaikaatchi thiraippataththilum, "maastar off thii came" (1984) endra mineesireesilum naditthaar, pinnar "jenniyin poar" (1985) endra thiraippataththil thalaippu paaththiraththil naditthaar. disnikkaaga 'raak' enn 'roll maam' (1988) seitha piragu, avar 'cadishock II' (1988) ill oru kuzhuma nadikarkaludan thoantrinaar. koodudhalaaga, avar saagaa kaanin aalpaththirkaana thalaippu paadalai, "thii vuman aii aam", brenda russeludden inainthu ezhuthinaar. thiraippadath thuraiyil avarathu pankalippukalukkaaka, beerangi 1983 aam aandil hollywood vaak off famil 6608 hollywood pulverdil amainthulla oru moashan bixers natchaththiratthudan serkkappattathu. beerangi ezhuthi, iyakki, arai suyasaridhai thiraippatamaana "appaaviththanaththin mudivu" (1990) ill naditthaar. pinnar avar "jailbirds" (1991) ill filicia raashat mattrum "christoperson mattrum donny curtis aakiyoarukku joadiyaaga" christhumas inn connecticut "(1992) ill thoantrinaar, idhil pinthaiyathu arnault swarsnaker iyakkiyathu, paap & caroll & tett & alis" iyakkunar paal mazurskyudan meendum inaivatharku munbu "uurukaai" (1993), danny ayelloavudan. pirabalamaana tholaikaatchi nigazhchchigalil beerangi virunththinar paaththirangkalaik kondirundhadhu, athae poal "alaai mcbeal" ill arai valakkamaana paaththiramaagavum irunththathu. 1997 aam aandil avar moontru mukiya studio thiraippada veliyeedugalil kaanapattaar joow beskyudan "8 heads inn eeyee duffel paek"; "thii darn caded" inn maruu aakkam; mattrum walder mattav mattrum jaak lemmanudan "awood duu chee". antha aandum, avar saaraa michael kellarudan "beverley hills kudumba rabinson" endra tholaikaatchi thiraippataththil paniyaattrinaar. 2001 mattrum 2002 aam aandugalil, avar "moontru cakootharikal" endra tholaikaatchi thodaril oru valakkamaana pangaik kondirundhaar. 2005 aam aandil, avar "pointon kadarkarai kilap" endra thiraippataththil thoantrinaar, idhu vayathaana ploaridiyargalaip pattriya oru thiraippatamaagum, avarkal thangal vaazhkkaith thunaigalai izhanththuvittanar; peerangkiyin nija vaazhkkai munnaal michael noori avarathu kaathal aarvatthai naditthaar. avarathu pirkaala paaththirangkalil haalmaarkirkaana "nalliravil oru muththam" (2008) mattrum loraine braco mattrum bennie marshaludan "aangal illaatha penkal" (2010) aagiyavai adangkum. avar mattroru kurumpadaththai ezhuthi iyakkinaar, "anislet" (2010). thiraiyil irunthu oru idaivelikkup piragu, avar kudhirai sawari karupporul konda kudumba thiraippatamaana "hoop 'sh legacy" (2021) ill naditthaar. october 2011 ill beerangi oru ninaivuk kurippai veliyittathu, "anbulla carrie carrie maaniyaththudan enn vaazhkkai". 1986 aam aandil thanathu maraintha munnaal kanavaraip pattri ezhutha swifty lasaral avar anugappattaar, "million kanakkaanavargalai" niraagarittaar, maelum sila aandugalukkup piragu jagwalin kennadi onaasisilirunthu mattroru veliyeettu salugaiyai marutthaar, innum gunappaduththudhal thaevai endru koorinaar. avarathu puththagaththai adippadaiyaagak konda naanku pakuthi miniseriesin nirvaaga thayaarippaalaraaga beerangi seyalpadugirathu, idhu "archie" endra thalaippil august 2022 ill thayaarippaith thodangiyathu, maelum adhu oliparappaakum. thanipatta vaazhkkai. 1961 aam aandil, beerangi thanathu 33 vayathu mooththa nadigaraana carrie kiraandudan tating seiyath thodangiyathu. avarkal juulai 22,1965 andru tirumanam seithu kondanar, avarkalukku jennifer endra oru magal irunthaar. 1967 septambaril vivaagaraththu koorii beerangi thaakkal seiyappattathu, adhu maarch 21,1968 andru iruthi seiyappattathu. beerangi aepral 18,1985 andru riyal estate muthaleettaalar stanly fimberkudan irandaavathu muraiyaaga tirumanam seithu kondadhu. avarkal 1991 ill vivaagaraththu seithanar. 1978 muthal 1979 varai, beerangi mattrum aayutham aenththiya aayuthangkal podhu idangkalil nilaiyaana porulaaka irunththana. nagaichchuvai nadigar mort saahal, thayaarippaalar murre shostak, thiramai mugavar raan weisoner mattrum sirpi carle hardman, iyakkunarkal haal ashfi mattrum jerri shotsberg mattrum nadigargal hye says, raan elii mattrum michael noori aakiyoarudan avar uravil ullaar. avar noori udan natpaaga irukkiraar, maelum avarkal pirintha kittatthatta 40 aandugalukkup piragu oru premiyarukku avarudan sentraar. 1972 aam aandil, avar muthanmai sigichchaiyil eedupattathaaga beerangi velippaduththiyathu. avar losses aenjals lakergalin rasikar mattrum pala thasaapthankalaaka lakers vilaiyaattukalil kalandhu kondullaar. aval meendum pirantha christhuva penn.

diane phirangi diane connon (jananam samille diane friesen, janavari 4,1937) oka american nati, chitranirmaata mariyu sampadakudu. aame prasamsalalo oka sattern avaardu, oka golden globe avaardu, moodu academy avaardu nominations mariyu hollywood vaak off famelo oka starr unnaayi. nilichindi national association off theatre onars mariyu mariyu hollywood umens press club dwara aame mahilaa starr off dhi iyarga empikaindi. miss west seatal anae birudunu kaligi unna maajee beauty queen, phirangi phirangi televisionlo adugupettindi. taruvaati dasaabdamloo, aame appudappudu broadway mariyu bii-sinimaalalo kanipinchetappudu episodic sholalo saadhaarana drushyamgaa maarindi. teesukundi, aame sex comedy "baab & karol & ted & alyse" loe thana purogati chalanachitra paatranu kaligi undhi, dheeniki aame uttama sahaya natigaa academy avaarduku nominate cheyabadindi. phirangi mallee aaa vibhaagamlo "swargam vechi undagaladu" (1978) kosam nominate cheyabadindi, uttama sahaya nati-chalana chitramgaa golden globe avaardunu sampaadinchindi, mariyu aame pradhana paatraku golden globe avaarduku nominate cheyabadindi "alanti manchi snehitulu" (1971). aame "number vann" (1976) nirmaatagaa uttama pratyaksha action short film kosam academy avaarduku kooda nominate cheyabadindi, camera mundu mariyu venuka rendu vaipula ascar nominations andukunna modati mahilagaa nilichindi. phirangi pradarsinchina itara chitraalalo "dhi love meshin" (1971), "shamas" (1973), "dhi laast off sheela" (1973), "chiled under eah leaf" (1974), "revenge off dhi pink panther" (1978), "honeysakil roez" (1980), "coast tuu coast" (1980), "deth trop" (1982), "rachayita! rachayita!"(1982)," "cadishock II" "(1988)," "8 heads inn eah duffel byaag" "(1997)," "avt tuu sea" "(1997), mariyu" "boyton beach club" "(2005)". "(2005)" semee autobiographical drama "dhi end off amaayakatvam" thoo phirangi thana chalana chitra darsakatvamloki pravesinchindi, indulo aame kooda rasindi mariyu natinchindi. 1997 nundi 2000 varaku aame leagal syries "alai mcbeal" loe punaraavruta paatranu pooshinchindi. aame vrutti jeevitam praarambhamayye mundu, phirangi moodu samvatsaraalu kaarii grantto vivaham chesukuni, athani ekaika bidda, kumarte genniferku janmanichindi. vaari 1968 vidaakula nundi vivaham gurinchi charchinchadaaniki ayishtamgaa, prachurinchindi grant maranam taruvaata prachurana oppandaalanu phirangi tiraskarinchindi. aame ghnaapakam "dier kaarii" (2011) newyork times best sellarga maarindi. augustu, eee pustakaanni phirangi executive utpattitoe kuudina chinna dhaaraavahikamgaa sweekarinchanunnatlu prakatinchaaru. prarambha jeevitam. 1937 janavari 4naa washingtonloni tacomalo phirangi janminchindi, aame gruhini clyer ("nee" portnoy) mariyu jeevita beema sales maan benn frisen kumarte. aame ukrain nundi valasa vacchina aame ashkenazi yoodu talli yokka yoodu vishwaasamlo perigindi; aame tandri kenadian mennonite puurveekula baptist. aame tammudu jaz sangeetakaarudu david friesen. phirangi west seatal unnata paatasaalalo chadivi chadivi miss west seatal kiriitaanni dharinchindi. aame washington vishwavidhyaalayamlo rendunnara samvatsaraalu gadipindi. gadipindi, phirangi kalaasaala nundi tappukundi mariyu arizonaloni phoenixlo thana attha saaliitoe kalisi nivasinchadaaniki vellindi, akkada aame merril linching & koo loe udyogam chesindi. oka prayaana vyaapaaravaetta premalo padi, aame nischitaartham chesukuni, laas angels kuu thana kaboye bhartanu anusarinchindi. vaaru twaralone vidipoyaaru, conny aame aaa praantamloo undi ucllo namodu chesukovalani nirnayinchukundi. paart time modeling udyogam nirmaata jerrie valdto interviewki daariteesindi, aame thana chivari paerunu phirangiki marchukovalani suuchimchimdi. aame "less gurles" chitram kosam prachara pani chestu, MGM kuu santakam chesindi mariyu natana upadhyayudu sanford meesnartho kalisi chaduvukundi. vrutti. vrutti "dhi raiz und phaal off legs diamond" chithramtho phirangi thana sinee pravesam chesindi; aame 1950la chivari nundi televisionlo kanipinchindi, indulo 1959 episode "laedii luck" loe maerii lovareegaa "byaat masterson" loe athidhi paatra pooshinchindi, 1961 episodelo "dhi prais off paradise" loe diane jansenga kanipinchindi. aame aame cbs loe, "inn episode 52, wanishing act", nikol mccreadyga kanipinchindi. eee samayamlo, aame daan durant natinchina cbs westran "johnny ringo" loe, mariyu jaak lards yokka westran "stoney burk" loe ebisi loe undhi. jeevitam aame thana paeru diane phirangini upayoginchi, tracey steel, robbert kanrad mariyu coney stevens sarasana "hawain ii" loe kooda kanipinchindi. kanipinchindi, "sarada janta" loe jaine fonda mariyu broadford dilmanlatho kalisi broadway meeda phirangi kanipinchindi. taruvaata sangeeta "nijamgaa prayatninchakundaa vyaparamlo elaa vijayavantam kaavaali" anae jaateeya paryatana samstha vachindi, dheenilo aame rosemaryni vaayinchindi. vaayinchindi aame "gunsmoke" loe athidhi paatra pooshinchindi, "iv norton" anae paatranu pooshinchindi, aame "attha theede" (s10e13) episodelo preminche vyaktini vivaham chesukovalani chustunna durviniyogaaniki guraina kumarte. 1964 cbs drama syries "dhi reporter" looni "dhi myaan behind dhi myaan" episodelo aame monaa elliot paatranu pooshinchindi. aame "77 suuryaastamayam strip", "antaranivaru", 1960 episode "sherief off dhi town" loe kooda athidhi paatralalo kanipinchindi, modati-runn syndicated westran syries "too faces west" loe walter koyto katarga mariyu 1962 "repcord" episode "helicopter rays" repcord ink gaa.'karyadarshi mariyu receptionist marian heins. dhi murder game" (1965) chitramlo aame maroe paatra pooshinchindi, aaa tarvaata naalugu samvatsaraala viramam teesukundi. teesukundi vacchina "baab & karol & ted & alis" loe phirangi yokka modati pradhana chalanachitra paatra vachindi, idhi aame academy avaardu mariyu golden globe nominations sampaadinchindi. sampaadinchindi aame naalugu chitraalalo natinchindihi jackwellin susanne navala nundi vacchina "dhi love mesheen"; seen connery mariyu christopher walken thoo "dhi anderson tapes"; zeane-paal belmondo mariyu omar sharifto "dhi berglers"; mariyu oto preminger yokka "atuvanti manchi snehitulu", dheeni kosam aame uttama natigaa golden globe nominationnu andukundi. aaa samvatsaram aidava vidudala ayina "doctors vives" nuu market cheyadaaniki aame paeru upayoginchabadindi, indulo aame atidhi paatralo kanipinchinappatikii agrasthaanamlo nilichindi. nilichindi, phirangi "shamas" loe burt reynolds sarasana natinchindi mariyu "dhi laast off sheela" loe suu mengers aadhaaramgaa oka agentga natinchindi, mariyu national association off theatre onars dwara samvatsarapu mahilaa starga empikaindi. empikaindi, aame "chiled under eah leaf" loe vimarsakula prasamsalu pondina natnanu andinchindi mariyu harway keeteltho television kosam nirminchina chitram "virginia hill" loe natinchindi. dheeni taruvaata aame chalana chitraalalo natinchadaaniki naalugu samvatsaraala gairhaajarunu teesukundi. 1970la madhyalo laas vegas looni seasure pales mariyu harra sarassu taaho loe thana sonta sangeeta vedika natanalo phirangi natinchindi. aaa tarvaata aame american film institute yokka mahilala darsakatvam varkshaaplo cheraaru. aame uttama laghu chitram, live action vibhaagamlo "number vann" (1976) kuu nominate ayina modati ascar-nominated natigaa nilichindi, eee project phirangi utpatti, darsakatvam, rachana mariyu edit chesindi. idhi koumaaradasalo laingika utsukata gurinchi oka katha. katha, phirangi "pink panther yokka prateekaaram" loe saha-natinchindi. adhe samvatsaram, aame "swargam vechi undagaladu" loe kanipinchindi, dheeni kosam aame maroka ascar nominationnu andukundi mariyu uttama sahaya natigaa golden globe avaardunu geluchukundi. geluchukundi, aame daani modati seasonlo "satterday nait live" nuu host chesindi mariyu mariyu "dhi mappet show" yokka nalgava seasonlo atithigaa natinchindi. aame television chitram "laedii off dhi house" (1978) loe appati bifriend armond assantetho kalisi natinchindi, idhi saalii stanford jeevitaanni natakeeyamgaa maarchindi. 1980la praarambhamlo, gayakudu/paatala rachayita kooda ayina phirangi, villie nelson thoo kalisi "honeysakil roez" (1980) loe kanipinchindi, "coast tuu coast" (1980) loe robbert blake thoo, "rachayita! rachayita!"(1982) all paasinotho, mariyu maikhel kine mariyu christopher reevtho sidney lumet yokka" "deth trop" "(1982)". aame "having itt aall" (1982) anae television chitramlo natinchindi, alaage "master off dhi game" (1984) anae chinna dharavahikamlo natinchindi, taruvaata "gennies waar" (1985) loe taitil roll chesindi. disney kosam "rock 'enn' roll maam" (1988) chesina taruvaata, aame "cadishock II" (1988) loe samishti taaraaganamto kanipinchindi. adanamgaa, aame brenda rasseltho kalisi chaka khaan album "dhi women ii yaam" kosam taitil track saha-rachana chesindi. chalanachitra parisramaku aame chesina sevalaku gaanu, gaanu 6608 hollywood boulevard vadda unna chalana chitraala taaratoe hollywood vaak off fameloki phirangi pravesapettindi. phirangi rachana, darsakatvam mariyu pakshika-aatmakathaatmaka chitram "dhi end off amaayakatvam" (1990) loe natinchindi. aame taruvaata "jail birds" (1991) loe filicia rashad sarasana mariyu "chrismus inn connecticut" (1992) loe criss christopherson mariyu toney curtis sarasana kanipinchindi, veetilo rendodaaniki arnald schwarzenegger darsakatvam vahinchaaru, "baab & karol & ted & alyse" darsakudu paal mazurskeetho "dhi pickley" (1993) kosam tirigi kalavadaniki mundu, daanii ayellotho kalisi. phirangiki pramukha television sholalo "mariyu" practies "loe athidhi paatralu undevi, alaage" alai mcbeal "loe paakshikamgaa kramabaddhamgaa undevi. undevi aame moodu pradhana studio chitra vidudalalo chudavachuhu jooe peskitho "8 heads inn eah duffel byaag"; "dhatt darn catt" yokka punarnirmaanam; mariyu walter mathou mariyu jaak lemmontho "avt tuu sea". aaa samvatsaram kooda, aame saaraa maikhel gellartho kalisi "beverley hills family robinson" anae tv chitramlo panicheesaaru. 2001 mariyu mariyu, aame "mugguru sodareemanulu" anae television dharavahikalo kramam tappakunda paalgonevaaru. paalgonevaaru, aame "boyton beach club" loe kanipinchindi, idhi vaari jeevita bhaagaswaamulanu kolpoyina vruddhaapya fluoridianla gurinchi oka chitram; phirangi yokka nija jeevita maajee maikhel nauri aame prema aasaktini pooshinchindi. aame taruvaata paatralalo hallmark kosam "ardharaatri oka muddu" (2008) mariyu lorain braco mariyu pennie maarshaltho "purushulu laeni mahilalu" (2010) unnaayi. aame "unleased" (2010) anae maroe chinna chitraanni raasi darsakatvam vahinchindi. tera nundi viramam taruvaata, aame gurrapu swarry nepathya kutumba chitram "hopes legacy" (2021) loe natinchindi. 2011 octoberulo phirangi "priyamaina corry maerii life vith kaarii grant" anae ghnaapakaalanu prachurinchindi. prachurinchindi aame divangata maajee bhartha gurinchi vraayadaaniki swifty lazar aamenu sampradinchindi, "millionla" nuu tiraskarinchindi, konni samvatsaraala taruvaata jackwellin kennedy onassis nundi maroka prachurana pratipaadananu tiraskarinchindi, inca nayam kavalsina avasaram undani perkondi. aame pustakam aadhaaramgaa "archie" anae paerutoe naalugu bhagala miniseriesku karyanirvahaka nirmaatagaa phirangi panichestundi, idhi augustu augustu utpattini praarambhinchindi mariyu daanilo prasaram avutundi. vyaktigata jeevitam. jeevitam, phirangi thana kante 33 samvatsaraalu peddavaadaina natudu kaarii grantto dating praarambhinchindi. vaaru juulai 22,1965naa vivaham chesukunnaru, vaariki gennifer anae oka kumarte undhi. 1967 septembarulo vidaakula kosam phirangi daakhalu cheyabadindi, mariyu adhi marchi 21,1968naa khararu cheyabadindi. phirangi april 18,1985naa real estate pettubadidaaru stanley fimbergto rendavasari vivaham chesukundi. vaaru vaaru vidaakulu teesukunnaru. 1978 nundi 1979 varaku, phirangi mariyu aayudhalu prajalalo sthiramaina vastuvu. aame hasyanatudu mort sahl, nirmaata murre shostack, tolent agent raan weisner mariyu shilpi carle hartman, alaage darsakulu haall yashbi mariyu jerrie scotzberg, mariyu natulu hye chaze, raan eli mariyu maikhel nauriitoe kooda sambandhaalalo undhi. aame nauriitoe snehamgaa untundi mariyu vaari vidipoyina daadaapu 40 samvatsaraala taruvaata premiyarku athanitho kalisi untundi. untundi, aame praathamika chikitsalo nimagnamai undani phirangi velladinchindi. aame laas angels lakers kii abhimani mariyu aneka dasabdaluga lakers atalaku haajarayyindi. aame mallii janminchina kraistavudu.

diyaan toop ddiyaan cannon (paidaishi naam sameli ddiyaan frycin 4 januri 1937) eek americi adakarah film saaz aur editor haine. inn kii tareefon mein eek sneacher aiward eek golden globe aiward teen academy aiward namzadgi aur haali wode waak aaf faim parr eek staar shaamil haine. inhein 1973 mein theater maalkaan kii qomi aisosi aishan aur 1979 mein haali wode weeman prais kalb nay saal kii behtareen khaatun staar qaraar diyaa. eek saabiq beauty koyeen jinhon nay miss vest settle kaa khataab haasil kiyaa cannon nay 1958 mein teeli vision parr apnaa aaghaz kiyaa. agli dahayi mein wah braad way aur bee filmon mein kabhi kabhaar nazar aaney kay doraan qaston kay shoz mein eek aam nazar bunn gayein. 1969 mein iss nay jansi comedy "baab aind kirol aind tead aind ails" mein apnaa kamiyab filmi kirdaar adaa kiyaa jiss kay liye asay behtareen maawan adakarah kay academy aiward kay liye namzad kiyaa gayaa. cannon kuu iss zamray mein "hayon keenn weat" (1978) kay liye dobarah namzad kiyaa gayaa jiss say inhein behtareen maawan adakarah-motion pakchar kaa golden globe aiward milaa aur "iss tarah kay achhay dost" (1971) mein inn kay markazi kirdaar kay liye behtareen adakarah-motion pakchar dramah kay liye golden globe aiward kay liye namzad kiyaa gayaa. inhein "number winn" (1976) kay producer kay toor parr behtareen laiyo action shaart film kay academy aiward kay liye bhee namzad kiyaa gayaa jiss say wah kimray kay saamney aur peeche donon jagah aaskar kii namzadgi haasil karnay waali pehli khaatun bunn gayein. deegar filmein jinn mein toop nay perform kiyaa hay inn mein "dee low masheen" (1971)yee "shams" (1973)yee "dee laast aaf sheela" (1973)yee "child inder aey leaf" (1974)yee "revenge aaf dee punk painthar" (1978)yee "hunny sakal roz" (1980)yee "coast tuu coast" (1980)yee "ddith trape" (1982)yee "masnaf!" shaamil haine. masnaf!"(1982)yee" "cady sheek II" "(1988)yee" "8 heads inn aey dafeel beeg" "(1997)yee" "aaot tuu see" "(1997)yee aur" "boentan beach kalb" "(2005). cannon nay 1990 kii dahayi kay neem sawanah umri waalay dramay "dee aind aaf masoom" say fatcher directorate kaa aaghaz kiyaa jiss mein inhon nay likhaa aur adakari bhee kii. 1997 say 2000 takk inhon nay qanuni seerez "ailayi mcbeal" mein baar baar kirdaar adaa kiyaa. iss kay carrier kay sharoo honay say pehley toop kii shaadi carrie grant say teen saal takk hoyee aur iss nay apnay aklotay bachay betty genifer kuu janam diyaa. 1968 mein inn kii talaaq kay baad say shaadi parr baath karnay say garizaan toop nay 1986 mein grant kii moth kay baad ashaat kay soodon kuu mustarid kirr diyaa. inn kii yaaddasht "dair carrie" (2011) neoyork times kii sabb say ziyadah farokhat honay waali film bunn gayee. 2022 mein yaha aalaan kiyaa gayaa kahh iss kitaab kuu toop kay execto production kay saath aayee tye wee kay liye eek manee seerez mein dahaala jaaye gaa. ibtadayi zindagi. toop 4 januri 1937 kuu techoma washington mein gharilo khaatun clair ("nee" portnoye) aur life inshorans seils meen beenn freeson kii betty sameli ddiyaan freeson kay toor parr paida hoyee. iss kii prorish iss kii ashkanazi yahudi maan kay yahudi aqeede mein hoyee juu ukareen say tarkeen watan thein. iss kay waalid canadian menonite nasb kay anaboptist thay. iss kaa chhota bhayee jaaz mausiqar dude fryson hay. toop nay vest settle hayee school mein taleem haasil kii aur 1954 mein miss vest settle kaa taaj pehnaya gayaa. iss nay washington university mein dahayee saal guzaray. 1957 mein toop nay college chhod diyaa aur apnee khaalah seeli kay saath fenks arezona mein rehney chalee gayee jehaan iss nay miral lunch aind company mein nokari kii. eek traveling buznis meen kay saath iss kii mangani how gayee aur wah laas angeles mein apnay mangitar kay peeche chalee gayee. wah jald hyee alg how gayey leakin iss nay elaqay mein rehney aur yuu see eel aey mein daakhlah leenay kaa faislah kiyaa. paart tyme modeling kii nokari kay natijay mein producer jairi wald kay saath eek intervieve hawaa jiss nay mashurah diyaa kahh iss nay apnaa aakhri naam toop mein tabdil kirr diyaa. iss nay film "lees garlaz" kay promotional kaam kartay hoay ayem jee ayem say muahidah kiyaa aur adakari kay astaad senford mesner kay saath taleem haasil kii. carrier. toop nay 1960 mein "dee raiz aind faal aaf tangz diamond" say apnee filmi sharoaat kii. wah 1950 kii dahayi kay aakhir say teeli vision parr nazar aaa rahee thein jiss mein 1959 kii qast "leady lick" mein meeri lauri kay toor parr "bait mastern" parr mahman zahoor aur phir 1961 kii qast mein "dee price aaf paradise" mein ddiyaan genson kay toor parr shaamil thein. wah 1959 mein see bee aiss parr "qast 52 mein"yee venitiong aikat "yee batoor nakol macready nazar aayen. iss waqat kay qareeb wah ddaan dorant kii adakari waali see bee aiss western "jaanee rango" aur aey bee see parr jeek lardz kii western "stony bark" parr thein. wah 1961 mein trace steel raabart konrad aur konee stevens kay muqabil apnaa naam ddiyaan cannon istemaal kartay hoay "hawaiyayi aankh" parr bhee nazar aayen. 1962 mein toop "dee faine joday" mein jaine fonda aur breadford dalmeen kay saath braad way parr namodar hoyee. iss kay baad musical kii qomi toring company aayee "waaqee koshish kiye baghair karobar mein kisay kamiyab hoan"yee jiss mein inhon nay rozmeeri bajaya. 1964 mein inhon nay "gansamak" mein mahman adakari kii jiss mein inhon nay "aayivi norton" kaa kirdaar adaa kiyaa juu eek badsaloki kii betty hay juu iss shaqs say shaadi karnaa chahti hay jiss say wah mohabat karti hay. qast "aanti theed" (aiss 10 ayee 13). iss nay 1964 kii see bee aiss dramah seerez "dee reporter" kay qast "dee meen behand dee meen" mein monaa eleot kaa kirdaar adaa kiyaa. inhon nay "77 sinst strip"yee "achooton"yee pehli runn syndicated western seerez "tuu fees vest" kii 1960 kii qast "sheeraf aaf dee town" mein bhee mahmanon kii maujudgi kaa mazahirah kiyaa jiss mein walter koay batoor cotter aur 1962 kii "repcard" qast "haili copter rees" batoor repcard incorporated.'secertry aur isteqbaliya saaz maariyan hines. film "dee murder gaim" (1965) mein iss kaa eek aur kirdaar thaa phir iss nay chaar saal kii chhatti lay lee. toop kaa pehla badaa filmi kirdaar 1969 kii "baab aind kirol aind tead aind ails" mein aayaa jiss nay asay academy aiward aur golden globe namzadgi haasil kein. 1971 mein inhon nay chaar filmon mein kaam kiyaa: jacolin sosan kay naawal say "dee low masheen" vovo seen konari aur christopher waakan kay saath "dee anderson taps" vovo jaine paal belmondo aur amar shareef kay saath "dee berglers" vovo aur oto preminger kay "iss tarah kay achhay dost"yee jiss kay liye inhein behtareen adakarah kay liye golden globe namzadgi milly. iss kaa naam iss saal panchwen railies "doctoron kii bewiyon" kii marketing kay liye istemaal kiyaa gayaa thaa jiss mein sarf eek chemio zahoor kay bawajood iss kii topp blung thee. 1973 mein toop nay "shams" mein bert renolds kay saath kaam kiyaa aur "dee laast aaf sheela" mein sue mengers parr mubni eek agent kaa kirdaar adaa kiyaa aur theater maalkaan kii qomi aisosi aishan nay asay saal kii behtareen khaatun staar qaraar diyaa. 1974 mein inhon nay "child inder aey leaf" mein tanqidi toor parr sarahi gayee adakari kii aur hewi cattle kay saath tye wee kay liye banayi gayee film "warjiniya hull" mein kaam kiyaa. iss kay baad inhon nay fatcher filmon mein adakari say chaar saal kii ghair haaziri akhtiyar kii. toop nay 1970 kii dahayi kay wast mein laas vigas mein seezar kay mahal aur haarah kii jheel taahu mein apnee mausiqi kay stage aikat mein kaam kiyaa. iss kay baad inhon nay american film insity teut kii khwatin kii hidayat kaaree kii workshop mein daakhlah liyaa. wah "number winn" (1976) kay liye behtareen mukhtasir film laiyo action kay zamray mein namzad honay waali pehli aaskar namzad adakarah bunn gayein yaha eek aisa project thaa jiss kii tayaari hidayat kaaree tehreer aur tarmim kii gayee thee. yaha noamar jansi tajsas kii kahaani thee. 1978 mein toop nay "gulaabi painthar kaa badlah" mein shareek adakari kii. asee saal wah "jinat intezar kirr sakti hay" mein nazar aayen jiss kay liye inhein eek aur aaskar namzadgi milly aur inhon nay behtareen maawan adakarah kaa golden globe aiward jeeta. 1976 mein iss nay iss kay pehley seezan kay doraan "sneacher day night laiyo" kii mezbani kii aur 1979 mein "dee mopet show" kay choothay seezan mein mahman adakari kii. iss nay iss waqat kay bawaae friend armand assantay kay saath tye wee film "leady aaf dee house" (1978) mein shareek adakari kii juu seeli stenford kii zindagi kii dramah saazi hay. 1980 kii dahayi kay awail mein toop juu eek gulukaar/naghmah nigaar bhee hay walee neelson kay saath "hunny sakal roz" (1980) mein nazar aayee "coast tuu coast" (1980) raabart bleek kay saath "masnaf! masnaf!"(1982) ill pakino kay saath aur sudney lomet kii" "ddith trape" "(1982) michael keenn aur christopher riyo kay saath. inhon nay tye wee film "hayang autt aal" (1982) kay saath saath eek manee seerez "maaster aaf dee gaim" (1984) mein bhee kaam kiyaa phir "genies waar" (1985) mein tytle roll kiyaa. dazni kay liye "raak aine roll maan" (1988) bananay kay baad wah "cady sheek II" (1988) mein eek ijtemayi cast kay saath nazar aayen. iss kay alawah iss nay brenda rasal kay saath chakaa khaan kay album "dee weeman aayee ayem" kay liye tytle track mushtarkah toor parr likhaa. film industry mein inn kii khidmaat kay liyay cannon kuu 1983 mein haali wode waak aaf faim mein shaamil kiyaa gayaa thaa jiss mein 6608 haali wode boliward parr waaqa eek motion pakchar staar thaa. toop nay neem sawanah umri parr mubni film "dee aind aaf masoom" (1990) likhee hidayat kaaree kii aur adakari kii. iss kay baad wah "jail birds" (1991) mein felsia rashad aur "karsams inn kanektikt" (1992) mein curse christopherson aur tony crits kay saath nazar aayen jinn mein say moakhar alzikar kii hidayat kaaree arnold shawarzanegar nay kii thee iss say pehley kahh wah "baab aind kirol aind tead aind ails" kay director paal muzarsaki kay saath dobarah mill kirr "dee akal" (1993) kay liyay deaney aayelo kay saath. cannon kay maqbool teeli vision shoz "aur" practs "mein mahman kirdaar thay saath hyee saath" ailayi mcbeal "parr neem baqayedah honay kay naatay. 1997 mein inhein teen bury studio filmon kii release mein dekha jaa saktaa thaa: juu paiski kay saath "8 heads inn aey dafeel beeg" vovo "dee daarn cate" kaa remake vovo aur walter metho aur jeek leeman kay saath "aaot tuu see". asee saal iss nay saarah masheel galler kay saath tye wee film "beaurley hilz femli rabansan" mein kaam kiyaa. 2001 aur 2002 mein inhon nay tye wee seerez "tharee systers" mein baqayedah hasah liyaa. 2005 mein wah boentan beach kalb mein nazar aayen juu kahh fluorade kay inn amar rasidah baashindon kay baaray mein eek film hay jinhon nay ubhee ubhee apnay shareek hayaat kuu khoo diyaa hay. toop kii haqeeqi zindagi kay saabiq michael noori nay iss kii mohabat kii dilchaspi kaa kirdaar adaa kiyaa. iss kay baad kay kirdaron mein haal maark kay liye "aadhi raat kuu bosah" (2008) aur laurain breko aur peeni maarshil kay saath ghair aird pilot "khwatin baghair mardon" (2010) shaamil thay. inhon nay eek aur mukhtasir "inlessed" (2010) likhaa aur hidayat kaaree kii. screen say waqfe kay baad iss nay ghad sawaar theem waali khaandaani film "hops leesi" (2021) mein kaam kiyaa. toop nay aktobar 2011 mein "piyaray carrie: meeri zindagi kay saath carrie grant" naami eek yaaddasht shaye kii. iss say qabal 1986 mein softi lazaar nay apnay marhum saabiq shohar kay baaray mein likhnay kay liye inn say raabtah kiyaa thaa "laakhon" kuu thukra diyaa thaa aur kachh saal baad jacolin canady oonsees kii eek aur ashaat kii paishkash kuu mustarid kirr diyaa thaa yaha kehtay hoay kahh ubhee bhee shafa yaabi kii zarurat hay. cannon inn kii kitaab "aarchi" parr mubni chaar hasoon waali manee seerez kay execto producer kay toor parr kaam karti hay jiss kii tayari agast 2022 mein sharoo hoyee aur yaha aayee tye wee parr nashar hogi. zaati zindagi. 1961 mein toop nay adakaar carrie grant say deting sharoo kii juu iss say 33 saal baday thay. inhon nay 22 jolayi 1965 kuu shaadi kii aur inn kii eek betty genifer thee. toop nay satambar 1967 mein talaaq kay liye darkhwast dayer kii aur asay 21 maarch 1968 kuu hatmi shakal dee gayee. toop nay 18 apreel 1985 kuu raeel steat kay sarmayah kaar stenly fumberg say dosri shaadi kii. 1991 mein inn kii talaaq how gayee. 1978 say 1979 takk toop aur armand ascent awaam mein eek mustahkam shay thay. wah comedian mort saahil producer murry shostak telent agent rune wesner aur mujasmah saaz carle haart meen kay saath saath hidayat kaaron haal aishbi aur jairi shetzberg, aur adakaron hayee chees rune ailee aur michael noori kay saath bhee taluqat mein rahee haine. wah noori kay saath dostana rehti hay aur inn kay break app kay taqriba 40 saal baad iss kay saath premier mein gayee. 1972 mein toop nay inkshaf kiyaa kahh wah ibtadayi tharaapi mein masruf hay. wah laas angeles lekarz kii parastaar haine aur kayee dahayiyon say lekarz games mein sharkat kirr chaki haine. wah eek baar phir paida honay waali eisayi hay.

000123cfb4184af3d18b500cff9db337f29b19e9fbf34832d05c4916d2783dcb

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki?curid=3111127

ponad

ponad Polish. Etymology. . Compare and .

ponad palis. byutpotti. . tulona korok aaru.

ponad palisha. byutpatti. . tulna korun ebong.

ponad polisha. vyutpatti. . sarkhaamani karoo aneey.

ponad polish. vyutpatti. . tulanaa karein aur.

ponad palish. vyutpatti. . holisi mattu.

ponad poolish. padavyuthpathishaasthram. . thaarathamyam cheyyuka.

ponad polish. vyutpatti. . tulana qaraa aanee.

ponad polish. wyutpatti. . tulana garnuhos rar.

ponad palish. shabdawali. . tulna crow atey.

ponad polish. vyutpattih. . tulanam cha.

ponet balish. sorpirappiyal. . oppidavum.

ponad palish. vyutpatti. . polchi chudandi mariyu.

pond paalish. siftiyat. . mawaznah karein aur.

000125eb82b89a373575bbf028baa8747ee1122772368762350d15998c9bac61

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=58613156

Third gender in Sri Lanka

Third gender in Sri Lanka Gender identification rights in Sri Lanka The third gendered in Sri Lanka are not as openly discussed as in other parts of South Asia. Though a strong tradition of transgender people exists in Sri Lanka, and even though these people have been allowed to convert for a long period of time, third gendered people have mostly avoided mainstream discussion on the island. A number of reports state that the concept of third gender is not found on island, but binary concepts are found that are similar to third gender. History. Hinduism. The concept of gender changing is very common within historic and ancient Indian culture, and distinction between biological sex and cultural gender was not made. Sri Lanka's third gendered "hold an ancient association with a Hindu goddess of fertility to which they are said to sacrifice their own fertility for the sake of others. By becoming eunuchs, Hijras become semi-sacred, and can bless the health and fertility of newlyweds and newborns." The Tamils of the Northern Province have a culture of cross-dressing, "so [a male] being feminine isn’t an entirely alien concept". Buddhism. The term 'pandaka' can be used to trace the history of third gender back to the awakening of the Buddha and the arrival of Buddhism to Sri Lanka over two millennia ago. Buddhaghosa, a monk in Anurādhapura, Sri Lanka, wrote about "pandaka; they" "are full of defiling passions ("ussanakilesa)"; their lusts are unquenchable ("avupasantaparilaha"); and they are dominated by their libido ("parilahavegabhibhuta") and the desire for lovers just like prostitutes ("vesiya") and coarse young girls ("thulakumarika")". He also stated that they are “whose sexual burning is assuaged by taking another man’s member in his mouth and being sprayed by semen” and usuya (“jealous”) pandakas as those “whose sexual burning is assuaged by watching other people having sex”. The Pali Tipitaka, the form of Buddhism followed in Thailand and Sri Lanka, and the most complete transmission being held custodian in Sri Lanka, "mentions several different types of transgendered states and individuals – the man-like woman ("vepurisikā"), sexual indistinctness ("sambhinna"), one having the characteristics of both genders ("ubhatovyañjanaka"), etc.". Peter Jackson of the Australian National University felt that the Pali Canon had significant influence on the third gender cultures of Sri Lanka and similar countries such as Thailand; "Never the less ["sic"], what makes accounts of sex and gender in these ancient Indian texts especially fascinating is their contemporary relevance in Thailand, which together with Sri Lanka, Burma, Laos and Cambodia forms part of the Asian cultural sphere in which Theravada Buddhism remains a vital cultural institution.". Culture. They are employed in variety of job sectors, especially in "commercial sex work, beauty culture, Hospitality field, NGO sector and limited numbers in the government sector". Etymology. The term 'nachchi' is widely used to refer to transgender people, while napunseka can be used to imply a third gendered centric view of transexuals. The term 'Hijra' can also be used to refer to the third gendered community on the island. Pandaka. <templatestyles src="Template:Quote_box/styles.css" /> Tamil; peṇ ‘woman,’ peṇṭ u ‘woman, wife,’ peṇṭ an , pe ṇṭ akan , pe ṇṭ akam ‘hermaphrodite, eunuch,’ pe ṇṇ an ‘effeminate man,’ p ēṭ i ‘hermaphrodite’; Malayalam pe ṇ ‘a female, especially a female child, girl,’ pe ṇṇ an ‘effeminate’; Kannaḍa pe ṇ , pe ṇṇ u , pe ṇḍ a ‘female, woman,’ pe ṇ tana ‘state of being a female, feminine character or behavior’; Telugu pe ṇṭ i ‘woman,’ p ēḍ i ‘eunuch’; etc. The term 'pandaka' has two meaning in Indian languages. The first refers to 'eunuchs' and is of Tamil origin. The second refers to homosexual men and is academically considered to be a form of slang. Nachchi. Nachchis are described as being a variety of people that do not conform to hetereosexual male stereotypes. It was historically used to describe cross-dressers but now is mostly used to describe transgender people. A few organizations such as the National Aids Council describe the community as being "effeminate men who have sex with other men. They also operate as MSWs, and pick up clients from various cruising points. In addition to having clients, they often have regular male sex partners, with whom sexual activity takes place without financial transactions." It is debatable what this refers to however as there is no clean definition provided Other organizations describe them as being a subculture of the transgender community, often as a substitute for the terms such as third gender or hijra. Napunseka. A term found in Sinhalese that was historically used in a similar manner to nachchi, but now either refers to eunuchs or hermaphrodites. Politics. The situation in the Constitution of Sri Lanka is the same as the one found in the Constitution of India concerning gender equality, though the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka lacks the powers to repel and create law in the same manner that the Supreme Court of India has. Human Rights Watch stated that third gendered people were not protected by the legal system of Sri Lanka. It called on the parliament to decriminalize being third gender by repelling three laws; Sections 365 and 365A of the Sri Lankan Penal Code, and the Vagrants’ Ordinance. It also recommended that the government passes comprehensive laws to fight discrimination. LGBT rights activists have focused on improving conditions for transgender people who wish to convert to another binary gender, as opposed to the progression in Continental India, where the movement has focused on the third gendered community. There is apathy among sexual minorities on the island over third gendered rights because they feel it would slow down progression for other minority communities on the island who conform to binary gender. Identification. The Commissioner of the Department of Registrations of Persons, under the UPFA, stated that they will be providing new ID with a new number for transgender persons. Social issues. Financial Issues. A significant section of the third gendered community are forced to do sex work or beg for money as a result of being rejected by their biological parents. A disproportionate number of the community lack formal education and are unable to find jobs. A third gendered person explained, "“It’s very hard, in reality. It’s quite alright for the posher Colombo 07 people; they can be doctors and lawyers and such. The poorer people have it harder and are often mistreated, which is why they leave their families or live a life of secrecy. It’s also really hard to find work thanks to societal perceptions, which again is why you get many trans people who are engaged in sex work or who are dancers,”. A number of transgender people complain about the high cost of undertaking conversion to their desired gender, in-part because government funded facilities are generally of poorer quality and that a lack of trained staff exist on the island.<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />Chandrasena’s success enables her to get first-rate medical care. She started getting hair removal treatments in 2009; the facial laser treatment she undergoes every six months costs about 6,000 rupees ($45), Chandrasena says. She also spends about 39,000 rupees ($300) for each four-month supply of the estrogen injections she takes every other week. Those prices are average in Sri Lanka.It has been thought that a number of transgender people are forced to work as sex worked in order to earn money for themselves, though they face the risk of being arrested as prostitution is illegal on the island<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />Ranketh, a transgender man who asked that only his last name be used to protect his identity, says he spent years looking for doctors and psychiatrists to help him through his gender change, but at first he couldn’t find anyone to assist him. Health. The third gendered community often face discrimination from health workers on the island, and can find it hard to change their gender even if legally entitled to. Feminism. A complaint about the treatment of third gender in Sri Lanka states that the gender disparity between men and women in employment shows how hard it is for third gendered to gain employment. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

srilongkat tritiyo lingo dokhyin asier aan ongxor dore srilongkat tritiyo lingor lukoxokolor bixoye khulakhuli alusona koraa huwa naai. jodiu srilongkat trensgender lukoxokolor ek xoktixali porompora aase, aaru jodiu ei lukoxokolok dirghodin dhori dhormantorito hoh 'boloi onumoti diya hoise, tritiyo lingor lukoxokole besibhagei diptut mulxutir alusona erai goise. keibatau protibedonot kuwa hoise je tritiyo lingor dharonatu dipot puwa nayay, kintu dwoito dharonabur puwa yaay jibur tritiyo lingor xoite eke. itihax. hindu dhormo. oitihaxik aaru prasin bharotiyo xongoskritir bhitorot lingo poribortonor dharonatu oti xadharon, aaru joibik lingo aaru xangoskritik lingor maajot parthokyo koraa huwa nasil. srilongkar tritiyo lingor "gorbhodharonor egoraki hindu debir xoite ek prasin xomporko aase jaar baabe teuluke aanor baabe nijor gorbhodharon tyag kore buli kuwa hoy. nopungxok hoi hijoraxokol ordho-pobitro hoi pore, aaru nobobibahito aaru nobojatokor swasthyo aaru urborotak axirbad dibo paare." uttor prodexor tamilxokolor croch-dressingor xongoskriti aase, "xeyehe [purux] naari huwatu xompurnorupe bidexi dharona nohoy. boudho dhormo. dui haajar bosor purbe boudhor jagoron aaru srilongkaloi boudho dhormor aagomonor poraa tritiyo lingor itihaxor xondhan koriboloi 'pandok "xobdotu byobohar koribo paari. srilongkar onuradhpuror xonnyaxi buddhoghuse "pandok" ror bixoye likhisil; teuluk "opobitro aabeg (" uxanakilesa ") rey bhori aase; teulukor kaam-kaaj odomyo (" abhupxontoparilah "); aaru teulukor kaam-kaaj (" porilahbhegavivut ") aaru besya (" vesiya ") aaru mutaa suwali (" thulakumorika ") ror dore premikar issar dwara probhabito. teu logote koichil je teuluk hoise "jaar jouno jwolon aan ejon puruxor xodosyok mukhot loi aaru birjyo sotiyai xanto koraa hoy" aaru uxuya ("irxanwito") pandokxokolok "jixokolor jouno jwolon aan lukok jouno xomporko sthapon kori suwar dwara xanto koraa hoy". thailand aaru srilongkat onuxoron koraa boudho dhormor rup paali tipitak, aaru srilongkat ataitkoi xompurno xongkromonok rokhyonabekhyon koraa hoise, "bibhinno dhoronor trensgender rajyo aaru byoktir kotha ullekh korise-puruxor dore mohila (" vepurixika "), jouno ospostota (" xombhinna "), jaar duyuta lingor boixistyo aase (" ubhatubhiyanjonaka "), ityadi.". australier rastriyo biswobidyaloyor pitter jeksone onubhob korisil je srilongka aaru thailandor dore ekedhoronor dexor tritiyo lingo xongoskritir uporot paali onuxaxonor guruttopurno probhab aase; ", ei prasin bharotiyo gronthoxomuhot jounota aaru lingor biboronburok bixexbhabe aakorxoniyo kori tulaa hoise thailandot teulukor xomoxamoyik praxongikota, ji srilongka, borma, lauch aaru kambudiyar xoite ekeloge asean xangoskritik khyetror ongxo gothon kore zo 'too therabad boudho dhormo ek guruttopurno xangoskritik protisthan hoi aase.". xongoskriti. teulukok bibhinno sakori khondot nijukti diya hoy, bixexkoi "banijyik jouno kaam, xoundorjyo xongoskriti, aatithyo khyetro, eno. ji. oh". khondo aaru sorkari khondot ximito xongkhyok ". byutpotti. naschi "xobdotu trensgender lukoxokolok bujaboloi byapokbhabe byobohar koraa hoy, aanhate napunchekak trensexualor tritiyo lingo kendrik dristibhongi bujaboloi byobohar koribo paari. hijora "xobdotu diptur tritiyo lingor xomprodayok bujaboloiu byobohar koribo paari. pandok. bharotiyo bhaxaxomuhot 'pandok "xobdotur dutaa ortho aase. prothomtuwe 'nopungxok' koo bujay aaru ee taamil mulor. dwitiyotuwe xomokami puruxxokolok bujay aaru iyak xoikhyikbhabe opobhaxar ek rup buli gonyo koraa hoy. naschi. nasisok bibhinno dhoronor luk hisape bornona koraa hoy ji bire-lingiyo purux dharabahikotar xoite khaap nakhay. oitihaxikbhabe iyak croch-dreserxokolok bornona koriboloi byobohar koraa hoisil kintu etiya iyak besibhag trensgender manuhok bornona koriboloi byobohar koraa hoy. rastriyo xahajyo porixodor dore keikhonman xongsthai ei xomprodayok "onyo puruxor xoite jouno xomporko sthapon koraa protibhaxali purux" buli bornona korise. teuluke em. ess. dobliu. ess. hisapeu kaam kore, aaru bibhinno cruising pointor poraa grahokxokolok loy. grahok thokar uporiu, teulukor praye niyomiya purux jouno xongi thaake, jaar xoite bittiyo lenden obihone jouno karzokolap hoy."eitu bitorkito je ee ki bujay obosye kunu poriskar xongya prodan koraa huwa naai. aan xongsthaxomuhe teulukok trensgender xomprodayor upoxongskriti hisape bornona kore, praye tritiyo lingo baa hijorar dore xobdor bikolpo hisape. nopunchek. xingholi bhaxat puwa etaa xobdo jitu oitihaxikbhabe naschir dore eke dhorone byobohar koraa hoisil, kintu etiya hoy nopungxok baa hermaphroditexokolok bujay. rajneeti. srilongkar xongbidhanor poristhiti lingo xomotar xondorbhot bharotor xongbidhanot puwa poristhitir dorei, jodiu bharotor uschotom nyayaloyor dore srilongkar uschotom nyayaloyor protihot koraa aaru aain sristi korar khyomota naai. manob odhikar waase koichil je tritiyo lingor lukoxokolok srilongkar aainee byowosthar dwara xurokhito koraa huwa nasil. ee xongxodok tinita aain protihot kori tritiyo lingo huwatu oporadhmukto koriboloi aahban jonaisil; srilongkar dondobidhir dhaara 365 aaru 365 e, aaru bhromonkari odhyadex. iyar uporiu sorkare boixomyor biruddhe juj diboloi byapok aain pronoyon korar poramorxo diya hoy. el. ji. bi. ti. odhikar kormixokole mohadexiyo bharotor progotir biporite, jikhon andulonot tritiyo lingor xomprodayor uporot gurutwo aarup koraa hoise, aan dwoito lingoloi poriworton koribo bisora trensgender lukoxokolor poristhiti unnot korar uporot gurutwo aarup korise. diptut jouno xongkhyaloghuxokolor maajot tritiyo lingor odhikarok loi udaxinota aase kaaron teuluke onubhob kore je ee diptur onyanyo xongkhyaloghu xomprodayor baabe ogrogoti hraax koribo ji dwoito lingor xoite xongoti raakhe. sinaktokoron. upofar odhinot thoka byoktir ponjiyon bibhagor ayuktoi koy je teuluke trensgender byoktir baabe etaa notun nomboror xoite notun id prodan koribo. xamajik xomosya. bittiyo xomosya. tritiyo lingor xomprodayor etaa guruttopurno ongxor joibik pitri-matriye nakoch korar folot jouno kaam koriboloi baa dhonor baabe bhikhya koriboloi badhyo koraa hoy. xomprodayor ek oxom xongkhyok lukor anusthanik xikhyar obhab aase aaru teuluke sakori bisari napay. ejon tritiyo lingor byoktiye byakhya korisil, "bastobot eitu oti kothin. posar kolombu 07 john lukor baabe eitu ekebare bhaal; teuluk sikitsok aaru odhibokta aaru ene hoh 'bob paare. doridro lukoxokolor baabe ee odhik kothin aaru praye teulukor xoite beyaa byobohar koraa hoy, xeyehe teuluke teulukor poriyal eri yaay baa guponiyo jiwan jaapon kore. xamajik dharonar baabe kaam bisari puwatuu xosakoiye kothin, xeyehe aapuni jouno kaamot niyujit baa nrityoxilpi bohutu trains manuhok paab. keibajonu trensgender luke teulukor akangkhyito lingoloi rupantor korar uscho byoyor bixoye obhijug kore, angxikbhabe kaaron sorkari puji prodan koraa xubidhaxomuh xadharonote durbol mandondor aaru dipot proxikhito kormosarir obhab aase.eitu dharona koraa hoise je keibajonu trensgender lukok nijor baabe dhon uparjon koriboloi jouno kaam koriboloi badhyo koraa hoy, jodiu dipot potitabritti oboidho huwar baabe teulukok greptar korar axongkar xonmukhin hoh 'bob logaa hoy. swasthyo. tritiyo lingor xomprodaituwe praye diptut swasthyo kormixokolor poraa boixomyor xonmukhin hoy, aaru aaineebhabe odhikar thoka swotweu teulukor lingo xoloni koratu kothin hoh 'bob paare. naribad. srilongkat tritiyo lingor xoite huwa byoboharor bixoye ek obhijugot kuwa hoise je sakorir khetrot purux aaru mohilar maajot thoka lingo boixomyoi dekhuway je tritiyo lingor baabe sakori laabh koratu kiman kothin.

srilankai tritiya ling srilankai tritiya linger manushder niye dakkhin assier anyanno ongsher moto prokashye alochona koraa hoy naa. jodio srilankai rupantarkamider ekti shaktishali oitijhyo vidyaman, ebong jodio eyi lokder deergho somoyer jonno dhormantorito howar anumati deoa hoyeche, tritiya linger lokera beshirbhagi dweepe muldhara alochona ediye cholen. besh koyekti protibedone bolla hoyeche jey, dweepe tritiya linger dharona pawa yaay naa, tobey binary dharonaguli pawa yaay jaa tritiya linger anurup. itihas. hindudharma. oitihasik oo prachin bharatiya sangaskritite ling poribortoner dharonati khub sadharan ebong joibik ling oo sangoskritik linger modhye parthokyo koraa hoyney. srilankar tritiya linger "urborotar hindu debir saathe ekti prachin somporko royeche jaar kachhe taaraa onnoder jonno taader nijaswa urborota tyag korey boley money koraa hoy. nopungsok hoye hijra ordho-pobitro hoye othe ebong nobobibahito oo nobojatokder swastho oo urborotake ashirbad korte paare." uttor prodesher tamilder cross-dressing korar sangaskriti royeche, "taai [ekjon purush] naarii haoya sampurnarupe bideshi dharona noy. bouddhodhormo. dui sahasrabda agey buddher jagoron ebong srilankai bouddhodhormer agmon porjonto tritiya linger itihas khunje berr korte 'pandak' shobdoti byabohar koraa jete paare. srilankar anuradhapur sannasi buddhaghosa pandak somporke likhechen; taaraa "ashuchi abege purno (" usanakiles "); taader kaam-basnaguli adamya (" avupasantaparilaha "); ebong taader kamshakti (" parilahobhegavivuto ") ebong beshya (" vesia ") ebong motaa alpavayasi meyeder (" tulkumarika ") moto premikder akangkha dwara probhabito hoy. tini arow bolechilen jey taaraa "jaader jouno jwala onno purusher sadasyake mukhe niye giye ebong birjo sprey korey proshomito hoy" ebong usua ("irshannito") pandakder "onno lokeder jouno millon dekhe jaader jouno jwala proshomito hoy". pully tipitak, thyland ebong srilankai bouddhodhormer roop, ebong srilankai sabcheye sampurna sankramanke hefazte rakha hachche, bivinno dharaner transgender rajyo ebong byaktider ullekh korey-purusher moto mohila ("vepuricica"), jouno osposhtota ("sambhina"), jaar ubhoy linger baisishtya royeche ("uvatovianjanaka") ityadi.". australian jatiya bishwobidyaloyer pitter jackson onubhob korechilen jey srilanka ebong thailyander moto anurup deshgulir tritiya ling sangaskritir upor pully onushashon ullekhjoggo prabhab feleche; ", eyi prachin bharatiya gronthe jounota ebong linger biboron jaa biseshbhabe akarshaniya korey toley taa holl thylande taader somosamoyik prasongikota, jaa srilanka, borma, laos ebong cambodier saathe mille eshiya sangoskritik khettrer ongsho, jekhane therbad bouddhodhormo ekti guruttopurno sangoskritik protisthan hisabe roye geche.". sangaskriti. taanra bivinno dharaner chakri khettre nijukto, bishesh korey "banijyik jouno kaaj, soundorjo sangaskriti, atitheyata khettro, ngo khettro ebong seemit sankhyak sarkari khettre". byutpatti. nachchi' shobdoti rupantarkamider bojhate byapokbhabe byabohrito hoy, onnodike napunseka transexualder tritiya ling kendrik drishtibhongike bojhate byabohar koraa jete paare. hijda' shobdoti dweeper tritiya linger sampradaykeo bojhate byabohar koraa jete paare. pandak. bharatiya bhasay 'pandak' shobder duti ortho royeche. prothomti 'nopungsokder' bojhai ebong etty tamil bongshodbhuto. dwitiyoti samakami purushder bojhai ebong ekademikbhabe etike apobhashar ekti roop hisabe bibechona koraa hoy. nachchi. nachchiske bivinno dharaner manush hisabe bornona koraa hoy jaaraa bishamkami purush stereotypegulir saathe samanjasyapurna noy. etty oitihasikbhabe cross-dresserder bornona korte byabohrito hoto tobey ekhon beshirbhag transgender manushke bornona korte byabohrito hoy. jatiya sahayata counciler moto koyekti sangostha eyi sampradayke "onno purushder saathe jouno somporko sthaponkari narisulov purush" hisabe bornona korey. taaraa emm. esha. dobleeu. hisabeo kaaj korey ebong bivinno cruising point theke clientder tuley neyo. client thucker pashapashi, taader prayashai niyamita purush jouno sangi thaake, jaader saathe arthik lenden chharai jouno criacollup hoy."etty qee bojhai taa bitorkito, tobey konao porishkar sangya pradan koraa hoyney. anyanno sangosthaguli taader rupantarkami sampradayer ekti uposongskriti hisabe bornona korey, prayashai tritiya ling baa hijadar moto shobder bikalpa hisabe. napunseka. singhali bhasay pawa ekti shobdo jaa oitihasikbhabe nachchir moto ekibhabe byabohrito hoto, kintu ekhon hoy nopungsok baa bheshojder bojhai. rajneeti. srilankar sangbidhaner poristhiti ling somota somporkito bharoter sangbidhane pawa poristhitir motoi, jodio srilankar supreme courte bharoter supreme courter moto aain toiri korar khomota nei. human rites watch janiyeche jey tritiya linger lokera srilankar aini byabostha dwara surokkhito chhilo naa. etty tinti aain-srilankar dandabidhir dhara 365 ebong 365ayee ebong varants ordinance-keey protihoto korey tritiya lingke oporadhmukto korar jonno sangsader proti ahoban janiyeche. baisamyer biruddhe ladai korar jonno sarkarke byapok aain pusses koraro superish koraa hoyeche. ell. zii. bii. tii adhikar karmira mahadeshiya bharoter aggrogotir biporite, jekhane andolonti tritiya linger sampradayer upor drishti niboddho koreche, onno binary ling rupantar korte chaan emon transgender manusher abosthar unnotir dike mononibesh korechen. tritiya linger adhikar niye dweeper jouno sankhyalaghuder modhye udasinota royeche kaaron taaraa money korey jey etty dweeper anyanno sankhyalaghu sampradayer jonno aggrogoti dheer korey debe jaaraa dwaito linger saathe samanjasyapurna. porichoy. upofar adhine byaktider nibondhokoron bibhager commissioner bolechen jey taaraa rupantarkami byaktider jonno ekti notun nambar soho notun aidi pradan korbe. samajik samasya. arthik samasya. tritiya linger sampradayer ekti ullekhjoggo ongsho taader joibik pitamatar dwara prottakhyato howar foley jouno kaaj korte baa orther jonno bhikkha korte badhyo hoy. osomo sankhyak sampradayer anusthanik shikkhar abhab royeche ebong taaraa chakri khunje paay naa. ekjon tritiya linger byakti byakhya korechilen, "bastobe etty khub kathin. abhijato columbo 07 joner jonno etaa besh thhik achhe; taaraa daktar ebong aainjibi ebong erokom hotey paare. daridra manushder etty arow kathin hoy ebong prayashai taader saathe durbyobohar koraa hoy, jey karone taaraa taader poribar chhede choley yaay baa gopaniya jeebonjapon korey. samajik upolobdhir karone kaaj khunje pawa sottii kathin, jey karone abar upney onek trance manush paan jaaraa jouno kaaje nijukto baa jaaraa nrityashilpi. besh koyekjon rupantarkami manush taader pochondosoi linger rupantarer uchcho kharach somporke abhijog corren, kaaron angshikbhabe sarkari orthayone subidhaguli sadharonoto nimnomaner hoy ebong dweepe proshikkhito karmider abhab royeche.money koraa hoy jey, besh koyekjon rupantarkami manush nijeder jonno ortho uparjoner jonno jouno kaaj hisabe kaaj korte badhyo hoy, jodio dweepe potitabritti aboidho howa taader greptar howar jhunki royeche. swastho. tritiya linger sampradai prayashai dweepe swastho karmider theke baisamyer mukhomukhi hoy ebong ainoto adhikar thakleo taader ling poriborton koraa kathin boley money korte paare. naribad. srilankai tritiya linger proti acharan somporke ekti abhijoge bolla hoyeche jey, kormokkhetre purush oo mohilader modhye ling baisamma dekhay jey tritiya linger jonno kormosongsthan orjon koraa kotota kathin.

shrilankama truteey ling shrilankama trija lingnee charcha dakshin aesheeyana anya bhagoni jaim khulleaam thatee nathee. joke transgender lokonee majboot parampara shrilankama astitvamaa chhe, aneey aaa lokone laambaa samaythi dharm parivartan karvaanee manjuri aapvama aavee hovaa chhataa, truteey jaatinaa lokoae taapu parr mukhya pravaahnee charchaane motaabhaage taalee chhe. sankhyaabandh ahevaalo janaave chhe keey truteey lingno khyaal taapu parr jovaa malato nathee, parantu dwisangi vibhavnao jovaa maley chhe jeey truteey ling jevee jaj chhe. itihas. hindu dharm. aitihasik aneey praachin bhaartiy sanskrutima ling parivartanno khyaal khoob jaj saamanya chhe, aneey jaivik ling aneey saanskrutik ling vachcheno tafaavat karvaamaa aavyo naa hato. shrilankaanaa trija lingnaa loko prajanankshamtani hindu devee saathe praachin jodaan dharaave chhe, jene teo anya loko maate potaani prajankshamtaano tyaag karey chhe. napunsak baneene, hijra ardh-pavitra bunny jaay chhe, aneey navdampatio aneey navjaat shishuona svaasthya aneey prajanankshamtaane aashirvaad aapee shake chhe." uttareey praantnaa tamiloma cross-dressingni sanskruti chhe, "tethee [purush] stritva aee sampurnpane paraayu khyaal nathee". bauddh dharm. pandak' shabdno upyog buddhnaa jagruti aneey beey sahastraabdi pahelaa shrilankama bauddh dharmnaa aagman sudhinaa trija lingnaa itihaasne shodhvaa maate thaee shake chhe. shrilankaanaa anuradhapurana saadhu buddhaghose "pandako" vishe lakhyu hatoo; teo "ashuddh jusso (" usanakiles ") thee bharela chhe; temnee vaasnaao adraavya (" avupsantparilah ") chhe; aneey teo parr temnee kamvasna (" parilahvegabhibhut ") aneey veshyaao (" vesiya ") aneey barchhat yuvan chhokario (" tulkumarika ") jevaa premeeoni ichcha prabhutva dharaave chhe. temane aema pann kahyoo hatoo keey teo "jemnaa jaatiy baltaraa anya purushnaa sabhyane monmaa laeene aneey veerya dwara chhantvathi shaant thaay chhe" aneey usuya ("irshya") pandako "jemnaa jaatiy baltaraa anya lokone sambhog kartaa joine shaant thaay chhe". thailenda aneey shrilankama anusarvaamaa aavtaa bauddh dharmnu swaroop paalee tipitaka aneey shrilankama sauthee sampoorn prasaaran, "viveedh prakaarnaa transgender raajyo aneey vyaktiono ullekh karey chhe-purush jevee stree (" vepurisica "), jaatiy aspashtata (" sambhinna "), jeey banne jaateeo (" ubhatovyanjanaka ") nee lakshaniktao dharaave chhe, vagere.". australian national universityna pieter jaiksonne laagyu keey paalee siddhaantno shrilanka aneey thailenda jevaa samaan deshoni truteey jaatee sanskruteeo parr nondhpaatra prabhaav chhe; ", aaa praachin bhaartiy granthomaa jeey baabat jaatee aneey lingnaa ahevaalone khaas kareene rasprad banaave chhe teey thailendamaa temnee samkalin susangataa chhe, jeey shrilanka, berma, laos aneey kembodiya saathe maleene aeshiyan saanskrutik kshetrano bhaag chhe jemaa thervaad bauddh dharm aek mahatvapurn saanskrutik sanstha chhe.". sanskruti. teo viveedh nokarinaa kshetroma kaaryarat chhe, khaas kareene "vyaavsaayik seqsa varqa, saundarya sanskruti, aatithya kshetra, enjeeo kshetra aneey sarkari kshetramaa maryadit sankhyama". vyutpatti. nachee' shabdno upyog transgender lokone sandarbhit karvaa maate vyaapakpane thaay chhe, jyaare nepunsekano upyog transexualna trija ling kendrit drashtikonne soochit karvaa maate thaee shake chhe. hijra' shabdno upyog taapu parnaa trija jaatinaa samudaayne sandarbhit karvaa maate pann thaee shake chhe. pandka. bhaartiy bhashaoma 'pandak' shabdnaa beey arth chhe. pratham 'napunsak' noow ullekh karey chhe aneey teey tamil mulno chhe. beejo samlaingik purushono sandarbh aape chhe aneey shaikshanik reete tene asheesht bhashanu aek swaroop manvama aave chhe. nachee. naachione viveedh prakaarnaa loko tareeke varnavama aave chhe jeey vishamalingi purush rudhichustataaone anuroop nathee. teno upyog aitihasik reete cross-dressersnu varnan karvaa maate thato hato parantu havey teno upyog motaabhaage transgender lokonu varnan karvaa maate thaay chhe. raashtriy sahaay parishad jevee ketalik sansthao aaa samudaayne "anya purusho saathe jaatiy sambandh dharaavtaa stripurusho" tareeke varnave chhe. teo aema. aesa. doubleu. aesa. tareeke pann kaama karey chhe aneey viveedh cruising point parthee graahakone pasand karey chhe. graahako hovaa upraant, teo ghanivaar niyameet purush seqsa bhagidaro dharaave chhe, jaimnee saathe nanakiy vyavhaaro vinaa jaatiy pravrutee thaay chhe."teey vivadaspad chhe keey aaa shun sandarbhit karey chhe, joke tyaan koee swachchh vyakhya aapvama aavee nathee. anya sansthao temne transgender samudaayni petaa sanskruti tareeke varnave chhe, ghanivaar truteey ling athavaa hijada jevaa shabdona vikalp tareeke. napunseka. sinhali bhashama jovaa malato aek shabd jeno upyog aitihasik reete nachee jevee jaj reete thato hato, parantu havey teey kaan too napunsak athavaa hermaphroditeno ullekh karey chhe. raajkaaran. shrilankaanaa bandharanni sthitee aee jaj chhe jeey bhaaratnaa bandharanma laingik samaantaane lagatee chhe, joke shrilankani sarvoch adalatma bhaaratni sarvoch adalatni jaim jaj kayadaanu nirmaan karvaanee sattaa nathee. human rites voche janaavyu hatoo keey truteey jaatinaa loko shrilankani kaanuni vyavastha dwara suraksheet nathee. tene sansadne trana kaayadao; shrilankaanaa dund sanhitani kalam 365 aneey 365aee aneey bhataktaa vatahukamne door kareene truteey ling hovaanu apraadhmukt karvaa haakal curry hatee. tene aevee pann bhalaaman curry hatee keey sarkaar bhedbhaav saame ladvaa maate vyaapak kaayada pasaar karey. aela. jee. bii. tii. adhikaar karykartaoae transgender loko maate paristhiti sudhaarvaa parr dhyaan kendrit karyoo chhe, jeo anya dwisangi lingmaan parivartit thavaa maange chhe, jeey khandeey bharatma pragatini viruddh chhe, jyaan chalval trija lingnaa samudaay parr kendrit chhe. taapu parr jaatiy laghumatiomaa truteey jaatinaa adheekaro ange udasinta chhe kaaran keey temne laage chhe keey teey taapu parnaa anya laghumati samudaayo maate pragatine dheemu karashe jeey dwisangi lingne anuroop chhe. odakh. vyaktionaa nondhani vibhagna commissionare, upfaa hethal janaavyu hatoo keey teo transgender vyakteeo maate navaa number saathe navoo odakhpatra pradaan karashe. saamaajik muddaao. nanakiy samasyao. trija lingnaa samudaayno nondhpaatra varg temnaa jaivik matapita dwara nakaari kadhvana parinaame jaatiy kaary karvaa athavaa paisa maate bheekh mangva maate majboor thaay chhe. samudaayni apramansar sankhyama aupcharik shikshanno abhaav chhe aneey teo nokri shodhvaamaa asamarth chhe. trija lingnee vyakteeae samjaavyu, "teey kharekhar khoob jaj mushkel chhe. posher colombo 07 loko maate teey ekdam theek chhe; teo doctoro aneey vakeelo aneey aavaa hoi shake chhe. garib loko maate teey vadhu mushkel hoya chhe aneey ghanivaar temnee saathe durvyavhaar karvaamaa aave chhe, tethee jaj teo temnaa parivaarone chhodi deey chhe athavaa goopt jeevan jeeve chhe. saamaajik dhaarnaaone kaarane kaama shodhvu pann kharekhar mushkel chhe, tethee jaj tamane ghanaa trans loko maley chhe jeo seqsa varkmaa rokaayela hoya athavaa jeo nartako hoya. sankhyaabandh transgender loko temnaa ichchhit lingmaan rupaantar karvaanaa unchaa kharch vishe fariyad karey chhe, kaaran keey sarkari bhandolthi chaalati suveedhao saamanya reete nabalee gunvattaani hoya chhe aneey taapu parr prashikshit karmchariono abhaav chhe.aevu manvama aave chhe keey sankhyaabandh transgender lokone potaana maate paisa kamavva maate seqsa tareeke kaama karvaanee faraj padvama aave chhe, jooe keey taapu parr veshyavrutee gerkaydesar hovathi temnee dharapkad thavaanu jokham chhe svaasthya. trija jaatinaa samudaayne ghanivaar taapu parr aarogya karmchaareeo tarafthi bhedbhavno saamno karvo padey chhe, aneey kaydesar reete hakdaar hovaa chhataa temnu ling badalvu mushkel bunny shake chhe. narivad. shrilankama truteey jaatee saathe vartanuk angeni fariyad janaave chhe keey rojgaarmaa purusho aneey streeo vachcheni ling asamanta darshaave chhe keey truteey jaatee maate rojgaar melavvo ketalo mushkel chhe.

srilanka mein tritiya ling srilanka mein teesare ling kii charcha dakshin asia key anya hisson kii tarah khule taur parr naheen kii jaati haye. haalaanki transgender logon kii ack majboot parampara srilanka mein maujood haye, aur bhale hii inn logon koo lambe samay seey dharm parivartan karane kii anumati dee gaee haye, teesare ling key logon ney dweep parr mukhyadhara kii charcha seey jyaadaatar parhej kiya haye. kaee reports mein kahaa gayaa haye kii teesare ling kii avadharana dweep parr naheen paaee jaati haye, lekin dwiaadhaari avadhaaranaaen paaee jaati hain joe teesare ling key samaan hain. itihas. hindu dharm. aitihaasik aur pracheen bhaaratiya sanskriti mein ling parivartan kii avadharana bahut aam haye, aur javic ling aur saanskritik ling key beach antar naheen kiya gayaa thaa. srilanka key teesare ling key logon kaa prajanan kshamata kii ack hindu devi key saath ack pracheen sambandh haye jisake baare mein kahaa jaataa haye kii way dusaron key liye apani prajanan kshamata kaa tyag karate hain. hijade napunsak bunn curr ardh-pavitra hoe jaate hain, aur navvivaahiton aur navjat shishuon key swaasthya aur prajanan kshamata koo aashirvaad dey sakate hain." uttari praant key tamilon mein cross-dressing kii sanskriti haye, "isaliye [ack purush] stree honah poori tarah seey videshi avadharana naheen haye. bauddh dharm. pandak' shabd kaa upayog dou sahasraabdiyon pahale buddh key jaagaran aur srilanka mein bauddh dharm key aagaman taka teesare ling key itihas kaa pataa lagaane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. srilanka key anuradhapur key ack bhikshu buddhaghos ney "pandak" key baare mein likhaa; way "ashuddh karane vaale junoon (" usankiles ") seey bharey hue hain; unaki vaasanaaen adamya (" avupasantaparilah ") hain; aur way apani kamvasna (" parilaahvegaabhibhut ") aur veshyaon (" vesia ") aur motey yuva ladkiyon (" tulkumarika ") kii tarah premiyon kii ichcha seey prabhaavit hain. unhone yeh bhee kahaa kii way "jinake yaun jalan koo dusare purush key sadasya koo usake munh mein lene aur veerya dwara chhidka jaane seey shaant kiya jaataa haye" aur usuya ("irshya") pandakon koo "una logon key roop mein" jinka yaun jalan koo anya logon koo yaun sambandh banaate hue dekhkar shaant kiya jaataa haye. paali tipitaka, thyland aur srilanka mein bauddh dharm kaa roop, aur srilanka mein sabse poorna sancharan sanrakshak key roop mein aayojit kiya jaa rhaa haye, kaee alag-alag prakaar key transgender raajyon aur vyaktiyon kaa ullekh kartaa haye-purush jaisi mahila ("vepurisica"), yaun aspashtata ("sambhinna"), jisamen donon lingon kii visheshataaen ("ubhatovyanjanaka"), aadi hain.". australiyai rashtriya vishvavidyalaya key peater jackson ney mahsoos kiya kii paali siddhant kaa srilanka aur thyland jaise samaan deshon kii tritiya ling sanskritiyon parr mahatvapurna prabhaav haye; ", inn pracheen bhaaratiya granthon mein ling aur ling key vivaran vishesh roop seey aakarshak banaate hain thyland mein unaki samkaaleen prasangikta haye, joe srilanka, barma, laos aur cambodia key saath milkar asiai saanskritik kshetra kaa hissa haye jisamen therwad bauddh dharm ack mahatvapurna saanskritik sansthaan banaa huaa haye.". sanskriti. way vibhinn prakaar key naukari kshetron mein kaaryarat hain, vishesh roop seey "vaanijyik yaun kaary, saundarya sanskriti, aatithya kshetra, ngo kshetra aur sarkari kshetra mein seemit sankhya mein". vyutpatti. nachi' shabd kaa vyaapak roop seey transgender logon koo sandarbhit karane key liye upayog kiya jaataa haye, jabaki napunseka kaa upayog transexual key teesare ling kendrit drishtikon koo ingit karane key liye kiya jaa sakata haye. hijada' shabd kaa upayog dweep parr teesare ling key samudaay koo sandarbhit karane key liye bhee kiya jaa sakata haye. pandka. bhaaratiya bhaashaon mein 'pandak' shabd key dou arth hain. pahala 'napunsak' koo sandarbhit kartaa haye aur tamil mool kaa haye. doosara samlaingik purushon koo sandarbhit kartaa haye aur ise akaadamik roop seey apshabd kaa ack roop maanaa jaataa haye. nachi. nachis koo vibhinn prakaar key logon key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye joe vishamalaingik purush roodhivaadita key anuroop naheen hain. iska upayog aitihaasik roop seey cross-dresser kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa thaa, lekin abb iska upayog jyaadaatar transgender logon kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. rashtriya sahaayata parishad jaise kuchh sangathan samudaay koo "anya purushon key saath yaun sambandh banaane vaale stree-purush purush" key roop mein varnit karate hain. way aim. aiss. doubleu. key roop mein bhee kaam karate hain, aur vibhinn cruising binduon seey grahakon koo uthaate hain. graahak honey key alawa, unake paas aksar niyamit purush yaun saathi hotey hain, jinake saath yaun gatividhi binaa vittiya lenden key hoti haye."yeh vivadaspad haye kii yeh kyaa sandarbhit kartaa haye, halanki koee spasht paribhasha pradaan naheen kii gaee haye. anya sangathan unhein transgender samudaay kii ack upasanskriti key roop mein varnit karate hain, aksar teesare ling yaa hijada jaise shabdon key vikalp key roop mein. napunseka. singhali mein paaya jaane vaalaa ack shabd jiska upayog aitihaasik roop seey nachi key samaan kiya jaataa thaa, lekin abb yaa tou napunsakon yaa hermaphrodite koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. rajneeti. srilanka key samvidhaan mein sthiti vaisi hii haye jaisi langic samaantaa key sambandh mein bhaarat key samvidhaan mein paaee gaee haye, halanki srilanka key sarvocch nyayalaya mein usee tarah seey kaanoon banaane aur hataane kii shaktiyon kaa abhaav haye jaise bhaarat key sarvocch nyayalaya key paas haye. human rites watch ney kahaa kii teesare ling key loga srilanka kii kanuni pranali dwara sanrakshit naheen they. isane sansad seey teen kaanoonon koo darkinar karke teesare ling honey koo aparaadh seey mukt karane kaa ahwan kiya; srilanka dund sanhita kii dhaara 365 aur 365aeye, aur awara adhyadesh. isane yeh bhee sifarish kii kii sarkaar bhedbhaav seey ladane key liye vyaapak kaanoon paarit karey. ell. jee. bee. tii. adhikaar kaaryakartaon ney una transgender logon key liye sthitiyon mein sudhaar parr dhyaan kendrit kiya haye joe ack anya dwiaadhaari ling mein parivartit honah chaahte hain, joe mahadvipiya bhaarat mein pragati key vipareet haye, jahaan andolan ney teesare ling vaale samudaay parr dhyaan kendrit kiya haye. dweep parr yaun alpsankhyakon key beach teesare ling key adhikaaron koo laker udasinta haye kyonki unhein lagata haye kii yeh dweep parr anya alpasankhyak samudaayon key liye pragati koo dheema curr dega joe dwiaadhaari ling key anuroop hain. pehchaan. vyaktiyon key panjikaran vibhaag key aayukt ney kahaa kii way transgender vyaktiyon key liye ack nae number key saath naee pehchaan patra pradaan karenge. samajik mudde. vittiya mudde. tritiya ling samudaay kaa ack mahatvapurna varg apane javic maataa-pitaa dwara aswikar kiye jaane key parinamswarup yaun kaary karane yaa paise kii bheekh maangane key liye majboor hotaa haye. samudaay kii ack asman sankhya mein aupchaarik shiksha kii kamee haye aur way naukari khojane mein asamarth hain. ack teesare ling key vyakti ney samajhaaya, "vaastav mein yeh bahut kathin haye. posher colombo 07 logon key liye yeh kaafee thheek haye; way doctor aur vakeel aur aise hoe sakate hain. garib logon koo yeh mushkil hotaa haye aur aksar unake saath durvyavahar kiya jaataa haye, yahee kaaran haye kii way apane parivaar koo chhod dete hain yaa gopaniyata kaa jeevan jeete hain. samajik dhaaranaon key kaaran kaam dhoondhana bhee vaastav mein kathin haye, yahee kaaran haye kii aapako kaee trance loga milate hain joe yaun kaary mein lagey hue hain yaa joe nartak hain. kaee transgender loga apane vaanchhit ling mein roopaantaran karane kii uchch laagat key baare mein shikayat karate hain, aanshik roop seey kyonki sarkari vitt poshit suvidhaaen aam taur parr kharaab gunavatta kii hoti hain aur dweep parr prashikshit karmchaariyon kii kamee maujood haye.aisaa maanaa jaataa haye kii kaee transgender logon koo apane liye paisa kamaane key liye sex key roop mein kaam karane key liye majboor kiya jaataa haye, halanki unhein giraftar kiye jaane kaa khatra hotaa haye kyonki dweep parr veshyavritti avaidh haye. swaasthya. teesare ling key samudaay koo aksar dweep parr swaasthya kaaryakartaon seey bhedbhaav kaa saamana karna padata haye, aur kanuni roop seey hakdar honey key bavjood apane ling koo badalana mushkil hoe sakata haye. narivad. srilanka mein teesare ling key saath vyavhaar key baare mein ack shikayat mein kahaa gayaa haye kii rojgar mein purushon aur mahilaaon key beach langic asamaanta seey pataa chalata haye kii teesare ling key liye rojgar praapt karna kitna kathin haye.

srilankaadalli moorane linga srilankaadalli moorane lingadavarannu daksina eshyaada itara bhagagalalli bahirangavagi charchisalagilla. srilankaadalli trutiyalingigala balavaada sampradaayaviddaru, ee janarige deerghakaaladavarege mataantaragollalu avakasha niididdaroo, moorane lingada janaru dweepadalli mukhyavahiniya charcheyannu hechchaagi tappisiddaare. dweepadalli moorane lingada parikalpane kandubaruvudilla endu halavaaru varadigalu heluttave, aadare moorane lingavannu holuva binary parikalpanegalu kandubaruttave. itihaasa. hindoo dharma. aitihaasika mattu praachina bhaaratiya samskrutiyalli linga badalaavaneya parikalpaneyu bahala saamaanyavaagide mattu jaivika linga mattu saamskrutika lingada naduvina vyatyaasavannu madalagilla. srilankada moorane lingadavaru "phalavattateya hindoo devateyondige praachina sambandhavannu hondiddaare, avaru itarara saluvaagi tamma phalavattateyannu tyaga maaduttaare endu helalaaguttade. napumsakaraguva moolaka, hijraagalu arey-pavitraraaguttaare mattu navavivaahitaru mattu navjat sisugala aarogya mattu phalavattateyannu aashirvadisabahudu." uttara praantyada tamilaru adda-udupugalannu dharisuva samskrutiyannu hondiddaare, "aaddarinda [purusha] strilingavagiruvudu sampoornavaagi anyagraha parikalpaneyalla". bouddhadharma. pandaka' emba padavannu moorane lingada itihaasavannu buddana jagruti mattu eradu sahasramaanagala hinde srilankage bouddhadharmada agamanadavarege pattehachchalu balasabahudu. srilankada anuradhapurada sanyaasiyaada buddhaghosanu "pandakara bagge barediddaane; avaru" ashudda bhavodrekagalinda ("usaanakeelesa") tumbiruttaare; avara kamagalu nivaarisalaagadavu ("avupasantaparilaha"); mattu avara kaamavu ("parilaahavegabhibhuta") mattu veshyeyara ("vesia") mattu orataada hudugiara ("tulakumarika")nteye premigala bayakeyinda praabalya hondiruttaare. avaru "mattobba vyaktiya angavannu baayiyalli tegedukondu viryavannu simpadisuva moolaka laingika suduvikeyannu shamanagolisuttare" mattu usuya ("asooye") pandakarannu "itara janaru laingikateyannu nadesuvudannu noduva moolaka laingika suduvikeyannu shamanagolisuttare" endu avaru heliddaare. paali tipitaka, thyland mattu srilankaadalli anusarisida bouddhadharmada roopa, mattu srilankaadalli atyanta sampoorna prasaranavu samrakshakaraagiddu, halavaaru reetiya lingaparivartita rajyagalu mattu vyaktigalannu ullekhisuttade-purushanantaha mahile ("vepurisika"), laingika aspashtate ("sambhina"), eradoo lingagala gunalaksanagalannu hondiruva ("ubhavovyanjanaka"), ityaadi."endu baredukondiddaare. australian national university peater jackson avaru paali cannon srilankada moorane linga samskrutigala mele mattu thylandnantaha deshagala mele gamanarha prabhaavavannu hondide endu bhavisidaru; ", ee praachina bhaaratiya patyagalallina laingikate mattu lingada vivaranegalannu visheshavaagi akarshakavagisuvudenendare thylandnalli avugala samakaalina prastutateyagide, idu srilanka, barma, lavos mattu kambodiyagalondige saeri eshyaada saamskrutika golada bhagavagide, idaralli theravaada bouddhadharmavu pramukha saamskrutika samstheyaagi ulidide."endu baredukondiddaare. samskruti. avaru vividha udyoga kshetragalalli, visheshavaagi "vanijya laingika kelasa, soundarya samskruti, atithya kshetra, engo valaya mattu sarkari valayadalli seemita sankhyeyalli" udyogadalliddaare. vyutpatti. nacchi' emba padavannu transgender janarannu ullekhisalu vyaapakavaagi balasalaaguttade, aadare napumsekavannu transexuvalgala moorane linga kendrita drashtikonavannu soochisalu balasabahudu. hijra' emba padavannu dveepada moorane lingada samudaayavannu ullekhisalu saha balasabahudu. pandaka. pandaka' emba padavu bhaaratiya bhasegalalli eradu arthagalannu hondide. modalaneyadu 'napumsakaru' endu ullekhisuttade mattu idu tamilu mooladdaagide. eradaneyadu salingakami purusharannu soochisuttade mattu shaikshanikavagi idannu aadubhasheya ondu roopavendu pariganisalaagide. nacchi. bhinnalingiya purusha roodhamaadarigalige hondikeyagada vividha janaraagiddaare endu natchis annu vivarisalaagide. idannu aitihaasikavaagi adda-udupugalannu dharisuvavarannu vivarisalu balasalaaguttittu aadare eega hechchaagi trutiyalingi janarannu vivarisalu balasalaaguttade. rashtriya aids kaunsilnantaha kelavu samsthegalu ee samudaayavannu "itara purusharondige laingika sambandha hondiruva stripurusha purusharu" endu vivarisuttave. avaru emm. ess. doubleu. galagiyoo karyanirvahisuttare mattu vividha cruising sthalagalinda grahakarannu ettikolluttaare. grahakarannu honduvudara jotege, avaru samanyavagi niyamita purusha laingika paludararannu hondiruttaare, avarondige hanakasina vahivaatugalillade laingika chatuvatike nadeyuttade."idu enannu soochisuttade embudu charchaspadavagide, aadaagyoo yaavude suddha vyaakhyaanavannu odagisalaagilla. itara samsthegalu avugalannu trutiya linga athawa hijra padagalige paryayavagi, trutiya linga samudaayada upasamskruti endu vivarisuttave. napunseka. simhaliya bhasheyalli kandubaruva ee padavannu aitihaasikavaagi nachchiyanteye balasalaaguttittu, aadare eega adhu napumsakaru athawa hermaphroditegalannu soochisuttade. rajakiya. srilankada samvidhaanadallina paristhitiyu linga samaanatege sambandhisidante bhaaratada samvidhaanadalli kandubaruvanteye ide, aadaagyoo srilankada sarvochcha nyaayaalayavu bhaaratada sarvochcha nyaayaalayavu hondiruva reetiyalliye kaanoonannu himmettisuva mattu rachisuva adhikaaravannu hondilla. moorane lingada janarige srilankada kaanoonu vyavastheyinda raksane illa endu manava hakkugala kaavalu samsthe helide. srilankada danda samhiteya 365 mattu 365aa mattu alemaarigala sugreevaagne emba mooru kaanunugalannu himmettisuva moolaka moorane lingavannu aparaadhavendu pariganisuvudannu raddugolisuvante adhu samsattige karey needitu. taaratamyavannu edurisalu sarkaaravu samagra kaanunugalannu jaarige tarabeku endoo adhu shipharasu maadide. ell. zii. bii. tii. hakkugala kaaryakartaru mattondu binary lingakke mataantaragollalu bayasuva transgender janara paristhitigalannu sudhaarisuvatta gamana harisiddaare, idu bhaarata khandada pragatiya viruddhavaagide, allie chaluvaliyu moorane lingada samudaayada mele kendrikariside. dweepadallina laingika alpasankhyaataralli moorane lingada hakkugala bagge niraasakti ide ekendare idu dweepadallina itara alpasankhyaata samudaayagala pragatiyannu nidhaanagolisuttade endu avaru bhavisuttare. gurutu. vyaktigala nondani ilaakheya aayuktaru, upafa adiyalli, avaru trutiyalingigalige hosa sankhyeyondige hosa aidiyannu odagisuvudaagi helidaru. samajika samasyegalu. hanakasina samasyegalu. moorane lingada samudaayada gamanarha vibhagavu tamma jaivika poshakaru tiraskarisida parinaamavaagi laingika kelasa maadalu athawa hanakkagi bedikolluvante ottaayisalaaguttade. samudaayada asama sankhyeya janaru oupachaarika shikshanavannu hondilla mattu udyogagalannu hudukalu sadhyavaguttilla. moorane lingada vyaktiyu vivarisuttaa, "idu vaastavadalli tumba kashta. aisharami columbo 07 janarige idu tumba olleyadu; avaru vaidyaru mattu vakilaru mattu antahavaraagirabahudu. bada janaru idannu hecchu kashtapaduttaare mattu aagaagge kettadaagi nadesikolluttaare, adakkagiye avaru tamma kutumbagalannu bittu athawa gaupya jivanavannu nadesuttaare. samajika grahikegalindaagi kelasa hudukuvudu nijavagiyoo kashta, adakkagiye neevu laingika kelasadalli todagiruva athawa nartakaraagiruva aneka trans janarannu padeyuttiri ". halavaaru trutiyalingigalu tamma apekshita lingakke mataantaravannu kaigolluva hecchina vechchada bagge dooru niiduttaare, ekendare bhagashah sarkari anudaanita soulabhyagalu samanyavagi kalape gunamattavannu hondiruttave mattu dweepadalli tarabeti padeda sibbandiya korateyide.dweepadalli veshyaavaatikeyu kaanunubaahiravaagiruvudari bandhanakkolagaguva apaayavannu edurisuttiddaroo, halavaaru trutiyalingigalu tamagaagi hanavannu galisuva saluvaagi laingikavaagi kelasa maaduvante ottaayisalaaguttade endu bhaavisalaagide. aarogya. moorane lingada samudaayavu aagaagge dveepada aarogya kaaryakartarinda taaratamyavannu edurisuttade mattu kaanunubaddhavaagi arhate hondiddaroo saha avara lingavannu badalaayisuvudu kashtavagabahudu. strivaada. srilankaadalli moorane lingadavarannu nadesikolluva bagegina doorinalli, udyogadalli purusharu mattu mahileyara naduvina linga asamanate moorane lingadavarige udyogavannu padeyuvudu eshtu kashta embudannu torisuttade endu helalaagide.

shrilanketil truteey ling dakshin aashiyatil itar bhaganpramane shrilanketil truteey linganchi ughadpane charcha hott nahee. jaree shrilanket trutiyapanthi lokanchi eka majboot parampara astitvat asali, aanee jaree yaa lokanna dirghkal dharmantar karanyachi parvanagi denyat aalee asali, taree truteey lingeey lokanni betavaril mukhya pravahatil charcha talhali aahe. anek ahavalat asey mhatale aahe qee jyaa lingachi sankalpana betavar aadhalat nahee, parantu binary sankalpana aadhaltat jyaa jyaa lingachya samaan aahet. itihas. hindu dharm. aitihasik aanee pracheen bharatiy sanskratit ling badalachi sankalpana khoop samanya aahe aanee jaivik ling aanee sanskrutik ling yanchyatil farak keela gela nahee. shrilankechya truteey lingatil 'prajanankshamatechya hindu devishi pracheen sambandh aahet, jyasathi teey itaransathi swatachya prajanankshamatecha tyag karatat asey mhatale jaate. hijade napunsak houn ardh-pavitra hotat aanee navavivahit aanee navjat balkanchya aarogya aanee prajanankshamtes aashirvad deu shakatat." uttarekadil prantatil tamilanmadhye cross dressingchi sanskruti aahe, "mhanoon [purush] streeling asane hii purnapane parkeey sankalpana nahee". bauddha dharm. pandka' haah shabd buddhanchya jagrutipasun aanee done sahasrabdipurvi bauddha dharmachya shrilanket aagmanaparyantchya truteey lingachya itihasacha magova ghenyasathi vaparla jaau shakato. shrilanketil anuradhapura yetheel eka bhikshu buddhaghos yane pandakabaddal lihile; teey 'ashuddha 'ashuddha bhavnene (usanakiles) bharalele aahet'; tyanchya vasna amar aahet (avupantparilah); aanee tyanchyavar tyanchi kamvasna ('parilahavegabhibhut') aanee veshya ('vesiya') aanee khadbadit tarun mulinsarkhya ('tulkumarika') preminchi ichcha yanche varchasva aahe. tyanni asehi mhatale qee teey "jyanchya laingik jwalanala ulat purushachya angala tondat gheuun veerya favarani karoon shant kele jaate" aanee usuya ("matsar") pandke "jyanna itar lokanna laingik sambandh thevatana pahoon laingik jwalan shant hote" asey aahet. thayaland aanee shrilanket anusarlya dilya bauddha dharmache roop aanee sarvat sampoorn sankraman shrilankemadhye snrakshak mhanoon thewale jaat asalelya paali tipitaka madhye anek vegvegalya prakarchya transgender avasthancha aanee vyaktincha ullekh aahe-purushasarkhi stree ("vepurisika"), laingik aspashtta ("sambhin"), jyamadhye donhi linganchi vaishishtye ("ubhatovyanjanak") ii.". austreliyan national universitychya pieter jackson yanna asey vatale qee srilanka aanee thayalandsarkhya samaan deshanchya truteey ling sanskratinvar paali siddhantancha lakshaniy prabhav aahe; "yaa pracheen bharatiy granthanmadhil ling aanee lingabaddalachya nondi visheshtah aakarshak banavtat tee mhanje thayalandmadhil tyanchi samkalin prasangikta, jee srilanka, berma, laos aanee kambodiya yanchyasah ashiyai sanskrutik kshetracha bhag aahe jyamadhye thervad bauddha dharm eka mahattvapoorn sanskrutik sanstha aahe.". sanskruti. teey vividh nokarichya kshetranmadhye, visheshtah "vyavsayik laingik karya, saundarya sanskruti, aatithya kshetra, ngo kshetra aanee sarkari kshetratil maryadit sankhyene" karyarat aahet. vyutpatti. nachee' haah shabd transgender lokanna sandarbhit karnyasathi mothya pramanavar vaparla jaato, tarr napunsek haah transexualchya truteey ling kendrit drushtikonacha arth darshavinyasathi vaparla jaau shakato. hijra' haah shabd betavaril truteey ling samudayachya sandarbhasathi dekhil vaparla jaau shakato. pandka. pandak' yaa shabdache bharatiy bhashanmadhye done arth aahet. pahila 'napunsak' chaa sandarbh deto aanee too moolcha tamil aahe. dusare mhanje samalingi purushancha sandarbh aanee shaikshanikdrushtya too eka prakarcha apshabd manla jaato. nachee. nachee heey vishamalingi purushanchya rudhiprayoganshi susangat nasalelya vividh prakarche lock asalyache varnan kele jaate. aitihasikdrushtya cross-dresserche varnan karnyasathi yacha vapar keela jaat asey parantu aata bahutek trutiyapanthiy lokanche varnan karnyasathi vaparale jaate. rashtriy sahayya parishadesarkhya kahee sanstha yaa samudayache varnan 'itar purushanshi laingik sambandh thevanare stripurush' asey karatat. teey emm. ess. doubleu. mhanoonahi kaam karatat aanee vividh samudraparyatan sthalanvarun grahak ghetat. grahak asanyavyatirikt, tyanche anekada niyamit purush laingik bhagidar asatat, jyanchyabarobar aarthik vyavharanshivay laingik kriya hotat."tathapi, konatihi spasht vyakhya pradan kelee jaat naslyamule yacha arth kaay aahe heey vadgrast aahe itar sanstha tyanche varnan truteey ling kinwa hijdyasarkhya sandnyanna paryay mhanoon, trutiyapanthiy samudayachi upasanskruti mhanoon karatat. napunseka. sinhali bhashet aadhalanari eka sandnya jee aitihasikdrushtya nachipramanech vaparali jaat hotee, parantu aata ektar napunsak kinwa hermaphrodite sandarbh dete. rajkaran. shrilankechya rajyaghatanetil paristhiti hii laingik samanateshi sambandhit bharatiy rajyaghatanet aadhalaleli paristhiti sarkhich aahe, jaree bharatachya sarvoch nyayalayapramanech shrilankechya sarvoch nyayalayakade pratikar karnyache aanee kayada tayar karnyache adhikar nasale taree. manavadhikar nirikshan vibhagane mhatale aahe qee truteey ling asalelya lokanna shrilankechya kayadeshir vyavasthedvare sanrakshn denyat aalele nahee. shrilankechya dand sanhiteche kalam 365 aanee 365 aii aanee bhatkya lokancha adhyadesh asey teen kayade mage takat truteey ling asane heey gunhegarimukt karnyache aavahan tyanni sansadela kele. bhedbhavaviruddha ladha denyasathi sarkarne sarvasamaveshak kayade karavet, ashee shifarasahi tyanni kelee. ell. jee. bii. tii. haqq karyakartyanni, jithe yaa chalvaline truteey ling samudayavar laksh kendrit kele aahe, tyaa khandiy bharatatil pragatichya ulat, ulat dwaiti lingat dharmantar karoo karoo trutiyapanthiy lokansathi paristhiti sudharnyavar laksh kendrit kele aahe. betavaril laingik alpasankhyakanmadhye truteey lingeey hakkambaddal udasinata aahe kaaran tyanna vatate qee yamule betavaril itar alpasankhyak samudayanchi pragati mandavel jeey dwaiti lingala anusaratat. olakh. vyaktinchya nondani vibhagachya aayuktanni, upafa antargat sangitale qee teey trutiyapanthiy vyaktinsathi naveen kramankasah naveen olakhpatra pradan kartil. samajik samasya. aarthik samasya. truteey lingeey samudayatil eka mahattvapoorn ghatkala tyanchya jaivik palakanni nakarlyamule laingik karya karnyas kinwa paishasathi bheek magnyas bhag padale jaate. asman sankhyene asalelya samudayala aupcharik shikshan milat nahee aanee tyanna nokri milat nahee. eka truteey lingeey vyaktine spasht kele, "heey pratyakshat khoop katheen aahe. posher columbo 07 lokansathi heey agadi theek aahe; teey doctor aanee vakeel aanee asey asoo shakatat. garib lokanna heey katheen jaate aanee anekada tyanna gairvartan kele jaate, mhanunach teey tyanchi kutumbe sodoon jaatat kinwa gupt jeevan jagatat. samajik samjamule kaam shodhane dekhil kharokhar katheen aahe, mhanunach tumhala laingik karyat guntalele kinwa nartak asalele anek trans lock midatat. anek trutiyapanthiy lock tyanchya ichchit lingamadhye dharmantar karnyachya uchch kharchabaddal takrar karatat, kaaran sarkari nidhichya suvidha samanyatah nikrusht darjachya asatat aanee betavar prashikshit prashikshit kamatarata aahe.asey manale jaate qee anek trutiyapanthiy lokanna swatahsathi paise kamavanyasathi laingik kaam mhanoon kaam karnyas bhag padale jaate, jaree betavar veshyavyavasay bekaydeshir asalyane tyanna atak honyacha dhoka aahe aarogya. truteey ling asalelya samudayala anekada betavaril aarogya aarogya bhedbhawala samore jaave lagate aanee kayadeshiraritya haqq asala tarihi tyanche ling badalane katheen houu shakate. strivad. shrilanketil truteey lingala dilya dilya vagnukibabatchya eka takrarit mhatale aahe qee, nokarimadhye purush aanee mahilanmadhil laingik vishamata heey truteey lingasathi rojgar midvane kitee katheen aahe heey darshavate.

shrilankama tesro ling shrilankama tesro lingka barema dakshin asiaka anya bhagharuma jastai khulera chhalfal garindaina. yadyapi shrilankama transgender manisharuko baliyo parampara awasthit chha, rar yee manisharulai lamo samayadekhi dharma pariwartan garna anumati diieko bhae tapani, tesro lingi manisharule prayaha tapuma mukhyadharako chhalfalbata tadha rahe. dherai reportharule tesro lingko awadharana tapuma fela pareko chhaina, tara binary awadharanaharu fela pareka chhan june tesro lingasanga mildojuldo chha. itihas. hindu dharma. laingik pariwartanko awadharana aitihasik rar prachin bharatiya sanskritima dherai samanya chha, rar jaivik ling rar sanskritik ling bichko bhinnata garieko thiena. shrilankaka tesro lingka "prajanan kshamataka lagi hindu devisanga euta prachin sambandha rakhchhan jasma uniharule aruko khatira afnai prajanan kshamatako tyag garne bhanieko chha. napunsak bhaera, hijra ardha-pawitra banchhan, rar nawawiwahit rar navjat shishuko swasthya rar prajanan kshamatalai ashirwad dina sakchhan." uttari prantaka tamilharuma cruss-dressingko sanskriti chha, "tyasaile [purush] stri hunu purna rupma videshi awadharana hoina. baudha dharma. pandak' shabdalai buddhako jagaran rar dui sahasrabdiaghi shrilankama baudha dharmako agamansamma tesro lingko itihas patta lagauna prayog garna sakinchha. shrilankako anuradhapurka bhikshu buddhaghosle "pandak"-kaa barema lekheka chhan; tiniharu "ashuddha bhawanaharule bharieka chhan (" usankiles "); tiniharuko wasanaharu adamya (" awupsantparilaha ") chhan; rar tiniharuko kamawasana (" parilahawegabhibhut ") rar veshyaharu (" vesia ") rar mota jawan ketiharu (" tulkumarika ") jasta premiharuko ichchhale prabhutwa jamaunchha. unle yo pani bhane kii tiniharu "jasko yauna jalan arko purushko sadasyalai mukhma liera virya chharkera shanta hunchha" rar usuya ("irshya") pandakharu "jasko yauna jalan anya manisharulai yauna sambandha rakhda dekhera shanta hunchha". thailand rar shrilankama baudha dharmako roop pally tipitaka, rar shrilankama sanrakshak rakhieko sabaibhanda purna prasaranle vibhinna prakarka transgender rajyaharu rar wyaktiharu-purush-jasto mahila ("vepurisika"), yauna aspashtata ("sambhinna"), duwai lingko wisheshtaharu ("ubhatowyanjanaka"), adiko ullekha gardacha.". astrelian national universityka pieter jacksonle shrilanka rar thyland jasta saman deshharuko tesro laingik sanskritiharuma pally cananko mahatwapurna prabhawa raheko mahasus gare; ", yee prachin bharatiya granthaharuma yauna rar laingik wiwaranharu vishesh gari akarshak banaune kura thylandma tiniharuko samakalin sandarbhikta how, june shrilanka, berma, laos rar combodiasanga milera asealy sanskritik kshetrako hissa how jasma therwad baudha dharma ek mahatwapurna sanskritik sanstha baneko chha.". sanskriti. tiniharu vibhinna rojgar kshetraharuma karyarat chhan, vishesh gari "wyawasayik yauna karya, saundarya sanskriti, atithya khetra, angio khetra rar sarkari kshetrama simit sankhyama". wyutpatti. nachi' shabda transgender manisharulai janauna wyapak rupma prayog garinchha, jabki napunseka transexualharuko tesro ling kendrit drishtikonlai janauna prayog garna sakinchha. hijra' shabda tapuko tesro ling samudayalai janauna pani prayog garna sakinchha. pandak. bharatiya bhashaharuma 'pandak' shabdako dui artha hunchha. pahilole 'napunsak' lai janaunchha rar yo tamil mulko how. dosrole samalingi purushharulai janaunchha rar shaikshik rupma yasalai ashishtako ek roop manincha. nachi. nachchislai bhinnalaingik purush rudhiwadi dharanaharu anurup nabhaeka vibhinna prakarka manisharuko rupma warnan garieko chha. yo aitihasik rupma cruss-dresserharuko warnan garna prayog garieko thiyo tara ahile prayaha transgender manisharulai warnan garna prayog garinchha. rashtriya sahayata parishad jasta kehi sansthaharule samudayalai "anya purushharusanga yauna sambandha rakhne stripurush purushharu" bhanera warnan garchhan. tiniharule mswsko rupma pani kaam garchhan, rar vibhinna cruising pointharubata grahakharu uthaunchhan. grahakharu hunuka sathai, tiniharusanga prayaha niyamit purush yauna sajhedarharu hunchhan, jassanga arthik lenden bina yauna gatiwidhi hunchha."yasale key bujhaunchha bhanne kura bahasayogya chha tara tyahan kunai safa paribhasha pradan garieko chhaina. anya sansthaharule tiniharulai transgender samudayako upasanskriti bhaeko rupma warnan garchhan, prayaha tesro ling wa hijra jasta sartaharuko wikalpako rupma. napunseka. sinhalima paine euta shabda june aitihasik rupma nachi jastai tarikale prayog garieko thiyo, tara ab yaa tata napunsak wa hermafroditeharulai janaunchha. rajniti. shrilankako sanwidhanko awastha laingik samantaka barema bharatko sanvidhanma fela pareko jastai chha, yadyapi shrilankako sarvochcha adalatma bharatko sarvochcha adalatle gareko jastai kanuna banaune adhikar chhaina. manav adhikar wachle tesro lingika manisharu shrilankako kanuni pranalidwara surakshit nabhaeko bataeko chha. yasale sansadlai tinawata kanunharu-shrilankako danda sanhitako dhara 365 rar 365 ae, rar bhyagrants adhyadeshlai kharez garera tesro ling bhaeko aparadhmukta garna awhan garyo. yasale bhedbhawawiruddha ladnaka lagi sarkarle wyapak kanuna parit garna pani sifaris gareko chha. elgibiti adhikar karyakartaharule tesro laingik samudayama kendrit andolan bhaeko mahadwipiya bharatko pragatiko viparit arko dwiadhari laingikma rupantaran garna chahane transgender manisharuko awastha sudhar garnama dhyan kendrit gareka chhan. tesro laingik adhikarka barema tapuka yauna alpasankhyakharu bitch udasinta chha kinbhane uniharulai lagchha kii yasale tapuka anya alpasankhyak samudayharuko pragatilai susta parnecha jo dwiadhari laingik anurup chhan. pahichan. wyakti darta vibhagka ayuktale upafaantargat transgender wyaktiharuka lagi nayan nambarsahit nayan id upalabdha garaune batae. samajik muddaharu. arthik samasya. tesro laingik samudayako euta mahatwapurna wargalai uniharuko jaivik amababule aswikar gareko parinam swarup yauna karya garna wa paisako mag garna badhya parinchha. asaman sankhyama samudayama aupacharik shikshako abhawa chha rar rojgari pauna asamartha chhan. tesro lingka wyaktile wyakhya gare, "yo wastawmai dherai gahro chha. yo posher colombo 07 manisharuka lagi ekdam thik chha; tiniharu doctor rar wakil rar tyasta huna sakchhan. garib manisharulai yo kathina hunchha rar prayaha durwyawahar garinchha, tyasaile tiniharu afno pariwar chhodchhan wa gopya jiwan baanchchan. samajik dharanaharuka karan kaam fela parne pani sanchchai gahro chha, tyasaile feri yahi karanle tapainle dherai trans wyaktiharu paunuhunchha jo yauna kamma sanlagna chhan wa jo nartakharu hun. dherai transgender wyaktiharule afno ichchit lingma rupantaran garne uccha lagatko barema gunaso garchhan, anshik rupma kinbhane sarkari witta poshit suwidhaharu samanyataya kharab gunastarka hunchhan rar tapuma prashikshit karmachariharuko abhawa chha.yo sochna sakinchha kii dherai transgender wyaktiharu afna lagi paisa kamauna sexko rupma kaam garna badhya chhan, yadyapi uniharule tapuma veshyavritti awaidh bhaekale pakrau hune jokhimko samana garchhan. swasthya. tesro laingik samudayale prayaha tapuka swasthya karyakartaharubata bhedbhawko samana garnupareko chha, rar kanuni rupma hakdar bhae pani uniharuko laingik pariwartan garna gahro huna sakchha. nariwad. shrilankama tesro lingko wyawaharko barema euta ujurima bhanieko chha kii rojgarima purush rar mahila bichko laingik asamantale tesro lingka lagi rojgar prapta garna kati gahro chha bhanera dekhaunchha.

shreelankare truteeja linga shreelankare truteeja linga bishajare dakhina acr anya bhaga bhali kholakholi bhabe alochana karajainahni. jadio shreelankare transgender lokanka eka drudha parampra rahichhi, ebong jadio ehi lokamananku dirgha samai dhari dharmantarita hebaku anumathi diajaichhi, truteeja linga lokamane adhikansha dwepare mukhyadharara alochanaku edai jaichanti. aneka reportare kuhajaichhi je truteeja linga dharana dwepare milinathae, kintu dwita dharana dekhibaku milithae jaahaa truteeja linga sahita samaana . itihas. hindu dharma. aitihasika ebong pracheen bharatiah sanskruti madhyare linga paribartanara dharana atyanta sadharana, ebong jaibika linga ebong sanskrutika linga madhyare parthakya karajai nathila. shreelankara truteeja linga "jane hindu debeenka sahita eka pracheen samparka rakhichhi jahanka sahita semane anyamananka paain nijara urbarata utsarga karanti bolly kuhajae . napunsaka heba dwara, hizra maane ardha-pabitra hoijaithanti, ebong nababibahita ebong nabajata sisunka swasthya ebong urbarataku ashirbada kariparibe." uttara pradeshar tamilmanankara cross-dressingra sanskruti rahichhi, "tenu [jane purush] naaree heba eka sampurna bideshi dharana nuhen. baudha dharma. dui sahasrabdi purbaru budhanka jagaran ebong shreelankaku boudhadharmara agman parjyanta truteeja linga itihasara sandhan karibaku 'pandaka' sabda byabahara karajaipare . shreelankara anuradhapur jane bhikhyu buddhaghosa pandaka bishajare lekhithile; semane "ashuchi abeg (" usanakilesa ") ray paripurna; semanankara kamashakti adyabadhi (" aabhupasantaparilaha "); ebong semanankara kamashakti (" parilahabhegavivuta ") ebong beshya (" bhesia ") ebong mota jubatee (" tulkumarika ") nka pari premeenka ichha dwara prabhabita . shay ehaa madhya kahithile je semane heuchhanti "jeunmananka jouna jwalana anya purushanka sadasyanku taanka patire nei ebong birjya sprey curry shant karajae" ebong usuya ("irshaparajana") pandakamane "jeunmane anya lokanku jouna samparka karuthiba dekhi jouna jwalanaku shant karanti. paali tipitac, thyland ebong shreelankare boudhadharmara roop anusarana karajaithila, ebong shreelankare sabutharu sampurna prasarana sanrakhyaka bhabare anusthita hoithila, bibhinna prakarara transgender rajya ebong byakti bishajare ullekha kare-purush-sadrusha mahila ("bhepurisika"), jouna aspastata ("sambhinna"), ubhaja linga ("ubhatobyanjanaka") rahr baisistya thiba ityadi .". astrelia jatiah biswabidyalajara pieter jackson anubhaba karithile je shreelanka ebong thyland bhali samaana deshar truteeja linga sanskruti upare paali anushasanara gurutwapurna prabhaba rahichhi; ", ehi pracheen bharatiah granthagudikare linga ebong linga sambandheeah bibaranee jaahaa bisesh aakarshaneeah kare taaha heuchhi thailandre semanankara samasamajika prasangikata, jaahaa shreelanka, barma, laos ebong kambodia sahita mishi asiah sanskrutika khetrara anshabisesha, jeunthire therabada baudha dharma eka gurutwapurna sanskrutika anusthana hoi rahichhi.". sanskruti. semane bibhinna chakiri khetrare nijukta achanti, bisesh curry "banijyika jouna karjya, saundarjya sanskruti, aatithya khetra, ngo khetra ebong sarkari khetrare seemita sankhyare". byutpatti. nachi' shabdati transgender lokanku bujhauthiba bele napunaseka shabdati transexualnka truteeja linga kaindrika drustikonaku bujhae. hizra' shabdati dwepare truteeja linga sampradajaku bujhae. pandaka. bharatiah bhasare 'pandaka "shabdar duiti artha rahichhi. prathamati 'napunsaka' mananku bujhae ebong ehaa tamil mulara. dwiteejati samalingi purushamananku suchita kare ebong academic bhabare eka prakara upbad bhabare bibechana karajae . naachi. nachisku bibhinna prakarara lock bhabare barnana karajaichi jaahaa bhinna linggata purush stereotype sahita mela khaunahin . ehaa aitihasika bhabare cross-dresaramananku barnana karibaku byabahruta heuthila kintu bartamana mukhyatah transgender lokanku barnana karibaku byabahruta hue . jatiah sahajata parishad bhali keteka sangathana ehi sampradajaku "anya purushanka saha jouna samparka rakhithiba naaree-purush purush" bolly barnana karichanti. semane emm. ess. wai. bhabe madhya karjya karanti, ebong bibhinna krujing paentaru grahakamananku uthaithanti. grahaka rahiba byatita, semanankara nijamita purush jouna saathee madhya achanti, jahanka saha arthika karbar bina jouna karjyakalapa hue ."ehaa qa" naa bujhae taaha bibadiah, kintu kaunasi swacha sangya pradan karajainathibaru. anya sangathanagudika semananku transgender sampradayara eka upasanskruti bhabare barnana karanti, prajatah truteeja linga kimba hizra pari shabdar bikalpa bhabare . napunseka. singhali bhasare miluthiba eka sabda jaahaa aitihasika bhabare nachi sahita samaana bhabare byabahruta heuthila, kintu bartamana napunsaka kimba hermaphroditemananku suchita kare . rajneeti. shreelankara sambidhanara sthiti linggata samanata sambandheeah bharatiah sambidhanare milithiba sthiti sahita samaana, jadio shreelankara sarbocha nyajalajara bharatara sarbocha nyajalaja bhali ine srusti kariba ebong pratihata karibara khyamata naahin. manabadhikara watch kahichhi je truteeja linga lock shreelankara aaingata byabastha dwara surakhita nuhnti. ehaa sansadaku tinoti aainaku pratyakhyana curry truteeja lingaku aparadhamukta karibaku aahwana karithila; shreelanka danda sanhitara dhaara 365 ebong 365aii, ebong vagarants ordinance . ehaa madhya suparish karithila je sarkar vedabhaba birodhare ladhiba paain byapaka ine pranajan karantu. ell. jii. bii. tii. adhikara karmeemane anya eka dwita lingaku dharmantarita hebaku chahunthiba transgender lokanka paain sthitire unnati aaniba upare dhyana deichhanti, jaahaa mahadeshiah bharatara pragati paribarte, jeunthare ehi andolana truteeja linga sampradai upare dhyana deichi. dwepare jouna sankhyalaghunka madhyare truteeja linga adhikaraku nei udasinata rahichhi kaaran semane anubhaba karanti je ehaa dwepare anya sankhyalaghu sampradajanka paain agragati manthara kariba jeunmane dwita lingaku anusarana karanti . parichai. byakti panjikarana bibhagara commissioner, upapha adheenare, kahichanti je semane transgender byaktinka paain eka nutan nambara sahita nutan id pradan karibe. samajika samasya. arthika samasya. truteeja linga sampradayara eka gurutwapurna berg semananka jaibika pitamatanka dwara pratyakhyana heba karanaru jouna karjya karibaku kimba tanka bhikhya karibaku badhya huanti . sampradayara eka asman sankhyaka lock aanusthanika sikhyara abhaba rahichhi ebong chakiri khojibare asamartha. jane truteeja linga byakti bujhaithile, "bastabare ehaa bahuta kastakara. columbo 07 lock mananka paain ehaa thick achhi; semane daktara ebong okil ebong ehipari hoiparanti . gariba lokamane adhika cust paithanti ebong aneka samajare durbyabaharara shikara hoithanti, jeunthipain semane niz paribaraku chhadi jaanti kimba gopaneeah zeeban bitaanti. samajika dharana karanaru kaama paiba madhya prakrutare kastakara, jeunthipain apana aneka trans lokanku paithanti jeunmane jouna karjyare nijojita achanti kimba jeunmane nrutyashilpi atanti. aneka transgender lock semananka ichhadheena lingaku dharmantarana karibara uccha mulya bishajare abhijoga karanti, aanshika bhabare kaaran sarkari anudan prapta subidha sadharanatah kharap gunabatta ebong dwepare talimprapta karmacharinka abhaba achhi .ehaa chinta karajauchhi je aneka transgender lock niz paain artha uparjan kariba paain jouna karjya karibaku badhya huanti, jadio dwepare beshyabrutti beaina hoithibaru semane girapha hebara bipadara sammukheen huanti . swasthya. truteeja linga sampradai prajatah dwepare swasthya karmacharinka dwara vedabhabara sammukheen huanti, ebong aaingata bhabare jogya hoithile madhya semanankara linga paribartana kariba kastakara hoipare . naribad. shreelankare truteeja linga prati byabahara samparkare eka abhijogare kuhajaichhi je nijukti khetrare purush ebong mahilanka madhyare linggata asamanata darshauchhi je truteeja linga paain nijukti hassel kariba kete kastakara.

srilanka witch teeja ling srilanka witch teeje ling dee charcha dakkhni eshia dey horr hissiaan wang khullh keey naheen keeti jaandi. halanki srilanka witch transgender lokan dee ikk mazboot parampra maujood haii, atey bhaven kii inhan lokan noon lambe samein toon dharam parivartan curran dee aagiaa ditti gaee haii, parr teeje ling dey lokan neey ziaadaatar tapu utte mukkh dhaara dee charcha toon parhez keeta haii. kaee reportan witch kiha giaa haii kii teeje ling dee dharna tapu utte naheen mildi, parr binary sankalpan paaiaan jandiaan hunn joe teeje ling dey samaan hunn. itihaas. hindu dharam. ling tabdili dee dharna itihasak atey prachin bharti sabheyachar witch bahut aam haii, atey jaivik ling atey sabheyacharak ling witch antar naheen keeta giaa see. srilanka dey teeje ling dey lokan daa prajanan shakti dee ikk hindu devi naal ikk prachin sambandh haii jiss baare kiha jaanda haii kii uh doojiaan dee khaatar aapni prajanan shakti dee bully dinde hunn. hijade hijade bann keey aradh-pavittar hoow jaande hunn, atey navv-viaahe atey navjame bacchiaan dee sihat atey jannan shakti noon ashirvaad dey sakde hunn." uttri soobe dey tamilan witch karaas-dressing daa sabheyachar haii, "iss laee [ikk marad] aurat honaa ikk puurii tarahan pardesi sankalap naheen haii. bodhi dharam. pandaka' shabad dee varton tiji ling dey itihaas noon buddh dey jaagan atey doou hazaar saal pahilan srilanka witch bodhi dharam dey aaunn takk waps jaanh laee keeti jaa sakadi haii. srilanka dey anuradhpura dey ikk bhikshu budhghosa neey "pandka" baare likhiaa; uh "ashudh janoon (usnakilesa) naal bharey hoye hunn; unhan deeaan ichhavan attal hunn (avupsantparilah); atey unhan witch unhan dee qaam (parilahvegabhibhut) atey vesvavan (" vesiya ") atey motte naujwan ladkiaan (" thulakumarika ") varge premiaan dee ichha daa dabdaba haii. unhan neey ih vee kiha kii uh "jinhan dey jinsi jalann noon kise horr aadmi dey member noon uss dey moonh witch lae keey atey veeraj duaara chhidkaa karke shaant keeta jaanda haii" atey usuya ("irkha") pandakan noon "uh" hunn jinhan dey jinsi jalann noon dooje lokan noon jinsi sambandh banaunde dekh keey shaant keeta jaanda haii. paali tipitaka, thyland atey srilanka witch bodhi dharam daa roop, atey srilanka witch sabh toon sampuran sanchar, kaee vakkh-vakkh kisman dey ling-badal raajan atey viaktiaan daa zikar karda haii-marad vargi aurat ("vepurisika"), jinsi aspashtata ("sambhinna"), jiss witch doven lingan deeaan visheshtavan ("ubhtovianjanka") aadi hunn.". australia dee rashtari university dey pieter jackson neey mahisus keeta kii paali cannon daa srilanka atey thyland varge samaan deshan dey teeje ling sabheyacharan utte mahattavpuran prabhav haii; ", inhan prachin bharti granthan witch ling atey ling dey birtantan noon joe vishesh taur utte dilchsap banaunda haii uh thyland witch uhanan dee samkali sarthakta haii, joe srilanka, barma, laos atey kambodia dey naal mill keey aci sabheyacharak khetar daa hissa haii jiss witch thervaad bodhi dharam ikk mahattavpuran sabheyacharak sanstha baniaa hoiaa haii.". sabheyachar. uh vakkh-vakkh naukari khetran witch kamm karde hunn, khaskar "vaparak jinsi kamm, sundarta sabheyachar, parahunchari khetar, ainn. jee. ou. khetar atey sarkari khetar witch seemat ginti" witch. shabdawali. nacchi' shabad dee varton viaapak taur utte transgender lokan noon darsaun laee keeti jaandi haii, jadon kii napunseka dee varton transjexual dey teeje ling kendrit drishtikon noon darsaun laee keeti jaa sakadi haii. hizra' shabad dee varton tapu utte teeje ling dey bhaichare noon darsaun laee vee keeti jaa sakadi haii. pandaka. bharti bhashavan witch 'pandaka' shabad dey doou arth hunn. pahila 'hijadiaan' noon darsaunda haii atey tamil mool daa haii. dooja samlingi mardan noon darsaunda haii atey akadamik taur utte iss noon akkhar daa ikk roop manniaa jaanda haii. nacchi. nacchi noon kaee tarahan dey lokan vajon darsaiaa giaa haii joe vipreet lingak marad rudhivadiyan dey anukool naheen hunn. ih itihasak taur utte karaas-dresser daa varnan curran laee vartiaa jaanda see parr hunn ziaadaatar transgender lokan daa varnan curran laee vartiaa jaanda haii. kujh sangathan jiven kii rashtari sahaita consul bhaichare noon "horr mardan naal jinsi sambandh banaun vaale aurtan vaale marad" vajon darsaundi haii. uh msw dey roop witch vee kamm karde hunn, atey vakkh-vakkh cruising binduaan toon gaahkan noon chukkde hunn. gaahak honn toon ilava, uhanan dey aksar niyamat marad jinsi saathi hunde hunn, jinhan naal jinsi gatividhi binan vitti lainn-denh dey hundi haii."ih vivadpuran haii kii ih qee darsaunda haii, halanki koee saaf paribhasha pardan naheen keeti gaee haii. horr sangathan uhanan noon transgender bhaichare dee ikk upp-sanskriti vajon darsaunde hunn, aksar teeje ling jaan hijade varge shabdan dey badal vajon. napunseka. sinhali witch paaiaa jaanh vaala ikk shabad joe itihasak taur utte nacchi dey samaan vartiaa jaanda see, parr hunn jaan taan hijadiaan jaan hermaphrodites noon darsaunda haii. siaasat. srilanka dey sanvidhan dee sathiti uhee haii joe ling samanta naal sabandhat bharat dey sanvidhan witch paaee gaee haii, halanki srilanka dee superim court cole use tarahan toon kanoon banaun atey uss noon rokann deeaan shaktiaan naheen hunn jiven bharat dee superim court cole haii. manukkhi adhikar nigrani neey kiha kii teeje ling dey lokan noon srilanka dee kanunni pranali duaara surakhiat naheen keeta giaa see. iss neey sansad noon tinn kanoonan noon waps lae keey teeje ling dey honn noon apradh toon mukat curran daa sadda ditta; srilankai dandd sanhita dee dhaara 365 atey 365 aii, atey aavara lokan dey adesh. iss neey ih vee sifarash keeti kii sarkaar vitkare naal luddon laee viaapak kanoon paas qarey. ail. jee. bee. tii. adhikar karkunan neey mahandeepi bharat witch pragati dey ulat, ikk horr binary ling witch parivartit honn dee ichha rakkhan vaale transgender lokan laee sathitiaan witch sudhar curran 'teey dhiaan kendrat keeta haii, jitthe andolan neey teeje ling vaale bhaichare' teey dhiaan kendrit keeta haii. tapu utte jinsi ghatt gintiaan witch teeje ling dey adhikaran noon lae keey udasinta haii kiunki unhan noon lagda haii kii ih tapu utte horr ghatt ginti bhaichariaan laee tarakki noon hauli qarr devega joe binary ling dey anukool hunn. pachanh. viaktiaan dee registration vibhag dey kamishnar neey kiha kii uh transgender viaktiaan laee ikk navein number dey naal naveen pachanh pattar pardan karange. smajik mudde. vitti mudde. teeje ling vaale bhaichare daa ikk mahattavpuran varag aapne jaivik maapiaan duaara radd keete jaanh dey natije vajon jinsi kamm curran jaan paise dee bheekh mangan laee majbur hunda haii. bhaichare dee ikk vaddi ginti witch rasmi sikkhiaa dee ghaat haii atey uh naukari labbhan witch asamrath hunn. ikk teeje ling dey viakati neey samjhaiaa, "ih asal witch bahut mushkal haii. ih pausher columbo 07 lokan laee kaafi theek haii; uh doctor atey vakeel hoow sakde hunn. garib lokan noon iss noon mushkal hunda haii atey aksar unhan naal badsaluki keeti jaandi haii, isey karke uh aapne parivaran noon chhadd keey jaan gupat jeevan jeeunde hunn. smajik dharnavan dee badaulat kamm labbhna vee sachmuch mushkal haii, isey laee tuhanun bahut saare trance lock milde hunn joe jinsi kamm witch rujhe hoye hunn jaan joe nritak hunn. bahut saare transgender lock aapne lodinde ling witch parivartan curran dee ucch laagat baare shikait karde hunn, kiunki sarkari fund prapat sahulatan aam taur 'teey maadi gunwatta deeaan hundiaan hunn atey tapu' teey sikkhiat staff dee ghaat maujood haii.ih sochiaa giaa haii kii bahut saare transgender lokan noon aapne laee paisa kamaun laee ling dey taur 'teey kamm curran laee majbur keeta jaanda haii, halanki unhan noon griftar keete jaanh daa khatra haii kiunki tapu' teey vesva-gaman gair kanunni haii. sihat. teeje ling vaale bhaichare noon aksar tapu utte sihat karamchariaan toon vitkare daa sahmana karna painda haii, atey kanunni taur utte hakkdaar honn dey bavjood aapne ling noon badalna mushkal hoow sakda haii. narivad. srilanka witch teeje ling dey naal vivhaar baare ikk shikait witch kiha giaa haii kii rozgaar witch mardan atey aurtan darmiaan ling asmanta darsaundi haii kii teeje ling dey lokan laee rozgaar prapat karna kinna mushkal haii.

shrilankadeshe truteeya-lingah asti. shrilankadeshe truteeya-lingasya vishaye dakshina-asia-deshasya anyeshu bhaageshu yathaa khulyena naa charchitam asti. yadyapi shrilankadeshe transgender-jananam prabalam parampara asti, yadyapi eteshaam jananam dirghakalam yaavat dharmaantaranasy anumatihi dattaa asti, truteeya-linga-janaah dweepasya mukhyadharayaha charchaam bahudhaa aprucchan. aneke prativedanaani vadanti yat dweepe truteeya-lingasya avadharana naa drushyate, parantu dwaiyaadhaarikaah avadhaaranaah truteeya-lingasya samaanaani drushyante. itihaasah. hindudharmah. aitihaasika-prachinakalina-bhaarateey-samskrutehe madhye lingaparivartanasya avadharana ateeva samanyaha asti, jaivika-lingasya saamskrutika-lingasya cha bhedah naa krutah. shrilanka-deshasya truteeya-lingasya "prajananashakteh hindu-devyaa saha prachina-sambandhah asti, yasyaah krute te anyasya krute swa-prajananakshamatam tyaagam kurvanti iti kathyate. napumsakah bhutva hijraa-janaah ardha-pavitraah bhavanti, navavivaahitaanaam navajaataanaam cha swaasthyam prajananakshamatam cha aasheervadayitum shaknuvanti." uttaraprantasya tamil-jananam mishravastradhaaranasya samskrutihi asti, "ataha [purushah] streetvam sarvathaa anyabhasha naa asti" iti. bauddhadharmah. truteeya-lingasya itihasasya anveshanaartham 'paandak' iti padam buddhasya jagaranam, sahasraabdayoh poorvam shrilankam prati bauddhadharmasya agamanam cha anveshtum shakyate. shreelankaadeshasy anuraadhapurasy bhikshuhu buddhaghosah "pandakasya vishaye likhati, te" ashuddha-bhaawaih ("usanaakiles") paripurnah santi; teshaam vaasanaah adamyaani ("avupasantaparilaah") santi; teshaam kaamavaasanaah ("parilaahawegabhibhut"), veshyaam ("vesia"), sthool-baalikaah ("tulakumarika") ityadinam preminaam icchaayaah cha adhipatyam vartate. saha api avadat yat te "anyasya purushasya sadasyasy mukhe grahanam krutvaa veeryasya sprey ityanena saha yauna-dahanam shamitam bhavati" tathaa cha usuyaa ("eershya") paandakaah "anyaan janaan yauna-kriyam drushtvaa yauna-dahanam shamitam bhavati" iti. paali-tipitaka iti bauddhadharmasya roopam, thaay-lyand-shrilankadeshe cha anuvartat, shrilankadeshe sarvaadhikam poornam prasaaranam cha, "purusha-sadrusha-stree (" vepurisikaa "), yauna-aspashtata (" sambhina "), ubhayalingasya lakshanani (" ubhatovyanjanaak ") ityadinam bhinna-bhinna-prakaranam transgender-rajyanam vyaktinaam cha ullekham karoti."iti. australia-raashtriyawishwawidyaalay peater-jaaksan-varyaha, shreelankaadeshasy truteeya-linga-samskrutehe, thayland-ityadinam samanadeshanam cha upari paalee-anushasanasya mahattwapoornah prabhaawah asti iti avadat; "eteshu prachina-bhaarateey-grantheshu linga-linga-vivaranaani visheshatah aakarshakaani bhavanti yat, thaylyand-deshe teshaam samakaaleen-prasangikata asti, yat shrilanka, barmaa, lavos, cambodia ityetaih saha militvaa asia-saamskrutikakshetrasya bhaagah asti, yasmin theravaada-bauddhadharmah mahattvapoorna-saamskrutika-samsthaa asti."iti. samskrutihi. te vividhakshetreshu, visheshatah "vaanijya-yaunakarma-kshetre, saundaryasamskruteh, aatithyakshetre, enn. jii. o. kshetre, sarvakaareeyakshetre cha simitasankhyayam" niyoktum shaknuvanti. vyutpattih. nacchi' iti padam transgender-janaan soochayitum vyaapakaroopen upayujyate, api cha napumsekasya upayogam truteeya-linga-kendreekruta-transexual-drushtikonasya suchanaya kartum shakyate. dweepasya truteeya-linga-samudaayasy ullekhartham api 'hijraa' iti padam upayujyate. paandakah. bharatiyabhashasu 'paandak' iti padasya dwau arthou stah. prathamah 'napumsakaan' soochayati, saha tamil-mulasya asti. dwiteeyam samalingi-purushaan soochayati, shaikshanikadrushtyaa ashishtabhashayaha roopam iti manyate. nachee. naacchis ityete vividhaani janaah iti varnitaah santi ye vishamalaingika-purusha-roodhi-siddhantan naa anusaranti. aitihaasikaroopena cross-dresser ityetasya varnanaay asya upayogah krutah aasit, parantu adhunaa praayah transgender-jananam varnanaay upayujyate. rashtriya-sahaayak-parishad ityaadayah kechan samsthah samudaim "anyaih purushaihi saha yaunam kurwantah stree-purushaah iti varnayanti. te emm. ess. doubleu.-rupena api karyam kurvanti, vividha-paribhramanasthanat grahakaha cha sweekaroti. grahakaha api santi, teshaam praayah niyamitah purusha-yaunaanga-sahabhaaginah santi, yaihi saha vitteey-vyavahaarah vinaa yaunakriyaa bhavati."etat kim soochayati iti vaadayogyam asti, tathaapi swaccha-paribhasha naa pradattah asti. anye samsthah taan truteeya-lingasya athavaa hijraa-ityasya vikalparupena, transgender-samudaayasy upasamskrutih iti varnayanti. napunsekaa. sinhali-bhashayam drushyate, yah aitihaasikaroopena nacchi-bhashaya iva prayuktah aasit, parantu adhunaa napumsakaan athavaa hermaphrodates ityetaan soochayati. rajanitihi. shrilanka-deshasya samvidhaanasya sthitihi lingasamatvasya vishaye bharatasya samvidhaane yathaa drushyate tathaiva eva asti, yadyapi shrilanka-deshasya sarvocchanyaayaalayasya bharatasya sarvocchanyaayaalayasya sadrushena pratyarpayitum, vidhinirmayitum cha adhikaarah naasti. human rats vaach ityanena avadat yat truteeya-linga-janaah shreelankaadeshasy vidhi-vyavasthayaa naa rakshitaah iti. shrilankan danda samhitaayaah dhaaraa 365,365 e, tathaa cha bhraanti-adhyadeshah iti trayah vidhihi pratyarpya truteeya-linga iti aparaadhamuktam kartum saha samsat-samitim aahvayata. bhedabhaavasya viruddham sarwakaarah sarvasamaveshakan vidhihi api prasthaapayet iti api saha anushamsayat. ell. jee. bee. tea. adhikaar-karyakartaraha, truteeya-linga-samudaayasy vishaye aandolanasy kendreekaranam kurwantah, mahadvipiya-bharatasya pragatihi, aparam dwaiyaangeeyam parivartayitum icchantah transgender-jananam avasthaam sudhaarayitum dhyanam adadat. dweepasya yauna-alpasankhyakeshu truteeya-linga-adhikaaravishaye udasinata asti, yatah dweepe anyaanaam alpasankhyak-samudayanam krute, ye dwaiyaa-lingam anusaranti, pragatihi mandaa bhavishyati iti te manyante. parichayah. vyakti-panjeekaranavibhaagasya aayuktah, upfaa ityasya adhah, avadat yat te transgender-vyaktibhyah nootan-sankhyaayuktam nootan-aii. dii. pradanam karishyanti iti. saamaajikavishayaah. vitteeyavishayaah. truteeya-linga-samudaayasy mahattwapoornah bhaagah, swapaitanyapitarau niraakrutya, yaunakarmam kartum vaa dhanasya yachana kartum vaa baadhyah bhavati. samudaayasy asamanatayaha sankhyayam aupachaarikashikshaayaah abhaawah asti, te cha karyam praaptum asamarthah santi. truteeya-linga-vyaktihi avadat, "vastutah etat ateeva kathinam asti. kolambo-07 ityasya aisharamijananam krute etat samyak bhavati; te vaidyaah, adhivaktaarah cha bhavitum arhanti. daridrajananam kashtah bhavati, praayah durwyawahaarah bhavati, ataha te svaparivaaraan parityajy gopyataa jeevanam yaapayanti. samajika-anubhootayah ityatah karyam praaptum api ateeva kathinam asti, ataha punah bhavaan yaunakarmam kurwantah athavaa nartakaah bahavah trans-janaah prapnuyat. aneke transgender-janaah swa-apekshita-lingam prati parivartanam kartum ucchavyayasya vishaye akshepam kurvanti, aamshikaroopena yatah sarvakaareey-vittaposhita-suvidhaah samanyataya nikrushta-gunavattaayaah santi, dweepasya prashikshan-prapta-karmacharinam abhaawah cha asti iti.aneke transgender-janaah swaartham dhanam arjayitum yaunakarmaroopena karyam kartum nirbandhitaah iti manyate, yadyapi dweepasya veshyaavruttihi avaidhah iti karanat te bandhane bhavitum arhanti iti ashanka asti. swaasthyam. truteeya-linga-samudayah praayah dweepe swaasthya-karmachaaribhyah bhedabhaavam sammukheekaroti, tathaa cha vaidhaanikaroopen arhati chet api swalingeekaranam parivartayitum kathinam bhavitum arhati. naareevaadah. shrilankadeshe truteeya-lingasya vyavahaarasya vishaye ekaha akshepah kathayati yat, karmakshetre streepurushayoh madhye linga-vishamataa, truteeya-lingasya krute karmaniyuktih kiyat kathinam iti darshayati iti.

ilangkaiyil moontraam paalinam therkaasiyaavin pira pakuthikalaip poala ilangkaiyil moontraam paalinam velippadaiyaaga vivaathikkappadavillai. thirunangaikalin valuvaana paarambariyam ilangkaiyil irunththaalum, inththa makkal neenda kaalamaaga madham maara anumathikkappattirunthaal, moontraam paalina makkal perumpaalum theevil pirathaana vivaathaththaith thavirththullanar. moontraam paalinam endra karutthu theevil kaanappadavillai endru pala arikkaikal koorugindrana, aanaal binary karuththukkal moontraam paalinaththaip poalavae kaanappadugindrana. varalaaru. hindhu madham. paalina maattram endra karutthu varalaattru mattrum pandaiya inthiya kalaachaaraththil migavum podhuvaanathu, maelum uyiriyal paalinaththirkum kalaachaara paalinaththirkum idaiyilaana vaerupaadu seiyappadavillai. ilangkaiyin moontraam paalinaththavargal "pirappuruppin indhu theivaththudan oru pandaiya thodarbaik kondullanar, adharku avarkal mattravargalukkaaga thangal sontha karuvurudhalai thiyaagam seivathaagak koorappadugiradhu. hijraakkal thirunangaikalaaka maaruvathan moolam, avarkal arai punithamaanavargalaaga maarukiraargal, maelum avarkal puthithaagath thirumanamaanavargal mattrum puthithaagap pirantha kuzhandhaigalin aaroakkiyaththaiyum karuvurudhalaiyum aaseervathippaarkal." vadakku maagaanaththin thamizharkal kurukku udai aniyum kalaachaaraththaik kondullanar, "enavae [oru aann] pennaaga iruppathu muttrilum anniya karutthu alla". puththa madham. paandaga' endra soll moontraam paalinaththin varalaattrai puththarin vizhippunarvu mattrum irandu aayiram aandugalukku munbu bowththa madham ilangkaikku vantha kaalaththilirunthu kandupidikka payanpaduththappadalaam. ilangkaiyin anuraathapuraththaich saerntha oru thuravi buddagosa, "paandagargalaip pattri ezhuthinaar; avarkal" theettuppadutthum unarvugalaal ("ussanakeelesa") nirainthavarkal; avarkalin kaamangal anaikka mudiyaathavai ("avubachandaparilaha"); maelum avarkal thangal kaamam ("parilaahavaekapiputhaa") mattrum vibachchaarigalaip ("vasia") poantra kaathalarkal mattrum karadumuradaana ilam penkal ("tulakumarika") poantra kaathalarkalin aasai aagiyavattraal aathikkam seluththugiraargal. mattroru aanin uruppai vaail eduththu vinththai thelikkappaduvathan moolam paaliyal erichchal thanikkappadukirathu" endrum, "mattravargal udaluravu kolvathaip paarppathan moolam paaliyal erichchal thanikkappadukirathu" endrum avar koorinaar. thaailaanthu mattrum ilangkaiyil pinpatrappatta puththa madhaththin vadivamaana baalii dibidaga, ilangkaiyil migavum muzhumaiyaana paravuthal, pala vagaiyaana thirunangaikal mattrum thaninaparkalaik kurippidugiradhu-aann poantra penn ("vepurisika"), paaliyal thelivattra thanmai ("sambinna"), iru paalinangkalin panbugalaiyum ("upathoavyanjanagaa") konda ondru poantravai."endru koorinaar. australian thaesiya palkalaikkazhagaththin piittar jackson, ilangkai mattrum thaailaanthu poantra oththa naadugalin moontraam paalina kalaachchaaranggalil baalii niyathi kurippidatthakka thaakkatthai aerpaduththiyullathu endru unarnthaar; ", inththa pandaiya inthiya noolgalil paalinam mattrum paalinam pattriya vivarangkal kurippaaga kavarchchigaramaanavai thaailaanthil avattrin samagaala poruththamaagum, idhu ilangkai, barma, lavos mattrum kamboadiyaavudan inainthu aasiya kalaachaara koolaththin oru paguthiyaaga ullathu, idhil theravaatha puththa madham oru mukiya kalaachaara niruvanamaaga ullathu."endru koorinaar. kalacharam. avarkal palvaeru vaelaith thuraikalil, kurippaaga "vaniga reethiyaana paaliyal vaelai, azhagu kalacharam, virunthoambal thurai, engio thurai mattrum arasaangkath thuraiyil varaiyarukappatta ennikkaiyil" panipurigindranar. sorpirappiyal. nachi' endra soll thirunangaikalaik kurikka paravalaagap payanpaduththappadukirathu, athae neraththil nabunsekha thirunangaikalaip pattriya moontraam paalina maiyak kannoattathaik kurikkap payanpaduththappadalaam. hijra' endra soll theevil ulla moontraam paalina samoogaththaik kurikkavum payanpaduththappadalaam. pandagan. paandaga' endra soll inthiya mozhigalil irandu arththangkalaik kondullathu. muthalaavathu 'thirunangaikal' enbathaik kurikkirathu mattrum tamizh vamsaavaliyaich saernthathu. irandaavathu orinachchaerkkai aangalaik kurikkirathu mattrum kalviyiyal reethiyaaga oru vagaiyaana paechchu mozhiyaaga karudhappadugiradhu. nachi. nachis enbathu panmuga paalina aann stereodypegalukku inangkaatha palvaeru vagaiyaana makkal endru vivarikkappadugirathu. idhu varalaattru reethiyaaga kurukku aadai anivoarai vivarikka payanpaduththappattathu, aanaal ippoathu perumpaalum thirunangaikalai vivarikka payanpaduththappadukirathu. thaesiya udhavik kuzhu poantra oru sila amaippugal inththa samoogaththai "mattra aangaludan udaluravu kollum aanmaimikka aangal" endru vivarikkintrana. avarkal emm. ess. doublue. kazhaagavum seyalpadugiraargal, maelum palvaeru payana idangkalilirunththu vaadikkaiyaalargalai alaiththuch selkiraargal. vaadikkaiyaalargalaik kondiruppadharkup koodudhalaaga, avarkal perumpaalum valakkamaana aann paaliyal koottaaligalaik kondullanar, avarkaludan paaliyal seyalpaadu nidhi parivarththanaigal illaamal nadaiperukirathu."idhu ethaik kurikkirathu enbathu vivaathaththirkuriyathu, iruppinum thelivaana varaiyarai ethuvum valangkappadavillai. pira amaippugal avattrai thirunangaikal samoogaththin thunai kalacharam endru vivarikkintrana, perumpaalum moontraam paalinam allathu hijra poantra sorkalukku maattraaka. nabunsekha. varalaattru reethiyaaga nachchiyaip poalavae payanpaduththappatta singala mozhiyil kaanappadum oru soll, aanaal ippoathu thirunangaikal allathu hermaproditegalaik kurikkirathu. arasiyal. ilangkai arasiyalamaippil paalina samathuvam kuritthu inthiya arasiyalamaippil kaanappadum athae nilaimai ullathu, iruppinum inthiya uchcha neethimandraththaip poalavae ilangkai uchcha neethimantraththirkum sattaththai muriyadikkavum uruvaakkavum athikaaram illai. moontraam paalina makkal ilangkaiyin satta amaippaal paathukaakkappadavillai endru manitha urimaigal kankaanippagam theriviththullathu. ilangkai thandanaich sattaththin 365 mattrum 365aee pirivugal mattrum pulampeyarnthoar avasarach sattam aagiya moontru sattangalai muriyadippathan moolam moontraam paalinamaaga iruppathai kuttramattrathaakkumaaru adhu naadaalumandraththai azhaiththathu. pagupattai ethirththup poaraaduvatharku virivaana sattangalai arasaangkam iyatrtra vaendum endrum adhu parinthuraiththathu. ell. jii. pii. dii urimai aarvalargal mattroru binary paalinaththirku maara virumbum thirunangaikalin nilaimaigalai maempaduththuvathil kavanam seluththiyullanar, kanda inthiyaavin munnaettraththirku maaraaga, inththa iyakkam moontraam paalina samoogaththil kavanam seluththiyullathu. theevil ulla paaliyal sirupaanmaiyinaridaiye moontraam paalina urimaigal kuritthu akkaraiyinmai ullathu, aenenil idhu theevil ulla pira sirupaanmai samoogangalin munnaettraththai methuvaakkum endru avarkal ninaikkiraarkal. adaiyaalam. nabarkalin pathivaettuth thuraiyin aanaiyar, upafaavin keezh, thirunangaikalukku oru puthiya ennudan puthiya adaiyaala attaiyai vazhangkuvathaagak koorinaar. samoogap pirachchanaikal. nidhi saarntha pirachchanaikal. moontraam paalina samoogaththin kurippidatthakka oru pirivu thangal uyiriyal petrtroargalaal niraakarikkappattathan vilaivaaga paaliyal vaelai seiyavo allathu panaththirkaaga pichchai edukkavoa nirbanthikkappadugiraar. samuthaayam samamaaga illaatha ennikkaiyilaanavargalukku muraiyaana kalvi illai, avarkalaal vaelaigalaik kandupidikka mudiyavillai. moontraam paalinaththavar oruvar vilakkinaar, "idhu unmaiyil migavum kadinam. aadambaramaana colombo 07 nabarkalukku idhu migavum paravaayillai; avarkal maruththuvargal mattrum vazhakkarinyarkalaaka irukkalaam. aezhaigal migavum siramappattu, adikkadi thavaraaga nadaththappadugiraargal, athanaalthaan avarkal thangal kudumbangalai vittu veliyaeri allathu ragasiyamaana vaazhkkaiyai vaazhkiraargal. samooga unarvugalaal vaelai kidaippadhum migavum kadinam, athanaalthaan paaliyal vaelaiyil eedupattulla allathu nadanak kalaignargalaaga irukkum pala thirunangaikalaip perukireerkal ". arasaangka nidhiyudhavi perum vasathigal podhuvaaga moasamaana tharaththil iruppathaal, theevil payirchi pettra oozhiyargal illaathathaal, pala thirunangaikal thangal virumbiya paalinaththirku maattruvatharkaana adhiga selavu kuritthu bugar seikiraargal.theevil vibachaaram sattaviroathamaanathu enbathaal avarkal kaithu seiyappadum abaayatthai ethirkondaalum, thangalukku panam sambaathippatharkaaga pala thirunangaikal paaliyal vaelaiyaaka vaelai seiya nirbanthikkappadugiraar endru karudhappadugiradhu. aarokkiyam. moontraam paalina samoogaththinar perumpaalum theevil ulla sugaathaarap paniyaalarkalidamirunthu pagupattai edhirkolgiraargal, maelum sattappoorvamaaga urimai pettraalum thangal paalinaththai maattruvathu kadinam. penniyam. ilangkaiyil moontraam paalinaththavarai nadaththuvathu kuriththa bugar ondru, vaelaivaaippil aangalukkum penkalukkum idaiyilaana paalina aetrtraththaazhvu moontraam paalinaththavarukku vaelaivaaippaip peruvathu evvalavu kadinam enbathaik kaattukirathu endru koorukirathu.

srilankalo moodava lingam srilankalo moodava lingam dakshina aasiyaaloni itara praantaalalo unnatlugaa bahirangamgaa charchinchabadaledu. srilankalo transgender prajala balamaina sampradaayam unnappatikee, eee vyaktulu chaalaa kaalamgaa matamarpidi cheyadaaniki anumatinchabadinappatiki, moodava linga prajalu ekkuvagaa dveepamlo pradhana sravanti charchanu nivaarinchaaru. moodava lingam anae bhavana dveepamlo kanipinchadani aneka nivedikalu paerkontunnaayi, ayithe moodava lingaanni pooli unde binary bhavanalu kanugonabaddayi. charitra. hinduu matam. chaaritraka mariyu puraatana bharatiya samskrutilo linga maarpu anae bhavana chaalaa saadhaaranam, mariyu jeevasambandhamaina lingam mariyu saamskrutika lingam madhya vyatyaasam cheyabadaledu. srilanka yokka moodava lingaaniki chendina vaaru "santanotpatti yokka hinduu devathatho puraatana anubandhaanni kaligi unnaaru, dheeniki vaaru itarula kosam tama sonta santanotpattini tyaagam chestaarani chebutaaru. napumsakulugaa maaradam dwara, hijraalu paakshikamgaa pavitramgaa maarutaaru, mariyu noothana dampatulu mariyu navjata sisuvula aarogyam mariyu santanotpattini aasiirvadimchagalaru." uttara provinceloni tamilulu cross-dressing samskrutini kaligi unnaaru, "kabatti [purushudu] strilingamgaa undatam puurtigaa grahaantara bhavana kaadu". bouddhamatam. pandaka' anae padaanni moodava linga charitranu buddhuni melkolupu mariyu rendu sahasraabdaala kritam srilankaku bouddhamatam raaka varaku gurtinchadaaniki upayoginchavacchu. srilankaloni anuraadhapuramlooni oka sanyasi buddhaghosa "pandaka" gurinchi raasaadu; vaaru "apavitramaina korikalato (" usanakilesa ") nindi unnaaru; vaari kaamalu anachiveyalenivi (" avupasantaparilaha "); mariyu vaari kamamu (" parilaahavaegabhibhuta ") mariyu vaesyalu (" vesia ") mariyu mutaka yuvatulu (" tulakumarika ") vanti premikula korika vaari meeda aadhipatyam chelaayistundi. vaaru "marokari purushudi sabhyudini notiloki teesukoni veeryam challadam dwara laingika dahanam upasamanam pondutaaru" mariyu usuya ("asuya") paandakulanu "itarulu laingika sambandham kaligi undatam chudatam dwara laingika dahanam upasamanam pondutaaru" anie kooda ayana paerkonnaaru. thailand mariyu srilankalo anusarinchina bouddhamatam yokka roopam paali tipitaka, mariyu srilankalo atyanta puurti prasaram samrakshakudigaa unchabadindi, aneka rakaala lingamarpidi sthithulu mariyu vyaktulanu prastaavistundi-purushudu lanty stree ("vepurisika"), laingika aspashtata ("sambhinna"), rendu lingaala lakshanaalanu kaligi untundi ("ubhatovyanjanaaka") modalainavi."anie paerkonnaaru. australia jaateeya vishwavidhyaalayaaniki chendina peater jackson srilanka mariyu thailand vanti saaruupya deshaala moodava linga samskrutulapai paali connon gananeeyamaina prabhavanni chooputundani bhaavinchaaru; ", eee puraatana bharatiya grandhaalalo lingam mariyu lingam gurinchi kathanaalu mukhyamgaa aakarshanheeyamgaa unnavi thaayilaandlo vaati samakaaleena auchityam, idhi srilanka, barma, lavos mariyu cambodialato kalisi asea saamskrutika rangamlo bhaagamgaa undhi, dheenilo terawada bouddhamatam oka mukhyamaina saamskrutika samsthagaa migilipoyindi."anie paerkonnaaru. samskruti. vaaru vividha udyoga rangaalalo, mukhyamgaa "vaanijyaparamaina laingika pani, soundarya samskruti, aatithya rangam, engio rangam mariyu prabhutva rangamlo parimita sankhyalo" panicheestunnaaru. vyutpatti. nacchi' anae padaanni transgender vyaktulanu suuchimchadaaniki vistrutamgaa upayogistaaru, ayithe napumsekanu transexuals yokka moodava linga kendrikruta drukpathaanni suuchimchadaaniki upayoginchavacchu. hizra' anae padaanni dveepamlooni moodava linga samajanni suuchimchadaaniki kooda upayoginchavacchu. pandaka. pandaka' anae padaaniki bharatiya bhaashalalo rendu ardhaalu unnaayi. modatidi 'napumsakulanu' suuchistumdi mariyu tamila muulaaniki chendinadi. rendavadi swalinga samparkulanu suuchistumdi mariyu vidyaaparamgaa yaasa yokka oka roopamgaa pariganinchabadutundi. nacchi. binna linga purusha muusapoetalaku anugunamgaa laeni vividha rakaala vyaktulugaa natchis varninchabaddaaru. idhi chaaritraatmakamgaa cross-dresserlu vivarinchadaaniki upayoginchabadindi, conny ippudu ekkuvagaa transgender vyaktulanu vivarinchadaaniki upayoginchabadutundi. jaateeya sahaya mandali vanti konni samsthalu eee samajanni "itara purushulatho laingika sambandham kaligi unna streepurushulu" gaa varninchaayi. vaaru emm. ess. doubleu. lugaa kooda panicheestaaru mariyu vividha cruising paayintla nundi khaataadaarulanu teesukuntaaru. khaataadaarulanu kaligi undatame kakunda, vaariki tarachugaa saadhaarana purusha laingika bhaagaswaamulu untaaru, veeritho aardhika lavadevilu lekunda laingika karyakalapalu jarugutaayi."ayithe, dheeniki spashtamaina nirvachanam andinchananduna idhi denini suchistundanedi charchaneeyaamsam. itara samsthalu vaatini transgender community yokka upasamskrutigaa varnistaayi, tarachugaa moodava lingam ledhaa hizra vanti padaalaku pratyamnaayamgaa. napumseka. simhaleeyulalo kanipinche eee padam chaaritraatmakamgaa nacchi maadirigaane upayoginchabadindi, conny ippudu napumsakulu ledhaa hermaphroditelanu suuchistumdi. rajakeeyaalu. srilanka raajyaangamlooni paristhiti linga samaanatvaaniki sambandhinchi bhaarata rajyangamlo kanipinchede, ayithe srilanka sarvonnata nyaayasthaanaaniki bhaarata sarvonnata nyaayasthaanaaniki unna vidhamgaane chattanni tippikottadaaniki mariyu roopondinchadaaniki adhikaralu laevu. moodava lingaaniki chendina prajalu srilanka nyaya vyavastha dwara rakshinchabadaledani maanava hakkula watch perkondi. srilanka shikshaasmruthilooni 365 mariyu 365eah sectionlu mariyu valentla ordinance anae moodu chattalanu tippikottadam dwara moodava lingamgaa undataanni nerarahitam cheyaalani idhi paarlamentuku pilupunicchindi. vivakshapai pooraadataaniki prabhutvam samagra chattalanu aamodinchaalani kooda idhi sifaarasu chesindi. elgibity hakkula kaaryakartalu maroka dwaipaakshika lingaaniki maaraalanukune transgender vyaktula paristhitulanu meruguparachadampai drushti pettaru, idhi khandantara bhaaratadesamlo purogatiki viruddhamgaa, ikkada udyamam moodava linga samajampai drushti pettindi. dveepamlooni laingika minoritylalo moodava linga hakkulapai udaaseenata undhi, endukante idhi dveepamlooni itara minority communityla purogatini mandagistundani vaaru bhaavistaaru, vaaru dwaipaakshika lingaaniki anugunamgaa untaaru. gurtimpu. vyaktula registration vibhagam commissioner, upafa kinda, vaaru transgender vyaktula kosam kotta nambartho kotta idni andistaamani chepparu. saamaajika samasyalu. aardhika samasyalu. moodava linga samaajamlo gananeeyamaina vibhagam vaari jeevasambandhamaina tallidandrulu tiraskarinchina phalitamgaa laingika pani cheyavalasi vastundi ledhaa dabbu kosam yachinchavalasi vastundi. asamaana sankhyalo unna samaajamlo adhikaarika vidya ledhu mariyu vaariki udyogaalu dorakadam ledhu. moodava lingam gala vyakti ilaa vivarinchaadu, "idhi chaalaa kashtam, vaastavaaniki. vilaasavantamaina kolambo 07 mandiki idhi chaalaa manchidi; vaaru vaidyulu mariyu nyaayavaadulu kaavacchu. paedha prajalu kashtapadi, tarachugaa durviniyogam cheyabadataru, anduke vaaru tama kutumbaalanu vidichipetti ledhaa rahasya jeevitaanni gaduputaaru. saamaajika avagaahanalaku krutagnatalu teluputuu udyogam dorakadam kooda chaalaa kashtam, anduke meeru laingika paniloo nimagnamaina ledhaa nrutyakaarulaina chaalaa mandhi trans vyaktulanu pondutaaru ". aneka mandhi transgender prajalu tamaku kaavalasina lingaaniki marpidi cheyadaaniki adhika kharchu gurinchi firyadu chestaaru, endukante prabhutva nidhulatho kuudina soukaryaalu saadhaaranamgaa paelavamaina naanhyata kaligi untaayi mariyu dveepamlo sikshana pondina sibbandi korata undhi.dveepamlo vyabhicharam chattaviruddham kabatti arrestu ayye pramaadaanni edurkontunnappatiki, tama kosam dabbu sampadinchukovadaniki aneka mandhi transgenderlu laingikamgaa pani cheyavalasi vastundani bhaavinchaaru aarogyam. moodava lingam gala samajam tarachugaa dveepamlooni aarogya kaaryakartala nundi vivakshanu edurkontundi, mariyu chattabaddhamgaa hakku unnappatikee vaari lingaanni marchadam kashtam. streevaadam. srilankalo moodava lingam patla vyavaharinchae vidhanam gurinchi oka firyadu prakaram, udyogamlo purushulu mariyu mahilala madhya linga asamaanata anedi moodava lingaaniki chendina vaariki upaadhi pondadam entha kashtamo choopistundi.

saree lankaa mein teesri jans saree lankaa mein teesri jans kay logon parr atnee khill kirr bahas nahein kii jaati jitni janubi aishya kay deegar hasoon mein hoti hay. agarcha transgender logon kii eek mazboot rawayat saree lankaa mein mojud hay aur agarcha inn logon kuu taweel arsey say mazhab tabdil karnay kii ajazat dee gayee hay teesri jans kay logon nay jazeeray parr ziyadah tarr markazi dhaaray kii bahas say greez kiyaa hay. mutadid reports mein kahaa gayaa hay kahh teesri jans kaa tasavur jazeeray parr nahein milta hay leakin binery tasvaraat paaye jaatay haine juu teesri jans say miltay jaltay haine. tareekh. hindo mutt. sanfi tabdili kaa tasavur tarikhi aur qadeem hindustani saqafat mein behat aam hay aur hayatiyati jans aur saqafati jans kay darmiyan farq nahein kiyaa gayaa thaa. saree lankaa kay teesre jans kay logon kaa "zarkhezi kii hindo dewi kay saath eek qadeem taaluq hay jiss kay baaray mein kahaa jaataa hay kahh wah dosron kii khaatir apnee zarkhezi kii qurbani deetay haine. khwajah saraa bunn kirr hajray neem muqadas how jaatay haine aur naumolud aur nauzaidah bachon kii sehat aur zarkhezi kuu barkat day saktay haine." shamali soobay kay tamilon mein karaas dressing kii saqafat hay "lehza [mard] kaa aurat honaa makmal toor parr ajnabi tasavur nahein hay. badh mutt. pandak' kii astalah kuu teesri jans kii tareekh kaa saraag laganay kay liye istemaal kiyaa jaa saktaa hay juu badh kii bedari aur duu hazaar saal pehley badh mutt kii saree lankaa aamad say mutaliq hay. saree lankaa kay anwaradh purah kay eek rahib badhaghosa nay "pandak" kay baaray mein likhaa vovo wah "napak jazbaat (" snakelisa ") say bharay hoay haine vovo inn kii khwahishaat naqabil taskhir haine (" opentprelah ") vovo aur inn parr inn kii aazadi (" parila heogabhibhota ") aur tawaifon (" vaishiya ") aur motee naujawan ladkiyon (" tholakamarika ") kii tarah mohabat karnay waalon kii khwahish kaa ghalbah hay. inhon nay yaha bhee kahaa kahh wah "jinn kay jansi jalnay kuu dosray mard kay rakan kuu manah mein lay kirr manee kay zariye chhadkaya jaataa hay" aur yusiya ("hasd") pandka inn logon kay toor parr haine "jinn kay jansi jalnay kuu dosray logon kuu jansi taluqat mein hotay deekh kirr scone milta hay. paali tapitaka thayee lend aur saree lankaa mein badh mutt kii shakal aur sabb say makmal muntaqli saree lankaa mein muhafiz kay toor parr munaqid kii jaa rahee hay "kayee mukhtalif qasm kii transgender riyasaton aur afraad kaa zakar kartaa hay-mard jaisi aurat (" vaporesica ")yee jansi bay cheeni (" sambhanna ")yee jiss mein donon jinson kii khususiyat (" abhtovianjanaka ") waghairah haine.". austrailvi national university kay petter jackson nay mahsus kiyaa kahh paali cannon kaa saree lankaa aur thayee lend jeesay asee tarah kay mamalik kii teesri sanfi saqafaton parr numayan asar hay. "yee inn qadeem hindustani matun mein jans aur jans kay bayanaat kuu juu cheez khaas toor parr dilchasp banaati hay wah thayee lend mein inn kii asree mutabiqat hay juu saree lankaa barmaa laus aur kambodiya kay saath mill kirr aishiyayi saqafati shobay kaa hasah hay jiss mein tharawad badh mutt eek aham saqafati idaarah hay.". saqafat. wah mukhtalif mulazimat kay shoabon mein mulazimat kartay haine khaas toor parr "tajarti jansi kaam khubsurati saqafat mahman nawazi kay shobay aine jee awo sector aur sarkaari shobay mein mahdud taadad" mein. siftiyat. astalah 'naachi' baday paimanay parr transgender logon kay liye istemaal hoti hay jabkah neponska kuu transsicule kay teesre jans parr mubni naqtah nazar kuu zahir karnay kay liye istemaal kiyaa jaa saktaa hay. hajrah' kii astalah jazeeray parr teesri jans kii baradari kay liye bhee istemaal kii jaa sakti hay. pandaka. hindustani zabanon mein 'pandaka' kii astalah kay duu maanee haine. pehla 'khwajah saraon' say maraad hay aur iss kaa taaluq taamil say hay. dosra humm jans parsat mardon say maraad hay aur asay taleemi toor parr zabaan kii eek shakal samjha jaataa hay. naachi. nacheez kuu mukhtalif qasm kay logon kay toor parr biyaan kiyaa gayaa hay juu mukhalif jans parsat mard daqyanosi tasvaraat kay mutabiq nahein haine. yaha tarikhi toor parr karaas dressers kuu biyaan karnay kay liye istemaal hotaa thaa leakin abb ziyadah tarr transgender logon kuu biyaan karnay kay liye istemaal hotaa hay. chand tanzimein jeesay kahh national aidz konsal iss community kuu "aisey mard juu dosray mardon kay saath jansi taaluq rakhtay haine" kay toor parr biyaan karti haine. wah ayem aiss dabliyo kay toor parr bhee kaam kartay haine aur mukhtalif crozing points say clients kuu uthatay haine. client honay kay alawah inn kay aksar baqayedah mard jansi saathi hotay haine jinn kay saath jansi srgarmi maali leane deen kay baghair hoti hay."yaha qaabil bahas hay kahh iss say kiyaa maraad hay tahim koyee saaf tareef farahim nahein kii gayee hay. deegar tanzimein inhein transgender community kii zeeli saqafat kay toor parr biyaan karti haine aksar teesri jans yaa aghwa jaisi astalahat kay muthbadil kay toor parr. neponska. sanhali zabaan mein payee jaanay waali eek astalah juu tarikhi toor parr naachi kay jeesay hyee istemaal hoti thee leakin abb yaa tuu khwajah saraon yaa hermaphroditis say maraad hay. seyasat. saree lankaa kay aayeen kii surathaal waisi hyee hay jaisi sanfi masawaat say mutaliq hindustan kay aayeen mein payee jaati hay halankah saree lankaa kii suprem court mein asee tarah say qanoon bananay aur paspa karnay kay akhtiyarat kaa faqdan hay jeesay suprem court aaf indiya kay paas hay. human rights waach nay kahaa kahh teesri jans kay logon kuu saree lankaa kay qanuni nazaam say tahfuz haasil nahein hay. iss nay parliament say mutalibah kiyaa kahh wah teen qawanin kuu paspa karkay teesri jans honay kuu ghair mujarimanah qaraar day vovo saree lankaa kay tazirati zabtay kii dafah 365 aur 365 aey aur vigrant ordinance. iss nay yaha bhee sfarish kii kahh hukumat imtiyazi salok say ladnay kay liye jaamaa qawanin manzoor karay. eel jee bee tye kay haqoq kay karkanon nay inn transgender logon kay liye halaat kuu behatar bananay parr taujah markoz kii hay juu eek aur binery jans mein tabdil honaa chahtay haine iss kay barakas barazmi hindustan mein tarqi jehaan tehreek nay teesri jans waali baradari parr taujah markoz kii hay. jazeeray parr jansi aqliyaton mein teesri jans kay haqoq parr bay hasee hay keunkah inhein lagtaa hay kahh iss say jazeeray parr deegar aqliyati baradariyon kii tarqi sast how jaaye gee juu binery jans kay mutabiq haine. shanakhat. afraad kay registration kay mahkame kay commissioner ney apfa kay tahat kahaa kahh wah transgender afraad kay liye eek nayey number kay saath nayee shanakhti card farahim karein gay. samaji masail. maali masail. teesri jans kii community kaa eek aham tabqah apnay hayatiyati waldeen kii taraf say mustarid kiye jaanay kay natijay mein jansi kaam karnay yaa paisay kii bheek maangnay parr majbur hotaa hay. community kii ghair mutnasib taadad mein rasmi taleem kaa faqdan hay aur wah nokariyan talaash karnay say qaasir haine. eek teesri jans kay shaqs nay wazahat kii "haqeeqat mein yaha behat mashkal hay. yaha posher columbo 07 logon kay liye balkal theek hay vovo wah doctor aur wakeel aur iss tarah kay how saktay haine. gharib logon kuu yaha mashkal hotaa hay aur aksar inn kay saath badsaloki kii jaati hay yahee wajah hay kahh wah apnay khandanon kuu chhod deetay haine yaa raaz kii zindagi guzartay haine. samaji adraak kii badolat kaam talaash karnaa bhee waaqee mashkal hay yahee wajah hay kahh aap kuu behat say trans loag miltay haine juu jansi kaam mein masruf haine yaa juu raqaas haine. behat say transgender loag apnee matlubah jans mein tabdili laanay kii ziyadah laagat kay baaray mein shikayat kartay haine jazwi toor parr iss liye kahh sarkaari maali aanat say chalnay waali sahuliyaat aam toor parr naqis mayaar kii hoti haine aur jazeeray parr tarbiyat yaaftah amley kii kamee mojud hay.yaha khayaal kiyaa jaataa hay kahh mutadid transgender afraad apnay liye paisah kamanay kay liye jansi kaam kay toor parr kaam karnay parr majbur hotay haine halankah inhein giraftar honay kaa khatrah lahiq hotaa hay keunkah jazeeray parr jasm faroshi ghair qanuni hay. sehat. teesri jans waali baradari kuu aksar jazeeray parr sehat kay karkanon kii taraf say imtiyazi salok kaa saamna karnaa padta hay aur qanuni toor parr iss kaa hqdar honay kay bawajood bhee apnee jans kuu tabdil karnaa mashkal how saktaa hay. haqoq naswan. saree lankaa mein teesri jans kay saath salok kay baaray mein eek shikayat mein kahaa gayaa hay kahh mulazimat mein mardon aur auraton kay darmiyan sanfi adam masawaat say patah chalta hay kahh teesri jans kay liye rozgaar haasil karnaa katnaa mashkal hay.

0001273e98c42f39b37ff1b9d0b10929c69223a7ebdbf0a45579fa4782f203d4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1525656

261 Prymno

261 Prymno Main belt asteroid Prymno (minor planet designation: 261 Prymno) is a somewhat large Main belt asteroid. It is classified as a B-type asteroid and probably has a primitive composition not unlike common C-type carbonaceous asteroids. It was discovered by C. H. F. Peters on October 31, 1886, in Clinton, New York and was named after the Greek Oceanid Prymno. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

261 primno primnu (xoru grohor podobih 261 primnu) hoise kichu porimane dangor mool beltor grohanu. iyak bi-prokaror grohanu hisape shrenibodho koraa hoise aaru xombhobotoh iyar ek aadim gothon aase ji xadharon chi-prokaror carbonesius grohanur dore nohoy. iyak chi-ror dwara abiskar koraa hoisil. eis. ef. 1886 sonor 31 octoborot neworkor clintonot pietersor naam greek oh 'sinid primon' ror naamere rokha hoisil.

261 primon premon (chhoto groher upadhih 261 premon) kichuta borh prodhan belt grahanu. etty ekti bii-type grahanu hisabe shreniboddho koraa hoyeche ebong sombhoboto ekti adim gathon royeche jaa sadharan shee-type karbonjukto grahanur moto noy. etty shee dwara abishkrito hoyechilo. eich. eff. 1886 saaler 31shhey octobor neu iyarker klintone pieters-err namkaran koraa hoy greek mahasagariya primonor naame.

261 preman preman (naana grahanu naam 261 preman) aee kaneek anshe moto mukhya patto dharaavto laghugrah chhe. tene bii-prakaarnaa laghugrah tareeke vargikrut karvaamaa aave chhe aneey kadaach tenee mool rachnaa saamanya see-prakaarnaa carbonesius laghugrahthi vipareet nathee. tenee shodh see. dwara karvaamaa aavee hatee. aech. aef. 31 october, 1886naa roj clinton, newyorkma pieters aneey tenu naam grick oceaned primanonaa naam parthee rakhvama aavyu hatoo.

261 primanon priman (laghu grah padnaamah 261 priman) kuchh hudd taka badaa mukhya pattiya kshudragrah haye. ise bee-prakaar key kshudragrah key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye aur sambhavatah isaki ack adim sanrachana haye joe samanya see-prakaar key karbanyukt kshudragrahon key vipareet naheen haye. isaki khoj see dwara kii gaee thee. aich. aff. 31 octuber, 1886 koo clinton, newyork mein peaters kaa naam greek mahasagariya primno key naam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa.

261 primeno primeno (sanna grahada hesaru 261 primeno) swalpa dodda mukhya belt kshudragrahavagide. idannu bii-reetiya kshudragrahavendu vargeekarisalaagide mattu bahushah saamaanya sii-reetiya carbonesius kshudragrahagaliginta bhinnavagi praachina samyojaneyannu hondide. idannu sii kanduhidididdare. etch. eff. 1886rahra october 31randu newyorkna clinton nalli petersge greek oceanid primeno hesarannu idalaayitu.

261 primeno primeno (cheria grahanamam 261 primeno) oru cheria pradhana beltt chhinnagrahamaan. ithu oru bii-type chhinnagrahamayi tharamthirickunnu, orupakshe saadhaarana sii-type carbonatius chhinnagrahangalil ninnu vyathyasthamallatha oru aadima gadanayundu. sii aanu ithu kandethiyathu. echu. eph. 1886 october 31 nuu newyorkkile klintanil peettezhsin greak ausianid primenoyude peraanu nalkiyirikkunnath.

261 premano premano (laghu grah navah 261 premano) haah kahisa motha mukhya pattyacha laghugrah aahe. tyache bii-prakarcha laghugrah mhanoon vargikaran kele gele aahe aanee bahudha tyachi rachana samanya see-prakarchya carbonsius laghugrahansarkhi nahee. yacha shodh see. yanni lavala. etch. eff. 31 aktoobar 1886 roji newyorkmadheel clinton yethe pietersla greek oceanud primnoche naav denyat aale.

261 primno primno (sano grahako padanamah 261 primno) kehi hadasamma thulo mukhya belt kshudragraha how. yasalai bee-prakarko kshudragrahako rupma wargikrit garieko chha rar sambhawatah samanya see-prakarko carbonesius kshudragraharu jasto nabhai adim sanrachana chha. yo see dwara patta lagaieko thiyo. etch. ef. october 31,1886 maa clinton, newyorkma pieterharu rar greek osenid primnoko nambata namkaran garieko thiyo.

261 primno primno (khudra graha padabeeh 261 primno) eka kichhi matrare budd mukhya belt grahanu. ehaaku eka bii-type grahanu bhabare bargeekruta karajaichi ebong sambhabatah ehara eka adim gathan achhi jaahaa sadharana sii-type carbonesius grahanu thaaru bhinna nuhen . ehaa sii. nka dwara aabiskruta hoithila. etch. aif. 1886 masiha october 31 tarikhare nyujarkara klintanre pitarsnka naama greek oshenid praimnonka naamare namit hoithila.

261 primano primno (chhota grahi naam 261 primno) ikk kujh vadda mukkh bellet astroid haii. iss noon bee-kisam dey astroid vajon shrenibadh keeta giaa haii atey shayed iss dee ikk aarambhik banatar haii joe aam see-kisam dey carbonesius astroidan dey ulat naheen haii. iss dee khoj see duaara keeti gaee see. aich. eff. pieters 31 aktubar, 1886 noon clinton, newyork witch atey isda naam yunani oceaned primano dey naam utte rakkhiaa giaa see.

261 praimno praimno (laghugrahanaam 261 praimno) ekaha vishaalah mukhya-pattiya-kshudragrah asti. etat bee-prakarasya kshudragrah iti vargeekaritam asti, sambhawatah tasya adima-rachanaa asti, samanyasya see-prakarasya carbonesius-kshudragrahanam apekshayaa naa. tasya aavishkaarah see ityanena krutah. haha. cha. 1886 october 31 dinaanke nyuyaark-nagarasya clinton-nagare peaters-namakasya naam greek-oceanid-praimno-ityasya namna krutam.

261 brymno brymno (siriya kiragam peyar 261 brymno) enbathu oralavu periya mukiya belt sirukoal aagum. idhu oru pii-vagai sirukoal yena vagaippaduththappattullathu mattrum podhuvaaga chii-vagai carbonesius sirukoalgalaip poalallaamal oru palamaiyaana kalavaiyaik kondirukkalaam. idhu chii moolam kandupidikkappattathu. ech. eff. october 31,1886 andru newyorkin clindonil peters, kiraekka kadal primenovin peyaraal peyaridappattathu.

261 primeno primeno (chinna graham paeruh 261 primeno) kontha pedda pradhana belt grahasakalam. idhi bii-rakam grahasakalamgaa vargeekarinchabadindi mariyu bahusha saadhaarana sii-rakam carbonatius grahasakalaala maadirigaa kakunda aadima kuurpunu kaligi untundi. dheenini sii kanugonnaru. hetch. eff. october 31,1886naa newyorkloni clintonlo peters anae paeru pettaru, dheeniki greeku mahasamudra primeno paeru pettaru.

261 parmano primeno (mamuli seeyarey kaa ahdah: 261 primeno) kasee hadd takk badaa markazi bellet seyarcha hay. asay bee qasm kay seyarche kay toor parr darjah bund kiyaa gayaa hay aur shayed iss kii ibtadayi saakhat aam see qasm kay carbonesis seeyarchon kay barakas nahein hay. asay see nay driyafat kiyaa thaa. aich. aif. patters 31 aktobar 1886 kuu culton neoyork mein aur iss kaa naam yunani samandari primeno kay naam parr rakhaa gayaa.

000127ec752c965946b007a5575756016b9bfe296dace83f06b3142b3125da6d

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33114034

Erik Nyström

Erik Nyström Swedish professional ice hockey player (born 1993) Erik Nyström (born October 30, 1993) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with the KHL Medveščak Zagreb of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Nystrom was selected by the Montreal Canadiens in the 6th round (154th overall) of the 2012 NHL Entry Draft. Nystrom made his Elitserien debut during the 2011–12 season playing 19 games with Modo. In August 2013 it was announced by the Hamilton Bulldogs that they had signed Nyström to a 25-game professional tryout contract (PTO). After 18 games with the Bulldogs he was released from his PTO and signed with the Croatian KHL club KHL Medveščak Zagreb on November 25, 2013. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

erik nistrom erik nistrom (jonmo 30 octobor, 1993) ejon suidenor pesadari aais hockey kheluwoi. teu bortoman mohadexiyo hockey leeg (key. eis. el.) ror key. el medvesak jagrebor xoite khelise. 2012 sonor eno. eis. el. prowex khosorar xostho roundot (xamogrikbhabe (xamogrikbhabe montoriyel kanadiyanxokole nistromok basoni korisil. nistrome modur xoite xoite khel kheli 2011-12 sijonor xomoyot obhijatxokolor maajot aatmoprokax korisil. 2013 sonor aagosto maahot hamilton buldogse ghuxona korisil je teuluke 25-gemor pesadari triout sukti (pitio ") too naistrom swakhyor korise. buldogor xoite xoite khelor pisot teuk teur pi. ti. oh 'ror poraa mukoli koraa hoisil aaru 25 novembor, 2013-too crotian khlo club khlo medbhesak jagrebor xoite swakhyor koraa hoisil.

erik niestrom erik nistrom (jonmo octobor 30,1993) ekjon suidish peshadar aise hockey kheload. bortomane tini mahadeshiya hockey leager (keey. eich. ell) kl medveshok jagreb-err hoye khelchen. 2012 saaler enn. eich. ell entry drafter drafter rounde (samogrikbhabe (samogrikbhabe montrial kanadianra nistromke nirbachito korechilo. cystrom modo diye 19tii gema khele 2011-12 morshume taar abhijatder atmoprokash korechilen. 2013 saaler auguste hamilton bulldogs ghoshana korey jey taaraa 25-gemer peshadar triout chuktite (pto) niestrom swakkhar koreche. buldoggulir saathe 18tii khelar porey tini taar pto theke mukti paan ebong 25 navembar, 2013-ayee kroyeshiya khaal club khol medveshak jagreber saathe chuktiboddho hohn.

erick nyastrom erick nyastrom (janm 30 october, 1993) swedish vyaavsaayik aais hockey khelaadi chhe. teey haalmaa continental hockey leag (keey. aech. aela.) naa keey. aela. medwesk zagreb saathe ramee rahyo chhe. 2012 aena. aech. aela. entry draftnaa chhaththa round (ekandare (ekandare maan montriyal kenediyan dwara nistromnee pasandagi karvaamaa aavee hatee. nistrome modo saathe 19 ramato rameene 2011-12 season darmiyan tenee abhijatya vargnee sharuaat curry hatee. august august hamilton bulldogs dwara jaaherat karvaamaa aavee hatee keey teoae 25-ramatnaa vyaavsaayik triout karaar (pii. tii. oo.) maate nyastrom parr hastakshar karyaa chhe. bulldogs saatheni 18 ramato pachhi tene tenaa pii. tii. oo. maanthi mukt karvaamaa aavyo hato aneey 25 november, 2013 naa roj croatian khl club khl medwesk zagreb saathe karaar karyo hato.

erich nyastrom erich nyastrom (janm 30 octuber, 1993) ack swedish peshevar aais hockey khilaadi hain. vaha vartamaan mein continental hockey leag (key. aich. ell.) key key. ell. medwesk jagreb key saath khel rahey hain. 2012 aine. aich. ell. pravishti masaude key 6vein daur (kull milakar 154vein) mein montrial kanadian dwara nistrom kaa chayan kiya gayaa thaa. niestrome ney modo key saath 19 game khelate hue 2011-12 season key dauran apani abhijaat shuruat kii. agast 2013 mein hamilton bulldog dwara yeh ghoshana kii gaee thee kii unhone 25-game peshevar triout anubandh (pee. tii. oh.) key liye nyastrom parr hastakshar kiye they. bulldog key saath 18 khelon key baad unhein apane pee. tii. oh. seey riha curr diyaa gayaa aur 25 navambar, 2013 koo croatian club key. ell. medwesk zagreb key saath hastakshar kiye gaye.

erich niestrome erich niestrome (janana october 30,1993) sweedish vruttipara ais hockey atagara. avaru prastuta continental hockey leigh (keey. etch. ell) naa khl medwescock jagreb jote aduttiddare. 2012rahra nhl pravesha karadinalli 6neey suttinalli (ottaareyaagi 154neey) montrial kenadiyannaru nistromannu ayke maadidaru. systrome, mododondige 19 aatagalannu adutta, adutta rtuvinalli tanna ganyara chocchala praveshavannu maadidaru. august august hamilton bulldogs avaru 25-atagala vruttipara triout oppandakke (pto) naistramge sahi haakiruvudaagi ghoshisidaru. buldaggalondige 18 atagala nantara avarannu avara pii. tii. oo. yinda bidugade maadalaayitu mattu november 25,2013 randu croatian khl club khl medwescock jagreb jote sahi haakalaayitu.

eric naistrom oru sweedish professional aise hockey kalikkaranaanu eric naistrom (jananam october 30,1993). addeham nilavil kondinental hockey leaginte (kll) khal medwescack sagrebinoppamaanu kalikkunnathu. 2012 enhl entry draafttinte aaram roundil (mothatthil 154-aamm) montriyal canadians nistromine thiranjedutthu. modo upayogichu 19 geyimukal kalicha 2011-12 seasonil nistrom thante elitseriyan arangettam kurichu. 2013 augustil haamilttan buldogukal 25-geyim professional triout karaaril (pii. tii. oo) naistrom oppittathayi prakhyaapichu. buldogukalumaayulla 18 kalikalkku sesham addehathe pii. tii. oyil ninnu mochippikkukayum 2013 november 25 nuu croatian khal club khal medwescack sagrebumaayi karar oppidukayum cheythu.

erich nyastrom erich nyastrom (janm 30 aktoobar 1993) haah eka swedish vyavsayik aais hockey kheladu aahe. too sadhya khandiy hockey leegchya (keey. etch. ell.) keey. ell. medwescuck zagreb sanghakadun khelat aahe. 2012 aine. etch. ell. pravesh masudyatil 6 vya fereet (ekoon 154 vya) montriyal canadianne nistromchi nivad kelee. systromne modosah 19 samne khelatana, 2011-12 hangamat abhijat vargamadhye padarpan kele. august 2013 madhye hamilton bulldogne jaheer kele qee tyanni 25-gemchya vyavsayik triout kararasathi (pii. tii. oo.) nyastromvar swakshari kelee aahe. bulldogs 18 samnyannantar tyala tyachya pii. tii. oo. madhoon mukt karnyat aale aanee 25 november 2013 roji croatian khl club khl medwescuck zagrebashi karar keela.

erich nyastrom erich nyastrom (janma october 30,1993) ek swidis peshewar ais hakki kheladi hun. uni hall continental hakki ligg (kll) ko kl medbheskak jagarebsanga kheldaichhan. sann 2012 nll prawishti draftko 6 aun round (samagrama 154 aun) maa montrial canadianharudwara nistrom chayan garieko thiyo. nistromle modosanga 19 khel kheldai 2011-12 sijanko samayama afno alitserian debue gare. august 2013 maa hamilton buladagharule ghoshana gare kii uniharule 25-khel wyawasayik parikshan samjhauta (pto) maa nyastromma hastakshar gareka thie. buladogharusanga 18 khelharu pachhi unlai unko ptobata riha gariyo rar november 25,2013 maa croasian khla club khla medbheskak jagarebsanga hastakshar gariyo.

erich nistrome erich nistrome (janma october 30,1993) jane swidenara peshadara ices hockey khelali. shay bartamana continental hockey ligg (kee. etch. ell.) rahr kee. ell. medabheskaka jagreb sahita kheluchanti. 2012 enn. etch. ell. entry draftra shastha round (samagrika bhabe 154tama) ray montreal kanadijanamananka dwara nistrome chayan karajaithila. nistrome modo sahita 19tii match kheli 'id1' ruture nijara abhijata padarpana karithile. august 2013 ray hamilton bulldog dwara ehaa ghoshana karajaithila je semane 25-game pesadara triout chukti (pto) ray nistrome swakhyara karichanti. bulldog sahita 18 tii match parey tanku taanka pitioru mukta karajaithila ebong navember 25,2013 ray croasian khl club khl medabheskak jagreb sahita swakhyara karithile.

erik nestrom erik nistrom (janam 30 aktubar, 1993) ikk swedish peshevar aaees hockey khidari haii. uh iss vele mahandeep hockey leeg (keey. aich. aill.) dey keey. aill. medwesk zagreb naal khed riha haii. nestrom noon montrial canadians duaara 2012 ainn. aich. ail. entary draft dey 6ven daur (samuche taur 'teey 154ven) witch chunhiaa giaa see. nistrom neey modo naal 19 games khedade hoye 2011-12 season dauran aapni kuleen shuruat keeti. agast 2013 witch hamilton bulldogs duaara ih ailaan keeta giaa see kii unhan neey 25-game peshevar azmaish ikrarname (pee. tii. ou.) laee nestrom utte dastkhat keete sunn. buldogan naal 18 geman toon baad uss noon aapne pee. tii. ou. toon rihaa qarr ditta giaa atey 25 navambar, 2013 noon croatian club khail medwesk zagreb naal dastkhat keete gaye.

erika nastrome rikk nastrom (janma october 30,1993) swedish-deshasya vyaavasaayikah ais-haakee-kreedakah asti. saha samprati continental-haakee-leag (key. ech. ell.) ityasya key. ell. medwescack-jagreb ityanena saha kreeditavaan. 2012 enn. ell. pravesha-praaroopasy shashta-charane (samagratayaa 154) montriyal-canadians-dwara nistrom iti chitam. newstrom ityeshah modo ityanena saha 19 kreedaah kriditva, 2011-12 creedaa-rutau abhijata-kridaayaam padaarpanam krutavaan. 2013 august-maase hamilton bulldogs-dwara ghoshitam yat te 25-kreedaah vyaavasaayik-triat-anubandham (pee. tea. o.) kartum nastrom-samsthaayaam hastaaksharam krutavantah iti. buldag-kreedaam saha 18 kreedaam anantaram saha swasya pee. tea. o. taha muktah abhavat, croatian-khl-club khl-medweskaak-zagreb ityanena saha 25 november 2013 dinaanke hastaaksharam krutavaan.

erik nicestrome erik nicestrome (prappu october 30,1993) oru sweedish thozhilmurai aiz haakki veerar aavaar. avar tharpoothu kandam vittu haakki leak (kae. ech. ell) inn kl medwesack jagreb udan vilayaadi varukiraar. 2012 enhl nuzhaivu varaivin 6 vadhu suttril (ottumoththamaaga 154 vadhu) montrial kanadiyangalaal nistrome thaernthedukkappattathu. nistrome thanathu uyaradukkinarin arimugaththai 2011-12 season poathu moadoavudan 19 vilaiyaattukalai vilaiyaadinaar. august 2013 ill haamiltan pultaakkugalaal avarkal 25-vilayaattu thozhilmurai soathanai oppanthaththil (pii. dii. ooo) nicestrome kaiyezhuththittathaaga arivikkappattathu. pultaakkugaludan 18 aattangkalukkup piragu avar thanathu pii. dii. oovilirunthu viduvikappattu, navambar 25,2013 andru groashiya khhl kilap khhl medwesack jagrepudan kaiyeluththittaar.

eric niestrome eric niestrome (jananam october 30,1993) oka swedish professional ice hockey aatagadu. athanu prastutam continental hockey leag (khcl) yokka khl medwescock jagrebto aadutunnadu. 2012 enhetchl entry draft yokka 6va roundloo (mottam 154va) montrial kenadiyanlu nistromnu empika chesaaru. systrome modotho 19 atalu aadutuu 2011-12 seasonlo thana unnata sthaayi aatagadiga arangetram chesaadu. aagashtu aagashtu hamilton bulldogs vaaru 25-aatala professional triout contract (pto) kuu niestrompy santakam chesinatlu prakatinchaaru. buldaglatho 18 aatala taruvaata athanu thana pii. tii. oo nundi vidudala cheyabaddaadu mariyu november 25,2013naa croatian khl club khl medwescock jagrebto santakam chesaadu.

airak nestrome airak nestrome (paidaish 30 aktobar 1993) sweadish paishah warr aais haaki khilaadi hay. wah iss waqat continental haaki leeg (kay aich eel) kay kay eel medweski zagrib kay saath kheel rahay haine. nestrome kaa intekhaab montriyal canadines nay 2012 aine aich eel intery draft kay chhatay round (majmuyi toor parr 154 wein) mein kiyaa thaa. nestrome nay 2011-12 seezan kay doraan modo kay saath 19 kheel kheel kirr apnay ashrafiya kaa aaghaz kiyaa. agast 2013 mein hammelton buildogs nay aalaan kiyaa kahh inhon nay 25 gaim kay professional trayee aaot contract (pee tye awo) kay liye nestrome parr dastakhat kiye haine. buildog kay saath 18 kheelon kay baad asay apnay pee tye awo say rehaa kirr diyaa gayaa aur 25 nomber 2013 kuu karoshiyayi kalb kill medweski zagrib kay saath muahidah kiyaa gayaa.

000128fdd2ccb1a01b108c12b233145ab1da7546b40ec47a39d1252d36bade82

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16672173

Abraham Arnold

Abraham Arnold United States Army general Abraham Kerns Arnold (March 24, 1837 – November 23, 1901) was a U.S. Cavalry officer during the American Civil War and, while a captain in the 5th U.S. Cavalry, received the Medal of Honor for leading "a gallant charge against a superior force of the enemy, extricated his command from a perilous position in which it had been ordered" against Confederate forces at Davenport Bridge, Virginia, on May 10, 1864. He is the father of Colonel Percy Weir Arnold, a cavalry officer serving during the Spanish–American War, the Philippine–American War and the First World War. Early life and education. Born in Bedford, Pennsylvania, Arnold entered West Point and graduated with the class of 1859 as a brevet Second Lieutenant in the 2nd Cavalry Regiment. Career. Participating in campaigns against the Comanche while stationed in Fort Inge, Arnold held a distinguished service record during the American Civil War. Promoted to first lieutenant in April 1861, he served as adjutant of the 5th Cavalry Regiment. He was cited "for gallant and meritorious services" at Gaines' Mill and Todds Tavern, brevetted to captain and major after both engagements respectively. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Davenport Bridge leading his regiment in a cavalry charge against superior Confederate forces to rescue men under his command and preventing their capture. In June 1869, he was promoted to full major of the 6th U.S. Cavalry. By early 1879, he was directing operations against the Apaches in southeastern Arizona, accompanying an expedition into Mexico later that year in pursuit of renegade Apaches to Lake Guzman. As acting assistant adjutant general to General Orlando B. Willcox, Arnold would also take part in the Battle of Cibecue Creek on August 30, 1881. As a lieutenant colonel in 1886, he would also fight in the expedition against the Crows of the North Plains the following year. He would hold a number of command posts during the next twelve years, including a term as commander of the Cavalry and Light Artillery School (1895-1898), and was promoted to colonel in 1891. During the Spanish–American War, Arnold accepted a field commission as brigadier general of volunteers and led 2nd U.S. Division of the 7th Army Corps in Cuba from January 16, 1898, until April 1, 1899. After the war, he reverted to his permanent rank of colonel in command of the 1st U.S. Cavalry in May 1899. General Arnold was a Companion of the California Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Death and legacy. He retired on March 25, 1901, and died several months later in Cold Spring-On-Hudson, New York, on November 23, 1901. His grave can be found in the Cemetery of Saint Philip's Church Garrison, New York. Arnold Hall at Fort Riley, Kansas, where he served as commandant of the Cavalry and Artillery School and the Army post, was named in his honor. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

abraham arnold abraham kerns arnold (24 march, 1837-23 novembor, 1901) ejon eu aasil.ess. aamerikar grihojudhor xomoyot oswaruhi bahinir bixoya aaru 5moo yu-too captain hisape.ess. xotrur ek unnot bahinir biruddhe ek birotwopurno obhijugor netritwo diyar baabe xonmanor podok laabh koraa oswaruhi bahiniye 1864 sonor 10 mey 'too bharjiniyar devenop" rt brijot confederate bahinir biruddhe ek bipodjonok owosthanor poraa teur aadex uliyaisil. teu spanis-aamerikan juddho, philipine-aamerikan juddho aaru prothom biswojudhor xomoyot xewa aagborhuwa oswaruhi bahinir bixoya cornell parchi weyar arnoldor pitri. prarombhik jiwan aaru xikhya. pensylvanier bedfordot jonmogrohon koraa arnolde west pointot prowex korisil aaru 1859 sonor shrenir xoite dwitiyo oswaruhi rejimentot bravet dwitiyo leftenent hisape snatok degree laabh korisil. keriyar. pho 'rt inget owosthito thokar xomoyot kumanchor biruddhe obhijanot ongxogrohon kori arnolde aamerikar grihojudhor xomoyot ek bixisto xewar obhilekh rakhisil. 1861 sonor aprilot prothom leftenent hisape podunnoti laabh kori teu ponchom oswaruhi rejimentor xohayok hisape karzonirbah korisil. teuk gains mill aaru tods tevernot "birotwopurno aaru gunwan xewar baabe" ullekh koraa hoisil, duyuta byostotar pisot krome captain aaru mejor hisape prostut koraa hoisil. devenport brijor juddhor xomoyot teur rejimentok teur aadexot thoka lukoxokolok uddhar koriboloi aaru teulukok bondi korat baadha diboloi uscho confederate bahinir biruddhe oswaruhi bahinir proti dayitwo luwar baabe teuk xonmanxusok podok prodan koraa hoisil. 1869 sonor june maahot teuk 6stho yur purno mejor hisape podunnoti diya hoisil.ess. oswaruhi bahini. 1879 sonor aarombhonite teu dokhyin-pubo erijunat epasir biruddhe obhijanor nirdexona di aasil, xei bosoror xexor faale maxiculoi ek obhijanor xoite lek gujmenoloi bidruhi epasir onuxoron korisil. general orlandu bi-ror karzobahi xohokari adjutant general hisape. wilcox, arnolde 1881 sonor 30 aagostot sibeku khaarir juddhotou ongxogrohon koribo. 1886 sonot leftenent cornell hisape, teu poroborti bosor uttor xomobhumir kaakor biruddhe obhijanotu juj dibo. poroborti baar bosorot teu keibatau command podd dokhol koribo, jaar bhitorot aase oswaruhi bahini aaru light artilory schoolor commander hisape (1895-1898) karjokal, aaru 1891 sonot cornell hisape podunnoti laabh korisil. spanis-aamerikan juddhor xomoyot arnolde sessaxewokxokolor brigediyar general hisape etaa field commission grohon korisil aaru 2yoy yur netritwo disil.ess. 1898 sonor 16 januaryr poraa 1899 sonor 1 apriloloike kiubat 7moo xena bahinir bibhajon. juddhor pisot teu 1moo eur commandot kornelor sthayi podoloi ghuri aahisil.ess. 1899 sonor mey "maahot oswaruhi bahini. general arnold aamerika juktorastror onugoto xoinyobahinir xamorik aadexor california commanderyr ejon xohojugi aasil. mrityu aaru uttoradhikar. 1901 sonor 25 marchot teu owoxor grohon kore aaru keiba maah pisot 1901 sonor 23 novemborot neworkor cold spring-ono-hadsonot mrityuboron kore. teur xomadhi neworkor saint phillips girja gerisonor koborsthanot puwa yaay. kanchasor pho 'rt rilir arnold holl, zo' too teu oswaruhi bahini aaru kamanori skool aaru xena podor commandant hisape xewa aagborhaisil, teur xonmanot naamkoron koraa hoisil.

abraham arnold abraham curns arnold (24shhey march, 1837-23shhey navembar, 1901) chhilen ekjon eu.esha. markin grihojuddher somoy ashwarohi officer ebong 5maum eu-teey captain thakakalin.esha. ashwarohi bahini, "shatrur ekti uchchotoro bahinir biruddhe ekti birottopurno akromoner netritto deoar jonno sommansuchok podok peyechilo, 1864 saaler 10ee meey virgineer devenport bridge confederate bahinir biruddhe ekti bipojjonok abosthan theke taar commandti berr korey niyechilo. tini cornell percy oyyara arnolder pita, jini spanish-american juddho, phillipine-american juddho ebong prothom bishwojuddher somoy karmarata ekjon ashwarohi kormokorta chhilen. prathomik jeebon oo shikkha. pensylvanier bedforde jonmogrohonkari arnold oyesta pointe probesh corren ebong 1859 saale 2yoy ashwarohi regimente brevet second leftenant hisabe snatok hohn. pesha. phorta inga-ayee abosthan korar somoy komancher biruddhe abhijane ongshogrohon korey, arnold markin grihojuddher somoy ekti bishishto porisheba recorder adhikari chhilen. 1861 saaler aprile prothom leftenant podey unnito hoye tini 5maum ashwarohi regimenter sahokari hisabe dayitto palon corren. gains mill ebong tods saraikhana "birottopurno ebong proshongshoniyo porishebar jonno" taanke uddhrito koraa hoyechilo, ubhoy byastotar porey jothakrome captain ebong mejor hisabe sangkhipto koraa hoyechilo. devenport brijer juddher somoy taanr regimentke taanr netritte thaka purushder uddhar korte ebong taader bondee koraa protirodh korte uchchotoro confederate bahinir biruddhe ashwarohi bahinir netritte taanr kormer jonno taanke sommansuchok podok pradan koraa hoy. 1869 saaler june maase, tini 6stho eu-err purno mejor podey unnito hohn.esha. ashwarohi bahini. 1879 saaler godar dike, tini dakkhin-purbo arizonate apachider biruddhe abhijan porichalona korchilen, seii bochorer shesher dike guzman hrode bidrohi apachider sondhane mexicote ekti abhijaner saathe. general orlando bii-err bharprapto sahokari adjutant general hisabe. wilcox, arnold 1881 saaler 30shhey august cbecue khandir juddheo ongsho neben. 1886 saale leftenant cornell hisabe, tini porer bochor uttor samabhumir kakder biruddhe abhijaneo ladai korben. tini poroborti barro bochore ashwarohi bahini ebong halka kaman bidyalayer (1895-1898) commander hisabe ekti meyad soho besh koyekti command podey adhisthito chhilen ebong 1891 saale cornell podey unnito hohn. spanish-american juddher somoy, arnold swechchasebokder brigadier general hisabe ekti field kamishana grohon korechilen ebong 2yoy eu-err netritto diyechilen.esha. 1898 saaler 16ee januari theke 1899 saaler 1laa april porjonto cuber 7maum seena bahinir bibhag. juddher porr tini 1maum eu-err netritte corneler sthayi podey firey asen.esha. 1899 saaler meey maase ashwarohi bahini. general arnold markin juktorashtrer onugoto sainyabahinir samrik adesher california commandery ekjon sangi chhilen. mrityu oo uttoradhikar. 1901 saaler 25shhey march tini abosar grohon corren ebong koyek maas porr 1901 saaler 23shhey navembar newyorker colled spring-ono-hudsoney maaraa zaan. taanr samadhi newyorker seenta phillips church garrisoner koborsthane pawa yaay. kansaser phorta rilir arnold holl, jekhane tini ashwarohi bahini oo artillery school ebong seena poster commandant hisabe kaaj korechilen, taar sommane namkaran koraa hoyechilo.

abraham arnold abraham cairnus arnold (24 march, 1837-23 november, 1901) aek yuu.aesa. american gruh yuddh darmiyan ashvadal adheekari aneey jyaare 5 mee yuu maan capton hataa.aesa. ashvadalne "dushmanna uchch dada saame bahadurithi humalo karvaa" maate sanmaannu chandrak malyun hatoo, tene 10 meey, meey roj virginia devenport brij khaate sanghnaa dado saame jokhami sthitimathi tenee kamaan upaadi hatee. teo curnell persey veer arnoldnaa pitaa chhe, jeo spanish-american yuddh, phillipine-american yuddh aneey pratham vishva yuddh darmiyan sevaa aaptaa ashvadal adheekari hataa. praarambhik jeevan aneey shikshan. bedford, pensylvaniama janmela arnolde vesta pointmaa pravesh karyo aneey aneey vargmaa beejee kevelari regimentmaa brewett second leftnent tareeke snaatak thayaa. karkirdi. phorta injemaa tainaat hovaa chhataa komaanch saameni zumbeshma bhaag letaa, arnolde american gruh yuddh darmiyan vishisht sevaa reqorda raakhyo hato. april april pratham leftnent tareeke badhatee pamela temane temane kevelari regimentnaa sahayak tareeke sevaa aapee hatee. temne gains mill aneey tods visheemaa "bahaduri aneey prashansneey sevaao" maate tankvama aavyaa hataa, banne pravruttio pachhi anukrame capton aneey mejar tareeke niyukt karvaamaa aavyaa hataa. devenport brijni ladaai darmiyan temnee regimentnee aagevanima temnaa command hethalnaa maanasone bachavva aneey temnaa kabajaane rokvaa maate uchch sangh dado saame ghodesvaar dalnaa chargema temnee regimentnee aagevani darmiyan temnee kreeyao maate temne medala off onara enayat karvaamaa aavyo hato. juuna juuna, temne chhaththa yunaa purn mejar tareeke badhatee aapvama aavee hatee.aesa. ghodesvaar. ghodesvaar sharuaat sudhimaa, teo dakshinpurv arizonama apaacheo saame kaamgirinu nirdeshan curry rahyaa hataa, teey varshnaa antamaa meksikomaa aek abhiyaan saathe guzman talaavmaa vidrohi apaacheoni shodhamaa hataa. general orlendo bii naa kaarykaari sahayak sahayak tareeke. wilcox, arnold 30 august, august roj sibecue khaadini ladaima pann bhaag leshe. leshe leftnent curnell tareeke, teey pachhinaa varshe uttarnaa medanona kagadao saamena abhiyaanmaa pann ladashe. teo aagaami baar varsh darmiyan sankhyaabandh command hoddaao parr raheshe, jemaa kevelari aneey light artillery school (1895-1898) naa commander tareekeno kaarykaad saamel chhe, aneey aneey temne curnell tareeke badhatee aapvama aavee hatee. spanish-american yuddh darmiyan, arnolde svayamsevakonaa brigadier general tareeke filled commission sveekaaryu aneey aneey yuu. noon netrutva karyoo.aesa. 16 january, january 1 april, 1899 sudhee kyubama kyubama sainya dalnu vibhajan. yuddh pachhi, teo teo yunaa commander karnalnaa kaayamee hodda parr paachha faryaa.aesa. meey meey ghodesvaar. general arnold united statesnaa vafaadaar sainyana lashkari aadeshna california commandaryna saathee hataa. mrutyu aneey vaarso. teo 25 march, november roj nivrutt thayaa hataa aneey ketlaak maheenao pachhi 23 november, november roj newyorknaa colled spring-ona-hadsanma mrutyu pamya hataa. temnee qabara saint phillips church garrison, newyorknaa kabrastaanmaa malee shake chhe. phorta reelee, cansas khaatena arnold holl, jyaan temane ghodesvaar aneey topkhaanaa shaala aneey sainyani postnaa commandant tareeke sevaa aapee hatee, tenu naam temnaa sanmaanmaa rakhvama aavyu hatoo.

abraham arnold abraham kernus arnold (24 march, 1837-23 navambar, 1901) ack yuu they.aiss. americi grihyuddh key dauran ghudsavaar adhikaari aur, jabaki 5 vein yuu mein ack kaptan.aiss. ghudsavaar senaa koo "dushman key ack uchch bull key khilaf ack veertapurna aarop kaa netritva karane key liye sammaan kaa padak praapt huaa, 10 maee, 1864 koo devenport brij, virginia mein sangh balon key khilaf ack khatarnak sthiti seey apani kamaan koo baahar nikala gayaa thaa. vaha curnell persey veer arnold key pitaa hain, joe spanish-americi yuddh, phillippeans-americi yuddh aur pratham vishva yuddh key dauran sewarat ack ghudsavaar adhikaari they. praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha. bedford, pensylvania mein janme, arnold ney paschim bindu mein pravesh kiya aur 1859 key varg key saath dwiteeya ghudsavaar resiment mein ack brewett dwiteeya leftinent key roop mein snaatak kiya. carrier. kille mein tainaat rahate hue komanche key khilaf abhiyaanon mein bhaag lete hue, arnold ney americi grih yuddh key dauran ack vishisht seva record banaaya. aprail 1861 mein pahale leftinent key roop mein padonnat hocker, unhone 5veen ghudsavaar resiment key sahayak key roop mein kaary kiya. unhein genn mill aur tods towern mein "veertapurna aur saraahaniya sevaaon key liye" uddhrit kiya gayaa thaa, donon vyastataon key baad kramshah kaptan aur mejar key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. unhein devenport pull kii ladaai key dauran apane karyon key liye sammaan key padak seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa, joe unaki kamaan key tahat purushon koo bachaane aur unhein pakadane seey rokane key liye uchch sangh balon key khilaf ghudsavaar senaa key aarop mein unaki resiment kaa netritva kartaa thaa. juuna 1869 mein, unhein 6 vein yuu key poorna pramukh key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa thaa.aiss. ghudsavaar. 1879 kii shuruat taka, vaha dakshinpurvi arizona mein apaache key khilaf abhiyaan kaa nirdeshan curr rahey they, usa varsh baad mein mexico mein ack abhiyaan key saath renegade apaache key khoj mein jheel guzman mein. general orlando bee key karyavahak sahayak sahayak key roop mein. wilcox, arnold 30 agast, 1881 koo sibecue creak kii ladaai mein bhee bhaag lenge. 1886 mein ack leftinent curnell key roop mein, vaha agale varsh uttari maidani ilaakon key kauvon key khilaf abhiyaan mein bhee ladenge. agale baarah varshon key dauran vaha kaee kamaan padon parr rahenge, jisamen ghudsavaar senaa aur halke topkhaane key school (1895-1898) key commander key roop mein ack karyakal bhee shamil haye, aur 1891 mein unhein curnell key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa thaa. spanish-americi yuddh key dauran, arnold ney swayamsevakon key brigadier general key roop mein ack feeled commission koo sweekaar kiya aur dwiteeya yuu kaa netritva kiya.aiss. cuba mein 16 janwari, 1898 seey 1 aprail, 1899 taka 7veen senaa core kaa vibhajan. yuddh key baad, vaha 1 yuu kii kamaan mein curnell key apane sthaayi pada parr laut aae.aiss. maee 1899 mein ghudsavaar senaa. general arnold sanyukt raajya america key wafadar sainya dall key sainya adesh key california commandary key saathi they. mrityu aur viraasat. way 25 march, 1901 koo sevaanivritt hue aur kaee maheenon baad 23 navambar, 1901 koo colled spring-onn-hudson, newyork mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. unaki kabr sent phillip key church garrison, newyork key kabristan mein paaee jaa sakati haye. kansas key fort reeley mein arnold holl, jahan unhone ghudsavaar senaa aur topkhaane key school aur senaa key pada key commandant key roop mein kaary kiya, kaa naam unake sammaan mein rakhaa gayaa thaa.

abraham arnald abraham kerns arnald (march 24,1837-november 23,1901) yuu.ess. americada antaryuddhada samayadalli ashvadalada adhikari mattu 5neey yuu. nalli capton aagiddaru.ess. ashvadalavu, "shatruvina unnata padeya viruddha shouryada daaliyannu munnadesiddakkagi" gaurava padakavannu padeyitu, mayee 10,1864 randu varjiniyaada davenport setuveyalli okkootada padegala viruddha aadeshisalaada apayakari sthaanadinda tanna aagneyannu horategeyitu. aata spanish-american yuddha, phillipine-american yuddha mattu modala mahayuddhada samayadalli seve sallisuttidda ashvadalada adhikaariyaagidda curnell pursey veer arnoldna tande. arambhika jeevana mattu sikshana. pensilveniyaada bedfordnalli janisida arnald, west point annu praveshisidaru mattu 1859 rahra taragatiyondige 2 neey ashvadalada regimentnalli brewett second leftinent aagi padavi padedaru. vrattijeevana. fort ingeyalli nelesiddaaga komanche viruddhada karyacharanegalalli bhagavahisida arnald, americada antaryuddhada samayadalli vishishta sewa daakhaleyannu hondiddaru. 1861rahra aprilnalli modala leftinent aagi badti padeda avaru 5neey ashvadalada regimentna sahayakanagi seve sallisidaru. gaines mill mattu tods hotelinalli "shaurya mattu shlaghaniya sevegaligaagi" avarannu ullekhisalaayitu, eradoo nishchitaarthagala nantara kramavagi capton mattu majer aagi nemakagondaru. tanna netrutvadalli janarannu rakshisalu mattu avarannu serehidiyuvudannu tadeyalu unnata okkoota padegala viruddha ashvadalada daaliyalli tanna regiment annu munnadesida davenport setuveya yuddhada samayadalli maadida karyagaligagi avanige gaurava padakavannu nidalaayitu. zoon 1869ralli, aata 6neey yuu. naa purna majer huddege badti padedaru.ess. ashvadala. 1879rahra aarambhada velege, aata agneya arijonaadalli apachegala viruddha karyacharanegalannu nirdeshisuttiddaru, aaa varshada koneyalli meksikokke guzman sarovarakke dangekora apachegala anveshaneyalli dandayaatreyannu nadesuttiddaru. general orlando bii ge hangami sahayaka adajutant general aagi. wilcox, arnald avaru august 30,1881 randu nadeda cbq creak kadanadalli bhagavahisidaru. 1886 ralli leftinent curnell aagi, mundina varsha uttara bayalu pradeshada kagegala viruddhada dandayaatreyalli horadidaru. mundina hanneradu varsagalalli avaru ashvadala mattu laghu firangi shaleya (1895-1898) commander padavoo seridante halavaaru command postgalannu hondiddaru mattu 1891 ralli curnell aagi badti padedaru. spanish-american yuddhada samayadalli, arnald svayamsevakara brigadier general aagi feeled commission annu sweekarisidaru mattu 2 neey yuu annu munnadesidaru.ess. 1898rahra janavari 16rinda 1899rahra april 1ravarege cubadalli 7neey seenaa padeya vibhaga. yuddhada nantara, avaru 1neey yuu. kamandna curnell huddege maralidaru.ess. mayee 1899ralli ashvadala. general arnald united statesna nishtaavanta sainyada military aadeshada california kamandariya sahachararaagiddaru. saavu mattu parampare. avaru 1901rahra march 25randu nivruttaraadaru mattu halavaaru tingalugala nantara 1901rahra november 23randu newyorkna colled spring-aun-hadsannalli nidhanaraadaru. avara samadhiyannu newyorkna saint phillips church garrison smashaanadalli kaanabahudu. consasna fort rilenalliruva arnold haalge, allie avaru ashvadala mattu firangi shaleya commandant aagi seve sallisidaru mattu seenaa postge avara gouravaarthavaagi hesarisalaayitu.

abraham arnold ebraham kensu arnold (march 24,1837-november 23,1901) oru yuu.ezz. american aabhyantharayudhasamayathu kuthirappada udyogasthanum anchaam yuu. esile captanumaayi.ezz. 1864 meyy 10 nuu virjeeniyayile davenport bridjil konfedarettu senakalkkethire "shathruvinte oru unnatha senaykkethire dheeramaaya akramanam" nadathiyathinu medel oof oonar labhicha kuthirappada, athu utharavitta apakadakaramaaya sthaanathu ninnu thante command veendeduthu. spanish-american yuddham, philippain-american yuddham, onnaam lokamahaayudham ennivayil sevanamanushticha kuthirappada udyogasthanaaya kenal persey warer aarnoldinte pithaavaan addeham. aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum. pensylvaniayile bedfordil janicha arnold vestt pooyintil praveshikkukayum 1859-ll randaam kuthirappada rejimentil oru randaam leftanantaayi birudam nedukayum cheythu. currier. fort ingeyil nilayurappichirikkumbol komancheykkethiraaya pracharanangalil pankeduttha arnold american aabhyantharayudhakaalathu vishishtamaaya sevana record kaivashappedutthi. 1861 eprilil phastt leftanantaayi sthaanakkayattam labhicha addeham anchaam kuthirappada rejimentinte adjattantaayi sevanamanushtichu. rund pravarthanangalkkum sesham yathaakramam captanum mejar aayi roopeekaricha guines millilum tods taavarnilum "dheeravum sthuthyarhavumaya sevanagalkk" addeham paraamarsikkappettu. thante commandinu keezhilulla aalukale rakshikkunnathinum avare pidikoodunnathu thadayunnathinum unnatha konfedarettu senakalkkethire kuthirappadayude chaarjil thante rejimentine nayicha davenport bridge yudhathil nadatthiya pravarthanangalkku addehathinu medel oof oonar labhichu. 1869 juunil aaram yuu. yude phul mejaraayi sthaanakkayattam labhichu.ezz. kuthirappada. 1879-nte thudakkathil, thekkukizhakkan arisonayile appaachukalkkethiraaya pravarthanangalkku addeham neethrthwam nalkukayum aaa varsham avasaanam guzman thadaakathilekkulla vimatha appaachukale pinthudarunnathinaayi meksikkoyilekkulla oru paryaveshanathodoppam pookukayum cheythu. general orlando bii yude acting asisttant adjattant generalayi. wilcox, arnold 1881 august 30 nuu sibecue creak yudhathilum pankedukkum. 1886 ll lefttanant kenal enna nilayil, adutha varsham vadakkan samathalangalile kaakkakalkkethiraaya paryaveshanatthilum addeham poraadum. adutha panthrand varshathinullil kuthirappadayudeyum laitt artilary skoolinteyum (1895-1898) commander padavi ulppede niravadhi command posttukal vahicha addeham 1891 ll kenalaayi sthaanakkayattam nedi. spanish-american yudhasamayathu, arnold oru feeld kammeeshane sannadhapravarthakarude brigadier generalayi sweekarikkukayum randaam yuu. esine nayikkukayum cheythu.ezz. 1898 januvari 16 muthal 1899 epril 1 vare cubayile ezhaam armi corpsinte division. yudhaanantharam addeham onnaam yuu kamaandaraaya kenal thante sthiramaaya rankilekku madangi.ezz. 1899 meyy maasathil kuthirappada. american aikyanaadukalile vishwastha sainyathinte sainika kramatthile california kamaandariyude koottaaliyaayirunnu general arnold. maranavum paarambaryavum. 1901 march 25 nuu viramicha addeham niravadhi maasangalkk sesham 1901 november 23 nuu newyorkkile colled spring-oonn-hudsonil vachu marichu. addehathinte shavakudeeram newyorkkile sent phillips charchu gaarisaninte semitheriyil kaanam. kuthirappadayudeyum peerankippadayudeyum kamaandantaayum sainika posttaayum sevanamanushticha kansaasile fort riliyile arnold haalinu addehathinte bahumaanaartham peru nalki.

abraham arnold abraham kernus arnold (24 march 1837-23 november 1901) haah eka yu.ess. american yadavi yuddhadarmyan ghodadal adhikari aanee 5 vya yuu madhye capton asatana.ess. ghodadalala, "shatruchya eka uchch sainyaviruddha shoorpane hallah kelyabaddal" sanmanchinh midale, tyane 10 meey 1864 roji virginia yetheel devenport brij yethe sangharajya sainyaviruddha dhokadayak sthanavarun tyachi aadnya kadhali. too curnell persey ware arnoldcha pita aahe, joou spanish-american yuddh, philipine-american yuddh aanee pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan sevet asalela ghodadal adhikari hota. prarambhik jeevan aanee shikshan. pensylvania bedford yethe janmalelya arnoldne west pointmadhye pravesh keela aanee 1859 chya vargasah vargasah ghodadal regimentmadhye brewett sekand leftnunt mhanoon padvi prapt kelee. karkird. phorta inget tainat asatana komancheviruddhachya mohimanmadhye sahbhagi jhalelya arnoldne american yadavi yuddhadarmyan eka pratishthit seva vikram keela. april 1861 madhye pratham leftnunt mhanoon padonnati midalyanantar tyanni 5 vya ghodadal regimentche sahayak mhanoon kaam kele. donhi karyakramanantar anukrame capton aanee mejar mhanoon niyukt kelelya, gains mill aanee tods restaurantmadhye tyanna 'shauryapurn aanee gunakari sevansathi' uddhrut karnyat aale. tyachya netrutvakhalil purushanna vachavanyasathi aanee tyanna pakadane rokhanyasathi, tyachya regimentche netrutva karat, uchch sangharajya dalanviruddha ghodadalane kelelya karvaisathi tyala devenport pulachya ladhaidarmyan kelelya tyachya krutibaddal sanmanchinh pradan karnyat aale. juuna 1869 madhye, tyanna 6 vya yoochya purn mejar mhanoon badhati denyat aalee.ess. ghodadal. 1879 chya suruvatiparyant, too aagney arizonamadhye apache viruddha mohimanche digdarshan karat hota, tyach varshachya uttaradhat mexicomadhye bandkhor apachecha shodh ghenyasathi guzmann talavakade mohimesah jaat hota. general aurlando bii. chey karyavahak sahayyak sahayak mhanoon. willcox, arnold 30 august 1881 roji sibecue khadichya ladhait dekhil sahbhagi honar hota. 1886 madhye leftnunt curnell mhanoon, too pudhchya varshi uttar maidani kavalyanviruddhchya mohimetahi ladhel. pudhil baaraa varshant tyane ghodadal aanee halakya tofkhana shalecha (1895-1898) commander mhanoon karyakalasaha anek kamand padey bhushavali aanee 1891 madhye tyala curnell mhanoon badhati denyat aalee. spanish-american yuddhadarmyan, arnoldne svayamsevakanche brigadier general mhanoon eka kshetriy aayog swikarla aanee 2 raa yuu. chey netrutva kele.ess. kyubachya kyubachya lashkari dalachi vibhagani 16 janewari 1898 teey 1 april 1899 paryant. yuddhanantar, too too yu. chya kamandmadhye karnalchya kayamswarupi padavar paratala.ess. meey 1899 madhye ghodadal. general arnold haah amerikechya nishthavan sainyadalachya lashkari aadeshachya california kamandaricha sathidar hota. mrutyu aanee varsa. teey 25 march 1901 roji nivrutt jhaale aanee anek mahinyanantar 23 november 1901 roji newyorkmadheel colled spring-aun-hudson yethe tyanche nidhan jhaale. tyanchi kabar seent phillips church garrison, newyorkchya smashanbhumit aadhalu shakate. phorta reelee, cansas yetheel arnold holl, jithe tyane ghodadal aanee tofkhana shalecha aanee lashkari chaukicha commandant mhanoon kaam kele hote, tyala tyachya sanmanarth naav denyat aale.

abraham arnold abraham kernus arnold (march 24,1837-november 23,1901) ek yu thie.ess. americi grihayudhako samayama ghodchadhi adhikari rar, jabki 5 aun yu maa kaptan.ess. ghodchadhile, "shatruko uccha balko viruddhama viratapurna akramanko netritwa garekoma sammanko padak prapta garyo, mey 10,1864 maa bharjiniyako devenport brijma confederate senaharu viruddha khatarnak sthitibata afno command nikaldai. uni spanis-americi yuddha, phillipines-americi yuddha rar pahilo vishwayuddhama sewa gariraheka ghodchadhi adhikari kernel percy veer arnoldka pita hun. prarambhik jiwan rar shiksha. bedford, pensylvaniama janmeka arnold west pointma prawesh gare rar 1859 ko wargama dosro ghodchadhi regimentma brebhet second leftinentko rupma snatak gare. currier. fort ingema tainath hunda komanche wiruddhako abhiyanma bhag lindai, arnoldle americi grihayudhako samayama ek wishishta sewa record rakheka thie. april 1861 maa pahilo leftinentma padonnati bhaeko unle 5 aun ghodchadhi regimentko sahayakko rupma sewa gare. unlai gains mill rar tuds tewarnama "viratapurna rar sarahaniya sewaharuka lagi" uddhrit garieko thiyo, duwai wyastata pachhi kramashah kaptan rar mejarko rupma wiksit gariyo. devenport brijko yuddhako kramama unko regimentle afno commandma raheka manisharulai bachauna rar uniharulai kabja garnabata rokna uccha confederate balharu viruddha ghodchadhiko chargema netritwa garekoma unko karyaka lagi unlai medal aff unner pradan garieko thiyo. june 1869 maa, unlai 6 aun yu ko purna mejarma padonnati gariyo.ess. ghodchadhi. sann 1879 ko prarambhama, unle dakshinpurvi arizonama apacheharu viruddha aparesanharu nirdeshan gariraheka thie, tyas warshako antyama mexicoma vidrohi apacheharuko khojma taal gujmanma abhiyanko sath. general orlando bee ko karyawahak sahayak sahayak generalko rupma. wilcox, arnoldle august 30,1881 maa sibekyu khadiko yudhama pani bhag line thie. 1886 maa leftinent karnalko rupma, unle arko warsha uttari maidanka kagharu viruddha abhiyanma pani ladne thie. unle agami bahra warshama ghodchadhi rar halka topkhana schol (1895-1898) ko commanderko rupma karyakal sahit dherai command padaharu samhaleka thie, rar 1891 maa karnalma padonnati gariyo. spanis-americi yuddhako samayama, arnoldle swayamsewakharuko brigadier generalko rupma field commission swikar gare rar dosro yu ko netritwa gare.ess. janawari 16,1898 dekhi april 1,1899 samma kyubama 7 aun sena korko vibhajan. yuddhapachhi, uni 1st U ko commandma karnalko afno sthayi padama farkie.ess. mey 1899 maa ghodchadhi. general arnold sanyukta rajya americako wafadar senako sainya adeshko california commanderyka sathi thie. mrityu rar virasata. uni 25 march 1901 maa sewaniwritta bhae rar dherai mahinapachhi 23 november 1901 maa newyorkko cold spring-unn-hadsanma unko mrityu bhayo. unko chihan cent philipko church garrison, newyorkko kabristanma fela parne sakinchha. fort rilly, kansasko arnold hull, jahaan unle ghodchadhi rar topkhana schol rar sena chaukiko commandantko rupma sewa gare, unko sammanma namkaran garieko thiyo.

abraham arnald abraham corns arnold (march 24,1837-navember 23,1901) jane jayu.ess. americae gruhajudha samajare ashwarohi adhikari ebong 5maha jure captain thibabele.ess. ashwarohi bahini, "shatrunka eka ucchatara bahini biruddhare eka biratwapurna akramanara netrutwa neba paain sammanara padaka grahan karithila, eka bipajjanaka abastharu taanka nirdeshaku bahara karithila jeunthire ehaaku nirdesh diajaithila" meey 10,1864 ray bharjiniara devenport brijare sangheeah bahini biruddhare . shay cornell percy wejara arnoldnka pita, jie spanian-americae juddha, philipine-americae juddha ebong pratham biswajudha samajare karjya karuthiba jane ashwarohi adhikari. prarambhika zeeban ebong sikhya. pensilbhaniaara bedafordare janmagrahana karithiba arnold westa paentare prabesha karithile ebong 1859 masihare dwiteeja ashwarohi rejimentare brebhet dwiteeja leftnant bhabare snataka hassel karithile. kyariyara. fort ingare abasthapita thiba samajare komancha biruddhare abhijanare anshagrahana curry, arnold americara gruhajudha samajare eka bisista seba record rakhithile. 1861 masiha april maasare pratham leftnant bhabe padonnati paai shay pancham ashwarohi regimenter adjutant bhabe karjya karithile. ubhaja karjya parey jathakrame captain ebong mejara bhabe namit hoi, tanku gains mill ebong tods towern thaare "sahasika ebong prashansaneeah seba" paain ullekha karajaithila. devenport brij juddha samajare taanka regimenter netrutware taanka kamandare thiba lokanku uddhara kariba ebong semananku dhariba paain baadha deba paain ucchatara confederate bahini biruddhare ashwarohi chargere taanka rejimentaku sammanara padaka pradan karajaithila. june 1869 ray, tanku 6stha jayu rahr purna mejara bhabare padonnati diajaithila.ess. ashwarohi bahini. 1879 masiha prarambha suddha, shay dakhina-purba arijonare apachimananka biruddhare aparesanara nirdesh deuthile, sehi barsha sheshare guzman hradaku bidrohi aapachinka anusaranare meksikore eka abhijana sahita. general orlando bii. nka karjyakaree sahakaree adjutant general bhabe. wilkx, arnold madhya august 30,1881 ray sibekyu creak juddhare anshagrahana karibe. 1886 ray leftnant cornell bhabare, shay parabarti barsha uttara samatala anchalara cack biruddhare abhijanare madhya ladhibe . parabarti baara barsha madhyare shay aneka command padabeere rahibe, jeunthire ashwarohi bahini ebong haluka artillery skula (1895-1898) rahr commander bhabare eka karjyakala antarbhukta, ebong 1891 ray cornell bhabare padonnati paithile . spanian-americae juddha samajare, arnold swechasebeemananka brigediar general bhabare eka field commission grahan karithile ebong 2jaiah jayu.ess. januari 16,1898 ru april 1,1899 parjyanta kyubare 7maha sena karpra bibhajan. juddha parey, shay 1maha jayu. rahr kamandare karnelanka sthajee pahyaku pherithile.ess. meey 1899 ray ashwarohi bahini. general arnold americara biswasta lijianara samarika adeshar california kamanderira jane saathee thile. mrutyu ebong uttaradhikara. shay 1901 masiha march maasa 25 tarikhare absar neithile ebong kichhi maasa parey 1901 masiha navember maasa 23 tarikhare nyujarkara colled springa-aun-hadsanthare tankara dehant hoithila. taanka samadhi nyujarkara cent phillips churcher kabarasthanare dekhibaku milithae. kansasara fort rilly thaare thiba arnold hull, jeunthare shay ashwarohi bahini ebong artillery schooler commandant bhabe karjya karithile ebong sena postaku taanka sammanare namit karajaithila.

abraham arnold abraham curnus arnold (24 march, 1837-23 navambar, 1901) ikk yuu see.aiss. amriki gharelu yuddh dauran ghodswar adhikari atey, jadon kii 5 veen yuu witch ikk kaptan see.aiss. ghodswar saina, jiss noon "dushman dee ikk uttam saina dey virudh ikk bahadari bharey hamle dee agvai curran laee sanman daa tamga miliaa, neey 10 maee, 1864 noon verginia dey devenport brij vikhe sangh deeaan faujan dey virudh ikk khatarnak sathiti toon aapni command prapat keeti jiss witch iss noon adesh ditta giaa see. uh karnal parsi veer arnold daa pitaa haii, joe spanish-amriki yuddh, philipine-amriki yuddh atey pahile vishav yuddh dauran seva nibha riha ikk ghodswar adhikari see. mudhla jeevan atey sikkhiaa. bedford, pensylvania witch paida hoye arnold neey pachmi bindu witch pravesh keeta atey 1859 dee class naal duji ghodswari regiment witch ikk brevet dooje leftinent vajon graduate hoye. carrier. fort inj witch tayinat honn dauran komanche dey virudh muhimman witch hissa lainde hoye, arnold neey amriki gharelu yuddh dauran ikk vilakkhan seva ricard rakkhiaa. aprail 1861 witch pahile leftinent vajon tarakki ditti gaee, usne 5 veen ghodswar regiment dey sahaik vajon seva nibhai. uhanan noon gains mill atey tods towern witch "bahadari atey shandar sevavan" laee darsaiaa giaa see, dovan rujheviaan toon baad kramvaar kaptan atey mejar vajon pesh keeta giaa see. uss noon devenport brij dee ladai dauran uss deeaan karvaiaan laee sanman daa maddle ditta giaa see, jiss witch uss dee regiment neey aapni command heth aadmiaan noon bachaun atey unhan noon fadan toon rokann laee ucch sangh deeaan faujan dey virudh ghodswar hamle witch agvai keeti see. juun 1869 witch, uss noon 6 veen yuu dey poore mejar vajon tarakki ditti gaee see.aiss. ghodswar. 1879 dey arambh takk, uh dakkhan-purbi arizona witch apache virudh karvaiaan daa nirdesh dey riha see, uss saal dey akheer witch mexico witch guzman jheel takk vidrohi apache dee bhaal witch ikk muhim dey naal. general orlando bee dey karajkari sahaik sahaik general vajon. wilcox, arnold 30 agast, 1881 noon cbq creak dee ladai witch vee hissa lainge. 1886 witch ikk leftinent karnal vajon, uh agle saal uttri maidani ilakiaan dey kaavan virudh muhim witch vee ladange. uh agle baaran saalan dauran kaee command postan 'teey rahey, jiss witch ghodswar saina atey light artery school (1895-1898) dey commander vajon ikk karajkal shamal see, atey 1891 witch unhan noon karnal vajon tarakki ditti gaee see. spanish-amriki yuddh dauran, arnold neey volunteeran dey brigedier general vajon ikk feeled commission noon savikar keeta atey dooje yuu dee agvai keeti.aiss. kiooba witch 16 janwari, 1898 toon 1 aprail, 1899 takk 7veen aarmi coor dee division. yuddh toon baad, uh 1 yuu dee command witch karnal dey aapne sathayi ahude utte waps aaa giaa.aiss. maee 1899 witch ghodswar. general arnold sanyukat raaj dey vafadar saina dey fauji adesh dey california commandary daa saathi see. maut atey virasat. uh 25 march, 1901 noon sevamukt hoye atey kaee mahiniaan baad 23 navambar, 1901 noon colled spurring-aana-hudson, newyork witch uhanan dee maut hoow gaee. uhanan dee kabar cent phillips church garrison, newyork dey kabarstan witch labbhi jaa sakadi haii. fort reelee, kansas vikhe arnold haal, jitthe usne ghodswar saina atey topkhane dey school atey fauj dee chauki dey commandant vajon seva nibhai, daa naam uss dey sanman witch rakkhiaa giaa see.

abrahama arnold abraaham kerns arnold (maarch 24,1837-november 23,1901) ekaha yoo.ess. amerikaadeshasy gruhayuddhasya samaye ashvasenaadhikaari, tathaa cha 5 tame yu-madhye capton aasit.ess. ashwasainyam, "shatroho unnatasya balasya viruddham veerataapoornasy aakramanasy" netrutvam kartum sammaan-padakam avaapnot, 1864 mey 10 dinaanke virginia-nagarasya devenport-brij-ityatra sanghasya balasya viruddham, yatra tasya adeshah krutah aasit, tatra khataranakasthanat swasya aajnaam praaptavatee. saha spen-american-yuddhasya, philipin-american-yuddhasya, prathamavishvayuddhasya cha samaye sevaaratasya ashvasenaa-adhikaarinah carnell persey veer arnold ityasya pitaa asti. praarambhikajeevanam tathaa shiksha. pensylvania-rajyasya bedford-nagare janma praapnot arnold, westpoint-madhye pravishat, 1859 tame varshe dwiteeya-ashvasainya-regiment-madhye brewett-dwiteeya-leftinent-rupena snaatakapadaveem praptavan. vruttihi. inga-kotayam sthitvaa komaanche-viruddha-abhiyaaneshu bhaagam sveekrutya, arnold-varyaha amerikaadeshasy gruhayuddhasya samaye vishishta-sevaa-abhilekham dhaarayat. 1861 april-maase prathama-leftinent-rupena padonnatah saha 5 tame ashvasainya-regiment ityasya sahaayakah aasit. gains-mill-tuds-tewarn-madhye "veerataapoorn-gunapoorn-sewaayaah krute" saha uddhrutah, dwayoh karyayoho anantaram kramashah capton-measure-rupena cha niyuktah. devenport-seturajyasya yuddhakaale swasya sainyadalasya netrutvam krutvaa, uccha-sangha-balanam viruddham ashvasainyasya aakramane, swasya aadnyaayaah adhinasya purushaanaam rakshanarthm, teshaam grahanam cha nivaarayitum, tasya karyasya krute saha sammaan-padakam avaapnot. 1869 joon-maase saha 6 tame yoo-pakshasya poorna-pramukha-rupena padonnatah abhavat.ess. ashwaarohee. 1879 tamavarshasya aarambhe, saha dakshinapoorva-arizona-pradeshe apaache-ityeteshaam viruddham karyani nirdeshayan aasit, tasmin varshe ante guzman-sarovaram prati vidrohinaam apaache-ityeteshaam anveshanaartham meksiko-desham prati abhiyanam akarot. general orlando bee ityasya kaaryavaahak-sahaayak-senaapatih iti. wilcox, arnold, 1881 august 30 dinaanke sibecue creak-yuddhe api bhaagam graheet. 1886 tame varshe leftinent carnell-rupena, agrime varshe uttar-samatal-pradesha-kauvaanaam viruddham api yuddhe bhaagam graheet. agrime dvaadashavarsheshu saha anekaani kamaand-padaani dhaarayishyati, yatra ashvasainyasya tathaa laghu-artillery-vidyaalayasya (1895-1898) commander iti padam api antarbhavati, 1891 tame varshe carnell-rupena padonnatim avaapnot. spanish-american-yuddhakaale, arnold svayamsevakaanaam brigadier-general iti kshetra-aayogam sveekrutavaan, dwiteeyasya yu-ityasya netrutvam akarot.ess. kyuba-deshe 1898 janavaree 16 taha 1899 april 1 paryantam 7 tamasya senaa-dalasya vibhaajanam. yuddhanantaram saha prathamasya yu-senaa-ityasya adhipatyaa carnell-padaveem punah praptavan.ess. mey 1899 tame varshe ashwasainyam. general arnold samyuktarajyamerikadesha nishtaavaan sainyadalasya sainya-aadeshasy california-commandary ityasya sahcharah aasit. mrutyuhu tathaa uttaradhikaraha. saha 1901 maarch 25 dinaanke nivruttah, katipayamaasebhyah anantaram, 1901 november 23 dinaanke, nyuyaark-nagarasya colled spring-aan-hudson ityatra mrutah. tasya samaadhih nyuyaark-nagarasya sent phillips charch-gyaarisan ityasya shmashaane drushyate. cansas-rajyasya fort-rile-nagarasya arnold-haal-ityasya naam tasya sammanartham krutam, yatra saha ashvasainyasya, artillery-vidyaalayasya, senaa-chaukeeh cha commandant-rupena karyam krutavaan.

aapirakaam arnault aapirakaam kerns arnault (maarch 24,1837-navambar 23,1901) oru yuu.ess. america ullnaattup poarin poathu kudhiraippadai adhigaari mattrum 5 vadhu yuu. ill kaeptanaaga irunththapoathu.ess. kudhiraippadai, "ethiriyin uyarnththa padaikku ethiraaga oru veeramaana kuttrachchaattai vazhinadaththiyatharkaaga kaurava pathakkam pettrathu, mae 10,1864 andru varjeeniyaavil ulla davenboard baalaththil koottamaippup padaikalukku ethiraaga" adhu uttaravidappatta oru aabaththaana nilaiyil irunthu thanathu kattalaiyai pettrathu. avar spanish-amerikkap poar, philippain-amerikkap poar mattrum muthal ulagap poarin poathu paniyaattriya kudhiraippadai athikaariyaana curnell percy veer arnaultin thanthai aavaar. aarambagaala vaazhkkai mattrum kalvi. benzylvaniavin pedfordil pirantha arnault, maerku pulliyil nuzhainthu 1859 aam aandu 2 vadhu kudhiraippadai padaippirivil irandaavathu leptinentaaka pattam pettraar. thozhil. koattai ingkil niruththappattirunthapoathu koomaanjaevukku ethiraana pirachchaarangkalil pankettra arnault, america ullnaattup poarin poathu oru pugazhpettra saevai saathanaiyai vaiththirunthaar. 1861 aepralil muthal leptinentaaka padhavi uyarvu pettra avar, 5 vadhu kuthiraippadaip padaippirivil thunai athikaariyaaga paniyaattrinaar. avar keynes aalai mattrum kuzhandhaigal unavagaththil "thunichalaana mattrum sirantha sevaikalukkaaga" maerkoal kaattappattaar, irandu eedupaattirkup piragum muraiyae capton mattrum mejar aaga niyamikkappattaar. davenboard paalam poarin poathu thanathu padaippirivai thanathu kattalaiyin keezh ulla aangalai meetpatharkum avarkal pidipaduvathaith thaduppatharkum uyar koottamaippup padaikalukku ethiraaga kudhiraippadai thaakkuthalil vazhinadaththiyatharkaaga avarukku kavuravap pathakkam vazhangkappattathu. juun 1869 ill, avar 6 vadhu yuu inn muzhu mejarukku padhavi uyarvu pettraar.ess. kudhirai. 1879 aam aandin murpaguthiyil, avar thenkizhakku arisoanaavil ulla appaachigalukku ethiraana nadavadikkaigalai iyakkinaar, antha aandin pirpaguthiyil meksikoavirkul oru payanaththudan kusman aerikku kilarchi seitha appaachchigalaip pinthodarnthaar. general oorlaandoa pii-kku seyal udhavi thunai jenaralaaka. wilcox, arnault august 30,1881 andru cbecue sittroadai poaril pankerpaar. 1886 ill leptinent karnalaaga, aduththa aandu vadakku samaveliyin kaagangalukku ethiraana payanaththilum avar poaraaduvaar. aduththa pannirandu aandugalil kudhiraippadai mattrum ilaguvaana beerangi palliyin (1895-1898) thalapathiyaaga oru padhavikkaalam udpada pala kattalai padhavigalai avar vagiththaar, maelum 1891 ill karnalaaga padhavi uyarvu pettraar. spanish-amerikkap poarin poathu, arnault oru kazha aanaiyatthai thannaarvalargalin brigadier jenaralaaka aetrtrukkondu 2 vadhu yuu. aii. aii vazhinadaththinaar.ess. cubavil janavari 16,1898 muthal aepral 1,1899 varai 7 vadhu iraanuvap pirivin pirivu. poarukkup piragu, avar 1 vadhu yuu inn kattalaiyil thanathu niranthara curnell pathavikku thirumbinaar.ess. mae 1899 ill kudhiraippadai. general arnault americavin visuvaasamaana padaiyin iraanuva ozhungkin california kamaandariyudan oru koottaaliyaaga irunthaar. maranam mattrum marabu. avar maarch 25,1901 andru oaivu pettraar, pala maathangkalukkup piragu newyorkin kulir vasanthaththil-hutsonil navambar 23,1901 andru iranthaar. avarathu kallarai newyoarkil ulla saint pilip devalaya kaavarpadaiyin kallaraiyil kaanappadugiradhu. consassin fort rillie endra idaththil ulla arnold haal, angku avar kudhiraippadai mattrum beerangi palli mattrum iraanuvap pathaviyin thalapathiyaaga paniyaattrinaar, avarathu ninaivaaga peyaridappattathu.

abraham arnald abraham kerns arnold (marchi 24,1837-november 23,1901) oka yuu.ess. american antaryuddham samayamlo aswikadalam adhikari mariyu 5va yuu loe keptenga unnappudu.ess. satruvu yokka unnata saktiki vyatiraekamgaa saahasopetamaina daadiki" naayakatvam vahinchinanduku gourava patakaanni andukunna aswikadalam, mae 10,1864naa varjeeniyaaloni devenport vantena vadda samakhya dalaalaku vyatiraekamgaa aadesinchabadina pramaadakaramaina sthaanam nundi thana aadesaanni pondindi. athanu spanish-american yuddham, philippean-american yuddham mariyu modati prapancha yuddhamlo panichestunna aswikadalam adhikari kalnal persey veer arnold tandri. prarambha jeevitam mariyu vidya. pensylvanialoni bedfordlo janminchina arnald west paayintloki pravesinchi 1859 taragatilo 2va aswikadalam regimentlo rendava leftinentga pattabhadrudayyaadu. vrutti. fort ingelo unna samayamlo komancheku vyatiraekamgaa jarigina pracharalalo palgonna arnald, american antaryuddha samayamlo vishishta seva rikaardunu kaligi unnadu. 1861 eprillo modati leftinentga padoonnati pondhi, 5va aswikadalam regimentku adjatantgaa panicheesaaru. athanu gains millu mariyu pasipillala towernloo "saahasopetamaina mariyu adbhutamaina sevalaku" udaharinchabaddaadu, rendu nischitaarthaala tarvaata varusaga kepten mariyu majer gaa niyaminchabaddaadu. thana aadhvaryamlo unnavaarini rakshinchadaaniki mariyu vaarini pattukovadaanni nirodhinchadaaniki unnata samakhya dalaalaku vyatiraekamgaa aswikadala chaarjlo thana regimentku naayakatvam vahinchina devenport vantena yuddhamlo ayana chesina charyalaku gaanu aayanaku medal off hohner labhinchindi. juun 1869loe, athanu 6va yuu yokka puurti majer gaa padoonnati pondaadu.ess. aswikadalam. 1879 praarambhamlo, athanu aagneya arizonalo apaacheelaku vyatiraekamgaa karyakalapalanu nirdesinchaadu, aaa samvatsaram chivarlo guzman sarassuku tirugubaatu chesina apaacheelanu vembadinchadaaniki meksikoloki dandayaatra chesaadu. general orlaando bii kii acting assistant adjutant general gaa. wilcox, arnald kooda aagashtu 30,1881naa jarigina sibeque creak yuddhamlo palgontadu. 1886loe leftinent kalnalga, marusati samvatsaram uttara maidaanaallooni kaakulaku vyatiraekamgaa dandayaatralo kooda palgontadu. athanu taruvaati pannendu samvatsaraalalo aswikadalam mariyu telikapati phirangi paatasaala (1895-1898) commanderga padaveekaalamtho sahaa aneka command postulanu kaligi unnadu mariyu 1891loe kalnalga padoonnati pondaadu. spanish-american yuddha samayamlo, arnald oka feeled kamishannu brigadier general off volunteerlugaa angeekarinchi, 2 va yuu kuu naayakatvam vahinchaadu.ess. cubalo janavari 16,1898 nundi april 1,1899 varaku 7va armi corps yokka vibhajana. yuddham taruvaata, athanu 1va yuu kamaandlo kalnal yokka shaashwata hodaaku tirigi vacchaadu.ess. 1899 mae loe aswikadalam. general arnald united states yokka viswasaneeya dalam yokka sainika kramam yokka california kamaandareeki sahacharudu. maranam mariyu vaarasatvam. athanu marchi 25,1901naa padavee viramana chesi, chaalaa nelala taruvaata november 23,1901naa colled spring-aann-hudson, newyorklo maraninchaadu. athani samadhini newyorkloni seyint phillips charchi garrison smasaanavaatikalo chudavachu. consasloni fort rileelooni arnold haalku ayana gouravaardham aswikadalam mariyu phirangi paatasaala mariyu sainika sthaavaraaniki commandantga panicheesaaru.

ibrahim arnold ibrahim karanz arnold (24 maarch 1837-23 nomber 1901) eek yuu thaa.aiss. americi khaanah jangi kay doraan ghadswar afsar aur jabb kahh 5 wein yuu mein kaptaan thaa.aiss. ghad sawaron cow "dashman kii eek aalee foj kay khalaaf bahadari say hamlah karnay kii qayadat karnay kay liyay 10 mayee 1864 kuu warjiniya kay devenport barj mein confeedrate afwaj kay khalaaf" eek khatarnaak position say apnee kamaan haasil kii jiss mein asay hakam diyaa gayaa thaa. wah karnal parsi veer arnold kay waalid haine juu hispanvi-americi jung filpine-americi jung aur pehli jung azeem kay doraan khidmaat anjaam deenay waalay eek ghadswar afsar thay. ibtadayi zindagi aur taleem. bedford pensalvania mein paida huay arnold vest point mein daakhil hoay aur 1859 kii klaas kay saath dosri ghadswar regment mein brewait second leftinent kay toor parr graduation kiyaa. carrier. fort anjay mein tayinaat rehtay hoay komanche kay khalaaf mahmaat mein hasah leetay huay arnold nay americi khaanah jangi kay doraan eek mamtaz saros record qayem kiyaa. apreel 1861 mein frust leftinent kay ahday parr tarqi paaney kay baad inhon nay 5 wein ghadswar foj kay adjustant kay toor parr khidmaat anjaam dain. inhein gainz mill aur todz tower mein "bahadari aur shandar khidmaat" kay liye hawalah diyaa gayaa donon masrufiyat kay baad baltarteeb kaptaan aur meejar kay toor parr tashkil diyaa gayaa. asay ddion port barj kii jung kay doraan iss kay aamaal kay liye medal aaf aanar say nawaza gayaa thaa jiss mein iss kii regment nay aalee confeedrate afwaj kay khalaaf ghadswar foj kay chaarij mein qayadat kii taakah iss kii kamaan mein mardon kuu bachaya jaa sakay aur inn kii giraftari kuu rooka jaa sakay. joone 1869 mein inhein 6 wein yuu kay makmal meejar kay toor parr tarqi dee gayee.aiss. ghadswar. 1879 kay awail takk wah janub mashriqi arezona mein apachi kay khalaaf karwaiyon kii hidayat kirr rehaa thaa iss saal kay aakhir mein mexico mein eek muham kay saath baaghi apachi kay taaqib mein jheel guzmeen takk. general aurlendo bee kay qayem maqaam assistent adjustant general kay toor parr. walkaks arnold 30 agast 1881 kuu sebicue crack kii jung mein bhee hasah lain gay. 1886 mein leftinent karnal kii haisiyat say wah aglay saal shamali medani elaqon kay kowon kay khalaaf muham mein bhee larain gay. aglay baarah saalon kay doraan wah kayee command ahadon parr faiz rahay jinn mein ghadswar aur halkay toop khaaney kay school (1895-1898) kay commander kii haisiyat say eek madat bhee shaamil thee aur 1891 mein inhein karnal kay ahday parr tarqi dee gayee. hispanvi-americi jung kay doraan arnold nay razakaron kay brigadier general kay toor parr eek feld commission kuu qabool kiyaa aur 2nd U kii qayadat kii.aiss. cuba mein 16 januri 1898 say yakam apreel 1899 takk saatwein aarmi coor kii taqsim. jung kay baad wah 1st U kii kamaan mein karnal kay apnay mustaqil ahday parr waps aagaye.aiss. mayee 1899 mein ghadswar foj. general arnold riyasathaye muthadah kay wafadar lashkar kay foji hakam california commandry kaa saathi thaa. moth aur miraas. wah 25 maarch 1901 kuu retire huay aur kayee maah baad couled spring aann hudson neoyork mein 23 nomber 1901 kuu inteqal kirr gayey. inn kii qabar sent flip kay charch garrison neoyork kay qabristan mein payee jaa sakti hay. fort raili kansaas mein arnold haall jehaan inhon nay ghadswar aur toop khaaney kay school aur foji choki kay commandant kay toor parr khidmaat anjaam dain kaa naam inn kay aizaz mein rakhaa gayaa.

00012bf792830b1139856b2c3067cc43545eaaae19b65bf4312510a4b2639ff5

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=7189492

Rhythm and Booze

Rhythm and Booze Rhythm and Booze is a live acoustic album by Authority Zero. It was released by Suburban Noize Records in February 2005, and re-released on June 27, 2006. Except for "Paddy On The Railway" and "Broken Dreams," this album features acoustic versions of songs from Authority Zero's earlier releases, "A Passage In Time" and "Andiamo". The final release of this record features slightly different edits from the original release. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

chondo aaru modd ridom endo modd hoise kortripokhyor xunyor dwara etaa live acoustic elbam. 2005 sonor februaryt uponogoriyo xobdo recordor dwara iyak mukoli koraa hoisil, aaru 2006 sonor 27 junot punor mukoli koraa hoisil. "dhaan ono dyo rey" lowe "aaru" brocked dreams "ror baahire, ei elbamtut kortripokhyo jirur purbor muktir gitxomuhor dhwonigoto xongskoron," xomoyor ek poriworton "aaru" andiamu "aase. ei recordor suranto prokaxot mool prokaxor poraa olop beleg xompadona aase.

chhondo ebong modd ridam anned modd holl kortripokkho shunno dwara ekti live acoustic album. etty 2005 saaler februaryte shahartalir shobdo record dwara mukti paay ebong 27shhey june, 2006-ayee punra mukti paay. "dhaan ono dya railway" ebong "bhanga swapno" chhada, eyi albume kortripokkho jiror ager releasegulir gaaner acoustic sanskaran royeche, "somoyer ekti uttoron" ebong "andiamo". eyi recorder chudanta prakash mool prokasher theke kichuta vinno sampadana baisistyajukta.

lya aneey daaru lya aneey daaru aee sattaa shunya dwara jivant acoustic album chhe. teey februari februari upnagareey avaaj records dwara rajoo karvaamaa aavyu hatoo aneey 27 juuna, juuna roj fareethi rajoo karvaamaa aavyu hatoo. "dangar parr railway" aneey "tutelaa sapnaao" sivaay, aaa aalbamma authority zirona agaauna prakashnona geetoni dhvani aavruttio, "samayno aek maarg" aneey "andiamo" darshavvama aavee chhe. aaa rekordnaa anteem prakashanma mool prakashanthi thodaa alag sampadno darshavvama aavyaa chhe.

taal aur sharaab ridam aind boose ack live dhwanik album haye joe authority zeero dwara banaaya gayaa haye. ise farwari 2005 mein upnagariya dhwani record dwara jaari kiya gayaa thaa, aur 27 juuna, 2006 koo phir seey jaari kiya gayaa thaa. "railway parr dhaan" aur "toote hue sapane" koo chhodkar, iss album mein pradhikaran shoonya key pahale key release key geeton key dhwanik sanskaran, "samay mein ack maarg" aur "andiamo" shamil hain. iss record key antim vimochan mein mool vimochan seey thodaa alag sampadan hain.

laya mattu madya rhythm und booj embudu authority jhiroda live accoustic album aagide. idu phebravari 2005 ralli upanagarada shabda dhwanimudranagalinda bidugadeyaayitu mattu zoon 27,2006 randu maru-bidugadeyaayitu. "railina mele bhatta" mattu "murida kanasugalu" horatupadisi, ee album praadhikaarada shoonyada hindina bidugadegala haadugala accoustic aavruttigalannu olagondide, "samayada haadi" mattu "andiamo". ee daakhaleya antima bidugadeyu moola bidugadeyinda swalpa vibhinnavaada sampaadanegalannu hondide.

thaalavum madyavum rhythm aandu boose ennathu authority seeroyude oru live acoostic aalbamaan. 2005 februvariyil suburban shabda recordukal puratthirakkiya eee aalbam 2006 juun 27nuu veendum puratthirangi. "reyilveyil nellu", "takarnna swapnangal" enniva ozhike, eee aalbathil authority seeroyude muun releasukalil ninnulla gaanangalude shabda pathippukal, "eiii paas inn time", "andiamo" enniva ulppedunnu. eee recordinte avasana pathippil yadhaartha pathippil ninnu alpam vyathyasthamaaya edittukal undu.

taal aanee madya ridam andd boose haah shoonya adhikaradvare tayar kelela eka thet dhwanik sangrah aahe. februwari 2005 madhye upnagariy dhwani dhvanimudrikanni too prakashit keela aanee 27 juuna 2006 roji punha pradarshit jhaala. 'railwaveryl bhaat' aanee 'tutaleli swapne' vagalata, yaa sangrahat pradhikaran shoonyachya purvichya prakashanatil ganyanchya dhwani aavrutya, 'aii paces inn time' aanee 'andiamo' aahet. yaa nondichya antim prakashanat mool prakashanapeksha thodi vegali sampadane aahet.

taal rar madira rhythm anned bouse authority shunyadwara banaieko euta laibh acoustic album how. yo february 2005 maa upanagariya shore recordharudwara jaari garieko thiyo, rar june 27,2006 maa punah jaari garieko thiyo. "railwayma dhaan" rar "bhaanchieko sapanaharu" bahek, yass albumma pradhikaran shunyako pahileko rilijharu, "ae passage inn time" rar "andiamo" kaa githaruko dhwanik sanskaranharu chhan. yass recordko antim releasele muel releasbata alik farak sampadanharu prastut gardacha.

chhanda ebong madyapana ridam anded mudd heuchhi kartupakhyanka dwara eka live acoustic album. ehaa februari 2005 ray upnagariah sabda record dwara muktilabha karithila, ebong june 27,2006 ray punarbara muktilabha karithila. "relapathare dhaana" ebong "bhangithiba swapna" byatita, ehi alabamare kartrupakhya shunyara purba muktilabharu geetara dhwani sanskarana, "samai ray eka paasa" ebong "andiamo" achhi . ehi recorder chudanta prakashanare moola prakashan thaaru tike bhinna sampadana rahichhi.

taal atey sharab ridam aind beez ikk live dhuni album haii joe kii adhikar ziro duaara haii. ih farvari 2005 witch upnagari shore recordan duaara jaari keeta giaa see, atey 27 juun, 2006 noon dubara jaari keeta giaa see. "railway utte jhona" atey "tutte supniaan" noon chhadd keey, iss album witch atharty ziro deeaan pahilan deeaan releases dey geetan dey dhuni sanskaran, "samein witch ikk paas" atey "andiamo" shamal hunn. iss ricard dey antim rileez witch mool rileez toon thode vakkhre sampadan hunn.

taalah tathaa madyam ridam and booj iti authority jeero ityasya laiv-acoustic-aalbam asti. 2005 februvari-maase upanagariya-dhvanikaa-abhilekhena etat pradarshitam, 2006 joon 27 dinaanke punah pradarshitam. "rail-aan-da-rail" tathaa "broked-dreams" ityetaani vihaay, asmin aalbam authority-jeero ityasya poorva-prakashananam gitanam dhwanikee-samskaranaani, "e-paces inn-taim" tathaa "endiamo" ityetaani cha darshayati. asya abhilekhasya antima-prakaashanam mool-prakashanat kinchitkalam bhinnani sampaadanaani darshayati.

thaalamum madhubaanamum ritham andd boose enbathu athikaaram poojjiyaththin neradi olii aalbamaagum. idhu pipravari 2005 ill puranagar saththam pathivukalaal veliyidappattathu, juun 27,2006 andru meendum veliyidappattathu. "rayil paathaiyil nell" mattrum "udainththa kanavugal" thavira, inththa aalbam athikaaram poojjiyaththin munththaiya veliyeedugalin paadalkalin olii pathippukalaik kondullathu, "neraththil oru puddy" mattrum "andiamo". inththa pathivin iruthi veliyeedu asal veliyeettilirunthu sattru viththiyasamaana thiruththankalaik kondullathu.

laya mariyu madyam rhythm und boose anedi adhikaram sunna dwara pratyaksha dhwani album. idhi fibravari 2005loe suburban nais recordula dwara vidudalai, juun 27,2006naa tirigi vidudala cheyabadindi. "rail line paie vari" mariyu "virigina kalalu" minaha, eee albumlo authority jeero yokka munupati vidudalalu, "eah passage inn time" mariyu "andiamo" nundi paatala dhwani samskaranalu unnaayi. eee rikaardu yokka tudi vidudala asalu vidudala nundi konchem bhinnamaina savaranalanu kaligi undhi.

taal aur sharaab taal aur sharaab atharti zeero kaa eek laiyo suutee album hay. asay faroori 2005 mein mazafati shoar kay recordon kay zariye jaari kiyaa gayaa thaa aur 27 joone 2006 kuu dobarah jaari kiyaa gayaa thaa. sawaye "ddaain aann dee railway" aur "tutay hoay khwabon" kay iss album mein atharti zeero kii sabqah release kay gaanon kay suutee version "aey perees inn tyme" aur "andiamo" shaamil haine. iss record kii hatmi release mein asl release say qadray mukhtalif taramim haine.

00012c1db53f6019de6db0040f5390854d56d0d0ae9b8186f2856bf3a893958f

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3737988

Águas Lindas de Goiás

Águas Lindas de Goiás Águas Lindas de Goiás is a municipality located in central Goiás, Brazil. It is the fifth largest city in the state and one of the fastest-growing cities in Brazil. Geography. Location. Águas Lindas is 193 km. from the state capital of Goiânia. Highway connections with Goiânia are made by BR-153 / Anápolis / BR-414 / Cocalzinho de Goiás / BR-070. For the complete list see It has borders with Santo Antônio do Descoberto, Cocalzinho de Goiás, and Brasília. It is located west of Brasília and borders on the boundary of the Federal District. It is part of the Entorno do Distrito Federal micro-region, which has over 960,000 inhabitants. Economy. The city has no major industries but has a variety of small commercial enterprises ranging from small offices, bars, grocery stores and larger supermarkets. Small industries manufacture furniture, sewage pipes, bicycles, sweets and toys. The informal economy is very strong and many people have stalls in fairs either in the city or in neighboring cities. Due to the small territory and the urban characteristics there were no agricultural products registered with the IBGE. The existence of Águas Lindas is recent, being dismembered in 1997 from the municipality of Santo Antônio do Descoberto. In 1996 the population of what was just a district was already 61,478. By 2000 it had increased to 105,000. Its only reason for existence is Brasília and the need for lower class and lower middle class residents of that city or migrants from rural areas to find affordable housing. The infrastructures are precarious as evidenced by the existence of only one hospital for a city of over 100,000 people, only four bank branches, and only one post office. The per capita income is low and most of the inhabitants take buses every day to work in Brasília. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

obosye, eixomuhor bixoye egyuwas lindus di go "yaas hoise brajilor kendriyo go" yosot owosthito ekhon pouroxobha. ee rajyokhonor ponchom brihottom sohor aaru brajilor drutogotit bikaxxil sohorxomuhor bhitorot ekhon. bhugul. owosthan. egyuwas linda 193 kilometer. rajyor rajdhani guanier poraa. guanier xoite ghaipoth xongzug bi. aar.-153/anapolix/bi. aar.-414/koo 'keljinhu di guyas/bi. aar.-070-ror dwara koraa hoy. xompurno talikar baabe sauk iyar xeema aase chentu antoniu du descobertu, koo 'keljinhu di guyas aaru brasilier xoite. ee brasilier poschime owosthito aaru federal jilaar ximat owosthito. ee enturonu du distritu federal maikro "-rijiyonor ongxo, zo 'too 'too odhik baxinda aase. orthoniti. sohorkhonot kunu dangor udyug naai jodiu iyat xoru karzaloy, baar, gelamalor dukan aaru dangor supermarketor poraa aarombho kori bibhinno dhoronor xoru banijyik udyug aase. khyudro udyugxomuhe aasbabo, nolaa niskaxon pipe, saikel, mithai aaru putola nirman kore. onanusthanik orthoniti oti xoktixali aaru sohor baa suburiya sohorxomuhot melat bohu lukor stoll thaake. xoru bhukhondo aaru nogoriya boixistyor baabe aaibijer xoite kunu krixijat xamogri ponjiyon koraa nasil. 1997 sonot chentu antoniu dodd "descobertu pouroxobhar poraa bischinno koraa egyuwas lindusor ostitwo xehotiya. 1996 sonot kewol ekhon jilaar jonoxongkhya itimodhye 61,478 aasil. 2000 sonor bhitorot ee 105,000 loi briddhi paisil. iyar ostitwor ekmatro kaaron hoise brachilia aaru xei sohoror nimno shreni aaru nimno modhyobitto shrenir baxindaxokol baa gramyo oncholor poraa ohaa probrojonkarixokole xulobh mulyor baxosthan bisari puwar proyujon. 100, 100 odhik lukor sohor ekhonor baabe maatro etaa sikitsaloy, kewol sarita benk xakha aaru maatro etaa dakghoror ostitwor poraa proman puwa yaay je antohgathonibur onischito. jonomuri aay komm aaru besibhag baxindai brasiliat kaam koriboloi protidine baach loy.

eyi linda dii gois aguas lindus deey gois braziler kendriya goise abosthito ekti pourosobha. etty rajyer pancham brihottomo shohor ebong braziler drutotomo kromobordhoman shahargulir modhye ekti. bhugol. abosthan. aguas lindus 193 kilometres deergho. goania rajyer rajdhani theke. goanier saathe mahasadak sangjogguli br-153/anapolis/br-414/cocalginho dii goas/br-070 dwara toiri koraa hoy. sampurna talikar jonno dekhun err seemana royeche santo antonio doow descoberto, cocalginho dii goas ebong brasilier saathe. etty brasilier poschime abosthito ebong yuktarashtriya jelara seemante abosthito. etty enterno doo distrito federal micro-anchaler ongsho, jaar 9,60,000 ero beshi basinda royeche. arthaniti. shohore konao borh shilp nei tobey chhoto offices, barr, mudi dokan ebong borh supermarket theke shuru korey bivinno dharaner chhoto banijyik uddog royeche. chhoto shilpoguli asbabpatra, payahnishkashan pipe, saikela, mishti ebong khelna toiri korey. ananusthanik arthaniti khub shaktishali ebong shohore baa protibeshi shahargulite melay onekeri stall thaake. chhoto anchal ebong shahure boisister karone ibgr saathe konao krishi ponno nibondhito chhilo naa. 1997 saale santo antonio doow descoberto pourosobha theke bichchinno hoye aguas linduser astitto samprotik. 1996 saale shudhumatra ekti jelara jonosongkha chhilo 61,478 john. 2000 saaler modhye etty bede 1,05,000 john hoy. err astitter ekmatro kaaron holl brasilia ebong seii shohorer nimnobitto oo nimno modhyobitto basindader baa gramanchal theke abhibasider sashrayi mulyer abason khunje pawar prayojan. porikatthamo anishchito, jaa proman korey jey, 1,00,000-ero beshi manusher ekti shohorer jonno shudhumatra ekti hospital, matro charti bank shakha ebong shudhumatra ekti dakghar astitto royeche. mathapichu aay qama ebong beshirbhag basinda protidin baase korey brasilia kaaj korey.

aaa loko maate jeevanni disha agvas lindas dha gois aee braazilnaa madhya goisamaa aaveli nagarpalika chhe. teey rajyanu paanchmu sauthee motoo shaher chhe aneey braazilnaa sauthee zadapthi vikasta shaheromaanu aek chhe. bhugol. sthaan. aguas linda 193 kimee chhe. goenia raajyani rajdhanithi. goenia saathena dhorimaargonaa jodaano bii. aar.-153/anapolis/bii. aar.-414/cocalzinho dii gois/bii. aar.-070 dwara banavvama aave chhe. sampoorn yaadee maate juo tenee sarahado sento antonio doow descoberto, cocalzinho dii gois aneey brasilia saathe jodaayelee chhe. teey brasiliani pashchimma stheet chhe aneey sangheey jeellani sarhad parr stheet chhe. teey 960,000 thee vadhu rahevasio dharaavtaa sangheey sookshm-pradeshno aek bhaag chhe. arthtantra. shaherma koee motaa udhyogo nathee parantu temaa naanee kachereeo, baar, kareeyanani dukaano aneey motaa supermarketthi laeene viveedh naana vyaapaari saahso chhe. naana udhyogo furniture, gutterni pipe, cycle, mithaaio aneey ramkadaanu utpaadan karey chhe. anaupacharik arthtantra khoob jaj majboot chhe aneey ghanaa loko shaherma athavaa padoshi shaheroma melaamaa stoll mooke chhe. naana pradesh aneey shaheri lakshaniktaone kaarane tyaan koee krushee utpaadno ibg saathe nondhaayela naa hataa. agvas lindasnu astitva taajetarma chhe, jeey jeey sento antonio doow descobertoni nagarpalikathi vikherai gayoo hatoo. hatoo jeey maatra aek jeello hato tenee vastee pahelethee jaj 61,478 hatee. 2000 sudhimaa teey vadheene 105,000 thaee gaee hatee. tenaa astitvanu ekmatra kaaran brasilia chhe aneey teey shahernaa neechala varg aneey neechala madhyam vargnaa rahevasio athavaa graameen vistaromathi sthalaantar karnaaraaone posaay tevaa aavasni jaroor chhe. 100, 100 vadhu lokonee vastee dharaavtaa shaher maate maatra aek jaj hospital, maatra chaar benk shaakhao aneey maatra aek poosta offices astitvamaa hovaana puraava tareeke maalkhaagat suveedhao aneeshchit chhe. mathadith aavak ochhi chhe aneey motabhagna rahevasio brasiliama kaama karvaa maate darroj basomaa musafari karey chhe.

jeevan kaa itihas águas lindas de Goiás brazil key madhya mein sthit ack nagar palika haye. yeh raajya kaa paanchvaan sabse badaa shahar haye aur brazil key sabse teji seey badhate shaharon mein seey ack haye. bhugol. sthaan. egwas linda 193 kii. mee. haye. goenia kii raajya rajdhani seey. goenia key saath rajmarg connection bee. aar.-153/anapolis/bee. aar.-414/cocalginho dee gois/bee. aar.-070 dwara banaae jaate hain. poori soochi key liye dekhein isaki seemaaen santo antonio doo descoberto, cocalzinho dee gois aur brasilia key saath hain. yeh brasilia key paschim mein sthit haye aur sanghiya jile kii seema parr sthit haye. yeh sanghiya sookshm-kshetra kaa hissa haye, jisamen 960,000 seey adhik nivasi hain. arthavyavastha. shahar mein koee pramukh udyog naheen hain, lekin chhote karyalayon, baar, kiraane kii dukaanon aur badey supermarket seey laker vibhinn prakaar key chhote vaanijyik udyam hain. chhote udyog furniture, seavage pipe, saikil, mithaai aur khilaunon kaa nirmaan karate hain. anaupchaarik arthavyavastha bahut majboot haye aur kaee logon key shahar yaa padosi shaharon mein melon mein stall hain. chhote kshetra aur shahari visheshtaon key kaaran ibge key saath koee krishi utpaad panjikrit naheen they. 1997 mein santo antonio doo descoberto kii nagarpalika seey alag kiye jaane key baad aguas lindas kaa astitva haal hii mein haye. 1996 mein sirf ack jile kii aabaadi pahale seey hii 61,478 thee. 2000 taka yeh badhkar 105,000 hoe gaee thee. isake astitva kaa ekmatra kaaran brasilia haye aur usa shahar key nimn varg aur nimn madhyam varg key nivaasiyon yaa graameen kshetron seey pravasiyon koo kifayati awas khojane kii aavashyakta haye. buniyaadi dhaanche anishchit hain jaisa kii 100,000 seey adhik logon key shahar key liye kewal ack aspatal, kewal chaar baink shaakhaon aur kewal ack dakghar key astitva seey pataa chalata haye. prati vyakti aaya cumm haye aur adhikansh nivasi brasilia mein kaam karane key liye harr dinn basein lete hain.

ee margasuchi águas lindas de Goiás embudu brazilna madhya goyasnalliruva ondu purasabheyagide. idu rajyada aidane atidodda nagaravagide mattu brazilnalli vegavagi beleyuttiruva nagargalalli ondaagide. bhougolika. sthala. aguwas lindas 193 kii. mea. galashtide. goenia rajyada raajadhaaniyinda. goyaniyaadondigina heddaari samparkagalannu br-153/anapolis/br-414/coculginho dii goyas/br-070 moolaka maadalaaguttade. sampoorna pattigaagi nodi idu santo antonio doow descoberto, coculginho dii goyas mattu brasiliyagalondige gadigalannu hondide. idu bresiliyaada pashchimadallide mattu federal jilleya gadiyallide. idu 960,000kkoo hecchu nivasigalannu hondiruva federal micro-pradeshada bhagavagide. aarthikate. nagaravu yaavude pramukha kaigaarikegalannu hondillavaadaroo sanna kacherigalu, baargalu, kirani angadigalu mattu dodda suparmarketgalinda hididu vividha sanna vanijya udyamagalannu hondide. sanna kaigaarikegalu pithopakaranagalu, olacharandi kolavegalu, saikalgalu, sihitindigalu mattu aatikegalannu tayaarisuttave. anoupachaarika aarthikateyu bahala prabalavagide mattu aneka janaru nagaradalli athawa nereya nagargalalli melagalalli maligegalannu hondiddaare. sanna pradesha mattu nagara lakshanagalindaagi, ibjeyalli yaavude krishi utpannagalu nondayisalpadalilla. 1997ralli santo antonio doow descoberto purasabheyinda berpadisalpattiruva aguwas lindas astitvavu ittichinadu. 1996ralli kevala ondu jilleyagidda jilleya janasankhyeyu eegaagale 61,478 aagittu. 2000dha velege adhu 105,000kke airittu. adara astitvakke ekaika kaaranavendare brasilia mattu aaa nagarada kela vargada mattu kela madhyama vargada nivasigalu athawa grameena pradeshagalinda valase bandavaru kaigetukuva daradalli vasati kandukolluva agatyate. 100, 000kkoo hecchu janasankhye iruva nagarakke kevala ondu aspatre, kevala naalku bank shakhegalu mattu kevala ondu anche kacheri astitvadallive embudakke saakshiyaagi moolasoukaryagalu anishchitavaagive. talaa aadaayavu kadime ide mattu hecchina nivasigalu pratidina basgalalli kelasa maadalu brasiliyaadalli hoguttaare.

aguas linda daad goyas águas lindas de Goiás hii brazilchya madhya gois yethe sthit eka nagarpalika aahe. heey rajyatil pachve sarvat mothe shahar aahe aanee brazilmadhil sarvat vegane vegane shaharanpaiki eka aahe. bhoogol. thikan. aguas linda 193 qii. mea. aahe. goenia rajyachya rajdhanitun. goyniyabarobarche mahamarg jodani bii. aar.-153/anapolis/bii. aar.-414/cocalzinho dii goyas/bii. aar.-070 dware kelee jaate. sampoorn yadisathi pahaa tyachya seema santo antonio doow descoberto, cocalzinho dii gois aanee brasiliashi aahet. heey brasiliyachya paschimela vasalele aahe aanee federal jilhyachya simevar aahe. 9, 60, 000 hoon adhik rahivasi asalelya, too 'entorno doow distrito federal micro-rijan' chaa bhag aahe. arthvyavastha. shaharat konatehi mothe udyog naheet parantu lahan karyalaye, baar, kirana dukane aanee mothya supermarketpasun vividh prakarche lahan vyavsayik udyog aahet. chhote udyog furniture, sandapani pipe, sayakali, mithai aanee khelani tayar karatat. anaupacharik arthvyavastha khoop majboot aahe aanee anek lokanche shaharat kinwa shejarchya shaharanmadhye jatret stalls asatat. lahan pradesh aanee shahari vaishishtyanmule aayabijimadhye konatihi krishi utpadane nondanikrut navhati. 1997 madhye santo antonio doow descobertochya nagarpaliketun angvichedan karoon, aguas lindasche astitva alikadache aahe. 1996 saalee keval eka jilha asaleli loksankhya aadhich 61,478 hotee. 2000 salaparyant tee vadhoon 105,000 jhaali hotee. tyachya astitvache ekmev kaaran mhanje brasilia aanee tyaa shaharatil nimnavargiy aanee nimn madhyamvargiy rahivashanna kinwa grameen bhagatil sthalantaritanna parvadanari ghare shodhanyachi garaj aahe. 100, 000 hoon adhik loksankhya asalelya shaharasathi keval ekach rugnalay, bankechya keval chaar shakha aanee keval eka tapal karyalay heey astitvat asalyache purave mhanoon payabhoot suvidha asurakshit aahet. dardoi utpann qamee aahe aanee bahutansh rahivasi brasiliamadhye kaam karnyasathi darroj bus ghetat.

yo jiwanka lagi euta mahatwapurna awasar how. egwas lindas day gois brazilko madhya goisama awasthit nagarpalika how. yo rajyako panchaun thulo sahar how rar brazilko sabaibhanda chhito badhiraheko saharharu madhye ek how. bhugol. sthan. aguas lindas 193 kilometer chha. goyaniyako rajyako rajdhanibata. goyaniyasanga rajmarg jadanharu br-153/anapolis/br-414/kokaljinho day gois/br-070 dwara banaieka chhan. purna suchika lagi hernuhos yasako santo antonio do descoberto, kokaljinho day gois rar brasiliasanga sima chha. yo brasiliako paschimma awasthit chha rar sanghiya jillako simama awasthit chha. yo antorno do distrito sanghiya micro-kshetrako hissa how, jasma 9,60,000 bhanda badhi basindaharu chhan. arthatantra. saharma kunai pramukh udyogharu chhainan tara sanah karyalayaharu, barharu, kirana pasalharu rar thula supermarketharubata liera vibhinna prakarka sanah wyawasayik udyamharu chhan. sanah udyogharule furniture, dhal pipe, cycle, mithai rar khelaunaharu nirman garchhan. anaupacharik arthatantra dherai baliyo chha rar dherai manisharuko sahar wa chhimeki saharharuma melaharuma stalharu chhan. sano khetra rar sahari wisheshtaharuka karan tyahan ibma darta garieka krishi utpadanharu thienan. egwas lindasko astitwa halaiko how, sann 1997 maa santo antonio do descobertoko nagarpalikabata vichchhed garieko thiyo. sann 1996 maa zilla matrai bhaeko janasankhya pahile nai 61,478 thiyo. sann 2000 sammama yo badhera 105,000 pugeko thiyo. yasako astitwako ek matra karan brasilia how rar tyas saharka nimna warga rar nimna madhyam wargaka basindaharu wa gramin kshetraka aprawasiharulai kifayati awas khojna awashyak chha. purwadharharu anishchit chhan june 100,000 bhanda badhi manisharuko saharka lagi euta matra aspatal, kewal charawata bank shakha rar euta matra hulakgharko astitwabata pramanit hunchha. pratiwyakti aya cum chha rar adhikansh basindaharule brasiliama kaam garna harek dina basharu linchhan.

ehi sthanara zeeban aguas lindas dii goias heuchhi brazilara kendriah goias thaare abasthita eka pourapalika. ehaa rajyara pancham sarbabruhata sahara ebong brazilara druta abhibruddhishila saharagudika madhyaru anyatama. bhugol. sthana. aguas linda 193 kilometer. goinia rajyara rajadhaniru. goinia sahita rajpath sanjoga bii. aarr.-153/anapolis/bii. aarr.-414/cocologinho dii goias/bii. aarr.-070 dwara karajaithae. sampurna talika paain dekhantu ehara seema santo antonio doo descoberto, cocologinho dii goias ebong brasilia sahita rahichhi. ehaa brasiliara paschimare abasthita ebong sangheeah jillara seemaare abasthita. ehaa entorno doo distrito federal micro-anchalara eka ansha, jeunthire 9,60,000 ru adhika basinda achanti . arthabyabastha. saharare kaunasi pramukh shilpa naahin, kintu chhot karjyalaja, baar, grocery store ebong budd supermarket thaaru arambha curry bibhinna prakarara chhot banijyika udyoga rahichhi. khudra silpagudika asababapatra, barjya pipe, cycle, mitha ebong khelana utpadana karithanti. anaupacharika arthaneeti bahuta shaktishali ebong aneka lock saharare kimba padoshi saharare melare stall karanti . chhot anchala ebong saharanchalara baisistya hetu ibj sahita kaunasi krushi utpada panjikruta hoinathila . 1997 masihare santo antonio doo descoberto pourasabharu alga hoi, nikatare aguas lindasra astitwa rahichhi. 1996 masihare, jaahaa kebala eka zillah thila, ehara janasankhya purbaru 61,478 thila. 2000 masiha suddha ehaa 105,000ku brudhi paithila. ehara astitwara ekamatra kaaran heuchhi brasilia ebong sehi saharar nimna berg ebong nimna madhyabitta shrenira basinda kimba gramanchalaru prabaseemane sulabh basagruha khojiba aabasyaka . bhittibhumi anischita, jahara pramana heuchhi je 100,000ru adhika lock basabasa karuthiba eka sahara paain kebala gotie daktarakhana, kebala charoti byanka shakha ebong kebala gotie dakghar rahichhi. mundapicha aaja comm ebong adhikansha basinda brasiliare kaama kariba paain pratidina bus nianti .

angrezi bhasha aguas lindas dee gois braazeel dey kendri gois witch sathit ikk nagarpalika haii. ih raaj daa panjwan sabh toon vadda shehar haii atey braazeel dey sabh toon tezi naal vadh rahey shahiran vicchon ikk haii. bhugol. sathaan. aguas linda 193 kilometer haii. goenia raaj dee rajdhani toon. goenia naal rajmarg samparak bee. aar.-153/anapolis/bee. aar.-414/cocalzino dee gois/bee. aar.-070 duaara banaae gaye hunn. puurii suchi laee vekho iss deeaan haddan cento antonio doow descoberto, cocalzino dee gois atey brasilia naal laggdiaan hunn. ih braazeel dey pachham witch sathit haii atey sanghi zilhe dee sarhadd utte sathit haii. ih sanghi sookham khetar daa hissa haii, jiss dey 960,000 toon vaddh vasneek hunn. arthvivastha. shehar witch koee vadde udyog naheen hunn parr chhote daftaran, baaran, kariaane deeaan dukanan atey vaddiaan supermarkeetan toon lae keey kaee tarahan dey chhote vaparak uddam hunn. chhote udyog furniture, severage pipes, cycle, mathiaaiaan atey khidone banaunde hunn. gair rasmi arthvivastha bahut mazboot haii atey bahut saare lokan dey shehar jaan guandhi shahiran witch meliaan witch stall hunde hunn. chhote khetar atey shahiri visheshtavan dey caarn aaee. bee. jee. naal koee khetibadi utpaad register naheen sunn. aguas lindas dee hond haal hii witch haii, jiss noon 1997 witch cento antonio doow descoberto dee municipality toon vandiaa giaa see. sann 1996 witch siraf ikk zilhe dee aabadi pahilan hii 61,478 see. 2000 takk ih vadh keey 105,000 hoow gaee see. iss dee hond daa ikko ikk caarn brasilia haii atey uss shehar dey hethle varag atey hethle maddh varag dey vasnikan jaan pendu khetran toon parvasiaan noon kifaiti rihaish labbhan dee zaroorat haii. buniaadi dhancha asurakhiat haii jiven kii 100,000 toon vaddh lokan dey shehar laee siraf ikk hospital, siraf chaar baink shakhavan atey siraf ikk dakghar dee hond toon pataa chalda haii. pratee viakati aamdan ghatt haii atey ziaadaatar vasneek braazeel witch kamm curran laee harr rose bassan lainde hunn.

aguas lindas dey goyas egwas lindas dey goyas iti brazil-deshasya madhyagoyas-nagare sthitah nagarapalika asti. idam rajyasya panchamam bruhattamam nagaram, tathaa cha braazeeladeshasy drutagatyaa vardhamaanaasu nagareshu anyatam asti. bhoogolah. sthaanam. aguvaas-lindaa-kshetram 193 kii. mee. parimitam asti. goyania-rajyasya rajadhani asti. goyania-ityanena saha rajamarg-samparkah bee. aar-153/anapolis/bee. aar-414/kokalajinho day goyas/bee. aar-070 ityanena nirmitah asti. purnasuchim drashtum pashyatu. asya seemaah saanto antonio doo descoberto, kokalajinho day goyas, brasilia ityetaih saha santi. ayam brasilia-pradeshasya paschimadishi sthitah asti, tathaa cha sangha-mandalasya simayam sthitah asti. ayam entorno doo distrito-federal-macrow-reejan ityasya bhaagah asti, yatra 9,60,000 taha adhikaah nivaasinah santi. arthavyavasthaa. asmin nagare pramukhah udyogah naa santi, parantu laghuvyaapaar-samsthah, baar-samsthah, kirana-bhandaraha, bruhad-soopar-markett ityetebhyah vividhaah laghuvyaapaar-udyamaah santi. laghoo-udyogah peetopakaranaani, malanirgaman-paipani, dwichakrikaah, mithaayah, kreedakaah cha nirmeeyante. anaupachaarika-arthavyavasthaa ateeva prabalah asti, nagare vaa sameepasthanagareshu vaa melaasu anekeshaam jananam stall-santi. laghukshetrasya, nagaravisheshataayaah cha karanat aibge ityanena saha krushi-utpadanam panjeekaranam naa krutam. 1997 tame varshe saanto antonio doo descoberto-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar - 1996 tame varshe kevalam mandalasya janasankhyaa poorvamev 61,478 aasit. 2000 tame varshe 105,000 yaavat vardhitaa aasit. asya astitvasya ekamaatram karanam brasilia asti, tathaa cha tasya nagarasya nimnavargasya nimnamadhyamavargasya cha nivaasinah athavaa graminakshetranam pravaasinah cha sulabha-aavaasam praaptum aavashyakah asti. 100, 000 taha adhikajananam nagarasya krute kevalam ekam chikitsaalayam, kevalam chatwaarah byaank-shaakhaah, kevalam ekam post-aafis cha iti pramaanatah, aadhaarabhoot-samrachanaah anishchitah asti. prativyakti-aayah nyoonah asti, adhikaamshaah nivaasinah brasilia-nagare karyam kartum pratidinam bus-yaanaani sweekaroti.

inththa ulagaththin vaazhkkai murai aguas lindas dii goyas enbathu brazilin matthiya kooyasil amainthulla oru nagaraatchi aagum. idhu maanilaththin ainthaavathu periya nagaramaagum mattrum brazilil vaekamaaka valarnthu varum nagarangalil ontraakum. puviyiyal. idam. aaguaas lindaakkal 193 kii. mee. aagum. maanilath thalaynagaraana koayiniyaavilirunthu. koayaaniyaavudanaana nedunjaalai inaippugal pr-153/anabolis/pr-414/gogalsino dii koyas/pr-070 moolam seiyappadugindrana. muzhumaiyaana pattiyalukku paarkkavum idhu santo antonio doow descoberto, gogalsino dii goyas mattrum prosilia aagiyavattrudan ellaikalaik kondullathu. idhu praesiliyaavukku maerkae amainthullathu mattrum koottaatchi maavattaththin ellaiyil amainthullathu. idhu 960,000 kkum maerpatta makkalaik konda endorno doow distrito koottaatchi nunn piraanthiyaththin oru paguthiyaagum. porulaathaaram. inththa nagaraththil periya thozhirchaalaigal ethuvum illai, aanaal siriya aluvalagangkal, paarkal, maligaik kadaigal mattrum periya palporul angkaadigal varai palvaeru vagaiyaana siru vaniga niruvanangal ullana. siru thozhilthuraigal thalapaadangal, kazhivuneer kuzhaaigal, mithivandigal, inippugal mattrum pommaigalai urpaththi seigindrana. muraisaaraa porulaathaaram migavum valuvaanathu mattrum palar nagaraththiloa allathu andai nagarangaliloa kankaatchigalil kadaikalaik kondullanar. siriya nilaparappu mattrum nagarppura panbugal kaaranamaaga vivasaayap porutkal ethuvum ibjaeyil pathivu seiyappadavillai. aguas lindas sameepaththil irunththathu, 1997 aam aandil sando antonio doow descoberto nagaraatchiyil irunthu thundikkappattathu. 1996ill verum maavattamaaga irunththa maavattaththin makkal thogai aerkanavae 61,478 aaga irunththathu. 2000aam aandukkul adhu 105,000 aaga uyarnthathu. adhan iruppukku oray kaaranam frasilia mattrum antha nagaraththin keezh varkka mattrum keezh naduththara varkka kudiyiruppaalargal allathu kiraamappurangalilirundhu pulampeyarnthoar malivu vilaiyil veettuvasathi pera vaendiya avasiyam. 100, 000 kkum maerpatta makkal vasikkum nagaraththil oray oru maruthuvamanai, naanku vangki kilaigal mattrum oray oru tabal aluvalagam mattumae iruppathu idhan aathaaramaakum. thaninabar varumaanam kuraivaaga ullathu, maelum perumpaalaana makkal brazil naattil vaelai seiya ovvoru naalum paerunththugalil selkindranar.

prapanchavyaaptamgaa prajala kosam águas lindas de Goiás anedi brazilloni central goyaslo unna oka purapalaka sangham. idhi raashtramlo aidava atipedda nagaram mariyu brazillo vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna nagarallo okati. bhougolikam. sthaanam. aguas lindas 193 kii. mea. la dhooramlo undhi. goyania rashtra rajadhani nundi. goyaniato rahadari anusandhaanaalu br-153/anapolis/br-414/coculginho dii goyas/br-070 dwara cheyabadataayi. puurti jabita kosam chudandi dheeniki santo antonio doow descoberto, coculginho dii goyas mariyu brasiliatho sarihaddulu unnaayi. idhi brasiliaku paschimaana mariyu samakhya jilla sarihaddulo undhi. idhi 960,000 mandiki paiga nivaasitulanu kaligi unna federal micro-regionlo bhaagam. aardhika vyavastha. nagaramlo pedda parisramalu laevu, conny chinna karyalayalu, baarlu, kirana dukaanaalu mariyu pedda suupar marketla nundi vividha rakaala chinna vaanijya samsthalu unnaayi. chinna parisramalu furniture, muruguneeti gottalu, saikillu, sweetlu mariyu bommalanu tayaaru chestaayi. anadhikaarika aardhika vyavastha chaalaa balamgaa undhi mariyu chaalaa mandiki nagaramlo ledhaa porugu nagarallo jaatarallo dukaanaalu untaayi. chinna bhuubhaagam mariyu pattana lakshanaala kaaranamgaa aibjeelo vyavasaya utpattulu namodu kaaledu. kaaledu santo antonio doow descoberto municipality nundi vidadeesi, iteevala saguas lindas uniki undhi. undhi kevalam oka jilla ayina daani janabha appatike 61,478.2000 natiki adhi 105,000kuu perigindi. daani unikiki ekaika kaaranam brasilia mariyu aaa nagaramloni diguva taragati mariyu diguva madhyataragati nivaasitulu ledhaa graameena praantaala nundi valasa vacchina vaaru sarasamaina gruhalanu kanugonavalasina avasaram undhi. 1, 00, 000 mandiki paiga janabha unna nagaraniki oke aasupatri, naalugu byaanku saakhalu mariyu oka tapala karyalayam matrame undatam dwara moulika sadupayalu anischitamgaa unnaayi. talasari aadaayam takkuvagaa undhi mariyu chaalaa mandhi nivaasitulu brasilialo pani cheyadaaniki pratiroojuu bassulanu teesukuntaaru.

goyas kay liye eek aham cheez agwas landas ddee goyas eek baldiyah hay juu wastee goyas brazeel mein waaqa hay. yaha riyasat kaa panchwan sabb say badaa shehar hay aur brazeel kay sabb say teezi say tarqi karnay waalay shehron mein say eek hay. geografiya. maqaam. agwas landas 193 chlometer hay. riyasat kay darulhukumat goenia say. goenia kay saath shahrah kay raabtay bee aar-153/anapolis/bee aar-414/cocolzinho ddee goyas/bee aar-070 kay zariye banaye jaatay haine. makmal fehrist kay liye dekhein iss kii sarhadein saanto intonio duu descaberto cocolzinho ddee goyas aur barsaliya say milti haine. yaha barsalz kay maghrab mein waaqa hay aur wafaqi zalaa kii sarhad parr waaqa hay. yaha antorno duu distreto wafaqi micro reejan kaa hasah hay jiss mein 960,000 say ziyadah baashinde haine. maeshat. shehar mein koyee bury sanaatein nahein haine leakin chhotay dafatar baar karyanah kii dukanein aur bury spir marketon say lay kirr mukhtalif qasm kay chhotay tajarti idaarey haine. chhoti sanaatein furniture severage pipe cyclen mithayiyan aur khilonay tayaar karti haine. ghair rasmi maeshat behat mazboot hay aur behat say logon kay shehar yaa padosi shehron mein mailon mein stall hotay haine. chhotay elaqay aur shehri khususiyat kii wajah say aayee bee jee kay saath koyee zarayi masnuaat registard nahein thein. agwas landas kaa wajood haaliyah hay jasay 1997 mein cento intonio duu descaberto kii baldiyah say alg kiyaa gayaa thaa. 1996 mein sarf eek zalaa kii aabadi pehley hyee 61,478 thee. 2000 takk yaha badh kirr 105,000 how gayee thee. iss kay wajood kii waahid wajah barsalz hay aur iss shehar kay nichley tabqe aur nichley matusat tabqe kay rehaishiyon yaa deehi elaqon say aaney waalay tarkeen watan kuu sastee rehaish talaash karnay kii zarurat hay. bunyadi dahanchay ghair yaqeeni haine jaisa kahh 100,000 say ziyadah afraad parr mushtamil shehar kay liye sarf eek hospital sarf chaar benak shakhein aur sarf eek post aafs kay wajood say zahir hotaa hay. phee kiss aamadni kumm hay aur ziyadah tarr baashinde brazeel mein kaam karnay kay liye rozanah basein leetay haine.

00012e88abb8614d69a8fdf886a94627b430b4c33256cd032b04f8797bd1a78f

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=25576781

Focaloid

Focaloid Geometrical shell In geometry, a focaloid is a shell bounded by two concentric, confocal ellipses (in 2D) or ellipsoids (in 3D). When the thickness of the shell becomes negligible, it is called a thin focaloid. Mathematical definition (3D). If one boundary surface is given by formula_1 with semiaxes "a", "b", "c" the second surface is given by formula_2 The thin focaloid is then given by the limit formula_3. In general, a focaloid could be understood as a shell consisting out of two closed coordinate surfaces of a confocal ellipsoidal coordinate system. Confocal. Confocal ellipsoids share the same foci, which are given for the example above by formula_4 formula_5 formula_6 Physical significance. A focaloid can be used as a construction element of a matter or charge distribution. The particular importance of focaloids lies in the fact that two different but confocal focaloids of the same mass or charge produce the same action on a test mass or charge in the exterior region. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

pho 'calloid jyamitit, pho 'calloid hoise dutaa ghonibhut, konof' kell upobritto upobritto baa upobritto upobritto ror dwara aabodho etaa xel. jetiya khuwar dathota nogonyo hoi pore, iyak paatol pho 'calloid buli kuwa hoy. ganitik xongya (3D). jodi etaa xeema pristho diya hoy e", "bi", "chi" ordho-okhyor xoite dwitiyo pristhotu diya hoise taar pisot paatol pho 'caloidtu xeema xutro _ 3 ror dwara diya hoy. xadharonote, etaa pho 'keloyedok etaa konof' kell upobrittiyo sthanangko pronalir dutaa bondho sthanangko pristhore gothito etaa xel hisape bujibo paari. bibhranto. konof 'kell upobrittiyobure eketu kendro bhag kore, jibur uporor udahorontur baabe diya hoise xaririk gurutwo. etaa pho 'calloid etaa podarthor nirman upadan baa aadhan bitoron hisape byobohar koribo paari. pho 'kell' idor bixex gurutwo ei kothatut nihito je eketa bhor baa aadhanor dutaa prithok kintu konof 'kell pho' kell 'idoi baahiror oncholot etaa porikhya bhor baa aadhanor uporot eke kriya utponno kore.

focaloid jyamitite, ekti focaloid holl duti ghonibhuto, confocal upobrittakar upobrittakar baa upobrittakar upobrittakar dwara aboddho ekti khol. jokhon kholer purutto naganya hoye yaay, tokhon etike patla focaloid bolla hoy. ganitik sangya (3dii). jodi ekti seemana pristho deoa hoy a", "b", "c" ordho-akkho soho dwitiya pristhoti deoa hoyeche tarpor patla fokaloyedti seema sootro _ 3 dwara deoa hoy. sadharonbhabe, ekti focaloidke ekti confocal upobrittakar sthanangko byabosthar duti boddho sthanangko pristher samanwaye gothito ekti khol hisabe bojha jete paare. bibhrantikar. confocal upobrittakarguli ekoi kendra bhag korey neyo, jaa uporer udahoroner jonno deoa hoyeche sharirik tatporjo. ekti focaloid ekti podarther nirman upadan baa charge bontoner jonno byabohar koraa jete paare. focaloider bishesh gurutto holl jey, ekoi bhor baa adhaner duti vinno kintu confocal focaloid bairer anchale ekti porikkhar bhor baa adhaner upor ekoi crea toiri korey.

focalloid bhoomitima, focalloid aee beey kendrit, confocal lambgol (2 deema) athavaa lambgol (3 deema) dwara gheraayelu kavach chhe. jyaare kavachnee jaadai najivi thaee jaay chhe, tyaare tene paatala focalloid kahevama aave chhe. gaanitik vyakhya (3D). jooe aek seema sapaati dwara aapvama aave ardh-aksh "a", "b", "c" saathe beejee sapaati aaa pramaane aapvama aave chheh paatala focalloid pachhi maryada sootra _ 3 dwara aapvama aave chhe. saamanya reete, focaloidne confocal lambgol sankalan pranalini beey bundh sankalan sapatiomathi banelaa kavach tareeke samjee shakaay chhe. munjhavanbharya. confocal lambgol aee jaj kendro dharaave chhe, jeey uparnaa udaaharan maate aapvama aavyaa chhe bhauteek mahatv. focaloidno upyog dravyanaa nirmaan tatva athavaa charge vitaran tareeke thaee shake chhe. focaloidsnu vishesh mahatv aee hakeekatma rahelu chhe keey aek jaj dada athavaa chargena beey alag-alag parantu confocal phocalloids baahy pradeshmaa parikshan dada athavaa charge parr samaan kriyaa utpann karey chhe.

focalloid jyaamiti mein, ack focalloid dou sankendrit, confocal deerghavritt (2 dee mein) yaa dirghvrittakar (3 dee mein) seey ghiraa huaa ack khol haye. jaba khol kii motai nagany hoe jaati haye, tou ise ack patala focalloid kahaa jaataa haye. ganitiya paribhasha (3dee). yadi ack seema satah dwara dee gaee haye ardh-aksh "aeye", "bee", "see" key saath doosari satah dwara dee jaati haye taba patale focalloid koo seema sootra _ 3 dwara diyaa jaataa haye. samanya taur parr, ack focalloid koo ack kosh key roop mein samajha jaa sakata haye jisamen ack confocal dirghvrittakar nirdeshank pranali kii dou bund nirdeshank satahen hoti hain. confocal. confocal ellipsoids ack hii kendra saajha karate hain, joe uparokt udaaharan key liye diye gaye hain bhautik mahatva. ack focalloid kaa upayog kissy padaarth yaa avesh vitaran key nirmaan tatva key roop mein kiya jaa sakata haye. focalloids kaa vishesh mahatva iss tathya mein nihit haye kii ack hii dravyamaan yaa avesh key dou alag-alag lekin confocal focalloids baahari kshetra mein ack pareekshan dravyamaan yaa avesh parr ack hii kriya kaa utpaadan karate hain.

phocaloid jyaamitiyalli, phocaloid embudu eradu kendrikruta, confocal ellips (2dii) athawa elipsoyidgalinda (3dii) suttuvarida shell aagide. chippina dappavu teeraa kadimeyaadaaga, adannu teluvaada phocaloid endu kareyalaaguttade. ganitada vyakhyana (3dii). ondu gadi melmaiyannu niididare a", "b", "c" emba arey-akshagalondige eradane melmaiyannu heege nidalaaguttadeh teluvaada phocaloid annu nantara miti sootra _ 3 ninda nidalaaguttade. samanyavagi, phocaloid annu confocal ellipsoidal nirdeshanka vevastheya eradu muchchida nirdeshanka melmaigalannu olagondiruva shell endu arthaisikollabahudu. gondalamaya. confocal elipsoidgalu onde phosigalannu hanchikolluttave, ivugalannu melina udaharanegagi nidalaagide bhautika pramukhyate. phocaloid annu padaarthada nirmaana amshavaagi athawa charge vitaraneyaagi balasabahudu. phokalaaydgala nirdishta pramukhyateyu onde dravyarashi athawa charge iruva eradu vibhinn aadare confocal phokalaaydgalu pariksha dravyarashi athawa horagina pradeshadalli charge mele onde kriyeyannu utpaadisuttave.

focaloid jyamithiyil, rund concentric, konfokkal deerghavrithangal (2 dii yill) allengil deerghavrithangal (3 dii yill) kondu chuttapetta oru shelaanu focaloid. shellinte kanam valare kuravaayirikkumbol athine nerttha focaloid ennu vilikkunnu. ganithashaasthra nirvachanam (3D). oru athirthi uparithalam nalkiyittundenkil a", "b", "c" ennee ardhasankarangal upayogichu randaamathe uparithalam nalkunnathu nerttha focaloid pinneedu limitt formula _ 3 nalkunnu. pothuve, oru focaloid oru konfokkal ellipsoidal coordinate sisttathinte rund adacha coordinate prathalangal adangiya oru shell aayi manassilakkaam. aashayakkuzhappathilayi. konfokkal ellipsoidukal ore phoosikal pankidunnu, avaa mukalil koduthirikkunna udaaharanathinu shaareerika praadhaanyam. oru dravyathinteyo charge vitharanathinteyo nirmmaana gadakamaayi oru focaloid upayogikkaam. ore pindamo charjo ulla rund vyathyasthavum ennaal konfokkal phokkaloyidukalum baahya mekhalayile oru testt maas allengil chaarjil ore pravartthanam srishtikkunnu enna vasthuthayilaan phokkaloyidukalude prathyeka praadhaanyam.

focalide bhoomitimadhye, focalide mhanje done ekagra, confocal lambvartulanni (2 dii madhye) kinwa lambvartulanni (3 dii madhye) vedhalele kavach asate. jevha kavachanchi jaadi nagany hote, tevha tyala patal focalide mhanatat. ganiteey vyakhya (3 dii) jarr eka seema prushthbhag deela gela tarr ardh-akshansah 'aaa', 'buub', 'see' haah dusra prushthbhag yaa dware deela jaatoh tyanantar patal focalide maryada sootra _ 3 dware dile jaate. sarvasadharanpane, focalide heey confocal lambvartulakar samanvay pranalichya done bund nirdeshank prushthbhaganche banalele kavach mhanoon samajale jaau shakate. gondhal. confocal lambvartulakar samaan kendra samayik karatat, jeey vareel udaharanasathi dile aahet bhautik mahatva. focalidecha vapar padarthacha bandhkam ghatak kinwa charge vitaran mhanoon keela jaau shakato. focalideche vishesh mahatva heey aahe qee ekach vastuman kinwa chargeche done bhinn parantu confocal focalide bahya pradeshatil chachani vastuman kinwa charjvar samaan kriya nirman karatat.

focaloid jyamitima, focaloid dui kendrit, confocal ellips (2d maa) wa ellipsoid (3d maa) dwara gherieko khol how. jab kholko motai naganya hunchha, yasalai patlo focaloid bhaninchha. ganitiya paribhasha (3d). yadi ek sima sataha dwara diieko chha bhane ardha-aksha "a", "b", "c" sanga dosro satahadwara diieko chha patlo focaloid tyasapachhi sima sutra _ 3 dwara diinchha. samanyataya, ek fokloidlai confocal ellipsoidal samanwaya pranaliko dui banda samanwaya satahaharu milera baneko kholko rupma bujhna sakinchha. confocal. confocal elipsoidharule eutai fosiharu sajha garchhan, june mathiko udaharanka lagi diieko chha bhautik mahatwa. fokloidlai padartha wa charge witaranko nirman tatwako rupma prayog garna sakinchha. focaloidsko vishesh mahatwa yass tathyama nihit chha kii eutai drawyaman wa chargeka dui farak tara confocal focaloidsle parikshan drawyaman wa bahiri kshetrama chargema eutai karya utpadan gardacha.

focaloid jyamitire, eka focaloid heuchhi duiti ghanibhuta, confocal upabruttakara (2d ray) kimba upabruttakara (3d ray) dwara aabadha eka shale . jetebele kholara motatwa naganya hoijae, ehaaku eka patala focaloid kuhajae . ganitika sangya sangya jadi gotie seema prustha dwara diajae a", "b", "c" ardha-akhya sahita dwiteeja prusthati dwara diajae . ehapare patala focaloid seema sutra _ 3 dwara diajae . sadharanatah, eka phokalaedaku eka kosh bhabare bujhiheba jaahaa eka confocal upabruttakara samanwaja pranalira duiti banda samanwaja prusthaku nei gathita . bibhrantikara. confocal upabruttakaragudika samaana kendra bhaga karanti, jaahaa uparokta udaharana paain diajaichhi sharirika gurutwa. eka focaloid eka padarthara nirmana upadan kimba charges bitarana bhabare byabahruta hoipare . phocaloidser bisesh gurutwa heuchhi je samaana bastutwa kimba charger duiti bhinna kintu confocal focaloid bahya anchalare eka parikhya bastutwa kimba charges upare samaana kriya utpadana kare .

focaloid geometry witch, ikk focaloid ikk shell hunda haii joe doou concentric, comfocal andakar (2 dee witch) jaan andakar (3 dee witch) naal ghiriaa hunda haii. jadon shell dee motai bahut ghatt hoow jaandi haii, taan iss noon ikk patli focaloid kiha jaanda haii. ganit dee paribhasha (3d). jacker ikk seema satah duaara ditti gaee haii aradh-axis "aii", "bee", "see" naal duji satah duaara ditti gaee haii firr patle focaloid noon seema farmula _ 3 duaara ditta jaanda haii. aam taur utte, ikk focaloid noon ikk shell dey roop witch samajhiaa jaa sakda haii jiss witch ikk comfocal andakar nirdeshank pranali deeaan doou bnd nirdeshank satahan hundiaan hunn. ulajhan. confocal andakar iko jihe kendra sanjhe karde hunn, joe uppar ditti gaee udaharan laee ditte gaye hunn sarirak mahatta. ikk focaloid noon kise padarath jaan chaaraj vandd dey nirman tatt vajon vartiaa jaa sakda haii. focaloids dee vishesh mahatta iss tatth witch haii kii ikko punj jaan chaaraj dey doou vakkhre parr comfocal focaloids baahari khetar witch ikk test punj jaan chaaraj utte ikko karvai paida karde hunn.

focaloid jyaamitau focaloid iti koshah, sankendritaih, confocal-deerghavruttaih (2d madhye) athavaa deerghavruttaakaaraih (3d madhye) dvayena baddhah bhavati. yadaa koshasya sthulata naganyate tadaa tatt patitah focaloid iti kathyate. ganiteey paribhasha (3d). yadi ekam sima-prushtam dattam bhavati ardha-akshaih "a", "bii", "sii" ityetaih saha dwiteeyam prushtam iti dattam asti. tatah parimiti-sootrena _ 3 iti patrena focaloid iti deeyate. samanyataya focaloid iti koshah iti graheetum shakyate, yasmin confocal-ellipsoidal-coordinate-system ityasya bandha-coordinate-prushtadvayam bhavati. samaanjitah. confocal-ellipsoids-ityetaani samaanaani kendraani panktayanti, ye upari udaharanartham dattaani santi - bhautikam mahattvam. focaloid ityasya upayogam dravyasya nirmaana-tattvaroopena vaa aaweg-vitaranaroopen vaa kartum shakyate. focaloid-ityasya vishesham mahattvam etat asti yat samaan-dravyamaanasya athavaa aavegasya bhinna-parantu confocal-focaloid-ityetadwayam baahyakshetre pareekshan-dravyamaanasya athavaa aavege samaan-kriyam utpaadyate.

fogaloid vadivaviyalil, oru kuviyakkaruvi enbathu irandu serivoottappatta, confocal neelvattangalaal (2d ill) allathu neelvattangalaal (3d ill) soolappatta oru shell aagum. shellin thadiman migak kuraivaaga irukkumpoathu, adhu melliya fogaloid endru azhaikkappadukirathu. kanitha varaiyarai (3D). oru ellai maerparappu kodukkapattaal araiazhuththanggaludan "a", "b", "c" irandaavathu maerparappu vazhangkappadukirathu melliya fogaloid pinnar varambu sooththiram _ 3 aall vazhangkappadukirathu. podhuvaaga, oru kuviyakkak koorkkai oru confocal neelvatta orunginaippu amaippin irandu moodiya orunginaippu maerparappugalaik konda oru shell endru purinthu kolla mudiyum. kuzhappamaana. confocal neelvattangkal oray phosikalaip pagirnthu kolgindrana, avai maelae ulla eduththukkaattukku kodukkappattullana udal mukkiyathuvam. oru fogaloid oru porulin kattumaana uruppaagavoa allathu saarj viniyogamaagavoa payanpaduththappadalaam. phogaloidugalin kuripitta mukkiyathuvam ennaventraal, oray nirai allathu minnoottaththin irandu vevvaeru aanaal confocal phogaloidugal velippurap paguthiyil oru soathanai nirai allathu minnoottaththil oray seyalai uruvaakkukintrana.

phocaloid jyaamitiloo, phocaloid anedi rendu kendrikruta, confocal deerghavruttaakaaraalu (2d loe) ledhaa deerghavruttaakaaraalu (3d loe) thoo sarihaddulugaa unna shell. shell yokka mandam chaalaa takkuvagaa unnappudu, daanini sannani phocaloid antaaru. ganita nirvachanam nirvachanam. oka sarihaddu uparitalam ichinatlayithe a", "b", "c" anae ardha akshaalato rendava uparitalam ivvabadutundi sannani phocaloid appudu parimiti suutram _ 3 dwara ivvabadutundi. saadhaaranamgaa, oka phokalaaydnu confocal ellipsoidal coordinate system yokka rendu closed coordinate uparitalaalato kuudina shelga ardham chesukovacchu. confocal. confocal ellipsoids oke kendraalanu panchukuntaayi, ivi paina perkonna udaaharana kosam ivvabaddaayi bhouthika praamukhyata. oka phokalaaydnu padaartham yokka nirmaana muulakamgaa ledhaa charge pampineegaa upayoginchavacchu. oke dravyarashi ledhaa charge yokka rendu ververu conny confocal phokalaaydlu bahya praantamloo pareeksha dravyarashi ledhaa chaarjpai oke charyanu utpatti chestayane vaastavam phokalaydla yokka pratyeka praamukhyata.

focaloid geometry mein focalide eek khool hay juu duu mutamarkaz kanfokal ellips (2 ddee mein) yaa ellipsides (3 ddee mein) say gharaa hawaa hay. jabb khool kii motayi naha honay kay baraabar how jaati hay tuu asay patli focalide kahaa jaataa hay. riyaziyati tareef (3d). agar eek hadd kii satah iss kay zariah dee gayee hay seemi aiks "a"yee "b"yee "c" kay saath dosri satah iss kay zariye dee gayee hay phir patli focalide kuu limat farmola _ 3 kay zariye diyaa jaataa hay. aam toor parr eek focalide kuu eek sheel kay toor parr samjha jaa saktaa hay juu eek kanfokal ellipsidal coordinate system kii duu bund coordinate sathon parr mushtamil hotaa hay. aljhan. kanfokal ellipsides eek hyee fosi kaa ashtaraak kartay haine juu oopar kii misaal kay toor parr diye gayey haine jasmani ahmiyat. focalide kuu kasee maaday yaa chaarij kii taqsim kay tamirati ansar kay toor parr istemaal kiyaa jaa saktaa hay. phocaloids kii khaas ahmiyat iss haqeeqat mein mazmar hay kahh eek hyee kameet yaa chaarij kay duu mukhtalif leakin kanfokal phocaloids beruni elaqay mein test maas yaa chaarij parr eek hyee amal paida kartay haine.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=65514468

Ellis Haizlip

Ellis Haizlip American television producer Ellis B. Haizlip (September 21, 1929 – January 25, 1991) was an American television and theatrical producer, broadcaster and promoter of African American culture. Haizlip is best known as the creator, producer and host of the television variety show, "SOUL!". Biography. He was born and grew up in Washington, DC. He attended Howard University, where he produced plays and theatre shows before graduating in 1954. He moved to New York City, and began producing plays with actors such as Vinnette Carroll, Cicely Tyson, Calvin Lockhart, and James Earl Jones, as well as performances by Alvin Ailey's dance company. He also produced shows in Europe and the Middle East, including plays by James Baldwin and Langston Hughes, as well as a concert tour by Marlene Dietrich. In 1968, Haizlip created and executive produced "Soul!", an arts program which became a showcase for many African American artists and musicians, such as Ashford and Simpson, Roberta Flack, and poet Nikki Giovanni. He also presented the show, after a few initial programs with other presenters. According to one biography, "Haizlip’s vision was for a program that would use the variety show format to display the breadth and variety of Black culture. The mission of “Soul!” would be not merely to entertain African American viewers, but to challenge them to ponder the possible meanings of Black culture and Black community at a time when African Americans were driving America's social transformation... "Soul!" was unapologetic about aiming its diverse and self-critical weekly affirmation of Black culture and politics to African American viewers, a group that had previously not had the pleasure of seeing itself widely, or truthfully, represented on television.." Haizlip continued to actively promote African American culture through events such as the first Congressional Black Caucus Dinner in 1970; and "Soul at the Center", a 12-day festival of performing arts held at the Lincoln Center. After the television show ended in 1973, when funding was reduced, he remained active in the media. He also coordinated work at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. He was diagnosed with lung cancer in the 1980s, and then with a brain tumor. He died in 1991, at George Washington University Medical Center, aged 61. In 2018, a documentary film about Ellis Haizlip entitled "Mr. Soul!" was written, directed and produced by his niece, filmmaker Melissa Haizlip. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

elis highzlip elis bi. highzlip (21 septembor, 1929-25 january, 1991) egoraki aamerikan durodorxon aaru theater projujok, xomprosarok aaru african aamerikan xongoskritir prosarok aasil. highzlip televisionor bibhinno onusthan "cho" lo! "ror sristikorta, projujok aaru xonsalok hisape ataitkoi besi porisito.". jiwani. teur jonmo aaru dangor huwar xomoy aasil waswington, di. chi.-too. teu haward biswobidyaloyot odhyoyon korisil, zo 'too teu 1954 sonot snatok huwar aagote naatok aaru theater swo' projujona korisil. teu nework sohoroloi guchi goisil, aaru vinet kerol, saisili taison, kelvin lockhart, aaru james aarl jonsor dore obhinetaxokolor xoite naatok projujona koriboloi aarombho korisil, logote elvin aailir nrityo companyr poriwexonou korisil. teu euroop aaru modhyo prasyot swo 'projujona korisil, jaar bhitorot aasil james baldwin aaru lengston hiugesor naatok, logote marlene dietriceor ek concert bhromon. 1968 sonot highzlipe "xul!" sristi korisil aaru karzobahi projujona korisil.", etaa kolaa karzoxusi ji ashford aaru simpchon, roberta flack, aaru kobi nikki jiubhannir dore bohutu african aamerikan xilpi aaru xongitogyor baabe ek prodorxoni hoi porisil. aan uposthapokxokolor xoite keitaman prarombhik karzoxusir pisot teu ei onusthanou uposthapon korisil. etaa jiwani onuxori, "highzlipor dristibhongi aasil ene etaa karzoxusir baabe ji koo 'laa xongoskritir proxar aaru boisitryo prodorxon koriboloi boisitryomoy swo' formate byobohar koribo. aatma" ror lokhyo!eyaa kewol african aamerikan dorxokxokolok monuronjon korai nohoy, boroncho teulukok ene ek xomoyot krishnango xongoskriti aaru krishnango xomprodayor xombhabyo orthor bixoye chinta koriboloi proityahban jonuwa hoh 'bob jetiya african aamerikanxokole aamerikar xamajik poribortonor poth proxosto kori aasil... "aatma!"african aamerikan dorxokxokolor aagot iyar koo 'laa xongoskriti aaru rajneetir boisitryomoy aaru aatmo-xomaluchonamulok xaptahik promanikoronor lokhyo rokhar khetrot khyoma bisora nasil, ji guttuwe purbote televisionot nijoke byapokbhabe, baa xosabhabe protinidhitwo korar aanondo laabh koraa nasil.." highzlipe 1970 sonot prothom congressional black kokcho noixobhujor dore onusthanor joriyote african aamerikan xongoskritir xokriyobhabe prosar obyahot rakhisil; aaru "cho 'lo ett dyo center", linkon centerot onusthito 12 diniya poriwexon artsor utxob. 1973 sonot television swo 'tu xex huwar pisot, jetiya puji hraax koraa hoisil, teu xongbad madhyomot xokriyo hoi aasil. teu shromberg kendrot koo 'laa xongoskritir gowexonar kaamor xomonwoy xadhon korisil. 1980-ror doxokot teu haufaur korkot rugot akranto huwa aaru taar pisot brain tiumarot akranto huwa buli dhora porisil. 1991 sonot jorjo waswington biswobidyaloyor sikitsa kendrot 61 bosor boyoxot teur mrityu hoy. 2018 sonot, "mister" xirxok elis highzlipor bixoye ekhon tothyositro. aatma!"teur bhotiji, solositro nirmata melisa highzlipe rosona, porisalona aaru projujona korisil.

ellis highzlip ellis bii. highzlip (21shhey septembara, 1929-25shhey januari, 1991) chhilen ekjon markin television ebong natyo projojok, somprocharok ebong african american sangaskritir probortok. highzlip television boichitromoy anusthan "soul!"-err srashta, projojok ebong uposthapok hisabe sorbadhik porichito.". jeeboni. tini washington, dii. shee-teey jonmogrohon corren ebong bede othen. tini haward bishwobidyaloye padashona corren, jekhane tini 1954 saale snatok howar agey natok ebong theater shoe prajojana korechilen. tini neu eork sitite choley zaan ebong vinet caroll, sisili tyson, calvin lockhart ebong james earl jonser moto abhinetader saathe natok prajojana shuru corren, pashapashi alvin ailir nrityo sangosthar performance shuru corren. tini europe ebong modhyoprachye james baldowin ebong langston huges-err natoker pashapashi marlene detreacher ekti concert sofor soho anusthan prajojana korechilen. 1968 saale highzlip "soul!" toiri korey ebong nirbahi prajojana korey.", ekti shilpokola anusthan jaa ashford ebong simpson, roberta flack ebong cobby nikki giovanni-err moto onek african american shilpi ebong sangitagyader jonno ekti prodorshonite porinoto hoyechilo. anyanno uposthapokder sange koyekti prathomik anusthaner porr tini anusthanti uposthapon corren. ekti jeeboni onusare, "highzliper drishtibhongi chhilo emon ekti programer jonno jaa kaalo sangaskritir prostho ebong boichitro prodorshon korte bivinno shoe format byabohar korbe. atma"-err mission!etty cable african american dorshokder binodan deoar jonno noy, borong african americanra jokhon americar samajik rupantarke chaalito korchilo tokhon kaalo sangaskriti ebong krishnanga sampradayer sombhabbo ortho niye chinta korar jonno taader challenge koraa hobey... "atma!"african american dorshokder kachhe krishnanga sangaskriti oo rajneetir boichitromoy ebong swa-samalochanamulak saptahik nischitkoroner lakkhya somporke tini onutopto chhilen, emon ekti gosthi jaa agey televisione nijeke byapokbhabe baa satyikarbhabe protinidhitto korar ananda payni.." highzlip 1970 saale prothom congressional black caucus dinner ebong linkon centere onusthito 12 diner performing arter utsab "soul ayata dya center"-err moto anusthaner madhyome african american sangaskritir sakriya prochar abyahoto rakhe. 1973 saale television anusthanti shesh howar porr, jokhon tehbil hrass koraa hoy, tokhon tini ganomadhyome sakriya chhilen. tini krishnanga sangaskritir gobeshonar jonno scomberg kendreo kaaj samanwaya korechilen. 1980-err doshke taanr fusfuser cancer ebong tarpor bren tumour dhora porey. 1991 saale 61 bochor boyse george washington bishwobidyaloyer medicale centere tini maaraa zaan. 2018 saale, ellis highzlip somporke ekti tothyochitro "mii. atma!"etty likhechen, porichalona korechen ebong prajojana korechen taanr bhagni, cholochchitro nirmata melissa highzlip.

ellis hazlip ellis bii. hazlip (21 september, 1929-25 january, 1991) aek american television aneey theatre nirmata, prasaarankartaa aneey african american sanskrutinaa pravartak hataa. highzlip television variety shho, "soola!" naa nirmata, nirmata aneey yajmaan tareeke sauthee vadhu jaaniti chhe.". jivancharitra. temno janm aneey uchher washington, dii. see. maan thayo hato. temane hovarda universityma haajari aapee hatee, jyaan temane temane snaatak thayaa pahelaa natako aneey theatre shonu nirmaan karyoo hatoo. teo newyork shaherma rahevaa gayaa hataa aneey winnet kerol, cicilly tyson, calvin lockhart aneey james earl johns jevaa abhinetao saathe natakonu nirmaan karvaanu sharoo karyoo hatoo, temaj elwin eleeni nrutya kampani dwara pradarshan pann karyoo hatoo. temane europe aneey madhya purvamaa pann shho banaavya, jemaa james baldwin aneey langston hyugsnaa natako temaj marlene dietrich dwara concert tourno samaavesh thaay chhe. chhe, highzlipe "soola!" noon nirmaan aneey nirmaan karyoo hatoo.", aek qalaa kaarykram jeey ashford aneey simpson, roberta flack aneey kavee nikki geovanni jevaa ghanaa african american kalakaro aneey sangeetkaaro maate pradarshan bunny gayo. temane anya prastutkartaao saathe ketlaak praarambhik kaarykramo pachhi pann aaa kaarykram rajoo karyo hato. aek jivancharitra anusaar, "highzlipni drashti aek aevaa kaarykram maate hatee jeey kaalaa sanskrutini paholai aneey vividhtaane pradarshit karvaa maate viveedh pradarshan swarupno upyog karashe. aatmaanu mission!teey maatra african american darshakonu manoranjan karvaa maate nahee, parantu african americno americana saamaajik parivartanne chalaavi rahyaa hataa teey samaye kaalaa sanskruti aneey kaalaa samudaaynaa sambhaveet artho parr vichaar karvaa maate temne padkaar aapvaa maate hashe... "aatma!"african american darshako maate kaalaa sanskruti aneey rajkaranni tenee vaividhyasabhar aneey swa-vivechanaatmak saaptaahik samarthanne lakshya banaavvaa maate biin-mafipatra hatoo, aek jooth keey jene agau television parr potaane vyaapak reete athavaa saachu pratinidhitva karvaano aanand malyo naa hato.." hazlipe hazlipe pratham kongresanal black cocus dinner aneey linken center khaate yojaayela pradarshan kalaano 12 divaseey utsav "soola aeta dhaa center" jevaa kaarykramo dwara african american sanskrutine sakreey reete protsaahan aapvaanu chaalu raakhyu hatoo. hatoo television shho samaapt thayaa pachhi, jyaare bhandol ghatadvama aavyu, tyaare teo midiyaamaa sakreey rahyaa. temane ashwet sanskrutima sanshodhan maate scomberg kendramaa kaamnu sankalan pann karyoo hatoo. hatoo daykama temne fefsaanaa kensarnu nidan thayu hatoo, aneey pachhi temne magajnee gaanth hovaanu nidan thayu hatoo. teo teo george washington university medical center khaate 61 varshnee vaye mrutyu pamya hataa. hataa, ellis hazlip visheni dastaveji film "shree. aatma!"tenee patkathaa, nirdeshan aneey nirmaan temnee bhatriji, film nirmata melissa hazlipe karyoo hatoo.

ellis highzlip ellis bee. hyzlip (21 sitambar, 1929-25 janwari, 1991) ack americi television aur naatya nirmaata, prasarak aur african americi sanskriti key pravartak they. hyzlip koo television vividhata karyakram, "soul!" key nirmaata, nirmaata aur mezban key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye.". jeevani. unakaa janm aur paalan-poshan washington, dee. see. mein huaa thaa. unhone howard vishvavidyalaya mein bhaag liya, jahan unhone 1954 mein snaatak honey seey pahale natakon aur rangmanch karyakramon kaa nirmaan kiya. way newyork shahar chaley gaye, aur winnet caroll, sisili tyson, calvin lockhart aur james earl johns jaise abhinetaon key saath natakon kaa nirmaan karna shuru kiya, saath hii saath alwyn ellie kii nritya company dwara pradarshan bhee kiya. unhone europe aur madhya poorv mein show kaa nirmaan bhee kiya, jisamen james baldwyn aur langston huges key natakon key saath-saath marlene dietrich kaa ack sangeet karyakram daura bhee shamil thaa. 1968 mein, highzlip ney "soul!" kaa nirmaan aur nirmaan kiya.", ack kalaa karyakram joe kaee african americi kalakaron aur sangeetkaron key liye ack pradarshan bunn gayaa, jaise kii ashford aur simpson, robberta flack, aur kavi nikki jiyovanni. unhone anya prastutkartaon key saath kuchh praarambhik karyakramon key baad show bhee prastut kiya. ack jeevani key anusaar, "highzlip kaa drishtikon ack aise karyakram key liye thaa joe ashwet sanskriti kii chaudaai aur vividhata koo pradarshit karane key liye vibhinn show praarup kaa upayog karega. aatma" kaa mission!yeh kewal african americi darshakon kaa manoranjan karane key liye naheen hoga, balki unhein aise samay mein ashwet sanskriti aur ashwet samudaay key sambhaavit arthon parr vichaar karane kii chunauti denaa hoga jaba african americi america key samajik parivartan koo chalaa rahey they... "aatma!"african americi darshakon key liye ashwet sanskriti aur rajneeti kii apani vividh aur aatm-aalochanatmak saptahik pushti koo lakshit karane key baare mein koee maafi naheen thee, ack aisaa samooh jise pahale khud koo vyaapak roop seey, yaa sachchai seey, television parr pratinidhitva karane kaa anand naheen milaa thaa.." hyzlip ney 1970 mein pahale congressional black cocus dinner jaise karyakramon key madhyam seey african americi sanskriti koo sakriya roop seey badhaava denaa jaari rakhaa; aur "soul aitt dha center", linken center mein aayojit pradarshan kalaa kaa 12 divasiya utsav. 1973 mein television show samaapt honey key baad, jaba dhana cumm hoe gayaa, tou vaha media mein sakriya rahey. unhone ashwet sanskriti mein anusandhaan key liye scomberg kendra mein bhee kaam kiya. 1980 key dashak mein unhein fefadon key cancer kaa pataa chalaa thaa, aur phir unhein brain tumour hoe gayaa thaa. 1991 mein 61 varsh kii ayu mein george washington vishvavidyalaya chikitsa kendra mein unakaa nidhan hoe gayaa. 2018 mein, ellis highzlip key baare mein ack vrittachitra film jiska sheershak "shree. aatma!"yeh unaki bhatiji, film nirmaata melissa hazlip dwara likhit, nirdeshit aur nirmit thee.

ellis hyzelip ellis bii. hyzelip (september 21,1929-janavari 25,1991) obba american duradarshana mattu natakiya nirmaapaka, prasaraka mattu african american samskrutiya pravartakaraagiddaru. hyzelip dooradarshanada vaividhyamaya karyakramavada "soal!" naa srushtikarta, nirmaapaka mattu niroopaka endu prasiddhavaagide.". jivanacharitre. avaru janisiddu mattu beledaddu washington, dii. sii. yalli. avaru hovard vishvavidyaalayadalli vyasanga maadidaru, allie avaru 1954 ralli padavi padeyuva modalu natakagalu mattu rangabhoomi pradarshanagalannu nirmisidaru. avaru newyork nagarakke teralidaru, mattu vinnette caroll, sisili tyson, calvin lockhart mattu james earl jonsnantaha natarondige natakagalannu nirmisalu praarambhisidaru, jotege alvin ailiya nrutya kampaniya pradarshanagalannu niididaru. aata james baldwyn mattu langston hoogs avara natakagalu mattu marlene dietrich avara sangeeta kachheri pravaasa seridante europe mattu madhyaprachyadalli pradarshanagalannu saha nirmisidaru. 1968ralli, hyzelip "soal!" annu rachisitu mattu karyanirvahakavagi nirmisitu."idu ashford mattu simpson, rabarta flock mattu kavi nikki giovanni avarantaha aneka african american kalaavidaru mattu sangeetagaararige pradarshanavaada kalaa kaaryakramavaagide. kelavu arambhika karyakramagala nantara avaru itara niroopakarondige kaaryakramavannu prastutapadisidaru. ondu jivanacharitreya prakara, "hyzelip avara drashtikonavu kappu samskrutiya vistaara mattu vaividhyateyannu pradarshisalu vaividhyamaya pradarshana svaroopavannu balasuva kaaryakramavaagittu. aatma" dha dhyeya!idu kevala african american vikshakarige manaranjane needalu matravalla, african americannaru americada samajika parivartaneyannu munnadesuttidda samayadalli kappu samskruti mattu kappu samudaayada sambhavaneeya arthagalannu yochisalu avarige savaalu haakuvudaagide... "aatma!"african american vikshakarige kappu samskruti mattu raajakeeyada vaividhyamaya mattu swayam-vimarshaatmaka varakkomme drudhikaranavannu guriyagisuva bagge avaru kshameyachisalilla, ee hinde duradarshanadalli vyaapakavaagi athawa satyavagi pratinidhisuva santoshavannu hondiralilla.." hyzelip 1970 ralli modala congressina black caucus bhojana mattu linken kendradalli nadeda 12 dinagala pradarshana kalegala utsavavaada "soal aut dhii center" nantaha karyakramagala moolaka african american samskrutiyannu sakriyavagi uttejisuvudannu munduvarisitu. 1973ralli duradarshana kaaryakramavu konegonda nantara, nidhiyannu kadime madidaga, avaru madhyamagalalli sakriyaraagi ulidaru. avaru kappu samskrutiya samshoodhanegaagi scomberg kendradalli kelasavannoo samyojisidaru. aatanige 1980rahra dasakadalli shvasakoshada cancer iruvudu patteyaayitu, mattu nantara medulina gedde patteyaayitu. avaru 1991ralli tamma 61neey vayassinalli georg washington vishvavidyaalayada vaidyakeeya kendradalli nidhanaraadaru. 2018ralli, ellis hyzelip kuritaada sakshyachitra "mister. aatma!"idannu avara sodara sose, chalanachitra nirmaapaki melissa hyzelip baredu, nirdeshisi, nirmisiddaare.

ellis highslip ellis bii. oru american television, naadaka nirmmaathaav, prakshepakan, aafrikkan american samskaarathinte promoter ennee nilakalil prashasthanaayirunnu highslip (septambar 21,1929-januvari 25,1991). television vaividhyamaarnna paripaadiyaaya "soul!"-nte srashtaavu, nirmmaathaav, avathaarakan ennee nilakalil highslip kooduthal ariyappedunnu.". jeevacharitram. addeham janichathum valarnnathum washington dii. siyilaanu. 1954ll birudam nedunnathinu munbu addeham howard sarvakalashaalayil naadakangalum naadaka paripaadikalum nirmmichu. newyork nagaratthilekku thamasam marria addeham vinnettu karol, sisili taisan, calvin lockhart, jaims erl johns thudangiya abhinethaakkalkkoppam naadakangal nirmmikkaan thudangi. jaims baldwin, laangstan hugus ennivarude naadakangalum marlene dietrichinte oru kacheri paryadanavum ulppede europilum middle eesttilum addeham shokal nirmmichu. 1968ll highslip "soul!" srishtikkukayum executive nirmmikkukayum cheythu."ashford, simpson, robarta flack, kavi nikki jiovanni thudangiya niravadhi aafrikkan american kalakaaranmaarkkum samgeethajnjarkkum pradarshanamaayi marria oru kalaa paripadi. mattu avatharakarumaayi chernnu eathaanum prarambha paripaadikalkk sesham addeham paripadi avatharippichu. oru jeevacharitram anusarichu, "karutha samskaarathinte veethiyum vaividhyavum pradarshippikkunnathin vaividhyamaarnna shhow formet upayogikkunna oru prograaminaayirunnu haislipinte kaazhchappaad. aathmaav" enna douthyathinte!aafrikkan american kaazhchakkaare rasippikkuka mathramalla, aafrikkan amerikkakkar amerikkayude saamoohika parivarthanatthinu neethrthwam nalkunna oru samayat karutha samskaarathinteyum karutha samoohathinteyum saadhyamaaya ardhangalekkurichu chinthikkaan avare velluvilikkuka ennathaayirikkum athu... "aathmaav!"munbu televisionil svayam vyaapakamaayi allengil sathyasandhamaayi prathinidheekarikkappedaath oru grouppaaya aafrikkan american kaazhchakkaarkk karutha samskaaratheyum raashtreeyatheyum kurichu vaividyamaarnnathum svayam vimarsanaathmakavumaaya prathivaara sthireekaranam lakshyamidunnathil addeham mapp paranjilla.." 1970-leeii aadyathe kongras black cocus athaazham, linkon sentaril nadanna 12 divasathe kalaaparipaadikalkkayulla utsavamaaya "soul attu dhaa sentar" thudangiya paripaadikaliloode aafrikkan american samskaarathe highslip sajeevamaayi prothsaahippikkunnath thudarnnu. 1973ll television shhow avasaanichathinusesham, fund kurachappol addeham maadyamangalil sajeevamaayi thudarnnu. karutha samskaarathekkurichulla gaveshanathinaayi scomberg sentarile pravartthanangalum addeham ekopippichu. ekopippichu addehathinu shwaasakosha arbudam undennum pinneedu braine tumour undennum kandethi. 1991ll jorjju washington yooniversitti medical sentaril 61-aamm vayassil addeham antharichu. 2018ll ellis highslip enna chithrathekkurichulla oru documentary chithram "misttar. aathmaav!"addehathinte anantharavalum chalachithra nirmmaathaavumaaya melissa highslip aanu chithram ezhuthukayum samvidaanam cheyyukayum nirmmikkukayum cheythath.

ellis hyzlip ellis bii. hazlip (21 september 1929-25 janewari 1991) haah eka american durchitravani aanee natya nirmata, prasarak aanee african american sanskraticha pravartak hota. soul!' yaa durchitravanivaril vividh prakarchya karyakramache nirmate, nirmate aanee sutrasanchalak mhanoon hyzlipla olakhale jaate.". charitra. tyancha janm aanee vaadh washington, dii. see. yethe jhaali. tyanni howard vidyapithat shikshan ghetale, jithe tyanni 1954 madhye padvi midvanyapurvi natake aanee natya karyakramanchi nirmiti kelee. teey newyork shaharat gele aanee winnet caroll, cicilly tyson, calvin lockhart aanee james earl johns yansarkhya abhinetyansobat natakanchi nirmiti karnyas suruvat kelee, tasech elwyn elichya nrutya companychya sadarikaranasaha. tyane europe aanee madhyapurvetahi karyakram tayar kele, jyat james baldwin aanee langston hugs yanchi natake, tasech marlene dietrich yancha maifilicha daura samavisht aahe. 1968 madhye, hyzeleepne 'soul!' tayar kele aanee karyakari nirmiti kelee.", haah eka qalaa karyakram hota, joou ashford aanee simpson, robberta flack aanee kavee nikki geovanni yansarkhya anek african american kalakar aanee sangitkaransathi eka pradarshan banala. itar sadarkartyansamvet kahee prarambhik karyakramanantar tyanni haah karyakramahi sadar keela. eka charitranusar, "haijalipachi drushti eka karyakramasathi hotee jee kalya sanskratichi rundi aanee vividhata pradarshit karnyasathi vividh pradarshan swarupacha vapar karel. aatma" chey dhyey!keval african american prekshakanche manoranjan karnyasathi navhe, tarr african american american amerikechya samajik parivartanala chalana dett asatana kalya sanskratichya aanee krishna samudayachya sambhavya arthanvar vichar karnyache aavhan dene... "aatma!"african american prekshakanna, jyaa gatala purvi durchitravanivar swatache pratinidhitva mothya pramanat kinwa pramanikpane pahanyacha anand midala navhata, asha krishnavarniy sanskruti aanee rajkaranachya tyachya vaividhyapurn aanee swa-tikatmak saptahik pushtiche lakshya thevanyabaddal teey binshart hote.." 1970 madheel pahile congressional black cocus dinner aanee linken centermadhye aayojit 12 divasiy pradarshan kalancha utsav 'soul ett daad center' yasarkhya karyakramandware haizleepne african american sanskratila sakriyapane protsahan dene suru thewale. 1973 madhye durchitravani karyakram sampalyanantar, jevha nidhi qamee jhaala, tevha teey prasarmadhyamandhye sakriy rahile. tyanni krishnavarniy sanskratitil sanshodhanasathi scomberg kendrat kamache samanvayahi kele. 1980 chya dashakat tyanna fuffusacha karkarog jhalyache aanee nantar brain tumour asalyache nidan jhaale. 1991 madhye george washington vidyapithachya vaidyakeey kendrat vayachya 61 vya varshi tyanche nidhan jhaale. 2018 madhye, ellis hayzlipbaddalcha eka mahitipat 'shree. aatma!"tyachi bhachi, chitrapat nirmati melissa hazlip hiney yaa chitrapatache lekhan, digdarshan aanee nirmiti kelee.

alys highzlip alys bee. highzlip (september 21,1929-janawari 25,1991) ek americi television rar theater nirmata, prasarankarta rar africi americi sanskritiko prawardhankarta thie. highzlip television vividh karyakramko nirmata, nirmata rar hostko rupma chininchha, "sole!". jiwani. uni wassington, disima janmieka rar hurkeka thie. unle haward vishwavidyalayama bhag lie, jahaan unle 1954 maa snatak hunu aghi natak rar theater shoharu nirman gare. uni newyork saharma sare, rar winnet caroll, sisili tyson, calvin lockhart, rar james earl johns jasta abhinetaharusanga natakharu nirman garna thale, sathai alwyn eliko nritya companydwara pradarshanharu pani gare. unle europe rar madhya purvama pani karyakramharu nirman gare, jasma james baldwyn rar langston hagjako natakharu, sathai marlen dietrichko concert bhraman samawesh chha. sann 1968 maa, highzliplay "sole!" sirjana rar karyakari utpadan utpadan, ek kala karyakram june dherai africi americi kalakarharu rar sangitkarharu, jastai asford rar simpson, roberta flack, rar kawi nikki jiyobhannika lagi pradarshani banyo. unle anya prastotaharusanga kehi prarambhik karyakrampachhi karyakram pani prastut gare. euta jiwanika anusar, "highzlipko darshan euta karyakramka lagi thiyo jasle callo sanskritiko chaudai rar vividhata pradarshan garna vividh show dhancha prayog garnechha. atma" ko mission!yo kewal africi americi darshakharuko manoranjan garna matra hoina, tara africi amerikiharule americako samajik rupantaranlai chalaundai garda callo sanskriti rar callo samudayako sambhawit arthaharubare sochna chunauti dina pani hunechha... "atma!"africi americi darshakharulai callo sanskriti rar rajnitiko yasako vividh rar atma-alochanatmak saptahik pushtilai laxit garne barema mafi mageko thiena, ek samuha jasle pahile televisionma afulai wyapak rupma, wa saancho rupma pratinidhitwa garne ananda paeko thiena.." highzliplay sann 1970 maa pahilo congressional black kakas dinner rar linken centrema ayojit pradarshan kalako 12-diwasiya mahotsava "sole att da centre" jasta karyakramharu marfat africi americi sanskritilai sakriya rupma prawardhan garna jaari rakhyo. sann 1973 maa television karyakram samapta bhaepachi, jab kosh ghatyo, uni mediama sakriya rahe. unle callo sanskritima anusandhanka lagi scomberg kendrama pani kaam samanwaya gare. unlai sann 1980 ko dashakma foksoko cancer bhaeko rar tyasapachhi brain tumour bhaeko patta lageko thiyo. unko sann 1991 maa george wassington vishwavidyalaya medical centrema 61 warshako umerma mrityu bhayo. sann 2018 maa, alys highzlipko barema euta writtachitra film "shree. atma!"unko bhatiji, film nirmata melissa haijalipdwara lekhieko, nirdeshit rar nirman garieko thiyo.

ellis hyzlip ellis bii. highzlip (september 21,1929-januari 25,1991) jane americae television ebong theatre nirmata, prasaranakari ebong african americae sanskrutira prabarttaka thile. highzlip television bibidha shoe 'soal! rahr nirmata, nirmata ebong host bhabare janashuna .".. jeebani. shay washington, dii. sii. ray janmagrahana karithile ebong badhithile. shay haward biswabidyalajare joga deithile, jeunthare shay 1954 ray snataka heba purbaru nataka ebong theatre shoe nirmana karithile. shay nyujarka saharaku jaithile, ebong vinet caroll, sisili tyson, kalvin lockhart ebong james earl jonsanka pari abhinetanka sahita nataka nirmana arambha karithile, ebong alvin aailinka nrutya company dwara pradarshan karithile . shay europe ebong madhyaprachyare shoe madhya nirmana karithile, jeunthire james baldwin ebong langston hagsnka nataka sahita marlen detrichnka eka concert gasta antarbhukta . 1968 masihare highzlip "soal!" srusti karithila ebong karjyakaree karithila.", eka kalaa karjyakram jaahaa aneka african americae kalakara ebong sangeetagyanka paain eka pradarshaneere parinata hoithila, jepariki ashford ebong simpson, roberta flack, ebong kabi nikki jiobhanni . shay anya upasthapikanka saha kichhi prarambhika karjyakram parey shoe 'madhya upasthapana karithile. gotie jeebani anujai, "highzlip rahr drustikona eka karjyakram paain thila jaahaa kalaa sanskrutira byapakata ebong bibidhata pradarshan karibaku bibhinna shoe formatt byabahara kariba . atma" rahr mission!ehaa kebala african americae darshakamananku manoranjan kariba paain nuhen, barang african aamerikeejamane americara samajika paribartanaku aagei neuthiba samajare kalaa sanskruti ebong kalaa sampradayara sambhabya artha upare chinta karibaku semananku aahwana deba paain heba..... "atma!"african americae darshakanka paain kalaa sanskruti ebong rajneeti bishajare ehara bibidha ebong aatma-samalochanakari saptahika nishchitataku lakhya rakhiba bishajare shay khyama maagi nathile, eka gosthi jaahaa purbaru telivijanare nijaku byapaka bhabare, kimba satyatara saha pratinidhitwa karibara ananda paai nathila ..." highzlip 1970 ray pratham congressional black cacus ratribhojana ebong linkan sentarare ajojita 12 dinia pradarshan kalaa utsaba "soal aut dee centre" pari karjyakram madhyamare african americae sanskrutiku sakriya bhabare prostahita kariba jaari rakhithila . 1973 masihare television shoe 'shesh heba parey, jetebele panthi hrass karajaithila, shay ganamadhyamare sakriya rahithile. kalaa sanskruti upare gabeshana paain shay scomberg sentarare madhya karjyara samanwaja rakhithile. 1980 dashakare shay fushfush karkata rogare akranta hoithile ebong parey eka mastishka arbudare akranta hoithile. shay 1991 masihare 61 barsha bajasare george washington biswabidyalajara medical sentarare mrutyubarana karithile. 2018 ray, ellis highzlip bishajare eka documentary chalachitra "mea. mea. atma!"taanka bhaniji, chalachitra nirmata melissa haijalipnka dwara likhita, nirdeshita ebong nirmita .

ellies hazlip ellis bee. hyzleep (21 satambar, 1929-25 janwari, 1991) ikk amriki television atey theatre nirmata, parsarak atey african amriki sabheyachar daa promoter see. highsleep noon television vibhinn shoa, "soul!". jeevani. uh washington, dee. see. witch paida hoiaa atey vadda hoiaa see. uss neey haward university witch padahi keeti, jitthe uss neey 1954 witch graduate honn toon pahilan natak atey theatre shoa tiaar keete. uh newyork shehar chaley gaye, atey vinet caroll, sisli tyson, calvin lockhart atey james aral johns varge adakaran dey naal-naal elwin ellie dee dance company duaara pardarshan curran laee natak tiaar karna shuru keeta. uss neey yoorap atey maddh purab witch shoa vee tiaar keete, jiss witch james baldwyn atey langsten hugs dey natkan dey naal-naal marlene dietreach duaara ikk sangeet samaroh daa daura vee shamal haii. sann 1968 witch, highsleep neey "soul!" banaiaa atey karajkari banaiaa.", ikk qalaa program joe kii bahut saare african amriki kalakaran atey sangeetkaran, jiven kii ashford atey simpson, roberta flake atey kavee nikki giovanni laee ikk pardarshani bann giaa. unhan neey horr peshkaran naal kujh shuruati programan toon baad shoa vee pesh keeta. ikk jeevani dey anusar, "hyzlip daa drishtikon ikk program laee see joe kaale sabheyachar dee chaudai atey vibhinnta noon pradarshit curran laee vibhinn shoa format dee varton karega. aatma" daa mission!ih siraf african amriki darshakan daa manoranjan curran laee naheen hovega, balki uhanan noon kaale sabheyachar atey kaale bhaichare dey sambhavit arthan 'teey vichaar curran laee chunhauti denna hovega jadon african amriki amrica dee smajik tabdili noon chalaa rahey sunn... "aatma!"african amriki darshakan laee kaale sabheyachar atey rajneeti dee aapni vibhinn atey sway-aalochnatmak haftavari pushti noon nishana banaun baare koee muafi naheen see, ikk ajiha samooh jiss noon pahilan aapne aap noon viaapak taur 'teey, jaan sachmuch, television' teey pesh curran daa anand naheen see miliaa.." hazlip neey 1970 witch pahile congress dey black cox dinner atey linken center witch aayojit pardarshan qalaa daa ikk 12 dinan daa tiuhar, "soul aitt dha center" varge samagman raahin african amriki sabheyachar noon sargarmi naal utshahit karna jaari rakkhiaa. 1973 witch television shoa khatam honn toon baad, jadon funding ghatt keeti gaee, uh media witch sargaram rahey. unhan neey kaale sabheyachar witch khoj laee scomberg center witch kamm daa talmel vee keeta. unhan noon 1980 dey dahake witch fefdiaan dey cancer daa pataa laggiaa see, atey firr unhan noon brain tioomar hoow giaa see. uss dee maut 1991 witch 61 saal dee umar witch jaaraj washington university medical center witch hoee. saal 2018 witch, ellis hazlip baare ikk dastavezi film daa sirlekh see "shriman. aatma!"iss noon uss dee bhatiji, film nirmata melissa hazlip duaara likhiaa, nirdeshit atey nirmit keeta giaa see.

elis hazlip elis bee. hazlip (september 21,1929-janavaree 25,1991) ekaha american-dooradarshanasy, naatyanirmaatruh, prasaarakah, aafrikan-american-samskrutyaah pravartakah cha aasit. hazlip iti dooradarshanasy vividhasya karyakramasya nirmata, nirmata, upasthaapakah cha iti prasidhah asti, "sole!". jeevanacharitram. saha washington-dee. see.-nagare janma, vardhanam cha praapnot. saha haward-vishvavidyaalaye upasthitah, yatra saha 1954 tame varshe snaatakapadaveem graheetum poorvam naatakaani, naatakapradarshaneshu cha bhaagam praptavan. saha nyuyaark-nagaram gatavaan, tathaa cha vinet-caroll, sisilee-taisan, calvin-lockhart, james-earl-johns ityaadibhih abhinetrubhihi saha naatakaani nirmaatum aarabdhavaan, tathaa cha alwyn-ailee ityasya nrutya-kampenee ityanena pradarshanani cha akarot. saha europe-madhye madhyapoorva-deshe cha pradarshanani api niramaat, yatra james baldwyn tathaa langston hyoogs ityetayoho naatakaani, tathaa cha marlene dattrich ityasya sangeeta-paryatanam cha antarbhavati. 1968 tame varshe hazlip ityanena "sole!" iti "sole!" iti "sole!" iti "sole!" iti "sole!" iti "sole!", ekaha kalaa-kaaryakramah yah ashford tathaa simpson, raberta flack, kavihi nikkee geovanni ityaadibhyah anekebhyah aafrikan-american-kalakaranam sangeetajnaanaam cha krute pradarshanam abhavat. saha anyaih prastotaabhih saha katipayeshu prarambhikakaryakraman avalambya pradarshanam api prastutavaan. ekasmin jeevanacharitrasya anusaaram, "hazlip ityasya drushtihi ekaa karyakramasya krute aasit yat krushnasamskruteh vistaaram vividhataam cha pradarshayitum vividha-pradarshana-swaroopasya upayogam karishyati. aatmaa" iti missionam.naa kevalam aafrikan-american-prekshakanam manoranjanaartham, apitu yadaa aafrikan-american-janaah amerikaadeshasy saamaajikaparivartanam praavartayan aasan, tasmin kaale krushnasamskruteh krushna-samudaayasy cha sambhaavya-arthaan chintayitum taan aavhaanam iti... "aatmaa!"aafrikan-american-prekshakebhyah krushnasamskruteh, rajanityaha cha vishaye swasya vividha-swa-vimarshaatmak-saaptaahik-drudeekaranasya laxyasya vishaye saha pashchaataaparahitah aasit, yah samoohah poorvam dooradarshanasy upari vyaapakaroopen, satyasandhatayaa vaa pratinidhitvam kartum naa prasanah aasit.." hazlip-samsthaa 1970 tame varshe prathamasya congressional-blaak-caucus-bhojanasya karyakramanam madhyamena, tathaa cha linkan-kendre aayojitasy 12-divaseeyasya pradarshana-kalanam utsave "sole att da center" ityaadyaam karyakramanam madhyamena aafrikan-american-samskrutim sakriyaroopen pravartayat. 1973 tame varshe dooradarshan-karyakramasya samaapteh anantaram, yadaa dhanasya nyunata abhavat, tadaa saha maadhyameshu sakriyah aasit. saha krushnasamskruteh anusandhanartham scomberg-kendre api samanvayam akarot. 1980 tame dashake saha fuffus-karkarogena, tatah bren-tumour ityanena cha peeditah iti nidaanam abhavat. saha 1991 tame varshe jaarj-washington-vishvavidyaalayasya chikitsaa-kendre 61 varsheeyah mrutah. 2018 tame varshe, elis hazlip ityasya vishaye "shree. aatmaa!"tasya bhaginee, chalacchitranirmaatree melissa hazlip ityetabhyam asya lekhanam, nirdeshanm, nirmaanam cha krutam.

ellis haislip ellis pii. haislip (septumber 21,1929-janavari 25,1991) oru america tholaikaatchi mattrum naadaga thayaarippaalar, oliparappaalar mattrum aaprikka america kalaachaaraththin ookkuvippaalar aavaar. haislip tholaikaatchi palvaeru nigazhchchiyin padaippaalar, thayaarippaalar mattrum thoguppaalar endru nanku ariyapattavar, "soal!". vaazhkkai varalaaru. avar washington dii. chii. yill piranthu valarnthaar. avar hovard palkalaikkazhagaththil payintraar, angku avar 1954 ill pattam peruvatharku munbu naadagangal mattrum naadaga nigazhchchigalaith thayaaritthaar. avar newyorg nagaraththirkuch sentraar, maelum vinet caroll, sisili dyson, kaalvin lockhard mattrum james earl johns poantra nadikarkaludan naadagangalaith tayaarikkath thodangkinaar, athae poal alvin eiliyin nadana niruvanaththin nigazhchchigalum. james baldwin mattrum langston hucks aagiyoarin naadagangal udpada iropa mattrum matthiya kilakkil nigazhchchigalaiyum, marlene dietrichin kacheri suttruppayanaththaiyum avar thayaaritthaar. 1968 aam aandil, haislip "soal!" endra thiraippataththai uruvaakki, nirvaaga reethiyaaga thayaariththathu."ashford mattrum simpson, rabarta flock mattrum kavignar nikki jiovanni poantra pala aaprikka america kalaignargal mattrum isaikkalainarkalukku oru kalai nigazhchchith thittam. sila aaramba nigazhchchigalukkup piragu, mattra vazhangkunargaludan avar nigazhchchiyai valangkinaar. oru suyasaridhaiyin puddy, "haislip paarvai karuppu kalaachaaraththin agalaththaiyum palvaeru thanmaiyaiyum velippaduththa palvaeru nigazhchchi vadivaththaip payanpaduththum oru thittatthirkaanathu. anma" enum panii!aaprikka america paarvaiyaalargalai magizhvikka mattumallaamal, aaprikka americkarkal americavin samooga maattraththai undhuthal aliththa neraththil karuppina kalacharam mattrum karuppina samoogaththin saathiyamaana arththangkalai sinthikka avarkalukku sawal viduvathaagum... "anma!"aaprikka america paarvaiyaalarkalukku karuppina kalacharam mattrum arasiyalaip pattriya adhan maarupatta mattrum suya vimarsana vaaraanthira uruthippaduththalai ilakkaakak kondathil mannippu ketkavillai, idhu munbu tholaikaatchiyil thannaip paravalaaka allathu unmaiyaagap paarppathil magizhchchi adaiyaatha oru kuzhuvaagum.." 1970 aam aandil muthal congressin pilaak caugus iravu unavu mattrum lingan maiyaththil nadaipettra 12 naall kalai nigazhchchiyaana "soal add thii center" poantra nigazhvugal moolam aaprikka america kalaachaaraththai haislip thodarnthu theeviramaaga ookkuviththathu. 1973ill tholaikaatchi nigazhchchi mudivadaintha piragu, nidhi kuraikkappattapoathu, avar uudakangkalil theeviramaaga irunthaar. karuppina kalaachaaraththil aaraaychchikkaaga scomberg maiyaththil avar panikalai orunginaiththaar. 1980kazhil avarukku nuraiyeeral puttrunoai iruppathu kandariyappattathu, pinnar moolaik kattiyum irunththathu. avar 1991 aam aandil, jaarj washington palkalaikkazhaga maruththuva maiyaththil, 61 vayathil iranthaar. 2018 aam aandil, ellis haislip pattriya oru aavanappadam "thiru. anma!"avarathu marumagal, thiraippadath thayaarippaalar melissa haislip ezhuthi, iyakki, thayaaritthaar.

ellis hyzelip ellis bii. hyzelip (september 21,1929-janavari 25,1991) oka american television mariyu theatrical nirmaata, broadcaster mariyu african american samskrutini prothsahinche vyakti. hyzelip television vaividhyamaina show, "soal!" srushtikarta, nirmaata mariyu hostga baga prasiddhi chendindi.". jeevita charitra. athanu washington, dii. sii loe putti perigaadu. athanu howard vishwavidhyaalayamlo chadivaadu, akkada athanu 1954loe pattabhadrudayye mundu natakalu mariyu naataka pradarsanalanu nirminchaadu. athanu newyork nagaraniki velli, winnet caroll, sisily tyson, calvin lockhart mariyu james earl johns vanti natulatho naatakaalanu nirminchadam praarambhinchaadu, alaage alwyn ailee yokka dance company pradarsanalu kooda chesaadu. athanu james baldwyn mariyu longston hyoogs naatakaalato paatu marlene dietrich kacheri paryatanatho sahaa airopa mariyu madhyapraachyamlo pradarsanalanu kooda nirminchaadu. 1968loe hyzelip "soal!" nuu srushtinchi, karyanirvahakamga utpatti chesindi."ashford mariyu simpson, raberta flack mariyu kavi nikki geovanni vanti aneka mandhi african american kalaakaarulu mariyu sangeetakaarulaku pradarsanagaa maarina oka kalala karyakramam. konni prarambha kaaryakramaala taruvaata itara samarpakulatho kalisi ayana eee pradarsananu kooda pradarsinchaaru. oka jeevita charitra prakaram, "hyzelip yokka drushti nalupu samskruti yokka vedalpu mariyu vaividhyaanni pradarsinchadaaniki vividha pradarsana aakrutini upayoginche karyakramam kosam. aatma" yokka lakshyam!idhi kevalam african american veekshakulanu vinodabharitamgaa maarchadaaniki matrame kaadu, african americanlu america yokka saamaajika parivartananu nadipistunna samayamlo nalla samskruti mariyu nallajati samajam yokka saadhyamayye ardhaalanu aalochinchamani vaarini savaalu cheyadam... "aatma!"african american veekshakulaku nalla samskruti mariyu rajakeeyaala yokka vaividhyamaina mariyu sweeya-vimarsanaatmaka varapu dhruvikarananu lakshyamgaa pettukovadam gurinchi kshamaapanalu cheppaledu, gatamlo televisionlo vistrutamgaa ledhaa nijaayiteegaa praatinidhyam vahinche aanandam laeni samuuham.." hyzelip 1970loe modati congress block caucus vindu vanti kaaryakramaala dwara african american samskrutini churukuga prothsahinchadam konasaaginchindi; mariyu linkan centerlo jarigina 12 rojula pradarsana kalala panduga "soal ett dhi center". 1973loe television show mugisina taruvaata, nidhulu tagginappudu, ayana medialo churukuga unnaaru. nalla samskrutilo parisoedhana kosam athanu scamberg centerlo panini kooda samanvayam chesaadu. 1980laloe aayanaku oopiritittula cancer unnatlu, aaa tarvaata medadu kanititoe baadhapadutunnaarani nirdhaarana ayindi. ayana 1991loe 61 samvatsaraala vayasulo georg washington vishwavidyaalaya vaidya kendramlo maraninchaaru. 2018loe, ellis hyzelip gurinchi "mister mister" anae documentary chitram vachindi. aatma!"eee chitraaniki ayana menakodalu, chitranirmaata melissa hyzelip rachana, darsakatvam mariyu nirmaanam chesaaru.

ails hyzelap ails bee. hyzelap (21 satambar 1929-25 januri 1991) eek americi teeli vision aur theater producer broadcaster aur afriqi americi saqafat kaa promoter thaa. hyzelap kuu teeli vision kay mukhtalif qasm kay show "soul!" kay takhliq kaar producer aur mezban kay toor parr jaana jaataa hay.". sawanah umri. wah washington ddee see mein paida hoay aur play badhay. inhon nay howard university mein taleem haasil kii jehaan inhon nay 1954 mein graduation karnay say pehley dramay aur theater shoz paish kiye. wah neoyork shehar chalay gayey aur venet kirol sasli taisan calone laak haart aur jaims aral jonaz jeesay adakaron kay saath saath alwan ailee kii ddaans company kii performans kay saath dramay tayaar karnaa sharoo kiye. inhon nay europ aur mashriq wastee mein shoz bhee paish kiyay jinn mein jaims baldon aur langston hewz kay dramay shaamil haine saath hyee marleen dietraich kaa eek concert torr bhee shaamil hay. 1968 mein hyzelap nay "rooh!" takhliq aur execto prodios kiyaa."yee eek arts prograam juu behat say afriqi americi funkaron aur mausiqaron jeesay ashford aur simpson rabarta fleek aur shayer nakee jewawani kay liye eek numaish bunn gayaa. inhon nay deegar paish kanandgan kay saath chand ibtadayi programon kay baad show bhee paish kiyaa. eek sawanah umri kay mutabiq "hyzelap kaa wazan eek aisey prograam kay liye thaa juu seeyah faam saqafat kii wasaat aur tanoo kuu zahir karnay kay liye mukhtalif show formate kaa istemaal karay gaa. rooh" kaa mission!yaha sarf afriqi americi nazireen kii tafrih kay liye nahein hogaa balkah inhein challenge karnaa hoga kahh wah eek aisey waqat mein seeyah faam saqafat aur seeyah faam baradari kay mamkanah maanee parr ghoor karein jabb afriqi americi america kii samaji tabdili kuu aagay badhaa rahay thay... "rooh!"afriqi americi nazireen kay liye seeyah faam saqafat aur seyasat kii apnee matnua aur khood tanqidi haftah waar tasdiq kuu nishanah bananay kay baaray mein ghair muazirat khwah thaa eek aisa grop jasay pehley khood kuu teeli vision parr wasee paimanay parr yaa sachayi say numaindagi kartay hoay dekhnay kii khushi nahein thee.." hyzelap nay 1970 mein congress kay pehley bleek kaaks dunner aur lankan center mein munaqid honay waalay performing arts kay 12 rozah melay "soul aett dee center" jeesay programon kay zariye afriqi americi saqafat kuu faal toor parr farogh deena jaari rakhaa. 1973 mein teeli vision show khatam honay kay baad jabb funding kumm how gayee tuu wah mediya mein srgarm rahay. inhon nay seeyah faam saqafat mein tehqeeq kay liye shomberg center mein kaam kuu bhee marbut kiyaa. 1980 kii dahayi mein inn kay phephadon kay cancer kii tashkhis hoyee aur phir inhein brain tumour hawaa. wah 1991 mein jaarj washington university medical center mein 61 saal kii amar mein inteqal kirr gayey. 2018 mein ails hyzelap kay baaray mein eek dastawezi film jiss kaa anwaan "mister" thaa. rooh!"asay inn kii bhanji film saaz melisa hyzelap nay likhaa hidayat kaaree kii aur prodios kiyaa.

000134d1493aa5d3c623aae39aa200b2bcaf79c8ca3f95567ed0717bd5e06229

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54958959

Swimming at the 2017 SEA Games – Men's 400 metre freestyle

Swimming at the 2017 SEA Games – Men's 400 metre freestyle The men's 400 metre freestyle competition of the swimming event at the 2017 SEA Games was held on 21 August at the National Aquatic Centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Records. Prior to this competition, the existing Asian and Games records were as follows: Results. Heats. The heats were held on 21 August. Source: Source: Source: Final. The final was held on 21 August. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

2017 sonor chi gamesot xatur-puruxor 400 mitter freestyle 2017 sonor chi gamesot xatur protijugitar puruxor 400 mitter freestyle protijugita 21 aagostot maloyesiyar kuwala lumpuror rastriyo joloj kendrot onusthito hoisil. folafol. gorom. 21 aagostot ei hitt onusthito hoisil. suranto. 21 aagostot final onusthito hoisil.

2017 saaler samudrik gamese saantaar-purushder 400 mitter freestyle 2017 saaler shee gamese purushder 400 mitter freestyle protijogita 21 august malayeshiyar kualalampur jatiya joloj kendre onusthito hoyechilo. folafol. gorom. 21shhey august eyi hitt onusthito hoy. final. 21 august final onusthito hoy.

freestyle dariyai ramatomaa tarvu-purushoni 400 meater freestyle freestyle see gamesma purushoni 400 meater freestyle spardhaa 21 augustna roj maleshiya khaatena kualalampurma raashtriy jala kendra khaate yojai hatee. parinaamo. garamee. 21 auguste aaa spardhaa yojai hatee. anteem. final 21 auguste yojai hatee.

2017 key samudri khelon mein tairaki-purushon kii 400 meater freestyle 2017 key samudri khelon mein purushon kii 400 meater freestyle tairaki pratiyogita 21 agast koo malaysia key kualalampur mein rashtriya jaleey kendra mein aayojit kii gaee thee. parinam. oonchi garmi. 21 agast koo samaroh aayojit kiye gaye they. antim. final 21 agast koo aayojit kiya gayaa thaa.

2017rahra sea gamesnalli eeju-purushara 400 meater freestyle 2017rahra sea gamesnalli purushara 400 meater freestyle spardheyannu august 21randu maleshyaada kuwala lumpurada rashtriya jala kendradalli nadesalaayitu. phalitaamshagalu. bisi. august 21randu ee spardhegalu nadedavu. antima. august 21randu final pandya nadeyitu.

2017 zee gamesil neenthal-purushanmaarude 400 meter freestail 2017 zee gamesile neenthal inathinte purushanmaarude 400 meter freestail malsaram august 21 nuu malaysiayile kuwala lumpurile deseeya jalakendrathil nadannu. phalangal. choodu. august 21naanu choodu nadannathu. avasaanatheth. august 21naanu final nadannathu.

2017chya sagari khelanmadhye pohane-purushanchi 400 meater freestyle 2017 salchya sagari khelanmadhil jaltaran spardhetil purushanchi 400 meater freestyle spardha 21 august roji maleshiyachya kuala lumpur yetheel rashtriy jaal kendra yethe aayojit karnyat aalee hotee. parinam. taap. 21 august roji heats aayojit karnyat aalya hotya. antim. antim samna 21 august roji jhaala.

sann 2017 ko samudri khelharuma paudi khelne-purushharuko 400 mitter freestyle sann 2017 ko samudri khelharuma paudi pratiyogitako purush 400 mitter freestyle pratiyogita 21 augustma malesiako kualalampurko rashtriya jaliya kendrama ayojit bhaeko thiyo. parinam. garmi. 21 augustma yo pratiyogita ayojana garieko thiyo. antim. final 21 augustma bhaeko thiyo.

2017 samudrika kreedare santarana-purush 400 mitter freestyle 2017 samudrika kreedare purush 400 mitter freestyle pratijogita august 21 ray malaysier kualalampur jatiah jalaja kendrare anusthita hoithila. phala. garam. august 21 tarikhare ehi heat ayojan karajaithila. final. august 21 tarikhare final anusthita hoithila.

2017 samundari khedan witch tairaki-purshan dee 400 meeter freestyle 2017 deeaan samundari khedan witch tairaki dey mukabale daa purshan daa 400 meeter freestyle mukabala 21 agast noon maleshia dey kualalumpur witch rashtari jall kendra witch aayojit keeta giaa see. natije. garmi. ih heat 21 agast noon aayojit keete gaye sunn. antim. final 21 agast noon hoiaa see.

2017 tame varshe samudriyakridasu neentanam-purushaanaam 400 meater freestail 2017 tame varshe samudrakreedaasu purushaanaam 400 meater-freestail-kreedaayaah swimming-spardhaa 21 august dinaanke malaysia-deshasya kuwala-lumpur-nagarasya rashtriya-jalakendre abhavat. parinamam. taapah. august 21 dinaanke heats-ayojanam abhavat. antimam. august 21 dinaanke antimam ayojanam abhavat.

2017 kadal vilaiyaattup poattikalil neechal-aangal 400 meettar freestyle 2017 kadal vilaiyaattup poattikalil neechal nigazhvin aangal 400 meettar freestyle poatti august 21 andru malaysiaavin kuwala lambooril ulla thaesiya neer maiyaththil nadaipettrathu. vilaivugal. veppangkal. august 21 andru heats nadaththappattana. iruthi. iruthip poatti august 21 andru nadaipettrathu.

2017 samudra creedalalo eetha kottadam-purushula 400 meterla freestyle 2017 sea gameslo purushula 400 meterla freestyle pootii augustu 21naa malaysialoni kuwala lumpoorloni jaateeya jala kendramlo jarigindi. phalitaalu. vaedi. augustu 21naa eee vedukalu jarigaayi. final. augustu 21naa final jarigindi.

2017 kay samandari kheelon mein teraki-mardon kii 400 metter free style 2017 kay samandari kheelon mein teraki kay muqabilay kaa mardon kaa 400 metter free style muqabilah 21 agast kuu milaishiya kay kawala lampur kay qomi aabi markaz mein munaqid hawaa. nataij. garmi. heats 21 agast kuu munaqid hoay. final. final 21 agast kuu munaqid hawaa.

00013be291b80caca7568c86b5687edf4849350abdacc650f96d5ce08924e868

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=50973110

Top goalscorer in the UEFA Champions League

Top goalscorer in the UEFA Champions League

yuu. ee. aff. aeye. champions leag mein sheersh goal karane vaalaa

yuu. eae. eff. aii. champions leegmadhye sarvadhik goal karnara kheladu

yuu. ee. eff. aii. champions leeg witch choti dey goal curran vaale

000140b82b176e51c8f94e22ecd0a2fe56f9cbdadb212536e6a9e622c4e6abba

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52070527

List of Asian cities by population within city limits

List of Asian cities by population within city limits This is a list of the largest cities in Asia ranked according to population within their city limits. It deals exclusively with the areas within city administrative boundaries (municipalities) as opposed to urban areas or metropolitan areas, which are generally larger in terms of population than the main city. The list includes cities geographically situated in Asia, using the conventional definition of its boundaries. Please note that the compiled figures are not collected at the same time in every country, or at the same level of accuracy, therefore the ranking of the cities according to their population can be misleading. Notes. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

sohoror ximar bhitorot jonoxongkhya onuxori asier sohoror talika eikhon asier brihottom sohorxomuhor ekhon talika, jibur sohoror ximar bhitorot jonoxongkhya onuxori sthan diya hoise. ee nogoriya onchol baa mohanogoriyo oncholor biporite sohoror proxaxonik xeema (pouroxobha) ror bhitoror oncholxomuhor xoite bixexbhabe kaam kore, jibur xadharonote mool sohorotkoi jonoxongkhyar khetrot dangor. talikakhonot iyar ximar poromporagot xongya byobohar kori bhougulikbhabe esiyat owosthito sohorxomuh ontorbhukto koraa hoise. onugroho kori monn koribo je xongkolit xongkhyabur protikhon dexot eke xomoyote baa eke storor xothikotat xongroho koraa nohoy, xeyehe teulukor jonoxongkhya onuxori sohorxomuhor ranking bibhrantimulok hoh 'bob paare.

shohorer seamer modhye jonosongkha anujayi eshiya shahargulir talika etty assier brihottomo shahargulir ekti talika jaa taader shohorer seamer modhye jonosongkha onusare sthan peyeche. etty shaharanchal baa mahanagar anchaler biporite shohorer proshashonik seemanar (pourosobha) modhye thaka anchalgulir saathe ekchetiabhabe kaaj korey, jaa sadharonoto prodhan shohorer tulna jonosongkhar dick theke borh. eyi talika bhougolikbhabe asia abosthito shaharguli antarbhukta royeche, jaar modhye err seemanar procholito sangya byabohar koraa hoyeche. dayaa korey money rakhben jey sangkalita porisongkhanguli protiti deshe ekoi somoye baa ekoi storer nirbhulotai sangraha koraa hoy naa, taai taader jonosongkha anujayi shahargulir ranking bibhrantikar hotey paare.

shahernee maryadama vastee anusaar aeshiyan shaheroni yaadee aaa aesheeyana sauthee motaa shaheroni yaadee chhe jeey temnee shahernee maryadama vastee anusaar kramaankit chhe. teey shaheri vistaaro athavaa mahanagar vistaaroni sarkhaamanimaa shahernee vahivati sarahado (nagarpalikao) nee andarnaa vistaaro saathe sampurnpane kaama karey chhe, jeey saamanya reete mukhya shaher karataa vasteeni drashtiae motaa hoya chhe. aaa yaadimaa bhaugolik reete aeshiyaamaa aavela shaherono samaavesh thaay chhe, jeey tenee sarahadoni paramparagat vyakhyano upyog karey chhe. maherbaani kareene nondh karoo keey sankaleet aankadao darek deshmaa aek jaj samaye athavaa choksaina samaan stare aektrit karvaamaa aavtaa nathee, tethee temnee vastee anusaar shaheronu ranking bhraamak hoi shake chhe.

shahar kii seema key bheetar jansankhya key anusaar asiai shaharon kii soochi yeh asia key sabse badey shaharon kii soochi haye joe unaki shahar seema key bheetar aabaadi key anusaar krambaddh hain. yeh vishesh roop seey shahari kshetron yaa mahanagariya kshetron key vipareet shahar kii prashaasnik seemaon (nagar paalikaon) key bheetar key kshetron seey sambandhit haye, joe aam taur parr mukhya shahar kii tulanaa mein jansankhya key mamle mein badey hotey hain. iss soochi mein bhaugolik roop seey asia mein sthit shahar shamil hain, joe isaki seemaon kii paaramparik paribhasha kaa upayog karate hain. kripaya dhyaan dein kii sankalit aankade harr desh mein ack hii samay parr yaa sateekta key samaan star parr ekatra naheen kiye jaate hain, isaliye unaki aabaadi key anusaar shaharon kii ranking bhraamak hoe sakati haye.

nagara vyaaptiyolagina jansankhyeya aadhaarada mele eshyaada nagargala patti idu tamma nagara vyaaptiyolagina jansankhyeya prakara shreyanka padeda eshyaada atidodda nagargala pattiyagide. idu nagara pradeshagalu athawa mahanagar pradeshagalige viruddhavaagi nagara aadalitada gadiyolagina pradeshagalondige (purasabhegalu) pratyekavagi vyavaharisuttade, avu samanyavagi mukhya nagarakkinta jansankhyeya drashtiyinda doddadagiruttave. ee pattiyu adara gadigala saampradaayika vyaakhyaanavannu balasikondu, bhougolikavagi eshyaadalliruva nagaragalannu olagondide. sangrahisida anki amshagalannu prati deshadallu onde samayadalli athawa nikharateya onde mattadalli sangrahisalaaguvudilla embudannu dayawittu gamanisi, aaddarinda avugala janasankhyege anugunavagi nagargala shreyankavu daaritappisabahudu.

nagaraparidikkullile janasamkhya anusarichu eshyan nagarangalude pattika nagaraparidikkullile janasamkhya anusarichu rank cheyyappetta eshyayile ettavum valia nagarangalude pattikayaanith. pradhana nagarathekkaal janasamkhyayude kaaryatthil saadhaaranayaayi valuthaya nagarapradeshangalkko metropolittan pradeshangalkko vipareethamaayi nagara bharana athirthikalkkullile (munisippaalittikal) pradesangalumaayi ithu prathyekamaayi edapedunnu. eshyayil sthithicheyyunna nagarangal athinte athirthikalude parambaraagatha nirvachanam upayogichu pattikayil ulppedunnu. samaaharicha kanakkukal ellah raajyangalilum ore samayam allengil ore alavilulla krithyathayode shekharikkunnilla ennathinaal nagarangalude janasamkhya anusarichu ranking thettidharippikkunnathu dayavaayi shradhikkuka.

shaharachya maryadet asalelya loksankhyenusar ashiyai shaharanchi yadee tyanchya shahar maryadet asalelya loksankhyenusar kramvari lavalelya aashiyatil sarvat mothya shaharanchi hii yadee aahe. mukhya shaharapeksha loksankhyechya drushtine samanyatah mothya asalelya shahari bhaganchya kinwa mahanagaranchya tulanet, heey keval shaharachya prashasakeey simanmadhil (nagarpalika) kshetranshi sambandhit aahe. yaa yadeet bhaugolikdrushtya aashiyatil shaharancha samavesh aahe, jyat tyachya simanchi paramparik vyakhya vaparali aahe. kripaya lakshat ghya qee sankalit aakadevari pratyek deshat ekach velee kinwa achookatechya samaan staravar gola kelee jaat nahee, mhanoon tyanchya loksankhyenusar shaharanchi kramvari dishabhul karnari asoo shakate.

saharko simabhitra janasankhyaanusar asealy saharharuko suchi yo asiaka sabaibhanda thula saharharuko suchi how june tiniharuko saharko sima bhitrako janasankhya anusar kramabadha garieko chha. yasale sahari khetra wa mahanagariya kshetraharuko viparit vishesh rupma saharko prashasanik sima (nagarpalika) bhitraka kshetraharusanga wyawahar gardacha, june samanyataya mukhya sahar bhanda janasankhyako hisable thulo hunchha. yass suchima bhaugolik rupma asiama awasthit saharharu samawesh chhan, yasako simaharuko paramparagat paribhasha prayog garera. kripaya dhyan dinuhos kii sankalit tathyankaharu pratyek deshma ekai samayama wa saman starko shuddhatama sankalan garindainan, tyasaile tiniharuko janasankhya anusar saharharuko shrenikaran bhramak huna sakchha.

sahara seema madhyare janasankhya anujai asiah sahargudikar talika ehaa acr sarbabruhata sahargudikar eka talika jaahaa semananka sahara seema madhyare janasankhya anujai sthana paichi. ehaa saharanchal kimba mahanagar anchala tulanare saharar prashasanika seema (municipality) madhyare thiba anchala sahita bisesh bhabare karjya kare, jaahaa sadharanatah mukhya sahara tulanare janasankhya drustiru adhika . ehi talikare ehara seemar paramparika sangyaku byabahara curry acra abasthita saharagudika antarbhukta . dajakari dhyana diantu je sankalita parisankhyana sabu deshare ekaa samajare kimba samaana starare sathikata saha sangraha karajae naahin, tenu sahargudikar janasankhya anujai manyata bibhrantikara hoipare.

shehar deeaan seemavan dey ander aabadi anusar aci shahiran dee suchi ih eshia dey sabh toon vadde shahiran dee suchi haii joe uhanan dey shehar deeaan seemavan dey ander aabadi dey anusar darja prapat haii. ih vishesh taur utte shahiri khetran jaan mahanagar khetran dey ulat shehar deeaan parshaski haddan (mioonspeltiaan) dey ander dey khetran naal najithda haii, joe aam taur utte mukkh shehar naalon aabadi dey mamle witch vadde hunde hunn. iss suchi witch bhugolik taur utte eshia witch sathit shehar shamal hunn, joe iss deeaan haddan dee ravaiti paribhasha dee varton karde hunn. kripa karke nott crow kii sanklit ankade harr desh witch ikko samein jaan shudhta dey ikko paddhar 'teey ikkathe naheen keete jaande, iss laee shahiran dee aabadi dey anusar darjabandi gumrahkun hoow sakadi haii.

nagarasimayaha antargatyah janasankhyanusaram asiadeshasya nagaranam soocheeh eshaa soochee, teshaam nagarasimayaha antargatasya janasankhyaayaah anusaaram asia-deshasya bruhattameshu nagaranam soochee asti. nagarapradeshanam vaa mahanagarakshetranam vaa viruddham, nagaraprashasanikaseemaayaah (nagarapalikaha) antah sthitanam kshetraanaam vishaye etat visheshatayaa karyam karoti, ye samanyataya mukhyanagarasy apekshayaa janasankhyaayaah drushtyaa bruhattaraah bhavanti. asya suchyam bhaugolikadrushtyaa asia-deshe sthitaah nagaraani santi, teshaam simasam paramparikavyakhyam upayujya. krupayaa drashtavyam yat sankalitaani ankaani pratyekasmin deshe ekasamaye naa sangruhyante, athavaa samaan-stare yatharthataya naa sangruhyante, ataha teshaam janasankhyanusaram nagaranam shreneekaranam bhramakam bhavitum arhati.

nagara ellaikkul ulla makkal thogai adippadaiyil aasiya nagarangalin pattiyal idhu aasiyaavin migapperiya nagarangalin pattiyal, avattrin nagara ellaikkul ulla makkalthogaiyin adippadaiyil tharavarisaippaduththappattu. idhu nagarppurangal allathu perunagarap pakuthikalukku maaraaga nagara nirvaaga ellaikalukkul (nagaraatchigal) ulla pakuthikalai piraththiyaegamaaga kaiyaalgiradhu, avai podhuvaaga mukiya nagaraththai vida makkalthogaiyin adippadaiyil periyavai. inthap pattiyalil puviyiyal reethiyaaga aasiyaavil amainthulla nagarangal adangkum, adhan ellaikalin valakkamaana varaiyaraiyaip payanpaduththukintrana. thogukkappatta pullivivarangkal ovvoru naattilum oray neraththil allathu oray alavilaana thulliyaththudan sekarikkappadavillai enbathai ninaivil kolga, enavae nagarangalin tharavarisai avarkalin makkalthogaikku aerpa thavaraaga irukkalaam.

nagara parimitullo janabha prakaram asea nagaraala jabita idhi aasiyaaloni atipedda nagaraala jabita, idhi vaari nagara parimitulloni janabha prakaram rank pondindi. idhi pattana praantaalu ledhaa metropolitan praantaalaku viruddhamgaa nagara paripalana sarihaddula (munisipaalitiilu) lopala unna praantaalatoo pratyaekamgaa vyavaharistundi, ivi saadhaaranamgaa pradhana nagaram kante janabha paramgaa peddavi. eee jaabitaalo bhougolikamgaa asealo unna nagaralu unnaayi, daani sarihaddula sampradaaya nirvachananni upayogistaayi. sankalanam chesina ganaamkaalu prati desamlo oke samayamlo ledhaa khachitatvam yokka adhe sthaayilo sekarinchabadavani dayachesi gamaninchandi, anduvalla vaari janabhanu batti nagaraala ranking tappudova pattinchedi kaavacchu.

aishiyayi shehron kii fehrist balgharb aabadi shehar kii hadood mein yaha aishya kay sabb say baday shehron kii fehrist hay juu inn kay shehar kii hadood mein aabadi kay mutabiq darjah bundi kii gayee hay. yaha shehri elaqon yaa metropolitan elaqon kay barakas khususi toor parr shehar kii intezami hadood (baldiyaat) kay andar kay elaqon say mutaliq hay juu aam toor parr aabadi kay lahaaz say markazi shehar say baday hotay haine. iss fehrist mein geografiyayi toor parr aishya mein waaqa shehar shaamil haine juu iss kii hadood kii rawayati tareef kaa istemaal kartay haine. braah karam nott karein kahh martab kardah aidaad woo shamaar harr milk mein eek hyee waqat mein yaa darastagi kii eek hyee satah parr jamaa nahein kiye jaatay haine iss liye shehron kii darjah bundi inn kii aabadi kay mutabiq gumrah kunn how sakti hay.

000143c533a03443f6c23660afb170aeb3229cbcf1294604aaccfa4a82cc869c

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73565468

Palavoor

Palavoor Village in Tamil Nadu, India Palavoor is a village in Radhapuram Taluk, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located near the coast of the Indian Ocean, about 60 kilometres south of the district seat Tirunelveli, and 14 kilometres southwest of the taluk seat Radhapuram. In 2011, the village had a total population of 17,780. Geography. Palavoor is located on the south of Vadakupathu Kulam. The National Highway 44 passes through it. The average elevation of the village is 53 metres above the sea level. Demographics. According to the 2011 Indian Census, Palavoor has 4,611 households. Among the 17,780 residents, 8,837 are male and 8,943 are female. The overall literacy rate is 79.67%, with 7,252 of the male inhabitants and 6,914 of the female inhabitants being literate. The census location code of the village is 643085. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

palabhur palabhur hoise bharotor tamilnadur tirunelveli jilaar radhapurom talukor ekhon gaau. ee bharot mohaxagoror upokulor usorot, jilaa aaxon tirunelvelir poraa pray 60 kilometer dokhyine aaru taluk aaxon radhapuromor poraa 14 kilometer dokhyin-poschime owosthito. 2011 sonot gaukhonor muth jonoxongkhya aasil 17,780 john. bhugul. palabhur bhadakupathu kulamor dokhyine owosthito. rastriyo ghaipoth 44 iyar maajere paar hoi yaay. gaukhonor gorh uschota xagorpristhor poraa 53 mitter. jonogathoni. 2011 sonor bharotiyo lukpiyol onuxori palabhurot 4,611taa poriyal aase. 17, 780 john baxindar bhitorot 8,837 john purux aaru 8,943 john mohila. xamogrik xakhyorotar haar hoise <aai. di. 1>%, zo 'too 7,252 john purux aaru 6,914 john mohila baxinda xakhyor. gaukhonor lukopiyolor owosthanor code hoise 643085.

palavur palavur bharoter tamilnadu rajyer tirunelveli jelara radhapuram taluker ekti grama. etty bharat mahasagar upokuler kachhe, zela asson tirunelveli theke pray 60 kilometres dakkhine ebong taluk asson radhapuram theke 14 kilometres dakkhin-poschime abosthito. 2011 saale, gramer moat jonosongkha chhilo 17,780 john. bhugol. palavur bhadakupathu kulamer dakkhine abosthito. jatiya mahasadak 44 err modhyo diye yaay. gramtir garh uchchota samudraprishtha theke 53 mitter. jonosongkha. 2011 saaler bharatiya jonogonona onusare, palavur 4,611tii poribar royeche. 17, 780 john basinder modhye 8,837 john purush ebong 8,943 john mohila. samogrik sakkhorotar haar holl 79.67%, jekhane 7,252 john purush basinda ebong 6,914 john mohila basinda sakkhar. gramer jonogonona abosthan code holl 643085.

palavur palavur aee bhaaratnaa tamilnadu rajyanaa tirunelveli jeellana radhapuram talukama aavelu aek gaam chhe. teey bhaarat mahasagarna dariyakantha najik, jilla bethak tirunelvelithi lagbhag 60 kilometer dakshinma aneey taluka bethak radhapuramthi 14 kilometer dakshinpashchim stheet chhe. varsh varsh aaa gaamnee coole vastee 17,780 hatee. bhugol. palavoor vadaakupathu koolamni dakshinma aavelu chhe. raashtriy dhorimaarg 44 temathi pasaar thaay chhe. aaa gaamnee sarerash unchai dariyani sapatithi 53 meater chhe. vastee vishhayak. vishhayak bhaartiy vastee ganatari anusaar, palvurma 4,611 gharo chhe. 17, 780 rahevasiomathi 8,837 purusho aneey 8,943 maheelao chhe. coole saksharta darr 79.67% chhe, jemaa 7,252 purush rahevasio aneey 6,914 maheela rahevasio sakshar chhe. gaamno vastee ganatari sthaan qoda 643085 chhe.

palavur palavur bhaarat key tamilanadu raajya key tirunelveli zile mein sthit ack gaanv haye. yeh bhaarat mahasagar key tata key paas, jilaa seat tirunelveli seey lagbhag 60 kilometres dakshin mein aur taluk seat radhamapuram seey 14 kilometres dakshin-paschim mein sthit haye. 2011 mein, gaanv kii kull jansankhya 17,780 thee. bhugol. palavur vadakupathu kulam key dakshin mein sthit haye. rashtriya rajmarg 44 isake madhyam seey gujarta haye. gaanv kii ausat oonchaai samudra tala seey 53 meater haye. jansankhyiki. 2011 kii bhaaratiya janganana key anusaar, palavur mein 4,611 ghar hain. 17, 780 nivaasiyon mein seey 8,837 purush aur 8,943 mahilaaen hain. kull saksharta darr 79.67% haye, jisamen 7,252 purush nivasi aur 6,914 mahila nivasi sakshar hain. gaanv kaa janganana sthaan code 643085 haye.

palavur palavur bhaaratada tamilunaadina tirunelveli jilleya radhapuram taallookina ondu graamavaagide. idu hindoo mahaasaagarada karavaliya bully, jilla pithavaada tirunelveliyinda dakshinakke sumaru 60 kilometer dooradallide mattu taallooku pithavaada radhapuramninda nairtyakke 14 kilometer dooradallide. dooradallide, ee graamada ottu janasankhyeyu 17,780 aagittu. bhougolika. palavuru vadakupathu kulamna dakshinadallide. rashtriya heddaari 44 idara moolaka haaduhoguttade. graamada sarasari ettaravu samudra mattadinda 53 meater aagide. janasankhyaashaastra. 2011rahra bhaaratiya janaganatiya prakara, palavoorinalli 4,611 manegalive. 17, 780 nivasigalalli 8,837 purusharu mattu 8,943 mahileyaru. ottare saaksharateya pramanavu% kkinta kadime iddu, 7,252 purusha nivasigalu mattu 6,914 mahila nivasigalu sakshararagiddare. graamada janaganatiya sthala sanketa 643085 aagide.

palavoor indiayile thamizhnaattile tirunelveli jillayile radhapuram thaalookkile oru graamamaan palavoor. indian mahaasamudrathinte theerathinadutthaayi, jilla aasthaanamaaya thirunelveliyil ninnu 60 kilometer thekkum, taluk aasthaanamaaya raadhaapurathin 14 kilometer thekkupadinjaarumaanu ithu sthithi cheiyunnathu. 2011ll graamatthile aake janasamkhya 17,780 aayirunnu. bhoomishaasthram. vadakkuppathu kulatthinu thekk bhagathaanu palavoor sthithi cheiyunnathu. deseeya paatha 44 ithiloode kadannupokunnu. samudranirappil ninnu 53 meter uyarathilaanu graamatthinte sharashari uyaram. janasamkhyaashaasthram. 2011leeii indian sensus prakaram paalavooril 4,611 veedukalundu. 17, 780 nivaasikalil 8,837 perr purushanmaarum 8,943 perr sthreekalum aanu. motham saaksharata nirakk <aii. dii. 1>% aanu, 7,252 purusha nivaasikalum 6,914 vanita nivaasikalum saaksharathayullavaraanu. graamatthinte sensus lokkeshan coode 643085 aanu.

palavur palavur heey bharatachya tamilanadu rajyatil tirunelveli jilhyatil radhapuram talukyatil eka gaav aahe. heey hind mahasagarachya mahasagarachya, tirunelveli jilhyachya dakshines sumare 60 kilometervar aanee radhampuram talukyachya nairutyela 14 kilometervar aahe. 2011 madhye gavachi ekoon loksankhya 17,780 hotee. bhoogol. palavur heey vadakupathu kulamchya dakshines aahe. rashtriy mahamarg 44 yatoon jaato. gavachi sarasari unchi samudraspatipasun 53 meater aahe. loksankhyashastra. 2011 chya bharatiy jangananenusar, palavurmadhye 4,611 ghare aahet. 17, 780 rahivashanpaiki 8,837 purush aanee 8,943 mahila aahet. ekoon saksharatecha darr 79.67% aahe, jyamadhye 7,252 purush rahivasi aanee 6,914 mahila rahivasi sakshar aahet. gavachi janganana sthan sanhita 643085 aahe.

palawur palawur bharatko tamilnaduko tirunelweli jillako radhapuram talukko euta gaaun how. yo hind mahasagarko tata najikai, zilla sitt tirunelwelibata lagbhag 60 kilometer dakshinma rar taluk sitt radhapurambata 14 kilometer dakshinapashchimma awasthit chha. sann 2011 maa, gaaunko kull janasankhya 17,780 thiyo. bhugol. palawur vadakupathu kulamko dakshinma awasthit chha. rashtriya rajmarg 44 yasabata bagchha. gaaunko ausat uchai samudra satahabata 53 mitter chha. janasankhyiki. sann 2011 ko bharatiya janaganaanusar, palawurma 4,611 gharharu chhan. 17, 780 basindamadhe 8,837 zana purush rar 8,943 zana mahila chhan. samagra saksharta darr 79.67% chha, jasma 7,252 purush basinda rar 6,914 mahila basinda sakshar chhan. gaaunko janagana sthan code 643085 how.

palabhur palabhur heuchhi bharatara tamilanadu rajyara tirunelabheli jillara radhapuram talukar eka gramm. ehaa bharat mahasagar upakula nikatare, zillah aasana tirunelabheli thaaru praiah 60 kilometer dakhinare ebong taluk aasana radhapuram thaaru 14 kilometer dakhina-paschimare abasthita. 2011 masihare, ehi gaanra mote janasankhya 17,780 thila. bhugol. palbhur badakupathu kulamar dakhinare abasthita. jatiah rajpath 44 ehaa dei jaithae. ehi gaanra harahari uchchata samudra pattanatharu 53 mitter. janasankhyika. 2011 masihar bharatiah janganana anujai, palabhurare palabhurare paribara rahichhi. 17, 780 john basindanka madhyare 8,837 john purush ebong 8,943 john mahila achanti. mote sakhyarata haara heuchhi <aai. dii. 1>%, jeunthire 7,252 john purush basinda ebong 6,914 john mahila basinda sakhyara. gaanra janganana sthana code heuchhi 643085.

palavur palavur bharat dey tamilnadu raaj dey tirunelveli zilhe dey radhapuram taluk daa ikk pind haii. ih hind mahansagar dey tatt dey nede, zilha seet tirunelveli toon lagbhag 60 kilometer dakkhan witch atey taluk seet radhapuram toon 14 kilometer dakkhan-pachham witch sathit haii. saal 2011 witch pind dee kull aabadi 17,780 see. bhugol. palavur vadakupthu kulam dey dakkhan witch sathit haii. rashtari rajmarg 44 iss vicchon langhda haii. pind dee ausat uchaee samunder tall toon 53 meeter haii. jansankhiaa. 2011 dee bharti mardamshumari dey anusar, palavur witch 4,611 gharr hunn. 17, 780 vasnikan vicchon 8,837 marad atey 8,943 aurtan hunn. kull sakharta darr 79.67% haii, jiss witch 7,252 purash vasneek atey 6,914 mahila vasneek padhe likhe hunn. pind daa mardamshumari sathaan code 643085 haii.

paalaavoorah palaavoor bharatasya tamilunaadu-rajyasya tirunelveli-mandalasya radhapuram-talukasya ekaha graamah asti. ayam bharatamahasagarasya tatasya sameepe, mandalasya asanasya dakshinadishi praayah 60 kilometer doore, tirunelavelee-nagarasya dakshinadishi, talukasya asanasya radhamandirasya dakshinapaschimadishi 14 kilometer doore cha sthitah asti. 2011 tame varshe asya gramasya kulajanasankhya 17,780 aasit. bhoogolah. palaavoor-nagaram vadakupattu-kulam ityasya dakshinadishi sthitam asti. 44 iti rashtriyarajamargaha tena saha gacchati. asya gramasya ausata-oordhvataa samudratalaat 53 meater-parimitam asti. janasaamkhyikee. 2011 tamavarshasya bharatiyagananayaha anusaaram paalavoor-nagare 4,611 gruhaani santi. 17, 780 nivaaseshu 8,837 purushaah, 8,943 mahilaah cha santi. samagra-saksharata-daraha 79.67% asti, yatra 7,252 purushaah nivaasinah, 6,914 mahilaa-nivaasinah cha saaksharah santi. gramasya janaganana-sthana-sanketah 643085 asti.

palavur palavur enbathu inthiyaavin tamilnadu maanilaththil thirunelveli maavattaththil ulla radhapuram vattaththil ulla oru kiraamamaagum. idhu inthiyap perungkadalin kadarkaraikku arugil, thirunelveli mavattath thalaimaiyagaththirku therkae sumar 60 kilometer tholaivilum, radhapuram vattath thalaimaiyagaththirku thenmaerkae 14 kilometer tholaivilum amainthullathu. 2011aam aandil, inththa kiraamaththin moththa makkal thogai 17,780 aagum. puviyiyal. palavur vadaguppaththu kulaththin therkae amainthullathu. thaesiya nedunjaalai 44 idhan vazhiyaaga selkirathu. inththa kiraamaththin sarasari uyaram kadal mattaththilirunthu 53 meettar aagum. makkalthogai. 2011 inthiya makkal thogai kanakkeduppinpadi, paalavooril 4,611 kudumbangal ullana. 17, 780 kudiyiruppaalargalil, 8,837 paer aangal mattrum 8,943 paer penkal aavar. moththa kalviyarivu vigitham 79.67% aagum, idhil 7,252 aangal mattrum 6,914 penkal kalviyarivu pettrullanar. kiraamaththin makkal thogai kanakkeduppu iruppidak kuriyeedu 643085 aagum.

palavur palavur bharatadesamloni tamilanadu raashtramloni tirunelveli jilla, radhapuram taaluukaalooni oka graamam. idhi hinduu mahasamudra tiiraaniki sameepamlo, jilla peetham tirunelveliki dakshinaana 60 kilometres dhooramlo, mariyu taaluukaaku nairuti disalo radhamurtho 14 kilometres dhooramlo undhi. 2011loe eee graamamlo mottam janabha 17,780 mandhi unnaaru. bhougolikam. palavur vadakupathu kulaniki dakshinaana undhi. jaateeya rahadari 44 dheeni gundaa velutundi. eee graamam sagatu etthu samudra mattaniki 53 meterlu. janabha. 2011 bhaarata janabha lekkala prakaram, palavurlo 4,611 gruhalu unnaayi. 17, 780 mandhi nivaasitulaloo 8,837 mandhi purushulu mariyu 8,943 mandhi mahilalu unnaaru. mottam aksharaasyata raetu 79.67%, indulo 7,252 mandhi purushulu mariyu 6,914 mandhi mahilaa nivaasulu aksharaasyata kaligi unnaaru. graamam yokka janabha lekkala sthaana code 643085.

plor plor bhaarat kay taamil naado kay zalaa taronil veeli kay raadha poram taluqah kaa eek gaaon hay. yaha bahar hund kay saahil kay qareeb zalaa kii nashast taronil veeli say taqriba 60 chlometer janub mein aur taluqah kii nashast raadha poram say 14 chlometer janub maghrab mein waaqa hay. 2011 mein iss gaaon kii kill aabadi 17,780 thee. geografiya. plor vadkopatho colum kay janub mein waaqa hay. qomi shahrah 44 iss say guzarti hay. gaaon kii ausat bulandi satah samandar say 53 metter hay. aabadi. 2011 kii hindustani mardam shumari kay mutabiq plor mein 4,611 gahar haine. 17, 780 baashindon mein say 8,837 mard aur 8,943 khwatin haine. majmuyi khwandagi kii sharah 79.67% hay jiss mein 7,252 mard baashinde aur 6,914 khwatin baashinde khwandah haine. gaaon kaa mardam shumari kaa location code 643085 hay.

0001463cb67aec3a89f3d30984b2c19f4007e6a45688e4f7065c898478a49fad

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=461657

The Decline of Western Civilization

The Decline of Western Civilization 1980 film by Penelope Spheeris The Decline of Western Civilization is a 1981 American documentary filmed through 1979 and 1980. The movie is about the Los Angeles punk rock scene and was directed by Penelope Spheeris. In 1981, the LAPD Chief of Police Daryl Gates wrote a letter demanding the film not be shown again in the city. The film's title is possibly a reference to music critic Lester Bangs' 1970 two-part review of the Stooges' album "Fun House", for "Creem" magazine, where Bangs quotes a friend who had said the popularity of the Stooges signaled "the decline of Western civilization". Another possibility is that the title refers to Darby Crash's reading of Oswald Spengler's "Der Untergang des Abendlandes" ("The Decline of the West"). In "We Got the Neutron Bomb", an oral history of the L.A. punk rock scene collected by Marc Spitz, Claude Bessy aka: Kickboy, claims that he came up with the title. The film is the opening act of a trilogy by Spheeris, depicting music scenes in Los Angeles during the late 20th century. The second film, "" (1988), covers the Los Angeles heavy metal scene of 1987–1988. The third film, "The Decline of Western Civilization Part III" (1998), chronicles the gutter punk lifestyle of homeless teenagers in the late 1990s. In 2016, "The Decline of Western Civilization" was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry, being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". Plot. Featuring concert footage of Los Angeles punk bands and interviews both with band members, the publishers of "Slash" fanzine, and with the punks who made up their audience, the film offers a look into a subculture that was largely ignored by the rock music press of the time. The promotional poster for "The Decline" (and the record cover of the soundtrack album) featured a close-up frame of Germs singer Darby Crash supine on stage with his eyes closed. Crash died from a heroin-induced suicide shortly before the film was released (the poster was designed before his death). Bands included are Black Flag, Germs, X, Alice Bag Band, the Circle Jerks, Catholic Discipline, and Fear. The Germs' performance was replicated in the 2007 Darby Crash biopic "What We Do Is Secret". Soundtrack. The soundtrack was released in December 1980 by Slash Records on LP. In the late 1990s it was released on CD as well. Germs singer Darby Crash appears on the soundtrack album cover. He died shortly before the film was released, though the promotional images for the film and album release had been designed before his death. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

poschimiya xobhyotar poton poschimiya xobhyotar owonoti hoise 1979 aaru 1980 sonor bhitorot sitrogrohon koraa 1981 sonor aamerikan tothyositro. solositrokhon los angeles pank rok drishyor bixoye aaru penelup sfirise porisalona korisil. 1981 sonot aarokhyir laped prodhan daril gatese ekhon potro likhi sobikhon punor sohorkhonot prodorxon nokoriboloi daabi jonaisil. sobikhonor xirunamtu xombhobotoh xongit xomalusok lester bengjor 1970 sonor "kreem" alusonir baabe "faan house" elbamor dutaa ongxor porzaluchonar proxongo, zo 'too bengje ejon bondhur uddhriti diye jiye koichil je "poschimiya xobhyotar owonoti" ror ingito disil. aan etaa xombhawona hoh "lo je xirunamtuwe darbi kreswar oh" souald spengleror "der untergang des abendlands" ("poschimor owonoti") porhar kotha bujay. aami neutron buma paisu", el-ror etaa moukhik itihax.e. mark spitz, cloud besi urofeh kikboye xongroho koraa pank rok drishyot daabi koraa hoise je teu xirunamtur xoite aahisil. solositrokhon hoise spirisor trilojir aarombhoni obhinoy, zo 'too 20 xotikar xexor faale los angelsot xongitor drishyo sitrito koraa hoisil. dwitiyokhon sobi, "(1988)-e 1987-1988 ror los angeles havy metal drishyok xamori loiche. tritiyokhon sobi," dyo decrain owo western celization part III "(1998)-e 1990-ror doxokor xexor faale grihohin kixur-kixurixokolor nolaa-panir pank jiwanxoilir kahini rosona korise. 2016 sonot, "poschimiya xobhyotar owonoti" ror baabe aamerika juktorastror rastriyo solositro rejistrit xongrokhyonor baabe congressor puthibhorale basoni korisil, jaak "xangoskritik, oitihaxik baa nandonikbhabe guruttopurno" buli gonyo koraa hoisil. plot. los angeles pank bendor concert phutej aaru bendor xodosyo, "chess" fenzinor prokaxok, aaru teulukor dorxokxokolok gothon koraa pankoxokolor xoite xakhyatkar kori, solositrokhone ek upoxongskritir uporot ek aabhax prodan kore jaak xei xomoyor rok music presoi bohulangxe upekhya korisil. dyo decline" ror prosarmulok posterot (aaru soundtrack elbamor record proschod) soku bondho kori monchot jiwanur gayok darbi cress supainor ek close-aap frame dekhuuwa hoisil. sobikhon mukti puwar kichu xomoyor aagote herr "inn-prorusito aatmohoityar folot durghotonatur mrityu hoisil (postertu teur mrityur aagote design koraa hoisil). iyar bhitorot aase koo 'laa potaka, jiwanu, ex, elix begg bendo, brittiyo jhakuni, ketholik onuxaxon aaru bhoy. 2007 sonor darbi cress bayupik "aami ki koru xeitu gupon" too jiwanur prodorxonor protilipi koraa hoisil. soundtrack. soundtractu 1980 sonor disembor maahot el. pi. too slesh recordor dwara mukoli koraa hoisil. 1990-ror doxokor xexor faale iyak chi. di.-teu mukoli koraa hoisil. jiwanur gayok darbi kreswo soundtrack elbamor proschodpotot dekha yaay. sobikhon mukti puwar kichu xomoyor aagote teur mrityu hoisil, jodiu sobikhon aaru elbam muktir prosarmulok sobibur teur mrityur aagote design koraa hoisil.

paschatto sabhyatar poton poschima sabhyatar poton holl 1981 saaler ekti markin tothyochitro jaa 1979 ebong 1980 saale chitrayit hoyechilo. cholochchitroti loss angeles punk rock drishya somporke ebong penelope sphiris dwara porichalito hoyechilo. 1981 saale, lapdie pulish prodhan daryl gates ekti chitthi likhechilen jey cholochchitroti shohore arr dekhano hobey naa. cholochchitrotir shironam sombhoboto sangeet somalochok lester byangser 1970 saaler dui ongsher porjalochona, "crim" magaziner jonno stuges-err album "phaan house"-err ekti reference, jekhane bangs eka bondhuke uddhrito korechen jini bolechilen jey stuges-err janapriyata "poschima sabhyatar potoner" ingito deyo. arekti sombhabona holl jey shironamti oswald spengler "daar untergang days abendlandes" ("poschimer poton") darby crasher pathke bojhai. amra neutron boma peyechilam", ell-err ekti moukhik itihas.ayee. marqa spitz, clode bessie orofe kickboy dwara sangrihito punk rock drishya daabi korey jey tini shironamti niye esechilen. cholochchitroti 20 shotoker shesher dike loss angeleser sangeet drishya chitrito korey sphiriser ekti trayir udwodhoni abhinoy. dwitiya cholochchitro, "(1988), loss angeleser heavy metal drishyoke cover korey 1987-1988. tritiya cholochchitro," dya decline off western civilization parta III "(1998), 1990-err doshoker shesher dike grihohin kishore-kishorider nordomar punk jeebonjatrar itihas bornona korey. 2016 saale, "poschima sabhyatar poton" markin juktorashtrer jatiya cholochchitro registryte sanrakkhaner jonno congresser gronthagar dwara nirbachito hoyechilo, jaa "sangoskritik, oitihasik baa nandonikbhabe guruttopurno" boley bibechito hoyechilo. plot. loss angeles punk bandgulir concert footage ebong banned sadasyader saathe sakkhatkar, "slash" fanginer prokashok ebong taader shrotader toiri koraa pankgulir saathe, cholochchitroti ekti uposongskriti somporke ekti chehara deyo jaa seii somoyer rock sangeet presha dwara mulat upekkha koraa hoyechilo. dya decline"-err procharmulok postere (ebong soundtrack albumer record prochchode) jeebanu gayak darby crash supiner ekti close-up frame dekhano hoyechilo. cholochchitroti mukti pawar kichudin agey heroin-prorochito attohottar karone durghatanati maaraa yaay (posterti taar mrityur agey design koraa hoyechilo). err modhye royeche kaalo potaka, jeebanu, eksa, allis byag banned, brittakar jhankuni, catholic srinkhala ebong bhoy. 2007 saaler darby crash bayopike jibanugulir abhinoy protilipi koraa hoyechilo "amra jaa corry taa gopon". soundtrack. soundtracti 1980 saaler decembere ell. pii-teey slash record dwara mukti paay. 1990-err doshoker shesher dike etty siditeo mukti paay. jeebanu gayak darby crash soundtrack albumer prochchode uposthito hoy. cholochchitroti mukti pawar kichudin agey tini maaraa zaan, jodio cholochchitro ebong album muktir procharmulok chhabiguli taanr mrityur agey design koraa hoyechilo.

pashchimi sanskrutino patan pashchimi sanskrutino ghataado aee 1981nee american dastaveji film chhe jeey 1979 aneey 1980maan filmavvama aavee hatee. aaa film losa angels punk roqa drashya vishe chhe aneey tenu nirdeshan panelope spheris dwara karvaamaa aavyu hatoo. 1981maan, police vadaa daryl gatese aek patra lakheene shaherma fareethi film naa bataavvaani maang curry hatee. filmnun sheershak sambhavatah sangeet vivechak lester bangsnee 1970nee "cream" magazine maate stoojisnaa album "phana house" nee beey bhagni samikshaano sandarbh chhe, jyaan bengs aek meetrane taanke chhe jene kahyoo hatoo keey stoojisni lokpriyataa "pashchimi sanskrutinaa patan" noow sanket aape chhe. beejee shakyata aee chhe keey sheershak oswald spanglernaa "dair untergang days abendlandis" ("pashchimno ghataado") naa darby crash vaanchanno sandarbh aape chhe. aapanne neutron bomb malyo", aela noow maukheek itihas.aee. marqa spitz, claude besee urfeh kickboy dwara aektrit punk roqa drashya daavo karey chhe keey teey sheershak saathe aavyo hato. aaa film sphirisni trayini praarambhik bhoomika chhe, jemaa 20mee sadeena antamaa losa angelsmaa sangeetnaa drashyo darshavvama aavyaa chhe. beejee film, "(1988), losa angels havy metal drashyane aavari leey chhe. triji film," dhaa decline off westarn civilisation paart III "(1998), 1990 naa daykana antamaa beghar kishoroni gutter punk jeevanshailinu varnan karey chhe. 2016maan, "pashchimi sanskrutino ghataado" united states national film rajistrimaa jaalvani maate library off congress dwara pasand karvaamaa aavyo hato, jene "saanskrutik, aitihasik athavaa saundaryani drashtiae nondhpaatra" manvama aave chhe. plooat. losa angelis punk bendnaa sangeet kaarykramna footage aneey bendnaa sabhyo, "slash" fenzinna prakashako aneey temnaa prexako saathe jodaayela punks saathe interview darshaavati aaa film aek aevee upasanskruti parr aek najar aape chhe jene teey samaynaa roqa music presa dwara motaabhaage avganvama aavee hatee. dhaa decline" (aneey soundtrack aalbamnu reqorda cover) naa prachaar posterma jantuona gaayak darby crash supeenni close-up frame darshavvama aavee hatee, jeey tenee aankho bundh kareene stage parr hatee. film rajoo thaay teey pahelaa tarat jaj heroin-prereet aatmahatyathi akasmaatnu mrutyu thayu hatoo (poster temnaa mrutyu pahelaa design karvaamaa aavyu hatoo). temaa black flagg, jantuo, ex, ellis bagg benned, circle jerk, ketholik sheest aneey bhayno samaavesh thaay chhe. 2007maan darby crash biopic "amey jeey kareeae chhiae teey goopt chhe" maan jantuona pradarshanni nakal karvaamaa aavee hatee. soundtrack. soundtrack december 1980maan aela. pii. parr slash records dwara rajoo karvaamaa aavyu hatoo. 1990naa daykana antamaa teey seedee parr pann rajoo karvaamaa aavee hatee. jantu gaayak darby crash soundtrack aalbamna cover parr dekhaay chhe. film rajoo thaay teey pahelaa jaj temnu avsaan thayu hatoo, joke film aneey album release maate pracharatmak chhabio temnaa mrutyu pahelaa taiyar karvaamaa aavee hatee.

paschimi sabhyata kaa patan paschimi sabhyata kaa patan ack 1981 kii americi vrittachitra haye jise 1979 aur 1980 key madhyam seey filmaya gayaa haye. yeh film loss angils punk rock drishya key baare mein haye aur iska nirdeshan penelope speeris ney kiya thaa. 1981 mein, lapped pulis pramukh daryl gates ney ack patra likhaa jisamen shahar mein film koo phir seey naheen dikhaane kii maang kii gaee thee. film kaa sheershak sambhavatah sangeet sameekshak lester bangs kii 1970 kii dou-bhaag vaali sameeksha key sandarbh mein haye, jisamen "cream" patrika key liye stooges key album "funn house" kii sameeksha kii gaee thee, jahaan bangs ney ack dost koo uddhrit kiya thaa jisane kahaa thaa kii stooges kii lokpriyata ney "paschimi sabhyata key patan" kaa sanket diyaa thaa. ack aur sambhavana yeh haye kii sheershak auswald spengler key "dair untergang days abendlands" ("paschim kaa patan") key darby crashes key padhane koo sandarbhit kartaa haye. hamein neutron bumm milaa", ell kaa ack maukhik itihas.aeye. maark spitz dwara ekatra punk rock drishya, clod besi urfah kickboy, kaa daavaa haye kii vaha sheershak key saath aaya thaa. yeh film 20veen shatabdi key anta mein loss angils mein sangeet drishyon koo darshaane vaali speeris kii trayi kaa praarambhik kaary haye. doosari film, "(1988)," aaee. dee. 1 ". kii loss angils havy metal drishya koo cover karati haye. teesari film," paschimi sabhyata kaa patan bhaag III "(1998), 1990 key dashak key anta mein beghar kishoron kii gutter punk jeevan shally kaa varnan karati haye. 2016 mein, "paschimi sabhyata kaa patan" koo sanyukt raajya america kii rashtriya film registry mein sanrakshan key liye congress key pustakalaya dwara chunaa gayaa thaa, jise "saanskritik, aitihaasik yaa saundarya kii drishti seey mahatvapurna" maanaa jaa rhaa thaa. plot. loss angils punk baind key sangeet karyakram key footage aur baind key sadasyon, "slash" fanzine key prakashakon aur apane darshakon koo banaane vaale punks donon key saath sakshatkar kii visheshta vaali, film ack upasanskriti parr ack nazar daalati haye jise usa samay key rock sangeet press dwara kaafee hudd taka nazarandaj curr diyaa gayaa thaa. girawat" (aur soundtrack album key record cover) key prachaar poster mein keetanu gaayak darby kii ack close-upp frame dikhaai gaee, joe apani aankhen bund karke munch parr supeen hoe gayaa. film key release honey seey kuchh samay pahale hii heroin seey prerit aatmahatya seey durghatana kii mrityu hoe gaee (poster unaki mrityu seey pahale banaaya gayaa thaa). baind mein kaalaa jhanda, keetanu, aiks, ellis bagg baind, circle jerk, catholic anushasana aur bhaya shamil hain. 2007 kii darby crashes biopic mein keetanuon key pradarshan koo dohraya gayaa thaa "humm kyaa karate hain yeh gupt haye. soundtrack. soundtrack koo disambar 1980 mein ell. pee. parr slash record dwara jaari kiya gayaa thaa. 1990 key dashak key anta mein ise cd parr bhee jaari kiya gayaa thaa. roganu gaayak darby crashes soundtrack album key cover parr dikhaai detaa haye. film key release honey seey kuchh samay pahale unaki mrityu hoe gaee, haalaanki film aur album release key liye prachaar chhaviyaan unaki mrityu seey pahale design kii gaee theen.

pashchimatya nagarikateya avanati pashchatya nagarikateya avanati 1981rahra american sakshyachitravagiddu, 1979 mattu 1980rahra avadhiyalli chitrikarisalagide. ee chalanachitravu laas angelies punk rock drashyada bagge mattu penelope spheries nirdeshisiddare. nirdeshisiddare, lapped police mukhyastha daryl gates ee chalanachitravannu matte nagaradalli pradarshisabaaradu endu ottayisi patravondannu baredaru. chalanachitrada shirshikeyu bahushah sangeeta vimarshaka lester bangs avara 1970 rahra eradu bhagagala vimarsheyannu ullekhisuttade, idu "cream" niyatakaalikeya stoojesna album "funn house" naa vimarsheyaagide, allie bangs sneehitanobbanannu ullekhisi, stoojesna janapriyateyu "pashchimatya nagarikateya avanatiyannu" soochisuttade endu heliddaare. mattondu saadhyateyendare, shirshikeyu oswald spengler avara "derr untergang dess abendlands" ("pashchimada avanati") annu darby crash oduvudannu soochisuttade. naavu neutron bomb annu padedukondiddeve", idu ell naa moukhika itihaasavaagide.aa. maark spitz sangrahisida punk rock drashya, claud bessie akah kickboy, avaru shirshikeyondige bandaru endu helikolluttaare. ee chalanachitravu 20neey shatamaanada koneyalli laas angelisnallina sangeeta drashyagalannu chithrisuva speerisna trikonada arambhika chitravagide. eradane chitra, "(1988), laas angelies heavy metal drashyavannu olagondide. moorane chitra," dhii desaine off western civilisation paart III "(1998), 1990 rahra dashakada antyadalli maneyillada hadihareyadavara gutter punk jivanashailiyannu niroopisuttade. niroopisuttade, "pashchimatya nagarikateya avanati" yannu united statesna rashtriya chalanachitra nondaniyalli samrakshanegaagi library off congress ayke maaditu, idannu "saamskrutikavaagi, aitihaasikavaagi athawa kalatmakavagi mahatvaddagide" endu pariganisalaagide. plat. laas angelies punk byandgala sangeeta kachheri tunukugalu mattu byaand sadasyaru, "slash" fangine prakashakaru mattu avara prekshakarannu roopisida pankgalondige sandarshanagalannu olagondiruva ee chalanachitravu, aaa kaalada rock sangeeta madhyamagalu hechchaagi nirlakshisidda upasamskrutige ondu notavannu niiduttade. dhii design" naa prachaarada posternalli (mattu dhwanipatha albumna dhwanimudrana mukhaputa) sookshmajeevigala gayaka darby crash supain avara kannannu mucchikondu vedikeyalli closs-up frame annu olagondittu. chitra bidugadeyaguva swalpa samayada modalu heraine-prerita aatmahatyeyinda apaghaatavu saavannappitu (aatana saavina modalu bhittipatravannu vinyaasagolisalaagittu). kappu dhwaja, sookshmajeevigalu, ex, alis byag byaand, circle jerks, catholic shistu mattu bhaya ivu byandgalannu olagondive. 2007rahra darby crash biopic "naavu enu maadutteve embudu rahasyavagide" nalli sookshmaanugala pradarshanavannu punaraavartisalaagide. soundtrack. dhwanipathawannu 1980rahra decembernalli elpiyalli slash rekaardgalinda bidugade maadalaayitu. 1990rahra dashakada koneyalli idu sii. dii. yalloo bidugadeyaayitu. sookshmajeevigala gayaka darby crash dhwanipathada albumna mukhaputadalli kanisikolluttane. chalanachitra mattu album bidugadeya prachaarada chitragalannu avara maranada modalu vinyaasagolisalaagiddaru, chalanachitravu bidugadeyaguva swalpa samayada modalu avaru nidhanaraadaru.

paashchaathya naagarikathayude thakarcha 1979lum 1980lum chithreekaricha 1981leeii american dokyumentariyaanu paashchaathya naagarikathayude thakarcha. loss enchals pank roock ramgathekkurichulla eee chithram penelope spheris samvidaanam cheythu. 1981ll police medhavi daaril gates chithram veendum nagaratthil pradarshippikkaruthennu aavasyappettu oru kathu ezhuthi. cream" maasikaykkaayi sangeetha niroopakanaaya lesttar bangs 1970 ll stoojasinte aalbam "phann house" ennathinekkurichulla rund bhaagangalulla avalokanathe paraamarsikkunna chithratthinte peru, stoojukalude janapreeti "paashchaathya naagarikathayude thakarcha" soochippikkunnuvennu paranja oru suhruthine bangs udharikkunnu. mattoru saadhyatha, ooswald spenglerude "derr untergang dess abendlands" ("padinjaarinte thakarcha") darby crash vaayichathine soochippikkunnathaanu eee thalakkett. namukk nyootron bomb labhichu", ell-nte vaakkalulla charithram.eiii. maarkk spitts shekharicha pank roock rangam, claude besi athawah kickboy, thaan eee thalakkett konduvannathayi avakaashappedunnu. irupathaam noottaandinte avasaanathil loss enjalsile sangeetha ramgangal chithreekarikkunna spheerisinte oru thrayam aadyachithramaanu eee chithram. randaamathe chithramaaya "(1988)," aii. dii. 1 "enna loss enchals hevi mettal rangam ulkkollunnu. moonnaamathe chithramaaya" paashchaathya naagarikathayude thakarcha bhagam III "(1998), 1990 kalude avasaanathil bhavanarahitharaya kaumaarakkaarude gutter pank jeevitashailiye vivarikkunnu. 2016ll, "saamskaarikamaayum charitraparamaayum soundaryaparamaayum praadhaanyamulla" onnaayi kanakkaakkappedunna american aikyanaadukalile deseeya chalachithra rajistriyile samrakshanathinaayi library oof kongras "paashchaathya naagarikathayude thakarcha" thiranjedutthu. plott. loss enchals pank baandukalude kacheri drishyangalum baand amgangal, "slash" fancin prasadhakar, avarude prekshakaraaya panchukal ennivarumaayulla abhimukhangalum ulkkollunna eee chithram akkaalathe roock music pras valia thothil avaganicha oru upasamskaarathilekku oru nottam nalkunnu. dhii decline" ennathinte (sountraakku aalbathinte record cover) prachaarana posttaril annukal adachu anukkal parathunna gaayakan darby crash suppinte oru clossup frame stejil pradharshippichirunnu. chithram purathirangunnathinu thottumunbu heroine moolamundaaya aathmahathyayaan apakadatthinu kaaranamaayath (poosttar addehathinte maranathinu munbaanu roopakalppana cheythath). black flag, jerms, ex, alis bagg baand, sarkkil jerks, catholica achadakkam, bhayam ennivayaanu baandukal. 2007-leeii darby crash biopic "njangal cheiyunnathu rahasyamaan" ennathil anukkalude prakadanam aavarthichu. soundu track. 1980 desemberil ell. pii. yile slash recordukaliloodeyaanu sountraakku purathirangiyathu. 1990kalude avasaanathil ithu sidiyilum puratthirangi. sountraakku aalbathinte puramchattayil jerms gaayakan darby crash prathyakshappedunnu. sinimayum albavum purathirangunnathinu thottumunbu addeham marichu, ennirunnaalum chithrathinteyum aalbathinteyum prachaarana chithrangal addehathinte maranathinu munbu roopakalppana cheythirunnu.

pashchatya sanskraticha sanskraticha pashchimatya sanskraticha sanskraticha haah 1981 saalee 1979 aanee 1980 madhye chitrit jhalela american mahitipat aahe. haah chitrapat losses angelis punk rock drushyanvishayi aahe aanee penelope spheris yanni digdarshit keela hota. 1981 madhye, lapped police pramukh deryl gates yanni eka patra lihoon haah chitrapat punha shaharat dakhavu naye ashee magani kelee. chitrapatache shirshak kadachit sangeet samikshak lester bangchya 1970 chya done bhaganchya samikshanacha sandarbh aahe, jyat bangsney eka mitrache uddharan kele aahe, jyane mhatale hote qee bangschee lokpriyata pashchatya sanskratichya ghasaraniche sanket dete. aanakhi eka shakyata ashee aahe qee heey shirshak auswald spenglerchya 'dair untergang days abendlands' ('daad decline auph daad west') chya darby crashchya vachanacha sandarbh dete. aamhala neutron bomb midala", haah ell chaa maukhik itihas aahe.aaa. marqa spitz, claude besi urfah kickboy yanni gola kelele punk rock drushya, dawa karate qee too shirshak gheuun aala hota. 20 vya shatkachya uttaradhat losses angelisemadhil sangeet drushye drushye sphirisachya trayicha haah chitrapat prarambhik abhinay aahe. dusra chitrapat, '(1988),' aay. dii. 1 'chya losses angelis hevi metal drushyacha samavesh karato. tisra chitrapat,' daad decline auph western civilisation part III '(1998), 1990 chya dashakachya uttaradhatil beghar kishoravayin mulanchi gutter punk jivanshaili dakhavato. 2016 madhye, 'pashchimatya sanskraticha sanskraticha' haah united states national philm rajistrimadhye jatan karnyasathi library auph congressne nivadala hota, jyala 'sanskrutik, aitihasik kinwa saundaryatmakdrushtya mahattvapoorn' manale jaat hote. plot. losses angelis punk bandche maifiliche footage aanee band sadasya, 'slash' fanzinche prakashak aanee tyanche prekshak banavalelya punks yaa doghanchya mulakhati, yaa chitrapatat eka upasanskrutivar eka najar takali aahe, jyakade tyaa kalatil rock music presne mothya pramanat durlaksh kele hote. daad dicklain' chya pracharatmak postermadhye (aanee dhvanimudrik albumchya dhwanimudrit mukhprushthavar) sukshmajantunche eka jawalche frame, gayak darby crash supin, tyache dolhe bund karoon manchavar dakhavale hote. chitrapat pradarshit honyachya kahee kaal aadhi heroinmule jhalelya aatmahatyemule apghat jhaala (poster tyachya mrutyuchya aadhi tayar karnyat aale hote). kalya rangache zende, jantu, ex, ellis bagg band, vartulakar zatka, catholic shist aanee bheeti yancha samavesh aahe. 2007 chya darby crash bayopikmadhye 'aamhi jeey karato teey gupt aahe' madhye jantuchya kamgirichi punaravrutti karnyat aalee hotee. dhwanimudran. haah dhwanimudran december 1980 madhye ell. pii. varr slash recordsdware pradarshit karnyat aala. 1990 chya dashakachya uttaradhat too see. dii. varr dekhil pradarshit jhaala. jantu gayak darby crash haah dhvanimudrik albumchya mukhprushthavar disato. chitrapat pradarshit honyachya kahee kaal aadhi tyanche nidhan jhaale, jaree chitrapat aanee dhvanimudrikanchya pradarshanasathichya pracharatmak pratimanchi rachana tyanchya mrutyuchya aadhi karnyat aalee hotee.

paschimi sabhyatako patan paschimi sabhyatako patan sann 1979 rar 1980 maa filmaieko 1981 ko americi writtachitra how. yo chalchitra lus angels punk ruck drishyako barema how rar penelope sfirisdwara nirdeshit thiyo. sann 1981 maa, lapped police pramukh deryl gatesle saharma feri film dekhauna nadin mag gardai patra lekhe. filmko shirshak sambhawatah sangit samikshak lester bangsko sann 1970 ko dui bhagko samiksha "crim" patrikaka lagi "funn house" ko "crim" patrikako lagi sandarbha how, jahaan bangsle ek sathilai uddhrit gareko thiyo jasle stujesko lokapriyatale "paschimi sabhyatako patan" ko sanket gareko thiyo. arko sambhawana yo how kii shirshakle darby kryasle oswald spenglerko "derr untergang days abendlandes" ("pashchimko girawat") padhnu how. hamile neutron bumm paeka chhaun", elko maukhik itihas.ae. mark spitz, claude besi urfah kikabwayadwara sankalan garieko punk ruck drishyale dabi gardacha kii uni shirshak liera aeka thie. yo film 20 aun shatabdiko uttarardhama lus angelsma sangit drishyaharu chitran garne sphirisko trayiko udghatan karya how. dosro film, "(1988), ley 1987-1988 ko lus angels hebhi mettle drishyalai sametchha. tesro film," paschimi sabhyatako girawat bhag III "(1998), 1990 ko dashakko uttarardhama beghar kishorharuko gutter punk jiwanshailiko warnan gardacha. sann 2016 maa, "paschimi sabhyatako patan" lai sanyukta rajya americako rashtriya chalchitra registryma sanrakshanka lagi congressko pustakalayadwara chayan garieko thiyo, jaslai "sanskritik, aitihasik, wa saudaryako hisable mahatwapurna" manincha. plut. lus angels punk bandko concert footage rar bandka sadasyaharu, "slyas" fanginka prakashakharu, rar uniharuko darshakharu banaune punksharu duwaisangko antarwarta prastut gardai, filmle upasanskritima ek nazar prastut gardacha june tyas samayako ruck sangit presle dherai hadasamma bewasta gareko thiyo. da dicklain" (rar soundtrack albumko record kabhar) ko prachar posterma aankha banda garera stagema kitanu gayak darby kryas supinko close-up frame dekhaieko thiyo. chalchitra rilij hunubhanda kehi samayaghi heroinle garda atmahatya garda durghatana bhaeko thiyo (poster unko mrityuaghi design garieko thiyo). callo jhanda, kitanu, ex, alys byag banned, circle jerks, catholic anushasana, rar darr samawesh chhan. sann 2007 ko darby kryas biopic "hammy key garchhaun tyo gopya chha" maa kitanuharuko pradarshanko nakkal garieko thiyo. soundtrack. soundtrack december 1980 maa lpma slyas recordharudwara jaari garieko thiyo. sann 1990 ko dashakko antyama yo sidiko madhyambata pani rilij bhaeko thiyo. roganu gayak darby kryas soundtrack albumko awaranma dekha parchhan. film rilij hunubhanda kehi samayaghi unko mrityu bhayo, yadyapi film rar album releaseka lagi prachar chitraharu unko mrityu hunuaghi design garieko thiyo.

paschatya sabhyatara abanati paschatya sabhyatara abanati heuchhi 1981 masihar eka americae documentary jaahaa 1979 ebong 1980 masiha madhyare suting karajaithila. ehi chalachitrati lus angeless panka rock drushya bishajare ebong penelope sphirisnka dwara nirdeshita . 1981 masihare, lapped police mukhya deryl gates eka chithi lekhi ehi chalachitraku saharare aau dekhajiba paain daabi karithile. chalachitrara shirshaka sambhabatah sangeeta samalochaka lester byanganka 1970 masihar dui-bhaga bisista samikhya 'cream' patrika paain 'funn houses' rahr samikhya, jeunthire bangs jane bandhunku uddhruta karichanti jie kahithile je 'stujas' rahr lokaprijata 'paschatya sabhyatara abanati' rahr sanketa deichi. anya eka sambhabana heuchhi je ehi shirshakati darby krashnka dwara oswald spengalarnka "derr untaraganga des abendlands" ("paschimara abanati") rahr pathaku suchita kare . aame neutron boma pailu", l rahr eka moukhika itihas .aii. marck spitjnka dwara sangruhita pank rock drushya, claude besi oraphah kikwae daabi karichanti je shay ehi title sahita aasithile. ehi chalachitrati sphirisnka dwara eka trajira prarambhika abhinai, jaahaa 20shaa shatabdir shesh bhagare lus enjelasare sangeeta drushya chitrana kare . dwiteeja chalachitra, "(1988), "(1988) rahr lus angels hebhi metal drushyaku antarbhukta kare. truteeja chalachitra, 'paschatya sabhyatara abanati bhaga III' (1998), 1990 dashkar shesh bhagare gruhahina kishoramananka nardama pank jeebanasaileera barnana kare . 2016 masihare, "paschatya sabhyatara abanati" ku library off congress dwara americara jatiah chalachitra rejistrire sanrakhyana paain chayan karajaithila, jaahaaku "sanskrutika, aitihasika kimba saundarjya drustiru gurutwapurna" bolly bibechana karajae. plut. lus angeles pank bander concert footages ebong ubhaja banned sadasya, "slash" fangine prakashaka ebong semananka darshakanku tiari karithiba pank sahita sakhyatakara, ehi chalachitra eka upasanskruti upare eka nazar pradan kare jaahaa sehi samaira rock music press dwara mukhyatah anadekha karajaithila . dee decline" rahr promotional postarare (ebong soundtrack albummer record prachada) jeebaanu gajaka darby crass supinnka eka closes-up fremku aakhi banda curry manchare pradarshita karajaithila. chalachitrati muktilabha karibara kichhi samai purbaru eka heroin-prerita aatmahatya jogun durghatanara mrutyu ghatithila (taanka mrutyu purbaru poster design karajaithila). ethire antarbhukta byandagudika helah kalaa pataka, jeebaanu, ex, alice bagg banned, circle jorks, catholic anushasana ebong bhaja. 2007 darby krash bajopikare jeebanunka pradarshanaku punarabrutti karajaithila "aame jaahaa karuchhu taaha gupta . soundtrack. 1980 masiha december maasare ell. pii. ray slas record dwara soundtrack muktilabha karithila. 1990 dashkar shesh bhagare ehaa sii. dii. ray madhya muktilabha karithila. jeebaanu gajaka darby krash soundtrack album prachadare dekhajanti . chalachitrati muktilabha karibara kichhi samai purbaru tankara mrutyu hoithila, jadio chalachitra ebong album muktilabha paain prachara chitra taanka mrutyu purbaru design karajaithila .

pachmi sabhiata daa patan pachmi sabhiata daa patan ikk 1981 dee amriki dastavezi film haii joe 1979 atey 1980 witch filmai gaee see. ih film laas angels punk raak seen baare haii atey iss daa nirdeshan penelope spiris neey keeta see. sann 1981 witch lapped pulis mukhi daryl gates neey ikk pattar likh keey mung keeti see kii film noon shehar witch dubara naheen dikhaiaa jaave. film daa sirlekh sambhav taur utte sangeet aalochak lester bangs dee 1970 dee doou-hissiaan vaali stooj dee album "funn haaoos" dee samikhiaa daa havala haii, jiss witch "kareem" magazine laee, jiss witch bangs neey ikk dosat daa havala ditta see jiss neey kiha see kii stooj dee prasidhi neey "pachmi sabhiata dey patan" daa sanket ditta see. ikk horr sambhavna ih haii kii sirlekh darby crashes dey oswald spangler dey "dair untergang days abendlands" ("pachham daa patan") dey padhan noon darsaunda haii. saanoon neutron bumb miliaa", l daa ikk maukhik itihaas.aii. maarak spitz, cloud baisi urafa kikkbuae duaara ikattar keeta giaa punk raak seen, daava karda haii kii uh sirlekh lae keey aaiaa see. ih film spiris duaara ikk tikkadi daa shuruati kamm haii, jiss witch witch sadee dey akheer witch laas angels witch sangeet dey drishan noon darsaiaa giaa haii. duji film, "(1988)," aaee. dee. 1 "dey laas angels haivi maital seen noon cover kardi haii. tiji film," pachmi sabhiata daa patan bhaag III "(1998), 1990 dey dahake dey akheer witch beghar kishoran dee gutter punk jeevan shaili daa birtant haii. sann 2016 witch, sanyukat raaj dee rashtari film register witch sambhal laee library aaf congress duaara "pachmi sabhiata daa patan" chunhiaa giaa see, jiss noon "sabheyacharak, itihasak jaan suhaj dey roop witch mahattavpuran" manniaa jaa riha haii. plaat. laas angels punk baindan dey sangeet samaroh dee footage atey baind dey memberan, "slash" fenzine dey parkashakan atey aapne darshakan noon banaun vaale punks naal interview dee visheshta vaali ih film ikk upp-sabheyachar dee jhalak pesh kardi haii jiss noon uss samein dey raak sangeet presses duaara vadde paddhar 'teey nazarandaz qarr ditta giaa see. girawat" (atey soundtrack album dey ricard cover) dey prachar poster witch keetanu gaeek darby crash supin daa ikk nazdiki frame stage utte aapniaan akkhan bnd karke pradarshit keeta giaa see. film dey rileez honn toon kujh samaan pahilan hii ikk heroine-prerit aatam hattiaa caarn hadse dee maut hoow gaee see (poster uss dee maut toon pahilan tiaar keeta giaa see). iss witch qaala jhanda, keetanu, x, ellis baig baind, chakkar jhatke, catholic anushasana atey darr shamal hunn. kitanuyan dee karguzari noon 2007 dee darby crashes biopic witch duhraiaa giaa see "aseen joe karde haan uh gupat haii". soundtrack. iss geet noon dasambar 1980 witch ail. pee. utte slash ricard duaara jaari keeta giaa see. 1990 dey dahake dey akheer witch ih cd utte vee jaari keeti gaee see. keetanu gaeek darby crashes soundtrack album dey cover utte dikhai dinda haii. film dee rileez toon thodhi dair pahilan unhan dee maut hoow gaee, halanki film atey album dee rileez laee prachar chittar unhan dee maut toon pahilan tiaar keete gaye sunn.

paashchaty-sabhyatayaha patanam. paashchaty-sabhyatayaha patanam 1981 tame varshe 1979 tame varshe 1980 tame varshe cha chitrayamanaha amerikaadeshasy vruttachitrah asti. etat chalacchitram laas-angelies-panka-raak-drushyasya vishaye asti, penelope-spheerees ityanena nirdeshitam cha aasit. 1981 tame varshe, laip-dii-aarakshak-pramukhah deryl gates ityeshah nagare punah chalacchitram naa darshayitum aagraham krutvaa patram alikhat. chalacchitrasya sheershakam sambhawatah sangeeta-samikshakasya lester byangs ityasya 1970 tame varshe "kreem" patrikaayaah krute "funn house" iti stooj ityasya aalbam ityasya dwibhaageey-sameekshayaha sandarbhah asti, yatra byangs ityanena ekaa mitrasya uddharanam asti, yah stooj-ityasya lokapriyataayaah sanketah "paashchaty-sabhyatayaha patanam" iti uktavaan iti. anyat sambhavyata asti yat etat sheershakam derby-kraish ityasya oswald-spengler ityasya "derr-unter-gyaang-des-abendlands" ("pashchimasy patanam") ityasya pathanam uddishya asti. asm neutron-baamb-praaptam" iti, ell ityasya maukhika-itihaasah asti.a. maark spitz ityanena sangruhitam punk-raak-drushyam, claude besee athavaah kikbaay, saha sheershakam sveekrutavaan iti pratipaadayati. 20 shataabdyaah ante laas-angelies-nagare sangeeta-drushyaani chitrayan, etat chalacchitram spheerees-ityasya trayee-ityasya udghaatanee-krutihi asti. dwiteeyam chalacchitram "(1988), laas-angelies-hevee-metal-drushyam iti 1987-1988 iti iti iti varnayati. truteeyam chalacchitram" da-disecation-aaf-western-sivilaiseshan-paart-III "(1998) iti 1990 tamasya dashakasy ante gruhahinanam kishoranam gutter-pank-jeevanashailyaah vruttaantam asti. 2016 tame varshe, "paashchaty-sabhyatayaha patanam" iteedam labrary aaf kaangres ityanena samyuktarajyamerika-deshasya rashtriya-chalacchitra-registry-madhye samrakshanaartham chitam, yat "saamskrutikadrushtyaa, aitihaasikaroopena, athavaa saundaryadrushtyaa mahattvapoornam" iti manyate sma. plut. laas-angelies-pank-bend-ityasya sangeeta-drushyaani, tathaa cha bend-sadasyaih, "slash"-fyaanzain-ityasya prakaashakaih, tathaa cha teshaam shrotrubhihi nirmitaih pank-ityetaih saha sakshatkaraha cha, etat chalacchitram upasamskruteh avalokanam pradadaati, yat praayah raak-sangeeta-press-dwara avahelitam aasit. da-desain" ityasya prachaar-poster (tathaa dhwanimudrikaayaah dhwanimudrikaayaah prushtabhaagah) ityasmin roganunam gayakasya derby-kraash-supain ityasya nikat-frame iti manche netra-baddhen pradarshitam aasit. chalacchitrasya vimochanasya kinchitkaalapoorvam heroyin-prerita-atmahatyaya durghatanaa mrutah (tasya mrutyoho poorvam bhittipatrasya vinyaasah krutah). krushnadhwajah, keetaanavah, eksa, elis byaag-byaand, vrutta-jerks, catholic-anushaasanam, bhayah cha iti pattikaah antarbhavanti. 2007 tame varshe darby-kraish-jeevacharitrasya "vayam yat kurvanti tatt rahasyam" ityasmin roganunam pradarshanasy pratikrutihi abhoot. dhwanimudranam bhavati. 1980 december-maase ell. pi. ityatra slash-record-dwara dhwanimudranam pradarshitam. 1990 tamasya dashakasy ante etat see. dee. madhye api pradarshitam. rogaanupaatrasy gaayakah darby kraash ityeshah soundtraak-aalbam ityasya mukhaputam prati drushyate. chalacchitrasya vimochanaat kinchitkaalapoorvam eva saha mrutah, yadyapi chalacchitrasya, aalbam-prakashanasya cha prachaarachitraani tasya mrutyoho poorvam parikalpitaani aasan.

merkaththiya naagarigaththin veelchchi merkaththiya naagarigaththin veelchchi enbathu 1979 mattrum 1980 aam aandugalil padamaakkappatta 1981 aam aandu america aavanappadamaagum. inththa padam losses aenjals pank raak kaatchiyaip pattriyathu mattrum benelobe speeris iyakkiyathu. 1981 aam aandil, bolees thalaivaraana daryl cates, inththa padaththai meendum nagaraththil kaatta vaendaam endru koorii oru kadidham ezhuthinaar. thiraippataththin thalaippu isai vimarsagar lester bangsin 1970 aam aandu irandu pakuthikalaik konda mathippaaivu "gream" idhazhukkaana stoojasin aalbam "fubbon havus" pattriya kurippaaga irukkalaam, angku bangs oru nanbarai maerkoal kaattukiraar, avar stoojasin pugazh "merkaththiya naagarigaththin veezhchchiyai" samignai seithathaagak koorinaar. mattroru saaththiyakooru ennaventraal, thalaippu enbathu ooswald spenglerin "terr untercong tess appendlands" ("maerkin sarivu") pattriya darby krashin vaasippaik kurikkirathu. engkalukku neutron vedigundu kidaiththathu", ell inn vaaivazhi varalaaru.auuu. maark spits sekariththa pank raak kaatchi, clowt bessie allathu kigboy, avar thalaippaik kondu vanthathaakak koorukiraar. 20 aam noottraandin pirpaguthiyil losses aenchalsil ulla isaik kaatchigalai siththarikkum speeris oru muththoguppin thodakka seyal inththa padam. irandaavathu padam, "(1988), losses aenjals hevi metal kaatchiyai ulladakkiyathu 1987-1988. moontraavathu padam," merkaththiya naagarigaththin veelchchi pakuthi III "(1998), 1990 kalin pirpaguthiyil veedattra ilainyargalin kazhivuneer kuzhaai vaazhkkai muraiyai vivarikkirathu. 2016 aam aandil, "merkaththiya naagarigaththin veelchchi" america thaesiya thiraippada pathivaettil paathukaappatharkaaka congress noolagaththaal thaernthedukkappattathu, idhu "kalaachaara reethiyaaga, varalaattru reethiyaaga allathu azhagiyal reethiyaaga kurippidaththakkathu" endru karudhappadugiradhu. sathi. losses aenjals pank isaikkuzhukkalin kacheri kaatchigal mattrum isaikkuzhu uruppinarkal, "slash" fangin veliyeettaalargal mattrum avarkalin paarvaiyaalargalai uruvaakkiya panchkaludan nerkaanalkal aagiyavattraik konda inththa padam, antha neraththil raak isai achchagangkalaal perumpaalum purakkanikkappatta oru thunai kalaachchaaraththaip pattriya paarvaiyai valangkukirathu. thii declane" (mattrum olippathivu aalpaththin pathivu attaippadam) vilambara suvarottiyil kirumigalin nerukkamaana sattagam idampettrathu paadagar darby gross subbain thanathu kankalai moodikkondu maedaiyil irunthaar. padam veliyidappaduvatharku sattru munbu heraain thoondappatta thartkolai kaaranamaaga vibaththu iranththathu (suvarotti avarathu maranaththirku munbu vadivamaikkappattathu). karuppu kodi, kirumigal, ex, alis paek paent, vattam jerks, catholica ozhukkam mattrum payam aagiyavai idhil adangkum. kirumigalin seyalthiran 2007 darby kraash vaazhkkai varalaattril pirathipalikkappattathu "naangkal enna seikiroam enbathu ragasiyam". olippathivu. olippathivu disambar 1980 ill elbiyil slash pathivukal moolam veliyidappattathu. 1990kalin pirpaguthiyil idhu sidi yilum veliyidappattathu. kirumigal paadagar darby kraash olippathivu aalpaththin attaiyil thoandrugiraar. padam mattrum aalbam veliyeettirkaana vilambarap padangkal avarathu maranaththirku munbae vadivamaikkappattirunthaal, padam veliyidappaduvatharku sattru munbu avar iranthaar.

paaschaatya nagarikata ksheenata paaschaatya nagarikata ksheenata anedi 1979 mariyu december chithreekarinchina 1981 american documentary. eee chitram laas angels punk rock drushyam gurinchi mariyu penelope speeris darsakatvam vahinchaaru. vahinchaaru, lapped police cheef daryl gates eee chitraanni nagaramlo mallee pradarsinchavaddani demand chestu oka lekha raasaaru. eee chitram yokka sheershika bahusha sangeeta vimarsakudu lester byaang yokka yokka "cream" patrika kosam stooges album "funn house" yokka rendu bhagala sameekshanu suuchistumdi, indulo stooges yokka prajaadarana "paaschaatya nagarikata ksheenata" nii suuchistumdani cheppina oka snehitudini bangs utamkimchaaru. maroka avakaasam emitante, eee sheershika oswald spengler yokka "derr untergang dess abendlands" ("dhi design off dhi west") yokka darby crash patanaanni suuchistumdi. maaku neutron bambu vachindi", idhi l yokka moukhika charitra.eah. maark spitz, claud bessie akah kickboy sekarinchina punk rock drushyam, athanu eee sheershikato vacchaadani paerkonnaadu. eee chitram 20va sataabdam chivaralo laas angelslo sangeeta drushyaalanu chithreekarinche speeris trayam yokka prarambha charya. rendava chitram, "(1988), laas angels heavy metal sannivesaanni 1987-1988 loe cover chestundi. moodava chitram," dhi dissen off westran civilisation paart III "(1998), 1990la chivaralo niraasrayulaina teenagerla gutter punk jeevanasailini vivaristundi. vivaristundi, "paaschaatya nagarikata ksheenata" nuu united states national film registrylo parirakshana kosam library off congress empika chesindi, idhi "saamskrutikamgaa, chaaritraatmakamgaa ledhaa soundaryaparamgaa mukhyamainadi" gaa pariganinchabadindi. plaat. laas angels punk byaandla kacheri footagee mariyu byaand sabhyulu, "slash" fangine prachuranakartalu mariyu vaari prekshakulanu tayaaru chesina panklatho interviewlu rendintinee kaligi unna eee chitram, aaa samayamlo rock music press ekkuvagaa vismarinchina upasamskrutini pariseelistundi. dhi design" (mariyu soundtrack album yokka record cover) prachara posterlo suukshmakrimula gayakudu darby crash supain kallu moosukuni vedikapai close-up framenu kaligi undhi. chitram vidudalaku kontakaalam mundu heraine-prerita aatmahatya kaaranamgaa crash maraninchindi (poster athani maranaaniki mundu roopondinchabadindi). block flag, germs, ex, alis byaag byaand, circle jerks, catholic kramasikshana mariyu bhayam byaandlu unnaayi. 2007 darby crash biopic "memu emi chestamo adhi rahasyam" loe suukshmakrimula paniteeru punaraavrutamaindi. soundtrack. soundtrack december december elpeelo slash recordula dwara vidudalaindi. 1990la chivaralo idhi sidilo kooda vidudalaindi. suukshmakrimula gayakudu darby crash soundtrack album kavarlo kanipistaadu. eee chitram mariyu album vidudalaku sambandhinchina prachara chitraalu ayana maranaaniki mundhe roopondinchinappatiki, eee chitram vidudalaku kontakaalam mundu ayana maraninchaaru.

maghrabi tehzeeb kaa zawal maghrabi tehzeeb kaa zawal 1981 kii eek americi dastawezi film hay jasay 1979 aur 1980 mein filmaya gayaa thaa. yaha film laas angeles punk raak kay manzar kay baaray mein hay aur iss kii hidayat kaaree panelope spheres nay kii thee. 1981 mein lapped cheef aaf police deral gates nay eek khath likhaa jiss mein shehar mein film kuu dobarah naha dikhanay kaa mutalibah kiyaa gayaa. film kaa anwaan mamkanah toor parr music creatic lester bengz kay 1970 kay duu hasoon waalay stojaz kay album "funn house" kay jaizay kaa hawalah hay juu "cream" megzin kay liye hay jehaan bengz nay eek dost kaa hawalah diyaa hay jiss nay kahaa thaa kahh stojaz kii maqboliyat nay "maghrabi tehzeeb kay zawal" kaa asharah diyaa thaa. eek aur amkaan yaha hay kahh anwaan say maraad darby karesh kii taraf say oswald spengler kii "dair inter gaing ddais abendlands" ("maghrab kaa zawal") kaa padhna hay. hamein neutron bumm milaa"yee eel kii zabani tareekh.aey. maark spitz kay zariye jamaa kardah punk raak seen clowed beesi araf: kick bawaae kaa daawi hay kahh wah anwaan kay saath aayaa thaa. yaha film spheres kii eek taree kaa iftatahi amal hay jiss mein 20 wein sadee kay aakhir mein laas angeles mein mausiqi kay munazir kuu dikhaya gayaa hay. dosri film "(1988)yee 1987-1988 kay laas angeles hewi mettle seen kaa ahatah karti hay. teesri film" maghrabi tehzeeb kaa zawal hasah III "(1998)yee 1990 kii dahayi kay aakhir mein bay gahar noamron kay gutter punk tarz zindagi kii daastaan biyaan karti hay. 2016 mein "maghrabi tehzeeb kaa zawal" kuu library aaf congress nay riyasathaye muthadah kii qomi film registry mein tahfuz kay liye muntakhib kiyaa thaa jasay "saqafati tareekhi yaa jamaliyati lahaaz say aham" samjha jaataa hay. plaat. laas angeles punk bend kii concert fotage aur bend kay mumbaron "salesh" fenzine kay publishers aur inn kay saamayin kuu bananay waalay pankas donon kay saath interviews kii khususiyat waali yaha film eek zeeli saqafat parr eek nazar paish karti hay jasay iss waqat kay raak music prais nay bury hadd takk nazar andaaz kirr diyaa thaa. dee dakayan" kay promotional poster (aur sound track album kay record coor) mein jaraseem kay gulukaar darby karesh sopeen kaa eek qareebi freem dikhaya gayaa thaa jiss kii aankhein bund thein. film kii release say kachh arsah qabal hyee heroin say honay waali khudkashi say haadise kii moth how gayee (poster iss kii moth say pehley design kiyaa gayaa thaa). bend mein bleek fleeg jaraseem aiks ails beeg baind circle jarkas catholic displin aur khoof shaamil haine. jaraseem kii karkardgi kuu 2007 kii darby karesh biopic mein nql kiyaa gayaa thaa "humm juu kartay haine wah khafiya hay". sound track. sound track dasambar 1980 mein eel pee parr salesh records kay zariye jaari kiyaa gayaa thaa. 1990 kii dahayi kay aakhir mein asay see ddee parr bhee release kiyaa gayaa. jaraseem gulukaar darby karesh sound track album kay sarwaraq parr nazar aataa hay. film kii release say kachh arsah pehley inn kaa inteqal how gayaa halankah film aur album kii release kay liye promotional tasavir inn kii moth say pehley design kii gayee thein.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37282060

Doom and Gloom

Doom and Gloom 2012 single by the Rolling Stones "Doom and Gloom" is the lead single taken from "GRRR!", the 50th anniversary compilation album by the Rolling Stones. It was premiered on BBC Radio 2 on 11 October 2012. The song's recording marked the first time that Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Charlie Watts and Ronnie Wood had been in the studio together for seven years, since completing their 2005 album "A Bigger Bang". A lyric video was released on YouTube the same day. The song charted at No. 61 on the UK Singles Chart, No. 26 on the "Billboard" Japan Hot 100 and No. 30 on the "Billboard" Rock Songs chart in October 2012. "Rolling Stone" magazine named "Doom and Gloom" the eighteenth best song of 2012. Composition. This song represents a reversion to the "open G" guitar tuning that powered Sticky Fingers and Exile on Main Street. The song's opening riff is played by Jagger. Richards commented on Jagger being the driving force behind the song and Jagger playing the opening riff: "I don't give a damn. He'd never have learned how to play that without me teaching him how to do it." Music video. A music video for the song was released on 20 November 2012 and was directed by Jonas Åkerlund at the Cité du Cinéma in Saint-Denis starring Noomi Rapace. In popular culture. The song was played in the fourth episode of the 2012 NBC series "Do No Harm (TV series)", when Ian arrives at a formal event. The song is on the soundtrack for the video game "". The song was played in the end credits to the 2013 film "A Good Day to Die Hard". The song also plays in the 2019 film "", when the Avengers gather together and construct a time machine. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

durbolota aaru bixonnota "doom endo gloom" hoise "graar!" ror poraa luwa mukhyo ekok.", rolling stonesor dwara 50 xongkhyok barxiki xongkolon elbam. 2012 sonor 11 octoborot bibisi readyo '2-too iyar primiyar koraa hoisil. gittur recordinge prothombaror baabe sinhito korisil je 2005 sonor elbam "e bigor beng" xompurno korar pisot xaat bosor dhori mick jegaar, keith risards, charley waatch aaru roni udd ekeloge studio' too aasil. eketa dinote etaa gitor video 'utubot mukoli koraa hoisil. gittu nong nomborot chart koraa hoisil. iuke ekok chartot 61 nombor. 26 "bilobo" rdot jaapan gorom 100 aaru naai. 2012 sonor octobor maahot "bilobo 'rd" rok gaanor chartot 30 nombor. "rolling stone" alusoniye "doom endo gloom" naamor gittu 2012 sonor ostadox shrestho geet hisape ghuxona korisil. rosona. ei gittuwe "open ji" gitter tuningor ek protiworton protinidhitwo kore ji mool pothot athajukto aanguli aaru nirbaxon salit kore. gittur aarombhonir riftu jegare bojuwa hoy. risarde gittur aaror salok xokti jegaar huwar uporot montobyo korisil aaru udwudhoni riftu jegare bojuwar bixoye montobyo korisiloh "moi kunu beyaa kotha kuwa naai. moi taak kenekoi khelibo laage xikai diyar obihone teu ketiyau xeitu khelibo xikibo nuwarileheten." music video '. gittur etaa music video '20 novembor 2012-too mukoli koraa hoisil aaru numi repse obhinoy koraa saint-denisor site du chinemat junas aakorlunde iyar porisalona korisil. jonopriyo xongoskritit. gaantu 2012 sonor eno. bi. chi. sirijor soturtho khondo "du nu hormo (tibhi sirij)" too bojuwa hoisil, jetiya ian etaa anusthanik onusthanot uposthito hoisil. gittu 2013 sonor solositro "e good day tu daai hard" ror xexor creditot bojuwa hoisil. 2019 sonor sobikhonotu gittu bojuwa hoise, "jetiya protixudhokxokole ekeloge ekotrito hoy aaru etaa time machin nirman kore.

dukkho oo bishannata "doom anned gloom" holl "grar!" theke neoa prodhan ekok.", rolling stones dwara 50 tomo barshiki sangkalan album. etty 11 octobor 2012-ayee bbc redio 2-ayee premiere hoyechilo. gantir recording prothombar chinnito korechilo jey, 2005 saaler album "aaa bigg byang" shesh korar porr theke shaat bochor dhorey mick jagger, keith richards, charley wats ebong ronnie udd eksathe studiote chhilen. ekoi diney utube ekti gaaner vdo mukti paay. ganti churt koraa hoy nong-ayee. juktorajyer ekok talika 61 nambar. 26 "billboarde" japan gorom 100 ebong naa. octobor 2012-ayee "billboard" rock gaaner talika 30. "rolling stone" magazine 2012 saaler ashtadash sera gaan "doom anned gloom" naame abhihito koreche. rachona. eyi ganti "open zii" gitter tuninger ekti biporitmukhi protinidhitto korey jaa prodhan rastai sticky angul ebong nirbasone chaalito hoy. gaaner udwodhoni riff bajano hoy jagger dwara. richards montobbo korechen jey, jagger holl gaaner pichhone chalikashakti ebong jagger bajano udwodhoni rifah "aami konao khoti corry naa. aami taake etaa shekhano chhada seey kokhonyi etaa khelte shekheni." music vdo. gantir jonno ekti music vdo 20 navembar 2012-ayee mukti paay ebong nomi rapus abhineet seenta-deniser seate doo cinema jonas ackerlund dwara porichalito hoyechilo. janapriya sangaskritite. ganti 2012 saaler nbc sirijer choturtho porbe bajano hoyechilo "konao khoti korben naa (tibhi sirij)", jokhon iyana ekti anusthanik anusthane asen. 2013 saaler cholochchitro "ayee good deey too dye hard"-err shesh krititte ganti bajano hoyechilo. 2019 saaler chhobiteo ganti bajano hoyeche, "jokhon protishodhkarira ekotrito hoy ebong ekti time meshina toiri korey.

nirasha aneey nirasha "kayaamat aneey nirasha" aee "grr!" maanthi levaamaa aavelu mukhya single chhe.", rolling stones dwara 50 mee varshgaanth sankalan album. tenu premiere 11 october 2012naa roj bii. bii. see. rediyo 2 parr karvaamaa aavyu hatoo. gitanaa recordingma pratham vakhat aevu nondhvaamaa aavyu hatoo keey 2005naa album "aaa bigg benga" purn karyaa pachhi, miqa jugger, keath ritchard, charley wats aneey ronee wood saat varsh sudhee studiyomaa saathe rahyaa hataa. teey jaj divase yutyub parr aek geetno videeyo rajoo karvaamaa aavyo hato. geet number parr chaart thayu. yuke singles chaart parr 61, nann. 26 "billboard" parr japan garam 100 aneey naa. october 2012maan "billboard" roqa gitonaa chaart parr 30. "rolling stone" megezine "doom anned gloom" naam aapyu hatoo, jeey 2012noon adhaarmu shreshth geet hatoo. rachnaa. aaa geet "open jee" gitaar tuningma ultavi devaanu pratinidhitva karey chhe jeey mukhya shereemaa sticky aangadio aneey deshnikaalne sanchaalit karey chhe. geetnee sharuaatni reef jugger dwara vagadvama aave chhe. richardse geet paachhalni prerak shaktee aneey sharuaatni reef vagaadati jugger hovaa parr tippani kareeh "huun koee vaandho nathee. huun tene teey kevee reete karavu teey sheekhvya vinaa teey kyaarey teey kevee reete ramvu teey sheekhyo naa hota." music videeyo. geet maateno aek music videeyo 20 november 2012naa roj rajoo karvaamaa aavyo hato aneey tenu nirdeshan jonas ackerlund dwara saint-denismaa ciity duu cinema khaate karvaamaa aavyu hatoo, jemaa nomee rapus abhineet hatoo. lokpreey sanskrutima. aaa geet 2012 nbc shreneena chothaa episodema vagadvama aavyu hatoo, jyaare ian aek aupcharik karykrama aave chhe. aaa geet 2013nee film "aaa good deey too dye haard" naa antamaa vagadvama aavyu hatoo. aaa geet 2019nee filmmaan pann vagadvama aavyu chhe, "jyaare badalo lenarao bhegaa thaay chhe aneey time machine banaave chhe.

nirasha aur nirasha "kayamat aur nirasha" "grr!" seey liya gayaa pramukh ekal haye.", rolling stones dwara 50 veen varshgaanth sankalan album. iska premiere 11 octuber 2012 koo bee. bee. see. radio 2 parr kiya gayaa thaa. geet kii recording ney pahali baar chihnit kiya kii mike jagger, keath richard, charley wats aur rony wood apane 2005 key album "aeye bigg baing" koo puuraa karane key baad seey saat varshon seey studio mein ack saath they. usee dinn youtube parr ack geet video jaari kiya gayaa thaa. geet number parr chart kiya gayaa. 61 yuu. key. ekal chart parr, naheen. 26 "billboard" parr japan germ 100 aur naheen. octuber 2012 mein "billboard" rock geet chart parr 30. "rolling stone" patrika ney "doom aind gloom" koo 2012 kaa athaarahvaan sarvshreshth geet naamit kiya. rachana. yeh geet "open jee" gitar tuning key prati ack ulatafer kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye joe mukhya sadak parr chipchipi ungaliyon aur nirvaasan koo sanchaalit kartaa haye. geet kaa shuruati geet jagger dwara bajaaya jaataa haye. richard ney iss geet key peechhe kii prerak shakti aur shuruati riff bajaane vaali jagar honey parr tippani keeh "main koee burai naheen kartaa. vaha kabhi bhee yeh naheen seekhata kii kaise khelna haye, binaa mujhe sikhaae kii ise kaise karna haye." sangeet video. geet key liye ack sangeet video 20 navambar 2012 koo jaari kiya gayaa thaa aur ise sent-dennis mein nomi rappace abhineet city doo cinema mein jonas Åkerlund dwara nirdeshit kiya gayaa thaa. lokpriya sanskriti mein. yeh geet 2012 nbc shrinkhala key chauthe episode "doo noo harm (tv shrinkhala)" mein bajaaya gayaa thaa, jaba ian ack aupchaarik karyakram mein aataa haye. yeh geet 2013 kii film "aeye good day too dye haard" key anta mein bajaaya gayaa thaa. yeh geet 2019 kii film mein bhee bajata haye, "jaba badala lene vaale ack saath ikattha hotey hain aur ack time machine kaa nirmaan karate hain.

dukkha mattu vishaada "doom und gloom" embudu "grar!" ninda tegedukollalaada pramukha single aagide.", rolling stonesna 50 neey vaarshikotsavada sankalana album. idu 11 october 2012 randu bbc radeo 2 nalli prathama pradarshanagonditu. haadina dhwanimudranawu modala baarige mick jagar, keeth richards, charley whats mattu rony wood tamma 2005 rahra album "aa bigg byang" annu poornagolisida nantara elu varshagala kaala studiyodalli ottige iddaru. adhe dina ondu geeteya veediyovannu yootyubnalli bidugade maadalaayitu. haadu namm. 61 ankagalu yuke singles chartnelli namm. 26 "billboard" nalli japan 100 bisi mattu illa. october 2012 ralli "billboard" rock haadugala pattiyalli 30. "rolling stone" niyatakaalikeyu "doom und glome" annu 2012rahra hadinentane atyuttama haadu endu hesariside. samyojane. ee haadu mukhya beediyalli jigutaada beralugalannu mattu gadipaarannu shaktiyutagolisuva "open zii" guitar tuningge ondu himmukhavannu pratinidhisuttade. haadina arambhika riff annu jagar nudisuttade. hagger haadina hindina preraka shakti mattu arambhika riff annu hagger nudisuva bagge richards pratikriyisidaruh "naanu kettaddannu niiduvudilla. naanu adannu hege maadabekendu avarige kalisade avanu adannu hege aadabekendu endigoo kaliyuttiralilla." sangeeta video. ee haadina sangeeta veediyovannu 20 november 2012 randu bidugade maadalaayitu mattu idannu nomi rapace natisida saint-denisnalli site du cinemaadalli jonas ackerland nirdeshisidaru. janapriya samskrutiyalli. 2012rahra enn. bii. sii saraniya nalkane sanchikeyalli "yaavude haani madabedi (duradarshana sarani)" emba haadannu eoin ondu oupachaarika kaaryakramakke bandaaga aadalaayitu. 2013rahra chalanachitra "aa good day tuu dye haard" ge koneya shreyankagalalli ee haadannu nudisalaayitu. 2019rahra chalanachitradalli "pratikaara tirisikolluvavaru ottige saeri time mesheen annu nirmisidaaga" emba haadannu saha haadalaaguttade.

dukhavum vishaadavum "doove gloom" aanu "Grrr!" ennathil ninnu edutha pradhana gaanam.", rolling stonsinte 50-aamm vaarshika samahara aalbam. 2012 october 11 nuu bbc radio 2-ll ithu pradharshippichu. 2005-leeii aalbam "eiii bigg baang" poortthiyaakkiya sesham mick jagger, keytt richards, charley whats, ronnie wood ennivar ezhu varshamaayi studiyoyil orumichu undaayirunnathu ithaadyamaayaanu. athe divasam thanne oru ganarachana viidiyoo yootyoobil puratthirangi. gaanam nambar pattikayil idam nedi. yuke singles chartle 61-aamm sthaanathaanu. 26 "parasyabordil" jappan 100 umm illa. 2012 octoberil "parasyaboard" roock gaanangalude pattikayil 30. "rolling stoon" magazin "doom aandu gloom" 2012 leeii pathinettaamatthe mikacha gaanamaayi namakaranam cheythu. rachana. eee gaanam pradhana theruvil stikki viralukalkkum naadukadatthalinum oorjjam pakaruna "ooppan jii" gitaar tuningilekkulla oru thirichuvaravine prathinidheekarikkunnu. gaanatthinte aadya riff jagger aanu aalapichirikkunnath. gaanathinu pinnile prerakashakthiyaya jagger ooppaning riff play cheiyunna jagger aanennu richards abhiprayappettu "njaan oru nanakkedum kanikkunnilla. njaan avane athu engane cheyyanamennu padippikkaathe avan athu engane kalikkanamennu orikkalum padikkumaayirunnilla." music viidiyoo. 2012 november 20 nuu purathirangiya eee gaanatthinte oru music viidiyoo seyint-denisile sitte duu sinimayil jonas akkarland samvidaanam cheythu. janakeeya samskaarathil. 2012 enn. bii. sii parambarayaaya "dhoo noow haarm (tivi seerees)" yude naalam episodil iyaan oru aupachaarika paripaadiyil athiyappol eee gaanam play cheythu. 2013-ll purathirangiya "eiii good day tuu dye haard" enna chithrathinu avasana kredittaayi eee gaanam play cheythu. prathikaram cheiyunnavar othucherukayum oru time mesheen nirmmikkukayum cheyyumbol" enna 2019 leeii chithratthilum eee gaanam play cheiyunnu.

nirasha aanee nirasha "doom andd gloom' heey 'jee. aar. aar. aar.' madhoon ghetalele pramukh ekal gaane aahe.", rolling stonescha 50 vaa vardhapan deane sankalan album. 11 aktoobar 2012 roji bii. bii. see. redio 2 varr tyacha pratham pradarshan karnyat aala. yaa ganyachya dhvanimudranane prathamach olakhale qee, 2005 chaa tyancha album 'aaa bigg bang' purn jhalyapasun, mick jagger, keath richard, charley wats aanee ronny wood heey saat varshe studiomadhye ekatra hote. tyach divashi eka geet video yootyubavar pradarshit karnyat aala. ganyache chart kramank. yooke ekerichya yadeet 61, kra. 26 'jahirat falkavar' japan garam 100 aanee nahee. aktoobar 2012 madhye 'billboard' rock ganyanchya chartvar 30. "rolling stone' masikane 'doom andd gloom' heey 2012chey atharavya kramankache sarvotkrusht gaane mhatale aahe. rachana. heey gaane "open jee" gitar tuningchya ulatya swarupache pratinidhitva karate, jeey mukhya rastyavar chikat bote aanee nirvasana chalavate. ganyacha suruvaticha swar jaggerdware vajavala jaato. ganyamagil prerak shakti mhanje zaggar aanee suruvaticha riif vajavanara zaggar yavar richards yanni tippani keleeh "mea kahee harkat ghet nahee. mea tyala teey kase karayache teey shikavalyashivay too teey kase khelayache teey kadhich shikala nasata." music video. yaa ganyacha eka sangeet video 20 november 2012 roji pradarshit karnyat aala hota aanee seent-denismadhil cite duu cinemamadhye jonas ekarlandane digdarshit keela hota, jyat noomi rappacene abhinay keela hota. lokpriy sanskruti. 2012 chya aine. bii. see. malikechya chauthya bhagat 'duu noow harm (tv malika)' heey gaane vajavanyat aale hote, jevha iaan eka aupcharik karyakramala yeto. 2013 chya 'aaa good day too dye haard' yaa chitrapatachya shevatche shrey heey gaane dile gele. heey gaane 2019 chya chitrapatat dekhil vajavale jaate, "jevha suud ugavanare ekatra yetat aanee time machine tayar karatat.

nirasha rar nirasha "kayamat rar nirasha" "Grrr!" batt liieko mukhya ekal how.", rolling stonedwara 50 aun warshikotsawa sankalan album. yasako premiere 11 october 2012 maa bbc radio 2 maa bhaeko thiyo. gitko recordingle pahilo patak mick jagar, keith richards, charley wats rar rony wood afno 2005 album "ae bigg byang" pura garedekhi saat warshasamma studioma sangai raheko thiyo. sohi dina yutyubma euta geet bhidiyo rilij garieko thiyo. geet nambarma chart garieko thiyo. belayatko ekal chartma 61, nan. billboard" maa 26 japan tato 100 rar chhaina. october 2012 maa "billboard" ruck githaruko chartma 30. "rolling stone" patrikale "doom anned gloom" lai 2012 ko atharaun utkrishta geet naam dieko chha. rachana. yo gitle "open zee" gitar tuningma rupantaranko pratinidhitwa gardacha jasle chipchipa aunlaaharulai shakti dinchha rar mukhya sadakma nirvasana gardacha. gitko udghatan riff jaggerle bajaeko chha. richardle geet pachhadiko prerak shakti jagar bhaeko rar udghatan riff bajaune jagar bhaeko tippani gareh "mahm kunai kami gardinan. maile usalai kasari garne bhanera sikae bina usale tyo kasari khelne bhanera kahilyai sikdainathyo." music bhidiyo. gitko euta music bhidiyo 20 november 2012 maa rilij garieko thiyo rar yo jonas akerlundwara cent-denisko site du cinemama nirdeshit thiyo jasma nomi repasle abhinaya gareka thie. lokpriya sanskritima. yo geet 2012 nbc shringkhala "do no herm (tivi shringkhala)" ko chautho episodema bajaeko thiyo, jab ian aupacharik karyakramma aipugchhan. yo geet sann 2013 ko chalchitra "ae good day too dye hard" ko antim shreyama bajaieko thiyo. sann 2019 ko chalchitrama pani yo geet bajchha, "jab badala lineharu bhela hunchhan rar time messin nirman garchhan.

duhkha oh duhkha "doom anded glum" heuchhi "jii. aarr. aarr. aarr!", roling stones dwara 50 tama barshiki sankalana album . 11 october 2012 ray bibisi redio 2 ray ehara premiyara karajaithila. ehi geetara recording pratham thara paain chinhita karithila je mick jagger, keith richards, charley waat ebong rony udd semanankara 2005 album "aii large byang" samapta kariba paratharu saata barsha paain studiore ekathi thile. sehideen jutyubare eka geeta bhidio muktilabha karithila. geetati nambara chartre rahithila. brittener ekaka chartre 61 nambara sthanare rahichanti. billboard" ray 26 japan garam 100 ebong naahin. october 2012 ray "billboard" rock geeta chartre 30. "roling stone" patrika "doom anded gloom" ku 2012 rahr astadasha shrestha geeta bhabare namit karichhi . rachna. ehi geetati "open jii" gitara tyuning prati eka pratyabartanaku pratinidhitwa kare jaahaa sticky anguli ebong mukhya rastare nirbasanaku shakti deithae . geetara prarambhika rifaku jagar dwara bajajae . geeta pachare jagar heuchhi preraka shakti ebong prarambhika refrey jagar bajaiba bishajare richards mantabya deichhantih "mun kichhi dosh deuni. mun tanku ehaa shikhai naah thanti, shay kebe bii ehaa kheliba shikhi nathante." music bhidio. ehi geeta paain eka music bhidio 20 navember 2012 ray muktilabha karithila ebong nomi rapes abhineet cent-denis rahr site du cinemare jonas aakarlandanka dwara nirdeshita hoithila . lokpriya sanskrutire. ehi geetati 2012 nbc sirijara chaturtha episode "du noe herm (tibhi sirij)" ray bajajaithila, jetebele ian eka aanusthanika karjyakramare pahanchithile . 2013 chalachitra "kathina bhabare maribaku eka bhal deane" rahr shrejare geetati shesh ray bajajaithila . geetati 2019 chalachitrare madhya bajuchhi, "jetebele pratisodha neuthiba lokamane ekathi huanti ebong eka time messin nirmana karanti .

tabahi atey udasi "tabahi atey udasi" "jee. aar. aar. aar.!" toon liaa giaa mukkh single haii.", rolling stones duaara 50 veen varehgandh sangrah album. iss daa premiere 11 aktubar 2012 noon bee. bee. see. radio 2 utte keeta giaa see. geet dee recording neey pahili vaar darsaiaa kii mick jaigar, keath richards, charley wats atey ronnie wood aapni 2005 dee album "aii vadde dhamake" noon poora curran toon baad satt saalan toon studio witch ikkathe sunn. use dinn yootioob utte ikk geet vdo jaari keeta giaa see. geet number 'teey chaart keeta giaa. yuke singles chaart 'teey 61 nann. 26 "billboard" utte japaan garam 100 atey nann. aktubar 2012 witch "billboard" rock geetan dey chaart utte 30. "rolling stone" magazine neey "doom aind gloom" noon 2012 daa atharvan sarbottam geet namzad keeta. rachna. ih geet "open jee" gitar tuning witch ikk ulat noon darsaunda haii joe mukkh glee utte chipchipa unglan atey jalawatni noon sanchalit karda haii. geet daa shuruati riff jaigar duaara vajaiaa jaanda haii. richards neey geet dey pichhe dee prerak shakti atey shuruati riff noon vajaun vaali jagar honn 'teey tippni kitia "main koee gall naheen karda. uh kadey vee iss noon khedna naheen sikhhda jadon takk main uss noon ih sikhaye binan kii ih kiven karna haii." sangeet vdo. geet laee ikk sangeet vdo 20 navambar 2012 noon jaari keeta giaa see atey iss daa nirdeshan jonas akerland duaara cent-dennis witch city duu cinema vikhe keeta giaa see jiss witch nomi rapace neey abhinai keeta see. prasidh sabheyachar witch. ih geet 2012 ainn. bee. see. seereez "duu noo haim (teevi seereez)" dey chauthe episode witch khediaa giaa see, jadon iaan ikk rasmi program witch pahunchada haii. ih geet 2013 dee film "aii good daye too dye haard" dey ant witch khediaa giaa see. ih geet 2019 dee film witch vee khediaa giaa haii, "jadon badla lainn vaale ikkathe hunde hunn atey ikk time masheen banaunde hunn.

duhkhe cha "doom and glome" iti "jee. aar. aar. aar!" ityatah sweekrutam pramukham ekakam geetam asti.", rolling stones ityasya 50 tama-vaarshikotsava-sankalan-sangrahah. 11 october 2012 dinaanke bee. bee. see. radio 2 ityatra asya prathamapradarshanm krutam. gitasya dhvanimudranam prathamavaaram ankitam yat mick-jaagar, keet-richards, charley-wats, roney-wood cha saptavarshaani yaavat studio-madhye militvaa aasan, 2005 tame varshe "a-bigg-byaang" iti aalbam samaaptam abhavat. tasmin eva dine yoo-tube-madhye ekam geeta-chitra-chitram prakaashitam. geetam nam-madhye ankitam. 61 yoo. key. singles chaart madhye, nam. 26 "bilboard" madhye japaan-deshasya haat 100 tathaa nam. october 2012 tame varshe "bilboard" raak-gitanam chaart madhye 30 sthaanam. "rolling stone" iti patrikaa "doom and glome" iti 2012 varshasya ashtaadash-sarvashreshtam geetam iti namakam dattavatee. rachanaa. etat geetam "open jee" gitaar tuning ityasya prativartanam pratinidhayati yat mukhyamaarge cha sticky-anguleem praavartayati, nirvaasanam cha karoti. gitasya aarambhik-geetam jaagar ityanena vaayyate. richards ityanena gitasya prushthe cha jaagar iti prerakashaktih asti iti, udghatana riff ityasya cha jaagar iti vaadanam bhavati iti abhimatam akarot-"aham naa kshamyaami. saha kadaapi tatt kreeditum naa shikshitah, yadi aham tam katham kartavyam iti naa shikshaami." sangeeta-veediyo. asya gitasya sangeeta-drushya-chitram 20 november 2012 dinaanke pradarshitam, tathaa cha sayint-denis-nagarasya site du-cinemaa-madhye jonas aakarland ityanena nirdeshitam, yasmin noomee rapes iti abhinetree aasit. lokapriyataayaah samskrutehe. 2012 tame varshe enn. bii. sii. ityasya "doo no haarm (tea. vee. shrunkhalaa)" iti shrunkhalaayaah chaturthaam khande etat geetam play krutam, yadaa ian ityeshah aupachaarika-kaaryakrame aagacchati. 2013 tame varshe "e good day too dai haard" iti chalacchitrasya shrenyaah ante etat geetam play krutam. 2019 tame varshe chalachchitre api etat geetam bhajate, "yadaa pratishodhakaah militvaa samayayantrm nirmeeyante.

thuyaramum sogamum "toom andd cloom" enbathu "Grrr!" ilirunththu edukkappatta munnani ottrai.", urulum karkalaal 50 vadhu aandu thoguppu aalbam. idhu october 11,2012 andru ppc radio 2 ill thiraiyidappattathu. paadal pathivu muthal muraiyaaga mick jaagar, keeth richards, chaarli whats mattrum ronnie wood aagiyoar thangal 2005 aalpaththai "oru periya baeng" mudiththathilirunthu aezhu aandugalaaka studiovil ontraaka irunthathaik kuriththathu. athae naalil oru paadal veediyoa yoodiyoopil veliyidappattathu. paadal enn pattiyalidappattathu. englaanthu ottraiyar pattiyalil 61, illai. 26 "vilambarap palagaiyil" jappan hott 100 mattrum illai. october 2012 ill "pill poardu" raak paadalkalin tharavarisaiyil 30. "rolling stone" idhazh "toom andd cloom" endru 2012 aam aandin pathinettaavathu sirantha paadalai peyarittathu. kalavai. inththa paadal "thirantha jii" kittar tuningirku oru thiruppatthai pirathinithiththuvappaduththu, idhu sticky viralgalai iyakkukirathu mattrum pirathaana theruvil naadukadaththappadukirathu. paadalin thodakka rif jaagar moolam isaikkappadukirathu. jacker thaan paadalin pinnaniyil ulla undhu sakthi endrum, thodakka rif-aii jacker vaachippathaakavum richards karutthu therivithaar "naan oru poruttaiyum kodukkavillai. naan avarukku adhai eppadi seivathu endru karpikaamal adhai eppadi vilaiyaaduvathu enbathai avar orupoathum karrukkondirukka mattar." isai veediyoa. inthap paadalukkaana isai veediyoa 20 navambar 2012 andru veliyidappattathu, maelum idhu noami rabase nadiththa saint-denisil ulla chitte duu chinemaavil jonas augerland enbavaraal iyakkappattathu. pirabalamaana kalaachaaraththil. 2012 enn. pii. chii thodarin naankaavathu aththiyaayaththil "endhath theengkum seiyaatheerkal (tholaikaatchi thodar)" endra paadal isaikkappattathu, appoathu iyaan oru muraiyaana nigazhvukku vanthaar. 2013 aam aandu veliyaana "kadinamaaga irappatharku oru nalla naall" thiraippataththin iruthi varavu vaippil inththa paadal isaikkappattathu. 2019 aam aandu thiraippataththil "pazhivaangkum nabarkal ondrukoodi oru naera iyanththiraththai uruvaakkum poathu" endra paadalum isaikkappadukirathu.

dukkham mariyu cheekati "doom und gloom" anedi "grar!" nundi teesukunna pradhana single.", rolling stones dwara 50va vaarshikotsava sankalanam album. idhi 11 october 2012naa bbc radeo radeo pradarsinchabadindi. eee paata yokka recording modatisaarigaa mick jagger, keeth richards, charley wats mariyu roney wood vaari 2005 album "eah bigger byaang" nuu puurti chesinappati nundi edu samvatsaraalu kalisi studiolo unnaaru. adhe roeju oka geetha veediyo yootyooblo vidudalaindi. paata nem. 61 UK singles chaartlo, ledhu. billboard" paie 26 japan hott 100 mariyu ledhu. october october "billboard" rock paatala chaartulo 30. "rolling stone" patrika "doom und gloom" 2012 yokka paddenimidava uttama pataga perkondi. kuurpu. eee paata pradhana veedhiloo sticky vellanu mariyu bahishkarananu saktivantam chese "open zii" guitar tuningku tirogamanaanni suuchistumdi. paata yokka prarambha rifnu jagger vaayistundi. eee paata venuka unna chodaka shakti jagger anie, prarambha rifnu jagger play cheyadam gurinchi richards vyaakhyaaninchaaruh "neenu aemee ananu. neenu ataniki elaa cheyaalo nerpinchakapothe athanu elaa aadalo neerchukooleedu." music veediyo. eee paata kosam oka music veediyo 20 november 2012naa vidudalaindi mariyu seyint-denis looni sitae du cinema vadda jonas aakarland darsakatvam vahinchaaru, indulo noomee rapace natinchaaru. prajaadarana pondina samskrutilo. 2012 enbisi syries yokka nalgava episodelo "doo noo haarm (tv syries)" loe eee patanu play chesaaru, ayan oka adhikaarika kaaryakramaaniki vachinappudu. 2013 chitram "eah good day tuu dye haard" kuu chivari creditlalo eee patanu play chesaaru. 2019 chitramlo kooda eee patanu play chestaaru, "prateekaaramgaa teesukunevaaru kalisi time mesheennu nirminchinappudu.

ghum woo ghasey kaa ahsaas "dome aind glome" "jee aar aar aar!" say liyaa gayaa markazi sangal hay."yee 50 wein salgrah kii taleef album bayee dee roling stones. iss kaa premier 11 aktobar 2012 kuu bee bee see redio 2 parr hawaa. iss gaaney kii recording mein pehli baar nashaan zad kiyaa gayaa kahh meek jeegar keeth richardz chaarli waatz aur runy wode apnay 2005 kay album "aey greeger beng" kuu makmal karnay kay baad saat saal takk studio mein eek saath rahay thay. asee dunn utiob parr eek geeth kii video jaari kii gayee. gaana number parr chaart kiyaa gayaa. bartaniah kay singles chaart parr 61 number parr. 26 "bull board" parr japaan garm 100 aur nahein. aktobar 2012 mein "bull board" raak gaanon kay chaart parr 30. "roling stone" megzin nay "dome aind glome" kuu 2012 kaa utharwan behtareen gaana qaraar diyaa. saakhat. yaha gaana "open jee" gataar teuning kii taraf eek tabdili kii numaindagi kartaa hay juu chapchapa angliyon kuu taaqat deeta hay aur markazi glee parr jalawatni kaa baais bantaa hay. gaaney kaa iftatahi reef jeegar kay zariye bajaya jaataa hay. richardz nay gaaney kay peeche jeegar kay moharrik honay aur iftatahi reef bajanay parr tabsarah kiyaa: "mein koyee baath nahein kartaa. wah kabhi bhee asay khelna nahein seekhta jabb takk kahh mein asay yaha karnaa naha sikhaa doon." music video. iss gaaney kay liye eek music video 20 nomber 2012 kuu jaari kiyaa gayaa thaa aur iss kii hidayat kaaree jonaas aakarland nay sent dense mein saitay duu cinema mein nomi rapes kii adakari mein kii thee. maqbool saqafat mein. yaha gaana 2012 aine bee see seerez "duu noow haarm (tye wee seerez)" kii chothi qast mein chalaya gayaa thaa jabb ayaan eek bazabtah taqrib mein pahunchta hay. yaha gaana 2013 kii film "aey gudd day tuu daayee haard" kay aakhri creadt mein chalaya gayaa thaa. yaha gaana 2019 kii film mein bhee chalaya gayaa hay "jabb badlah leenay waalay akthay hotay haine aur eek tyme masheen banatay haine.

0001557f73fae751df60ff7d3404cbb5ae5a8d71f4168fe8a8bd5f836f1d9811

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11797077

Frank Sando

Frank Sando British long-distance runner (1931–2012) Frank Dennis Sando (14 March 1931 – 13 October 2012) was a British long-distance runner. A two-time winner at the International Cross Country Championships (1955, 1957), Sando represented Great Britain in two consecutive Summer Olympic Games. Early life. Sando was born on 31 March 1931 in Maidstone, to Ernest and Maria Sando. Attending Maidstone Grammar School, Sando first began his involvement in athletics at sixteen, breaking the school mile record. Simultaneously, he began an amateur career at Maidstone Harriers, winning the Kent County Junior Cross-Country Championship in 1948 and the Kent Youth Cross-Country Championship in 1949. He finished fourth in the English Youth Cross-Country Championship in 1948 and 1949. Having left school, Sando undertook National Service in October 1949, joining the army. In 1951, he broke the Army three-mile record which had stood for 23 years, having previously that year won the Inter-Services Cross-Country Championship. Senior career. Leaving the army in 1951, he began working for the Reed Paper Group in Aylesford, Kent, where he met his future wife Sybil Page. After resigning from Maidstone Harriers, Sando joined the Paper Group's athletics club, juggling work, professional examinations, family commitments and his athletic career. It was at this time that he gained the nickname: the "Maidstone Mudlark". The following year, 1952, he finished fifth in the National Cross-Country Championships and ninth in the International Cross-Country Championships. Over the next eight years Sando maintained a record of finishing in the top eight positions in the International Championships, as well as an extended period of captaincy of the British team over seven years. In 1952 he was called up to represent Great Britain at the Helsinki Olympic Games, in the 10,000 m. It was in this event that he famously lost a shoe early in the race but, continuing on with one bare foot, he still managed to finish in fifth position. In 1954 Sando ran in the British Empire and Commonwealth Games, where he finished second in the six miles to Peter Driver and third in the three miles to Chris Chataway. Later in that year he finished third in the 10,000 m in the European Athletics Championships in Berne, Switzerland – which was won by Emil Zátopek. He married Sybil Page in September of the same year. Sando went on to win the International Cross-Country Championships in San Sebastien, Spain in 1955. In 1956, after returning from injury, he finished second in the International Cross-Country Championships. Running well in the domestic track season of 1956, Sando was selected to represent Great Britain in the 10,000 m in the Olympics of that year, where he finished in tenth position. He later described this as the greatest disappointment of his athletic career, and it was the final time he represented his country on the track. In 1957 Sando won the National Cross-Country Championship at Parliament Hill Fields and the International Championships. The International Championships of 1958 resulted in a 3rd-place finish for Sando and, in the two consecutive years, he finished 2nd and 8th in the same competition. However, in 1961 he failed to qualify for the national cross-country team. He subsequently decided to retire from serious athletics to concentrate on family commitments and further study, bringing to an end a long sporting career at the top of world athletics. He was one of many signatories in a letter to "The Times" on 17 July 1958 opposing 'the policy of apartheid' in international sport and defending 'the principle of racial equality which is embodied in the Declaration of the Olympic Games'. Later life. After retiring from athletics, Sando studied at Birkbeck College and graduated with a degree in Statistics in 1964. The following year he resigned from the Reeds Paper Group and joined the Civil Service. He retired from the Civil Service in 1991 as Chief Statistician. Sando continued his involvement with athletics in an organisational capacity into his later years, having been President of Kent County Athletics Association in 1980 and 2003, as well as various other administrative roles within the county organisation. Subsequent to his presidency of KCAA, he continued to be involved in organising grass roots cross-country events. From 2007–2008, Sando served as President of the Old Maidstonian Society. Family and personal life. Sando was married to Sybil and the couple have two children – Lorraine and Andrew – and two grandchildren, Benjamin and Toby Abbott (who both attended Maidstone Grammar School like their grandfather). Until his death in October 2012, Frank continued to live in Aylesford, Kent with his wife – within sight of the Aylesford Paper Mill training ground where his athletic career first began. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

frank chendu frank denis chendu (14 march 1931-13 octobor 2012) ejon britis dirgho durotwor dourobid aasil. antohrastriyo croch country championswipot (1955,1957) dubar bijoyi, senduwe ekerahe dutaa grishmokalin olympic khelot great britainok protinidhitwo korisil. prarombhik jiwan. 1931 sonor 31 marchot maidst 'noto arnest aaru maria chand' ror ghorot chand 'ror jonmo hoisil. maidstone byakrom bidyaloyot porhar pisot senduwe prothome xullo bosor boyoxot athleticsot jorito hoi skool mailor obhilekh bhongo korisil. eke xomoyote, teu maidstone harriersot ek opesadari keriyar aarombho korisil, 1948 sonot kent county juniyor croch-country championswip aaru 1949 sonot kent yuth croch-country championswip joy korisil. 1948 aaru 1949 sonot ingraji yuth croch-country championswipot teu soturtho sthan laabh korisil. skool eri diyar pisot 1949 sonor octobor maahot senduwe xenat jugdan kori rastriyo xewa grohon kore. 1951 sonot teu 23 bosor dhori thoka xenar tini mailor obhilekh bhongo korisil, jaar purbe xei bosor aantoh-xewa croch-country championswip joy korisil. jyestho keriyar. 1951 sonot xenabahini eri teu kentor aailexfordot ridd pepar groopor baabe kaam koriboloi aarombho korisil, zo 'too teu teur bhobisyotor potni sibil pejok log paisil. maidstone harrier poraa podotyag korar pisot, senduwe kagoj gutor athletics klabot jugdan korisil, kaamor xoite haat melisil, pesadari porikhya, poriyalor protisruti aaru teur ethletik keriyarot jugdan korisil. ei xomoyote teu "medstone modlerk" uponam laabh korisil. pisor bosor, 1952 sonot teu rastriyo croch-country championswipot ponchom aaru antohrastriyo croch-country championswipot nowom sthan laabh korisil. poroborti aath bosorot senduwe antohrastriyo championswipot xirxo aathta sthanot xex korar obhilekh bojai rakhisil, logote xaat bosor dhori britis dolor odhinayokotwor ek xomproxarito xomoikal bojai rakhisil. 1952 sonot teuk 10,000 mitarot helsingki olympic gamesot great britainok protinidhitwo koriboloi aahban jonuwa hoisil. ei protijugitat teu protijugitar aarombhonite bikhyatbhabe jutaa etaa heruwaisil jodiu etaa khaali bhorire aagbarhi goi teu tetiyau ponchom sthanot xex koriboloi xokhyom hoisil. 1954 sonot senduwe britis xamrajyo aaru commonwealth gamesot dourisil, zo 'too teu choy mailot pitter driveror pisot dwitiyo aaru tini mailot crich syatwer pisot tritiyo sthan laabh korisil. xei bosoror xexor faale teu swizerlandor barnet onusthito europiyo athletics championswipot 10,000 mitarot tritiyo sthan laabh korisil-jitu emil jotupeke joy korisil. xei bosoror septembor maahot teu sibil pejor xoite bibahpaxot aabodho hoisil. senduwe 1955 sonot spainor chaan sebastiyenot onusthito antohrastriyo croch-country championswipot joylabh korisil. 1956 sonot aaghator poraa ubhoti ohaar pisot teu antohrastriyo croch-country championswipot dwitiyo sthan laabh korisil. 1956 sonor ghoruwa trekk sijonot bhaldore douri thoka chenduk xei bosoror olimpikot 10,000 mitarot great britainok protinidhitwo koriboloi nirbasito koraa hoisil, zo 'too teu doxom sthanot xex korisil. pisoloi teu iyak teur ethletik karrier ataitkoi dangor hotaxa buli bornona korisil, aaru eituwei aasil ontim baaror baabe teu trekot nijor dexok protinidhitwo korisil. 1957 sonot senduwe parlament hill fieldot rastriyo croch-country championswip aaru antohrastriyo championswip joy korisil. 1958 sonor antohrastriyo championswipor pholsworupe chendur baabe tritiyo sthan laabh korisil aaru ekerahe dubosorot teu ekekhon protijugitat dwitiyo aaru ostom sthan laabh korisil. obosye 1961 sonot teu rastriyo croch-country dolor baabe jugyota orjon korat byortho hoisil. poroborti xomoyot teu poriyalor protisruti aaru poroborti odhyoyonot monuniwex koriboloi guruttopurno athleticsor poraa owoxor luwar xiddhanto loisil, jaar folot biswo athleticsor xirxot thoka ek digholiya krira karrier onto porisil. 1958 sonor 17 julyte "dyo times"-loi likha ekhon potrot teu antorjatik krirat 'bornoboixomyor niti' ror birudhita korisil aaru 'olympic krirar ghuxonat ontorbhukto thoka bornogoto xomotar niti' ror protirudh korisil. poroborti jiwan. athleticsor poraa owoxor luwar pisot senduwe barkback collegeot odhyoyon korisil aaru 1964 sonot porixongkhyar degree laabh korisil. poroborti bosorot teu rids pepar groopor poraa podotyag korisil aaru oxamorik xewat jugdan korisil. 1991 sonot teu mukhyo porixongkhyabid hisape oxamorik xewar poraa owoxor grohon korisil. 1980 aaru 2003 sonot kent county athletics ess "siyesyonor xobhapoti huwar logote county xongothonor bhitorot aan bibhinno proxaxonik bhumika paalon korar pisotor bosorburot senduwe xangothonik khyomotat athleticsor xoite jorito hoi aasil. key. chi. e. e.-ror odhyokhyo huwar pisot teu trinamul porzayor croch-contry event aayujonor xoite jorito hoi aasil. 2007-2008 ror poraa, senduwe puroni maidst 'niyan xomajor xobhapoti hisape karzonirbah korisil. poriyal aaru byoktigoto jiwan. chendu sibilor xoite bibahpaxot aabodho hoisil aaru dompotihalor dutaa xontan aase-lorein aaru endru-aaru dujon naati-natini, benjamin aaru tobby ebot (ji duyu teulukor kokakor dore maidston byakhyamulok bidyaloyot porhisil). 2012 sonor octobor maahot teur mrityu huwaloike franke teur potnir xoite kentor elsfordot baax kori aasil-elsford kagoj koll proxikhyon khelpotharor dristir bhitorot zo 'too teur ethletik keriyar prothome aarombho hoisil.

franc sando franc dennis sando (14 march 1931-13 octobor 2012) chhilen ekjon british durpallar daudavid. antorjatik cross country championshipe (1955,1957) duibarer vijayi, sando porpor duti grissokalin olympic gamese greta brittener protinidhitto korechilen. prathomik jeebon. sando 1931 saaler 31shhey march medstone ernest ebong maria sandor ghore jonmogrohon corren. medstone byakaran bidyalaye padashona korey, sando prothom shole bochor boyse athleticse jorito hotey shuru corren, jaa school myle record venge deyo. ekoi somoye, tini medstone harriersey ekti apeshadar karmajiban shuru corren, 1948 saale kent county junior cross-country championship ebong 1949 saale kent jubo cross-country championship jitechilen. 1948 ebong 1949 saale tini inglish jubo cross-country championshipe choturtho sthan orjon corren. school chhede diye 1949 saaler octobore senabahinite jog diye jatiya seba grohon corren sando. 1951 saale tini senabahinir tinn mailer record venge deena, jaa 23 bochor dhorey chhilo, ebong seii bochorer shurute tini antohbahini cross-country championship jitechilen. senior carrier. 1951 saale senabahini chhede tini kenter alesforde noll kagaj doler jonno kaaj shuru corren, jekhane taanr bhabishyat stree sibil pejer saathe taanr dekha hoy. medstone harriers theke podotyag korar porr, sando pepper grouper athletics clubey jog deena, kaaj, peshadar porikkha, paribarik protishruti ebong taar athletic kormojibone jog deena. eyi somoyei tini "medstone modlark" daknamti orjon korechilen. porer bochor, 1952 saale, tini jatiya cross-country championshipe pancham ebong antorjatik cross-country championshipe nobom sthan orjon corren. poroborti aatt bochore sando antorjatik championshipe sheersho atti sthane shesh korar record bojay rekhechilen, pashapashi shaat bochorero beshi somoy dhorey british doler adhinayakatter ekti bordhito samaykal bojay rekhechilen. 1952 saale helsinki olympic gamese 10,000 mitare greta brittener protinidhitto korar jonno taanke daca hoy. eyi eventei tini dauder shurute ekti juto hariechilen, kintu ekti khaali paye chaliye giyeo tini pancham sthane shesh korte perechilen. 1954 saale sando british samrajya ebong commonwealth gamese daudechilen, jekhane tini chhoy myle daude pitter driver porey dwitiya ebong tinn myle daude criss chyatwete tritiya sthan orjon korechilen. seii bochorer shesher dike tini suizerlander burney europea athletics championshipe 10,000 mitare tritiya sthan orjon corren-jaa emil jotopec jitechilen. ekoi bochorer septembore tini sibil pageke biye corren. 1955 saale spener shaan sebastiene antorjatik cross-country championshipe sando joylav corren. 1956 saale, aghat theke firey aasaar porr, tini antorjatik cross-country championshipe dwitiya sthan orjon corren. 1956 saaler gharoa track morsume bhalbhabe daudate giye, seii bochorer olympyke 10,000 mitare greta brittener protinidhitto korar jonno sando nirbachito hohn, jekhane tini dasham sthane shesh corren. porey tini etike taanr athletic carrier sabcheye borh hatasha hisabe bornona korechilen ebong ate chhilo sheshbar tini tracker upor taanr desher protinidhitto korechilen. 1957 saale sando parliament hill fielde jatiya cross-country championship ebong antorjatik championship jitechilo. 1958 saaler antorjatik championshiper foley sando tritiya sthan orjon korey ebong porpor dui bochor ekoi protijogitai protijogitai oo 8maum sthan orjon korey. tobey, 1961 saale tini jatiya cross-country doler jonno jogyata orjon korte byartho hohn. porobortikale tini paribarik protishruti ebong arow adhyayaner dike mononibesh korar jonno gurutoro athletics theke abosar neoar siddhanta nene, jaa bishwa athleticser shirshe ekti deergho krida kormojiboner abosan ghotay. 1958 saaler 17ee julai antorjatik kridaay 'bornobad nitir' birodhita korey ebong 'olympic gameser ghoshanai moorto jatigoto somotar neeti' rakkha korey 'dya times'-keey lekha ekti chitthite swakkhorkarider modhye tini chhilen ekjon. poroborti jeebon. athletics theke abosar neoar porr, sando barkbeck college padashona corren ebong 1964 saale porisongkhane degree orjon corren. porer bochor tini reeds pepper group theke podotyag corren ebong civille service jog deena. 1991 saale tini prodhan porisongkhanobid hisebe civille service theke abosar grohon corren. 1980 ebong 2003 saale kent county athletics associationer sabhapati howar pashapashi county sangathaner modhye anyanno bivinno proshashonik bhumikar pashapashi sando taar poroborti bochorgulite sangathanik khomotai athleticser saathe taar sampriktata abyahoto rekhechilen. kcaa-rawr sabhapatir porr, tini trinamul store antahdeshiya anusthaner ayojoner sange jorito chhilen. 2007-2008 theke, sando old medstonian societyr sabhapati hisabe dayitto palon korechilen. paribarik ebong byaktigato jeebon. sando sibiler saathe bibah bondhone aboddho hoyechilen ebong eyi dampatir duti santan royeche-lorren ebong andru-ebong dui naati-natni, benzamin ebong tobby abot (jaaraa dujonei taader dadar moto medstone byakaran bidyalaye padashona korechilen). 2012 saaler octobore taar mrityur agey porjonto, frank taar strir saathe kenter alesforde bosobas chaliye zaan-alasphord pepper mill proshikkhon matther drishtite jekhane taar athletic karmajiban prothom shuru hoyechilo.

frank sendo frank dennis sendo (14 march 1931-13 october 2012) british laambaa antarnaa dodvir hataa. aantarrashtriy cross country championship (1955,1957) maan beey vakhat vijeta, sando satat beey unaalu olympic ramatomaa greta breetannu pratinidhitva karyoo hatoo. praarambhik jeevan. sandono janm 31 march march roj medstonemaa ernest aneey maria sandona ghare thayo hato. madstone vyaakaran shaalaama bhanata, sando saupratham sola varshnee ummare athleticsma temnee sandovani sharoo curry, jene shaala mileno vikram todyo. saathe saathe, temane madstone harriers khaate kalapremi karkidrini sharuaat curry, curry qenta kaauntii juniyar cross-country championship aneey october qenta youth cross-country championship jeetee. teo 1948 aneey october angreji youth cross-country champiyanshipma chothaa sthaane rahyaa hataa. shaala chhodya baad, sando october october raashtriy sevaa haath dharee aneey senaama jodaya. karkirdi, temane 23 varsh sudhee tucky rahelo senaano trana mileno vikram todyo hato, jeey agau teey varshe aantar-sevaao cross-country championship jeetee hatee. varishth karkirdi. karkirdi senaa chhodine, temane kentnaa elisfordmaan reed papper group maate kaama karvaanu sharoo karyoo, jyaan teo temnee bhaavi patnee sibil pejne malyaa hataa. madstone harriersmanthi raajinaamu aapyaa pachhi, sendo papper groupnaa athletics klabmaa jodaayo, kaama, vyaavsaayik parikshaao, paarivaarik pratibaddhtaao aneey tenee ramatgamatni kaarkirdimaa jodaayo. aaa samaye jaj temne "madstone mudlark" upnaam malyun hatoo. teey pachhinaa varshe, hato, teo raashtriy cross-country champiyanshipma paanchmaa aneey aantarrashtriy cross-country champiyanshipma navmaa sthaane rahyaa hataa. aagaami aath varshmaa sando aantarrashtriy champiyanshipma tochnaa aath sthaane rahevaano vikram jaalvi raakhyo hato, temaj saat varshmaa british teamnee sukanipadno vistrut samaygaalo jaalvi raakhyo hato. hato temne helsinki olympic ramatomaa 10,000 meterma greta breetannu pratinidhitva karvaa maate bolavvama aavyaa hataa. aaa jaj ghatanama temane resnee sharuaatmaa aek jutaa gumaavyaa hataa, parantu aek ughaada pug saathe aagad vadhata teo haju pann paanchmaa sthaane jaj rahyaa hataa. hataa sendo british saamrajya aneey commonwealth gamesma dodyo hato, jyaan teey chh milemaan pieter driver pachhi beeja aneey trana milemaan criss chetway pachhi trija sthaane rahyo hato. teey jaj varshe pachhithi teey switzerlandna burnma european athletics champiyanshipma 10,000 meterma trija sthaane rahyo hato-jeey emil zetopeke jeetyo hato. temane teey jaj varshe septembermaa sibil pej saathe lagna karyaa hataa. sendo sendo spainnaa seena sebastianma aantarrashtriy cross-country championship jeetyo hato. hato, ijamathi parat faryaa baad, teey aantarrashtriy cross-country champiyanshipma beeja sthaane rahyo hato. hato sthaaneek track seasonma saaree reete dodataa, sandone teey varshnaa olympicma 10,000 meterma greta breetannu pratinidhitva karvaa maate pasand karvaamaa aavyaa hataa, jyaan teo dasmaa sthaane rahyaa hataa. paachhalthi temane aaney temnee ramatgamat karkidrini sauthee motee nirasha ganaavi hatee aneey teey chhelli vakhat hatoo jyaare temane track parr potaana deshnu pratinidhitva karyoo hatoo. hatoo sando sansadnaa parvateey kshetroma raashtriy cross-country championship aneey aantarrashtriy championship jeetee hatee. hatee aantarrashtriy champiyanshipma sendo trija sthaane rahyo hato aneey satat beey varshmaa teey jaj spardhama beeja aneey aathma sthaane rahyo hato. joke, joke teo raashtriy cross-country team maate kwolifay thavama nishfal rahyaa hataa. tyarbad temane paarivaarik pratibaddhtaao aneey vadhu abhyaas parr dhyaan kendrit karvaa maate gambhir athleticsmanthi nivrutti levaanu nakki karyoo, jenaathi vishva athleticsma toach parr laambi ramatgamat karkidrino anta aavyo. teo 17 julai julai roj 'dhaa times' neey lakhela patramaa hastakshar karnara ghanaa hastaksharkartaomana aek hataa, jemane aantarrashtriy ramatmaa 'rangbhedi neetee' noow veerodh karyo hato aneey 'olympic ramatoni ghoshanama ankeet vansheey samantana siddhaant' noow bachaav karyo hato. pachhinu jeevan. athleticsmanthi nivrutti leedha pachhi, sando berkback collegemaa abhyaas karyo aneey aneey aankadashastrama degree saathe snaatak thayaa. teey pachhinaa varshe temane reeds papper juthmathi raajinaamu aapyu aneey nagrik sevama jodaya. teo teo mukhya aankadashastri tareeke nagrik sevamathi nivrutt thayaa hataa. sando temnaa pachhinaa varshomaa sangathhanaatmak kshamtama athletics saathe temnee sandovani chaalu raakhi, 1980 aneey aneey qenta kaauntii athletics association pramukh rahyaa, temaj kaauntii sansthama anya viveedh vahivati bhoomikao bhajvi. keey. see. aee. aee. naa adhyakshpad pachhi, teo payana stare aantar-desh kaarykramonaa aayojanma saamel rahyaa hataa. 2007-2008 thee, sando junaa medstonian samajna pramukh tareeke sevaa aapee hatee. paarivaarik aneey vyaktigat jeevan. sandona lagna sibil saathe thayaa hataa aneey aaa dampatine beey baadako chhe-lorren aneey andrew-aneey beey pautro, benjamin aneey tobby abot (jeey banne temnaa daadani jaim madstone vyaakaran shaalaama bhanata hataa). october october temnaa mrutyu sudhee, frank temnee patnee saathe elisfordmaan raheta rahyaa-ellisford papper mill taaleem medanni najarmaa jyaan temnee athletic karkidrini sharuaat thaee hatee.

frank sando frank dennis sando (14 march 1931-13 octuber 2012) ack british lambi doori key dhaavak they. antarrashtriya cross country championship (1955,1957) mein dou baar key vijeta, sando ney lagaatar dou grishmakaaleen olympic khelon mein grate britten kaa pratinidhitva kiya. praarambhik jeevan. sando kaa janm 31 march 1931 koo medstone mein ernest aur maria sando key ghar huaa thaa. medstone vyaakaran vidyalaya mein bhaag lete hue, sando ney pahali baar solah saal kii umr mein athletics mein apani bhagidari shuru kii, jisase school meal kaa record toot gayaa. saath hii, unhone medstone harriers mein ack shaukiya currier shuru kiya, 1948 mein kent county junier cross-country championship aur 1949 mein kent youth cross-country championship jeeti. way 1948 aur 1949 mein angreji yuva cross-country championship mein chauthe sthaan parr rahey. school chhodane key baad, sando ney octuber 1949 mein senaa mein shamil hocker rashtriya seva shuru kii. 1951 mein, unhone senaa kaa teen meal kaa record toda diyaa, joe 23 varshon taka banaa rhaa thaa, aur isase pahale usa varsh unhone antar-seva cross-country championship jeeti thee. varishth carrier. 1951 mein senaa chhodate hue, unhone kent key elisford mein reed pepper samooh key liye kaam karna shuru kiya, jahan way apani bhaavi patni sibil pays seey mille. medstone harriers seey istifa dene key baad, sando pepper samooh key athletics club mein shamil hoe gaye, kaam, peshevar pareekshaon, parivarik pratibaddhataon aur apane athletic currier mein shamil hoe gaye. isi samay unhone "medstone mudlark" upnaam praapt kiya thaa. agale varsh, 1952 mein, unhone rashtriya cross-country championship mein paanchvaan aur antarrashtriya cross-country championship mein nauvaan sthaan hassil kiya. agale aathh varshon mein sando ney antarrashtriya championship mein sheersh aathh padon parr rahane kaa record banaae rakhaa, saath hii saat varshon mein british team kii kaptani kii vistaarit avadhi bhee banaai. 1952 mein unhein helsinki olympic khelon mein 10,000 meater mein grate britten kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye bulaaya gayaa thaa. iss ghatana mein unhone daud kii shuruat mein ack jootaa khou diyaa thaa, lekin ack nange pair key saath jaari rakhate hue, way abhee bhee paanchven sthaan parr rahane mein kamyab rahey. 1954 mein sando british samrajya aur rashtramandal khelon mein bhaag liya, jahan vaha peater driver key liye chhah meal mein dusare aur criss chatway key liye teen meal mein teesare sthaan parr rahey. usa varsh baad mein unhone burn, switzerland mein europeeya athletics championship mein 10,000 meater mein teesara sthaan hassil kiya-jise emil zatopec ney jeetaa thaa. unhone usee varsh sitambar mein sibil pays seey shaadi kii. sando ney 1955 mein spen key saine sebestian mein antarrashtriya cross-country championship jeeti. 1956 mein, chot seey lautane key baad, vaha antarrashtriya cross-country championship mein dusare sthaan parr rahey. 1956 key gharelu track season mein achchi tarah seey daudate hue, sando koo usa varsh key olympic mein 10,000 meater mein grate britten kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye chunaa gayaa thaa, jahan vaha dasaven sthaan parr rahey. baad mein unhone ise apane athletic currier kii sabse badee nirasha key roop mein varnit kiya, aur yeh antim samay thaa jaba unhone track parr apane desh kaa pratinidhitva kiya. 1957 mein sando ney sansad key pahaadi kshetron mein rashtriya cross-country championship aur antarrashtriya championship jeeti. 1958 kii antarrashtriya championship key parinamswarup sando key liye teesara sthaan praapt kiya aur lagaatar dou varshon mein, vaha usee pratiyogita mein dusare aur aathven sthaan parr rahey. haalaanki, 1961 mein vaha rashtriya cross-country team key liye arhata praapt karane mein whiffle rahey. baad mein unhone parivarik pratibaddhataon aur aage key adhyayan parr dhyaan kendrit karane key liye gambhir athletics seey sevaanivritt honey kaa faisala kiya, jisase vishva athletics key sheersh parr ack lambe khel currier kaa anta hoe gayaa. vaha 17 julaai 1958 koo "dha times" koo likhe ack patra mein hastakshar karane vaalon mein seey ack they, jinhone antarrashtriya khel mein 'rangbhed kii neeti' kaa virodh kiya aur 'nasleeya samaantaa key siddhant kaa bachaav kiya joe olympic khelon kii ghoshana mein sannihit haye. baad mein jeevan. athletics seey sevaanivritt honey key baad, sando ney birkbeck college mein adhyayan kiya aur 1964 mein saankhyiki mein degree key saath snaatak kiya. agale varsh unhone reeds pepper samooh seey istifa dey diyaa aur sivil seva mein shamil hoe gaye. way 1991 mein mukhya saankhyikeevid key roop mein sivil seva seey sevaanivritt hue. sando ney apane baad key varshon mein sangathanaatmak kshamata mein athletics key saath apani bhagidari jaari rakhee, 1980 aur 2003 mein kent county athletics association key adhyaksh rahey, saath hii county sangathan key bheetar vibhinn anya prashaasnik bhoomikaaen bhee nibhai. key. see. aeye. aeye. kii adhyakshata key baad, unhone jamini star parr cross-country karyakramon key ayojan mein shamil rehna jaari rakhaa. 2007-2008 seey, sando ney puraane medstonian samaaj key adhyaksh key roop mein kaary kiya. parivarik aur vyaktigat jeevan. sando kii shaadi sibil seey hui thee aur dampati key dou bachche hain-lorren aur andreau-aur dou potey-potiyaan, benjamin aur toby abot (joe donon apane daadaa kii tarah medstone vyaakaran vidyalaya mein padhate they). octuber 2012 mein apani mrityu taka, frank ney apani patni key saath elisford mein rehna jaari rakhaa-elisford pepper mill prashikshan maidan kii drishti mein jahaan unakaa athletic currier pahali baar shuru huaa thaa.

fraank sando fraank dennis sando (14 march 1931-13 october 2012) british doorada otagaararaagiddaru. antaaraashtriya cross kantri champiyanshipgalalli (1955,1957) eradu baari vijetaraagidda sando, satata eradu besige olympic kridakutagalalli grate britannannu pratinidhisidaru. arambhika jeevana. sando 1931rahra march 31randu medstonelli ernest mattu maria sando dampatige janisidaru. midestone vyakarana shaalege haajaraada sando, hadinaarane vayassinalli athleticsnalli todagisikollalu praarambhisi, shaala maili daakhaleyannu muridaru. ekakaaladalli, avaru madestone harriersonalli havyasi vrattijeevanavannu praarambhisidaru, 1948 ralli kent kaunti junier cross-kantri championship mattu 1949 ralli kent yooth cross-kantri championship annu geddaru. avaru 1948 mattu 1949 ralli inglish yooth cross-kantri champiyanshipnalli nalkane sthana galisidaru. shaaleyannu toreda nantara, sando 1949rahra octobernalli rashtriya seveyannu kaigondaru, sainyakke seridaru. 1951ralli, avaru 23 varshagala kaala nintiruva seeneya mooru mailigala daakhaleyannu muridaru, aaa varshada hinde antara-sevegala cross-kantri championship annu geddaru. hiriya vrutti. 1951ralli sainyavannu toreda avaru, kentna ailesphordnalli reed paper groupnalli kelasa maadalu praarambhisidaru, allie avaru tamma bhaavi patni sibil pages avarannu bhetiyaadaru. madestone hyaariyargalige rajiname needida nantara, sando paper groupna athletics klabge seridaru, kushalateyinda kelasa maadidaru, vruttipara parikshegalu, kutumbada baddhategalu mattu avara athletic vrattijeevanavannu seridaru. ee samayadalli aata "madestone mudlark" emba addahesarannu padedaru. mundina varsha, 1952ralli, avaru rashtriya cross-kantri champiyanshipgalalli aidane sthana mattu antararashtriya cross-kantri champiyanshipgalalli ombattane sthana galisidaru. mundina entu varsagalalli sando antaaraashtriya champiyanshipgalalli agra entu sthanagalalli sthana padeda daakhaleyannu ulisikondaru, jotege elu varshagala kaala british tandada naayakatvada avadhiyannu vistarisidaru. 1952ralli, 10,000 meater otadalli helsinki olympic kridakutadalli grate britannannu pratinidhisalu avarannu karesalaayitu. ee sandarbhadalli avaru otada aarambhadalli prasiddhavagi ondu shoo annu kaledukondaru, aadare, ondu barigaalinondige munduvareyuttaa, avaru innoo aidane sthaanadalli mugisuvalli yashasviyaadaru. 1954ralli british saamraajya mattu kamanwealth kridakutagalalli sando spardhisi, allie peater driverna nantara aaru mailigalalli eradane mattu criss chatwege mooru mailigalalli moorane sthana galisidaru. aaa varshada koneyalli avaru switzerlandna burnalli nadeda european athletics champiyanshipnalli 10,000 meater otadalli moorane sthana galisidaru-idannu emil jhatopek geddaru. adhe varshada septembernalli aata sibil pages avarannu vivaahavaadaru. 1955ralli spaine syaan sebastiannalli nadeda antaaraashtriya cross-kantri champiyanshipgalannu sando geddaru. 1956ralli, gaayadinda hindirugida nantara, avaru antaaraashtriya cross-kantri champiyanshipgalalli eradane sthana galisidaru. 1956rahra deshiya track rtuvinalli uttamavaagi oduttidda sando, aaa varshada olympicsnalli 10,000 meater otadalli grate britannannu pratinidhisalu aaykeyaadaru, allie avaru hattane sthaanadalli mugisidaru. nantara avaru idannu tamma athletic vrattijeevanada atyanta dodda nirashe endu bannisidaru mattu idu avaru tracknelly tamma deshavannu pratinidhisida koneya samayavagittu. 1957ralli samsattina giri maidaanagalalli nadeda rashtriya cross-kantri championship mattu antaaraashtriya champiyanshipgalannu sando geddukonditu. 1958rahra antaaraashtriya champiyanshipgalalli sando 3neey sthana galisidaru mattu satata eradu varsagalalli adhe spardheyalli 2neey mattu 8neey sthana galisidaru. aadaagyoo, 1961ralli avaru rashtriya cross-kantri tandakke arhate padeyuvalli viphalaraadaru. taruvaaya avaru kautumbika baddhategalu mattu hecchina adhyayanada mele gamana kendrikarisalu gambhira athletiksninda nivruttaragalu nirdharisidaru, idu vishwa athleticsnalli agrasthaanadalliruva sudirgha creeda vrattijeevanavannu konegolisitu. 1958rahra julai 17randu 'dhii times' ge bareda patradalli antaaraashtriya krideyalli 'varnabheda neetiya' viruddha mattu 'olympic kridaakootagala ghoshaneyalli adakavagiruva janangiya samaanateya tatwa' vannu samarthisikondidda aneka sahigararalli aata obbaraagiddaru. nantarada jeevana. athletiksninda nivruttaraada nantara, sando avaru birkbeck colleginalli adhyayana maadidaru mattu 1964 ralli ankiamshagalalli padavi padedaru. mundina varsha avaru reeds paper gumpige rajiname niididaru mattu nagarika sevege seridaru. avaru 1991ralli mukhya sankhyashaastragnaraagi nagarika seveyinda nivruttaraadaru. 1980 mattu 2003ralli kent kaunti athletics association adhyaksharaagi, haageye kaunti samstheyolagina itara halavaaru aadalitaatmaka patragalannu nirvahisida sando, tamma nantarada varsagalalli samsthika saamarthyadalli athletiksnondige tamma palgolluvikeyannu munduvaresidaru. tamma keey. sii. aa. aa. adhyakshateya nantara, avaru talamattada vividha desagalalli kaaryakramagalannu ayojisuvalli todagisikondaru. 2007-2008 ninda, sando haleya madestonian society adhyaksharaagi seve sallisidaru. kutumba mattu vaiyaktika jeevana. sando sibil avarannu vivaahavaadaru mattu dampatige ibbaru makkaliddaare-loraine mattu andrew-mattu ibbaru mommakkalu, benjamin mattu tobby abbot (ibbaroo tamma ajjiyante madestone vyakarana shaalege haajaraagiddaru). october 2012 ralli tanna maranadavaregu, fraank tanna athletic vrattijeevanavannu modalu praarambhisida aylesphord paper mill tarabeti maidaanada drashtiyalli tanna hendatiyondige aylesphord, kentnalli vasisuvudannu munduvaresidanu.

frank sando frank dennis sando (14 march 1931-13 october 2012) oru britiish deerghadoora oottakkaaranaayirunnu. anthaaraashtra cross kantri chaambyanshippil (1955,1957) rund thavana vijayicha sando thudarchayaayi rund venalkkaala olimbiku geyimukalil grettu brittane prathinidheekarichu. aadyakaala jeevitam. 1931 march 31 nuu maidstonil ernestinteyum maria sando makalaayi sando janichu. maidstoon grammer schoolil chernna sando pathinaram vayassil athlattiksil aadyamaayi pankedukkaan thudangi, school mile record thakarthu. 1948ll kent kaundi juuniyar cross-kantri chaambyanshippum 1949ll kent yoothu cross-kantri chaambyanshippum nediya addeham, athodoppam, maidston haariyezhsil oru amachwar currier aarambhichu. aarambhichu 1948lum engleesh yoothu cross-kantri chaambyanshippil naalam sthaanathethi. school patanam upekshicha sesham 1949 octoberil sando deseeya sevanam etteduthu sainyathil chernnu. 1951ll, 23 varshamaayi nilaninnirunna moonnu mile record addeham thakarthu, aaa varsham munbu inter-sarveesas cross-kantri chaambyanshippu nedi. seeniyar currier. 1951ll sainyathil ninnu viramicha addeham kentile ayalsfordile reed paper groupil jolie cheyyaan thudangi, avidevechu thante bhaavi bharyayaaya sibil pejine kandumutty. maidston haariyezhsil ninnu raajivacha sesham, sando paper grouppinte athlattiks clubble chernnu, jolie, professional pareekshakal, kudumba prathibaddhathakal, thante athlattik currier enniva kaikaaryam cheythu. eee samayathaan addehathinu "maidston mudd larke" enna vilipperu labhichathu. adutha varsham, 1952ll deseeya cross-kantri chaambyanshippil anchaam sthaanathum anthaaraashtra cross-kantri chaambyanshippil onpathaam sthaanathum addeham finish cheythu. adutha ettu varshathinide anthaaraashtra chaambyanshippile aadya ettu sthaanangalil finish cheythathinte record ezhu varshathilere britiish teaminte neenda captancy kaalayalavum sando nilanirtthi. 1952ll helsinghi olimbiku gamesil 10,000 meettaril grettu brittane prathinideekarikkaan addehathe vilichirunnu. eee malsarathilaanu addehathinu oottathinte thudakkathil oru shhoo nashtamaayath, ennaal oru nagnapaadatthode thudarnna addehathinu appozhum anchaam sthaanathu finish cheyyaan kazhinju. 1954ll britiish saamraajyathilum komanvelthu gamesilum oodiya sando aarr mylil peettar driverk randaam sthaanavum moonnu mylil kriss chaattaveykku moonnaam sthaanavum nedi. aaa varsham pinneedu swittsarlandile bernil nadanna europian athlattiks chaambyanshippil 10,000 meettaril addeham moonnaam sthaanathethi-athu emil sattopek nedi. athe varsham septambaril addeham sibil pejine vivaham kazhichu. 1955ll speyinile saan sebaasteenil nadanna anthaaraashtra cross-kantri chaambyanshippil sando vijayichu. 1956ll parikkine thudarnnu madangiyethiya addeham anthaaraashtra cross-kantri chaambyanshippil randaam sthaanathethi. sthaanathethi aabhyanthara track seasonil nannayi oodiya sando aaa varshathe olimbiksil 10,000 meettaril grettu brittane prathinideekarikkaan thiranjedukkappedukayum avide patthaam sthaanathethukayum cheythu. thante athlattik kariyarile ettavum valia niraashayaayi addeham pinneedu ithine visheshippichu, avasaanamaayi addeham thante raajyathe trackle prathinidheekarichu. 1957ll paarlament hill feeldukalil nadanna deseeya cross-kantri chaambyanshippilum anthaaraashtra chaambyanshippilum sando vijayichu. vijayichu anthaaraashtra chaambyanshippil sando moonnaam sthaanathethukayum thudarchayaaya rund varshangalil athe malsarathil randaamatheyum ettaamatheyum sthaanangalil finish cheyyukayum cheythu. ennaal 1961ll deseeya cross kantri teamilek yogyatha nedunnathil addeham parajayappettu. kudumba prathibaddhathakalilum kooduthal padanatthilum shradha kendreekarikkunnathinaayi gurutharamaaya athlattiksil ninnu viramikkaan addeham pinneedu theerumaanichu, ithu loka athlattiksil onnaamathethiya oru neenda kaayika jeevitam avasaanippichu. 1958 juulai juulai anthaaraashtra kaayikarangatthe 'varnnavivechana nayathe' ethirkkukayum 'olimbiku geyimsinte prakhyaapanatthil ulkkollunna vamseeya samathvathinte thathwathe' samrakshikkukayum cheythukondu 'timesinu' ezhuthiya kathil oppitta niravadhi peril oraalaayirunnu addeham. pinneedulla jeevitam. athlattiksil ninnu viramicha sesham sando birkbeck collegil padikkukayum 1964ll staattistiksil birudam nedukayum cheythu. adutha varsham addeham reeds paper groupil ninnu raajivachu sivil sarveesil chernnu. 1991ll cheef statisteeshyan enna nilayil addeham sivil sarveesil ninnu viramichu. viramichu 1980lum kent kaundi athlattiks association presidentaayum kaundi oorganaiseshanile mattu niravadhi bharanaparamaya rolukalilum sevanamanushticha sando thante pilkkala varshangalil samghadanaaparamaaya padaviyil athlattiksumaayulla thante pankaalittham thudarnnu. keey. sii. eiii. eiii prasidantaayirunnathinum, addeham thaazhethattil cross-kantri paripaadikal samghadippikkunnathil thudarnnu. <aii. dii. 1> ll ninnu sando pazhaya midestonian sosaittiyude presidentaayi sevanamanushtichu. kudumbavum vyakthiparamaaya jeevithavum. sando sibiline vivaham kazhichu, eee dambathikalkku rund makkalundu-loraine, andrew-rund kochumakkal, benchamin, tobby abbot (iruvarum avarude muthachaneppole maidston vyaakarana schoolil padichu). 2012 octoberil marikkunnathuvare, frank thante athlattik currier aadyamaayi aarambhicha ayalsphord paper mill pariseelana groundinte kaazhchayil bhaaryayodoppam ayalsfordilaanu thaamasichirunnathu.

phrank sando phrank dennis sando (14 march 1931-13 aktoobar 2012) haah eka british lamb pallyacha dhavpatu hota. aantarrashtriy cross country ajinkyapad spardhet (1955,1957) done vela vijetepad patkavanaya sandone salag done unhali olympic khelanmadhye gret brittonche pratinidhitva kele. prarambhik jeevan. sandocha janm 31 march 1931 roji medstone yethe ernest aanee maria sando yanchya potee jhaala. medstone vyakaran shalet shikat asatana, sandone vayachya sola vya varshi shaley mailancha vikram modat, ethleticsmadhye sahbhag ghenyas suruvat kelee. tyach velee, tyane medstone harriersmadhye haushi karkird suru kelee, 1948 madhye kent county junier cross-country ajinkyapad spardha aanee 1949 madhye kent youth cross-country ajinkyapad spardha jinkley. 1948 aanee 1949 madhye ingraji yuva cross-country ajinkyapad spardhet too chauthya sthanavar rahila. shaala sodalyanantar, sandone aktoobar 1949 madhye rashtriy seva haatee ghetali aanee sainyat bharati jhaale. 1951 madhye, tyanni 23 varshe ubha asalela lashkaracha teen mailancha vikram modala, tyaa varshi tyanni aantar-seva cross-country ajinkyapad spardha jinkley hotee. varishtha karkird. 1951 madhye lashkar sodoon, tyanni kent yetheel ilesford yetheel reed pepper groupsathi kaam karnyas suruvat kelee, jithe tyanchi bhavee patni sibil pages yanchyashi bhet jhaali. medstone harrierscha rajinama dilyanantar, sando pepper groupchya athletics klabmadhye sameel jhaala, kaam, vyavsayik pariksha, kautumbik bandhilaki aanee tyachi ethletic karkird. yach velee tyala 'medstone mudlark' heey topananav midale. tyanantarchya varshi, 1952 madhye, too rashtriy cross-country ajinkyapad spardhet pachvya aanee aantarrashtriy cross-country ajinkyapad spardhet navvya sthanavar rahila. pudhil aath varshant sandone aantarrashtriy ajinkyapad spardhanmadhye avval aath sthananvar rahanyacha vikram kayam thewala, tasech saat varshanparyant british sanghachya karnadharpadacha vistarit kalavadhi kayam thewala. 1952 madhye helsinki olympic khelanmadhye 10,000 meater sharyatit gret brittonche pratinidhitva karnyasathi tyanna bolavanyat aale hote. yaa spardhetach tyane sharyatichya suruvatila eka padatran gamavale, parantu eka ughadya payane pudhe jaat, tarihi too pachvya sthanavar rahanyat yashasvi jhaala. 1954 madhye sando british samrajya aanee rashtrakul khelanmadhye dhawla, jithe too pieter driverchya sahaa mail sharyatit dusya aanee criss chatwaychya teen mail sharyatit tisya kramankavar rahila. tyaa varshi nantar, burn, switzerland yethe jhalelya european ethletics ajinkyapad spardhet 10,000 meater sharyatit too tisya sthanavar rahila-joou emil zatopekne jinkla hota. tyach varshi septembermadhye tyane sibil pejashi lagn kele. 1955 madhye spainmadhil sann sebastian yethe jhalelya aantarrashtriy cross-country ajinkyapad spardhet sandone vijay midavala. 1956 madhye dukhapatitun paratalyanantar too aantarrashtriy cross-country ajinkyapad spardhet dusya sthanavar rahila. 1956 chya deshantargat track hangamat changli dhaav ghet, tyaa varshichya olympicmadhye 10,000 meater sharyatit gret brittonche pratinidhitva karnyasathi sandochi nivad karnyat aalee, jithe too dahavya sthanavar rahila. nantar tyane tyache varnan tyachya creeda karkirditil sarvat mothee nirasha asey kele aanee tyane trackver aaplya deshache pratinidhitva karanyachi hii shevatchi vel hotee. 1957 madhye sandone parliament hiill fields yethe rashtriy cross-country ajinkyapad spardha aanee aantarrashtriy ajinkyapad spardha jinkley. 1958chya aantarrashtriy ajinkyapad spardhechya parinami sando tisya sthanavar rahila aanee salag done varshant tyach spardhet too dusya aanee aathvya sthanavar rahila. matra, 1961 madhye too rashtriy cross-country sanghasathi patra tharnyat ayashasvi jhaala. tyanantar tyane kautumbik bandhilaki aanee pudhil abhyasavar laksh kendrit karnyasathi gambhir ethleticsmadhun nivrutti ghenyacha nirnay ghetala, jyamule jaagtik ethleticschya shirshasthani asalelya dirgh creeda karkirdicha ant jhaala. aantarrashtriy khelanmadhil 'varnabhedachya dhoranala' virodh karananya aanee 'olympic khelanchya ghoshanemadhye moort asalelya vanshik samanatechya tattvache' samarthan karananya 17 julai 1958 roji 'daad times' laa lihilelya patravar swakshari kelelya anek swakshyanpaiki teey eka hote. nantarche jeevan. ethleticsmadhun nivrutt jhalyanantar sandone berkbeck mahavidhyalayat shikshan ghetale aanee 1964 madhye sankhyikichi padvi prapt kelee. pudhchya varshi tyane reeds pepper gatatoon rajinama deela aanee nagri sevet ruju jhaala. 1991 madhye teey mukhya sankhyikishastradnya mhanoon nagri sevetoon nivrutt jhaale. 1980 aanee 2003 madhye kent county ethletics associationche adhyaksh rahilele sando yanni nantarchya varshanmadhye sanghatanatmak kshamatene ethleticsmadhye aapala sahbhag kayam thewala, tasech county sanghatanet itar vividh prashasakeey bhoomika bajavalya. keey. see. aii. aii. chya adhyakshapadanantar, teey talagalatil aantar-deshi karyakramanchya aayojanat sahbhagi rahile. 2007-2008 pasoon, sando yanni junya medstonian societyche adhyaksh mhanoon kaam kele. kautumbik aanee vaiyaktik jeevan. sandoche lagn sibilashi jhaale hote aanee yaa jodpyala done mule aahet-lauren aanee andreau-aanee done natwande, benjamin aanee tobby ebot (jeey doghehi tyanchya aajobanpramanech medstone vyakaran shalet shikale). aktoobar 2012 madhye tyachya mrutyuparyant, phrank tyachya patnisah ellisford, kentmadhye rahila-ellisford pepper mill prashikshan maidanasamor jithe tyachi ethletic karkird pahilyanda suru jhaali.

frank sando frank denis sando (14 march 1931-13 october 2012) ek britis lamo durika dhawak thie. antarrashtriya cruss contry championship (1955,1957) maa dui patak vijeta, sandole lagatar dui grishmakalin olympic khelharuma great brittenko pratinidhitwa gare. prarambhik jiwan. sandoco janma 31 march 1931 maa medstonema ernst rar maria sandoco gharma bhaeko thiyo. medstone wyakaran vidyalayama padhdai, sandole pahilo patak schol mileko record toddai sohra warshako umerma athleticsma sanlagna huna thale. ekaisath, unle medstone harriersma ek shaukia carrier suru gare, 1948 maa kent county junier cruss-contry championship rar 1949 maa kent yuwa cruss-contry championship jite. uni 1948 rar 1949 maa angreji yuwa cruss-contry championshipma chautho sthanma rahe. schol chhodepachhi sandole october 1949 maa senama samel bhaera rashtriya sewa lie. sann 1951 maa, unle 23 warshasamma ubhieko senako tinn mileko record tode, tyas warsha pahile antar-sewa cruss-contry championship jiteka thie. warishtha currier. sann 1951 maa sena chhodera, unle kentko ayalsfordma ridd paper samuhaka lagi kaam garna thale, jahaan unle afnie bhawi patni sibil pejlai bhete. medstone harriersbata rajinama diepachhi, sando paper samuhako athletics clubma samel bhae, kaam, wyawasayik parikshaharu, pariwarik pratibadhataharu rar unko athletic carrier. yo samaya thiyo jab unle upanam prapta gareh "medstone madlark". arko warsha, 1952 maa, uni rashtriya cruss-contry championshipma panchaun rar antarrashtriya cruss-contry championshipma nawaun sthanma rahe. arko atha warshama sandole antarrashtriya championshipma shirsha atha sthanma samapta garne record kayam rakhe, sathai saat warshama britis toliko kaptaniko wistarit awadhi kayam rakhe. sann 1952 maa unlai helsinki olympic khelharuma 10,000 mitterma great brittenko pratinidhitwa garna bolaieko thiyo. yo ghatana thiyo kii unle daudako suruma prasidha rupma jutta gumae tara, euta nange khuttale jaari rakhdai, uni ajhai pani panchaun sthanma samapta garna safal bhae. sann 1954 maa sando britis samrajya rar rashtramandal khelharuma daudie, jahaan uni chha milema pieter driverko pachhi dosro rar tean milema criss chatwayko tesro sthanma rahe. tyas warshako uttarardhama uni switzerlandko bernama bhaeko europeli athletics championshipma 10,000 mitterma tesro sthanma rahe-june emil jatopekle jiteka thie. unle sohi warshako septemberma sibil pejsanga vivaha gare. sandole sann 1955 maa spainko saan sebastianma bhaeko antarrashtriya cruss-contry championship jite. sann 1956 maa chotbata farkepachhi uni antarrashtriya cruss-contry championshipma dosro sthanma rahe. sann 1956 ko gharelu track sijanma ramro daud gardai, sandolai tyas warshako olympicma 10,000 mitterma great brittenko pratinidhitwa garna chayan garieko thiyo, jahaan uni dashaun sthanma rahe. pachhi unle yasalai afno athletic kariyarko sabaibhanda thulo nirasha bhanera warnan gare, rar yo antim patak thiyo jab unle trackma afno deshko pratinidhitwa gare. sann 1957 maa sandole sansad hill fieldma rashtriya cruss-contry championship rar antarrashtriya championship jiteka thie. sann 1958 ko antarrashtriya championshipko parinam swarup sando tesro sthanma rahyo rar lagatar dui warshama uni eutai pratiyogitama dosro rar athaun sthanma rahe. tara, sann 1961 maa uni rashtriya cruss-contry tolika lagi yogya huna asafal bhae. pachhi unle pariwarik pratibadhata rar thap adhyayanma dhyan kendrit garna gambhir athleticsbata sanyas line nirnaya gare, jasle vishwa ethletiksko shirshama lamo khelkud carrierko antya lyayo. uni 17 july 1958 maa "da times" lai antarrashtriya khelma 'rangabhedko niti' ko virodh gardai rar 'olympic khelharuko ghoshanama murta jatiya samantako siddhanta' ko raksha gardai hastakshar garne dherai hastaksharkartaharu madhye ek thie. pachhiko jiwan. athleticsbata sewaniwritta bhaepachi, sandole birkbeck kalejma adhyayan gare rar 1964 maa tathyankama degree liera snatak gare. arko warsha unle rids paper samuhabata rajinama die rar sibhil sarbhisma samel bhae. uni sann 1991 maa mukhya tathyankawidka rupma sibhil sarbhisabata sewaniwritta bhae. sandole sann 1980 rar 2003 maa kent county athletics associationka adhyakshaka sathai county sangathanbhitra anya vibhinna prashasanik bhumikaharuka rupma afno pachhilla warshaharuma sangathanatmak kshamatama athleticsanga afno sanlagnata jaari rakhe. afno kesieako adhyakshata pachhi, uni jamini starka cruss-contry karyakramharu ayojana garnama sanlagna rahe. 2007-2008 batt, sandole purano medstonian samajko adhyakshako rupma sewa gare. pariwarik rar wyaktigat jiwan. sandoco sibilsanga vivaha bhaeko thiyo rar dampatika dui santanharu chhan-loren rar endru-rar dui natinatiniharu, benjamin rar toby abott (jo duwaile afno hazurbuba jastai medstone wyakaran schoolma padheka thie). october 2012 maa unko mrityu nabhaesamma, frankley ayalsfordma basna jaari rakhe, afnie shrimatisanga kent-ayalsford paper mill prashikshan maidanko drishtima jahaan unko athletic carrier pahilo patak suru bhayo.

phranka sando phranka denis sando (14 march 1931-13 october 2012) jane british durgami daudabida thile. antarjatija cross contry championship (1955,1957) ray duithara bijeta, sando kramagata duiti grishma olympics gamesray great brittener pratinidhitwa karithile. prarambhika zeeban. sando 31 march 1931 ray medastonare arnest ebong maria sandonka ghare janmagrahana karithile. medstone byakarana bidyalajare adhyajana curry, sando prathame shohal barsha bajasare athleticsre jogadeba arambha karithile, jaahaa skula mile rekardaku bhangithila. ekaa samajare, shay medstone harijarsare eka apeshadara kyariyara arambha karithile, 1948 ray kent county juniara cross-contry championship ebong 1949 ray kent youth cross-contry championship jitithile. shay 1948 ebong 1949 ray ingraji youth cross-contry champianasipare chaturtha sthana hassel karithile. skula chhadiba parey, sando 1949 masiha october maasare jatiah seba grahan curry senare joga deithile. 1951 masihare, shay senara tini mile record bhangithile, jaahaa 23 barsha dhari rahithila, ebong sehi barsha purbaru shay aantah-seba cross-contry championship jitithile. baristha kyariyara. 1951 masihare sena chhadi shay kenter ilesfordre ridd pepara group paain kaama kariba arambha karithile, jeunthare shay taanka bhabisyata patni sibil pejanku bhetithile. medstone harijarsaru istafa deba parey, sando pepara groupra athletics klabare joga deithile, kaama, bruttigata parikhya, paribarika pratibaddhata ebong tankara athletic kyarijarare joga deithile. ehi samajare shay "medstone modlark" upanama paithile. taa 'para barsha, 1952 masihare, shay jatiah cross-contry champianasipare pancham ebong antarjatija cross-contry champianasipare nabam sthanare rahithile. parabarti aatha barsha madhyare sando antarjatija champianasipare shrestha athati sthanare samapta hebara record bajaiah rakhithile, ebong saata barsha dhari british dalara adhinajakatwara eka bardhita abadhi madhya bajaiah rakhithile. 1952 masihare tanku helasinki alimpiksare 10,000 mitter daudare brittener pratinidhitwa kariba paain dakajaithila. ehi iventare shay prasidha bhabare daudara prarambhare eka jota haraithile, kintu gotie khaali paadare jaari rakhi shay pancham sthanare shesh karibare saphala hoithile. 1954 masihare sando british samrajya ebong rajyagosthi kreedare bhaga neithile, jeunthare shay chhaa mailare pieter draivaranka parey dwiteeja ebong tini mailare criss chatawenka parey truteeja sthana adhikara karithile. sehi barsha parey shay swijaralyandara barnthare europeah athletics champianasipare 10,000 mitarare truteeja sthana hassel karithile-jaahaa emil jatopek jitithile. shay sehi barsha septembarare sibil pejanku bibaha karithile. sando 1955 ray spainer shaan sebastianare antarjatija cross-contry championship jitithile. 1956 ray, aghataru feriba parey, shay antarjatija cross-contry champianasipare dwiteeja sthana hassel karithile. 1956rahr gharoi track sijinare bhal pradarshan curry, sehi barshar alimpiksare 10,000 mitarare great brittener pratinidhitwa karibaku sandonku chayan karajaithila, jeunthare shay dasham sthanare samapta karithile. parey shay ehaaku taanka athletic carriara sabutharu budd nirasha bolly barnana karithile, ebong ehaa shesh thara paain shay track ray niz deshaku pratinidhitwa karithile. 1957 masihare sando parlament hill fieldre jatiah cross-contry championship ebong antarjatija championship jitithile. 1958 masihar antarjatija championshipra phalaswaroopa sando truteeja sthana adhikara karithile ebong kramagata dui barsha madhyare shay samaana pratijogitare dwiteeja ebong astama sthana adhikara karithile. tebe 1961 masihare shay jatiah cross-contry dala paain jogyata arjan karibare biphal hoithile. parabarti samajare shay paribarika pratibaddhata ebong adhika adhyajana upare dhyana deba paain gambhira athaletiksaru absar nebaku nishpatti neithile, jaahaa biswa athleticsre sheershare eka dirgha creeda kyarijaraku samapta karithila. 1958 masiha july 17 tarikhare 'dee times' ku eka chithire swakhyara karithiba anekanka madhyaru shay jane thile, jieki antarjatija kreedare 'barnabaishamya neeti' ku birodha karithile ebong 'jatigata samanatara neeti jaahaa alympic khelara ghoshananamare sannibeshita' ku rakhya karithile. parabarti zeeban. athaletiksaru absar neba parey, sando birkbeck kalejare adhyajana karithile ebong 1964 ray parisankhyanare degree hassel karithile. parabarti barsha shay ridd pepara gruparu istafa deithile ebong sivila sarbhis ray joga deithile. shay 1991 masihare mukhya parisankhyanabit bhabe sibhil sarbhis ru absar neithile. 1980 ebong 2003 masihare kent county athletics associationara sabhapati tatha county sangathana madhyare anyanya prashasanika bhumika nirbaha curry sando parabarti barshagudikare eka sangathanika khyamatare athletics sahita nijara sampruktata jaari rakhithile. kee. sii. aii. aii. rahr adhyakhyata parey, shay trinamul starare antahdeshija karjyakram aajojanare jadita rahithile. 2007-2008 ru, sando puruna medstonian societyra sabhapati bhabare karjya karithile . paribarika ebong byaktigata zeeban. sando sibilnku bibaha karithile ebong ehi dampattinkara duiti santan achanti-lauren ebong andru-ebong dui naati-natuni, benjamin ebong tubby abot (jeunmane ubhaja semananka jejebapanka pari medston byakarana bidyalajare adhyajana karithile) . october 2012 ray tankara mrutyu parjyanta, phranka taanka patneenka saha kent, ilesfordre rahibaku jaari rakhithile-ilesford pepara mill prasikhyana grounder drushya madhyare jeunthare tankara athletic kyariyara prathame arambha hoithila .

frank sando frank danis sando (14 march 1931-13 aktubar 2012) ikk british lambi doori daa daudak see. antarashtari karaas contry championship (1955,1957) witch doou vaar dey jetu, sando neey lagatar doou garmiaan deeaan olympic khedan witch gret britten dee numaindagi keeti. mudhla jeevan. sando daa janam 31 march 1931 noon madsten witch, ernest atey maria sando dey gharr hoiaa see. madsten viaakaran school witch padahi karde hoye, sando neey pahili vaar solan saal dee umar witch school meal daa ricard todade hoye athletics witch aapni shamuliat shuru keeti. iss dey naal hii, usne madsten harriers witch ikk shukin carrier dee shuruat keeti, 1948 witch cant kaoonti junier karaas-contry championship atey 1949 witch cant youth karaas-contry championship jitti. uh 1948 atey 1949 witch inglish youth karaas-contry championship witch chauthe sathaan 'teey riha. school chaddan toon baad, sando neey aktubar 1949 witch fauj witch shamal hoow keey rashtari seva shuru keeti. sann 1951 witch, unhan neey fauj daa tinn meal daa ricard todd ditta joe 23 saalan toon kaaim see, jiss toon pahilan unhan neey uss saal antar-sevavan karaas-contry championship jitti see. senior carrier. sann 1951 witch fauj chhadd keey, uss neey kent dey oilsford witch reed paper group laee kamm karna shuru keeta, jitthe uh aapni bhavikh dee patni sibil pej noon miliaa. madsten harriers toon astifa denh toon baad, sando paper group dey athletics club witch shamal hoow giaa, kamm, peshevar prikhiaavan, parivarak pratibadhtavan atey aapne athletic carrier witch shamal hoow giaa. ih uh samaan see jadon uss neey upnam prapat keetaau "medstone mudlark". agle saal, 1952 witch, uh rashtari karaas-contry championship witch panjven atey antarashtari karaas-contry championship witch nauven sathaan 'teey riha. agle atth saalan witch sando neey antarashtari championship witch choti dey atth sathanan witch rahinn daa ricard kaaim rakkhiaa, naal hii satt saalan witch british team dee kaptani dee ikk vistrit miaad vee banayi rakkhi. sann 1952 witch uhanan noon 10,000 meeter witch helsinki olympic khedan witch gret britten dee numaindagi curran laee bulaiaa giaa see. iss ghatna witch hii uh daud dey shuru witch ikk jutti guaa chukke sunn parr ikk nange pair naal jaari rakkh keey, uh firr vee panjven sathaan 'teey rahinn witch kamyab rahey. sann 1954 witch sando british samraj atey rashtarmandal khedan witch daudada see, jitthe uh pieter driver toon chhe meal witch dooje atey criss chatway toon tinn meal witch teeje sathaan 'teey riha. uss saal baad witch uh switzerland dey burn witch european athletics championship witch 10,000 meeter witch teeje sathaan 'teey riha-jiss noon aimil zatopec neey jittiaa see. uss neey use saal satambar witch sibil pej naal viaah karwa liaa. sando neey 1955 witch sainn sebastian, spain witch antarashtari karaas-contry championship jitti. sann 1956 witch, satt toon waps aaunn toon baad, uh antarashtari karaas-contry championship witch dooje sathaan 'teey riha. 1956 dey gharelu track season witch changi tarahan daudade hoye, sando noon uss saal dey olympic witch 10,000 meeter witch gret britten dee numaindagi curran laee chunhiaa giaa see, jitthe uh dasven sathaan 'teey riha see. baad witch unhan neey iss noon aapne athletic crear dee sabh toon vaddi nirasha dassiaa atey ih aakhri vaar see jadon unhan neey track utte aapne desh dee numaindagi keeti see. sann 1957 witch sando neey sansad dey pahadi khetran witch rashtari karaas-contry championship atey antarashtari championship jitti. 1958 deeaan antarashtari championshipan dey natije vajon sando laee teeja sathaan prapat keeta atey lagatar doou saalan witch, uh use mukabale witch dooje atey athven sathaan 'teey riha. halanki, sann 1961 witch uh rashtari karaas-contry team laee qualify curran witch asfal rahey. baad witch unhan neey parivarak pratibadhtavan atey agge dee padahi utte dhiaan kendrat curran laee gambhir athletics toon sanyas lainn daa faisla keeta, jiss naal vishav athletics dey sikhar utte ikk lambe khed carrier daa ant hoiaa. uh 17 julai 1958 noon times noon likhe ikk pattar witch antarashtari khedan witch 'nasalvad dee neeti' daa virodh curran atey 'nasli samanta dey sidhant daa bachaa curran vaale bahut saare hastakharkartavan vicchon ikk sunn joe olympic khedan dey ailaan witch shamal hunn. baad dee zindagi. athletics toon retire honn toon baad, sando neey berkback kaalaj witch padahi keeti atey 1964 witch ankada vigiaan witch digri prapat keeti. agle saal usne reed paper group toon astifa dey ditta atey sival service witch shamal hoow giaa. uh 1991 witch mukkh ankada vigiaani vajon sival seva toon sevamukt hoye sunn. sando neey aapne baad dey saalan witch sangathnatmak samratha witch athletics naal aapni shamuliat jaari rakkhi, 1980 atey 2003 witch cant county athletics association dey pardhan rahey, atey naal hii county sangathan dey ander kaee horr parshaski bhumikavan nibhaiaan. keey. see. aii. aii. dee aapni pardhangi toon baad, uh zamini paddhar dey desh-paar programan dey ayojan witch shamal rahey. 2007-2008 toon, sando neey purane medstonian suciety dey pardhan vajon seva nibhai. parivarak atey nijji jeevan. sando daa viaah sibil naal hoiaa see atey iss jode dey doou bacche hunn-lorren atey aindrioo-atey doou pote-potiaan, benjamin atey toby abot (joe doven aapne daada wang madsten viaakaran school witch padhe sunn). aktubar 2012 witch aapni maut takk, frank aapni patni naal oilsford, cant witch rahinda riha-oilsford paper mill sikhlai maidaan dee nazar witch jitthe uss daa athletic carrier pahili vaar shuru hoiaa see.

frank saando frank denis saando (14 maarch 1931-13 october 2012) ekaha british-dirghadur-dhaavakah aasit. antarashtriya-cross-contry-chaampiyanship-kreedaasu (1955,1957) dvivaaram vijetaa, saando ityayam kramashah greeshmakaaleen-olympic-kreedaasu gret-britton-deshasya pratinidhitvam krutavaan. praarambhikajeevanam. saando ityasya janma 31 maarch 1931 dinaanke medstone-nagare, ernest-maria-saando-dampatyoho abhavat. medstone vyaakaranavidyaalaye adhyetum, saando prathamavaaram shohattar-vayasi athletics-kridaayaam bhaagam graheetum aarabdhavaan, vidyaalayasya mail-abhilekham bhangavaan. samantarale, saha madstone harriers ityatra shaukia-vruttijeevanam prarabhata, 1948 tame varshe kent-kaunti-junier-cross-contry-chaampiyanship, 1949 tame varshe kent-yoot-cross-contry-chaampiyanship cha jitavaan. saha 1948 tame varshe 1949 tame varshe cha aangl-yoot-cross-contry-chaampiyanship madhye chaturtham sthaanam avaapnot. vidyaalayaat nishkaasy, sando 1949 october-maase rashtriyaseva aarabhat, senayam sammilayt. 1951 tame varshe, saha 23 varshaani yaavat sthitehe tri-mail-sainyasya abhilekham bhangam krutavaan, tasya poorvavarshe saha antarasarwiseh cross-contry-chaampiyanship-kreedaam avaapnot. varishtah vruttihi. 1951 tame varshe senayaha nishkramanam, saha kent-nagarasya ailsford-nagare reed-paper-samuhasya krute karyam aarabdhavaan, yatra saha swasyaah bhaavee-patnee sibil-page ityanaya saha militavaan. medstone-harriers ityatah nishkasayitva, saando paper-samuhasya athletics-club-madhye, karyasya kushalataayaah, vyaavasaayikapareekshaayaah, paarivaarik-pratibaddhataayaah, athletic-vruttijeevanasya cha sadasyah abhavat. asmin eva samaye saha "medstone mudlark" iti upanamam avaapnot. agrime varshe, 1952 tame varshe, saha rashtriya-cross-contry-chaampiyanship-kreedaasu panchamam, antarashtriya-cross-contry-chaampiyanship-kreedaasu navamam cha sthaanam avaapnot. agrimeshu ashtavarsheshu saando-varyaha antarashtriya-championship-kreedaasu shirsha-ashtasthaaneshu sthaanam praptavan iti abhilekham, tathaiva saptavarsheshu british-dalasya netrutvasya vistaaritakaalam cha akshunnam. 1952 tame varshe helsinki-olympic-kreedaasu 10,000 meater-midyaayaam gret-britton-deshasya pratinidhitvam kartum saha aahuya. asmin eva ghatanaya saha spardhayaha aarambhe prasiddharoopen paadavastram haarayat, parantu ekapaaden nirantaram, saha panchame sthaane samaapayitum samarthah abhavat. 1954 tame varshe saando-varyaha british-samrajye kaamanvelt-kreedaasu cha dhaavan, yatra saha shut mail-dooram yaavat peater-chalakasya krute dwiteeyam, trishu mail-dooram yaavat criss-chaatave-krute truteeyam cha sthaanam avaapnot. tadanantaram tasmin varshe switzerlyaand-deshasya burn-nagare europiya-athletics-chaampiyanship-kridaayaam 10,000 meater-kridaayaam saha truteeyam sthaanam praptavan-yat mill zaatopek ityanena jitam. saha tasmin eva varshe september-maase sibal page ityetam parineetavaan. 1955 tame varshe spen-deshasya saan sebastian-nagare antarashtriya-cross-contry-chaampiyanship-kridaayaam saando jitavaan. 1956 tame varshe, aghatat punaragamananantaram, saha antarashtriya-cross-contry-chaampiyanship-kreedaasu dwiteeyam sthaanam avaapnot. 1956 tame varshe deshiya-track-rutau samyak dhaavan, tasmin varshe olympic-kridaayaam 10,000 meater-kridaayaam gret-britton-deshasya pratinidhitvam kartum saando-varyaha chitah, yatra saha dashame sthaane samaapayat. pashchat saha etat swasya creedaa-vruttijeevanasya bruhattamam nirasham iti varnayat, tathaa cha saha antimavaaram track-madhye swadeshasya pratinidhitvam krutavaan. 1957 tame varshe saando-varyaha parliament-hill-fields-madhye rashtriyam cross-contry-chaampiyanship, antarashtriya-chaampiyanship cha jitavaan. 1958 tame varshe antarashtriya-pratiyogitaasu saando-kreedaayaah trutiyasthanam praaptam, tathaa cha, nirantaram varshadvaye, saha tasmin eva spardhayam dwiteeya-ashtama-sthanani praptavan. parantu 1961 tame varshe saha rashtriya-deshantarakridayaha krute arhataa praaptum asaphalah abhavat. tadanantaram saha paarivaarikapratibaddhataayaam, agre adhyayanasya cha vishaye dhyanam kendreekartum gambhir-athletics-kridaat nivruttim kartum nishchitavaan, yena vishva-athletics-kreedaayaah sheershe deergha-creedaa-vruttijeevanam samaaptam abhavat. 1958 julai 17 dinaanke "da tams" ityasmai patrasya hastaaksharakartrushu saha anyatamah aasit, yah antaaraashtriyakridaayam "varnabhedaneeteh" virodham krutavaan, "olympic-kreedaayaah ghoshanayam moortam jaateeyasamatvasya siddhaantasy" rakshanm cha krutavaan. pashchat jeevanam. athletics-kreedaayaah nivruttyaa anantaram, saando birkbeck-mahaavidyaalaye adhyanam akarot, 1964 tame varshe saankhyikeey-vishaye upaadhim praapya snaatakapadaveem praptavan. agrime varshe saha reeds-paper-samuhat tyaagapatram krutvaa nagarikasevayam pravishtah. saha 1991 tame varshe mukhya-saankhyikee-vijnaanena nagarikasevayam nivruttah abhavat. 1980 tame varshe 2003 tame varshe cha kent-kaunti-athletics-sanghasya adhyakshah, tathaa cha kaunti-sanghatanasy antah anyaani vividhaah prashaasanik-bhoomikaah cha, saando ityeshah swasya anuvarteeni varshaani yaavat sangathanaatmak-kshamatayam athletics-kridaayaam swa-sahabhaagitvam anwawartat. key. see. e. e. ityasya adhyakshapadasya anantaram, saha deshantarena karyakramanam ayojanam nirantaram kurvan aasit. 2007-2008 taha, saando ityeshah puratanasya medstonian-samajasya adhyakshatvena karyam krutavaan. parivaarah vyaktigatam cha jeevanam cha. saando ityeshah sibil ityanena saha vivaahitah aasit, tathaa cha dampatyoho dwau putraah santi-loren tathaa endroo-tathaa dwau pautrau, benjamin tathaa toby ebut (ye dwau api swapitaamahasya iva medstone vyaakaranavidyaalaye abhyanayn). 2012 october-maase tasya mrutyum yaavat, frank swapatnyaa saha kent-nagare aayalsford-nagare nivasan aasit-aayalsford-paper-mill-prashikshan-kshetrasya drushtau yatra tasya athletik-vruttijeevanasya prathamam aarambhah abhavat.

frank sando frank dennis sando (14 maarch 1931-13 october 2012) oru british neenda thoora oottappanthaya veerar aavaar. sarvadesa kurukku naadu saambiyanshippil (1955,1957) irandu murai ventra sando, thodarnthu irandu koadaikkaala olympic poattikalil grade pirittanai pirathinithiththuvappaduththinar. aarambagaala vaazhkkai. sando 31 maarch 1931 andru metstonil, ernest mattrum maria sando aakiyoarukku piranthaar. panippen ilakkanap pallyil payintra sando, thanathu pathinaaraavathu vayathil thadagalaththil thanathu eedupaattaith thodangkinaar, idhu palli mile saathanaiyai muriyadiththathu. athae neraththil, avar maidstone haariyarsil oru amechur vaazhkkaiyaith thodangkinaar, 1948 ill kent kavundi juuniyar gross-kandri saambiyanship mattrum 1949 ill kent ilaignar gross-kandri saambiyanship aagiyavattrai ventraar. 1948 mattrum 1949 ill aangkila ilaignar gross-kandri saambiyanshippil naankaavathu idaththaip pidiththaar. palliyai vittu veliyaeriya sando, 1949 octoberil thaesiya sevaiyai maerkondu raanuvaththil saernthaar. 1951 aam aandil, 23 aandugalaaka irunththa iraanuvaththin moontru mile saathanaiyai avar muriyadiththaar, antha aandin thodakkaththil sevaikalukkidaiyeyaana kurukku-naattu saambiyanshippai ventraar. mooththavar thozhil. 1951 aam aandil iraanuvaththai vittu veliyaeriya avar, kent, aylesfordil ulla naanal kaakithak kuzhuvil paniyaattrath thodangkinaar, angku avar thanathu varungkaala manaivi sibil pakkatthai sandhiththaar. panippen haariyarsai vittu vilagiya piragu, sando kaakithak kuzhuvin thadagala kilappil saernthaar, vaelai, thozhilmurai thaervugal, kudumba kadamaigal mattrum avarathu thadagala vaazhkkai aagiyavattraik kaiyalwar. inththa neraththilthaan avar "panippen mann maram" endra punaippeyaraip pettraar. aduththa aandu, 1952, avar thaesiya kurukku-naattu saambiyanshippil ainthaavathu idaththaiyum, sarvadesa kurukku-naattu saambiyanshippil onbathaavathu idaththaiyum pidiththaar. aduththa ettu aandugalil sando sarvadesa saambiyanshippil muthal ettu idangkalil irunththa saathanaiyaiyum, aezhu aandugalil british aniyin capton pathaviyin neettikappatta kaalaththaiyum paraamarittaar. 1952 aam aandil avar 10,000 meteril helsingi olympic poattikalil grade pirittanai pirathinithiththuvappaduththa alaikkappattaar. inththa nigazhvilthaan avar panthayaththin thodakkaththil oru kaalaniyai ilanththaar, aanaal, oru verungkaaludan thodarnthu, avar innum ainthaavathu idaththil mudikka mudinthathu. 1954 aam aandil sando british paerarasu mattrum commonwealth vilaiyaattukalil oodinaar, angku avar aaru mailgalil piittar oottunarukku irandaavathu idaththaiyum, moontru mailgalil chriss saatvaekku moontraavathu idaththaiyum pidiththaar. antha aandin pirpaguthiyil switcherlaandhin bernil nadantha iroappiya thadagala saambiyanshippil 10,000 meteril avar moontraavathu idaththaip pidiththaar-idhu emil satobec ventraar. athae aandu septambaril sibil paejai mananthaar. 1955 aam aandil spainin chaan sepastianil nadantha sarvadesa kurukku-naattu saambiyanshippai sando ventraar. 1956 aam aandil, kaayaththilirunthu thirumbiya piragu, sarvadesa kurukku-naattu saambiyanshippil irandaavathu idaththaip pidiththaar. 1956 aam aandin ullnaattu track seasonil nandraaga oodiya sando, antha aandu olimpikkil 10,000 meteril grade pirittanai pirathinithiththuvappaduththa thernthedukkappattaar, angku avar paththaavathu idaththil muditthaar. pinnar avar idhai thanathu thadagala vaazhkkaiyin migapperiya aemaattram endru vivaritthaar, maelum avar thanathu naattaip pirathinithiththuvappaduththu idhuvae kadaisi muraiyaagum. 1957 aam aandil sando naadaalumandra malaippaguthi mattrum sarvadesa saambiyanshippugalil thaesiya kurukku-naattu saambiyanshippai ventraar. 1958 aam aandin sarvadesa saambiyanship poattikalil sando 3 vadhu idaththaip pidiththathu, maelum thodarchchiyaaga irandu aandugalil, athae poattiyil 2 vadhu mattrum 8 vadhu idangkalaip pidiththaar. iruppinum, 1961 aam aandil avar thaesiya kurukku naadu anikku thaguthi perath thavarivittaar. pinnar avar kudumba kadamaigal mattrum maelum padippil kavanam seluththa theevira thadakalaththilirunthu oaivu pera mudivu seithaar, idhu ulaga thadagalaththil muthalidaththil oru neenda vilayaattu vaazhkkaiyai mudivukkuk konduvandhadhu. 1958 juulai 17 andru sarvadesa vilaiyaattil 'niraverik kolgaiyai' ethirththu, 'olympic vilaiyaattukalin pirakadanaththil udpaduththappatta ina samaththuvak kolgaiyai' paathukaaththu 'times' kku ezhuthiya kadithaththil kaiyeluththitta palaril ivarum oruvar. pirkaala vaazhkkai. thadagalaththil irunthu oaivu pettra piragu, sando birkbeck kallooriyil padiththu 1964 aam aandil pulliyiyalil pattam pettraar. aduththa aandu avar reads kaakithak kuzhuvil irunthu rajinama seithu sivil sarveesil saernthaar. 1991 aam aandil thalaimai pulliyial nipunaraaga sivil sevaiyil irunthu oaivu pettraar. sando thanathu pirkaala aandugalil thadagalaththil thanathu eedupaattai oru niruvana thiranil thodarnthaar, 1980 mattrum 2003 aam aandugalil kent kavundi thadagala sangaththin thalaivaraagavum, kavundi amaippirkul palvaeru nirvaagap paaththirangkalilum irunthaar. avar kae. chii. aee. aee. thalaivaraaga irunthathaith thodarnthu, avar thodarnthu adimatta kurukku-naattu nigazhvugalai aerpaadu seivathil eedupattaar. 2007-2008 ilirunththu, sando pazhaiya mitestonian samoogaththin thalaivaraaga paniyaattrinaar. kudumba vaazhkkai mattrum thanipatta vaazhkkai. sando sibilai mananthaar, inththa thambathiyinarukku irandu kuzhandhaigal ullanar-loraine mattrum andrew-mattrum irandu paerakkuzhandhaigal, benjamin mattrum toopi abod (iruvarum thangal thaatthaavaip poalavae panippen ilakkanap pallyil payintranar). october 2012 ill avar irakkum varai, frank thanathu thadagala vaazhkkai muthanmuthalil thodangiya aylesford kaagitha aalai payirchi maithaanaththin paarvaiyil thanathu manaiviyudan aylesfordil thodarnthu vaalnththaar.

frank sando frank dennis sando (14 march 1931 - 13 october 2012) was a british long-distance runner. a two-time winner at the international cross country championships (1955, 1957), sando represented great britain in two consecutive summer olympic games. early life. sando was born on 31 march 1931 in maidstone, to ernest and maria sando. attending maidstone grammar school, sando first began his involvement in athletics at sixteen, breaking the school mile record. simultaneously, he began an amateur career at maidstone harriers, winning the kent county junior cross-country championship in 1948 and the kent youth cross-country championship in 1949. he finished fourth in the english youth cross-country championship in 1948 and 1949. having left school, sando undertook national service in october 1949, joining the army. in 1951, he broke the army three-mile record which had stood for 23 years, having previously that year won the inter-services cross-country championship. senior career. leaving the army in 1951, he began working for the reed paper group in aylesford, kent, where he met his future wife sybil page. after resigning from maidstone harriers, sando joined the paper group's athletics club, juggling work, professional examinations, family commitments and his athletic career. it was at this time that he gained the nickname: the "maidstone mudlark". the following year, 1952, he finished fifth in the national cross-country championships and ninth in the international cross-country championships. over the next eight years sando maintained a record of finishing in the top eight positions in the international championships, as well as an extended period of captaincy of the british team over seven years. in 1952 he was called up to represent great britain at the helsinki olympic games, in the 10,000 m. it was in this event that he famously lost a shoe early in the race but, continuing on with one bare foot, he still managed to finish in fifth position. in 1954 sando ran in the british empire and commonwealth games, where he finished second in the six miles to peter driver and third in the three miles to chris chataway. later in that year he finished third in the 10,000 m in the european athletics championships in berne, switzerland - which was won by emil zátopek. he married sybil page in september of the same year. sando went on to win the international cross-country championships in san sebastien, spain in 1955. in 1956, after returning from injury, he finished second in the international cross-country championships. running well in the domestic track season of 1956, sando was selected to represent great britain in the 10,000 m in the olympics of that year, where he finished in tenth position. he later described this as the greatest disappointment of his athletic career, and it was the final time he represented his country on the track. in 1957 sando won the national cross-country championship at parliament hill fields and the international championships. the international championships of 1958 resulted in a 3rd-place finish for sando and, in the two consecutive years, he finished 2nd and 8th in the same competition. however, in 1961 he failed to qualify for the national cross-country team. he subsequently decided to retire from serious athletics to concentrate on family commitments and further study, bringing to an end a long sporting career at the top of world athletics. he was one of many signatories in a letter to "the times" on 17 july 1958 opposing 'the policy of apartheid' in international sport and defending 'the principle of racial equality which is embodied in the declaration of the olympic games'. later life. after retiring from athletics, sando studied at birkbeck college and graduated with a degree in statistics in 1964. the following year he resigned from the reeds paper group and joined the civil service. he retired from the civil service in 1991 as chief statistician. sando continued his involvement with athletics in an organisational capacity into his later years, having been president of kent county athletics association in 1980 and 2003, as well as various other administrative roles within the county organisation. subsequent to his presidency of kcaa, he continued to be involved in organising grass roots cross-country events. from 2007-2008, sando served as president of the old maidstonian society. family and personal life. sando was married to sybil and the couple have two children - lorraine and andrew - and two grandchildren, benjamin and toby abbott (who both attended maidstone grammar school like their grandfather). until his death in october 2012, frank continued to live in aylesford, kent with his wife - within sight of the aylesford paper mill training ground where his athletic career first began.

frank sendo frank dense sendo (14 maarch 1931-13 aktobar 2012) eek bartanvi taweel fasilay kaa dodnay waala thaa. beenn alaqwami karaas kantri champine ship (1955yee 1957) mein duu baar faatah sendo nay lagatar duu summer olympic kheelon mein bartaniah kii numaindagi kii. ibtadayi zindagi. sendo 31 maarch 1931 kuu medstone mein arnist aur maariyah sendo kay haan paida hoay. medstone grimer school mein taleem haasil kartay huay sendo nay pehli baar solah saal kii amar mein athletics mein apnee shamoliyat kaa aaghaz kiyaa jiss nay school meel kaa record toad diyaa. beek waqat inhon nay medstone harriers mein shoqia carrier kaa aaghaz kiyaa 1948 mein kent county juniyar karaas kantri champine ship aur 1949 mein kent youth karaas kantri champine ship jeeti. wah 1948 aur 1949 mein anglish youth karaas kantri champine ship mein choothay number parr rahay. school chhodnay kay baad sendo nay aktobar 1949 mein foj mein shamoliyat akhtiyar kartay hoay qomi khadmat sharoo kii. 1951 mein inhon nay foj kaa teen meel kaa record toad diyaa juu 23 saal takk qayem rehaa thaa iss say qabal iss saal inhon nay inter sarosaz karaas kantri champine ship jeeti thee. seniyar carrier. 1951 mein foj chhod kirr inhon nay elsford kent mein reed peepar grop kay liye kaam karnaa sharoo kiyaa jehaan inn kii mulaqat apnee mustaqabil kii bewi seebal paij say hoyee. medstone harriers say istefi deenay kay baad sendo nay kaghazi grop kay athletics kalb mein shamoliyat akhtiyar kii kaam paishah waranah imtehanat khaandaani waadon aur apnay athletic carrier mein shamoliyat akhtiyar kii. asee waqat asay arfiyat haasil hoyee: "medstone mudlark". aglay saal 1952 mein wah qomi karaas kantri champine ship mein panchwen aur beenn alaqwami karaas kantri champine ship mein nawein number parr rahay. aglay aath saalon mein sendo nay beenn alaqwami champine ship mein sarfehrist aath positionon parr rehney kaa record barqarar rakhaa saath hyee saath saat saalon mein bartanvi team kii kaptani kii tausia shadah madat bhee barqarar rakhee. 1952 mein inhein 10,000 metter mein helsonki olympic games mein bartaniah kii numaindagi karnay kay liye blaya gayaa. iss avent mein hyee wah mashhur toor parr dodh kay sharoo mein eek jotaa khoo bethay leakin eek nangay paaon kay saath jaari rakhtay hoay phir bhee wah panchwen position parr rehney mein kamiyab rahay. 1954 mein sendo bartanvi sultanat aur dolat mushtarkah kay kheelon mein dodta thaa jehaan wah petter driver kay baad chh meel mein dosray aur curse cheatway kay baad teen meel mein teesre number parr rehaa. iss saal kay aakhir mein wah sweatzerland kay shehar burn mein honay waali europi athletics champine ship mein 10,000 metter mein teesre number parr rahay-jasay aimal zatopeek nay jeeta thaa. iss nay asee saal satambar mein seebal paij say shaadi kii. sendo nay 1955 mein speen kay saan sebistin mein beenn alaqwami karaas kantri champine ship jeeti. 1956 mein choot say waps aaney kay baad wah beenn alaqwami karaas kantri champine ship mein dosray number parr rahay. 1956 kay domestic track seezan mein achhi tarah say dodtay huay sendo kuu iss saal kay olympics mein 10,000 metter mein bartaniah kii numaindagi karnay kay liye muntakhib kiyaa gayaa jehaan wah daswein maqaam parr rahay. baad mein inhon nay asay apnay athletic carrier kii sabb say bury mayusi qaraar diyaa aur yaha aakhri moqaa thaa jabb inhon nay track parr apnay milk kii numaindagi kii. 1957 mein sendo nay parliament hull felds mein qomi karaas kantri champine ship aur beenn alaqwami champine ship jeeti. 1958 kii beenn alaqwami champine ship kay natijay mein sendo nay teesri position haasil kii aur muslisil duu saalon mein wah asee muqabilay mein dosray aur aathwein number parr rahay. tahim 1961 mein wah qomi karaas kantri team kay liye kawalifai karnay mein nakaam rahay. iss kay baad inhon nay khaandaani waadon aur mazeed taleem parr taujah markoz karnay kay liye sanjidah athletics say retire honay kaa faislah kiyaa jiss say aalimi athletics mein sarfehrist kheel kay taweel carrier kaa khaatima hawaa. wah 17 jolayi 1958 kuu "times" kuu likhay gayey khath mein dastakhat karnay waalon mein say eek thay jinhon nay beenn alaqwami kheelon mein 'nasal parasti kii palisi' kii mukhalifat kii aur 'nasli masawaat kay asul kaa dafaa kiyaa juu olympic kheelon kay aalaan mein shaamil hay'. baad kii zindagi. athletics say retire honay kay baad sendo nay barkabek college mein taleem haasil kii aur 1964 mein shumariyat mein digri haasil kii. aglay saal inhon nay reed peepar grop say istefi day diyaa aur soul saros mein shamoliyat akhtiyar kii. wah 1991 mein cheef shumariyat daan kay toor parr soul saros say sabkadosh hoay. sendo nay apnay baad kay saalon mein tanzimi haisiyat mein athletics kay saath apnee shamoliyat jaari rakhee 1980 aur 2003 mein kent county athletics aisosi aishan kay sadr honay kay saath saath county tanzim kay andar mukhtalif deegar intezami kirdaar adaa kiye. kay see aey aey kii sadarat kay baad wah zamini satah parr milk kay paar taqribaat kay anaqad mein shaamil rahay. 2007-2008 say sendo nay praani medstonin society kay sadr kay toor parr khidmaat anjaam dain. khaandaani aur zaati zindagi. sendo kii shaadi seebal say hoyee thee aur iss joday kay duu bachay haine-laureen aur andrev-aur duu potay benjaman aur toby aibat (juu donon nay apnay daada kii tarah medstone grimer school mein taleem haasil kii thee). aktobar 2012 mein apnee moth takk frank apnee bewi kay saath elsford kent mein rehta rehaa-elsford peepar mill training ground kii nazar mein jehaan iss kay athletic carrier kaa aaghaz hawaa thaa.

000155eedf855412acde3f6286194d7a8ad6f802e1cea8af635ce62ff9d30e39

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=23799292

Bejsebakke

Bejsebakke Bejsebakke or Sorthøj is a locality in Ansgar Parish, Fleskum Herred, Aalborg Municipality, Denmark where traces of prehistoric settlements from both the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age were found. The area have been archaeologically excavated two times. In 1958 an excavation was conducted by the National Museum of Denmark and in the years 1999 and 2000 by the Aalborg Historical Museum. This excavation was found among other traces more than 350 pit houses and 40-50 large houses from the Iron Age. The area is also rich in relics of the Stone Age flint mines.

bejebake bejebakke baa sorthuj hoise aansar paris, flescoom hered, alborgo pouroxobha, denmarkor etaa onchol zo 'too xiljug, bronz jug aaru louho jug duyutare praak-oitihaxik boxotir sinho puwa goisil. ei oncholtu puratatwikbhabe dubar khonon koraa hoise. 1958 sonot denmarkor rastriyo xongrohaloy aaru 1999 aaru 2000 sonot alborgo oitihaxik xongrohaloyor dwara ek khonon kaarzo xomponno koraa hoisil. ei khononkarzo louho jugor jugor odhik pitt house aaru 40-50 dangor housor aan sinhor bhitorot puwa goisil. ei oncholtu xil jugor flint khonir owoxexotu xomridho.

bejebakke bejebake baa sorthoz holl ansar pyarisha, flescoom herred, alborg pourosobhar ekti elaka, jekhane prostor jug, bronz jug ebong louho jug ubhoy juger pragoitihasik bosotigulir chinno pawa geche. eyi elakati duibar protnotattikbhabe khonon koraa hoyeche. 1958 saale denmarker jatiya jadughar ebong 1999 oo 2000 saale alborg oitihasik jadughar ekti khanankarjo porichalona korey. eyi khanankarjoti louho juger juger beshi gorter baadi ebong 40-50 borh baadir anyanno chinnogulir modhye pawa geche. eyi anchalti prostor juger flint khanigulir dhongshaboshesheo samriddha.

bezebakke bejasebakke athavaa sorthoj aee ansgar parganu, flascom herred, alborg municipality, denmarkno aek vistaar chhe jyaan patthar yug, kansya yug aneey loah yug banneni pragaitihasik vasaahatona nishan malee aavyaa hataa. aaa vistaarne puratatviy reete beey vakhat khodvaamaa aavyo chhe. chhe denmarkna raashtriy sangrahalay dwara aneey 1999 aneey aneey alborg aitihasik sangrahalay dwara khodkaam haath dharvaamaa aavyu hatoo. aaa khodkaam loah yugnaa 350 thee vadhu khaada gharo aneey 40-50 motaa makanona anya nishaanmaa malee aavyu hatoo. aaa vistaar patthar yugnee zagamgat khaanona avsheshothi pann samruddh chhe.

bejebakke bejsebake yaa sorthose, denmark key alborg nagarpalika key ensger parrish mein ack ilaka haye, jahan pashan yug, kansya yug aur lauh yug donon seey pragaitihasik bastiyon key nishan paae gaye they. iss kshetra kii puraataatvik roop seey dou baar khudai kii gaee haye. 1958 mein denmark key rashtriya sangrahalaya dwara aur 1999 aur 2000 mein alborg aitihaasik sangrahalaya dwara ack khudai kii gaee thee. yeh khudai lauh yug key 350 seey adhik gaddhon vaale gharon aur badey gharon key anya nishaanon key beach paaee gaee thee. yeh kshetra pashan yug kii flint khadanon key avasheshon seey bhee samriddh haye.

bez sebakke bejsebakke athawa sortoz embudu denmarkn alborg purasabheya flescom heredna ansagar pyaarishnalliruva ondu pradeshavaagiddu, allie shilayugada, kanchina yugada mattu kabbina yugada praagaitihaasika vasaahatugala kuruhugalu kandubandive. ee pradeshavannu eradu baari puratatva utkhanana maadalaagide. 1958ralli denmarkn rashtriya vastusangrahaalayavu mattu 1999 mattu 2000ralli alberg aitihaasika vastusangrahaalayavu utkhananavannu nadesidavu. ee utkhananavu kabbina yugada 350 kkoo hecchu gundi manegalu mattu dodda manegalannu pattehachchide. ee pradeshavu shilayugada flint ganigala avasheshagalindaloo samruddhavaagide.

bezebakke bejasebakke kinwa sorthose haah denmarkmadhil alborg nagarpalika, flescom herred yetheel ansagar parishmadhil eka parisar aahe jithe pashanyug, kansyug aanee lohyug yaa donhi kalatil pragaitihasik vasahatinche avashesh sapadale hote. yaa bhagat done vela puratatviy utkhanan karnyat aale aahe. 1958 madhye denmarkchya rashtriy sangrahalayane aanee 1999 aanee 2000 madhye alberg aitihasik sangrahalayane utkhanan kele. heey utkhanan lohyugatil 350 hoon adhik khadde asaleli ghare aanee 40-50 mothee ghare itar khuna aadhalali. haah parisar pashanyugachya chakakichya khaninchya avasheshanni dekhil samruddha aahe.

bejebakke bejasebakke wa sorthoj ansgar parish, flescom herred, alborg nagarpalika, denmarkko euta ilaka how jahaan pashan yug, kansya yug rar falam yug duwaika pragaitihasik bastiharuko nishan fela pareko thiyo. yass kshetrako puratatwik utkhanan dui patak bhaisakeko chha. sann 1958 maa denmarkko rashtriya sangrahalayale rar sann 1999 rar 2000 maa alborg aitihasik sangrahalayale utkhanan gareko thiyo. yo utkhanan falam yugka 350 bhanda badhi pitt gharharu rar 40-50 thula gharharu madhye anya nishanharu madhye fela pareko thiyo. yo khetra pashan yugka flint khaniharuka awasheshharule pani samridha chha.

sebeka bejebakke kimba sorthose heuchhi ansgara parish, flescoom herred, alberg municipality, denmarker eka anchala jeunthare ubhaja prastara juga, bronz juga ebong luha jugara pragaitihasika basatigudikara chinha milithila . ehi anchalaku duithara pratnatatwika bhabe khanan karajaichi. 1958 masihare denmarker jatiah sangrahalaja dwara ebong 1999 ebong 2000 masihare alberg aitihasika sangrahalaja dwara eka khanan karajaithila. ehi khanan lauha jugara 350 ru adhika pitt house ebong 40-50 budd ghara sahita anyanya chinhagudika madhyare milithila . ehi anchala prastara jugara flint khanira abasheshare madhya samruddha .

iss noon chhadd keey bejsebakke jaan sorthoj ansgar parish, flascom harred, alborg municipality, danmark daa ikk ilaka haii jitthe patthar yugg, kaansi yugg atey lohe dey yugg dovan deeaan purav-itihasak bastiaan dey nishan mille sunn. iss khetar dee puratattav taur utte doou vaar khudai keeti gaee haii. 1958 witch danmark dey rashtari ajaib gharr duaara atey saal 1999 atey 2000 witch alborg itihasak ajaib gharr duaara ikk khudai keeti gaee see. ih khudai lohe dey yugg dey 350 toon vaddh toye vaale gharan atey vadde gharan dey horr nishan vicchon millie see. ih khetar patthar yugg deeaan flint khanan dey avsheshan naal vee bharpur haii.

bejebakke bejsebakke athavaa sorthoj iti denmark-deshasya alborg-nagarasya fleskum-herred-nagarasya unsger-parreesh-madhye sthitah pradesha asti, yatra paashaanayugasy, kaamsyayugasya, lohayugasya cha pragaitihasika-nivasasthananam chihnaani praaptaah. ayam pradesha puraatatvadrushtyaa dvivaaram utkhanitah asti. 1958 tame varshe denmark-deshasya rashtriya-sangrahaalayen, 1999 tame varshe 2000 tame varshe cha alborg-aitihaasika-sangrahaalayen utkhananm akarot. etat utkhananm anyeshu lakshaneshu, lauhayuge 350 taha adhikaah gartagruhaani, 40-50 bruhattaraah gruhaani cha praaptaani. ayam pradesha shilaayugeh flint-khaninaam avasheshaihi api samruddhah asti.

bejabeke bejsebake allathu sordj enbathu anskar barish, flescom heret, alborg nagaraatchi, denmarkil ulla oru paguthiyaagum, angku karkaalam, venkala kaalam mattrum irumbuk kaalam aagiya irandilirunththum varalaattrukku munththaiya kudiyaettranggalin thadayangal kaanappattana. ippaguthi irandu murai tholliyal reethiyaaga agazhvaaraaichchi seiyappattullathu. 1958 aam aandil denmark thaesiya arungaatchiyagaththaal agazhvaaraaichchi nadaththappattathu mattrum 1999 mattrum 2000 aam aandugalil alborg varalaattru arungaatchiyagaththaal agazhvaaraaichchi nadaththappattathu. inththa agazhvaaraaichchiyil 350 kkum maerpatta kuzhi veedugal mattrum irumbu kaalatthaich saerntha periya veedugal kandupidikkappattana. ippaguthiyil cull yuga flind surangangalin ninaivuchchinnangalum nirainththullana.

bejsebakke bejsebakke ledhaa sorthose anedi ansgarh parish, flescom hered, alborg municipality, denmarklo oka praantam, ikkada raathi yugam, kaamsya yugam mariyu inupa yugam rendinti nundi charitrapurva sthaavaraala jaadalu kanugonabaddayi. eee praantaanni puravastusastraparanga rendusaarlu tavvaaru. tavvaaru denmark jaateeya museum mariyu 1999 mariyu 2000 samvatsaraallo alborg chaaritraka museum dwara tavvakam jarigindi. eee tavvakam inupa yuganiki chendina 350 kante ekkuva pitt illu mariyu pedda illalo kanugonabadindi. eee praantam raathi yugapu flint ganula avasheshaalatho kooda samruddhiga undhi.

bay basay bejasibake yaa sorthaj insger peerish flescom haird aalborg baldiyah dunmark kaa eek elaqah hay jehaan pathar kay door kaansi kay door aur lohay kay door donon say qabal az tareekh bastiyon kay aasaar milay thay. iss elaqay kii aasaar qadimah say mutaliq khidayi duu baar kii jaa chaki hay. 1958 mein dunmark kay qomi ajayeb gahar nay aur 1999 aur 2000 mein aalborg tarikhi ajayeb gahar nay khidayi kii. yaha khidayi lohay kay door kay 350 say ziyadah garhay waalay makanaat aur 40-50 baday makanaat kay deegar nishanaat kay darmiyan payee gayee. yaha elaqah pathar kay door kii flint kaanon kay aasaar say bhee maalaa maal hay.

0001563d9642697d0fad3c44ec46f34b73fd38088d469cb2cdb50bef91a601b0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3906884

Virtual ISP

Virtual ISP A Virtual ISP (VISP), also known as an Affinity ISP, is an Internet service provider (ISP) that resells the resources of existing ISPs under another brand name. Overview. A Virtual ISP ("VISP") purchases services from another ISP (sometimes called a wholesale ISP or similar within this context) that allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet via one or more Points of Presence (PoPs) that are owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. Virtual ISPs can vary from a normal ISP buying access points off a third party to a complete white label service where the branding of the VISP is usually such as to portray the image of being an ISP in their own right. There are various models for the delivery of Virtual ISPs. As an example a wholesale ISP could provide network access to end users via its dial-up modem PoPs or DSLAMs installed in telephone exchanges, and route, switch, and/or tunnel the end-user traffic to the VISP's network, whereupon they may route the traffic toward its destination. In another model, the wholesale ISP does not route any end-user traffic, and needs only provide AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) functions, as well as any value-add services, like email or web hosting. A complete VISP will consist of a pure rebranding of another ISP offering where the host ISP manages all aspects of the service. This model is commonly used for charities and other affinity organisations where 'MyOrganisation' ISP is actually a virtual service on another ISP. Any given ISP may use their own PoPs to deliver one service, and use a VISP model to deliver another service, or, use a combination to deliver a service in different areas. The service provided by a wholesale ISP in a VISP model is distinct from that of an upstream ISP, even though, in some cases, they may both be one and the same company. The former provides connectivity from the end-user's premises to the Internet or to the end-user's ISP, and the latter provides connectivity from the end user's ISP to all or parts of the rest of the Internet. A VISP can also be a dial-up white label service offered to anyone at no cost or for a minimal setup fee. The actual ISP providing the service generates revenue from the calls and may also share a percentage of that revenue with the owner of the VISP. All technical aspects are dealt with, leaving the owner of VISP with the task of promoting the service. This sort of service is, however, declining due to the popularity of unmetered dial-up access. History. The world's first Virtual ISP was pioneered by the UK arm of the Canadian Intasys Corporation (now Ace*Comm) in partnership with Easynet. Called 'Intasys Online' the VISP was launched in London in 1996 and was used primarily as a demonstration ISP for other virtual ISPs. Intasys operated successfully as a branded ISP provider providing virtual ISPs for clients until the internet arm was sold to Zygo Productions in 1998.

bharsuwel isp bharsuwel isp (vsp), jaak effinity isp buliu jonaa yaay, hoise etaa internet xewa prodankari (isp) ji onyo brend naamere bidyoman ispr xompodxomuh punor bikri kore. xongkhipto biboron. etaa bharsuwel isp ("vsp")-e aan isp-ror poraa xewa kroy kore (ketiyaba ei proxongor bhitorot paikari isp baa ekedhoronor buli kuwa hoy) jiye vsp-ror grahokxokolok paikari isp-ror malikanadhin aaru porisalito ek baa totudhik uposthitir bindu (pop)-ror joriyote internet prowex koriboloi onumoti diye. bharsuwel isp tritiyo pokhyor poraa xadharon isp kroy koraa prowexadhikar bindut poraa xompurno bogaa label xewaloi prithok hoh 'bob paare zo' too bhisopir brending xadharonote teulukor nijor odhikarot isp huwar sobi prokax korar dore hoy. bharsuwel isp prodanor baabe bibhinno model aase. udahoronsworupe, etaa paikari aai. ess. pi.-ye telephon excengeot sthapon koraa dial-aap modem pop baa di. ess. el. em.-ror joriyote xex byowoharkarixokolok networkor prowexadhikar prodan koribo paare, aaru bhi. chi. pi.-ror networkoloi xex byowoharkarir trephikor poth, xuis, aaru/baa xurongo prodan koribo paare, jaar folot teuluke trephicok iyar gontobyosthanoloi rut koribo paare. aan etaa aarhito paikari aai. ess. pi.-ye kunu ontim-byowoharkarir trephikor poth prodan nokore, aaru kewol aaa (promanikoron, onumudon aaru accounting) karjyor logote email baa web hostingor dore jikunu mulyo xongzujon xewa prodan korar proyujon. etaa xompurno bhispot aan etaa isp offeringor bixudho rebranding thakibo zo 'too host isp-ye xewar xokolu dix porisalona kore. ei aarhitu xadharonote datobyo xongstha aaru onyanyo xomporko xongothonor baabe byobohar koraa hoy zo 'too' miorganization 'isp prokritote aan isp-too ek bharsuwel xewa. jikunu prodoto aai. ess. pi.-ye etaa xewa prodan koriboloi nijor pop byobohar koribo paare, aaru aan etaa xewa prodan koriboloi etaa bhi. ess. pi. model byobohar koribo paare, baa, bibhinno oncholot etaa xewa prodan koriboloi etaa xongmisron byobohar koribo paare. etaa bhisip modelot paikari isp-ror dwara prodan koraa xewa etaa opristim isp-ror poraa prithok, jodiu kisuman khetrot, duyutai ekekhon company hoh 'bob paare. prothomtuwe ontim byowoharkarir porixoror poraa internet baa ontim byowoharkarir isp-loi xongzug prodan kore, aaru pisortuwe ontim byowoharkarir isp-ror poraa internetor baaki xokolu baa ongxoloi xongzug prodan kore. etaa bhispo jikunu lukok binaa mulyot baa nyuntomo setup masulor baabe aagborhuwa etaa dial-aap bogaa label xewau hoh "bob paare. xewa prodan koraa prokrito aai. ess. pi.-ye kolor poraa raajoh utponno kore aaru xei rajhor etaa xotangxo bhi. ess. pi.-ror gorakir xoite bhag-botora koribo paare. xokolu karikori dixor xoite mukabila koraa hoy, jaar folot bhisipor malikor uporot xewar prosaror kaam thaake. obosye, oh-mitter dial-aap prowexadhikaror jonopriyotar baabe ei dhoronor xewa hraax paise. itihax. biswor prothomtu bharsuwel isp kanadian intasis korpuresonor (etiya es * komm) iuke xakhar dwara eginator ongxidaritwot ogroni bhumika paalon korisil. intasis online "naamor ei bhispo 1996 sonot londonot mukoli koraa hoisil aaru iyak prathomikbhabe onyanyo bharsuwel aaispor baabe prodorxon isp hisape byobohar koraa hoisil. 1998 sonot internet xakhatu jaigu productionoloi bikri nuhuwaloike intasese grahokxokolor baabe bharsuwel isp prodan koraa brended isp prodankari hisape xofolotare kaam korisil.

virtual isp ekti virtual isp (vcp), jaa affinity isp nameo porichito, ekti internet porisheba prodankari (isp) jaa onno branned naame vidyaman isp-rawr sangosthanguli punra bikri korey. sangkhipto biboron. ekti virtual isp ("vcp") onno isp theke porisheba croy korey (kokhono kokhono eyi prosonge paikari isp baa anurup bolla hoy) jaa vispir grahokder paikari isp dwara malikanadhin ebong porichalito eka baa ekadhik point off presencer (popp) madhyome internet axes korar anumati deyo. virtual ispguli tritiya pokkher kachh theke axes pointguli kenara jonno ekti sadharan isp theke sampurna saadaa lebel porisheba porjonto poribortito hotey paare jekhane visker branding sadharonoto taader nijaswa adhikare ekti isp howar chitro chitrito korar moto hoy. virtual isp sorboraher jonno bivinno model royeche. udahoronsorup, ekti paikari isp taar dial-up modem popp baa telephone exchangegulite install koraa dslm-err madhyome shesh byaboharkarider network axes pradan korte paare ebong shesh byaboharkarir trafficke vispir networke rutt, suich ebong/athoba tunnel korte paare, jaar foley taaraa trafficke taar gontobyer dike porichalito korte paare. onno ekti modele, paikari isp konao shesh-byaboharkarir trafficke rutt korey naa ebong shudhumatra aaa (promanikoron, anumodan ebong ekauntim) fungsion, pashapashi imel baa web hostinger moto konao mulya sanjojan porisheba pradan korte hoy. ekti sampurna viskyte onno ekti isp offer bishuddho rebranding thakbe jekhane hosta isp porishebar samasta dick porichalona korey. eyi modelti sadharonoto datobbo sangostha ebong anyanno affinity sangosthar jonno byabohrito hoy jekhane 'myoorgonization' isp asle onno isp-teey ekti virtual porisheba. jey konao prodotto isp ekti porisheba prodaner jonno taader nijaswa popp byabohar korte paare, ebong onno porisheba prodaner jonno ekti vcp model byabohar korte paare, athoba, bivinno khettre ekti porisheba prodaner jonno ekti sangmishran byabohar korte paare. ekti vcp modele paikari isp dwara prodotto porishebati ekti upstream isp theke alada, jodio, kichhu khettre, taaraa ubhayi eka ebong ekoi sangostha hotey paare. prothomti shesh byaboharkarir prangan theke internet baa shesh byaboharkarir isp-teey sangjog pradan korey ebong porerti shesh byaboharkarir isp theke interneter bucky samasta baa ongshogulite sangjog pradan korey. ekti visp ekti dial-up hoait lebel porishebao hotey paare jaa jey kauke bina mulye baa nyuntama setup phii-teey deoa hoy. porisheba prodankari prokrito isp qala theke rajaswa utponno korey ebong seii rajaswer ekti shotangshoo visker maliker sange bhag korey nitey paare. samasta projuktigoto dikguli mokabila koraa hoy, jaa porishebar procharer kaajti visper maliker haate chhede deyo. tobey, meterbehean dial-up accesser janapriyatar karone eyi dharaner porisheba hrass pachche. itihas. bishwer prothom virtual isp kanadian intussis corporationer (bortomane esha * qama) juktorajyo shakha dwara eginater saathe angshidaritte aggragami hoyechilo. intussis online' naame porichito eyi visk 1996 saale londone chaalu koraa hoyechilo ebong prathomikbhabe anyanno virtual aisper jonno ekti prodorshon isp hisabe byabohrito hoyechilo. 1998 saale jaigo productioner kachhe internet shakha bikri naa haoya porjonto intussis ekti branded isp sorborahokari hisabe safalbhabe kaaj korey jaa clientder jonno virtual isp sarbaraha korey.

virtual ISP virtual isp (vsp), jene effinity isp tareeke pann odakhvaamaa aave chhe, teey internet sevaa pradaata (isp) chhe jeey anya brand naam hethal haalnaa ispna sansadhanone fareethi veche chhe. zankhi. virtual isp ("vispi") anya isp (ketalikvaar aaa sandarbhma jaththaabandh isp athavaa samaan tareeke odakhaati) pasethi sevaao khareede chhe jeey vispina graahakone jaththaabandh ispni maliki aneey sanchalan dharaavtaa aek athavaa vadhu point off presence (pops) dwara internetno upyog karvaanee manjuri aape chhe. virtual isp saamanya isp khareedina truteey pakshthi aikses pointthi laeene sampoorn safed label sevaa sudhee badlai shake chhe jyaan vispani branding saamanya reete temnaa potaana adheekarma isp hovani chhabine darshaavvaa jevee hoya chhe. virtual ispsna vitaran maate viveedh namunaao chhe. udaaharan tareeke, jaththaabandh isp tenaa dial-up modem pops athavaa telephone exchangema sthaapit dii. aesa. aela. aema. dwara anteem vapraashkartaaone network aikses pradaan curry shake chhe, aneey vee. aesa. pii. naa network parr anteem vapraashkartaa trafficne ruut, switch aneey/athavaa tunnel curry shake chhe, jenaa parr teo trafficne tenaa gantavya taraf ruut curry shake chhe. anya aek modelmaan, jaththaabandh isp koee anteem vapraashkartaa trafficne ruut karatu nathee, aneey tene fakt aaa (pramanikaran, adhikrutataa aneey hisab) kaaryo, temaj email athavaa web hosting jevee koipan moolya-vrudhdhi sevaao pradaan karvaanee jaroor chhe. sampoorn vispamaa anya isp ofarnu shuddh rebranding hashe jyaan yajmaan isp sevaana tamaam pasaonu sanchalan karey chhe. aaa modelno upyog saamanya reete sakhaavati sansthao aneey anya sanlagn sansthao maate thaay chhe jyaan 'myorganization' isp vaastavma anya isp parr virtual sevaa chhe. koipan ISP aek sevaa pahonchadva maate temnaa potaana popno upyog curry shake chhe, aneey beejee sevaa pahonchadva maate visp modelno upyog curry shake chhe, athavaa, viveedh kshetroma sevaa pahonchadva maate sanyojanno upyog curry shake chhe. visp modelmaan jaththaabandh isp dwara puurii padvama aavtee sevaa upstream ispthi alag chhe, tema chhataa, ketlaak kissaaomaa, teo banne aek aneey aek jaj kampani hoi shake chhe. pahelu anteem vaprashkartana parisarthi internet athavaa anteem vaprashkartana isp saathe jodaan purun paade chhe, aneey pachhinu anteem vaprashkartana ispthi baakinaa internetnaa tamaam athavaa bhaago saathe jodaan purun paade chhe. visp aee dial-up white label sevaa pann hoi shake chhe jeey koipanne vinaa koee kharche athavaa nyuntam setup phii maate aapvama aave chhe. sevaa puurii paadati vaastavik isp kolmathi aavak pedaa karey chhe aneey teey aavaknee takaavaari vispina maaleek saathe pann vahenchee shake chhe. tamaam takneeki paasao saathe vyavhaar karvaamaa aave chhe, jeey vspna malikne sevaane protsaahan aapvaanu kaary aape chhe. joke, meater vagarnee dial-up aiksesnee lokpriyataane kaarane aaa prakaarnee sevaa ghatee rahee chhe. itihas. vishwani pratham virtual ispni sharuaat kenediyan intasses corporation (havey aesa * qoma) nee yuke shaakha dwara easynet saathe bhagidarima karvaamaa aavee hatee. intasses online' tareeke odakhaati vispani sharuaat 1996maan londonma karvaamaa aavee hatee aneey teno upyog mukhyatve anya virtual esps maate pradarshan isp tareeke thato hato. intassise 1998maan zygo productionsne internet haath vechvaamaa aavyo tyaan sudhee graahako maate virtual isp pradaan kartaa branded isp pradaata tareeke safaltapurvak kaama karyoo hatoo.

aabhaasi aaee. aiss. pee. ack aabhaasi isp (visapi), jise ack affinity isp key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, ack internet seva pradaata (isp) haye joe maujooda isp key sansadhanon koo dusare brand naam key tahat punarvikraya kartaa haye. avalokan. ack aabhaasi isp ("visp") kissy anya isp seey sevaaon kii khareed kartaa haye (kabhi-kabhi ise thoke isp yaa isi sandarbh mein kahaa jaataa haye) joe vsp key grahakon koo ack yaa adhik upasthiti (popp) key madhyam seey internet taka pahunchane kii anumati detaa haye joe thoke isp key swaamitva aur sanchaalan mein hain. aabhaasi isp ack samanya isp seey laker ack teesare paksh seey praapt pahunch seey laker ack poorna safed label seva taka bhinn hoe sakate hain jahan visp kii branding aamtaur parr apane swayam key adhikaar mein ack isp honey kii chhavi koo chitrit karane key liye hoti haye. aabhaasi isps kii delivery key liye vibhinn model hain. ack udaaharan key roop mein ack thoke aaee. aiss. pee. apane dial-upp modem popp yaa telephone exchange mein sthaapit dee. aiss. ell. aim. key madhyam seey antim upayogkartaon koo network pahunch pradaan curr sakata haye, aur maarg, switch, aur/yaa surang key madhyam seey antim upayogkarta yatayat koo visp key network taka pahuncha sakata haye, jisake baad way yatayat koo usake gantavya kii or maarg dey sakate hain. ack anya model mein, thoke isp kissy bhee antim-upayogkarta yatayat koo root naheen kartaa haye, aur kewal aaa (pramanikaran, pradhikaran aur lekhankan) karyon key saath-saath email yaa web hosting jaisi kissy bhee moolya-vardhit sevaaon koo pradaan karane kii aavashyakta hoti haye. ack poorna visp mein ack anya isp peshkash kaa shuddh rebranding shamil hoga jahan mezban isp seva key sabhi pahaluon kaa prabandhan kartaa haye. iss model kaa upayog aamtaur parr daan aur anya aatmiyata sangathanon key liye kiya jaataa haye jahaan 'myorganization' isp vaastav mein ack anya isp parr ack aabhaasi seva haye. koee bhee isp ack seva dene key liye apane swayam key popp kaa upayog curr sakata haye, aur doosari seva dene key liye ack visp model kaa upayog curr sakata haye, yaa, vibhinn kshetron mein seva dene key liye ack sanyojan kaa upayog curr sakata haye. visp model mein thoke isp dwara pradaan kii jaane vaali seva ack upstream isp seey alag haye, bhale hii, kuchh mamalon mein, way donon ack aur ack hii company hoe sakati hain. pahala antim upayogkarta key parisar seey internet yaa antim upayogkarta key isp taka connectivity pradaan kartaa haye, aur doosara antim upayogkarta key isp seey baaki internet key sabhi yaa hisson taka connectivity pradaan kartaa haye. ack visp kissy koo bhee binaa kissy laagat yaa nyuntam setup shulk key liye dee jaane vaali ack dial-upp white label seva bhee hoe sakati haye. seva pradaan karane vaalaa vaastavik aaee. aiss. pee. coll seey rajaswa utpann kartaa haye aur usa rajaswa kaa ack pratishat vee. aiss. pee. key malik key saath bhee saajha curr sakata haye. sabhi takniki pahaluon seey nipata jaataa haye, jisase visp key malik koo seva koo badhaava dene kaa kaam chhod diyaa jaataa haye. haalaanki, iss tarah kii seva mein kamee aaa rahee haye kyonki binaa meater vaale dial-upp axes kii lokpriyata cumm hoe rahee haye. itihas. duniya key pahale aabhaasi isp kaa netritva kanadai intasis corporation (abb aiss * comm) kii yuu. key. shakha ney easonet key saath saajhedaari mein kiya thaa. intasis online' naamak visp koo 1996 mein landan mein launch kiya gayaa thaa aur iska upayog mukhya roop seey anya aabhaasi isp key liye ack pradarshan isp key roop mein kiya gayaa thaa. intasis ney grahakon key liye aabhaasi isp pradaan karane vaale ack branded isp pradaata key roop mein safaltapurvak kaam kiya jaba taka kii 1998 mein internet shakha koo jaigo productions koo naheen becha gayaa.

virtual aii. ess. pii. virtual aii. ess. pii. (vcp), idannu affinity aii. ess. pii. endoo kareyalaaguttade, idu astitvadalliruva aii. ess. pii. gala sampanmoolagalannu mattondu brand hesarinalli marumarata maaduva antarjala sewa puraikedaara (aii. ess. pii.) aagide. avalokana. virtual aii. ess. pii. ("vispi") mattondu aii. ess. pii. yinda sevegalannu khareedisuttade (kelavomme idannu sagatu aii. ess. pii. endu kareyalaaguttade athawa ee sandarbhadalli antahude) idu vispna grahakarige sagatu aii. ess. pii. yaya odetanadalliruva mattu nirvahisuva ondu athawa hecchina upasthitiya sthalagala (papgalu) moolaka antarjaalavannu praveshisalu anuvu maadikoduttade. virtual aispgalu saamaanya aisp khareedi pravesha bindugalinda moorane vyaktiya sampoorna bili label seveyavarege badalaagabahudu, allie vispna branding samanyavagi aisp emba chitravannu tammade aada reetiyalli chithrisuttade. virtual aii. ess. pii. gala vitaranege vividha maadarigalive. udaaharanege, sagatu aii. ess. pii. yuu tanna dial-up modem papgalu athawa duravani vinimaya kendragalalli alavadisalaagiruva dii. ess. ell. aa. emm. gala moolaka antima balakedaararige jalabandha praveshavannu odagisabahudu mattu vispna jalabandhakke antima balakedaarara sanchaaravannu maarga, switch mattu/athawa surangamaargadalli talupisabahudu, adara nantara avaru sanchaaravannu adara gamyasthaanada kadege tirugisabahudu. mattondu maadariyalli, sagatu aii. ess. pii. yuu yaavude antima-balakedaarara dattaneyannu maarga maduvudilla, mattu aaa (drudhikarana, drudhikarana mattu lekkapatra) kaaryagalannu, haageye imail athawa web hostingnantaha yaavude moulyavardhita sevegalannu maatra odagisabekaguttade. ondu sampoorna whisp mattondu isp arpaneya suddha marubranding annu olagondiruttade, allie host isp seveya ellah amshagalannu nirvahisuttade. ee maadariyannu samanyavagi datti samsthegalu mattu itara sambandha samsthegalige balasalaaguttade, allie 'myorganisation' isp vaastavaagi mattondu aiespiyalli virtual seveyagide. yaavude nirdishta aii. ess. pii. yuu ondu seveyannu needalu tammade aada papgalannu balasabahudu, mattu mattondu seveyannu talupisalu whisp maadariyannu balasabahudu, athawa, vividha pradeshagalalli seveyannu talupisalu samyojaneyannu balasabahudu. whisp maadariyalli sagatu aii. ess. pii. odagisuva seveyu upstream aii. ess. pii. ginta bhinnavagide, aadaagyoo, kelavu sandarbhagalalli, averadoo onde kampaniyagirabahudu. modalaneyadu antima-balakedaarara aavaranadinda antarjaalakke athawa antima-balakedaarara aii. ess. pii. ge samparkavannu odagisuttade mattu eradaneyadu antima balakedaarara aii. ess. pii. yinda ulida antarjaalada ellah athawa bhagagalige samparkavannu odagisuttade. whisp embudu dial-up white label seveyagirabahudu, idu yaarigaadaru yaavude vechchavillade athawa kanishta setup shulkakke nidalaaguttade. seveyannu odagisuva nijavaada isp karegala moolaka aadaayavannu galisuttade mattu aaa aadaayada shekadaavaaru bhagavannu vsp malikarondige hanchikollabahudu. ellah taantrika amshagalannu nibhaayisalaaguttade, idu viskeya malikarige seveyannu uttejisuva kaaryavannu bittukoduttade. aadaagyoo, meater maadada dial-up praveshada janapriyateyindaagi ee reetiya seveyu kshinisuttide. itihaasa. vishvada modala virtual aii. ess. pii. yannu kenadian intassis corporation (eega aise * com) yuke vibhagavu eesinetna sahabhagitvadalli praarambhisitu. intassis anline' endu kareyalaaguva whisp annu 1996 ralli landannalli praarambhisalaayitu mattu idannu prathamikavagi itara virtual ispgalige pradarshana aisp aagi balasalaayitu. intassis intassis jhaigo productionsge antarjaalada angavannu marata maaduvavarege grahakarige virtual aii. ess. pii. galannu odagisuva brand aii. ess. pii. puraikedaararaagi yashasviyagi kaaryanirvahisitu.

vertual aii. ezz. pii mattoru brand naamatthil nilavilulla aii. ezz. pii. kalude vibhavangal punarvilppana cheiyunna oru internettu sevana daathaavaanu (aii. ezz. pii) affinity aii. ezz. pii ennum ariyappedunna oru vertual aii. ezz. pii. (vispi). avalokanam. oru vertual aii. ezz. pii (vispi) mattoru aii. ezz. pii. yill ninnu sevanangal vaangunnu (chilappol motha aii. ezz. pii allengil eee pashchaathalatthil samaanamaayava ennu vilikkunnu) ithu vispi upabhokthaakkale motha aii. ezz. pii. yude udamasthathayilullathum pravarthippikkunnathi onno athiladhikamo pooyint oof presence (poppukal) vazhi internettu axus cheyyaan anuvadikkunnu. vertual aii. ezz. pii. kall oru moonnaam kakshikk purathulla saadhaarana aii. ezz. pii. vaangal axus pooyintukal muthal vispinte branding saadhaaranayaayi oru aii. ezz. pii. aayirikkunnathinte chithram avarude swantham reethiyil chithreekarikkunna oru samboornna vaitt label sevanam vare vyathyaasappedaam. vertual aii. ezz. pii. kall vitharanam cheiyunnathinu vividha modalukalundu. udaaharanathinu, oru motha aii. ezz. pick telephone ekschenchukalil instaal cheythirikkunna dial-upp modam poppukal allengil dii. ezz. ell. emmukal vazhi anthima upayokthaakkalkk network axus nalkaanum vispinte netvarkkilekku anthima upayokthru traafikkine root cheyyaanum switch cheyyaanum koodaathe/allengil thurankam cheyyaanum kazhiyum, thudarnnu avar traafikkine athinte lakshyasthaanathekku vazhithirichuvidaam. mattoru maathrkayil, mothatthilulla aii. ezz. pii. anthima upayokthru traafikkukalonnum ruting cheiyunnilla, koodaathe aaa (praamaaneekaranam, amgeekaaram, accounting) pravartthanangalum imeyil allengil web hosting polulla moolyavardhitha sevanangalum maathrame nalkendathulloo. oru samboornna vispil mattoru aii. ezz. pii oofaringinte shudhamaaya rebranding adangiyirikkum, avide hoost aii. ezz. pii sevanathinte ellah vashangalum kaikaaryam cheiyunnu. eee maathruka saadhaaranayaayi chaarittikalkkum mattu affinity oorganaiseshanukalkkum upayogikkunnu, avide 'myorganisation' aii. ezz. pii yadhaarthathil mattoru aii. ezz. pii. yile oru vertual sevanamaanu. eathenkilum aii. ezz. pii. oru sevanam nalkaan avarude swantham poppukal upayogikkukayum mattoru sevanam nalkaan whisp model upayogikkukayum allengil vividha mekhalakalil oru sevanam nalkaan oru kompineshan upayogikkukayum cheyyaam. whisp modalil oru motha aii. ezz. pii nalkunna sevanam oru upstream aii. ezz. pii. yill ninnu vyathyasthamaan, ennirunnaalum, chila sandarbhangalil, avaa randum ore kambaniyaayirikkaam. aadyathethu anthima upayokthaavinte parisarathu ninnu internettilekko anthima upayokthaavinte ispyilekko connectivity nalkunnu, randaamathethu anthima upayokthaavinte ispil ninnu internettinte backie bhaagangalilekko ellah bhaagangalilekko connectivity nalkunnu. arcum oru chelavillaatheyo kuranja sajjeekarana physilo vaagdaanam cheiyunna dial-upp vaitt label sevanavum whisp aakam. sevanam nalkunna yadhaartha isp kolukalil ninnu varumanam undaakkukayum aaa varumaanathinte oru sathamaanam vispi udamayumaayi pankidukayum cheyyaam. ellah saankethika vashangalum kaikaaryam cheyyappedunnu, ithu vispinte udamaykku sevanam prolsaahippikkunnathi chumatala nalkunnu. ennirunnaalum, meter cheyyaatha dial-upp aaksasinte janapreeti kaaranam itharathilulla sevanam kurayunnu. charithram. lokathile aadyathe vertual aii. ezz. pii. kku thudakkamittath canadian intaasis korppareshante (ippol easu * coom) yuke vibhagamaanu. intaasis oonlain' ennu vilikkappedunna whisp 1996 ll landanil samarambhichu, praadhamikamaayi mattu vertual ispukalude pradarshana aispayi ithu upayogichu. 1998ll saigo productionsinu internettu aarm vilkkunnathuvare klayantukalkkaayi vertual aii. ezz. pii nalkunna oru branded aii. ezz. pii daathaavaayi intaasis vijayakaramaayi pravarthichu.

aabhasi isp aabhasi isp (vsp), jyala affinity isp mhanoonahi olakhale jaate, haah eka internet seva pradata (isp) aahe joou vidyaman ispchya sansadhananchi pratyakshat brand navane punarvikray karato. vihangavalokan. aabhasi isp ("vsp") pratyakshat ispkadoon (kadhikadhi yaa sandarbhat ghauk isp kinwa tatsam mhatale jaate) seva kharedi karate, jyamule vspchya grahakanna ghauk ispchya malkichya aanee sanchalit asalelya eka kinwa adhik upasthitinchya bindundware (pops) internetcha vapar karata yeto. aabhasi isp heey samanya isp kharedichya truteey pakshakadoon pravesh bindunpasoon teey sampoorn sampoorn label seveparyant bhinn asoo shakatat, jithe vhispache branding sahasa tyanchya swatachya adhikarat isp asalyachi pratima chitrit karnyasathi asate. aabhasi ispschya vitaranasathi vividh models aahet. udaharanarth, ghauk isp antim vaparkartyanna tyanchya dial-up modem popp kinwa durdhvani vinimay kendranmadhye sthapit dii. ess. ell. emm. dware aanee antim vaparkartyachya rahdarila vhee. ess. pii. chya jaalyavar marg, switch aanee/kinwa bogda karoon jaal pravesh pradan karoo shakato, jyavar teey vahtuk tyachya gantvyasthanakade neuu shakatat. pratyakshat modelmadhye, ghauk isp konatyahi antim-vaparkartyachya rahdarila marg dett nahee aanee keval aaa (pramanikaran, pradhikaran aanee lekha) karye, tasech email kinwa web hostingsarkhya konatyahi mulyavardhit seva pradan karane aavashyak aahe. sampoorn vhispmadhye pratyakshat isp prastavache shuddha rebranding asel jithe yazman isp sevechya serve pailunche vyavasthapan karato. heey model samanyatah dharmaday sanstha aanee itar sanlagn sansthansathi vaparale jaate, jethe 'myorganization' isp hii pratyakshat pratyakshat ispver aabhasi seva aahe. konatihi isp eka seva denyasathi tyanchya swatachya popcha vapar karoo shakate aanee dusari seva denyasathi vsp modelcha vapar karoo shakate kinwa vegvegalya bhagat seva denyasathi sanyojan vaparu shakate. visp modelmadhye ghauk ispdware pradan keleli seva varchya bajus aayespipeksha vegali aahe, jaree kahee prakarananmadhye, tee donhi eka aanee samaan company asoo shakatat. pahila antim vaparkartyachya parisaratoon internet kinwa antim vaparkartyachya ispshi jodani pradan karato aanee dusra antim vaparkartyachya isppasoon urvarit internetchya serve kinwa bhaganshi jodani pradan karato. visp hii konalahi vinashulk kinwa kiman setup shulkasah dilee jaanari dial-up white label seva dekhil asoo shakate. seva pradan karnara pratyaksh isp collmadhun mahasool nirman karato aanee tyaa mahasulachi takkewari vspchya malkashi dekhil vatoon gheu shakato. serve tantrik pailu hatalale jaatat, jyamule vhispachya malkakade sevecha prachar karnyache kaam sodale jaate. matra, meater nasalelya dial-up praveshachya lokpriyatemule asha prakarchi seva qamee hott aahe. itihas. jagatil pahilya aabhasi ispcha pudhakar canadian intassis corporation (aata ess * com) yooke shakhene isinetchya bhagidarit ghetala hota. intasses online' mhanoon olakhala jaanara visp 1996 madhye londonmadhye suru karnyat aala aanee tyacha vapar pramukhyane itar aabhasi aayaspasathi pratyakshik isp mhanoon keela jaat asey. 1998 madhye zygo productionsla internet shakha vikalya jaiparyant grahakansathi aabhasi isp pradan karnara branded isp pradata mhanoon intasses yashasviritya karyarat hota.

bharchual isp bharchual isp (visipi), jaslai affinity isp pani bhaninchha, ek internet sewa pradayak (isp) how jasle awasthit ispka srotharulai arko brand naam antargat punah bechcha. awalokan. bharchual isp ("wisp") ley arko ispbata sewaharu kharid gardacha (kahilekaahin yasalai thok isp wa yass sandarbhama saman bhaninchha) jasle vispaka grahakharulai thok ispko swamitwama raheko rar sanchalan garieko ek wa badhi upasthiti binduharu (papharu) marfat internet pahunch garna anumati dinchha. bharchual aiespiharu tesro pakshbata samanya isp kharid pahunch binduharubata purna seto lebel sewama bhinna huna sakchha jahaan wispako branding samanyataya afnai adhikarma isp bhaeko chhawi chitran garna jastai hunchha. bharchual ispsko deliveryka lagi vibhinna modelharu chhan. udaharanka rupma thok isplay telephone exchangema sthapit dial-up modem pup wa dslmharu marfat antim prayogkartaharulai network pahunch pradan garna sakchha, rar wispako networkma antim-prayogkarta traficlai marga, switch, rar/wa tunnel garna sakchha, jaspar tiniharule traficlai yasako gantawyatira marga banauna sakchhan. arko modelma, thok isplay kunai pani antim-prayogkarta traficlai marga gardaina, rar kewal aaa (pramanikaran, pradhikaran rar lekha) prakaryaharu, sathai kunai pani mulya-wriddhi sewaharu, jastai email wa web hosting pradan garna awashyak chha. purna vispama arko isp prastawko shudha rebranding samawesh hunechha jahaan host isplay sewaka sabai pakshaharu wyawasthapan gardacha. yo model samanyataya paropkari rar anya atmiyata sansthaharuka lagi prayog garinchha jahaan 'myorganization' isp wastawma arko ispma bharchual sewa how. kunai pani diieko isplay euta sewa pradan garna afnai papharu prayog garna sakchha, rar arko sewa pradan garna wisp model prayog garna sakchha, wa, vibhinna kshetraharuma sewa pradan garna sanyojan prayog garna sakchha. wisp modelma thok aiespidwara pradan garieko sewa upstream aiespibhanda farak chha, yadyapi, kehi awasthama, tiniharu duwai ek rar eutai company huna sakchhan. pahilole antim prayogkartako parisarbata internet wa antim prayogkartako ispma jadan pradan gardacha, rar pachhillole antim prayogkartako ispbata sabai wa baanki internetka bhagharuma jadan pradan gardacha. wisp kasailai pani bina kunai lagat wa nyunatam setup shulkako lagi prastawa garieko dial-up seto lebel sewa pani huna sakchha. sewa pradan garne wastawik isplay kalharubata rajaswa utpanna gardacha rar tyo rajaswako pratishat wispako maliksanga pani sajhedari garna sakchha. sabai prawidhik pakshaharu wyawahar garinchha, bhispako maliklai sewako prawardhan garne karya chhodchha. tathapi, yass prakarko sewa mitterwihin dial-up pahunchko lokapriyataka karan ghatdai gaeko chha. itihas. wishwako pahilo bharchual isplai canadali intassis corporation (ahile ess * cum) ko yuke shakhale eginetsangko sajhedarima agragami gareko thiyo. intassis unline' bhanine wisp sann 1996 maa londonma suru garieko thiyo rar yasalai mukhya rupma anya bharchual ispaharuka lagi pradarshan ispko rupma prayog garieko thiyo. intasisle sann 1998 maa jaigo utpadanharulai internet arm bechnesamma grahakharuka lagi bharchual isp pradan garne branded isp pradayakko rupma safalatapurwak sanchalan sanchalan.

virtual aai. ess. pii. eka virtual isp (bhisipi), jaahaa eka finity isp bhabare madhya janashuna, eka internet seba pradanakari (isp) jaahaa anya brand naamare bidyamana ispgudikara sambalaku punah bikrai kare . samikhya karantu. eka virtual isp ("bhisipi") anya isp (belebele ehi sandarbhare eka paikari isp kimba anuroopa kuhajae) ru seba kraiah kare jaahaa bhispara grahakamananku paikari isp dwara malikana ebong parichalita eka kimba adhika point off presons (pop) madhyamare internet prabesha karibaku anumathi die . virtual isp eka sadharana isp kraiah axus paentaru truteeja pakhyaru eka sampurna dhalaa lebel seba parjyanta bhinna hoipare jeunthare bhispara branding sadharanatah eka isp hebara chitraku niz adhikarare chitrana kariba pari . virtual isp bitarana paain bibhinna model achhi . udaharana swaroopa, eka paikari aai. ess. pii. telephone exchangere sthapita dial-up modem pop kimba dii. ess. ell. emm. madhyamare shesh byabaharakareenku netawarka prabesha pradan karipariba, ebong shesh byabaharakaree traphikaku wispa netawarkaku rutt, switch ebong/kimba tunnel karipariba, jaahaa parey semane traphikaku ehara gantabya aadaku pathaiparanti. anya eka madelare, paikari aai. ess. pii. kaunasi antim-byabaharakaree traphikaku rutt kare naahin, ebong kebala aaa (pramanikarana, pradhikarana ebong aakaunting) karjya, tatha email kimba web hosting pari kaunasi mulya-yoda seba pradan kariba aabasyaka . eka sampurna vsp anya isp offerer eka shudha rebrandingku nei gathita heba jeunthare host isp sebara samasta digaku parichalana kare . ehi model sadharanatah databya sanstha ebong anyanya sambandha sangathana paain byabahruta hue jeunthare 'myorganisation' isp bastabare anya isp upare eka virtual seba . kaunasi pradatta aai. ess. pii. gotie seba pradan kariba paain nijara pop byabahara karipare, ebong anya eka seba pradan kariba paain eka bhi. ess. pii. model byabahara karipare, kimba, bibhinna khetrare eka seba pradan kariba paain eka mishran byabahara karipare. eka bhispi madelare eka paikari isp dwara pradan karajaithiba seba eka upstream isp thaaru bhinna, jadio, keteka khetrare, semane ubhaja gotie ebong samaana company hoiparanti . prathamati shesh-byabaharakareenka parisararu internet kimba shesh-byabaharakareenka isp sahita sanjoga pradan kare, ebong dwiteejati shesh byabaharakareenka isp thaaru internetra samasta kimba abasista anshaku sanjoga pradan kare . eka bhispi madhya eka dial-up white lebel seba hoipare jaahaa kahaku bina moolyare kimba sarbanimna setup phis paain pradan karajae . seba pradan karuthiba prakruta aai. ess. pii. kalgudikaru rajaswa srusti karithae ebong sehi rajaswara eka pratishataku bhi. ess. pii. rahr malikanka saha bantipare. samasta baishajika digaku parichalana karajaithae, jahaphalare wispara malikanku sebaku prostahita karibara karjya chhadi diajae. tebe, meterbeheen dial-up prabeshara lokaprijata karanaru ehi prakarara seba hrass pauchhi. itihas. biswara pratham virtual isp canadia intassis corporation (bartamana ess * qama) rahr jayu. kee. shakha dwara eginet sahita bhagidarire agrani hoithila . intassis unline' namaka ehi bhispa 1996 ray landanare arambha hoithila ebong ehaa mukhyatah anya virtual isp paain eka pradarshan isp bhabare byabahruta hoithila . intassis eka branded aai. ess. pii. pradanakari bhabe saphalatara saha karjya karithila, jaahaa 1998 masihare jaigo pradaksansaku internet shakha bikri heba parjyanta grahakamananka paain virtual aai. ess. pii. pradan karuthila.

virtual ISP virtual aaee. aiss. pee. (vee. aiss. pee.), jiss noon affinity aaee. aiss. pee. vee kiha jaanda haii, ikk internet seva pradata (aaee. aiss. pee.) haii joe maujuda aaee. aiss. pee. dey sarotan noon kise horr brand naam heth dubara vechda haii. sankhep jankari. ikk virtual aaee. aiss. pee. ("vee. aiss. pee.") kise horr aaee. aiss. pee. toon sevavan kharidada haii (kaee vaar iss sandrabh witch ikk thoke aaee. aiss. pee. jaan iss tarahan dey) joe vee. aiss. pee. dey gaahkan noon ikk jaan ikk toon vaddh maujudgi dey binduaan (pops) raahin internet takk pahunch curran dee aagiaa dinda haii joe thoke aaee. aiss. pee. duaara malkiat atey sanchalit hunde hunn. virtual isp ikk tiji dhir toon aam isp khareed pahunch binduaan toon lae keey ikk sampuran chitte label seva takk vakkh-vakkh hoow sakde hunn jitthe visp dee branding aam taur 'teey aapne aap witch ikk isp honn dey chittar noon darsaun laee hundi haii. virtual isp dee sapurdagi laee vakkh-vakkh maadal hunn. ikk udaharan dey taur utte ikk thoke aaee. aiss. pee. telephone exchanges witch sathapit aapne dial-upp maadam pops jaan dee. aiss. aill. aimm. raahin antam upbhogtavan noon network pahunch pardan qarr sakda haii, atey visp dey network witch antam upbhogta traephik noon ruut, switch atey/jaan surang dey sakda haii, jiss utte uh traephik noon iss dee manzil vall ruut qarr sakde hunn. ikk horr maadal witch, thoke aaee. aiss. pee. kise vee antam-upbhogta traephik noon ruut naheen karda, atey siraf aaa (pramanikta, adhikar atey lekha) functionan dey naal-naal koee vee mull-vaadha sevavan, jiven kii eemel jaan web hosting pardan curran dee zaroorat haii. ikk sampuran visp witch ikk horr aaee. aiss. pee. peshkash dee shudh rebranding shamal hovegi jitthe mezban aaee. aiss. pee. seva dey saare pahiluaan daa parbandhan karda haii. ih maadal aam taur utte charity atey horr sabandhat sangathanan laee vartiaa jaanda haii jitthe 'myorgnization' aaee. aiss. pee. asal witch ikk horr aaee. aiss. pee. utte ikk virtual seva haii. koee vee aaee. aiss. pee. ikk seva pardan curran laee aapne khud dey pops dee varton qarr sakda haii, atey duji seva pardan curran laee ikk visp maadal dee varton qarr sakda haii, jaan, vakkh-vakkh khetran witch ikk seva pardan curran laee ikk sumel dee varton qarr sakda haii. ikk visp maadal witch ikk thoke aaee. aiss. pee. duaara pardan keeti gaee seva ikk upparle paase aaee. aiss. pee. toon vakkhari haii, bhaven kii, kujh mamlian witch, uh doven ikk atey ikko company hoow sakdiaan hunn. pahila antam-upbhogta dey ahaate toon internet jaan antam-upbhogta dey aaee. aiss. pee. takk connectivity pardan karda haii, atey dooja antam upbhogta dey aaee. aiss. pee. toon baaki saare jaan internet dey hissiaan takk connectivity pardan karda haii. ikk visp ikk dial-upp white label seva vee hoow sakadi haii joe kise noon vee binan kise keemat jaan ghatto ghatt setup fees laee pesh keeti jaandi haii. seva pardan curran vaala asal aaee. aiss. pee. kaalan toon malia paida karda haii atey uss maaliye daa ikk pratishat vee. aiss. pee. dey maalak naal sanjha qarr sakda haii. saare takniki pahiluaan naal najithiaa jaanda haii, jiss naal visp dey maalak noon seva noon utshahit curran daa kamm chhadd ditta jaanda haii. halanki, iss kisam dee seva binan meeter vaale dial-upp pahunch dee prasidhi caarn ghatt rahee haii. itihaas. dunia dey pahile virtual aaee. aiss. pee. dee shuruat canadian intasis corporation (hunn aiss * qaam) dee yuu. keey. shakha duaara easynet naal bhaiwali witch keeti gaee see. intassis online' kiha jaanh vaala visp 1996 witch london witch lanch keeta giaa see atey iss dee varton mukkh taur 'teey horr virtual aspus laee ikk pardarshan aaee. aiss. pee. vajon keeti jaandi see. intassis neey ikk branded aaee. aiss. pee. pradata vajon safaltapurvak kamm keeta joe gaahkan laee virtual aaee. aiss. pee. pardan karda haii jadon takk kii internet arm noon 1998 witch jaigo productions noon vechiaa naheen giaa see.

aabhaasi ISP aabhaasi-aii. ess. pi. (visipi), api cha affinity-aii. ess. pi. iti namna prasidhah, antarjaala-sevaa-pradaayakah (aii. ess. pi.) asti yah vidyamaanasya aii. ess. pi.-ityasya samsadhanan anyena brand-namna punah vikrete. avalokanam karotu. aabhaasi-aii. ess. pi. ("visp") anyaat aii. ess. pi.-taha (kadaachit etasmin sandarbhe thoka-aii. ess. pi. athavaa tatsadrusham iti kathyate) sevaam kreenaati, yena visp-grahakaha thoka-aii. ess. pi. dwara svaamitvam cha sanchaalitam cha ekatah vaa adhikah upasthitipaddhatih (pops) dwara antarjaalasy abhigamyam kartum shaknuvanti. aabhaasi-aii. ess. pi.-ityete samanyat aii. ess. pi.-kretrubhyah truteeyapakshaat praapya praapyatah purnataya shveta-label-sevaam yaavat bhinnani bhavitum arhanti, yatra visp-ityasya branding praayah swakeeyaroopen aii. ess. pi-ityasya chitram chitrayitum bhavati. aabhaasi-aii. ess. pi.-ityasya vitaranaartham vividhaah pratiroopaani santi. udaaharanaroopen, ekaha thoka-aii. ess. pi. doorabhaash-vinimayasthale sthapitanam dial-up modem-pops athavaa dee. ess. ell. emm.-dwara antima-upayoktrubhyah jaala-pravesham pradaatum shaknoti, tathaa cha visp-jaalasy antima-upayoktru-yaataayaatasy maargah, parivartanam,/athavaa surangam cha pradadat, tatah param te yatayatam tasya gantavyam prati gantum shaknuvanti. anyasmin pratimanasya, thoka-aii. ess. pi.-samsthaa kasyaapi antima-upayoktru-yaataayaatasy maargam naa karoti, tathaa cha kevalam aaa (pramanikaranam, praadhikaranam, lekhaamkanam) karyani, tathaiva eemel athavaa web-hosting ityadinam moolyawardhit-sevaam cha pradadaati. sampoorn-visp ityasmin anyasya aii. ess. pi.-prastuteekaranasy shuddha-punahmudranam bhavishyati yatra aatitheyah aii. ess. pi. sewaayaah sarvaan pakshan nirvahati. etat pratimaanam samanyataha daana-samsthanam anyaih sambaddh-samsthanam cha krute upayujyate yatra 'maiorgenaiseshan' aii. ess. pi. vastutah anyasmin aii. ess. pi. ityatra aabhaseesevaa asti. kimapi pradattam aii. ess. pi. ekam sevaam pradadat swakiyaan pops ityetaan upayoktum shaknoti, anyam sevaam pradadat visp-pratiroopam cha upayoktum shaknoti, athavaa bhinnakshetreshu sevaam pradadat samyojanam upayoktum shaknoti. visp-maadel ityasmin thoka-aii. ess. pi. dwara pradatta sevaa upstream-aii. ess. pi. taha bhinnah asti, yadyapi keshuchit sandarbheshu te dwau api ekau eva kampanee iti bhavitum arhanti. poorvam antima-upayoktuh parisaraat antarjaala-prati athavaa antima-upayoktuh aii. ess. pi. prati samparkam pradadaati, uttaram antima-upayoktuh aii. ess. pi. taha shesh-antarjaalasy sarvaan vaa bhagan vaa samparkam pradadaati. visp iti dial-up vait-label-sevaa api bhavitum arhati, yaa kasyaapi krute vinaa vilaye athavaa nyoonatam-sett-up-shulkartham pradatta bhavati. sevaa pradadaati vaastavikah aii. ess. pi.-pakshah calls-dwara raajaswam janayati, tasya raajaswasya pratishatam cha visp-pakshasya swaameen saha panktum shaknoti. sarvaan praavidhikaan pakshan paryaalochayanti, yena vee. ess. pee. ityasya swami sewaayaah pracharasya kaaryam avahati. tathaapi, meater-rahita-dial-up-abhigamasya lokapriyataayaah karanat etaadrushee sevaa nyooneebhavati. itihaasah. vishvasya prathamam aabhaasi-aii. ess. pi. iteedam kenadian-intassis-nigamasya (adhunaa ess * kaam) yoo. key.-shakhaya easinet-samsthayaa sahabhagitvena pravartitam. intassis anlain' iti namna khyaatah visp 1996 tame varshe landan-nagare arabdha, mukhyataya anyaanaam aabhaasi-isp-ityeteshaam pradarshana-isp-rupena cha upayujyate sma. 1998 tame varshe zaigo-productions-samsthaayai antarjaala-baahunah vikrayanam naa yaavat abhavat, taavat yaavat grahakanam krute varchuval-aii. ess. pi. pradaatruroopen brand-aii. ess. pi. pradaatruroopen intassis-samsthaa safalatayaa karyam krutavatee.

meinigar ISP oru meinigar isp (vispi), oru affinity isp endrum azhaikkappadukirathu, idhu oru inaiya saevai vazhangkunar (isp) aagum, idhu aerkanavae ulla isp-kalin valangkalai mattroru brand peyaril maruvirpanai seikirathu. kannoattam. oru meinigar isp ("visp") mattroru isp-ilirunththu sevaigalai vaangkukirathu (sila nerangalil moththa isp allathu inththa soozhalil oththathu endru azhaikkappadukirathu) idhu visibi-inn vaadikkaiyaalargalai ondru allathu adharku maerpatta iruppu pulligal (pops) vazhiyaaga inaiyatthai anuga anumathikkirathu, avai moththa isp-kku sonthamaanavai mattrum iyakkappadugindrana. meinigar aispkal moontraam tharappinaridamirunthu oru saathaarana isp vaangkum anugal pulligalilirunthu oru muzhumaiyaana vellai lable saevai varai maarupadalaam, angku vispin branding podhuvaaga oru isp endra padaththai avattrin sontha urimaiyil siththarippathu poantrathu. meinigar aispkalai vazhangka palvaeru maathirigal ullana. oru eduththukkaattaaga, oru moththa isp adhan dial-app moadam paapkal allathu tholaipaesi parimaattrangkalil niruvapatta dslamgal vazhiyaaga iruthi payanarkalukku network anugalai vazhangka mudiyum, maelum vispin netvorkkirku iruthi payanar poakkuvaraththai paathai, switch mattrum/allathu surangappaathai seiyalaam, adhan piragu avarkal poakkuvaraththai adhan ilakkai noakki vazhinadaththalaam. mattroru maathiriyil, moththa ISP endha iruthi payanar poakkuvaraththaiyum vazhinadaththaathu, maelum AAA (angkeekaaram, angkeekaaram mattrum kanakkiyal) seyalpaadugal, athae poal minnanjal allathu valai hoasting poantra endhavoru mathippu koottal sevaigalaiyum mattumae vazhangka vaendum. oru muzhumaiyaana visp mattroru isp vazhangkalin thooya maruseeramaippaik kondirukkum, angku hoast isp sevaiyin anaitthu amsangkalaiyum nirvagikkirathu. inththa maathiri podhuvaaga thondu niruvanangal mattrum pira inaippu amaippugalukku payanpaduththappadukirathu, angku 'myoragonisation' isp unmaiyil mattroru isp ill oru meinigar sevaiyaagum. endhavoru ISP oru sevaiyai vazhangka thangal sontha paapkalaip payanpaduththalaam, maelum mattroru sevaiyai vazhangka oru visp maathiriyaip payanpaduththalaam, allathu, vevvaeru pakuthikalil oru sevaiyai vazhangka oru kalavaiyaip payanpaduththalaam. oru visp maathiriyil oru moththa isp vazhangkum saevai oru maelnoakkiya isp-ilirunththu vaerupattathu, iruppinum, sila santharppangalil, avai irandum oray niruvanamaaga irukkalaam. muthal inaippu iruthi payanarin valaakaththilirunththu inaiyaththirku allathu iruthi payanarin ispku inaippai valangkukirathu, maelum pinthaiyathu iruthi payanarin ispyilirunthu inaiyaththin anaitthu allathu pira pakuthikalukku inaippai valangkukirathu. oru visp enbathu yaarukkum endha selavum illaamal allathu kurainthapatcha amaippuk kattanaththirkaaga vazhangkappadum dial-app vellai lable sevaiyaagavum irukkalaam. sevaiyai vazhangkum unmaiyana isp azhaippugalilirunthu varuvaayai uruvaakkukirathu, maelum antha varuvaayil oru sathaveethaththai vispin urimaiyaalarudan pagirnthu kollalaam. anaitthu thozhilnutpa amsangkalum kaiyaalappadugindrana, ithanaal vichp urimaiyalarukku sevaiyai ookkuvikkum panii ullathu. iruppinum, meettar illaatha dial-app anugalin pugazh kaaranamaaga inththa vagaiyaana saevai kuraindhu varukirathu. varalaaru. ulagin muthal meinigar isp kanadiyan intassis corporation (ippoathu aes * kaam) englaanthu privinaal eesinettudan inainthu munnoadiyaaga irunththathu. intassis anline' endru azhaikkappadum visp 1996 aam aandil landanil thodangappattathu mattrum muthanmaiyaaga pira meinigar ispkalukkaana oru seyalthiran aispaaga payanpaduththappattathu. intassis 1998 aam aandil jaigo thayaarippukalukku inaiya kaii virkappadum varai vaadikkaiyaalargalukku meinigar isp-kazhai vazhangkum oru branded isp vazhangkunaraaga vetrtrikaramaaka seyalpattathu.

virtual ISP virtual isp (vispi), dheenini affinity isp anie kooda pilustaaru, idhi internet servies provider (isp), idhi ippatike unna isp vanarula vanarulanu maroka brand paerutoe tirigi vikrayistundi. sameeksha. virtual isp ("vispi") maroka isp nundi sevalanu konugolu chestundi (konnisaarlu toku isp ledhaa eee sandarbhamlo ilaantidi anie pilustaaru) idhi vispi viniyogadaarulaku toku isp yaajamaanyamloni mariyu nirvahinche okati ledhaa anthakante ekkuva paayintla (pops) dwara internetnu access cheyadaaniki anumatistundi. virtual isps moodava paksham nundi access paayintlanu konugolu chese saadhaarana isp nundi puurti white label servies varaku maaravacchu, ikkada whisp yokka branding saadhaaranamgaa oka isp anae chitraanni vaari swantha hakkulo chithreekarinchadam vantidi. virtual aispla pampinhee kosam vividha namuunaalu unnaayi. udaaharanaku toku ISP thana dial-up modem pops ledhaa telephone exchangeelalo vyavasthaapinchina DSlams dwara tudi viniyogadaarulaku network accessnu andinchagaladu mariyu tudi viniyogadaaru traafiknu whisp netvarkku ruut, switch mariyu/ledhaa tunnell cheyavachu, aaa taruvaata vaaru traafiknu daani gamyam vaipu daari theeyavachhu. maroka namoonaalo, toku ISP yea tudi-viniyogadaaru traafiknu maarganirdesam cheyadu, mariyu AAA (praamaaneekarana, adhikaram mariyu accounting) vidhulu, alaage email ledhaa web hosting vanti edainaa viluva-jodimpu sevalanu matrame andinchaali. puurti whisp maroka isp samarpana yokka swachchamaina rebrandingnu kaligi untundi, ikkada host isp seva yokka anni amsaalanu nirvahistundi. eee namuunaanu saadhaaranamgaa swachchanda samsthalu mariyu itara anubandha samsthalaku upayogistaaru, ikkada 'mye organization' ISP vaastavaaniki maroka ISP loe virtual seva. edainaa ISP oka sevanu andinchadaaniki vaari swantha paaplanu upayoginchavacchu, mariyu maroka sevanu andinchadaaniki whisp namuunaanu upayoginchavacchu, ledhaa, vividha praantaalalo sevanu andinchadaaniki kalayikanu upayoginchavacchu. whisp namoonaalo toku isp andinche seva upstream isp nundi bhinnamgaa untundi, ayinappatikee, konni sandarbhaallo, avi rendoo oke company kaavacchu. modatidi tudi viniyogadaaru praamganamloo nundi internetku ledhaa tudi viniyogadaaru yokka yokka connectivityni andistundi, mariyu rendodi tudi viniyogadaaru yokka ISP nundi migilina internet yokka anni ledhaa bhagalaku connectivityni andistundi. whisp anedi evarikainaa etuvanti kharchu lekunda ledhaa kaneesa setup rusumu kosam andinche dial-up white label seva kooda kaavacchu. sevanu andinche vaastava isp calls nundi aadaayaanni utpatti chestundi mariyu aaa aadaayamlo kontha saataanni vispi yajamaanito panchukovachhu. anni saanketika amsaalu parishkarinchabadataayi, tadwara sevanu prothsahinche pani whisp yajamaniki migilipotundi. ayithe, meater laeni dial-up access yokka prajaadarana kaaranamgaa eee vidhamaina seva ksheenistoondi. charitra. prapanchamlooni mottamodati virtual ispni kenadian intassis corporation (ippudu aes * com) yokka yuke vibhagam eginet bhaagaswaamyamto praarambhinchindi. intassis online' anie piluvabade whisp whisp londonlo praarambhinchabadindi mariyu pradhanamgaa itara virtual isps kosam pradarsana ispga upayoginchabadindi. upayoginchabadindi internet aarmnu jaigo productions kuu vikrayinche varaku khaataadaarulaku virtual ispni andinche brand isp providerga intassis vijayavantamgaa panichesindi.

virtual aayee aiss pee virtual aayee aiss pee (wee aiss pee)yee jasay affinaty aayee aiss pee bhee kahaa jaataa hay eek internet saros farahim kanandah (aayee aiss pee) hay juu maujudah aayee aiss pee kay wasail kuu dosray braand naam kay tahat dobarah farokhat kartaa hay. jaizah. eek virtual aayee aiss pee ("wee aiss pee") kasee dosray aayee aiss pee say khidmaat kharidta hay (jasay baaz auqaat thok aayee aiss pee yaa iss tanazar mein asee tarah kaa kahaa jaataa hay) juu wee aiss pee kay saarfin kuu eek yaa ziyadah points aaf presency (paap) kay zariye internet takk rasayi kii ajazat deeta hay juu thok aayee aiss pee kii malkiyat aur iss say chalaye jaatay haine. virtual aayee aiss pee teesre fareeq say aam aayee aiss pee khareedne kay rasayi points say lay kirr makmal safed leebal saros takk mukhtalif how saktay haine jehaan vesp kii branding aam toor parr apnay aap mein aayee aiss pee honay kii tasveer paish karnay kay liye hoti hay. virtual aayee aiss pee aiss kii farahami kay liye mukhtalif maadal haine. misaal kay toor parr eek thok aayee aiss pee apnay dial app modium paap yaa teeli phone exchange mein nasb ddee aiss eel ayem kay zariye ikhtatami saarfin kuu neet wark takk rasayi farahim kirr saktaa hay aur wee aiss pee kay neet wark takk ikhtatami saarif trafic kuu roat switch aur/yaa tunnel kirr saktaa hay jiss kay baad wah trafic kuu iss kii manzal kii taraf lay jaa saktay haine. eek aur maadal mein thok aayee aiss pee kasee bhee ikhtatami saarif trafic kuu roat nahein kartaa hay aur asay sarf aey aey aey (tasdiq ajazat aur accounting) afaal kay saath saath ayee meel yaa waib hosting jaisi koyee velio aidd sarosaz farahim karnay kii zarurat hoti hay. eek makmal vesp dosray aayee aiss pee paishkash kii khaalis ree branding parr mushtamil hoga jehaan mezban aayee aiss pee saros kay tamaam pahluwon kaa intezam kartaa hay. yaha maadal aam toor parr khairati idaaron aur deegar waabistagi kii tanzimon kay liye istemaal hotaa hay jehaan 'mayee organization' aayee aiss pee darasil dosray aayee aiss pee parr eek virtual saros hay. koyee bhee aayee aiss pee eek saros farahim karnay kay liye apnay paap istemaal kirr saktaa hay aur dosri saros farahim karnay kay liye wee aiss pee maadal istemaal kirr saktaa hay yaa mukhtalif elaqon mein saros farahim karnay kay liye eek imtazaaj istemaal kirr saktaa hay. vesp maadal mein thok aayee aiss pee kay zariah farahim kardah khadmat app stream aayee aiss pee say mukhtalif hay halankah baaz suraton mein wah donon eek hyee company how sakti haine. pehla ikhtatami saarif kay ahaatay say internet yaa ikhtatami saarif kay aayee aiss pee takk raabtah farahim kartaa hay aur moakhar alzikar ikhtatami saarif kay aayee aiss pee say baaqi internet kay tamaam yaa hasoon takk raabtah farahim kartaa hay. vesp eek dial app waait leebal saros bhee how sakti hay juu kasee kuu bhee baghair kasee qeemat kay yaa kumm say kumm seet app fees kay liye paish kii jaati hay. saros farahim karnay waala asl aayee aiss pee kaalon say aamadni paida kartaa hay aur iss aamadni kaa eek faisad wee aiss pee kay maalik kay saath bhee baant saktaa hay. tamaam takniki pahluwon say namta jaataa hay jiss say wee aiss pee kay maalik kuu saros kuu farogh deenay kaa kaam chhod diyaa jaataa hay. tahim iss qasm kii khadmat ghair metered dial app rasayi kii maqboliyat kii wajah say kumm how rahee hay. tareekh. duniya kay pehley virtual aayee aiss pee kaa aaghaz canadian intasis corporation (abb aiss * kaam) kay bartaniah kay baazo nay aizi neet kay saath sharakat mein kiyaa thaa. intasis aann line' kahalanay waala vesp 1996 mein landan mein laanch kiyaa gayaa thaa aur asay bunyadi toor parr deegar virtual aaisip kay liye eek mazahire aayee aiss pee kay toor parr istemaal kiyaa jaataa thaa. intasis nay eek branded aayee aiss pee farahim kanandah kay toor parr kamiyabi kay saath kaam kiyaa juu clients kay liye virtual aayee aiss pee farahim kartaa thaa jabb takk kahh internet baazo 1998 mein zeego productions kuu farokhat nahein kiyaa gayaa.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41095214

Froia (bishop of Vic)

Froia (bishop of Vic) Froia (or Fruia, or ; died 992×93) was a canon of the cathedral of Vic from 957 and bishop from 972. His predecessor, Atto, tried to have Vic raised to archiepiscopal status, but was assassinated by his opponents. Elected to replace him, Froia was consecrated by Ermengol, archbishop of Narbonne, who had opposed Atto because Vic was a suffragan diocese of Narbonne. On 25 February 978, Pope Benedict VII confirmed the possessions and borders of the see of Vic in a pair of bulls sent to Froia and the other suffragan bishops of Narbonne. Froia pursued a policy of acquiring and building castles along the Catalan frontier, even within the county and diocese of Barcelona. In 987, Count Borrell II of Barcelona donated half of the frontier castle of Miralles to Froia, who extracted an oath of fidelity from the castellan or vicar, Ennec Bonfill: the earliest surviving written oath from Catalonia. Froia also acquired the castles of Les Espases, Esparreguera and Font-rubí in the diocese of Barcelona. He also attempted to construct castles at Montbui and Tous. Froia was assassinated in 992 or 993 by a faction supporting an anti-bishop. He was succeeded by Arnulf. Notes. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

forua (bhikor bixop) frua (baa frua, baa; mrityu 992×93) aasil 957 sonor poraa bhisor kethedrelor etaa onuxaxon aaru 972 sonor poraa bixop. teur purboxuri yatuwe bhisok archip 'kelor morjyadaloi unnit koriboloi chesta korisil, kintu teur birudhixokole teuk hotya korisil. teur thait nirbasito huwa froyak narbunor aarsobixop ermengule pobitro korisil, jiye etuk birudhita korisil kaaron bhik narbunor ek bhutadhikari daay "sis aasil. 25 february 978-too pup benedikto vii-e frua aaru narbunor aan bhutadhikari bixopok pothuwa xaror etaa jurat bhisor xompoti aaru xeema nischito korisil. fro "ye ketalan ximantor kaxot, aanoki barchelunar county aaru daaio" sisor bhitorotu durgoxomuh aahoron aaru nirmanor niti onuxoron korisil. 987 sonot barchelunar count borel dwitiyoi mirelsor ximanto praxador aadha ongxo for "yaloi daan korisil, jiye kestelan baa bhikaror poraa biswostotar xopot loisil, enek bonphiloh ketaluniyar poraa ataitkoi puroni jiwito likhito xopot. fro "ye barchelunar daaio" sisot lex espes, espareguera aaru font-rubir durgoxomuhou laabh korisil. teu montbui aaru tusot durgo nirmanoru chesta korisil. 992 baa 993 sonot ejon bisip birudhik xomorthon koraa etaa dole froyak hotya korisil. teur pisot arnulof aahisil.

fraya (viker bishop) fraya (baa frua, baa; 992 × 93-ayee maaraa zaan) 957 theke viker cathedraler ekti onushashon chhilo ebong 972 theke bishop. taar purbosuri atto, archipiscopaler morjadai unnito korar chesta korechilen, kintu taar birodhider dwara taake hotya koraa hoyechilo. taanr stholabhishikto howar jonno nirbachito, froake narboner archbishop ermengol dwara pobitro koraa hoyechilo, jini attor birodhita korechilen kaaron vick narboner ekti bhotadhikar bishop chhilen. 25shhey february 978-ayee, pope benedikta vii, froate pathano eka jodaa shaand ebong narboner anyanno bhotadhikar bishoper modhye viker sampatti ebong seemana nischito corren. fraya catalan seemanto borabor, emonki county ebong barcelona dioceser modhyeo durgo adhigrahan ebong nirmaner neeti anusaran korechilen. 987 khristabde, barcelonar kaunta borrell dwitiya miraler seemanto durger ardhek ongsho frayake daan corren, jini castellan baa vicker, enneck bonfill theke bishwostotar shopoth niyechilenah catalonia theke benche thaka prachintama likhito shopoth. fraya barcelona dioceser leesa espesis, esperaguera ebong font-rubir durggulio orjon korechilo. tini montbui ebong tuse durgo nirmanero chesta korechilen. 992 baa 993 khristabde ekjon birodhi-bishopke samarthankari ekti gosthi dwara frayake hotya koraa hoy. tini arnulfer dwara sofol hohn.

froa (bishop off wick) froya (athavaa frua, athavaa; mrutyu 992 × 93) 957 thee wick cathedral aneey 972 thee bishapno siddhaant hato. temnaa purogami, etoae, archipiscopal darajjo melavaa maate veekne uthaavvaano prayaas karyo, parantu temnaa virodheeo dwara temnee hatyaa karvaamaa aavee hatee. temnaa sthaane chuntayela, froane narbonna archbishop ermengol dwara pavitra karvaamaa aavyaa hataa, jemane etono veerodh karyo hato kaaran keey wick narbone matadhikar diosis hatoo. 25 februari 978naa roj, pope benedikta viiaee froya aneey narbonna anya matadhikar bishapone mokalvaamaa aavela baladoni jodeemaa viknee sampatti aneey sarahadoni pushti curry. froe ketalan sarhad parr keellaao hastgat karvaanee aneey banaavvaani neetee apnaavi hatee, barcelona kaauntii aneey diosisma pann. 987maan, barcelonana kaaunt borel iiaee miralsnaa sarhadi keellano adadho bhaag froane daanmaa aapyo, jemane castellan athavaa wicker, enek bonfill ketaloniyamathi sauthee pahelaa hayaat lekheet shapathmathi vafadarina shapath leedha. froe barcelona diosisma leesa aspesis, asparaguera aneey phonta-rubina keellaao pann hastgat karyaa. temane montbui aneey toos khaate keellaao baandhvaano pann prayaas karyo hato. 992 athavaa 993maan aek veerodhi bishapne teko aaptaa jooth dwara froyani hatyaa karvaamaa aavee hatee. teey arnalf dwara safal thayo hato.

froya (wick key bishap) froya (yaa fruya, yaa; mrityu 992 × 93) 957 seey wick key cathedral kaa ack cannon thaa aur 972 seey bishap thaa. unake poorvavarti, atto ney archipiscopal kaa darja paane kii koshish kii, lekin unake virodhiyon dwara unaki hatyaa curr dee gaee. unake sthaan parr chune jaane parr, froya koo narbone key archbishop ermengol dwara pavitra kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone atto kaa virodh kiya thaa kyonki wick narbone kaa ack matadhikar bishap thaa. 25 farwari 978 koo, pope benedict VII ney fra aur narbone key anya matadhikar bishapon koo bheje gaye bailon kii ack jodee mein wick kii sampatti aur seemaon kii pushti kii. froya ney catalan seema key saath-saath barcelona key county aur diosis key bheetar bhee mahalon koo praapt karane aur banaane kii neeti apnai. 987 mein, barcelona key count borrell II ney mirals key seemant mahal kaa aadhaa hissa froya koo daan curr diyaa, jinhone castellan yaa wicker, annack bonfill seey nishtha kii shapath leeh catalonia seey sabse purani jeevit likhit shapath. froya ney barcelona key diosis mein less aspace, asperaguera aur font-rubi key mahalon koo bhee hassil kiya. unhone montbui aur toos mein mahalon key nirmaan kaa bhee prayaas kiya. 992 yaa 993 mein ack bishap virodhi kaa samarthan karane vaale gutt dwara froya kii hatyaa curr dee gaee thee. unake baad arnalf ney satta sambhali.

froya (bishop off wick) froya (athawa fruya, athawa; 992x93ralli nidhanaraadaru) 957rinda vikna cathedraln cannon mattu 972rinda bishop aagiddaru. avara purvavarti atoo, archipiscopal sthaanamanakke vardhane maadalu prayatnisidaru, aadare avara virodhigalinda hatyegeedaadaru. avana badalige aaykeyaada froyavannu norbone archbishop ermengol avaru pavitragolisidaru, avaru aatovannu virodhisiddaru ekendare wick norbone matada matada matada matada vibhaagavaagittu. 25 phebravari 978 randu, pope benedict VII, froya mattu norbone itara safragan bishapgalige kaluhisida ondu jodie guligalalli vikna aasti mattu gadigalannu drudhapadisidaru. froya, kaunti mattu barcelonada diasysnolagoo saha, catalan gadiyuddakkoo kotegalannu svadhinapadisikolluva mattu nirmisuva nitiyannu anusarisidaru. 987ralli, barcelonada count borrell II, froakke miralsna gadibhagada koteya ardhabhagavannu daana maadidanu, avaru castellan athawa vikar, enneck banfilninda nishteya pramaanavannu padedaru idu cataloniadinda ulidukondiruva atyanta haleya likhita pramaanavaagide. froya, barcelonada diasysnalli less espasses, espereguera mattu font-rubigala kotegalannu saha padedukonditu. avanu montbui mattu toosnalli kotegalannu nirmisalu saha prayatnisidanu. 992 athawa 993ralli bishop virodhigalannu bembalisuva ondu banavu froyavannu hatyegaidittu. avana nantara arnalf adhikaarakke bandanu.

froya (vikkile bishop) 957 muthal wick cathedralinteyum 972 muthal bishappinteyum canonayirunnu froya (allengil fruia, allengil; 992x93-ll marichu). addehathinte mungamiyaaya attoo, vikkine archipiscopal padaviyilekku uyarthaan shramichuvenkilum athiraalikalaal vadikkappettu. addehathinu pakaram thiranjedukkappetta froya narbonile aarch bishop ermencol prathishtichu, addeham narbonile oru vottar roopathayaayathinaal attoye athirthirunnu. 978 februvari februvari benedict VII marpappa froyayilekkum narbonile mattu vottarmaarkkulla bishappukalilekkum ayacha oru jodi kaalakalil vikkinte swathukkalum athirthikalum sthireekarichu. kaattalan athirthiyil, barsalonayile kaundiyilum roopathayilum polum kottakal ettedukkukayum nirmmikkukayum cheiyunnathinulla nayam froya pinthudarnnu. 987-ll, barsalonayile kaundu boral randaaman athirthi kottayaaya miralasinte pakuthi froyakku sambhavana cheythu, avar castellan allengil vikaari, ennek bonfil kaattaloniyayil ninnu avasheshikkunna aadyakaala rekhaamoolamulla prathinjayil ninnu vishwasthathayude prathinjja edutheduthu. barsalona roopathayile less espasses, espareguyera, phondu-rubie ennivayude kottakalum froya swanthamaakki. montbuyiyilum toosilum kottakal nirmmikkanum addeham shramichu. 992 allengil 993 ll oru aanti-bishappine pinthunaykkunna oru vibhaagam froya vadhichu. addehathinte pingamiyaayi arnelf adhikaaramettu.

froya (vikche bishop) froya (kinwa fruya, kinwa; mrutyu 992×93) haah 957 pasoon wick cathedralcha aanee 972 pasoon bishapcha eka cannon hota. tyacha purvavarti, atoo yane vikala archipiscopal darja denyacha prayatna keela, parantu tyachya virodhakanni tyachi hatya kelee. tyachya jaagi nivadle gelele, froya heey narbonche archbishop ermengol yanni pavitra kele, jyanni atola virodh keela hota kaaran wick heey narbonche matadhikar bishop hote. 25 februwari 978 roji, pope benedict VII neey froya aanee narbonchya itar matadhikar bishapanna pathavalelya bailanchya jodimadhye vikchya seechya malmatta aanee simanchi pushti kelee. froyane catalan simevar, agadi barcelonachya county aanee bishpakshetrat dekhil kille midvanyache aanee bandhanyache dhoran avalambale. 987 madhye, barcelonachya count borel II neey miralschya simavarti killyacha ardha bhag froyala daan keela, jyane castellan kinwa vikarkadoon, enek bonfilh kataloniyapasun sarvat junie jiwant likhit shapath, nishthechi shapath ghetali. froyane barcelonachya bishapprasatil leesa espace, espareguera aanee font-rubiche kille dekhil midavale. tyane montbui aanee toos yethe kille bandhanyacha dekhil prayatna keela. 992 kinwa 993 madhye bishapavirodhi gatala pathimba denanya gatane froyachi hatya kelee. tyachya jaagi arnalf aala.

froia (bhikako bishop) froya (wa fruia, wa; mrityu 992 × 93) 957 dekhi bhikako cathedral rar 972 dekhi bishapko cannon thiyo. unko purwawarti, atole, bhiklai archipiscopal haisiyatma puyaune prayas gare, tara unka virodhiharule unko hatya gare. unko sthanma nirvachit, froyalai narbonka archbishop ermengoldwara pawitra garieko thiyo, jasle etko virodh gareka thie kinbhane bhik narbonko matadhikar diocese thiyo. 25 february 978 maa, pope benedict VII ley froia rar narbonka anya matadhikar bishapharulai pathaieko saandheharuko jodima wikko drishyako sampatti rar simaharu pushti gare. froiale barcelonako county rar diosisabhitra pani catalan simanama mahalharu prapta garne rar nirman garne niti pachhyae. sann 987 maa, barcelonaca count borel dwitiyale mirelsko frontier mahalko adha bhag froyalai daan gare, jasle castellan wa wicker, anneck bonfilbata wafadariko shapath lieh cataloniabata sabaibhanda purano jiwit likhit shapath. froiale barcelonako diocesema less aspace, espareguera rar funt-rubika mahalharu pani prapta gare. unle montbui rar tusma mahalharu nirman garne prayas pani gare. sann 992 wa 993 maa ek anti-bishaplai samarthan garne gutdwara froyako hatya garieko thiyo. uni arnalfdwara uttaradhikari bane.

froia (bhikra bishop) froa (kimba fruya, kimba; mrutyu 992 × 93) 957 ru bhika cathedralara eka cannon ebong 972 ru bishop thile. taanka purbasuri, auto, bhikanku archipiscopal padabeeku uthaibaku chesta karithile, kintu taanka birodheenka dwara hatya karajaithila . taanka sthanare nirbachita hoi, froa narbonra archabishap ermengolnka dwara pabitra hoithile, jie aatoku birodha karithile kaaran bhika narbonra eka safragan diocese thile. 25 februari 978 ray, pope benedikt 7maha froia ebong narbonra anya safragan bishapmananku pathajaithiba eka yoda shandhare bhikra sampatti ebong seema nischita karithile. froia catalan seemaare durga adhigrahan ebong nirmana karibara neeti anusarana karithile, epariki barcelona county ebong diocese madhyare . 987 masihare, barcelonara count borell dwiteeja miralsar seemanta durgara adhaa bhaga phroanku daana karithile, jie castellan kimba bhikara, anneck banphilaru biswastatara shapath neithileh kataloniaru sarbaprathama banchithiba likhita shapath. froia madhya barcelona diocesray less espaces, espareguera ebong funt-rubi durga hassel karithile. shay montbui ebong tusare durga nirmana karibaku madhya chesta karithile. 992 kimba 993 masihare jane birodhi-bishapnku samarthan karuthiba eka gosthi dwara phroanku hatya karajaithila. taanka parey arnolph uttaradhikari hoithile.

faroa (wick daa bishop) faroiaa (jaan farua, jaan; maut 992 × 93) 957 toon wick dey girjaghar daa ikk cannon see atey 972 toon bishop see. uss dey puravgami, etto neey wick noon archapiscopal daa darja denh dee koshish keeti, parr uss dey virodhiaan duaara uss dee hattiaa qarr ditti gaee. uss dee thaan lainn laee chunhi gaee, faroiaa noon narbone dey archbiship ermengol duaara pavittar keeta giaa see, jiss neey etto daa virodh keeta see kiunki wick narbone daa ikk safragon diocese see. 25 farvari 978 noon, pope benedict VII neey foia atey narbone dey horr vott paunh vaale bishpan noon bheje gaye baldan dee ikk jodee witch wick dee sampati atey sarhaddan dee pushti keeti. faroa neey catalan sarhadd dey naal-naal barcelona dey kaoonti atey diocese dey ander vee kilhe prapat curran atey banaun dee neeti apnai. 987 witch, barcelona dey count borel II neey mirals dey sarhaddi kilhe daa addha hissa faroiaa noon daan qarr ditta, jiss neey castellan jaan wicker, anneck bonfill toon vafadari dee sahun kaddhia catalonia toon sabh toon purani bachi hoee likhti sahun. faroa neey barcelona dey diocese witch lais aspage, asparareguera atey font-rubi dey kilhe vee haasal keete. uss neey montbui atey toos vikhe kilhe banaun dee vee koshish keeti. ikk virodhi-bishop daa samarthan curran vaale ikk dhade duaara 992 jaan 993 witch faroiaa dee hattiaa qarr ditti gaee see. uss toon baad arnulf neey kabza qarr liaa.

froyaa (bishap aaf wick) froyaa (athavaa fruyaa, athavaa; 992 × 93 mriyata) 957 tame varshe vika-kethedral ityasya, 972 tame varshe bishap ityasya cha anushaasanam aasit. tasya poorvavartinah ato ityeshah, vika-ityasya aarchi-episcopal-padaveem praaptum prayatat, parantu tasya virodhakaih saha hatah. tasya sthaane nirvachita, froyaa naarbone ityasya aarch bishap ermengol ityanena pavitrah abhavat, yah ato ityasya virodham krutavaan yatah wick naarbone ityasya mataadhikaar-diocese aasit. 25 februvari 978 tame dine, pope benedikt VII, froyaa-nagaram prati, naarbone-nagarasya anyaan mataadhikaar-bishap-ityetaan prati preshiteshu bail-yugmeshu, wick-see ityasya sampattih seemaah cha drudeekrutavaan. froyaa ityeshaa, barcelona-prantasya diocese-prantasya cha madhye api, ketaalan-simayam durganam adhigrahanasya nirmanasya cha neetim avalambayat. 987 tame varshe, barcelona-nagarasya kaunt borel-dwiteeyah, mirals-nagarasya simanta-durgasya ardhabhaagam froyaa-ityasmai daanam akarot, yah castellan athavaa vikaar, enek bonfil ityatah nishtaayaah shapatham praptavan, yat catalonia-nagaraat praaptah praacheenatamah jeevitah likhita-shapathah aasit. froyaa ityeshaa barcelona-prantasya diocese-madhye laes-espasses, esparegueraa, faant-rubie ityetaani durgaani api praaptavatee. saha montbooy tathaa toos ityatra durganam nirmaanaay api prayatat. 992 athavaa 993 tame varshe bishap-virodhee-matasya samarthaken ekaa gutadwara froyaa ityasya hatyaa krutaa. tasya uttaraadhikaari arnalf abhavat.

froya (vikkin bishab) froya (allathu fruya, allathu iranthaar 992 × 93) 957 muthal wick cathetraline oru niyamanamaagavum, 972 muthal pishappaakavum irunthaar. avarathu munnoadi, adoo, arcibiscopal anthasthukku uyarththa muyarchitthaar, aanaal avarathu ethirigalaal padukolai seiyappattaar. avarukku pathilaaka thernthedukkappatta froyavai norban paeraayar ermangol punithappaduththinaar, avar attovai ethirththaar, aenenil wick norban oru vaakkurimaiyulla maraimaavattamaaka irunthaar. pipravari 25,1978 andru, poap penetict VII, froyaavirkum norban mattra vaakkurimaip paeraayarkalukkum anuppapatta oru jody kaalaigalil vikkin udaimaigal mattrum ellaikalai uruthippaduthinaar. parcelona kavundi mattrum maraimaavattaththirkul kooda, cadalon ellaiyil aranmanaigalaip peruvatharkum kattuvatharkum froia oru kolgaiyaip pinpattrinaar. 987 aam aandil, parcelonavin count porel II miraalgalin ellai koattaiyin paathiyai froyavukku nankodaiyaaga valangkinaar, avar castellan allathu vigaaridamirunthu visuvaasaththin uruthimozhiyaip pettraar, enech banfill cataloniavilirunthu enjchiyirukkum aarambagaala ezhuththuppoorva uruthimozhi. parcelona maraimaavattaththil ulla less espaces, espereguera mattrum phond-roobie aagiyavattrin aranmanaigalaiyum froia pettrathu. avar maandpui mattrum toose aagiya idangkalil aranmanaigalaik katta muyantraar. froia 992 allathu 993 aam aandil oru paeraayarukku ethiraana oru privaal padukolai seiyappattaar. avarukkup piragu arnalp aatchikku vanthaar.

fria (bishop off wick) froya (ledhaa fruya, ledhaa; 992x93 maraninchaadu) 957 nundi wick cathedral yokka connon mariyu 972 nundi bishop. athani puurveekudu, atoe, archipiscopal hodaaku penchadaaniki prayatninchaadu, conny athani pratyarthulachae hatya cheyabaddaadu. athani sthaanamlo ennikaina froyanu norbone yokka arch bishop ermengol pavitram chesaaru, athanu autonu vyatirekinchaadu endukante wick norbone yokka safragan dioces. 25 fibravari 978naa, pope benedict VII, froyaku mariyu norban yokka itara safragan bishaplaku pampina oka jatha eddulalo wick yokka aastulu mariyu sarihaddulanu dhruvikarinchaadu. barcelona county mariyu dioceslo kooda catalan sarihaddu venta kotalanu sampaadinchi, nirminche vidhananni fria anusarinchindi. anusarinchindi, barcelonaku chendina count borrell II mirals yokka sarihaddu kotalo sagam bhaganni froyaku viraalamgaa icchaadu, athanu castellan ledhaa vikar, enneck bonafil nundi viswasaneeyata yokka pramaanaanni teesukunnaduh catalonia nundi migili unna mottamodati vraatapuurvaka pramaanamu. froia barcelona dioceslo less espasses, espareguera mariyu font-rubi kotalu kooda sampaadinchindi. athanu montbui mariyu toose vadda kotalanu nirminchadaaniki kooda prayatninchaadu. 992 ledhaa ledhaa oka anty-bishop kuu maddatu ichhe oka vargam dwara froya hatya cheyabadindi. ayana taruvaata arnalf vijayam saadhinchaadu.

faroya (veek kay bashp) faroya (yaa faroya yaa vovo wafaat 992 × 93) 957 say wak kay girja gahar kaa eek cannon thaa aur 972 say bashp thaa. iss kay paishro attoo nay wak kuu aarki epscopal kaa darjah deenay kii koshish kii leakin iss kay mukhalifen nay asay qatal kirr diyaa. iss kii jagah leenay kay liye muntakhib kiyaa gayaa faroya kuu narbon kay aarch bashp airmingol nay muqadas kiyaa jinhon nay attoo kii mukhalifat kii thee keunkah wak narbon kaa eek wokiran ddaisis thaa. 25 faroori 978 cow pope benedect VII nay faroya aur narbon kay dosray wokiran bashp kuu bhejay gayey bailon kay joday mein wak kay dekhnay kay maal aur sarhadon kii tasdiq kii. foya nay ketlan kii sarhad kay saath qalaon kay hasool aur tameer kii palisi parr amal kiyaa yahaan takk kahh barsalona kii county aur ddaisis kay andar bhee. 987 mein barsalona kay count boril dom nay mirals kay sarhadi qalye kaa aadha hasah faroya kuu atiyah kiyaa jiss nay castilin yaa weaker ainak bonfal say wafadari kii qasm nikali: catalonia say sabb say qadeem zindah bach jaanay waali tehriri qasm. foya nay barsalona kay ddaisis mein lees espaces espergregira aur font ruby kay qalye bhee haasil kirr liye. iss nay montboi aur toas mein qalye bananay kii bhee koshish kii. faraiyah kuu 992 yaa 993 mein eek mukhalif bashp kii himayat karnay waalay dhaday nay qatal kirr diyaa thaa. iss kay baad arnalf nay kamiyabi haasil kii.

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Katcheri

Katcheri A kacheri is an assembly of musicians and audience in the context of Carnatic music. It is presented in the concert format. The music fraternity of connoisseurs and common people assemble at the katcheri venues to listen to classical music concerts of vidwans. Etymologically the word "katcheri" is derived from Urdu language and in Hindi to mean a court of law. Vocalist Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar (1890–1967) established the modern "kacheri" (concert) traditions in Carnatic music. Among the women artists, M.L. Vasanthakumari and D.K. Pattammal pioneered the promotion of kutcheri culture. Among the most notable vocalists the first woman artist to receive the highest civilian award of Bharat Ratna in 1998 was M. S. Subbulakshmi (1916–2004); who had started her career with her very first katcheri given when she was just 15 years old. It was a big hit among audience and music critics. History. The word "katcheri" used in the context of Karnatik music concert has its origin also as the Hindi language word "kachehri". Its adoption to connote the Karnatik music is traced to its initial meaning as a court, a government office where people gather. During the Maratha rule (1670–1800) in Tanjavur of present-day Tamil Nadu, it was probably adopted in the lexicon of Karnatik music, as, during this period, it was the durbar of the king. It was not a separate or remote place, but a hall, a venue where people were given an audience by the king to dispense with matters of the state. It also happened to be the place where people from all walks of life presented their "aspirations and concerns" before the king. It was at this place that musicians presented their musical achievements before the kings. It is this commonality of events at the same venue as the court or durbar that the Karnatik musical soirees presented by musicians of repute came to be termed as the Kutcheri. This, over the last more than a century, has not only literally known to represent a venue but also signifies a select gathering connoting the cultural significance of Karnatik music. This is the origin of concept of musical concerts which has dominated the music scenario of southern India. Format. The modern format for the katcheri conceived by Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar in the 1930s with a rich blend of traditional Carnatic music rendered by the past masters, particularly the Trinity of Carnatic music of Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri, was best suited to the wide and varied gamut of audience tastes; the aim was to make it just long enough to sustain the interest of the public in Carnatic Music. The repertoire was conceived taking into view the musical adaptations in theater and drama. The choice of the vocalist with a pliant voice and repertoire of songs that would attract the attention of the audience for long hours of the concert was considered essential. The katcheri also catered to the need of commercial entertainment and aesthetics. The duration of katcheri was prescribed by the Musical Academy of Madras to 3 hours. The concert starts with a varnam, a form perfected by musicians of yore as it created a relaxed atmosphere to the vocalist leading to a wide spectrum of musical compositions. This is followed by many kritis (musical compositions) and ragas (melodies). This sequence riveted the mood of the audience and enabled the performer to go through the performance with elan. The classical songs are preambled by an extended elaboration of melody called the alapana with balanced rhythm topped by pallavi (thematic lines of the song). The concert is concluded with rendering of padam (a musical composition), javali, and songs with national themes which would hold the attention and appreciation of the audience. A katcheri of Carnatic music is generally of vocal music. The ambiance at a katcheri is "restrained and dignified" whereas in the case of the "mehfil" which represents concert format of the Hindustani music there is "characteristic abandon". In this format the katcheris have attracted highly talented musicians in recent times and involved hundreds of musicians in the genre of vocal music, vainikas, instrumentalists playing violin, flute and so forth. In the katcheri music format, songs are rendered in a medium and fast tempo. This compared to the Hindustani Concert, which is in a slow and very slow tempo, takes about half the time in rendering. However, the 'katcheri' performance held a part of wedding receptions held in the presence of connoisseurs of music gives musicians opportunity present their musical repertoire and adaptation skills of compositions and erudite knowledge of music. The songs rendered in such katcheris highlight a particular raga duly informing the audience the nature of the melody which has a set of lines sung in a fixed rhythmic cycle. In such rendering each line of the song the refrain is rendered in different rhythmic styles with due adherence to the "metric structure of the set cycle". The theme of the songs covers many subjects. Also, during the katcheris, a game known as "kanakari" is played in which challenges are posed to the audience with a clue to decipher an item concealed within a song. Another challenge posed is by rendering ten ragas or melodies symbolizing the ten directions which the audience are asked to identify and state which raga represents which direction. This highlights the musical skill of the musician and for this he is rewarded. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

katcheri kaseri hoise kornatoki xongitor xondorbhot xongitogyo aaru dorxokor ek xomabex. iyak concert formatot uposthapon koraa hoy. progyabid aaru xadharon manuhor xongit xomproday kaseri sthanot bitowanxokolor xastriyo xongit onusthan xuniboloi ekotrito hoy. byutpotigotobhabe "katcheri" xobdotu urdu bhaxar poraa aarombho hoise aaru hindi bhaxat iyar ortho hoise aadalot. konthoxilpi ariyakudi ramanuja ayengare (1890-1967) kornatoki xongitot aadhunik "kaseri" (xongitanusthan) porompora protistha korisil. mohila xilpixokolor bhitorot, em.el. boxontokumari aaru di.key. pottammole kucheri xongoskritir prosaror poth prodorxok aasil. ataitkoi ullekhjugyo konthoxilpixokolor bhitorot 1998 sonot bharot rotnor xorbuscho oxamorik botaa laabh koraa prothomgoraki mohila xilpi aasil em. ess. xubbolokhmi (1916-2004); jiye maatro 15 bosor boyoxot diya prothom katcherire teur keriyar aarombho korisil. dorxok aaru xongit xomalusokxokolor maajot ee ek brihot hitt aasil. itihax. kornatik xongit onusthanor xondorbhot byobohrito "kaseri" xobdotur utpotti hindi bhaxar xobdo "kaseri" hisapeu hoise. kornatik xongitor ortho bujaboloi iyak grohon korar ortho hoise rajxobha, ek sorkari karzaloy zo 'too manuhe ekotrito hoy. bortomanor tamilnadur tanjabhurot maratha xaxonor xomoyot (1670-1800), iyak xombhobotoh kornatik xongitor obhidhanot grohon koraa hoisil, kiyonu ei xomoisuwat ee rojar dorbar aasil. ee prithok baa duroborti thaai nasil, kintu ekhon holl aasil, ene ek sthan zo 'too rojai rajyokhonor bixoibur bitoron koriboloi manuhok dorxok disil. ee ene ek sthan aasil zo 'too jiwanor xokolu porzayor manuhe rojar xonmukhot teulukor "akangkhya aaru udweg" uposthapon korisil. ei thaite xongitogyoxokole rojaxokolor xonmukhot teulukor xongitor krititwo uposthapon korisil. dorbar baa dorbaror dore eke sthanot onusthito huwa onusthanxomuhor ei xadrisyor baabei prokhyat xongitogyoxokole prodorxon koraa kornatik xongit suriburok kucheri buli kuwa hoisil. eituwe, juwa ek xotikatkoiu odhik xomoy dhori, kewol akhyorikbhabe etaa sthanok protinidhitwo korar baabei jonajat nohoy, kornatik xongitor xangoskritik gurutwo bujai nirbasito xomawexoku xusay. eituwei hoise dokhyin bharotor xongit poriwexot aadhipotyo bistar koraa xongitanusthanor dharonar utpotti. formate. 1930-ror doxokot ariyakudi ramanuja aayengore kolpona koraa katcherir aadhunik formatetu otitor guruxokole prodan koraa poromporagot kornatoki xongitor ek xomridho misronor xoite, bixexkoi tyagoraj, muttuswamy dikhyitor aaru shyam xastrir kornatoki xongitor tritwo dorxokor bistrito aaru boisitryomoy swador baabe ataitkoi upojukto aasil; uddesyo aasil kornatoki xongitor proti jonoxadharonor aagroh bojai rakhiboloi iyak jothesto digholiya kori tulaa. theater aaru natokor xongit obhijujonxomuhor proti lokhyo raakhi ei repurator kolpona koraa hoisil. xongitanusthanor digholiya xomoyor baabe dorxokor dristi aakorxon koribo poraa ek nomoniyo konthoswor aaru gitor vandaror xoite gayokor basoni otyawosyokiyo buli gonyo koraa hoisil. katcheriye banijyik monuronjon aaru nandonikotar proyujoniyotau puron korisil. madrasor xongit academye kaserir xomoikal 3 ghontar baabe nirdharon korisil. xongitanusthantu etaa bornomor xoite aarombho hoy, ji hoise puroni xongitogyoxokolor dwara nikhut ek rup, kiyonu ee gayokjonor baabe ek xithil poriwexor sristi korisil jaar folot xongit rosonar ek bistrito porixor sristi hoisil. iyar pisot bohutu kriti (xongit rosona) aaru raag (xur) hoy. ei drishyoi dorxokor mejaz aakorxito korisil aaru prodorxokok aanondore prodorxonor maajere jaboloi xokhyom korisil. xastriyo gitbur pollowi (gittur bixoygot xaari) ror xirxot xontulito sondor xoite alapon naamor xuror ek xomproxarito bixod biboronor dwara prostut koraa hoy. podmo (etaa xongit rosona), jawoli, aaru rastriyo bixoybostur xoite geet prostut kori xongitanusthantu xomapto koraa hoy jiye dorxokor monujug aaru proxongxa dhoribo. kornatoki xongitor etaa kaseri xadharonote kontho xongitor hoy. kaserir poriwex "xongzot aaru morjyadapurno" hoy aanhate hindustani xongitor concert formatok protinidhitwo koraa "mehfil" ror khetrot "boixistyopurno porityag" hoy. ei formatot katcherixokole xehotiya xomoyot otyonto protibhaxali xongitogyoxokolok aakorxito korise aaru kontho xongitor dharar xo xo xongitogyo, wartika, badyojontro baadok behala, baahi ityadi bojuwar xoite jorito hoi aase. kaseri xongitor binyaxot, gitbur modhyomiya aaru drut gotire prodorxon koraa hoy. eitu hindusthani xongitanusthanor tulnat, jitu monthor aaru oti monthor gotir, render korat pray aadha xomoy loy. obosye, xongitor progyabanxokolor uposthitit onusthito bibahor obhyorthonar ek ongxo hisape onusthito 'kaseri "prodorxone xongitogyoxokolok teulukor xongitor bhandar aaru rosonar obhijujon dokhyota aaru xongitor pandityopurno gyan uposthapon korar xujug diye. ene kaseri gitburot prodorxito gitbure etaa nirdisto raagor uporot alukpat kore ji dorxokxokolok xuror prokritir bixoye xothikbhabe obogoto kore zo 'too ek nirdisto sondomoy sokrot guwa xarir etaa set thaake. gittur protitu xarir ene renderot "nirdharito sokror metrik gathoni" onuxoron kori bibhinno sondomoy xoilit render koraa hoy. gitburor bixoybostuwe bohutu bixoy xamori loiche. logote, kaserir xomoyot, "kanakari" naamere jonajat etaa khel khelaa hoy zo 'too etaa gitor bhitorot lukai rokha etaa bostur ortho bujiboloi etaa xutror xoite dorxokor aagot proityahban utthapon koraa hoy. aan etaa proityahban hoh "lo dohta raag baa xur prodorxon kori dohta dixor protik hisape dorxokxokolok kuntu raage kuntu dix protinidhitwo kore xeitu sinakto koriboloi aaru koo" boloi kuwa hoy. ee xongitogyojonor xongitor dokhyotak alukpat kore aaru iyar baabe teuk puroskar diya hoy.

kachedi kacher holl kornatik sangiter prekkhapote sangitagya ebong dorshokder ekti samabesh. etty concerter akare uposthapito hoy. bidwander shastriya sangeet anusthan shonara jonno katcherry sthangulite sangitagya ebong sadharan manusher bhratritto ekotrito hoy. byutpottigotobhabe "kachedi" shobdoti urdu bhasha theke ebong hindite aainer adalat theke udbhuto hoyeche. gayak ariakudi ramanuja ayengar (1890-1967) kornatik sangeete adhunik "kacheri" (concert) oitijhyo protistha korechilen. mohila shilpider modhye, emm.ell. basantakumari ebong dii.keey. pattammal kucheri sangaskritir procharer pothprodorshok chhilen. sabcheye ullekhjoggo kanthashilpider modhye prothom mohila shilpi jini 1998 saale bharat ratna sorbochcho asamarik puraskar peyechilen tini chhilen emm. esha. subbalakshi (1916-2004); jini matro 15 bochor boyse taanr prothom kacherir madhyome taanr karmajiban shuru korechilen. etty dorshok ebong sangeet somalochokder modhye ekti borh hitt chhilo. itihas. karnataki sangitanusthaner prosonge byabohrito "kachedi" shobdotir utpotti hindi bhasar shobdo "kachehri" thekeo hoyeche. carnatic sangitke bojhate err grohon ekti adalat hisabe err prathomik ortho, ekti sarkari offices jekhane lokera joro hoy. bortoman tamilnadur tanjabhur maratha shasonamole (1670-1800), etty sombhoboto kornatok sangiter abhidhane grihito hoyechilo, kaaron eyi somoye etty rajar darbar chhilo. etty konao prithak baa prottonto sthan chhilo naa, borong ekti holl chhilo, emon ekti sthan jekhane rajyo sangkranta vishayguli tuley dhorar jonno raja manushke dorshok diten. etty emon ekti sthan jekhane samajer sorbostorer manush rajar saamone taader "akangkha oo udweg" uposthapon koroto. eyi jaigatei sangitshilpira rajader saamone taader sangiter krititto uposthapon korechilen. darbar baa dorbarer moto ekoi sthane anusthaner eyi sadharonota thekei khyatiman sangitagyader dwara uposthapito karnataki sangiter surgulike kucheri bolla hoy. goto eka shatabdiro beshi somoy dhorey etty cable akkhorik orthe ekti sthaner protinidhitto korar jonno porichito noy, etty kornatok sangiter sangoskritik tatporjoke bojhai emon ekti nirbachito samabeshkeo bojhai. ate sangitanusthaner dharonar utso jaa dakkhin bharoter sangeet drishyopotke probhabito koreche. format. 1930-err doshke ariakudi ramanuz ayengar dwara porikolpito kacherir adhunik binnasti, biseshoto tyagaraj, muttuswamy dikkhitar ebong shyama shastrir kornatik sangiter trayi, jaa atito guruder dwara poribeshito oitijjobahi kornatik sangiter samriddha mishraner saathe dorshokder bistrito ebong boichitromoy swader jonno sabcheye upojukto chhilo; lakkhya chhilo kornatik sangeete jonosadharoner agroho bojay rakhar jonno etike jotheshto dirghotoro koraa. theater ebong natke sangeet abhijojonke bibechonai niye eyi prodorshonir bhandarti toiri koraa hoyechilo. sangitanusthaner deergho somoy dhorey dorshokder drishti akarshan korbe emon ekti namanian kanthaswar ebong gaaner sangraha soho gayoker pochondoke aporiharjo boley money koraa hoto. kacherite banijyik binodan ebong nandonikotar prayojaniyatao puron koraa hoto. madrasar musical academy kacherir samaykal nirdharan korechilo 3 ghanta. sangitanusthanti ekti bornom diye shuru hoy, jaa prachin sangitagyader dwara nikhunt ekti roop kaaron etty gayakder jonno ekti aramdayak poribesh toiri korey jaa sangeet rachonar bistrito bornalir dike porichalito korey. err porey aase onek kriti (sangeet rachona) ebong raag (soor). eyi drishyoti dorshokder mejazke uttejito korechilo ebong abhinayshilpike ullaser saathe poribeshoner modhyo diye jete sokkhom korechilo. dhrupadi ganguli alapon naame surer ekti bordhito bishad biboron dwara uposthapito hoy jaar shirshe royeche pallavi (gaaner thematic line). sangitanusthanti padam (ekti sangeet rachona), javali ebong jatiya thim soho gaan poribeshoner madhyome shesh hoy jaa dorshokder monojog ebong proshongsha dhorey rakhbe. kornatik sangiter ekti kacherir sadharonoto kontho sangeet hoy. kacherir poribesh "songjoto ebong morjadapurno" jekhane "mehfil"-err khettre jaa hindustani sangiter concerter binnaske uposthapon korey sekhane "baisishtagata porityag" royeche. eyi binnase kacherira samprotik somoye atyanta protibhaban sangitshilpider akrishto koreche ebong kontho sangiter gharanar shoto shoto sangitagya, byarthika, behala, banshi bajano jontroshilpider jorito koreche. kacherir sangeet binnase, ganguli majhari ebong druto gotite poribeshito hoy. etty hindustani concerter tulna, jaa dheer ebong khub dheer gotite hoy, uposthapone pray ardhek somoy neyo. tobey, sangiter obhiggoder uposthitite onusthito bibaher abhyarthanar ekti ongsho 'kacherir' anusthanti sangitshilpider taader sangiter sangrahasthal ebong rachonar abhijojon dokkhota ebong sangiter pandityapurna gyan uposthapon korar sujog deyo. eyi dharaner kacherite poribeshito ganguli ekti nirdishto ragke tuley dhorey jaa shrotader surer prokriti somporke jothajothobhabe abohito korey jaar ekti nirdishto chhandamay chokre gaoa liner seeta royeche. eibhabe gaaner protiti lineke "nirdishto chokrer metrika kathamo" jothajothobhabe meney bivinno chhandamay shoilite uposthapon koraa hoy. gaaner visayavastu onek vishayake antarbhukta korey. echhadao, kacherir somoy, "kanakari" naame porichito ekti khela khela hoy jekhane ekti gaaner modhye lukiye thaka ekti jinis bojhar jonno ekti sootro soho dorshokder kachhe challenge uposthapon koraa hoy. arekti challenge holl dashti raag baa soor jaa dashti diker protik, jaa dorshokder sonakto korte ebong bolte bolla hoy jey coone raag coone diker protinidhitto korey. etty sangitagger sangeet dokkhotake tuley dhorey ebong err jonno taake puroskrito koraa hoy.

kachchhiri kachheri aee karnatak sangeetnaa sandarbhma sangeetkaaro aneey prekshakoni sabhaa chhe. teey sangeet kaarykramna swarupma rajoo karvaamaa aave chhe. vidhyano aneey saamanya lokonee sangeet biradari, vidhyanona shaastriy sangeet jalsaao sambhalva maate kachheri sthaloae bhegaa thaay chhe. vyutpattishastrama "kachchhiri" shabd urdu bhaasha parthee aavyo chhe aneey hindimaa teno arth kaayadaani adalat thaay chhe. gaayak eriyakudi ramanuja ayangar (1890-1967) aee karnatak sangeetma aadhunik "kachheri" (sangeet jalsa) paramparaoni sthaapnaa curry hatee. maheela kalakaroma, aema.aela. vasantkumari aneey dii.keey. pattammale kachcheri sanskrutine protsaahan aapvani pahel curry hatee. sauthee nondhpaatra gaayakoma gaayakoma bhaarat ratnano sarvoch nagrik puraskar melavnaar pratham maheela kalakar aema. aesa. subbulakshmi (1916-2004); jemane maatra 15 varshnee ummare aapvama aaveli temnee pratham kutchhirithi temnee karkidrini sharuaat curry hatee. teey prexako aneey sangeet vivechakomaa motee hita hatee. itihas. karnatak sangeet kaarykramna sandarbhma vaparaato "kachchhiri" shabd hindi bhashana shabd "kachhehari" tareeke pann udbhavyo chhe. carnatic sangeetne soochit karvaa maate teno sweekaar tenaa praarambhik arthamaa aek darbaar tareeke jovaa maley chhe, aek sarkari kaaryalay jyaan loko bhegaa thaay chhe. haalnaa tamilnaadunaa tanjavurma maraatha shaasan (1670-1800) darmiyan, teey kadaach karnatak sangeetnaa shabdkoshma apnavvama aavyu hatoo, kaaran keey, aaa samaygaalaa darmiyan, teey raajaanu darbaar hatoo. teey aek alag athavaa durnaa sthal naa hatoo, parantu aek holl, aek aevu sthal hatoo jyaan lokone raajyani baabtone ukelavaa maate raajaa dwara prexako aapvama aavtaa hataa. aaa teey sthal pann hatoo jyaan jeevannaa tamaam kshetrona lokoae raajaa samaksh temnee "aakankshao aneey chintaao" rajoo curry hatee. aaa teey sthal hatoo jyaan sangitkaaroae raajaao samaksh temnee sangeet seeddhio rajoo curry hatee. darbaar athavaa darbaar jevaa jaj sthale yojaati ghatanaaoni aaa samaantaa jaj chhe keey pratishthit sangeetkaaro dwara prastut karaayel carnatic sangeetmay soirione kucheri tareeke odakhvaamaa aave chhe. aaa, chhella aek sadithi vadhu samaythi, maatra shaabdik reete sthalnu pratinidhitva karvaa maate jaj jaanitu nathee, parantu teey karnatak sangeetnaa saanskrutik mahatvane soochit kartaa pasandaginaa melaavadaane pann soochave chhe. aaa sangeet jalsaona khyaalnu mool chhe jene dakshin bhaaratnaa sangeetnaa drashyamaa prabhutva jamaavyu chhe. swaroop. swaroop daykama ariyakudi ramanuj ayangar dwara kalpanaa karaayel kachchereenu aadhunik swaroop, jemaa bhutkaalnaa guruo dwara prastut paramparagat karnatak sangeetnu samruddh mishran hatoo, khaas kareene tyagraj, muttuswamy dikshitar aneey shyaama shaastrini karnatak sangeetni trimurthy, prekshakoni viveedh abhiruchi maate shreshth reete anookool hatee; teno udesh tene karnatak sangeetma lokonee ruchee jaalvi raakhvaa maate purato laambo samay banaavvaano hato. rangbhumi aneey natakma sangeetnaa rupaantaranone dhyanma rakheene aaa pradarshanni kalpanaa karvaamaa aavee hatee. sangeet kaarykramna laambaa kalaako sudhee prexakonu dhyaan aakarshit kartaa geetoni bhavyata aneey naram avaaj saathe gaayaknee pasandageene aavashyak manvama aavtee hatee. aaa kachherima vyaavsaayik manoranjan aneey saundarya shaastrani jaruriyaat pann puurii karvaamaa aavee hatee. madaresni sangeet akaadmee dwara kachcherino samaygaalo 3 kalaak nakki karvaamaa aavyo hato. sangeet kaarykramni sharuaat varnamthi thaay chhe, jeey junaa samaynaa sangeetkaaro dwara paripurn swaroop chhe kaaran keey teey gaayak maate aek aaramdayak vatavaran banaave chhe jeey sangeet rachnaaonaa vishaal varnapat taraf doree jaay chhe. aaa pachhi ghanee kruteeo (sangeet rachnaao) aneey raag (dhoon) aave chhe. aaa krama prekshakona moodne uttejit karato hato aneey kalaakaarne utsaah saathe pradarshanmathi pasaar thavaa saksham banaavto hato. shaastriy geetoni sharuaat pallavi (geetnee vishhaygat rekhaao) dwara toach parr santulit lya saathe aalapna tareeke odakhaata raagnaa vistrut vistaran dwara karvaamaa aave chhe. sangeet kaarykramnu samaapan padam (aek sangeet rachnaa), jawali aneey raashtriy vishhayo saathe gitonaa prastuti saathe thaay chhe jeey prexakonu dhyaan aneey prashansa jaalvi rakhshe. karnataki sangeetni kachchhiri saamanya reete gaayak sangeetni hoya chhe. kachherima vatavaran "sanyameet aneey pratishthit" hoya chhe jyaare "mahfil" naa kissaamaa jeey hindustaanee sangeetnaa sangeet kaarykramna swaroopne rajoo karey chhe tyaan "lakshaneek tyaag" hoya chhe. aaa swarupma kachchherioae taajetarnaa samayma atyant pratibhashali sangitkaarone aakarshya chhe aneey temaa gaayak sangeet, viewrtica, violine, vaansali vagaadtaa vadhyvadhyo vagereni shaileena senkado sangitkaarone saamel karyaa chhe. kachchhiri sangeet swarupma, geeto madhyam aneey zadpi gateeae prastut karvaamaa aave chhe. aaa hindusthaani sangeet kaarykramni sarkhaamanimaa chhe, jeey dheemee aneey khoob jaj dheemee gateeae hoya chhe, jeey prastut karvaamaa lagbhag adadho samay leey chhe. jooe keey, sangeetnaa paarkhioni hajarima yojaata lagnana swaagat samarambhno aek bhaag 'kachchhiri' pradarshan sangitkaarone temnee sangeetni bhavyata aneey rachanaaoni anukoolan kushalataa aneey sangeetnu vidhvatapurn gyaan rajoo karvaanee taka aape chhe. aavee kachereeomaa prastut geeto chokkas raagne prakashit karey chhe jeey prekshakone nishchit laybaddh chakramaa gavaayelee panktiono samooh dharaavati madhurtaani prakrutine yogya reete jaana karey chhe. geetnee darek panktine aaa reete prastut karvaamaa, "samooh chakrana metrika maalkhaa" noon yogya paalan kareene viveedh laybaddh shailioma prastut karvaamaa aave chhe. geetoni theem ghanaa vishhayone aavari leey chhe. upraant, kacheree darmiyan, "kankari" tareeke odakhaati ramat ramaay chhe jemaa gitamaa chhupayeli vastune samjavaa maate sanket saathe prexako saame padkaaro rajoo karvaamaa aave chhe. anya aek padkaar aee chhe keey dass dishaaonu prateek dass raag athavaa dhoon prastut karvee, jene darshakone odakhvaa aneey janavva maate kahevama aave chhe keey kayo raag kaee dishaanu pratinidhitva karey chhe. aaa sangitkaarni sangeet kaushalyane prakashit karey chhe aneey aaa maate tene puraskar aapvama aave chhe.

kachchiri karnatak sangeet key sandarbh mein sangeetkaron aur darshakon kii ack sabhaa kachheri haye. ise sangeet karyakram key praarup mein prastut kiya jaataa haye. parkhi aur aam logon kii sangeet biradari kachchi sthaanon parr vidvaanon key shaastriya sangeet samarohon koo sunane key liye ikattha hoti haye. vyutpatti key anusaar "kachchi" shabd urdu bhasha seey liya gayaa haye aur hindi mein iska arth haye kaanoon kaa nyayalaya. gaayak ariyakudi ramanuja ayyangar (1890-1967) ney karnatak sangeet mein aadhunik "kachheri" (sangeet karyakram) paramparaon kii sthaapana kii. mahila kalakaron key beach, aim.ell. vasantkumari aur dee.key. pattammal ney kucheri sanskriti koo badhaava dene kaa beedaa uthaaya. sabse ullekhaniya gayakon mein 1998 mein bhaarat ratna kaa sarvocch nagrik puraskar praapt karane vaali pahali mahila kalakar aim thee. aiss. subbulakshmi (1916-2004); jinhone apane currier kii shuruat apani pahali kachchi key saath kii thee jaba way sirf 15 saal kii theen. yeh darshakon aur sangeet alochakon key beach ack badee hitt thee. itihas. carnatic sangeet karyakram key sandarbh mein upayog kiye jaane vaale "kachchiri" shabd kii utpatti hindi bhasha key shabd "kachhehari" key roop mein bhee hui haye. carnatic sangeet koo ingit karane key liye ise apnana ack adalat key roop mein isake praarambhik arth seey pataa chalata haye, ack sarkari karyalaya jahaan loga ikattha hotey hain. vartamaan tamilanadu key tanjavur mein maratha shasson (1670-1800) key dauran, ise shayed carnatic sangeet key shabdakosh mein apanaaya gayaa thaa, kyonki iss avadhi key dauran, yeh raajaa kaa darbar thaa. yeh ack alag yaa doorasth sthaan naheen thaa, balki ack holl thaa, ack aisaa sthaan jahan logon koo raajya key mamalon koo samaapt karane key liye raajaa dwara darshakon koo diyaa jaataa thaa. yeh vaha sthaan bhee thaa jahan jeevan key sabhi kshetron key logon ney raajaa key saamane apani "aakaankshaon aur chintaon" koo prastut kiya. yeh vaha sthaan thaa jahan sangeetkaron ney raajaon key saamane apani sangeet uplabdhiyon koo prastut kiya. yeh usee sthaan parr honey vaale karyakramon kii samaantaa haye jahan darbar yaa darbar hotaa haye aur pratishthit sangeetkaron dwara prastut kiye jaane vaale carnatic sangeetmay shohariyon koo kucheri kahaa jaataa haye. yeh, ack sadee seey bhee adhik samay seey, naa kewal ack sthal kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye, balki carnatic sangeet key saanskritik mahatva koo darshaane vaale ack chuninda sabhaa kaa bhee sanket detaa haye. yeh sangeet samarohon kii avadharana kii utpatti haye joe dakshin bhaarat key sangeet paridrishya parr haavi haye. praarup. 1930 key dashak mein ariyakudi ramanuj ayangar dwara parikalpit paaramparik karnatak sangeet key samriddh mishran key saath katcheri key liye aadhunik praarup, vishesh roop seey tyagraj, muttuswamy deekshit aur shyama shastri key karnatak sangeet kii trimurti, darshakon key swaad key vyaapak aur vividh sargam key liye sabse upayukt thaa; iska uddeshya ise karnatak sangeet mein janata kii ruchi koo banaae rakhane key liye paryaapt lamba banaana thaa. rangmanch aur naatak mein sangeet anukoolan koo dhyaan mein rakhate hue pradarshanon kii soochi kii kalpana kii gaee thee. sangeet karyakram key lambe ghanton taka darshakon kaa dhyaan aakarshit karane vaale geeton kii ack layabaddh aavaaj aur pradarshan key saath gaayak kaa chayan aavashyak maanaa jaataa thaa. kachheri ney vaanijyik manoranjan aur saundaryashastra kii aavashyakta koo bhee puuraa kiya. kachchiri kii avadhi madras kii sangeet akadami dwara 3 ghante key liye nirdhaarit kii gaee thee. sangeet karyakram ack varnam key saath shuru hotaa haye, joe ack aisaa roop haye jise puraane sangeetkaron dwara paripurna kiya gayaa thaa kyonki isane gaayak key liye ack aramdayak vatavaran banaaya thaa jisase sangeet rachanaon kaa ack vistrit spectrum bunn gayaa thaa. isake baad kaee kritiyaan (sangeet rachanaaen) aur raag (dhunein) aatey hain. iss anukram ney darshakon key mood koo prabhaavit kiya aur kalakar koo utsaah key saath pradarshan key madhyam seey jaane mein saksham banaaya. shaastriya geeton koo pallavi (geet kii vishayagat panktiyaan) dwara sheersh parr santulit lay key saath alaap naamak dhuna key ack vistaarit vistaar dwara prastut kiya jaataa haye. sangeet karyakram kaa samaapan padam (ack sangeet rachana), jawali aur rashtriya vishayon key saath geeton key pratipaadan key saath kiya jaataa haye joe darshakon kaa dhyaan aur sarahana koo aakarshit karenge. karnatak sangeet kii ack katari aam taur parr mukhar sangeet kii hoti haye. ack kachheri mein mahaul "sanyamit aur garimapurna" hotaa haye jabaki "mehfil" key mamle mein joe hindustani sangeet key sangeet karyakram praarup kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye, vahaan "vishisht parityag" hotaa haye. iss praarup mein katcheriyon ney haal key dinon mein atyadhik pratibhashali sangeetkaron koo aakarshit kiya haye aur isamen swar sangeet, vyarth, violine, bansuri bajaane vaale vadyayantravadiyon aadi kii shally mein saikadon sangeetkaar shamil hain. kachchi sangeet praarup mein, geeton koo madhyam aur tej gati mein prastut kiya jaataa haye. yeh hindustani sangeet karyakram kii tulanaa mein haye, joe ack dheemi aur bahut dheemi gati mein haye, prastut karane mein lagbhag aadhaa samay lagata haye. haalaanki, sangeet key parkhi logon kii upasthiti mein aayojit vivaah samaroh kaa ack hissa 'kachchi' pradarshan sangeetkaron koo apane sangeet pradarshan aur rachanaon key anukoolan kaushal aur sangeet key vidvatapurna gyaan koo prastut karane kaa avsar detaa haye. iss tarah key kachheriyon mein prastut kiye gaye geet ack vishesh raag koo darshaate hain joe darshakon koo dhuna kii prakriti kii vidhivat jaankaari detaa haye jisamen ack nishchit layabaddh chakr mein gaaee jaane vaali panktiyon kaa ack samooh hotaa haye. iss tarah key pratipaadan mein geet kii pratyek pankti mein "nirdhaarit chakr kii metrick sanrachana" key paalan key saath alag-alag layabaddh shailiyon mein prastut kiya jaataa haye. geeton kaa vishay kaee vishayon koo shamil kartaa haye. saath hii, kachariyon key dauran, "kankari" key roop mein jaanaa jaane vaalaa ack khel khela jaataa haye jisamen darshakon koo ack geet key bheetar chhipi hui vastu koo samajhane key liye ack sanket key saath chunauti dee jaati haye. ack anya chunauti duss raagon yaa dhunon koo prastut karna haye joe duss dishaaon kaa prateek haye jinhen darshakon koo pahchaanane aur yeh bataane key liye kahaa jaataa haye kii kaun saa raag kiss disha kaa pratinidhitva kartaa haye. yeh sangeetkaar key sangeet kaushal koo ujagar kartaa haye aur isake liye usey puraskrit kiya jaataa haye.

kachcheri karnataka sangeetada sandarbhadalli sangeetagaararu mattu prekshakara ondu kootave kachheri. idannu sangeeta kachheri roopadalli prastutapadisalaaguttade. vidvaamsaru mattu saamaanya janara sangeeta bhratrutvavu kacheria stalagalalli vrundaavanagala shaastriya sangeeta kacherigalannu kelalu ottuguduttade. vyutpattiya prakara "kachcheri" emba padavu urdu bhaasheyinda bandide mattu hindiyalli idarartha nyayalaya endaagide. gayaka ariyakudi ramanuja ayyangar (1890-1967) karnataka sangeetadalli aadhunika "kacheri" (sangeeta kacheri) sampradaayagalannu sthaapisidaru. mahila kalaavidaralli, emm.ell. vasantakumari mattu dii.keey. pattammal avaru kachcheri samskrutiya prachaaradalli munchooniyalliddaru. atyanta gamanarha gayakaralli 1998ralli atyunnata nagarika prashastiyaada bhaarata ratnavannu padeda modala mahila kalaavide emm. ess. subbulakshmi (1916-2004); aake kevala 15 varshadavalagiddaga needida tanna modala kachcheriyondige tanna vrattijeevanavannu praarambhisidalu. idu prekshakaru mattu sangeeta vimarshakaralli dodda hitt aagittu. itihaasa. karnataka sangeeta kacheriya sandarbhadalli balasalaaguva "kachcheri" emba padavu hindi bhasheya pada "kachheri" yaya moolavannu hondide. karnataka sangeetavannu soochisalu idannu alavadisikolluvudu adara arambhika arthavannu janaru seruva sarkari kacheriyaada aasthaanavendu gurutisalaagide. indina tamilunaadina tanjavoorinalli marathara aalvikeya (1670-1800) avadhiyalli, idannu bahushah karnataka sangeetada nighantinalli alavadisikollalaayitu, ekendare, ee avadhiyalli, idu rajana darbar aagittu. idu pratyeka athawa doorada sthalavagiralilla, aadare ondu sabhaanganavaagittu, rajyada vishayagalannu pariharisalu rajanu janarige sabhikarannu needida sthalavagittu. idu ellah vargada janaru tamma "aakaankshegalu mattu kaalajigalannu" rajana munde mandisida sthalavoo aagittu. ee sthaladalliye sangeetagaararu tamma sangeeta sadhanegalannu rajara munde prastutapadisidaru. asthaana athawa darbar iruva adhe sthaladalli nadeyuva ghatanegala ee samaanateyindaagi khyaata sangeetagaararu prastutapadisuva karnataka sangeetada soyigalannu kachcheri endu kareyalaayitu. idu, kaleda ondu shatamanakkoo hecchu kaaladinda, ondu sthalavannu pratinidhisuttade endu aksarashah tilidiruvudu matravallade, karnataka sangeetada saamskrutika mahatvavannu soochisuva aayda kootavannu saha soochisuttade. idu daksina bhaaratada sangeeta sanniveshadalli praabalya saadhisiruva sangeeta kacherigala parikalpaneya moolavaagide. svaroopa. 1930rahra dasakadalli ariyakudi ramanuja ayyangar avaru kalpisikondidda kachcheriya aadhunika svaroopavu, hindina gurugalu, visheshavaagi tyagaraja, muttuswamy deekshita mattu shyaamashaastri avara karnataka sangeetada trimoortigala saampradaayika karnataka sangeetada samruddha mishranadondige, prekshakara abhiruchigala vyapaka mattu vaividhyamaya haravugalige suktavagittu; karnataka sangeetadalli saarvajanikara aasaktiyannu ulisikollalu adannu saakashtu deerghavaagisuvudu idara uddeshavaagittu. rangabhoomi mattu natakagalallina sangeeta roopaantaragalannu gamanadallittukondu ee sangrahavannu roopisalaayitu. sangeeta kacheriya deerghaavadhiyavarege prekshakara gamanavannu seleyuvantaha mruduvaada dhwani mattu haadugala sangrahadondige gayakana aaykeyannu atyagatyavendu pariganisalaagittu. kaccheriyu vanijya manaranjane mattu soundaryashaastrada agatyavannu saha pooraisitu. madrasina sangeeta academy kachcheriya avadhiyannu 3 gantegalendu nigadipadisittu. sangeeta kacheriyu varnadondige praarambhavaaguttade, idu hindina sangeetagaararu paripoornagolisida roopavaagiddu, idu gayakarige shaanta vatavaranavannu srushtisi, idu vyapaka shreniya sangeeta samyojanegalige kaaranavaaguttade. idara nantara aneka krutigalu (sangeeta samyojanegalu) mattu ragagalu (madhura) baruttave. ee drashyavu prekshakara manasthitiyannu keralisitu mattu pradarshanakaararige utsaahadinda pradarshanavannu nirvahisalu anuvu maadikottitu. shaastriya haadugalannu pallaviya (haadina vishayaadhaarita saalugalu) mele samatolita layadondige alapa endu kareyalaaguva madhuryada vistruta vistaaradinda munnudi maadalaaguttade. padam (sangeeta samyojane), jawali mattu raashtrada theemgala haadugalannu prastutapadisuva moolaka sangeeta kacheriyu muktaayagolluttade, idu prekshakara gamana mattu mecchugeyannu seleyuttade. karnataka sangeetada ondu kachcheri samanyavagi gayana sangeetadaddaagide. kaccheriyallina vatavaranavu "samyamita mattu gouravaanvita" vagiruttade, aadare hindoostaani sangeetada sangeeta kacheriyannu pratinidhisuva "mehfil" vishayadalli "vishishtavaada tyajisuvike" iruttade. ee svaroopadalli kachcherigalu ittichina dinagalli atyanta pratibhaavanta sangeetagaararannu aakarshisive mattu gayana sangeetada prakaaradalli nooraru sangeetagaararu, vyarthikaru, piteelu, kolalu mattu muntaada vaadyagalannu nudisuva vaadyagaararu idaralli bhagiyagiddare. kachcheri sangeetada roopadalli, haadugalannu madhyama mattu vegada gatiyalli prastutapadisalaaguttade. idu nidhana mattu atyanta nidhaanagatiyalliruva hindoostaani sangeeta kacherige holisidare, prastutiyalli ardhadashtu samayavannu tegedukolluttade. aadaagyoo, sangeetada paarangatara sammukhadalli nadeyuva vivaahada svagatada ondu bhaagavaada 'kachcheri' pradarshanavu sangeetagaararige tamma sangeetada sangraha mattu samyojanegala roopaantara kaushalyagalannu mattu sangeetada pandityapurna gnaanavannu prastutapadisalu avakaashavannu niiduttade. antaha kaccherigalalli haadalpaduva haadugalu ondu nirdishta ragavannu etti torisuttave, idu prekshakarige nishchita layabaddha chakradalli haaduva saalugala gumpannu hondiruva raagada svaroopavannu sariyagi tilisuttade. haadina pratiyondu salannu antaha niroopaneyalli, "sett cyclena metrik rachane" ge sooktavaada baddhateyondige vividha layabaddha sailigalalli render maadalaaguttade. haadugala vishayavu aneka vishayagalannu olagondide. allade, kachcherigala samayadalli, "kanakari" endu kareyalaaguva aatavannu aadalaaguttade, idaralli haadinolage adagisittiruva vastuvannu arthamaadikolluva sulivannu prekshakarige savaalugalannu oddalaaguttade. hattu dikkugalannu sanketisuva hattu ragagalu athawa madhuragalannu prastutapadisuvudu mattondu savaalaagiddu, yaava ragavu yaava dikkannu pratinidhisuttade embudannu gurutisalu mattu helalu prekshakarannu kelalaaguttade. idu sangeetagaarara sangeeta kaushalyavannu etti torisuttade mattu idakkaagi avarige bahumaana nidalaaguttade.

kacheri karnataka samgeethathinte pashchaathalatthil samgeethajnjarudeyum prekshakarudeyum oru sammelanamaanu kacheri. kacheri roopathilaanu ithu avatharippikkunnath. vidvaanukalude shaasthreeya sangeetha kacherikal kelkkaan kacheri vedikalil samgeethapremikaludeyum saadhaaranakkaarudeyum saahodaryam othukoodunnu. uthbhavashaasthraparamaayi "kacheri" enna vaakk urudu bhashayil ninnum hindiyil kodathi ennarthathil ninnum uruthirinjathaanu. gayakanaaya ariyakudi ramanuja ayyankaar (1890-1967) karnataka samgeethathil aadhunika "kacheri" (kacheri) paarambaryangal sthaapichu. vanita kalakaaranmaaril emm.ell. vasanthakumariyum dii.keey. kacheri samskaaram prothsaahippikkunnathi pattammal thudakkamittu. ettavum sradheyamaaya gaayakariloraalaaya 1998ll ettavum uyarnna sivilian puraskaramaaya bhaarat ratna labhicha aadya vanita kalakariyaanu emm. ezz. subbalakshmi (<aii. dii. 1>); verum 15 vayassullappol nalkia aadyathe kacheriyode thante currier aarambhichavalaanu. prekshakarkkum sangeetha niroopakarkkum idayil ithu valia vijayamayirunnu. charithram. karnataka sangeetha kacheriyude pashchaathalatthil upayogikkunna "kacheri" enna vaakkinte uthbhavam hindi bhaashayile "kacheri" enna padatthil ninnaan. karnataka samgeethathe soochippikkunnathinaayi ithu sweekarikkunnathu aalukal othukoodunna oru sarkkar offeesaaya oru kodathi ennathinte prarambha ardhathilaanu. innathe thamizhnaattile thanjaavoorile maraatha bharanakaalathu (1670-1800), eee kaalayalavil ithu raajaavinte darbaraayirunnathinaal karnataka samgeethathinte nighanduvil ithu sweekarikkappettirikkam. athu oru prathyeka sthalamo vidoora sthalamo aayirunnilla, marichu oru haal aayirunnu, samsthaanathinte karyangal pariharikkan rajaavu aalukalkk sadass nalkia oru vedhi. jeevithathinte ellah mekhalakalileyum aalukal avarude "abhilaashangalum aashankakalum" rajaavinu munnil avatharippicha sthalam koodiyaayirunnu ithu. eee sthalathaanu sangeethanjjar thangalude sangeetha nettangal raajaakkanmaarkk munnil avatharippichathu. kottaratthilo darbaarilo nadakkunna athe vediyile paripaadikalude eee samaanathayaan prashastha sangeethanjjar avatharippikkunna karnataka sangeetha sorikale kacheri ennu vilikkunnathu. kazhinja oru noottaandilereyaayi ithu aksharaarthatthil oru vediye prathinidheekarikkuka mathramalla, karnataka samgeethathinte saamskaarika praadhaanyatthe soochippikkunna thiranjeduttha othucheraline soochippikkukayum cheiyunnu. dakshinenthyayile samgeetharamgathu aadhipathyam pulartthiyirunna sangeetha kacherikalude aashayathinte uthbhavamaanith. formet. 1930kalil ariyakudi ramanuja ayyankaar vibhavanam cheytha kacheriyude aadhunika roopam, munkaala gurukkanmar avatharippicha parambaraagatha karnataka samgeethathinte sambannamaaya samyojanathode, prathyekichu thyagaraja, muthuswamy deekshitaar, shyaamashaasthri ennivarude karnataka samgeethathinte thrithwathil, prekshakarude vishalavum vaividhyapoornavumaaya abhiruchikalkku ettavum anuyojyamaayirunnu; karnataka samgeethathil pothujanangalude thalpparyam nilanirthaan maathram mathiyaya dairkhyamullathaakkuka ennathaayirunnu lakshyam. naadakatthilum naadakatthilumulla sangeetha parivartthanangal kanakkileduthaanu shekharam vibhavanam cheythath. samgeethakkacheriyude deerghaneram prekshakarude shradha aakarshikkunna gaanangalude shekharavum mriduvaaya shabdavum ulla gaayakane thiranjedukkunnathu anivaaryamaayi kanakkakkappettu. vaanijyaparamaaya vinodathinteyum soundaryashaasthrathintam aavasyavum kacheri niravettunnu. madraasayile myoosikkal akkadami kacheriyude dairkhyam 3 manikoraayi nirddeshichu. gayakanu shaanthamaaya anthareeksham srishtikkukayum athu vaividhyamaarnna sangeetha rachanakalilekku nayikkukayum cheytha oru varnam enna roopathil kacheri aarambikkunnu, ithu pazhayakala sangeethanjjar poorttheekarichu. ithine thudarnnu niravadhi kruthikalum (sangeetha rachanakal) raagangalum (raagangal) varunnu. eee rangam prekshakarude maanasikaavasthaye aakarshikkukayum prakadanatthiloode aaveshathode kadannupokaan kalakarane praaptharaakkukayum cheythu. pallavi (gaanatthinte prameyarekhakal) enna samathulithamaaya thaalathodukoodiya aalapanam enna raagathinte vipulamaaya vishadeekaranamaanu classical gaanangalkk munganana nalkunnathu. padangal (oru samgeethasamvidhaanam), jawali, prekshakarude shradhayum prasamsayum pidichupattunna deseeya prameyangalulla ganangal enniva aalapikkunnathaan kacheri avasaanippikkunnath. karnataka samgeethathinte oru kacheri saadhaaranayaayi swarasamgeethathintethaanu. oru kacheriyile anthareeksham "samyamanam palikkukayum maanyamaakkukayum cheiyunnu", athesamayam hindusthaani samgeethathinte kacheri roopathe prathinidheekarikkunna "mehfill" yude kaaryatthil "swabhaavaparamaaya upeksha" undu. eee formaattil kacherikal sameepakaalath valare kazhivulla samgeethajnjare aakarshikkukayum swarasangeetham, vyarthakal, vayalin, pullaankuzhal thudangiyava vaayikkunna noorukanakkinu samgeethajnjare ulppeduthukayum cheythu. kacheri samgeethathil, idatharam, vegathayulla thaalathilaanu ganangal avatharippikkunnath. mandagathiyilullathum valare mandagathiyilullathumaaya hindusthaani kacheriyumaayi thaarathamyappeduthumbol ithu renderingil pakuthiyolam samayamedukkum. ennirunnaalum, samgeethajnjarude saannidhyathil nadakkunna vivaha sweekaranangalude bhaagamaayi nadakkunna 'kacheri' prakadanam samgeethajnjarkku avarude sangeetha shekharavum rachanakalude poruthappedutthal kazhivukalum samgeethathekkurichulla paandithyavum avatharippikkan avasaram nalkunnu. atharam kacherikalil alapikkunna ganangal oru nischitha raagathe uyarthikkaattunnu, athu oru nischitha thaalachakrathil alapikkunna oru koottam varikalulla raagathinte swabhaavam prekshakare krithyamaayi ariyikkunnu. paattinte oro variyum "settu saikkilinte metrik ghadana" anusarichukondu vyathyastha thaala shailikalilaan render cheiyunnathu. gaanangalude prameyam niravadhi vishayangal ulkkollunnu. koodaathe, kacherikalude samayat, "kanakari" ennariyappedunna oru geyim kalikkunnu, athil oru gaanathinullil marachuvechirikkunna oru inam manassilakkaanulla soochanayode prekshakarkku velluvilikal uyarthunnu. eathu ragamaanu eathu dishaye prathinidheekarikkunnathenna thirichariyaan prekshakarodu aavashyappedunna patthu dishakale pratheekappeduthunna patthu raagangalo gaanangalo avatharippikkuka ennathaanu mattoru velluvili. ithu samgeethajnjante sangeetha vaidagdhyam eduthukaanikkukayum athinu addehathinu prathiphalam labikkukayum cheiyunnu.

kachheri kachheri hii karnatak sangitachya sandarbhat sangitkar aanee prekshakanchi sabha aahe. too maifilichya swarupat sadar keela jaato. vidvananche shastriy sangeet maifili aikanyasathi parangat aanee samanya lock kachcherichya thikani ekatra yetat. vyutpattishastranusar 'kachheri' haah shabd urdu bhashetoon aala aahe aanee hindimadhye yacha arth nyayalay assa hoto. gayak ariyakudi ramanuj ayyangar (1890-1967) yanni karnatak sangitatil aadhunik "kachheri" (maifili) parampara sthapit kelya. mahila kalakaranmadhye, emm.ell. vasantkumari aanee dii.keey. pattammal yanni kachcheri sanskratila protsahan denyache kaam kele. 1998 madhye bharat ratnacha sarvoch nagri puraskar midvananya pahilya mahila kalakaranpaiki sarvat ullekhaneey gayak emm. ess. subbulakshmi (1916-2004); jine vayachya avaghya 15 vya varshi dilelya tichya pahilya kachcherine tichya karkirdichi suruvat kelee hotee. prekshak aanee sangeet samikshakanmadhye haah eka motha hiit tharala. itihas. karnataki sangeet maifilichya sandarbhat vaparlya jaanarya 'kachchhiri' yaa shabdacha ugam hindi bhashetil 'kachhehari' yaa shabdapasoon dekhil jhaala aahe. carnatic sangeetala soochit karnyasathi tyacha sweekar haah darbar, eka sarkari karyalay jithe lock ekatra yetat, yaa tyachya suruvatichya arthat aadhalato. sadhyachya tamilanaduchya tanjavarmadhil maratha rajvatit (1670-1800), bahudha carnatic sangitachya shabdakoshat too swikarla gela, kaaran yaa kalat too rajacha darbar hota. teey vegale kinwa durgam thikan navhate, tarr eka sabhagruh hote, eka thikan jethe rajane lokanna rajyachya baabee sodavanyasathi prekshakanchi bhet dilee hotee. serve staratil lokanni rajasamor tyanchya "aakanksha aanee chinta" mandalya, ashee hii jaaga hotee. yach thikani sangitkaranni rajansamor tyanchi sangitatil kamgiri sadar kelee. darbar kinwa darbarchya tyach thikanavaril karyakramanchi hii samanata aahe qee pratishthit sangitkaranni sadar kelelya carnatic sangeet soirinna kucheri mhatale jaau lagale. gelya eka shatkahoon adhik kalapasoon heey keval ekhadya thikanache pratinidhitva karnyasathich navhe tarr carnatic sangitache sanskrutik mahatva darshavinara nivadak melava dekhil darshavite. dakshin bharatatil sangeet paridrushyavar varchasva gajavana sangeet maifilichya sankalpanecha haah ugam aahe. swaroop. 1930 chya dashakat ariyakudi ramanuj ayyangar yanni kalpana kelelya kachcheriche aadhunik swaroop, jyat purvichya gurujananni sadar kelelya paramparik karnatak sangitache samruddha mishran, visheshtah tyagaraj, muttuswamy dikshitar aanee shyama shastri yaa karnatak sangitachya trayi prekshakanchya vyapak aanee vaividhyapurn aavadinusar sarvat yogya hotee; karnatak sangitatil janateche swarasya tikavoon thevanyasathi teey purese lamb karane haah uddesh hota. natya aanee natkatil sangeet rupantar lakshat gheuun yaa pradarshanachi kalpana karnyat aalee hotee. maifilichya dirgh tasanparyant prekshakanche laksh vedhoon ghenanya, dhobal aavaj aanee ganyanchya sangrahasah gayakachi nivad karane aavashyak manale jaat hote. kachcherine vyavsayik karamanook aanee saundaryashastrachi garaj dekhil purn kelee. madarsachya sangeet akadameene kachchericha kalavadhi 3 tasansathi nishchit keela hota. maifilichi suruvat varnam yaa purvichya sangitkaranni paripoorn kelelya prakarane hote, kaaran tyane gayakasathi eka aaramdayi vatavaran nirman kele hote, jyamule sangeet rachananchya vistrut shrenila chalana midali. tyanantar anek krutee (sangeet rachana) aanee raag (suur) yetat. yaa drushyane prekshakanchi manahsthiti jagrut kelee aanee kalakarala utsahane sadarikaran paar padnyas saksham kele. shastriy ganyanchi suruvat hii pallavi (ganyachya vishayavaril olee) varr asalelya santulit talasah aalap navachya madhuryane kelee jaate. padam (eka sangeet rachana), jawali aanee rashtriy sankalpananchi ganee sadar karoon maifilicha samarop keela jaato, jee prekshakanche laksh vedhoon ghetil aanee tyanche kautuk kartil. karnatak sangitachi eka kachchhiri samanyatah gayan sangitachi asate. kachcheritil vatavaran 'sanyamit aanee sanmananiy' asate, tarr 'mehfil' chya babatit, jeey hindusthani sangitachya maifiliche swaroop darshavate, 'vaishishtyapurn parityag' asate. yaa swarupat kachcherinni alikadchya kalat atyant pratibhavan sangitkaranna aakarshit kele aahe aanee tyat gayan sangeet, vyarthika, violine, basari ityadi vajavanare vadyavadak asha shailitil shekado sangitkar sahbhagi jhaale aahet. kachcheri sangeet swarupat, ganee madhyam aanee vegwan gatine sadar kelee jaatat. mand aanee atishay mand gatine honanya hindusthani maifilichya tulanet heey sadarikaran karnyasathi sumare ardha vel ghete. tathapi, sangitachya parangatanchya upasthitit aayojit vivah sohalyacha eka bhag asalelya 'kachchhiri' sadarikaranamule sangitkaranna tyanchi sangitatil qalaa aanee rachananche anukulan kaushalya aanee sangitache pandityapurn dnyan sadar karanyachi sandhee milate. asha kaccheryanmadhye sadar keleli ganee eka vishisht ragavar prakash taktat, jyamadhye prekshakanna tyaa surache swaroop yogya prakare soochit kele jaate, jyat eka nishchit laybaddh chakrat gayalelya olincha sanch asato. asha prakare ganyachya pratyek oliche sadarikaran kartana, 'sanch chakrachya metrik sanrachane' chey yogya palan karoon, tyaa swarala vegvegalya laybaddh shailinmadhye prastut kele jaate. ganyanchya vishayanmadhye anek vishayancha samavesh aahe. tasech, kachcherichya darmyan, 'kankari' mhanoon olakhala jaanara eka khel khelala jaato jyamadhye ganyat lapavalelya vastoocha arth kadhanyachya sanketasah prekshakanna aavhane dilee jaatat. aanakhi eka aavhan mhanje daha disha darshavinare daha raag kinwa ganee sadar karane, jeey prekshakanna konate raag konatya disheche pratinidhitva karate heey olakhanyas aanee sanganyas sangitale jaate. heey sangitkarache sangeet kaushalya adhorekhit karate aanee yasathi tyala bakshis dile jaate.

kachheri kachheri karnatak sangitko sandarbhama sangitkarharu rar darshakharuko euta sabha how. yo concert dhanchama prastut garieko chha. vidwan rar aam janatako sangit bhratritwa kachchiri sthalharuma widawanharuko shastriya sangit concertharu sunna bhela hunchha. wyutpattishastrama "kachheri" shabda urdu bhashabata aeko how rar hindima yasako artha adalatko how. gayak ariyakudi ramanuja ayyangar (1890-1967) ley karnatak sangitma adhunik "kachheri" (concert) paramparaharu sthapana gare. mahila kalakarharu madhye, emm.ell. wasantakumari rar dee.key. pattamalle kachcheri sanskritiko prawardhanko agragami thie. sabaibhanda ullekhaniya gayakharu madhye sann 1998 maa bharat ratnako sarvochcha nagarik puraskar prapta garne pahilo mahila kalakar emm. ess. subbulakshmi (1916-2004); jasle afno kariyarko suruwat 15 warshako umerma diieko afno pahilo kachheribata gareki thiin. yo darshak rar sangit samikshakharu bitch thulo heat thiyo. itihas. karnatak sangit concertko sandarbhama prayog hune "kachheri" shabdako utpatti hindi bhashako shabda "kachheri" ko rupma pani bhaeko chha. carnatic sangitlai sanket garna yasalai apanaunu yasako prarambhik artha darbar, ek sarkari karyalaya jahaan manisharu bhela hunchhan bhanne rupma patta lagainchha. wartaman tamilnaduko tanjawurma maratha shasson (1670-1800) ko samayama, yasalai sambhawatah karnatak sangitko shabdakoshma apanaieko thiyo, kinki yass awadhima, yo rajako darbar thiyo. yo chhuttai wa durgam thaaun thiena, tara euta hull thiyo, euta yasto sthan jahaan rajale rajyaka mamilaharubare kura garna manisharulai darshakharu dieka thie. yo tyo thaaun pani thiyo jahaan jiwanka sabai kshetraka manisharule rajamuni afno "akanksha rar chinta" prastut gare. yahi thaunma sangitkarharule afna sangitik upalabdhiharu rajaharu samu prastut gare. darbar wa darbarko saman sthanma hune karyakramharuko samantale nai pratishthit sangitkarharule prastut garne carnatic sangitik soriharulai kachcheri bhaninchha. yo, pachhillo ek shatabdi bhanda badhima, shabdik rupma ek sthalko pratinidhitwa garna matra hoina tara karnatak sangitko sanskritik mahatwalai sanket garne chayan garieko jamghatlai pani janaunchha. yo sangitik concertharuko awadharanako utpatti how jasle dakshini bharatko sangit paridrishyama prabhutwa jamaeko chha. dhancha. 1930 ko dashakma ariyakodi ramanuj ayyangardwara kalpana garieko paramparagat karnatak sangitko samridha mishranko sath wigatka guruharu, vishesh gari tyagaraj, muttuswamy dikshitar rar shyama shastriko karnatak sangitko trimurti, darshakharuko swadko wistrit rar vividh simaka lagi upayukta thiyo; uddeshya karnatak sangitma janatako chaso kayam rakhna yasalai paryapta lamo banaunu thiyo. theater rar natakma sangitik rupantaranlai dhyanma rakhdai pradarshanko suchiko kalpana garieko thiyo. concertko lamo samayasamma darshakko dhyan akarshit garne githaruko bhawyata rar layabadha awazka sath gayakko chhanautalai awashyak maninthyo. kachherile wyawasayik manoranjan rar saundaryashastrako awashyaktalai pani pura taja. madrasko musical ekedemile kachcheriko awadhi 3 ghantasamma nirdharan gareko thiyo. concert warnambata suru hunchha, june purano sangitkarharule siddha gareko roop how kinki yasale gayakka lagi aramdayi watawaran sirjana garyo jasle garda sangit rachanaharuko wistrit spectrum bhayo. yasapachhi dherai kritiharu (sangitik rachanaharu) rar ragharu (dhunharu) hunchhan. yass kramale darshakko manodasha taja taja rar kalakarlai utsahaka sath pradarshan garna saksham banayo. shastriya githaru pallavi (gitko vishayagat panktiharu) dwara shirshama santulit layako sath alap namak dhunko wistarit vistardwara prastut garinchha. sangit karyakram padam (ek sangitik rachana), jawali rar rashtriya vishayavastu bhaeka githaru prastut garera samapan garinchha jasle darshakharuko dhyan rar prashansa rakhchha. karnatak sangitko kachheri samanyataya swar sangitko hunchha. kachheriko watawaran "sanyamit rar sammanjanak" hunchha jabki hindustani sangitko concert dhanchalai pratinidhitwa garne "mahfil" ko mamalama "wishishta parityag" hunchha. yass dhanchama kachcheriharule halaika samayama atyadhik pratibhashali sangitkarharulai akarshit gareka chhan rar swar sangit, wyarthika, bhayalin, baansuri rar yastai anya vidhaka sayaun sangitkarharulai sanlagna gareka chhan. kachheri sangit dhanchama, githaru madhyam rar druta gatima prastut garinchha. yo hindustani concertko tulanama, june dhilo rar dherai dhilo gatima chha, prastut garna lagbhag adha samaya lagchha. yadyapi, sangitka parkhiharuko upasthitima ayojit vivaha swagatko ek bhag 'kachheri' pradarshanle sangitkarharulai uniharuko sangit bhandar rar rachanaharuko anukulan kaushal rar sangitko vidwatapurna gyan prastut garne awasar dinchha. yasta kachcheriharuma prastut garieka githarule euta vishesh raglai prakash parchhan jasle darshakharulai dhunko prakritilai vidhivat suchit gardacha jasma nishchit layabadha chakrama gaeka panktiharuko sett hunchha. gitko pratyek pankti prastut garda "sett chakrako metrik sanrachana" ko uchit palanaka sath vibhinna layabadha shailiharuma prastut garinchha. gitko vishayavastule dherai vishayaharu sametchha. sathai, kachheriko samayama, "kankari" bhanera chinine khel khelinchha jasma gitbhitra lukeko vastulai bujhnaka lagi shrotaharuka lagi chunautiharu prastut garinchha. arko chunauti bhaneko dasawata raag wa dhunharu dasawata dishaharuko pratikko rupma prastut garnu how jaslai darshakharulai kuna ragle kuna dishalai pratinidhitwa gardacha bhanera pahichan garna rar batauna agraha garinchha. yasale sangitkarko sangit kaushallai ujagar gardacha rar yasaka lagi usalai puraskrit garinchha.

kacheri eka kachera heuchhi karnataki sangeeta sandarbhare sangeetagya ebong darshakanka eka samabesh . ehaaku sangeeta karjyakram pharmatare upasthapana karajaithae. bidawanamananka shastriya sangeeta karjyakram suniba paain, parangama ebong sadharana lokanka sangeeta bhratrutwa, kacherire ekatrita huanti. sabdagata drustiru "kacheri" shabdati urdu bhasha ebong hindiru aasichhi, jahara artha heuchhi eka adalat. kanthashilpi arijakudi ramanuja aajengara (1890-1967) karnataki sangeetare adhunika "kachera" (sangeeta karjyakram) parampra pratistha karithile. mahila kalakaramananka madhyare, emm.ell. basantakumari ebong dii.kee. pattammal kacheri sanskrutira pracharara pathapradarshaka thile. sabutharu ullekhaneeah kanthasilpeemananka madhyare 1998 masihare bharat ratnara sarbocha nagarika puraskara paithiba pratham mahila kalakara thile emm. ess. subbulaxmi (1916-2004); jieki maatra 15 barsha bajasare tankara pratham katchery dei nijara carrier arambha karithile. ehaa darshaka ebong sangeeta samalochakanka madhyare eka budd heat thila . itihas. cornatic sangeeta karjyakram sandarbhare byabahruta "kacheri" shabdar utpatti hindi bhasha sabda "kachehari" bhabare madhya hoichhi . cornatic sangeetaku suchita kariba paain ehara grahan eka darbar, eka sarkari karjyalaja jeunthare lokamane ekathi huanti, bhabare ehara prarambhika arthare chinhat hoichhi . barttamanara tamilnadur tanjaburare maratha shasson (1670-1800) samajare, ehaa sambhabatah cornatic sangeetara abhidhanare grahan karajaithila, kaaran ehi samajare, ehaa rajanka darbar thila . ehaa eka pruthaka kimba durgama sthana nathila, barang eka hull, eka sthana jeunthare lokanku rajyara bisajagudika bitaraiba paain rajanka dwara darshaka diajaithila . ehaa madhya epari eka sthana thila jeunthare samasta berger lokamane rajanka sammukhare semanankara "aakankhya ebong chinta" upasthapana karithile. ehi sthanare sangeetagyamane rajamananka sammukhare semanankara sangeeta saphalata upasthapana karithile. darbar kimba darbar bhali eka sthanare ajojita heuthiba karjyakramara ehi samanata karanaru, prasidha sangeetagyamananka dwara upasthapita cornatic sangeeta sojireegudiku 'kacheri' kuhajauthila. gata eka shatabdiru adhika samai dhari, ehaa kebala eka sthanara pratinidhitwa kariba paain janashuna nuhen, barang cornatic sangeetara sanskrutika gurutwaku suchita karuthiba eka chajnit samabeshaku madhya suchita kare . ehaa heuchhi sangeeta karjyakramara dharanara utpatti jaahaa dakhina bharatara sangeeta drushyare pradhanya bistara karichhi . formatt. 1930 dashakare arjyakudi ramanuja aajengaranka dwara parikalpita katchery paain adhunika formatt, jeunthire paramparika karnataki sangeetara eka samruddha mishran thila, bisesh curry tyagaraja, muttuswamy deekhita ebong shyama shastreenka karnataki sangeetara trai, darshakanka swadara byapaka ebong bibidhata paain sabutharu upajukta thila; karnataki sangeetare janasadharananka agraha bajaiah rakhiba paain ehaaku yathesta dirgha kariba ehara uddeshya thila . theatre ebong natakare sangeeta rupantaranaku drustire rakhi ehi sangrahara kalpana karajaithila . sangeeta karjyakramara dirgha samai dhari darshakanka drusti akarshana karuthiba eka namaniah swara ebong geetara bhandara sahita kanthashilpeenka chajanaku gurutwapurna bolly bibechana karajaithila. katchery madhya banijyika manoranjan ebong soundarjyara aabashyakataaku purana karithila . madrasara musical ekademy dwara kacherira abadhi 3 ghanta dharjya karajaithila . sangeeta karjyakram eka barnam sahita arambha hue, eka roop jaahaa puruna sangeetagyamananka dwara purna hoithila kaaran ehaa kanthashilpeenka paain eka aaramadajaka paribesha srusti karithila jaahaa eka bistruta sangeeta rachna aadaku neijaithila . ehaa parey aneka kruti (sangeeta rachna) ebong raaga (sura) aase . ehi drushya darshakanka manobalaku utsahita karithila ebong kalakaranku utsahara saha pradarshan dei jibaku sakhyama karithila . shastriya gitagudika alapan namaka madhur eka bardhita bistara dwara prastuta hoithae, jeunthire santulita taala sahita pallabi (geetara bishajabastugata dhadi) sheershare rahithae. ehi sangeeta karjyakramara samapan padma (eka sangeeta rachna), jabhali ebong jatiah bishajabastu sahita geeta paribeshana sahita hoithae jaahaa darshakanka dhyana ebong prashansa akarshana kariba. karnataki sangeetara eka kachera sadharanatah kanthasangeeta atte. eka kachchereere paribesha "sanjata ebong sammanajanaka" hoithibabele "mehfil" khetrare jaahaa hindustani sangeetara sangeeta samaroha pharmataku pratinidhitwa kare, sethare "baisistya parityaga" achhi . ehi pharmatare katerimane nikata ateetare atyanta pratibhabana sangeetagyamananku akarshita karichanti ebong kantha sangeeta, byarthika, bhajolina, banshi ityadi bajaithiba badyajantrabadakanka saileere shaha shaha sangeetagyanku antarbhukta karichanti. kacheri sangeeta pharmatare, gitagudika eka madhyama ebong druta gatire paribeshana karajae . ehaa hindusthani sangeeta karjyakram tulanare, jaahaa eka manthara ebong ati manthara gatire achhi, upasthapanare praiah adhaa samai neithae . tebe, 'kacheri' paribeshana, sangeetara parangamamananka upasthitire ajojita bibaha swagata samarohara eka ansha, sangeetagyamananku semananka sangeeta pradarshan ebong rachnagudikar abhijojana dakhyata ebong sangeetara bidwana gyaana upasthapana karibara sujoga deithae. ebhali kacherire paribeshana karajauthiba gitagudika eka nirdista ragaku pradarshita karithae, jaahaa darshakanku eka sthira chhanda chakrare gauthiba dhadigudikara eka samooha thiba surara prakruti bishajare sathik bhabe suchana deithae. ehipari bhabe geetara pratyeka dhadi rendingre, "sett cyclera metrik sanrachana" ku palana curry, bhinna bhinna chandabaddha saileere, byanjanaku rending karajaithae. geetara bishajabastu aneka bishajaku antarbhukta kare . ahuri madhya, katchery samajare, "kanakari" naamare janashuna eka khela khelajae jeunthire eka geeta madhyare luchai rakhithiba eka itom bujhiba paain eka sutra sahita darshakanka sammukhare challenge upasthapana karajae . anya eka aahwana heuchhi dashati raaga kimba surara pratipadana jaahaa dasha digaku pratika kare jaahaaku darshakamananku keun raaga keun digaku pratinidhitwa kare taaha chinhat karibaku ebong kahibaku kuhajae . ehaa sangeetagyanka sangeeta kaushalaku darshae ebong ethipain tanku puraskruta karajae .

kachheri kachari karnatak sangeet dey sandrabh witch sangeetkaran atey darshakan dee ikk sabha haii. iss noon sangeet samaroh dey roop witch pesh keeta jaanda haii. vidvanan dey shastari sangeet samaroh sunan laee kachheri sathanan 'teey parkhi atey aam lokan daa sangeet bhaichara ikkatha hunda haii. shabad "kachheri" urdu bhasha toon liaa giaa haii atey hindi witch iss daa arth haii adalat. gaeek aryakudi ramanuja ayyangar (1890-1967) neey karnatak sangeet witch aadhunik "kachheri" (sangeet samaroh) parampravan dee sathapana keeti. mahila kalakaran witch, aimm.aill. vasantkumari atey dee.keey. pattmal neey kucheri sabheyachar noon utshahit curran dee agvai keeti. sabh toon mahattavpuran gaikan vicchon 1998 witch bharat rattan daa sarvuch nagrik puraskar prapat curran vaali pahili mahila kalakar see. aiss. subbulakshmi (1916-2004); jiss neey aapne crear dee shuruat aapni pahili kachheri naal keeti see jadon uh siraf 15 saal dee see. ih darshakan atey sangeet aalochakan witch ikk vaddi hitt see. itihaas. karnatik sangeet samaroh dey sandrabh witch vartiaa jaanh vaala shabad "kachheri" hindi bhasha dey shabad "kachheri" dey roop witch vee utpan hoiaa haii. karnatik sangeet noon darsaun laee iss noon apnaun daa mudhla arth adalat, ikk sarkari daftar jitthe lock ikkathe hunde hunn, dey roop witch labhiaa jaanda haii. varatman tamilnadu dey tanjavur witch maratha shasan (1670-1800) dauran, iss noon shayed karnatik sangeet dey shabadkosh witch apnaiaa giaa see, kiunki iss samein dauran, ih raaje daa darbar see. ih koee vakkhari jaan door-durade dee jagha naheen see, balki ikk haal see, ikk ajiha sathaan jitthe lokan noon raaj dey mamlian noon khatam curran laee raaje duaara darshak ditte jaande sunn. ih uh jagha vee see jitthe jeevan dey harr khetar dey lokan neey raaje dey sahmane aapniaan "ichhavan atey chintavan" pesh keetiaan sunn. ih uh sathaan see jitthe sangeetkaran neey aapniaan sangeetak prapatiaan noon rajiaan dey sahmane pesh keeta. adalat jaan darbar dey samaan sathaan utte honn vaale samagman dee ih samanta haii kii prasidh sangeetkaran duaara pesh keete jaanh vaale karnatik sangeet dey sarotiaan noon kucheri kiha jaanda haii. ih, ikk sadee toon vee vaddh samein toon, naa siraf ikk sathaan dee numaindagi curran laee janhiaa jaanda haii, balki karnatik sangeet dey sabheyacharak mahattav noon darsaunde hoye ikk chonven ikkath noon vee darsaunda haii. ih sangeet samarohan dee dharna dee shuruat haii jiss neey dakkhni bharat dey sangeet drish utte dabdaba banaiaa haii. format. 1930 dey dahake witch ariakudi ramanuj ayyangar duaara kalpana keeti gaee kachheri laee aadhunik format, jiss witch pichle masteran duaara pesh keete gaye ravaiti karnatak sangeet daa ikk ameer mishran, khaas karke tyagraj, muthuswamy dikshitar atey shiama shastari dey karnatak sangeet dee trimurti, darshakan dey suaad dey vishal atey vibhinn vargan laee sabh toon vadhiaa see; udesh iss noon karnatak sangeet witch janata dee dilchaspi noon kaaim rakkhan laee kaafi lamba banauna see. theatre atey drame witch sangeet dey anukultavan noon dhiaan witch rakkhde hoye iss bhandar dee kalpana keeti gaee see. sangeet samaroh dey lambe samein takk darshakan daa dhiaan khicchan vaale geetan dee suchi atey ikk naram aavaaz vaale gaeek dee chonh noon zaruri manniaa jaanda see. kachheri neey vaparak manoranjan atey suhaj shastar dee zaroorat noon vee poora keeta. madrassan dee sangeet academy duaara kachheri dee miaad 3 ghante nirdharat keeti gaee see. sangeet samaroh ikk varnam naal shuru hunda haii, ikk roop joe purane samein dey sangeetkaran duaara sampuran keeta giaa see kiunki iss neey gaeek laee ikk shaant mahaul banaiaa jiss naal sangeet rachnavan dee ikk vishal luddy shuru hoee. iss toon baad bahut saariaan rachnavan (sangeet rachnavan) atey raag (dhunan) aaundiaan hunn. iss luddy neey darshakan dey mood noon taaza qarr ditta atey kalakar noon utshah naal pardarshan curran dey yog banaiaa. classical geetan noon santulit taal dey naal alpana namak dhun dey vistrit vistaar duaara pesh keeta jaanda haii jiss dey sikhar 'teey pallavi (geet deeaan thematic lines) hundiaan hunn. sangeet samaroh dee samapati padam (ikk sangeetak rachna), jawali atey rashtari vishiaan vaale geetan naal keeti jaandi haii joe darshakan daa dhiaan atey parshansa noon khichange. karnatak sangeet dee ikk kachheri aam taur utte vocal sangeet dee hundi haii. kachheri daa mahaul "sanjam atey sanmanjanak" hunda haii jadon kii "mahfil" dey mamle witch joe hindustani sangeet dey sangeet samaroh dey roop noon darsaunda haii, "vishesh tiaag" hunda haii. iss format witch kachheriaan neey haal hii dey samein witch bahut pratibhashali sangeetkaran noon aakarshit keeta haii atey iss witch vocal sangeet, viertica, violin, bansari aadi vajaun vaale saaz vajaun vaale sainkade sangeetkar shamal hunn. kachheri sangeet dey roop witch, geet ikk madham atey tez gatee witch pesh keete jaande hunn. ih hindustan dey sangeet samaroh dee tulna witch haii, joe kii ikk hauli atey bahut hauli gatee witch haii, pesh curran witch lagbhag addha samaan lainda haii. halanki, 'kachheri' pardarshan sangeet dey parkhi lokan dee hazri witch aayojit viaah dey reception daa ikk hissa haii joe sangeetkaran noon aapne sangeet dey bhandar atey rachnavan dey anukool hunar atey sangeet dey vidwan giaan noon pesh curran daa mauka dinda haii. ajihiaan kachhdiaan witch pesh keete gaye geet ikk vishesh raag noon ujagar karde hunn joe darshakan noon dhun dee prakirti baare dassde hunn jiss witch ikk nishchit taal chakkar witch gaaeeaan gaeeaan lines daa ikk samooh hunda haii. geet dee harek line noon iss tarahan pesh curran witch, "sett chakkar dey metrick dhanche" dee palna dey naal vakkh-vakkh talwadi shailiaan witch pesh keeta jaanda haii. geetan daa visha bahut saare vishiaan noon cover karda haii. iss toon ilava, kachhdiaan dey dauran, "kankari" vajon jaanhi jaandi ikk khed khedi jaandi haii jiss witch darshakan noon ikk geet dey ander luki hoee cheez noon samjhan laee ikk surag dey naal chunotiaan pesh keetiaan jandiaan hunn. ikk horr chunhauti dass raagan jaan dhunan daa pardarshan karna haii joe dass dishavan daa prateek haii jiss noon darshakan noon pachanan atey dassan laee kiha jaanda haii kii kihda raag kiss disha noon darsaunda haii. ih sangeetkar dey sangeet hunar noon ujagar karda haii atey iss laee uss noon inam ditta jaanda haii.

kacchaa kachheri iti karnaatakasangeetasy sandarbhe sangeetajnaanaam prekshakanam cha sabhaa asti. etat sangeeta-kaaryakrame prastutam asti. vidvaanaam samanyajananam cha sangeeta-bhraatrutvam, kacchee-sthaleshu, vidvaanaam shaastreey-sangeeta-sangeeta-karyakraman shrotum samaagacchati. vyutpattisaukhyatah "kaccheeree" iti padam urdubhashayaha, hindibhashayaha cha, nyayalayaha iti arthena vyutpannam asti. gaayakah ariyakudi ramanuja ayyangar (1890-1967) karnaatakasangeetasy aadhunikam "kachheri" (sangeeta-sangeeta-paramparaah) sthapitavan. mahilaa-kalakaranam madhye, emm.a. vasantakumari tathaa cha dee.key. pattammaal ityeshah kaccheree-samskrutehe pracharasya pravartakah aasit. 1998 tame varshe bhaarat ratnasya sarvoccha-nagarikapuraskaram praaptavatee prathamaa mahilaa-kalakaraha, ullekhaneeyeshu gayakeshu, emm. ess. subbulakshmi (1916-2004); yaa kevalam 15 varshaani yaavat vayasi, swasyaah prathamena kaccheree ityanena svajeevitam prarabhata. prekshakeshu sangeeta-vimarshakeshu cha etat mahatim hitt abhavat. itihaasah. karnataki-sangeeta-sangeeta-kaaryakrame prayuktasya "kaccheeree" iti shabdasya utpattih hindibhashayaha "kachhehari" iti shabdat api asti. karnataki-sangeetasy arthaartham tasya sweekaranam, tasya praarambhik-arthaat, nyayalayaha iti, sarvakaareey-karyalayaha yatra janaah samaagacchanti iti, dnyaatam. vartamaanasya tamilunaaduraajyasy tanchaavoor-nagare maraatashaasanakaale (1670-1800), sambhawatah karnataki-sangeetasy shabdakoshasya anusaaram etat sweekrutam, yatah asmin kaale etat raajnah darabaarah aasit. etat pruthak vaa doorastham vaa sthaanam naa aasit, apitu ekam sabhamandapam, yatra rajyasya vishayeshu vicchedanam kartum rajena janaan prekshakaah dattavantah. idam tatt sthaanam api aasit yatra jeevanasya sarva-kshetraanaam janaah raajnah samaksham swaan "akankshan chintaan cha" upasthaapayan. asmin eva sthaane sangeetadnyaah raajnah samaksham swasangeeta-upalabdhikaam prastutee. nyayalayasya athavaa darabaarasy sthaane eva ghatanaayaah eshaa samyam bhavati yat khyaat-sangeetadnyaih prastutah carnatic-sangeeta-soyiri-janaah kacchee iti namna abhishiktaah. etat, ekashataabdyaah api adhikam kalat, naa kevalam shaabdikaroopen ekam sthaanam pratinidhitvam karoti iti dnyaayate, apitu karnataki-sangeetasy saamskrutika-mahattvam suchayatam cha ekam chayanam samagamam api soochayati. dakshinabhaaratasy sangeeta-drushye adhipatyam sthaapitasya sangeeta-sangeeta-samarohanam parikalpanayaha utpattih eshaa eva asti. swaroopam. 1930 tame dashake ariyakodi ramanuja ayyangaar ityanena parikalpitam, poorvagurubhih, visheshatah tyagarajasya, muttuswamy deekshitar ityasya, shyaamashaastri ityasya cha, karnaatakasangeetasy tritvena, prastutasya paaramparika-karnaatakasangeetasy samruddha-mishranena saha, kaccheree-ityasya aadhunik-swaroopam, prekshakanam vishaal-vividha-abhiruchyam cha anukoolam aasit; karnaatakasangeetasy vishaye janasya ruchihi dhaarayitum tatt dirghakalam yaavat paryaaptam kartum eva asya uddeshyah aasit. naatake cha sangeeta-rupantaranan drushtvaa asya sangrahasya kalpanaa krutaa. sangeeta-kaaryakrame dirghakalam yaavat shrotru-dhyanam akarshayantah, samyata-swarayuktasya gayakasya, gitanam cha chayanam aavashyakam iti manyate sma. kaccheree-nagare vaanijya-manoranjanasya, saundaryashaastrasya cha aavashyakataa aasit. madrasa-nagarasya sangeeta-akadami ityanena kaccheree-utsavasya avadhihi 3 ghantaah iti nirdharita aasit. sangitasabhayaha aarambhah varnam ityanena bhavati, yat praacheenakaalasy sangeetadnyaih paripoornam roopam bhavati, yatah tatt gayakasya krute shaantam vaataavaranam nirmitam, yena sangeeta-rachanaah vistrutaroopena nirmitaani. tadanantaram anekaani krutayah (sangeeta-rachanaah), raagaah (ragani) cha bhavanti. ayam kramah prekshakanam manodashaa uttejitavaan, tathaa cha kalakaram utsaahen pradarshanm kartum samarthavaan. shastriyagitaha, pallavee (gitasya vishaya-rekhaah) ityanena sheershe santulita-layayuktena aalaap-namakasya madhuryasya vistruta-vistaaren poorvanirdharitaah santi. padam (sangeeta-rachanaa), jawali, rashtriya-vishayavastoonaam gitanam cha prastuteekaranen sangeeta-samarohah samaapyate, yena prekshakanam dhyanam prashamsaam cha prapnuyat. karnaatakasangeetasy katree samanyataya swarasangeetasya bhavati. kachheri-nagarasya vaataavaranam "sanyamitam, gauravapoornam cha" bhavati, parantu hindustaanee-sangeetasy sangeeta-vinyaasasya pratinidhitvam kurvataam "mehfil" ityasya vishaye "vishishta-parityaagam" bhavati. asmin swaroope kaccheree-janaah sadyahkaale atyantam pratibhasampannan sangeetajnaan aakarshayan, swarasangeetaprakaarasy shatashah sangeetajnaan, vyarthikaah, violine, baansuree ityadeen vaadyavaadinah cha sammilayan. kaccheeree-sangeeta-swaroope, geetaani madhyam-druta-gatau cha prastooyante. mandagatau atyantam mandagatau cha hindusthaanee-sangeeta-karyakramena tu tu etat, prastuteekarane praayah ardha-samayam avahati. parantu, sangitapremikanam upasthitau aayojite vivaah-swaagatasya bhagarupena aayojite 'kacchee' ityasya pradarshanasy karanat sangeetajnaan swasangeeta-sangraham, rachanaa-anukoolan-kaushalaan, sangeetasy vidvataapoorna-gyaanam cha pradarshayitum avasarah praapyate. etaadrusheshu kacchereesamooheshu prastutah geetaani, nishchit-laya-chakrasya gitanam panktyaam yuktasya ragasya swaroopam shrotrubhyah samyak suchitam krutvaa, ekam vishishtam raagam prakaashayanti. gitasya pratyekasya panktim etaadrushe prastuteekarane, "nirneetachakrasy metrick-samrachanaa" ityasya samuchitam paalanam avalambya, vividha-layabaddhashailyaah swarah prastujyate. gitanam vishayavastuh aneke vishayaah santi. api cha, kaccheree-kreedaayaah samaye "kanakari" iti namna prasiddha creedaa kreedyate yasmin gitasya antah guptam vastum arthaya sanketena prekshakanam samaksham chunauteeh upasthaapyante. anyat chunautee asti dash-dishanam pratikanam dash-raganam vaa madhuranam vaa pratipaadanam, yat prekshakaih dnyaatum, kah raagah kasmin dishaam pratinidhayati iti vakttum cha praarthyate. etena sangeetajnasya sangeeta-kaushalam prakaashate, tathaa cha asya krute saha puraskrutah bhavati.

kacheri kacheri enbathu karnaadaga isaiyin pinnaniyil isaikkalainarkal mattrum paarvaiyaalarkalin koottam aagum. idhu kacheri vadivaththil vazhangkappadukirathu. visuvaasigal mattrum samanian makkalin isai sagoatharaththuvam vithvaangalin paarambariya isai nigazhchchigalaik kaetka kacheri idangkalil koodugiradhu. sorpirappiyal reethiyaaga "kacheri" endra soll uruthu mozhiyilirunthum, inthiyil neethimandraththaik kurikkum vagaiyil inthiyil irunthu perappattathu. paadagar ariyakudi ramanuja ayyankar (1890-1967) karnaadaga isaiyil naveena "kacheri" (kacheri) bhaarambariyaththai niruvinaar. penn kalaignargalidaiye, emm.ell. vasanthakumari mattrum dii.kae. pattammaal kacheri kalaachaaraththai maempaduththuvathil munnoadiyaaga irunthaar. miga kurippidatthakka paatakarkalil 1998 aam aandil bhaaratha ratna endra miga uyarnththa sivil viruthaip pettra muthal penn kalaignar emm. ess. subbulatchumi (1916-2004); avar thanathu 15 vayathil thanathu muthal kacheriyudan thanathu vaazhkkaiyaith thodangkinaar. idhu paarvaiyaalarkal mattrum isai vimarsagargal matthiyil perum vetrtriyaip pettrathu. varalaaru. carnatic isai nigazhchchiyin soozhalil payanpaduththappadum "kacheri" endra soll hinthi mozhi vaarthaiyaana "kacheri" enbathilirunththum thoantriyullathu. carnatic isaiyaik kurikka adhan thazhuval adhan aaramba arththaththil oru neethimandram, makkal koodiyirukkum oru arasu aluvalagam endru kandariyappattullathu. intraiya tamilnaattin thanjaavooril marattiya aatchiyin poathu (1670-1800), idhu karnaadaga isaiyin agaraathiyil aetrtrukkollappattirukkala, aenenil, inthak kaalakattathil, idhu mannarin tharpaaraaga irunththathu. idhu oru thanii allathu tholaithoora idam alla, aanaal oru mandapam, maanila vishayangkalai vazhangka mannaraal makalukku paarvaiyaalarkal valangkappatta idam. anaitthuth tharappu makkalum thangal "abilaashaigalaiyum akkaraikalaiyum" mannarin muun munvaiththa idamaagavum idhu irunththathu. inththa idaththilthaan isaikkalainarkal thangal isai saathanaigalai mannargal muun munvaiththanar. arasavai allathu dharbar irukkum athae idaththil nadaiperum nigazhvugalin podhuvaana thanmaiyae pugazhpettra isaikkalainarkalaal vazhangkappadum carnatic isai soayirigal kacheri endru azhaikkappadugindrana. idhu, kadantha oru noottraandukkum maelaaga, oru idaththai pirathinithiththuvappaduththu mattumallaamal, carnatic isaiyin kalaachaara mukkiyatthuvaththai kurikkum oru thernthedukkappatta koottaththaiyum kurikkirathu. thenninthiyaavin isai soozhnilaiyil aathikkam seluththiya isai nigazhchchigalin karuththin thoattram idhudhaan. vadivam. 1930kazhil ariyakudi ramanuja ayyankar uruvaakkiya kacherikkaana naveena vadivam, kadantha kaala ejamaanargalaal valangkappatta paarambariya karnaadaga isaiyin valamaana kalavaiyudan, kurippaaga thiyagarajar, muthusamy thikthar mattrum siama sastri aagiya karnaadaga isaiyin mutthirai, paarvaiyaalarkalin parantha mattrum maarupatta varambugalukku migavum poruththamaanathu; karnaadaga isaiyil podhumakkalin aarvatthaith thakkavaitthukkolla adhai neenda kaalaththirku mattumae maattruvathae idhan nokkamaaga irunththathu. naadagam mattrum naadagaththil ulla isai thazhuvalkalaik karuththil kondu inththa thoguppu uruvaakkappattathu. kacheriyin neenda maninerangkalukku paarvaiyaalarkalin kavanaththai eerkkum paadalkalin thoguppu mattrum menmaiyaana kuraludan paatakaraith thaerntheduppathu avasiyam endru karudhappattathu. kacheri vaniga reethiyaana pozhuthupoakku mattrum azhagiyalin thaevaiyaiyum poorthi seithathu. kacheriyin kaalam madarasin isai academyal 3 manii neram endru parinthuraikkappattathu. isai nigazhchchi oru varnaththudan thodangukirathu, idhu oru pandaiya isaikkalainarkalaal mulumaiyaakkappatta oru vadivamaagum, aenenil idhu paatakarukku oru nithaanamaana soozhalai uruvaakkiyathu, idhu parantha alavilaana isai amaippugalukku vazhivaguththathu. idhaith thodarnthu pala kiruththigal (isaik kalavaigal) mattrum raagangkal (mellisaigal) ullana. inththa kaatchi paarvaiyaalarkalin mananilaiyai eerththathu mattrum kalaignar urchaakaththudan nigazhchchiyai nadaththa uthaviyathu. paarambariya paadalkal pallavi (paadalin karupporul koadugal) moolam maerpaarvaiyidappatta samanilaiyaana thaalaththudan alappana endru azhaikkappadum mellisaiyin virivaana virivaakkatthaal munniruththappadugindrana. paadam (oru isai amaippu), jawali mattrum thaesiya karupporulgaludan koodiya paadalkal vazhangkuvathan moolam kacheri mudivadaigirathu, idhu paarvaiyaalarkalin kavanaththaiyum paaraattaiyum eerkkum. karnaadaga isaiyin kacheri podhuvaaga kural isaiyaagum. oru kacheriyil ulla soozhal "kattuppadutthappatta mattrum kanniyamaanathu", athae neraththil hindustani isaiyin kacheri vadivaththaik kurikkum "mehfil" vishayathil "sirappiyalbu kaividal" ullathu. inththa vadivaththil kachchaerigal sameeba kaalangalil migavum tiramaiyaana isaikkalainarkalai eerththullana, maelum kural isai, veenaigal, vayalin, pullaangkuzhal mattrum palavattril noottrukkanakkaana isaikkalainarkalai eedupaduththiyullana. kacheri isai vadivaththil, paadalkal naduththara mattrum vaekamaana vaekaththil vazhangkappadugindrana. idhu methuvaagavum migavum methuvaana vaekaththilum irukkum hindustani kacheriyudan oppidumpoathu, vazhangkuvathil paathi neram edukkum. iruppinum, isai nipunarkalin munnilaiyil nadaipettra thirumana varavaerpukalin oru paguthiyaaga 'kacheri' nigazhchchi isaikkalainarkalukku avarkalin isaik kazhanjiyam mattrum paadalkalin thazhuval thirankal mattrum isaiyin arivaattral aagiyavattrai vazhangkuvatharkaana vaaippai valangkukirathu. aththagaiya kachchaerigalil nigazhththappadum paadalkal oru kuripitta ragaththai munnilaippaduththukintrana, idhu oru nilaiyaana thaala suzharchiyil paadappadum varigalin thoguppaik konda mellisaiyin thanmaiyai paarvaiyaalarkalukku muraiyaagath therivikkirathu. paadalin ovvoru variyaiyum ivvaaru vazhangkuvathil, "chett suzharchiyin metrik kattamaippai" pinpattruvathan moolam vevvaeru thaala paanigalil oliparappu seiyappadugirathu. paadalkalin karupporul pala paadangkalai ulladakkiyathu. maelum, kachchaerigalin poathu, "kanagari" endru azhaikkappadum oru vilayaattu vilaiyaadappadukirathu, idhil oru paadalukkul maraikappatta oru porulaip purinthukolvatharkaana thupu moolam paarvaiyaalarkalukku savaalgal munvaikkappadugindrana. mattroru sawal ennaventraal, paththu thisaikalai kurikkum paththu raagangkal allathu mellisaigalai vazhangkuvathan moolam paarvaiyaalarkal endha raagam endha thisaiyai kurikkirathu enbathai adaiyaalam kandu kurippidumaaru kaetkappadugiraargal. idhu isaikkalainarin isaith thiranai eduththukkaattukirathu, idharkaaga avarukku vegumathi alikkappadukirathu.

kacheri karnataka sangeetam sandarbhamlo sangeetakaarulu mariyu prekshakula samavesam kacheri. idhi kacheri roopamlo pradarsinchabadutundi. vidvaamsulu mariyu saamaanya prajala sangeeta soubhraatrutvam kacheri vedikala vadda samavesamai vidvaanula shaastreeya sangeeta kachereelanu vintaayi. vyutpatti saastraparamgaa "kacheri" anae padam urdoo bhasha nundi udbhavinchindi mariyu hindeeloo nyayasthaanam anie ardham. gayakudu ariyakudi ramanuja ayyangar (1890-1967) karnataka sangeetamlo aadhunika "kacheri" (kacheri) sampradaayaalanu sthaapinchaaru. mahilaa kalakarulalo, emm.ell. vasantakumari mariyu dii.keey. pattammal kacheri samskrutini prothsahinchadamlo maargadarsakatvam vahinchaaru. atyanta pramukha gayakulalo gayakulalo atyunnata poura puraskaram bharat ratnanu andukunna modati mahilaa kalaakaarini emm. ess. subbulakshmi (1916-2004); aame kevalam 15 samvatsaraala vayassulo icchina thana modati kacheritho thana vruttini praarambhinchindi. idhi prekshakulu mariyu sangeeta vimarsakulalo pedda vijayanni saadhinchindi. charitra. karnataka sangeeta kacheri sandarbhamlo upayoginche "kacheri" anae padaaniki muulam hindhi bhasha padam "kacheri" gaa kooda undhi. karnataka sangeetaanni suuchimchadaaniki dheenini sweekarinchadam anedi prajalu samavesamayye prabhutva karyalayam, oka asthaanamgaa daani prarambha ardhamlo gurtinchabadindi. prastuta tamilanaduloni tanjaavuurulo maraataa paalana (1670-1800) samayamlo, eee kaalamlo, idhi raaju darbar ayinanduna, dheenini bahusha karnataka sangeetam yokka nighantuvulo sweekarinchaaru. idhi pratyaekamaina ledhaa maarumuula pradaesam kaadu, conny oka haall, rashtra vishayalanu parishkarinchadaaniki raaju prajalaku prekshakulani ichhe vedika. anni vargaala prajalu tama "aakaankshalanu, aandolanalanu" raaju mundu pradarsinche pradaesam kooda idhe. eee pradaesamloonae sangeetakaarulu tama sangeeta vijayaalanu raajula mundu pradarsinchaaru. aasthaanamlo ledhaa darbar loe jarige kaaryakramaala saaruupyata vallane pramukha sangeetakaarulu pradarsinche carnatic sangeeta soirlanu kacheri anie pilustaaru. idhi, gatha oka sataabdaaniki paiga, aksharala oka vedikanu soochinchadame kakunda, karnataka sangeetam yokka saamskrutika praamukhyatanu soochinche empika chesina samavesanni kooda suuchistumdi. dakshina bharatadesamloni sangeeta drushyamlo aadhipatyam chelaayinchina sangeeta kachereela bhavanaku idhi muulam. aakruti. aakruti ariyakudi ramanuja ayyangar roopondinchina kacheri yokka aadhunika aakruti, gatha masters andinchina saampradaaya karnataka sangeetam yokka goppa mishramtho, mukhyamgaa tyagaraja, muttuswamy deekshitar mariyu shyama shaastri vanti karnataka sangeetam yokka trimurtulu, prekshakula abhiruchulaku vistrutamaina mariyu vaividhyamaina swarasaptakaaniki baga saripothayi; karnataka sangeetamlo prajala aasaktini konasaaginchadaaniki dheenini taginanta kaalam cheyadame dheeni lakshyam. rangasthalam mariyu natakalalo sangeeta anusaranalanu drushtilo unchukuni eee pradarsanasaala roopondinchabadindi. kachereelo ekkuva gantalu prekshakula drushtini aakarshinche mruduvaina swaram mariyu paatala jaabitaato gayakudi empika chaalaa avasaramani bhaavinchaaru. vaanijya vinodam mariyu soundaryam yokka avasaranni kooda kacheri teerchindi. madrasu sangeeta academy kacheri vyavadhini 3 gantalu anie suuchimchimdi. eee kacheri varnamtho praarambhamavutundi, idhi puurvapu sangeethakaarulache paripuurnamaina roopam, idhi vistruta shreni sangeeta rachanalaku daariteese gayakudiki prasaantamaina vaataavaranaanni srushtinchindi. dheeni taruvaata aneka krutulu (sangeeta rachanalu) mariyu ragalu (sraavyamaina) untaayi. eee sannivesam prekshakula manasika sthithini uttejaparichindi mariyu pradarsanakaarudu utsaahamgaa pradarsananu chuudataaniki veelu kalpinchindi. shaastreeya paatalu pallavi (paata yokka nepathya panktulu) thoo samatulya layatho alapana anie piluvabade sraavyata yokka vistruta vistarana dwara mundumaatalo untaayi. prekshakula drushtini, prasamsalanu aakarshinche padam (sangeeta kuurpu), jawali, jaateeya itivruttaalato kuudina paatalanu andinchadamtho kacheri mugustundi. karnataka sangeetamlo oka kacheri saadhaaranamgaa swara sangeetam. kacheri vadda vaataavaranam "samyamanam mariyu gouravapradamainadi" ayithe hinduusthaanii sangeetam yokka kacheri aakrutini soochinche "mehfil" vishayamlo "vilakshanhamaina parityaagam" untundi. eee aakrutilo kaccherilu iteevali kaalamlo atyanta pratibhaavantulaina sangeetakaarulanu aakarshinchayi mariyu swara sangeetam, vyardhikaalu, violine, venuvu modalaina vaayidyakaarula shaililo vandalaadi mandhi sangeetakaarulanu kaligi unnaayi. kacheri sangeeta aakrutilo, paatalu madhya mariyu vegavantamaina vegamtho pradarsinchabadataayi. nemmadigaa mariyu chaalaa nemmadigaa unde hindusthaanii kachereetho poliste, idhi renderinglo sagam samayam padutundi. ayithe, sangeeta nipunula samakshamlo jarige vivaha receptionlalo bhaagamgaa 'kacheri' pradarsana sangeetakaarulaku vaari sangeeta pradarsanasaala mariyu kuurpula anusarana naipunhyaalanu mariyu sangeetampai panditya gnaanaanni pradarsinche avakaasaanni istundi. atuvanti kachereelalo paadina paatalu oka nirdishta raganni highlight chestaayi, idhi oka sthira laya chakramlo paadina panktula samitini kaligi unna sraavyata yokka swabhaavaanni prekshakulaku teliyajestundi. paatalooni prati panktini "sett saikil yokka metrik structure" kuu tagina kattubadi vividha layabaddhamaina sailulalo pradarsistaaru. paatala itivruttam aneka vishayalanu kaligi untundi. alaage, kacchereela samayamlo, "kanakari" anie piluvabade aata aadabadutundi, dheenilo oka paatalo daachina vastuvunu ardham chesukovadaniki oka clutho prekshakulaku savaallu visurutaaru. yea raagam yea disanu suuchistumdoe gurtinchamani, teliyajeyamani prekshakulu adige padhi disalanu soochinche padhi ragalu ledhaa sraavyamaina paatalanu pradarsinchadam maroka savaalu. idhi sangeetakaarudi sangeeta naipunyaanni highlight chestundi mariyu dheeni kosam ataniki bahumati ivvabadutundi.

kachri kachri karnatik mausiqi kay tanazar mein mausiqaron aur saamayin kii eek majlis hay. asay concert kii shakal mein paish kiyaa jaataa hay. maahir mausiqi aur aam logon kii mausiqi kii baradari wadwanon kay classici mausiqi kay concert sunnay kay liye kachri kay maqamat parr jamaa hoti hay. astalah "kachri" ardo zabaan say makhuz hay aur hindy mein iss kaa matlab adaalat qanoon hay. gulukaar aarihkodi ramanoja ayanagar (1890-1967) nay karnatik mausiqi mein jadeed "kachri" (concert) rawayaat qayem kein. khwatin funkaron mein ayem.eel. wasnat kamaari aur ddee.kay. patmal nay kachri saqafat kay farogh kaa aaghaz kiyaa. sabb say qaabil zakar gulukaron mein 1998 mein bhaarat ratan kaa sabb say badaa shehri aizaz haasil karnay waali pehli khaatun fankaar ayem. aiss. sabb balkashmi (1916-2004) vovo jiss nay apnay carrier kaa aaghaz sarf 15 saal kii amar mein dee gayee apnee pehli kachri say kiyaa thaa. yaha saamayin aur mausiqi kay naqdin kay darmiyan eek bury hutt thee. tareekh. karnatik music concert kay tanazar mein istemaal honay waala lafz "kachri" hindy zabaan kay lafz "kachheri" say bhee nikla hay. karnatik mausiqi kuu zahir karnay kay liye asay apnanay kaa saraag iss kay ibtadayi maanee say milta hay eek adaalat eek sarkaari daftar jehaan loag jamaa hotay haine. maujudah taamil naado kay tanjawar mein maratha hukmarani (1670-1800) kay doraan asay shayed karnatik mausiqi kay laghat mein apnaya gayaa thaa keunkah iss arsey kay doraan yaha baadshah kaa darbaar thaa. yaha koyee alaihdah yaa door daraaz jagah nahein thee balkah eek haal thaa eek aisa maqaam jehaan logon kuu baadshah kii taraf say riyasat kay muamilat kuu khatam karnay kay liye saamayin diyaa jaataa thaa. yaha wah jagah bhee thee jehaan zindagi kay tamaam shoabon say taaluq rakhnay waalay logon nay baadshah kay saamney apnee "khwahishaat aur khadshaat" paish kein. yaha wah jagah thee jehaan mausiqaron nay baadshahon kay saamney apnee mausiqi kii kamyabiyan paish kein. yaha asee maqaam parr honay waalay waaqiaat kii mushtarkiyat hay jehaan darbaar yaa darbaar hotaa hay kahh maruf mausiqaron kay zariah paish kardah karnatik musical suurii kuu kachri kahaa jaataa hay. yeah guzashta eek sadee say ziyadah arsey say naha sarf lafzi toor parr kasee maqaam kii numaindagi karnay kay liye jaana jaataa hay balkah yaha eek muntakhib ijtemaa kii bhee nishandahi kartaa hay juu karnatik mausiqi kii saqafati ahmiyat kuu zahir kartaa hay. yaha mausiqi kay concerts kay tasavur kii ibtada hay jiss nay janubi hindustan kay mausiqi kay manzar naamay parr ghalbah haasil kiyaa hay. shakal. 1930 kii dahayi mein aarihkodi ramanoja ayanagar kay zariah tasavur kardah kachri kay jadeed formate mein rawayati karnatik mausiqi kaa bharpur imtazaaj thaa juu maazi kay masters nay paish kiyaa thaa khaas toor parr tayagaraj mathuswami dakshtar aur shiyama shastri kii karnatik mausiqi kii taslis saamayin kay wasee aur matnua zaiqon kay liye behtareen mozon thee. maqsad yaha thaa kahh asay karnatik mausiqi mein awaam kii dilchaspi kuu barqarar rakhnay kay liye kaafi taweel banaya jaaye. theater aur dramay mein mausiqi kii mawafiqat kuu madnazar rakhtay hoay iss zakhiray kaa tasavur kiyaa gayaa thaa. eek halki aawaz aur gaanon kay zakhiray kay saath gulukaar kaa intekhaab juu concert kay lambay auqaat takk saamayin kii taujah apnee taraf matujah karay zaruri samjha jaataa thaa. kachri nay tajarti tafrih aur jamaliyat kii zarurat kuu bhee poraa kiyaa. madarse kii musical academy nay kachri kii madat 3 ghantay muqarar kii thee. concert kaa aaghaz warnam say hotaa hay juu eek aisi shakal hay jasay qadeem door kay mausiqaron nay makmal kiyaa hay keunkah iss say gulukaar kay liye eek perscon maahul paida hotaa hay jiss kii wajah say mausiqi kii compositions kaa eek wasee silsilah sharoo hotaa hay. iss kay baad behat see kareetein (mausiqi kii composition) aur raag (dhann) aatee haine. iss tartib nay saamayin kay mazaaj kuu mutasir kiyaa aur adakaar kuu josh woo kharoosh kay saath karkardgi say guzarnay kay qaabil banaya. classici gaanon kuu alpan naami raag kii eek tausia shadah wazahat say paish kiyaa jaataa hay jiss mein matwazan taal kay saath palwi (gaaney kii mozuati linein) hoti haine. concert kaa ikhtatam padam (eek mausiqi kii tarkib)yee jawali aur qomi mozuaat kay saath gaanon kii paishkash kay saath hotaa hay juu saamayin kii taujah aur tareef kuu barqarar rakhein gay. karnatik mausiqi kii kachri aam toor parr suutee mausiqi kii hoti hay. kachri kaa maahul "manzam aur bawaqar" hotaa hay jabkah "mahfil" kay muamile mein juu kahh hindustani mausiqi kay concert formate kii numaindagi kartaa hay "khaas turk" hotaa hay. iss shakal mein kachdiyon nay haaliyah dunon mein intehayi basalahiyat mausiqaron kuu apnee taraf matujah kiyaa hay aur iss mein suutee mausiqi kii sanaf kay sainkadon mausiqar virotica wilen bansari waghairah bajanay waalay saaz shaamil haine. kachri mausiqi kii shakal mein gaaney darmiyani aur teez raftaar mein paish kiye jaatay haine. yaha hindy concert kay muqabilay mein hay juu sast aur behat sast raftaar mein hay paishkash mein taqriba aadha waqat lagtaa hay. tahim 'kachri' kii performans mausiqi kay mahireen kii maujudgi mein munaqidah shaadi kay isteqbaliya kaa eek hasah hay juu mausiqaron kuu apnay mausiqi kay zakhiray aur composition kii mawafiqat kii maharat aur mausiqi kay maahir alam kuu paish karnay kaa moqaa farahim karti hay. iss tarah kii kachdiyon mein paish kiye gayey gaaney eek khaas raag kuu ajagar kartay haine juu saamayin kuu raag kii noiyat say aagah kartay haine jiss mein eek muqarrah taal kay chakar mein gaaye jaanay waali linon kaa eek majmuah hotaa hay. gaaney kii harr line kuu iss tarah paish karnay mein "seet cycle kay metrik dahanchay" kii munasib pabandi kay saath mukhtalif taal kay andaaz mein paish kiyaa jaataa hay. gaanon kaa mozua behat say mozuaat parr maheet hay. neez kachdiyon kay doraan "kankari" kay naam say jaana jaanay waala eek kheel kheela jaataa hay jiss mein saamayin kuu eek gaaney kay andar chhapayi gayee cheez kuu samajhne kay liye eek asharah kay saath challenges paish kiye jaatay haine. eek aur challenge duss raagon yaa dhanon kuu paish karnaa hay juu duss samaton kii alaamat haine jinn kii saamayin say shanakhat karnay aur yaha batanay kay liye kahaa jaataa hay kahh coone saa raag kiss samat kii numaindagi kartaa hay. yaha mausiqar kii mausiqi kii maharat kuu ajagar kartaa hay aur iss kay liye asay anaam diyaa jaataa hay.

00015ede0f8c90c86bedbe044f335cfc1ef7055a30ca2b69aea671ab55062a6e

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1782339

Methley

Methley Village in West Yorkshire, England Methley is a dispersed village in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough, south east of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It is located near Rothwell, Oulton, Woodlesford, Mickletown and Allerton Bywater. The Leeds City Ward is called Kippax and Methley. It is within the triangle formed by Leeds, Castleford and Wakefield, and between the confluence of the River Aire and River Calder. The latter is crossed by Methley Bridge, the A639 road, (grid reference ) about a mile south-east of the village. Location and history. Today, the village is often described in terms of the area around Church Lane, Main Street and Pinfold Lane. However, the buildings on these streets largely date from the 20th century – and this area does not represent the original geographical centre of the village. The original village was established near to Saint Oswald's Church, and in particular along Church Side. This is reflected in the 17th- and 18th-century buildings along Churchside and parts of Watergate. The village has a history of coal mining. At one stage there were five mines in operation in the village – "Savile Colliery", "Methley Junction", "Foxholes" (Scholey Hill), "Newmarket", and "Newmarket Silkstone". The last pit ("Saville Colliery") closed in the mid-1980s. Part of the village (the area south and west of the M62 motorway) was ceded to the City of Wakefield Metropolitan district council in the 1990s. This area, which includes the hamlets of Newmarket and Scholey Hill, was subject to a planning dispute regarding an industrial and leisure development as villagers feared increased traffic levels – particularly along the A642, B6135 (Newmarket Lane and Watergate), Park Lane and Churchside. Eric Pickles, the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government approved the development on 21 June 2012. The new stadium for Wakefield Trinity Wildcats Rugby league club will form part of the development and should be completed by 2015. Methley was in the wapentake of Agbrigg in the West Riding of Yorkshire in 1086. Methley was surveyed by the Tudor cartographer, Christopher Saxton, author of the first atlas of England (1577). However, the map is now lost. Buildings. Methley Hall. Methley Hall was the former seat of the Earl of Mexborough. During the fourteenth century the de Waterton family married into the de Methley family and moved to Methley Hall, a large, imposing and solid castellated building, mostly spread over three storeys rising to four by the turreted entrance. An eighteenth century watercolour shows a great hall with a minstrels gallery and grand staircase, decorated and embossed ceiling with a full-length oriel window. Young Richard Plantagenet, Richard of York, lived here from the ages of four to twelve, with Waterton's family until 1423 when national events changed things. Robert Waterton was the custodian of Richard II whilst constable of Pontefract Castle from 1399 and later gaoler of James I of Scotland. He was esquire to Henry Bolingbroke, the future Henry IV. The seat at Methley Hall was conferred in 1410 to Robert's brother John Waterton. The Hall, which featured in a 1907 edition of "Country Life", was demolished in 1964, although the Mexborough Estate are still significant landowners in the district. Queen Mary (Mary of Teck), consort of H. M. King George V, visited the village in 1935 and stayed at the Hall as a guest of the Earl. Titus Salt leased Methley Hall from the Earl of Mexborough between 1856 and 1865 according to Salt's biographer Balgarnie. Church. The parish church Saint Oswald's is a 12th century Grade I listed building which had a spire from the mid-18th century to 1937. The spire became unsafe and was dismantled. The Castleford-born artist Henry Moore was a frequent visitor to the church. Nikolaus Pevsner documented the church and Methley Hall as part of his "Buildings of England" series in the late 1950s. Alan Bennett visited the church in December 1998 as mentioned in his collection of writings "Untold Stories" (2005), a visit which was filmed as part of a special "The South Bank Show" charting the writer's early life. "Fatty Cake" School House. The Old Pinder Green school house is a Grade II listed building dating from 1637 at the junction of Watergate and the main Leeds to Pontefract Road. The school closed in 1881 and became a private residence, now known as the Fatty Cake School House. Railway. Methley was once served by three railway stations: Methley North (closed 1957); Methley Junction (closed 1943); and Methley South (closed 1960). The original railway line through the village was built by the North Midland Railway in 1840 as part of the Derby to Leeds main line. This route now forms part of the Hallam (Leeds – Sheffield) and Pontefract Lines. The proposed route of the Birmingham to Leeds HS2 rail line would have passed to the west of the village between Scholey Hill, Clumpcliffe and Lemonroyd Lock, where it would have curved west at that point to take trains into Leeds city centre via Woodlesford. The line has now been axed and will not happen. Second World War POW camp. Methley was the site of a German POW camp during the Second World War. The camp was located on the north side of Park Lane near to The Lodge. The foundations of the POW huts are still visible on close inspection. POWs were used as agricultural labourers on the Mexborough Estate as many villagers had been recruited into the armed forces. The POWs were invited to perform Stille Nacht, Heilige Nacht (Silent Night) in German during a Christmas Eve service at St Oswald's Church – an event still remembered by some villagers. The BBC Inside Out programme (5 December 2011) reported that Artur Braun, one of the inmates of the POW camp, produced a large painting (size 8 ft x 8 ft) entitled 'Our Lady of the ruins' during the winter of 1944–45. It featured the Madonna with child in a ruined city surrounded by desperate people appealing to God for protection from war. The painting is believed to depict the artist's wife (as the Madonna) in the ruins of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau in Baden-Württemberg, (Germany) (the painting clearly shows Freiburg Munster in the background). Braun may have produced the painting after hearing of the death of his wife during an allied air raid on Freiburg im Breisgau (Braun's home town) during November 1944. For many years the painting was owned by a convent in Lancashire, then was sold at auction in 1997. Local points of interest. The Yorkshire Imperial Band, formerly the Yorkshire Imperial Copperworks Band, used to rehearse in the village. The band, who have won the Champions of Great Britain title and three British Open titles, is one of the country's foremost brass bands and have produced recordings and performed concerts on the BBC. The composer Edward Elgar was friends with the former owner (Mr. Embleton) of 'The Cedars' – now a residential home – and often stayed in the village. Nick Hodgson, drummer of the Leeds band the Kaiser Chiefs, has family connections with the village. The band officially opened the new village primary school on 16 January 2006. Other notable residents of the village have included Rugby league players Brian Lockwood, Dean Mountain, Daryl Powell, Ben Crooks, Kelvin Skerrett, Joe Arundel and footballer Paul Rickers. Each year the village holds a Scarecrow Festival, a competition in which residents take part. Methley Cricket Club won the Village Cup national competition at Lord's, in 1998. Yorkshire and Worcestershire player Matthew Waite, has represented Methley C.C. Methley United A.F.C. (formerly "Methley United JFC") are the local football club. The original village football club was Methley Perseverance F.C. Methley Welfare F.C. and Methley Rangers F.C. are also now defunct village clubs. United were formed in 2002 for local juniors to play football in the village and the club in 2021, now have a staggering 29 teams, made up of junior teams (U5s-u18s), alongside a male vets team and ladies team. The club are one of the fastest growing football clubs in the country. Methley Warriors A.R.L.F.C and Methley Royals R.L.F.C., are the village Rugby League teams. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> External links. Media related to at Wikimedia Commons

metholi methole hoise englandor poschim yorkoswayaror lidsor dokhyin-pubor leads mohanogori nogoror ekhon bikhyipto gaau. ee rothwel, olton, woodlesford, michlettown aaru elerton baiwataror usorot owosthito. leads chiti wardok keypex aaru methole buli kuwa hoy. ee lead, caselford aaru wakefieldor dwara gothito tribhujor bhitorot aaru er nodee aaru nodir culder xongomor maajot owosthito. pisortu gaonr pray ek maail dokhyin-pubo dixot metholi dolong, a639 poth, ()-ror dwara paar hoy. sthan aaru itihax. aaji, gaukhonok praye girjar lena, mukhyo poth aaru pinfold lenor sariufale thoka elekar poraa bornona koraa hoy. obosye, ei rastaburor ottalikabur mulotoh 20 xotikar-aaru ei oncholtuwe gaukhonor mool bhougulik kendrok protinidhitwo nokore. mool gaukhon saint oh 'sowaldor girjar usorot, bixexkoi girjar kaxot sthapon koraa hoisil. girjar kaxor 17xo aaru 18xo xotikar ottalikaxomuh aaru watergator kichu ongxot eitu protipholito hoy. gaukhonor koyola khononor ek itihax aase. etaa porzayot gaont pasta khoni soli aasil-"rukhyo koyola khoni", "metholi jongson", "foxhol" (sko 'ley paahar), "newmarket", aaru "newmarket resmostun". 1980-ror doxokor majbhagot xexortu gaat ("sebhil kuliyari") bondho koraa hoisil. 1990-ror doxokot gaukhonor kichu ongxo ongxo motorower dokhyin aaru poschim onchol) wakefield metro 'polytan jilaa porixodor haatot diya hoisil. newmarket aaru sko 'ley paharor bostixomuh ontorbhukto thoka ei oncholtu oudyugik aaru oboxor bikaxor xondorbhot ek porikolpona bibador bixoy aasil kiyonu gaonbaxiye zaan-jotor stor briddhir axongka korisil-bixexkoi e642, e642 (newmarket lena aaru watergate), park lena aaru girjar kaxot. xomproday aaru sthaniyo sorkaror rajyik xosibo irik aasare 2012 sonor 21 junot unnoyonot onumudon jonaisil. wakefield trinity wildcates ragbi leeg clubber baabe notun stadiumtu unnoyonor ongxo hoh 'bob aaru 2015 sonor bhitorot xompurno hoh' bob lagibo. metholi 1086 sonot iyorkoswayaror poschim ridingor egbrigor wepentekot aasil. metholir uporot tuder manchitrograhok, englandor prothom etlax (1577) ror lekhok christ 'faar sectone joreep korisil. obosye, manchitrotu etiya herai goise. ottalikaxomuh. metholi holl. metholi holl aasil maxborur aarlor purbor aaxon. soturdox xotikat di waterton poriyale di methole poriyalot bibahpaxot aabodho hoisil aaru methole hololoi sthanantorito hoisil, jitu etaa dangor, sittakorxok aaru kothin kestelet koraa ottalika, besibhagei tini moholiya bistrito hoi torrated probexdwaror dwara chaari moholoi briddhi paisil. ostadox xotikar etaa jolorongor ronge etaa brihot holl dekhuway zo 'too etaa minstrel gallery aaru bixal chiri aase, jikhon xompurno doirghyor oreal wind' ror xoite xojuwa aaru embox koraa saad. iyorkor rechard juwo rechard plantagenate iyat sarir poraa baar bosor boyoxor poraa watertonor poriyalor xoite 1423 sonoloike baax korisil, jetiya rastriyo ghotonaxomuhe bostubur xoloni korisil. robert waterton 1399 sonor poo 'notefrect kesolor constable huwar xomoyot rechard dwitiyor rokhyok aasil aaru pisoloi scotlandor james prothomor go' lor aasil. teu bhobisyotor henori henori henori bollingbrokor usorot preron korisil. metholi holor aaxontu 1410 sonot robertor bhatri john watertonok prodan koraa hoisil. 1907 sonot "country life" ror xongoskoronot prodorxito ei holkhon 1964 sonot dhongxo koraa hoisil, jodiu maxboru istet etiyau jilakhonor guruttopurno bhumir maalik. quin meree (meree owo tek), eis-ror potni. em. 1935 sonot roja ponchom jorjoi gaukhon bhromon korisil aaru aarlor otithi hisape holkhonot aasil. nimkhor jiwonikari balgarnir mote titus solte 1856 sonor poraa 1865 sonor bhitorot maxborur aarlor poraa metholi holl ijora disil. girja. paris girja saint oh 'sowalds hoise dwadox xotikar prothom shrenir talikabhukto ottalika zo' too 18 xotikar majbhagor poraa 1937 sonoloike etaa sura aasil. suratu oxurokhito hoi porisil aaru bhangi peluwa hoisil. caselfordot jonmogrohon koraa xilpi henori mur girjaloi xoghonai ohaa-juwa korisil. nikulaus pebhsonare 1950-ror doxokor xexor faale girja aaru metholi holok teur "englandor ottalika" sringkholar ongxo hisape nothibhukto korisil. elaan benetoi 1998 sonor disembor maahot girja bhromon korisil, jene teur "ontold sto 'reej" (2005) ror lekhaxomuhor xongrohtut ullekh koraa hoise, jikhon bhromon lekhokgorakir prarombhik jiwanor talika prostut koraa ek bixex "dyo sauth benk swo" ror ongxo hisape sitrogrohon koraa hoisil. "sorbir kek" schoolor ghor. puroni pinder green skool house hoise 1637 sonor poraa watergator jongsonot thoka dwitiyo shrenir talikabhukto ottalika aaru mukhyo lidor poo 'notefrect road. bidyaloikhon 1881 sonot bondho hoi ek byoktigoto baxosthan hoi porisil, jaak etiya feti kek skool house buli jonaa yaay. rey "lopoth. metholir exomoyot tinita rey "lowe stationor dwara xewa aagborhaisiloh metholi northo (bondho 1957); metholi jongson (bondho 1943); aaru metholi sauth (bondho 1960). gaonr maajere mool rey "lopothtu 1840 sonot uttor midland rey" lowe darbir poraa lidor mukhyo lineor ongxo hisape nirman korisil. ei pothtuwe etiya halam (lead-swefield) aaru poo 'notefrect lineor ongxo gothon kore. birminghamor leads eis. ess. 2 rey "lo lineor prostawito pothkhon sko 'ley paahar, clumpcliffe aaru lemonroid lokor maajot gaukhonor poschimoloi paar hoi goisil, zo" too woodlesfordor maajere leads sohoror kendroloi rey "lo loi juwar baabe xei xomoyot ee poschim dixot beka aasil. rekhatu etiya kaati diya hoise aaru noho "bob. dwitiyo biswojudhor pu kemp. dwitiyo biswojudhor xomoyot metholi ekhon german paau kempor sthan aasil. xibirtu lo 'jor usorot park lenor uttor faale owosthito aasil. nibirh porjyobekhyonor xomoyot pu kuwoliburor bheti etiyau drishyoman. maxboru istetot krixi sromik hisape puwa goisil kiyonu bohutu gaonbaxiye xoxostro bahineet nijukti laabh korisil. saint oh "sowald girjat khristomasor purbor xewar xomoyot german bhaxat still nust, hailige nust (nirob nixa) poriwexon koriboloi puwaburok aamontron jonuwa hoisil-eitu etaa onusthan ji etiyau kisuman gaonbaxiye monot rakhise. bibisi inside out progrem (5 disembor 2011)-e prokax korisil je paau kempor bondixokolor bhitorot ejon artur braune 1944-45-ror xitkalot 'owaar leady owo dyo rejures' xirxok ekhon dangor chitro (aakar 8 fut x 8 fut) prostut korisil. iyat hotax lukoxokole aaguri thoka ekhon dhongxoprapto sohorot xixur xoite medunak juddhor poraa xurokhyar baabe isworok aabedon koraa dekha goisil. ei sitrokhonot beden-wrttemberg (germany) ror freiberg imm breisgau sohoror dhongxawoxexot xilpigorakir potnik (meduna hisape) sitrito koraa hoise buli biswax koraa hoy (sitrokhonot potobhumit freiberg manster spostobhabe dekhuuwa hoise). 1944 sonor novembor maahot freiberg imm breisau (braunor griho sohor) too mitroxoktir biman aakromonor xomoyot teur potnir mrityur kotha xuni braune hoyotu ei sitrokhon prostut korisil. bohu bosor dhori ei sitrokhon lankaswayaror etaa conventor malikanadhin aasil, taar pisot 1997 sonot nilamot bikri koraa hoisil. sthaniyo aakorxoniyo sthanxomuh. iyorkoswayar imperial bendo, purbote iyorkoswayar imperial coperworks bende, gaont onuxilon korisil. great britain khitap aaru tinita britis open khitapor champion bijoyi bendtu hoise dexor onyotomo aagxarir brach bendo aaru bibisito recording prostut korise aaru xongitanusthan prodorxon korise. xurkar edward elgaror prakton malikjonor (mii. debodaru' ror protik)-bortoman etaa awaxik ghor-aaru praye gaont thaake. keijar prodhanxokolor leads bendor drummer nik hojsonor gaukhonor xoite paribarik xomporko aase. bende 2006 sonor 16 januaryt anusthanikbhabe notun gaonr prathomik bidyaloy mukoli korisil. gaukhonor onyanyo ullekhjugyo baxindaxokolor bhitorot ragbi leegor kheluwoi briyan lockood, dinn mountain, deryl pawel, benn crooks, kelvin skeret, ju arundel aaru football kheluwoi poll rikars ontorbhukto aasil. proti bosore gaukhonot ek scareokro 'utxob onusthito hoy, zo "too baxindaxokole ongxogrohon kore. metholi cricket clube 1998 sonot lordsot onusthito gramyo kaap rastriyo protijugitat joylabh korisil. iyorkoswayar aaru warchesterswayar kheluwoi methou weite metholi chi-koo protinidhitwo korisil.chi. methole united e.ef.chi. (purbote "methole united je. ef. chi") hoise sthaniyo football club. mool gramyo football club aasil metholi persiaverance ef.chi.. metholi welfare ef.chi. aaru metholi rangers ef.chi. etiya bilupto hoi poraa gramyo clubxomuhou aase. 2002 sonot sthaniyo juniyorxokole gaukhonot football kheliboloi united gothon koraa hoisil aaru 2021 sonot clubtut ekhon purux poxu sikitsok doll aaru mohila dolor logote ekhon konistho doll (U5s-U18s) rey gothito 29taa doll aase. clubtu dexor drutogotit bikax laabh koraa football klabxomuhor bhitorot onyotomo. metholi juddha e.aar.el.ef.chi aaru metholi royels aar.el.ef.chi., hoh 'lo gramyo ragbi leegor dolxomuh.

methley methley englander poschim earkshire leadser dakkhin-purbe leads metropoliton boro shohorer ekti bikkhipto grama. etty rothwell, olton, udlesford, micklettown ebong allerton biwater kachhe abosthito. leads city wardke keypux ebong methley bolla hoy. etty lida, cassleford ebong wakefield dwara gothito trivujer modhye ebong aire nodee ebong nodee culder sangamsthaler modhye abosthito. porerti grama theke pray eka myle dakkhin-purbe methley setu, a639 rasta, () dwara atikram koraa hoy. abosthan oo itihas. aaz, gramti prayashai girjar leena, prodhan rasta ebong pinfold lener ashepasher elakar poriprekkhite bornona koraa hoy. tobey, eyi rastagulir bhabanguli mulat 20 shotoker-ebong eyi anchalti gramer mool bhougolik kendroke protinidhitto korey naa. mool gramti seenta oswalder girjar kachhe ebong biseshoto girjar paashe protisthito hoyechilo. etty girjar paashe ebong watergater kichhu ongshe 17shha oo 18shha shatabdir bhabangulite protifolito hoy. eyi gramer koyla khanir itihas royeche. eka porjaye grame panchti khoni chhilo-"suswadu koyla khoni", "methley jongshon", "foxhole" (sholey pahad), "newmarket" ebong "newmarket silkstone". shesh gortoti ("saville kaliyari") 1980-err doshoker majhamajhi somoye bondho hoye yaay. 1990-err doshke gramer ekti ongsho ongsho motorwear dakkhin oo poschim anchal) wakefield metropoliton zela counciler kachhe hastantar koraa hoy. eyi anchal, jaar modhye newmarket ebong scholey pahader gramguli antarbhukta, ekti shilp oo abosar unnayan somporkito porikolponar birodher vishay chhilo kaaron grambasira trafiker matra briddhir ashanka korechilo-biseshoto ayee642, ayee642 (newmarket leena ebong watergate), park leena ebong girjar paashe. 21shhey june 2012-ayee erik achar, sampradai ebong sthaniya sarkarer sachib eyi unnayan anumodan corren. wakefield trinity wildcats ragbi leeg cluber jonno notun stadiumti unnoyoner ongsho hobey ebong 2015 saaler modhye somponno koraa uchito. methley 1086 saale earkshire poschim ridingye agbrigger wappenteke chhilen. mythley tudor manchitrokar, englander prothom atluser (1577) lekhok christopher sacton dwara jorip koraa hoyechilo. tobey, manchitroti ekhon hariye geche. bhobon. methley holl. methley holl chhilo mexbaro arler praktan asson. chaturdash shotabdite dii waterton poribar dii methley poribare bibah bondhone aboddho hoy ebong methley holey choley aase, ekti borh, chittakarshak ebong shokto castelzukto bhobon, jaa beshirbhagi burujjukto probeshdwarer dwara chaar tolaa porjonto bistrito. ashtadash shatabdir ekti joloronge ekti borh holl royeche jekhane ekti minstrail gallery ebong bishal sindi royeche, ekti purno doirghyer oreal windo soho sajjito ebong embs koraa chhaad royeche. iyarker richarda torun richarda plantagenate 1423 saal porjonto watertoner poribarer saathe chaar theke barro bochor boyce porjonto ekhane bosobas korten, jokhon jatiya ghotonaguli sabkichu bodole deyo. robbert waterton 1399 saal theke pontefract casseler constable thakakalin dwitiya richarder tottabodhayok chhilen ebong porey scotlander james prothom-err gaular chhilen. tini bhabishyater henry choturtho henry bollingbroker kachhe giechilen. 1410 khristabde robarter bhai john watertonke methley holer asonti pradan koraa hoy. 1907 saaler "country life"-err sangaskarane prodorshito holti 1964 saale venge fela hoy, jodio mexboro esteta ekhono jelara ullekhjoggo jomir malik. quin merry (merry off teeka), eich-err stree. emm. raja pancham george 1935 saale gramti poridorshon corren ebong arler atithi hisabe holey abosthan corren. loboner jeebonikar balgarnir motey, titus solt 1856 theke 1865 saaler modhye earl off mexboro theke methley holl izara deyo. girja. pyarisha church seenta oswalds holl 12shha shatabdir 1maum shrenir talikabhukto ekti bhobon jaar 18shha shatabdir majhamajhi theke 1937 saal porjonto ekti chuda chhilo. chudati anirapada hoye porey ebong venge fela hoy. casolforde jonmogrohonkari shilpi henry moor girja ghono ghono asen. nicolaus pevsner 1950-err doshoker shesher dike taanr "bilding off ingland" sirijer ongsho hisabe girja ebong methley holl nothibhukto korechilen. allan bennet 1998 saaler decembere girja poridorshon corren, jemonti taanr "onokaho golpo" (2005) lekhar sangrahe ullekh koraa hoyeche, ekti sofor jaa lekhoker prathomik jeeboner talika toiri korey ekti bishesh "dya south bank shoe"-err ongsho hisabe chitrayit hoyechilo. "fatty keeka" school house. old pinder grin school housety 1637 saal theke watergate ebong prodhan leads theke pontefract roader sangjogsthale ekti dwitiya grader talikabhukto bhobon. vidyalayati 1881 saale bondho hoye yaay ebong ekti byaktigato abashsthole porinoto hoy, jaa ekhon fatty keeka school house naame porichito. railpoth. methole eksamoy tinti rail steshana dwara poribeshon koraa hotoh methole uttor (bondho 1957); methole jongshon (bondho 1943); ebong methole dakkhin (bondho 1960). gramer modhyo diye mool railpothti 1840 saale uttor madhyabhumi railpoth dwara darby theke lida prodhan liner ongsho hisabe nirmito hoyechilo. eyi pothti ekhon holam (lida-shafield) ebong pontefract liner ongsho. birminghamer prostabito rasta theke lida lida rail line gramer poschime scholey pahad, clumpcliffe ebong lemonroid loker modhye diye jete paroto, jekhane trainguli udlesford hoye lida shohorer kendre niye yawar jonno etty seii somoye poschim dike bankano thakat. linety ekhon ketey deoa hoyeche ebong taa hobey naa. dwitiya bishwojuddher pau camp. dwitiya bishwojuddher somoy methley ekti german pau camper sthan chhilo. campty lojtir kachhe park lener uttor dike abosthito chhilo. nibid poridorshone ekhono pau kundeghar vitti drishyoman. mexboro estater krishi shromik hisabe ghudi byabohar koraa hoto kaaron onek grambasike soshostro bahinite niyog koraa hoyechilo. seenta oswalder girja chrismuser prakkale ekti anusthaner somoy german bhasay still nutch, heilige nutch (nirab raat) korar jonno ghunshigulike amantran janano hoyechilo-ekti ghotona jaa ekhono kichhu grambasider money achhe. bibisir inside out programa (5 december 2011) janiyeche jey, pau camper onnotomo bondee artur bron 1944-45-err shitkale 'awar lady off dya reijuence' shironame ekti borh chitro (akaar 8 foot x 8 foot) toiri korechilen. etey juddho theke surakkhar jonno issorer kachhe abedonkari moria lokder dwara beshtito ekti dhongsoprapto shohore shishur saathe madonake dekhano hoyechilo. eyi chitrokormoti germanyr baden-urtemberger freiburg eam breissau shohorer dhongshaboshesher shilpir streeke (madona hisabe) chitrito korey boley money koraa hoy (chitrokormoti sposhtobhabe freiburg mansterke potobhumite dekhay). 1944 saaler novembore fryberg eam breisaute (broner niz shohor) ekti mitro biman abhijaner somoy taar strir mrityur khobor shonara porr bron hoyto eyi chitrokormoti toiri korechilen. bohu bochor dhorey eyi chitrokormoti lancashire ekti conventer malikanadhin chhilo, tarpor 1997 saale nilame bikri hoyechilo. sthaniya agroher sthan. earkshire imperial banned, purbe earkshire imperial copperworks banned, grame mahada dito. greta brittener shiropa ebong tinti british open khetab joyee bandti desher onnotomo shirshosthaniyo brass banned ebong bibisite recording ebong concert koreche. surkar edward elgar praktan maliker (mii. debdar'-err protik)-ekhon ekti abasik baadi-ebong prayashai grame thakat. lida banned dya kaizar prodhander drummer nick hojsoner gramer saathe paribarik sangjog royeche. bandti anusthanikbhabe 16ee januari 2006 saale gramer notun prathomik vidyalayati khole. gramer anyanno ullekhjoggo basindader modhye ragbi leager kheload bryan lockood, dinn mountain, daryl pawel, beena crooks, kelvin skeret, jooe arundel ebong football kheload poll rickers antarbhukta. proti bochor grame ekti bhayankar kaak utsab onusthito hoy, ekti protijogita jekhane basindara ongsho neyo. 1998 saale lordsey onusthito grama cup jatiya protijogitai methley cricket club joylav korey. earkshire ebong worcestershire kheload matheau weit methley shee-err protinidhitto korechen.shee. methley united ayee.eff.shee. (purbe "methley united jeey. eff. shee") holl sthaniya football club. mool grama football club chhilo methley persiverance eff.shee.. methley welfare eff.shee. ebong methley rangers eff.shee. ekhon grama clubgulio bilupto hoye geche. 2002 saale sthaniya juniyarder grame football khelar jonno united gathon koraa hoyechilo ebong 2021 saale klabtite ekhon ekti purush poshuchikitsok doll ebong mohila doler pashapashi junior doll doll niye gothito 29tii doll royeche. clubti desher drutotomo kromobordhoman football clubgulir modhye ekti. methley oyariyarsa ayee.arr.ell.eff.shee ebong methley royals arr.ell.eff.shee., holl gramer ragbi leeg doll.

methali methali aee englandnaa vesta yorkshirena leads metropolitana baroo shaherma aavelu aek vikheraayelu gaam chhe. teey rothwell, olton, woodsford, micklettown aneey ellerton bivotor najik stheet chhe. leads ciity wardne keypacks aneey methali kahevama aave chhe. teey leads, casalford aneey wakefield dwara rachaayela trikonni andar aneey nadee air aneey nadeena caldernaa sangam vachche chhe. baadmaa methali pull dwara paar karvaamaa aave chhe, jeey aee639 rooad chhe, () gaamthee lagbhag aek mile dakshin-purvamaa chhe. sthaan aneey itihas. aaje, gaamnu varnan ghanivaar churchnee galee, mukhya sheree aneey pinfold lennee aaspasna vistaarni drashtiae karvaamaa aave chhe. jooe keey, aaa shereeo parnee imaarato motaabhaage motaabhaage sadeeni chhe-aneey aaa vistaar gaamnaa mool bhaugolik kendranu pratinidhitva karatu nathee. mool gaamnee sthaapnaa sant oswaldna churchnee najik aneey khaas kareene churchnee bajuma karvaamaa aavee hatee. aaa churchnee bajuma aneey watergatena bhagoma bhagoma aneey jemaa sadeeni imaaratomaa pratibimbit thaay chhe. aaa gaam kolsaanaa khaankaamno itihas dharaave chhe. aek tabakke gaammaan paanch khaano kaaryarat hatee-"swaadisht koleri", "methali junction", "foxholes" (scholey hill), "newmarket" aneey "newmarket silkstone". chhello khaado ("seville koleri") koleri") daykana madhyamaa bundh thayo hato. gaamno aek bhaag bhaag motorwayna dakshin aneey pashchim vistaar) vistaar) daykama wakefield metropolitana district councilne sonpavama aavyo hato. aaa vistaar, jemaa newmarket aneey scholey tekrinaa gaamadaono samaavesh thaay chhe, teey audhyogik aneey manoranjanna vikasne lagata aayojan vivaadne aadheen hato kaaran keey gaamlokone trafficna starmaa vadhaaro thavaano darr hato-khaas kareene aee642, aee642 (newmarket leena aneey watergate), paark leena aneey churchnee bajuma. erick athaanaa, samudaayo aneey sthaaneek sarkaarnaa raajy sachivae 21 juuna juuna roj vikasne manjuri aapee hatee. wakefield triiniity wildcates rugby leag club maatenu navoo stadium vikasno bhaag banashe aneey 2015 sudhimaa purn thavu joiae. methali methali yorkshirena pashchimma aegbrigna vepentekmaa hataa. methaleenu sarvekshan tudor nakshaakaar, christopher sexton, englandnaa pratham etlas (1577) naa lekhak dwara karvaamaa aavyu hatoo. joke, naksho havey khovai gayo chhe. imaarato. methali holl. methali holl aee maxburona earlney agaauni bethak hatee. chaudami sadee darmiyan dii waterton parivaare dii methali parivaarmaa lagna karyaa aneey methali holamaa rahevaa gayaa, jeey aek vishaal, prabhavshali aneey nakkar castellated imaarat hatee, jeey mote bhaage trana maalmaan felaayelee hatee, jeey turrett karelaa praveshdwaar dwara chaar sudhee vadhee hatee. adhaarmee sadeeno jala rung aek vishaal holl darshaave chhe jemaa aek minstral gallery aneey bhavya seedee chhe, jeey sampoorn lambaaini oreal vindo saathe sushobhit aneey ubhelee chhat chhe. yorknaa richard yuvan richard plantagenate, chaarthi baar varshnee umarthi watertonnaa parivaar saathe 1423 sudhee aheen raheta hataa, jyaare raashtriy ghatanaoae vastuo badalee naakhi. roobert waterton waterton pontefract keellana constable tareeke richard bijaanaa sanraxak hataa aneey baadmaa skotlendnaa james prathamnaa rakshak hataa. teey bhavishyanaa henry IV henry bollingbrokne malvaa maate utsuk hato. methali holnee bethak bethak robertnaa bhaai john watertonne aapvama aavee hatee. aaa holl, jeey "country life" nee nee aavruttima darshavvama aavyo hato, tene tene todee padvama aavyo hato, jooe keey maxboro estate haju pann jeellama nondhpaatra jameenmaliko chhe. raanee meerii (teknee meerii), aech. nee patnee. aema. raajaa george veeae veeae gaamnee mulakat leedhi hatee aneey earlnaa maheman tareeke holamaa rokaaya hataa. soltnaa jivancharitrakaar balgarnina janaavya anusaar titus solte 1856 aneey aneey vachche maxburona earl pasethi methali holl bhaade aapyo hato. church. perrish church sant oswalds oswalds sadeeni pratham shreneeni soochibaddh imaarat chhe, jemaa jemaa sadeena madhyathi 1937 sudhee shikhar hatoo. shikhar asurakshit bunny gayoo hatoo aneey tene todee padvama aavyu hatoo. kesalfordmaan janmela kalakar henry moor churchnee avaaranvaar mulakati hataa. nicolaus pavesnere pavesnere daykana antamaa church aneey methali holane temnee "imaaratoni ingland" shreneena bhaag rupe dastavejikaran karyoo hatoo. aelan bennet december clubbe churchnee mulakat leedhi hatee, jaim keey temnaa lakhaanona sangrah "untold stories" (2005) maan ullekh karvaamaa aavyo chhe, jeey mulakat lekhaknaa praarambhik jeevanne darshaavtaa vishesh "dhaa south benk shho" naa bhaag rupe filmavvama aavee hatee. "fetee qeqa" school house. junun pinder green school house aee 1637 thee watergatena junction parnee grade II soochibaddh imaarat chhe aneey mukhya leadsthee pontefract rooad chhe. shaala shaala bundh thaee gaee aneey khangi nivassthan bunny gayoo, jeey havey fetee qeqa school house tareeke jaanitu chhe. railway. methaleene aek samaye trana railway stationo dwara sevaa aapvama aavtee hateeh methali uttar (bundh 1957); methali junction (bundh 1943); aneey methali dakshin (bundh 1960). gaammaanthi pasaar thatee mool railway line nirmaan nirmaan uttar midland railway dwara derbythi leads mukhya line bhaag rupe karvaamaa aavyu hatoo. aaa maarg havey halam (leads-shafield) aneey pontefract rekhaaono bhaag chhe. birminghamthi leads leads rail line soochit maarg gaamnee pashchimma scholey tekri, clumpcliffe aneey lemonroid loqa vachchethi pasaar thayo hota, jyaan teey samaye trainne woodsford thaine leads shahernaa kendramaa laee javaa maate pashchim taraf vadelee hota. rekhaa havey kaapee nakhvama aavee chhe aneey teey thashe nahee. beeja vishvyudhnaa poow camp. methali beeja vishvyuddh darmiyan german poow kempanu sthal hatoo. aaa shibir paark lennee uttar bajuae lojnee najik stheet hatee. poow zupadiono paayo haju pann najikthi nirikshan parr dekhaay chhe. maxboro estatemaa khetiwadi kaamdaaro tareeke ghuvadno upyog thato hato kaaran keey ghanaa gaamlokoni sashastr dalomaa bhartee karvaamaa aavee hatee. saint oswald churchma natalni purvasandhyaenee sevaa darmiyan germanma still naach, healies naach (silent night) karvaa maate ghuvadne aamantrit karvaamaa aavyaa hataa-jeey ghatnaa haju pann ketlaak gaamloko dwara yaad karvaamaa aave chhe. bbcna inside out prograam (5 december 2011) aee ahewal aapyo hato keey paau kempanaa kediomaanaa aek, artur brune 1944-45 naa sheeyala darmiyan 'avar lady off dhaa ranuers' sheershak dharaavtu aek motoo cheetra (qada 8 foot x 8 foot) banaavyu hatoo. temaa aek khander shaherma baadak saatheno medonaa darshavvama aavyo hato, jenee aaspaas hataash loko yuddhthi rakshan maate bhagvanne apil kartaa hataa. aaa cheetra beden-wrttemberg (germany) maan freeberg eam breisgau shahernaa khanderoma kalaakaarni patneene (medonaa tareeke) darshaavtu hovaanu manvama aave chhe (cheetra spashtpane prushthbhumima freeberg munster darshaave chhe). november 1944 darmiyan freeberg eam breisgau (braunnun vatan) parr sahyogi havaai humla darmiyan tenee patneena mrutyu vishe sambhalya pachhi brune aaa painting banaavyu hashe. ghanaa varsho sudhee aaa paintingni maliki lankshirema aek conventnee hatee, pachhi pachhi harajima vechvaamaa aavee hatee. sthaaneek rasnaa sthalo. yorkshire imperial benned, agau yorkshire imperial cooperworks benned, gaammaan rehearsal karatu hatoo. greta britton khitaab aneey trana british open title jitnaar benned deshnaa agranee brass bendmaanu aek chhe aneey tene bbc parr recordings banaavyaa chhe aneey sangeet jalsaao karyaa chhe. sangeetkaar edward elger bhutpurv maaleek (shree. devdaar' noon prateek)-jeey havey rahenank ghar chhe-aneey ghanivaar gaammaan raheto hato. leads bendnaa drummer niqa hodson, kaisar vadaao, gaam saathe paarivaarik sambandho dharaave chhe. bende sattavaar reete 16 january january roj gaamnee navee praathmeek shaala kholee hatee. gaamnaa anya nondhpaatra rahevasioma rugby leegnaa khelaadeeo bryan lockwood, deane mountain, daryl powell, bayne crooks, calvin scarett, jooe erundel aneey footballer poola rickersno samaavesh thaay chhe. darr varshe aaa gaammaan aek durpock kagadano tahevaar yojaay chhe, jemaa rahevasio bhaag leey chhe. methali cricket clubbe clubbe loards khaate village cup raashtriy spardhaa jeetee hatee. yorkshire aneey worcestershirena khelaadi methyu weite methali seenu pratinidhitva karyoo chhe.see. methaliae united aee.aef.see. (agau "methali united jeey. aef. see.") sthaaneek football club chhe. mool gaam football club methali perseverance aef hatee.see.. methali welfare aef.see. aneey methali rangers aef.see. havey teey bundh thaee gayelee graamy club pann chhe. chhe sthaaneek juniyar loko maate gaammaan football ramvaa maate aneey aneey club maate unitednee rachnaa karvaamaa aavee hatee, havey purush pashuchikitsak team aneey maheela team saathe juniyar teamo teamo nee banelee aashcharyajanak 29 teamo chhe. aaa club deshmaa sauthee zadapthi vikasatee football klabmaanee aek chhe. methali yoddhaao aee.aar.aela.aef.see aneey methali royals aar.aela.aef.see., aee gaam rugby leag teamo chhe.

methale methale ingland key west yorkshire key leads mahanagar key dakshin poorv mein sthit ack gaanv haye. yeh rothwell, olton, woodsford, micklettown aur ellerton bywater key paas sthit haye. leads shahar key ward koo keypax aur methale kahaa jaataa haye. yeh leads, casselford aur wakefield dwara banaae gaye trikon key bheetar haye, aur nadee key sangam key beach haye. baad vaale koo gaanv key lagbhag ack meal dakshin-poorv mein methale pull, aeye639 sadak, () seey paar kiya jaataa haye. sthaan aur itihas. aaj, gaanv kaa varnan aksar church laine, mukhya sadak aur pinfold laine key aspas key kshetra key sandarbh mein kiya jaataa haye. haalaanki, inn sadakon parr sthit imaaraten kaafee hudd taka 20veen shatabdi kii hain-aur yeh kshetra gaanv key mool bhaugolik kendra kaa pratinidhitva naheen kartaa haye. mool gaanv sant oswald key church key paas sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa, aur vishesh roop seey church key kinare. yeh church key kinare aur jall dwaar key kuchh hisson key saath 17veen aur 18veen shatabdi kii imaraton mein parilakshit hotaa haye. gaanv kaa koyla khanan kaa itihas rhaa haye. ack samay gaanv mein paanch khadaanen chala rahee theen-"swaadisht koyla", "methale junction", "foxhole" (scholi hill), "newmarket" aur "newmarket silkstone". antim gaddha ("seville colliery") 1980 key dashak key madhya mein bund hoe gayaa. gaanv kaa hissa (aim62 motorway kaa dakshin aur paschim kshetra) 1990 key dashak mein wakefield mahanagariya jilaa parishad key shahar koo saunp diyaa gayaa thaa. yeh kshetra, jisamen newmarket aur scholi pahaadi key bastiyaan shamil hain, ack audyogik aur avkash vikas key sambandh mein ack yojana vivaad key adheen thaa kyonki graminon koo yatayat key star mein vriddhi kaa darr thaa-vishesh roop seey aeye642, bee6135 (naee bajar laine aur watergate), park laine aur church key kinare. erich achaar, samudaayon key liye raajya key sachiv aur sthaaniya sarkaar ney 21 juuna 2012 koo vikas koo manjuri dee. wakefield trinity wildcats ragbi leag club key liye nayaa stadium vikas kaa hissa hoga aur 2015 taka puuraa kiya jaanaa chaahiye. methale 1086 mein yorkshire key paschim mein agbrig key vappentech mein they. methale kaa sarvekshan tudor maanchitrakaar, christopher saxon, ingland key pahale atlus (1577) key lekhak dwara kiya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, naksha abb khou gayaa haye. imaaraten. methale holl. methale holl maxburro key earl kii poorv seat thee. chaudahavin shatabdi key dauran dee waterton parivaar ney dee methale parivaar mein shaadi kii aur methale holl mein chaley gaye, ack badee, bhavya aur thhos castellated imarat, joe jyaadaatar teen manjila mein faili hui thee joe burjdar pravesh dwaar seey badhkar chaar taka pahunch gaee thee. athaarahavin shatabdi key jall rung mein ack vishal holl dikhaaya gayaa haye jisamen ack minstral gallery aur bhavya seedhiyaan hain, jinhen sajaaya gayaa haye aur ack poorna lambai vaali oreal khidki key saath chhat koo ubhara gayaa haye. york key ameer, yuva richard plantagenate, chaar seey baarah saal kii umr seey yahaan rahate they, waterton key parivaar key saath 1423 taka jaba rashtriya ghatnaaon ney cheejen badal deen. robbert waterton 1399 seey pontefract mahal key sipahi key roop mein richard II key sanrakshak they aur baad mein scotland key james I key sanrakshak they. vaha heinry bollingbroke, bhavishya key heinry IV key liye utsuk thaa. methale holl mein seat 1410 mein robbert key bhaai johnn waterton koo pradaan kii gaee thee. country life" key 1907 key sanskaran mein pradarshit holl koo 1964 mein dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa, halanki maxburro estate abhee bhee jile mein mahatvapurna bhoomi malik hain. raani mairi (mairi off tech), aich kii patni. aim. raajaa george vee ney 1935 mein gaanv kaa daura kiya aur earl key atithi key roop mein holl mein rahey. salt key jeevanikaar balgarni key anusaar titus salt ney 1856 aur 1865 key beach maxbero key earl seey methale holl patte parr diyaa. church. parrish church sant oswald kii 12veen shatabdi kii ack soochibaddh imarat haye jisamen 18veen shatabdi key madhya seey 1937 taka ack shikhar thaa. shikhar asurakshit hoe gayaa aur ise dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa. mahal mein janme kalakar heinry moor church mein aksar aatey they. nicolaus pavesner ney 1950 key dashak key anta mein church aur methale holl koo apani "ingland kii imaraton" shrinkhala key hisse key roop mein pralekhit kiya. ellen bennet ney disambar 1998 mein church kaa daura kiya jaisa kii unake lekhan "anakahi kahaaniyon" (2005) key sangrah mein ullekh kiya gayaa haye, ack yatra jise lekhak key praarambhik jeevan koo chart karane vaale ack vishesh "dha south baink show" key hisse key roop mein filmaya gayaa thaa. "fatty cake" school house. purana pinder green school house ack grade II soochibaddh imarat haye joe 1637 seey watergate key junction parr haye aur mukhya leads seey pontefract road taka haye. yeh school 1881 mein bund hoe gayaa aur ack niji nivaas bunn gayaa, jise abb fatty cake school house key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. railway. methale koo ack baar teen railway stations dwara seva pradaan kii jaati theeh methale uttar (bund 1957); methale junction (bund 1943); aur methale dakshin (bund 1960). gaanv key madhyam seey mool railway line 1840 mein derby seey leads mukhya line key hisse key roop mein uttar madhya bhoomi railway dwara banaai gaee thee. yeh maarg abb hollum (leads-schafield) aur pontefract lines kaa hissa haye. birmingham seey leads hs2 rail line kaa prastaavit maarg gaanv key paschim mein scholi pahaadi, clumpcliffe aur lemonroid lock key beach seey gujarta, jahan yeh usa bindu parr paschim kii or ghumaavdaar hoti aur trains koo woodsford key madhyam seey leads shahar key kendra mein leey jaati. line koo abb kulhadi curr diyaa gayaa haye aur aisaa naheen hoga. dwiteeya vishva yuddh kaa paau shivir. methale dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran ack german paav shivir kaa sthal thaa. shivir lodge key paas park laine key uttar kii or sthit thaa. ghaas kii jhopadiyon kii neenv abhee bhee nikat nireekshan parr dikhaai detee haye. maxburro estate mein krishi majdooron key roop mein dhanush kaa upayog kiya jaataa thaa kyonki kaee graminon koo sashastr balon mein bharti kiya gayaa thaa. sent oswald church mein chrismus kii poorv sandhya parr ack seva key dauran german mein still naach, heelige naach (mook raat) karane key liye dhanush koo aamantrit kiya gayaa thaa-ack ghatana joe abhee bhee kuchh graminon dwara yaad kii jaati haye. bee. bee. see. inside out prograam (5 disambar 2011) ney bataaya kii paau camp key kaidiyon mein seey ack artur braun ney 1944-45 kii sardiyon key dauran 'avar lady off dha khandahar' naamak ack badee painting (aakar 8 feat x 8 feat) banaai. isamen yuddh seey suraksha key liye hatash logon seey ghire ack barbad shahar mein bachche key saath madona koo dikhaaya gayaa thaa. maanaa jaataa haye kii iss chitra mein kalakar kii patni (madona key roop mein) koo baden-wrttemberg (germany) mein freeberg imm breesgau shahar key khandharon mein darshaaya gayaa haye (chitra mein spasht roop seey prishthabhoomi mein freeberg munster dikhaaya gayaa haye). navambar 1944 key dauran freeberg imm breesgau (braun key grih nagar) parr ack sahayogi havaai hamale key dauran apani patni kii mrityu kii khabar sunane key baad braun ney painting kaa nirmaan kiya hoga. kaee varshon taka painting kaa swaamitva lancashire mein ack convent key paas thaa, phir 1997 mein nilami mein becha gayaa thaa. sthaaniya ruchi key bindu. yorkshire imperial baind, joe pahale yorkshire imperial copperworks baind thaa, gaanv mein abhyaas karane key liye upayog kiya jaataa thaa. baind, jisane grate britten khitaab aur teen british open khitaab jeete hain, desh key pramukh brass baind mein seey ack haye aur isane bbc parr recording aur sangeet karyakram prastut kiye hain. sangeetkaar edward elgar poorv malik (shree) key saath dost they. devdaar kaa prateek)-abb ack aavaasiya ghar-aur aksar gaanv mein rahata thaa. leads baind key drummer nick hodson, casser pramukhon kaa gaanv key saath parivarik sambandh haye. baind ney aadhikarik taur parr 16 janwari 2006 koo nae gaanv key praathamik vidyalaya kaa udghaatan kiya. gaanv key anya ullekhaniya nivaasiyon mein ragbi leag key khilaadi bryan lockwood, deane mountain, daryl powell, bayne crock, kelvin skeret, joe erandel aur footballer paul rickers shamil hain. harr saal gaanv mein ack daraavane utsav kaa ayojan kiya jaataa haye, ack pratiyogita jisamen nivasi bhaag lete hain. methale cricket club ney 1998 mein lords mein village cup rashtriya pratiyogita jeeti. yorkshire aur worcestershire key khilaadi mattheau wait ney methale see kaa pratinidhitva kiya haye.see. methale ney ack kiya.aff.see. (poorv mein "methale united jey. aff. see") sthaaniya football club hain. mool gaanv football club methale persverence aff thaa.see.. methale welfare aff.see. aur methale rangers aff.see. abb gaanv key club bhee bund hoe gaye hain. 2002 mein sthaaniya juniyaron key liye gaanv mein football khelane key liye united kaa gathan kiya gayaa thaa aur 2021 mein club mein abb ack purush pashu chikitsak team aur mahila team key saath-saath junier teams (yuu5aiss-yuu18) seey bunny 29 teemen hain. club desh mein sabse teji seey badhate football clubon mein seey ack haye. methale yoddha aeye.aar.ell.aff.see aur methale royal aar.ell.aff.see., gaanv kii ragbi leag teemen hain.

methley methley embudu inglendna paschima yorkshiren leads naa aagneyadalliruva leads metropolitan baroo nagarada ondu chadurida graamavaagide. idu rothwell, olton, woodlesford, michletown mattu alerton bivator bully ide. leads city ward annu kippox mattu methley endu kareyalaaguttade. idu leads, casulford mattu vekfieldgalinda rupugonda trikonadolage mattu air nadhi mattu nadhi caldern sangamada naduve ide. eradaneyadannu meethley setuveyu, aa639 rasteyu, () graamada agneyakke sumaru ondu maili dooradallide. sthala mattu itihaasa. indu, ee graamavannu samanyavagi church laine, mukhya raste mattu pinfold laine suttamuttalina pradeshada drashtiyinda vivarisalaagide. aadaagyoo, ee beedigalallina kattadagalu hechchaagi 20neey shatamanakke seridavu-mattu ee pradeshavu graamada moola bhougolika kendravannu pratinidhisuvudilla. moola graamavannu saint oswaldna charchina bully mattu visheshavaagi churchna badiyalli sthaapisalaayitu. idu 17neey mattu 18neey shatamaanada church pakkadalliruva kattadagalu mattu water getgala bhagagalalli pratiphalisuttade. ee graamavu kalliddalu ganigaarikeya itihaasavannu hondide. ondu hantadalli gramadalli aidu ganigalu kaaryanirvahisuttiddavu-"ruchiyaada kalliddalu karkhane", "methley junction", "foxholes" (scholey hill), "neumarket" mattu "neumarket reshme kallu". koneya gundi ("saville kalliddalu karkhane") 1980rahra dashakada madhyabhaagadalli muchchalpattitu. graamada ondu bhagavannu (emm62 motaru maargada daksina mattu pashchimada pradesha) 1990rahra dasakadalli wakefield metropolitan jilla mandalige hastaantarisalaayitu. neumarket mattu scholey bettada gramagalannu olagondiruva ee pradeshavu kaigarika mattu virama abhivruddhiya bagge yojana vivaadakke olapattittu, ekendare gramastharu hechchida sanchara mattavannu hedaruttiddaru-visheshavaagi aa642, bii6135 (neumarket laine mattu watergate), park laine mattu church sidenalli. samudaayagala raajya karyadarshi mattu sthaliya sarkaarada karyadarshi erich uppinakayigalu 21 zoon 2012 randu ee abhivruddhige anumodane niididaru. wakefield trinity wildcats ragbi leigh klabgagi hosa kridaanganavu abhivruddhiya bhaagavaagalide mattu 2015 rolage poornagollabeku. methliyu 1086ralli yorkshiren paschima sawari pradeshadalliruva agbrigna vepenteknalliddanu. methliyannu tudor nakshaashaastragna, inglendna modala atlas (1577) naa lekhaka christopher saxton samikshe maadidaru. aadare, nakshe eega kaleduhogide. kattadagalu. methley haal. methley haal mexbero arlna hindina aasanavaagittu. hadinalkane shatamaanadalli dii waterton kutumbavu dii methley kutumbavannu vivaahavaadaru mattu dodda, bhavyavaada mattu ghanavaada castellated kattadavaada methley haalge sthalaantaragondaru, idu hechchaagi mooru mahadigalli haradittu, gopuradinda naalku antastugalige airitu. hadinentane shatamaanada jalavarnavu ondu dodda sabhaanganavannu mintrell gallery mattu bhavyavaada mettilugalannu hondiddu, purna-uddada oriyal kitakiyondige alankarisida mattu kettida meelchaavaniyannu torisuttade. newyorkna richard yuva richard plantagenet, 1423ralli rashtriya ghatanegalu vishayagalannu badalaayisuvavarege, naalku rinda hanneradu varsha vayassinavaregoo waterton kutumbadondige illi vaasisuttiddaru. robbert waterton avaru 1399rinda pontefract koteya constable agiddaga eradane richardna palakaragiddaru mattu nantara scotlendna james Inaa gaular aagiddaru. avanu bhavishyada henry IV, henry bollingbrokge samparka hondiddanu. methley haalnalliruva sthaanavannu 1410ralli robbertn sahodara zaan watertonge nidalaayitu. 1907rahra "halligaadina jeevana" dha aavruttiyalli kanisikondidda ee sabhaanganavannu 1964ralli kedavalaayitu, aadaagyoo mexbero estate innoo jilleyalli gamanarha bhoo malikaragiddare. raani merrie (merrie off tech), etch. emm. 1935ralli king georg vii, ee gramakke bheti needi arlna atithiyaagi sabhaanganadalliye tangiddaru. saltna jivanacharitrekaara balgarni prakara, titus salt 1856 mattu 1865rahra naduve methley haal annu mcsbaroda arlninda guttigege tegedukonditu. church. parish church saint oswalds, 18neey shatamaanada madhyadinda 1937ravaregoo shikharavannu hondidda 12neey shatamaanada darjeya kattadavaagide. shikharavu asurakshitavaayitu mattu adannu kedavalaayitu. casalfordnalli janisida kalaavida henry moor avaru churchge aagaagge bheti niiduttiddaru. nicolus pevsner 1950rahra dashakada koneyalli church mattu methley haal annu tanna "inglendna kattadagalu" saraniya bhagavagi daakhalisidaru. alan bennet avaru tamma "helalaagada kathegalu" (2005) emba barahagala sangrahadalli ullekhisiruvante december 1998 ralli churchge bheti niididaru, ee bhetiyannu barahagarara arambhika jivanavannu patti maaduva vishesha "dhii south bank show" naa bhagavagi chitrikarisalaayitu. "fatty cake" shaleya maney. haleya pinder green school house 1637rinda watergate junctionnalli mattu mukhya leedninda pontefract rasteyalliruva eradane darjeya kattadavaagide. ee shaleyu 1881ralli muchchalpattitu mattu khasagi nivaasavaayitu, eega idannu fatty cake school house endu kareyalaaguttade. railway. methlege omme mooru railu nildaanagalu seve sallisuttiddavuh methley uttara (1957ralli muchchalaayitu); methley junction (1943ralli muchchalaayitu); mattu methley daksina (1960ralli muchchalaayitu). graamada moolaka moola railway maargavannu 1840 ralli uttara midland railway darbiyinda leads mukhya maargada bhagavagi nirmisitu. ee maargavu eega halam (leads-shefield) mattu pontefract rekhegala bhagavagide. birminghamninda leads hs2 railu maargavu graamada paschimakke scholey betta, clumpcliffe mattu lemonroid lock naduve haaduhoguttittu, allie adhu aaa samayadalli paschimakke bagikondu woodlesford moolaka leads nagara kendrakke railugalannu karedoyyuttittu. rekheyannu eega kodalaagide mattu adhu aguvudilla. eradane mahayuddhada paav shibira. eradane mahayuddhada samayadalli germany pou shibiravu methleya taanavaagittu. ee shibiravu udyaanavanada maargada uttara bhagadalliruva vasatigruhada sameepadallittu. hattiradinda parishilisidaaga innoo pou gudisalugala adipayagalu gocharisuttave. aneka gramastharannu sashastra padegalige nemisikondiddarinda mexbero estatenalli krishi kaarmikaraagi billugalannu balasalaaguttittu. saint oswalds charchnalli chrismus munnaadinada seveya samayadalli german bhasheyalli still notch, heylige notch (silent nait) annu pradarshisalu pougalannu aahvaanisalaayitu-ee ghataneyannu kelavu gramastharu innoo nenapisikolluttaare. bbc inside out programme (5 december 2011) varadi maadidante, pou shibirada kaidigalalli obbaraada arter braun, 1944-45 naa chaligaaladalli 'awar lady off dhii resures' emba shirshikeya dodda varnachitravannu (gaatra 8 addi x 8 addi) tayaarisidaru. idu yuddhadinda rakshanegaagi hataasha janaru devarannu manavi maaduva palubidda nagaradalli maguvinondige madonnavannu olagondittu. ee varnachitravu baden-wurtemberg (germany) nalliruva freeberg imm breesgou nagarada avasheshagalalli kalaavidana hendatiyannu (madonna endu) chithrisuttade endu nambalaagide (varnachitravu hinneleyalli freeberg munster annu spashtavagi torisuttade). 1944rahra novembernalli freeberg imm breesgou (braunra tavaru pattana) mele mitrapakshagala vayudaliya samayadalli tanna hendatiya saavina bagge kelida nantara braun ee varnachitravannu tayaarisirabahudu. aneka varshagala kaala ee varnachitravu lancashirenalliruva convent odetanadallittu, nantara 1997ralli haraajinalli maaraatavaayitu. sthaliya aasaktiya sthalagalu. hinde yorkshire saamraajyashahi taamrada kelasagala byaand aagidda yorkshire saamraajyashahi byaand, gramadalli purvaabhyaasa nadesuttittu. grate britton prashasti mattu mooru british open prashastigala champiyangalannu gedda byaand, deshada agraganya brass byandgalalli ondaagide mattu bbcyalli dhwanimudranagalannu tayaariside mattu sangeeta kacherigalannu pradarshiside. samyojaka edward elger avaru hindina malikarondige sneha hondiddaru (shree. eega vasati gruhavagiruva 'devadaarugala' laanchana) aagaagge halliyalliye ulidukondittu. leads byaand kaisar mukhyasthara drummer nick hodgson avaru gramadondige kautumbika samparkavannu hondiddaare. byaand adhikrutavaagi 16 janavari 2006 randu hosa hallia praathamika shaaleyannu tereyitu. graamada itara gamanarha nivasigalalli ragbi leigh atagararada brian lockwood, deane mountain, daryl powell, benn crooks, kelvin skerret, zoo arundel mattu football atagara paul rickers seriddaare. prati varsha ee halliyu hedarikehulu utsavavannu ayojisuttade, idaralli nivasigalu bhagavahisuttare. methley cricket club 1998ralli lardsnelly nadeda village cup rashtriya spardheyannu geddukonditu. yorkshire mattu worcestershire atagara mathue waite avaru methley sii. avarannu pratinidhisiddaare.sii. methley united aa.eff.sii. (hinde "methley united jfc") sthaliya football club aagide. moola hallia football club methley perseverance eff aagittu.sii.. methley welfare eff.sii. mattu methley rangers eff.sii. eega avu nishkriyagonda graama klabgaloo aagive. sthaliya kiriyaru gramadalli football aadalu 2002ralli united annu rachisalaayitu mattu 2021ralli club, eega purusha pashuvaidyara tanda mattu mahila tandadondige kiriya tandagalinda (yuu5ess-yuu18) koodida 29 tandagalannu hondide. ee club deshadalli vegavagi beleyuttiruva football klabgalalli ondaagide. methley warriers aa.aarr.ell.eff.sii mattu methley raayal aarr.ell.eff.sii., ivu graama ragbi leigh tandagalaagive.

methali methale heey englandmadhil west yorkshire yetheel leads mahanagaratil eka vikhurlele gaav aahe. heey rothwell, olton, woodlesford, micklettown aanee allerton bivoterjaval aahe. leads ciity prabhagala keypax aanee methale mhanatat. heey leads, casselford aanee wakefieldne tayar kelelya trikonachya aat aanee air nadee aanee nadee calderchya sangmachya darmyan aahe. nantarcha rasta, gavachya aagneyela sumare eka mail antaravar asalelya methale pulane, () 639 rastyane paar keela aahe. sthan aanee itihas. aaj, yaa gavache varnan anekada charchchi galli, mukhya rasta aanee pinfold lenchya aaspaschya kshetrachya drushtine kele jaate. tathapi, yaa rastyanvaril imarati mothya pramanat 20 vya shatkatil aahet-aanee heey kshetra gavachya mool bhaugolik kendrache pratinidhitva karat nahee. mool gaav seent oswaldchya charchjaval aanee visheshtah charchchya bajula sthapit karnyat aale hote. charchchya bajula aanee panyachya getchya kahee bhagantil bhagantil aanee shikhar shatkatil imaratinmadhye heey pratibimbit hote. yaa gawala kolasa khanincha itihas aahe. eka tappyavar gavat paach khanee karyarat hotya-'chavdar kolasa khaan', 'methale junction', 'foxholes' (sholee hiill), 'newmarket' aanee 'newmarket resheem dagad'. shevatcha khadda ('seville kolasa karkhana') 1980 chya dashakachya madhyat bund jhaala. gavacha kahee bhag bhag motorvechya dakshin aanee paschim bhag) 1990 chya dashakat wakefield mahanagar jilha parishadela denyat aala. newmarket aanee scholey tekadichya vastincha samavesh asalela haah parisar, audhyogik aanee vishrantichya vikasababat niyojan vivadachya adheen hota, kaaran kahee vahatukichi patali vadhanyachi bheeti hotee-visheshtah aii642, aii642 (newmarket laine aanee watergate), park laine aanee charchchya bajula. erich lonache, samuday aanee sthanik sarkarche rajya sachiv yanni 21 juuna 2012 roji vikasala manjuri dilee. wakefield triiniity wildcats rugby leag klabsathi naveen stadium vikasacha bhag banel aanee 2015 paryant purn hone aavashyak aahe. methali 1086 madhye yorkshirechya paschim feritil egbrigchya vepentekmadhye hota. englandchya pahilya etalasache (1577) lekhak, tudor manchitrakar, christopher saxton yanni methaliche sarvekshan kele. matra, aata nakasha haravala aahe. imarati. methali holl. methale holl heey makesberochya earlche purviche aasan hote. chaudavya shatkat dii waterton kutumbane dii methale kutumbat lagn kele aanee methale holl yaa mothya, bhavya aanee ghan castellated imaratit sthalantarit jhaale, jee bahutek teen majali pasarleli hotee aanee buruj kelelya praveshdvaravarun chaar majali jhaali hotee. atharavya shatkatil jalrangat eka bhavya sabhagruh, eka minstral gallery aanee bhavya bhavya, sajavalele aanee purn lambichya oreal windos embose kelele chhat dakhavale aahe. yorkcha richard, tarun richard plantagenate, 1423 madhye rashtriy ghatananmule paristhiti badalali toparyant, vayachya chaar teey baravya varshapasoon watertonchya kutumbasah yethe rahat hota. 1399 pasoon pontefract killyache hawaldar asatana aanee nantar scotlandchya james pahilache galler asatana robbert waterton haah richard dusaracha snrakshak hota. too bhavishyatil heinry chauthya, heinry bollingbrokeshee sampark sadhat hota. methale hallmadheel jaaga 1410 madhye robertcha bhau johnn waterton yala denyat aalee. 1907 saalee 'country life' chya aavruttit samavisht asalele sabhagruh 1964 saalee padnyat aale, jaree mexbero istet ajunahi jilhyatil mahattvapoorn jamindar aahet. queen merrie (merrie auph take), etch. chee patni. emm. 1935 madhye raja george pachva yane gawala bhet dilee aanee earlche atithi mhanoon sabhagruhat rahila. saltchya charitrakar balgarnichya matey, titus soltney 1856 teey 1865 darmyan makesberochya arlakadoon methale holl bhadyane deela. church. parrish church seent oswalds hii hii shatkatil pahili shrenichi soochibaddha imarat aahe, jiche shikhar shikhar shatkachya madhyapasoon 1937 paryant hote. shikhar asurakshit jhaale aanee teey uddhvast jhaale. casalfordmadhye janmalele kalakar heinry muur heey charchala varanvar bhet dett asat. nikolaus pavesnerne 1950 chya dashakachya uttaradhat tyachya 'englandchya imarati' malikecha bhag mhanoon church aanee methale hallche dastaivajikaran kele. alaan benetne december 1998 madhye charchala bhet dilee, jyacha ullekh tyachya 'untold stories' (2005) yaa lekhanachya sangrahat aahe, hii bhet lekhakachya suruvatichya jivanacha aalekh tayar tayar eka vishesh 'daad south banq shhow' chaa bhag mhanoon chitrit karnyat aalee hotee. "fatty keek" shaleche ghar. june pinder green school haus hii 1637 salapasoon watergatechya sangmavar aanee mukhya leads teey pontefract rodvar asaleli dusari shrenichi soochibaddha imarat aahe. hii shaala 1881 madhye bund jhaali aanee eka khajgi nivassthan banale, jeey aata fatty keek school haus mhanoon olakhale jaate. railway. methale uttar (bund 1957); methale junction (bund 1943); aanee methale dakshin (bund 1960) ashee teen railway sthanke methalela ekada seva dett hotee. derby teey leads mukhya margacha bhag mhanoon 1840 madhye uttar madhya railwayne gavatoon jaanara mool railway marg bandhala hota. haah marg aata halam (leads-shafield) aanee pontefract reshancha bhag banala aahe. birmingham teey leads etch. ess. 2 railway margacha prastavit marg gavachya paschimekade scholey tekadi, clumpcliffe aanee lemonroid lock darmyan gela asata, jithe tyaa velee railwaygadya woodlesford marge leads shaharachya madhyabhagi nenyasathi paschimekade valalya asatya. aata resha kapali gelee aahe aanee tee honar nahee. heey mahayuddhachya poe camp. methale heey heey mahayuddhachya kalat german poe campche thikan hote. heey shibir udyan margachya uttar bajula lodgejaval hote. jawalun tapasani kelyavarhi pauu zopadyancha paya ajunahi disato. anek anek sashastr dalat bharati karnyat aalee asalyane mexbero eastatevar shetmajur mhanoon bhadya vaparlya jaat asat. seent oswald charchmadhye khrisamasachya purvasandhyela purvasandhyela sevedarmyan german bhashet still naach, heyalige naach (mook ratra) sadar karnyasathi ghubadanna aamantrit karnyat aale hote-haah eka karyakram ajunahi kahee kahee aathavato. bii. bii. see. inside out programne (5 december 2011) nondavale qee, pau campmadheel kaidyanpaiki eka asalelya artur bronney, 1944-45 chya hivalyat 'avar lady auph daad reserves' navache eka mothe chitra (aakar 8 phoot x 8 phoot) tayar kele. tyat eka uddhvast shaharat mulasah madona chitrit karnyat aala hota, jyabhovati hatash lock hote aanee tyanni yuddhapasun sanrakshanasathi dewala aavahan kele hote. germanytil baden-wrttembergmadhil freeberg iim breisgau shaharachya avasheshanmadhye yaa chitrat kalakarachya patniche (madona mhanoon) chitran kele aahe asey manale jaate (yaa chitrat parshvabhoomit freeberg munster spashtapane dakhavale aahe). november 1944 madhye freeberg iim bresgau (bronche mool shahar) varr mitrapakshanchya havai hallyat tyachya patnichya mrutyuchi batami aikalyanantar bronney heey chitra tayar kele asave. anek varshe heey chitra lancashiremadhil eka conventchya malakiche hote, nantar 1997 madhye lilavat vikale gele. sthanik swarasya bindu. yorkshire imperial band, purvi yorkshire imperial copperworks band, gavat sarav karat asey. gret brittonche vijetepad aanee teen british mukt vijetepad jinkanara haah band deshatil agraganya brass bandpacky eka aahe aanee tyane bii. bii. see. varr dhwanimudran tayar kele aahe aanee maifili sadar kelya aahet. sangitkar edward elgarchi majee malkashi (shree. devdaranche prateek)-aata eka nivasi ghar-aanee anekada gavat rahat asey. leads bandche drummer nick hodgeson, kaisar pramukh, yanche gavashi kautumbik sambandh aahet. bandney 16 janewari 2006 roji adhikrutpane gavachi naveen prathamik shaala ughadali. gavatil itar ullekhaneey rahivashanmadhye rugby leagueche kheladu bryan lockwood, deane mounton, deryl powell, baine crooks, kelvin skeret, joou arundel aanee footballer paul rickers yancha samavesh aahe. darvarshi gavat eka bhitidayak kavala utsav aayojit keela jaato, eka spardha jyamadhye rahivasi bhag ghetat. methale crickett clubney 1998 madhye lords yethe gaav chashak rashtriy spardha jinkley. yorkshire aanee warcestershirecha kheladu mathyu wait yane methale see. chey pratinidhitva kele aahe.see. methaleene 'aaa' laa ekatra kele.eff.see. (purvicha 'methale united jeey. eff. see.') haah sthanik football club aahe. mool gaav football club methale perseverance eff hota.see.. methale kalyan eff.see. aanee methali rangers eff.see. aata gavanche clubhi bund padale aahet. 2002 madhye gavat football khelanyasathi sthanik kanishthansathi aanee 2021 madhye klabsathi unitedchi sthapana karnyat aalee hotee, aata purush pashuvaidhyakiy sangh aanee mahila sanghasah kanishth sangh sangh banalele 29 sangh aahet. haah club deshatil sarvat vegane vegane football klabpaiki eka aahe. methale warriers aaa.aar.ell.eff.see aanee methale royals aar.ell.eff.see., heey gavache rugby leag sangh aahet.

methali methle lids mahanagariya baro saharko euta chharieko gaaun how, lidsko dakshin purva, paschim yorksayar, england. yo rothwell, olton, woodlesford, miklettauna rar alerton bywater najikai awasthit chha. lids city wardlai kipaks rar methle bhaninchha. yo lead, casselford rar wakefieldle banaeko trikonbhitra rar nadi air rar nadi calderko sangamko bichma chha. pachhillolai methle pull, ae639 sadak, () gaaunko lagbhag ek mile dakshin-purvama parr garieko chha. sthan rar itihas. az, gaunlai prayaha church leine, mukhya sadak rar pinfold leine warparko kshetrako sandarbhama warnan garieko chha. yadyapi, yee sadakharuma raheka bhawanharu dherai hadasamma 20 aun shatabdika hun-rar yo kshetrale gaaunko muel bhaugolik kendralai pratinidhitwa gardaina. muel gaaun cent oswaldko charchako najik, rar vishesh gari charchako chheuma sthapit bhaeko thiyo. yo charchako chheuma rar watergateka kehi bhagharuma 17aun rar 18aun shatabdika bhawanharuma pratibimbit hunchha. yass gaaunko koila khaniko itihas chha. ek charanma gaunma panchwata khaniharu sanchalanma thie-"swadishta colliery", "methle junkson", "foxholes" (scholey hill), "numarket", rar "numarket silkstone". antim pitt ("sebhil colliery") 1980 ko dashakko madhyama banda bhayo. gaaunko bhag (emm62 motorweko dakshin rar paschim khetra) 1990 ko dashakma wakefield mahanagariya zilla parishadko saharlai hastantaran garieko thiyo. yo khetra, jasma numarket rar scholey pahadka bastiharu samawesh chhan, audyogik rar fursad wikasko sambandhama yojana wiwadko vishaya thiyo kinbhane gaunleharule trafic star badhne darr rakheka thie-vishesh gari ae642, bee6135 (numarket leine rar watergate), park leine rar churchsidema. erich achar, samudaya rar sthaniya sarkarka rajya sachible 21 june 2012 maa vikaslai anumodan gare. wakefield trinity wildcats ragbi ligg clubka lagi nayan stadium wikasko hissa bannechha rar 2015 sammama pura hunuparchha. methali sann 1086 maa yorkasayarko paschim sawarima egbrigko wepentechma thie. methalilai tudor cartographer, christopher sacton, pahilo atlus aff england (1577) kaa lekhakdwara sarwekshan garieko thiyo. tara, ahile naksa haraeko chha. bhawanharu. methali hull. methle hull maxberoko arlako purva sitt thiyo. chaudhaun shatabdima day waterton pariwarle day methle pariwarma vivaha gare rar methle halma sare, ek thulo, bhawya rar thosa castellated bhawan, prayaha tean talama failieko thiyo june burja garieko praweshdwarbata chaar talasamma pugeko thiyo. atharaun shatabdiko jalarangle euta utkrishta hull dekhaunchha jasma minstral gallery rar bhawya sindhiharu chhan, purna lambaiko oreal jhyalko sath sajaieko rar ubharieko chhat chha. yorkaka richard yuwa richard plantagenate yahan chardekhi bahra warshako umerdekhi watertonko pariwarsanga 1423 samma basthe jab rashtriya ghatanaharule kuraharu pariwartan गऱ्यो।. robert waterton sann 1399 dekhi pontefrect mahalka sipahi rar pachhi scotlandka james prathamka gaolarko rupma richard dwitiyaka sanrakshak thie. uni bhawishyaka heinry IV heinry bolingbroksanga bheteka thie. methle halko sitt sann 1410 maa robertka bhai john watertonlai pradan garieko thiyo. contry life" ko 1907 sanskaranma chitrit garieko halalai 1964 maa dhwasta parieko thiyo, yadyapi makesbaro estate ajhai pani jillama mahatwapurna jamin malikharu hun. rani merry (tekko merry), hk patni. emm. raja george panchaunle sann 1935 maa gaaunko bhraman gare rar arlako atithika rupma halma base. saltko jiwanikar balgarnika anusar titus saltle sann 1856 rar 1865 ko bichma maxberoko arlabata methle hull bhadama leo. church. da pyarish church cent oswalds 12 aun shatabdiko grade I suchibadha bhawan how jasma 18 aun shatabdiko madhyadekhi 1937 sammako shikhar thiyo. shikhar asuraxit bhayo rar dhwasta bhayo. casalfordma janmeka kalakar heinry murr charchama barambar aune garthe. nicolus pebhasnarle sann 1950 ko dashakko uttarardhama church rar methle halalai afno "bhawanharuko england" shringkhalako bhagko rupma dastawej gare. alon benetle december 1998 maa charchako bhraman gare jasto kii unko lekhan "untold stories" (2005) ko sangrahama ullekha garieko chha, yo bhraman lekhakko prarambhik jiwanlai chart garne vishesh "da south bank show" ko bhagko rupma filmaieko thiyo. "fatty keck" schol house. purano pinder green schol house watergateko junctionma 1637 dekhi dosro shrenima suchibadha bhawan how rar mukhya leadsdekhi pontefract roadma chha. yo vidyalaya sann 1881 maa banda bhayo rar euta niji niwas banyo, jaslai ahile fatty keck schol house bhanera chininchha. railway. methalilai ek patak tinawata railway stationharudwara sewa pradan garieko thiyoh methali uttar (banda 1957); methali junkson (banda 1943); rar methali dakshin (banda 1960). gaaun hundai jaane muel railway line sann 1840 maa uttar midland railwaydwara derby too lids mukhya lineko bhagko rupma nirman garieko thiyo. yo margale ahile halam (leads-shafield) rar pontefract lineharuko bhag banaunchha. berminghambata lead hs2 rail lineko prastawit marga gaaunko paschimma scholey hill, clumpcliffe rar lemonroid lakako bichma bagne thiyo, jahaan yo woodlesford hundai lead city centrema railharu laijanka lagi paschimatira ghumaeko hune thiyo. line ab aksha garieko chha rar hune chhaina. dosro wishwayuddhako poe camp. methle dosro wishwayuddhako samayama german pau shiwirko sthal thiyo. shivir laj najikai park lenko uttartira awasthit thiyo. pakha jhupadiko jag ajhai pani najikbata nirikshan garda dekhinchha. dherai gaunleharulai sashastra senama bharti garieko hunale makesbaro astatema krishi majdurka rupma ghundaharu prayog garinthyo. cent oswaldko charchama krisamasko purwasandhyama garieko sewako kramama germanma still nach, heilige nach (silent night) pradarshan garna pauharulai amantrit garieko thiyo-yo ghatana ajhai pani kehi gaunleharule samjhanchhan. bibisi inside out karyakram (5 december 2011) ley report garyo kii pau campka kaidiharu madhye ek artur braunle 1944-45 ko jadoma 'awera leady aff da bhagnawashesh' shirshakko thulo chitra (akar 8 fitt x 8 fitt) utpadan gare. yasama nirash manisharule gherieko bhagnawashesh saharma bachchasangko madonalai yuddhabata surakshaka lagi bhagawanlai apil gareko thiyo. pentingle baden-wurtemberg (germany) ko freiberg imm breisgau saharko bhagnawasheshma kalakarki shrimati (madonako rupma) chitran gareko vishwas garinchha (pentingle prishthabhumima spashta rupma freiberg monster dekhaunchha). november 1944 maa fryberg imm breisgau (braunako griha sahar) maa sahayogi hawai akramanko kramama afnie shrimatiko mrityuko khabar sunepachhi braunle yo chitrakari utpadan gareko huna sakchha. dherai warshasamma yo chitra lancasireko conventko swamitwama thiyo, tyasapachhi 1997 maa lilamima bechieko thiyo. sthaniya chasoka binduharu. yorksayar imperial banned, pahile yorksayar imperial copperworks banned, gaunma abhyas garna prayog garinthyo. great britten upadhi rar tinawata britis open upadhi jitne banned deshko agrani brass bandharu madhye ek how rar bibisima recordingharu rar concertharu pradarshan gareko chha. sangitkar edward elger purva malik (shree) sangko mitra thie. devdar'-ahile awasiya ghar-ko pratik) rar prayaha gaunma basthe. leads bandka drummer nick hudgeson, kyzer pramukhharuko gaunsanga pariwarik sambandha chha. bandley adhikarik rupma 16 janawari 2006 maa nayan gaaunko prathamik vidyalaya kholyo. gaunka anya ullekhaniya basindaharuma ragbi ligka kheladiharu bryan lockwod, dinn mountain, deryl pawel, bayne krukharu, kelwyn skeret, jo arundel rar footballer pall rickers samawesh chhan. pratyek warsha gaunma euta derpok chad manaincha, jasma basindaharule bhag linchhan. methle cricket cluble sann 1998 maa lordsma bhaeko gaaun cup rashtriya pratiyogita jiteko thiyo. yorksayar rar worcestershireka kheladi mathyu weitle methle see-ko pratinidhitwa gareka chhan.see. methle united ae.ef.see. (pahile "methle united jfc") sthaniya football club how. muel gaaun football club methle perseverance ef thiyo.see.. methle welfare ef.see. rar methali rengers ef.see. ahile gramm clubharu pani nishkriya bhaeka chhan. sann 2002 maa sthaniya juniyarharule gaunma football khelnaka lagi rar sann 2021 maa clubka lagi united gathan garieko thiyo, ab purush pashu chikitsak tolly rar mahila tolisangai junier toliharu (yu5ess-yu18ess) milera baneko 29 wata toliharu chhan. yo club deshko sabaibhanda chhito badhdai gaeko football clubharu madhye ek how. methle yoddha ae.arr.ell.ef.see rar methle royal arr.ell.ef.see., gaaun ragbi ligg toliharu hun.

methali methale heuchhi englandara paschima jarkasajarara lidser dakhina purbare thiba lead metropolitan baroh saharar eka bikhipta gramm . ehaa rathawel, olton, woodlesford, mikletauna ebong alerton baiwater nikatare abasthita. leads city wardku keypax ebong methale kuhajae. ehaa lead, casulford ebong wakefield dwara gathita tribhuja madhyare ebong aair nadee ebong nadee calder sangama madhyare achhi . dwiteejati mithle setu dwara atikrama karajaichi, a639 rasta, () gaanra praiah eka mile dakhina-purbare . sthana ebong itihas. aaji, ehi gramaku prajatah church laine, mukhya rasta ebong pinfold laine akhpakh anchala drustiru barnana karajaichi . tebe, ehi rastagudikare thiba attalika gudika mukhyatah 20shaa shatabdir atte-ebong ehi anchalati gaanra moola bhougolika kendraku pratinidhitwa kare naahin. moola gramati santha oswaldnka church nikatare, ebong bisesh curry church parsware sthapita hoithila . ehaa 17shaa ebong 18shaa shatabdir church parswabarti attalika ebong jala fatkar kichhi anshare pratiphalita hue . ehi gaanra koila khanan karibara eka itihas rahichhi. gotie parjyajare graamare panchti khani karjya karuthila-"suswadu koila karkhana", "methali jankasana", "foxholes" (scholey hill), "numarket" ebong "numarket silkstone". shesh gartta ("sebhila colliery") 1980 dashkar madhyabhagare banda hoijaithila. gaanra kichhi ansha (emm62 motorwer dakhina ebong paschima anchala) 1990 dashakare wakefield metropolitan zillah parishadaku hastantara karajaithila. ehi anchala, jeunthire numarket ebong scholey pahadara bastibisesha antarbhukta, eka shilpa ebong absar bikashaku nei eka yojana bibadara bishai thila kaaran gramabaseemane traphik stara brudhi aashanka karithile-bisesh curry aii642, bii6135 (numarket laine ebong watergate), park laine ebong church parsware . 21 june 2012 ray sampradai ebong sthaniah sarakaranka rajya sachiba erich achar bikashaku anumodana karithile. wakefield trinity wildcats ragbi ligg club paain nutan stadium bikashar anshabisesha heba ebong 2015 suddha sampurna heba uchit . methali 1086 masihare jarkasajarara paschima raidingre agbriger wapentech ray thile. mithalinku tudor cartographer, khristopher saxton, englandara pratham atlas (1577) rahr lekhakanka dwara sarbekhyana karajaithila. tebe manachitrati ebe hozzy jaichhi. kotha. methali hull. methali hull maxburo arlra purbatana aasana thila . chaturdasha shatabdire dii waterton paribara dii methali paribarare bibaha karithile ebong methali halku sthanantarita hoithile, eka bruhata, aakarshaneeah ebong kathina castellet building, jaahaa adhikansha tini mahla madhyare byapta, jaahaa burkha prabesha dwara dwara chaari mahla parjyanta brudhi paithila . astadasha shatabdir eka jalarangare eka budd hull dekhibaku mile, jeunthire eka ministrel gallery ebong bhabya sidi rahichhi, eka sampurna lumb bisista oriel jharaka sahita sajjit ebong embos hoithiba chhaata. iyarkar richard, juba richard plantagenate, chaariru baara barsha bajasaru ethaare watertonka paribara sahita 1423 parjyanta rahuthile, jetebele jatiah ghatanagudika jinish badalai deithila . robert waterton richard dwiteejanka tatwabadharaka thile, jetebele kii 1399 masiharu pontefract durgara kanestabala thile ebong parey scotlander james 1manka gaolara thile. shay bhabisyatara heinry 4rtha, heinry bolingabrokanka saha samparka rakhithile. methali halre thiba asanati 1410 masihare rabartanka bhai zohn watertonku pradan karajaithila. 1907 masihar "deshi zeeban" rahr eka sanskaranare pradarshita hoithiba ehi hull 1964 masihare bhangi diajaithila, jadio maxburo estate ebe madhya jillara gurutwapurna jami malika. raanee merrie (tekra merrie), echa. nka patni. emm. 1935 masihare raja george pancham ehi gramm paridarshan karithile ebong arlanka atithi bhabe ehi halre rahithile. labanar jibanikara balgarninka matare, tites sult 1856ru 1865 masiha madhyare arle off makesbaroru methali hull lijre neithila. church. parish church cent oswalds heuchhi eka 12shaa shatabdir pratham shreni talikabhukta kotha jahara eka shikhar 18shaa shatabdir madhyabhagaru 1937 parjyanta thila. ehi shikhar asurakhita hoigala ebong ehaaku bhangi diajaithila. casalfordre janmita kalakara henry murr charchaku barambar paridarshan karuthile. nicolaus pebhasnara 1950 dashkar shesh bhagare church ebong methali halaku taanka "attalika off englanda" shrunkhalara ansha bhabare document karithile. alan bennet december 1998 ray church paridarshan karithile, jaahaa taanka lekha "untold stories" (2005) ray ullekha karajaichi, eka gasta jaahaa lekhakanka prarambhika jeebner charting karuthiba eka swatantra "dakhina tata shoe" rahr ansha bhabare suting karajaithila . "fatty keck" skula houses. puruna pinder green skul houses heuchhi dwiteeja shreni talikabhukta kotha jaahaa 1637 masiharu watergate jankasanare ebong mukhya lead ru pontefract roadre achhi . ehi bidyalajati 1881 masihare banda hoijaithila ebong eka gharoi basabhabanare parinata hoithila, jaahaa bartamana fatty keck skula house bhabare janashuna . relpath. thare methale tinoti rela station dwara seba pradan karajauthilaha methale uttara (banda 1957); methale jankasana (banda 1943); ebong methale dakhina (banda 1960). 1840 masihare derby tuu lead mukhya liner anshabisesha bhabe uttara madhyabhumi relpath dwara ehi gramm dei moola relpath nirmana karajaithila. ehi margati bartamana halam (lead-shafield) ebong pontefract liner anshabisesha . barmingahamaru leads hs2 rela liner prastabita margati gaanra paschimaku scholey pahad, clumpcliffe ebong lemonroid lock madhyare jaithiba, jeunthare woodlesford dei leads sahara kendraku train neba paain ehaa sehi samajare paschimaku bakra hoithiba . ehi lineku ebe kaati diajaichhi ebong ehaa ghatiba naahin. dwiteeja biswajudhara poe shibir. dwiteeja biswajudha samajare methale eka german paau sibirara sthana thila . ehi shibirati loz nikatare park lenra uttara parsware abasthita thila. gabhira janchare paau hatgudikara muladua ebe madhya drushyamana heuchhi . aneka gramabaseenku sashastra baahineere nijukti diajauthiba karanaru maxburo istetare krushi sramika bhabe ghushureemananku byabahara karajauthila. cent oswald charchare eka christmas purba sandhyare seba samajare german bhasare still nacht, hailies nacht (silent night) pradarshan karibaku paumananku nimantran karajaithila-eka ghatana jaahaa kichhi gramabaseenka dwara aaji madhya maneh achhi . bbsira inside out karjyakram (5 december 2011) report karithila je paau sibirara jane kaedee artur bran, 1944-45 rahr sheeta ruture 'awar ledi off dee rbayers' shirshaka eka budd chitrakala (aakaar 8 phuta x 8 phuta) prastuta karithile. ethire eka dhwansaprapta saharare shishu sahita madonaku chitrita karajaithila jaahaa charipakhare hatash lokamane juddharu surakhya paain bhagabananku nibedana karithile. ehi chitrakala baden-wurtemberg (germany) rahr freiberg imm breisgau saharar bhagnabaseshare kalakaranka patni (madona bhabare) chitrana karichhi bolly biswasa karajae (chitrakala prusthabhoomire spust bhabare freiberg manstaraku darshae) . navember 1944 ray fryberg imm breisgau (brannka gruha sahara) ray eka sahajogee biman aakraman samajare taanka patneenka mrutyu bishajare suniba parey bran ehi chitrakala prastuta karithibe. aneka barsha dhari ehi chitrakala lankasajarare eka convent malikanare thila, taa 'parey 1997 ray nilaamare bikri hoithila . sthaniah aakarshaneeah sthana. jarkashajara imperial banned, purbaru jarkashajara imperial coperworks banned, graamare rehearsal karuthila . great britten title ebong tinoti british open title jitithiba banned deshar agrani brass banned madhyaru anyatama ebong bibisire recording ebong sangeeta paribeshana karichanti . sangeetakara edward elgara purbatana malika (mea. debadaru' rahr pratika)-bartamana eka abasic ghara-ebong prajatah graamare rahuthile . leads bander drummer nick hodgeson, kaisara mukhya, gaan sahita paribarika samparka rakhichhanti. 16 januari 2006 ray banned aanusthanika bhabare nutan gramm prathamika bidyalaja kholithila. gaanra anya ullekhaneeah basindanka madhyare ragbi ligg khelali brian lockood, dinn mountain, deryl pawel, bayne crocks, kelvin skeret, joe arundel ebong footballer pull rickers antarbhukta . pratibarsha ehi graamare eka bhajaprada parba anusthita hoithae, jeunthire sthaniah adhibasimane anshagrahana karithanti. methali cricket club 1998 ray lardasare gramm cop jatiah pratijogita jitithila. jarkashajara ebong worcestershire khelali myathew wait methali sii ku pratinidhitwa karichanti.sii. methali 'aii' ku ekatra karithile.aif.sii. (purbaru "methale united jay. aif. sii") heuchhi sthaniah football club. moola gramm football club thila methali persverance aif.sii... methali kalyana aif.sii. ebong methali rangers aif.sii. ebe gramm klabagudika madhya bilupta hoijaichhi. 2002 masihare sthaniah juniaramananka paain graamare football kheliba paain ebong 2021 masihare club paain united gathan karajaithila, bartamana eka purush pashu chikitsaka dala ebong mahila dala sahita juniara dala (jayu5ess-jayu18) ku nei gathita 29 tii dala achhi. ehi club deshar druta abhibruddhishila football club madhyaru anyatama. methali joddha aii.aarr.ell.aif.sii ebong methali ryals aarr.ell.aif.sii., heuchhi gramm ragbi ligg dala.

maithali maithale leads metropolitan boro dey shehar witch ikk khinda hoiaa pind haii, joe leads dey dakkhan purab, pachmi yorkshire, england witch haii. ih rothwell, olton, woodlesford, mikleton atey alerton bywater dey nede sathit haii. leads city ward noon keypex atey maithale kiha jaanda haii. ih leads, casalford atey wakefield duaara baney tikonh dey ander haii, atey nadee air atey nadee calder dey sangam dey vichkaar haii. baad vaale noon pind dey lagbhag ikk meal dakkhan-purab witch methale pull, aii. 639 sadak, () duaara paar keeta jaanda haii. sathaan atey itihaas. ajj, pind noon aksar church laine, mukkh glee atey pinfold laine dey aale duaale dey khetar dey roop witch darsaiaa giaa haii. halanki, inhan sadkan deeaan imaratan vadde paddhar 'teey 'teey sadee deeaan hunn-atey ih khetar pind dey asal bhugolik kendra dee numaindagi naheen karda haii. mool pind sant oswald dey church dey nede, atey khaas karke church dey naal sathapat keeta giaa see. ih church dey naal-naal naal-naal atey sikhar sadee deeaan imaratan atey watergate dey kujh hissiaan witch pratibimbat hunda haii. pind daa colla khannan daa itihaas riha haii. ikk padaa utte pind witch panj khanan chall rahiaan sunn-"swile koliri", "maithale junction", "foxhole" (sakole hill), "nioo markeet" atey "nioo markeet resham daa patthar". aakhri toa ("seville koliri") 1980 dey dahake dey maddh witch bnd hoow giaa. pind daa hissa hissa motorway daa dakkhan atey pachham khetar) 1990 dey dahake witch wakefield metropolitan zilha consul dey shehar noon saunp ditta giaa see. ih khetar, jiss witch newmarkeet atey sakole pahadi dey pind shamal hunn, ikk udyogik atey manoranjan vikas dey sambandh witch ikk yojnabandi vivaad dey adheen see kiunki pind dey lokan noon traephik dey paddhar witch vaadhe daa darr see-khaskar aii642, aii642 (newmarkeet laine atey watergate), park laine atey church dey kinare. erik aachar, bhaichariaan atey sathanak sarkaar dey raaj dey sakattar neey 21 juun 2012 noon vikas noon manzuri ditti. wakefield trinity wildcats ragbi leeg club laee navaan stadium vikas daa hissa banega atey 2015 takk poora keeta jaanha chahida haii. maithale 1086 witch yorkshire dey pachmi riding witch agbrig dey vapentech witch see. maithale daa sarvekhan sarvekhan cartographer, christopher sexton, england dey pahile attles (1577) dey lekhak duaara keeta giaa see. parr hunn naksha gumm hoow giaa haii. imaratan. maithali haal. maithale haal mcsbro dey aral dee sabka seet see. chaudvin sadee dauran dee waterton parivaar neey dee maithale parivaar witch viaah karwa liaa atey ikk vaddi, shandar atey thos castellated imaarat, maithale haal witch chalaa giaa, joe ziaadaatar tinn manzila witch failiaa hoiaa see joe buruj vaale pravesh duaar duaara chaar manzila takk vadhada see. atharvin sadee daa ikk jall rung ikk shandar haal noon darsaunda haii jiss witch ikk minstral gallery atey shandar paudiaan hunn, ikk puurii lambai vaali oreal khidki dey naal sajaae hoye atey ukkari hoee chhatt haii. yarak dey naujwan richard plantagenate, chaar toon baaran saal dee umar takk itthe waterton dey parivaar naal 1423 takk rahinde sunn jadon rashtari ghatnavan neey cheezan noon badal ditta. robbert waterton 1399 toon pontifect casal dey constable atey baad witch scotland dey james I dey gaular dey roop witch, richard II daa rakhwala see. uh bhavikh dey hannery 4 dey hannery bollingbrok toon prabhavit see. maithale haal dee seet sann 1410 witch robbert dey bharaa jauhan waterton noon ditti gaee see. haal, joe kii "contry life" dey 1907 dey sanskaran witch pradarshit keeta giaa see, noon 1964 witch dhaah ditta giaa see, halanki mcsbro astet ajey vee zilhe witch mahattavpuran zameen maalak hunn. raanee mairi (mairi aaf taek), aich dee patni. aim. king jaaraj panjven neey 1935 witch pind daa daura keeta atey aral dey mehmann vajon haal witch thahiriaa. salt dey jivanikar balgarni dey anusar, tites salt neey 1856 atey 1865 dey vichkaar mcsbro dey aral toon maithale haal noon lease 'teey ditta. church. parish church cent oswalds oswalds sadee dee pahili jamaat dee suchibadh imaarat haii jiss daa sikhar sikhar sadee dey addh toon 1937 takk see. sikhar asurakhiat hoow giaa atey iss noon dhaah ditta giaa see. casalford witch jamme kalakar hannery moor church witch aksar aaunde sunn. nicolaus pevsner neey 1950 dey dahake dey akheer witch church atey maithale haal noon aapni "england deeaan imaratan" luddy dey hisse vajon dastavez keeta. ailan bannet neey dasambar 1998 witch church daa daura keeta jiven kii uss deeaan likhtan dey sangrah "ankahiaan kahaniaan" (2005) witch zikar keeta giaa haii, ikk daura joe lekhak dey mudhle jeevan noon chaart curran vaale ikk vishesh "dakkhni kinare dey shoa" dey hisse vajon filmaiaa giaa see. "faeti cake" school haaoos. purana pinder green school haaoos ikk grade II suchibadh imaarat haii joe watergate dey junction atey mukkh leads toon pontifect road utte 1637 toon haii. ih school 1881 witch bnd hoow giaa atey ikk nijji rihaish bann giaa, jiss noon hunn faeti cake school haaoos vajon janhiaa jaanda haii. railway. maithale noon ikk vaar tinn railway stationan duaara seva ditti jaandi seeuuu maithale uttar (bnd 1957); maithale junction (bnd 1943); atey maithale dakkhan (bnd 1960). pind vicchon langhan vaali mool railway line 1840 witch uttri midland railway duaara derby toon leads mukkh line dey hisse vajon banayi gaee see. ih maarag hunn halm (leads-shafield) atey pontifect lines daa hissa banada haii. barmingham toon leads aich. aiss. 2 rail line daa prastavit maarag pind dey pachham vall sakole pahadi, clumpculf atey lemonroid laak dey vichkaar langhda, jitthe ih uss samein pachham vall vall vall hunda taan joe rail gaddiaan noon woodlesford raahin leads city center witch lijaiaa jaa sake. line noon hunn katt ditta giaa haii atey ajiha naheen hovega. dooje vishav yuddh daa pau camp. maithale dooje vishav yuddh dauran ikk german paau camp daa sathaan see. camp park laine dey uttar vaale paase lauj dey nede sathit see. pioo jhaunpdiaan deeaan neenhan ajey vee nazdiki nirikhan 'teey dikhai dindiaan hunn. mcsbro astet witch khetibadi mazdooran vajon pitt dee varton keeti jaandi see kiunki bahut saare pind vasiaan noon hathiaarband balaan witch bharti keeta giaa see. cent oswald dey church witch christmas dee purav sandhiaa dee seva dauran german witch still naachat, haileys naachat (chupp raat) curran laee pichhe noon sadda ditta giaa see-ikk ghatna joe ajey vee kujh pind vasiaan duaara yaad keeti jaandi haii. bee. bee. see. dey andruni program (5 dasambar 2011) neey dassiaa kii arter bron, joe kii pau camp dey kaidiaan vicchon ikk see, neey 1944-45 dee sardiaan dauran 'saadi mahila dey khandar' sirlekh vaali ikk vaddi painting (aakaar 8 futt x 8 futt) tiaar keeti. iss witch ikk tabah hoye shehar witch bacche naal madona noon darsaiaa giaa see joe kii besahara lokan duaara jung toon rabb noon apeel curran vaale bacche naal ghiriaa hoiaa see. manniaa jaanda haii kii painting witch kalakar dee patni (madona dey roop witch) noon baden-vertemberg (germany) witch freeberg imm brisgao shehar dey khandran witch darsaiaa giaa haii (painting spasht taur 'teey pichokad witch freeberg munster noon darsaundi haii). shayed bron neey navambar 1944 dauran freeberg imm breesgaoo (bron dey grahi shehar) utte sehyogi havaai hamle dauran aapni patni dee maut baare sunan toon baad painting tiaar keeti see. kaee saalan takk painting lancashire witch ikk convent dee malkiat see, firr 1997 witch nilami witch wetch ditti gaee see. sathanak dilchaspi dey sathaan yorkshire imperial baind, pahilan yorkshire imperial copperworks baind, pind witch abhiaas karda see. ih baind, jiss neey gret britten daa khitab atey tinn british open khitab jitte hunn, desh dey pramukh braas baindan vicchon ikk haii atey bbc utte recording atey sangeet samaroh pesh keete hunn. sangeetkar edward elger sabka maalak (shriman) naal dosti karda see. devdar' daa chinnh)-hunn ikk rihaishi gharr-atey aksar pind witch rahinda see. leads baind dey drummer nick hodson daa pind naal parivarak sambandh haii. baind neey adhikarat taur utte 16 janwari 2006 noon navaan pind daa primary school kholhiaa. pind dey horr prasidh vasnikan witch ragbi leeg dey khidari bryne lockwod, deane mountain, daryl pavel, baine crooks, kelwyn scrate, joye arandel atey footballer paal rickers shamal hunn. harr saal pind witch ikk draun vaala tiuhar manaiaa jaanda haii, ikk mukabala jiss witch vasneek hissa lainde hunn. maithale cricket club neey 1998 witch lards vikhe pind kapp rashtari mukabala jittiaa see. yorkshire atey versestershire dey khidari mathway wait neey maithale see dee numaindagi keeti haii.see. maithale neey united aii.eff.see. (pahilan "maithale united jey. eff. see.") sathanak football club haii. mool pind football club maithale perseverance eff see.see.. maithale welfare eff.see. atey maithale rangers eff.see. hunn pindan dey club vee bnd hoow gaye hunn. 2002 witch sathanak juniaran laee pind witch football khedan laee atey 2021 witch club laee united daa gathan keeta giaa see, hunn ikk purash wets team atey mahila team dey naal junier teaman teaman deeaan 29 teaman hunn. ih club desh witch sabh toon tezi naal vadh rahey football kalabban vicchon ikk haii. maithale yodhiaan aii.aar.aill.eff.see atey maithale ryles aar.aill.eff.see., pind ragbi leeg teaman hunn.

maithle methle iti leads-mahanagar-nagarasya, leads-nagarasya dakshinapoorvadishi, pashchim-yaarkshair-nagare, ekam vikshiptam gramam asti. etat rothwell, olton, woodlesford, mikletaun, alerton baivaatar ityetayoho sameepe sthitam asti. leads-nagar-vibhaagah kippox tathaa methle iti namna prasidhah asti. ayam leads, casulford, wakefield ityetaih nirmitasya tribhuje, air-nadyaah calder-nadyaah cha sangamasthaanasy madhye asti. gramat dakshinapoorvadishi praayah ekamail-doore, methle-seturoopen, e639 margena, () param bhavati. sthaanam tathaa itihaasah. adyatve, praayah charch-margasya, mukhya-margasya, pinfold-margasya cha paritah kshetrasya drushtyaa gramasya varnanam krutam asti. parantu, eteshu veethishu vidyamaanaah bhavanaani bahudhaa 20 shataabdyaam nirmitaani santi-api cha ayam pradesha gramasya mool-bhaugolika-kendram naa pratinidhayati. mulagramaha sent oswald ityasya charchasya sameepe, visheshatah charchasya paarshve sthaapitah aasit. idam 17-18-shataabdayoh charch-paarshve, jala-dwaarasya bhaageshu cha pratibimbate. asya graame angaara-khananm itihaasah asti. ekasmin samaye graame pancha khanikaani prachalanti aasan-"sevail colliery", "methley jankshan", "faaks holes" (scholey hill), "numarket", "numarket silkstone" cha. 1980 tamasya dashakasy madhyabhaage antimah pitt ("sevil colliery") bandhitah. gramasya bhaagah (emm62 motaaru-margadashasya dakshina-pashchim-kshetraani) 1990 tame dashake wakefield-mahanagar-mandal-parishadah nagaraya samarpitah. ayam pradesha, yasmin nyoo-markett, scholey-parwatayoh graamapradeshaah cha antarbhavanti, audyogika-virama-vikaasasya vishaye yojanaa-vivaadasya vishayah aasit, yatah graamavaasinah yatayata-starasya vardhanaayaah bhayam-visheshatah e642, bee6135 (nyoo-markett-lenn, watergate), paark-lenn, charch-said cha iti. 21 joon 2012 dinaanke samudayanam raajyasachivah tathaa sthaaneeyasarvakaarasy rikk-acharaha vikaasasya anumodanam krutavaan. wakefield-trinity-weldcats-ragbee-leag-club ityasya nootanam kridaanganam vikaasasya bhaagah bhavishyati, 2015 tamavarshaparyantam poornam bhavitum arhati. maithle 1086 tame varshe yaarkshair-nagarasya pashchim-swaaree-kshetre agabrig-ityasya vepentech-madhye aasit. maithle ityasya sarvekshanam tudor-manachitrakarena christopher-saxton ityanena krutam, yah prathama-atlus-aaf-england (1577) ityasya lekhakah aasit. parantu adhunaa manachitram nashtam asti. bhavanaani. methle haal. methley haal iti maxburo-nagarasya earl-nagarasya poorvaasanam aasit. chaturdashashatabdyam dee-waterton-parivaarah dee-methley-parivaaram parineetavaan, tathaa cha methley-haal-ityatra, vishaalam, bhavyam, drudham cha castellated-bhavanam agacchat, yat praayah chaturnam stareshu prasthitam, burjita-praveshadvaaraat. ashtaadashashataabdyaah jalavarnah, minstrails-gallery, bhavya-sopaanaih cha yukttam vishaalam sabhamandalam, poorna-dirghataya oriel-windo ityanena saha alankrutam, utkeernam cha chhatam darshayati. yaark-nagarasya richard-naamakah yuwah richard planetagenet ityeshah, 1423 tame varshe yaavat, yadaa rashtriya-ghatanaah vastooni parivartayan, tatra chaturvarshaat dvaadashavarshaparyantam, waterton-parivaaren saha nivasat. rabert waterton ityeshah richard dwiteeyasya samrakshakah aasit, yadaa saha 1399 tame varshe pontefract-durgasya arakshakah aasit, anantaram scatland-deshasya james-prathamasya geller iti cha aasit. saha bhavishyasya heinry-4 ityasya heinry-bollingbrok ityasya krute preritah aasit. methle haal-nagarasya aasanam 1410 tame varshe rabert ityasya bhraatuh jaan waterton ityasmai pradattam. 1907 tame varshe "contry-laif" iti samskarane abhilikhitam etat sabhamandalam 1964 tame varshe dhvamsam abhavat, yadyapi maxburo-state iteedam api mandale mahattvapoornam bhusvamyam vartate. queen merry (merry aaf tech), echa. ityasya patnee. emm. 1935 tame varshe, raja jaarj-5, graamam abhyaagatya, earl ityasya atithiroopen sabhaagruhe eva avasat. salt ityasya jeevanacharitrakaarasya balgarni ityasya matena, tatus salt-ityanena maxburo-nagarasya earl-nagaraat 1856 taha 1865 paryantam methley-haal-gruham pattarupena dattam. charch. da-pyaarish-charch-sent-oswald-ityasya bhavanam 12 shataabdyaah prathamashreni-soochibaddham asti yasya shikharam 18 shataabdyaah madhyabhagat 1937 paryantam aasit. shikharam asurakshitam jaatam, vicchinnam cha abhavat. casulford-nagare janmitaa kalakaraha heinry moor ityeshah charcha-nagaram prati niyamitaroopen aagantukah aasit. nicolas pevsner ityayam 1950 tamasya dashakasy ante swasya "buildings aaf england" shrunkhalaayaah bhagarupena charch tathaa methley haal ityetaan abhilekhitavaan. alan benet ityayam 1998 december-maase charch-nagaram gatavaan, yathaa tasya "untold stories" (2005) iti lekhanasangrahe ullikhitam, yat sandarshanam lekhakasy praarambhikajeevanasya chitraya "da sauth-byaank sho" iti visheshasya bhagarupena chitritam aasit. "fyaatee keck" iti vidyaalayasya gruham. puratanam pinder green school house iti dwiteeyashrenee-suchibaddham bhavanam asti yat 1637 tame varshe jalamaargasy sangamasthaane, tathaa cha mukhya-leads-taha pontefract-maargaparyantam asti. vidyaalayah 1881 tame varshe bandhitah, tathaa cha ekam nijee-nivaasasthaanam abhavat, yat adhunaa fyaatee-keck-vidyaalaya-gruham iti namna prasidhah asti. rail-maargah. ekadaa methle-nagare treeni relasthaanakaani aasan-methle-uttar-sthanakam (1957 tame varshe bandhitam); methle-jankshan-sthanakam (1943 tame varshe bandhitam); methle-dakshina-sthanakam (1960 tame varshe bandhitam). gramasya mularelmargaha 1840 tame varshe uttar-madhyabhoomi-relmaargah derby-taha leads-mukhya-margasya bhagarupena nirameeyat. ayam maargah adhunaa halam (leads-shafield) tathaa pontefract-rekhanam bhaagah asti. barminghaam-nagarasya leads-ech. ess. 2-rail-margasya prastaawitah maargah gramasya paschimadishi scholey-parwatah, clumpcliff-ityasya, lemonroid-laaka-ityasya cha madhye gatah syaat, yatra tasmin samaye woodlesford-margena leads-nagar-kendram prati rail-yaanaani gantum paschimadishi vakraha syaat. idaaneem rekhaa akshibhut, naa bhavishyati. dviteeyavishvayuddhasya po shivirah. dviteeyavishvayuddhe german-deshasya po-shibirasya sthalam methley aasit. shibiram udyaana-margasya uttardishi vasatigruhasya sameepe aasit. pau-kutiranam adharaha adyaapi sookshmaparishodhane drushyate. maxburo-state-madhye krushi-shramikaroopen paadukaah upayujyante sma, yatah bahavah graamajanaah sashastrasenayam niyuktaah aasan. sent oswald-charch-nagare chrismus-poorvasandhyaayaah samaye german-bhashayam still-naach, hillies-naach (nishshabd-raatrih) ityasya pradarshanm kartum po-ityete aamantritaah aasan-eshaa ghatana kechan graamajanaah adyaapi smaryante. bee. bee. see. ityasya insad aut kaaryakramah (5 december 2011) soochitavaan yat pau-shibirasya antevaasishu anyatamah artur-bran ityeshah 1944-45 ityasya shitakale 'avar-leady-aaf-da-reverse' iti sheershakam vishaalam chitrakam (8 feet x 8 feet akaram) nirmitavaan iti. asmin madonna yuddhaat rakshanarthm eeshwaram praarthayantah hataashaih janaihi pariveshtite bhagnaavasthaayaam nagare balakena saha chitritam aasit. beden-wrttemberg (germany)-nagarasya freeberg imm bresgau-nagarasya bhagnaavashesheshu kalaavidasya patnee (madonna-rupena) chitritaa iti manyate (chitrakarme prushtabhoomau fraberg monster iti spashtatayaa drushyate). 1944 tame varshe november-maase freeberg imm bresgau (braun ityasya gruhanagaram) ityatra mitraraashtraih vimana-aakramanasy samaye swapatnyaah mrutyoho vishaye shrutvaa braun ityayam chitram nirmitavaan syaat. bahubhyah varshebhyah etat chitram lankashaiyar-nagarasya ekasmin convent-ityasya svaamitvam praapnot, tatah 1997 tame varshe lilupe vikreetam. sthaniya-ruchi-binduhu. yorkshair-imperial-bend, poorvam yorkshair-imperial-copperworks-bend iti, graame abhyaasam karoti sma. gret-britton-upaadhim, british-mukta-upaadhim cha vijetum krutaani bend-samoohah deshasya agraganyaasu brass-samoohayoh anyatamah asti, bee. bee. see. ityatra dhwanimudranaani nirmitavaan, sangeeta-karyakraman cha akarot. sangeetakaarah edward elger ityeshah poorva-swami (shree. devadaarasya prateekam)-adhunaa nivaasagruham-praayah graame eva aasit. leads-bend-caser-pramukhanam drummer nick hodgson ityasya graamen saha paarivaarik-sambandhah asti. 2006 janavaree 16 dinaanke bend ityanena nootanam grama-praathamik-vidyaalayam adhikrutaroopena udghaatitam. gramasya anyeshu ullekhaneeyeshu nivaasishu ragbee-leag-kreedakaah brian lockwood, dean-maunten, deryl-paavel, benn-crooks, kelvin-skeret, jo-arandel, football-paal-rickers cha aasan. prativarsham graamah ekam screcro-utsavam aayojayati, yasmin spardhaa nivaasinah bhaagam kurvanti. 1998 tame varshe lards-nagare grama-cup-rashtriya-spardhayam methle-cricket-club-pakshah vijayam praapnot. yorkshair-kreedaaluh, worcestershair-kreedaaluh myathyoo vett cha, methle-see-kreedaayaah pratinidhitvam krutavantah.sii. methle unated a.cha.sii. (poorvam "methle unated jey. ef. see") sthaaneeyah football-club asti. moolagraamasy football-club iti methley persiverance ef iti aasit.sii.. methle kalyaanam cha.sii. tathaa methley rangers cha.sii. adhunaa grama-sanghaah api nishkriyaah santi. 2002 tame varshe graameshu football-kridaartham sthaniya-kanishtaanaam krute 2021 tame varshe club-krute cha unated-sanghasya nirmanam krutam, adhunaa purusha-pashuvaidya-dalena mahilaa-dalena cha saha kanishta-dalaihi (yu5-yu18) nirmitaani 29 dalaani cha aashcharyakaraani santi. deshasya drutagatyaa vardhamana football-club ityeteshu eshah club anyatamah asti. methle-yoddhaah a.aar.a.cha.see tathaa methle rayal aar.a.cha.sii.grama-ragbee-leag-dalaani santi.

methley methley enbathu englaandhin maerku yorkshireil ulla leats perunagara perunagaraththil ulla oru sithariya kiraamamaagum. idhu rohtwell, ooltan, utlspoardu, miklettavun mattrum alerton bywater arugae amainthullathu. leats nagara vaardu kippox mattrum methley endru azhaikkappadukirathu. idhu leats, castleford mattrum wakefield aagiyavattraal uruvaakkappatta mukkoanaththirkul ullathu, maelum ayar nadhi mattrum aattrin calter sangamikkum idaththirkum idaiyil ullathu. kiraamaththirku thenkizhakkae oru mile tholaivil ulla methley paalam, a639 saalai, () moolam pinthaiyathu kadakkappadugiradhu. idam mattrum varalaaru. intru, inththa gramam perumpaalum devalaya paathai, pirathaana theru mattrum mull madippu paathaiyaich suttriyulla paguthiyin adippadaiyil vivarikkappadugirathu. iruppinum, inththa therukkalil ulla kattidangal perumpaalum 20 aam noottraandaich saernthavai-maelum inththa pakuthi kiraamaththin asal puviyiyal myyaththai pirathinithiththuvappaduththavila. asal gramam saint ooswald thevaalayaththirku arugil, kurippaaga devalayaththin pakkaththil niruvappattathu. idhu devalayaththin pakkavaattil ulla 17 mattrum 18 aam noottraandin kattidangal mattrum neer vaayilin sila pakuthikalil pirathipalikkirathu. inththa gramam nilakkari surangaththin varalaattraik kondullathu. oru kattaththil kiraamaththil ainthu surangangal seyalpaattil irunththana-"suvaiyaana nilakkari", "methley santhippu", "faxholes" (scholi malai), "neu markett" mattrum "neu markett pattu cull". kadaisi kuzhi ("saavil kaalari") 1980 kalin naduppaguthiyil moodappattathu. kiraamaththin oru pakuthi (emm62 motor paathaiyin therku mattrum maerku pakuthi) 1990 kazhil wakefield perunagara mavatta council nagaraththirku oppadaikkappattathu. puthiya santhai mattrum scholi malaiyin kudisaigalai ulladakkiya inthap pakuthi, oru thozhilthurai mattrum oaivu naera maempaadu thodarpaana thittamidal sarchchaikku udpattathu, aenenil kiraamavaasigal poakkuvaraththu nilaigal athikarikkum endru anjchinar-kurippaaga aee642, pii6135 (puthiya santhai paathai mattrum neer vaail), poongaa paathai mattrum devalayaththin pakkavaattil. samoogangal mattrum ulloor arasaangkangkalukkaana maanilach seyalaalaraana erik uurukaai 21 juun 2012 andru valarcchikku opputhal aliththathu. wakefield trinity wildcates rakbi leak kilappirkaana puthiya stadium valarchchiyin oru paguthiyaaga irukkum, maelum 2015 kkul mudikkappada vaendum. methley 1086 aam aandil yorkshirein merkaththiya sawari akbrik endra idaththil irunthaar. englaandhin muthal adlessin (1577) aasiriyaraana dudor varaipadak kalaignaraana christopher saxtonol methley aaivu seiyappattaar. iruppinum, varaipadam ippoathu tholainthuvittathu. kattidangal. methley haal. methley haal enbathu mcsbarovin erlin munnaal irukkaiyaaka irunththathu. pathinaankaam noottraandil dii waterton kudumbam dii methley kudumbaththudan tirumanam seithu kondu, methley haalukku kudipeyarndhadhu, idhu oru periya, kambeeramaana mattrum thidamaana castellet kattidamaagum, idhu perumpaalum moontru maadigalil koopura nuzhaivaayilil naanku varai uyarnthathu. pathinettaam noottraandin neer vannaththil oru periya mandapam oru mintrell calory mattrum pirammaandamaana padikkattudan, alangarikkappatta mattrum porikkapatta koorai oru muzhu neela ooriyal jannaludan kaattukirathu. yorkin richard ilam richard plandagenet, naanku muthal pannirandu vayathu varai waterton kudumbaththudan 1423 varai thaesiya nigazhvugal vishayangkalai maattrum varai ingku vaalnththaar. robbert waterton 1399 muthal pantefract koattaiyin constablaga irunththapoathu richard II inn paathukaavalaraakavum, pinnar scatlandin james I inn koolaraagavum irunthaar. avar ethirkaala hendri naankaam hendri polyngprokidam catar. methley haalil ulla irukkai 1410 aam aandil robartin cakootharar john watertonukku vazhangkappattathu. 1907 aam aandu "naattuppura vaazhkkai" endra pathippil idampettra inththa mandapam 1964 aam aandil idikkappattathu, iruppinum mcsburo estate innum maavattaththil kurippidatthakka nila urimaiyaalargalaaka ullathu. raani maeri (techin maeri), ech. emm. ainthaam jaarj mannar 1935ill inththa kiraamaththirku varugai thanthu, arangkil virunththinaraaga thangkinaar. dietus uppu medley haalai 1856 mattrum 1865 kku idaiyil mcsbarovin erlidamirunthu kuththagaikku eduththathaaga saltin vaazhkkai varalaattraasiriyar balkarni koorukiraar. devalayam. barish devalaya saint oosvaalts enbathu 12 aam noottraandin muthal vaguppu pattiyalidappatta kattidamaagum, idhu 18 aam noottraandin naduppaguthiyil irunthu 1937 varai oru koopuratthaik kondirundhadhu. koopuram paathukaappattrathaaki idikkappattathu. castelboardil pirantha kalaignar hendri muur thevaalayaththirku adikkadi varugai thanthaar. nicolaus bevsner 1950 kalin pirpaguthiyil thanathu "englaandhin kattidangal" thodarin oru paguthiyaaga devalayam mattrum methley mandapaththai aavanappaduththinar. alan bennet disambar 1998 ill thevaalayaththirku varugai thanthaar, idhu avarathu "sollappadaatha kadhaigal" (2005) endra ezhuththuth thoguppil kurippidappattullathu, idhu ezhuththaalarin aarambagaala vaazhkkaiyai pattiyalidum oru sirappu "thii savuth baangk show" inn oru paguthiyaaga padamaakkappattathu. "koluppu cake" palli illam. pazhaiya pinder green palli illam enbathu 1637 aam aandu muthal neer vaail sandhippil ulla irandaam vaguppu pattiyalidappatta kattidamaagum, maelum idhu mukiya leats muthal pantefract saalai varai ullathu. ippalli 1881ill moodappattu, oru thaniyar illamaaga maariyathu, ippoathu idhu koluppu cake palli illam endru azhaikkappadukirathu. rayilway. methley vadakku (moodappattathu 1957); methley santhippu (moodappattathu 1943); mattrum methley therku (moodappattathu 1960) aagiya moontru rayil nilaiyangkal methlikku saevai seithana. kiraamaththin vazhiyaaga asal rayil paathai 1840 aam aandil vadakku nadunila rayilveyaal terbyin oru paguthiyaaga leats pirathaana paathaiyin oru paguthiyaaga kattappattathu. inththa paathai ippoathu halam (leats-shefield) mattrum pantefract koadugalin oru paguthiyaagum. litz hs2 rayil paathaikku birmingham munmoliyappatta paathai kiraamaththin maerkae scholi malai, clumbcliffe mattrum lemonroid poottirku idaiyil sentrirukkum, angku adhu maerkae valainththu irukkum, angku rayilgalai woodlesford vazhiyaaga leats nagara maiyaththirku alaiththuch sellum. koadu ippoathu vettappattullathu, adhu nadakkaathu. irandaam ulagap poar poakku mugaam. irandaam ulagap poarin poathu jerman bhawwal mukaamin thalamaaga methley irunththathu. inththa mugaam poongaa paathaiyin vadakkup paguthiyil ladjuku arugil amainthullathu. pavu kudisaigalin adiththalangkal innum nerukkamaana aaivil kaanappadugindrana. pala kiraamavaasigal aayuthappadaigalil serkkappattathaal, mcsburo thoattaththil vivasaayath thozhilaazhargalaaga pavukkal payanpaduththappattana. saint ooswald devalayaththil christhumas eev sevaiyin poathu jerman mozhiyil still naakt, hailike naakt (amaithiyaana iravu) seiya pavugal azhaikkappattana-idhu sila graamavaasigalaal innum ninaivil kollapatta oru nigazhvu. ppc insite awood thittam (5 disambar 2011), paav mugaamil ulla kaithigalil oruvaraana arder piraan, 1944-45 kulirkaalaththil 'engkal idipaadugalin penn' endra thalaippil oru periya ooviyaththai (alavu 8 addii x 8 addii) thayaariththathaaga ariviththathu. athil oru paazhadaintha nagaraththil kuzhandhaiyudan madona idampettrathu, athaich suttri virakthiyadaintha makkal poarilirunthu kadavulidam vaendukoal viduththanar. germanyin paedan-wordemberkil ulla freefurg imm priskav nagaraththin idipaadugalil kalaignarin manaiviyai (madoanaavaaga) siththarikkum endru nambappadugirathu (ooviyam pinnaniyil freefurg manstarai thelivaagak kaattukirathu). 1944 novemberil freefurg imm priskav (branin sontha nagaram) meethu oru natpu vimanath thaakkuthalin poathu thanathu manaivi iranththathaip pattri kelvippatta piragu piraan inththa ooviyaththai thayaaritthirukkalaam. pala aandugalaaka inththa ooviyam lancashireil ulla oru conventukku sonthamaanathu, pinnar 1997 ill aelaththil virkappattathu. ulloor aarvamulla idangkal. munbu yorkshire imperial sembu vaelaippaadugal isaikkuzhuvaaga irunththa yorkshire imperial isaikkuzhu, kiraamaththil payirchi seivathaip payanpaduththiyathu. grade brittan pattaththaiyum moontru british oopan pattangkalaiyum ventra inththa isaikkuzhu, naattin munnani piththalai isaikkuzhukkalil ontraakum, maelum pipisiyil pathivukalai thayaariththu kachchaerigalai nigazhththiyullathu. isaiyamaippaalar edward elkar munnaal urimaiyaalarudan (thiru. devatharu'-ippoathu oru kudiyiruppu veedu-mattrum perumpaalum kiraamaththil thangiyirunthathu. kaisar thalaivarkalin leats isaikkuzhuvin trummer nick hotksonukku kiraamaththudan kudumba thodarbugal ullana. isaikkuzhu janavari 16,2006 andru puthiya grama thodakkapalliyai athikaarappoorvamaaga thiranthathu. kiraamaththin pira kurippidatthakka kudiyiruppaalargalil rakbi leak veerargal praiyan lockwood, deane mavundan, daryl paval, penn crooks, kelvin skerred, joow arundel mattrum kaalpandhu veerar paal rickers aagiyoar adangkuvar. ovvoru aandum inththa kiraamaththil oru payamuruththum kaagath thiruvilaa nadaiperukirathu, idhil kudiyiruppaalargal pankerkiraarkal. methley crickett kilap 1998 aam aandil lardsil nadantha gramak kooppai thaesiya poattiyil vettri pettrathu. yorkshire mattrum worcestershire veerar methev veyit, methley chii. aii pirathinithiththuvappaduththi.chii. methley united auuu.eff.chii. (munbu "methley united jfc") ulloor kaalpandhu kilap aagum. asal grama kaalpandhu kilap methley pidivaatham eff aagum.chii.. methley nalanpuri eff.chii. mattrum methley ranchers eff.chii. ippoathu seyalizhandha gramak kazhagangalum ullana. 2002 aam aandil ulloor juuniyars kiraamaththil kaalpandhu vilaiyaaduvatharkaaga united uruvaakkappattathu mattrum 2021 aam aandil kilap, ippoathu oru aann kaalnadai maruthuvar anii mattrum penkal aniyudan juuniyar anigal (yuu5ess-yuu18 kall) konda 29 anigalaik kondullathu. inththa kilap naattil vaekamaaka valarnthu varum kaalpandhu kilapkalil ontraakum. methley poarveerargal auuu.aarr.ell.eff.chii mattrum methley raayal aarr.ell.eff.chii.grama rakbi leak anigal.

methley methley anedi inglaandlooni west yaarkshairlooni leads metropolitan baroe nagaramloni chellacheduruga unna graamam. idhi rothwell, olton, woodlesford, mickletown mariyu alerton bivator sameepamlo undhi. leads city vaardunu kippox mariyu methley anie pilustaaru. idhi leads, casilford mariyu wakefield dwara erpadina tribhujamlo mariyu nadhi air mariyu nadhi calder sangamam madhya undhi. rendodi graamaaniki aagneyamgaa oka mailu dhooramlo unna methley vantena, a639 rahadari dwara daatabadutundi. sthaanam mariyu charitra. nedu, eee gramanni tarachugaa charchi laine, pradhana veedhi mariyu pinfold laine chuttoo unna praantam paramgaa varnistaaru. ayithe, eee veedhullooni bhavanalu ekkuvagaa 20va sataabdaaniki chendinavi-mariyu eee praantam graamam yokka asalu bhougolika kendraanni suuchimchadu. asalu graamam seyint oswald charchiki sameepamlo, mukhyamgaa charchi vaipu sthaapinchabadindi. charchi pakkana mariyu water gate yokka konni bhagala vembadi unna 17va mariyu 18va sataabdapu bhavanaalalo idhi pratibimbistumdi. eee graamaaniki boggu tavvakam charitra undhi. oka dasalo graamamlo aidu ganulu panicheestunnaayi-"ruchikaramaina boggu parisrama", "mithley junction", "faaks holes" (scholey hill), "newmarket" mariyu "newmarket sylkstone". chivari goyyi ("saville boggu parisrama") 1980la madhyalo moosiveyabadindi. graamamlo kontha bhaagam (emm62 motaru maargaaniki dakshina mariyu paschima praantam) 1990laloe wakefield metropolitan jilla mandaliki appaginchabadindi. newmarket mariyu scholey konda graamaalato kuudina eee praantam, paarisraamika mariyu vishraanti abhivruddhiki sambandhinchi pranaalika vivaadaaniki guraindi, endukante mukhyamgaa yea642, bii6135 (newmarket laine mariyu watergate), park laine mariyu charchi pakkana traaphik sthaayilu perugutaayani graamastulu bhayapaddaru. 21 juun 2012naa communitylu mariyu sthaanika prabhutvaala rashtra karyadarshi eric ooragaayalu eee abhivruddhini aamodinchaaru. wakefield trinity wildcats rugby leag club kosam kotta stadium abhivruddhilo bhaagamgaa untundi mariyu 2015 natiki puurti kaavaali. methley 1086loe yorkshire yokka paschima swaariiloo agbrig yokka vepenteklo unnadu. methleeni tudor cartographer, modati atlas off ingland (1577) rachayita christopher saxton survey chesaaru. ayithe, mapp ippudu poyindi. bhavanalu. methley haall. methley haall mcsburo yokka earl yokka puurva sthaanam. padnaalugo sataabdamloo dii waterton kutumbam dii methley kutumbamlo vivaham chesukuni, methley haalku maarindi, idhi oka pedda, gambheeramaina mariyu ghanamaina castellated bhavanam, idhi ekkuvagaa moodu antastulalo vistarinchi undhi, idhi turrent pravesadvaaram vadda naalugu antastulaku perigindi. paddenimidava sataabdapu jalavarnam oka pedda haall nuu minstrells gallery mariyu goppa metlatho, alankarinchabadina mariyu puurti-podavu oreal kitikeetho chekkabadina paikapputho choopistundi. yuva richard plantagenet, yark yokka richard, naalugu nundi pannendu samvatsaraala vayassu nundi waterton kutumbamtho 1423 varaku nivasinchaaru, jaateeya sanghatanalu vishayalanu marchai. robbert waterton 1399 nundi pontefract koota conistable gaa unnappudu richard II yokka samrakshakudu mariyu taruvaata skaatlaandku chendina james I yokka gaular. athanu bhavishyat henry IV ayina henry bollingbroke kuu daggarayyaadu. methley haallooni seatu 1410loe robbert sodarudu zaan vaatartanku pradaanam cheyabadindi. 1907loe "country life" sanchikalo kanipinchina eee haall 1964loe koolchiveyabadindi, ayithe mcsburo estate ippatikee jillaalo mukhyamaina bhuswamulu. queen maerii (maerii off tech), hetch yokka bhaarya. emm. 1935loe king georg V, eee gramanni sandarsinchi, earl yokka atithigaa haallo basa chesaaru. titus salt anae vyakti jeevita charitrakaarudu balgarni prakaram, 1856 mariyu 1865 madhya mcsburo earl nundi methley haalnu leejuku teesukunnadu. charchi. parish charchi seyint oswalds anedi 18va sataabdam madhya nundi 1937 varaku sikharam unna 12va sataabdapu grade I jabita cheyabadina bhavanam. sikharam surakshitam kaadu mariyu koolchiveyabadindi. casilfordlo janminchina kalakarudu henry moor charchini tarachugaa sandarsinchevaaru. nicolus pevsner 1950la chivaralo thana "buildings off ingland" shrenilo bhaagamgaa charchi mariyu methley haallanu namodu chesaadu. alan bennet thana "cheppani kathalu" (2005) rachanala sekaranalo paerkonnatlugaa december 1998loe charchini sandarsinchaaru, eee sandarsana rachayita yokka prarambha jeevitaanni choopinche pratyeka "dhi south byaank show" loe bhaagamgaa chithreekarinchabadindi. "fatty cake" school house. paatha pinder green school house anedi 1637 nundi watergate mariyu pradhana leads nundi pontefract rahadari koodali vadda unna grade II jabita cheyabadina bhavanam. eee paatasaala 1881loe moosiveyabadindi mariyu ippudu fatty cake school house anie piluvabade oka private nivasamga maarindi. railway. methleaki okappudu moodu railway stationlu sevalu andinchayih methley north (moosiveyabadindi 1957); methley junction (moosiveyabadindi 1943); mariyu methley south (moosiveyabadindi 1960). graamam gundaa vellae asalu railway line 1840loe uttara midland railway derby nundi leads pradhana linelo bhaagamgaa nirminchindi. eee maargam ippudu halam (leads-shefield) mariyu pontefract linelalo bhaagamgaa undhi. birmingham nundi leads hchs2 railu maargam pratipaadita maargam graamaaniki paschimaana scholey hill, clumpcliffe mariyu lemonroid lock madhya gadichedi, akkada aaa samayamlo raillanu woodlesford dwara leads city centerloki teesukelladaaniki paschimaaniki vangi undedi. line ippudu kotha veyabadindi mariyu jaragadu. rendava prapancha yuddham poe camp. rendava prapancha yuddha samayamlo german paav shibiram unna pradaesam methley. eee shibiram park laenku uttaraana ladgeku sameepamlo undhi. daggari pariseelanaloo paav gudiselaku punaadulu ippatikee kanipistaayi. chaalaa mandhi graamastulanu saayudha dalaalalo niyaminchinanduna mcsburo estatelo vyavasaya kuuliilugaa villulanu upayoginchevaaru. seyint oswald charchilo chrismus panduga sandarbhamgaa german bhaashalo still naach, heyilige naach (nissabda raatri) pradarsinchadaaniki paavlanu aahvaninchaaru-eee sanghatana kontamandi graamastulu ippatikee gurthunchukuntaaru. bbc inside avt programme (5 december 2011) nivedinchina prakaram, paav camp khaideelalo okaraina artur bran, 1944-45 sheethaakaalamlo 'avar laedii off dhi resules' anae paerutoe oka pedda painting (parimaanam 8 adugulu x 8 adugulu) nuu roopondinchaaru. idhi yuddham nundi rakshana kosam niraasaku guraina prajalu chuttoo unna padubadina nagaramlo pillalatho madonnanu choopinchindi. eee painting baden-wrttemberg (germany) looni freeberg imm breesgou nagaram sidhilaalalo kalakarudi bharyanu (madonnaga) chitreekaristundani nammutaaru (painting nepathyamlo freeberg munsternu spashtamgaa choopistundi). 1944 navambarulo freeberg imm breesgou (bran yokka sonta pattanam) paie mitraraajyaala vaimanika daadi samayamlo thana bhaarya maraninchinatlu vinna taruvaata bran eee paintingnu tayaaru chesi undavacchu. chaalaa samvatsaraalu eee painting lancashireloni oka convent yajamanyamlo undedi, taruvaata 1997loe vaelamloe vikrayinchabadindi. sthaanika aasakti kendraalu. gatamlo yorkshire imperial copperworks byaand ayina yorkshire imperial byaand graamamlo sadhana chesedi. grate britton taitil mariyu moodu british open titles champiyanlanu geluchukunna eee byaand, desamloni agrashreni brass bandlalo okati mariyu bbc loe recordinglanu tayaaru chesi, kachereelu chesindi. swarakarta edward elgar maajee yajamani (mister. devadarla' chihnam)-ippudu nivaasa gruham-mariyu tarachugaa graamamlone undedi. leads byaand dhi kaijar cheefs yokka drummer nick hodgsonku eee graamamtho kutumba sambandhaalu unnaayi. byaand adhikarikamga 16 janavari 2006naa kotta graama praathamika paatasaalanu praarambhinchindi. graamamlooni itara pramukha nivaasitulaloo rugby leag aatagaallu brian lockwood, deane mountain, daryl pavel, benn crooks, kelvin skerret, jooe arundel mariyu football kreedaakaarudu paal rickers unnaaru. prati samvatsaram eee graamamlo oka scrakero panduga jarugutundi, eee pootiiloo nivaasitulu palgontaru. 1998loe lardslo jarigina village cup jaateeya pootiiloo methley cricket club vijayam saadhinchindi. yorkshire mariyu worcestershire aatagadu mathue weit methley sii. kii praatinidhyam vahinchaaru.sii. methley united a.eff.sii. (gatamlo "methley united jfc") sthaanika football club. asalu graama football club methley perseverence eff.sii.. methley welfare eff.sii. mariyu methley rangers eff.sii. ippudu avi kooda panikiraani graama clubbulu. 2002loe sthaanika juuniyarlu graamamlo football aadataaniki mariyu 2021loe club kosam united erpadindi, ippudu purusha pasuvaidyula jattu mariyu mahilala jattutho paatu juuniyar jatlu (yuu5ess-yuu18luu) thoo kuudina 29 jatlu unnaayi. eee club desamlo vaegamgaa abhivruddhi chendutunna football clublalo okati. methley warriers a.aarr.ell.eff.sii mariyu methley raayal aarr.ell.eff.sii., ivi graama rugby leag jatlu.

methali methali leads metropolitan boro kay shehar mein eek bikhra hawaa gaaon hay juu leads kay janub mashriq mein maghrabi yarkshire england mein hay. yaha roth wail oltan wodelsford maklitawan aur alerton bayee waater kay qareeb waaqa hay. leads stee waard kuu capex aur methali kahaa jaataa hay. yaha leads kesal ford aur veek feld say banay maslas kay andar hay aur daryaae air aur daryaa kay calder kay sangam kay darmiyan hay. moakhar alzikar kuu methali pull a639 road () gaaon kay janub mashriq mein taqriba eek meel kay fasilay parr abur kiyaa jaataa hay. maqaam aur tareekh. aaj gaaon kuu aksar charch leane meen strait aur punn fold leane kay aas paas kay elaqay kay lahaaz say biyaan kiyaa jaataa hay. tahim inn galiyon parr emaratein bury hadd takk 20 wein sadee kii haine-aur yaha elaqah gaaon kay asl geografiyayi markaz kii numaindagi nahein kartaa hay. asl gaaon sent oswald kay charch kay qareeb aur khaas toor parr charch kii taraf qayem kiyaa gayaa thaa. yaha charch kay kinaray aur waater gait kay kachh hasoon kay saath 17 wein aur 18 wein sadee kii emaraton mein zahir hotaa hay. gaaon mein koyale kii kaan kanee kii tareekh hay. eek marhalay parr gaaon mein paanch kaanein chull rahee thein-"sewail koleri"yee "methali junction"yee "faaks holes" (school hull)yee "neo market"yee aur "neo market resham kaa pathar". aakhri garhay ("seville koleri") 1980 kii dahayi kay wast mein bund how gayaa. gaaon kaa eek hasah (ayem 62 motor way kay janub aur maghrab kaa elaqah) 1990 kii dahayi mein veek feld metropolitan distrikt konsal kay shehar kuu sonpa gayaa thaa. yaha alaqah jiss mein neo market aur school pahaadi kay bastiyan shaamil haine sanaati aur tafrihi tarqi kay hawalay say mansubah bundi kay tanazah kaa shikaar thaa keunkah dehatiyon kuu trafic kii satah mein izaafe kaa khadsha thaa-khaas toor parr aey 642yee bee 6135 (neo market leane aur waater gait)yee paark leane aur charch kay kinaray. airak achaar secertry aaf steat baraye communities aur maqami hukumat nay 21 joone 2012 kuu iss tarqi kii manzori dee. veek feld trenaty wild cates ragbi leeg kalb kay liye neeya steadium tarqi kaa hasah banay gaa aur asay 2015 takk makmal kiyaa jaana chahiye. methali 1086 mein yarkshire kay maghrabi sawari mein egbrag kay vapentic mein thaa. methali kaa sarway teuder cartographer christopher sexton nay kiyaa thaa juu england kay pehley atlas (1577) kay masnaf thay. tahim nqsha abb gumm how gayaa hay. emaratein. methali haal. methali haal maxbro kay aral kii sabqah nashast thee. chudhawein sadee kay doraan ddee waterton khaandaan nay ddee methali khaandaan mein shaadi kii aur methali haal mein muntaqil how gayaa juu eek bury shandar aur thoos castelted emarat thee juu ziyadah tarr teen manzilon mein phaili hoyee thee juu barj daar darwazay say chaar takk badh gayee thee. utharahwein sadee kay waater cler mein eek azeem haal dikhaya gayaa hay jiss mein eek ministral gallery aur azeem alshaan seedhiyan haine juu eek makmal lambayi waali auriyal wando kay saath sajayi gayee aur kandah shadah chhat hay. yark kay naujawan richard plantagent chaar say baarah saal kii amar takk waterton kay khaandaan kay saath 1423 takk yahaan rehtay thay jabb qomi waaqiaat nay cheezein badal dain. raabart waterton 1399 say pontifract kesal kay constable kay toor parr richard dom kay muhafiz thay aur baad mein scott lend kay jaims awal kay gaalar thay. wah mustaqabil kay hunry 4yee hunry boling brok say pooch rehaa thaa. methali haal kii nashast 1410 mein raabart kay bhayee jaan waterton kuu dee gayee thee. haall juu "deehi zindagi" kay 1907 kay edition mein shaamil thaa 1964 mein manhadam kirr diyaa gayaa thaa halankah meek boro steat abb bhee zalaa mein aham zamindar haine. malkah meeri (teek kii meeri)yee aich kii shareek hayaat. ayem. king jaarj panjam nay 1935 mein gaaon kaa dorah kiyaa aur aral kay mahman kay toor parr haal mein qayaam kiyaa. tites saalt nay methali haal kuu maxbro kay aral say 1856 aur 1865 kay darmiyan lease parr liyaa thaa. charch. peerish charch sent oswald 12 wein sadee kii pehli jamaat kii eek darj shadah emarat hay jiss kaa choki 18 wein sadee kay wast say 1937 takk thaa. choki ghair mahfuz how gayee aur asay manhadam kirr diyaa gayaa. kesal ford mein paida honay waali fankaar hunry morr charch mein aksar aatee rehti thein. necolas peosner nay 1950 kii dahayi kay aakhir mein charch aur methali haal kuu apnee "buildings aaf england" seerez kay hasay kay toor parr dastawezi shakal dee. ailan bennet nay dasambar 1998 mein charch kaa dorah kiyaa jaisa kahh inn kii tehreeron kay majmuay "inn told stories" (2005) mein zakar kiyaa gayaa hay eek dorah jasay masnaf kii ibtadayi zindagi kuu chaart karnay waalay eek khususi "dee saoth benak show" kay hasay kay toor parr filmaya gayaa thaa. "faiti keek" school house. praana pinder grain school house eek grade II kii darj shadah emarat hay juu 1637 say waater gait kay sangam parr hay aur meen leads say pontifract road parr hay. yaha school 1881 mein bund how gayaa aur eek najee rehaish gaah bunn gayaa jasay abb faiti keek school house kay naam say jaana jaataa hay. railway. methali kuu eek baar teen railway stationon say khidmaat farahim kii jaati thein: methali naarth (bund 1957) vovo methali junction (bund 1943) vovo aur methali saoth (bund 1960). gaaon say guzarnay waali asl railway line 1840 mein naarth mudd lend railway nay durby tuu leads meen line kay hasay kay toor parr banayi thee. yaha raastah abb haalim (leads-sheefeld) aur pentifract linon kaa hasah bantaa hay. barmangham kaa leads aich aiss 2 rail line kaa majuzah raastah gaaon kay maghrab mein schooli pahaadi climpcliff aur lemonroid laak kay darmiyan say guzra hogaa jehaan iss waqat yaha maghrab kii taraf murh kirr trainon kuu wodelsford kay raastay leads shehar kay markaz mein lay jaaye gaa. line kuu abb kataa diyaa gayaa hay aur aisa nahein hoga. dosri jung azeem kaa paao camp. methali dosri jung azeem kay doraan eek german paao camp kaa maqaam thaa. camp laaj kay qareeb paark leane kay shamaal kii taraf waaqa thaa. paao jhunpadiyon kii bunyadein abb bhee qareebi muainah parr nazar aatee haine. meek boro steat mein ghonslay zarayi mazdooron kay toor parr istemaal kiye jaatay thay keunkah behat say gaaon waalon kuu maslah afwaj mein bharti kiyaa gayaa thaa. sent oswald charch mein karsams kay moqaa parr honay waali khadmat kay doraan german mein steel naach helige naach (khamush raat) karnay kay liye ghonslay kuu madau kiyaa gayaa thaa-yaha eek aisa waaqiah hay jasay kachh gaaon waalay abb bhee yaad kartay haine. bee bee see kay inside aaot prograam (5 dasambar 2011) nay atlaa dee kahh aartar brown juu paao camp kay qaidiyon mein say eek thaa nay 1944-45 kay mosam sarma kay doraan 'hamaari khaatun aaf dee resores' kay anwaan say eek bury penting (size 8 fitt x 8 fitt) tayaar kii. iss mein eek tabaah haal shehar mein bachay kay saath madona dikhaya gayaa thaa jiss kay gird mayus loag thay juu khadaa say jung say tahfuz kii apeel kirr rahay thay. khayaal kiyaa jaataa hay kahh penting mein fankaar kii bewi (medona kay toor parr) kuu beaden writtemberg (germani) kay shehar freeberg imm bresgaon kay khandraat mein dikhaya gayaa hay (penting mein piss manzar mein freeberg minister kuu waazah toor parr dikhaya gayaa hay). nomber 1944 kay doraan freeberg imm bresgaon (brone kay aabayi shehar) parr itehadi fazayi hamlay kay doraan apnee bewi kii moth kay baaray mein sunnay kay baad brone nay yaha penting tayaar kii hogi. kayee saalon takk yaha penting lankishire mein eek convent kii malkiyat thee phir 1997 mein nilami mein farokhat hoyee. dilchaspi kay maqami maqamat. yark shayer imperial baind juu pehley yark shayer imperial kaapar works bend thaa gaaon mein mashq kartaa thaa. yaha baind jiss nay great bartaniah tytle aur teen bartanvi open titles kay champine jeetay haine milk kay sarkardah barsalz bend mein say eek hay aur iss nay bee bee see parr recording aur concert paish kiye haine. mausiqar edward elgar saabiq maalik (mister) kay saath dost thay. devdar' kii alaamat-juu abb eek rehaishi gahar hay-aur aksar gaaon mein rehta thaa. leads bend kay dermer nikk hodson juu keezar kay sarbarah haine kay gaaon kay saath khaandaani rawabit haine. bend nay bazabtah toor parr 16 januri 2006 kuu gaaon kaa neeya primery school khola. gaaon kay deegar qaabil zakar rehaishiyon mein ragbi leeg kay khilaadi brine laak woad deane mountain deral pawal beenn crooks calone screet juu arandal aur fitt baalar paal recurs shaamil haine. harr saal gaaon mein eek daranay kaa tehwaar munaqid hotaa hay eek muqabilah jiss mein rehaishi hasah leetay haine. methali karkat kalb nay 1998 mein lardz mein waleej cup qomi muqabilah jeeta. yarkshire aur worster shayer kay khilaadi methio weat nay methali see kii numaindagi kii hay.see. methali united aey.aif.see. (sabqah "methali united jay aif see") maqami fitt baal kalb haine. asl waleej fitt baal kalb methali perseverence aif thaa.see.. methali welfare aif.see. aur methali rengers aif.see. abb gaaon kay kalb bhee bund how chakay haine. united 2002 mein maqami juniyarz kay liye gaaon mein fitt baal khelnay kay liye tashkil diyaa gayaa thaa aur 2021 mein kalab abb eek mard waits team aur khwatin kii team kay saath juniyar teamon (yuu 5 aiss-yuu 18) parr mushtamil 29 teamein haine. yaha kalb milk mein sabb say teezi say tarqi karnay waalay fitt baal kalbon mein say eek hay. methali jangju aey.aar.eel.aif.see aur methali riles aar.eel.aif.see.yee gaaon kii ragbi leeg kii teamein haine.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69143201

Et øye på hver finger

Et øye på hver finger Et øye på hver finger (Keep Your Eyes Peeled) is a Norwegian comedy film from 1961 directed by Nils-Reinhardt Christensen. He also wrote the script for the film based on Ingeborg Storm's novel of the same name. The film stars Georg Løkkeberg, Trulte Heide Steen, and Harald Heide Steen. Plot. A new radar antenna codenamed R.A. 19 X is to be installed in a small garrison town on the Norwegian coast. The antenna is guarded by a group of soldiers. Three of them signed up for this task so they can play dance music at the Victoria Hotel when they are on leave. They are attracted to the colonel's daughter Maja, who is employed in the hotel's kitchen, but who has learned to handle joking men in uniform. Some hotel guests seem to be keeping a close eye on everything. A certain John Miller is in contact with the suspicious Bredesen, who has connections with people that show up in places where they have no business being. Dramatic, joking, and romantic scenes are played out on the rocks close to the military area. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

aaru aapunar angulire ett oh 'ye pey habhar finger (aapunar sokur bakoli raakhok) hoise 1961 sonor norjeniyo comedy sobi, jitu nils-reinhard christensonor dwara porisalito. teu ingborgo sto "rmor eke naamor uponyaxkhonor uporot aadharito kori sobikhonor sitronatyou likhisil. sobikhonot obhinoy korise jorgo lo 'keberg, trulte haid stein aaru herald haid stein. plot. aar codname thoka etaa notun raadar antena.e. norobejiyan upokulor ekhon xoru gerison sohorot 19 x sthapon koraa hoh 'bob. antenak xoinikor etaa dole xurokhya diye. teulukor tinijonoi ei kaamor baabe swakhyor korisil jaate teuluke sutit thokar xomoyot victoria hutelot nrityo xongit bojuwa koribo paare. teuluk hutelor pakghorot kaam koraa kornelor konya maajar proti aakorxito hoy, kintu ji uniform pindhi thoka puruxxokolok thatta koriboloi xikiche. kisuman hutelor otithiye xokolu bostur uporot tikhno dristi rokha zen lagise. ejon john milaar xondehjonok breadesonor xongosporxoloi aahise, jijonor logot ene lukoxokolor xomporko aase ji teulukor kunu byoboxai nuhuwa thait dekha yaay. xamorik oncholor usoror xilburot natokiyo, koutuk aaru romantik drishyoxomuh bojuwa hoy.

ebong upner anguler ett oye peey hover finger (upner chokh khosa chhadiye rakhun) 1961 saaler ekti norwegian comedy cholochchitro jaa niels-reinhard christensen dwara porichalito. tini ingberg stormer ekoi naamer uponyas abolambane cholochchitrotir chitranatyao likhechilen. cholochchitrotite george lokkebarg, trulte heid stina ebong harrald heid stina abhinoy korechen. plot. ekti notun rudder antena jaar codename r.ayee. 19 x norwegian upokuler ekti chhoto garrison shohore sthapon koraa hobey. antenati ekodol sainya dwara surokkhito thaake. taader modhye tinjan eyi kaajer jonno saina up korechilen jaate taaraa chhutite thakakalin victoria hotele nrityo sangeet bajate paare. taaraa corneler meye mazar proti akrishto hoy, jey hoteler rannaghare kaaj korey, kintu uniform poraa purushder niye rasikata korte shikheche. kichhu hoteler atithi sabkichur upor kadaa nojor rakhchen boley money hoy. ekjon john miller sondehojonok prajanankarir sangosparshe royeche, jaar emon lokder saathe sangjog royeche jaaraa emon jaiga uposthito hoy jekhane taader konao byabosa nei. samrik elakar kachakachi pathorgulite natakiya, rasikata ebong romantic drishyoguli bajano hoy.

aneey tamaari aangadio aeta oye peey haavar finger (tamaari aankhone chholi raakho) aee aee norwegian komedi film chhe jenu nirdeshan nills-rainhardt christenson dwara karvaamaa aavyu chhe. temane aaa jaj naamnee ingeborg stormani navalkathaa parr aadharit filmnee patkathaa pann lakhee hatee. aaa filmmaan jyorg lockeberg, trulte haid stein aneey herald haid stein chhe. plooat. aek navo radaar antena codname r.aee. 19 x norwena dariyakanthe aek naana chhavani nagarmaa sthaapit thavaanu chhe. antenani suraksha saineekona jooth dwara karvaamaa aave chhe. temathi trana lokoae aaa kaary maate hastakshar karyaa jethee teo rajaa parr hoya tyaare viktoriya hotelma nrutya sangeet vagaadi shake. teo karnalnee deekari maajaa taraf aakarshaay chhe, jeey hotelnaa rasodama nokri karey chhe, parantu jeey ganveshma majaak kartaa maanasone sambhaalvaanu sheekhi gaee chhe. ketlaak hottle mahemaano darek vastu parr najar raakhe chhe. aek chokkas john miller shankaspad breadesonna samparkma hoya chhe, jeey aevaa loko saathe jodaan dharaave chhe jeey aevaa sthaloae dekhaay chhe jyaan temno koee vyavsaay nathee. lashkari vistaarni najiknaa khadako parr naatkeey, majaak aneey romentic drashyo bhajavvama aave chhe.

aur apani ungli seey aitt oye paye hower finger (apani aankho koo chhilka rakhein) 1961 kii ack norwey kii haasya film haye jiska nirdeshan nills-reinhard christanson ney kiya haye. unhone ingborg storm key isi naam key upanyaas parr adharit film kii patkatha bhee likhi. film mein george lokkeberg, trulte hyde stein aur herauld hyde stein hain. plot. ack nayaa radar antina jiska kootnam aar haye.aeye. 19 x koo norwey key tata parr ack chhote seey sainya shivir shahar mein sthaapit kiya jaanaa haye. antina kii raksha sainikon key ack samooh dwara kii jaati haye. unamen seey teen ney iss kaary key liye hastakshar kiye taaki way chhutti parr honey parr victoria hotal mein nritya sangeet bajaa sakein. way curnell kii betty maajaa kii or aakarshit hotey hain, joe hotal kii rasoi mein kaam karati haye, lekin jisane vardi mein majaak karane vaale purushon koo sambhalana seekh liya haye. kuchh hotal key mehmann harr cheej parr kadee najar rakh rahey hain. ack nishchit johnn miller sandigdh prajanan key sampark mein haye, jiska una logon key saath sambandh haye joe una sthaanon parr dikhaai dete hain jahaan unakaa koee vyavasaay naheen haye. sainya kshetra key paas chattanon parr naatakiya, majakia aur romantic drishya khele jaate hain.

mattu nimma beralu ett oyy paav heaver finger (nimma kannugalannu sippesuliyuvante irisi) irisi) nills-reinhardt christensen nirdeshisida narveya haasya chalanachitravagide. avaru adhe hesarina ingeborg starmn kaadambariyannu aadharisida chalanachitrada script annu saha barediddaare. ee chitradalli georg lokkeberg, trulte hyde stein mattu harrold hyde stein natisiddaare. kathaavastuvu. aarr emba sanketanamavulla hosa radar antena.aa. 19 x annu norwegian karaavaliyalliruva ondu sanna garrison pattanadalli sthaapisalaaguvudu. antenakke sainikara ondu gumpu kaavalu kayuttade. avaralli moovaru rajeyalliruvaaga victoria hotelnalli nrutya sangeetavannu nudisalu ee kaaryakkaagi sahi haakidaru. avaru karnalna magalu maaja kadege akarshitaraguttare, avalu hotelna adugemaneyalli kelasa maaduttaale, aadare samavastradalli haasya maaduva purusharannu nibhayisalu kalitiddaale. kelavu hotel atithigalu elladara mele sookshmavaagi kannittiruvante toruttade. obba nirdishta zaan miller anumaanaaspada breadeson jote samparkadalliddaane, avaru yaavude vyaapaaravillada stalagalalli torisuva janarondige samparkavannu hondiddaare. military pradeshakke hattiraviruva bandegala mele natakiya, haasya mattu pranaya drashyagalannu aadalaaguttade.

pinne ningalude viral neels-rainhard kristtansan samvidaanam cheytha 1961-leeii oru norwegian komadi chithramaanu ettu oayu pavu heaver finger. ingeborg stoom ezhuthiya athe perilulla novaline adisthaanamaakki addeham thirakkadhayum rachichu. jorg lockeberg, trult hayed steen, harrald hayed steen ennivaraanu chithratthile pradhana thaarangal. plott. aarr enna coode naamamulla oru puthiya radar aantina.eiii. norwegian theerathe oru cheria gaarisan pattanatthil 19x sthaapikkum. oru koottam sainikaraan aantinaykku kaaval nilkkunnath. avadhiyilullappol victoria hotelil nritha samgeetham kelppikkunnathinayi avaril moonnu perr eee jolikkayi saine upp cheythu. hotelinte adukkalayil jolie cheiyunna, ennaal unifomil thamasha parayunna purushanmaare kaikaaryam cheyyaan padicha kenalinte makal majayilekku avar aakarshikkappedunnu. chila hotel athidhikal ellah kaaryangalum sookshumamaayi nireekshikkunnathaayi thonnunnu. oru joonn miller samshayaaspadamaaya breedsonumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthunnu, avarkk bisinesses illaatha sthalangalil prathyakshappedunna aalukalumayi bandhamund. sainika pradeshathinaduthulla paarakalil naadakeeyavum thamashayum romaantik ramgangalum avatharippikkunnu.

aanee heey boat ett oye peey hover finger' (aapale dolhe soloon thewa) haah 1961 salcha norwegian vinodi chitrapat aahe, jyache digdarshan nills-reinhard christancen yanni kele aahe. tyane ingeberg stormchya yach navachya kadambarivar aadharit chitrapatachi patkatha dekhil lihili. yaa chitrapatat george lokkeberg, trulte haid stein aanee harrald haid stein yanchya bhoomika aahet. plot. aar. heey sanketik naav asalele naveen radar antena.aaa. 19 x heey norwechya norwechya eka chhotya chhawani shaharat basavale jaanar aahe. antenache rakshan sainikanchya gatadware kele jaate. tyanchyapaiki tighanni yaa kamasathi nondani kelee jenekarun teey rajevar asatana victoria hotelmadhye nrutya sangeet vajavu shaktil. teey karnalchi mulgi majakade aakarshit hotat, jee hotelchya svayampakgharat kaam karate, parantu ganveshatil vinod vinod purushanna hatalayala shikali aahe. kahee hotelche atithi pratyek goshtivar barkaine laksh thevun asalyache disate. eka vishisht johnn miller sanshayaspad breedsonchya samparkat asato, jyache sambandh asha lokanshi asatat jeey tyancha konatahi vyavasay nasalelya thikani disatat. lashkari kshetrajavalil khadkanvar natyamay, vinodatmak aanee pranayramya drushye sadar kelee jaatat.

anie afno aunlaa pani att oye pey hobhar finger (afno aankha chholieko rakhnuhos) sann 1961 ko nervegian kamedi film how june niels-reinhard cristainsendwara nirdeshit chha. unle ingeborg starmako sohi namko upanyasma adharit filmko patakatha pani lekheka thie. filmma george lokkeberg, trulte hyde stein rar herald hyde steinle abhinaya gareka chhan. plut. euta nayan radar antena kodnem r.ae. 19 x nervegian tatama euta sano garrison saharma sthapana garine chha. antenalai sainikharuko samuhale suraksha dinchha. uniharu madhye tinle yass karyaka lagi sine up gare taaki uniharu chhuttima hunda victoria hotelma nritya sangit bajauna sakun. tiniharu karnalaki chhori majaprati akarshit hunchhan, jo hotelko bhansama karyarat chhin, tara jasle wardima majak garne purushharulai handle garna sikeki chhin. kehi hotelka pahunaharule sabai kurama najikbata nazar rakhiraheka chhan jasto dekhinchha. ek nishchit john miller sandigdha breadationko samparkama chha, jasko kunai wyawasaya nabhaeko thaunma dekha parne manisharusanga sambandha chha. sainya khetra najikaka chattanharuma natakiya, majak rar romantic drishyaharu bajainchha.

ebong aanguthi upare ett oa pay habhar phingara (aapananka aakhi chhanantu) heuchhi 1961 masihar eka narawejian kamedi chalachitra, jahara nirdeshana deichhanti niels-reinhardt christension. shay injeberg starmanka samaana namara upenyas upare aadharita chalachitrara script madhya lekhithile . ehi chalachitrare jorg lokkeberg, trulte hyde stein ebong harrald hyde stein abhinai karichanti. plut. eka nutan radara antena jahara sanketa naama r.aii. 19 x narawej upakoolare eka chhot garrison saharare sthapita heba . antenaku eka dala sainikanka dwara surakhya diajae . semananka madhyaru tini john ehi karjya paain shine up karithile jaahaa dwara semane chhutire thibabele victoria hotelare nrutya sangeeta bajaiparibe . semane karnelanka jhia majanka prati akarshita huanti, jie hotelara roshei ghare kaama karanti, kintu junipharmare purushamananku parihas kariba shikhichanti. kichhi hotel atithi sabu jinish upare tikhna nazar rakhithiba pari manehue . jane zohn miller sandigdha prajananakareenka sahita jogajogare achanti, jahankara sehi lokamananka sahita samparka rahichhi jeunmane sehi sthanare upasthita huanti jeunthare semanankara kaunasi byabasai naahin. samarika anchala nikatabartee pathara upare natakiah, hasyaspada ebong romantic drushyamana khelajae .

atey ungal naal aitt oye peey harr finger (aapniaan akkhan noon chhill keey rakkho) 1961 dee ikk narveji kamedi film haii jiss daa nirdeshan niels-reinhart christonson neey keeta haii. unhan neey isey naam dey ingborg storm dey nawal 'teey adharat film dee script vee likhi. film witch jaarg lockberg, trult hyde stein atey harrold hyde stein neey abhinai keeta haii. plaat. ikk navaan radar antina kodnem r haii.aii. 19 x noon narve dey tatt utte ikk chhote jihe fauji chauki kasbe witch sathapit keeta jaanha haii. antina dee raakhi sainikan dey ikk samooh duaara keeti jaandi haii. unhan vicchon tinnan neey iss kamm laee sine upp keeta taan joe uh chhutti 'teey honn' teey victoria hotel witch dance sangeet vajaa sakann. uh karnal dee dhee maaja vall aakarshit hunde hunn, joe hotel dee rasoi witch kamm kardi haii, parr jiss neey varadi witch mazak curran vaale aadmiaan noon sambhalna sikkh liaa haii. kujh hotel mehmann harr cheez utte nediyon nazar rakkh rahey jaapde hunn. ikk khaas jauhan miller shakki breedson dey samparak witch haii, jiss dey uhanan lokan naal sambandh hunn joe uhanan thaavan 'teey dikhai dinde hunn jitthe uhanan daa koee carobar naheen haii. fauji khetar dey nede chattanan utte nataki, mazak atey romantic drish khede jaande hunn.

etam angulee ett oy pey haver finger (keep yuvar ais peeled) 1961 tamavarshasya narveji-deshasya haasyachalacchitram asti, yasya nirdeshanm nills-reinhard christainson ityanena krutam asti. saha ingborg-starm ityasya eva naamnah upanyaasasy aadhaaren chalacchitrasya chitrakathaam api alikhat. asmin chalachchitre jaarj lockeberg, trulte haid stein, herald haid stein cha abhinayishyanti. plut. aar iti sanketanaamayuktah nootanah radar-antenna asti.a. naarve-deshasya tate laghunagare 19 x iti sainya-sainya-nagaram sthapaniyam asti. antenna sainikasamoohen rakshyte. teshu trayah asmin karyartham panjeekrutavantah yena te viraamasamaye victoria-hotel-madhye nrutya-sangeetam vaayitum shaknuvanti. te carnell ityasya putree maja prati aakarshitaah bhavanti, yaa hotel ityasya pakashalayam karyam karoti, parantu ganaveshtite purushaanaam haasyam nirvahitum shikshitaa asti. kechan hotel-atithayah sarvaan vishaye atyantam nireekshayanti iti bhaasate. kashchan jaan miller ityeshah sandigdhena breedeson ityanena saha samparke asti, yasya samparkah tebhyah janaihi saha asti ye tatranam sthaaneshu drushyante yatra teshaam vyavasaayah naasti. sainyakshetrasya sameepe shilaasu natakiyani, hasyani, romantic-drushyaani cha pradarshyante.

maelum, ungkal viral edd oai pae hivar finker (ungkal kankalaith thudaitthu vaiththirungkal) enbathu 1961 aam aandu nills-rainhard christension iyakkiya oru norwejian nagaichchuvaith thiraippatamaagum. athae peyaril ulla injaepoark starmin naavalai adippadaiyaagak konda padaththirkaana thiraikkathaiyaiyum avar ezhuthinaar. inththa padaththil jork lockeberg, trulte hight stein mattrum haaraalt hight stein aagiyoar nadiththullanar. sathi. r endra kuriyeettu peyaridappatta oru puthiya radar andena.auuu. 19 x norway kadarkaraiyil ulla oru siriya kaavarpadai nagaraththil niruvappada ullathu. andena oru veerargalin kuluvaal paathukaakkappadukirathu. avarkalil moontru paer inththa panikku kaiyezhuththittanar, enavae avarkal vidumuraiyil irukkumpoathu victoria hootalil nadana isaiyai isaikka mudiyum. avarkal karnalin magal majavai noakki eerkkappadugiraargal, aval hootalin samaiyalaraiyil vaelai seikiraal, aanaal seerudaiyil nagaichchuvaiyaaga aangalaik kaiyaala kattrukkondaal. sila hootal virunththinargal ellaavattraiyum unnippaagak kankaanitthu varuvathaagath therikirathu. oru kuripitta john miller santhegaththirkidamaana bredessionudon thodarbu kondullaar, avarkalukku vanigam illaatha idangkalil thoandrum nabarkaludan thodarbu kondullaar. iraanuvap pakuthikku arugilulla paaraikalil viyaththagu, nagaichchuvaiyaana mattrum kaathal kaatchigal vilaiyaadappadugindrana.

inca mea vaelu ett oyy pae heaver finger (mea kallu tokkisalaatagaa unchukondi) anedi 1961 nundi nills-reinhardt christenson darsakatvam vahinchina norwegian haasya chitram. injeborg tuphaanu navala aadhaaramgaa adhe paerutoe eee chitraaniki script kooda raasaaru. eee chitramlo georg lokkeberg, trulte hyde stein mariyu harald hyde stein natinchaaru. plaatlu. aarr anae sanketanamam gala kotta radar antenna.eah. 19 x nuu norwegian teeramloni oka chinna sainika sthaavara pattanamlo erpaatu cheyali. antenna sainikula brundamchae kapalaga untundi. vaarilo mugguru eee pani kosam saine up chesaaru, tadwara vaaru selavulo unnappudu victoria hotels nrutya sangeetaanni vaayinchavachhu. vaaru hotel vantagadilo panichese kalnal kumarte maaja vaipu aakarshitulavutaaru, conny aame unifamlo unna purushulanu saradaagaa nirvahinchadam neerchukundi. kontamandi hotel atithulu pratidee nisitamgaa gamanistunnatlu anipistundi. oka nirdishta zaan miller anumaanaaspada breadeson thoo sambandham kaligi unnadu, vaariki vyaparam laeni pradaesaalaloo kanipinche vyaktulatoe sambandhaalu kaligi unnadu. sainika praantaaniki daggaragaa unna raallapai naatakeeya, haasyabharitamaina, srungaara drushyaalu pradarsinchabadataayi.

aur iss kii angli say aett away paa harr funger (apnee aankhein chheel kirr rakhein) 1961 kii eek naarway kii mazahiya film hay jiss kii hidayat kaaree neels raine haard crustancen nay kii hay. inhon nay asee naam kay anjbarg storm kay naawal parr mubni film kaa script bhee likhaa. film mein jaarj locaberg trilt hyde steen aur herold hyde steen nay adakari kii hay. plaat. eek neeya redar antina jiss kaa code naam r hay.aey. 19 aiks naarway kay saahil parr eek chhotay say garrison qasbey mein nasb kiyaa jaana hay. antina kii hifazat fojiyon kay eek grop kay zariye kii jaati hay. inn mein say teen nay iss kaam kay liye saain app kiyaa taakah jabb wah chhatti parr hoan tuu victoriah hotal mein raqs kii mausiqi bajaa sakein. wah karnal kii betty maaja kii taraf raghib hotay haine juu hotal kay bawarchi khaaney mein kaam karti hay leakin jiss nay wardi mein mazaaq karnay waalay mardon kuu sanbhalna seekh liyaa hay. aisa lagtaa hay kahh kachh hotal kay mahman harr cheez parr gehri nazar rakhay hoay haine. eek jaan miller mushtabah breadson kay saath raabtay mein hay jiss kay inn logon say raabtay haine juu inn jighon parr zahir hotay haine jehaan inn kaa koyee karobar nahein hotaa hay. foji elaqay kay qareeb chatanon parr dramayi mazaaq aur romanvi munazir paish kiye jaatay haine.

0001630266eea9b55785f8bce02ea16944ca02db70f19288a33e84ba34bc9b8a

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56268251

Joshua McKoon

Joshua McKoon American politician Joshua McKoon (born February 25, 1979) is an American politician from the state of Georgia. He is a member of the Republican Party and formerly represented the 29th district in the Georgia State Senate. He currently serves as Chairman of the Georgia Republican Party. In 2017, McKoon announced that he would not be seeking re-election for State Senate. He ran for Georgia Secretary of State, but came in third in the primary receiving nearly 112,000 votes. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

jusuwa mekun jusuwa mekun (jonmo 25 february, 1979) georgia rajyor egoraki aamerikan rajneetibid. teu republican dolor xodosyo aaru purbote georgia rajyik sinetot 29tomo jilak protinidhitwo korisil. 2017 sonot mekunoi ghuxona korisil je teu rajyik sinetor baabe punor nirbason nibisaribo. teu georgier rajyik xosibo podor baabe protidondita korisil, kintu prathomikot pray 112,000 bhut laabh kori tritiyo sthanot aasil.

joshua macon joshua macoon (jonmo february 25,1979) georgia rajyer ekjon markin rajnitibid. tini republican partyr sadasya ebong purbe georgia rajyo sineter 29tomo jelara protinidhitto korechilen. 2017 saale, macoon ghoshana corren jey tini rajyo sineter jonno punra nirbachan chaiben naa. tini georgier pororashtro sachiber jonno protidwondita korechilen, kintu pray 112,000 bhot peye prathomik nirbachone tritiya hohn.

joshua macoon joshua makoon (janm 25 februari, 1979) georgia rajyanaa aek american rajkarani chhe. teo prajasattak pakshna sabhy chhe aneey agau georgia raajy senetmaa senetmaa jillaanu pratinidhitva kartaa hataa. hataa, mccoonae jaaherat curry hatee keey teo raajy senate maate fareethi chuntani nahee ladey. teo georgia secretory off state maate dodyaa hataa, parantu lagbhag 112,000 mutt melavtaa praathmeek chuntanima trija sthaane aavyaa hataa.

joshua makoon joshua macoon (janm 25 farwari, 1979) georgia raajya key ack americi rajneta hain. way republican party key sadasya hain aur pahale georgia raajya senate mein 29vein jile kaa pratinidhitva karate they. 2017 mein, macoon ney ghoshana kii kii vaha raajya senate key liye phir seey chunaav naheen ladenge. way georgia key raajya sachiv key liye chunaav ladey, lekin lagbhag 112,000 vote praapt karke praathamik mein teesare sthaan parr rahey.

joshuwa mccoon joshuwa mccoon (janana phebravari 25,1979) georgia rajyada obba american rajakarani. avaru republican pakshada sadasyaraagiddu, ee hinde georgia raajya senetnalli 29neey jilleyannu pratinidhisiddaru. 2017ralli, raajya senetge maru-chunavanegagi taanu prayatnisuvudilla endu mccoon ghoshisidaru. avaru georgia raajya karyadarshi sthanakke spardhisidaru, aadare sumaru 112,000 matagalannu padeda praathamika chunavaneyalli moorane sthaanadalliddaru.

joshuva makkoon jorjia samsthaanathu ninnulla oru american raashtreeyakkaaranaan joshuva makkoon (jananam februvari 25,1979). republican partyile amgamaaya addeham munbu jorjia stettu senattile 29-aamathe jilla prathinidheekarichu. 2017ll, samsthaana senattilekku veendum thiranjedukkillennu makkoon prakhyaapichu. addeham jorjia stettu sekrattariyilekku malsarichuvenkilum ekadesham 112,000 vottukal nedi primeryil moonnaam sthaanathethi.

joshua makoon joshua mccoon (janm 25 februwari 1979) haah georgia rajyatil eka american rajkarani aahe. teey republican pakshache sadasya aahet aanee purvi georgia rajya cinetmadhye 29 vya jilhyache pratinidhitva karat hote. 2017 madhye, mccoonney jaheer kele qee too rajya sinetsathi punha nivadanuk ladhavanar nahee. teey georgiachya rajya sachivpadasathi ladhale, parantu sumare 112,000 matey midvat prathamik nivadanukit teey teey kramankavar aale.

joshua makun joshua makun (janma february 25,1979) georgia rajyaka ek americi rajnitigya hun. uni republican partyka sadasya hun rar pahile georgia rajya cinetma 29 aun jillako pratinidhitwa gareka thie. sann 2017 maa, makanle rajya cineteka lagi punah chunawa nachaheko ghoshana gare. uni georgiako rajya sachivka lagi daudama thie, tara lagbhag 112,000 mutt prapta gardai prathamikma tesro sthanma ae.

joshua mccoon joshua makun (janma februari 25,1979) georgia rajyara jane americae rajneta. shay republican partyra jane sadasya ebong purbaru georgia rajya sinetare 29 tama jillaku pratinidhitwa karithile. 2017 ray, mccoon ghoshana karithile je shay rajya sineta paain punarbara nirbachana karibe naahin. shay georgia secretary off state paain pratidwandita karithile, kintu praiah 112,000 bhot paai prathamikare truteeja sthanare rahithile.

joshua macoon joshua macoon (janam 25 farvari, 1979) georgia raaj daa ikk amriki siasatdan haii. uh republican party daa member haii atey pahilan georgia raaj dee senate witch witch zilhe dee numaindagi karda see. 2017 witch, macoon neey ailaan keeta kii uh raaj dee senate laee dubara chonh naheen ladega. uh georgia dey raaj sakattar laee daudiaa, parr primary witch lagbhag 112,000 vott prapat karke teeje sathaan 'teey riha.

joshuvaa makkoon joshuvaa makkoon (jananam februvari 25,1979) georgia-rajyasya amerikaadeshasy raajaneetidnyah asti. saha republican-pakshasya sadasyah asti, poorvam georgia-rajya-seenet-madhye 29 tamasya mandalasya pratinidhitvam krutavaan. 2017 tame varshe, makkoon ityeshah rajya-seenet-krute punah nirvaachanam naa praarthayet iti ghoshayat. saha georgia-deshasya raajyasachivapadasya krute dhaavan, parantu praayah 112,000 mataan praapya praathamik-spardhayam truteeyam sthaanam avaapnot.

joshuva mccoon joshuva mccoon (prappu pipravari 25,1979) georgia maanilatthaich saerntha oru america arasiyalvaathi aavaar. avar kudiyarasuk katchiyin uruppinaraaga ullaar, munbu georgia maanila senattil 29 vadhu mavattaththai pirathinithiththuvappaduththinar. 2017 aam aandil, mccoon maanila senattirku meendum thaernthedukkap poavathillai endru arivitthaar. avar georgia maanilach seyalaalaraaga poattiyittaar, aanaal kittatthatta 112,000 vaakkugalaip pettru muthanmaip poattiyil moontraavathu idaththaip pidiththaar.

joshuva makkoon joshuva makkoon (jananam fibravari 25,1979) georgia raashtraaniki chendina oka american raajakeeyavetta. athanu republican party sabhyudu mariyu gatamlo georgia rashtra senatelo 29va jillaaku praatinidhyam vahinchaadu. vahinchaadu, mccoon taanu rashtra senetku tirigi ennika korukovadam ledani prakatinchaaru. athanu georgia secretory off state kosam pootii chesaadu, conny daadaapu 112,000 otlu pondina primarylo moodava sthaanamlo nilichaadu.

joshwa mikon joshwa mikon (paidaish 25 faroori 1979) riyasat jarjiya say taaluq rakhnay waali eek americi seyasat daan haine. wah republican paarti kay rakan haine aur iss say qabal jarjiya kii riyasati senate mein 29 wein zalaa kii numaindagi kartay thay. 2017 mein mikon nay aalaan kiyaa kahh wah riyasati senate kay liye dobarah intekhaab nahein karein gay. wah jarjiya kay wazeer khaarjah kay liye dodh mein hasah lay rahay thay leakin taqriba 112,000 woat haasil kartay hoay primery mein teesre number parr aayey.

0001637d701dc0514d304b5596748b1585f380d5a90f421c512a0b6db0528e58

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=47589836

Norgestomet

Norgestomet Chemical compound Norgestomet, or norgestamet, sold under the brand name Syncro-Mate B and Crestar, is a progestin medication which is used in veterinary medicine to control estrus and ovulation in cattle. Uses. Veterinary. Norgestomet is used in veterinary medicine. Pharmacology. Pharmacodynamics. Norgestomet is a progestogen. In addition to the progesterone receptor, it possesses weak (micromolar) affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor. Chemistry. Norgestomet, also known as 11β-methyl-17α-acetoxy-19-norprogesterone or as 17α-hydroxy-11β-methyl-19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione acetate, is a synthetic norpregnane steroid and a derivative of progesterone. History. Norgestomet was developed and introduced for veterinary use in the mid-1970s. Society and culture. Generic names. "Norgestomet" is the generic name of the drug and its INN, USAN, and BAN. It also known as "norgestamet" and is known by its developmental code name SC-21009. Brand names. Norgestomet is marketed under the brand names Syncro-Mate B and Crestar. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

norgestmate norgestmate baa norgestmate, jitu brend naam sinokro '-mett bi aaru cresterot bikri koraa hoy, hoise ek projestin ouxodh jitu goru-moo' horr istras aaru dimbosphoton niyontron koriboloi poxu sikitsa ouxodhot byobohar koraa hoy. byobohar kore. poxusikitxa. poxu sikitsar khetrot norgestmate byobohar koraa hoy. ouxodh bigyan. ouxodhgotibidya. norgestmate hoise etaa projestujen. projestaron receptoror uporiu, iyar glucocorticoid receptoror proti durbol (maikro "moo" laar) protibondhokota aase. roxayon bigyan. norgestmate, jaak 11β-methyl-17α-acetoxy-19-norprujestaron baa 17α-hydroxy-11β-methyl-19-norpegnant-4-eno-3,20-diane acetate buliu jonaa yaay, hoise ek xongslexito norpregnant steroid aaru projestaronor ek byobohar. itihax. 1970-ror doxokor majbhagot poxusikitxar byoboharor baabe norgestmate bikoxito aaru proborton koraa hoisil. xomaj aaru xongoskriti. xadharon naam. "norgestmate" hoise ouxodh aaru iyar jenerik naam, aaru. iyak "norgestmate" buliu jonaa yaay aaru iyak iyar bikaxmulok code naam essi-21009-ror dwara jonaa yaay. brendor naam. norjestometok sinokro '-mett bi aaru crester brend naamere bikri koraa hoy.

norgestomate norgestomate baa norgestamate, jaa sincro-meeta bii ebong crester branned naame bikri hoy, ekti progestine oshudh jaa poshuchikitsa oshudhe gobadi poshur estrus ebong dimbosphoton niyantran korte byabohrito hoy. byabohar korun. poshuchikitsa. norgestomate poshuchikitsa chikitsai byabohrito hoy. pharmacology. pharmacodynamics. norgestomate ekti progestogen. progesterone receptor chharao, etty glucocorticoid receptortir proti durbal (micromolar) akarshan dharon korey. rasayan. norgestomate, jaa 11β-methyl-17α-acetoxy-19-norprogesterone baa 17α-hydroxy-11β-methyl-19-norpregone-4-enn-3,20-dione acetate nameo porichito, ekti synthetic norpregnain steroid ebong progesteroner ekti byutpatti. itihas. norgestomate 1970-err doshoker majhamajhi somoye poshuchikitsa byaboharer jonno toiri ebong chaalu koraa hoyechilo. samaj oo sangaskriti. sadharan naam. "norgestomate" holl oshudher sadharan naam ebong err, ebong. etty "norgestamate" nameo porichito ebong err unnoyonmulok code naam esha. shee-21009 dwara porichito. brander naam. norgestomate sincro-meeta bii ebong crester branned naame bajarjat koraa hoy.

norgestomate norgestomate athavaa norgestamate, jene sincro-meeyt bii aneey crestar brand naam hethal vechvaamaa aave chhe, teey aek progestine davaa chhe jeno upyog pashuchikitsama astrus aneey ovulationne niyantrit karvaa maate thaay chhe. upyog karey chhe. pashuchikitsa. pashuchikitsama norgestomateno upyog thaay chhe. pharmacology. pharmacodynamics. norgestomate aee progestogen chhe. progesterone receptor upraant, teey glucocorticoid receptor maate nabalu (micromolara) aakarshan dharaave chhe. rasayanshastra. norgestomate, jene 11β-methyl-17α-acetoxy-19-norprogesterone athavaa 17α-hydroxy-11β-methyl-19-norpregne-4-aena-3,20-dione acetate tareeke pann odakhvaamaa aave chhe, teey aek krutrim norpregnen steroid chhe aneey progesterone vyutpann chhe. itihas. 1970naa daykana madhyamaa pashuchikitsaanaa upyog maate norgestomate vikasavvama aavyu hatoo aneey rajoo karvaamaa aavyu hatoo. samaaj aneey sanskruti. saamanya naamo. "norgestomate" aee davaanu saamanya naam chhe aneey tenu, aneey. tene "norgestmate" tareeke pann odakhvaamaa aave chhe aneey teey tenaa vikaslakshi qoda naam aesa. see.-21009 dwara odakhaay chhe. brand naamo. norgestomate vechaan sinkro-meeyt bii aneey crestar brand naamo hethal karvaamaa aave chhe.

norgestomate norgestomate, yaa norgestamate, jise synchro-mett bee aur crestar brand naam seey becha jaataa haye, ack progestine dawa haye jiska upayog pashu chikitsa mein astrus aur maveshiyon mein ovulation koo niyantrit karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. upayog karein. pashu chikitsa. pashu chikitsa mein norgestomate kaa upayog kiya jaataa haye. pharmacology. pharmacodynamics. norgestomate ack progestogen haye. progesterone receptor key alawa, isamen glucocorticoid receptor key liye kamjor (sookshm) lagaav hotaa haye. rasayan vigyaan. norgestomate, jise 11β-methyl-17α-acetoxy-19-norprogesterone yaa 17α-hydroxy-11β-methyl-19-norpregne 4-aine-3,20-dione acetate key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, ack synthetic norpregnen steroid haye aur progesterone kaa ack vyutpann haye. itihas. 1970 key dashak key madhya mein pashu chikitsa upayog key liye norgestomate vikasit aur pesh kiya gayaa thaa. samaaj aur sanskriti. samanya naam. "norgestomate" dawa kaa samanya naam haye aur iska, aur. ise "norgestamate" key roop mein bhee jaanaa jaataa haye aur ise isake vikasatmak code naam aiss. see.-21009 seey jaanaa jaataa haye. brand naam. norgestomate kaa vipanan synchro-mett bee aur crestar brand naamon key tahat kiya jaataa haye.

norgestomate norgestomate athawa norgestamet, synchro-mait bii mattu chrestar emba brand hesarinalli maaraatavaaguttade, idu progestine aushadhiyaagiddu, idannu pashuvaidyakiya aushadhadalli januvarugalalli eestras mattu andotpattiyannu niyantrisalu balasalaaguttade. balakege. pashuvaidyakiya. pashuvaidyakeeyadalli norgestomate annu balasalaaguttade. aushadhashaastra. pharmacodynamics. norgestomate ondu progestogen aagide. progesterone grahakada jotege, idu glucocarticoid grahakakke durbala (micromolar) akarshaneyannu hondide. rasaayanashaastra. norgestomate, 11β-methyl-17α-acetoxy-19-nore progesterone athawa 17α-hydroxy-11β-methyl-19-norpregnen-4-enee-3,20-dione acetate endoo kareyalpaduttade, idu samshleshita norpregnane steroid mattu progesteranninda vyutpannavagide. itihaasa. 1970rahra dashakada madhyabhaagadalli pashuvaidyakiya balakegagi norgestometannu abhivraddhipadisalaayitu mattu parichayisalaayitu. samaja mattu samskruti. saamaanya hesarugalu. "norgestomate" embudu aushadhada saamaanya hesaru mattu adara, mattu. idannu "norgestamet" endoo kareyalaaguttade mattu idannu adara abhivruddhi sanketanaamavaada ess. sii-21009 endu kareyalaaguttade. brand hesarugalu. norgestomate annu synchro-mait bii mattu chrestar emba brand hesarugalalli marata maadalaaguttade.

norgestomettu synchro-medu bii, kresttar ennee brand namangalil vilkkunna norgestomettu allengil norgestamettu, kannukaalikalile eastress andotpaadanavum niyantrikkaan vettinari medisinil upayogikkunna oru projasttin marunnaan. upayogikkunnu. mrgashaala. vettinari medisinil norgestomettu upayogikkunnu. farmacology. pharmacodynamics. norgestomettu oru projastojanaanu. projestrone resepterinu purame, ithinu glucocorticoid resepterumaayi durbalamaaya (micromolar) aduppamundu. rasathanthram. 11β-methyl-17α-asettoxy-19-norprojestaron allengil 17α-hydroxy-11β-methyl-19-norpreganen-4-enn-3,20-dion asattett ennum ariyappedunna norgestomettu oru synthetic norpreganen steroid projestronil ninnu uruthirinjathumaanu. charithram. 1970 kalude madhyathil vettinari upayogathinaayi norgestomettu vikasippikkukayum avatharippikkukayum cheythu. samoohavum samskaaravum. pothuvaaya perukal. "norgestomettu" ennathu marunninte pothuvaaya peraanu, athinte,,,,. norgestaamett" ennum ariyappedunna ithu athinte vikasana coode naamamaya essie-21009 ennariyappedunnu. brand perukal. synchro-mettu bii, kresttar ennee brand naamangalilaan norgestomettu vipananam cheiyunnathu.

norgestomate synchro-mett bii aanee crestar yaa brand navane vikale jaanare norgestomate kinwa norgestamate heey progestine aushadh aahe, jeey pashuvaidhyakiy aushadhanmadhye guranmadhye estrus aanee ovulation niyantrit karnyasathi vaparale jaate. vapar. pashuvaidhyakiy. norgestomate vapar pashuvaidhyakiy aushadhanmadhye keela jaato. aushadhashastra. pharmacodynamics. norgestomate heey eka progestogen aahe. progesterone receptor vyatirikt, tyat glucocorticoid receptorsathi kamkuvat (micromolar) aakarshan asate. rasayanshastra. norgestomate, jyala 11β-methyl-17α-acetoxy-19-norprogesterone kinwa 17α-hydroxy-11β-methyl-19-norpregnant-4-aine-3,20-dione acetate mhanoonahi olakhale jaate, heey eka krutrim norpregnant steroid aahe aanee progesterone vyutpann aahe. itihas. 1970 chya dashakachya madhyat pashuvaidhyakiy vaparasathi norgestomate vikasit aanee sadar karnyat aale. samaj aanee sanskruti. samanya nave. "norgestomate" heey aushadhache samanya naav aahe aanee tyache, aanee. yala 'norgestamate' asehi mhanatat aanee teey tyachya vikasatmak sanketik naav ess. see.-21009 neey olakhale jaate. brand nave. norgestomate vipanan synchro-mett bii aanee crestar yaa brand navankhali kele jaate.

norgestmate norgestmate, kimba norgestmate, jaahaa sinkro-mett bii ebong crestara brand naamare bikri hue, eka projestin oushadha jaahaa pashu chikitsa oushadhare gorumanankathare astrus ebong dimbasphotanaku nijantrana kariba paain byabahruta hue . byabahara karantu. pashu chikitsa. pashu chikitsa chikitsare norgestomate byabahruta hue . oushadha bigyana. pharmacodynamics. norgestomate heuchhi eka projestogen. projesteron receptor byatita, ehaa glucocurticaid receptor paain durbala (micromolar) akarshana dhaaran kare . rasayan bigyana. norgestomate, jaahaaku 11β-methyl-17α-acetoxy-19-norprogesteron kimba 17α-hydroxy-11β-methyl-19-norpregnen-4-enn-3,20-dyeon acetate madhya kuhajae, eka synthetic norpregnen steroid ebong projesteronra eka derivetive . itihas. norgestomate 1970 dashkar madhyabhagare pashu chikitsa paain bikashita ebong prabartita hoithila . samaj ebong sanskruti. sadharana naama. "norgestomate" heuchhi oushadhara generic naama ebong ehara, ebong. ehaa "norgestamate" naamare madhya janashuna ebong ehara bikashatmaka code naama ess. sii-21009 dwara janashuna . brand naama. narajestometaku sinkro-mett bii ebong crestara brand naamare bikri karajaithae.

norgestomate nergastemate, jaan norgastemate, brand naam sinkro-mett bee atey crestar dey tehat vechiaa jaanda haii, ikk progestine dawai haii joe pashuaan witch astrus atey ovulation noon niyantrit curran laee veterinary dawai witch varti jaandi haii. varton. veterinary. norgestomate dee varton veterinary dawai witch keeti jaandi haii. pharmacology. pharmacodynamics. norgestomate ikk progestogen haii. progestrone receptor toon ilava, iss witch glucocarticoid receptor laee kamzor (micromolar) nedta hundi haii. rasayan. norgestomate, jiss noon 11β-methyl-17α-acetoxy-19-norprogesterone jaan 17α-hydroxy-11β-methyl-19-norpregon-4-ainn-3,20-dione acetate vee kiha jaanda haii, ikk synthetic norpregnon steroid haii atey progestrone daa ikk derivative haii. itihaas. norgestomate noon 1970 dey dahake dey maddh witch veterinary varton laee vikast atey pesh keeta giaa see. samaaj atey sabheyachar aam naam. "norgestomate" drugg daa aam naam haii atey iss daa, atey. iss noon "norgstamate" vee kiha jaanda haii atey iss dey vikas code naam aiss. see.-21009 naal janhiaa jaanda haii. brand naam. norgestomate noon brand naam sinkro-mett bee atey crestar dey tehat vechiaa jaanda haii.

nargestomate nargestomate athavaa nargestmet, sinkro-mett bii tathaa crestar iti brand-namna vikreeyate, etat progestine-aushadham asti yat pashuvaidyakeeya-chikitsaayaam pashunam astrus tathaa ovulation ityetaan niyantrayitum upayujyate. upayoge. pashuchikitsaam. nargestomate ityasya upayogah pashuvaidyakeeya-chikitsaayaam bhavati. aushadhavidnyaanam. aushadha-gatividnyaanam. nargestomate iti projestojen asti. progestirone-receptor-ityetaat atirichya, asya glucocorticoid-receptor-prati durbalam (macrow-molar) aatmiyataam asti. rasayanashastram. nargestomate, 11β-mithail-17α-acetoxy-19-narprogestirone athavaa 17α-hydroxy-11β-mithail-19-narpregnen-4-ena-3,20-dione acetate iti namna api prasidhah, ekaha synthetic narpregnen steroid asti, progestirone ityasya vyutpannah cha asti. itihaasah. nargestomate 1970 tamasya dashakasy madhyabhaage pashuvaidyakeeya-upayogartham vikasitam, pravartitam cha aasit. samaajah samskrutihi cha. samanyanama. "nargestomate" iti aushadhasya samanyam naam asti, tathaa cha, tathaa. etat "nargestmet" iti namna api prasidhah asti, tasya vikaasaatmak-sanketanamna ess. sii.-21009 ityanena api prasidhah asti. brand-naamaani. nargestomate ityasya vipananam sink-mett-bii tathaa crestar iti brand-namna bhavati.

norstomet chincro-maed pii mattrum chrestar endra brand peyaril virkappadum norgestomet allathu norgestamet, oru progestine marunththaagum, idhu kaalnadai maruththuvaththil kaalnadaigalil eastress mattrum andaviduppin alavaik kattuppaduttha payanpaduththappadukirathu. payanpaduththukirathu. kaalnadai maruthuvam. kaalnadai maruththuvaththil norgestomet payanpaduththappadukirathu. marunthiyal. marunthiyal iyakkaviyal. norgestomet enbathu oru progestogen aagum. progesterone aerpikku koodudhalaaga, idhu clucocardicaidu aerpikku palaveenamaana (micromolar) thodarbaik kondullathu. vaethiyiyal. narchestomet, 11β-methyl-17α-acetoxy-19-norbrogestrone allathu 17α-hydroxy-11β-methyl-19-norbren-4-een-3,20-diane acetate endrum azhaikkappadukirathu, idhu oru seyarkai norbregnane steroid mattrum progesterone vazhiththoantral aagum. varalaaru. 1970 kalin naduppaguthiyil kaalnadai payanpaattirkaaga norgestomate uruvaakkappattathu mattrum arimugappaduththappattathu. samoogam mattrum kalacharam. podhuvaana peyarkal. "norgestomet" enbathu marunthin podhuvaana peyar mattrum adhan, mattrum. idhu "norgestamet" endrum azhaikkappadukirathu mattrum adhan valarchi kuriyeettu peyaraana ess. chii-21009 aall azhaikkappadukirathu. brand peyarkal. norgestomet chincro-maed pii mattrum chrestar endra brand peyarkalil santhaippaduththappadukirathu.

norgestomate norgestomate ledhaa norgestamet, synchro-mait bii mariyu crestar anae brand paerutoe vikrayinchabadutundi, idhi pasuvulalo eestras mariyu andotsargamunu niyantrinchadaaniki pasuvaidya vaidyamlo upayoginche oka progestine aushadham. upayoginchandi. pasuvaidya. pasuvaidya vaidyamlo norgestometnu upayogistaaru. aushadha shaastram. pharmacodynamics. norgestomate anedi oka progestogen. progesterone graahakamtho paatu, idhi glucocarticoid graahakaaniki balaheenamaina (micromolar) anubandhaanni kaligi untundi. rasayana shaastram. norgestomate, dheenini 11β-methyl-17α-acetaxy-19-naar progesterone ledhaa 17α-hydroxy-11β-methyl-19-norpregnen-4-enee-3,20-dione acetate anie kooda pilustaaru, idhi synthetic norpregnane steroid mariyu progesterone yokka utpannam. charitra. 1970la madhyalo pasuvaidya upayogam kosam norgestomate abhivruddhi cheyabadindi mariyu pravesapettabadindi. samajam mariyu samskruti. saadhaarana paerlu. "norgestomate" anedi aushadham yokka saadhaarana paeru mariyu daani, mariyu. dheenini "norgestamet" anie kooda pilustaaru mariyu dheenini daani abhivruddhi sanketha namam essi-21009 thoo pilustaaru. brand paerlu. norgestomate synchro-mait bii mariyu crestar anae brand paerlatoe vikrayinchabadutundi.

norgestomate norgestamate yaa norgestamate juu braand naam sankro meet bee aur crestar kay tahat farokhat kiyaa jaataa hay eek projistan dawaa hay juu janwaron mein estras aur bezah daani kuu control karnay kay liye veterinary adviyaat mein istemaal hoti hay. istemaal karein. veterinary. norgestomate veterinary medison mein istemaal hotaa hay. pharmacology. pharmacodenamics. norgestomate eek projastojan hay. projastron receptor kay alawah iss mein glococorticide receptor kay liye kamzor (micro moller) waabistagi hoti hay. chemistry. norgestomate jasay 11β-methyl-17α-acetoxy-19-norprojusterone yaa 17α-hydroxy-11β-methyl-19-norpreng 4-aine-320-ddion acetate kay naam say bhee jaana jaataa hay eek masnuyi norprengan steroid hay aur projastron say makhuz hay. tareekh. norgestomate kuu 1970 kii dahayi kay wast mein veterinary istemaal kay liye tayaar aur mutaarif karaya gayaa thaa. smaaj aur saqafat. aam naam. "norgestomate" iss dawaa kaa aam naam hay aur iss kaa aur. asay "norgestamate" kay naam say bhee jaana jaataa hay aur asay iss kay tarqiyati code naam aiss see-21009 say jaana jaataa hay. braand kay naam. norgestomate kuu braand naamon sankro meet bee aur crestar kay tahat farokhat kiyaa jaataa hay.

000164ddee38f98ce8e8927974d2dadc16326035a171060da86659db05a2c75c

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki?curid=8149948

ព័ន្ធ

ព័ន្ធ Khmer. Etymology. From or . .

khomer. byutpotti. baar poraa. .

khmer. byutpatti. theke baa. .

khamer. vyutpatti. athavaa. .

khamer. vyutpatti. yaa seey. .

khamer. vyutpatti. athawa. .

pii. emm. khemar. padavyuthpathishaasthram. allengil. .

khamer. vyutpatti. kinwa pasoon. .

khamera. wyutpatti. wabata. .

khamerar. byutpatti. kimba ru. ..

khamer daa daura crow. shabdawali. jaan toon. .

khamer iti. vyutpattih. vaa vaa. .

oru nalla kemar. sorpirappiyal. allathu. .

khamer. vyutpatti. nundi ledhaa. .

khameer. siftiyat. yaa say. .

000164ebcb1b923a5825c48dc7ea41f3ccad1b74669495378e9b05aeb03c3a89

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46182505

Aulacophora nigripennis

Aulacophora nigripennis Species of beetle Aulacophora nigripennis is a species of leaf beetle in the genus Aulacophora. Description. The beetle is relatively small with a hard, black exoskeleton containing faint yellowish dots around the sides. The head is a deep, bright orange, while "A. nigripennis" has a large orange compartmentalized thorax. Feeding. A. nigripennis is a pest that feeds off of the 28 species in the "Dianthus" and "Tricosantes" genera of plants by creating a circular "trench" using its mandibles. After circularly cutting through the leaf, the trench overflows with sticky phloem sap that, through cohesion, sticks to form a semicircle around the beetle. The beetle then sucks the sap using its mouth. Pest control. Researchers at the Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science have conducted research in using "trap plants" to kill off and reduce the numbers of "A. nigripennis". Because "A. nigripennis" is attracted particularly to "Dianthus pungens" in the "Dianthus" genera, "D. pungens" trap plants were the most effective, reducing the population of "A. nigripennis" from 1.5 beetles per 100 carnation plants to a mere 0.1 beetles, a 93.3% reduction. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

oh 'lakufura nigripenis oh 'lakufura nigripenis hoise oh' lakufura gonor ek projatir paator bittle. bornona. bittle tulonamulokbhabe xoru aaru iyar sariufale khyin halodhiya bindu thoka etaa kothin, koo 'laa ex' scalaton thaake. murtu etaa gobhir, ujjwol komola, aanhate "e". nigripenisot "etaa dangor komola compartmentalized tho" rax aase. khadyo. e. nigripenis hoise ek keat ji iyar mendibol byobohar kori brittakar "trence" sristi kori "dianthus" aaru "trichucents" udbhidor 28taa projatir khadyo khaay. paattu brittakarbhabe kaati diyar pisot, khondatu athajukto fluem roxore bhori pore, ji xonghotir joriyote bittlor sariufale etaa ordhobritto gothon koriboloi laagi thaake. bitoltuwe taar pisot mukh byobohar kori roxtu suxe. keat niyontron. udyan bigyanor baabe japani xomajor alusonikhonor gowexokxokole "e" ror xongkhya hraax koriboloi aaru hotya koriboloi "trape udbhid" byobohar korar khetrot gowexona korise. nigripenis ". kaaron "e". nigripenis "bixexkoi" dianthus "projatir" dianthus pungance "ror proti aakorxito hoy. pangens "trape udbhidbur ataitkoi pholoproxu aasil, jaar folot" e "ror jonoxongkhya hraax paisil. nigripenis "proti 100taa carnation udbhidot 1.5taa bittlor poraa maatro 0.1taa bitololoi, etaa 93.3% hraax.

oulacophora nigripenis aulakophora nigripenis holl aulakophora goner ekti projatir paata bittle. bornona. bitolti tulonamulokbhabe chhoto ebong ekti shokto, kaalo exoskeleton royeche jaar charpashe ksheen holud bindu royeche. mathati ekti govir, ujjal komla ronger, ebong "a". nigripeniser ekti borh komla compartmented bokkho royeche. khawano. ayee. nigripenis holl ekti kitpatanga jaa "dianthus" ebong "trichosants" projatir 28tii projatike taar mandible byabohar korey ekti brittakar "parikha" toiri korey khaay. brittakarbhabe patati cutter porey, porikhati athalo floem sapp diye upoche porey jaa, sanghatir madhyome, bittler charpashe ekti ardhobritto toiri korte lege yaay. bitolti tarpor taar mukh byabohar korey rostee chushe neyo. kitpatanga niyantran. uddantotto bigyaner jonno japani samajer journaler gobeshokra "trap udbhid" byabohar korey "ayee"-err sankhya hrass korar jonno gobeshona korechen. nigripenis. kaaron "ayee. nigripenis bishesh korey "dianthus" goner "dianthus pungens"-err proti akrishto hoy. pangen 'trap' gachguli sabcheye karjokor chhilo, jaa 'ayee'-err jonosongkha hrass korechilo. nigripenis "proti 100tii karneshana udbhidte 1.5tii bittle theke matro 0.1tii bittle, ekti 93.3% hrass.

aulakofora nigripenis aulakofora nigripenis aee aulakofora jaatima pandadana bhamaroni aek prajaati chhe. varnan. bhamaro pramanma naano hoya chhe, jemaa sakhat, kaalaa exoscalaton hoya chhe, jemaa bajuoni aaspaas hadvaa pilaa rangnaa binduo hoya chhe. maathu undun, tejasvi narangi rangnu hoya chhe, jyaare "a". nigripenis "maan aek vishaal narangi compartmentalised chhaati hoya chhe. khoraak. aee. nigripenis aee aek jantu chhe jeey tenaa mandiblesno upyog kareene golaakaar "khaai" banaaveene "dyanthus" aneey "trichocents" jaatinaa chhodni 28 prajatione khoraak aape chhe. pandadane golaakaar reete kaapya pachhi, khaaima sticky floem septhee bharai jaay chhe, jeey eksootrataa dwara bhamaroni aaspaas ardhvartul banaave chhe. bhamaro pachhi tenaa monno upyog kareene rus chuse chhe. jantu niyantran. japanese sosayati phora horticulture sciencenaa journalna sanshodhakoae "aee" nee sankhyaane ghatadva aneey tene maarvaa maate "trape plants" noow upyog kareene sanshodhan haath dharyu chhe. nigripenis ". kaaran keey "aaa. nigripenis "khaas kareene" dyanthus "jaatima" dyanthus pungens "taraf aakarshaay chhe. pungens "trape plants sauthee asarkarak hataa, jeey" aaa "nee vastee ghataadati hatee. nigripenis "100 carnation chhod deeth 1.5 bhrungthi maatra 0.1 bhrung sudhee, aek 93.3% ghataado.

aulakofora nigrippanis aulakofora nigripenis, aulakofora vansh mein patti bhring kii ack prajaati haye. varnan. bhring apekshaakrit chhota hotaa haye aur ack kathor, kaale exoskeleton key saath kinaaron key chaaron or halke peele rung key bindu hotey hain. sir ack gahara, chamkila narangi haye, jabaki "aeye. nigrippenis mein ack badaa narangi compartment vaalaa vaksh hotaa haye. khilana. aeye. nigripenis ack keat haye joe paudhon kii "dyanthus" aur "trichocents" peedhi mein 28 prajaatiyon koo apane mundibles kaa upayog karke ack golakar "khaai" banaakar khaata haye. patte koo golakar roop seey kaatane key baad, khaai chipchipa floem russ seey bhar jaati haye, joe samanjasya key madhyam seey, bhring key chaaron or ack ardhvritt banaane key liye chipak jaati haye. bhring taba apane munh kaa upayog karke russ choosata haye. keat niyantran. bagwani vigyaan key liye japani samaaj kii patrika key shodhkartaon ney "aeye" kii sankhya koo cumm karane aur cumm karane key liye "trap plants" kaa upayog karane mein shodh kiya haye. nigrippanis. kyonki "aeye. nigripenis vishesh roop seey "dyanthus" vansh mein "dyanthus pungens" kii or aakarshit hotaa haye. pungens trap key paudhe sabse prabhaavi they, jisase aeye kii aabaadi cumm hoe gaee. nigripenis "prati 100 carnation paudhon mein 1.5 bhringon seey kewal 0.1 bhringon taka, ack 93.3% kamee.

oulaakophoraa nigripennis oulaakophoraa nigripennis embudu oulaakophoraa kulada ele jirundegala ondu prabhedavagide. vivarane. jeerunde tulanaatmakavaagi chikkadaagiddu, gattiyaada, kappu exoskeleton badigala suttaloo masukaada haladi chukkegalannu hondiruttade. taleyu aalavaada, prakashamanavada kittale bannaddagiruttade, aadare "a". nigripennis "dodda kittale bannada compartmentalised thorax annu hondide. aahara. aa. nigripennis ondu kitavagiddu, adara mandibalgalannu balasikondu vrattakarada "kandaka" vannu rachisuva moolaka "dianthus" mattu "trichosantes" sasyagala kulada 28 prabhedagalannu tinnuttade. eleyannu vrattakaravagi kattarisida nantara, kandakavu antu floem rasadinda tumbi hariyuttade, adhu oggattina moolaka, jeerunde sutta ardha vrattavannu roopisuttade. jeerunde nantara tanna baayiyannu balasikondu rasavannu hirikolluttade. keeta niyantrana. totagaarike vignaanakkaagi japanese society journaln samshoodhakaru "aa" sankhyeyannu kollalu mattu kadime maadalu "trap sasyagalannu" balasuvalli samshoodhane nadesiddaare. nigripennis ". ekendare "aa. nigripennis "visheshavaagi" dianthus "kulada" dianthus pungans "ge aakarshisalpaduttade. pungans trap sasyagalu atyanta parinamakari, idu aa. yaya janasankhyeyannu kadime maaditu. nigripennis "prati 100 cornation sasyagalige 1.5 jirundegalinda kevala 0.1 jirundegalige, ondu 93.3% kadita.

olacophora nigripennis aulakophora janussile oru ila vandaanu aulakophora nigripennis. vivaranam. vashangalil mangiya manjaniratthilulla kuthukal adangiya kadinavum karuthathumaaya exoskelittan ulla eee vandu thaarathamyena cheruthaanu. thala aazhathilullathum thilakkamullathumaaya ooranchu niramaan, athesamayam "a". nigripennisinu oru valia ooranchu compartmentalised thorax undu. bhakshanam. eiii. dianthus", "trichosantus" janussukalile 28 inam sasyangale avayude mandibleukal upayogichu vrithaakrithiyilulla "trench" srishtichu bhakshikkunna oru keedamaanu nigripennis. ila vrithaakruthiyil murichathinushesham, trench stikki floyam surp kondu nirayunnu, athu samanvayathiloode, vandinu chuttum oru ardhavritham undaakkunnu. thudarnnu vandu athinte vaaya upayogichu sravam valichedukkunnu. keeda niyanthranam. japanese sosaitti phoor hortikalcharal sayansile jenalile gaveshakar "eiii" yude ennam kollunnathinum kuraykkunnathinum "trap plaantukal" upayogikkunnathinekkur gaveshanam nadathiyittundu. nigripennis ". kaaranam "eiii. nigripennis "dianthus" janussile "dianthus pungensilekku" prathyekichum aakarshikkappedunnu. pungens trap plaantukalaanu ettavum phalapradamaayathu, ithu "eiii" yude janasamkhya kuraykkunnu. 100 carnation chedikalil 1.5 vandukalil ninnu verum 0.1 vandukalaayi nigripennis, oru 93.3% kuravu.

alakophora nigripenis alakophora nigripenis hii alakophora vanshatil pananchya bhrunganchi eka prajati aahe. varnan. bhring tulanene lahan asato aanee tyachya kadaa, kalya bahereel bahulyansah bajunchya bhovati fikat pivalya rangache thipke asatat. doke khol, chamakdar naringi rangache asate, tarr "aaa". nigripenismadhye eka motha naringi compartmentalised vaksh asato. aahar. aaa. nigripenis haah eka keetak aahe joou tyachya mandibalscha vapar karoon golakar khandak tayar karoon "dyanthus" aanee "trichocents" vanaspatinchya vanshatil 28 prajatinna aahar deto. paan golakar kaplyanantar, khandak chikat floem rasane bharoon vahate, joou ektrikaranadvare chikatoon bhrungbhovati ardhvartul tayar karato. tyanantar bhring tyachya tondadvare rus shoshato. keetak niyantran. japani society phaur horticultural sciencechya niyatkalikatil sanshodhakanni 'aaa' chee sankhya qamee karnyasathi aanee nasht karnyasathi 'trap plants' vaparnyat sanshodhan kele aahe. nigripenis ". kaaran "aaa. nigripenis visheshtah 'dyanthus' vanshatil 'dyanthus pungens' kadey aakarshit hote. aii' chee loksankhya qamee karoon, 'pungens' chya sapalyachya vanaspati sarvat prabhavi hotya. prati 100 carnation vanaspatinmadhye 1.5 bhrunganpasun fakt 0.1 bhrunganparyant, mhanje 'nigripenis' mhanje 93.3% chee ghat.

olakofora nigripenis aulakofora nigripenis aulakofora wanshako paat bittleko ek prajati how. warnan. bittle apekshakrit sano hunchha jasma kada, callo exoskeleton hunchha jasma chheuma halka pahenlo binduharu hunchhan. tauko gahiro, ujyalo suntala hunchha, jabki "ae". nigripenis "maa thulo suntala compartment garieko waksha hunchha. khana khanuhunchha. ae. nigripenis euta keat how jasle yasako mendibalharu prayog garera golakar "trench" sirjana garera "dianthus" rar "trichocents" prajatika 28 prajatiharulai khanchha. patlai golakar rupma katne pachhi, khand chipchipa floem rasle bharincha june, ektabadhata marfat, bittleko waripari ardhawritta banauna tansinchha. tyasapachhi bhringle afno mukh prayog garera rus chuschha. keat niyantran. japani society ferr herticulture scienceko journalka shodhkartaharule "ae" ko sankhya marne rar cum garna "trap plant" prayog garne anusandhan gareka chhan. nigripenis ". kinbhane "aha. nigripenis "vishesh gari" dianthus "genera" maa "dianthus pungens" maa akarshit hunchha. pangensko trap botabiruwaharu sabaibhanda prabhawkari thie, jasle "ae" ko janasankhya ghataeko thiyo. prati 100 carnession botabiruwaharuma 1.5 bhringharubata matra 0.1 bhringharuma, ek 93.3% kami.

olakophora nigripenis oulakofora nigripenis heuchhi oulakofora ganara eka prajatira patra bhrunga. barnana. ehi bhrunga apekhyakruta chhot ebong ehara parsware eka kathina, kalaa exoskeleton thaae, jeunthire parsware durbala haladia bindu thaae. mundati eka gabhira, ujjwala kamala rangara hoithibabele "a". nigripennisare eka budd kamala compartmentalised thorax achhi . khadya. aii. nigripennis heuchhi eka keat jaahaa "dianthus" ebong "trichocents" prajatira 28tii prajatiku ehara mendible byabahara curry eka bruttakara "trench" srusti curry khaithae . patraku bruttakara bhabe katiba parey, parikhati aathajukta floem rasare paripurna hoithae, jaahaa sanjoga madhyamare, bittle charipate eka ardhabrutta gathan kariba paain laagi rahithae. ehapare bhrungati taa 'muhn byabahara curry rasaku chushijae. keat nijantrana. journal off daa japanese society pharr horticultural sciencer gabeshakamane "aii" rahr sankhyaku mariba ebong hrass kariba paain "trap plant" byabahara kariba upare gabeshana karichanti. nigripennis ". kaaran "a". nigripennis "bisesh curry" dianthus "ganara" dianthus pungensa "prati akarshita hoithae. pangensra trap gachagudika sabutharu prabhabasali thila, jaahaa "aii" rahr sankhyaku hrass karithila. prati 100tii carnession gachare 1.5tii bitalaru nigripennis maatra 0.1 bittle parjyanta, eka 93.3% hrass.

aulakofora nigripenis aulakofora nigripanis aulakofora jeanus witch patta beatle dee ikk prajati haii. varnan. beatle mukabaltan chhota hunda haii jiss dey pasion ikk sakhat, qaala exoskeleton hunda haii jiss witch paase dey aale-duaale halke peele bindu hunde hunn. sir ikk dungha, chamakdar santri haii, jadon kii "aii". nigripenis witch ikk vadda santri compartmentalized thorax hunda haii. khaana. aii. nigripenis ikk keeda haii joe paudiaan dee "dianthus" atey "trichocents" peedhi deeaan 28 prajatiaan noon iss dey mendible dee varton karke ikk circular "khaee" bnaa keey bhojan dinda haii. patte noon circular taur 'teey kattan toon baad, khaee chipchipa floam rus naal bharr jaandi haii joe ekta duaara, beatle dey duaale ikk aradh-chakkar banaun laee chipak jaandi haii. firr beatle aapne moonh dee varton karke rus chusta haii. keat niyantaran. japani suciety phaar harticultural science dey journal dey khojkartavan neey "aii" dee ginti noon maaran atey ghataun laee "trap paude" dee varton curran witch khoj keeti haii. nigripenis ". kiunki "aii. nigripenis "vishesh taur utte" dianthus "janra witch" dianthus pungence "vall aakarshit hunda haii. pungence trap paude sabh toon prabhavshali sunn, jiss naal "aii" dee aabadi ghatt hoee. nigripenis "pratee 100 carnation paudiaan witch 1.5 beatle toon siraf 0.1 beatle takk, ikk 93.3% qamee.

aulaakoforaa nigripenis aulaakoforaa nigripenis iti aulaakoforaa-vamshasya patra-bhrungasya ekaha prajaatih asti. varnanam. bhrungah apekshaakrutah laghuhu asti, yasya paarshveshu ksheen-peeta-binduhu yuktah kathinah krushnavarneeya-baahya-asthipanjarah asti. shiraha gahanah, ujjwalah naarangavarnah asti, yadaa cha "a" iti. nigripennis ityasya vishaalah naarangavarnah compartmentalaised-vakshah asti. aharaha. a. nigripennis iti keetah asti yah "dianthus" tathaa "trachosantes" sasyanam 28 prajaatim tasya mendible-ityetaan upayujya vruttaakaar-"trench" iteedam nirmitvaa poshayati. patrasya vruttaakaar-karshanena, parikhaa, snigdhena flome-rasyena pravahati, yat ekataayaah madhyamena, bhrungasya paritah ardhavruttam nirmaatum baddham bhavati. tatah bhrungah swamukhena sraavam shoshayati. keetaniyantranam karotu. japanese-society-faar-harticulture-sains ityasya journal ityasya samshodhakaah "e" ityasya sankhyaam nyooneekartum cha "trap-plants" ityasya upayoge samshodhanam krutavantah. nigripenis "iti. yato hii "a" iti. nigripennis "visheshatayaa" dianthus "vamshasya" dianthus pangens "prati aakarshitah asti. pangens-trape-sasyaani sarvaadhikam prabhaavasheelaani aasan, yena "a" ityasya janasankhyaa nyooneebhavati. nigripenis "prati 100 kaarneshan-sasyeshu 1.5 bhrungaihi kevalam 0.1 bhrungaparyantam, yat 93.3% nyunata asti.

alagofora nigribennis alagofora nigribennis enbathu alagofora paerinaththil ulla oru ilai vandu inamaagum. vilakkam. vandu oppeettalavil siriyathu, kadinamaana, karuppu exoskeleton pakkankalaich suttri mangalaana manjal pulligalaik kondullathu. thalai oru aalamaana, pirakaasamaana aaranjchu, athae neraththil "a. nigribennis "oru periya aaranjchu compartmental maarbagaththaik kondullathu. unavu. auuu. nigribennis enbathu oru poochchi aagum, idhu "dianthus" mattrum "trichosantus" thaavarangalin inangkalil ulla 28 inangkalai adhan mandipilgalaip payanpaduththi oru vatta "agazhi" uruvaakkuvathan moolam unavaagak kondullathu. ilaiyai vattamaaga vetti mudiththa piragu, agazhi ottum floam saappudan nirambi vazhigirathu, adhu oththisaivin moolam, vandu suttri oru arai vattaththai uruvaakka ottukirathu. vandu adhan vaayaip payanpaduththi saappai urinchukirathu. poochchik kattuppaadu. thottakkalai ariviyalukkaana japanian samoogaththin idhazhil ulla aaraaychchiyaalarkal "pori thaavarangalai" payanpaduththi "a" inn ennikkaiyaik kuraippathil aaraaichi nadaththiyullanar. nigribennis ". aenenil "auuu. nigribennis "kurippaaga" dianthus "inaththil ulla" dianthus bungens "meethu eerkkappadukirathu, d. bungens "pori thaavarangal migavum payanullathaaka irunththana, idhu" a "inn makkalthogaiyaik kuraiththathu. nigribennis "100 cornation thaavarangalukku 1.5 vandugal muthal verum 0.1 vandugal varai, oru 93.3% kuraippu.

aulakophora nigripennis aulakophora nigripennis anedi aulakophora jaatiki chendina aaku beatle yokka oka jaathi. vivarana. beatle saapekshamgaa chinnadi, balamaina, nalupu exoskeleton thoo vaipula masaka pasupu chukkalanu kaligi untundi. thala lothaina, prakaasavantamaina narinja rangulo untundi, ayithe "a". nigripennis "pedda narinja compartmentalized thorax kaligi untundi. tinipinchadam. eah. nigripennis anedi oka tegulu, idhi daani mandibles upayoginchi vruttaakaara "kandakaanni" srushtinchadam dwara "dianthus" mariyu "trichosantes" jaatulaloni 28 jaatulanu tinestundi. aaku gundaa vruttakaramga kattirinchina taruvaata, kandakam jigatagala floem rasamtho pongi pravahistundi, idhi samyogam dwara, beatle chuttoo ardha vruttam erpadataaniki antukuntundi. beatle appudu daani notini upayoginchi rasaanni peelchukuntundi. tegulla niyantrana. udyaana shaastram kosam japanese society journal parisoedhakulu "eah" sankhyalanu champadaaniki mariyu tagginchadaaniki "trop plants" nuu upayoginchadamlo parisoedhanalu nirvahinchaaru. nigripennis ". endukante "a. nigripennis "mukhyamgaa" dianthus "jaatilooni" dianthus pungans "vaipu aakarshinchabadutundi. pungans trop mokkalu atyanta prabhaavavantamgaa undevi, ivi "eah" yokka janabhanu tagginchaayi. nigripennis "100 cornation mokkalaku 1.5 beatles nundi kevalam 0.1 beatles varaku, oka 93.3% taggimpu.

aalakofora negrepens aalakofora negrepens aalakofora jains mein patee kay bettle kii eek nooa hay. wazahat. bettle nasbata chhota hotaa hay jiss kay eek sakhat seeyah exoscultan hotaa hay jiss kay itraaf mein halkay pailay rung kay naqtay hotay haine. sarr eek gehra roshan naranji hay jabkah "a". nagripens "mein eek badaa naranji dabah bund chhaati hotaa hay. khaana khayein. aey. negrepens eek keeda hay juu podon kii "dianthus" aur "trichocents" nasal kii 28 anwaa kuu iss kay mendables kaa istemaal kartay hoay eek circler "khandaq" banaa kirr khaa jaataa hay. patoon kuu circler tareeqe say kaatnay kay baad khandaq chapchapa floweem russ say bhar jaataa hay juu humm aahingi kay zariye bettle kay gird eek neem dairay kii tashkil kay liye chapak jaataa hay. iss kay baad bettle apnay manah kaa istemaal kartay hoay russ kuu choos leeta hay. keedon parr qaabu. journal aaf dee japani society faar harticultural science kay mohqaqeen nay "aey" kii taadad kuu maarnay aur kumm karnay kay liye "trape plants" kay istemaal parr tehqeeq kii hay. negrepens. keunkah "aey. negrepens "khaas toor parr" dianthus "nasal mein" dianthus panjeenz "kii taraf raghib hotaa hay ddee. panjeenz trape kay poday sabb say ziyadah mosar thay jiss say "aey" kii aabadi mein kamee waaqa hoyee. negrepens "phee 100 cornation podon mein 1.5 battles say mahaz 1.1 battles takk eek 93.3% kamee.

0001664096314265657c43ad5d3593fbc1129b8848bf065361a87552c8f62a87

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1933457

California Bell Company

California Bell Company The California Bell Company, a company that produces bells, was established in 1914 by Mrs. A.S.C. Forbes. The company has its headquarters in Saratoga, California. Their history goes back to 1906, when Forbes designed the first of the El Camino Real Bells. Background. The California Bell Company was the first to make the original 1906 El Camino Real Bell. They also manufacture other Mission Style Bells which will compliment any Spanish style home. California Bell also makes church bells for customers as far away as Kenya and Tonga but most reside in the US or Canada. California Bell was established in 1906 and closed in 1960. In 2000, a customer wanted to buy a bell to place in his backyard from the owner of California Bell. The owner would not sell him the bell unless he purchased the whole company. John Kolstad bought the company and reopened California Bell Company's doors in 2000. The company has now made over 1500 bells for customers such as Caltrans, cities, counties, and just for individuals who want them as a decoration. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

california bail company california bail company, ghonta utpadon koraa etaa company, 1914 sonot srimotir dwara protistha koraa hoisil. e.ess.chi. forbos. companytur mukhyo karzaloy californier saratugat aase. teulukor itihax 1906 sonoloi ghuri yaay, jetiya forbese el caminu real belor prothomtu design korisil. potobhumi. california bail companye 1906 sonor mool el caminu real bail prostut koraa prothom aasil. teuluke onyo obhijan xoilir ghontau nirman kore ji jikunu spanis xoilir ghorok proxongxa koribo. california bele grahokxokolor baabe kenia aaru tongar dore durot girjar ghontau toiyar kore kintu besibhagei aamerika juktorastro baa kanadat baax kore. california bail 1906 sonot protistha koraa hoisil aaru 1960 sonot bondho koraa hoisil. 2000 sonot ejon grahoke california belor malikor poraa teur pisfale etaa ghonta kinibo bisarisil. malikjone gutei companykhon kroy nokoraloike teuk ghontatu bikri nokore. john colostede companytu kroy korisil aaru 2000 sonot california bail companyr duwar punor khula hoisil. companytuwe etiya caltrance, sohor, countyr dore grahokxokolor baabe baabe odhik ghonta toiyar korise aaru kewol xei byoktixokolor baabe jixokole xeiburok xojja hisape bisare.

california bell company california bell company, ekti sangostha jaa ghanta utpadon korey, 1914 saale misses dwara protisthito hoyechilo. ayee.esha.shee. forbes. californier saratoga companyr sodor doptor royeche. taader itihas 1906 saal theke firey yaay, jokhon forbes ell camino asol ghantar prothom naksha korechilen. patabhumi. california bell company prothom 1906 saaler asol ell camino real bell toiri korey. taaraa anyanno mission shailir ghantao toiri korey jaa jey konao spanish shailir baadir poripurok hobey. california bell kenia ebong tonga porjonto durborti grahokder jonno girjar ghantao toiri korey tobey beshirbhag markin juktorashtro baa kanada baas korey. 1906 saale california bell protisthito hoy ebong 1960 saale bondho hoye yaay. 2000 saale ekjon grahok california beler maliker kachh theke taar baadir pichoner uthone rakhar jonno ekti ghanta kinte cheyechilen. malik taake ghantati bikri korbe naa jodi naa seey puro companity kiney neyo. john coalstad companity kinechilen ebong 2000 saale california bell companyr darja punra khulechilen. companity ekhon caltrance, shohor, county ebong kebolmatro seisob byaktider jonno 1500-row beshi ghanta toiri koreche jaaraa segulike sajja hisabe chaay.

california bail kampani california bail kampani, jeey ghantanu utpaadan karatee kampani chhe, tenee sthaapnaa shrimati dwara dwara karvaamaa aavee hatee. aee.aesa.see. forbes. companynu mukhya mathak keliforniyana saratogama chhe. temno itihas itihas chhe, jyaare forbese pratham all camino vaastavik ghantani rachnaa curry hatee. prushthbhumi. california bail kampani aee pratham hatee jene mool 1906 all camino vaastavik ghantadi banaavi hatee. teo anya mission shaileeni ghantadeeo pann banaave chhe jeey koipan spanish shaileena gharnee purak hashe. california bail kenya aneey tonga jetla durnaa graahako maate churchnee ghantadi pann banaave chhe parantu motabhagna yuu. aesa. athavaa kenedama rahe chhe. california belnee sthaapnaa sthaapnaa karvaamaa aavee hatee aneey aneey bundh karvaamaa aavee hatee. aneey, aek graahak california belnaa maaleek pasethi tenaa backyardma mukavaa maate ghantadi khareedava maangato hato. jyaan sudhee teey aakhee kampani khareedato nathee tyaan sudhee maaleek tene ghantadi vechato nathee. john collusted companyne khareedi aneey aneey california bail companyna darvaja pharii kholyaa. kampaniae havey caltrance, shahero, kaaunteeo jevaa graahako maate aneey maatra teey vyakteeo maate maate vadhu ghantadeeo banaavi chhe jeo temne sajavat tareeke ichchhe chhe.

california bell company california bell company, ack company joe ghanti kaa utpaadan karati haye, kii sthaapana 1914 mein shrimati dwara kii gaee thee. aeye.aiss.see. forbes. company kaa mukhyalaya saratoga, california mein haye. unakaa itihas 1906 taka jaataa haye, jaba forbes ney ell camino vaastavik ghantiyon mein seey pahali koo design kiya thaa. prishthabhoomi. california bell company mool 1906 ell camino vaastavik ghanti banaane vaali pahali company thee. way anya mission shally kii ghantiyon kaa bhee nirmaan karate hain joe kissy bhee spanish shally key ghar kii prashansa karenge. california bell bhee grahakon key liye church kii ghanti banaata haye joe kenya aur tonga seey door haye lekin adhikansh america yaa kanada mein rahate hain. california bell kii sthaapana 1906 mein hui thee aur 1960 mein bund hoe gaee thee. 2000 mein, ack graahak california bell key malik seey apane pichwade mein rakhane key liye ack ghanti kharidana chaahata thaa. malik usey taba taka ghanti naheen bechega jaba taka kii vaha poori company naheen khareed letaa. johnn coalstead ney company koo kharida aur 2000 mein california bell company key darwaaje phir seey khol diye. company ney abb caltrance, shaharon, county jaise grahakon key liye 1500 seey adhik ghantiyaan banaa lii hain, aur kewal una vyaktiyon key liye joe unhein sajawat key roop mein chaahte hain.

california bell kampani california bell kampani, gantegalannu utpaadisuva kampaniyannu 1914 ralli srimati sthaapisidaru. aa.ess.sii. forbes. kampaniyu californiada saaraatogaadalli tanna pradhana kacheriyannu hondide. avara itihaasavu 1906kke hindiruguttade, forbes modala ell camino naija gantegalannu vinyasagolisidaga. hinnele. california bell kampaniyu 1906rahra moola ell camino real bell annu tayaarisida modala kampani. avaru itara mission sailiya gantegalannu saha tayaarisuttaare, adhu yaavude spanish sailiya manege purakavagiruttade. california bell saha kenya mattu tongadashtu dooradalliruva grahakarige church gantegalannu maaduttade aadare hechchinavaru us athawa kenadaadalli vaasisuttaare. california bell annu 1906 ralli sthaapisalaayitu mattu 1960 ralli muchchalaayitu. 2000 ralli, grahakarobbaru california belna malikarinda tamma hittalinalli irisalu ganteyannu khareedisalu bayasiddaru. avanu idee kampaniyannu khareedisada horatu malikaru avanige ganteyannu marata maduvudilla. zaan collstad ee kampaniyannu khareedisi 2000ralli california bell kampaniya bagilugalannu punah tereyitu. kampaniyu eega caltrons, nagaragalu, kountigalantaha grahakarige mattu avugalannu alankaaravaagi bayasuva vyaktigalige 1500kkoo hecchu gantegalannu tayaariside.

california bell kambani munny nirmmikkunna kambaniyaaya california bell kambani 1914 ll srimati sthaapichathaanu. eiii.ezz.sii. forbes. kaaliforniyayile sarattogayilaan kambaniyude aasthaanam. 1906 ll ell camino riyal belsil aadyathethu forbes roopakalppana cheythappol avarude charithram thirichupokunnu. pashchaathalam. 1906 leeii yadhaartha ell camino riyal bell aadyamaayi nirmmichathu california bell kambaniyaanu. eathoru spanish shailiyilulla veedinum poorakamaaya mattu mission shailiyilulla manikalum avar nirmmikkunnu. california bell upabhokthakkalkkaayi kenia, tonga enniva vare palliyile manikal undaakkunnu, ennaal mikkavarum usilo canadayilo thaamasikkunnu. 1906ll sthaapithamaaya california bell 1960ll adachu. 2000ll oru upabhokthaav california bellinte udamayil ninnu thante veettumuttathu oru munny vaangaan aagrahichu. kambani muzhuvan vaangaathe udama munny vilkkilla. joonn colstad kambani vaangukayum 2000-ll california bell kambaniyude vaathilukal veendum thurakkukayum cheythu. caltrans, nagarangal, kaundikal thudangiya upabhokthakkalkkum avaa oru alankaaramaayi aagrahikkunna vyakthikalkkum vendi kambani ippol 1500-ladhikam manikal nirmmichittundu.

california bail company california bail company, ghanta tayar karnari company, 1914 madhye shrimati yanni sthapan kelee. aaa.ess.see. forbes. companyche mukhyalay californiatil saratoga yethe aahe. tyancha itihas 1906 salaparyant mage jaato, jevha forbesney ell caminochya vastavik ghantanpaiki pahilya ghanta tayar kelya. parshvabhoomi. california bail company hii mool 1906 ell camino vastavik ghanta banavnari pahili company hotee. teey mission shailichya itar ghanta dekhil tayar karatat jyaa konatyahi spanish shailichya gharachi purak asateel. california bail heey keeniya aanee tonga sarkhya durchya grahakansathi charchchya ghanta dekhil banavate parantu bahutek america kinwa canadamadhye rahatat. california bail 1906 madhye sthapan karnyat aalee aanee 1960 madhye bund karnyat aalee. 2000 madhye, eka grahakala california belchya malkankadun tyachya anganat thevanyasathi eka ghanta vikat ghyayachi hotee. joparyant tyane sampoorn company vikat ghetali nahee toparyant malak tyala ghanta vikanar nahee. johnn collstadne hii company vikat ghetali aanee 2000 saalee california bail companyche darvaje punha ughadale. companyne aata caltrance, shahare, parganya yasarkhya grahakansathi aanee keval jyanna tee sajavat mhanoon havee aahet asha vyaktinsathi 1500 hoon adhik ghanta banavalya aahet.

california bayle company california bayle company, bayle utpadan garne company, sann 1914 maa shrimatidwara sthapit garieko thiyo. ae.ess.see. forbes. companyko mukhyalaya saratoga, californiama chha. tiniharuko itihas 1906 maa firta janchha, jab forbesle ell camino wastawik ghantaharu madhye pahilo design gare. prishthabhumi. california bayle company muel 1906 ell camino wastawik bayle banaune pahilo thiyo. tiniharule anya mission shailiko ghantaharu pani nirman garchhan jasle kunai pani spanis shailiko gharko purak hunechha. california belle kenya rar tongajasta grahakharuka lagi charchako bayle pani banaunchha tara adhikansh america wa canadama baschhan. california bayle sann 1906 maa sthapana bhaeko thiyo rar sann 1960 maa banda bhaeko thiyo. sann 2000 maa, ek grahak california belko malikbata afno anganma rakhnaka lagi bayle kinna chahanthe. malikle usalai bayle bechdaina jabasamma usale sampurna company kharid gardaina. john colostadle company kine rar sann 2000 maa california bayle companyka dhoka punah khole. companyle ab caltrance, sahar, countyharu jasta grahakharuka lagi 1500 bhanda badhi ghanta banaeko chha, rar kewal uniharulai sajawatko rupma chahane wyaktiharuka lagi.

california bail company california bail company, eka company jaahaa ghanta utpadana kare, shrimatinka dwara 1914 ray sthapita hoithila . aii.ess.sii. forbes. companyra mukhyalaja californier saratogare achhi . semanankara itihas 1906 masiha parjyanta chalithae, jetebele forbes pratham ell camino bastaba ghantira parikalpana karithile. prusthabhumi. california bail company pratham thila jie moola 1906 ell camino real bail tiari karithila . semane anya mission saileera ghanta madhya tiari karanti jaahaa jekaunasi spanis saileera gharaku paripuraka kariba . california bail madhya grahakamananka paain church ghanta tiari kare jaahaa kenia ebong tonga pari doora kintu adhikansha america kimba kanadare ruhanti . 1906 masihare california bail pratistha karajaithila ebong 1960 masihare banda hoijaithila. 2000 masihare, jane grahaka california bail malikanka thaaru taanka ghara pacha padiaare rakhiba paain eka ghanta kinibaku chahunthile. malika tanku ghanta bikri karibe naahin je parjyanta shay samagra companyku kinanti naahin. zohn colstad companyku kinithile ebong 2000 masihare california bail companyra dwara kholithile. company bartamana caltrance, sahara, county bhali grahakanka paain ebong kebala sehi byaktimananka paain 1500 ru adhika ghanta tiari karichhi jeunmane segudiku eka sajja bhabare chahanti .

california ghanti company california ghanti company, ikk company joe ghantiaan paida kardi haii, dee sathapana 1914 witch shrimati duaara keeti gaee see. aii.aiss.see. forbes. company daa mukkh daftar saratoga, california witch haii. uhanan daa itihaas 1906 witch waps jaanda haii, jadon forbes neey pahili all camino asal ghantiaan tiaar keetiaan sunn. pichokad. california ghanti company pahili see jiss neey asal 1906 ail camino real ghanti banayi see. uh horr mission shaili deeaan ghantiaan vee banaunde hunn joe kise vee spanish shaili dey gharr dee purti karange. california ghanti grahkan laee church deeaan ghantiaan vee banaundi haii jinni door kenya atey tonga hundi haii parr ziaadaatar amrica jaan canada witch rahinde hunn. california ghanti 1906 witch sathapit keeti gaee see atey 1960 witch bnd qarr ditti gaee see. 2000 witch, ikk gaahak california ghanti dey maalak toon aapne vihade witch rakkhan laee ikk ghanti kharidna chahunda see. maalak uss noon ghanti naheen vechega jadon takk uh puurii company naheen kharidada. john colsted neey company noon kharidiaa atey 2000 witch california ghanti company dey darwaze dubara kholhe. company neey hunn caltrance, shahiran, kauntiaan varge gaahkan laee atey siraf uhanan viaktiaan laee 1500 toon vaddh ghantiaan banaiaan hunn joe uhanan noon sajawat vajon chahunde hunn.

california-bell-kampanee california-bell-kampanee iti, ghanti-utpaadane samsthaa, 1914 tame varshe shrimatidwara sthaapitah. a.ess.sii. forbes. asya kampenee-samsthaayaah mukhyaalayah california-deshasya saratoga-nagare asti. teshaam itihaasah 1906 tamavarshaat arabhyate, yadaa forbes ityayam ell-camino-vaastavika-ghantaasu prathamam parikalpayat. prushtabhoomau. california-bell-kampanee prathamayaa 1906 ell-camino-vaastavika-bell-ityasya nirmaanam akarot. te anyaan mishanashailyaah ghantaan api nirmeeyante, yaani kasyaapi spanish-shailyaah gruhasya poorakaani bhavanti. california-bell iteedam kenyaa-tongaa-ityadinam durasthananam grahakanam krute charch-bell iteedam api nirmaati, parantu adhikaamshaah america-deshe athavaa kenada-deshe nivasanti. 1906 tame varshe california-bell ityasya sthapana abhavat, 1960 tame varshe cha bandah abhavat. 2000 tame varshe ekaha graahakah california-bell ityasya swaameebhyah svagruhasya puratah sthaapayitum ghantim kretum icchati sma. yaavat saha sampoornam kampenee kreenaati taavat maalikah tam ghantaah naa vikreeyati sma. jaan colstad ityayam companym kritva 2000 tame varshe california-bell-kampanee ityasya dwaaraani punah udghaatayat. eshaa kampanee adhunaa caltrans, nagaraani, kauntee ityadinam grahakanam krute 1500 taha adhikaah ghantaah niramaat, kevalam tebhyah cha krute ye taan alankaranaroopen icchanti.

california bell kambeni california bell kambeni, manigalai urpaththi seiyum oru niruvanam, 1914 aam aandil thirumathi. auuu.ess.chii. forbes. inthniruvanaththin thalaimaiyagam californiavin saradoga nagaril ullathu. avarkalin varalaaru 1906 aam aandirkuch selkirathu, appoathu forbes ell camino unmaiyana manigalil muthal ontrai vadivamaithaar. pinnani. california bell niruvanam 1906 ill asal ell camino riyal bellai uruvaakkiya muthal niruvanamaagum. avarkal pira panii paani manigalaiyum thayaarikkiraarkal, idhu endha spanish paani veettaiyum paraattukirathu. california manii kenya mattrum tonga poantra vaadikkaiyaalargalukku devalaya manigalai uruvaakkukirathu, aanaal perumbaalaanavargal america allathu kanadaavil vasikkintranar. california manii 1906 ill niruvappattathu mattrum 1960 ill moodappattathu. 2000 aam aandil, oru vaadikkaiyaalar california manii urimaiyaalaridamirunthu thanathu kollaippuratthil vaika oru manii vaangka virumbinaar. avar muzhu niruvanaththaiyum vaangaavittaal urimaiyaalar avarukku maniyai virka mattar. john collstat niruvanatthai vaangki, 2000 aam aandil california manii niruvanaththin kadhavugalai meendum thiranthaar. niruvanam ippoathu caltrance, nagarangal, maavattangkal poantra vaadikkaiyaalargalukkaaka 1500 manii nerangalai uruvaakkiyullathu, maelum avattrai oru alangaaramaaga virumbum thaninaparkalukkaaga mattumae.

california bell company california bell company, gantalanu utpatti chese samstha, 1914loe srimati chetha sthaapinchabadindi. eah.ess.sii. forbes. eee samsthaku pradhana karyalayam californialoni saaraatogaalo undhi. vaari charitra 1906 naatidi, forbes ell camino nijamaina gantalalo modatidaanni roopondinchinappudu. nepathyam. california bell company 1906 ell camino real belnu roopondinchina modati samstha. vaaru itara mission shaili gantalanu kooda tayaaru chestaaru, idhi edainaa spanish shaili intiki puurakamgaa untundi. california bell kooda kenya mariyu tongaku chaalaa dhooramlo unna viniyogadaarula kosam charchi gantalanu tayaaru chestundi, conny chaalaa mandhi us ledhaa kenadaalo nivasistaaru. california bell 1906loe sthaapinchabadindi mariyu 1960loe moosiveyabadindi. 2000loe, oka customer california bell yajamani nundi thana peratilo unchadaaniki gantanu konugolu cheyalanukunnadu. athanu mottam companyni konugolu cheyakapothe yajamani ataniki gantanu vikrayinchadu. zaan collstad companyni konugolu chesi 2000loe california bell company talupulanu tirigi terichaaru. company ippudu caltrons, nagaralu, counteelu vanti viniyogadaarula kosam mariyu vaatini alankaranagaa korukune vyaktula kosam 1500 gantalaku paiga chesindi.

california bail company california bail company eek company juu ghantiyan tayaar karti hay 1914 mein mohtarmah kay zariah qayem kii gayee thee. aey.aiss.see. forbus. company kaa sadr daftar saratoga california mein hay. inn kii tareekh 1906 takk jaati hay jabb forbus nay eel chemino kii pehli haqeeqi ghantiyan design kein. piss manzar. california bail company pehli company thee jiss nay asl 1906 eel chemino riyal bail banayi thee. wah mission kay andaaz kii deegar ghantiyan bhee banatay haine juu kasee bhee hispanvi tarz kay gahar kii takmeel karein gee. california bail gahikon kay liye charch kii ghantiyan bhee banaati hay juu kinya aur tonga takk door hoti haine leakin ziyadah tarr america yaa canada mein rehti haine. california bail 1906 mein qayem kii gayee thee aur 1960 mein bund kii gayee thee. 2000 mein eek gahik california bail kay maalik say apnay pachhwade mein rakhnay kay liye ghanti kharidna chahta thaa. maalik asay ghanti iss waqat takk nahein bechta jabb takk kahh wah poori company naha khareed lay. jaan colastad nay company kharidi aur 2000 mein california bail company kay darwazay dobarah khool diye. company nay abb cultrans shehron countiyon jeesay saarfin kay liye aur sarf inn afraad kay liye juu inhein sajawat kay toor parr chahtay haine 1500 say ziyadah ghantiyan banayi haine.

0001681a66fd99251082772d6d0e3278cdcc8f1104bb327ec245043b315b17fb

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=57100923

Penns Neck (PRR station)

Penns Neck (PRR station)

pench nek (pi. aar. aar. steson)

pains neqa (pii. aar. aar. station)

penas neck (pii. aar. aar. station)

pannes gardan (pee. aar. aar. station)

pence-neck (pee. aar. aar. steshan)

0001690b2b940a7157bcf07a2f807d2e1b5232725b6d8ace084a6325b3be07d9

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=38911366

Jean-Louis Rodrigue

Jean-Louis Rodrigue Jean-Louis Rodrigue (born May 23, 1951 Casablanca, Morocco,) is an acting coach, movement director, author, and senior teacher of the Alexander Technique. He has worked in Los Angeles and New York in theatre, film, television, and digital media. Rodrigue has taught at the Berlin International Film Festival, Generation Campus in Moscow, Verbier Festival in Switzerland, Universidad de la Comunicación (México) in Mexico City, Berlinale Talents in Guadalajara, USC Thornton School of Music, Manhattan School of Music, National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney, and Digital Life Design Women in Munich. Rodrigue has been a faculty member at the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television and the UCLA Herb Alpert School of Music for the past 34 years. Early life and education. Jean-Louis Rodrigue was born on May 23, 1951 in Casablanca, Morocco and was raised in Milan, Italy. At eight years old, he decided to become an actor after viewing Ferruccio Soleri in “Arlecchino, Servant of Two Masters” at Piccolo Teatro di Milano. In 1967, he began working with Herbert Berghof at the HB Studio and Sonia Moore at the American Center for Stanislavski Theater Art in New York. In 1970, William Ball awarded Rodrigue a full scholarship to study in the Advanced Training Program at the American Conservatory Theater (ACT) in San Francisco. During Rodrigue's training at ACT, he discovered the Alexander Technique. He then stayed three more years to train at the American Center for the Alexander Technique, San Francisco. In post-formal training, Rodrigue studied with Alexander Technique teachers Marjorie Barstow, Walter Carrington, Patrick McDonald, and Dilys Carrington. Rodrigue is also a certified teacher of Jessica Wolf's The Art of Breathing. Teaching career. In 1980, Rodrigue founded Alexander Techworks. The company provides private instruction, training, coaching, group classes, and workshops in Los Angeles, New York, and other cities. He and Kristof Konrad own and operate the business together. From 1998 to 2005, Rodrigue was part of the faculty of Verbier Festival. Rodrigue teaches workshops at Larry Moss' Studio. He has taught masterclasses at the Howard Fine Acting Studios in Los Angeles and Australia. He founded the Alexander Technique program at the Los Angeles Philharmonic, where he taught for six years. He has worked with circus artists of Cirque du Soleil's Ka at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas. He had reportedly been hired in by the FBI to teach stress management and respiratory control for agents infiltrating Middle Eastern terrorist cells. Film and television. Rodrigue has coached actors in films including: I, Tonya, "Vice", "Mary Queen of Scots", Love and Mercy (film), "J. Edgar", "W.", Passion Fish, "The Time Machine", Seabiscuit (film), and The Normal Heart (film). He collaborated with director Ang Lee and screenwriter David Magee in the development of the tiger movement for the film Life of Pi. Rodrigue choreographed the period movement for the film The Affair of the Necklace. Since 2009, Rodrigue has conducted several workshops at the Berlinale Talent Campus program. He was involved in the development of a new hands-on training programs for emerging actors, the Talent Actors Stage, for which 15-20 international actors are selected annually. Theatre. Rodrigue has coached at several Los Angeles locations throughout his career. At the Geffen Playhouse, Rodrigue was the movement coach on "Nine Parts of Desire" in 2005 and on "Long Day's Journey into Night" in 2017. He was awarded a fellowship grant from the Montalvo Arts Center to develop and direct a play adaptation of the novel, "The Reader." He coached Chris Pine in "The Lieutenant of Inishmore" at the Mark Taper Forum. He also worked with Gulu Monteiro on "The Bacchae" at the Getty Villa. Rodrigue has collaborated with Larry Moss on Daisy White's "Sugar", "The Syringa Tree" at Playhouse 91 in New York and Bo Eason's "Runt of the Litter" at the 37 Arts Theater, N.Y. He has coached with Rita Maffei and Larry Moss in an Italian production of The Syringa Tree at the Teatro Stabile di Innovazione in Udine and at Il Piccolo Teatro di Milano, Italy. Animal Studies. Rodrigue integrates animal behavior and movement into his research and work. He is known for helping actors develop characters through animal movement studies. His primary areas of research are animal movement, behavior, morphology, nature perception, and human/animal connections. This interest was sparked by Leonardo da Vinci and Carlo Mazzone-Clementi. While in Milano in 1957, Rodrigue's father introduced him to the scientific and artistic work of DaVinci. They would often go to the National Museum of Science and Technology to view the models of DaVinci's inventions . They also would visit the Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana, the largest archive of Da Vinci's drawings of animals. Later in his life while studying at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco, Jean-Louis studied with Mazzone-Clementi who introduced him to the application of animal behavior and movement to character development. Select awards and recognition. Rodrigue was awarded a fellowship grant in 2008 from the Montalvo Arts Center to develop and direct a play adaptation of Bernhard Schlink's novel, "The Reader." References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

jinn-lui rodrig jinn-lui rodrig (jonmo 23 mey, 1951 kabablangka, morokku) egoraki obhinoy proxikhyok, andulon xonsalok, lekhok, aaru alekjendar kouxolor jyestho xikhyok. teu los angeles aaru niuyorkot theater, solositro, television aaru digital miriyat kaam korise. rodrigue barlin antohrastriyo solositro mohutxob, moskut jeneresyon kempas, swizerlandor warbier festival, maxico sohoror universidad dey laa communication (maxico), guwadalajarar barlinal protibha, usc thorton skool owo music, menhaton skool owo music, sidneer nesnel institut owo dramatik art, aaru miunikhor digital life design uimenot xikhyokota korise. rodrig bigoto 34 bosor dhori eu. chi. el. e. skool owo theater, film endo television aaru eu. chi. el. e. harb elpert skool owo musicor odhyapok xodosyo hoi aahise. prarombhik jiwan aaru xikhya. jinn-lui rodrigor jonmo hoisil 1951 sonor 23 mey 'too morokkur kaxablangkat aaru teu italyr milanot dangor-dighol hoisil. aath bosor boyoxot teu pikulu titru di milanut "arlesinu, charbhant owo tu masters" too ferusio "cho 'leri suwar pisot obhineta huwar xiddhanto loisil. 1967 sonot teu eis. bi. studio 'too harbert bergoff aaru neworkor aamerikan center for stanislavsky theater artot suniya muror xoite kaam koriboloi aarombho kore. 1970 sonot uilium bole rodriguk chaan francisokur aamerikan conservatery theater (act) too unnot proxikhyon karzoxusit odhyoyon koriboloi xompurno britti prodan kore. rodrigor obhinoyor proxikhyonor xomoyot teu alekjendar kouxol abiskar korisil. taar pisot teu aamerikan center for dyo alekjendar teknik, chaan francisokut proxikhyon lo "boloi aaru tini bosor aasil. anusthanik proxikhyonor pisot rodrigue alekjendar kouxolor xikhyok marj 'ree barsto', walter kerrington, petorik mcdonald aaru dailis keringtonor xoite odhyoyon korisil. rodrig hoise jesika wolfsor swoxon kolar ejon promanito xikhyok. xikhyokotar jiwan. 1980 sonot rodrigue alekjendar tekworks protistha korisil. companytuwe los angeles, nework aaru onyanyo sohorot byoktigoto nirdexona, proxikhyon, proxikhyon, gutor shreni aaru kormoxala prodan kore. teu aaru christof kunrade ekeloge byowoxaytur maalik aaru porisalona kore. 1998 sonor poraa 2005 sonoloike rodrig warbier festivalor onuxoder ongxo aasil. rodrigue leri moo 'cho studio' too kormoxala xikuwa hoy. teu los angeles aaru australier haward fine acting studio 'too masterclux xikuwa hoise. teu los angeles filharmonikot alekjendar teknik karzoxusi protistha korisil, zo 'too teu choy bosor dhori xikhyokota korisil. teu laas bhegasor em. ji. em. grandot chark du cho 'liyels kaar charks xilpixokolor xoite kaam korise. modhyo prasyor xontraxbadi kuxxomuhot prowex koraa agentxokolor baabe manoxik saap byowosthapona aaru swax-proswax niyontron xikuwar baabe teuk ef. bi. aai.-e nijukti disil buli janibo poraa goise. solositro aaru television. rodrigue obhinetaxokolok solositrot proxikhyon dise jaar bhitorot aaseh aai, tot 'naa, "bhais", "meree quin owo scots", "laabh endo marchia (solositro)", je. edgar, "wo."," peson fix ", time machin", "chi-bixkut (film), aaru normel heart (film). teu porisalok aang lee aaru sitronatyokar david maagir xoite paai solositror jiwanor baabe baagh andulonor bikaxot xohojugita korisil. rodrigue sobikhonor baabe perior movement dyo efeyar owo dyo neklexor nrityo porisalona korisil. 2009 sonor poraa rodrigue barlinal protibha xibiror karzoxusit keibatau kormoxala onusthito korise. teu udiyoman obhinetaxokolor baabe ek notun haatere proxikhyon karzoxusir bikaxot jorito aasil, protibha obhineta moncho, jaar baabe proti bosore 15-20 antohrastriyo obhinetaxokolok basoni koraa hoy. theater. rodrigue teur xomogro keriyarot keibakhonu los angeles sthanot proxikhyon dise. geffen playhousot rodrig 2005 sonot "naain parts owo weisa" aaru 2017 sonot "long day 'jo trave intu raait" ror andulonor proxikhyok aasil. teuk montalvu arts centeror poraa uponyaxkhonor naatok obhijujon bikoxito aaru porisalona koriboloi feloswip onudan prodan koraa hoisil."teu mark taper pho" raamot "dyo leftenent owo iniswo" moo "roto crich painok proxikhyon disil. teu geti bhilat gulu monteirur xoite "dyo bese" too kaam korisil. rodrigue deji huwaitor "cheni", neworkor playhouse 91-too "siringa tree" aaru 37taa arts theater, eno-too bu isonor "ront owo dyo letter" too leri moo 'sor xoite xohojugita korise.waai. teu ritaa maafei aaru leri moo 'sor xoite udinor titro' stapile di innovagio 'noo aaru italyr ill pikulu titro' di milanut siringa gosor italy utpadonot proxikhyon dise. poxu odhyoyon. rodrigue teur gowexona aaru kaamot jibo-jontur aasoron aaru gotibidhik ekotrito kore. teu pranir gotibidhi odhyoyonor joriyote obhinetaxokolok soritroxomuh bikoxito korat xohay korar baabe jonajat. teur gowexonar prathomik khetroxomuh hoh "lo pranir goti, aasoron, akritibigyan, prokritir upolobdhi, aaru manuh/pranir xongzug. ei aagrohor sristi korisil leonardo daa vinchi aaru carlo mejun-clementiye. 1957 sonot milanut thokar xomoyot rodrigor deutake teuk debhinsir boigyanik aaru kolatmok kaamor xoite porisoy koraisil. teuluke praye debhinsir abiskaror aarhi saboloi rastriyo bigyan aaru projukti xongrohaloyoloi goisil. teuluke dey bhinchir jibo-jontur sitroxomuhor xorbobrihot archive veneranda bibliyo 'tekaa ambrosianau bhromon koribo. jiwanor pisor xomoisuwat chaan francisokur aamerikan conservatery theaterot odhyoyon kori thokar xomoyot jinn-luiye mejun-clementir xoite odhyoyon korisil jiye teuk poxur aasoronor proyug aaru soritror bikaxot andulonor xoite porisoy koraisil. botaa aaru swikriti nirbason korok. rodriguk 2008 sonot montalvu arts centeror poraa bernard swolingkor uponyax "dyo ridaar" ror naatok obhijujon bikoxito aaru porisalona koriboloi feloswip onudan prodan koraa hoisil."

zina-lui rodrig zina-lui rodrig (jonmo 23shhey meey, 1951 casablanca, morocco) ekjon abhinoy proshikkhok, andolon porichalok, lekhok ebong alekjandar kaushaler senior shikkhok. tini loss angeles ebong neu iyarke theater, cholochchitro, television ebong digital midiate kaaj korechen. radrig barlin antorjatik cholochchitro utsab, moscore projonmer campus, suizerlander verbier utsab, mexico shohorer universidad deey laa communication (mexico), guadalazara barlinel protibha, eu. esha. shee thornton school off music, manhatton school off music, sidneyr national institute off dramatic art ebong munikher digital life design uimen-ayee shikkhokota korechen. radrig goto 34 bochor dhorey eu. shee. ell. ayee school off theater, film anned television ebong eu. shee. ell. ayee harb alpert school off musicer anushad sadasya. prathomik jeebon oo shikkha. zina-lui rodrig 1951 saaler 23shhey meey moroccore casablanca jonmogrohon corren ebong italir milane bede othen. aatt bochor boyse, tini picolo titro dii milanote "arlechino, dui master sebok"-ayee ferrucio soleri dekhar porey abhineta howar siddhanta nene. 1967 saale tini eichbi studiote harbert barghaf ebong newyorker american center phara stanislavsky theater arte sonia murer saathe kaaj shuru corren. 1970 saale, uilium boll rodrigke shaan franciscore american conservatory (act) unnoto proshikkhon kormosuchite adhyayaner jonno ekti sampurna britti pradan corren. rodriger abhinoyer proshikkhoner somoy tini alekjandar kaushal abishkar corren. erpor tini shaan franciscote american center phara alekjandar technic-ayee proshikkhoner jonno arow tinn bochor abosthan corren. anusthanik proshikkhoner porey, rodrig alekjandar kaushaler shikkhok margery barsto, walter carrington, patrick mcdonald ebong delis carringtoner saathe adhyayan korechilen. rodrig jessica olfer shwas-proshasher shilper ekjon pratyayita shikkhok. shikkhokota pesha. 1980 saale rodrig alekjandar takeworks protistha corren. sangosthati loss angeles, neu eork ebong anyanno shohore byaktigato nirdeshona, proshikkhon, proshikkhon, group classes ebong karmashala pradan korey. tini ebong christoph conrad eksange byabosati porichalona corren. 1998 theke 2005 saal porjonto, rodrig verbier utsaber onushoder ongsho chhilo. rodrig larry mose studiote karmashala sheikha. tini loss angeles ebong australier haward fine acting studiote masterclus poriyechen. tini loss angeles philharmonike alekjandar kaushal programa protistha korechilen, jekhane tini chhoy bochor dhorey shikkhokota korechilen. tini laas vegaser mgm grande sarka doo solils qaa-err circus shilpider saathe kaaj korechen. modhyoprachyer santrasi koshe anuprobeshkari agentder jonno chup byabosthapona ebong shashjontro niyantran shekhanor jonno fbi taake niyog korechilo boley jaanaa geche. cholochchitro oo television. rodrig cholochchitrogulite abhinetader proshikkhon diyechen jaar modhye royeche aaee, tonia, "vice", "merry quin off scott", laav anned carcia (cholochchitro), jeey. edger, "dablu."pyashana phisha", "time meshina", "cbscoot (film), ebong sadharan hridaya (film). tini porichalok aung ly ebong chitronatyokar david magir saathe paai-err cholochchitro jeeboner jonno bagh andoloner bikashe sahojogita korechilen. radrig cholochchitrotir jonno period movement-dya affair off dya neckless-err choreography korechilen. 2009 saal theke, radrig barlinel talent campus programe besh koyekti karmashala porichalona koreche. tini udiyaman abhinetader jonno ekti notun haate proshikkhon karmasuchir bikashe jorito chhilen, protibha abhinetader moncho, jaar jonno proti bochor antorjatik abhinetader nirbachito koraa hoy. theater. radrig taanr karmajiban judey loss angeleser besh koyekti sthane proshikkhon diyechen. geffen playhouse, rodrig 2005 saale "noyti ongsher akangkha" ebong 2017 saale "raater dike deergho diner jatra"-rawr andoloner coach chhilen. tini uponyashtir ekti natok abhijojon bikash oo porichalonar jonno montalvo artasa center theke fellowship anudan peyechilen."tini marqa taper forame" "dya leftenant off inishmore" "-ayee criss pineke proshikkhon diyechilen. tini getty vilay gulu monteiro saathe "dya byache"-teey kaaj korechilen. rodrig deiji hoaiter "chinny", newyorker playhouse 91-ayee "siringa gaachh" ebong 37 art theatrey boow isoner "ront off dya litter"-ayee larry moser saathe sahojogita korechen.oyai. tini udainer teatro stabil dii innovagione ebong italir ill picolo teatro dii milanote siringa gacher ekti italiya utpadone rita mafai ebong larry shosha niye proshikkhon diyechen. prani adhyayan. rodrig taar gobeshona ebong kaajer saathe pranider acharan ebong gotibidhi sanghato korey. tini prani chalachal adhyayaner madhyome abhinetader choritro bikash korte sahayata korar jonno porichito. taanr gobeshonar prathomik khetroguli holl pranir gotibidhi, acharan, angasangsthan, prokriti upolobdhi ebong manush/pranir sangjog. eyi agroher sutropat korechilen leonardo daa vinchi ebong carlo mazone-clementi. 1957 saale milanote thakakalin, rodriguer baba taake devinchir boigyanik oo shoilpik kaajer saathe porichoy koriye deena. taaraa prayashai devinchir udbhaboner modelguli dekhte jatiya bigyan oo prajukti jadughare jeto. taaraa vinchir pranider ankaner brihottomo sanrakkhanagar veneranda biblioteca ambrosianao poridorshon korbe. jeeboner poroborti somoye shaan franciscore american conservatory theatrey adhyayanrata abosthai zina-lui mazone-clementir sange adhyayan corren, jini taanke choritro bikashe pranir acharan ebong andoloner proyoger sange porichoy koriye deena. puraskar ebong swikriti nirbachan korun. 2008 saale montalvo artasa center theke bernhard schlinker uponyas "dya ridder"-err ekti natok abhijojon bikash oo porichalonar jonno rodrigke fellowship anudan deoa hoy."

jiina-luis rodrigue jiina-luis rodrigue (janm 23 meey, 1951 casablanca, morokko) aek abhinay coach, chalval nirdeshak, lekhak aneey alexander takneeknaa varishth shikshak chhe. temane losa angels aneey newyorkma theatre, film, television aneey digital midiyaamaa kaama karyoo chhe. rodrigue berlin aantarrashtriy film mahotsav, moskomaa pedhhi campus, switzerlandma verbier festival, meksiko shaherma universidade deey laa communicatian (meksiko), gwadlajarama berlinal pratibha, yuu. aesa. see. thornton school off music, manhutton school off music, sidneyma national institute off dramatic aart aneey myunikhma digital life design vumanmaa bhanaavyu chhe. rodrigue chhella 34 varshthi yuu. see. aela. aee. school off theatre, film anned television aneey yuu. see. aela. aee. herb alpert school off musicma faculty member chhe. praarambhik jeevan aneey shikshan. jiina-luis rodrigno janm 23 meey, meey roj morokkona casablancama thayo hato aneey teno uchher milan, italyma thayo hato. aath varshnee ummare, temane picolo titro dii meelano khaate "arlechino, beey mastersnaa sevak" maan ferrucio soleri joyaa pachhi abhineta banvaanu nakki karyoo. karyoo, temane aech. bii. studiyomaa herbert bergoff aneey newyorkma american center phora stanislavsky theatre artmaan soneeya moor saathe kaama karvaanu sharoo karyoo. karyoo, veeliyam bolae rodrigne saana franciscoma american conservatory theatre (act) khaate adhyatan taaleem karykrama abhyaas karvaa maate sampoorn shishyavrutee aapee hatee. abhinayma rodrigni taaleem darmiyan, temane alexander takneekni shodh curry. tyarbad teo american center phora dhaa alexander technic, saana francisco khaate taaleem levaa maate vadhu trana varsh rokaaya hataa. aupcharik taaleem pachhi, rodrigue alexander tekneeknaa shikshako marjori barsto, voltara carrington, patrick mcdonald aneey delis carrington saathe abhyaas karyo hato. rodrigue jessica wolfney shvaas levani kalaanaa pramanit shikshak pann chhe. shikshan karkirdi. karkirdi, rodrigue alexander takeworksnee sthaapnaa curry. kampani losa angels, newyork aneey anya shaheroma khangi soochnaa, taaleem, coaching, jooth vargo aneey karyshalao pradaan karey chhe. teey aneey christoff konrad saathe maleene aaa vyavsayni maliki dharaave chhe aneey tenu sanchalan karey chhe. 1998 thee 2005 sudhee, rodrigue verbier festivalnaa facultyno bhaag hato. rodrigue lerii shevaalnaa studiyomaa karyshalao sheekhve chhe. temane losa angels aneey australiana haward fine acting studiyomaa masterclasses sheekhvya chhe. temane losa angels filharmonic khaate alexander technic prograamnee sthaapnaa curry, jyaan temane chh varsh sudhee bhanaavyu. temane laas vegasma aema. jee. aema. grand khaate sarqa duu soleelnaa circus kalakaro saathe kaama karyoo chhe. katheet reete aef. bii. aaee. dwara madhya purvnaa aatankvadi koshomaa ghusankhori karnara agento maate tanaav vyavsthaapan aneey shvasan niyantran shikhavvaa maate tene rakhvama aavyo hato. film aneey television. rodrigue feelmoma abhinetaone taaleem aapee chhe jemaa aaee, tonya, "wies", "meerii kween off scoats", lava anned mercy (film), jeey. edgar, "doubleu.", pation phisha", time machine ", seabiskit (film), aneey saamanya hraday (film). temane paina fiilmii jeevan maate vaagh chalvalna vikasma nirdeshak aeng lii aneey patkathaa lekhak david maagee saathe sahyog karyo hato. rodrigue film maate period movementnu nrutya nirdeshan karyoo hatoo-galaano haar. 2009 thee, rodrigue berlinal pratibha campus karykrama ghanee workshopnu aayojan karyoo chhe. teo ubhartaa abhinetao maate navaa haaththee taaleem kaarykramonaa vikasma saamel hataa, pratibha abhinetao munch, jenaa maate vaarshik dhorane 15-20 aantarrashtriy abhinetaoni pasandagi karvaamaa aave chhe. theatre. rodrigue temnee samagr karkirdi darmiyan losa angelasna ghanaa sthaloae taaleem aapee chhe. gaffen playhousemaa, rodrigue rodrigue "ichchhana nava bhaago" parr aneey aneey "raatnee laambi divasni musafari" parr chalvalna coach hataa. temne montalvo arts center tarafthi navalkathaanaa naatak rupantaranne vikasavva aneey nirdeshit karvaa maate fellowship anudaan enayat karvaamaa aavyu hatoo ", reader."temane marqa tapper forum" "leftnent off inishmore" "maan criss pine taaleem aapee hatee". temane getee vilaamaa gulu monteiro saathe "dhaa beche" parr pann kaama karyoo hatoo. rodrigue dezzy whitena "sugar" parr lerii shevaal saathe, newyorkma playhouse 91 khaate "siringa trii" aneey 37 arts theatre, aena. khaate boow isonnaa "runnet off dhaa litter" parr sahyog karyo chhe.vaay. temane udeenma titro stabil dii innovasion khaate aneey italyna ila piccolo titro dii meelano khaate siringa vrukshnaa italian utpadanma rita maafee aneey lerii shevaal saathe taaleem aapee chhe. pranee abhyaas. rodrigue temnaa sanshodhan aneey kaaryamaa praniona vartan aneey hilchaalne aekeekrut karey chhe. teo pranioni hilchaalnaa abhyaas dwara paatrone vikasavvama abhinetaone madad karvaa maate jaanita chhe. temnaa sanshodhannaa praathmeek kshetro pranioni hilchal, vartan, aakarvigyan, prakrutini dhaarnaa aneey manav/pranee jodaan chhe. aaa rus leonardo daa vincy aneey carlo mazone-cleminty dwara pedaa thayo hato. hato meelanma, rodrigna pitaae temne devincina vaignanik aneey kalaatmak kaarythi parichit karaavya hataa. teo ghanivaar devincini shodhonaa namunaao jovaa maate vigyaan aneey taknikinaa raashtriy sangrahalayma jataa hataa. teo veneranda biblioteca ambrosiana pann mulakat leshe, jeey daa vincina praniona chitrono sauthee moto sangrah chhe. temnaa jeevanma paachhalthi saana franciscoma american conservatory theatrema abhyaas karatee vakhate, jiina-louise mazone-clementi saathe abhyaas karyo, jemane temne paatra vikaas maate praniona vartan aneey chalvalna upyogthi parichit karaavya. puraskaaro aneey maanyata pasand karoo. bernhard shlinknee navalkathaa "dhaa reader" naa naatak rupantaranne vikasavva aneey tenu nirdeshan karvaa maate rodrigne rodrigne montalvo arts center tarafthi fellowship anudaan enayat karvaamaa aavyu hatoo."

jeane-luis rodrigue jeane-luis rodrigue (janm 23 maee, 1951 casablanca, morakko) ack abhinay prashikshak, andolan nideshak, lekhak aur alekjendar takneek key varishth shikshak hain. unhone loss angils aur newyork mein theatre, film, television aur digital media mein kaam kiya haye. rodrigue ney berlin antarrashtriya film mahotsav, mosco mein peedhi parisar, switzerland mein verbier mahotsav, mexico shahar mein universidad dee laa communication (mexico), gwadalajara mein berlinal pratibha, usc thornton school off music, mainhattan school off music, sidney mein rashtriya naatakiya kalaa sansthaan aur munich mein digital life design mahilaaon mein padhaaya haye. rodrigue pichhale 34 varshon seey yuu. see. ell. aeye. school off theatre, film aind television aur yuu. see. ell. aeye. herb alpert school off music mein ack sankaay sadasya rahey hain. praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha. jeane-luis rodrigue kaa janm 23 maee, 1951 koo casablanca, morakko mein huaa thaa aur unakaa paalan-poshan milan, itali mein huaa thaa. aathh saal kii umr mein, unhone piccolo teatro dee milano mein "arlechino, dou guruon key sevak" mein ferrucio soleri koo dekhane key baad ack abhineta banane kaa faisala kiya. 1967 mein, unhone aich. bee. studio mein herbert bergoff aur newyork mein americi kendra mein stanislavsky theatre art mein sonia moor key saath kaam karna shuru kiya. 1970 mein, villium ball ney rodrigue koo saine francisco mein americi conservatory theatre (act) mein unnat prashikshan karyakram mein adhyayan karane key liye ack poorna chhatravritti seey sammaanit kiya. rodrigue key abhinay key prashikshan key dauran, unhone alekjendar takneek kii khoj kii. isake baad vaha alekjendar takneek, saine francisco key liye americi kendra mein prashikshan lene key liye teen aur saal rahey. aupchaarik prashikshan key baad, rodrigue ney alekjendar takneek key shikshakon, marjori barsto, walter carrington, patrick mcdonald aur dialys carrington key saath adhyayan kiya. rodrigue jessica wolf kii saans lene kii kalaa key pramaanit shikshak bhee hain. shikshan carrier. 1980 mein, rodrigue ney alekjendar takeworks kii sthaapana kii. company loss angils, newyork aur anya shaharon mein niji nirdesh, prashikshan, coaching, samooh kakshaaen aur karyashalaen pradaan karati haye. vaha aur christophe konrad ack saath vyavasaay karate hain aur sanchaalit karate hain. 1998 seey 2005 taka, rodrigue verbier festival key sankaay kaa hissa thaa. rodrigue lairi moss studio mein kaaryashaalaaen sikhaata haye. unhone loss angils aur australia mein howard fine acting studio mein masterclass padhaaya haye. unhone loss angils philharmonic mein alekjendar takneek karyakram kii sthaapana kii, jahan unhone chhah saal taka padhaaya. unhone laas vegas mein aim. jee. aim. grand mein circ doo solils kaa key circus kalakaron key saath kaam kiya haye. kathit taur parr usey aff. bee. aaee. dwara madhya purvi aatankvaadi prakoshthon mein ghuspaith karane vaale agents key liye tanaav prabandhan aur shwasan niyantran sikhaane key liye kaam parr rakhaa gayaa thaa. film aur television. rodrigue ney filmon mein abhinetaon koo prashikshit kiya haye jinamen shamil hainh aaee, tonya, "wies", "mairi queen off scott", lava aind dayaa (film), jey. edger, "doubleu."paishan fish", "time machine", "seabiskit (film), aur samanya dill (film). unhone nirdeshak eng lii aur patkatha lekhak david maagi key saath paai key filmi jeevan key liye bagh andolan key vikas mein sahyog kiya. rodrigue ney film key liye period movement koo choreograph kiya-haar kaa mamla. 2009 seey, rodrigue ney berlinal pratibha parisar karyakram mein kaee karyashalaen aayojit kii hain. vaha ubharate abhinetaon key liye ack nae vyaavhaarik prashikshan karyakramon key vikas mein shamil they, jisamen pratibha abhineta munch, jisake liye salana antarrashtriya abhinetaon kaa chayan kiya jaataa haye. rangmanch. rodrigue ney apane poore currier mein loss angils key kaee sthaanon parr prashikshan diyaa haye. geffen playhouse mein, rodrigue 2005 mein "ichcha key nau bhaagon" parr andolan key coach they aur 2017 mein "raat mein dinn kii lambi yatra" parr. unhein upanyaas key naatak roopaantaran koo vikasit karane aur nirdeshit karane key liye montalvo arts center seey fellowship anudan seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa."unhone maark taper forum mein" "dha leftinent off inishmore" "mein criss pine koo prashikshit kiya. unhone getty vilaa mein "dha baiche" parr gulu montero key saath bhee kaam kiya. rodrigue ney dezzy white key "shugar" parr lairi moss key saath sahyog kiya haye, newyork mein playhouse 91 mein "dha siringa tree" aur 37 arts theatre, aine mein bow eason key "runn off dha litter".vaaee. unhone udain mein teatro stabil dee innovazione aur itali key ill piccolo teatro dee milano mein siringa pedh key italvi utpaadan mein rita maafi aur lairi moss key saath prashikshan diyaa haye. pashu adhyayan. rodrigue apane shodh aur kaam mein pashu vyavhaar aur andolan koo ekikrit kartaa haye. vaha pashu andolan adhyayan key madhyam seey abhinetaon koo paatron koo vikasit karane mein madad karane key liye jaane jaate hain. unake shodh key praathamik kshetra pashu andolan, vyavhaar, aakriti vigyaan, prakriti kii dhaarana aur maanav/pashu sambandh hain. yeh ruchi leonardo daa vincy aur carlo mazone-clementi dwara paida kii gaee thee. 1957 mein milano mein rahate hue, rodrigue key pitaa ney unhein davidki key vaigyaanik aur kalaatmak kaary seey parichit karaaya. way aksar davincy key aavishkaron key model dekhane key liye vigyaan aur praudyogiki key rashtriya sangrahalaya jaate they. way venranda biblioteca ambrosiana kaa bhee daura karenge, joe daa vincy key jaanvaron key chitron kaa sabse badaa sangrah haye. baad mein apane jeevan mein saine francisco mein americi sanrakshak rangmanch mein adhyayan karate hue, jeane-luis ney mazone-clementi key saath adhyayan kiya, jinhone unhein charitra vikas key liye pashu vyavhaar aur andolan key anuprayog seey parichit karaaya. puraskar aur maanyata kaa chayan karein. rodrigue koo 2008 mein montalvo arts center seey bernhard schlink key upanyaas "dha reader" key naatak roopaantaran koo vikasit karane aur nirdeshit karane key liye ack fellowship anudan seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa."

zeane-louis rodrigue zeane-louis rodrigue (janana mayee 23,1951 casablanca, morocco) obba natana tarabetudaara, chalaneya nirdeshaka, lekhaka mattu alexander tantrada hiriya shikshakaragiddare. avaru laas angelies mattu newyorknalli rangabhoomi, chalanachitra, duradarshana mattu digital madhyamagalalli kelasa maadiddaare. rodrigue avaru burlin antaaraashtriya chalanachitrotsava, maskoda piligeya campus, switzerlandna verbier festival, mexico nagarada universidad deey laa communicatian (mexico), gwaadalajaaraadallina berlinale pratibhegalu, yuu. ess. sii thornton school off music, manhatton school off music, sidniyallina national institute off dramatic art mattu myunichnallina digital life design vumengalalli kalisiddaare. rodrigue avaru kaleda 34 varshagalinda ucla school off theatre, philm und television mattu ucla herb alpert school off musicanalli bodhana vibhagada sadasyaragiddare. arambhika jeevana mattu sikshana. zeane-louis rodrigue avaru 1951rahra mayee 23randu morokkoda casablancadalli janisidaru mattu italiya milaannalli beledaru. entu varshada vayassinalli, avaru piccolo teatro dii milaanodalli "arlechino, eradu mastersna sevaka" dalli ferrucio soleriyannu nodida nantara natanagalu nirdharisidaru. 1967ralli, avaru herbert bergoff avarondige etch. bii. studiyodalli mattu sonia moor avarondige newyorkna american center phaar stanislavsky theatre artnalli kelasa maadalu praarambhisidaru. 1970ralli, vilium baal avaru syaan franciscoda american conservatory theatre (act) nalli sudhaarita tarabeti kaaryakramadalli adhyayana maadalu rodrigge purna vidyaarthivetanavannu niididaru. rodrigue avara nataneyalli tarabetiya samayadalli, avaru alexander tantravannu kanduhididaru. nantara avaru syaan franciscoda alexander teknikgaagi american centernalli tarabeti padeyalu innoo mooru varshagala kaala ulidaru. oupachaarika tarabetiya nantarada avadhiyalli, rodrigue alexander tantrada shikshakaraada margery barsto, walter carrington, patrick mcdonald mattu dialys carrington avarondige adhyayana maadidaru. rodrigue avaru jacica wolfn usiraatada kaleya pramanikruta shikshakaragiddare. bodhana vrutti. 1980ralli, rodrigue alexander techworks annu sthaapisidaru. kampaniyu laas angelies, newyork mattu itara nagargalalli khasagi bodhane, tarabeti, tarabeti, gumpu taragatigalu mattu kaaryaagaaragalannu odagisuttade. aata mattu christophe konrad ottige vevahaaravannu nadesuttaare mattu nirvahisuttaare. 1998rinda 2005ravarege, rodrigue verbier utsavada vibhagada bhagavagittu. rodrigue avaru larry paachiya studiyodalli kaaryaagaaragalannu kalisuttaare. avaru laas angelies mattu aastreliyaadallina hovard fine acting studiogalalli masterclasgalannu kalisiddaare. avaru laas angelies philharmonicanalli alexander tantrada kaaryakramavannu sthaapisidaru, allie avaru aaru varshagala kaala kalisidaru. avaru laas vegasna mgm grandnalli circus kalavidarondige kelasa maadiddaare. madhyapraachyada bhayotpadaka koshagalige nusuluva agentgalige ottada nirvahane mattu usiraatada niyantranavannu kalisalu eff. bii. aii. yinda aatanannu nemisikollalagide endu varadiyagide. chalanachitra mattu duradarshana. rodrigue avaru aii, tonya, vais, merrie queen off scots, love und mercy (philm), zhe. muntaada chalanachitragalalli natarige tarabeti niididdaare. edger, "doubleu."passion fish", "time meshin", "seabiscute (philm), mattu saamaanya hridaya (philm). avaru nirdeshaka aang lea mattu chitrakathegaara david maagee avarondige paie chalanachitra jeevanakkaagi huli chalavaliya abhivraddhiyalli sahakarisidaru. rodrigue avaru ee chalanachitrada kaalamaanada chalaneyannu necklessna sambandhavannu nrutya samyojane maadidaru. 2009rinda, rodrigue berlinal pratibhe campus kaaryakramadalli halavaaru kaaryaagaaragalannu nadeside. avaru udayonmukha natarige hosa prayogika tarabeti kaaryakramagalannu abhivraddhipadisuvalli todagisikondiddaru, pratibhaanvita natara vedike, idakkaagi vaarshikavaagi antaaraashtriya natarannu ayke maadalaaguttade. rangabhoomi. rodrigue tamma vrattijeevanaduddakku laas angeliesna halavaaru stalagalalli tarabeti padediddaare. geffen playhousenalli, rodrigue 2005ralli "ombattu bhagagala bayake" yaya chalaneya tarabetudaararaagiddaru mattu 2017ralli "ratriyavaregina hagalina sudirgha prayana" dalli. avarige montalvo arts centerninda nataka roopaantaravannu abhivraddhipadisalu mattu nirdeshisalu phelowship anudaanavannu nidalaayitu ", endu odugaru helidaru."avaru maark taper forumnalli" "leftinent off inishmore" "nalli criss painge tarabeti niididaru". aata getty villaadalli gulu montero avarondige "dhii byaache" chitradalloo kelasa maadidaru. rodrigue avaru daisi white naa "sakkare", newyorkna playhouse 91 ralliruva "siringa marah" mattu 37 arts theatre, enn nalli boow eesanna "runt off dhii litter" nalli larry pachiyondige sahakarisiddaare.vaii. avaru udinnalliruva teatro stabil dii innovagion mattu italiya ill piccolo teatro dii milaanodalli siringa marada italian utpaadaneyalli rita maphe mattu laurie pachiyondige tarabeti niididdaare. pranigala adhyayana. rodrigue tanna samshoodhane mattu kelasadalli pranigala nadavalike mattu chalaneyannu samyojisuttaane. pranigala chalaneya adhyayanada moolaka patragalannu abhivraddhipadisalu natarige sahaaya madiddakkagi avaru hesaruvasiyagiddare. pranigala chalane, nadavalike, roopavignaana, prakruti grahike mattu manava/pranigala samparkagalu avara samshoodhaneya praathamika kshetragalaagive. ee aasaktiyannu leonardo daa vincy mattu carlo myajhon-clementi huttuhaakidaru. 1957ralli milanodalliddaga, rodrigue avara tande avarige davinchia vaignaanika mattu kalaatmaka krutiyannu parichayisidaru. avaru aagaagge davinchia aavishkaaragala maadarigalannu nodalu rashtriya vignaana mattu tantragyaana vastusangrahaalayakke hoguttiddaru. avaru daa vinchiya pranigala rekhaachitragala atidodda archive aada veneranda biblioteca ambrosianage bheti nidaliddaare. tanna jeevanada nantarada avadhiyalli syaan franciscoda american conservatory theaternalli adhyayana maduvaga, zeane-louis myajhon-clementiyondige adhyayana maadidaru, avaru pranigala nadavalike mattu patrada belavanigege chalaneya anvayavannu parichayisidaru. prashastigalu mattu mannanegalannu ayke maadi. bernhard schlink avara kaadambariyaada "dhii reader" naa nataka roopaantaravannu abhivraddhipadisalu mattu nirdeshisalu rodrigge 2008 ralli montalvo arts centerninda phelowship anudaanavannu nidalaayitu."

jeane-luis roadrig jeane-luis roadrig (jananam meyy 23,1951 casablanca, moroco) oru abhinaya pariseelakanum prasthaana director ezhuthukaaranum alexander teknikkinte muthirnna adthyaapikayumaanu. loss enjalsilum newyorkkilum thiyettar, philim, television, digital media ennivayil addeham pravarthichittundu. berlin anthaaraashtra chalachithrotsavam, moscoyile janareshan campus, swittsarlandile verbier festival, meksikoo nagaratthile universidid dii laa communication (meksikoo), gwadalajarayile berlinale kazhivukal, usc thondan school oof music, manhattan school oof music, sidneyile naashanal instittyoott oof draamatik art, myoonikkile digital life design viman ennivayil roadrig padippichittundu. kazhinja 34 varshamaayi ucla school oof thiyettar, philim aandu television, ucla herb alpert school oof music ennivayile faakkaltti amgamaanu roadrig. aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum. 1951 meyy 23nuu morocoyile casablancayil janicha jeane-luis roadrig italiyile milaanilaan valarnnathu. ettaam vayassil, picolo teatro dii milanoyile "arlechino, rund yajamaananmaarude sevakan" enna chithratthile ferruzio soleriye kanda sesham addeham oru nadanakan theerumaanichu. 1967ll addeham herbert bergophinoppam echbi studiyoyilum newyorkkile american sentar phoor staanislaavski thiyettar artile sooniya moorilum pravartthikkaan thudangi. 1970-ll, saan fraansiskoyile american kansarvettari thiyettaril (aakt) advanced training prograamil padikkunnathinaayi vilyam booal rodriginu oru poornna scholarship nalki. abhinayathil rodriguvinte parisheelanatthinide addeham alexander saankethikavidya kandethi. thudarnnu moonnu varsham koodi thaamasichu american sentar phoor alexander technicaya saan fraansiskoyil pariseelanam nedi. aupachaarika parisheelanatthinu sheshamulla padanatthil, marjori baarsto, walter carrington, patrick mcdonald, daili carrington ennee alexander technic adhyapakarkkoppam roadrig padichu. jessica woolfinte swasanakalayude saakshyappeduthiya adhyaapakan koodiyaanu roadrig. adthyaapanajeevitham. 1980ll roadrig alexander tech works sthaapichu. loss enchals, newyork, mattu nagarangal ennividangalil swakaarya prabodhanam, pariseelanam, pariseelanam, group klaasukal, varkshoppukal enniva kambani nalkunnu. adhehavum christoph konraadum chernnaanu bisinus nadathunnathum nadathunnathum. 1998 muthal 2005 vare, verbier festivalinte faakkalttiyude bhaagamaayirunnu roadrig. laari mosinte studiyoyil roadrig varkshoppukal padippikkunnu. loss enjalsileyum australiyayileyum howard phine acting studiyokalil addeham maastarklaasukal padippichittundu. aarr varsham padippicha loss enchals filharmonicle addeham alexander technic prograam sthaapichu. laas vegasile mgm grandle sirkk duu soliyels kayude sarkkas kalakaaranmaarkkoppam addeham pravarthichittundu. middle eestten theevravaada cellukalilekku nuzhanjukayarunna ejantumaarkku sammarda niyanthranavum shwasana niyanthranavum padippikkunnathinaayi efbi addehathe niyamichathaayi reportund. sinimayum television. aii, tonia, vais, merii kween oof scots, lavu aandu kaarashya (philim), jeey. thudangiya chithrangalil roadrig abhinethaakkale parisheelippichittundu. edger, "dablyu."paashan fish", "time mesheen", "seabyscute (philim), normal hart (philim). piyude chalachithrajeevithathinaayi kaduva prasthaanatthinte vikasanathil addeham samvidaayakan aung liie, thirakkathaakruthu david maagi ennivarumaayi sahakarichu. neklesinte kaaryam enna chithrathinaayi aaa kaalaghatta prasthaanatthe roadrig nrithasamvidhaanam cheythu. 2009 muthal berlinale taalant campus prograamil roadrig niravadhi varkshoppukal nadathiyittundu. valarnnuvarunna abhinethaakkalkkaayi oru puthiya pariseelana paripaadikal vikasippikkunnathil addeham earppettirunnu, taalant abhinethaakkalude vedhi, athinaayi ellah varshavum anthaaraashtra abhinethaakkale thiranjedukkunnu. thiyettar. thante kariyariludaneelam niravadhi loss enchals lokkeshanukalil roadrig parisheelichittundu. geffen playhousil, 2005-ll "onpathu bhaagangalude aagraham" enna vishayathilum 2017-ll "raathriyilekkulla neenda pakal yaatra" enna vishayathilum roadrig prasthaana parisheelakanaayirunnu. novalinte oru naadaka roopeekaranam vikasippikkunnathinum samvidaanam cheiyunnathinumaayi mondelvo arts sentaril ninnu addehathinu fellowship graant labhichu ", vaayanakkaaran paranju."maarkk taper foratthil" "lefttanant oof inishmoril" "addeham kriss painine parisheelippichu". getti villa "dhii baache" enna chithratthilum addeham gulu monteyroykkoppam pravarthichu. daisey vaittinte "panchasaara", newyorkkile playhouse 91 leeii "siringa trea", 37 arts thiyettarile boow eesante "rund oof dhii litter" ennivayil roadrig laari mosumaayi sahakarichittund.vaii. udainile teatro stebail dii innovasionilum italiyile ill picolo teatro dii milanoyilum siringa maratthinte itaaliyan nirmmaanatthil addeham ritha maafiyumaayum laari mosinumaayum pariseelanam nalkiyittundu. mrugangalekkurichulla padanangal. mrugangalude perumaattattheyum chalanatheyum thante gaveshanathilum pravartthanatthilum roadrig samyojippikkunnu. mrugangalude chalana padanangaliloode kathaapaathrangal vikasippikkaan abhinethaakkale sahayichathil addeham prashasthanaan. mrugangalude chalanam, perumaattam, roopaghadana, prakrithi dhaarana, manushyan/mrugangalude bandhangal ennivayaanu addehathinte gaveshanathinte praadhamika mekhalakal. leonardo daa vincy carlo masoon-klementiyum chernnaanu eee thaalparyam srishtichathu. 1957ll milanoyil aayirikkumbol, rodriguvinte pithaav addehathe davinchiyude shaasthreeyavum kalaparavumaaya srishtikal parichayappedutthi. davinchiyude kandupiduthangalude maathrkakal kaanaan avar palappozhum naashanal museum oof sayans aandu teknolajiyil pookumaayirunnu. daa vinsiyude mrugangalude chithrangalude ettavum valia aarkkaivaaya veneranda biblioteca ambrosiana avar sandarshikkum. pinneedu jeevithathil saan fraansiskoyile american kansarvettari thiyettaril padikkumbol jeane-luis maason-klementtiyumaayi padikkukayum mrugangalude perumaattatthinteyum swabhaavavikasanathilekkulla chalanatthinteyum prayogathekkurichu addehathe parichayappedutthukayum cheythu. avaardukalum amgeekaaravum thiranjedukkuka. bernhard shlinkinte novalaaya "dhii reader"-nte oru naadaka roopeekaranam vikasippikkunnathinum samvidaanam cheiyunnathinumaayi 2008-ll mondelvo arts sentaril ninnu rodriginu fellowship graant labhichu."

jeane-louis rodrigue jeane-louis rodrigue (janm 23 meey 1951, casablanca, morokko) heey eka abhinay prashikshak, chalval sanchalak, lekhak aanee alekzandar tantrache varishtha shikshak aahet. tyanni losses angelis aanee newyorkmadhye natya, chitrapat, durdarshan aanee digital madhyamanmadhye kaam kele aahe. rodrigne berlin aantarrashtriy chitrapat mahotsav, moscotil generation campus, switzerlandmadhil verbier festival, mexico shaharatil universidade day laa communication (mexico), gwadlajara yetheel berlinal pratibha, yuu. ess. see. thornton school auph music, manhatton school auph music, sidneymadhil national institute auph dramatic aart aanee myoonichmadhil digital life design mahilanmadhye shikavale aahe. rodrigue gelya 34 varshanpasun yuu. see. ell. aii. natya, chitrapat aanee durchitravani shaala aanee yuu. see. ell. aii. aushadhi vanaspati alpert sangeet shalet pradhyapak sadasya aahet. prarambhik jeevan aanee shikshan. jeane-louis rodriguecha janm 23 meey 1951 roji morokkochya casablanca yethe jhaala aanee too milan, itali yethe vadhala. vayachya aathvya varshi, picolo teatro dii milano yethe 'arlechino, done masterscha sevak' yaa chitrapatat ferrucio soleri pahilyanantar tyane abhineta honyacha nirnay ghetala. 1967 madhye, tyanni etch. bii. studiomadhye herbert bergoff aanee newyorkmadheel american center phaur stanislavsky theater aartmadhye sooniya muur yanchyasobat kaam karnyas suruvat kelee. 1970 madhye, william ballane rodrigla sann francisco yetheel american conservatory theater (kayada) yethe pragat prashikshan karyakramat abhyas karnyasathi sampoorn shishyavrutti pradan kelee. rodriguechya abhinayachya prashikshanadarmyan tyane alekzandar tantracha shodh lavala. tyanantar teey american center phaur alekzandar technic, sann francisco yethe prashikshan ghenyasathi aanakhi teen varshe rahile. aupcharik prashikshanantar, rodrigne alekzandar tantra shikshak marjori barsto, walter carrington, patrick mcdonald aanee dialys carrington yanchyasobat abhyas keela. rodrigue heey jessica wolfchya shvasochavasachya kaleche pramanit shikshak dekhil aahet. adhyapan karkird. 1980 madhye, rodrigne alekzandar techworkschee sthapana kelee. company losses angelis, newyork aanee itar shaharanmadhye khajgi shikshan, prashikshan, prashikshan, gut varg aanee karyashala puravate. too aanee christophe konrad miloon haah vyavasay chalavatat. 1998 teey 2005 paryant, rodrigue haah verbier festivalachya vidyashakhecha bhag hota. rodrigue larry moss studiomadhye karyashala shikavato. tyane losses angelis aanee austreliyatil howardchya utkrusht abhinay studiomadhye masterclass shikavale aahet. tyanni losses angelis philharmonic yethe alekzandar tantra karyakramachi sthapana kelee, jithe tyanni sahaa varshe adhyapan kele. tyanni laas vegasmadhil emm. jee. emm. grand yethe circue du soleel kachya circus kalakaransobat kaam kele aahe. madhya purvekadil dahashatvadi kakshanmadhye ghuskhori ghuskhori agentsna tanav vyavasthapan aanee shwasan niyantran shikavanyasathi eff. bii. aay. neey tyala niyukt kele hote. chitrapat aanee durdarshan. rodrigne chitrapatanmadhye kalakaranna prashikshan dile aahe, jyat aay, tonya, 'vice', 'merrie queen auph scots', 'love andd mercy' (chitrapat), jeey. edgar, "doubleu.", 'passion phisha', 'time machine', 'seabiskit' (philm) aanee 'normal haart' (philm). payachya chitrapat jivanasathi wagh chalvalicha vikas karnyasathi tyanni digdarshak aang lii aanee patkatha lekhak david magee yanchyasobat kaam kele. rodrigne chitrapatasathichya kalkhandatil chalvaliche nrutya digdarshan kele-haranche prakaran. 2009 pasoon, rodrigne berlinal pratibha campus karyakramat anek karyashala aayojit kelya aahet. teey udayonmukh abhinetyansathi, manchavaril pratibha abhinetyansathi naveen pratyaksh prashikshan karyakramanchya vikasat sahbhagi hote, jyasathi darvarshi aantarrashtriy abhinetyanchi nivad kelee jaate. natyagruh. rodrigne tyachya sampoorn karkirdit losses angelischya anek thikani prashikshan dile aahe. geffen plehausmadhye, rodrigue 2005 madhye 'nava bhaganchya ichhevar' aanee 2017 madhye 'ratricha dirgh divasacha pravas' yaa vishayavaril chalvaliche prashikshak hote. kadambariche natak rupantar vikasit karnyasathi aanee digdarshit karnyasathi tyanna montalvo arts centercadoon shishyavrutti anudan denyat aale hote, vachak."tyanni marqa taper forummadhe" "daad leftnunt auph inishmore" "madhye criss pinela prashikshan dile". tyane getty vhilamadhye 'daad batche' varr gulu monterosobatahi kaam kele. rodrigne dezzy whitechya 'sakhar' varr larry moss, newyorkmadheel plehaus 91 madheel 'daad siringa trii' aanee 37 arts theater, aine. yethe boow issonchya 'runt auph daad litter' varr sahkarya kele aahe.vaay. tyane udainmadhil teatro stabil dii innovasion yethe aanee italitil ill picolo teatro dii milano yethe sirinjachya zadachya italian utpadanat rita mafai aanee larry moss yanna prashikshan dile aahe. pranyancha abhyas. rodrigue tyachya sanshodhan aanee kamat pranyanche vartan aanee halchalincha samavesh karato. pranyanchya halchalinchya abhyasadvare patranna vikasit karnyat madat karnyasathi too olakhala jaato. pranyanchi halchal, vartan, aakarvidnyan, nisarg aaklan aanee manvi/prani sambandh hii tyanchi sanshodhanachi prathamik kshetre aahet. hii ruchi leonardo daa vincy aanee carlo mazone-clementi yanni nirman kelee. 1957 madhye milanomadhye asatana, rodriguechya vadilanni tyala devincychya vaidnyanik aanee kalatmak karyachi olakh karoon dilee. devincychya shodhanche namune pahanyasathi teey anekada rashtriy vidnyan aanee tantradnyan sangrahalayat jayache. teey daad vinsichya pranyanchya chitranche sarvat mothe sangrah asalelya veneranda biblioteka embrosiana yaa sangrahalayalahi bhet deteel. nantarchya aayushyat sann francisco yetheel american conservatory theatermadhe shikat asatana, jeane-luine mazone-clemantisobat abhyas keela, jyane tyala pranyanchya vartanachya vapar aanee charitryachya vikasasathichya chalvalishi parichit karoon dile. puraskar aanee manyata nivada. bernhard shlinkchya 'daad reader' yaa kadambariche natak rupantar vikasit karnyasathi aanee digdarshit karnyasathi rodrigla 2008 madhye montalvo arts centercadoon shishyavrutti anudan denyat aale."

zin-luis rodrig zin-luis rodrig (janma mey 23,1951 casablanca, morokko,) ek abhinaya prashikshak, andolan nirdeshak, lekhak, rar alekjander prawidhiko warishtha shikshak hun. unle lus angelous rar newyorkma theater, film, television rar digital mediama kaam gareka chhan. rodrigle berlin antarrashtriya film mahotsava, maskoko generation campus, swizerlandko werbier mahotsava, meksiko saharko universidad day lah communication (meksiko), gwadlajarako berlinal pratibha, usc thornton schol aff music, manhattan schol aff music, sidniko national institute aff dramatic art, rar myunikhko digital life design mahilaharuma padhaeka chhan. rodrig vigat 34 warshadekhi yusiela schol aff theater, film anned television rar yusiela herb alpert schol aff musicma sankaya sadasya raheka chhan. prarambhik jiwan rar shiksha. zin-luis rodrigko janma 23 mey 1951 maa casablanca, morokkoma bhaeko thiyo rar milan, italyma hurkeka thie. atha warshako umerma, unle pikolo titro dii milanoma "arlechino, dui malikharuko sewak" maa ferrucio soleri herepachhi abhineta banne nirnaya gare. sann 1967 maa, unle hb studioma herbert bergoff rar newyorkko american centre ferr stanislavsky theater artma sonia mursanga kaam garna thale. sann 1970 maa, william balle rodriglai saan franciscoco american conservatory theater (act) maa unnat prashikshan karyakramma adhyayan garna purna chhatrawritti pradan gare. abhinayama rodrigko prashikshanko kramama unle alekjander prawidhi patta lagae. tyasapachhi uni alekjander prawidhiko americi kendrama prashikshan lyne thap tean warsha base, saan francisco. post-aupacharik prashikshanma, rodrigle alekjander prawidhi shikshak marjori barsto, walter carrington, patrick mcdonald rar delis carringtonsanga adhyayan gare. rodrig jessica wolfko sas ferne kalako pramanit shikshak pani hun. adhyapan currier. sann 1980 maa, rodrigle alekjander techworks sthapana gare. companyle lus angelous, newyork rar anya saharharuma niji nirdeshan, prashikshan, coaching, samuha kakshaharu, rar karyashalaharu pradan gardacha. uni rar christof konradle milera wyawasayako swamitwa rar sanchalan garchhan. sann 1998 dekhi 2005 samma, rodrig werbier festivalko sankayako hissa thiyo. rodrigle leri mose studioma karyashalaharu sikaunchhan. unle lus angelous rar astreliako haward fine acting studioma masterclasharu sikeka chhan. unle lus angels filharmonicma alekjander prawidhi karyakram sthapana gare, jahaan unle chha warshasamma padhae. unle lass wegasko mgm grandma circ du solils kaa circus kalakarharusanga kaam gareka chhan. madhya purvi atankawadi selharuma ghusapaitha garne agentharulai tanawa wyawasthapan rar shwasan niyantran sikauna unlai fbile bhadama lieko bataieko chha. chalchitra rar television. rodrigle chalchitraharuma abhinetaharulai prashikshit gareka chhan jasma samawesh chhah aie, tonya, "bhaisa", "merry queen aff scots", prem rar daya (film), jey. edger, "w."," payson fish ", time messin", "cbskit (film), rar samanya hridaya (film). unle paiko filmy jiwanka lagi bagh andolanko vikasma nirdeshak ang lea rar patakatha lekhak devid magisanga sahakarya gare. rodrigle chalchitraka lagi awadhi andolanko nritya nirdeshan gare-harko sambandha. sann 2009 dekhi, rodrigle berlinal pratibha campus karyakramma dherai karyashalaharu sanchalan gareko chha. uni udiyaman kalakarharuka lagi nayan hands-unn prashikshan karyakramharuko vikasma sanlagna thie, pratibha kalakarharuko manch, jaska lagi warshik rupma 15-20 antarrashtriya abhineta chayan garinchha. theater. rodrigle afno careerma dherai lus angels sthanharuma prashikshan dieka chhan. geffen playhousema, rodrig sann 2005 maa "ichchhaka nau bhagharu" maa rar sann 2017 maa "ratma lamo dinko yatra" maa andolanko prashikshak thie. unlai montalbho arts centrebata upanyasko natak rupantaran vikas rar nirdeshan garna fellowship anudan pradan garieko thiyo."unle mark taper forumma" "da leftinent aff inismore" "maa criss pinelai prashikshan die. unle getty bhilama "da byache" maa gulu monteirosanga pani kaam gare. rodrigle deji whiteko "chiny", newyorkko playhouse 91 maa "siringa trea" rar 37 arts theater, enma bow isonko "runnot aff da litter" maa leri mosasanga sahakarya gareko chha.wai. unle udinko tietro stabil dii innovagione rar italyko eal pikolo tietro dii milanoma siringa rukhko italian utpadanma rita mafai rar leri mosasanga prashikshan dieka chhan. pashu adhyayan. rodrigle afno anusandhan rar kamma janawarko wyawahar rar chalalai ekikrit gardacha. uni janawarko gatiwidhiko adhyayanmarfat patraharuko vikas garna abhinetaharulai maddat garnaka lagi parichit chhan. unko anusandhanka prathamik kshetraharu janawarko gati, wyawahar, akriti vigyan, prakriti dharana, rar manav/pashu sambandhaharu hun. yo chaso leonardo daa bhinsi rar carlo majon-clementidwara utpanna bhaeko thiyo. sann 1957 maa milanoma hunda, rodrigka bubale unlai devincyko vaigyanik rar kalatmak karyasanga parichaya garae. uniharu prayaha devincyka awishkarka modelharu hern vigyan rar prawidhiko rashtriya sangrahalayama zahn chahanthe. uniharule bhinsiko janawarharuko rekhachitrako sabaibhanda thulo sangrahalaya, bheneranda biblioteka ambrosiana pani bhraman garnechan. afno jiwanma pachhi saan franciscoco americi conservatory thieterma adhyayan garda, zin-luisle mazone-clementisanga adhyayan gare jasle unlai janawarko wyawaharko prayog rar charitra vikasma andolanko parichaya garae. puraskar rar manyata chayan garnuhos. rodriglai sann 2008 maa montalbho arts centrebata bernhard schlinko upanyasko natak rupantaranko vikas rar nirdeshan garna felocipe anudan pradan garieko thiyo."

zin-louis rodrigue zin-lui rodrigue (janma meey 23,1951 kasablanka, morocco) jane abhinai prashikhyaka, andolana nirdeshaka, lekhaka ebong alekjander teknikra baristha sikhyaka . shay lus angels ebong nyujarkare theatre, chalachitra, television ebong digital midia ray karjya karichanti. rodrigue berlin antarjatija chalachitra mahostaba, muscore generation camps, swijaralyandara warbiar festival, mexico saharar junibharsidad day laa communicacian (mexico), guadalajarare berlinel pratibha, usc thornton skul off music, manhatton skul off music, sidnire national institute off dramatic art ebong munichara digital life design mahila ray sikhya deichhanti. gata 34 barsha dhari ruddrig jayu. sii. ell. aii. skula off theatre, film anded television ebong jayu. sii. ell. aii. herb alpert skula off myujikare jane faculty sadasya achanti. prarambhika zeeban ebong sikhya. zin-lui rodrigue meey 23,1951 ray morakkore kasablankare janmagrahana karithile ebong italyra milanare badhithile. aatha barsha bajasare, shay picolo titro dii milanore "arlechino, dui gurunka sebaka" ray ferrucio solereenku dekhiba parey jane abhineta hebaku nishpatti neithile. 1967 masihare shay echa. bii. studiore herbert bergoff ebong nyujarkara stanislavsky theatre art paain americae kendrare sonia muranka saha kaama kariba arambha karithile. 1970 masihare, william bull shaan franciscore americae kanajarabhetori theatre (act) ray unnat talim karjyakramare adhyajana kariba paain rodriganku eka sampurna chhatrabrutti pradan karithile. abhinajare rodrignka prasikhyana samajare shay alekjander kaushala abishkara karithile. ehapare shay ahuri tini barsha rahithile ebong americae centre pharr alekjandar technic, shaan franciscore talim neithile. aanusthanika parabarti prashikhyanare, rodrigue alekjander technic sikhyaka marjori barsto, walter kyaringatan, patrick mcdonald ebong delis kyaringatannka saha adhyajana karithile. rodrigue jessica olphanka swasakrija kalaara jane pramanita sikhyaka madhya. sikhyadana brutti. 1980 masihare, rodrigue alekjandar tequarcs pratistha karithile. company lus angeless, nyujarka ebong anyanya saharare gharoi nirdesh, talim, koching, group class ebong karmasala pradan kare . shay ebong christoff konrad ehi byabasajara malika ebong milita bhabe parichalana karanti. 1998 ru 2005 parjyanta, rodrigue warbiar phestibhalara facultyra anshabisesha thile. rodrigue lyari mus studiore karmasala sikhya dianti . shay lus angels ebong astreliaara haward fine acting studiore masterclass padhaichhanti. shay lus angeless philharmonic thaare alekjandar technic programme pratistha karithile, jeunthare shay chhaa barsha dhari sikhyadana karithile. shay laas bhegasara mgm grandare circus du solil kaa kalakaranka saha kaama karichanti. madhyaprachya aatankabadee prakosthare anuprabesha karuthiba agentmananku chaap parichalana ebong swasakrija nijantrana sikhya deba paain tanku aif. bii. aai. dwara nijukti diajaithila bolly suchana milichi. chalachitra ebong television. rodrigue chalachitrare abhinetanku talim deichhanti, jeunthire antarbhuktah aai, tonia, "bhais", "merrie quin off scots", labh anded mercia (film), jay. edger, "wha."," abeg maacha "," samai messin "," seabyscoot (film), ebong sadharana hrudai (film). shay nirdeshaka aang ly ebong chitranatya lekhaka devida maginka saha paai chalachitra zeeban paain bagha andolanara bikashare sahjog karithile. rodrigue ehi chalachitra paain period andolanaku choreograph karithile-harror samparka . 2009 masiharu, rodrigue berlinel pratibha camps karjyakramare aneka karmasala ayojan karichanti. shay udiyamana abhinetanka paain eka nutan prasikhyana karjyakramara bikashare jadita thile, pratibha abhineta mancha, jaahaa paain pratibarsha antarjatija abhineta chayan karajae . theatre. rodrigue taanka kyarijarare aneka lus angeles sthanare talim deichhanti. geffen plehausare, rodrigue 2005 ray "ichhara naaa ansha" upare andolana prashikhyaka thile ebong 2017 ray "ratiku dirgha dinara jatra" ray. tanku upanyasara eka nataka abhijojana bikashita ebong nirdeshita karibaku montalvo kalaa kendraru phelocip anudan pradan karajaithila."shay marck taper phoramare" "inishmore leftnant" "ray criss painnku talim deithile. shay getty bhilare gulu monteironka saha "daa baache" ray madhya kaama karithile. rodrigue deji whitera "chini", nyujarkara playhouse 91ray "siringa gacha" ebong 37 art theatre, enn ray bow isannka "runt off dee litter" ray lerry mus sahita sahjog karichanti.jaiah. shay rita mafei ebong lerry masnka saha mishi udinara titro stable dii innovagion ebong italyra eal picolo titro dii milanore siringa gachara italiah utpadanare talim deichhanti. pashu adhyajana. rodrigue taanka gabeshana ebong karjyare prani acharan ebong gatibidhiku ekeekruta kare . shay pashu gatibidhi adhyajana madhyamare abhinetanku charitra bikashare sahajya kariba paain janashuna . tankara gabeshanara prathamika khetragudika heuchhi pashu gatibidhi, acharan, angasangsthana, prakruti upalabdhi, ebong manab/pashu samparka. ehi agraha leonardo daa bhinchi ebong carlo majon-klementinka dwara srusti hoithila. 1957 masihare milanore thiba samajare, rodrignka pita tanku devinchira baigyanika ebong kalatmaka karjya sahita parichita karaithile. semane prajatah devinchinka udbhabanara model dekhiba paain jatiah bigyana ebong prajuktibidya sangrahalajaku jauthile. semane bhinchira praneenka chitrara sarbabruhata sanrakhyanagara bheneranda biblioteka ambrosiana madhya paridarshan karibe. parabarti samajare taanka jeebanare, shaan franciscore thiba americae kanajarabhetori thietarare adhyajana karuthiba samajare, zin-luiz majon-klimentinka saha adhyajana karithile, jie tanku prani acharanara prajoga ebong charitra bikashare andolana sahita parichita karaithile. puraskara ebong swekruti chayan karantu. bernhard schlinkanka upenyas 'daa reader' rahr eka nataka rupantaranara bikash ebong nirdeshana paain 2008 ray rodrigku montalvo art sentararu eka phelocip anudan pradan karajaithila."

jeane-luis roaderig jeane-luis roaderig (janam 23 maee, 1951 casablanca, morakko) ikk adakari coach, andolan nirdeshak, lekhak atey alegzander takneek daa senior adhiaapak haii. unhan neey theatre, film, television atey digital media witch laas angels atey newyork witch kamm keeta haii. rodrig neey barlin antarashtari film festival, masco witch generation camps, switzerland witch verbier festival, mexico shehar witch universidad dee laa communication (mexico), guadalzara witch berlinal pratibha, usc thornton school aaf music, manhattan school aaf music, sidney witch national institute aaf dramatic aart atey munich witch digital life design aurtan witch padaiaa haii. rodderig pichle 34 saalan toon yuu. see. aill. aii. school aaf theatre, film atey television atey yuu. see. aill. aii. jadee-bootiaan dey alpert school aaf music witch ikk faculty member riha haii. mudhla jeevan atey sikkhiaa. jeane-luis roaderig daa janam 23 maee, 1951 noon casablanca, morakko witch hoiaa see atey uss daa paalan-poshan milan, itali witch hoiaa see. atth saal dee umar witch, usne piccolo teatro dee milano witch "arlechino, doou masteran daa sevak" witch ferrucio solari noon dekhan toon baad ikk adakar bannan daa faisla keeta. sann 1967 witch, uss neey aich. bee. studio witch herbert bergoff atey newyork witch american center phaar stanislavsky theatre aart witch sonia moor naal kamm karna shuru keeta. sann 1970 witch viliam baal neey rodrig noon sainn francisco witch american conservatory theatre (aikat) witch unnat sikhlai program witch adhiaen curran laee ikk puurii scholarship naal sanmanit keeta. rodderig dee acting dee sikhlai dauran, uss neey alegzander takneek dee khoj keeti. firr uh american center phaar alegzander takneek, sainn francisco witch sikhlai lainn laee tinn saal horr rahey. rasmi sikhlai toon baad, roaderig neey alegzander takneek dey adhiaapkan marjori barsto, walter carrington, patrick mcdonald atey dialys carrington naal adhiaen keeta. rodderig jessica wolf dee saah lainn dee qalaa daa pramanit adhiaapak vee haii. adhiaapan carrier. 1980 witch, roaderig neey alegzander tackworks dee sathapana keeti. company laas angels, newyork atey horr shahiran witch nijji sikkhiaa, sikhlai, coaching, group classes atey workshopan pardan kardi haii. uh atey christoff konrad mill keey carobar daa maalak haii atey chalaunde hunn. 1998 toon 2005 takk, roaderig verbier festival dee faculty daa hissa see. rodderig lairi moses studio witch workshopan sikhaunda haii. uss neey laas angels atey australia witch haward fine acting studios witch maastar classes padaiaan hunn. uss neey laas angels filharmonic vikhe alegzander takneek program dee sathapana keeti, jitthe uss neey chhe saal padaiaa. uss neey laas vegas witch aimm. jee. aimm. grand witch circus kalakaran naal kamm keeta haii. uss noon kathit taur utte eff. bee. aaee. duaara maddh purbi attvadi saillan witch ghuspaith curran vaale agentan laee tanaa parbandhan atey saah lainn utte kabu paunh laee niyukat keeta giaa see. film atey television rodrig neey filman witch adakaran noon sikhlai ditti haii jiss witch shamal hann aaee, tonia, "vice", "mairi kaveen aaf scots", lava aind karua (film), jey. ederger, "w."," paishan fish ", time masheen", seabiscuit (film), atey aam dill (film). unhan neey paai dey filmi jeevan laee tiger andolan dey vikas witch nirdeshak aing lee atey patkatha lekhak david maagi naal sahiyog keeta. rodderig neey film laee period andolan dee choreography keeti haar daa mamla. 2009 toon, rodderig neey berlinal pratibha camps program witch kaee workshopan daa ayojan keeta haii. uh ubbhar rahey adakaran laee ikk navein sikhlai programan dey vikas witch shamal sunn, pratibha adakar stage, jiss laee harr saal antarashtari adakaran dee chonh keeti jaandi haii. theatre. rodderig neey aapne poore crear dauran kaee laas angels sathanan 'teey sikhlai ditti haii. geffen playhouse witch, roaderig 2005 witch "ichha dey naun hissiaan" atey 2017 witch "raat witch lambe dinn dee yaatra" utte andolan coach see. uss noon nawal dey natak dey anukulan noon vikast curran atey nirdeshit curran laee montalvo arts center toon fellowship grant naal sanmanit keeta giaa see."uss neey maarak taper forum witch" "leftinent aaf inismore" "witch criss pine noon sikhlai ditti. uss neey gatty vilaa witch "dha baiche" utte gulu monteiro naal vee kamm keeta. roaderig neey dezzy white dey "khand", newyork dey playhouse 91 witch "saringa tree" atey 37 arts theatre, ainn witch boow eason dey "runt aaf dha litter" utte lairi moses naal sahiyog keeta haii.vaaee. uss neey eudene witch teatro stabile dee innovazion atey itali dey ill piccolo teatro dee milano vikhe siringa rukkh dey ikk italvi utpadan witch reeta maafi atey lairi moses naal sikhlai ditti haii. janwaran daa adhiaen. rodderig janwaran dey vivhaar atey andolan noon aapni khoj atey kamm witch ekikrit karda haii. uh janwaran dee gatee dey adhiaen raahin patran noon vikast curran witch adakaran dee madad curran laee jaane jaande hunn. uss dee khoj dey muddhale khetar janwaran dee gatee, vivhaar, roop vigiaan, kudrat dee dharna atey manukkhi/pashu sambandh hunn. ih dilchaspi leonardo daa vinchi atey carlo mazone-clementy duaara paida keeti gaee see. jadon uh 1957 witch milano witch sunn, taan rodrig dey pitaa neey unhan noon davidchi dey vigiaanak atey kalatmak kamm naal jaanhu karvaiaa. uh aksar davidchi deeaan kaadhan dey maadlan noon vekhan laee vigiaan atey technology dey rashtari ajaib gharr jaande sunn. uh venranda biblioteca ambrosiana daa vee daura karange, joe kii daa vinchi dey janwaran dey chittran daa sabh toon vadda puralekh haii. baad witch sainn francisco witch amriki conservatory theatre witch padahde hoye, jeane-luis neey mazone-clementy naal adhiaen keeta jiss neey uss noon janwaran dey vivhaar atey charittar vikas laee andolan dee varton naal jaanhu karvaiaa. puraskar atey maanta dee chonh crow. rodrig noon 2008 witch montalvo arts center toon ikk fellowship grant naal sanmanit keeta giaa see taan joe bernhard schlink dey nawal dey natak dey anukulan noon vikast atey nirdeshit keeta jaa sake."

jeane-louis rodrigue jeane-louis rodrigue (janma mey 23,1951 casablanca, morokko) ekaha abhinaya-prashikshakah, aandolan-nirdeshaka, lekhakah, aleksaandar-tantrasya varishtah shikshaka cha asti. saha laas-angelies-nagare, nyuyaark-nagare cha naatake, chalachchitre, dooradarshan-maadhyame, digital-maadhyame cha karyam krutavaan. rodrigue ityayam berlin-antarashtriya-chalacchitra-mahotsave, maasko-nagare generation-parisarah, switzerlyaand-deshe verbier-mahotsave, meksiko-nagare universidad day laa-communication (meksiko), gwadalajara-nagare berlinel-pratibhaam, yoo. ess. see. thornton-school aaf-music, manhatton-school-aaf-music, sidney-nagare national-institute-aaf-dramatic-art, myunich-nagare digital-laif-desain-mahilaah cha upadishat. rodrigue ityeshah gata 34 varshaani yaavat yoo. see. ell. e. vidyaalayasya natya-chalacchitra-dooradarshan-vidyaalaye tathaa yoo. see. ell. e. mulika-alpert-vidyaalaye cha praadhyaapak-sadasyah asti. praarambhikajeevanam tathaa shiksha. jeane-louis rodrigue ityayam 1951 mey 23 dinaanke morokko-deshasya casablanca-nagare ajayata, itali-deshasya milan-nagare cha utthaapitah. ashtavarshasya vayasi, picolo teatro dii milaano ityatra "aarlechino, dwau guruyoho sewakah" ityasmin chalachchitre ferrucio soleri iti abhinetaaroopen pravartitum nirnayam akarot. 1967 tame varshe, saha herbert bergoff ityanena saha ech. bii. studio-madhye, sonia moor ityanena saha nyuyaark-nagarasya american-center-faar-stanislavsky-theatre-art-madhye cha karyam aarabdhavaan. 1970 tame varshe, vilium-baal-varyaha, syaan-francisco-nagarasya american-concervatory-theatre (aakt) ityatra unnata-prashikshan-kaaryakrame adhyayanartham rodrigue-ityasmai poorna-vidvattaam pradadat. radrig ityasya abhinayasy prashikshanakaale, saha alexander-tantram aavishkarot. tatah saha american-center-farr-alexander-technic, syaan-francisco ityatra prashikshanartham varshatrayam yaavat avasat. aupachaarika-prashikshananantaram, rodrigue ityeshah alekzaandar-tantrasya shikshakaih marjori barsto, valter-carrington, petrick-mcdanald, dallies-carrington cha ityetaih saha adhyanam akarot. rodrigue ityayam jessica wolf ityasya shvaasocchavaasasya kalayaha pramaanitah shikshaka api asti. adhyaapan-vruttihi. 1980 tame varshe, rodrigue aleksaandar-techworks samsthaapayat. kampanee laas-angelies, nyuyaark, anyeshu nagareshu cha nijee-nirdesha, prashikshanm, prashikshanm, samooh-kakshaah, karyashalam cha pradadaati. saha christoff konrad cha militvaa vyavasaayasya swaamyam cha nirvahati. 1998 taha 2005 paryantam, rodrigue-varyaha verbier-utsavasya adhyaapakavargasya bhaagah aasit. rodrigue-varyaha lairee-mose-studio-madhye karyashalam shikshayati. saha laas-angelies-australia-deshayoho haward-fain-acting-studios ityatra masterclass-shikshitah asti. saha laas-angelies-philharmonic-nagare aleksaandar-tantra-karyakramam asthaapayat, yatra saha shanmaasaparyantam upadishat. saha laas vegas-nagarasya emm. jii. emm. grand-nagare sirkyoo du soliyals kaa ityasya circus-kalaakaaraih saha karyam krutavaan. madhyapoorva-bhayotpaadak-prakoshteshu pravishataam abhikartrubhyah tanaava-vyavasthaapanam shvasana-niyantranam cha shikshayitum saha ef. bee. aii. ityanena niyuktah iti kathyate. chalacchitram tathaa dooradarshanam cha. rodrigue ityayam chalacchitreshu abhinetrubhyah prashikshanm dattavaan, yathaah aii, tonyaa, "vais", "merry queen aaf scots", love and mercy (chalacchitram), jey. edger, "va."pyaashan-fish", "da taim-mesheen", see-biscut (film), tathaa cha da normal-haart (film) iti. saha nirdeshakena aang lee ityanena, chitrakathaalekhakena david maagi ityanena saha cha, pee ityasya chalachchitrajeevanasya krute vyaaghra-aandolanasy vikaase sahayogam akarot. radrig ityayam da afer aaf da neclus iti chalacchitrasya period-movement ityasya nrutyanirdeshanam krutavaan. 2009 tamaat varshaat aarabhy, rodrigue-samsthaa berlinel-pratibhaasambaddh-kaaryakrame anekaani karyashalani aayojayat. saha udayonmukhanam abhinetaranam krute nutanasya hasta-prashikshan-karyakramanam vikaase samlagnah aasit, pratibhaa-abhinetaah manche, yasya krute prativarsham 15-20 antarashtriya-abhinetaah chitah bhavanti. naatake. rodrigue ityeshah swasya sampoorne vruttijeevanakaale anekeshu laas-angelies-sthaleshu prashikshanm dattavaan asti. geffen-playhouse-madhye, rodrigue 2005 tame varshe "navabhaagaah icchaayaah" vishaye, 2017 tame varshe "raatrau deerghadivasasya yatrayaha" vishaye cha aandolan-prashikshakah aasit. upanyaasasy naatak-roopaantaranasy vikasaya nirdeshanartham montaalvo-arts-kendraat phehlowship-anudaanam avaapnot."saha maark taper forum ityatra" da leftinent aaf inishmore "ityasmin criss pain ityasya prashikshanm dattavaan. saha getty-villaayaam "da-byaache" ityasmin gulu-montero ityanena saha api karyam krutavaan. rodrigue ityanena dezie-vait ityasya "shakkarm", nyuyaark-nagarasya playhouse-91 ityatra "siringa-vrukshah", 37 arts-theatre-madhye bow-eesan ityasya "runt-aaf-da-later" ityetayoho vishaye laaree-mose ityanena saha sahayogah krutah asti.ya. saha rita maafey tathaa laaree mose ityetaih saha, udain-nagarasya teatro stabile dee innovazion ityatra, italee-deshasya ill pikkolo teatro dee milaano ityatra cha italian-nirmitasya siringa-vrukshasya prashikshanm dattavaan. pashu-adhyayanm. rodrigue ityayam pashunam vyavahaaram, chalanam cha swasya samshodhane kaarye cha ekeekrutam karoti. saha pashunam chalanasy adhyayanasya madhyamena patranam vikaase abhinetrubhyah sahayyam kartum prasidhah asti. tasya samshodhanaayaah praathamikakshetraani pashunam gatihi, vartanam, aakrutividnyaanam, prakruti-dharana, maanav-pashu-sambandhah cha santi. leonardo daa vincy tathaa carlo maajon-cleminty ityetaih asya ruchihi pravartita. 1957 tame varshe milaano-nagare, rodrigue ityasya pitaa tam devincy ityasya vaidnyaanik-kalaatmak-kaaryam abhineet. te praayah devincy ityasya avishkaranam pratiroopaani drashtum vijnaana-praudyogikee-rashtriya-sangrahaalayam gacchanti sma. te venarandaa biblioteca ambrosiana ityapi gacchanti, yat daa vincy ityasya pashunam chitraanaam bruhattamam abhilekhanam asti. pashchat jeevanakaale syaan-francisco-nagarasya american-concervatory-theatre-madhye adhyayanakaale jeane-louis ityeshah mezon-chlemity ityanena saha adhyanam akarot, yah tasya pashunam vyavahaarasya prayogasya, charitravikaasasya cha chalanasy cha parichayah akarot. puraskaran, manyatam cha cha cha chinotu. rodrigue-varyaha 2008 tame varshe montaalvo-arts-center-samsthayaa bernhard shlink ityasya "da reeder" iti upanyaasasy naatak-roopaantarasy vikasaya nirdeshanaay cha adhyetrutva-anudaanam avaapnot."

jeane-luis rodrick jeane-luis rodrick (prappu mae 23,1951, casablanca, moraco) oru nadippu payirchiyaalar, iyakka iyakkunar, ezhuththaalar mattrum alexander nutpaththin mooththa aasiriyar aavaar. avar losses aenjals mattrum newyoarkil naadagam, thiraippadam, tholaikaatchi mattrum digital uudakangkalil paniyaattriyullaar. rodrick berlin sarvadesa thiraippada vizhaa, mascovil ulla thalaimurai valaagam, switcherlaandhil ulla verbier vizhaa, mexico nagaril ulla universidat dii laa communication (mexico), gwadalajaraol ulla berlinale thiramaikal, yuu. ess. chii thornton isaip palli, manhattan isaip palli, sidniyil ulla thaesiya naadagak kalai niruvanam mattrum munichchil ulla digital vaazhkkai vadivamaippu penkal aagiya idangkalil karpitthullaar. rodrick kadantha 34 aandugalaaka yuu. chii. ell. aee. naadagam, thiraippadam mattrum tholaikaatchi palli mattrum yuu. chii. ell. aee mooligai albert isaip pallyil aasiriya uruppinaraaga irunthu varukiraar. aarambagaala vaazhkkai mattrum kalvi. jeane-luis rodrick mae 23,1951 andru morakovin casablangavil piranthaar, maelum itaaliyin milaanil valarnthaar. ettu vayathil, picolo teatro dii milaanoavil "arlechino, irandu ejamaanargalin oozhiyar" endra padaththil ferrucio solaeriyaip paarththa piragu oru nadigaraaga maara mudivu seithaar. 1967 aam aandil, avar ech. pii studiovil herbert bergoff mattrum newyoarkil ulla american center phaar stanislavsky theater artle sonia muur aakiyoarudan paniyaattrath thodangkinaar. 1970 aam aandil, villiyam paal raatrikkirku chaan franciscovil ulla america conservatory theateril (sattam) maempatta payirchith thittaththil padikka muzhu uthaviththogaiyaiyum valangkinaar. roadrikkuvin nadippu payirchiyin poathu, avar alexander nutpatthaik kandupiditthaar. pinnar avar alexander nutpaththirkaana america myyamaana chaan franciscovil payirchi pera maelum moontru aandugal thangiyirunthaar. muraikkup pinththaiya payirchiyil, rodrick alexander nutpa aasiriyargalaana marjori barsto, walder carington, paetrik mcdonald mattrum dailis carington aakiyoarudan padiththaar. rodrick jessica oonaayin suvaasak kalaiyin saantralikkappatta aasiriyarum aavaar. karpiththal thozhil. 1980 aam aandil, rodrick alexander techworks niruvanatthai niruvinaar. inthniruvanam losses aenjals, newyorg mattrum pira nagarangalil thaniyar arivuruththal, payirchi, payirchi, kuzhu vaguppugal mattrum pattaraikalai valangkukirathu. avarum christophe konraattum inainthu vanigaththai nadaththi varukintranar. 1998 muthal 2005 varai, rodrick verbier thiruvizhaavin aasiriyarin oru paguthiyaaga irunthaar. rodrick laurie paasi studiovil pattaraikalai karpikiraar. losses aenjals mattrum australiavil ulla hovard fine nadippu studiyoakkalil maastar classkalai karpitthullaar. avar losses aenjals bilharmonicle alexander nutpath thittatthai niruvinaar, angku avar aaru aandugal karpitthaar. losses vaekaasil ulla mgm grandle sark duu solils qaa sarkas kalaignargaludan paniyaattriyullaar. matthiya kilakku bayangaravaatha kuzhukkalukkul ooduruvum mugavargalukku mana azhuththam maelaanmai mattrum suvaasak kattuppaadu aagiyavattraik karpikka avar eff. pii. aii. yaal paniyamarththappattathaaka koorappadugiradhu. thiraippadam mattrum tholaikaatchi. rodrick, aii, donia, vais, maeri quin off scots, love andd karunai (thiraippadam), jay. ullitta thiraippatankalil nadikarkalukku payirchi aliththullaar. edger, "doublue.", beshan meane", time meshin ", seabiscood (padam), mattrum saathaarana idhayam (padam). paii thiraippada vaazhkkaikkaaga buulii iyakkaththai maempaduththuvathil iyakkunar aung liie mattrum tiraikkathai ezhuththaalar davit maagae aakiyoarudan avar oththulaiththaar. rodrick neclessin vivagaaraththirkaaga padaththirkaana kaala iyakkaththai nadanamaadinaar. 2009 muthal, rodrick berlinale thiramai valaagath thittaththil pala pattaraikalai nadaththiyullaar. valarnthu varum nadikarkalukkaana puthiya payirchi thittangalai uruvaakkuvathil avar eedupattaar, thiramai nadigargal maedai, idharkaaga aanduthoarum sarvadesa nadigargal thaernthedukkappadugiraar. naadagam. rodrick thanathu thozhil vaazhkkai muzhuvathum pala losses aenjals idangkalil payirchi aliththullaar. keffen plaehavusil, rodrick 2005 aam aandil "onbathu bhaagangkal aasai" mattrum 2017 aam aandil "iravukkul neenda pakal payanam" aagiyavattril iyakka payirchiyaalaraaka irunthaar. naavalin naadaga thazhuvalai uruvaakki iyakka mondalvo kalai maiyaththilirunthu avarukku uthaviththogai maaniyamaaga vazhangkappattathu, "vaasagar."maark daper mandraththil" "inshmore leptinent" "ill chriss bainukku payirchi aliththaar". avar ketty villaavil "thii bache" endra padaththilum kulu monterovudan panipurinthaar. rodrick deisey oitin "sarkkarai", newyoarkil ulla blaehavus 91 ill ulla "siringa maram" mattrum 37 kalai theateril poa eesanin "runt off thii litter" aagiyavattril laurie paasiyudan oththulaiththullaar.oy. avar udinil ulla teatro stable dii innovajion mattrum itaaliyin ill picolo teatro dii milaanoavil ulla siringa maraththin itaaliya urpaththiyil ritta mafay mattrum laurie paasiyudan payirchi aliththullaar. vilangku aaivugal. rodrick thanathu aaraaichi mattrum vaelaiyil vilangku nadaththai mattrum iyakkaththai orunginaikkiraar. vilangkugalin iyakka aaivugal moolam kathaapaaththirangalai valarkka nadikarkalukku uthaviyatharkaaka avar ariyappadugiraar. vilangkugalin iyakkam, nadaththai, uruvaviyal, iyarkai karutthu mattrum manitha/vilangku thodarbugal aagiyavai avarathu aaraaychchiyin muthanmai paguthigalaakum. inththa aarvam leonardo daa vincy mattrum carlo mason-clemential thoondappattathu. 1957 aam aandil milaanoavil irunththapoathu, rodrickin thanthai avarai davincyin ariviyal mattrum kalaip padaippugalai arimugapaduththinaar. avarkal adikkadi davincyin kandupidippugalin maathirigalaik kaana thaesiya ariviyal mattrum thozhilnutpa arungaatchiyagaththirkuch selvaargal. avarkal daa vinsiyin vilangkugalin varaipadangkalin migapperiya kaappagamaana veneranda biblioteca ambrosianavaiyum paarvaiyiduvaargal. pinnar thanathu vaazhkkaiyil chaan franciscovil ulla america conservatory theateril padikkumpoathu, jeane-luis mason-clementiyudan padiththaar, avar vilangkugalin nadaththai mattrum thanmai valarcchikku iyakkaththaip payanpaduththuvathai arimugapaduththinaar. viruthugal mattrum angkeekaarangkalaith thaernthedukkavum. bernhard shlinkin navalaana "thii reader" inn naadaga thazhuvalai uruvaakki iyakka roatrikkirku 2008 aam aandil mondalvo kalai maiyaththilirunthu oru kootturavu manium vazhangkappattathu."

zeane-luis rodrigue zeane-luis rodrigue (jananam mae 23,1951 casablanca, moraco) oka natana sikshakudu, udyama darsakudu, rachayita mariyu alegzander technic yokka senior upadhyayudu. athanu laas angels mariyu newyorklo theatre, film, television mariyu digital medialo panicheesaadu. rodrigue berlin antarjaateeya chalana chitrotsavam, mascoloni generation campus, switzerlandloni verbier festival, mexico nagaramloni universidad dii laa communication (mexico), gwadalajaraloni berlinale pratibha, usc thornton school off music, manhatton school off music, sidneylooni national institute off dramatic art mariyu myoonichlooni digital life design umenlalo bodhinchaaru. rodrigue gatha 34 samvatsaraalugaa ucla school off theatre, film und television mariyu ucla herb alpert school off musiclo adhyapaka sabhyudiga unnaaru. prarambha jeevitam mariyu vidya. zeane-luis rodrigue 1951 mae 23naa moracoloni casablancalo janminchaaru mariyu italeelooni milanlo perigaaru. enimidella vayasulo, piccolo teatro dii milanolo "arlechino, iddaru masters sevakudu" loe ferrucio solerini chusina taruvaata natudigaa maaraalani nirnayinchukunnadu. 1967loe, athanu hetch. bii. studiolo herbert bergoff mariyu newyorkloni american center pharr stanislavsky theatre art vadda sonia moortho kalisi panicheyadam praarambhinchaadu. 1970loe, vilium baall shaan franciscoloni american conservatory theatre (act) loe adhunaatana sikshanaa kaaryakramamlo adhyayanam cheyadaaniki rodrigku puurti scholarshipnu pradaanam chesaaru. natanalo rodrigue sikshana samayamlo, athanu alegzander saanketikatanu kanugonnadu. aaa taruvaata athanu american center pharr alegzander technic, shaan franciscolo sikshana pondadaaniki maroe moodu samvatsaraalu unnadu. post formal sikshanalo, rodrigue alegzander technic upaadhyaayulu marjori barsto, walter carrington, patrick mcdonald mariyu dialys carringtonlatho adhyayanam chesaaru. rodrigue jessica wolf yokka swaasa kalaku dhruveekarinchabadina upadhyayudu kooda. upadhyaya vrutti. 1980loe, rodrigue alegzander techworksnu sthaapinchaaru. eee samstha laas angels, newyork mariyu itara nagarallo private bodhana, sikshana, coaching, samuuha taragatulu mariyu varkshaaplanu andistundi. athanu mariyu christophe konrad kalisi vyapaaraanni nirvahistunnaaru. 1998 nundi 2005 varaku, rodrigue verbier festival adhyaapakulalo bhaagamgaa undedi. rodrigue laurie naachu studiolo varkshaaplanu bodhistaadu. athanu laas angels mariyu australialoni howard fine acting studiolalo master klaasulu neerpinchaadu. athanu laas angels philharmonic vadda alegzander technic prograamnu sthaapinchaadu, akkada athanu aaru samvatsaraalu bodhinchaadu. athanu laas vegasloni mgm grandlo circus kalaakaarulato kalisi panicheesaadu. madhyapraachya ugravaada vibhaagaalloki chorabadutunna agentlaku ottidi nirvahana mariyu swaasakosha niyantrana neerpadaaniki fbi atanni niyaminchinatlu samacharam. cinema mariyu television. rodrigue ii, tonya, vais, maerii queen off scots, love und mercy (film), zhe vanti chitraalalo natulaku sikshana icchaaru. edger, "doubleu.", pyaashan fish", time meshin ", seabiscute (film), mariyu saadhaarana hrudayam (film). paie cinema jeevitam kosam pulula udyamam abhivruddhilo ayana darsakudu aang lii mariyu screen raitar david maageetho kalisi panicheesaaru. eee chitram kosam neckless vyavaharam kosam kaala kadalikanu rodrigue nruthyaroopakalpana chesaaru. 2009 nundi, rodrigue berlin pratibha campus kaaryakramamlo aneka varkshaaplanu nirvahinchindi. prati samvatsaram antarjaateeya natulanu empika chese rangasthalamlo pratibhagala natula kosam kotta prayogaatmaka sikshanaa kaaryakramaala abhivruddhilo ayana palgonnaru. theatre. rodrigue thana kereer mottamlo aneka laas angels pradaesaalaloo sikshana pondaadu. geffen playhouselo, rodrigue 2005loe "tommidi bhagala korika" paie mariyu 2017loe "raatriloki sudeergha pagati prayaanam" paie udyama sikshakudigaa unnaaru. navala yokka naataka anusarananu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki mariyu darsakatvam vahinchadaaniki ataniki montalvo arts center nundi phelowship grant labhinchindi ", anie reader chepparu."athanu maark taper forumlo" "leftinent off inishmore" "loe criss painku sikshana icchaadu". athanu getty villaalo gulu monterotho kalisi "dhi bache" loe kooda panicheesaadu. rodrigue diacy white yokka "shugarh", newyorkloni playhouse 91 vadda "dhi sirinja tree" mariyu 37 arts theatre, enn loe boow eesan yokka "runt off dhi litter" paie laurie naachutho kalisi panicheesaaru.vai. athanu udinlooni teatro stable dii innovagion vadda mariyu italeelooni ill piccolo teatro dii milano vadda sirinja chettu yokka italian utpattilo rita maafe mariyu laurie naachutho sikshana pondaadu. janthu adhyayanalu. rodrigue thana parisoedhana mariyu paniloo jantuvula pravartana mariyu kadalikalanu ekikrutam chestaadu. jantuvula kadalikala adhyayanala dwara natulu paatralanu abhivruddhi cheyadamlo sahaayapadataaniki ayana prasiddhi chendaaru. ayana parisoedhanaloo praadhamika rangaalu jantuvula kadalika, pravartana, padanirmaana shaastram, prakruti avagahana mariyu maanava/janthu sambandhaalu. eee aasaktini leonardo daa vincy mariyu kaarlo majon-clementi prerepinchaaru. 1957loe milanolo unnappudu, rodrigue tandri ataniki davincy shaastreeya mariyu kalaatmaka rachanalanu parichayam chesaaru. vaaru tarachugaa davincy aavishkaranala namuunaalanu chuudataaniki national museum off sains und technologyki vellevaaru. vaaru daa vincy yokka jantuvula chitraala yokka atipedda archive ayina veneranda biblioteca ambrosiana kooda sandarsistaaru. thana jeevitamlo taruvaata shaan franciscoloni american conservatory theatres chaduvutunnappudu, zeane-luis majon-clementeetho adhyayanam chesaadu, athanu paatra abhivruddhiki janthu pravartana mariyu udyamam yokka anuvartanaanni parichayam chesaadu. avaardulu mariyu gurtimpunu enchukondi. bernhard schlink navala "dhi reader" yokka naataka anusarananu abhivruddhi cheyadaaniki mariyu darsakatvam vahinchadaaniki rodrigku 2008loe montalvo arts center nundi phelowship grant labhinchindi."

jaine-lois rudrag jaine lois rudrag (paidaish 23 mayee 1951 casablanca marakash) eek adakari coach tehreek kay director masnaf aur alegzender taknik kay seniyar teacher haine. inhon nay laas angeles aur neoyork mein theater film teeli vision aur degital mediya mein kaam kiyaa hay. rudrag nay barlan international film festival maasko mein generation camps sweatzerland mein verbier festival mexico shehar mein universedad ddee laa communication (mexico)yee guadaljara mein baralneel telent yuu aiss see thorantan school aaf music meen heaton school aaf music sudney mein national insity teut aaf dramayi aart aur meunakh mein degital life design weeman mein padhaya hay. rudrag pachlay 34 saalon say yuu see eel aey school aaf theater film aind teeli vision aur yuu see eel aey harb alpart school aaf music mein faculty mumber rahay haine. ibtadayi zindagi aur taleem. jaine lois rudrag 23 mayee 1951 kuu casablanca marakash mein paida hoay aur inn kii prorish melaan atlee mein hoyee. aath saal kii amar mein inhon nay pakolo tetro dee melano mein "arlichino cervent aaf tuu masters" mein ferocio solari kuu dekhnay kay baad adakaar bannay kaa faislah kiyaa. 1967 mein inhon nay aich bee studio mein herbert bargof aur neoyork mein american center faar stanslowsky theater aart mein soniya morr kay saath kaam karnaa sharoo kiyaa. 1970 mein waleem baal nay rudrag kuu saan francesco mein american conservatory theater (aikat) mein advanced training prograam mein taleem haasil karnay kay liye makmal scholarship say nawaza. rudrag kii aikat kii tarbiyat kay doraan iss nay alegzender taknik driyafat kii. iss kay baad wah american center faar dee alegzender technic saan francesco mein tarbiyat kay liye mazeed teen saal rahay. post rasmi tarbiyat mein rudrag nay alegzender taknik kay asatazah marjori barsto walter carrington patrick mcdonald aur dlees carrington kay saath taleem haasil kii. rudrag jaisika walaf kay saans leenay kay funn kay eek tasdiq shadah astaad bhee haine. tadrisi carrier. 1980 mein rudrag nay alegzender teek works kii bunyaad rakhee. company laas angeles neoyork aur deegar shehron mein najee hidayaat tarbiyat coaching grop classein aur workshops farahim karti hay. wah aur christof konrad mill kirr karobar kay maalik haine aur chalatay haine. 1998 say 2005 takk rudrag verbier festival kii faculty kaa hasah thaa. rudrag leeri mous studio mein workshops padhata hay. inhon nay laas angeles aur australia mein howard fayen acting studios mein maaster classes padhayi haine. inhon nay laas angeles filharmonk mein alegzender technic prograam kii bunyaad rakhee jehaan inhon nay chh saal takk padhaya. inhon nay laas vigas kay ayem jee ayem grend mein cirk duu soulz kaa kay circus funkaron kay saath kaam kiyaa hay. mubinah toor parr asay aif bee aayee nay mashriq wastee kay dehshat gird khaliyon mein darandazi karnay waalay agenton kay liye tanao kaa intezam aur saans parr qaabu paanaa sikhanay kay liye rakhaa thaa. film aur teeli vision. rudrag nay adakaron kuu filmon mein tarbiyat dee hay jinn mein shaamil haine: aayee tonia "waais"yee "meeri koyeen aaf scots"yee low aind curse (film)yee jay. edger "dabliyo."pation fash"yee tyme masheen see bisket (film)yee aur naarmil haart (film). inhon nay film life aaf payee kay liye tiger movment kii tarqi mein hidayat kaar aing lee aur screen ryter dude meegi kay saath taawan kiyaa. rudrag nay film kay liye paread movment coregraph kiyaa haar kaa muamilah. 2009 say rudrag nay baralneel telent camps prograam mein kayee workshops kaa anaqad kiyaa hay. wah ubharte hoay adakaron kay liye eek nayey emli tarbiti programon kii tarqi mein shaamil thay telent adakaron kay stage jiss kay liye salanah 15-20 beenn alaqwami adakaron kaa intekhaab kiyaa jaataa hay. theater. rudrag nay apnay puray carrier mein laas angeles kay kayee maqamat parr coaching kii hay. jeefen play house mein rudrag 2005 mein "noow hasoon kii khwahish" parr tehreek kay coach thay aur 2017 mein "raat mein dunn kay taweel safar" parr. inhein montalov arts center kii taraf say naawal kii dramah mawafiqat tayaar karnay aur hidayat karnay kay liye felowship grant say nawaza gayaa. "inhon nay maark tapper forum mein" "leftinent aaf inshamur" "mein curse paain kii tarbiyat kii. inhon nay golo montero kay saath getty walaa mein "dee baachi" parr bhee kaam kiyaa. rudrag nay ddezi waait kay "shogar"yee neoyork kay play house 91 mein "saranga tree" aur 37 arts theater aine mein bow aisan kay "runt aaf dee latter" parr leeri mous kay saath taawan kiyaa hay.Y. inhon nay adeen mein tetro stable ddee anovizion aur atlee kay eel pakkolo tetro ddee melano mein saranga kay darkhat kii atalvi paidawar mein reeta maifi aur leeri mous kay saath tarbiyat dee hay. janwaron kaa mutalah. rudrag janwaron kay royay aur harkat kuu apnee tehqeeq aur kaam mein zam kartaa hay. wah janwaron kii nql woo harkat kay mutalay kay zariye adakaron kuu kirdaron kii nashonuma mein madad karnay kay liye jaanay jaatay haine. inn kii tehqeeq kay bunyadi shobay janwaron kii harkat tarz amal morphology fitrat kaa adraak aur insani/janwaron kay rawabit haine. yaha dilchaspi leonardo daa wanchi aur carlo mezon-clematy nay paida kii thee. 1957 mein melano mein rehtay huay rudrag kay waalid nay inhein devenchi kay sciency aur fankarana kaam say mutaarif karaya. wah aksar national museum aaf science aind technology jaatay thay taakah devenchi kii aijadat kay namunay deekh sakein. wah venerinda babliotika ambrosiyana kaa bhee dorah karein gay juu ddaa wanchi kii janwaron kii drying kaa sabb say badaa archive hay. baad mein apnee zindagi mein saan francesco mein american conservatory theater mein taleem haasil kartay huay jaine lois nay mezon clematy kay saath mutalah kiyaa jiss nay inhein janwaron kay royay kay itlaaq aur kirdaar kii nashonuma mein tehreek say mutaarif karaya. ewards aur pehchaan kaa intekhaab karein. ruderg kuu 2008 mein montalov arts center kii taraf say felowship grant say nawaza gayaa taakah brunhard shalank kay naawal "dee reader" kii dramah mawafiqat tayaar aur hidayat kii jaa sakay."

00016af19cf25f1b7e78ac4650fa695a7465cc91e4ec4e75257a510165d89b31

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56122932

Motor, Kansas

Motor, Kansas Motor is a ghost town in Paradise Township, Rooks County, Kansas, United States. History. Motor was located three-quarters of a mile to the east of Codell. The town had two stores, a hotel and restaurant, a blacksmith shop, a wind driven grist mill and a saw mill. The Floreyville post office was moved to Motor and a school was established in 1879. The first school building was constructed of sod. A frame schoolhouse was built in 1886 and served the community until 1894. In 1879, Motor failed to negotiate an agreement to establish a depot with Union Pacific Railroad. Union Pacific instead founded the community of Codell as a railroad town. Most of the frame buildings in Motor were moved to the growing community of Codell. In 1889, the Motor post office was moved to Codell then Motor was soon abandoned. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

motor, kanchas motor hoise aamerika juktorastror kanchasor rukoch countyr paradise townswipor etaa bhut sohor. itihax. motor codelor pube ek mailor tini-soturthangxo durotwot owosthito aasil. sohorkhonot dutaa dukan aasil, etaa hotel aaru resturent, etaa louhokarir dukan, etaa botah salit gristo mill aaru etaa korat koll. fluoreville dakghortu motoroloi sthanantorito koraa hoisil aaru 1879 sonot ekhon bidyaloy sthapon koraa hoisil. prothom bidyaloy bhowontu cho 'dore nirman koraa hoisil. 1886 sonot ekhon frame schoolhouse nirman koraa hoisil aaru ee 1894 sonoloike xomprodayor xewa aagborhaisil. 1879 sonot, motore union pesiphik railpothor xoite etaa dipu sthaponor baabe ek suktir bixoye alusona korat byortho hoisil. union pesiphikor poriworte codelor xomprodayok railpoth sohor hisape protistha korisil. motoror besibhag frame bhowon codelor bordhito xomprodayoloi sthanantorito koraa hoisil. 1889 sonot motor dakghortu kudeloloi sthanantorito koraa hoisil aaru taar pisot motor oti xunkalei porityag koraa hoisil.

motor, cansus motor markin juktorashtrer kansaser rooks kauntir paradise townshiper ekti bhuto shohor. itihas. motorti codeler purbo dike eka mailer tinn-choturthangsho doore abosthito chhilo. shohore duti dokan chhilo, ekti hotel oo restoran, ekti lohar dokan, ekti batase chaalito grist mill ebong ekti korat qala. floreville dakgharti motor-ayee sthanantorito koraa hoy ebong 1879 saale ekti vidyalaya protisthito hoy. prothom vidyalaya bhabanti soaded diye nirmito hoyechilo. 1886 saale ekti frame schoolhouse nirmito hoy ebong 1894 saal porjonto eyi sampradayer jonno kaaj korey. 1879 saale, motor union pacific railpother saathe ekti depo protisthar jonno ekti chukti korte byartho hoy. union pacific poriborte ekti railpoth shohor hisabe codel sampradai protistha korey. motorer beshirbhag frame bilding codeler kromobordhoman sampradayer kachhe sthanantorito hoyechilo. 1889 saale motor dakgharti codel-ayee sthanantorito hoy ebong tarpor motor shighroi porityokto hoy.

motara, cansas motara aee united statesnaa kensasma aavela roqsa kaauntinaa paradise townshipma aavelu aek bhuteeya nagar chhe. itihas. motara kodelnee purvamaa aek milenaa trana chaturthansh bhagma stheet hatee. aaa shaherma beey dukaano hatee, aek hottle aneey restaurant, aek luhaarnee dukan, pawan sanchaalit grist mill aneey aek lakadani mill. floriville poosta officene motorma khasedvama aavee hatee aneey 1879maan aek shaalaani sthaapnaa karvaamaa aavee hatee. pratham shaalaanu makaan sodthee banavvama aavyu hatoo. aek frame schoolhouse 1886maan bandhvama aavyu hatoo aneey teey 1894 sudhee samudaayni sevaa karatu hatoo. 1879maan, motara union paciphic railroad saathe depo sthaapit karvaa maate samajooti parr vataghato karvaamaa nishfal rahee. tenaa badale union pacifixe railroad nagar tareeke kodelnaa samudaayni sthaapnaa curry. motorma motabhagni frame imaaratone kodelnaa vadhata samudayma khasedvama aavee hatee. 1889maan motara poosta officene kodelmaa khasedvama aavee hatee aneey pachhi toonk samayma motorne tyajee devaamaa aavee hatee.

motor, kansas motor sanyukt raajya america key kansas mein sthit ack bhootiya shahar haye joe paradise township, rooks county mein sthit haye. itihas. motor codell key poorv mein ack meal key teen-chauthai hisse mein sthit thee. shahar mein dou dukaanen theen, ack hotal aur restaraan, ack lohar kii dukaan, ack havaa seey chalane vaali grist mill aur ack aaraa mill. floriville dakghar koo motor mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa aur 1879 mein ack school kii sthaapana kii gaee. pahali school imarat kaa nirmaan sodd seey kiya gayaa thaa. 1886 mein ack frame school house banaaya gayaa thaa aur isane 1894 taka samudaay kii seva kii. 1879 mein, motor sangh prashant rail maarg key saath ack dipo sthaapit karane key liye ack samjhaute parr baatchit karane mein whiffle rahee. isake bajaay union paisifik ney ack rail shahar key roop mein codell key samudaay kii sthaapana kii. motor mein adhikansh frame imaraton koo codell key badhate samudaay mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 1889 mein, motor dakghar koo codell mein sthanantarit curr diyaa gayaa thaa, phir motor koo jald hii chhod diyaa gayaa thaa.

motor, consas motaru united statesna consasna roakes kountiya paradise tounshipnalliruva ondu preta pattanavagide. itihaasa. motaru kodelna purvakke mukkaalu maili dooradallide. pattanadalli eradu angadigaliddavu, ondu hotel mattu restaurant, ondu kammarana angadi, gaali chaalita grist girani mattu ondu garagasa girani. floreville anche kacheriyannu motaru yantrakke sthalaantarisalaayitu mattu 1879ralli ondu shaaleyannu sthaapisalaayitu. modala shaala kattadavannu sodninda nirmisalaayitu. 1886ralli ondu chaukattina shaala maneyannu nirmisalaayitu mattu idu 1894ravarege samudaayakke seve sallisitu. 1879ralli, union peciphic railrodnondige depowannu sthaapisuva oppandavannu matukate nadesalu motor viphalavaayitu. union peciphic badalige codell samudaayavannu railroad pattanavagi sthaapisitu. motornallina hecchina chaukattina kattadagalannu kodalna beleyuttiruva samudaayakke sthalaantarisalaayitu. 1889ralli, motaru anche kacheriyannu kodelge sthalaantarisalaayitu, nantara motaru shighradalle kaibidalaayitu.

motor, cansas motor heey americetil cansas yetheel rocks county yetheel paradise tounshipmadhil eka bhoot shahar aahe. itihas. motor kodelchya purvela eka mailachya teen chaturthansh antaravar hotee. shaharat done dukane hotee, eka hottel aanee upahargruh, eka lohar dukan, eka vavyavaril grist girani aanee eka aaraa girani. florivil poost auphis motormadhye halavanyat aale aanee 1879 madhye eka shaala sthapan karnyat aalee. shalechi pahili imarat sodpasoon bandhanyat aalee. 1886 madhye eka chaukatiche shaleche ghar bandhanyat aale aanee teey 1894 paryant samajachi seva karat hote. 1879 madhye, motor union paisiphik railways depo sthapan karnyasathichya kararavar vataghati karnyat ayashasvi tharali. tyaeivaji union paisifikne codell samudayachi railway shahar mhanoon sthapana kelee. motormadhil bahutek chaukatichya imarati kodelchya vadhatya samudayakade halavanyat aalya. 1889 madhye, motor poost auphis kodelmadhye halavanyat aale aanee nantar motor lavkarach sodoon denyat aalee.

motor, cansas motor sanyukta rajya americako kansasko rokes countyko paradise tounshipko euta bhut sahar how. itihas. motor kodelko purvama ek mileko tinn chauthai bhagma awasthit thiyo. saharma duiwata pasalharu thie, euta hotel rar resturant, euta lohar pasal, hawabata chalne grist mill rar euta arah mill. floreville post afislai motorma sario rar sann 1879 maa euta schol sthapana gariyo. pahilo schol bhawan sodbata nirman garieko thiyo. sann 1886 maa euta frame schoolhouse nirman garieko thiyo rar sann 1894 samma samudayalai sewa pradan pradan. sann 1879 maa, motor union pasific railroadsanga dipo sthapana garne samjhautama warta garna asafal bhayo. union pasificle yasako satta railroad saharko rupma kodelko samudaya sthapana garyo. motorma raheka adhikansh frame bhawanharu kodelko badhdo samudayama sario. sann 1889 maa motor post afislai kodelma sarieko thiyo tyasapachhi motor chaandai nai tyagieko thiyo.

motor, cansas motor heuchhi juktarastra americara kansasra rocks kauntira paradise tounshipra eka bhuta sahara. itihas. motor kodelara purba digare eka miler tini chaturthangshare abasthita thila . saharare duiti store thila, gotie hotel ebong resturant, gotie luha dokan, gotie pabana chalita grist mill ebong gotie karata mill. floreville dakagharaku motorku sthanantarita karajaithila ebong 1879 ray eka bidyalaja pratistha karajaithila. pratham bidyalaja kotha sodare nirmita hoithila . 1886 masihare eka frame schoolhouse nirmana karajaithila ebong ehaa 1894 masiha parjyanta ehi sampradayara seba karithila. 1879 masihare, motor union pasiphic relpath sahita eka depo pratistha kariba paain eka chuktinama alochana karibare biphal hoithila. ehaa paribarte union pasiphic eka rela sahara bhabare codel sampradai pratistha karithila . motorre thiba adhikansha frame attalika kodelara bardhita sampradajaku sthanantarita hoithila . 1889 masihare, motor dakagharaku kodelku sthanantarita karajaithila, taa 'parey motorku shighra parityaga karajaithila.

motor, kansas motor sanyukat raaj amrica dey kansas witch rooks kaoonti dey paradise township witch ikk bhoot shehar haii. itihaas. motor codell dey purab vall ikk meal dey tinn-chauthai hisse witch sathit see. shehar witch doou dukanan sunn, ikk hotel atey restaurant, ikk lohar dee dukan, ikk havaa naal challan vaali grist mill atey ikk aaraa mill. floriville dakghar noon motor witch tabdil qarr ditta giaa see atey ikk school 1879 witch sathapat keeta giaa see. pahili school dee imaarat soad dee banayi gaee see. ikk frame school haaoos 1886 witch banaiaa giaa see atey 1894 takk community dee seva keeti gaee see. sann 1879 witch motor union paisifik railmarg naal ikk dipu sathapat curran laee ikk samjhaute 'teey gallbat curran witch asfal rahee. iss dee bajaae union paisifik neey ikk railmarg shehar dey roop witch codell dey bhaichare dee sathapana keeti. motor witch ziaadaatar frame imaratan noon codell dey vadh rahey bhaichare witch tabdil qarr ditta giaa see. sann 1889 witch motor dakghar noon codell witch tabdil qarr ditta giaa see atey firr motor noon jaldi hii chhadd ditta giaa see.

motor, cansas motaaru-nagaram samyuktarajyamerikadesha cansas-nagarasya rokes-kaunti-nagarasya paradais-nagar-nagare sthitam bhutanagaram asti. itihaasah. codell-nagarasya poorvadishi mail-parimitasya chaturthaamshatrayam yaavat motaaru-yaanam aasit. asmin nagare dwau bhandaarah aasan, ekaha hotel, bhojanalaya, ekaha kammaar-bhandaarah, ekaha vaayuvaahitah grist-girani, ekaha arr-girani cha. floreville-daakagharam motaaru-samsthaam prati sthanantaritam, tathaa cha 1879 tame varshe vidyaalayasya sthapana abhavat. prathamam vidyaalaya-bhavanam soad-nirmitam aasit. 1886 tame varshe frame-vidyaalaya-gruham nirmitam, tathaa cha 1894 tamavarshaparyantam samudaayasy sevaa krutaa. 1879 tame varshe, motor-yaanam union-peciphic-rail-margena saha depo-sthapanartham sandhim kartum asaphalam abhavat. union-peciphic ityasya sthaane codell-samudayah rail-nagararupena sthaapitah. motaaru-kshetre adhikaamshaani frame-bhavanaani codell-ityasya vardhamaan-samudaim prati sthaanaantaritaah. 1889 tame varshe, motaaru-daak-karyalayaha codell-samsthaam prati sthanantaritaha, tatah sheeghramev motaaru-yantram parityaktam.

motor, kansas motor enbathu americavin consosil ulla rokes kavundiyil ulla sorkkam nagaraththil ulla oru paei nagaram aagum. varalaaru. motor koadelukku kizhakkae mukkalvasi mile tholaivil amainthullathu. inththa nagaraththil irandu kadaigal irunththana, oru hootal mattrum unavagam, oru karuppar kadai, oru kaatraal iyangkum christ aalai mattrum oru maravalli aalai. ploarivil tabal aluvalagam motor nilaiyaththirku maattrappattu, 1879 aam aandil oru palli niruvappattathu. muthal palli kattidam soad moolam kattappattathu. 1886 aam aandil oru sattaka palli illam kattappattathu mattrum 1894 varai samoogaththirku saevai seithathu. 1879 aam aandil, union pasipik irayil paathaiyudan oru kidangai niruvuvatharkaana oppanthaththai motor pechchuvaarththai nadaththath thavarivittathu. union pasipik adharku pathilaaka oru irayil paathai nagaramaaga codell samoogaththai niruviyathu. motor kattamaippil ulla perumpaalaana sattaka kattidangal valarnthu varum kuriyeettu samoogaththirku maattrappattana. 1889 aam aandil, motor tabal aluvalagam koadellukku maattrappattathu, pinnar motor viraivil kaividappattathu.

motor, consas motor anedi united states looni consas looni rooks kounteelooni paradise township looni oka deyyam pattanam. charitra. motaru kodelku thoorpuna oka mailu dhooramlo moodonthula dhooramlo undhi. eee pattanamlo rendu dukaanaalu, oka hotel mariyu restaurant, oka kammari dukaanam, gaalitho nadiche grist millu mariyu oka rampapu millu unnaayi. floreville tapala karyalayanni motaru kaaryaalayaaniki marcharu mariyu 1879loe oka paatasaalanu sthaapinchaaru. modati paatasaala bhavanam soad thoo nirminchabadindi. 1886loe oka frame paatasaala bhavanam nirminchabadindi mariyu idhi 1894 varaku samaajaaniki sevalu andinchindi. 1879loe, union pasiphik railrodto deponu sthaapinchadaaniki oppandam kudurchukovadamlo motor viphalamaindi. union pasiphik badulugaa codel communityni railroad pattanamgaa sthaapinchindi. motaru looni chaalaa frame bhavanalu perugutunna codel communityki marchabaddayi. 1889loe, motaru tapala karyalayanni kodelku marcharu, taruvaata motaru ventane vadiliveyabadindi.

motor kansaas motor paradise town ship rooks county kansas riyasathaye muthadah kaa eek bhoot shehar hay. tareekh. motor codal kay mashriq mein eek meel kay teen chothayi hasay mein waaqa thee. iss qasbey mein duu dukanein thein eek hotal aur restauran eek lohay kii dakaan hawaa say chalnay waali grist mill aur eek aar mill. flori will post aafs kuu motor mein muntaqil kirr diyaa gayaa aur 1879 mein eek school qayem kiyaa gayaa. school kii pehli emarat soad say tameer kii gayee thee. eek freem school house 1886 mein banaya gayaa thaa aur iss nay 1894 takk community kii khadmat kii. 1879 mein motor union paisifik railway kay saath dapo qayem karnay kay muahide parr baath cheet karnay mein nakaam rahee. union paisifik nay iss kay bajaye railway town kay toor parr codal kii community kii bunyaad rakhee. motor mein ziyadah tarr freem kii emaraton kuu codal kii badhti hoyee community mein muntaqil kirr diyaa gayaa thaa. 1889 mein motor post aafs kuu codal mein muntaqil kirr diyaa gayaa aur phir motor kuu jald hyee turk kirr diyaa gayaa.

00016d66538e69948ee255f980dab15d72997d3bbe6cdd3d29cb2d00dfd77b5d

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52451534

Hermine Naghdalyan

Hermine Naghdalyan Armenian politician Hermine Naghdalyan ( 28 July 1960) is an Armenian economist and politician who is deputy speaker of the National Assembly. Early life and education. Naghdalyan was born on 28 July 1960 in Yerevan. She has a PhD in economics from the Yerevan Institute of National Economy. Naghdalyan was elected to the National Assembly to represent district 49 for the Republican party in 1995. She is a member of the Standing Committee on State and Legal Affairs and the Standing Committee on Economic Affairs. On 31 May 2012 she was elected Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly. In 2014, she became temporary de facto President of Armenia for three days while President Serzh Sargsyan and Speaker Hovik Abrahamyan were out of the country. Naghdalyan was head of the Armenia–US parliamentary friendship group. In 2015, Ambassador Richard M. Mills, Jr. called for her to step down due to her membership of the Russian 'Griboyedov' Club and she submitted her resignation. Naghdalyan is the head of the Armenian delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) On 25 February 2011 she was elected chair of the PACE committee on Economic Affairs and Development and in January 2016 she became a Vice President of PACE, presiding over the fall session. Naghdalyan is head of the Republican Party Women's Council, which is an elected observer member of the European People's Party. Personal life. Naghdalyan is married to Davit Beglaryan and they have five children. In 2016, their company Sisian BUAT received a government contract for road construction works worth over 636 million drams ($1.3 million). References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

hermine noghodalian hermine noghodalian (28 july 1960) egoraki armenian orthonitibid aaru rajneetibid ji rastriyo bidhanxobhar upo-odhyokhyo. prarombhik jiwan aaru xikhya. 1960 sonor 28 julyte yerebhanot noghodolyanor jonmo hoisil. teu yerevan institut owo nesnel iknomir poraa orthonitir paisdi korise. 1995 sonot republican dolor baabe 49 nong jilak protinidhitwo koriboloi nogodalian rastriyo bidhanxobhaloi nirbasito hoisil. teu rajyo aaru aainee porikromar sthayi xomiti aaru orthonoitik porikromar sthayi xomitir xodosyo. 2012 sonor 31 mey 'too teu rastriyo bidhanxobhar upo-odhyokhyo nirbasito hoisil. 2014 sonot teu tini dinor baabe aarmeniyar osthayi prokrito rastropoti hoisil, aanhate rastropoti cherge sargochiyan aaru odhyokhyo hubhik abrahamian dexor bahirot aasil. nogodalian armenia-aamerikar xongxodiyo bondhutwo gutor murobbi aasil. 2015 sonot, embesadar rechard em. mils, je. aar. rasian 'griboyedov' clubber xodosyopodor baabe teuk podotyag koriboloi aahban jonaisil aaru teu podotyag potro daakhil korisil. 2011 sonor 25 februaryt nogodalian euroop porixodor xongxodiyo xobhat (pex) thoka armenian protinidhi dolor murobbi aasil aaru teu orthonoitik porikroma aaru unnoyonor goti xomitir odhyokhyo nirbasito hoisil aaru 2016 sonor januaryt teu potonor odhibexonor xobhapotitwo kori pexor upo-xobhapoti hoisil. nogodalian hoise republican partyr mohila porixodor murobbi, ji europiyo pipols partyr nirbasito porzobekhyok xodosyo. byoktigoto jiwan. noghodolyane david begoloriyanor xoite bibahpaxot aabodho hoise aaru teulukor pasta xontan aase. 2016 sonot teulukor company chisian bute 63.6 nijut drum (13 laakh dollar) tokoiu odhik mulyor poth nirmanor kaamor baabe sorkari sukti laabh korisil.

hermine nagdayalian hermine nagdalian (28 julai 1960) ekjon armenian orthonitibid ebong rajnitibid jini jatiya porishder deputi speaker. prathomik jeebon oo shikkha. nagdayalian 1960 saaler 28shhey julai ierevane jonmogrohon corren. tini ierevan institute off national economy theke orthonitite paechd korechen. 1995 saale republican partyr hoye 49 nong jelara protinidhitto korar jonno nagdalian jatiya porishode nirbachito hohn. tini rajyo oo aini vishayak sthayi komitir sadasya ebong orthonoitik vishayak sthayi komitir sadasya. 2012 saaler 31 meey tini jatiya porishder deputi speaker nirbachito hohn. 2014 saale, tini tinn diner jonno armenier asthayi dii facto rashtrapati hohn, jokhon rashtrapati serge sargasian ebong speaker hovic abrahamian desher baire chhilen. nagdalian armenia-markin sangsadiya bondhutto gosthir prodhan chhilen. 2015 saale, rashtroduto richarda emm. mills, junior. russian 'grivoyedov' cluber sadasyatar karone tini podotyag korar ahoban zanan ebong tini podotyagpotro jomaa deena. 2011 saaler 25shhey february europe counciler (pesha) sangsadiya porishode armenian protinidhidoler prodhan nagdalian orthonoitik vishay oo unnayan vishayak pesha komitir sabhapati nirbachito hohn ebong 2016 saaler januaryte tini potoner odhibeshoner sovapotitto korey pesha-err soho-sabhapati hohn. nagdalian republican partyr mohila counciler prodhan, jaa europea pipples partyr ekjon nirbachito porjobekkhok sadasya. byaktigato jeebon. naghadalyan david beglarianke biye korechen ebong taader panchti santan royeche. 2016 saale, taader company sisian buat 63.6 kotee drum (13 lokkho markin dollar)-err beshi mulyer sadak nirman kaajer jonno ekti sarkari chukti paay.

hermine naghadalyaan hermine naghdalyan (28 julai 1960) aek armeniyan arthshashtri aneey rajkarani chhe, jeo raashtriy vidhansabhana upadhyaksh chhe. praarambhik jeevan aneey shikshan. naghadalyanno janm 28 julai julai roj yerevanmaa thayo hato. temane yerevan institute off national economymathi arthshashtrama phd curry chhe. naghadalyan naghadalyan ripablikana party maate jilla jilla pratinidhitva karvaa maate raashtriy vidhansabhama chuntaya hataa. teo raajy aneey kaanuni baabtoni sthaayi sameeti aneey aarthik baabtoni sthaayi sameetina sabhy chhe. 31 meey meey roj teo raashtriy vidhansabhana upadhyaksh tareeke chuntaya hataa. hataa, teo trana divas maate armeniyana kaamchalaau vaastavik pramukh banyaa hataa, jyaare pramukh serz sargasyaan aneey speaker hovic abrahamian deshnee bahaar hataa. naghadalyaan armeniya-us sansadeey mitrataa juthanaa vadaa hataa. hataa, rajdoot ritchard aema. mills, juniyar. russian 'griboyedov' klabnaa sabhyapadne kaarane teneeae raajinaamu aapvaa maate haakal curry aneey teneeae potaanu raajinaamu suparat karyoo. 25 februari februari roj europe (pays) parishadni sansadeey sabhaama armeniyan pratinidhimandalna vadaa naghdalyan aarthik baabto aneey vikaas parnee pays sameetina adhyaksh tareeke chuntaya hataa aneey january chhe teo patan satrani adhyakshta kartaa pesnaa upadhyaksh banyaa hataa. naghadalyaan ripablikana party womens councilnaa vadaa chhe, jeey european pipples partyna chuntayela nirikshak sabhy chhe. angat jeevan. naghadalyaane david beglerian saathe lagna karyaa chhe aneey temne paanch baadako chhe. chhe, temnee kampani sisiyan butne 63.6 carode drama (13 laakh dollar) thee vadhunaa maarg nirmaan kaaryo maate sarkari karaar malyo hato.

hermine nagdalyan harmeen nagadalyan (28 julaai 1960) ack armenian arthashastri aur rajneta hain joe rashtriya vidhansabha kii upaadhyaksh hain. praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha. nagadalyan kaa janm 28 julaai 1960 koo yerevan mein huaa thaa. unhone yerevan rashtriya arthavyavastha sansthaan seey arthshastra mein phd kii haye. nagadalyan koo 1995 mein republican party key liye jilaa 49 kaa pratinidhitva karane key liye rashtriya vidhansabha key liye chunaa gayaa thaa. vaha raajya aur kanuni mamalon parr sthaayi samiti aur aarthik mamalon parr sthaayi samiti kii sadasya hain. 31 maee 2012 koo vaha rashtriya vidhansabha kii upaadhyaksh chuni gaeen. 2014 mein, vaha teen dinon key liye armenia kii asthaayi vaastavik rashtrapati baneen, jabaki rashtrapati serge sargasyan aur speaker hovic abrahamian desh seey baahar they. nagadalyan armenia-us sansadiya mitrata samooh key pramukh they. 2015 mein, rajdoot richard aim. mill, junier. russie 'griboyedov' club kii sadasyata key kaaran unhein pada chhodane key liye kahaa gayaa aur unhone apana istifa saunp diyaa. nagadalyan 25 farwari 2011 koo europe kii parishad (gati) kii sansadiya sabhaa mein armeniyai pratinidhimandal kii pramukh hain, unhein aarthik mamalon aur vikas parr gati samiti kaa adhyaksh chunaa gayaa thaa aur janwari 2016 mein vaha girawat satra kii adhyakshata karate hue gati kii upaadhyaksh baneen. nagadalyan republican party mahila parishad key pramukh hain, joe europeeya peepuls party key ack nirvaachit paryavekshak sadasya hain. vyaktigat jeevan. naghdalyan kii shaadi david beglaryan seey hui haye aur unake paanch bachche hain. 2016 mein, unaki company sisian boot koo 63.6 karod drams (13 laakh dollar) seey adhik key sadak nirmaan karyon key liye ack sarkari anubandh praapt huaa.

hermaine naghdalyan hermaine naghdalyan (28 julai 1960) obba armeniyan arthashaastragna mattu raajakaaraniyaagiddu, avaru rashtriya sabeya upa sabhapatiyagiddare. arambhika jeevana mattu sikshana. naghdalyan avaru 1960rahra julai 28randu yerevannalli janisidaru. avaru yerewan institute off national ekanami yinda arthashaastradalli phd maadiddaare. 1995ralli republican pakshakkagi 49neey jilleyannu pratinidhisalu naghdalyan rashtriya vidhaanasabhege aaykeyaadaru. avaru raajya mattu kaanoonu vevahaaragala sthaayi samiti mattu arthika vevahaaragala sthaayi samitiya sadasyaragiddare. 2012rahra mayee 31randu avaru rashtriya vidhanasabheya upa sabhapatiyagi aaykeyaadaru. 2014ralli, adhyaksha serge sargasyan mattu speaker hovic abrahamian avaru deshadinda horagiddaaga avaru mooru dinagala kaala armeniyaada taatkaalika vaastavika adhyaksharaadaru. naghdalyan avaru armeniya-yuu. ess. samsadeeya sneha gumpina mukhyastharagiddaru. 2015ralli, rayabhari richard emm. mills, zhe. rashyaada 'griboyedov' clubna sadasyatvadindaagi avaru rajiname niiduvante karey niididaru mattu avaru tamma raajinaameyannu sallisidaru. 2011rahra phebravari 25randu europe council (pays) naa samsadeeya sabhege agamisida armeniyan niyogada mukhyastharaagidda naghdalyan avaru arthika vyavahaaragalu mattu abhivruddhi kurita vegada samitiya adhyaksharaagi aaykeyaadaru mattu 2016rahra janavariyalli vegada upadhyaksharagi patanada adhiveshanada adhyakshateyannu vahisikondaru. naghdalyan avaru republican pakshada mahila mandaliya mukhyastharagiddare, idu european peeples party chunaayita vikshaka sadasyaragiddare. vaiyaktika jeevana. naghdalyan avaru david beglarian avarannu vivahavaagiddaare mattu avarige aidu makkaliddaare. 2016ralli, avara sisian boot kampaniyu 63.6 koti dram ($13 laksha) moulyada raste nirmaana karyagaligagi sarkari oppandavannu padeyitu.

hermin nagdalyan oru armeniyan saambathika shaasthranjayum raashtreeyakkaariyum deseeya asambliyude deputy speakerumaaya hermin nagdalyan (juulai 28,1960). aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum. 1960 juulai 28nuu yerevanilaan nagdalyan janichathu. yerevan instittyoott oof naashanal ekkanomiyil ninnu saambathikashaasthrathil phd nediyittundu. 1995ll republican partic vendi 49-aamm jilla prathinidheekarichu deseeya asambliyilekku thiranjedukkappetta nagdalyan samsthaana niyamakaarya staanding kammitti amgavum saambathikakaarya staanding kammitti amgavumaanu. 2012 meyy 31nuu avar deseeya asambliyude deputy speakeraayi thiranjedukkappettu. 2014ll president sersh sargsyan speaker hovic abrahamyanum raajyathin purathaayirunnappol avar moonnu divasathekku armeniyayude thaalkkaalika dii facto presidentaayi. armenia-us paarlamentari frontship grouppinte thalavanaayirunnu nagdalyan. 2015ll ambasseder richard emm. mills, juu. russian 'griboyedov' klabbile amgathvam kaaranam sthaanamozhiyaan avar aavasyappedukayum avar raaji samarppikkukayum cheythu. 2011 februvari 25 nuu europe kaunsilinte (pays) paarlamentari asambliyile armeniyan prathinidhi samghathinte thalavanaan nagdalyan, saambathika kaaryangalum vikasanavum sambandhicha pays kammittiyude chairmaanaayi thiranjedukkappedukayum 2016 januvariyil avar vais presidentaayi maarukayum cheythu. europian peeples party thiranjedukkappetta nireekshaka amgamaaya republican party womens kaunsilinte thalavanaan nagdalyan. vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam. nagdalyan david beglariane vivaham kazhichu, avarkk anchu kuttikalundu. 2016ll avarude kambaniyaaya sisiyan bootinu 63.6 dasalaksham dramukal (13 laksham dollar) vilamathikkunna rooad nirmmaana pravarthanangalkkaayi sarkkar karar labhichu.

hermine naghadalyan hermine naghadalyan (28 julai 1960) hii eka armeniyan arthshastradnya aanee rajkarani aahe jee rashtriy sabhechi upasabhapati aahe. prarambhik jeevan aanee shikshan. 28 julai 1960 roji yerevan yethe naghadalyancha janm jhaala. tine yerevan institute auph national economymadhun arthshastrat ph. dii. kelee aahe. 1995 madhye republican pakshache pratinidhitva karnyasathi 49 vya jilhyache pratinidhitva karnyasathi naghadalyan rashtriy vidhansabhevar nivadoon aalya. tyaa rajya aanee kayadeshir vyavharanvaril sthayi samitichya aanee aarthik vyavharanvaril sthayi samitichya sadasya aahet. 31 meey 2012 roji tyaa rashtriy sabhechya upasabhapati mhanoon nivadalya gelya. 2014 madhye, tyaa teen divasansathi armeniyachya tatpuratya vastavik adhyaksh jhalya, tarr adhyaksh serge sargasyan aanee adhyaksh hovic abrahamian deshabaher hote. naghadalyan heey armeniya-us sansadiy maitri gatache pramukh hote. 2015 madhye rajdoot richard emm. mills, junier. russian 'griboedov' clubchya sadasyatvamule tine rajinama denyachi magani kelee aanee tine aapala rajinama sadar keela. 25 februwari 2011 roji europe parishadechya (paces) sansadiy sabhemadhil armeniyan pratinidhi mandalachya pramukh asalelya naghadalyan yanchi aarthik vyavhar aanee vikasavaril vegwan samitichya adhyakshapadi nivad jhaali aanee janewari 2016 madhye tyaa vegwan up-adhyaksh banalya, jyache adhyakshapad sharad rututil adhiveshanala denyat aale. naghadalyan yaa european peaples partychya nivadoon aalelya nirikshak sadasya asalelya republican pakshachya mahila parishadechya pramukh aahet. vaiyaktik jeevan. naghadalyanache lagn david begalariyanshi jhaale aahe aanee tyanna paach mule aahet. 2016 madhye, tyanchya company sisiyan butala 63.6 kotee dram (13 laakh dollar) peksha jaast kimatichya raste bandhkam kamansathi sarkari kantrat midale.

hermin naghdalyan hermin naghadlyan (28 july 1960) ek armanian arthashastri rar rajnitigya hun jo rashtriya sabhako upadhyaksha hun. prarambhik jiwan rar shiksha. naghdalyanko janma 28 july 1960 maa yerevanma bhaeko thiyo. unle yerevan institute aff national ikonomibata arthashastrama piechdi gareki chhin. naghdalyan sann 1995 maa republican partyka lagi zilla 49 ko pratinidhitwa garna rashtriya sabhama nirvachit bhaeki thiin. uni rajya rar kanuni mamila sthayi samiti rar arthik mamila sthayi samitiko sadasya hun. 31 mey 2012 maa uni rashtriya sabhako upadhyaksha nirvachit bhain. sann 2014 maa, uni tean dinka lagi armaniaco asthayi wastawik rashtrapati banin jabki rashtrapati cerge sergsan rar speaker hobhik abrahamian desh bahira thie. naghdalyan armenia-yues sansadiya mitrata samuhaka pramukh thie. sann 2015 maa, rajdut richard emm. mills, junier. rusi 'griboedobh' clubko sadasyataka karan unlai padabata hutna awhan gariyo rar unle rajinama die. 25 february 2011 maa yuropko parishad (paces) ko sansadiya sabhama armanian pratinidhimandalko pramukh nagadalyan arthik mamila rar vikasasambandhi paces samitiko adhyaksha nirvachit bhain rar janawari 2016 maa uni pesaki upadhyaksha banin. naghdalyan republican party mahila parishadka pramukh hun, june europeli pipuls partyko nirvachit paryawekshak sadasya how. wyaktigat jiwan. naghdalyanko vivaha devid begalaryansanga bhaeko chha rar uniharuka paanch santan chhan. sann 2016 maa, tiniharuko company cician butle 63.6 karod dram (13 lakh dollar) bhanda badhiko sadak nirman karyaka lagi sarkari samjhauta prapta prapta.

hermine naghadalian hermine naghadalian (28 july 1960) jane armenia arthaneetigya ebong rajneta jie jatiah bidhanasabhara deputi spicker atanti. prarambhika zeeban ebong sikhya. nagadalian 1960 masiha july 28 tarikhare jerebhanre janmagrahana karithile. shay yerebhan institute off national economiru arthasastrare ph. dii karichanti. 1995 masihare republican party paain zillah 49ku pratinidhitwa kariba paain nagadalian jatiah bidhanasabhaku nirbachita hoithile. shay rajya ebong aaingata byapara upare sthajee kamitira sadasya ebong arthanaitika byapara upare sthajee kamitira sadasya atanti. 31 meey 2012 ray shay jatiah bidhanasabhara deputi bachaspati bhabare nirbachita hoithile. 2014 ray, shay tini deane paain armanier asthajee dii focto rastrapati hoithile jetebele rastrapati serge sargasian ebong bachaspati hobhik abrahaman desh bahare thile. nagadalian armenia-jayu. ess. sansadeeah bandhuta gosthira mukhya thile. 2015 ray, rastradoota richard emm. mills, juniara. rushiah 'griboedova' clubber sadasyata hetu tanku istafa debaku aahwana karithile ebong shay taanka istafa dakhal karithile. 25 februari 2011 ray europe (paces) parisadara sansadeeah parishadaku armenia pratinidhimandalara mukhya nagadalian arthanaitika byapara ebong bikash upare paces kamitira adhyakhya bhabare nirbachita hoithile ebong januari 2016 ray shay paces rahr upadhyakhya hoithile, patner adhibeshanara adhyakhyata karithile. nagadalian republican party mahila parisadara mukhya, jaahaa europeah pipuls partyra jane nirbachita parjyabekhyaka sadasya . byaktigata zeeban. naghadalian devida begalarianku bibaha karichanti ebong semanankara panchti santan achanti. 2016 masihare, semanankara company ccn boot 63.6 koti dram (13 lakhya dollar) ru adhika mulyara sadaka nirmana karjya paain eka sarkari chukti paithila.

hermine nagdalian hermine nagdalian (28 julai 1960) ikk armeniaai arthshastri atey siasatdan haii joe national assembly dee dipty speaker haii. mudhla jeevan atey sikkhiaa. nagdalyan daa janam 28 julai 1960 noon yerevan witch hoiaa see. uss neey yerevan institute aaf national ikaunami toon arth shastar witch ph. dee. keeti haii. nagdalyan noon 1995 witch republican party laee zilha 49 dee numaindagi curran laee rashtari assembly laee chunhiaa giaa see. uh raaj atey kanunni mamlian dee sathayi kameti atey aarthik mamlian dee sathayi kameti dee member haii. 31 maee 2012 noon uh national assembly dee dipty speaker chunhi gaee. 2014 witch, uh tinn dinan laee armenia dee asthai rashtarpati bnee jadon kii rashtarpati ceres sargasiaan atey speaker hovic abrahamian desh toon bahr sunn. nagdalian armenia-amrica sansadi dosti samooh dey mukhi sunn. 2015 witch, rajdoot richard aimm. mills, junier. uss neey russie 'griboedov' club dee membership dey caarn uss noon ahude toon hataun dee mung keeti atey uss neey aapna astifa saunp ditta. nagdalian 25 farvari 2011 noon yoorap consul (paces) dee sansadi assembly witch armeniaai vafad dee mukhi haii, uh aarthik mamlian atey vikas baare paces kameti dee pardhan chunhi gaee see atey janwari 2016 witch uh upp pardhan bann gaee see. nagdalian republican party mahila consul dee mukhi haii, joe european peeples party dee ikk chunhi hoee nirikhak member haii. nijji jeevan. nagdalyan daa viaah david beglaria naal hoiaa haii atey unhan dey panj bacche hunn. saal 2016 witch, uhanan dee company cician butt noon 63.6 croad draman (13 lakkh dallar) toon vaddh dey sadak nirman kaarjan laee ikk sarkari theka miliaa.

herman naghdalyan herman naghdalyan (28 julai 1960) ekaha armenian-arthashaastradnyah raajaneetidnyah cha asti yah rashtriyasabhayaha upadhyakshah asti. praarambhikajeevanam tathaa shiksha. naghdalyan ityasya janma 1960 julai 28 dinaanke yerevan-nagare abhavat. yerevan-institute aaf neshanl-ikonomi-samsthaayaah arthashaastrasya pi. ech. dii. padaveem saa praaptavatee. 1995 tame varshe republican-pakshasya krute 49 mandalasya pratinidhitvaartham naghdalyan-varyaha rashtriyasabhayai nirwaachitah aasit. saa rajya-vidhi-vyavahaaraanaam sthayee-samityaah, aarthik-vyavahaaraanaam sthayee-samityaah cha sadasyaa asti. 2012 mey 31 dinaanke saa rashtriyasabhayaha upadhyaksha nirvachita. 2014 tame varshe saa dinatrayam yaavat armenia-deshasya asthayee-vaastavika-rashtrapatihi abhavat, yadaa rashtrapatihi serj sargasyaan, vaktaa hovik abrahamyan cha deshaat bahihi aasan. naghdalyan ityeshah armenia-yoo. ess. samsadeeya-maitreesamoohasy pramukhah aasit. 2015 tame varshe, raajadootah richard emm. mills, jey. aar. russian 'griboyedov' club ityasya sadasyataayaah karanat padatyagam kartum aahvayata, saa cha tyaagapatram samarpayt. 2011 februvari 25 dinaanke europe-parishad (pess) ityasya samsadiyasabhaayaam armenian-pratinidhimandalasya pramukhah naghdalyan asti, saa aarthik-vyavahaar-vikasa-vishaye gati-samityaah adhyakshaa nirvachita, 2016 janavareemaase cha, patana-satrasya adhyakshaa bhutva, gati-upadhyaksha abhavat. naghdalyan republican-pakshasya mahilaa-parishadasya pramukhah asti, yaa europe-peepals-party ityasya nirwaachitah paryavekshakah sadasyah asti. vyaktigatajeevanam. naghdalyan ityeshah david beglarian ityanena saha vivaahitah asti, teshaam pancha putraah santi. 2016 tame varshe teshaam kampanee cician-boot 63.6 koti-dram-($13 laksh-$) taha adhikasya marganirmanakaryartham sarvakaareey-anubandham praapnot.

hermaine nakthalyaan hermaine nakthalyaan (juulai 28,1960) oru armeeniya porulaathaara nipunar mattrum arasiyalvaathi aavaar, avar thaesiya sattamandraththin thunai sabaanaayagaraaga ullaar. aarambagaala vaazhkkai mattrum kalvi. nakthalyaan 1960 juulai 28 andru yerewanil piranthaar. avar yerevan thaesiya porulaathaara niruvanaththil porulaathaaraththil munaivar pattam pettrullaar. 1995 aam aandil kudiyarasuk katchikkaaga 49 vadhu mavattaththai pirathinithiththuvappaduththa thaesiya sattamandraththirku nakthalyaan thernthedukkappattaar. avar maanila mattrum satta vivakaarangkalukkaana nilaikkulu mattrum porulaathaara vivakaarangkalukkaana nilaikkuzhuvil uruppinaraaga ullaar. 31 mae 2012 andru avar thaesiya sattamandraththin thunai sabaanaayagaraaga thernthedukkappattaar. 2014 aam aandil, avar moontru naatkalukku armeeniyaavin thartkaalika dii facto janaathipathiyaaga aanaar, athae neraththil janathipathi sersh sarksyan mattrum sabanayagar hovik aapirakaamiyan naattai vittu veliyaerinar. nakthalyaan armenia-america naadaalumandra natpuk kuzhuvin thalaivaraaga irunthaar. 2015 aam aandil, thoothar richard emm. mills, juuniyar. russia 'griboidov' kilappil avar uruppinaraaga irunthathaal avar padhavi vilaga vaendum endru alaippu viduththaar, maelum avar thanathu rajinamavai samarpiththaar. pipravari 25,2011 andru iropa council (bases) naadaalumandra sabaikku armeeniya thoothukkuzhuvin thalaivaraaga irukkum nakthalyaan, porulaathaara vivagaarangkal mattrum maempaattukkaana vaegak kuzhuvin thalaivaraaga thernthedukkappattaar, janavari 2016 ill avar vaekaththin thunaith thalaivaraaga aanaar, veelchchi koottaththirku thalaimai thaangkinaar. iroappiya makkal katchiyin thernthedukkappatta paarvaiyaalar uruppinaraana kudiyarasuk katchiyin magalir councilin thalaivaraaga nakthalyaan ullaar. thanipatta vaazhkkai. nakthalyan davit bechlarianai mananthaar, avarkalukku ainthu kuzhandhaigal ullanar. 2016 aam aandil, avarkalin niruvanamaana sisiyan budd 636 million traum ($13 million) mathippulla saalai kattumaanap panigalukkaana arasaangka oppanthaththaip pettrathu.

hermaine nagdalyan hermaine nagdalyan (juulai 28,1960) oka armenian aardhikavetta mariyu raajakeeyavetta, ayana jaateeya assembly deputy speaker. prarambha jeevitam mariyu vidya. naghdalyan 1960 juulai 28naa yerevanlo janminchaaru. aame yerevan institute off national ekaanami nundi economicslo peehechdi chesaaru. 1995loe republican party tarapuna 49va jillaaku praatinidhyam vahinchadaaniki jaateeya assembleaki nagdalyan ennikayyaaru. aame rashtra mariyu nyaya vyavaharalapai standing kamiteelo mariyu aardhika vyavaharalapai standing kamiteelo sabhyuralu. 2012 mae 31naa aame jaateeya assembly deputy speakerga ennikayyaaru. 2014loe, aame moodu rojula paatu armeniyaaku taatkaalika vaastava adhyakshuraalaindi, adhyakshudu serge sargasyan mariyu speaker hovic abrahamian desham velupala unnaaru. nagdalyan armenia-us parliamentary friendship groupuku adhipatigaa unnaaru. 2015loe, rayabari richard emm. mills, juuniyar. russian 'griboyedov' clublo sabhyatvam kaaranamgaa aame padavee viramana cheyaalani pilupunicchi, aame thana raajeenaamaanu samarpinchindi. 25 fibravari 2011naa council off eurup (pays) parliamentary assembleaki armenian pratinidhi brundaaniki nagdalyan adhipatigaa unnaaru, aame aardhika vyavaharalu mariyu abhivruddhipai pays kamiteeki adhyakshuraligaa ennikayyaaru mariyu janavari 2016loe aame vais president ayyaru. european peeples paarteelo ennikaina pariseelakudu ayina republican party umens councillo nagdalyan adhipati. vyaktigata jeevitam. naghdalyan david beglariannu vivaham chesukunnadu mariyu vaariki aiduguru pillalu unnaaru. 2016loe, vaari company sisian boot 63.6 kotla drams ($13 laksala) viluvaina rahadari nirmaana panula kosam prabhutva oppandaanni pondindi.

harmeen nagadliya harmeen nigdaliya (28 jolayi 1960) eek arminiyayi maahir muashiyat aur seyasat daan haine juu qomi assembly kii dipty specker haine. ibtadayi zindagi aur taleem. nigdaliyan 28 jolayi 1960 kuu yariwan mein paida hoay. inhon nay yariwan insity teut aaf national akanomi say muashiyat mein pee aich ddee kii hay. nigdaliya nee kuu 1995 mein republican paarti kay liye zalaa 49 kii numaindagi karnay kay liye qomi assembly kay liye muntakhib kiyaa gayaa thaa. wah riyasati aur qanuni amoor kii qaimah committy aur iqtesadi amoor kii qaimah committy kii rakan haine. 31 mayee 2012 kuu wah qomi assembly kii dipty specker muntakhib hoyein. 2014 mein wah teen dunn kay liye arminiyayi kii aarizi ddee facto sadr bunain jabb kahh sadr seerz srgsia aur specker hovik ibrahamiya milk say baahir thay. nigdaliya nee arminiyayi-yuu aiss parlimani friendship grop kay sarbarah thay. 2015 mein safeer richard ayem. milz juniyar. rosee 'garibuidoof' kalb kii rakniyat kii wajah say inn say istefi deenay kaa mutalibah kiyaa aur inhon nay apnaa istefi paish kiyaa. nigdaliya 25 faroori 2011 kuu konsal aaf europ (pais) kii parlimani assembly mein arminiyayi wafad kii sarbarah haine. wah iqtesadi amoor aur tarqi say mutaliq pais committy kii sarbarah muntakhib hoyein aur januri 2016 mein wah faal seeshan kii sadarat kartay hoay pais kii naib sadr bunain. nigdaliya nee republican paarti weemanz konsal kii sarbarah haine juu europi papples paarti kii eek muntakhib mubsir rakan hay. zaati zindagi. nigdaliya kii shaadi daaod beglarian say hoyee hay aur inn kay paanch bachay haine. 2016 mein inn kii company sisian boat kuu 636 millin draam (13 laakh ddaalar) say ziyadah kay sadak kii tameer kay kaamon kay liye sarkaari muahidah milaa.

00016e01a6241b9b83485fcf5709d977cba51130ee932247457cc2e82975adff

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=18772458

Malenia, Poland

Malenia, Poland Malenia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Buczek, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately east of Buczek, south-east of Łask, and south-west of the regional capital Łódź. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> <br>

malenia, polyando malenia hoise modhyo polyandor lask county, λοdz bhoyebhudswipor bhitorot thoka jimina bujekor proxaxonik jilaar ekhon gaau. ee bujekor pray pubo, laskor dokhyin-pubo aaru ancholik rajdhani lo 'djor dokhyin-poschim dixot owosthito. proxongo. <bro.>

malenia, polland malenia holl modhyo polyander lusk county, лодас оитесочесе отетессете отете отете оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оте оиоичесе оте оте оте оте оте оте оте о оте о оиоиотесесе оте о оте оте оте о оте о оте о оте о о о о о о о о о etty buzek-err pray purbo dike, lusk-err dakkhin-purbo dike ebong anchalik rajdhani loza-err dakkhin-poschime abosthito. reference. <bii. arr>

melania, polland melania aee madhya polendmaa, sloska kaauntii, voyododshipni andar, gimeena buzekna vahivati jeellama aavelu aek gaam chhe. teey lagbhag buzekni purvamaa, lasknee dakshin-purvamaa aneey praadeshik raajdhaani ladzni dakshin-pashchimma aavelu chhe. sandarbho. <bii. aar.>

malenia, polland malenia madhya polland mein, slask county, voivodopesh key bheetar, jimna bujek key prashaasnik jile mein ack gaanv haye. yeh bujek key lagbhag poorv mein, lask key dakshin-poorv mein aur kshetriya rajdhani ladz key dakshin-paschim mein sthit haye. sandarbh. <bee. aar.>

malenia, polend malenia embudu madhya polandna lask kountiyolage, λοδZ voivodeship, jimina bujek aadalitaatmaka jilleyalliruva ondu graamavaagide. idu sumaru bujekna purvakke, laskna agneyakke mattu praadeshika rajadhani lardna nairtyakke ide. ullekhagalu. <bii. aarr.>

malania, polland malenia heey madhya polandmadhil lask county, lauds viododshepmadhil jimina buzekchya prashasakeey jilhyatil eka gaav aahe. heey bukekchya andaje purvela, laskchya aagneyela aanee pradeshik rajdhani ladzchya nairutyela aahe. sandarbh. <bii. aar.>

malenia, polyand malenia madhya polandko lask county, λοdz bhayebhodeship bhitrako jimina bujekko prashasanik jillako euta gaaun how. yo bukekko lagbhag purva, laskako dakshin-purva rar khetriya rajdhani lodgeko dakshin-paschimma awasthit chha. sandarbhaharu. <bra>

malenia, poland malenia heuchhi kendriah polander lask county, λοdz bhajebhodeship madhyare thiba jimina bujek prashasanika jillara eka gramm . ehaa bujekra praiah purbare, lasker dakhina-purbare ebong anchalika rajdhani lojra dakhina-paschimare abasthita. sandarbha. <bii. aarr.>

malenia, poland malenia kendri poland witch lask kaoonti, λοdz voivodospish dey ander, jimina buzek dey parshaski zilhe daa ikk pind haii. ih buzek dey lagbhag purab witch, lask dey dakkhan-purab witch atey khetri rajdhani lauds dey dakkhan-pachham witch sathit haii. havale. <bee. aar.>

malenia, polyand malenia iti madhya-polyand-deshasya lask-prantasya, voyodod-day-s-ityasya, prashaasanik-mandale, ekaha graamah asti. ayam praayah bookjek-nagarasya poorvadishi, lask-nagarasya aagneyadishi, kshetriyarajadhanyaha sloadge-nagarasya nairutyadishi cha sthitah asti. sandarbhah. <bee. aar.>

malenia, poalanthu malenia enbathu matthiya poalanthil ulla sloss voivotsep, sloss kavundikkul ulla kimina busek nirvaaga maavattaththil ulla oru kiraamamaagum. idhu busekin kizhakkae, laskin thenkizhakkae mattrum piraanthiya thalaynagaraana loadsin thenmaerkae amainthullathu. kurippugal. <pr>

malenia, polland malenia anedi central polandloni lask county, voivodshiploni jimina bujek paripalana jillaalooni oka graamam. idhi sumaruga bujekku thoorpuna, laskuku aagneyamgaa mariyu praantiiya rajadhani ladjku nairuti disalo undhi. suuchanalu. <br>

malinia poland malinia wastee poland mein laasak county wodz viewadship kay andar gamina bakzeek kay intezami zalaa kaa eek gaaon hay. yaha bakeek kay taqriba mashriq mein laasak kay janub mashriq mein aur elaqayi darulhukumat laadz kay janub maghrab mein waaqa hay. hawalah jaat. <bee aar>

00016e665fdb20d96438dac033a21b3e1572c604b5ea33e721b9276c30f51229

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=65058762

Preeti N. Malani

Preeti N. Malani Preeti N. Malani is the Chief Health Officer in the Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Geriatric Medicine at the University of Michigan and an associate editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). Her research focus is on infectious disease control and prevention in older adults. Early life and education. Malani was born and raised in Michigan with her brother Anu Malani. After her ninth-grade Algebra teacher refused to let her double up on math, she chose a journalism course to fill her timetable. Malani became increasingly more interested in journalism throughout her four years of high school and became the editor of the high school paper. Following graduation, Malani enrolled at the University of Michigan where she designed an independent curriculum in medical journalism. She once again served as a writer for the school paper and applied to Medill School of Journalism since she hadn't fully completed the requirements for medical school. During the summer before she started journalism school, Malani earned an internship with the "Dayton Daily News" where she discovered she would rather pursue medicine than journalism. After completing her Master of Science in Journalism, Malani enrolled at Wayne State University School of Medicine for her Medical Degree and completed her Internal Medicine residency and Infectious Diseases fellowship at the University of Michigan. Career. After completing her residency and fellowship in Infectious Diseases at Michigan Medicine's department of internal medicine, she was appointed as a Lecturer. She was eventually promoted to associate professor of Medicine in the Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Geriatric Medicine in 2009 and appointed assistant deputy editor of the peer-reviewed medical journal "Clinical Infectious Diseases" in 2010. Following her appointment, Malani worked alongside Michael Heung, Jonathan Segal, and Therese Adamowski in the Divisions of Nephrology and Geriatric Medicine to co-author a study detailing the safety approach for preventing falls among hemodialysis patients. Their recommendations of installing lift devices and in-ground scales dropped falling by 70 percent and only three falls were reported in a 21-month follow-up period. By 2014, Malani was promoted from Clinical Associate Professor of Internal Medicine to Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine. A few years later, she was appointed the Chief Health Officer for the University of Michigan as a replacement for Robert Winfield. As chief health officer, she advises the university president on all matters of health and well-being. She also helped launch the National Poll on Healthy Aging based at University of Michigan's Institute for Health Policy and Innovation focusing on health-related issues facing older Americans. One of the polls collected data on prescription drug use for people between the ages of 50 and 80. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Malani co-published "COVID-19—New Insights on a Rapidly Changing Epidemic" and released guidelines for students returning to school. In February 2020, Malani co-authored an article for JAMA containing important updates on the clinical features of COVID-19 for medical professionals to use in their evaluations of patients. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

priti eno. malani priti eno. malani mixigan biswobidyaloyor xongkramok rug aaru geriatric medicine bibhagor mukhyo swasthyo bixoya aaru aamerikan medical ess "siyesyonor (jaama) journalor xohojugi xompadok. teur gowexonar kendrobindu hoise briddho praptoboyoskoxokolor xongkramok rug niyontron aaru protirudhor uporot. prarombhik jiwan aaru xikhya. malanir jonmo aaru dangor-dighol huwa mixiganot teur bhatri onu malanir xoite hoisil. teur nowom shrenir bijgonitor xikhyoke teuk gonitot dugun koriboloi oswikar korar pisot, teu xomoixusi puron koriboloi xangbadikotar pathyokrom basoni korisil. malani teur haiskulor chaari bosorot xangbadikotar proti kromanwoye odhik aagrohi hoi porisil aaru haiskulor baatori kakotkhonor xompadok hoisil. snatok degree laabh korar pisot malaniye mixigan biswobidyaloyot naambhorti kore zo 'too teu sikitsa xangbadikotar ek swotontro pathyokromor rupangkon kore. teu aakou ebaar schoolor kakotkhonor lekhok hisape kaam korisil aaru medil skool owo journalismoloi aabedon korisil kiyonu teu medical schoolor proyujoniyota xompurnorupe xompurno koraa nasil. xangbadikota bidyaloy aarombho korar purbe grishmokalot malaniye "dayton daily niuj" ror xoite internswip laabh korisil zo 'too teu abiskar korisil je teu xangbadikotatkoi sikitsa bigyanor uporot odhik gurutwo dibo. xangbadikotat bigyanot snatokuttor degree xompurno korar pisot malaniye sikitsa degreer baabe wein state university skool owo medixinot naambhorti kore aaru mixigan biswobidyaloyot abhyontorin sikitsa residency aaru xongkramok rugor feloswip xompurno kore. keriyar. mixigan medisinor abhyontorin sikitsa bibhagoto xongkramok rugot residency aaru feloswip xompurno korar pisot teuk probhaxok hisape nijukti diya hoisil. owoxexot 2009 sonot teuk xongkramok rug aaru geriatric medicine bibhagor sikitsa bigyanor xohojugi odhyapok hisape podunnoti diya hoy aaru 2010 sonot xomoniya-porzaluchona koraa sikitsa alusoni "clinical xongkramok rug" ror xohokari upo xompadok nijukto koraa hoy. teur nijuktir pisot, malaniye michael hyung, junathon segal, aaru theres edamovskyr xoite nephro "lojee aaru geriatric medicine bibhagor xoite kaam korisil jaate haemodialysis rugir maajot poraa rudh korar baabe xurokhya poddhotir bixod biboron diya ek odhyoyonor xoho-lekhok hoy. lift device aaru inn-ground scale sthaponor teulukor poramorxobur 70 xotangxo hraax paisil aaru 21 maahor folu-aap xomoisuwat maatro tinita poriwexor khobor puwa goisil. 2014 sonor bhitorot malanik abhyontorin sikitsa bigyanor clinical xohojugi odhyapokor poraa podunnoti diya hoisil. abhyontorin sikitsa bigyanor clinical odhyapok. keibosormanor pisot, teuk robert winfieldor xoloni mixigan biswobidyaloyor mukhyo swasthyo bixoya hisape nijukti diya hoisil. mukhyo swasthyo bixoya hisape teu biswobidyaloyor odhyokhyok swasthyo aaru kolyanor xokolu bixoyot poramorxo diye. teu mixigan biswobidyaloyor swasthyo niti aaru udbhawon protisthanot owosthito swasthyokor bardhokyor uporot rastriyo jonomot xomikhya aarombho korat xohay korisil, zo "too briddho aamerikanxokole xonmukhin huwa swasthyo xomporkiyo xomosyaburor uporot gurutwo aarup koraa hoisil. ek xomikhyai 50ror poraa 80 bosor boyoxor lukor baabe prescription dragsor byoboharor tothyo xongroho korisil. koo "vid-19 mohamarir xomoyot malaniye" koo "vid-19-drutogotit poribortito mohamarir uporot notun ontordristi" xoho-prokax korisil aaru bidyaloyoloi ubhoti ohaa xikhyarthixokolor baabe nirdexona prokax korisil. 2020 sonor februaryt malaniye jaamar baabe etaa probondhor xoho-lekhok hisape kaam korisil zo "too sikitsa pesadarixokole rugir mulyayonor baabe koo" vid-19 ror clinical boixistyoxomuhor uporot guruttopurno updatexomuh ontorbhukto koraa hoisil.

priti enn. malani priti enn. malani mishigan bishwobidyaloyer sangkramak roga oo geriatric medicine bibhager prodhan swastho kormokorta ebong american medicale associationer (jaama) journaler sahojogi sompadok. taar gobeshonar kendravindu holl boyosko praptoboyoskoder modhye sangkramak roga niyantran ebong protirodh. prathomik jeebon oo shikkha. malani taar bhai onu malanir saathe mishigane jonmogrohon corren ebong bede othen. nobom shrenir bijgoniter shikkhok taake gonite dwigun hotey ditey aswikar korar porey, tini taar samayasuchi puron korar jonno ekti sangbadikata course beche niyechilen. malani taanr chaar bochorer uchcho bidyalayer samaykale sangbadikatar proti kromobordhomanbhabe agrahi hoye othen ebong uchcho bidyalayer potrikar sompadok hohn. snatok howar porr, malani mishigan bishwobidyaloye bhorti hohn jekhane tini chikitsa sangbadikatar ekti swadhin patthyokromer naksha toiri corren. tini arow ekbar school peparer lekhok hisabe kaaj korechilen ebong medil school off journalisme abedon korechilen kaaron tini medicale skooler prayojaniyata sampurna korenni. sangbadikatar school shuru korar agey grisse, malani "dayton dailey newz"-ayee internship orjon corren jekhane tini abishkar corren jey tini sangbadikatar cheye chikitsashastro chaliye jete pochondo corren. sangbadikatai bigyan bishoye snatakottar shesh korar porr, malani taar chikitsa degreer jonno oyena steta university school off medicine bhorti hohn ebong mishigan bishwobidyaloye abhyantarin chikitsa residency ebong sangkramak roga fellowship somponno corren. pesha. mishigan mediciner abhyantarin chikitsa bibhage sangkramak rogey taar residency ebong fellowship somponno korar porey, tini ekjon probhashok hisabe nijukto hohn. abosheshe tini 2009 saale sangkramak roga ebong geriatric medicine bibhage mediciner sahojogi adhyapak hisabe padonnati paan ebong 2010 saale piar-review medicale journal "clinical sangkramak roga"-err sahokari upo sompadok nijukto hohn. taanr niyoger porey, malani michael hyung, jonathon segal ebong theres adamovskyr saathe nephrology ebong geriatric medicine bibhage kaaj korechilen jaate hemodialysis rogider modhye padaa protirodher jonno surakkha poddhotir bishad biboron soho-lekhok hotey paare. lift device ebong inn-ground scale install korar superisguli 70 shotangsho hrass peyeche ebong 21 maaser follo-up samaykale matro tinti potoner khobor pawa geche. 2014 saaler modhye malani abhyantarin oshudher clinical sahojogi adhyapak theke padonnati peyechilen abhyantarin oshudher clinical adhyapak. koyek bochor porr, tini robbert winfielder poriborte mishigan bishwobidyaloyer prodhan swastho adhikarik nijukto hohn. prodhan swastho adhikarik hisabe, tini swastho oo susthotar samasta bishoye bishwobidyaloyer sovapotike poramorsho deena. tini mishigan bishwobidyaloyer institute phara health policy anned innovation vittik swasthokor bardhokyer upor jatiya jorip chaalu korte sahayata korechilen jaa boyosko americander swastho somporkito samasyagulir upor drishti niboddho korey. ekti joripe 50 theke 80 bochor boyosider jonno presakripashana drugg byaboharer tothyo sangraha koraa hoyeche. covid-19 mahamari chalakalin, malani "covid-19-druto poribortito mahamari somporke notun antardrishti" soho-prakash korechilen ebong schoole firey assa shikkharthider jonno nirdeshika prakash korechilen. 2020 saaler februaryte, malani jamar jonno ekti nibondho soho-rachona korechilen jaate chikitsa peshadarra rogider mulyayane byabohar korar jonno covid-19-err clinical baisistagulir upor guruttopurno update royeche.

priti aena. malaani priti aena. malaani mishigan universityma chepee rogo aneey vruddh chikitsa vibhagma mukhya aarogya adheekari chhe aneey american medical association (jaama) naa journalna sahyogi sampaadak chhe. temnu sanshodhan vruddh vayaskomaa chepee rooga niyantran aneey nivaaran parr kendrit chhe. praarambhik jeevan aneey shikshan. malaanino janm aneey uchher tenaa bhaai anoo malaani saathe mishiganma thayo hato. navmaa dhoranaa bijganitnaa shikshake temne ganeetma bevadu bhanvaa devani naa paadee deedhaa pachhi, temane temnu samaypatrak bharvaa maate patrakaaratvano abhyaskram pasand karyo. malaanine temnaa chaar varshnaa haiskool darmiyan patrakaratvamaa vadhune vadhu rus padyo aneey teo highschoolna akhbaarnaa sampaadak banyaa. snaatak thayaa pachhi, malaaniae mishigan universityma pravesh melvyo jyaan temane tabibi patrakaratvamaa swatantra abhyaskram taiyar karyo. temane pharii aekvaar shaalaana papper maate lekhak tareeke sevaa aapee hatee aneey medical schoolni jaruriyaato sampoorn reete purn naa curry hovathi medil school off journalism arji curry hatee. patrakaratva shaala sharoo kartaa pahelaa unaalaa darmiyan, malaaniae "dayton dailey news" saathe internship melvee hatee, jyaan temne jaanvaa malyun hatoo keey teo patrakaratva karataa davaa levaanu pasand karashe. patrakaratvamaa master off science purn karyaa pachhi, malaaniae temnee tabibi degree maate veena state university school off medicinemaa pravesh melvyo aneey mishigan universityma temnee aantarik davaa nivas aneey chepee rogonee fellowship purn curry. karkirdi. mishigan medicine aantarik davaa vibhagma chepee rogomaa temnaa nivas aneey fellowship purn karyaa pachhi, temne lacturer tareeke niyukt karvaamaa aavyaa hataa. aakhare temne 2009maan chepee rogo aneey vruddhatvani davaona vibhagoma medicine sahyogi prophesara tareeke badhatee aapvama aavee hatee aneey 2010maan pier-review medical journal "clinical chepee rogo" naa sahayak nayab sampaadak tareeke nimanook karvaamaa aavee hatee. temnee nimanook pachhi, malaaniae michael hyung, jonathan segal aneey theres edamovsky saathe nephrology aneey vruddhatvani davaona vibhagoma kaama karyoo hatoo, jethee haemodialysisna dardiomaa padata atkavva maatena salaamati abhigamni vigatvaar abhyaas saha-lekhak bunny shake. lift upkarano aneey ina-ground scale sthaapit karvaanee temnee bhalamanoma 70 takaano ghataado thayo hato aneey 21 mahinaanaa follow-up samaygalama maatra trana dhodh nondhaya hataa. 2014 sudhimaa, malaanine aantarik chikitsana clinical sahyogi prophesara padethi badhatee aapvama aavee hatee. aantarik davaana clinical prophesara. thodaa varsho pachhi, temne roobert winfieldna sthaane mishigan university maate mukhya aarogya adheekari tareeke niyukt karvaamaa aavyaa hataa. mukhya aarogya adheekari tareeke, teo aarogya aneey sukhakarini tamaam baabto parr universityna pramukhne salah aape chhe. temane mishigan universityni aarogya neetee aneey naveenta sanstha khaate vruddh americno saame aarogya sambandhit muddaao parr dhyaan kendrit kareene tandurast vruddhatva parr raashtriy matdaan sharoo karvaamaa pann madad curry hatee. aek sarvekshanmaa 50 thee 80 varshnee vayanaa loko maate prescription drugno upyog karvaa ange maahitee aektrit karvaamaa aavee hatee. covid-19 mahamari darmiyan, malaaniae "covid-19-zadapthi badalaata rogchaalaa parr navee aantardrushti" saha-prakashit curry aneey shaalaama parat fartaa vidhyarthio maate margdarshika bahaar paadee. februari 2020maan, malaaniae jaama maate aek lekh sahalekheet karyo hato, jemaa tabibi vyaavsaayiko maate covid-19nee tabibi suveedhao parr mahatvapurn sudhaarao hataa, jeno upyog dardionaa mulyankanma thaay chhe.

preeti aine. malani preeti aine. malani mishigan vishvavidyalaya mein sankraamak rogon aur jarachikitsa chikitsa key prabhagon mein mukhya swaasthya adhikaari hain aur american medical association (jaama) kii patrika key sahayogi sampaadak hain. unakaa shodh vriddh vayaskon mein sankraamak roga niyantran aur roktham parr kendrit haye. praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha. malani kaa janm aur paalan-poshan mishigan mein unake bhaai anu malani key saath huaa thaa. jaba unaki nauvin kaksha kii beejganit shikshika ney unhein ganit mein dou baar padhane seey manaa curr diyaa, tou unhone apani samay sarini bharane key liye patrakaarita pathyakram chunaa. malani ney apane chaar saal key hyee school key dauran patrakaarita mein adhik ruchi lii aur hyee school key akhbar kii sampaadak bunn gaeen. snaatak honey key baad, malani ney mishigan vishvavidyalaya mein dakhila liya, jahan unhone chikitsa patrakaarita mein ack swatantra pathyakram taiyar kiya. unhone ack baar phir school key pepper key liye ack lekhak key roop mein kaary kiya aur medical school kii aavashyaktaon koo poori tarah seey puuraa naheen karane key kaaran medil school off journalism mein aavedan kiya. patrakaarita school shuru karane seey pahale garmiyon key dauran, malani ney "dayton delly news" key saath internship arjit kii, jahan unhein pataa chalaa kii vaha patrakaarita key bajaay chikitsa koo aage badhaana pasand karengi. patrakaarita mein vigyaan mein master puuraa karane key baad, malani ney apani chikitsa degree key liye wein state university school off medicine mein dakhila liya aur mishigan vishvavidyalaya mein apani aantarik chikitsa nivaas aur sankraamak roga fellowship poori kii. carrier. mishigan medicine key aantarik chikitsa vibhaag mein sankraamak rogon mein apane nivaas aur fellowship koo puuraa karane key baad, unhein ack vyakhyata key roop mein niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. unhein antatah 2009 mein sankraamak rogon aur jarachikitsa chikitsa key prabhagon mein chikitsa key sahayogi professor key roop mein padonnat kiya gayaa aur 2010 mein sahakarmi-sameeksha kii gaee chikitsa patrika "naidaanik sankraamak rogon" key sahayak upa sampaadak niyukt kiye gaye. unaki niyukti key baad, malani ney haemodialysis rogiyon key beach girane seey rokane key liye suraksha drishtikon kaa vivaran dene vaale ack adhyayan key saha-lekhak key roop mein nephrology aur jarachikitsa chikitsa key prabhagon mein michael hyung, jonathan segal aur theres edamowski key saath kaam kiya. lift upkaranon aur inn-ground scale koo sthaapit karane kii unaki sifaarishon mein 70 pratishat kii girawat aaee aur 21 maheene kii anuvarti avadhi mein kewal teen girawat darj kii gaee. 2014 taka, malani koo aantarik chikitsa key naidaanik sahayogi professor seey padonnat kiya gayaa thaa aantarik chikitsa key naidaanik professor. kuchh saal baad, unhein robbert winfield key sthaan parr mishigan vishvavidyalaya key liye mukhya swaasthya adhikaari niyukt kiya gayaa. mukhya swaasthya adhikaari key roop mein, vaha swaasthya aur kalyan key sabhi mamalon parr vishvavidyalaya key adhyaksh koo salah detee hain. unhone mishigan vishvavidyalaya key swaasthya neeti aur navachar sansthaan mein swasth umr badhane parr rashtriya sarvekshan shuru karane mein bhee madad kii, joe vriddh amerikiyon key saamane aaney vaale swaasthya sambandhi muddon parr dhyaan kendrit kartaa haye. ack sarvekshan ney 50 seey 80 varsh kii ayu key logon key liye parche vaali dawa key upayog parr detta ekatra kiya. covid-19 mahamari key dauran, malani ney "covid-19-teji seey badalati mahamari parr naee antardrishti" saha-prakaashit kii aur school lautane vaale chhatron key liye dishanirdesh jaari kiye. farwari 2020 mein, malani ney jaama key liye ack lekh kaa saha-lekhan kiya jisamen chikitsa peshevaron key liye rogiyon key mulyankan mein upayog karane key liye covid-19 kii naidaanik visheshtaon parr mahatvapurna adyatan shamil they.

preeti enn. malani preeti enn. malani avaru mishigan vishvavidyaalayadalli saankraamika rogagalu mattu geriatric medicine vibhagagalalli mukhya aarogya adhikariyagiddare mattu american medical association (jaamaa) journaln sahayaka sampadakaragiddare. aakeya samshoodhaneyu hiriya vayaskaralli saankraamika roga niyantrana mattu tadegattuvikeya mele kendrikrutavagide. arambhika jeevana mattu sikshana. malani tanna sahodara anu malani jote mishigaannalli hutty beledaru. ombattane taragatiya bijaganitada sikshakiyu aakege ganitadalli duppattu maadalu nirakarisida nantara, aake tanna velaapattiyannu bharti maadalu patrikodyama course annu ayke maadikondaru. malani tamma naalku varshagala proudhashaaleya avadhiyalli patrikodyamadalli hecchu asakti hondiddaru mattu proudhashala patrikeya sampaadakaraadaru. padavi padeda nantara, malani avaru mishigan vishvavidyaalayakke serikondaru, allie avaru vaidyakeeya patrikodyamadalli swatantra pathyakramavannu vinyaasagolisidaru. avaru mattomme shaala patrikeya barahagararagi seve sallisidaru mattu vaidyakeeya shaleya avashyakategalannu sampoornavaagi poornagolisada kaarana medil school off jarnalijange arji sallisidaru. besigeyalli patrikodyama shaaleyannu praarambhisuva modalu, malani avaru "dayton daili nyus" nalli internship galisidaru, allie avaru patrikodyamakkinta vaidyakeeyavannu munduvarisalu bayasuttaare endu kanduhididaru. patrikodyamadalli snatakottara vignaanavannu poornagolisida nantara, malani tamma vaidyakeeya padavigaagi wayne state university school off medicinnalli serikondaru mattu mishigan vishvavidyaalayadalli aantarika vaidyakeeya residency mattu saankraamika rogagala phelowship annu poornagolisidaru. vrattijeevana. mishigan medicine aantarika aushadha vibhagadalli saankraamika rogagalalli residency mattu phelowship annu poornagolisida nantara, avarannu upanyasakaragi nemisalaayitu. antimavagi 2009ralli saankraamika rogagalu mattu vruddhaapya vaidyakeeya vibhagagalalli sahayaka pradhyapakaragi badti padedaru mattu 2010ralli peer-reviewed vaidyakeeya niyatakaalika "clinical saankraamika rogagalu" dha sahayaka upa sampaadakaraagi nemakagondaru. avara nemakaatiya nantara, malani avaru mootrapindashaastra mattu vruddhaapya aushadha vibhagagalalli micheal hyung, jonathan segal mattu theres adamovskiyavarondige kelasa maadidaru mattu hemodialysis rogigalalli beeluvudannu tadegattuva surakshata vidhaanavannu vivarisuva adhyayanavannu saha-baredaru. lift sadhanagalu mattu neladolagina maapakagalannu alavadisuva avara shipharasugalu shekada 70 rashtu kusiyitu mattu 21 tingala anusaraneya avadhiyalli kevala mooru jalapatagalu varadiyagive. 2014rahra hottige, malaanige aantarika aushadhada clinical associate professor huddeyinda badti nidalaayitu. aantarika aushadhada clinical professor. kelavu varshagala nantara, robbert winfieldna badalige avarannu mishigan vishvavidyaalayada mukhya aarogya adhikariyagi nemisalaayitu. mukhya aarogya adhikariyagi, avaru aarogya mattu yogakshemada ellah vishayagala bagge vishvavidyaalayada adhyaksharige salahe niiduttaare. vayassaada americannaru edurisuttiruva aarogya sambandhita samasyegala mele kendrikarisida mishigan vishvavidyaalayada institute phaar health palisi und innovation annu aadharisida aarogyakara vayassaada rashtriya samiksheyannu prarambhisalu avaru sahaaya maadidaru. sameeksheyondu 50rinda 80 varshadolagina janarige prescription aushadhi balakeya dattaamshavannu sangrahiside. covid-19 saankraamikada samayadalli, malani "covid-19-vegavagi badalaaguttiruva saankraamika rogada bagge hosa olanotagalu" annu saha-prakatisidaru mattu shaalege maraluva vidyaarthigalige maargasuchigalannu bidugade maadidaru. phebravari 2020 ralli, vaidyakeeya vrattipararu rogigala moulyamaapanadalli balasalu covid-19 rahra vaidyakeeya vaishishtyagala bagge pramukha navikaranagalannu olagondiruva lekhanavondannu malani avaru jamaakkaagi saha-baredaru.

preethi enn. malani preethi enn. mishigan sarvakalaashaalayile pakarchavyaadhikal, geriatric medisin vibhaagangalile cheef health offeesarum american medical association (jaama) jenalinte associate edittarumaanu malani. muthirnnavaril pakarchavyaadhi niyanthranatthilum prathirodhathilumaanu avarude gaveshana shradha. aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum. sahodaran anuu malaaniyodoppamaanu mishiganile malani janichathum valarnnathum. onpathaam klaas beejaganita adhyapika ganithathil erattathaappu nadatthaan visammathichathinethudarn, timetable poorippikkaan avar oru jenalism kozhs thiranjedutthu. haiskoolil naalu varshakkalam padichappol malani pathrapravartthanatthil kooduthal thaalparyam kaanikkukayum haiskool pathratthinte edittaraayi maarukayum cheythu. birudaananthara birudathinushesham, mishigan sarvakalashaalayil chernna malani avide medical jenalisathil oru swatantra paatyapadhathi roopakalppana cheythu. avar orikkalkkoodi school pepparinte ezhuthukaariyaayi sevanamanushtikkukayum medical skoolinte aavasyakathakal poortthiyaakkaathathinaal medel school oof jenalisathil apekshikkukayum cheythu. jenalism school aarambhikkunnathin munbulla venalkkaalath, "dettan dayley nyoos" enna vaarthayil intenshippu nediya malani, avide pathrapravarthanathekkaal vaidyashaasthramaanu thaalpparyamenn kandethi. pathrapravartthanatthil birudaananthara birudam poortthiyaakkiya sesham, medical birudathinaayi weyne stettu yooniversitti school oof medisinil chernna malani mishigan sarvakalashaalayil intenal medisin residency aandu panfective diseases fellowship poortthiyaakki. currier. mishigan medisinte intenal medisin vibhaagathil residency pakarchavyaadhikalil fellowship poortthiyaakkiya sesham avar oru lactureraayi niyamikkapettu. oduvil 2009-ll pakarchavyaadhikaludeyum geriatric medisinteyum divisionukalil medisin associate professoraayi sthaanakkayattam nedukayum 2010-ll piyar review cheytha medical jenalaaya "klinikkal paarshwavalkkarana rogangalude" asisttant deputy edittaraayi niyamikkappedukayum cheythu. niyamanathetthudarnnu, hemodialysis rogikalkkidayil veezhunnathu thadayunnathinulla suraksha sameepanam vishadeekarikkunna oru padanatthinte saha-rachayithaavaayi melini maikkal hyung, jonathan segal, tereza adamovsky ennivarodoppam nephrology, geriatric medisin vibhagangalil pravarthichu. liftt upakaranangalum inn-graundu skeyilukalum sthaapikkunnathinulla avarude shupaarshakal 70 sathamaanam kuranju, 21 maasathe thudarchayaaya kaalayalavil moonnu veezhchakal maathrame report cheyyappettittulloo. 2014 aayappozhekkum malanic intenal medisin klinikkal associate professoraayi sthaanakkayattam labhichu. aantharika vaidyashaasthrathinte klinikkal professor. kurachu varshangalkk sesham, roobert winfieldinu pakaramaayi mishigan sarvakalaashaalayude cheef health offeesaraayi avar niyamithayaayi. cheef health officer enna nilayil, aarogyavum shemavum sambandhicha ellah kaaryangalilum avar sarvakalashaala presidentinu upadesham nalkunnu. muthirnna amerikkakkar abhimukeekarikkunna aarogyavumayi bandhapetta prasnangalil shradha kendreekarichulla yooniversitti oof mishigante instittyoott phoor health poolisi aandu innoveshan adisthaanamaakki aarogyakaramaya vaardhakyathekkurichu deseeya votteduppu aarambhikkaanum avar sahayichu. 50 num 80 num idayil praayamullavarude kurippadi marunnu upayogathekkurichulla vivarangal oru votteduppu shekharichu. covid-19 mahamari samayat, malani "covid-19-athivegam maarikkondirikkunna pakarchavyaadhiyekkurichu puthiya ulkkazhchakal" prasidheekarikkukayum schoolilekku madangunna vidyaarthikalkkaayi maargganirddeshangal purathirakkukayum cheythu. 2020 februvariyil, medical professionalukalkku rogikale vilayiruthunnathil upayogikkaan covid-19 nte klinikkal savisheshathakalekurichulla pradhana apdettukal adangiya oru lekhanam malani jaamaykkayi saha-rachichu.

preeti aine. malani preeti aine. malani mishigan vidyapithatil sansargjanya rog aanee vruddhatva aushadh vibhagatil mukhya aarogya adhikari aahet aanee american medical associationchya (jaama) niyatkalikachya sahyogi sampadak aahet. tiche sanshodhan vruddha praudhanmadhye sansargjanya rog niyantran aanee pratibandh yavar kendrit aahe. prarambhik jeevan aanee shikshan. malanicha janm aanee sangopan mishiganmadhye ticha bhau anu malanisobat jhaale. tichya navvya iyattechya bijganit shikshakane teela ganitache duheri shikshan denyas nakar dilyanantar, tine tiche velapatrak bharnyasathi patrakaritecha abhyaskram nivadala. malanila tichya chaar varshanchya hyschoolchya kalat patrakaritet adhikadhik rus vatoo lagla aanee tee hyschoolchya vartmanpatrachi sampadak bunley. padvinantar malanine mishigan vidyapithat pravesh ghetala, jithe tine vaidyakeey patrakaritecha swatantra abhyaskram tayar keela. tine punha ekada shalechya peparsathi lekhika mhanoon kaam kele aanee vaidyakeey shalechya garja tine purnapane purn naan kelyamule medil school auph journalism arj keela. patrakaritechi shaala suru karnyapurvi unhalyat malanine 'dayton delly news' madhye internship midavali, jithe teela aadhalale qee tee patrakaritepeksha vaidyakeey shikshan gheil. patrakaritet vidnyan vishayat padvyuttar shikshan purn kelyanantar malanine vaidyakeey padvisathi wein steet university school auph medicinemadhye pravesh ghetala aanee mishigan vidyapithat tichi antargat vaidyakeey nivas aanee sansargjanya roganchi shishyavrutti purn kelee. karkird. mishigan medicinechya antargat aushadh vibhagat sansargjanya roganmadhye tyanche nivassthan aanee shishyavrutti purn kelyanantar, tyanchi vyakhyata mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. akheris 2009 madhye tyanna sansargjanya rog aanee vruddhatvachya aushadhanchya vibhagat vaidyakeey shakhechya sahyogi pradhyapika mhanoon padonnati midali aanee 2010 madhye samvayask-samikshan kelelya vaidyakeey niyatkalik 'clinical sansargjanya rog' chya sahayyak upasampadak mhanoon tyanchi niyukti karnyat aalee. tyanchya niyuktinantar, malani yanni nephrology aanee geriatric medicinechya vibhaganmadhye michael hyung, jonathan segal aanee theres edamovsky yanchyasobat kaam kele aanee hemodialysischya rugnanmadhye padane rokhanyasathichya surakshitatechya drushtikonacha tapasheel denanya abhyasache saha-lekhak mhanoon kaam kele. lift upkarane aanee jaminitil scale basavanyachya tyanchya shifarshinmadhye 70 takkyanni ghat jhaali aanee 21 mahinyanchya pathpuravyachya kalavadhit keval teen padanyachi nond jhaali. 2014 paryant malani yanna antargat aushadhanchya clinical sahyogi pradhyapkapasun padvyuttar padasathi badhati denyat aalee. antargat aushadhache vaidyakeey pradhyapak. kahee varshannantar, robbert winfieldchya jaagi mishigan vidyapithachya mukhya aarogya adhikari mhanoon tichi niyukti karnyat aalee. mukhya aarogya adhikari mhanoon, tyaa vidyapithachya adhyakshanna aarogya aanee kalyanachya serve babinvar sallah detat. mishigan vidyapithachya aarogya dhoran aanee navinyapurn sanshodhan sansthet vruddha americananna bhedasavana aarogyashi sambandhit samasyanvar laksh kendrit karoon nirogi vruddhatvavaril rashtriy sarvekshan suru karnyasahi tyanni madat kelee. eka sarvekshanane 50 teey 80 vayogatatil lokansathi prescription aushadhanchya vaparababatchi mahitee gola kelee. covid-19 mahamarichya kalat, malanine 'covid-19-vegane badalatya mahamarivaril naveen antardrushti' saha-prakashit kelee aanee shalet paratanaya vidyarthyansathi margdarshak tattve jaaree kelee. februwari 2020 madhye, malanine jaama sathee eka lekh saha-lihila, jyamadhye vaidyakeey vyavsayikanna rugnanchya mulyankanat vaparnyasathi covid-19 chya vaidyakeey vaishishtyanvaril mahattvapoorn adyatane aahet.

priti enn. malani priti enn. malani mishigan vishwavidyalayama sankramak rog rar jarachikitsa medicineko divisionma pramukh swasthya adhikari rar american medical association (zama) ko journalko sahayogi sampadak hun. unko anusandhan wriddha wayaskaharuma sankramak rog niyantran rar rokathamma kendrit chha. prarambhik jiwan rar shiksha. malaniko janma rar hurkai unko bhai anu malanisanga mishiganma bhaeko thiyo. unko nawaun kakshako bijganit shikshakle unlai ganitma dobbar huna dina aswikar garepachhi, unle afno samaya talika bharna patrakarita pathyakram rojin. malanile afno chaar warshako hai schoolko awadhima patrakaritama badhi ruchi lie rar hai schoolko patrikako sampadak bane. snatak garepachhi, malanile mishigan vishwavidyalayama bharna bhain jahaan unle chikitsa patrakaritama swatantra pathyakram design garin. unle feri ekpatak schol peparka lagi lekhakko rupma sewa garin rar medical schoolka awashyaktaharu purna rupma pura nagareko karan medil schol aff journalismma avedan diin. patrakaritako vidyalaya suru garnuaghi garmiko samayama, malanile "dayton deli news" maa internship kamaeki thiin jahaan unle patrakarita bhanda chikitsa adhyayan garna ruchaunchhin bhanne patta lagaeki thiin. patrakaritama master aff sines pura garepachhi, malanile afno medical degreeka lagi wein state university schol aff medicinema bharna bhain rar mishigan vishwavidyalayama afno antarik chikitsa niwas rar sankramak rog fellowship pura garin. currier. mishigan medicineko antarik chikitsa vibhagma sankramak rogharuma afno niwas rar fellowship pura garepachhi, uni wyakhyata niyukta bhain. unlai antatah sann 2009 maa sankramak rog rar jarachikitsa aushadhi vibhagma medicineko associate professorko rupma padonnati gariyo rar sann 2010 maa sahakarmi-samiksha garieko medical journal "clinical sankramak rogharu" ko sahayak upa sampadak niyukta gariyo. unko niyukti pachhi, malanile micheal hyung, jonathan segal, rar theres edamowskisanga nephrology rar jarachikitsa aushadhiko vibhagma haemodialysis biramiharuma jharnabata roknako lagi suraksha drishtikonko vivaran dine adhyayanko saha-lekhakko rupma kaam gare. lift upkaranharu rar inn-ground scaleharu sthapana garne uniharuko sifarisharu 70 pratishatle ghatyo rar 21 mahinako falo-up awadhima kewal tinwata jharne report garieko thiyo. sann 2014 sammama malanilai antarik chikitsako clinical associate professorbata padonnati gariyo. antarik chikitsaka clinical professor. kehi warshapachhi, unlai robert winfieldko pratisthapanko rupma mishigan wishwawidyalayako mukhya swasthya adhikari niyukta gariyo. mukhya swasthya adhikarika rupma, unle swasthya rar kalyanka sabai mamilaharuma vishwavidyalaya adhyakshalai sallaha dinchhin. unle wriddha amerikiharule samana garne swasthya sambandhi samasyaharuma dhyan kendrit gardai university aff mishiganko swasthya niti rar nawaprawartan sansthanma adharit swastha budheskalma rashtriya sarwekshan suru garna pani maddat garin. euta sarwekshanle 50 dekhi 80 warsha umera samuhaka manisharuka lagi prescription aushadhi prayogko tathyanka sankalan gareko thiyo. covid-19 mahamariko samayama, malanile "covid-19-druta gatima pariwartan bhairaheko mahamarima nayan antardrishti" saha-prakashit garin rar schol farkane vidyarthiharuka lagi dishanirdeshharu jaari garin. february 2020 maa, malanile jamaka lagi euta lekhko saha-lekhan gare jasma chikitsa peshewarharulai biramiharuko mulyangkanma prayog garna covid-19 ko clinical suwidhaharuma mahatwapurna adyawadhikharu samawesh chhan.

preeti enn. malani preeti enn. malani mishigan biswabidyalajare sankramaka roga ebong geriatric medicine bibhagara mukhya swasthya adhikari ebong americae medical association (zama) rahr jarnalara sahajogee sampadaka . tankara gabeshana bayaska bajaskamananka madhyare sankramaka roga nijantrana ebong pratirodha upare dhyana deithae. prarambhika zeeban ebong sikhya. malani mishiganare taanka bhai anoo malaninka saha janma grahan karithile ebong sethare badhithile. taanka nabam shrenira bijaganita sikhyaka tanku ganitare dwigunita hebaku manah kariba parey, shay taanka samai saaranee purana kariba paain eka sambadikata pathyakrama bachithile. malani taanka highschooler chaari barshar karjyakala madhyare sambadikata prati adhika agrahi hoithile ebong haiskul patrikara sampadaka hoithile. snataka parey, malani mishigan biswabidyalajare naama lekhaithile jeunthare shay daktari sambadikatare eka swadheena pathyakrama prastuta karithile. shay puni thare skula pepara paain jane lekhaka bhabare karjya karithile ebong medil skula off jarnalijimare abedan karithile kaaran shay medical schooler aabashyakataaku sampurna karinathile. sambadikata bidyalaja arambha kariba purbaru grishma ruture, malani "dayton dainika khabara" sahita internship arjan karithile jeunthare shay janibaku paile je shay sambadikata apekhya daktari adhyajana karibaku pasanda karanti . sambadikatare bigyanare snatakottara samapta kariba parey, malani taanka daktari degree paain wen state junivarasiti skul off medisinare naama lekhaithile ebong mishigan biswabidyalajare tankara aabhyantareen medicine residency ebong sankramaka roga phelocip samapta karithile. kyariyara. mishigan medicine rahr aabhyantareen oushadha bibhagare sankramaka rogare residency ebong phelocip samapta kariba parey, shay jane adhyapaka bhabare nijukta hoithile. sheshare shay 2009 ray sankramaka roga ebong geriatric medicine bibhagare medicine associate professor bhabare padonnati paithile ebong 2010 ray sahakarmee-samikhya karajaithiba daktari journal "clinical sankramaka roga" rahr sahakaree upa sampadaka nijukta hoithile. taanka nijukti parey, malani nephrology ebong geriatric medicine bibhagare michael hyung, jonathan segal ebong theres aadamoskinka saha karjya karithile hemodialysis rogeenka madhyare padibaru rakhya paain surakhya abhimukhya bistruta bhabare eka adhyajana saha lekhibaku . lift upakarana ebong inn-ground scale sthapana kariba paain semanankara suparish 70 pratishata hrass paichi ebong 21 masser parabarti abadhire kebala tinoti patana report karajaichi. 2014 masiha suddha, malaninku aabhyantareen oushadhara clinical associate professor padaru padonnati diajaithila. aabhyantareen oushadhara clinical professor. kichhi barsha parey, shay robert winfieldnka sthanare mishigan biswabidyalajara mukhya swasthya adhikari bhabare nijukta hoithile. mukhya swasthya adhikari bhabe shay biswabidyalajara adhyakhyanku swasthya ebong kalyana sambandheeah samasta prasangare paramarsha dianti. mishigan biswabidyalajara institute pharr health policy anded innovation ray bayaska aamerikeejamane sammukheen heuthiba swasthya sambandheeah samasya upare dhyana kendrit curry sustha bardhakya upare jatiah sarbhe arambha karibare madhya shay sahajya karithile. gotie sarbhe 50 ru 80 barsha baisar lokanka paain prescription oushadha byabahara upare tathya sangraha karithila. kovida-19 mahamari samajare, malani "kovida-19-druta gatire badaluthiba mahamari upare nutan antardrusti" saha-prakashita karithile ebong bidyalajaku pheruthiba chhatrachhatrinka paain nirdeshabali jaari karithile. februari 2020 ray, malani zama paain eka nibandha saha-rachna karithile jeunthire daktari bruttidhareenka paain rogeenka mulyankanare byabahara karibaku kovida-19 rahr clinical baisistya upare gurutwapurna update achhi .

preeti ainn. malani preeti ainn. malani mishigan university witch sankarmit bimariaan atey geriatric maddison dey division witch mukkh sihat adhikari atey american medical association (jaama) dey journal dey sehyogi sampadak hunn. uss dee khoj daa dhiaan vadde balgan witch sankarmit bimari niyantaran atey roktham utte haii. mudhla jeevan atey sikkhiaa. malani daa janam atey paalan-poshan mishigan witch uss dey bharaa anu malani naal hoiaa see. jadon uss dee nauvin jamaat dee aljabra adhiaapak neey uss noon ganit witch duggna curran toon inkaar qarr ditta, taan uss neey aapni samaan saarnee noon bharan laee ikk pattarkari course dee chonh keeti. malani aapne hyee school dey chaar saalan dauran pattarkari witch vadhere dilchaspi lainn laggi atey hyee school dey akhbar dee sampadak bann gaee. graduation toon baad, malani neey mishigan university witch dakhla liaa jitthe usne medical pattarkari witch ikk sutantar pathkram tiaar keeta. uss neey ikk vaar firr school dey paper laee ikk lekhak vajon seva nibhai atey medical school deeaan zaruratan noon puurii tarahan poora naa curran caarn maddle school aaf pattarkari witch arzi ditti. garmiaan dauran pattarkari school shuru curran toon pahilan, malani neey "dayton delly news" naal internship prapat keeti jitthe uss neey paaiaa kii uh pattarkari dee bajaae dawai dee padahi karna pasand karegi. pattarkari witch maastar aaf science dee padahi puurii curran toon baad, malani neey aapni medical digri laee wein state university school aaf maddison witch dakhla liaa atey mishigan university witch aapni andruni dawai residency atey sankarmit bimariaan dee fellowship puurii keeti. carrier. mishigan maddison dey andruni dawai vibhag witch sankarmit bimariaan witch aapni rihaish atey fellowship puurii curran toon baad, uss noon ikk lacturar niyukat keeta giaa see. uss noon aakharkar 2009 witch sankarmit bimariaan atey geriatric maddison dey divisionan witch maddison dee associate professor vajon tarakki ditti gaee atey 2010 witch witch medical journal "clinical sankarmit bimariaan" daa sahaik dipty sampadak niyukat keeta giaa. uss dee niyukti toon baad, malani neey michael hioong, jonathan segal atey therace adamovsky naal nephrology atey geriatric maddison dey divisionan witch kamm keeta taan joe haemodilisis dey mareezan witch dhiggan toon rokann laee surakhiaa pahunch daa verva denh vaale ikk adhiaen daa sahi-lekhak banaiaa jaa sake. lift upkarnan atey zamini paimane noon sathapat curran deeaan unhan deeaan sifarshan witch 70 pratishat dee girawat aaee atey 21 mahiniaan dee falo-upp miaad witch siraf tinn dhiggan dee report keeti gaee. 2014 takk malani noon andruni dawai dey clinical associate professor toon tarakki ditti gaee see. andruni dawai dey clinical professor. kujh saalan baad, uss noon mishigan university laee robbert winfield dee thaan mukkh sihat adhikari niyukat keeta giaa see. mukkh sihat adhikari dey roop witch, uh university dey pardhan noon sihat atey tandrusti dey saare mamlian witch salaah dindi haii. uss neey university aaf mishigan dey sihat neeti atey navinata sansthan witch sihat sambandhi muddiaan 'teey dhiaan kendrat karde hoye sihat sambandhi umar baare rashtari pole shuru curran witch vee sahaita keeti. ikk sarvekhan neey 50 toon 80 saal dee umar dey lokan laee nushkhe vaali dawai dee varton baare ankade ikkathe keete. covid-19 mahamari dauran, malani neey "covid-19-tezi naal badal rahee mahamari baare naveen samajh" prakashit keeti atey school partan vaale vidiaarthiaan laee disha-nirdesh jaari keete. farvari 2020 witch, malani neey jaama laee ikk lekh daa sahi-lekhak see jiss witch medical peshevaran laee mareezan dey aapne mulankan witch vartan laee covid-19 deeaan clinical visheshtavan baare mahattavpuran update sunn.

preetee ena. malani preetee ena. malani mishigan-vishvavidyaalaye sankraamak-roga-vruddha-chikitsaa-vibhaageshu mukhya-swaasthya-adhikaari asti, american-medical-association (jaama) patrikaayaah saha-sampaadikaa cha asti. tasyaah samshodhanam vruddhaanaam madhye sankraamak-roga-niyantranasya nivaaranasya cha vishaye asti. praarambhikajeevanam tathaa shiksha. malani mishigan-nagare svabhratuna anu malani ityanena saha janayat, utthaapayat cha. navama-shrenee-beejaganit-shikshikaa ganitasya dwigunanam kartum niraakrutavatee, tadaa saa swasya samay-saaranee poorayitum patrakaritayaha paatyakramam chitavatee. malani ucchavidyaalayasya chaturvarsheshu patrakaritayam adhikatayaa ruchim avaapnot, ucchavidyaalayasya patrikaayaah sampaadakah abhavat cha. snaatakapadaveem praapya, malani mishigan-vishvavidyaalaye namankanam krutavatee, yatra saa chikitsaa-patrakaritayam swatantra-paatyakramam parikalpayat. saa punah vidyaalayasya patrikaayaah lekhikaaroopen karyam krutvaa medil-school aaf journalism prati aavedanam krutavatee yatah saa chikitsaa-vidyaalayasya aavashyakataani purnataya naa poorayat. journalism vidyaalayam aarabhy grishmakaale, malani "dayton-dailee-nyoos" ityanena saha internship arjayat, yatra saa patrakaritayaha apekshayaa vaidyashaastram abhyasayitum icchati iti avadat. patrakaritayam vidnyaanasya snatakottaram samapya, malani chikitsaa-padaveem praaptum vene-rajya-vishvavidyaalayasya vaidyashaastravidyaalaye namankanam krutvaa mishigan-vishvavidyaalaye aantarik-chikitsaa-niwaas-sankraamak-roganam adhyetrutvam cha sampurni. vruttihi. mishigan-aushadhasya aantarik-aushadha-vibhaagasya sankraamak-rogeshu nivaasam, adhyetrutvam cha samapya saa vyakhyata rupena niyuktaa abhavat. saa antatah 2009 tame varshe sankraamak-roga-vruddha-chikitsaa-vibhaageshu chikitsaa-sahaayak-pradhyapika-rupena padonnatee prapta, 2010 tame varshe saha-samikshita-chikitsaa-patrikaa "naidaanika-sankraamak-roga-patrikaa" ityasya sahaayak-upa-sampaadikaa cha niyuktaa. tasyaah niyukteh anantaram, malani, hemodialysis-roginaam madhye patanam nivaarayitum surakshayaha drushtikonasya vivaranam dattam adhyayanasya saha-lekhikaa, nephrology-vruddha-chikitsaa-vibhaageshu mckell hyoong, jonaathan segal, theres adamovsky cha ityetaih saha kaaryam akarot. lift-upakaranani, inn-ground-scales cha sthaapayitum teshaam anushamsaasu 70 pratishatam nyunikaranam jaatam, 21-masasya anuvarteekaale kevalam treeni patanaani eva abhilikhitaah. 2014 tame varshe malani aantarik-chikitsayaha naidaanika-sahaayak-pradhyapakaha padaat padonnatee praapnot. clinical pradhyapakaha aantarik-chikitsaa. katipayavarshanam anantaram saa rabert winfield ityasya sthaane mishigan-vishvavidyaalayasya mukhya-swaasthya-adhikarina niyuktaa abhavat. mukhya-swaasthya-adhikaarineeroopen saa swaasthya-kalyaana-vishayeshu sarveshu vishayeshu vishvavidyaalayasya adhyakshaya upadesham dadati. saa mishigan-vishvavidyaalayasya swaasthyaneeti-navapravartan-samsthaayaam vruddha-amerikiyaanaam swaasthyasambaddha-samasyanam vishaye kendreekrutam swastha-vruddhaavasthaayaah vishaye rashtriya-janamat-sarvekshanasya aarambhe api sahayyam krutavatee. ekasmin samikshayam 50 taha 80 varshaanaam madhye jananam krute priscripshan-aushadhasya upayogasya dattaamshah sangruheetah. covid-19 mahamarikale, malani "covid-19-drutagatyaa parivartate mahaamaareevishaye nootanam antardrushtih" iti saha-prakashya vidyaalayam pratyagantanam chhatranam krute maargadarshikaah prakaashitavatee. 2020 februvari-maase malani ityeshaa, roginaam moolyaamkane chikitsaavidbhyah upayogaay, covid-19 ityasya chikitsaavishayakavisheshaanaam vishaye mahattvapoornaani adyataneekaranam yukttam, jaama-krute ekam lekham saha-lekhitaa.

preethi enn. malani preethi enn. malani michikan palkalaikkazhagaththil thottru noaikal mattrum vayathaana maruththuvap pirivugalil thalaimai sugaathaara athikaariyaagavum, america maruththuva sangaththin (jamaa) journaline inai aasiriyaraagavum ullaar. avarathu aaraaichi kavanam vayathaanavargalil thottru noai kattuppaadu mattrum thaduppu aagiyavattril ullathu. aarambagaala vaazhkkai mattrum kalvi. malani thanathu cakootharar anuu malaaniyudan michikanil piranthu valarnthaar. avarathu onbathaam vaguppu iyarkanitha aasiriyar kanithaththil irattippaaka anumathikka maruthathaal, avar thanathu kaala attavanaiyai nirappa oru paththirigaip padippaith therntheduththaar. malani thanathu naanku aandu uyarnilaip pallik kaalappagudhiyil paththirigaiyil adhiga aarvam kaattinaar, maelum uyarnilaip palli seithiththaalin aasiriyaraaga aanaar. pattam pettra piragu, malani michikan palkalaikkazhagaththil saernthaar, angku avar maruththuva idhazhiyalil oru suyaatheena paadaththittaththai vadivamaithaar. avar meendum palli thaalil oru ezhuththaalaraaga paniyaattrinaar, maelum maruththuvap pallikkaana thevaikalai muzhumaiyaaga mudikkaathathaal medil paththirigaip pallyil vinnappitthaar. paththirigaiyaalar palliyaith thodanguvatharku munbu koadaiyil, malani "taton dailey news" ill oru payirchiyaip pettraar, angku avar paththirigaiyai vida marutthuvaththaith thodara virumbukiraar enbathaik kandarindhaar. idhazhiyalil mudugalai ariviyal pattam pettra piragu, malani thanathu maruththuva pattaththirkaaga weyn maanila palkalaikkazhaga maruththuvap pallyil saernthaar, maelum michikan palkalaikkazhagaththil thanathu ull maruththuva vathivida mattrum thottru noaikal uthaviththogaiyai muditthaar. thozhil. michikan maruththuvaththin ull marutthuvath thuraiyil thottru noaikalil thanathu vathividaththaiyum kootturavaiyum mudiththa piragu, avar oru virivuraiyaalaraaka niyamikkappattaar. iruthiyil 2009 aam aandil thottru noaikal mattrum vayathaana maruththuvap pirivugalil maruththuvaththin inaip paeraasiriyaraaga padhavi uyarvu pettraar, maelum 2010 aam aandil saga mathippaaivu seiyappatta maruththuva idhazhaana "maruththuva thottru noaikalin" udhavi thunai aasiriyaraaga niyamikkappattaar. avarathu niyamanatthaith thodarnthu, malani michael hyung, jonathan segal mattrum therus adamovskyudan inainthu narambiyal mattrum vayathaana maruththuvap pirivugalil panipurinthaar, idhu haemodialysis noyaaligalidaiyae vizhuvathaith thaduppatharkaana paathukaappu anugumuraiyai vivarikkum oru aaivai inai ezhuthiyathu. lipt saathanangal mattrum tharaiyil ulla alavukoalgalai niruvuvatharkaana avarkalin parinthuraikal 70 sathaveetham kurainthana, maelum 21 maatha pinthodarthal kaalaththil moontru veezhchchigal mattumae pathivaakiyullana. 2014aam aandukkul, malani ull maruththuvaththin maruththuva inai paeraasiriyaraaga padhavi uyarvu pettraar. ull maruththuvaththin maruththuvap paeraasiriyar. sila aandugalukkup piragu, robbert winfieldukku pathilaaka michikan palkalaikkazhagaththin thalaimai sugaathaara athikaariyaaga niyamikkappattaar. thalaimai sugaathaara athikaariyaaga, avar sugaathaaram mattrum nalvaazhvu thodarpaana anaitthu vishayangkalilum palkalaikkazhagath thalaivarukku aaloasanai valangkukiraar. michikan palkalaikkazhagaththin sugaathaarak kolgai mattrum kandupidippugalukkaana niruvanaththil vayathaana americkarkal ethirkollum sugaathaara thodarpaana pirachchanaikalil kavanam seluththum aaroakkiyamaana vayathaana thaesiya karutthukkanippaith thodangavum avar udhavinaar. 50 muthal 80 vayathukkutpattavarkalukku parinthuraikkappatta marunthu payanpaadu kuriththa tharavugalai oru karutthuk kanippu sekariththathu. kovit-19 perunththottrin poathu, malani "kovit-19-vaekamaaka maarivarum thottrunoai kuriththa puthiya nunnarivugalai" inainthu veliyittaar mattrum pallikkuth thirumbum maanavargalukkaana vazhikaattuthalgalai veliyittaar. pipravari 2020 ill, malani jaamaavukkaaga oru katturaiyai inainthu ezhuthinaar, idhil koovit-19 inn maruththuva amsangkal kuriththa mukkiyamaana puthuppippukal ullana, maruththuva vallunargal noayaaligalin mathippeedugalil payanpaduththalaam.

preetee enn. malani preetee enn. malani michigaon vishwavidhyaalayamlo antu vyaadhulu mariyu vruddhaapya vaidya vibhagalalo pradhana aarogya adhikari mariyu american medical association (jaamaa) journal yokka associate editor. aame parisoedhana drushti vruddhulalo antu vyaadhula niyantrana mariyu nivaaranapai undhi. prarambha jeevitam mariyu vidya. malani thana sodarudu anu malaaneetho kalisi michigaanlo putti perigaaru. tommidava taragati beejaganitam upadhyayuralu aamenu ganitamlo rettimpu cheyadaaniki anumatinchanivvadamtho, aame thana kaalapattikanu puurimchadaaniki journalism korsunu enchukundi. malani thana naalugu samvatsaraala unnata paatasaalalo journalism patla ekkuva aasakti kanabarichi, unnata paatasaala patrikaku sampaadakudigaa maarindi. graduation taruvaata, malani michigaon vishwavidhyaalayamlo cheraadu, akkada aame vaidya journalismlo swatantra paatyaamsaalanu roopondinchindi. aame marosari paatasaala patrikaku rachayitagaa panicheesaaru mariyu vaidya paatasaala avasaralanu puurtigaa puurti cheyananduna medil school off jarnalijaaniki darakhaastu chesukunnaru. journalism paatasaalanu praarambhinchadaaniki mundu vesavilo, malani "dayton dialy nyuus" thoo internshipnu sampaadinchindi, akkada aame journalism kante vaidyaanni abhyasinchadaanni ishtapadutundani kanugondi. journalismlo masters off sains puurti chesina taruvaata, malani thana vaidya degree kosam wayne state university school off medisinlo cheraadu mariyu michigaon vishwavidhyaalayamlo thana antargata vaidya nivaasam mariyu antu vyaadhula pheloshipnu puurti chesindi. vrutti. michigaon medicine yokka antargata vaidya vibhaagamlo antu vyaadhulalo thana nivaasam mariyu pheloshipnu puurti chesina taruvaata, aame lecturerga niyaminchabaddaaru. chivariki aame 2009loe antu vyaadhulu mariyu vruddhaapya vaidya vibhagalalo associate professor off medicine gaa padoonnati pondindi mariyu 2010loe peer-reviewed medical journal "clinical antu vyaadhula" kuu assistant deputy editargaa niyaminchabadindi. aame niyamakam taruvaata, malani, maikhel hyung, jonathan segal mariyu theris adamovskytho kalisi nephrology mariyu geriatric medicine vibhagalalo panichesi, hemodialysis rogulalo padipokunda nivaarinchadaaniki bhadrata vidhananni vivarinche adhyayananni saha rachayitagaa chesaaru. lift parikaraalu mariyu inn-ground scalesnu vyavasthaapinchaalanae vaari sifaarsulu 70 saatam padipoyayi mariyu 21 nelala phaalo-up vyavadhilo moodu jalapaataalu matrame nivedinchabaddaayi. 2014 natiki, malani antargata vaidyasaastramlo clinical associate professorga padoonnati pondindi. antargata vaidyasaastramlo clinical professor. konni samvatsaraala taruvaata, robbert winfield sthaanamlo aame michigaon vishwavidhyaalayaaniki pradhana aarogya adhikariga niyamitulayyaaru. pradhana aarogya adhikariga, aame aarogyam mariyu sreyassu yokka anni vishayaalapai vishwavidyaalaya adhyakshudiki salaha istundi. vruddha americanlu edurkontunna aarogya sambandhita samasyalapai drushti saarinchina university off michigaon institute pharr health palasi und innovation aadhaaramgaa aarogyakaramaina vruddhaapyampai jaateeya polnu praarambhinchadaaniki kooda aame sahaayapadindi. oka pole 50 nundi 80 samvatsaraala madhya vayassu gala vyaktula kosam prescription aushadha viniyogampai daetaanu sekarinchindi. covid-19 mahammari samayamlo, malani "covid-19-vaegamgaa maarutunna mahammaripai kotta antardrushtulu" nuu saha-prachurinchindi mariyu paatasaalaku tirigi vachhe vidyaarthula kosam maargadarsakaalanu vidudala chesindi. fibravari 2020loe, vaidya nipunulu rogula madimpulo upayoginchadaaniki covid-19 yokka clinical lakshanaalapai mukhyamaina naveekaranalanu kaligi unna oka kathanaanni malani jamaa kosam saha-rachinchaaru.

pariti aine. milani pariti aine. milani mashee gunn university mein mutaadi beemariyon aur jarasimi adviyaat kay devisions mein cheef health officer haine aur american medical aisosi aishan (jaama) kay jareede kay aisosi aett editor haine. iss kii tehqeeq kii taujah bury amar kay balighon mein mutaadi beemariyon parr qaabu paaney aur rook thaam parr hay. ibtadayi zindagi aur taleem. milani kii paidaish aur prorish mashee gunn mein apnay bhayee anoo milani kay saath hoyee. jabb iss kii nawein jamaat kii aljabra teacher nay asay riyaazi mein dogna karnay say ankaar kirr diyaa tuu iss nay apnaa tyme table parr karnay kay liye sahafat kaa kors muntakhib kiyaa. milani kuu apnay hayee school kay chaar saalon kay doraan sahafat mein teezi say ziyadah dilchaspi honay lagee aur wah hayee school kay akhbaar kii editor bunn gayein. graduation kay baad milani nay mashee gunn university mein daakhlah liyaa jehaan inhon nay tabee sahafat mein eek aazaad nisaab tayaar kiyaa. inhon nay eek baar phir school kay peepar kay liye masnaf kay toor parr khidmaat anjaam dain aur medal school aaf journalism mein darkhwast dee keunkah inhon nay medical school kay taqazay makmal nahein kiye thay. sahafat kaa school sharoo karnay say pehley mosam garma kay doraan milani nay "deaton daili newz" kay saath intern ship haasil kii jehaan inhein patah chalaa kahh wah sahafat kay bajaye tabb kii taleem haasil karnaa pasand karein gee. sahafat mein maaster aaf science makmal karnay kay baad milani nay apnee tabee digri kay liye ween steat university school aaf medison mein daakhlah liyaa aur mashee gunn university mein apnee androni tabb kii rehaish aur mutaadi beemariyon kii felowship makmal kii. carrier. mashigan medison kay shobah daakhli tabb mein mutaadi beemariyon mein apnee rehaish aur felowship makmal karnay kay baad inhein lecturer kay toor parr muqarar kiyaa gayaa. balaakhir inhein 2009 mein mutaadi beemariyon aur jarasimi adviyaat kay devisions mein medison kii aisosi aett professor kay toor parr tarqi dee gayee aur 2010 mein humm martabah jaizah leenay waalay medical journal "cleanical mutaadi beemariyon" kii assistent dipty editor muqarar kii gayee. inn kii taqriri kay baad milani nay michael haing jonathan seegal aur therees adamosky kay saath nephrology aur geriatric medison kay devisions mein kaam kiyaa taakah haemodialysis kay mareezon mein garnay say bachnay kay hifazati naqtah nazar kii tafsil say eek mutalah kaa shareek masnaf bunn sakein. lift devices aur inn ground scales nasb karnay kii inn kii sfarshaat mein 70 faisad kamee waaqa hoyee aur 21 maah kii peervi kii madat mein sarf teen faalz kii atlaa milly. 2014 takk milani kuu androni tabb kay cleanical aisosi aett professor say tarqi day kirr androni tabb kay cleanical professor. kachh saal baad inhein raabart winn feld kay muthbadil kay toor parr mashee gunn university kay liye cheef health officer muqarar kiyaa gayaa. cheef health officer kii haisiyat say wah sehat aur tandrasti kay tamaam muamilat parr university kay sadr kuu mashurah deeti haine. inhon nay university aaf mashee gunn kay insity teut faar health palisi aind invavation mein sehat mund badhapay parr qomi sarway sharoo karnay mein bhee madad kii jiss mein bury amar kay americiyon kuu darpesh sehat say mutaliq masail parr taujah markoz kii gayee. eek sarway mein 50 say 80 saal kii amar kay logon kay liye naskhay kay manshiyaat kay istemaal kay aidaad woo shamaar akthay kiye gayey. coved-19 wabayi marz kay doraan milani nay "coved-19-teezi say badalti hoyee wabaa parr nayee basirat" mushtarkah toor parr shaye kii aur school waps aaney waalay talbaa kay liye rehnuma khatut jaari kiye. faroori 2020 mein milani nay jaama kay liye eek mazmun mushtarkah toor parr likhaa jiss mein tabee paishah warr afraad kay liye coved-19 kii tabee khususiyat parr aham app deets shaamil haine taakah wah mareezon kii tashkhis mein istemaal kirr sakein.

00016f1d495ec0df4b5df38c971ba2f39e20def1a70a6b42f51d7e0bb55ab27e

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=46275330

Business Park Sofia station

Business Park Sofia station Sоfia metro station <templatestyles src="Routemap/styles.css"/> Business Park Sofia Metro Station () is a station on the Sofia Metro in Bulgaria. It started operation on 8 May 2015. Interchange with other public transport. Bus service: 76, 111, 314, 413, Sofia Ring Mall bus Location. The Business Park Sofia Metro Station is situated near Business Park Sofia and serves Mladost 4 housing estate. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

byowoxayik udyan sofiya steson byowoxayik udyan sofiya metro "steson () bulgariyar sofiya metro" ror etaa steson. 2015 sonor 8 mey 'too iyar karjyokolap aarombho hoisil. onyanyo rajohuwa poribohonor xoite binimoy korok. baach xewah 76,111,314,413, sofiya ring moll baach owosthan. byowoxayik udyan sofiya metro "steson byowoxayik udyan sofiyar usorot owosthito aaru ee maladusto 4 housing istetot xewa aagborhai.

bijnes park sofiya steshana bijnes park sofiya metro steshana () bulgaria sofiya metro ekti steshana. etty 2015 saaler 8 meey theke kaaj shuru korey. anyanno ganoporibohoner sange binimoy korun. baas porisheba 76,111,314,413, sofiya ring moll baas abosthan. bijnes park sofiya metro stationti bijnes park sophier kachhe abosthito ebong mladost 4 housing estater jonno porisheba pradan korey.

business paark sofiya station business paark sofiya metro station () bulgariama sofiya metro parnoo aek station chhe. tene 8 meey meey roj kamgiri sharoo curry hatee. anya jaaher parivahan saathe vineemay karoo. bus sevaah 76,111,314,413, sofiya ring moll bus sthaan. business paark sofiya metro station business paark sofiya najik aavelu chhe aneey mladost 4 housing estatene sevaa aape chhe.

business park sofiya station business park sofiya metro station () bulgaria mein sofiya metro parr ack station haye. iska sanchaalan 8 maee 2015 koo shuru huaa. anya saarvajanik parivahan key saath adaan-pradaan karein. buss sevaah 76,111,314,413, sofiya ring maull buss sthaan. business park sofiya metro station business park sofiya key paas sthit haye aur yeh sabse badee 4 aavaasiya sampatti kii seva kartaa haye.

bisiness park sofiya station bisiness park sofiya metro station () balgeriyaada sofiya metrodalliruva ondu nildaanavaagide. idu 8 mayee 2015 randu karyacharaneyannu praarambhisitu. itara saarvajanika saarigeyondige vinimaya madikolli. bus seveh 76,111,314,413, sofiya ring maall bus sthala. bisiness park sofiya metro nildaanavu bisiness park sofiya bully ide mattu idu mladost 4 vasati estatege seve sallisuttade.

business park sophiya station business park sophiya metro station () heey bulgariatil sophiya metroveril eka sthanak aahe. 8 meey 2015 roji tyache kaam suru jhaale. itar sarvajanik vahtukishi devanghevan qaraa. bus sevah 76,111,314,413, sophiya ringmall bus thikan. business park sophiya metro station business park sophiya jawal aahe aanee mladost 4 gruhnirman malmattechi seva dete.

business park sofiya station business park sofiya metro station () bulgariako sofiya metroma raheko euta station how. yasale 8 mey 2015 maa sanchalan suru suru. anya sarvajanik yatayatsanga adanpradan garnuhos. bus sewaah 76,111,314,413, sofiya ring mull bus sthan. business park sofiya metro station business park sofiya najikai awasthit chha rar yasale mladost 4 awas estetlai sewa dinchha.

byabasajika park sophia station business park sophia metro station () bulgariar sophia metrore eka station . ehaa 8 meey 2015 ray karjya arambha karithila. anya sarbajaneena paribahana sahita binimai karantu. bus sebah 76,111,314,413, sophia ringa mull bus sthana. byabasajika park sophia metro station byabasajika park sophia nikatare abasthita ebong ehaa mladost 4 hausing istetaku seba pradan kare .

busions park sofia station busions park sofia metro station () bulgaria witch sofia metro utte ikk station haii. iss neey 8 maee 2015 noon kamm karna shuru keeta see. horr jantak aavajai naal adaan-pardan crow. buss sevaau 76,111,314,413, sophia ring maal buss sathaan. busions park sofia metro station busions park sofia dey nede sathit haii atey ih mlodost 4 housing astet dee seva karda haii.

vyavasaay-udyaanam sofiyaa-sthanakam bisiness paark sofiyaa metro-sthanakam () bulgaria-deshasya sofiyaa-metro-nagarasya ekam sthanakam asti. 2015 mey 8 dinaanke asya kaaryam aarabdham. anyaih saarwajanik-parivahanaihi saha adanapradanam. bus-sewaah 76,111,314,413, sofiyaa ring maal bus sthaanam. bisiness paark sofiyaa metro-sthanakam bisiness paark sofiyaa ityasya sameepe sthitam asti, tathaa cha mladost-4 aawaas-kshetrasya sevaa karoti.

vaniga poongaa sofia nilaiyam vaniga poongaa sofia metro nilaiyam () enbathu bulgariavil ulla sofia metrovil ulla oru nilaiyamaagum. idhu 8 mae 2015 andru seyalpadath thodangiyathu. pira podhup poakkuvaraththudan parimaattram. paerunthu sevaif 76,111,314,413, sofia ring maall paerunthu idam. vaniga poongaa sofia metro nilaiyam vaniga poongaa sofia arugae amainthullathu mattrum mladost 4 veettuvasathi thoattaththirku saevai seikirathu.

business park sofiya station business park sofiya metro station () bulgarialoni sofiya metroloni oka station. idhi 8 mae 2015naa karyakalapalu praarambhinchindi. itara praja ravaanaatoe marpidi. bassu servies 76,111,314,413, sofiya ring maall bassu sthaanam. business park sofiya metro station business park sofiya sameepamlo undhi mariyu idhi maldost 4 housing estateku sevalu andistundi.

buznis paark sufiyah station buznis paark sufiyah metro station () balgharia mein sufiyah metro parr eek station hay. iss nay 8 mayee 2015 kuu kaam sharoo kiyaa. deegar awami nql woo hamal kay saath tabadlah. buss saros: 76yee 111yee 314yee 413yee sufiyah rung maal buss maqaam. buznis paark sufiyah metro station buznis paark sufiyah kay qareeb waaqa hay aur muldost 4 housing steat kii khadmat kartaa hay.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33569116

Ticket fixing

Ticket fixing Ticket fixing is a practice in which a public official destroys or dismisses a pending traffic ticket as a favor to a friend or family member. For example, police officers in a number of jurisdictions have been charged with destroying pending tickets at the request of other officers. Judges have also been accused of ticket fixing. Some police officers consider it a "professional courtesy" extended to friends and relatives of police officers. However, the practice is unpopular with the general public, and is illegal in most jurisdictions. United States. Allegations of ticket fixing have cropped up for decades in jurisdictions around the United States, including Georgia, Alabama, New York City, and San Diego. In 1986, officers of the Georgia State Patrol faced charges of ticket fixing. In 1999, an investigation revealed widespread ticket-fixing in Alabama. In 2004, Santa Clara County judge William Danser faced charges of fixing tickets and reducing drunk driving sentences for "South Bay athletes, golfing buddies and friends of friends." On October 27, 2011, at least 11 New York police officers were charged with offenses related to ticket fixing. Three clerks in the San Francisco government faced ticket fixing accusations in 2012. Two police officers were charged with ticket fixing in Garden Grove, CA, in 2012. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

tikot thik koraa tikot fixing hoise ene ek protha zo 'too ejon rajohuwa bixoyajone bondhu baa poriyalor xodosyor onugroho hisape baaki thoka trephic tikot dhongxo baa nakoch kore. udahoronsworupe, aan bixoyaxokolor onurudhot baaki thoka tikot dhongxo korar baabe keibatau khyetror aarokhyi bixoyaxokolok obhijukto koraa hoise. nyayadhixxokolor uporotu tikot thik korar obhijug utthapon koraa hoise. kisuman aarokhyi bixoyaxokole iyak bondhu aaru aarokhyi bixoyaxokolor aatmiyoxokolor baabe prosarito ek "pesadari xoujonyota" buli bibesona kore. obosye, ei prothatu xadharon jonoxadharonor maajot opopriyo, aaru besibhag khetrokhyetrot oboidho. aamerika juktorastro. georgia, alabama, nework sohor, aaru chaan daiguke dhori aamerika juktorastror sariufale doxok doxok dhori tikot fixingor obhijug utthapon hoi aahise. 1986 sonot georgia rajyik toholor bixoyaxokole tikot thik korar obhijugor xonmukhin hoisil. 1999 sonot ek todontot alabamat byapok tikot-fixingor kotha prokax paisil. 2004 sonot, xanta clara countyr nyayadhix uilium densere "sauth bey kheluwoi, golfor bondhu aaru bondhuborgor bondhuxokolor baabe tikot thik koraa aaru xurapan kori gaari soluwar xasti hraax korar obhijugor xonmukhin hoisil."2011 sonor 27 octoborot, komeu 11 john nework aarokhyi bixoyar biruddhe tikot fixing xomporkiyo oporadhor obhijug utthapon koraa hoisil. 2012 sonot chaan francisco sorkaror ejon karikor tikot fixingor obhijugor xonmukhin hoisil. 2012 sonot dujon aarokhyi bixoyar biruddhe garden grove, chi. e.-too tikot fixingor obhijug utthapon koraa hoisil.

ticket fixing ticket fixing holl emon ekti protha jekhane ekjon sarkari kormokorta konao bondhu baa poribarer sadasyer onugroho hisabe ekti bakeya traphika ticket dhongso baa khariz korey deyo. udahoronsorup, anyanno kormokortader anurodhe besh koyekti ekhtiar pulish kormokortader biruddhe bakeya ticket dhongso korar abhijog aanaa hoyeche. bicharokder biruddhe ticket thhik korar abhijogo royeche. kichhu pulish officer etike pulish officerder bondhu ebong atmiyader jonno ekti "peshadar saujanya" hisabe bibechona corren. tobey, eyi anushilanti sadharan jonogoner kachhe apriya ebong beshirbhag ekhtiare aboidho. markin juktorashtro. georgia, alabama, neu eork city ebong shaan diago soho markin juktorashtrer ashepasher ekhtiare koyek doshok dhorey ticket fixingyer abhijog utheche. 1986 saale georgia rajyer tohol kormokortader ticket thhik korar abhijoger mukhomukhi hotey hoy. 1999 saale, ekti todonte alabama byapok ticket-fixing prokashito hoy. 2004 saale, santa clara county bicharok uilium dancer ticket thhik korar ebong "dakkhin beey kridavid, golph bondhu ebong bondhuder bondhuder jonno matal drivinger saja komanor abhijoger mukhomukhi mukhomukhi octobor, 2011-ayee, kompokkhe 11 john neu eork pulish officerke ticket fixing somporkito aporadher jonno abhijukto koraa hoyechilo. 2012 saale shaan francisco sarkarer ekjon kerani ticket fixingyer abhijoger mukhomukhi hohn. 2012 saale dui pulish officerke garden grovey ticket fixingyer abhijoge abhijukto koraa hoy.

ticket fixing ticket fixing aee aek aevee prathaa chhe jemaa jaaher adheekari koee mitra athavaa parivaarnaa sabhyani tarfen tareeke baakee rahelee traphiqa tikitno naash karey chhe athavaa tene bartaraf karey chhe. udaaharan tareeke, sankhyaabandh adhikarkshetroma police adheekario parr anya adhikarioni vinanti parr baakee tikitono naash karvaano aarop mukvaamaa aavyo chhe. nyayadhisho parr ticket fixingno pann aarop mukvaamaa aavyo chhe. ketlaak police adheekario tene police adheekariona mitro aneey sambandhio maate "vyaavsaayik saujanya" maane chhe. jooe keey, aaa prathaa saamanya lokomaa apreey chhe, aneey motabhagna adhikarkshetroma gerkaydesar chhe. united states. georgia, alabama, nyu york ciity aneey seena diyego saheet united statesnee aaspasna adhikarkshetroma ticket fixingna aakshepo daaykaaothi saame aavyaa chhe. 1986maan, georgia rajyanaa petrolingnaa adheekarione ticket fixingna aaropono saamno karvo padyo hato. 1999maan, aek tapasma alabamama vyaapak ticket-fixingno khulaso thayo hato. 2004maan, saanta clara kaauntinaa nyayadhish veeliyam densorne ticket fixes karvaanaa aneey "south beey athlets, goalfing mitro aneey meetrona mitro maate nashaama drivingni sajaa ghatadvana aaropono saamno karvo padyo hato."27 october, 2011naa roj, ochhama ochha 11 newyork police adheekario parr ticket fixing sambandhit gunaaono aarop mukvaamaa aavyo hato. saana francisco sarkarma aek kaarkunne 2012maan ticket fixingna aaropono saamno karvo padyo hato. beey police adheekario parr 2012maan bagichaanaa upavanmaa ticket fixingno aarop mukvaamaa aavyo hato.

tikat fixes karna tikat fixing ack aisee pratha haye jisamen ack saarvajanik adhikaari kissy mitra yaa parivaar key sadasya key paksh mein lambit traffic tikat koo nasht curr detaa haye yaa khariz curr detaa haye. udaaharan key liye, kaee adhikaar kshetron mein pulis adhikaariyon parr anya adhikaariyon key anurodh parr lambit tikaton koo nasht karane kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa haye. nyayadhishon parr tikat fixing kaa bhee aarop lagaaya gayaa haye. kuchh pulis adhikaari ise pulis adhikaariyon key doston aur rishtedaron key liye ack "peshevar shishtachar" maanate hain. haalaanki, yeh pratha aam janata key saath alokpriya haye, aur adhikansh kshetradhikaron mein avaidh haye. sanyukt raajya america. georgia, alabama, newyork shahar aur saine diego sahit sanyukt raajya america key aspas key kshetradhikaron mein tikat fixing key aarop dashakon seey saamane aaa rahey hain. 1986 mein georgia raajya gashti key adhikaariyon koo tikat fixing key aaropon kaa saamana karna padaa. 1999 mein, ack jaanch mein alabama mein vyaapak tikat-fixing kaa khulasa huaa. 2004 mein, saanta clara county key nyayadhish villium dancer koo tikat taya karane aur "dakshin khaadi key athletes, golfing doston aur doston key doston key liye nashe mein gaadi chalaane kii sajaa koo cumm karane key aaropon kaa saamana karna padaa."27 octuber, 2011 koo cumm seey cumm 11 newyork pulis adhikaariyon parr tikat fixing seey sambandhit apraadhon kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa. saine francisco sarkaar mein ack clerk koo 2012 mein tikat fixing key aaropon kaa saamana karna padaa. dou pulis adhikaariyon parr 2012 mein garden grove, caa mein tikat fixing kaa aarop lagaaya gayaa thaa.

ticket fixes ticket fixing ennuvudu saarvajanika adhikariyu baaki iruva trophic ticket annu sneehita athawa kutumbada sadasyara paravagi naashapadisuva athawa vajagolisuva abhyaasavaagide. udaaharanege, itara adhikaarigala korikeya merege baaki iruva tiketgalannu naashapadisida aaropavannu halavaaru nyayavyaptigalallina police adhikaarigala mele horisalaagide. nyayadhishara mele ticket fixing aaropavoo ide. kelavu police adhikaarigalu idannu sneehitaru mattu police adhikaarigala sambandhikarige niidalaada "vruttipara saujanya" endu pariganisuttaare. aadaagyoo, ee abhyaasavu saarvajanikaralli janapriyavagilla mattu hecchina nyayavyaptigalalli kaanunubaahiravaagide. united states. georgia, alabama, newyork nagara mattu syaan diego seridante united statesna suttamuttalina nyayavyaptigalalli ticket fixingna aaropagalu dasakagalinda kelibaruttive. 1986ralli, georgia rajyada gastu adhikaarigalu ticket fixing aaropagalannu edurisidaru. 1999ralli nadeda tanikheyondaralli alabaamaadalli vyaapakavaagi ticket-fixing nadediruvudannu bahirangapadisalaayitu. 2004ralli, saantaa clara kaunti nyayadhisha vilium dancer avaru tiketgalannu nigadipadisida mattu kudidu vaahana chalaayisida aaropagalannu "daksina bay kridapatugalu, galph sneehitaru mattu sneehitara sneehitarige" kadime maadida aaropagalannu edurisidaru."october 27,2011 randu, kanishta 11 newyork police adhikaarigala mele ticket fixingge sambandhisida aparadhagala aaropa horisalaayitu. syaan francisco sarkaarada gumastarobbaru 2012ralli ticket fixing aaropagalannu edurisidaru. 2012ralli ibbaru police adhikaarigala mele garden grove, cnl ticket fixing aaropa horisalaayitu.

ticket fixing oru pothu udyogasthan oru suhruthino kudumbaamgatthino upakaaramaayi theerppaakkaatha traaphik ticket nasippikkukayo thallikkalayukayo cheiyunna oru sanbradaayamaanu ticket fixing. udaaharanathinu, mattu udyogastharude abhyarthana maanich theerppaakkaatha tikkattukal nasippichathinu niravadhi adhikaaraparidhiyilulla police udyogastharkkethire keseduthittundu. ticket sthireekaranathinum jadjimarkkethire keseduthittundu. chila police udyogasthar ithu police udyogastharude suhruthukkalodum bandhukkalkkum nalkia "professional maryada" yaayi kanakkakkunnu. ennirunnaalum, eee sambradaayam pothujanagalkkidayil janapreeti nedaathathum mikka adhikaaraparidhiyilum niyamavirudhavumaanu. america. jorjia, alabama, newyork sitti, saan diego ennivayulppede amerikkayude adikaaraparidhiyil pathittaandukalaayi ticket fixing aropanangal uyarnnuvarunnundu. 1986ll jorjia stettu patrollingile udyogasthar ticket sthireekarana kuttam nerittu. 1999ll nadanna anweshanathil alabamayil vyapakamaaya ticket othutheerppu nadannathaayi velippettu. 2004ll santa clara kaundi jadji vilyam dancer ticket nischayikkukayum southu bay athlattukalkkum goalf suhruthukkalkkum suhruthukkalude suhruthukkalkkum madyapichu vaahanamodichathinu shiksha kuraykkukayum cheythu."2011 october october kuranjathu 11 newyork police udyogastharkkethire ticket sthireekaranavumaayi bandhapetta kuttangal chumatthi. 2012ll saan francisco sarkkaarile oru clark ticket fixing aropanangal nerittu. 2012ll rund police udyogastharkkethire garden grovil ticket fixing kuttam chumatthi.

tikit durusti tikit nishchit karane hii eka pratha aahe jyamadhye sarvajanik adhikari ekhadya mitra kinwa kutumbatil sadasyachi madat mhanoon pralambit rahdari tikit nasht karato kinwa fetalato. udaharanarth, anek adhikarkshetranmadhil police police itar itar vinantivarun pralambit tikite nasht kelyacha aarop karnyat aala aahe. nyayadhishanvar tikit fixingche aaropahi karnyat aale aahet. kahee police adhikari yala police police mitra aanee natevaikanna dilela 'vyavsayik saujanya' manatat. tathapi, hii pratha samanya lokanmadhye apriy aahe aanee bahutek adhikarkshetranmadhye bekaydeshir aahe. united states. georgia, alabama, newyork shahar aanee sann diegosah united stateschya adhikarkshetrat tikit fixingche aarop anek dashakanpasun samore aale aahet. 1986 madhye georgia rajyachya gast police tikit nishchit karnyachya aaropancha samna karava lagla. 1999 madhye, eka tapasat alabamamadhye tikit-fixingcha vyapak khulasa jhaala. 2004 madhye, santa clara kauntiche nyayadhish william dancer yanchyavar tikit nishchit karane aanee 'dakshin khadiche kheladu, golfche mitra aanee mitranchya mitransathi' daruchya nashet vahan chalavanyachi shiksha qamee kelyacha aarop hota."27 aktoobar 2011 roji kiman 11 newyork police police tikit fixingshee sambandhit gunhyancha aarop thevanyat aala. sann francisco sarkarmadhil eka karkunala 2012 madhye tikit fixingchya aaropanna samore jaave lagale. 2012 madhye done police police garden grove, see. aii. madhye tikit fixingcha aarop thevanyat aala.

tikat fixes garne tikat fixing euta yasto abhyas how jasma sarvajanik adhikarile sathi wa pariwarka sadasyako pakshama raheko trafic tikatlai nashta wa kharez gardacha. udaharanka lagi, dherai kshetradhikarka prahari adhikariharulai anya adhikariharuko anurodhma baanki tikatharu nashta gareko arop lagaieko chha. nyayadhishharumathi tikat fixes gareko arop pani lagaieko chha. kehi prahari adhikariharule yasalai prahari adhikariharuka sathiharu rar afantaharuka lagi wistarit "wyawasayik shishtachar" manchan. yadyapi, yo abhyas aam janatama alokpriya chha, rar dheraijaso kshetradhikarharuma awaidh chha. sanyukta rajya america. georgia, alabama, newyork sahar rar saan digosahit sanyukta rajya america warparka kshetradhikarharuma tikat fixingko arop dashakaundekhi utheko chha. sann 1986 maa georgia rajya gastika adhikariharule tikat fixingko aropko samana garnupareko thiyo. sann 1999 maa, ek anusandhanle alabamama wyapak tikat-fixing bhaeko khulasa garyo. sann 2004 maa, santa clara countyka nyayadhish william dancerle tikat fixes garne rar "south bey ethlitharu, galfaka sathiharu rar sathiharuka sathiharuka lagi raksi piera driving garne sajaya ghataune aropko samana gare."october 27,2011 maa, kamtima 11 newyork prahari adhikariharulai tikat fixingsanga sambandhit aparadhko arop lagaieko thiyo. saan francisco sarkarka ekjana clerkle sann 2012 maa tikat fixingko aropko samana garnupareko thiyo. sann 2012 maa dui zana prahari adhikarimathi bagainchako grobh, siema tikat fixingko arop lagaieko thiyo.

ticket fixing ticket fixing heuchhi eka abhyasa jeunthire jane sarkari adhikari jane bandhu kimba paribara sadasyanka anugraha bhabare eka bakeja traphik ticket nust karanti kimba kharaj karanti . udaharana swaroopa, anya adhikarinka anurodha krame aneka nyajika khetrare thiba police adhikarimananka birodhare bakeja thiba ticket nust kariba abhijoga anajaichi. bicharapatimane madhya ticket fixing karithiba abhijoga hoichhi. kichhi police adhikari ehaaku police adhikarinka bandhu ebong samparkeejanka prati prasarita eka "bruttigata saujanya" bolly bibechana karanti . tebe, ehi abhyasa sadharana janatanka paain apriya, ebong adhikansha nyajika khetrare beaina . america. georgia, alabama, nyujarka sahara ebong shaan digo sameth juktarastra americara akhpakh anchalare dashandhi dashandhi dhari ticket fixing abhijoga uthichhi . 1986 masihare, georgia rajya patroller adhikarimane ticket fixing abhijogara sammukheen hoithile. 1999 masihare, eka anusandhanaru alabamare byapaka ticket fixing prakash paithila. 2004 masihare, santa clara county bicharapati william dancer ticket fixing ebong "south bay athlet, galphing bandhu ebong bandhunka bandhunka paain madyapana curry gaadi chalaiba dandadesh hrass kariba abhijogara sammukheen hoithile."october 27,2011 ray, atikamre 11 john nyujarka police adhikarinku ticket fixing sambandheeah aparadha paain abhijukta karajaithila. 2012ray shaan francisco sarakaranka jane kirani ticket fixing abhijogara sammukheen hoithile. 2012ray dui john police adhikari garden grobh, siere ticket fixing abhijogare abhijukta hoithile.

ticket fixing ticket fixing ikk abhiaas haii jiss witch ikk jantak adhikari ikk dosat jaan parivaar dey member dey pakkh witch ikk lambit traephik ticket noon nasht jaan khaaraj qarr dinda haii. udaharan dey laee, kaee adhikar khetran witch pulis adhikariaan utte horr adhikariaan dee benati utte lambit tikatan noon nasht curran daa dosh lagaiaa giaa haii. jajjan utte ticket fixing daa vee dosh lagaiaa giaa haii. kujh pulis adhikari iss noon pulis adhikariaan dey dostan atey rishtedaran laee ikk "peshevar shishtachar" mannade hunn. halanki, ih abhiaas aam janata witch alokpriya haii, atey ziaadaatar adhikar khetran witch gair kanunni haii. sanyukat raaj amrica. georgia, alabama, newyork shehar atey sainn digo samet sanyukat raaj dey aale-duaale dey adhikar khetran witch ticket fixing dey dosh dahakiaan toon sahmane aaa rahey hunn. 1986 witch georgia raaj gashti dey adhikariaan noon ticket fixing dey doshan daa sahmana karna piaa. sann 1999 witch, ikk jaanch witch alabama witch ticket fixing daa khulasa hoiaa. sann 2004 witch, saanta kalara kaoonti dey jajj viliam dancer noon tikatan fixes curran atey "dakkhni beey dey athleetan, goalfing dostan atey dostan dey dostan laee sharab pee keey gaddi chalaun dee sazaa noon ghataun dey doshan daa sahmana karna piaa."27 aktubar, 2011 noon ghatto-ghatt 11 newyork pulis adhikariaan utte ticket fixing naal sabandhat apradhan daa dosh lagaiaa giaa see. sainn francisco sarkaar witch ikk clerk noon 2012 witch ticket fixing dey doshan daa sahmana karna piaa. doou pulis adhikariaan utte 2012 witch garden grove, see. aii. witch ticket fixing daa dosh lagaiaa giaa see.

tikat-nirdhaaranam tiket-fixing iti prathaa asti yasmin saarwajanikah adhikaari bandhunah parivaarasya sadasyasy vaa upakararupena pralambitam traaphik-tiket nashkaroti athavaa niraakrutavaan. yathaa, anyaanaam adhikarinam anurodhena, anekeshu adhikaarakshetreshu arakshakadhikarinaha pralambita-tiket-nashtasy aaropah krutah asti. nyayadhishaha api tiket-sthirikaranasya aropitaha santi. kechan arakshakadhikarinaha etat arakshakadhikarinam mitranam, parijanah cha krute "vyaavasaayik-saujanyam" iti manyante. parantu, eshaa prathaa samanyajanaihi aprasiddham asti, adhikaamsheshu adhikaarakshetreshu cha avaidham asti. samyuktaraajyam. georgia, alabama, nyuyaark-nagaram, syaan-diyego ityadini samyuktarajyamerika-deshasya parikshetreshu, dashakaabhyah poorvam, tiket-fixing ityasya aaropah udbhootaah santi. 1986 tame varshe georgia-rajyasya gastee-adhikaarinah, tiket-sthirikaranasya aropan sammukheekarot. 1999 tame varshe, ekaa anusandhaane alabama-nagare vyaapak-tiket-fixing iti prakateekrutam. 2004 tame varshe santa clara-kaunti-nyayadhishaha vilium daansarah, "dakshina-bey-kridapatunam, golf-kreedaayaah mitranam, mitranam cha krute, tiket-nirdhaaranasy, madyapaanena vaahanachaalanam nyooneekartum cha aropan sammukhikrutavan."2011 october 27 dinaanke nyooyaark-nagarasya nyunatinyoonam 11 arakshakadhikarinam upari tiket-sthirikaranasambaddhanam aparadhanam abhiyogah krutah. syaan-francisco-sarvakaarasya ekaha lipikah 2012 tame varshe tiket-sthirikaranasya aropan sammukhikrutavan. 2012 tame varshe garden-grove, see. e. ityatra dwau aarakshak-adhikaarinah tiket-sthirikaranasya aropam praaptavantah.

dickett sariseithal dickett fixing enbathu oru podhu adhigaari oru nanbar allathu kudumba uruppinarukku oru aatharavaaka niluvaiyil ulla poakkuvaraththu dickettai azhikkum allathu thallupadi seiyum oru nadaimuraiyaagum. uthaaranamaaga, pala athikaara varambugalil ulla bolees athikaarikal mattra athikaarigalin vaendukoalin paeril niluvaiyil ulla dickettukalai azhiththathaaga kuttram saattappattullanar. dickett sariseithathaagavum neethipathigal meethu kuttram saattappattullathu. sila bolees athikaarikal idhai bolees athikaarigalin nanbarkal mattrum uravinargalukku valangkappatta oru "thozhilmurai mariyaathai" endru karudhugindranar. iruppinum, inththa nadaimurai podhu makkalidaiyae pirabalamattrathu, maelum perumpaalaana athikaara varambugalil sattaviroathamaanathu. aikkiya america. georgia, alabama, newyorg nagaram mattrum chaan tiago ullitta americavaich suttriyulla athikaara varambugalil dickett sariseithal kuttrachchaattugal pala thasaapthankalaaka ezhunththullana. 1986 aam aandil, georgia maanila roanthu athikaarikal dickett sariseithal kuttrachchaattugalai ethirkondanar. 1999 aam aandil, oru visaaranaiyil alapaamaavil paravalaana dickett-pixing theriyavanthathu. 2004 aam aandil, sanda clara kavundi neethipathi villiyam dancer dickettukalai sariseithathu mattrum "therku pae vilayaattu veerargal, goalf nanbarkal mattrum nanbarkalin nanbarkalukku kudipoathaiyil vaaganam oottuvatharkaana thandanaigalaik kuraittha kuttrachchaattugalai ethirkondaar."october 27,2011 andru, kurainthathu 11 newyorg bolees athikaarikal dickett sariseithal thodarpaana kuttrangalukkaaga kuttram saattappattanar. chaan francisco arasaangkaththil oru ezhuththar 2012 aam aandil dickett sariseithal kuttrachchaattugalai ethirkondaar. irandu bolees athikaarikal 2012 aam aandil thoatta thoappil dickett sariseithathaaga kuttram saattappattanar.

ticket fixes ticket fixing anedi oka praja adhikari pendinglo unna traaphik tiketnu snehitudiki ledhaa kutumba sabhyuniki anukuulamgaa naasanam chese ledhaa tolaginche paddhati. udaaharanaku, itara adhikaarula abhyardhana meraku pendinglo unna tikketlanu naasanam chesinanduku aneka adhikara paridhulalooni pooliisu adhikaarulapai abhiyogaalu moparu. nyaayamuurtulu kooda ticket fixing chesinatlu aaropanalu vachayi. kontamandi pooliisu adhikarulu dheenini snehitulu mariyu pooliisu adhikaarula bandhuvulaku andinchina "vruttiparamaina maryaada" gaa bhaavistaaru. ayithe, eee aacharam saadhaarana prajalalo janaadarana pondaledu, mariyu chaalaa adhikara paridhulalo chattaviruddham. united states. georgia, alabama, newyork nagaram mariyu shaan diogo sahaa united states chuttoo unna adhikara paridhiloo dasabdaluga ticket fixing aaropanalu vachayi. 1986loe georgia rashtra gastee adhikarulu ticket fixing aaropanalanu edurkonnaru. 1999loe jarigina oka daryaptulo alabamalo vistrutamgaa ticket fixing jariginatlu velladaindi. 2004loe, shanta clara county nyaayamuurti vilium dancer tikketlanu fixes chesinanduku mariyu "south bay athletlu, golph snehitulu mariyu snehitula snehitulaku" madyam sevinchi driving sikshalanu tagginchinanduku aaropanalanu edurkonnaru."october 27,2011naa, kaneesam 11 mandhi newyork pooliisu adhikaarulapai ticket fixingku sambandhinchina neeraalaku paalpadinatlu abhiyogaalu moparu. shaan francisco prabhutvamlo oka gumasta 2012loe ticket fixing aaropanalanu edurkonnadu. 2012loe iddaru pooliisu adhikaarulapai garden grove, CAloe ticket fixing abhiyogaalu moparu.

ticket kii fixing ticket fixing eek aisa amal hay jiss mein eek sarkaari ahalkaar kasee dost yaa khaandaan kay fard kay haqh mein zeer altawaa trafic ticket kuu tabaah yaa mustarid kirr deeta hay. misaal kay toor parr mutadid dairah akhtiyar mein police afsaran parr dosray afsaran kii darkhwast parr zeer altawaa tikton kuu tabaah karnay kaa alzaam aayed kiyaa gayaa hay. jajon parr ticket fixing kaa alzaam bhee lagaya gayaa hay. kachh police afsaran asay police afsaran kay doston aur rishtah daaron kay liye eek "paishah waranah shayestagi" samajhte haine. tahim yaha amal aam logon kay liye ghair maqbool hay aur ziyadah tarr dairah akhtiyar mein ghair qanuni hay. riyasathaye muthadah. jarjiya alabama neoyork shehar aur saan diyago sameet riyasathaye muthadah kay dairah akhtiyar mein kayee dahayiyon say ticket fixing kay alzamaat saamney aarhay haine. 1986 mein jarjiya kay riyasati gasht kay afsaran kuu ticket fixing kay alzamaat kaa saamna karnaa padaa. 1999 mein eek tehqiqat mein alabama mein baday paimanay parr ticket fixing kaa inkshaf hawaa. 2004 mein saanta klara county kay jajj waleem densor kuu ticket tay karnay aur "saoth bay athletes golfing doston aur doston kay doston kay liye nashay mein driving kii sazaon kuu kumm karnay kay alzamaat kaa saamna karnaa padaa."27 aktobar 2011 kuu kumm az kumm 11 neoyork police afsaran parr ticket fixing say mutaliq jaraim kaa alzaam aayed kiyaa gayaa. saan francesco hukumat mein eek clerk kuu 2012 mein ticket fixing kay alzamaat kaa saamna karnaa padaa. duu police afsaran parr 2012 mein guarden grove see aey mein ticket fixing kaa alzaam aayed kiyaa gayaa thaa.

000175d431b163f4d69c4e5cd52643e55f60d5fdf8680d39dcbdb1e88be6be07

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=26828123

TTA Airlink

TTA Airlink TTA Airlink was a joint venture of Mozambican airline TTA Empresa Nacional de Transporte e Trabalho Aéreo and South African airline Airlink. They started providing service between Johannesburg and Maputo in February 2010, using an Avro RJ85 leased from Airlink. There are also plans to offer domestic flights within Mozambique.Also now they have expanded to Tetes Chingozi Airport and also Beira Airport on March 15 and to Nampula The airline has since gone out of business. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

tta airlink tta airlink aasil mujambikan airline tta empress nacional di trensp "rte ee trabalhu eriu aaru dokhyin african airline airlinkor ek jutiya udyug. teuluke 2010 sonor february maahot erolingkor poraa ijara diya ebharu aaroje85 byobohar kori johannesburg aaru maputur maajot xewa prodan koriboloi aarombho korisil. mujambikor bhitorot ghoruwa biman xewa aagborhuwar porikolponau aase.etiya xeibur 15 marchot tetes singuji bimanbondor aaru beira bimanbondor aaru nampulaloi xomproxarito koraa hoise. tetiyar poraa biman poribohon companytur byoboxai bondho hoi goise.

tta airlink tta airlink chhilo mozambikan airline tta empressa national dii transporte ee trabalo areo ebong dakkhin african airline airlinker ekti joutho uddog. taaraa 2010 saaler februaryte johannesburg ebong maputor modhye porisheba pradan shuru korey, airlink theke izara deoa avro avro byabohar korey. mojambiker modhye abhyantarin udan sarbaraha korar parikalpanao royeche.echhadao ekhon taaraa 15ee march tates chingozi bimanbandar ebong beira bimanbandar ebong nampula porjonto prosarito hoyeche. err porr theke biman sangosthati byabosar baire choley geche.

tta airlink tta airlink aee mosambican airline tta empressa nacional dii transporte ee trabalo erio aneey dakshin african airline airlinknu sanyukt saahas hatoo. temane februari februari johannesburg aneey meputo vachche airlink pasethi liz parr aapvama aavela aevaro aevaro upyog kareene sevaa aapvaanu sharoo karyoo hatoo. mosambicni andar sthaaneek udaanoni ofara karvaanee pann yojnaa chhe.havey teo 15 marche tatus chingozhi airport aneey beira airport aneey nampula sudhee vistaran curry chookya chhe. tyaarthi airline vyavsaay bundh thaee gayo chhe.

tii. tii. aeye. airlink tii. tii. aeye. airlink mosambican airline tii. tii. aeye. empressa nacional dee transporte ee. trableho ario aur dakshin african airline airlink kaa ack sanyukt udyam thaa. unhone farwari 2010 mein johannesburg aur maputo key beach seva pradaan karna shuru kiya, jisamen airlink seey patte parr diye gaye evro aarje85 kaa upayog kiya gayaa. mosambic key bheetar gharelu udaanon kii peshkash karane kii bhee yojana haye.abb way 15 march koo tatus chingoji havaai adde aur beeraa havaai adde aur nampula taka bhee vistaarit hoe gaye hain. taba seey airline vyavasaay seey baahar hoe gaee haye.

tii. tii. aa. air link tta airlink mozambican airline tta empressa national dii transportay ii trabalho airio mattu daksina aafrikaada airline airlinkna junty udyamavaagittu. avaru 2010rahra phebravariyalli johannesburg mattu maputo naduve seveyannu odagisalu praarambhisidaru, vimaana samparkadinda guttigege padeda avro arge85 annu balasi. mojambiknolage deshiya vimaanagalannu odagisuva yojanegalu ive.eega avugalannu march 15randu tetes chingoji vimaana nildaana mattu baira vimaana nildaana mattu nampulagalavarege vistarisalaagide. andininda vimanayana samstheyu vyavahaaradinda horagulidide.

tii. tii. eiii airlink mosambican airline tii. tii. eiii empressa naashanal dii transport iii trabalho eriyoyudeyum southu aafrikkan airline airlinkinteyum samyuktha samrambhamaayirunnu tii. tii. eiii airlink. 2010 februvariyil avar airlingle ninnu paattatthinu edutha avro arje85 upayogichu johannesburghin maputtoikkum idayil sevanam nalkaan thudangi. mosambikkinullil aabhyanthara vimana sarveesukal nadatthaanum padhathiyundu.ippol avaa march 15nuu tettes chingosi vimaanathaavalathilekkum beyira vimaanathaavalathilekkum nampulayilekkum vyapippichu. athinusesham airline bisinessil ninnu purathaayi.

tii. tii. aii. vimanseva tii. tii. aii. airlink haah mosambican viman company tii. tii. aii. empressa national dii transporte eae trabalho erio aanee dakshin aafriketil viman company airlinkcha sanyukt upkram hota. tyanni februwari 2010 madhye johannesburg aanee maputo darmyan seva puravanyas suruvat kelee, jyat tyanni vimanseva kampanikadoon bhadyane dilelya evro evro chaa vapar keela. mozambikmadhye deshantargat uddane deu karnyachihi yojana aahe.aata tyancha vistar 15 march roji tatus chingozhi vimantal aanee beera vimantal aanee nampula paryant karnyat aala aahe tevhapasoon viman company vyavasayatun baher padali aahe.

tta airlink tta airlink mosambican airlines tta ampressa national day transporte eae trabalo ario rar dakshin africi airlines airlinko sanyukta udyam thiyo. uniharule february 2010 maa johannesburg rar maputo beach sewa pradan garna thale, airlinkbata bhadama diieko ebhro araje85 prayog garera. mojambikbhitra gharelu udanharu prastawa garne yojana pani chha.ab pani tiniharule 15 marchma tatus chingoji airport rar beira airport rar namapulama wistar gareka chhan. tyasapachhi airlines wyaparbata bahira bhaeko chha.

tta ejaralink tta ejaralink mosambican airline tta empressa national dii transporte ee traballo aareo ebong dakhina african airline ejaralinkara eka milita udyoga thila . semane februari 2010 ray johannesburg ebong maputo madhyare seba pradan kariba arambha karithile, ejaralinkaru lijare diajaithiba aabhro aabhro byabahara curry. mojambika madhyare gharoi biman seba pradan karibara madhya yojana rahichhi.ebe madhya semane march march tetes chingoji bimanbandar ebong beira bimanbandar ebong nampula parjyanta samprasarana karichanti. ehaa parey biman chalachala banda hoijaichhi.

tii. tii. aii. airlink tii. tii. aii. airlink mosembican airline tii. tii. aii. ampressa national dee transporte ee troubleho erio atey dakkhni african airline airlink daa ikk sanjha uddam see. unhan neey farvari 2010 witch johannesburg atey maputo darmiaan seva pardan karna shuru keeta, jiss witch airlink toon lease utte ditte gaye avro avro dee varton keeti gaee see. mosembic dey ander gharelu udanan dee peshkash curran dee vee yojna haii.hunn unhan daa vistaar 15 march noon tats chingoji havaai adde atey beera havaai adde atey nampula takk vee keeta giaa haii. udon toon airline carobar toon bahr hoow gaee haii.

tea. tea. e. vimana-samparkah tea. tea. e. e. aarlink iti mosambican-vimanayanasya tea. tea. e. empressa nyaashanal day transporte ee trabalho eriyo tathaa dakshina-aafrikan-vimanayanasya samyukta-udyamah aasit. 2010 februvari-maase, vimana-samparkaat lease-dattasy evro aar. jey. 85 ityasya upayogena, te johannesburg-maputo-ityetayoho madhye sevaa pradadat. mosambic-madhye antarikavimanayanani api pradasyatam kartum yojanaa asti.adhunaa te tates chingoji-vimaanasthaanakam, maarch 15 dinaanke bairaa-vimaanasthaanakam, nampula-nagaram cha yaavat vistaaritaah santi. tatah param vimaanayaanasamstha vyaapaaraat bahishkrutah.

dii. dii. aee airlink dda airlink enbathu mosambican airlines dda empressa national dii transporde ii trabalo ario mattrum thennaapirikka airlines airlink aagiyavattrin koottu muyarchiyaagum. avarkal pipravari 2010 ill johannesburg mattrum mabudo idaiyae sevaiyai vazhangkath thodangkinar, vimaana inaippilirunthu kuththagaikku edukkappatta avro aarr. jay. 85 aip payanpaduththi. mosaambikkirkul ullnaattu vimaanangkalai vazhangkavum thittangal ullana.ippoathu avai tedes singhosi vimaana nilaiyam mattrum maarch 15 andru beira vimaana nilaiyam mattrum nambula varai virivupaduththappattulana. adhan piragu vimaana niruvanam vanigaththilirunthu vilagivittathu.

tta air link tta airlink anedi mosambican airline tta empressa national dii transporte ii trabalo areo mariyu south african airline airlink yokka joint venture. vaaru 2010 fibravarilo johannesburg mariyu maputola madhya sevalanu andinchadam praarambhinchaaru, air link nundi leejuku teesukunna avro arje85 nuu upayoginchaaru. mosambic lopala desheeya vimanalanu andinche pranaalikalu kooda unnaayi.ippudu avi marchi 15naa tetes chingoji vimaanaasrayam mariyu biiraa vimaanaasrayaaniki mariyu naampulaaku kooda vistarinchaayi. appati nundi vimanayana samstha vyaparam nundi nishkraminchindi.

tye tye aey aiyar lunk tye tye aey aiyar lunk mosembican aiyar line tye tye aey empressa national ddee transporty ayee trableho airio aur saoth afriqi aiyar line aiyar lunk kaa mushtarkah mansubah thaa. inhon nay faroori 2010 mein johannesburg aur mepoto kay darmiyan saros farahim karnaa sharoo kiyaa jiss mein aiyar lunk say lease parr diye gayey ayoro aar jay 85 kaa istemaal kiyaa gayaa. mozambik kay andar gharilo parwazein paish karnay kaa bhee mansubah hay.abb bhee inhon nay 15 maarch kuu tets changozi hawai aday aur beraa hawai aday aur nampola takk tausia kii hay. iss kay baad say aiyar line karobar say baahir how gayee hay.

00017705274d2e11b57508673aeb6cb7ef8623572b57240ef8c729158a4e9df0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=15933319

Josephus Daniels House

Josephus Daniels House Historic house in North Carolina, United States The Josephus Daniels House, also known as Wakestone, and later the Masonic Temple of Raleigh, was a historic mansion at 1520 Caswell Street in Raleigh, North Carolina. Built in 1920, it was the home until his death in 1948 of Josephus Daniels, Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson, and a major force in the development of the modern 20th-century United States Navy. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. After Daniels' death it was purchased by the local Freemasons, who made additions to the building and continued to use it as their meeting hall into the 21st century. The building was demolished in August 2021 to make way for a new development of high end homes. Description and history. The former Daniels House was named Wakestone by Josephus' wife, Addie Worth Bagley Daniels. It stands in a residential area north of downtown Raleigh, on a landscaped parcel bounded on the east by Glenwood Avenue (United States Route 70), on the south by Wade Avenue, and on the west by Caswell Street, where the main drive enters the property. The property is separated from other residential properties to the north by a hedgerow. The house is oriented facing west, with a curving drive providing access to parking areas to the west and south (formerly the sites of gardens kept by the Danielses). The house is a <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />2+1⁄2-story stone structure, roughly U-shaped, with a rectangular main block and two wings extending eastward to the rear. The area between the two rear wings has been filled in and extended further east with a large meeting space added by the Masons in the 1950s. This addition is built of similar stone to the main house, and does not detract from the view of the house as seen from the front. Wakestone was also described as "the world's smallest naval base". According to local lore, upon his retirement from the Navy Daniels asked that a naval gun be placed in his front yard. In order to complete his request, supposedly, a small part of the property had to be designated as a naval base. While it remained, the gun was located in front of the building's front porch. The front facade of the house is dominated by a four-column neoclassical Greek portico, its columns capped by Egyptian capitals, and supporting a fully pedimented gable. The main entrance is flanked by sidelight windows and pilasters, which rise to an architrave and an iron-balustraded balcony for the second floor. The interior of the house retains many fine finishes, although some of its upstairs bedrooms have been converted into meeting spaces, and much of the eastern outer wall was removed to provide access to the large meeting wing. Josephus Daniels, for whom the house was built in 1920, was one of the most important US Secretaries of the Navy in the 20th century, serving from 1913 to 1921 under President Woodrow Wilson. Daniels brought the Navy to a wartime footing during World War I, and oversaw many improvements and reforms in its operations and practices. He provided educational opportunities for poor and illiterate personnel, provided for the enlistment of women, banned alcohol from the officer's mess, and combatted collusive bidding practices in government contracting. He later served as United States Ambassador to Mexico, where he antagonized American oil interests by refusing to promote their agenda. In February 2021, the Raleigh City Council voted to revoke the property's historic landmark status, reportedly due to its association with Josephus Daniels, the "News & Observer" newspaper and the Wilmington insurrection of 1898. The house was bought on 10 March 2021 by Beacon Street Caswell LLC and was torn down in August 2021. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

jucephus daniels house wakestone namereu jonajat jo 'sephas daniels house, aaru pisoloi reler mesonik mondir, uttor kerulinar reler 1520 keswel streetot thoka ek oitihaxik bhowon aasil. 1920 sonot nirmito, ee 1948 sonot teur mrityur aagoloike rastropoti udor "uilsonor odhinot noubahinir xosibo jo 'sephas danielsor baxosthan aasil, aaru aadhunik 20 xotikar aamerika juktorastror noubahinir unnoyonor ek prodhan xokti aasil. 1976 sonot iyak ek rastriyo oitihaxik ximasinho hisape ghuxona koraa hoisil. danielsor mrityur pisot iyak sthaniyo freemationxokole kroy korisil, jixokole ottalikat xongzujon korisil aaru ekbingxo xotikaloike iyak teulukor mitting holl hisape byobohar kori aasil. 2021 sonor aagosto maahot ottalikatu dhongxo koraa hoisil jaate uscho porzayor ghoror ek notun unnoyonor poth prostut koraa hoy. bornona aaru itihax. prakton danielor ghortur naam wakestone rakhisil juchephasor potni edi warth begli danielse. ee reler downtownor uttore etaa awaxik oncholot, pube glenoud avenue (aamerika juktorastror poth 70), dokhyine wead avenue aaru poschime keswel streetor dwara ximabodho etaa bhu-drishyor parchelot owosthito, zo 'too mool drive xompotitut prowex kore. xompotitu uttor dixot thoka aan awaxik xompotir poraa hejerur dwara prithok koraa hoise. ghortu poschimmukhi, poschim aaru dokhyinoloi parking khetroloi prowexadhikar prodan koraa etaa bokro driver xoite (purbote danielse rokha bagisar sthan). ghortu etaa moholiya xilor gathoni, pray eu-aakritir, etaa ayotakar mool block aaru dutaa daana pubo dixor poraa pisfaloloi bistrito. pisfalor dutaa xakhar maajor oncholtu purboloi puron koraa hoise aaru 1950-ror doxokot rajmistrixokole jug diya ek brihot millon sthanor xoite xomproxarito koraa hoise. ei xongzujontu mool ghoror xoite ekedhoronor xilore nirmito, aaru xonmukhor poraa dekha puwar dore ghoror drishyor poraa bimukh nohoy. wekstonok "biswor ataitkoi xoru nou ghaati" hisapeu bornona koraa hoisil. sthaniyo kingbodonti onuxori, nouxenar poraa owoxor luwar pisot danielxokole teur xonmukhor uthanot etaa nouxenar bonduk rakhiboloi koichil. teur onurudh xompurno koriboloi, onuman koraa hoy je xompotir etaa xoru ongxok nou ghaati hisape monunit koribo logaa hoisil. bonduktu thokar xomoyote, bhowontur xonmukhor pursor xonmukhot aasil. ghoror xonmukhor faale sarita stombhor nobyo-greek poo 'rtikur aadhipotyo aase, iyar stombhobur ijiptor rajdhanir dwara abrito, aaru xompurnorupe pediment gable xomorthon kore. mool probexdwaror kaxot sidelight khiriki aaru pilastar aase, ji etaa architrave aaru dwitiyo moholat luhar balastrade belkonir poraa uporoloi uthe. ghoror bhitorot bohutu xukhmo xomapti aase, jodiu iyar uporor moholat thoka kisuman xuwoni kutha boithokor sthanoloi rupantorit koraa hoise, aaru pubor baahiror dewalor besibhag ongxo aatorai dangor boithokor uingot prowex koriboloi diya hoisil. 1920 sonot jijonor baabe ei ghortu nirman koraa hoisil, teur baabe zusephas daniels bingxo xotikar noubahinir onyotomo guruttopurno aamerika juktorastror xosibo aasil, jiye 1913 sonor poraa 1921 sonoloike rastropoti udoru uilsonor odhinot xewa aagborhaisil. danielxokole prothom biswojudhor xomoyot nou bahineek juddhokalin porzayoloi loi aahisil, aaru iyar karjyokolap aaru onuxilonor bohutu unnoti aaru xongskaror totwawodhan korisil. teu doridro aaru nirokhyor kormosarixokolok xikhyar xujug prodan korisil, mohilar talikabhuktikoronor byowostha korisil, bixoyar mesor poraa xura nixidho korisil, aaru sorkari suktit mill thoka nilamor prothar biruddhe juj disil. pisoloi teu maxicot aamerika juktorastror rastrodut hisape karzonirbah korisil, zo 'too teu aamerikar telor swarthor birudhita kori teulukor agenda prosar koriboloi oswikar korisil. 2021 sonor februaryt raily nogor porixode xompotitur oitihaxik jugantokari morzada protyaharor baabe bhutdan korisil, protibedon onuxori iyar jo 'sephas daniels, "niuj endo oworjarbhar" baatori kakot aaru 1898 sonor wilmington bidruhor xoite xomporko thokar baabe. ghortu 2021 sonor 10 marchot beekon street keswel el. el. chi.-ye kroy korisil aaru 2021 sonor aagostot bhangi peluwa hoisil.

josephus daniels house josephus daniels house, jaa wakstone nameo porichito, ebong porey rally-rawr masnick mondir, uttor caroliner rally-rawr 1520 caswell streete ekti oitihasik prasad chhilo. 1920 saale nirmito, etty rashtrapati udro willsoner adhine naubahinir sachib ebong 20 shotoker adhunik markin juktorashtrer naubahinir unnoyone ekti prodhan shakti josephus danielser 1948 saale taanr mrityur agey porjonto chhilo. 1976 saale etike ekti jatiya oitihasik landmark hisabe ghoshana koraa hoy. danielser mrityur porr etty sthaniya freemasonder dwara croy koraa hoy, jaaraa bhobone sanjojan korey ebong ekbingsho shotabdite etike taader mitting holl hisabe byabohar koraa abyahoto rakhe. uchchomaner baadir notun unnoyoner jonno 2021 saaler auguste bhabanti venge fela hoyechilo. bornona ebong itihas. praktan danieler baadir namkaran korechilen josephuser stree addie worth bagley daniels. etty shahartalir rally shohorer uttore ekti abasik elaka abosthito, purbe glenoud avenue (markin juktorashtrer rutt 70), dakkhine oyeda avenue ebong poschime caswell strita dwara beshtito ekti prakritik drishyer perceler upor, jekhane prodhan drivety probesh korey sampatti. sampattiti ekti hezero dwara uttore anyanno abasik sampatti theke prithak koraa hoy. baditi poschimmukhi, ekti bankano drive soho poschim ebong dakkhine parking elaka probesher byabostha korey (purbe daniels dwara sanrakkhito uddaner sthan). baditi ekti tolaa pathorer kathamo, motamutibhabe eu-akritir, ekti ayatkhetrakar prodhan block ebong duti danna purbo dike pichhon dike prosarito. 1950-err doshke rajmistrider dwara jog koraa ekti borh millon sthaner saathe duti pichoner uingyer modhyoborti anchalti purno koraa hoyeche ebong arow purbo dike prosarito koraa hoyeche. eyi sanjojanti mool baadir anurup pathor diye toiri koraa hoyeche ebong samoner dick theke jemon dekha yaay temon baadir drishya theke bichchinno hoy naa. wakstoneke "bishwer khudrotomo nou ghanti" hisabeo bornona koraa hoyechilo. sthaniya kingbadanti onusare, naubahini theke abosar neoar porr danielra taanr samoner uthone ekti nou banduk rakhar anurodh zanan. taanr anurodh sampurna korar jonno, sombhoboto, sampattir ekti chhoto ongshoke nou ghanti hisabe manoneet korte hoyechilo. bandukti roye geleo, bhabaner samoner barander saamone abosthito chhilo. baadir samoner sommukhbhage ekti chaar-kolamer neoclassical greek portico royeche, err kalamguli mishariya rajdhani dwara abrito ebong ekti sampurna padimentzukto gableke samarthan korey. prodhan probeshdwarti parshoborti janala ebong bhittistambha dwara beshtito, jaa ekti sthapotto ebong dwitiya tolar jonno ekti loha-ballastard balcony porjonto uthhe yaay. baadir abhyantarti onek sukkho samapti dhorey rekheche, jodio err uporer tolar kichhu shayankakkhake mitting spacey rupantarita koraa hoyeche ebong borh mitting uingye probesher jonno purbo bairer prachirer beshirbhag ongsho sariye fela hoyeche. josephus daniels, jaar jonno 1920 saale baditi nirmito hoyechilo, bingsho shatabdir naubahinir onnotomo guruttopurno markin sachib chhilen, 1913 theke 1921 saal porjonto rashtrapati udro willsoner adhine dayitto palon korechilen. daniels prothom bishwojuddher somoy noubahinike juddhokalin porjaye niye esechilo ebong err karjokrom oo onushiloner onek unnoti oo sangoskarer tadarki korechilo. tini daridra oo nirokkhor karmider jonno shikkhar sujog pradan korechilen, mohilader talikabhuktir byabostha korechilen, adhikarikder meesa theke modd nishiddho korechilen ebong sarkari chuktite jotoboddho nilam poddhotir biruddhe ladai korechilen. porey tini mexicote markin juktorashtrer rashtroduto hisabe dayitto palon corren, jekhane tini taader agenda prochar korte aswikar korey american teler swarther birodhita korechilen. 2021 saaler februaryte, rally city council sampattir oitihasik landmark morjada prottaharer pokkhe bhot deyo, kothitovabe josephus daniels, "newz anned abojarbhar" sangbadpatra ebong 1898 saaler wilmington bidroher saathe err sangjoger karone. baditi 10 march 2021-ayee beekon strita caswell llc dwara kenaa hoyechilo ebong 2021 saaler auguste venge fela hoyechilo.

josephus danielnu ghar josephus danielnu ghar, jene wakestone tareeke pann odakhvaamaa aave chhe, aneey baadmaa relenu mesnik mandeer, uttar keroleena relemaa 1520 casewell street parr aek aitihasik haveli hatee. 1920maan bandhvama aavyu hatoo, teey 1948maan temnaa mrutyu sudhee josephus danielsnu ghar hatoo, jeey pramukh woodrow willson hethal naukadalna sacheev hataa aneey 20mee sadeena aadhunik united states naukadalna vikasma aek mukhya bada hataa. tene 1976maan raashtriy aitihasik simachinh jaaher karvaamaa aavyu hatoo. danielsna mrutyu pachhi tene sthaaneek freemeson dwara khareedvama aavyu hatoo, jemane aaa imaaratmaa umero karyo hato aneey 21mee sadimaa teno upyog temnaa bethak khand tareeke chaalu raakhyo hato. aaa imaaratne august 2021maan todee padvama aavee hatee jethee uchch antanaa gharonaa navaa vikaas maate maarg mokalo curry shakaay. varnan aneey itihas. bhutpurv danielnaa gharnu naam josephasni patnee, edee varth begli daniels dwara wakestone rakhvama aavyu hatoo. teey downtown relenee uttare rahenank vistaarmaa aavelu chhe, purvamaa glenwood aevanyu (united states ruut 70) dwara gheraayela landscape parcel parr, dakshinma vaid aevanyu dwara aneey pashchimma casewell street dwara, jyaan mukhya drive meelkatma pravesh karey chhe. meelkatne uttarmaa anya rahenank meelkatothi hejaro dwara alag karvaamaa aave chhe. ghar pashchim taraf mukh kareene valaankvaadi drive saathe pashchim aneey dakshinma parking vistaaro (agau daniels dwara rakhvama aavela bageechaoni sites) sudhee pahonch puurii paade chhe. aaa ghar aek maalnun pattharnu maalakhu chhe, jeey aashre yuu-aakaarnu chhe, jemaa lambachoras mukhya bloqa aneey beey paankho purv taraf paachhal sudhee vistare chhe. beey paachhalna paankho vachchena vistaarne 1950naa daykama rajmistro dwara umervaamaa aaveli motee bethak jagya saathe bharvama aavyo chhe aneey aagad purvamaa vistrut karvaamaa aavyo chhe. aaa umero mukhya ghar jevaa jaj pattharthi banelo chhe, aneey teey gharnee saamethi jovama aave chhe teey reete gharnaa drashyathi door thato nathee. wakestone "vishvano sauthee naano naukaadal mathak" tareeke pann varnavama aavyo hato. sthaaneek maanyata anusaar, naukadalmathi nivrutt thayaa pachhi danielle kahyoo keey tenaa aagalnaa yardma naukadalni bandook mukvaamaa aave. temnee vinanti purn karvaa maate, manvama aave chhe keey, meelkatno aek naano bhaag naukadalna mathak tareeke niyukt karvo padyo hato. jyaare teey rahee gaee, tyaare bandook buildingna aagalnaa mandapni saame stheet hatee. gharnaa aagalnaa bhagma chaar stambhovaadu neoclassical grick portico chhe, tenaa stambho egyptni raajdhaanio dwara dhankayela chhe aneey sampoorn pedimented gablene teko aape chhe. mukhya praveshdwaar baajuni baareeo aneey pilastersthee gheraayelu chhe, jeey beeja maale aek architrave aneey lokhandani ballastraded balknee sudhee pahonche chhe. gharnaa aantarik bhagma ghanaa saaraa anta chhe, jooe keey tenaa uparnaa ketlaak shayankhandne bethaknee jagyaoma rupantarit karvaamaa aavyaa chhe, aneey motaa bethak pankhni pahonch pradaan karvaa maate purveey baahy divaalno motaabhaagno bhaag door karvaamaa aavyo hato. josephus daniels, jemnaa maate 1920maan aaa ghar bandhvama aavyu hatoo, teey 20mee sadimaa naukadalna sauthee mahatvapurn us sachivomaanaa aek hataa, jemane 1913thee 1921 sudhee pramukh woodrow willson hethal sevaa aapee hatee. daniels pratham vishvyuddh darmiyan naukaadalne yuddhnaa dhorane laavya hataa aneey tenee kamgiri aneey prathaoma ghanaa sudhaarao aneey sudhaaraaoni dekhrekh raakhi hatee. temane garib aneey nirakshar karmchaareeo maate shaikshanik tako puurii paadee, maheelaoni bhartee maate jogvai curry, adheekarina mesmathi daaru parr pratibandh mookyo aneey sarkari karaarmaa sandovani bollie prathaaono saamno karyo. baadmaa temane meksikomaa united statesnaa rajdoot tareeke sevaa aapee hatee, jyaan temane temnaa aejandaane protsaahan aapvaano incar kareene american telnaa hitonee viruddhataa curry hatee. februari 2021maan, railey ciity councille meelkatni aitihasik simachinharup sthiteene rada karvaa maate matdaan karyoo hatoo, jeey ahewal mujab josephus daniels, "news anned observer" akhbaar aneey 1898naa wilmington badvaane kaarane hatoo. aaa ghar 10 march 2021naa roj beacan street casewell llc dwara khareedvama aavyu hatoo aneey august 2021maan tene todee padvama aavyu hatoo.

josephus daniels house josephus daniels house, jise wakestone key naam seey bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, aur baad mein raile kaa masnick mandir, uttari carolina key raile mein 1520 caswell street parr ack aitihaasik haveli thee. 1920 mein nirmit, yeh 1948 mein unaki mrityu taka rashtrapati vudro willson key tahat nausena key sachiv josephus daniels kaa ghar thaa, aur 20 veen shatabdi kii aadhunik sanyukt raajya nausena key vikas mein ack pramukh bull thaa. ise 1976 mein ack rashtriya aitihaasik sthal ghoshit kiya gayaa thaa. daniels kii mrityu key baad ise sthaaniya freemason dwara kharida gayaa thaa, jinhone imarat mein atirikt nirmaan kiya aur 21veen shatabdi mein ise apane baithak kaksh key roop mein upayog karna jaari rakhaa. iss imarat koo agast 2021 mein dhwast curr diyaa gayaa thaa taaki uchch anta vaale gharon key nae vikas kaa maarg prashast kiya jaa sakey. varnan aur itihas. poorv daniel key ghar kaa naam josephus kii patni, addie varth bagley daniels dwara wakestone rakhaa gayaa thaa. yeh shahar key raile key uttar mein ack aavaasiya kshetra mein sthit haye, poorv mein glenwood avenue (sanyukt raajya maarg 70), dakshin mein waid avenue aur paschim mein caswell street seey ghiraa huaa ack bhoodrishya parcel parr, jahaan mukhya drive sampatti mein pravesh karati haye. sampatti koo uttar mein anya aavaasiya sampattiyon seey ack baad dwara alag kiya jaataa haye. ghar paschim kii or unmukh haye, ack ghumaavdaar drive key saath paschim aur dakshin mein parking kshetron (pahale daniels dwara rakhe gaye bageechon key sthal) taka pahunch pradaan kartaa haye. ghar ack manjila patthar kii sanrachana haye, joe motey taur parr yuu-aakar kaa haye, jisamen ack aaytaakaar mukhya khand aur dou pankh poorv kii or peechhe kii or faile hue hain. 1950 key dashak mein rajmistri dwara jode gaye ack badey millen sthaan key saath dou peechhe key pankhon key beach key kshetra koo bhar diyaa gayaa haye aur aage poorv mein vistaarit kiya gayaa haye. yeh jodd mukhya ghar key samaan patthar seey banaa haye, aur ghar key drishya seey vichalit naheen hotaa haye jaisa kii saamane seey dekhaa jaataa haye. wakestone koo "duniya kaa sabse chhota nausainik adda" bhee kahaa gayaa thaa. sthaaniya maanyata key anusaar, nausena seey sevaanivritti key baad daniel ney kahaa kii unake saamane key praangan mein ack nausena bandook rakhee jaae. unake anurodh koo puuraa karane key liye, maanaa jaataa haye kii sampatti key ack chhote seey hisse koo nausena adde key roop mein naamit kiya jaanaa thaa. jaba taka bandook bunny rahee, bandook imarat key saamane key baramade key saamane sthit thee. ghar key saamane key hisse mein chaar stambhon vaale neoclassical greek portico kaa prabhutva haye, isake stambh misra kii rajdhaniyon seey dhake hue hain, aur ack poori tarah seey pedimented gable kaa samarthan karate hain. mukhya pravesh dwaar parr paarshv-prakaash khidakiyan aur bhittistambh hain, joe doosari manjil key liye ack vaastushilp aur lohe seey bunny balkani taka pahunchate hain. ghar key andaruni hisse mein kaee behtareen parishkaran hain, halanki isake oopar key kuchh shayankakshon koo baithak key sthaanon mein badal diyaa gayaa haye, aur purvi baahari deewaar key adhikansh hisse koo badey baithak wing taka pahunch pradaan karane key liye hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. josephus daniels, jinake liye 1920 mein ghar banaaya gayaa thaa, 20veen shatabdi mein nausena key sabse mahatvapurna americi sachivon mein seey ack they, jinhone 1913 seey 1921 taka rashtrapati vudro willson key adheen seva kii. daniels ney pratham vishva yuddh key dauran nausena koo yuddh key samay key star parr laaya, aur isake sanchaalan aur prathaon mein kaee sudhaaron aur sudhaaron kaa nireekshan kiya. unhone garib aur anpadh karmiyon key liye shaikshik avsar pradaan kiye, mahilaaon koo bharti karane kaa praavdhaan kiya, adhikaari key bhojanalaya seey sharaab parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa aur sarkari anubandh mein millie-juli bolly prathaon kaa mukabala kiya. baad mein unhone mexico mein sanyukt raajya america key rajdoot key roop mein kaary kiya, jahan unhone americi tail hiton key agende koo badhaava dene seey incar karke unakaa virodh kiya. farwari 2021 mein, raile shahar parishad ney sampatti kii aitihaasik aitihaasik sthiti koo radd karane key liye matdan kiya, kathit taur parr josephus daniels, "samachar aur paryavekshak" samachar patra aur 1898 key wilmington vidroh key saath isake judaav key kaaran. ghar koo 10 march 2021 koo beekan street caswell llc dwara kharida gayaa thaa aur agast 2021 mein ise faad diyaa gayaa thaa.

josephus daniels house josephus daniels house, idannu wakestone endoo kareyalaaguttade, mattu nantara raaliya kallina devalaya, uttara kerolinada raaliya 1520 caswell beediyalliruva aitihaasika mahadiyagittu. 1920ralli nirmisalaada idu, 1948ralli adhyaksha vudro willson avara netrutvadalli naukaapadeya kaaryadarshiyaagidda josephus daniels avara maranadavaregu neleyagittu mattu 20neey shatamaanada aadhunika samyukta samsthaanagala naukaapadeya abhivraddhiyalli pramukha shaktiyagittu. idannu 1976ralli rashtriya aitihaasika heggurutaagi ghooshisalaayitu. daniels avara maranada nantara idannu sthaliya freemasangalu khareedisidaru, avaru kattadakke serpadegalannu maadidaru mattu 21neey shatamaanadalli adannu tamma sabeya sabhaanganavaagi balasuvudannu munduvaresidaru. unnata mattada manegala hosa abhivruddhige daari maadikodalu 2021rahra augustinalli kattadavannu kedavalaayitu. vivarane mattu itihaasa. hindina danielna manege josephusna patni, bagley danielsna addi, wakestone endu hesarittaru. idu downtown raaliya uttarada vasati pradeshadalli, poorvadalli glenwood avenue (united states maarga 70), dakshinadalli waded avenue mattu pashchimadalli caswell streetninda suttuvarida bhoodrushyada parcelnalli nintide, allie mukhya drive praveshisuttade. ee aastiyannu uttaradalliruva itara vasati aastigalinda hedjarodinda berpadisalaagide. ee maneyu paschimakke mukha maadi, paschima mattu dakshinakke (hinde danielsgalu ittukondidda udyaanagala taanagalu) parking pradeshagalige praveshavannu odagisuva vakravaada drive annu hondide. ee maneyu ondu-antastina kallina rachaneyagiddu, sthoolavaagi yuu-aakaaradallide, aayataakaarada mukhya block mattu eradu rekkegalu purvakke himbhagakke vistarisive. eradu himbhagada rekkegala naduvina pradeshavannu 1950rahra dasakadalli mesangalu dodda meating jagavannu serisuvudarondige tumbisalaagide mattu mattashtu purvakke vistarisalaagide. ee serpadeyannu mukhya manege holuva kallininda nirmisalaagide mattu mumbhagadinda nodidante maneya notadinda doora hoguvudilla. wakestone annu "vishvada atyanta chikka nauka nele" endoo vivarisalaagide. sthaliya dantakatheya prakara, naukaapadeyinda nivruttiyaada nantara, danielgalu tamma mumbhagada angaladalli nauka bandooku iduvante kelikondaru. aatana korikeyannu poornagolisalu, aastiya ondu sanna bhagavannu nauka neleyaagi gottupadisabekagittu. adhu ulidiruvaaga, gunn kattadada mumbhagada mukhamantapada munde ittu. maneya mumbhagada mumbhagadalli naalku-kaalam neoclassical greek portico praabalyavannu hondide, adara kaalamgalu eejiptina raajadhaanigalinda muchchalpattive mattu sampoornavaagi pediment maadida gable annu bembalisuttave. mukhya praveshadvaaravu pakkada kitakigalu mattu bhittistambhagalinda suttuvaredide, idu eradane mahadige vastushilpa mattu kabbinada-kambalaakaarada balkanige airuttade. maneya olabhaagavu aneka uttamavaada poornagolisuvikegalannu ulisikondide, aadaagyoo adara kelavu melina mahadigala malaguva koonegalannu sabeya sthalagalaagi parivartisalaagide mattu dodda sabeya rekkege praveshavannu odagisalu purvada horagina godeya hecchina bhagavannu tegeduhaakalaagide. 1920ralli ee maneyannu nirmisida josephus daniels, 20neey shatamaanadalli naukaapadeya pramukha yuu. ess. karyadarshigalalli obbaraagiddaru, 1913rinda 1921ravarege adhyaksha vudro willson avara adiyalli seve sallisidaru. daniels modalane mahayuddhada samayadalli naukaapadeyannu yuddhakaalada hantakke tandaru mattu adara karyacharanegalu mattu abhyasagalalli aneka sudharanegalu mattu sudhaaranegalannu melvichaarane maadidaru. avaru bada mattu anaksarastha sibbandige shaikshanika avakaashagalannu odagisidaru, mahileyara daakhalaatige avakasha maadikottaru, adhikariya avyavastheyinda madyavannu nishedhisidaru mattu sarkari oppandadalli sanchubaddha bidding abhyasagalannu edurisidaru. nantara avaru meksikodalli united states rayabhariyagi seve sallisidaru, allie avaru tamma kaaryasoochiyannu uttejisalu nirakarisuva moolaka americada taila hitasaktigalannu virodhisidaru. phebravari 2021 ralli, raalee nagara mandaliyu aastiya aitihaasika heggurutu sthaanamaanavannu himpadeyalu matha haakitu, varadiya prakara josephus daniels, "nyus & abserver" patrike mattu 1898 rahra wilmington dangeyondige adara sambandhadindaagi. maneyannu 10 march 2021 randu beekan streat caswell llc khareedisitu mattu august 2021 ralli haridu haakalaayitu.

josephus daaniyalsinte veedu vaakkston ennum pinneedu raliyile masonic shethramennum ariyappettirunna josephus daniels house, vadakkan karolinayile raliyile 1520 caswell streettile oru charitraparamaaya bhavanamaayirunnu. 1920ll nirmmicha ithu, 1948ll addehathinte maranam vare president vudro vilsante keezhilulla naavikasenayude secretory irupathaam noottaandile aadhunika yunaittad stetts naavikasenayude vikasanathile oru pradhana sakthiyumaaya josephus daaniyalsinte vaasasthalamaayirunnu. 1976ll ithu oru deseeya charitraparamaaya naazhikakkallayi prakhyapikkappettu. daaniyalinte maranashesham praadeshika freemasonukal ithu vaangi, avar kettidatthil kootticherkkukayum 21-aamm noottaand vare ithu avarude meating haalayi upayogikkunnathu thudarukayum cheythu. uyarnna nilavaaramulla veedukalude puthiya vikasanathinu vazhiyorukkunnathinaayi 2021 augustil kettidam polichumaatti. vivaranavum charithravum. muun daaniyalinte veedinu josephasinte bhaarya addi varthu bagli daniels vekkston ennu perittu. raali nagarakendrathinu vadakkulla oru residential eriyayil, kizhakk glenwood avanyoo (yunaittad stetts root 70), thekk vaid avanyoo, padinjaaru caswell street ennivayaal chuttapetta oru landscape paarsalil ithu nilakollunnu, avide pradhana drive propertyilekku praveshikkunnu. vadakkulla mattu paarppida swathukkalil ninnu eee vasthuvine oru veli kondu verthirikkunnu. padinjaaru, thekk (munbu daniels sookshichirunna poonthottangalude sthalangal) parking eriyakalilekku praveshanam nalkunna oru valanja drive ulla veedu padinjaaru abhimukhamaayittaanu. chathuraakrithiyilulla pradhana block kizhakk ninnu pinbhaagathekku neelunna rund chirakukalumulla ekadesham yuu aakruthiyilulla oru kallu gadanayaanu veedu. rund pinbhagangalkkidayilulla pradesham pradesham kothupanikal cherttha oru valia meating space upayogichu kooduthal kizhakode vyapippichu. pradhana veedinu samanamaaya kallukondu nirmmicha eee kootticherkkal munvashath ninnu kaanunnathupole veedinte kaazhchayil ninnu vyathichalikkunnilla. lokathile ettavum cheria naavika thaavalam" ennum waxtonine visheshippichirunnu. praadeshika aithihyamanusarichu, navikasenayil ninnu viramicha sesham daniels addehathinte munvashathe muttathu oru naavika thokku sthaapikkaan aavasyappettu. addehathinte abhyarthana poortthiyaakkunnathinu, swathinte oru cheria bhagam naavika thaavalamaayi nischayikkendathundaayinu. athu avasheshikkumbol, thokku kettidatthinte munvashathe poomukhatthinu munnilaayirunnu. veedinte munvashath naalu nirakalulla neoclassical greak porticoyum eejipshyan thalasthaanangalaal moodappetta nirakalum poornnamaayum pediment cheytha gableine pinthunaykkunnu. pradhana kavaadathinu vashath sidelight janalukalum pailastarukalum undu, avaa oru architraaveyilekkum randaam nilayilekku irumbu kondu nirmmicha baalkaniyilekkum uyarunnu. veedinte ulvasham niravadhi mikacha finishukal nilanirthunnu, ennirunnaalum mukalilathe nilayil chila kidappumurikal meating edangalaayi parivartthanam cheythittundu, koodaathe valia meating vingilekku praveshanam nalkunnathinaayi kizhakkan puram mathilinte bhooribhaagavum neekkam cheythu. 1920ll veedu nirmmicha josephus daniels, irupathaam noottaandile naavikasenayude ettavum pradhanappetta us sekrattarimaaril oraalaayirunnu, 1913 muthal 1921 vare president vudro vilsante keezhil sevanamanushtichu. daniels onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu navikasena yudhakaala nilavaaratthilekku konduvarikayum athinte pravarthanangalilum sanbradaayangalilum niravadhi mechappeduthalukalum parishkaarangalum nireekshikkukayum cheythu. pavappettavarkkum nirakshararkkum vidyaabhyaasa avasarangal nalkukayum sthreekale cherkkaan vyavastha cheyyukayum udyogastharude messil ninnu madyam nirodhikkukayum sarkkar karaarile koottaaya lela reethikale cherukkukayum cheythu. pinneedu meksikkoyile american ambaasadaraayi sevanamanushticha addeham avide american enna thaalpparyangale avarude ajanda pracharippikkan visammathichukondu ethirthu. 2021 februvariyil, raali sitti kaunsil property charitraparamaaya naazhikakkall padavi radhaakkaan vottu cheythu, "nyoos & observer" pathramaya josephus danielsumaayulla bandham, 1898 leeii wilmington kalapam enniva kaaranam. veedu 2021 march 10 nuu beekkan street caswell ellc vaangukayum 2021 augustil thakarkkappedukayum cheythu.

josephus danielche ghar josephus danielche ghar, jyala wakestone asehi mhanatat aanee nantar ralleche dagadi mandir, heey uttar carolinatil ralley yetheel 1520 caswell rastyavar eka aitihasik haveli hotee. 1920 madhye bandhalele heey 1948 madhye tyachya mrutyuparyant, adhyaksh vudro willson yanchya netrutvakhalil naudalache sachiv aanee 20 vya shatkatil aadhunik united states naudalachya vikasatil eka pramukh dall asalelya josephus danielsche ghar hote. 1976 madhye tyala rashtriy aitihasik chinh mhanoon ghoshit karnyat aale. danielchya mrutyunantar sthanik freemasonani teey vikat ghetale, jyanni imaratit bharr ghatali aanee 21 vya shatkat tyancha sabha holl mhanoon tyacha vapar suru thewala. uchch darjachya gharanchya naveen vikasasathi marg tayar karnyasathi august 2021 madhye hii imarat padnyat aalee. varnan aanee itihas. purvichya danielchya gharala josephuschi patni, addy worth bagley danielne wakestone asey naav dile hote. heey shahar rallechya uttarela nivasi bhagat, purvela glenwood avenue (united states marg 70), dakshinela vede avenue aanee paschimela caswell streetne vedhalelya landscape parcelver aahe, jithe mukhya drive pravesh karate. hii malmatta uttarekadil itar nivasi malmattanpasun hejrodware vegali kelee jaate. ghar paschimekade tond karoon aahe, v valatya drives paschim aanee dakshinekade parking kshetranmadhye pravesh pradan karato (purvi danielasdware thevalelya baganchi thikane). ghar eka majali dagadi rachana aahe, jee andaje yuu-aakarachi aahe, jyat aayatakruti mukhya khand aanee purvekade mageel bajus pasarlele done pankh aahet. mageel done pankhanmadhil kshetra bharnyat aale aahe aanee 1950 chya dashakat rajmistrindware jodanyat aalelya mothya melavyachya jagesah pudhe purvekade vistarit karnyat aale aahe. hii jode mukhya gharachya samaan dagadane bandhali gelee aahe aanee samorun disana gharachya drushyapasun vichalit hott nahee. wakestoneche varnan 'jagatil sarvat lahan naudal tall' mhanoonahi kele gele. sthanik aakhyayikenusar, naudalachya nivruttinantar danielne tyachya samorchya anganat naudalachi bandook thevanyas sangitale. tyachi vinanti purn karnyasathi, malmattecha eka chhotasa bhag naudal tall mhanoon niyukt karava lagla. tee shillak asatana, bandook imaratichya samoril mandapasamor hotee. gharachya samoril bhagavar chaar stambhanchya neoclassical greek portikoche varchasva aahe, tyache stambh egyptian rajdhanyanni jhakalele aahet aanee purnapane padimented gable aadhar detat. mukhya praveshdwarala bajuchya khidakya aanee bhittistambh aahet, jeey dusya majalyasathi eka vastushilp aanee lokhandi-aachchhadit balkaniparyant chadhatat. jaree gharachya varchya majlyavaril kahee shayankakshanche rupantar baithakichya jaganmadhye karnyat aale asale, taree gharachya aateel bhagat anek chhan rachana aahet aanee mothya baithakichya chaukat pravesh midava yasathi purvekadil bahereel bhinticha barachsa bhag kadhoon taknyat aala aahe. 1920 madhye jyachyakarta heey ghar bandhanyat aale hote, too josephus daniels haah 20 vya shatkatil naudalachya sarvat mahattvachya americi sachivanpaiki eka hota, joou 1913 teey 1921 paryant rashtradhyaksh vudro willson yanchya netrutvakhali karyarat hota. danielsney pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan naudlala yuddhakalin payarivar aanale aanee tyachya karye aanee paddhatinmadhye anek sudharana aanee sudharananvar dekhrekh thewali. tyanni garib aanee nirakshar karmchanyanna shaikshanik sandhee dilya, mahilanchya nondanichi tartud kelee, adhikadhyanchya mesmadhun daruvar bandee ghatali aanee sarkari kararatil sanghik boolii paddhatincha samna keela. nantar tyanni mexicomadhye amerikeche rajdoot mhanoon kaam kele, jithe tyanni american teel hitsambandhancha virodh karoon tyanchya ajendyacha prachar karnyas nakar deela. februwari 2021 madhye, ralley shahar parishadene malmattecha aitihasik aitihasik darja radd karnyasathi matdan kele, kathitpane josephus daniels, 'news andd observer' vruttpatra aanee 1898 chya wilmington bandamule. heey ghar 10 march 2021 roji beacan street caswell ell. ell. see. neey vikat ghetale aanee august 2021 madhye teey fadale gele.

josephus danielko ghar josephus daniels house, jaslai wakestone pani bhaninchha, rar pachhi releko messnick mandira, uttari carolinako relema 1520 caswell stritma raheko aitihasik haweli thiyo. sann 1920 maa nirman garieko yo sann 1948 maa unko mrityu nabhaesamma rashtrapati woodro wilsonko netritwama nausenaka sachiva josephus danielsko ghar thiyo rar adhunik 20 aun shatabdiko sanyukta rajya americako nausenako vikasma ek pramukh ball thiyo. yasalai sann 1976 maa rashtriya aitihasik sthalchihna ghoshana garieko thiyo. danielko mrityupachhi yasalai sthaniya freemationharule kineka thie, jasle bhawanma thap gare rar 21 aun shatabdima yasalai afno baithak halko rupma prayog garna jaari rakhe. uccha starka gharharuko nayan vikaska lagi marga banauna august 2021 maa bhawan dhwasta garieko thiyo. warnan rar itihas. purva danielko gharlai josephasko patni, eddi worth bagley danielle wakestone naam dieka thie. yo downtown releko uttarma awasiya kshetrama awasthit chha, purvama glenwod avenue (sanyukta rajya marga 70), dakshinma wade avenue rar paschimma caswell stritdwara gherieko paridrishyama awasthit parcelma, jahaan mukhya drive sampattima prawesh gardacha. sampattilai uttarma anya awasiya sampattiharubata hejerodwara alag garieko chha. ghar pashchimko dishama tiriyo, ghumauro drivele paschim rar dakshinma parking kshetraharuma pahunch pradan gardacha (pahile danielharule rakheka bagainchaharuko siteharu). ghar euta-tala dhungako sanrachana how, lagbhag yu-akarko, ayatakar mukhya khanda rar dui pakshaharu purvatira pachhadi failieko chha. dui pachhadiko wingharu bichko khetra bharieko chha rar 1950 ko dashakma rajmistriharule thap gareko thulo baithak thaaunko sath thap purvama wistar garieko chha. yo thap mukhya gharko saman dhungale baneko chha, rar agadiko dekhiheko gharko drishyabata wichlit hundaina. wekstonlai "wishwako sabaibhanda sano nausena adhar" ko rupma pani warnan garieko thiyo. sthaniya manyataanusar nausenabata sewaniwritta bhaepachi danielharule unko agadiko anganma nausenako banduk rakhna agraha gare. unko anurodh pura garna, kathit rupma, sampattiko sano bhaglai nausena adharko rupma tokieko thiyo. yo baanki rahanda, banduk bhawanko agadiko porchko agadi awasthit thiyo. gharko agadiko anuharma chaar stambhako neoclassical grick portikoko prabhutwa chha, yasako stambhaharu egyptka rajdhaniharule dhakeka chhan, rar purna rupma pedimented geballai samarthan gardacha. mukhya praweshdwar side light jhyal rar bhittagharharule gherieko chha, june dosro talaka lagi euta wastukalama rar falamle bharieko balkanima pugchha. gharko bhitri bhagma dherai ramra finishharu chhan, yadyapi yasako mathillo talaka kehi shayankakshaharu baithak sthanharuma rupantaran garieko chha, rar purvi bahiri parkhalko dherai bhaglai thulo baithak wingma pahunch pradan garna hataiyo. josephus daniels, jaska lagi 1920 maa ghar nirman garieko thiyo, 20 aun shatabdima nausenaka sabaibhanda mahatwapurna americi sachibharu madhye ek thie, jasle rashtrapati woodro wilsonko netritwama 1913 dekhi 1921 samma sewa gare. danielharule pahilo wishwayuddhako samayama nausenalai yuddhakalin starma lyae, rar yasako sanchalan rar abhyasharuma dherai sudhar rar sudharharuko nirikshan gare. unle garib rar ashikshit karmachariharulai shaikshik awasarharu pradan gare, mahilaharuko bharnako wyawastha gare, officerko mesbata raksi pratibandhit gare, rar sarkari anubandhama milijuli bolly abhyasharuko samana gare. pachhi unle meksikoka lagi sanyukta rajya americako rajadutko rupma sewa gare, jahaan unle americi telko agendalai badhawa dina aswikar garera uniharuko hitko virodh gare. february 2021 maa, rele city councille sampattiko aitihasik aitihasik sthiti kharez garna matadan garyo, kathit rupma josephus daniels, "samachar rar paryawekshak" akhbar rar 1898 ko wilmington vidrohasangko yasako sambandhaka karan. ghar 10 march 2021 maa bikan street caswell llcdwara kineko thiyo rar august 2021 maa fyaankieko thiyo.

josephus denijelsnka ghara josephus daniels house, jaahaa wextone bhabare madhya janashuna, ebong parey relenka mesonic mandira, uttara carolinara relere 1520 kaswel stritare eka aitihasika prasad thila . 1920 masihare nirmita, ehaa 1948 masihare taanka mrutyu parjyanta rastrapati udro wilsonanka adheenare nausenara sachiba josephus denijalsanka ghara thila, ebong adhunika binsha shatabdir juktarastra americara nausenara bikashare eka pramukh shakti thila . 1976 masihare ehaaku eka jatiah aitihasika sthalachinha bhabe ghoshana karajaithila. danielanka mrutyu parey ehaaku sthaniah phrimasanamane kinithile, jeunmane ehi attalikare atirikta yogdan karithile ebong ekabingsha shatabdi parjyanta ehaaku semanankara baithaka kaxa bhabe byabahara jaari rakhithile. uchchakotira gharara eka nutan bikash paain rasta tiari kariba paain august 2021 ray ehi attalikati bhangi diajaithila. barnana ebong itihas. purbatana denijalnka gharara naama wakestone rakhajaithila josephasnka patni, edi wart bagley denijalnka dwara. ehaa rele saharar kendrasthalara uttarare eka abasic anchalare, purbare glenude aabhenyu (juktarastra america marga 70) dwara, dakhinare wed aabhenyu dwara ebong paschimare caswell street dwara paribestita eka landscape parcelare rahichhi, jeunthare mukhya drive prabesha kare sampatti . ehi sampattiku uttarare thiba anya abasic sampattitharu eka hejero dwara pruthaka karajaichi. gharati paschima digaku mukh curry rahichhi, eka bakra drive sahita paschima ebong dakhinare parking anchalaku prabesha pradan kare (purbaru daniels dwara rakhajaithiba udyanara sthana) . gharati eka mahla bisista pathara dhancha, motamoti bhabe jayu-aakrutira, jeunthire eka ajatakhetrakara mukhya khanda ebong duiti danga purba digaru pachaku prasarita. 1950 dashakare rajamistrimananka dwara eka bruhata milana sthana sahita duiti pacha winga madhyare thiba anchalaku purana karajaichi ebong ahuri purbaku prasarita karajaichi . ehi sanjojanati mukhya ghara sahita samaana patharare nirmita, ebong gharara drushyaru bichyuta hue naahin jaahaa sammukharu dekhajae . wakstoneku "biswara sabutharu chhot nausena bases" bhabare madhya barnana karajaithila. sthaniah aitihya anusare, nausenaru absar neba parey daniels taanka sammukh pranganare eka nausena bandhuka rakhibaku kahithile. tankara anurodhaku sampurna kariba paain, anumeah, sampattira eka chhot anshaku eka nausena bases bhabare namit karibaku padithila . jetebele ehaa rahila, bandhukati kothara sammukh baranda sammukhare abasthita thila . gharara sammukh parsware eka chaari stambha bisista neoclassical greek portico rahichhi, ehara stambhagudika egypt rajdhani dwara aachadita ebong eka sampurna pediment gable ku samarthan kare . mukhya prabesha dwara parsware parswabarti jharaka ebong bhittiprastara dwara bestita, jaahaa dwiteeja mahla paain eka architrav ebong eka luha-balcade balconi parjyanta uthithae . gharara aabhyantareen ansha aneka sunder parichheda dhaaran karichhi, jadio ehara upara mahalare thiba kichhi shajanakhyaku baithaka sthanare parinata karajaichi, ebong bruhata baithaka wingaku prabesha pradan kariba paain purba bahya prachirara adhikansha anshaku hatai diajaichhi . 1920 masihare jeunmananka paain ehi ghara nirmana karajaithila, shay josephus daniels binsha shatabdire nausenara anyatama gurutwapurna jayu. ess. sachiba thile, jie 1913 ru 1921 parjyanta rastrapati udro wilsonka adheenare karjya karithile. daniels pratham biswajudha samajare nausenaku judhakaleena bhittiku aanithile ebong ehara parichalana ebong abhyasare aneka unnati ebong sanskara tadarakh karithile. shay gariba ebong ashikhita karmacharinka paain sikhyagata sujoga pradan karithile, mahilamananku talikabhukta karithile, adhikarinka mesaru mudd nishedha karithile ebong sarkari chuktire gunjit nilam abhyasara mukabila karithile. parey shay meksikore americara rastradoota bhabare karjya karithile, jeunthare shay americae taila swarthaku semananka agendaku prostahita karibaku manah curry birodha karithile. februari 2021 ray, rele city council sampattira aitihasika landmark sthitiku pratyahara karibaku bhot deithila, suchana anujai josephus daniels, "nyuj & abajarbhar" khabarkagaj ebong 1898 rahr wilmington bidroha sahita ehara sanjoga hetu. gharati 10 march 2021 ray beekan street caswell ell. sii. dwara kinajaithila ebong august 2021 ray bhangi diajaithila .

josephus daniels daa gharr josephus daniels haaoos, jiss noon wextone vee kiha jaanda haii, atey baad witch raile daa masonic mandar, uttri carolina dey raile witch 1520 caswell street utte ikk itihasak mahil see. 1920 witch banaiaa giaa, ih 1948 witch aapni maut takk rashtarpati woodro wilson dey adheen jall saina dey sakattar josephus daniels daa gharr see, atey 20 veen sadee dee aadhunik sanyukat raaj jall saina dey vikas witch ikk pramukh shakti see. iss noon 1976 witch ikk rashtari itihasak meal patthar ailaniaa giaa see. daniel dee maut toon baad iss noon sathanak freemason duaara kharidiaa giaa see, jinhan neey imaarat witch vaadha keeta atey atey sadee witch iss noon aapne meating haal vajon varatna jaari rakkhiaa. iss imaarat noon agast 2021 witch dhaah ditta giaa see taan joe ucch padhri gharan dey navein vikas laee raah banaiaa jaa sake. itihaas atey varnan. sabka daniel dey gharr daa naam josephus dee patni aidii worth bagley daniels duaara wextone rakkhiaa giaa see. ih shehar dey raile dey uttar witch ikk rihaishi khetar witch sathit haii, ikk landscaped parcel utte joe purab witch glenwod aivenioo (united states ruut 70), dakkhan witch vaid aivenioo atey pachham witch caswell street duaara ghiriaa hoiaa haii, jitthe mukkh drive dakhal hundi haii. ih jaidad uttar vall horr rihaishi jaidadan toon ikk hejrau duaara vakkh keeti gaee haii. gharr pachham vall mudiaa hoiaa haii, ikk karav drive dey naal pachham atey dakkhan witch parking khetran (pahilan daniels duaara rakkhe gaye bagichiaan deeaan thaavan) takk pahunch pardan karda haii. ih gharr ikk manzila patthar daa dhancha haii, joe lagbhag yuu-aakaar daa haii, jiss witch ikk aaitakar mukkh block atey doou khambh purab vall pichle paase takk faile hoye hunn. doou pichle vingan dey vichkaar dey khetar noon 1950 dey dahake witch rajmas duaara ikk vaddi meating jagha dey naal purab vall vadhaiaa giaa haii. ih jode mukkh gharr dey samaan patthar naal baniaa haii, atey gharr dey drish toon bhatakda naheen haii jiven kii sahmane toon dekhiaa jaanda haii. wextone noon "dunia daa sabh toon chhota jall saina adda" vee dassiaa giaa see. sathanak kathaa dey anusar, jall saina toon sevamukti toon baad daniels neey kiha kii uss dey sahmane dey vihade witch ikk jall saina dee banduk rakkhi jaave. uss dee benati noon poora curran laee, manniaa jaanda haii kii, jaidad dey ikk chhote jihe hisse noon jall saina dey adde vajon namzad keeta jaanha see. jadon ih bachi rahee, banduk imaarat dey sahmane dey porch dey sahmane sathit see. gharr dey agle paase ikk chaar-kaalam neoclassical yunani portico daa dabdaba haii, iss dey kaalam misari rajdhaniaan duaara dhakke hoye hunn, atey ikk puurii tarahan pediment gable daa samarthan karde hunn. mukkh pravesh duaar paase deeaan khidkiaan atey pilasteran naal ghiriaa hoiaa haii, joe duji manzal laee ikk architrave atey lohe naal bharee balconi takk pahunchada haii. gharr dey andruni hisse witch bahut saariaan vadhiaa mukammaltavan hunn, halanki iss dey kujh uparle bedroom noon meating sathanan witch badliaa giaa haii, atey purbi baahari kandh dey bahut saare hisse noon vadde meating wing takk pahunch pardan curran laee hataa ditta giaa see. josephus daniels, jiss laee ih gharr 1920 witch banaiaa giaa see, see sadee witch jall saina dey sabh toon mahattavpuran amriki sakatran vicchon ikk see, joe 1913 toon 1921 takk rashtarpati woodro wilson dey adheen seva nibha riha see. daniels neey pahile vishav yuddh dauran jall saina noon yuddh dey samein dey paddhar 'teey liaaiaa, atey iss dey sanchalan atey abhiaasan witch bahut saare sudharan atey sudharan dee nigrani keeti. unhan neey gharib atey anpadh karamchariaan laee sikkhiaa dey mauke pardan keete, aurtan dee bharti laee parbandh keete, adhikari dey mess toon sharab utte pabandi lagaa ditti atey sarkari theke witch milibhugat naal bollie lagaun dey abhiaasan daa mukabala keeta. baad witch uhanan neey mexico witch sanyukat raaj dey rajdoot vajon seva nibhai, jitthe uhanan neey amriki tail hittan dey agende noon utshahit curran toon inkaar karke uhanan daa virodh keeta. farvari 2021 witch, raile city consul neey jaidad dey itihasak itihasak rutbe noon radd curran laee vott paaee, kathit taur 'teey josephus daniels, "news aind observer" akhbar atey 1898 dey wilmington vidroh naal iss dey sabndh caarn. gharr 10 march 2021 noon beekan street caswell ail. ail. see. duaara kharidiaa giaa see atey agast 2021 witch paadd ditta giaa see.

josephus daniels ityasya gruham josephus daniels-gruham, yat wextone iti namna api prasidham, anantaram rele ityasya mesonic-mandiram cha, uttar-carolina-rajyasya rele-nagare 1520 caswell-veethi-madhye aitihaasikam bhavanam aasit. 1920 tame varshe nirmitam, 1948 tame varshe tasya mrutyuparyantam, rashtrapatina vudro willson ityasya adhinasya nausenaayaah sachivasya josephus daniels ityasya gruham aasit, 20 shataabdyaah aadhunikasy samyuktarajyamerika-nausenaayaah vikaase pramukham balam aasit. 1976 tame varshe etat rashtriya-aitihaasika-sthalachihnam iti ghoshitam. daniels ityasya mrutyoho anantaram etat sthaniyaihi freemason-ityanena kreenitam, ye bhavane parivardhanaani krutavantah, 21 shataabdyaam yaavat teshaam sabhaa-sabhaagruhe cha tatt upayoktum anwawartat. 2021 august-maase uccha-gruhaanaam nootan-vikaasasya maargah nirmaatum bhavanam dhvamsam abhavat. vivaranam tathaa itihaasah. poorvatanasya daniel-gruhasya naam wextone iti josephus-ityasya patnee, edi-vart-begali-daniels ityetabhyam dattam. etat rail-nagar-kendrasya uttardishi aavaaseeyakshetre sthitah asti, poorvadishi glenwood-avanyoo ityanena (samyuktarajyamerika-maargah 70), dakshinadishi ved-avanyoo ityanena, paschimadishi caswell-margena cha parimite bhoodrushya-parles ityatra, yatra mukhya-vaahan-yaanam sampattim pravishati. uttardishi anyaih aawaaseeyasampattayah api hez-row ityanena pruthak bhavanti. gruham paschimadisham mukham asti, yatra vakra-vaahan-yaanam asti, yat pashchim-dakshina-sthanayoho vaahan-parking-kshetraanaam (poorvam daniels-dwara rakshitanam udyananam sthalanam) pravesham pradadaati. gruham prastar-nirmitam, praayah yoo-aakaarasy, ayatakara-mukhya-khandayuktam, poorvadisham yaavat prushtadisham yaavat vistrutaa cha pakshadwayam asti. poorvadishi poorvadishi cha poorva-pakshayoho madhye kshetram pooritam, 1950 tame dashake raajamistriyaih vishaalam milanasthaanam api yojitam. etat samyojanam mukhyagruhasya anurupena shilaya nirmitam asti, tathaa cha gruhasya drushyaat naa vyatigatam, yat sammukhatah drushyate. wextone iteedam "vishvasya laghutamam nausainika-aadharam" iti api varnitam. sthaniya-aakhyaayiken, nausenaayaah nivruttyaa daniel-janaah tasya agrabhaage nausenaayaah tokaah sthaapayitum praarthayan. tasya anurodham poornam kartum, sampatteh laghubhaagah nausenaayaah aadhaararoopen nirdishtah iti manyate sma. yadaa tu tu tu tu bandookah bhavanasya agradwaarasya sammukhe aasit. gruhasya agrabhaage chaturnastambhayuktaa neoclassical greek portiko ityasya adhipatyam vartate, tasya stambhaah egyptian-rajadhanya aacchaaditaah santi, purnataya pedimented gable ityasya cha samarthanam cha kurvanti. mukhyapraveshadvaarasya paarshve paarshva-deepa-dwaaraani, bhittistambhaah cha santi, ye dwiteeyastare vaastushilpam, loha-pushpita-balakani cha yaavat vardhante. gruhasya antahbhaage anekaani sookshmaani parishkaranaani santi, yadyapi tasya keshaanchan uparitalaani shayanakakshaani milanasthaanaani rupena parivartitaah santi, poorva-baahya-bhitteh adhikaamshah bhaagah vishaal-millen-vibhaagasya praveshaartham apasaaritah cha asti. 1920 tame varshe yasya krute gruham nirmitam aasit, saha josephus daniels ityeshah 20 shataabdyaam nausenaayaah mahattvapoornaasu amerikaadeshasy sachiveshu anyatamah aasit, 1913 taha 1921 paryantam rashtrapatina vudro willson ityasya adheene sewaarat. daniel-janaah prathamavishvayuddhe nausenaam yuddhakaalasy avasthaam prati aanayan, tasya kaaryeshu abhyaaseshu cha aneke sudharan, sudharan cha paryavekshayan. saha daridranam niraksharanam cha karmacharinam krute shaikshanik-avasaraan pradadat, mahilanam panjikaranasya vyavasthaa krutavaan, adhikarinam bhojanalayat madyasya nishedham krutavaan, sarvakaareey-anubandheshu sangatita-bolly-paddhatyah cha pratihatavaan. pashchat saha meksiko-deshe samyuktarajyamerikadesha rajadutatvena karyam krutavaan, yatra saha teshaam karyasuchim pravardhayitum niraakrutya amerikaadeshasy taila-hitam virodhayat. 2021 februvari-maase, rele-nagar-parishadah, "nyoos-end-abserver" iti vruttapatrasya josephus daniels ityanena saha sambaddhasy, 1898 tame varshe wilmington-vidrohasya cha karanat, sampatteh aitihaasika-aitihaasika-sthitim nirastum matadanm krutavaan. gruham 2021 maarch-maase beekan-street-caswell-ell. ell. sii. ityanena kreenitam, 2021 august-maase cha kshiptam.

josaph daniels veedu vacstone endrum azhaikkappadum josephus daniels havus, pinnar raleeyin maesoanik koayil, vadakku carolinavin raleeyil ulla 1520 casewell theruvil ulla oru varalaattru maaligaiyaagum. 1920 aam aandil kattapatta idhu, 1948 aam aandil avar irakkum varai janathipathi vutro willson keezh kadarpadaiyin seyalaalaraana josaph danielsin illamaagavum, naveena 20 aam noottraandin aikkiya america kadarpadaiyin valarchchiyil oru mukiya sakthiyaagavum irunththathu. idhu 1976 aam aandil oru thaesiya varalaattru mailkallaaga arivikkappattathu. danielsin maranaththirkup piragu idhu ulloor freemaesangalaal vaangkappattathu, avarkal kattidaththil serththanar mattrum 21 aam noottraandil thangal santhippu mandapamaaga thodarnthu payanpaduththinar. uyarthara veedugalin puthiya valarcchikku vazhi vaguppatharkaaga august 2021 ill kattidam idikkappattathu. varalaaru mattrum vivaram. munnaal daniels veettirku josephasine manaivi, backley daniels enbavaraal vacstone endru peyaridappattathu. idhu raali nagaraththin vadakkae oru kudiyiruppu paguthiyil, kilakkil clenwood avenue (united states ruud 70), therkil vaed avenue mattrum maerkil caswell theru aagiyavattraal soolappatta oru nilaparappu paarsalil nirkirathu, angku mukiya trive soththin ullae nuzhaigirathu. inththa soththu vadakkae ulla pira kudiyiruppu soththukkalilirunthu oru hedgerowal pirikkappattullathu. inththa veedu maerku noakkiyathu, maerku mattrum therkae vaagana niruththumidangalukku anugalai vazhangkum oru valaintha iyakkaththudan (munbu danielskalaal vaikkapatta thoattangalin thazhangal). inththa veedu oru maadi cull amaippu, thoaraayamaaga yuu-vadivaththil, oru sevvaga pirathaana thoguthi mattrum irandu irakkaikal kilakku noakki pinpuram varai neettikkappadugindrana. irandu pinpura irakkaikalukku idaiyilaana pakuthi nirappapattu maelum kizhakkae neettikappattu, 1950 kazhil maesangalaal oru periya santhippu idam serkkappattathu. inththa koodudhalaaga mukiya veettirku oththa kallal kattappattullathu, maelum veettin paarvaiyilirunthu munpuraththil irunthu paarppathu poal thisaithiruppaathu. vagustone "ulagin migachchiriya kadarpadaith thalam" endrum vivarikkappattathu. ulloor kootpaattinpadi, kadarpadai daniels irunthu oaivu pettra piragu avarathu muun muttraththil oru kadarpadai thuppakki vaika vaendum endru catar. avarathu koorikkaiyai niraivaettra, soththin oru siriya paguthiyai kadarpadaith thalamaaga niyamikka vaendiyirunththathu. adhu irunththapoathu, thuppakki kattidaththin muun mandapaththin muun irunththathu. veettin muun mugappil naanku neduvarisaigal konda neoclassical kiraekka portico aathikkam seluththukirathu, adhan neduvarisaigal egypthiya thalainagarangalaal moodappattullana, maelum oru muzhu thuduppu cabley aatharikkintrana. pirathaana nuzhaivaayil pakkavaattu jannalgal mattrum pilaastarkalaal soozhappattullathu, avai oru architrave mattrum irandaavathu maadikku irumbu-balcani varai uyarum. veettin udpuram pala sirantha mudivugalai thakka vaitthuk kondullathu, iruppinum adhan mael maadi padukkaiyaraigalil sila santhippu idangkalaaka maattrappattullana, maelum kilakku velippura suvarin perumbaguthi periya santhippu privukku anugalai vazhangkuvatharkaaga agattrappattathu. 1920 aam aandil inththa veedu kattapatta josaph daniels, 20 aam noottraandil kadarpadaiyin miga mukkiyamaana america seyalaalargalil oruvaraaga irunthaar, 1913 muthal 1921 varai janathipathi vutro willson keezh paniyaattrinaar. muthalaam ulagap poarin poathu daniels kadarpadaiyai poarkkaala nilaikku kondu vanthaar, maelum adhan seyalpaadugal mattrum nadaimuraigalil pala maempaadugal mattrum seerthiruththangalai maerpaarvaiyittaar. avar aezhai mattrum kalviyarivattra paniyaalarkalukku kalvi vaaippugalai valangkinaar, penkalaip pathivu seiya valangkinaar, athikaariyin messil irunthu madhuvaith thadai seithaar, maelum arasaangka oppanthaththil koottu aela nadaimuraigalai ethirththup poaraadinaar. pinnar avar mexicovil amerikkath thootharaaga paniyaattrinaar, angku avar america ennei nalangalai ethirththup poaraaduvathan moolam avarkalin nigazhchchi niralai ookkuvikka marutthaar. pipravari 2021 ill, raali nagara sabai soththin varalaattru milecal anthasthai rathu seiya vaakkaliththathu, josephus daniels, "seithi & paarvaiyaalar" seithiththaal mattrum 1898 aam aandin wilmington kilarchi aagiyavattrudan adhan thodarbu kaaranamaaga. inththa veedu 10 maarch 2021 andru beaken street casewell ell. ell. chii. aall vaangkappattathu mattrum august 2021 ill kizhikkappattathu.

josephus daniels house josephus daniels house, dheenini wakestone anie kooda pilustaaru, taruvaata raalee yokka raathi aalayam, uttara karolinaloni raaleelooni 1520 caswell veedhiloo unna chaaritraatmaka bhavanam. 1920loe nirminchina idhi, 1948loe ayana maranam varaku adhyakshudu vudro willson aadhvaryamlo naukaadala karyadarshi ayina josephus daniels nivasamga, mariyu aadhunika 20va sataabdapu samyukta raashtraala naukaadala abhivruddhilo oka pradhana saktigaa undedi. idhi 1976loe jaateeya chaaritraka mylurayiga prakatinchabadindi. daniels maranam taruvaata dheenini sthaanika freemasonlu konugolu chesaaru, vaaru bhavananiki cherpulu chesi, 21va sataabdamloo dheenini tama samavesa mandiramgaa upayoginchadam konasaaginchaaru. unnata sthaayi gruhaala kotta abhivruddhiki maargam sugamam cheyadaaniki 2021 augustulo eee bhavananni kuulchiveesaaru. vivarana mariyu charitra. maajee daniels intiki josephus bhaarya, adi viluva bagli daniels dwara wakestone anie paeru pettaru. idhi down town raaleeki uttaraana unna nivaasa praantamloo, thoorpuna glenwood avenue (united states maargam 70), dakshinaana wade avenue mariyu paschimaana caswell veedhi dwara sarihaddulugaa unna oka prakruti drushya paarsillo undhi, ikkada pradhana drive aastiloki pravesistundi. eee aasti uttaraana unna itara nivaasa aastula nundi oka kanche dwara vaeru cheyabadindi. illu paschimam vaipu mukhamgaa undhi, paschimam mariyu dakshinaana parking praantaalaku (gatamlo daniels unchina thotala pradaesaalu) pravesaanni andinche vakra drive thoo. illu oka antastula raathi nirmaanam, sumaruga yuu-aakaaramlo, oka deerghachaturasraakaara pradhana block mariyu rendu rekkalu thoorpu vaipu venukaku vistarinchi unnaayi. rendu venuka rekkala madhya unna praantam 1950laloe mesanlu jodinchina pedda samavesa sthalamtho marinta thoorpuna vistarinchabadindi. eee adanamgaa pradhana intiki samaanamaina raatitoe nirminchabadindi, mariyu mundu nundi chuusinatlugaa inti veekshanha nundi dhooram kaadu. wakestone nuu "prapanchamlone atichinna naukaadala sthaavaram" gaa kooda abhivarninchaaru. sthaanika puraanaala prakaram, naukaadalam nundi padavee viramana chesina taruvaata, athani mundu yardlo naukaadala tupaakeeni unchamani daniels koraru. athani abhyardhananu puurti cheyadaaniki, aastilo oka chinna bhaganni naukaadala sthaavaramgaa niyaminchaalsi vachindi. adhi migili undagaa, tupaki bhavanam mundu vaakili mundu undhi. inti mundu mukhabhaagamlo naalugu-niluvu varusala neoclassical greek portico aadhipatyam chelaayistundi, daani stambhaalu eejiptu raajadhaanulato kappabadi, puurtigaa pedimented gableku maddatu istayi. pradhana pravesha dwaaram pakkaki kitikeelu mariyu pilasterlatho chuttabadi undhi, ivi rendava antastuku oka architrav mariyu inupa-ballastrade baalkaneeki perugutaayi. inti lopali bhaagam aneka chakkati finishlanu kaligi undhi, ayinappatikee daani paie antastulo konni bedd roomulu samavesa pradaesaalugaa marchabaddayi, mariyu thoorpu bayati godalo ekkuva bhaagam pedda samavesa vibhaagaaniki pravesaanni andinchadaaniki tolaginchabadindi. 1920loe eee intini nirminchina josephus daniels, 20va sataabdamloo naukaadalaaniki atyanta mukhyamaina yuu. ess. kaaryadarsulalo okaru, 1913 nundi 1921 varaku adhyakshudu vudro willson aadhvaryamlo panicheesaaru. daniels modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo naavikaadalaanni yuddhakaala sthithiki teesukuvacchaaru, mariyu daani karyakalapalu mariyu paddhatulalo aneka merugudalalu mariyu samskaranalanu paryaveekshinchaaru. athanu paedha mariyu niraksharaasyulaina sibbandiki vidya avakaasaalanu andinchaadu, mahilala namodu kosam andinchaadu, adhikari yokka mess nundi madyam nishedhinchaadu mariyu prabhutva oppandamlo kutrapurita velampata paddhatulanu edurkonnadu. taruvaata athanu mexicolo united states rayabariga panicheesaadu, akkada athanu vaari ejendaanu prothsahinchadaaniki niraakarinchadam dwara american chamuru prayojanaalanu vyatirekinchaadu. fibravari 2021loe, raalee nagara mandali aasti yokka chaaritraka mylurayi hodaanu upasamharinchukovadaaniki ootu vesindi, idhi josephus daniels, "nyuus & abserver" vaartaapatrika mariyu 1898 wilmington tirugubaatu kaaranamgaa nivedinchabadindi. eee intini 10 marchi 2021naa beacon streat caswell llc konugolu chesindi mariyu augustu 2021loe koolchiveyabadindi.

jozafs denails house jozafs denails hows jasay wexton bhee kahaa jaataa hay aur baad mein reeli kaa mesonik temple shamali carolina kay reeli mein 1520 kees weel strait parr eek tarikhi haweeli thee. 1920 mein tameer kiyaa gayaa yaha 1948 mein inn kii moth takk sadr vodro walasan kay maatehat bahriyah kay screetry jozafs denails kaa gahar thaa aur 20 wein sadee kii jadeed riyasathaye muthadah kii bahriyah kii tarqi mein eek bury qoot thee. asay 1976 mein eek qomi tarikhi tarikhi nashaan qaraar diyaa gayaa thaa. denails kii moth kay baad asay maqami free messions nay khareed liyaa jinhon nay emarat mein izafah kiyaa aur 21 wein sadee takk asay apnay metting haal kay toor parr istemaal karnaa jaari rakhaa. aalee darjay kay gharoon kii nayee tarqi kii raah hamwaar karnay kay liye agast 2021 mein emarat kuu manhadam kirr diyaa gayaa thaa. tareekh aur wazahat. saabiq denail kay gahar kaa naam jozaf kii bewi aidy warth begli denails nay veek stone rakhaa thaa. yaha shehar kay markaz kay shehar reeli kay shamaal mein eek rehaishi elaqay mein waaqa hay eek zameen kii tazyeen kay parcel parr juu mashriq mein gleen wode avenio (riyasathaye muthadah kaa raastah 70)yee janub mein weed avenio aur maghrab mein kasweel strait say gharaa hawaa hay jehaan markazi drive property mein daakhil hoti hay. jayedad kuu shamaal mein deegar rehaishi jayedadon say hejro kay zariye alg kiyaa jaataa hay. gahar maghrab kii taraf murh kirr hay jiss mein eek manhani drive hay juu maghrab aur janub mein parking kay elaqon takk rasayi farahim karti hay (pehley denails kay zariah rakhay gayey baghat kii jaghein). yaha gahar eek manzilah pathar kaa dahancha hay juu taqriba yuu kii shakal kaa hay jiss mein eek aaitakar markazi block aur duu paroon kay saath mashriq kii taraf peeche kii taraf phaila hawaa hay. duu pachlay wangaz kay darmiyan kay elaqay kuu 1950 kii dahayi mein mesnon kay zariah eek bury mulaqat kii jagah kay saath mazeed mashriq mein bharaa aur badhaya gayaa hay. yaha izafah markazi gahar say miltay jaltay pathar say banaya gayaa hay aur gahar kay manzar say hatta nahein hay jaisa kahh saamney say dekha jaataa hay. veek stone kuu "duniya kaa sabb say chhota bahri addah" bhee qaraar diyaa gayaa thaa. maqami rawayat kay mutabiq bahriyah say retire honay parr denails nay kahaa kahh iss kay saamney kay sahan mein eek bahri bandoq rakhee jaaye. iss kii darkhwast kuu makmal karnay kay liyay samjha jaataa hay kahh jayedad kay eek chhotay say hasay kuu bahri aday kay toor parr namzad karnaa padaa. jabb takk bandoq baaqi thee emarat kay saamney kay porch kay saamney mojud thee. gahar kay saamney waalay agwade parr chaar kalimon waalay neo classical yunani portico kaa ghalbah hay iss kay kaalim masri darulhukumaton say dahkay hoay haine aur eek makmal toor parr pedimented gable kii himayat kartay haine. markazi darwazay kay itraaf mein side light khidkiyan aur plaster haine juu dosri manzal kay liye eek architrio aur lohay say banay balkoni takk pahunchtay haine. gahar kay androni hasay mein behat saaree emdah takmeel barqarar hay halankah iss kay oopar kay kachh beedd romaz kuu metting kii jighon mein tabdil kirr diyaa gayaa hay aur mashriqi beruni dewaar kay beshtar hasay kuu baday metting wing takk rasayi farahim karnay kay liye hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. jozafs denials jinn kay liye yaha gahar 1920 mein banaya gayaa thaa 20 wein sadee mein bahriyah kay sabb say aham americi secretariyon mein say eek thay jinhon nay 1913 say 1921 takk sadr vodro walasan kay door mein khidmaat anjaam dain. denails nay pehli jung azeem kay doraan bahriyah kuu jangi satah parr laaya aur iss kay operations aur tareeqon mein behat see behtariyon aur aslahaat kii nigrani kii. inhon nay gharib aur nakhwandah ahalkaron kay liye taleemi mawaqa farahim kiyay khwatin kay andraj kii farahami kii afsar kii mees say sharaab parr pabandi lagaa dee aur sarkaari muahide mein gath joad boli kay tareeqon kaa muqabilah kiyaa. baad mein inhon nay mexico mein riyasathaye muthadah kay safeer kay toor parr khidmaat anjaam dain jehaan inhon nay americi teel kay mufadat kay agenday kuu farogh deenay say ankaar kirr kay inn kii mukhalifat kii. faroori 2021 mein reeli stee konsal nay jayedad kii tarikhi tarikhi haisiyat kuu mansukh karnay kay liye woat diyaa mubinah toor parr josafs denails "newz aind aabzaror" akhbaar aur 1898 kii wilmington baghawat kay saath iss kii waabistagi kii wajah say. yaha gahar 10 maarch 2021 kuu bekan strait kees weel eel eel see nay kharida thaa aur agast 2021 mein asay giraa diyaa gayaa thaa.

0001777a58a794a6a8210941a11c090218237f7536b855753fca94334cc12cbb

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki?curid=3358797

Therry, John Joseph (DNB00)

Therry, John Joseph (DNB00)

therry, joonn joseph (dii. enn. bii. 100)

therry, johnn joseph (dii. aine. bii. 100)

thery, zohn joseph (dii. enn. bii. 100)

therry, john josaf (dee. ainn. bee. 100)

therry, jaan joseph (dee. enn. bee. 100)

00017906d9853dd15d46a7b64d7e80dc761b5e943d117c39bc59913862bde291

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56196232

Dior Angus

Dior Angus English footballer Dior Thomas Angus (born 18 January 1994) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for National League club Altrincham. Angus began his career in non-League football, playing for Solihull Moors, Leamington (on loan), Banbury United (on loan), Kidderminster Harriers, Worcester City (on loan), Daventry Town, Stratford Town and Redditch United. He earned a move to Port Vale in January 2018 after he scored 17 goals for Redditch in the first half of the 2017–18 season. From Vale he was loaned out to Tamworth, Nuneaton Borough and Barrow, before he joined Barrow on a permanent contract in May 2019. He helped Barrow to win promotion into the Football League as champions of the National League in the 2019–20 season, before moving on to Wrexham in January 2021. He was sold on to Harrogate Town in September 2022 and joined Altrincham in June 2023. Career. Non-league. Angus began his career at Solihull Moors under the management of Marcus Bignot. He joined Southern League Premier Division side Leamington on loan during 2011–12 pre-season, and scored twice on his first-team debut in a 4–1 victory over Highgate United in the opening round of the Birmingham Senior Cup on 27 September. However, he featured just twice more and failed to break into the starting eleven. He went on join Southern League Premier Division rivals Banbury United on loan, scoring four goals from 21 appearances. He made his debut for Solihull on 13 October 2012, in 2–0 win over Guiseley at Damson Park. He scored his first goal for the Moors on 20 November, in a 2–2 draw at Boston United. He went on to score seven goals from 33 appearances throughout the 2012–13 campaign. On 17 June 2013, Angus signed a one-year contract with Conference Premier club Kidderminster Harriers. He was loaned out to Worcester City of the Conference North, but was sent back to Aggborough on 25 November after refusing to play for Worcester in the FA Trophy. He made six appearances for the "Carpetmen" before being released in January 2014. He returned to Solihull Moors, and scored one goal in 12 games in the second half of the 2013–14 season. On 26 June 2014, Angus joined Southern League Division One Central club Daventry Town. He made ten appearances in the 2014–15 season, scoring two goals. He then moved up a division to join Stratford Town. He scored five goals from 41 appearances in the 2015–16 season. On 2 December 2016, Angus joined Redditch United, becoming manager Darren Byfield's third acquisition from Stratford Town that season. He ended the 2016–17 campaign with two goals from 23 games for the "Reds" and one goal from nine games for Stratford. He scored 17 goals from 23 appearances in the first half of the 2017–18 season. Port Vale. On 1 January 2018, Angus signed an 18-month contract with EFL League Two side Port Vale. Despite Angus not being under contract at Redditch, Port Vale offered the club a pre-season friendly and some loan signings in compensation. Manager Neil Aspin said there was no pressure Angus to make an instant impact at Vale Park. He made his first-team debut on 6 January, coming on as a 75th-minute substitute for Marcus Harness in a 1–0 defeat at Forest Green Rovers. On 22 March, he joined National League North side Tamworth on loan until the end of the 2017–18 season. He scored three goals in six games for the "Lambs", though his loan spell at The Lamb Ground was cut short after Tamworth's relegation was confirmed. He returned to Port Vale and scored his first goal from his first start in the English Football League on 28 April, in a 2–1 home defeat to Carlisle United. After the game Aspin said that "I really hope that he can produce it at this level [League Two], but there is no pressure on him". On 19 July 2018, he joined National League North side Nuneaton Borough on loan, along with "Valiants" teammate Mike Calveley. He returned to Port Vale on 3 January after having scored 13 goals for 25 appearances in the first half of the 2018–19 season despite "Boro" being rooted to the bottom of the league table. He said his time at Liberty Way meant a lot to him as his father was a former player at the club, though the club's financial crisis meant his own spell there was "interesting but enjoyable"; he noted that "I have never played in a team where we have had three different home kits from the start of the season to this point". Barrow. On 15 January 2019, Angus joined National League side Barrow on loan until the end of the 2018–19 season. He picked up an ankle injury in March and was subsequently warned by manager Ian Evatt not to rush his recovery in the hope of returning to fitness early and proving himself worthy of a contract in the few remaining games of the season. Vale manager John Askey confirmed that he would not be offering Angus a new contract on 16 May. Four days later, Angus signed a one-year contract at Barrow, with the option for a further 12 months. He signed a new contract in January 2020 to keep him at the club until summer 2021, with the option of an extra year. Despite undergoing a 14-game drought spell at the start of the 2019–20 season, he went on to form an effective strike partnership with Scott Quigley and the "Bluebirds" were top of the National League when the league was suspended due to the coronavirus pandemic in March 2020. Though the season was not resumed, Barrow went on to be promoted to the Football League as National League champions. Wrexham. On 1 February 2021, Angus signed for National League side Wrexham on an 18-month contract after leaving Barrow. Injuries to Kwame Thomas and Jordan Ponticelli left Angus as the only fit striker available to manager Dean Keates in early April. Having scored six goals by the start of May, Angus said that the "Red Dragons" play-off campaign was "ours to lose". However, Wrexham missed out on the play-offs after drawing with Dagenham & Redbridge on the final day of the 2020–21 season. The club took up an option to extend his contract by an additional 12 months in January 2022, with manager Phil Parkinson stating that "he's had a frustrating time through injury and illness, but with his contract now sorted early in the transfer window, we are now focused completely on getting Dior back up to speed". He featured 21 times in the 2021–22 season, though was not in the matchday squad for the play-off semi-final defeat to Grimsby Town at the Racecourse Ground or the 2022 FA Trophy final defeat to Bromley at Wembley Stadium. He was also not named in a matchday squad in the first six games of the 2022–23 campaign. Harrogate Town. On 1 September 2022, Angus returned to the Football League to join Harrogate Town for an undisclosed fee. He had to wait until 7 January to make his home debut at Wetherby Road, following a frustrating four-month spell with ankle ligament injuries and illnesses. He made nine appearances in the 2022–23 campaign, including only one league start. Altrincham. He joined National League club Altrincham in June 2023, where manager Phil Parkinson looked to add competition for striker Regan Linney. Style of play. Angus is a forward who describes his style of play as being about "goals, pace [and] work rate". Personal life. Angus worked as an electrician and a model prior to turning professional in 2018. He is the son of Terry Angus, a defender who played for Northampton Town and Fulham. "As of match played 26 August 2023" Career statistics. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> Honours. Barrow References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

dier engas dier thomas engas (jonmo 18 january 1994) ejon ingraji pesadari football kheluwoi ji club altrinchamor baabe forward hisape khele. engase nono-leeg footbolot teur keriyar aarombho korisil, cho 'lihal murso, leimington (rinot), benbari united (rinot), kidderminster harrier, warchester chiti (rinot), deventry taaun, stratford taaun aaru readys unitedor hoi khelisil. 2018 sonor januaryt 2017-18 sijonor prothom ordhot redisor baabe 17taa go "lo korar pisot teu poo" rt veloloi ek podokhyep laabh korisil. 2019 sonor mey "maahot sthayi suktit berut jugdan korar aagote belor poraa teuk temworth, nuneton bor 'aaru ber' loi rino diya hoisil. 2021 sonor januaryt rexhamoloi juwar aagote teu ber 'koo 2019-20 sijonor rastriyo leegor champion hisape football leegot prosar laabh korat xohay korisil. teuk 2022 sonor septemborot harogate townoloi bikri koraa hoisil aaru 2023 sonor june maahot ultrinchamot jugdan korisil. keriyar. nono-leeg. engase marcus bignotor porisalonar odhinot sulihal mursot teur keriyar aarombho korisil. teu dokhyin leegor primiyar dibhijonor doll leimingtonot praak-sijonor xomoyot rinot jugdan korisil, aaru 27 septemborot birmingham siniyar kaapor udwudhoni roundot highgate unitedor uporot 4-1 ror bijoyot teur prothom dolor aatmoprokaxot dubar go "lo korisil. obosye teu maatro dubarkoi odhik obhinoy korisil aaru aarombhonir egharkhonot prowex korat byortho hoisil. teu dokhyin leegor primiyar dibhijonor protidondi benbari unitedot rinor bhittit jugdan korisil, 21khon khelot sarita go "lo xongroho korisil. 2012 sonor 13 octoborot demson parkot gijelir biruddhe 2-0 go "loto joy laabh kori teu cho" lihalor hoi aatmoprokax korisil. 20 novemborot boaston unitedot 2-2ror dro "too teu mursor baabe prothom go" lo korisil. teu gutei 2012-13 prosar obhijanor xomoyot 33taa uposthitir poraa xatota go "lo korisil. 2013 sonor 17 junot engase primiyar club kidderminster harriersor xoite ebosoror sukti swakhyor kore. teuk uttor xonmilonor warchester sohoroloi rino diya hoisil, kintu faa trofito warchesteror hoi kheliboloi oswikar korar pisot 25 novemborot egboruloi ghurai pothiuwa hoisil. 2014 sonor januaryt mukti puwar aagote teu "carpetman" ror baabe soita uposthiti dekhuwaisil. teu cho 'lihal mursoloi ubhoti aahisil, aaru 2013-14 sijonor dwitiyo ordhot 12khon khelot etaa go' lo korisil. 2014 sonor 26 junot engase dokhyin leeg bibhag etaa kendriyo club deventry sohorot jugdan kore. teu 2014-15 sijonot dohta uposthiti dekhuwaisil, dutaa go "lo korisil. taar pisot teu stratford sohorot jugdan koriboloi etaa bibhagoloi sthanantorito hoisil. teu 2015-16 sijonot 41taa uposthitir poraa pasta go "lo korisil. 2016 sonor 2 disemborot engase readys unitedot jugdan kore, aaru xei sijonor stratford sohoror poraa menezar daren bifieldor tritiyo odhigrohon hoy. teu "reds" ror baabe 23khon khelor poraa dutaa go "lo aaru stratfordor baabe 9khon khelor poraa etaa go" lor xoite 2016-17 obhijan xomapto korisil. teu 2017-18 sijonor prothom ordhot 23taa uposthitir poraa 17taa go "lo korisil. port bhel. 2018 sonor 1 januaryt engase efl leeg tu side port velor xoite 18 maahor sukti swakhyor kore. radisot engas suktir odhinot nothoka swotweu, poo 'rt bhaale clubtuk ek praak-ritur onukul aaru kichu rinor swakhyor kori khyotipuronor prostab disil. menezar nill espine koichil je bhel parkot tatkhyonik probhab pelabor baabe kunu saap engas nasil. teu 6 januaryt foresto green ror "bharsot 1-0ror porajoyot marcus hernesor 75 minutor bikolpo hisape aahi prothom-dolor aatmoprokax korisil. 22 marchot teu rinor bhittit rastriyo leegor uttor faalor temworthot jugdan korisil 2017-18 sijonor xexoloike. teu "lambs" ror baabe soikhon khelot tinita go "lo korisil, jodiu temworthor relegation nischito huwar pisot lemb groundot teur rinor speltu hraax koraa hoisil. teu poo 'rt veloloi ubhoti aahisil aaru 28 aprilot ingraji football leegot teur prothom aarombhonir porai teur prothom go' lotu korisil, carlis unitedor haatot 2-1ror ghoruwa porajoyot. khelkhonor pisot espine koichil je "moi xosakoiye aaxa koru je teu iyak ei storot [leeg tu] prostut koribo paribo, kintu teur uporot kunu saap naai". 2018 sonor 19 julyte teu "valents" xotirtho maik kelvelir xoite rinor bhittit nesnel leeg northo side nuneton borut jugdan korisil. leeg tebulor tolot "boru" ror mool thokar pisotu 2018-19 sijonor prothom ordhangxot 25taa uposthitir baabe 13taa go "lo korar pisot 3 januaryt teu poo" rt veloloi ubhoti aahisil. teu koichil je teur swadhinotar xomoyot teur baabe bohut ortho aasil kiyonu teur deutak clubber ejon prakton kheluwoi aasil, jodiu clubber bittiyo xongkotor ortho aasil teur nijor spell "aakorxoniyo kintu upobhugyo"; teu ullekh korisil je "aami ketiyau etaa dolot khelaa naai zo 'too aamar sijonor aarombhonir poraa ei porjyonto tinita beleg beleg ghoruwa kitt aase. baaru. 2019 sonor 15 januaryt engase 2018-19 sijonor xexoloike rinor baabe rastriyo leegor pokhyor berut jugdan korisil. teu marchot gurit aaghat paisil aaru poroborti xomoyot menezar ian ibhate teuk xotorko korisil je teu xunkale xustho hoi ubhoti ohaar aaru sijonor keitaman baaki khelot nijoke suktir jugyo buli proman korar aaxat teur xustho huwar baabe drut noho 'bob. velor menezar john aaskiye nischito korisil je teu 16 mey 'too engasok notun suktir prostab nidibo. saridinor pisot, engase byarut ek bosoror sukti swakhyor kore, aaru 12 maahor baabe bikolpotur xoite. teu 2020 sonor januaryt ek otirikto bosoror bikolpor xoite 2021 sonor grishmokaloloike klabot rakhiboloi ek notun sukti swakhyor korisil. 2019-20 sijonor aarombhonite 14-ge 'morr khorangro xomoy otibahito korar pisotu, teu scott kuigolir xoite ek pholoproxu strike ongxidaritwo gothon koriboloi goisil aaru 2020 sonor march maahot korr' naa bhairas mohamarir baabe leeg sthogito huwar xomoyot "bluebirds" rastriyo leegor xirxosthanot aasil. jodiu sijontu punor aarombho huwa nasil, baaru rastriyo leeg champion hisape football leegoloi unnit hoisil. rexham. 2021 sonor 1 februaryt, engase beru eri juwar pisot 18 maahor suktit rastriyo leegor pokhyor rexhyamor baabe swakhyor korisil. kuwame thomas aaru jordan pontikellir aaghator folot aprilor aarombhonite menezar dinn kitxor baabe upolobdho ekmatro fitt striker hisape engas eri goisil. mey 'maahor aarombhonite soita go' lo korar pisot engase koichil je "redd dragon" ror play-off obhijantu "aamar heruwabo logaa" aasil. obosye 2020-21 sijonor ontim dintut degenheim endo redbridgeor xoite dro "korar pisot rexheme play-ofot baad porisil. klabkhone 2022 sonor januaryt otirikto 12 maahor baabe teur sukti briddhi korar bikolpo grohon korisil, menezar fill parkinsone koichil je "aaghat aaru oxusthotar folot teu hotaxajonok xomoy paar korisil, kintu teur sukti etiya trensfer windut aarombhonite chart korar xoite, aami etiya xompurnorupe monuniwex korisu. teu 2021-22 sijonot 21 baar obhinoy korisil, jodiu rescourse khelpotharot grimsobi townor haatot play-off semi-finalot porasto huwar baabe baa wembly stadiumot bromolir haatot 2022 faa trophir finalot porasto huwar baabe mess-day dolot nasil. 2022-23 prosaror prothom soikhon khelot teuk mesde scowadotu naam diya huwa nasil. herugate sohor. 2022 sonor 1 septemborot engase ek obogoto masulor baabe harogate sohorot jugdan koriboloi football leegoloi ubhoti aahisil. girir ligamentor aaghat aaru rugor xoite hotaxajonok chaari maahor pisot wetherby rudot ghorot aatmoprokax koriboloi teu 7 januaryloike opekhya koribologiya hoisil. teu 2022-23 obhijanot notaa uposthiti dekhuwaisil, jaar bhitorot kewol etaa leeg aarombhoni aasil. ultrinchum. teu 2023 sonor june maahot rastriyo leeg club ultrinchamot jugdan korisil, zo 'too menezar fill parkinsone striker regan linir baabe protijugita jug diboloi bisarisil. khelor xoili. engas ejon forward jiye teur khelor xoilik "lokhyo, goti [aaru] kaamor haar" buli bornona kore. byoktigoto jiwan. engase 2018 sonot pesadari huwar aagote ejon electrician aaru model hisape kaam korisil. teu northompton taaun aaru fulhamor hoi khelaa ejon defender terry engasor putro. xonman. baaru

dier angus dier thomas angus (jonmo 18 januari 1994) ekjon ingrez peshadar football kheload jini club ultrinchamer hoye ekjon forroard hisebe khelen. aaa-leeg football theke angus taar karmajiban shuru corren, solihal moors, lemington (riner vittite), banbury united (riner vittite), kidderminster harriers, oyarsestara city (riner vittite), deventry town, stratford town ebong reddich uniteder hoye khelen. 2018 saaler januaryte tini porta vele choley zaan, jokhon tini 2017-18 morshumer prothomardhe reddicher jonno 17tii goal corren. 2019 saaler meey maase ekti sthayi chuktite byarote jogdaner agey taake tamworth, nuneton boro ebong byarote dhaar deoa hoyechilo. 2021 saaler januaryte rexhame yawar agey, tini jatiya liger champion hisabe football lige padonnati petey byaroke sahajyo korechilen. taake 2022 saaler septembore harrogate shohore bikri koraa hoyechilo ebong 2023 saaler june maase ultrinchame jog deoa hoyechilo. karmajiban. nonn-ligg. angus marcus bignoter porichalonar adhine solihal murse taar karmajiban shuru korechilen. tini dakkhin leeg premiere dibhishana side lemingtone jog deena 2011-12 praka-morshume riner upor, ebong 27 septembara birmingham senior kaaper udwodhoni rounde highgate uniteder biruddhe 4-1 byabodhane joylav korey taar prothom doler atmoprokasher somoy duibar score corren. tobey tini matro doo 'barr abhinoy korechilen ebong shurur egarote probesh korte byartho hoyechilen. tini 21tii matche charti goal korey riner binimoye soudern liger premiere dibhishaner protidwondi banbury united-ayee jog deena. 2012 saaler 13ee octobor damson parke gislir biruddhe 2-0 byabodhane joylav korey tini solihuler hoye atmoprokash corren. 20 navembar boston uniteder 2-2 dra-ayee tini murder hoye taanr prothom golti corren. tini 2012-13 campaign judey 33 tii uposthiti theke satti goal korechilen. 17 june 2013-ayee, angus conferences premiere club kidderminster harrierser saathe eka bochorer chukti swakkhar corren. tini uttor sommeloner oyarsestara shohore rino niyechilen, kintu fa trophyte worcester hoye khelte aswikar korar porr 25 navembar agbarote ferat pathano hoy. 2014 saaler januaryte mukti pawar agey tini "carpetman"-err jonno chhoyti uposthiti korechilen. tini solihal moor-ayee firey esechilen ebong 2013-14 morshumer dwitiardhe 12tii khelay ekti goal korechilen. 2014 saaler 26shhey june angus dakkhin leeg bibhag oyana central club deventry shohore jog deena. tini 2014-15 morshume dashti uposthiti korechilen, duti goal korechilen. erpor tini stratford shohore jog deoar jonno ekti bibhag sthanantorito corren. tini 2015-16 morshume 41tii matche panchti goal corren. 2 december 2016-ayee, angus reddich united-ayee jog deena, seii morshume stratford shohor theke manager darren bifielder tritiya adhigrahan hoye othen. tini 23tii khelay "reds"-err jonno duti goal ebong stratforder jonno noyti khelay ekti goal korey 2016-17 abhijan shesh corren. tini 2017-18 morshumer prothomardhe 23tii matche 17tii goal corren. porta valley. 2018 saaler 1laa januari, angus efl ligg too side porta bhyaler saathe 18 maaser chukti swakkhar corren. reddiche angus chuktir adhine naa thaka sotteo, porta valley clubtike ekti praka-morsum bondhuttopurno ebong khotipuroner jonno kichhu rino swakkhorer prostab deyo. manager nill aspin bollen, valley parke tatkhonik prabhab feller jonno konao chup nei. 6 januari tini prothom-doley atmoprokash corren, forrest grin roverser 1-0 porajoye marcus herneser 75tomo minuter bikalpa hisabe asen. 22 march, tini jatiya leeg north side tamworth rino niye 2017-18 morsumer shesh porjonto jog deena. tini "lambs"-err jonno chhoyti khelay tinti goal korechilen, jodio tamworth abanman nischito howar porey lamb grounde taanr riner samaykal kaata hoyechilo. tini porta vele firey asen ebong 28shhey april inglish football lige taanr prothom shuru theke prothom golti corren, carlisel uniteder kachhe 2-1 gole porajito hohn. khelar porr aspin bolechilo jey "aami sottii aasha corry jey seey eyi store [leeg dui] etty toiri korte paare, kintu taar upor konao chup nei. 2018 saaler 19shhey julai, tini "valiants" sotirtho maik calvelir saathe riner vittite jatiya leeg uttor diker nuneton borote jog deena. boro" leeg tabiler neeche thaka sotteo 2018-19 morshumer prothomardhe 25tii matche 13tii goal korar porr tini 3 januari porta vele firey asen. tini bollen, taar swadhinota somoy taar jonno onek guruttopurno chhilo kaaron taar baba cluber ekjon praktan kheload chhilen, jodio cluber arthik sangkater ortho chhilo taar nijer spell sekhane "akarshaniya kintu upobhoggo"; tini ullekh korechilen jey "aami kokhono emon ekti doley kheli nee jekhane amader morsumer shuru theke eyi somoy porjonto tinti vinno home kitt chhilo. barrow. 15 januari 2019-ayee, angus 2018-19 morsumer shesh porjonto riner upor jatiya leeg side byarote jog deena. tini march maase godalite aghat paan ebong porobortikale manager iyana ivat taake tadatadi sustho hoye othar jonno sotorko korechilen jaate tini tadatadi sustho hoye firey asen ebong morsumer bucky koyekti khelay nijeke chuktir jogyo proman korte paren. valley manager john aski nischito korechen jey tini 16 meey anguske ekti notun chukti deben naa. chaar deane porr, angus byarote eka bochorer chukti swakkhar corren, ebong arow 12 maaser jonno bikalpati swakkhar corren. tini 2020 saaler januaryte ekti notun chukti swakkhar corren jaate taake 2021 saaler grisso porjonto clubey rakha yaay, ekti atirikto bochorer bikalpa soho. 2019-20 morshumer shurute 14-gemer khorar somoy paar haoya sotteo, tini scott quiglir saathe ekti karjokor strike partnership gathon korechilen ebong 2020 saaler march maase coronviruses mahamarir karone leaguety sthogito howar somoy "bluebirds" jatiya liger shirshe chhilo. jodio morsumti punra shuru hoyney, barrow jatiya leeg champion hisabe football lige unnito hoyechilo. rexham. 2021 saaler 1 february, angus barrow chhede yawar porey 18 maaser chuktite jatiya leeg side rexhamer jonno swakkhar corren. quam thomas ebong jordan ponticellir aghat anguske chhede deyo kaaron apriler shurute manager dinn kitser jonno ekmatro phita striker upolobdho chhilo. meey maaser shurute chhoyti goal korar porr angus bollen jey "reeda dragon" play-off campainti "amader harte hobey". tobey 2020-21 morshumer shesh diney duggenham anned redbridger saathe dra korar porey rexham play-offe miss korechilen. clubti 2022 saaler januaryte taar chukti arow 12 maas badanor bikalpa grohon korey, manager phila parkinson bolechilen jey "chote ebong oshusthotar madhyome taar hotashajonok somoy chhilo, kintu taar chuktiti ekhon sthanantar windor prothom dike sajano hoyeche, amra ekhon sampurnarupe mononibesh korchi goti firey pawar dike. tini 2021-22 morsume 21 barr ongshogrohon korechilen, jodio rescourse grounde grimsby towner kachhe play-off semi-final porajoyer jonno match-deey doley chhilen naa baa 2022 saaler fa trophy finale wabley stadiume bromlir kachhe porajito hohn. 2022-23 procharonar prothom chhoyti khelay taake matcher diner doleo rakha hoyney. harogate shohor. 2022 saaler 1 septembara, angus ekti aprokashito mulye harrogate shohore jog deoar jonno football leagay firey asen. godalir ligamenter aghat ebong oshusthotar saathe hotashajonok chaar maaser speler porey, oyedarbi roade taar home atmoprokash korte taake 7 januari porjonto apekkha korte hoyechilo. tini 2022-23 prochare noyti uposthiti korechilen, jaar modhye cable ekti leeg shuru chhilo. ultrincham. tini 2023 saaler june maase jatiya leeg club ultrinchame jog deena, jekhane manager phila parkinson striker regan linir jonno protijogita jog korte cheyechilen. khelar shaili. angus ekjon forroard jini taanr khelar shoilike "lakkhya, goti [ebong] kaajer haar" hisabe bornona corren. byaktigato jeebon. angus 2018 saale peshadar howar agey ekjon electrician ebong model hisabe kaaj korechilen. tini terry anguser chhele, ekjon defender jini northampton town ebong fulhamer hoye khelechilen. sommanona. barrow

dier angus dier thomas angus (janm 18 january 1994) aek angreji vyaavsaayik footballer chhe jeey club ultrincham maate aagalnaa khelaadi tareeke ramey chhe. angsay none-leag footballma potaani karkidrini sharuaat curry, solihul moors, lamington (loona parr), benbury united (loona parr), kidderminster harriers, warcester ciity (loona parr), deventry taaun, straitford taaun aneey redditch united maate ramyo. tene january angsay porta vele taraf aagad vadhvani kamaani curry hatee, jyaare tene 2017-18 seasonna pahelaa bhagma redditch maate 17 goal karyaa hataa. meey meey kaayamee karaar parr beromaa jodaata pahelaa, tene temworth, neuneton baroo aneey berone loona aapvama aavee hatee. tene january january raxham taraf aagad vadhata pahelaa, 2019-20 seasonma raashtriy leegnaa champiyan tareeke football leegma badhatee jitvama madad curry hatee. tene september january herogate townma vechvaamaa aavyo hato aneey juuna juuna ultrincham jodaayo hato. karkirdi. none-leag. angsay potaani karkidrini sharuaat solihul moors khaate marqasa bignotnaa sanchalan hethal curry hatee. teey 2011-12 prii-season darmiyan loona parr dakshini leag premiere division baaju lamingtonma jodaayo hato, aneey 27 septembernaa roj birmingham siniyara kapnaa praarambhik roundma highget united parr 4-1 thee jeetma tenee pratham-teamnee sharuaat parr beey vaar sqora karyo hato. jooe keey, temane maatra beey vaar vadhu pradarshan karyoo aneey sharuaatnaa ageeyarma pravesh karvaamaa nishfal rahyaa. teey dakshini leegnaa premiere division harif benbury unitedma loona parr jodaayo, jemaa tene 21 dekhavmathi chaar goal karyaa. tene 13 october october roj solihul maate debue karyoo hatoo, damson paark khaate giseli parr 2-0 thee jeet melvee hatee. tene 20 novembernaa roj boostana united khaate 2-2 thee dromaa moors maate potaano pratham goal karyo hato. temane samagr 2012-13 abhiyaan darmiyan 33 dekhavmathi saat goal karyaa hataa. 17 juuna juuna roj, angsay conferences premiere club kidderminster harriers saathe aek varshnaa karaar parr hastakshar karyaa. tene uttarnaa warcester shaherma loona aapvama aavee hatee, parantu faa trophyma warcester maate ramvaano incar karyaa pachhi 25 novembernaa roj tene egboro parat mokalvaamaa aavyo hato. january january release thataa pahelaa temane "carpetman" maate chh dekhaav karyaa hataa. teo solihul mursamaa paachha faryaa hataa aneey 2013-14 seasonna beeja bhagma 12 ramatomaa aek goal karyo hato. 26 juuna juuna roj, angus dakshin leag vibhagma aek kendreey club deventry townma jodaayo. tene 2014-15 seasonma dass dekhaav karyaa, beey goal karyaa. tyarbad teey straitford nagarmaa jodava maate aek vibhagma gayo. tene 2015-16 seasonma 41 dekhavmathi paanch goal karyaa hataa. 2 december december roj, angus redditch unitedma jodaayo, teey seasonma straitford townmathi manager darren bifieldnu triju sampadan banyu. tene "reeda" maate 23 ramatomathi beey goal aneey straitford maate nava ramatomathi aek goal saathe 2016-17 zumbeshno anta aanyo. tene 2017-18 seasonna pahelaa bhagma 23 dekhavmathi 17 goal karyaa hataa. porta well. 1 january julai roj, angsay ee. aef. aela. leag too side porta vele saathe 18 mahinaanaa karaar parr hastakshar karyaa. angus redditch khaate karaar hethal naa hovaa chhataa, porta veleae klabne purv-mosam maitripurn aneey valtarmaan ketalik loona saheeo ofara curry hatee. manager niil espinae janaavyu hatoo keey well parkma taatkaalik assar karvaa maate koee dabaan angus nahotu. tene 6 januaryna roj pratham-teamnee sharuaat curry hatee, jeey vana green rovers khaate 1-0 thee haarmaa marqasa harness maate maate minutena aveji tareeke aavee hatee. 22 maarchnaa roj, teey raashtriy leag uttar baaju temworthma 2017-18 seasonna anta sudhee loona parr jodaayo. temane "lamb" maate chh ramatomaa trana goal karyaa hataa, joke temworthna deshnikaalni pushti thayaa pachhi lamb ground parr temnee lonanee mudatmaa ghataado karvaamaa aavyo hato. teey porta velamaa paachho faryo aneey 28 aprilnaa roj inglish football leegma tenee pratham sharuaatthi jaj carlisle united saame 2-1 thee gharaangane haarno saamno kareene teno pratham goal karyo. ramat pachhi espine kahyoo keey "huun kharekhar aashaa raakhu chhu keey teey aaa stare [leag beey] tenu utpaadan curry shake, parantu tenaa parr koee dabaan nathee". 19 julai julai roj, teey "valents" teamnaa saathee mike kelveli saathe loona parr national leag north side newneton baromaa jodaayo hato. boro" leag tablenaa taleeye hovaa chhataa 2018-19 seasonna pratham bhagma 25 dekhaav maate 13 goal karyaa pachhi teey 3 january porta vele parat faryo hato. temane kahyoo keey temnaa pitaa klabmaa bhutpurv khelaadi hataa, kaaran keey temnaa maate svatantrataa maarg parno temno samay ghano mahatvano hato, joke clubney nanakiy katokateeno arth aee hato keey temnee potaani ramat "rasprad parantu anandprad" hatee; temane nondhyu hatoo keey "meyn kyaarey aevee team ramyu nathee jyaan amaari paase seasonni sharuaatthi aaa tabakka sudhee trana alag alag hooma kitt chhe". bero. 15 january january roj, angus 2018-19 seasonna anta sudhee loona parr raashtriy leag baaju beromaa jodaayo. maarchmaa tene pagnee ghoontima ijaa thaee hatee aneey tyarbad manager ian ivate tene chetvani aapee hatee keey teey jaldithi tandurasti taraf paachha farvani aneey seasonni baakini ketalik ramatomaa potaane karaarne laayak saabit karvaanee aashama tenee punahpraptima utaaval naa karey. well manager john askiae pushti curry keey teo 16 menaa roj angusne navo karaar nahee aape. chaar divas pachhi, angsay bero khaate aek varshnaa karaar parr hastakshar karyaa, jemaa vadhu 12 maheena maate vikalp hato. tene january march vadharana varshnaa vikalp saathe tene unaalaa 2021 sudhee klabmaa raakhvaa maate navaa karaar parr hastakshar karyaa hataa. 2019-20 seasonni sharuaatmaa 14-ramatnaa dushkaalnaa samaygaalaa darmiyan, temane sqota kwigley saathe asarkarak strike bhagidari curry hatee aneey march march coronavirus rogchaalaane kaarane leag sthageet karvaamaa aavee tyaare "bluebird" raashtriy leegma toach parr hataa. joke season pharii sharoo thaee naa hatee, parantu berone raashtriy leag champiyan tareeke football leegma badhatee aapvama aavee hatee. raxham. 1 februari februari roj, angsay bero chhodya pachhi 18 mahinaanaa karaar parr raashtriy leag bajunaa pushpguchchh maate hastakshar karyaa. kwaame thomas aneey jordana ponticelline ijaao thataa aprilni sharuaatmaa manager deane kitts maate uplabdh ekmatra fita striker tareeke angus chhodi devaamaa aavyo hato. menee sharuaat sudhimaa chh goal karyaa pachhi, angsay kahyoo keey "reeda dragon" play-off abhiyaan "haarvu amaaru hatoo". joke, 2020-21 seasonna anteem divase deggenham aneey redbridge saathe drow karyaa baad raxham play-offma chooki gayo hato. clubbe january january tenaa karaarne vadharana 12 maheena sudhee lambaavvaano vikalp apnaavyo hato, jemaa manager phila parkinsne janaavyu hatoo keey "tenee paase ijaa aneey mandgi dwara nirashajanak samay hato, parantu havey transfer vindomaa tenaa karaarne sharuaatmaa sort karvaamaa aavyo chhe, amey havey sampurnpane dhyaan kendrit curry rahyaa chhiae. temane 2021-22 seasonma 21 vakhat bhaag leedho hato, joke rescourse ground parr grimsby taaun saame play-off semee-finalmaan haar athavaa 2022 aefae trophy finalmaan woomley stadium bromley saame haar maate match-deey team nahota. 2022-23 abhiyanni pratham chh ramatomaa match deey team pann tenu naam nahotu. harogate shaher. 1 september september roj, angus apragat phii maate herogate townma jodava maate football leegma parat faryaa. pagnee ghoontini asthibandhanni ijaao aneey bimaareeo saathe nirashajanak chaar mahinaanaa samaygaalaa pachhi, tene waitherby rooad parr potaanu ghar padaarpan karvaa maate 7 january sudhee raah jovi puddy hatee. tene 2022-23 abhiyaanmaa nava dekhaav karyaa, jemaa maatra aek leegnee sharuaatno samaavesh thaay chhe. ultrincham. teey juuna juuna national leag club ultrinchamaa jodaayo, jyaan manager phila parkinsne striker regan linnie maate spardhaa umervaanu joyu. ramatnee shailee. angus aek aagalno khelaadi chhe jeey tenee ramatnee shaileene "goal, gatee [aneey] kaary darr" tareeke varnave chhe. angat jeevan. angsay angsay vyaavsaayik banata pahelaa electrician aneey model tareeke kaama karyoo hatoo. teey terry angusno putra chhe, jeey aek defender chhe, jeey northampton taaun aneey fulham maate ramyo hato. sanmaan. bero

dier angus dier thomas angus (janm 18 janwari 1994) ack angreji peshevar footballer hain joe club ultrincham key liye ack forward key roop mein khelate hain. angus ney apane currier kii shuruat gair-leag football mein kii, solihul moors, lemington (rinn parr), banbury united (rinn parr), kidderminster harriers, versester city (rinn parr), deventory town, stratford town aur redditch united key liye khelate hue. unhone janwari 2018 mein port vaile mein kadam rakhaa, jaba unhone 2017-18 season key pahale bhaag mein redditch key liye 17 goal kiye. maee 2019 mein ack sthaayi anubandh parr bairo mein shamil honey seey pahale, unhein vaile seey tamworth, neuneton baro aur bairo koo udhaar diyaa gayaa thaa. unhone janwari 2021 mein rexham mein jaane seey pahale, rashtriya leag key champion key roop mein football leag mein padonnati jeetane key liye bairo kii madad kii. unhein sitambar 2022 mein harrogate shahar mein betch diyaa gayaa thaa aur juuna 2023 mein ultrincham mein shamil hoe gaye. carrier. gair-leag. angus ney marcus bignot key prabandhan key tahat solihul moors mein apana currier shuru kiya. vaha poorv-satra key dauran rinn parr dakshini leag premiere division paksh leamington mein shamil hoe gaye, aur 27 sitambar koo birmingham senior cup key shuruati daur mein highget united parr 4-1 seey jeet mein apani pahali team kii shuruat mein dou baar goal kiya. haalaanki unhone kewal dou baar aur pradarshan kiya aur shuruati gyaarah mein pravesh karane mein whiffle rahey. vaha dakshini leag premiere division pratidvandiyon banbury united mein rinn parr shamil hoe gaye, 21 pradarshanon seey chaar goal kiye. unhone 13 octuber 2012 koo solihul key liye apani shuruat kii, demson park mein giseli parr 2-0 seey jeet hassil kii. unhone 20 navambar koo boston united mein 2-2 seey drow mein moors key liye apana pahala goal kiya. unhone poore 2012-13 abhiyaan mein 33 pradarshanon seey saat goal kiye. 17 juuna 2013 koo, angus ney sammelan premiere club kidderminster harriers key saath ack saal key anubandh parr hastakshar kiye. unhein sammelan uttar key versester shahar mein udhaar diyaa gayaa thaa, lekin faa trophy mein versester key liye khelane seey incar karane key baad 25 navambar koo unhein vaapas agbero bhej diyaa gayaa thaa. janwari 2014 mein release honey seey pahale unhone "carpetman" key liye chhah pradarshan kiye. unhone solihul moors mein vaapsee kii, aur 2013-14 season key dusare bhaag mein 12 khelon mein ack goal kiya. 26 juuna 2014 koo angus dakshini leag division ack kendriya club deventory shahar mein shamil hoe gayaa. unhone 2014-15 season mein duss pradarshan kiye, dou goal kiye. isake baad vaha stratford shahar mein shamil honey key liye ack division mein chaley gaye. unhone 2015-16 satra mein 41 pradarshanon mein seey paanch goal kiye. 2 disambar 2016 koo, angus redditch united mein shamil hoe gayaa, joe usa season mein stratford shahar seey prabandhak darren bifield kaa teesara adhigrahan bunn gayaa. unhone "redd" key liye 23 khelon mein seey dou goal aur stratford key liye nau khelon mein seey ack goal key saath 2016-17 abhiyaan samaapt kiya. unhone 2017-18 satra key pahale bhaag mein 23 pradarshanon seey 17 goal kiye. port well. 1 janwari 2018 koo, angus ney ee. aff. ell. leag too side port well key saath 18 maheene key anubandh parr hastakshar kiye. angus key redditch mein anubandh key tahat naheen honey key bavjood, port well ney club koo ack poorv-mausam anukool aur muaavaje mein kuchh rinn hastakshar kii peshkash kii. prabandhak neel espin ney kahaa kii well park mein tatkaal prabhaav daalane key liye koee dabaav naheen thaa. unhone 6 janwari koo apani pahali team kii shuruat kii, jisamen unhone vann harit rovers mein 1-0 seey haar mein marcus harness key liye 75vein minut key vikalp key roop mein kaam kiya. 22 march koo, vaha rashtriya leag uttar paksh tamworth mein rinn parr 2017-18 season key anta taka shamil hoe gaye. unhone "lambs" key liye chhah khelon mein teen goal kiye, halanki tamworth key nirvaasan kii pushti honey key baad lamb ground mein unake rinn kaa karyakal cumm curr diyaa gayaa thaa. vaha port well mein laute aur 28 aprail koo inglish football leag mein apani pahali shuruat seey apana pahala goal kiya, jisamen carlisley united koo 2-1 seey haar kaa saamana karna padaa. khel key baad espin ney kahaa kii "mujhe vaastav mein ummeed haye kii vaha iss star parr [leag dou] iska utpaadan curr sakata haye, lekin usa parr koee dabaav naheen haye. 19 julaai 2018 koo, vaha "valient" team key saathi mike calvelli key saath rinn parr rashtriya leag uttar paksh neuneton baro mein shamil hoe gaye. boro" leag talika key nichale hisse mein honey key bavjood, 2018-19 satra key pahale bhaag mein 25 pradarshanon key liye 13 goal karane key baad vaha 3 janwari koo port vaile laut aae. unhone kahaa kii unake liye swatantrata key raaste mein unakaa samay bahut mayane rakhta thaa kyonki unake pitaa club mein ack poorv khilaadi they, halanki club key vittiya sankat kaa matlab thaa kii unakaa apana karyakal "dilchasp lekin anandadayak" thaa; unhone kahaa kii "maine kabhi bhee aisee team mein naheen khela haye jahaan hamaare paas satra kii shuruat seey laker iss bindu taka teen alag-alag gharelu kitt hain. bairo. 15 janwari 2019 koo, angus ney rashtriya leag paksh key bairo mein rinn parr 2018-19 season key anta taka shamil hoe gaye. march mein unhein takhane mein chot luggy aur baad mein prabandhak ian evate ney unhein chetavani dee kii way jaldi swasth honey kii ummeed mein jaldi thheek naa houn aur satra key kuchh shesh khelon mein khud koo anubandh key yogya saabit karein. well prabandhak johnn auke ney pushti kii kii vaha 16 maee koo angus koo ack nayaa anubandh naheen denge. chaar dinn baad, angus ney bairo mein ack saal key anubandh parr hastakshar kiye, jisamen aage key 12 maheenon key liye vikalp thaa. unhone janwari 2020 mein ack nae anubandh parr hastakshar kiye taaki unhein 2021 kii garmiyon taka club mein rakhaa jaa sakey, jisamen ack atirikt varsh kaa vikalp bhee thaa. 2019-20 season kii shuruat mein 14-game sookhe key daur seey gujarane key bavjood, unhone scott quigley key saath ack prabhaavi hadtaal saajhedaari kii aur march 2020 mein coronavirus mahamari key kaaran leag koo nilambit karane parr "bluebirds" rashtriya leag mein sheersh parr they. halanki season phir seey shuru naheen huaa thaa, bairo koo rashtriya leag champion key roop mein football leag mein padonnat kiya gayaa thaa. pushpaguchh. 1 farwari 2021 koo, angus ney bairo chhodane key baad 18 maheene key anubandh parr rashtriya leag paksh key liye hastakshar kiye. kwame thomas aur jorden ponticelli koo chotein luggy theen, joe aprail kii shuruat mein prabandhak deane keats key liye upalabdh ekmatra fitt striker key roop mein angus koo chhod gaye they. maee kii shuruat taka chhah goal karane key baad, angus ney kahaa kii "redd dragon" play-off abhiyaan "haarnaa hamara thaa. haalaanki, 2020-21 season key antim dinn deggenham aur redbridge key saath drow karane key baad, rexham play-off mein khelane seey chook gaye. club ney janwari 2022 mein apane anubandh koo atirikt 12 maheene taka badhaane kaa vikalp liya, jisamen prabandhak phil parkinson ney kahaa kii "chot aur bimari key madhyam seey unakaa samay nirashajanak rhaa haye, lekin abb sthanantaran vindo mein unake anubandh koo jaldi vyavasthit curr diyaa gayaa haye, abb humm poori tarah seey gati mein vaapas aaney parr dhyaan kendrit curr rahey hain. unhone 2021-22 season mein 21 baar pradarshan kiya, halanki rescourse ground mein grimsby town seey play-off semifinal haar yaa 2022 aff. aeye. trophy final mein wamley stadium mein bromley seey haar key liye match key dinn kii team mein naheen they. unhein 2022-23 abhiyaan key pahale chhah khelon mein match key dinn kii team mein bhee naamit naheen kiya gayaa thaa. pareshan shahar. 1 sitambar 2022 koo, angus ack agyaat shulk key liye harrogate shahar mein shamil honey key liye football leag mein laut aaya. takhane key ligament kii choton aur beemariyon key saath ack nirashajanak chaar maheene key daur key baad, unhein vedarbi road parr apana gharelu padaarpan karane key liye 7 janwari taka intezar karna padaa. unhone 2022-23 abhiyaan mein nau pradarshan kiye, jisamen kewal ack leag kii shuruat shamil thee. ultrincham. vaha juuna 2023 mein rashtriya leag club ultrincham mein shamil hoe gaye, jahan prabandhak phil parkinson ney striker regan linnie key liye pratispardha jodane kii koshish kii. khelane kii shally. angus ack forward haye joe apani khel shally koo "lakshya, gati [aur] kaary darr" key roop mein varnit kartaa haye. vyaktigat jeevan. angus ney 2018 mein peshevar banane seey pahale ack bijli mistri aur ack model key roop mein kaam kiya. vaha terry angus kaa betaa haye, joe ack rakshak haye joe northumpton shahar aur phulham key liye khela kartaa thaa. sammaan. bairo

dier angus dier thamus angus (janana 18 janavari 1994) obba inglish vruttipara football aatagararagiddu, avaru club ultrinchamgagi forward aagi aduttare. angus leigh allada footballnalli tamma vrattijeevanavannu praarambhisidaru, solihul moors, leamington (saalada mele), banbury united (saalada mele), kidderminster harriers, versester city (saalada mele), daventry town, stratford town mattu redditch yunaitedgagi aadidaru. 2018rahra janavariyalli, avaru 2017-18 rtuvina modalaardhadalli redd dichgaagi 17 golugalannu galisida nantara port vyaalege teralidaru. 2019rahra mayee tingalalli shaashvata oppandada mele barrow seruva modalu, vaaleyinda aata tamworth, neunaton baroo mattu byaaroge saala padedaru. 2021rahra janavariyalli rexhamge teraluva modalu, rashtriya leagna champiyangalagi football leagge badti padeyalu barrow avarige sahaaya maadidaru. avarannu september 2022ralli harrogate pattanakke marata maadalaayitu mattu zoon 2023ralli ultrinchamge seridaru. vrattijeevana. leigh allada. marcus bignote avara nirvahaneyalli angus solihul moorsnalli tamma vrattijeevanavannu praarambhisidaru. avaru daksina leigh premiere vibhagada leamington tandavannu saalada mele aidi1 purva rtuvinalli seridaru mattu september 27 randu birmingham hiriya kapna arambhika suttinalli haigate united viruddha 4-1 rahra vijayadalli tamma modala tandada chocchala pandyadalli eradu baari score maadidaru. aadaagyoo, avaru kevala eradu baari kanisikondaru mattu arambhika hannondu sthaanagalige praveshisuvalli viphalaraadaru. avaru saalada mele daksina leigh premiere vibhagada pratispardhigalaada banbury yunaitedge seridaru, 21 pandyagalalli naalku golugalannu galisidaru. aata 2012rahra october 13randu solihal para paadaarpane maadidaru, damson parknalli gaisliya viruddha 2-0 antarada geluvu saadhisidaru. avaru november 20randu boston unitedna 2-2 dradalli moorsgaagi tamma modala golannu galisidaru. aata 2012-13 abhiyaanada uddakkoo 33 pandyagalalli elu golugalannu galisidaru. 17 zoon 2013 randu, angus conferences premiere club kidderminster hyaariyargalondige ondu varshada oppandakke sahi haakidaru. avarannu uttarada versester nagarakke saalavaagi nidalaagittu, aadare efa trophiyalli versester para aadalu nirakarisida nantara november 25randu avarannu matte agbaroge kaluhisalaayitu. 2014rahra janavariyalli bidugadeyaguva modalu avaru "corpetmen" gaagi aaru baari kanisikondaru. avaru solihal moorsge maralidaru mattu 2013-14 rtuvina dvitiyaardhadalli 12 atagalalli ondu golannu galisidaru. 2014rahra zoon 26randu, angus daksina leigh vibhaga one central club daventry pattanakke seridaru. avaru 2014-15 rtuvinalli hattu pandyagalalli kanisikondaru, eradu golugalannu galisidaru. nantara avaru stratford pattanakke seralu ondu vibhagavannu sthalaantarisidaru. avaru 2015-16 rtuvinalli 41 pandyagalalli aidu golugalannu galisidaru. 2016rahra december 2randu, angus redd ditch yunaitedge seridaru, aaa rtuvinalli stratford pattanadinda manager darren bifieldna moorane svaadhinavaayitu. aata "reds" gaagi 23 aatagalinda eradu golugalannu mattu stratfordgagi ombattu aatagalinda ondu golannu galisi 2016-17 abhiyaanavannu konegolisidaru. avaru 2017-18 rtuvina modalaardhadalli 23 pandyagalalli 17 golugalannu galisidaru. port valley. 2018rahra janavari 1randu, angus avaru efl leigh tuu side port valley jote 18 tingala oppandakke sahi haakidaru. reddichnalli angus oppandada adiyalli illadiddaroo, port valley klabge purva-rtumaanada snehapara mattu parihaaradalli kelavu saalada sahigalannu needitu. valley parknalli takshanada parinama beeralu yaavude ottadada angus illa endu manager niil aspin helidaru. avaru janavari 6randu tamma modala-tandada chocchala praveshavannu maadidaru, aranya hasiru rovargalalli 1-0 solinalli marcus hornesge 75neey nimishada badaliyaagi bandaru. march 22randu, aata rashtriya leigh naa uttara bhagada tamworthge saalada mele seridaru, idu aidi1 rtuvina antyadavaregu munduvareyitu. avaru "lambs" gaagi aaru atagalalli mooru golugalannu galisidaru, aadaroo tamworthn gadiparu drudhikarisida nantara lamb maidaanadalli avara saalada spell annu kaditagolisalaayitu. avaru port vyaalege maralidaru mattu april 28 randu inglish football leagnalli tamma modala aarambhadinda tamma modala golannu galisidaru, carlisley united viruddha 2-1 antarada solinalli. aatada nantara aspin, "avaru ee mattadalli [leigh eradu] adannu utpaadisabahudu endu naanu nijavagiyoo bhavisuttene, aadare avara mele yaavude ottadavilla" endu helidaru. 2018rahra julai 19randu, aata rashtriya leigh naa uttara bhagada neunaton praantyakke saalada mele seridaru, jotege "valients" tandada saha atagara mike calvaliannoo seridaru. boro" leigh tablenalli kelabhagadalli berooriruva horataagiyoo, 2018-19 rtuvina modalaardhadalli 25 pandyagalalli 13 golugalannu galisida nantara avaru janavari 3 randu port vyaalege maralidaru. clubna arthika bikkattu avara swanta spell annu "asaktidayaka aadare anandadayaka" endu arthaisidaroo, avara tande clubna maaji atagararagiddarinda swatantryada maargadalli avara samayavu avarige bahalashtu arthavannu needitu endu avaru helidaru; avaru "naavu rtuvina aarambhadinda ee hantadavarege mooru vibhinn home kitgalannu hondiruva tandadalli naanu endigoo aadilla" endu gamanisidaru. barrow. 2019rahra janavari 15randu, angus rashtriya leigh tandada byarovannu saalada mele 2018-19 rtuvina antyadavarege seridaru. avaru marchnalli paadada gayavannu padedaru mattu taruvaaya manager eoin ewat avaru shighravagi chetarisikolladante echcharike niididaru, avaru begane fitnessge maraluttaare mattu rtuvina ulida kelavu atagalalli oppandakke arharaagiddaare endu sabitupadisuttare. whale manager zaan aske avaru mayee 16 randu angasge hosa oppandavannu niiduvudilla endu drudhapadisidaru. naalku dinagala nantara, angus byarodalli ondu varshada oppandakke sahi haakidaru, jotege innoo 12 tingalugala aaykeyannu niididaru. 2021rahra besigeyavarege klabnalli uliyalu avaru 2020rahra janavariyalli hosa oppandakke sahi haakidaru, jotege hechchuvari varshada aaykeyannu niididaru. 2019-20 rtuvina aarambhadalli 14-pandyagala baragaalada avadhiyannu edurisiddaroo, avaru scott kwigliyondige parinamakari strike paaludaarikeyannu roopisidaru mattu march 2020 ralli coronavirus saankraamika rogadindagi leigh annu amaanatugolisidaaga "bluebirds" rashtriya leagnalli agrasthaanadallittu. rtuvannu punaraarambhisadiddaru, barrow rashtriya leigh champiyangalagi football leagge badti padedaru. harexum. 2021rahra phebravari 1randu, anges byarovannu toreda nantara 18 tingala oppandada mele rashtriya leigh tandada para haarekshamge sahi haakidaru. kwame thamus mattu jordan ponticelliya gayagalu april aarambhadalli manager deane keatsge labhyaviruva ekaika fitt striker aagi angus annu bittuhodavu. mayee tingala aarambhada velege aaru golugalannu galisida angus, "redd dragon" play-off abhiyaanavu "soluvudu nammadu" endu helidaru. aadaagyoo, 2020-21 rtuvina antima dinadandu doggenham & redd bridjnondige dra maadida nantara, play-aafgalannu haaralu vishramisidaru. club 2022rahra janavariyalli tanna oppandavannu hechchuvari 12 tingalugalavarege vistarisuva aaykeyannu tegedukonditu, manager phil parkinson avaru "avaru gaaya mattu anarogyada moolaka hataasheya samayavannu hondiddaru, aadare avara oppandavannu eega vargaavane vindodalli modale vingadisalaagide, naavu eega sampoornavaagi gamanaharisuttiddeve" endu helidaru. avaru 2021-22 rtuvinalli 21 baari kanisikondaru, aadaroo rays course maidaanadalli grimsby towne viruddha play-off semiphinal solu athawa 2022 rahra efa trophy finalnalli bromley viruddha semiphinal solina pandyada dinada tandadalli iralilla. 2022-23 abhiyaanada modala aaru pandyagalalli pandyada dinada tandadalli aatanannu hesarisalagalilla. harogate pattana. 2022rahra september 1randu, angus bahirangapadisada shulkakkagi harrogate pattanakke seralu football leagge maralidaru. paadada ligament gayagalu mattu anarogyagalindagi hatashegonda naalku tingala avadhiya nantara, vedarbi rasteyalli tamma chocchala praveshavannu maadalu avaru janavari 7 ravarege kayabekayitu. avaru kevala ondu leigh aarambhavannu olagondante, 2022-23 abhiyaanadalli ombattu baari kanisikondaru. altrinch. avaru zoon 2023 ralli national leigh club ultrinchamge seridaru, allie manager phil parkinson striker regan linnigaagi spardheyannu serisalu nodidaru. aatada shaili. angus obba forward aagiddu, tanna aatada sailiyannu "golugalu, vega [mattu] kelasada dara" endu vivarisuttaane. vaiyaktika jeevana. 2018ralli vrattipararaguva modalu angus electrician mattu madel aagi kelasa maadidaru. avaru northampton pattana mattu phulhamgagi aadida defender terri angasna maga. gouravagalu. barrow

deor angus club aaltrinchathin vendi oru munnettakkaranaayi kalikkunna oru engleesh professional football kalikkaranaanu deor thomas angus (jananam januvari 18,1994). solihul moozhs, leamington (lonil), banbury yunaittad (lonil), kiddarminstar haariyezhs, vorsestar sitti (lonil), daventry taunn, stratford taunn, reddich yunaittad ennivaykkaayi kalichukondu angus noonn-leag football thante currier aarambhichu. 2017-18 seasoninte aadya pakuthiyil reddichinaayi 17 golukal nediyathinu sesham 2018 januvariyil addeham portt vaaleyilekk maari. 2019 meyy maasathil sthiramaaya karaaril baaroyil cherunnathinu munbu vaaleyil ninnu tamworth, newneettan baroo, baaro ennivaykku vaaypa nalki. 2021 januvariyil grexamilake pookunnathinumumbu, deseeya leaginte chaambyanmaaraayi football leagylake sthaanakkayattam nedaan addeham baro sahayichu. 2022 septambaril haarogett tounil vilkkukayum 2023 juunil altrinchaamil cherukayum cheythu. currier. leag allathavar. marcus bignottinte bharanathin keezhil solihul moorsilaanu angus thante currier aarambhichath. pree-seasonil vaaypayeduthu southu leag premiier division team leamingtonil chernna addeham septambar 27 nuu birmingham seeniyar kappinte aadya roundil haigett yunaittadine 4-1 nuu paraajayappeduthi aadya teamil arangettam kurichappol rund golukal nedi. ennirunnaalum, rund thavana maathram kalicha addehathinu aadya pathinonnil praveshikkunnathil parajayappettu. 21 malsarangalil ninnu naalu golukal nediya addeham southu leag premiier division athiraalikalaaya banbury yunaitadil chernnu. 2012 october 13 nuu daamsan parkkil gislikkethire 2-0 nuu vijayichukondu addeham solihalinu vendi arangettam kurichu. november 20 nuu boosttan yunaitadil nadanna 2-2 samanilayil addeham moorsinaayi thante aadya goal nedi. 2012-13 kaambeyniludaneelam 33 malsarangalil ninnu ezhu golukal addeham nedi. 2013 juun 17 nuu konfarans premiier club kiddarminstar haariyezhsumaayi angus oru varshathe karar oppittu. konfarans nortthile vorsestar cityilekku vaaypayeduthenkilum efa trophiyil vorsestarinu vendi kalikkaan visammathichathine thudarnnu november 25 nuu agbaroilekku thirichayachu. 2014 januvariyil purathirangunnathinumbu addeham "kaarpetmaan"-naayi aarr thavana prathyakshappettu. solihal moorsilekku madangiyethiya addeham 2013-14 seasoninte randaam pakuthiyil 12 geyimukalil ninnu oru goal nedi. 2014 juun 26 nuu angus southu leag division vann central club daventry tounil chernnu. 2014-15 seasonil patthu malsarangal kalicha addeham rund golukal nedi. thudarnnu addeham oru division maatti stratford tounil chernnu. 2015-16 seasonil 41 malsarangalil ninnu addeham anchu golukal nedi. 2016 desember 2 nuu, angus reddich yunaitadil chernnu, aaa seasonil staattphord tounil ninnu maanejar darren bifieldinte moonnaamathe ettedukkalaayi. redsinu" vendi 23 kalikalil ninnu rund golukalum straattfordinaayi ombathu kalikalil ninnu oru golumaayi addeham 2016-17 kaambeyn avasaanippichu. aii. dii. 1 seasoninte aadya pakuthiyil 23 malsarangalil ninnu 17 golukal addeham nedi. portt vaali. 2018 januvari 1 nuu, angus efl leag tuu side portt vaalumaayi 18 maasathe karar oppittu. reddichil angus karaarilallengilum, portt wall clubbinu pree-season sauhrudavum nashtaparihaaramaayi chila vaaypa oppuvaykkalukalum vaagdaanam cheythu. vaale parkkil thalkshanam swaadheenam cheluthaan sammarddamillennu maanejar neel aspin paranju. januvari 6 nuu phoorast green roverukalil 1-0 nuu parajayappetta marcus harnezinu pakarakkaranaayi 75-aamm minittil addeham thante aadya teamil arangettam kurichu. march 22 nuu addeham naashanal leag north side tamworthil vaaypayeduthu 2017-18 seasoninte avasaanam vare chernnu. lambs" enna teaminayi aarr kalikalil ninnu addeham moonnu golukal nedi, ennirunnaalum tamworthinte naadukadatthal sthireekarichathinethudar lamb groundile addehathinte vaipa kaalavadhi vettikkurachu. addeham portt vaaleyilekk madangukayum epril 28 nuu engleesh football leagil thante aadya thudakkam muthal carlisil unitadinode 2-1 nuu paraajayappettukond thante aadya goal nedukayum cheythu. kalikku sesham aspin paranju, "eee thalatthil (leag rund) athu nirmmikkaan kazhiyumennu njaan sarikkum prathekshikkunnu, pakshe addehathil sammarddamilla". 2018 juulai 19 nuu addeham naashanal leag north side newneettan baroyil "valiants" sahatharam mike kaalvelikoppam vaaypayeduthu chernnu. boro" leag tablinte thazheyaayi veroonniyirunnittum 2018-19 seasoninte aadya pakuthiyil 25 malsarangalil ninnu 13 golukal nediya sesham januvari 3 nuu addeham portt vaalilekk madangi. klabbile muun kalikkaranaayirunnathinaal thante pithaav thante swaathanthryasamayathe thanikk valareyadhikam ardhamaakkiyirunnuvennu addeham paranju, ennirunnaalum klabbinte saambathika prathisandhi ardhamaakkunnathu avide thante swantham spell "rasakaravum ennaal aasvaadyakaravumaayirunnu"; "seasoninte thudakkam muthal innuvare njangalkk moonnu vyathyastha hoome kittukal undaayirunna oru teamil njaan kalichittilla" ennu addeham abhiprayappettu. baaro. 2019 januvari 15 nuu, angus deseeya leag teamil vaaypayeduthu 2018-19 seasoninte avasaanam vare chernnu. maarchil addehathinu kanankaalinu parikkelkkukayum neratthe shaareerikakshamathayilekku madangukayum seasonile sheshikkunna kurachu geyimukalil kararinu yogyanaanennu svayam theliyikkukayum cheiyumenna pratheekshayil vegathil sukham praapikkaruthenn maanejar iyaan iwat munnariyipp nalkukayum cheythu. meyy 16nuu angusinu oru puthiya karar vaagdaanam cheyyillennu vaale maanejar joonn aski sthireekarichu. naalu divasathinu sesham, angus baaroyil oru varshathe karaaril oppuvachu, 12 maasathekku koodi oopshan. oru adhika varsham enna oopshanoodoppam 2021 venalkkaalam vare clubble nilanirthunnathinaayi 2020 januvariyil addeham oru puthiya karar oppittu. aii. dii. 1 seasoninte thudakkathil 14 geyimukalude varalchaykku vidheyanaayirunnittum, scott kwigliyumaayi addeham phalapradamaaya strike pankaalittham roopeekarichu, 2020 maarchil corona vairas mahamari kaaranam leag thaalkkaalikamaayi nirtthivachappol "bluebards" deseeya leagil onnaamathethi. season punaraarambhichillenkilum, baro deseeya leag chaambyanmaaraayi football leagylake sthaanakkayattam nalki. rexham. 2021 februvari 1 nuu, baaro vittathinu sesham 18 maasathe karaaril angus deseeya leag team rareksathinaayi oppuvachu. kwam thomasinum jordan ponticellic parikkettathinaal epril aadyam maanejar deane keetsinu labhyamaya eaka phitt strikerayi angus maari. meyy maasatthinte thudakkathil aarr golukal nediya angus, "redu dragons" play-oof kaambeyn "tholkkendathu nammudethaanu" ennu paranju. ennirunnaalum, 2020-21 seasonile avasana divasam dagenham & redbridjumaayi samanila vazhangiya sesham grexaminu play oofukal nashtamaayi. 2022 januvariyil thante karar oru varsham koodi neettaanulla oopshan club sweekarichu, maanejar phil paarkkinsan paranju, "parikkiloodeyum asukhathiloodeyum addehathinu nirashaajanakamaaya samayamundaayirunnu, ennaal ippol transfer vindoyude thudakkathil thanne karar krameekarichathinaal, njangal ippol poornnamaayum shradha kendreekarikkunnu. rays kozhs groundil grimsby touninodu play-oof semi final paraajayatthino allengil 2022 efa trophy final tholwick bromleod niyamasabha stadiyathil paraajayappedunnathino addeham 21 thavana aidi1 seasonil kalichu. 2022-23 prachaaranatthinte aadya aarr kalikalil oru malsaradivasa teamil addehathe ulppeduthiyitla. haarogett taunn. 2022 septambar 1 nuu, anjjaathamaaya phees nalki haarogett tounil cherunnathinayi angus football leagylake madangi. kanankaalinu parikkukal, asukhangal enniva moolam niraashappeduthunna naalu maasathe edavelaykku sesham wetherby roadle hoome arangettam kurikkaan januvari 7 vare kaathirikkendi vannu. oru leag thudakkam maathram ulppede, 2022-23 kaambeynil addeham ombathu thavana prathyakshappettu. altrincham. 2023 juunil addeham naashanal leag club altrinchaamil chernnu, avide maanejar phil paarkkinsan striker reegan linnic malsaram cherkkaan nokki. kaliyude shaili. thante kaliyude shaili "golukal, vegatha [koodaathe] varkk rettu" ennivayekkurichaanenna visheshippikkunna oru forwadeanu angus. vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam. 2018ll professionalaayi maarunnathin munbu angus oru electricianaayum modalayum jolie cheythirunnu. northaamptan touninum fulhamin vendi kalicha prathirodhakkaranaaya terry aangasinte makanaan addeham. bahumathikal. baaro

dier angus dier thomas angus (janm 18 janewari 1994) haah eka ingraji vyavsayik footballpatu aahe joou club ultrinchamsathi forward mhanoon khelato. angusney tyachya karkirdichi suruvat naun-leag footballmadhun kelee, solihul moors, lemington (karjavar), banbury united (karjavar), kidderminster harriers, warcester ciity (karjavar), deventory town, straitford town aanee redditch unitedkadun khelala. 2017-18 hangamachya purvardhat reddichsathi 17 goal kelyanantar tyane janewari 2018 madhye poort valleymadhye pravesh keela. meey 2019 madhye kayamswarupi kararavar baromadhye sameel honyapurvi tyala valcadoon tamworth, nuneton boro aanee barola karj denyat aale hote. janewari 2021 madhye rexhammedhe jaanyapurvi, tyane barola rashtriy leagueche vijete mhanoon football leegmadhye padonnati midvinyat madat kelee. september 2022 madhye tyala harrogate townmadhye vikanyat aale aanee juuna 2023 madhye too ultrinchammadhye sameel jhaala. karkird. gair-leag. marcus bignotchya vyavasthapanakhali, angusney solihul moors yethe tyachya karkirdichi suruvat kelee. too 2011-12 purv hangamat karjavar sadarn leag premiere divisionchya lemingtonmadhye sameel jhaala aanee 27 september roji birmingham varishtha chashak spardhechya pahilya fereet highget unitedver 4-1 assa vijay midvat tyachya pahilya-sanghachya padarpanat donada goal keela. matra, tyane aanakhi keval donada khel keela aanee suruvatichya akra madhye pravesh karnyat too apayashi tharala. 21 samnyanmadhye chaar goal karat too dakshinekadil leegchya pramukh vibhagatil pratispardhi banbury unitedmadhye karjavar sameel jhaala. tyane 13 aktoobar 2012 roji damson park yethe giseleevar 2-0 assa vijay midvat solihulsathi padarpan kele. 20 november roji boston united yethe 2-2 assa barobarit sutoon tyane mursasathi pahila goal keela. tyane sampoorn 2012-13 mohimedarmyan 33 samnyanmadhye saat goal kele. 17 juuna 2013 roji, angusney conferences premiere club kidderminster harriersobat eka varshacha karar keela. tyala uttar conferencechya warcester shaharala karj denyat aale hote, parantu eff. aii. chashakat warcesterkadoon khelanyas nakar dilyanantar 25 november roji tyala agboro yethe parat pathvanyat aale. janewari 2014 madhye pradarshit honyapurvi tyane 'carpetmain' sathee sahaa samne khelale. too solihul moorskade paratala aanee 2013-14 hangamachya uttaradhat 12 samnyanmadhye eka goal keela. 26 juuna 2014 roji, angus dakshini leag vibhag eka madhyavarti club deventory shaharat sameel jhaala. tyane 2014-15 hangamat daha samne khelale, done goal kele. tyanantar tyane straitford shaharat sameel honyasathi eka vibhag ghetala. tyane 2015-16 hangamat 41 samnyanmadhye paach goal kele. 2 december 2016 roji, angus redditch unitedmadhye sameel jhaala, joou tyaa hangamat straitford shaharatoon vyavasthapak darren bifieldcha tisra adhigrahan tharala. tyane 'reed' sathee 23 samnyanmadhye done goal aanee stratefordsathi nauu samnyanmadhye eka goal karoon karoon moheem sampavali. tyane 2017-18 hangamachya purvardhat 23 samnyanmadhye 17 goal kele. poort valley. 1 janewari 2018 roji, angusney eae. eff. ell. leag too side poort valeshy 18 mahinyancha karar keela. angus haah redditch yethe kararakhali nasla taree, poort valene clubla hangampurv anukool aanee nuksanbharpai mhanoon kahee karj swakshari deu kelee. vyavasthapak niil espin mhanale qee valley parkmadhye twarit prabhav padnyasathi konatahi dabav navhata. tyane 6 janewari roji pahilya sanghat padarpan kele, too forrest green roversmadhye 1-0 assa parabhav karoon marcus harnesacha harnesacha minitala paryay mhanoon khelala. 22 march roji, too national leag north side tamworthmadhye 2017-18 hangamachya shevataparyant karjavar sameel jhaala. tyane "lambs" sathee sahaa samnyanmadhye teen goal kele, jaree tamworthchya nirvasanachi pushti jhalyanantar lamb groundveril tyache karj qamee karnyat aale. too poort valley yethe paratala aanee 28 april roji inglish football leegmadhye tyachya pahilya suruvatipasunach, carlisel unitedkadun 2-1 assa gharchya maidanavar parabhav patkaroon tyane pahila goal keela. khelanantar espin mhanala qee "mallah kharokhar aasha aahe qee too yaa staravar [leag done] teey nirman karoo shakel, parantu tyachyavar konatahi dabav nahee". 19 julai 2018 roji too national leegchya uttar bajuchya nuneton baromadhye 'valient' chya chya mike calvelis karjavar sameel jhaala. boro' haah sanghatil gunatalikechya talashi asala taree, 2018-19 hangamachya purvardhat 25 samnyansathi 13 goal kelyanantar too 3 janewari roji poort valley yethe paratala. too mhanala qee tyache vadil klabmadhil majee kheladu asalyane tyache swatantryakal tyachyasathi khoop mahattvacha hota, jaree clubchya aarthik sankatacha arth tethe tyache swatache spell "manoranjak parantu aanandadayak" hote; tyane namood kele qee "mea kadhihi asha sanghat khelalo nahee jithe aamchyakade hangamachya suruvatipasun aajparyant teen bhinn gharguti sanch aahet". barrow. 15 janewari 2019 roji, angus haah hangam sampeparyant karjavar national leegchya barrow sanghat sameel jhaala. marchmadhye tyala ghotyala dukhapat jhaali aanee tyanantar vyavasthapak ian evatne tyala lavkar tandurustivar parat yenyachya aanee hangamatil urvarit kahee samnyanmadhye kararasathi swatahla patra siddha karnyachya aashene tyachya barey honyachya ghaeet naan jaanyacha ishara deela. vallecha vyavasthapak johnn aukeni yane pushti kelee qee too 16 meey roji angusla naveen karar denar nahee. chaar divasannantar, angusney barrow yethe eka varshacha karar keela, jyat aanakhi 12 mahinyansathi paryay hota. 2021 chya unhalyaparyant tyala klabmadhye thevanyasathi tyane janewari 2020 madhye naveen kararavar swakshari kelee, jyat atirikt varshacha paryay hota. 2019-20 hangamachya suruvatila 14 samnyanchya dushkalatun jaat asatanahi, tyane scott kwiglisobat prabhavi strike bhagidari kelee aanee march 2020 madhye coronavirus sathichya aajaramule leag sthagit jhaali tevha 'bluebirds' rashtriy leegmadhye avval hote. jaree hangam punha suru jhaala nasla taree barola rashtriy leag champian mhanoon football leegmadhye padonnati midali. rexum. 1 februwari 2021 roji, angusney barrow sodalyanantar 18 mahinyanchya kararavar national leegchya rexham sanghasathi swakshari kelee. kwam thomas aanee jorden ponticelli yanna jhalelya dukhapatinmule aprilchya suruvatila vyavasthapak deane kitsasathi upalabdh asalela ekmev tandurust striker mhanoon angusla sodale. meey mahinyachya suruvatiparyant sahaa goal kelyanantar, angus mhanala qee 'reed dragon' play-auph moheem 'aamchi gamavane' hotee. tathapi, 2020-21 hangamachya shevatchya divashi dagenham aanee redbridgeshy barobari sadhalyanantar rexham play-offmadhye kheloo shakala nahee. janewari 2022 madhye clubney tyacha karar aanakhi 12 mahinyanni vadhavanyacha paryay swikarla, vyavasthapak phil parkinsonne sangitale qee "dukhapat aanee aajarpanamule too nirashajanak kaal vyateet karat hota, parantu aata hastantaran vindochya suruvatila tyacha karar nishchit jhalyamule, aamhi aata dierla vegat parat aananyavar purnapane laksh kendrit kele aahe". too 2021-22 hangamat 21 vela khelala, jaree too rescourse maidanavar grimsby taunviruddhachya play-auph upantyapoorv feritil parabhavasathi kinwa 2022 eff. aii. chashak antim feritil wambley stadiumvar bromliviruddhachya parabhavasathi samnyachya divashichya sanghat navhata. 2022-23 mohimechya pahilya sahaa samnyanmadhye samnyachya divashichya sanghatahi tyache naav navhate. dusht shahar. 1 september 2022 roji, angus adnyat shulkasathi harrogate shaharat sameel honyasathi football leegmadhye paratala. ghotyachya asthibandhan dukhapati aanee aajarpanamule chaar mahinyanchya nirashajanak kalanantar, tyala vedarabi rodvar gharchya maidanat padarpan karnyasathi 7 janevariparyant pratiksha karavi lagali. tyane 2022-23 mohimet nauu samne khelale, jyat keval eka leegchya suruvaticha samavesh hota. altrincham. juuna 2023 madhye too national leag club ultrinchammadhe sameel jhaala, jithe vyavasthapak phil parkinsonne striker regan linnisathi spardha jodanyacha vichar keela. khelachi shaili. angus haah eka forward aahe joou tyachya khelachya shailiche varnan "goal, veg [aanee] kamacha darr" asey karato. vaiyaktik jeevan. 2018 madhye vyavsayik honyapurvi angus yanni electrician aanee model mhanoon kaam kele. too northampton shahar aanee fulhamsathi fulhamsathi terry angus yaa bachavpatucha mulga aahe. sanman. barrow

dier angus dier thomas angus (janma 18 janawari 1994) ek angreji peshewar footballer hun jo club ultrinchamka lagi agragamiko rupma khelchhan. angusle gaira-ligg footballma afno currier suru gare, solihul murs, lemington (rinama), banbury united (rinama), kidderminster harriers, worcester city (rinama), deventry tauna, stratford tauna rar readich unitedka lagi khelchhan. unle janawari 2018 maa port bhyalema kadam rakhe pachhi unle 2017-18 sijanko pahilo hafma redichka lagi 17 goal gare. bhelebata unlai mey 2019 maa sthayi samjhautama barroma samel hunuaghi tamworth, newneton baro rar byarolai rina diieko thiyo. unle byarolai janawari 2021 maa rexamma januaghi, 2019-20 sijanma rashtriya ligko championko rupma football ligma padonnati jitna maddat gare. uni september 2022 maa harrogate taunama bechie rar june 2023 maa ultrinchamma samel bhae. currier. gaira-ligg. angusle marcus bignotko wyawasthapanantargat solihul mursabata afno currier suru gare. uni 2011-12 purva-sijanko samayama rinama dakshini ligg premiere division side lemingtonma samel bhae, rar 27 septemberma bermingham siniyar kapko udghatan charanma highget unitedmathi 4-1 ley jit hasil garera afno pahilo toliko debuema dui patak goal gare. yadyapi unle dui patak matra thap pradarshan gare rar prarambhik egharma prawesh garna asafal bhae. uni dakshini ligg premiere division pratidwandiharu banbury unitedma rinama samel bhae, 21 upasthitibata chaar goal gare. unle 13 october 2012 maa solihulka lagi debue gare, demson parkma giselimathi 2-0 ley jit hasil gare. unle november 20 maa boston unitedma 2-2 ko barabarima murharuka lagi afno pahilo goal gare. unle 2012-13 abhiyanma 33 upasthitibata saat goal gare. 17 june 2013 maa, angusle sammelan premiere club kidderminster harrierssanga ek warshako samjhautama hastakshar gare. unlai sammelan uttarko worcester saharma rina diieko thiyo, tara fa trafima worcesterka lagi khelna aswikar garepachhi 25 novemberma eggabaroma firta pathaieko thiyo. unle janawari 2014 maa rilij hunuaghi "carpetman" kaa lagi chha upasthiti gare. uni solihul mursama farkie, rar 2013-14 sijanko dosro bhagma 12 khelma ek goal gare. 26 june 2014 maa, angus dakshini ligg division ek kendriya club deventry taunama samel bhae. unle 2014-15 sijanma das upasthiti banae, dui goal gare. tyasapachhi unle stratford saharma samel huna euta divisionma sare. unle 2015-16 sijanma 41 upasthitibata paanch goal gare. 2 december 2016 maa, angus readich unitedma samel bhae, tyas sijan stratford tounbata prabandhak darren bifieldko tesro adhigrahan bane. unle "redd" kaa lagi 23 khelbata dui goal rar stratfordka lagi nau khelbata ek goal garera 2016-17 abhiyan samapta gare. unle 2017-18 sijanko pahilo hafma 23 upasthitibata 17 goal gare. port bhyale. 1 janawari 2018 maa, angusle efl ligg dui side port bhelsanga 18 mahinako samjhautama hastakshar gare. readichma angus anubandhama nabhae pani, port bhelle clublai purva-mausam maitripurna rar kshatipurtima kehi rina hastaksharharu prastawa गऱ्यो।. prabandhak neel aspinle bhele parkma tatkal prabhawa parne kunai dabab angus nabhaeko batae. unle 6 janawarima afno pahilo-tolly debue gare, wann hariyo robharharuma 1-0 ko harma marcus harnesko lagi 75 aun minetko wikalpako rupma ae. 22 marchma, uni rashtriya ligg north side tamworthma 2017-18 sijanko antyasamma rinama samel bhae. unle "lambs" kaa lagi chha khelma tean goal gare, yadyapi lamb maidanma unko rinko hizze tamworthko nirvasana pushti bhaepachi chhoto bhayo. uni port bhyalema farkie rar 28 aprilma angreji football ligma afno pahilo suruwatdekhi nai afno pahilo goal gare, carlisel unitedsanga 2-1 ko gharelu harma. khelpachhi aspinle bhane kii "mahm sanchchai asha gardachhu kii usale yasalai yass starma [ligg dui] utpadan garna sakchha, tara unimathi kunai dabab chhaina. 19 july 2018 maa, uni "valiants" tolika sathi mick kyalwelisanga rinama rashtriya ligg uttar side newneton baroma samel bhae. boro" ligg talikako taltira jhukeko bhae tapani 2018-19 sijanko pahilo hafma 25 upasthitiharuka lagi 13 goal garepachhi uni 3 janawarima port bhyalema farke. unle bhane kii unko swatantrata margama unko samaya unko lagi dherai mahatwapurna thiyo kinki unka buba clubma purva kheladi thie, yadyapi clubko wittiya sankatko artha tyahan unko afnai spell "rochak tara ramailo" thiyo; unle note gare kii "maile kahilyai tyasto tolima kheleko chhaina jahaan hamisanga sijanko surudekhi yass bindusamma tean farak gharelu kitharu chhan. byaro. 15 janawari 2019 maa, angus 2018-19 sijanko antyasamma rinama rashtriya ligg side barroma samel bhae. unle marchma khuttama chot lageko thiyo rar pachhi prabandhak ian iwatle chaandai fitnesma farkane rar sijanka kehi baanki khelharuma afulai samjhautako yogya pramanit garne ashama afno rikbharima hatar nagarna chetawani die. bhele prabandhak john askile pushti gare kii unle 16 mema engaslai nayan samjhauta prastawa gardainan. chaar dina pachhi, angusle barroma ek warshako samjhautama hastakshar gare, thap 12 mahinako lagi wikalpako sath. unle janawari 2020 maa atirikta warshako vikalpaka sath unlai 2021 ko garmisamma clubma rakhna nayan samjhautama hastakshar gare. 2019-20 sijanko suruma 14-khelko khaderiko daurabata gujrera pani, unle scott kwiglisanga prabhawkari strike sajhedari banae rar march 2020 maa corona bhairas mahamariko karan ligg nilamban hunda "bluebird" rashtriya ligko shirshama thiyo. yadyapi sijan punah suru bhaena, byarolai rashtriya ligg championko rupma football ligma badhawa diiyo. rexum. 1 february 2021 maa, angusle byaro chhodepachhi 18 mahinako samjhautama rashtriya ligg side rexamka lagi hastakshar gare. kwam thomas rar jorden ponticelilai chot lageko karan aprilko suruma prabandhak dinn kitska lagi upalabdha ek matra fitt strikerko rupma engaslai chhodiyo. meko surusammama chha goal garisakepachi, angusle bhane kii "redd dragon" play-aff abhiyan "hamro harney thiyo. yadyapi 2020-21 sijanko antim dina dagenham rar redbrijsanga barabari garepachhi rexhamle play-afma bhag lyne sakenan. cluble janawari 2022 maa afno samjhauta thap 12 mahinasamma badhaune vikalpa leo, prabandhak fill parkinsonle bhane kii "unisanga chot rar rogko madhyambata nirashajanak samaya thiyo, tara unko samjhauta ab sthanantaran windoma chaandai wyawasthit bhaeko chha, hammy ab purna rupma dhyan kendrit gariraheka chhaun. unle 2021-22 sijanma 21 patak khel khele, yadyapi rescourse maidanma grimsby tounsanga play-aff semifinal haar wa 2022 fa trophy finalma wembly stadiumma bromlisanga harka lagi match-day tolima thienan. 2022-23 abhiyanko pahilo chha khelma unlai match day tolima pani naam diieko thiena. harogate sahar. 1 september 2022 maa, angus agyat shulkama harrogate taunama samel huna football ligma farke. giddhako ligament chot rar rogka sath nirashajanak chaar mahinako spell pachhi, unle vedarbi roadma afno gharelu debue garna 7 janawarisamma parkhanu pareko thiyo. unle 2022-23 abhiyanma nau upasthiti banae, jasma kewal euta ligg suru pani samawesh thiyo. ultrincham. uni june 2023 maa rashtriya ligg club ultrinchamma samel bhae, jahaan prabandhak fill parkinsonle striker regan linnika lagi pratispardha thapna khoje. khelko shaili. angus ek agragami hun jasle afno khelko shaililai "lakshya, gati [rar] karya darr" ko barema warnan garchhan. wyaktigat jiwan. angusle sann 2018 maa wyawasayik bannuaghi electrician rar modelko rupma kaam gareka thie. uni terry engusko chhora hun, jo northampton tauna rar fulhamka lagi khelne defender thie. samman. byaro

diora angasa deor thomas angas (janma 18 januari 1994) jane ingraji pesadara football khelali jie club ultrincham paain jane agrabhaga khelali bhabare khelanti . angas anah-ligg phutabalare nijara kyariyara arambha karithile, solihul murs, lemington (runare), byanwari united (runare), kidderminster harriers, worcester city (runare), deventry tauna, stratford tauna ebong reddich united paain khelithile. shay januari 2018 ray port bhaleku eka padakhyepa arjan karithile jetebele shay 2017-18 sijinara prathamardhare readich paain 17 goal karithile. meey 2019 ray eka sthajee chuktinama upare barore jogadeba purbaru tanku tamworth, nuneton baroh ebong baronku runa diajaithila. januari 2021 ray reksamaku jiba purbaru shay jatiah ligra champion bhabare football ligre padonnati jitibare baronku sahajya karithile. september 2022 ray tanku harogate taunaku bikri karajaithila ebong june 2023 ray ultrinchamare joga deithile. kyariyara. anah-ligg. marks bignatnka tatwabadhanare angas solihal mursare nijara kyariyara arambha karithile. shay dakhina ligg premiyara divijana parswa limingatanare runare joga deithile 2011-12 pri-sijan samajare, ebong 27 septembarare barmingahama siniara kapra udaghatani roundre highget united upare 4-1 bijajare tankara pratham-dala debyure duithara goal karithile. tebe shay maatra duithara adhika pradarshan karithile ebong prarambhika ekadashare prabesha karibare biphal hoithile. shay runare dakhina ligg premiyara divijana pratidwandee byanabari united sahita joga deithile, 21 tii pradarshanaru chaari goal score karithile . shay 13 october 2012 ray damson parkre gaislenka bipakhyare 2-0 ray bijajare solihal paain debyu karithile. navember 20 tarikhare boston junaitedthare 2-2 drare shay murs paain nijara pratham goal deithile. shay 2012-13 abhijanare 33 tii pradarshanaru saata goal score karithile. 17 june 2013 ray, angas sammilani premiyara club kidderminster harisanka saha eka barshar chukti swakhyara karithile. tanku uttara sammilanira worcester saharaku runa diajaithila, kintu aif. aii. traphire worcester paain khelibaku manah karideba parey navember 25 ray tanku aagabaroku ferai diajaithila. januari 2014 ray muktilabha kariba purbaru shay "carpetman" paain chhaati pradarshan karithile. shay solihal mursaku pherithile, ebong 2013-14 sijinara dwiteejardhare 12 tii gemare gotie goal karithile. 26 june 2014 ray, angas dakhina ligg divijana waan central club deventry taaunare joga deithile. shay 2014-15 sijanare dashati pradarshan karithile, duiti goal score karithile. ehapare shay stratford saharare jogadeba paain eka divijanaku sthanantarita karithile. shay 2015-16 sijanare sijanare pradarshanaru panchti goal karithile. 2 december 2016 ray, angas reddich junaitedare joga deithile, sehi ruture stratford sahararu manager darren biphieldnka truteeja adhigrahan hoithile. shay "redd" paain prathamardhare gemru duiti goal ebong stratford paain nauty gemru gotie goal dei 2016-17 abhijana samapta karithile. shay 2017-18 sijinara prathamardhare prathamardhare pradarshanaru pradarshanaru goal karithile. bandara bhele. 2018 januari 1 tarikhare, angas ee. aif. ell. ligg tuu side port bhaale sahita 18 masser eka chukti swakhyara karithile. reddich thaare aangus chukti adheenare naah thile madhya, port bhaale klabaku eka pri-sijan bandhutwapurna ebong khyatipuranare kichhi runa swakhyara pradan karithila. manager nill aspin kahichanti je bhaale parkre turanta prabhaba pakaiba paain kaunasi chaap angas naahin. shay januari 6 ray tankara pratham-dala debyu karithile, forrest green roversre 1-0 ray parajajare marks harness paain 75 tama minitra bikalpa bhabare aasithile. march 22 ray, shay jatiah ligg uttara parswa tamworthre runare 2017-18 sijin shesh parjyanta joga deithile. shay "lambs" paain chhaati myachare tinoti goal karithile, jadio tamworthnka pratyarpana nischita heba parey lyam graundare tankara runa spell kaati diajaithila . shay port bhaleku pherithile ebong april 28 ray ingraji football ligre tankara pratham aarambharu nijara pratham goal score karithile, carlisley united thaaru 2-1 ray gharoi parajaya. khela parey aspin kahithile je "mun prakrutare aasha karuchhi je shay ehaaku ehi starare [ligg 2] utpadana kariparibe, kintu taanka upare kaunasi chaap naahin". 2018 july 19 tarikhare shay 'valiants' dalara saathee mich kalabhelinka saha runare national ligg north side nuneton barore joga deithile. ligg tabulara tala bhagare "boro" moola hoi rahiba satwe 2018-19 sijinara prathamardhare prathamardhare pradarshan paain paain goal kariba parey shay januari 3 tarikhare port bhaleku pherithile. shay kahithile je taanka pita clubber jane purbatana khelali hoithibaru taanka paain swadheenata samai bahuta gurutwapurna thila, jadio clubber arthika sankatara artha thila je sethare tankara nijaswa spell "aakarshaneeah kintu anandadajaka" thila; shay ullekha karithile je "mun epari dalare kheli naahin jeunthare aama pakhare sijan aarambharu eparjyanta tinoti bhinna home kitt achhi. barro. 15 januari 2019 ray, angas jatiah ligg parswa barore runare joga deithile 2018-19 sijin shesh parjyanta . marchare shay goda godare aaghata paithile ebong parabarti samajare manager ayon ivatnka dwara tanku shighra sustha hebaku chetabani diajaithila, ehi ashare je shay shighra susthata pheribe ebong sijinara abasista kichhi myachare nijaku chuktinama paain jogya pramanita karibe. bhaale manager zohn aske nischita karichanti je shay meey 16 ray aangasnku eka nutan chukti pradan karibe naahin. chaari deane parey, angas barore eka barshar chuktinama swakhyara karithile, jeunthire aau 12 maasa paain bikalpa thila. shay januari 2020 ray eka nutan chuktinama swakhyara karithile jaahaa tanku 2021 grishma parjyanta klabare rakhiba paain, eka atirikta barshar bikalpa sahita . 2019-20 rutu aarambhare 14-match marudi samai dei gati kariba satwe, shay scott kwiglenka saha eka prabhabasali strike bhagidari gathan karithile ebong march 2020 ray coronviruses mahamari hetu ligg sthagita heba samajare "bluebirds" jatiah ligra sheershare thila. jadio sijan punah arambha hoinathila, barro jatiah ligg champion bhabare football ligg ku padonnati paithile . rexam. 1 februari 2021 ray, angas barro chhadiba parey 18 masser chuktinama upare jatiah ligg parswa rexham paain swakhyara karithile. kwame thomas ebong jordan pontiselinka aaghata karanaru april prarambhare manager dinn kitsanka paain upalabdha ekamatra fitt striker bhabare angas chadithile. meey maasa arambha suddha chhaati goal score curry angas kahithile je "redd dragon" play-off abhijana "ammer haribara thila". tebe 2020-21 sijinara shesh dinare dagenham ebong redbridge sahita dra kariba parey rexham play-off khelibaru banchita hoithile. januari 2022 ray club taanka chuktinama atirikta 12 maasa brudhi karibaku eka bikalpa grahan karithila, manager phil parkinson kahichanti je "aaghata ebong asusthata madhyamare tankara eka nirashajanaka samai achhi, kintu bartamana sthanantara windora prarambhare taanka chuktinama samadhan heba sahita, aame bartamana dajaraku druta gatire ferai aaniba upare sampurna dhyana deuchhu. shay 2021-22 sijinare 21 thara khelithile, jadio rescourse graundare grimaswi taunanka bipakhyare play-off semi-final parajaya kimba wembly stadijamare bromlinka bipakhyare 2022 fa trophy final parajaya paain match day dalare nathile. 2022-23 abhijanara pratham chhaati myachare tanku match day dalare madhya namit karajai nathila. harrogate sahara. 1 september 2022 ray, angas eka agyata shulka paain harogate saharare jogadebaku football ligg ku pherithile. goda godare aaghata ebong asusthata karanaru chaari maasa dhari hatashajanaka samai bitijiba parey tanku wedarbi rodre niz ghare debyu kariba paain januari 7 parjyanta apekhya karibaku padithila. shay 2022-23 abhijanare nauty pradarshan karithile, jeunthire kebala gotie ligg arambha antarbhukta . ultrincham. shay june 2023 ray jatiah ligg club ultrinchamare joga deithile, jeunthare manager phil parkinson striker regaon lininka paain pratijogita joga karibaku chahinthile . khelara sailee. angas jane agragami jie taanka khela saileeku "goal, gati [ebong] karjya haara" bishajare barnana karanti . byaktigata zeeban. 2018 ray pesadara heba purbaru angas jane bidyutachashee ebong model bhabare karjya karithile. shay jane defender terry aangasnka pua, jie northampton tauna ebong phulham paain khelithile . sammana. barro

dier angus dier thamas angus (janam 18 janwari 1994) ikk angrezi peshevar footballer haii joe club ultrincham laee ikk forward vajon khedada haii. angus neey aapne carrier dee shuruat gair-leeg football witch keeti, solihal moors, leemington (loane utte), banbury united (loane utte), kidderminster harriers, verster city (loane utte), deventory taoon, stratford taoon atey reddich united laee khedada see. uss neey janwari 2018 witch port valley witch ikk kadam chukkiaa jadon usne 2017-18 season dey pahile addh witch reddich laee 17 goal keete. maee 2019 witch ikk sathayi ikrarname utte bairo witch shamal honn toon pahilan, uss noon vaile toon temworth, neuniton boro atey bairo noon udhaar ditta giaa see. uss neey janwari 2021 witch racksham vall vadhan toon pahilan, janwari 2021 witch national leeg dey champion vajon football leeg witch tarakki jittan witch bairo dee madad keeti. uss noon satambar 2022 witch herogate taoon witch wetch ditta giaa see atey juun 2023 witch ultrincham witch shamal hoow giaa see. carrier. gair-leeg. angus neey aapne carrier dee shuruat marks bignut dey parbandhan adheen solihul moors toon keeti. uh pree-season dauran loane utte dakkhni leeg premiere division team leemington witch shamal hoow giaa, atey 27 satambar noon barmingham senior kapp dey shuruati daur witch highget united utte 4-1 naal jitt witch aapni pahili team dee shuruat witch doou vaar goal keeta. halanki uh siraf doou vaar horr khed sake atey shuruati giaaran witch pravesh curran witch asfal rahey. uh dakkhni leeg premiere division dey virodhi banbury united naal loane utte shamal hoow giaa, jiss neey 21 peshkariaan witch chaar goal keete. uss neey 13 aktubar 2012 noon damson park vikhe gijli utte 2-0 naal jitt naal solihal laee aapni shuruat keeti. uss neey 20 navambar noon boston united vikhe 2-2 naal daraa witch moors laee aapna pahila goal keeta. uss neey 2012-13 muhim dauran 33 pardarshan witch satt goal keete. 17 juun 2013 noon, angus neey conferences premiere club kidderminster harriers naal ikk saal dey ikrarname 'teey dastkhat keete. uss noon uttar dey conferences dey versester shehar noon udhaar ditta giaa see, parr eff. aii. trophy witch versester laee khedan toon inkaar curran toon baad 25 navambar noon uss noon waps agbro bhej ditta giaa see. uss neey janwari 2014 witch rileez honn toon pahilan "carpetman" laee chhe peshkariaan keetiaan. uh solihal moors witch waps aaiaa, atey season dey dooje addh witch 12 geman witch ikk goal keeta. 26 juun 2014 noon, angus dakkhni leeg division ikk kendri club deventory taoon witch shamal hoow giaa. uss neey 2014-15 season witch dass pardarshan keete, doou goal keete. firr uh stratford kasbe witch shamal honn laee ikk division witch chalaa giaa. uss neey 2015-16 season witch 41 pardarshan witch panj goal keete. 2 dasambar 2016 noon, angus reddich united witch shamal hoow giaa, uss season witch stratford taoon toon manager darren bifield dee tiji prapati bann giaa. uss neey "reds" laee 23 geman vicchon doou goal atey stratford laee naun geman vicchon ikk goal naal 2016-17 muhim daa ant keeta. uss neey season dey pahile addh witch 23 pardarshan witch 17 goal keete. port valley. 1 janwari 2018 noon, angus neey ee. eff. aill. leeg too side port valley naal 18 mahiniaan dey ikrarname 'teey dastkhat keete. reddich vikhe angus dey ikrarname adheen naa honn dey bavjood, port well neey club noon season toon pahilan dey anukool atey muaavze witch kujh loane dastkhat curran dee peshkash keeti. manager neel espin neey kiha kii vaile park witch turant prabhav paunh laee koee dabaa naheen see. uss neey 6 janwari noon aapni pahili team dee shuruat keeti, jiss witch uh uh mint witch marks harness dey badal vajon jangal dey harey rovers witch 1-0 naal haar giaa. 22 march noon, uh season dey ant takk loane utte national leeg north side temworth witch shamal hoow giaa. uss neey "lambs" laee chhe geman witch tinn goal keete, halanki temworth dee vaapsee dee pushti honn toon baad lamb graoond witch uss daa loane spell katt ditta giaa see. uh port valley waps aaiaa atey 28 aprail noon carlisal united toon 2-1 naal gharelu haar witch inglish football leeg witch aapni pahili shuruat toon aapna pahila goal keeta. khed toon baad espin neey kiha kii "main sachmuch umeed karda haan kii uh iss paddhar [leeg doou] 'teey iss daa utpadan qarr sakda haii, parr uss' teey koee dabaa naheen haii. 19 julai 2018 noon, uh "valiants" dey saathi mike calvelli naal loane utte national leeg uttri paase dey nuniton boro witch shamal hoow giaa. uh 3 janwari noon port valley waps aaiaa jadon usne leeg table dey hethle hisse witch "boro" dey honn dey bavjood season dey pahile addh witch 25 pardarshan laee 13 goal keete. unhan neey kiha kii sutantarta dey tarike naal unhan daa samaan unhan laee bahut mahattavpuran see kiunki unhan dey pitaa club witch ikk sabka khidari sunn, halanki club dey vitti sankat daa matlab see kii unhan daa aapna samaan "dilchsap parr mazedar" see; unhan neey nott keeta kii "main kadey vee ajihi team witch naheen khediaa jitthe saade cole season dee shuruat toon lae keey iss samein takk tinn vakkhariaan gharelu kittan hunn. bairo. 15 janwari 2019 noon, angus season dey ant takk loane utte national leeg side bairo witch shamal hoow giaa. uss noon march witch gitte dee satt lagg gaee see atey baad witch manager iaan ivat neey uss noon chetavani ditti see kii uh jaldi tandrusti vall waps aaunn atey season deeaan kujh baaki khedan witch aapne aap noon ikrarname dey yog saabat curran dee umeed witch aapni rikavari witch jaldbazi naa qarey. vail manager jauhan aski neey pushti keeti kii uh 16 maee noon angus noon ikk navaan ikrarnama naheen devega. chaar dinan baad, angus neey bairo vikhe ikk saal dey ikrarname utte dastkhat keete, jiss witch horr 12 mahiniaan laee wicklup see. uss neey janwari 2020 witch ikk vadhu saal dey wicklup dey naal, uss noon garmiaan 2021 takk club witch rakkhan laee ikk navein ikrarname 'teey dastkhat keete. season dee shuruat witch 14-geman dey soke dey daur toon guzaran dey bavjood, usne scott quigly naal ikk prabhavshali hadtal bhaiwali banayi atey march 2020 witch jadon leeg noon corona viruses mahamari caarn muattal qarr ditta giaa see taan "bluebirds" rashtari leeg witch sikhar 'teey sunn. halanki season dubara shuru naheen keeta giaa see, bairo noon rashtari leeg champion vajon football leeg witch tarakki ditti gaee see. raxum. 1 farvari 2021 noon, angus neey bairo chaddan toon baad 18 mahiniaan dey ikrarname 'teey national leeg side rareksham laee dastkhat keete. kawam thamas atey jorden ponticilly noon sattan laggan naal aprail dey shuru witch manager deane keats laee upalbadh iklaute fitt striker vajon angus noon chhadd ditta giaa. maee dee shuruat takk chhe goal curran toon baad, angus neey kiha kii "redd dragons" playf muhim "saadi haaran vaali" see. halanki, racksham season dey aakhri dinn dagenham atey redbridge naal daraa curran toon baad playf toon khunjh giaa. club neey janwari 2022 witch aapne ikrarname noon ikk horr 12 mahiniaan takk vadhaun daa wicklup apnaiaa, manager phil parkinson neey kiha kii "uss neey satt atey bimari caarn nirashajanak samaan bitaiaa haii, parr hunn uss dey ikrarname noon transfer vindo dey shuru witch hii krambadh qarr ditta giaa haii, aseen hunn puurii tarahan dhiaan kendrat qarr rahey haan. uss neey 2021-22 season witch 21 vaar hissa liaa, halanki uh rescourse graoond witch grimsby taoon toon playf semifinal haar jaan wembly stadium witch bromley toon 2022 FA trophy final haar laee match dey dinn dee team witch naheen see. uss noon 2022-23 muhim dey pahile chhe maichan witch match daye team witch vee shamal naheen keeta giaa see. herogate shehar. 1 satambar 2022 noon, angus ikk anailani fees laee herogate taoon witch shamal honn laee football leeg witch waps aaiaa. gitte dey ligament deeaan sattan atey bimariaan naal chaar mahiniaan dey nirashajanak daur toon baad, uss noon vaidarbi road 'teey aapna gharelu daibioo curran laee 7 janwari takk intezar karna piaa. uss neey 2022-23 muhim witch naun peshkariaan dittiaan, jiss witch siraf ikk leeg dee shuruat shamal see. ultrincham. uh juun 2023 witch national leeg club ultrincham witch shamal hoow giaa, jitthe manager phil parkinson neey striker regan linnie laee mukabala shamal karna chahiaa. khedan dee shaili. angus ikk forward haii joe aapni khed dee shaili noon "teechiaan, gatee [atey] kamm dee darr" dey roop witch darsaunda haii. nijji jeevan. angus neey 2018 witch peshevar bannan toon pahilan ikk electrician atey ikk maadal vajon kamm keeta. uh terry angus daa puttar haii, ikk defender joe northampton taoon atey fulham laee khediaa see. sanman. bairo

deor aangus deor thaamas aangas (janma 18 janavaree 1994) ekaha aangl-vyaavasaayikah football-kreedakah asti yah club altrincham ityasya krute agresararoopen kreeditavaan. engas-varyaha leag-itara-football-kridaayaam swasya vruttijeevanam aarabdhavaan, solihul moors, lemington (runa-praaptah), byanbari unated (runa-praaptah), kidderminster harriers, vorcester-city (runa-praaptah), deventory-town, stratford-town, reddich-unated ityetebhyah kreeditavaan. saha 2018 janavaree-maase port-vyaale-nagaram prati sthanantaram praptavan, yadaa saha 2017-18 kreedaarutuh poorvaardhe reddich-krute 17 goals krutavaan. 2019 mey-maase sthayee-anubandhe byaaro-madhye sammilanat poorvam, well-nagaraat saha tamwort, neunaton-baro, baaro-nagarayoho runam praptavan. 2021 janavaree-maase reksam-nagaram prati gacchanaat poorvam, saha rashtriya-leag-madhye chaampiyan-rupena football-leag-madhye padonnatim praaptum byaaro-varyam sahayyam akarot. 2022 september-maase harrogate-nagare vikreeya joon-maase 2023 tame varshe altrincham-nagare cha sammilitah. vruttihi. gair-leag. marcus bignot ityasya prabandhane solihul moors ityatra aangas-varyaha swasya vruttijeevanam aarabdhavaan. saha 2011-12 poorva-rutau runasya aadhaaren dakshina-leag-premiyar-division-pakshasya lemington-madhye sammilitah, tathaa cha 27 september dinaanke barminghaam-senior-cup-kreedaayaah udghaatane charane haggett-unated-viruddhe 4-1 ityanena vijaye prathama-dale padaarpane dvivaaram score krutavaan. parantu saha kevalam dvivaaram adhikarupena abhyanayt, aarambhike ekadashasthane praveshtum asaphalah abhavat. saha dakshina-leag-premiyar-division-pratidwandweeshu byanbari-unated-madhye runasya aadhaaren sammilitah, 21 pradarshanani yaavat chatwaarah goals krutavaan. 2012 october 13 dinaanke, damson paark ityatra gasley-varyasya viruddham 2-0 ityanena vijayam abhoot, saha solihal-krute padaarpanam krutavaan. saha 20 november dinaanke boston unated-nagare 2-2 samataay moors-pakshaya prathamam goal krutavaan. saha sampoorne 2012-13 abhiyanasya 33 pradarshanani sapta goals ankitavaan. 2013 joon 17 dinaanke, aangas ityayam conferences-premiyar-club-kidderminster-harriers ityanena saha ekavarshasya anubandhe hastaaksharam krutavaan. saha uttar-sammelanen versester-nagaram prati runam praptavan, parantu ef. e. trophy-kridaayaam versester-pakshatah kreeditum niraakrutya 25 november dinaanke agbaro-nagaram prati punah preshitah. 2014 janavaree-maase muktteh poorvam saha "carpetmen" ityasya krute shut pradarshanani krutavaan. saha solihal moors ityatra pratyagatavan, tathaa cha 2013-14 ityasya dwiteeyaardhe 12 kreedaasu ekam goal krutavaan. 2014 joon 26 dinaanke, aangas dakshina-leag-vibhaga-ekaha kendriya-club-deventry-nagare sammilitah. saha 2014-15 kreedaarutuve dash pradarshanani krutavaan, goladwayam praptavan. tatah saha stratford-nagare sammilayitum ekam vibhaagam agruhnaat. saha 2015-16 kreedaarutuve 41 pradarshanani krutvaa pancha goal akreedat. 2016 december 2 dinaanke, aangas reddich unated madhye sammilitah, tasmin rutau stratford-nagaraat prabandhakasya darren baffield ityasya truteeyam adhigrahanam abhavat. saha "reds" krute 23 kreedaasu dwau golau, stratford krute nava kreedaasu ekaha golau cha krutvaa 2016-17 abhiyanam samaptavan. saha 2017-18 kreedaarutuh prathamardhe 23 pradarshanani krutvaa 17 goals krutavaan. port-vaala. 2018 janavaree 1 dinaanke, engas-varyaha ee. ef. ell. leag-pakshadwip-port-well ityanena saha 18-masasya anubandhe hastaaksharam krutavaan. yadyapi engas ityeshah reddich-nagare anubandhe naasti, tathaapi port-well-nagare club-samsthaayai poorva-rutu-anukoolam, kshatipoortim kartum kechan runa-hastaaksharah cha pradattaah. vyavasthaapikaa neel aspin avadat yat well-paark ityatra tatkshanaprabhaawaay chaapa-engas iti naasti iti. saha 6 janavaree dinaanke prathama-dalasya padaarpanam krutavaan, vanaranga-harita-rovers-kridaayaam 1-0 parajaye marcus-harnes ityasya 75-nimesheh vikalparupena aagatah. maarch 22 dinaanke saha rashtriya-leag-naart-said-tamwort-madhye runena saha 2017-18 ityasya satrasya antaparyantam sammilitah. saha "lembs" ityasya krute shut kreedaasu trayah goals krutavaan, yadyapi taamvart ityasya nirvaasanam nishchitam krutvaa lemb-ground ityatra tasya runa-kaalakramah nyoonah abhavat. saha port-well-nagaram pratyaagatya april-masasya 28 dinaanke aangl-football-leag-kridaayaam prathamaat arambhat eva prathamam goal krutavaan, carlisley-unated-ityanena 2-1 ityanena gruha-parajaye. kreedaah samaaptah tadaa aspin ityeshah avadat yat "aham yatharthataya asham karoti yat saha etasmin stare (leag-dwiteeyah) utpaadayitum shaknoti, parantu tasya upari naa chaapah asti" iti. 2018 julai 19 dinaanke, saha "valiants" ityasya sahakarminaa maik calveli ityanena saha runaroopena national leag-naarth-said-neunaton-baro-madhye sammilitah. leag-pattikayaha adhah "boro" iti mulabhutaha satsu api, 2018-19 creedaa-satrasya poorvaardhe 25 pradarshanartham 13 goals krutvaa saha 3 janavaree dinaanke port-vyaale-nagaram pratyagatavan. saha avadat yat tasya pitaa club-madhye purvakrida aasit iti karanat tasya krute swaatantryopayogah bahu mahattwapoornah aasit, yadyapi club-ityasya vitteeyasankatasya arthah aasit yat tasya swakeeyam vartanam "rochakam parantu anandadayakam" aasit; saha avadat yat "aham kadaapi ekasmin dale naa kreeditavaan yatra rutoho arambhat adyaparyantam asmakam krute treeni bhinnani gruha-upakaranani aasan" iti. bairo. 15 janavaree 2019 dinaanke, engas ityeshah, 2018-19 ityasya satrasya antaparyantam runasya aadhaaren rashtriya-leag-pakshasya bairo ityasmin sammilitah. maarch-maase saha padasya aghatam praapnot, tadanantaram vyavasthaapaken ian eevaat ityanena sheeghram swaasthyam prati punaragamanasya, rutoho katipayeshu shesheshu kreedeshu anubandhasya yogyah iti cha siddheh ashaya sheeghram swaasthyam naa praaptum chetitah. well-ityasya vyavasthaapakah jaan-askee ityeshah nishchitavaan yat saha mey 16 dinaanke aangas-ityasmai nootanam anubandham naa pradaasyati iti. chaturdinanantaram, aangas ityeshah baaro-nagare ekavarshasya anubandhe hastaaksharam krutavaan, yasya vikalpah 12 maasaparyantam aasit. saha 2020 janavareemaase 2021 grishmakaalaparyantam club-madhye sthaapayitum nootanam anubandham hastaksharitavan, atiriktavarshasya vikalpena saha. 2019-20 kreedaarutunah aarambhe 14-creedaa-anaavrushteh kalat avasare api saha scott quigley ityanena saha prabhaavashaaleem strack-sahabhaagitvam niramaat, tathaa cha 2020 maarch-maase caronavairus-mahamarya karanena leag-sanghah sthagitah abhavat tadaa "bluebirds" iti rashtriya-leag-madhye shirshasthane aasit. yadyapi kreedaarutuh punah naa arabdha, tathaapi baaro iti rashtriya-leag-champion-rupena football-leag-madhye padonnatah abhavat. reksam. 2021 februvari 1 dinaanke, aangas ityayam bairo-pakshaat nishkaasy 18 masasya anubandhe rashtriya-leag-pakshasya reksam-krute hastaaksharam krutavaan. kwaame thaamas tathaa jordan ponticelli ityetayoho vrananam karanat april-masasya aarambhe vyavasthaapakasya dean keats ityasya krute ekamaatrah upayuktah stracker iti rupena aangas-varyaha avashishtah. mey-masasya aarambhe shut goals krutvaa, aangas ityeshah avadat yat "redd-dragons" play-aaf-abhiyanam "asmakam paraajayam" iti. parantu 2020-21 kridarutoonaam antimadine degenham & redd bridge ityanena saha samatulyataam praapya rexham play-aaf-kridaayaam parajitah abhavat. 2022 janavaree-maase club-samsthaa swasya anubandhasya atiriktam 12 maasaparyantam vistaaram kartum vikalpam sveekrutavatee, vyavasthaapaken phil parkinson ityanena avadat yat "saha aaghaatasy rogasya cha karanat nirashajanakam kaalam vyateetavaan, parantu tasya anubandhasya sthanantara-jaalasy aarambhe kramabaddhataayaah karanat, vayam adhunaa dair-ityasya gatim punah praaptum purnataya dhyanam dadaamah" iti. saha 2021-22 kreedaarutuve 21 praavashyam abhyanayt, yadyapi res-kors-kreedaagruhe grinsby-nagarasya viruddham play-aaf-semee-final parajaye athavaa wembley-kreedaagruhe bromley-viruddham 2022 ef. e. trophy-antima parajaye vaa myaach-day-dale naseet. 2022-23 abhiyanasya prathamaasu shut kreedaasu saha creedaa-divasa-dale api naa namankitaha aasit. harrogate-nagaram. 2022 september 1 dinaanke, aangas ityeshah football-leag-madhye aprakatitashulkena harrogate-nagare sammilayitum pratyagatavan. padasya asthibandhasya vranaihi rogaihi cha nirashajanakam chaturmaasasya kaalasy anantaram, vedarbee-maarge svagruhapravesham kartum janavareemaasasya 7 dinaankaparyantam pratiksham kartavyam aasit. saha 2022-23 abhiyanasya nava pradarshanani krutavaan, yasmin kevalam ekam leag-aarambham api aasit. altrincham. saha 2023 joon-maase national leag club altrincham-madhye sammilitah, yatra prabandhakah phil parkinson ityeshah stracker-regan-linnie ityasya krute spardhaam yojayitum drushtavaan. kreedaayaah shailee. aangas ekaha agresarah asti yah swasya kreedaayaah shaileem "lakshyani, gatihi [tathaa] karya-daraha" iti varnayati. vyaktigatajeevanam. aangas ityeshah 2018 tame varshe vyavasayikam bhavitum poorvam vidyut-vaidyah tathaa roopadarshiroopen karyam krutavaan. saha terry aangas ityasya putrah asti, yah rakshaka aasit, yah northampton-nagarasya tathaa fulhaam-nagarasya krute kreeditavaan. sammaanah. bairo

dier angus dier thamas angus (prappu janavari 18,1994) oru aangkila thozhilmurai kaalpandhu veerar aavaar, avar kilap altrinjam anikkaaga munnoakki vilaiyaadugiraar. angus leak allaatha kaalpandhil thanathu vaazhkkaiyaith thodangkinaar, solihul moors, leamington (kadanil), banbari united (kadanil), kitterminster haariyars, vorcester chitty (kadanil), daventry down, stradford down mattrum redich united aagiyavattrirkaaga vilaiyaadinaar. 2017-18 paruvaththin muthal paathiyil reditchukkaaga 17 koolgalai adiththa piragu janavari 2018 ill poart vael nagarvaip pettraar. 2019 mae maatham oru niranthara oppanthaththil paaroavil seruvatharku munbu, avar daam vorth, nunedan paroa mattrum paarovukku cuddon pettraar. janavari 2021 ill rexham nagarvatharku munbu, thaesiya leakin saambiyangalaaga kaalpandhu leakil padhavi uyarvu pera paarovukku udhavinaar. avar septumber 2022 ill harocate nagaraththirku virkapattu juun 2023 ill altrinjaamil saernthaar. thozhil. leak allaatha. marcus pignatin nirvaagaththin keezh solihul moorsil angus thanathu vaazhkkaiyaith thodangkinaar. avar therku leak premiier pirivu pakkaththil leamingtonil 2011-12 paruvaththirku munththaiya kaalaththil kadanil saernthaar, maelum septumber 27 andru birmingham mooththa kooppaiyin thodakka suttril highcate unitettukku ethiraaga 4-1 endra cole kanakkil thanathu muthal anii arimugaththil irandu murai cole adiththaar. iruppinum avar irandu murai mattumae idampettraar mattrum thodakka pathinoru idangkalukkul nuzhiyath thavarivittaar. avar therku leak premiier pirivu poattiyaalargalaana banbari united ill inainthaar, 21 thoattrangalil irunthu naanku koolgalai adiththaar. avar october 13,2012 andru dumson poongaavil cuseley 2-0 endra cole kanakkil ventraar. avar navambar 20 andru moors anikkaaga thanathu muthal koalai adiththaar, boastan unitetle 2-2 endra cole kanakkil dira seithaar. avar 2012-13 prachaaram muzhuvathum 33 thoattrangalil irunthu aezhu koolgalai adiththaar. juun 17,2013 andru, angus maanattu premiier kilap kitterminster haariyargaludan oru aandu oppanthaththil kaiyeluththittaar. avar maanattin vadakkup paguthiyin versester nagaraththirku cuddon vaangkappattaar, aanaal faavil warcester anikkaaga vilaiyaada maruththa pinnar navambar 25 andru akbaroavukku tiruppi anuppapattaar. janavari 2014 ill veliyidappaduvatharku munbu avar "kaarpetmaenukkaaga" aaru thoattrangalai velippaduththinaar. avar solihul moorkalukkuth thirumbinaar, maelum 2013-14 paruvaththin irandaam paathiyil 12 aattangkalil oru cole adiththaar. juun 26,2014 andru, angus therku leak pirivu oru matthiya kilap daventry nagaraththil saernthaar. avar 2014-15 paruvaththil paththu thoattrangalil irandu koolgalai adiththaar. pinnar avar stradford nagaril saera oru privukku sentraar. avar 2015-16 paruvaththil 41 thoattrangalil irunthu ainthu koolgalai adiththaar. 2 disambar 2016 andru, angus reditch unitetle saernthaar, antha paruvaththil stradford nagaraththilirunthu maelaalar darren bifieldin moontraavathu kaiyagappaduththal aanaar. avar 23 aattangkalil irunthu irandu koolgaludan "reds" mattrum stratfordukkaaga onbathu aattangkalil irunthu oru kooludan 2016-17 prachchaaraththai muditthaar. avar 2017-18 season muthal paathiyil 23 thoattrangalil irunthu 17 koolgalai adiththaar. poart wall. janavari 1,2018 andru, angus efl leak duu side poart vael udan 18 maatha oppanthaththil kaiyeluththittaar. reditchil angus oppanththaththin keezh illaavittaalum, poart vael kilapukku paruvaththirku munththaiya natpu mattrum izhappeettil sila cuddon kaiyoppangalai valangkiyathu. vael poongaavil udanadi thaakkatthai aerpaduththa endha azhuththamum illai endru maelaalar neel aspin koorinaar. avar janavari 6 aam thaethi thanathu muthal-aniyil arimugamaanaar, vana pasumai roversil 1-0 thoalviyil marcus hornesuku 75 vadhu nimida maattraaka vanthaar. maarch 22 andru, avar thaesiya leak vadakku pakka damworthyl 2017-18 paruvaththin iruthi varai kadanil saernthaar. avar "aattukkuttikalukkaaka" aaru aattangkalil moontru koolgalai adiththaar, iruppinum daam vorth veliyaettrappattathai uruthippaduththiya pinnar aattukutty maithaanaththil avarathu cuddon ezhuththuppizhai kuraikkappattathu. avar poart vael thirumbinaar mattrum aepral 28 andru aangkila kaalpandhu leakil thanathu muthal thodakkaththilirunthu thanathu muthal koalai adiththaar, carlisley united anikku 2-1 endra cole kanakkil thoalviyadainthaar. aattaththirkup piragu aspin, "inththa mattaththil [leak irandu] avar adhai uruvaakka mudiyum endru naan nambukiraen, aanaal avar meethu endha azhuththamum illai" endru koorinaar. juulai 19,2018 andru, avar thaesiya leak vadakku pakka nunedan perunagaraththil "valients" anii veerar maik kaalvaeliyudan saernthu saernthaar. poaroa" leak attavanaiyin adippaguthiyil vaeroontriya poathilum, 2018-19 paruvaththin muthal paathiyil 25 thoattrangalukku 13 koolgalai adiththa piragu janavari 3 andru avar poart vael thirumbinaar. thanathu thanthai kilappil oru munnaal veeraraaga irunthathaal sudhanthira vazhiyil thanathu neram thanakku niraiya arththam endru avar koorinaar, iruppinum kilappin nidhi nerukkadi avarathu sontha ezhuththuppizhai "suvaarasyamaanathu aanaal suvaarasyamaanathu" endru avar kuripittaar; "season thodakkaththilirunthu inththa kattaththil moontru vevvaeru veettu karuvigalaik konda oru aniyil naan orupoathum vilaiyaadiyathillai". barro. janavari 15,2019 andru, angus thaesiya leak pakka paaroavil 2018-19 paruvaththin iruthi varai kadanil saernthaar. avar maarch maathaththil kanukkaal kaayatthai eduththaar, pinnar maelaalar iyaan eevaat moolam season meethamulla sila vilaiyaattukalil oru oppanththaththirku thaguthiyaanavar enbathai niroobikkum nambikkaiyil thanathu meetpai viraivupaduththa vaendaam endru echcharikkappattaar. wall maelaalar john kaekki, mae 16 andru avar aangasukku oru puthiya oppanthaththai vazhangka mattar enbathai uruthippaduthinaar. naanku naatkalukkup piragu, angus paaroavil oru varuda oppanthaththil kaiyeluththittaar, maelum 12 maathangkalukku viruppaththudan. 2021 koadai varai avarai kilappil vaiththiruka 2020 janavariyil avar oru puthiya oppanthaththil kaiyeluththittaar, koodudhal aandu viruppaththudan. 2019-20 paruvaththin thodakkaththil 14-vilayaattu varatchikku aalaana poathilum, avar scott kvikliyudan oru payanulla vaelainiruththa koottaniyai uruvaakkinaar, maarch 2020 ill caronaviruses thottrunoai kaaranamaaga leak idainiruththappattapoathu "bluebards" thaesiya leakil muthalidaththil irunththathu. season meendum thodangappadavillai entraalum, paaroa thaesiya leak saambiyangalaaga kaalpandhu leekkirku padhavi uyarvu pettraar. rexham. pipravari 1,2021 andru, angus paaroavil irunthu veliyaeriya piragu 18 maatha oppanthaththil thaesiya leak pakka roxhamukku kaiyeluththittaar. kwame thamas mattrum jorden panticellicu aerpatta kaayangal aepral thodakkaththil maelaalar deane keetsukku kidaikkakoodiya oray porutthamaana strikeraaga aangasai vittuch sentrana. mae maatha thodakkaththil aaru koolgalai adiththa angus, "sivappu trackengal" pilae-off prachaaram "izhakka vaendiya namathu" endru koorinaar. iruppinum, 2020-21 season iruthi naalil tagenham & redbridjuden dira seitha piragu frexham pilae-afsait thavaravittaar. janavari 2022 ill kilap thanathu oppanthaththai koodudhalaaga 12 maathangkalukku neettikka oru virupaththai eduththukkondathu, maelaalar pill barkinson "kaayam mattrum noai moolam avarukku oru virakthigaramaana neram irunththathu, aanaal avarathu oppantham ippoathu parimaattra saalaraththin aarambaththil varisaippaduththappattathal, naangkal ippoathu muzhumaiyaaga kavanam seluththugiroam. avar 2021-22 seasonil 21 murai idampettraar, iruppinum rays course maithaanaththil graimbee downidam pilae-off araiyiruthi thoalvikkaana poatti naall aniyil illai allathu 2022 efa kooppai iruthip poattiyil bromlicu sattamandra maithaanaththil thoalviyadainthathu. 2022-23 prachchaaraththin muthal aaru aattangkalil avar oru poatti naall aniyil peyaridappadavillai. haaroaget nagaram. septumber 1,2022 andru, angus oru veliyidappadaatha kattanaththirku haaroak downill saera kaalpandhu leekkirkuth thirumbinaar. kanukkaal thasaippidippu kaayangal mattrum noigalaal virakthiyadaintha naanku maatha kaalatthaith thodarnthu, vetharbai saalaiyil thanathu sontha arimugaththai seiya avar janavari 7 varai kaatthirukka vaendiyirunththathu. avar 2022-23 prachchaaraththil onbathu thoattrangalai velippaduththinaar, idhil oru leak thodakkamum adangkum. ultrinsum. avar juun 2023 ill thaesiya leak kilap aaltrinchaththil saernthaar, angku maelaalar pill barkinson striker regan linnikkaana poattiyai saerkka muyantraar. vilayaattu paani. angus oru munnoadi aavaar, avar thanathu vilayaattu paaniyai "ilakkugal, vaegam [mattrum] vaelai vigitham" endru vivarikkiraar. thanipatta vaazhkkai. 2018 aam aandil tholilmuraikku varuvatharku munbu oru electrician mattrum oru maadalaaga angus paniyaattrinaar. avar northampton down mattrum fulham anikkaaga vilaiyaadiya oru paathukaavalaraana terri angusine magan aavaar. gowravangal. barro

dier angus dier thamus angus (jananam 18 janavari 1994) oka aangla professional football kreedaakaarudu, athanu club ultrincham kosam forwardga aadataadu. angus naan-leag footballo thana vruttini praarambhinchaadu, solihul moors, leamington (runampai), banbury united (runampai), kidderminster harriers, versester city (runampai), daventory town, stratford town mariyu redditch united kosam aadadu. athanu 2018 janavarilo port vaaleku vellaadu, athanu 2017-18 season modati bhaagamlo redd ditch kosam 17 goals chesaadu. athanu 2019 maeloe shaashwata oppandampai barolo chaeradaaniki mundu, athanu wall nundi tamworth, neunaton baroe mariyu baroku runam pondaadu. athanu janavari 2021loe rexamku vellae mundu, jaateeya leag champiyanluga football leagloki promotion pondadaaniki sahayapaddadu. athanu september 2022loe harogate pattanaaniki vikrayinchabaddaadu mariyu juun 2023loe ultrinchamlo cheraadu. vrutti. naan-leag. marcus bignot nirvahanalo solihul moors vadda angus thana vruttini praarambhinchaadu. athanu 2011-12 prii-season samayamlo runampai dakshina leag premiere division vaipu leamingtonlo cheraadu, mariyu september 27naa birmingham senior cup prarambha roundloo haiget unitedpy 4-1 thedaatho vijayam saadhinchi thana modati-jattu arangetramlo rendusaarlu score chesaadu. ayithe athanu kevalam rendusaarlu matrame kanipinchaadu mariyu prarambha padakonduloki pravesinchadamlo viphalamayyaadu. athanu dakshina leag premiere division pratyarthulu banbury unitedlo runam meeda cheraadu, 21 pradarsanala nundi naalugu goals saadhinchaadu. athanu 13 october 2012naa solihul kosam dumson paarkulo gaisleepai 2-0thoo vijayam saadhinchaadu. athanu november 20naa boston unitedlo 2-2 drallo moors kosam thana modati goal saadhinchaadu. athanu 2012-13 pracharam antataa 33 pradarsanala nundi edu goals chesaadu. 17 juun 2013naa, angus conferences premiere club kidderminster haariyarstoe oka samvatsaram oppandampai santakam chesaadu. athanu uttara conferences yokka versester nagaraniki runam teesukunnadu, conny phaa trophylo versester kosam aadataaniki niraakarinchina taruvaata november 25naa tirigi agboroku pampabaddaadu. 2014 janavarilo vidudala kaavadaaniki mundu athanu "corpetmen" kosam aarusaarlu kanipinchaadu. athanu solihul moors kuu tirigi vacchaadu, mariyu 2013-14 season rendava bhaagamlo 12 aatalalo oka goal saadhinchaadu. 26 juun 2014naa, angus dakshina leag division vann central club daventory townloo cheraadu. athanu 2014-15 seasonlo padhi pradarsanalu icchaadu, rendu goals chesaadu. aaa taruvaata athanu stratford pattanamlo chaeradaaniki oka vibhaganni marchadu. athanu 2015-16 seasonlo 41 matchlo aidu goals chesaadu. 2 december 2016naa, angus redd ditch unitedlo cheraadu, aaa seasonlo stratford town nundi manager darren bifield yokka moodava samuparjana ayyadu. athanu "reds" kosam 23 aatala nundi rendu goals mariyu stratford kosam tommidi aatala nundi oka goltho 2016-17 pracharanni muginchaadu. athanu 2017-18 season modati ardhabhaagamlo 23 pradarsanala nundi 17 goals chesaadu. port valae. 1 janavari 2018naa, angus efl leag too side port vaelthoo 18 nelala oppandampai santakam chesaadu. redd ditch vadda angus oppandam prakaram laenappatikee, port whale klabku prii-season friendly mariyu nashtapariharamgaa konni runa santakaalanu andinchindi. manager neel aspin matladutu, whale paarkulo takshana prabhavam chuupadaaniki etuvanti ottidi angus ledani chepparu. athanu janavari 6naa thana modati-jattuloki adugupettadu, forrest green roverse vadda 1-0 thedaatho odipoyina marcus hornessku 75va nimishamlo pratyamnaayamgaa vacchaadu. marchi 22naa, athanu national leag north side tamworthlo 2017-18 season mugise varaku runam meeda cheraadu. athanu "lambs" kosam aaru aatalalo moodu goals chesaadu, ayithe tamworth bahishkarana nirdhaarinchabadina taruvaata lamb groundlo athani runa spell tagginchabadindi. athanu port vaaleku tirigi vacchi april 28naa inglish football leaglo thana modati prarambham nundi thana modati goal saadhinchaadu, carlisle unitedto 2-1thoo odipoyaadu. aata tarvaata aspin matladutu, "athanu eee sthaayilo [leag rendu] daanini utpatti cheyagaladani neenu nijamgaa aasistunnaanu, conny atanipai etuvanti ottidi ledhu". 19 juulai 2018naa, athanu "valients" sahacharudu mike kaalvelito paatu runampai national leag north side neunaton barolo cheraadu. boro" leag pattikalo diguvana unnappatikee, 2018-19 season modati bhaagamlo 25 matchlo 13 goals chesina taruvaata athanu janavari 3naa port vaaleku tirigi vacchaadu. club yokka aardhika sankshobham athani swantha spell "aasaktikaramgaa conny anandadayakamga" unnappatikee, club loe thana tandri maajee aatagadiga unnanduna swechchagaa gadipina samayam tanaku chaalaa ardhamani athanu cheppadu; athanu "season prarambham nundi eee samayam varaku maaku moodu ververu home kitlu unna jattulo neenu eppuduu aadaledu" anie paerkonnaadu. baaro. 15 janavari 2019naa, angus 2018-19 season mugise varaku runampai jaateeya leag vaipu barolo cheraadu. athanu maarchilo cheelamanda gaayam pondaadu mariyu aaa tarvaata manager eoin evat chetha twaragaa kolukokudadani heccharinchabaddadu, tadwara athanu twaragaa fitnessku tirigi vastaadani mariyu seasonloni migilina konni aatalalo oppandaaniki arhuraalani niroopinchukuntaanani aasinchaaru. wall manager zaan askey mae 16naa aangasku kotta oppandaanni andinchanunnatlu dhruveekarinchaaru. naalugu rojula taruvaata, angus maroe 12 nelala empikatho barolo oka samvatsaram oppandampai santakam chesaadu. athanu 2021 vesavi varaku club loe unchadaaniki 2020 janavarilo kotta oppandampai santakam chesaadu, adanapu samvatsaram empikatho. 2019-20 season praarambhamlo 14-aatala karuvu kaalam unnappatikee, athanu scott quigleytho samarthavanthamaina strike bhagaswamyanni yerparachukunnadu mariyu marchi 2020loe coronavirus mahammari kaaranamgaa leag nilipiveyabadinappudu "bluebirds" jaateeya leaglo agrasthaanamlo undhi. season tirigi praarambhinchabadanappatiki, baaro jaateeya leag champiyanluga football leagku padoonnati pondaadu. pushpaguchcham. 1 fibravari 2021naa, angus baronu vidichipettina taruvaata 18 nelala oppandampai jaateeya leag vaipu pushpaguchcham kosam santakam chesaadu. kwame thamus mariyu jordan ponticellilaku gayalu april praarambhamlo manager deane keats kuu andubaatulo unna ekaika fitt strikerga aangasnu vadilivesayi. mae praarambhamlo aaru goals saadhinchina angus, "redd dragons" play-off pracharam "odipovadam manadi" anie cheppadu. ayithe 2020-21 season chivari rojuna dagonham & redd bridgeto draga aadina tarvaata play-offsnu miss ayyadu. club thana oppandaanni janavari 2022loe adanamgaa 12 nelala paatu podiginche empikanu teesukundi, manager phil parkinson matladutu "gaayam mariyu anaaroogyam kaaranamgaa athanu niraasaparichaadu, conny athani oppandam ippudu badilee vindolo praarambhamlo kramabaddheekarinchabadindi, memu ippudu puurtigaa drushti kendrikarinchamu. athanu 2021-22 seasonlo 21 saarlu kanipinchaadu, ayithe rays course groundlo grimsby townku play-off semee-final otami ledhaa 2022 phaa trophy final otami kosam match day jattulo laedu. 2022-23 prachaaramlo modati aaru aatalalo match day jattulo kooda athani paeru pettabadaledu. harrogate pattanam. 1 september 2022naa, angus football leagku tirigi vacchi, teliyani rusumu kosam harogate pattanamlo cheraadu. cheelamanda snayuvu gayalu mariyu anaarogyaalato niraasaparichina naalugu nelala tarvaata, vedarbi roadloo thana home arangetram cheyadaaniki athanu janavari 7 varaku vechi undalsi vachindi. athanu 2022-23 prachaaramlo tommidi pradarsanalu icchaadu, indulo oka leag prarambham matrame undhi. altrinch. athanu juun 2023loe national leag club ultrinchamlo cheraadu, akkada manager phil parkinson striker regaon linnie kosam pootiini jodinchaalani chushadu. aata shaili. angus thana aata sailini "lakshyalu, vegam [mariyu] pani raetu" gurinchi vivarinche oka forward. vyaktigata jeevitam. angus 2018loe vruttinipunulugaa maaradaaniki mundu electrician mariyu modalga panicheesaadu. athanu northampton town mariyu fulham kosam aadina defender ayina terrie angus kumarudu. gowravaalu. baaro

dier angus dier thamas angus (paidaish 18 januri 1994) eek angrez paishah warr fitt baalar hay juu kalb altrencham kay liye forward kay toor parr kheelta hay. angus nay apnay carrier kaa aaghaz naan leeg fitt baal mein kiyaa solhool morz lemington (qarz parr)yee benbari united (qarz parr)yee cudderminister harriers worster stee (qarz parr)yee deventary town straitford town aur reddich united kay liye kheltay hoay. inhon nay januri 2018 mein port veeli mein qadm rakhaa jabb inhon nay 2017-18 seezan kay pehley nasf mein reddich kay liye 17 goal kiye. weel say mayee 2019 mein mustaqil muahide parr bero mein shaamil honay say pehley asay tomm warth neniton boro aur bero kuu qarz diyaa gayaa thaa. iss nay januri 2021 mein reksham mein jaanay say pehley qomi leeg kay champine kay toor parr fitt baal leeg mein tarqi haasil karnay mein bero kii madad kii. asay satambar 2022 mein herogate town mein farokhat kirr diyaa gayaa aur joone 2023 mein ultrancham mein shaamil how gayaa. carrier. ghair leeg. angus nay apnay carrier kaa aaghaz maarks bagnot kay zeer intezam solhool morz say kiyaa. inhon nay 2011-12 paree seezan kay doraan qarz parr saotharan leeg premier devision side lemington mein shamoliyat akhtiyar kii aur 27 satambar kuu barmangham seniyar cup kay iftatahi round mein hayee gait united parr 4-1 say jeeth mein apnee pehli team kay aaghaz parr duu baar goal kiyaa. tahim inhon nay sarf duu baar mazeed numayan kiyaa aur ibtadayi gayarah mein daakhil honay mein nakaam rahay. wah janubi leeg premier devision kay hareef benbari united mein shaamil how gayey jiss nay 21 muqabilon mein chaar goal kiye. inhon nay 13 aktobar 2012 kuu demson paark mein gaizli parr 2-0 say jeeth kay saath solhool kay liye apnaa aaghaz kiyaa. inhon nay 20 nomber kuu bostan united mein 2-2 say draa mein morz kay liye apnaa pehla goal kiyaa. inhon nay 2012-13 muham kay doraan 33 muqabilon mein saat goal kiye. 17 joone 2013 cow angus nay conference premier kalb cudderminister harriers kay saath eek saal kay muahide parr dastakhat kiye. asay conference naarth kay worster stee kuu qarz diyaa gayaa thaa leakin aif aey trophy mein worster kay liye khelnay say ankaar karnay kay baad 25 nomber kuu asay waps agbro bhej diyaa gayaa. inhon nay januri 2014 mein release honay say pehley "corpet meen" kay liye chh martabah sharkat kii. wah solhool morz mein waps aayey aur 2013-14 seezan kay dosray nasf mein 12 kheelon mein eek goal kiyaa. 26 joone 2014 kuu angus nay saotharan leeg devision winn central kalb deventary town mein shamoliyat akhtiyar kii. inhon nay 2014-15 seezan mein duu goal score kartay hoay duss martabah sharkat kii. iss kay baad iss nay strait ford town mein shaamil honay kay liye eek devision kuu muntaqil kiyaa. inhon nay 2015-16 seezan mein 41 muqabilon mein paanch goal kiye. 2 dasambar 2016 cow angus nay reddich united mein shamoliyat akhtiyar kii iss seezan mein straitford town say meniger dairan bayee feld kaa teesra hasool bunn gayaa. inhon nay "redz" kay liye 23 kheelon mein say duu goal aur straitford kay liye noow kheelon mein say eek goal kay saath 2016-17 muham kaa ikhtatam kiyaa. inhon nay 2017-18 seezan kay pehley nasf mein 23 muqabilon mein 17 goal kiye. port veeli. 1 januri 2018 cow angus nay ayee aif eel leeg tuu side port veeli kay saath 18 maah kay muahide parr dastakhat kiye. angus reddeach mein muahide kay tahat naha honay kay bawajood port weel nay kalb kuu paree seezan dostana aur maawaze mein kachh qarzon parr dastakhat karnay kii paishkash kii. maneejar neel speen nay kahaa kahh weel paark mein fouri asar daalnay kay liye koyee dabao angus nahein thaa. inhon nay 6 januri kuu apnee pehli team kaa aaghaz kiyaa farst grain rovers mein 1-0 say shakast mein maarks harnes kay 75 wein mint kay muthbadil kay toor parr aayey. 22 maarch cow inhon nay national leeg naarth side team warth mein 2017-18 seezan kay ikhtatam takk qarz parr shamoliyat akhtiyar kii. inhon nay "lambus" kay liye chh kheelon mein teen goal kiyay halankah team warth kii jalawatni kii tasdiq kay baad lamb ground mein inn kay qarz kaa speel kumm kirr diyaa gayaa thaa. wah port weel waps aayaa aur 28 apreel kuu anglish fitt baal leeg mein apnay pehley aaghaz say hyee apnaa pehla goal kiyaa carlicil united say 2-1 say hoam shakast mein. kheel kay baad speen nay kahaa kahh "majhay waaqee ameed hay kahh wah asay iss satah parr [leeg tuu] tayaar kirr saktaa hay leakin iss parr koyee dabao nahein hay. 19 jolayi 2018 cow inhon nay national leeg naarth side neniton boro mein "valents" team kay saathi mayik calville kay saath qarz parr shamoliyat akhtiyar kii. boro" leeg table kay nichley hasay mein jadnay kay bawajood 2018-19 seezan kay pehley nasf mein 25 paishi kay liye 13 goal karnay kay baad wah 3 januri kuu port veeli waps aayey. inhon nay kahaa kahh aazadi kay raastay parr inn kaa waqat inn kay liye behat aham thaa keunkah inn kay waalid kalb kay saabiq khilaadi thay halankah kalb kay maali behraan kaa matlab thaa kahh wahaan inn kaa apnaa door "dilchasp leakin khushgawar" thaa. inhon nay nott kiyaa kahh "mein nay kabhi bhee aisi team mein nahein kheela jehaan seezan kay aaghaz say lay kirr aaj takk hamaray paas teen mukhtalif hoam cuts haine. baaro. 15 januri 2019 kuu angus nay national leeg side bero mein 2018-19 seezan kay ikhtatam takk qarz parr shamoliyat akhtiyar kii. maarch mein asay takhnay mein choot lagee aur baad mein maneejar ayaan ayoot nay asay khabardar kiyaa kahh wah jald sehat yaab honay mein jaldi naha karay iss ameed mein kahh wah jald sehat yaab how jaaye aur seezan kay chand baaqi kheelon mein khood kuu muahide kay laiq saabat karay. weel kay maneejar jaan aaski nay tasdiq kii kahh wah 16 mayee kuu angus kuu neeya muahidah paish nahein karein gay. chaar dunn baad angus nay bero mein eek saal kay muahide parr dastakhat kiyay jiss mein mazeed 12 maah kay liye option thaa. iss nay januri 2020 mein eek nayey muahide parr dastakhat kiye taakah asay mosam garma 2021 takk kalb mein rakhaa jaa sakay jiss mein eek izaafi saal kaa option thaa. seezan kay aaghaz mein 14 kheelon kay khashak saali kay door say guzarnay kay bawajood inhon nay scott koegle kay saath eek mosar strike partnership banayi aur maarch 2020 mein jabb leeg kuu korona wires wabayi amraz kii wajah say muatil kirr diyaa gayaa tuu "blue birds" qomi leeg mein sarfehrist thay. agarcha seezan dobarah sharoo nahein hawaa thaa leakin bero kuu qomi leeg champine kay toor parr fitt baal leeg mein tarqi dee gayee. reksham. 1 faroori 2021 kuu angus nay bero chhodnay kay baad 18 maah kay muahide parr national leeg kii taraf say reksham kay liye dastakhat kiye. kawaam thamas aur jorden ponticily kuu chootein lagnay say angus apreel kay awail mein maneejar deane cates kay liye dastiyaab waahid fitt striker bunn gayaa. mayee kay aaghaz takk chh goal karnay kay baad angus nay kahaa kahh "reed dragons" play aaf muham "haarna hamaari" thee. tahim treksham 2020-21 seezan kay aakhri dunn deganham aind reed barj kay saath draa karnay kay baad play aaf say mahroom how gayey. kalb nay januri 2022 mein apnay muahide mein izaafi 12 maah kii tausia kaa akhtiyar akhtiyar kiyaa maneejar fill parkenson nay kahaa kahh "choot aur bemari kay zariye inn kaa mayus kunn waqat guzra hay leakin abb inn kaa muahidah transfer wando mein jald hyee tartib diye jaanay kay saath abb humm makmal toor parr dier kuu raftaar mein waps laanay parr taujah markoz kirr rahay haine. inhon nay 2021-22 seezan mein 21 baar hasah liyaa halankah wah rees kors ground mein garmasbi town say play aaf seemi final mein shakast yaa assembly steadium mein bromli say 2022 aif aey trophy final mein shakast kay liye meech day schwad mein nahein thay. inhein 2022-23 muham kay pehley chh kheelon mein meech day schwad mein bhee namzad nahein kiyaa gayaa thaa. harogit town. 1 satambar 2022 cow angus eek namalum fees parr herigate town mein shaamil honay kay liye fitt baal leeg mein waps aayaa. takhnay kii lagament kii chooton aur beemariyon kay saath mayus kunn chaar maah kay door kay baad asay wadarbi road parr apnaa hoam debio karnay kay liye 7 januri takk intezar karnaa padaa. inhon nay 2022-23 muham mein noow martabah sharkat kii jiss mein sarf eek leeg kaa aaghaz bhee shaamil thaa. altrencham. inhon nay joone 2023 mein national leeg kalb alterncham mein shamoliyat akhtiyar kii jehaan maneejar fill parkenson nay striker reegan leeni kay liye muqabilah shaamil karnay kii koshish kii. kheel kaa andaaz. angus eek forward hay juu apnay kheel kay andaaz kuu "goal raftaar [aur] kaam kii sharah" kay baaray mein biyaan kartaa hay. zaati zindagi. angus nay 2018 mein paishah warr bannay say pehley electration aur maadal kay toor parr kaam kiyaa. wah terry angus kaa betaa hay juu eek muhafiz hay juu northampton town aur falham kay liye kheelta thaa. aizazat. baaro

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=14767885

Mark DiFelice

Mark DiFelice American baseball player & coach Mark Andrew DiFelice (born August 23, 1976) is an American former Major League pitcher. Growing up in Havertown, Pennsylvania, Mark played for Hilltop Baseball and is currently the only player from that league (established in 1963) to play in MLB. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Milwaukee Brewers. He is currently working as a pitching coach for the Wilmington Blue Rocks. Minor league career. DiFelice started his professional career as a part of the Colorado Rockies organization in 1998. He played his first season for their Class A (Short Season) affiliate, the Portland Rockies. In 1999, DiFelice advanced to the Class A-Advanced Salem Avalanche. In 2000, he played for the Double-A Carolina Mudcats. DiFelice also played part of the 2001 season for Carolina, while also pitching for the Triple-A Colorado Springs Sky Sox. In 2002, he was sent back down to the Class A (Short Season) Tri-City Dust Devils and Salem. In 2003, he played for the Rockies' new Double-A affiliate, the Tulsa Drillers. In 2004, DiFelice switched to the Baltimore Orioles organization, playing for their Triple-A Ottawa Lynx. In 2005, DiFelice pitched for the Washington Nationals with their Triple-A New Orleans Zephyrs and the independent Atlantic League's Somerset Patriots. He stayed with the Atlantic League for 2006, playing for the Camden Riversharks. DiFelice returned to affiliated baseball in 2007, playing for the Milwaukee Brewers' Double-A Huntsville Stars, and then their Triple-A Nashville Sounds. After his first ten professional seasons, DiFelice had a record of 77–57, with an ERA of 3.53, and had recorded 951 strikeouts. Major league career. After starting the 2008 season in Nashville, posting a 3–0 record with a 3.91 ERA, DiFelice's contract was purchased by Milwaukee on May 15, and he made his major league debut three days later, May 18. On June 29, after appearing in 10 games, DiFelice was sent back down to Nashville. He received a call up on September 1, 2008, and he picked up his first major league win in the same month. DiFelice spent the whole 2009 season in the big leagues. He finished with a 4–1 record with 51.2 innings pitched and a 3.66 ERA. Following the 2009 season, DiFelice underwent shoulder surgery, which sidelined him for the entire 2010 season. He signed a minor league contract with an invitation to 2011 spring training while pitching in the fall instructional league. On June 18, 2011, DiFelice had his contract purchased by the Brewers. He made it back to the major leagues only to have his shoulder give out again, requiring a 3rd surgery and ending his 2011 season. In 2012, DiFelice signed with an Italian team. Coaching career. DiFelice was named as the pitching coach for the Wilmington Blue Rocks in the Washington Nationals organization. World Baseball Classic. DiFelice was selected as a pitcher for the Italian national team in the 2009 World Baseball Classic. He started in the team's opening game against Venezuela, pitching four shutout innings while allowing three hits and striking out one batter, finishing the game with a no decision after leaving the game scoreless. Personal. DiFelice has served as the unofficial barber of all the teams he has played for. His grandmother was a hairdresser, and his aunt owns a salon in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania. When word spread that DiFelice cut hair, his teammates began making appointments for haircuts in the clubhouse. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

bhinnota sinhito korok mark endru defelis (jonmo 23 aagosto, 1976) egoraki aamerikan prakton pesadari besbol pisar. pensylvanier havertownot dangor hoi thoka marke hiltop besbolor hoi khelisil aaru bortoman xei leegor (1963 sonot protistha huwa) ekmatro kheluwoi jiye em. el. bi. too khele. teu milwawaki bruarsor hoi mejor leeg besbol (em. el. bi.) too khelisil. teu bortoman wilmington blue rokchor pising proxikhyok hisape kaam kori aase. miner leeg keriyar. defelice 1998 sonot colorado rokij xongsthar ongxo hisape teur pesadari keriyar aarombho korisil. teu teulukor class e (suti sijon) onumudit, poo 'rtland rokijor baabe teur prothom sijon khelisil. 1999 sonot, defelise e-unnot chelem himpropat shreniloi ogroxor hoisil. 2000 sonot teu daabol-e kerulina modketsor hoi khelisil. defelise 2001 sonor sijonor ongxou kerulinar baabe khelisil, aanhate tripol-e koll "raadu springs skye sokhyor babeu pischo korisil. 2002 sonot teuk punor e (suti sijon) shreniloi preron koraa hoisil trixkhon sohoror dhulir xoyotan aaru selemoloi. 2003 sonot teu rokijor notun daabol-e affiliate, dyo tulsa drillersor hoi khelisil. 2004 sonot, defelise bultimur oriyo 'los xongothonoloi xoloni hoisil, teulukor tripol-e oh' taawa linkxor hoi khelisil. 2005 sonot, defalice teulukor tripol-e niu orlins jefirs aaru swadhin aatlantik leegor xumorset dexpremixokolor xoite waswingtonor nagorikxokolor baabe protidondita korisil. teu 2006 sonor baabe aatlantik leegor xoite aasil, camden reverharksor hoi khelisil. 2007 sonot milwawaki bruarsor daabol-e huntxville starsor hoi kheli aaru taar pisot teulukor triple-e naswile xobdor baabe kheli defelise onumudit besbololoi ubhoti aahisil. teur prothom dohta pesadari sijonor pisot, defeliceor 3.53 jugor xoite 77-57 ror obhilekh aasil, aaru 951taa strikeout record korisil. prodhan leeg keriyar. 2008 sonor sijontu naswobhilot aarombho korar pisot, 3.91 jugor xoite 3-0 record post kori, defaliceor sukti milwawakiye 15 mey 'too kroy korisil, aaru tini dinor pisot, 18 mey' too teu teur prodhan leeg aatmoprokax korisil. 29 junot, 10khon khelot ongxogrohon korar pisot, defalike naswobhiloloi ghurai pothiuwa hoisil. 2008 sonor 1 septemborot teu etaa phone paisil aaru xei maahote teu prothomtu prodhan leeg joy laabh korisil. defelice 2009 sonor gutei sijontu dangor ligxomuhot otibahito korisil. teu 51.2taa innings pich kori aaru 3.66taa jugor xoite 4-1 recordor xoite xomapto korisil. 2009 sonor sijonor pisot, defelice kandhor ostrupsar koraisil, jiye teuk 2010 sonor gutei sijonor baabe aatorai rakhisil. teu 2011 sonor boxontokalin proxikhyonor baabe aamontron jonuwar xoite etaa miner leeg sukti swakhyor korisil, jetiya teu foll instrictional leegot pischo korisil. 2011 sonor 18 junot defalice teur suktikhon bruwarxokole kroy korisil. teu kewol teur kandhor poraa punor proityakhyan koriboloi mukhyo leegot ubhoti aahisil, tritiyo ostrupsaror proyujon hoisil aaru teur 2011 sonor sijon xomapto hoisil. 2012 sonot defelise etaa italy dolor xoite swakhyor korisil. proxikhyon jiwan. waswington nationals xongothonor wilmington blue rokchor pising proxikhyok hisape defeliceok naam diya hoisil. biswor utkristo bexbol. 2009 sonor biswo besbol classicot defalike italyr rastriyo dolor baabe pisar hisape basoni koraa hoisil. teu venijuwelar biruddhe dolor udwudhoni khelot aarombho korisil, tinita hitt aaru ejon batsmenok strike out korar onumoti di sarita swatout innings pitch kori khelkhon sko 'robihin kori diyar pisot kunu xiddhanto noll' leu khelkhon xomapto korisil. byoktigoto. defelise teu khelaa xokolu dolor onanusthanik naapito hisape kaam korise. teur aaitak egoraki hairdresser aasil, aaru teur khurir pensylvanier newtown schwarot etaa chelun aase. jetiya xei bhinnobhabe kotaa sulir kotha biyopi porisil, tetiya teur xotirthoxokole clubhousot suli kotar baabe appointment koriboloi aarombho korisil.

parthokyo chinnito korun marqa andru defelis (jonmo 23shhey august, 1976) ekjon markin praktan peshadar baseball pitcher. pensylvanier havertowne bede otha marqa hilltop basebaler hoye khelechen ebong bortomane seii liger (1963 saale protisthito) ekmatro kheload jini mlb-teey khelen. tini milwaki bruarder hoye mejor leeg baseball (mlb) khelechen. bortomane tini wilmington blue rockser pitching coach hisebe kaaj korchen. minor ligg carrier. defelis 1998 saale colorado rockies sangosthar ongsho hisabe taar peshadar karmajiban shuru corren. tini taader classes ayee (swalpo morshum) onumodito portland rokijer jonno taar prothom morshum khelechilen. 1999 saale, defelis ayee-advanced salem avalunch shrenite unnito hoy. 2000 saale tini double-ayee carolina modcatser hoye khelen. defelis 2001 morshume caroliner hoyeo khelechilen, pashapashi triple-ayee colorado springs skye soxer jonnou pitching korechilen. 2002 saale, taake tri-shohorer dhulo shaytan ebong salem-ayee (swalpo morshum) shrenite ferat pathano hoy. 2003 saale, tini rokijer notun double-ayee affiliate, tulsa drillerser hoye khelechilen. 2004 saale, defelis baltimore oreols sangosthai choley yaay, taader triple-ayee autoa linkser hoye khele. 2005 saale, defelis taader triple-ayee neu orleans jefayara ebong swadhin atlantik liger sommerset deshpremikder saathe washington nagrikder jonno daand koriyechilo. tini 2006 saal porjonto atlantik leagay chhilen, camden rivershirkser hoye khelen. defelis 2007 saale onumodito baseball-ayee firey asen, milwaki bruarder double-ayee huntsville tarokader hoye khelen ebong tarpor taader triple-ayee nashville sound khelen. taar prothom dashti peshadar morshumer porey, defeliser 3.53 juger saathe 77-57 record chhilo ebong 951 strikeout record korechilo. mejor ligg carrier. nashville 2008 morshum shuru korar porr, 3-0 record soho 3-91 juger saathe, defeliser chuktiti milwaki 15ee meey kiney neyo ebong tinn deane porey, 18ee meey taar prodhan lige atmoprokash korey. 29shhey june, 10tii khelay uposthito howar porey, defeliske nashville ferat pathano hoy. 2008 saaler 1laa septembara tini ekti phone qala paan ebong ekoi maase tini taar prothom borh ligg joy orjon corren. defelis 2009 saaler puro morshumti borh liggulite katiechilen. tini 51.2 innings pitch ebong 3.66 juger saathe 4-1 record niye shesh corren. 2009 saaler morshumer porr, defeliser kandher astropachar koraa hoy, jaa taake puro 2010 morshumer jonno baad deyo. tini potoner nirdeshmulak leagay pitching korar somoy 2011 saaler bosonto proshikkhoner amantran soho ekti chhoto liger chukti swakkhar corren. 18ee june, 2011-ayee, defelis taar chuktiti modd prostutkarokder dwara kiney niyechilo. tini prodhan liggulite firey esechilen ebong abar kaandh diye chhede diyechilen, jaar jonno tritiya ostropocharer prayojan hoyechilo ebong taar 2011 morsum shesh hoyechilo. 2012 saale, defelis ekti italiya doler saathe chuktiboddho hoy. coaching pesha. washington nationals organizatione wilmington blue rockser pitching coach hisabe defeliske manoneet koraa hoyechilo. bishwa baseball classic. 2009 saaler bishwa baseball classic-ayee defeliske italiya jatiya doler jonno pitcher hisabe nirbachito koraa hoyechilo. tini venezueller bipokkhe doler udwodhoni khelay shuru corren, tinti hitt korar anumati diye charti shutout innings khelen ebong ekjon batterke aghat corren, khelati scoreheen rekhe konao siddhanta chharai khelati shesh corren. byaktigato. defelis jey samasta doler hoye khelechen taader ananusthanik napit hisabe kaaj korechen. taar thakuma ekjon hairdresser chhilen ebong taar massie pensylvanier newtown squarey ekti seluner malik. jokhon eyi vinno rokomer chull cutter khobor chhoriye porey, tokhon taar satirthara clubhousey chull cutter jonno appointment korte shuru korey.

tafavatne chinhit karoo marqa andrew defailis (janm 23 august, 1976) aek american bhutpurv vyaavsaayik baseball pitcher chhe. pensylvania havertownma uchharela marqa hilltop baseball maate ramyaa hataa aneey haalmaa teey leag (1963maan sthaapit) naa ekmatra khelaadi chhe jeey mlbma ramey chhe. teo milavauki bruers maate mejar leag baseball (aema. aela. bii.) maan ramyaa hataa. teey haalmaa wilmington blue roqsa maate pitching coach tareeke kaama curry rahyo chhe. naanee leag karkirdi. defelise 1998maan colorado rockies sansthaana aek bhaag tareeke temnee vyaavsaayik karkidrini sharuaat curry hatee. temane temnee pratham season temnaa varg aee (tunkee season) sanlagn, portland rockies maate ramee hatee. 1999maan, defailise aee-advanced salem himprapaatnaa vargmaa pragatee curry. 2000maan, teo double-aee kerolina mudcates maate ramyaa hataa. defailise 2001nee seasonma kerolina maate pann bhaag leedho hato, jyaare triple-aee colorado springs skye soaks maate pann pitch karyoo hatoo. 2002maan, temne varg aee (tunkee mosam) trikoneey shaher dhool shetan aneey salemma paachha mokalvaamaa aavyaa hataa. 2003maan, teo rokeezna navaa double-aee sanlagn, tulsa drillers maate ramyaa hataa. 2004maan, defailise temnee triple-aee ottava links maate rameene baltimore oriels sanstha taraf valyaa. 2005maan, defelise temnaa triple-aee nyu orleans zephire aneey swatantra atlantic leegnaa somerset deshbhakto saathe washingtonna nagriko maate rajuaat curry hatee. teo 2006 sudhee atlantic leag saathe rahyaa aneey camden riversharks maate ramyaa. defailis 2007maan sanlagn baseballma parat faryaa, milavauki bruersnaa double-aee huntsville stars maate ramyaa, aneey pachhi temnaa triple-aee nashville avaajo. tenee pratham dass vyaavsaayik season pachhi, defailise 3.53naa yug saathe 77-57 noow vikram banaavyo hato aneey 951 strikeout nondhaavya hataa. mukhya leag karkirdi. 2008nee seasonni sharuaat nashvilema curry, 3-91 yug saathe 3-0noow vikram sthaapit karyo, defeliceno karaar milavauki dwara 15 menaa roj khareedvama aavyo hato, aneey tene trana divas pachhi, 18 menaa roj tenee mukhya leegnee sharuaat curry hatee. 29 junanaa roj, 10 ramatomaa dekhaaya pachhi, defelisne nashville parat mokalvaamaa aavee hatee. 1 september, 2008naa roj temne phone aavyo aneey teey jaj maheenama temane temnee pratham motee leag jeet melvee. defelise 2009nee aakhee season motee leegma vitaavi hatee. temane 51.2 innings aneey 3.66 yug saathe 4-1 noow vikram banaavyo hato. 2009nee season pachhi, defailise khabhaani surgery karaavi hatee, jene tene samagr 2010nee season maate baaju parr mookie deedho hato. tene 2011 vasant taaleem maatena aamantran saathe naana leag karaar parr hastakshar karyaa hataa jyaare patan suchanaatmak leegma pitching karyoo hatoo. 18 juuna, 2011naa roj, defailise teno karaar sharaab banavnarao dwara khareedhyo hato. tene mukhya leegma paachha faryaa aneey maatra tenaa khabhaane fareethi chhodyo, triji sarjarini jaroor puddy aneey tenee 2011 nee seasonno anta aavyo. 2012 maan, defelise italian team saathe hastakshar karyaa. coaching karkirdi. defelisne washington national organizationma wilmington blue roqsa maate pitching coach tareeke naam aapvama aavyu hatoo. vishva baseball classic. 2009naa vishva baseball klasikma italian raashtriy team maate pitcher tareeke defelisni pasandagi karvaamaa aavee hatee. temane venezuela saameni teamnee praarambhik ramatmaa sharuaat curry, trana heatney manjuri aaptee vakhate chaar shutout innings ramee aneey aek batsmenne out karyo, ramatne sqora vinaanee chhodya pachhi koee nirnay leedha vinaa ramat samaapt curry. vyaktigat. defelise teey jeey teamo maate ramyo chhe tenaa binsattavar vaaland tareeke sevaa aapee chhe. temnee daadi herdressor hatee aneey temnee kaakee pensylvania newtown squarema saloon dharaave chhe. jyaare aaa vaat felai tyaare tenaa saathee khelaadioae clubhousemaa vaad kaapvaa maate mulakat levaanu sharoo karyoo.

alag-alag chihn banaaen maark andru defelis (janm 23 agast, 1976) ack americi poorv peshevar baseball pitcher hain. havertown, pensylvania mein badey hotey hue, maark ney pahaadi baseball key liye khela aur vartamaan mein usa leag (1963 mein sthaapit) seey mlb mein khelane vaale ekmatra khilaadi hain. unhone milwauki bruers key liye mejar leag baseball (mlb) mein khela. vaha vartamaan mein wilmington blue rocks key liye ack pitching coach key roop mein kaam curr rahey hain. laghu leag carrier. defelis ney 1998 mein colorado rockies sangathan key ack hisse key roop mein apane peshevar currier kii shuruat kii. unhone apana pahala season unake varg aeye (chhote season) sambaddh, portland rockies key liye khela. 1999 mein, vibhinn varg aeye-unnat selam himskhalan key liye unnat hue. 2000 mein, unhone double-aeye carolina mudcats key liye khela. defelis ney 2001 key season kaa hissa carolina key liye bhee khela, jabaki triple-aeye calorado springs skye sokes key liye bhee pitch kiya. 2002 mein, unhein ack (chhote season) varg mein vaapas bheja gayaa thaa, joe tri-shahar dhool shaitan aur salem thaa. 2003 mein, unhone rockies key nae double-aeye sambaddh, tulsi drillers key liye khela. 2004 mein, defelis ney baltimore oriental sangathan mein pravesh kiya, joe apane triple-aeye ottawa links key liye khel rhaa thaa. 2005 mein, alag-alag khilaadiyon ney washington key nagrikon key liye apane triple-aeye nyu orleans zefir aur swatantra atlantic leag key somerset deshbhakton key saath maidan mein utarane kaa faisala kiya. vaha 2006 key liye atlantic leag key saath rahey, camden riverhark key liye khel rahey they. defelis 2007 mein sambaddh baseball mein laut aaya, milwauki bruers key double-aeye huntsville sitaaron key liye khel rhaa thaa, aur phir unaki triple-aeye nashville aavaazen. apane pahale duss peshevar satron key baad, defelis key paas 3.53 key yug key saath 77-57 kaa record thaa, aur 951 strikeout darj kiye they. pramukh leag carrier. nashville mein 2008 kaa satra shuru karane key baad, 3.91 yug key saath 3-0 kaa record darj karate hue, defelis kaa anubandh milwauki dwara 15 maee koo kharida gayaa thaa, aur unhone teen dinn baad, 18 maee koo apani pramukh leag kii shuruat kii. 29 juuna koo, 10 khelon mein dikhaai dene key baad, defelis koo nashville koo vaapas bhej diyaa gayaa thaa. unhein 1 sitambar, 2008 koo ack coll aaya, aur unhone usee maheene apani pahali pramukh leag jeet hassil kii. defelis ney poore 2009 key satra koo badee leegon mein bitaaya. unhone 51.2 paariyon mein pitch aur 3.66 yug key saath 4-1 key record key saath samaapt kiya. 2009 key satra key baad, defelis key kandhe kii sergery hui, jisane unhein poore 2010 key satra key liye darkinar curr diyaa. unhone 2011 key vasant prashikshan key nimantran key saath ack laghu leag anubandh parr hastakshar kiye, jabaki girawat anudeshaatmak leag mein pitch kiya. 18 juuna, 2011 koo, defelis ney sharaab banaane vaalon dwara apana anubandh kharida thaa. unhone pramukh leegon mein vaapsee kii aur phir seey apane kandhe koo baahar curr diyaa, jisake liye unhein teesari sergery kii aavashyakta padee aur 2011 key satra koo samaapt karna padaa. 2012 mein, ack italvi team key saath defelis ney hastakshar kiye. coaching currier. defelis koo washington national sangathan mein wilmington blue rocks key liye pitching coach key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa. vishva baseball classic. defelis koo 2009 key vishva baseball classic mein italvi rashtriya team key liye ack pitcher key roop mein chunaa gayaa thaa. unhone venezuela key khilaf team key shuruati khel mein shuruat kii, teen hitt kii anumati dete hue chaar shutout paariyan khelin aur ack ballebaaj koo out kiya, khel koo binaa kissy nirnay key samaapt kiya. vyaktigat. defelis ney una sabhi teams key anaupchaarik naaee key roop mein kaam kiya haye jinake liye vaha khele hain. unaki daadi ack keshbhushika theen, aur unaki chaachi neutown squire, pensylvania mein ack sailoon kii malik theen. jaba yeh khabar faili kii alag tarah seey baal katey gaye hain, tou unake sathiyon ney clubhouse mein baal katvaane key liye niyuktiyaan karna shuru curr diyaa.

vyatyaasavannu gurutisi maark andrew defelies (janana august 23,1976) americada maaji vruttipara baseball pitcher. pensilveniyaada havertounnalli beleda maark, hill top basebalgagi aadidaru mattu prastuta aaa leagnalli leagnalli sthaapaneyaada) emm. ell. bii. yalli aadida ekaika atagararagiddare. avaru milwaukey brewersgaagi majer leigh baseball (emm. ell. bii) nalli aadidaru. avaru prastuta wilmington blue raxgagi pitching tarabetudaararaagi kelasa maduttiddare. sanna leigh vrattijeevana. defelies defelies colorado rockies samstheya bhagavagi tamma vruttipara vrattijeevanavannu praarambhisidaru. avaru tamma modala rtuvannu avara classes aa (alpavadhiya) angasamstheyaada portland rakisgagi aadidaru. aadidaru, defelies aa-advanced selam himakusitada vargakke munnadedaru. munnadedaru, avaru double-aa carolina mudcats para aadidaru. defelies 2001rahra rtuvinalli carolina paravoo saha aadidaru, jotege triple-aa colorado springs skye soksgagi pitch maadidaru. maadidaru, avarannu matte aa (alpavadhiya) vargada tri-nagara dhulu devvagalu mattu selange kaluhisalaayitu. kaluhisalaayitu, avaru rakisna hosa double-aa angasamstheyaada tulsa drillersgaagi aadidaru. aadidaru, defelies baltimore oreols samsthege badalaagi, tamma triple-aa ottawa linksgagi aadidaru. aadidaru, defelies tamma triple-aa nyoo arleans jhefairs mattu swatantra atlantic leagna somerset deshabhaktarondige washington raashtriyarige pitch maadidaru. avaru avaru atlantic leegnondige ulidukondu camden rivarshaarksgaagi aadidaru. defelies defelies angeekruta basebalge maralidaru, milwaukey brewersn double-aa huntsville stargaligagi aadidaru, mattu nantara avara triple-aa nashville sounds. tanna modala hattu vruttipara rtugala nantara, defelies 3.53 rahra yugadondige 77-57 daakhaleyannu hondiddanu mattu 951 strikeutgalannu daakhalisiddanu. majer leigh vrattijeevana. 2008rahra kridaartuvannu nashvilleyalli praarambhisida nantara, 3-0 daakhaleyannu 3-91rahra yugadondige post maadida nantara, defeliesna oppandavannu milwaukey mayee mayee khareedisitu, mattu mooru dinagala nantara, mayee mayee avaru tamma pramukha leagge paadaarpane maadidaru. zoon zoon, 10 pandyagalalli kanisikonda nantara, defelisnannu nyaashvillege kaluhisalaayitu. september 1,2008 randu avarige karey banditu mattu adhe tingalalli avaru tamma modala pramukha leigh geluvu padedaru. defelies 2009rahra idee rtuvannu dodda leeggalalli kaledaru. avaru 51.2 innings pitch mattu 3.66 yugadondige 4-1 daakhaleyondige mugisidaru. 2009rahra kridaartuvina nantara, defelies bhujada shastrachikitsege olagaadaru, idu avarannu 2010rahra sampoorna kridaartuvinalli badigirisitu. avaru 2011 rahra vasanta tarabetiya aahvaanadondige sanna leigh oppandakke sahi haakidaru, sharatkaalada suchana leagnalli pitch maduvaga. zoon 18,2011 randu, defelies tanna oppandavannu madya tayaarakaru khareedisidaru. avaru pramukha leeggalige maralidaru, matte tamma bhujavannu bittukodalu, 3 neey shastrachikitseya agatyavittu mattu avara 2011 rahra rtuvannu konegolisidaru. konegolisidaru defelies italian tandadondige sahi haakidaru. tarabeti vrutti. washington nationales samstheyalli wilmington blue roxna pitching tarabetudaararaagi defelies avarannu hesarisalaayitu. vishwa baseball classic. 2009rahra vishwa baseball classicnalli defelies avarannu italian rashtriya tandakke pitcher aagi ayke maadalaayitu. avaru venezuvela viruddhada tandada arambhika pandyadalli praarambhisidaru, mooru hitgalannu anumatisuva moolaka naalku shutout inningsgalannu aadidaru mattu obba batter annu hodedaru, aatavannu score rahitavagi bitta nantara yaavude nirdhaaravillade aatavannu mugisidaru. vaiyaktika. defelies avaru aadida ellah tandagala anadhikruta kshourikaraagi seve sallisiddaare. avara ajji kshourikeyaagiddaru mattu avara chikkamma pensilveniyaada neutown chaukadalli saloon hondiddaare. aaa vibhinnavaada kattarisida koodalu suddi haradidaaga, avana tandada sadasyaru club housenalli kshourakkagi appointmentgalannu maadalu praarambhisidaru.

vyathyasam adayaalappeduthuka maarkk andrew defilis (jananam august 23,1976) oru american muun professional baseball picharaanu. pensylvaniayile haavartaunil valarnna maarkk hiltop baseballinu vendi kalichu, nilavil aaa leagil ninnu (1963 ll sthaapithamaayathu) emm. ell. biyilaanu kalikkunnathu. milwaki brewersinu vendi mejar leag baseball (emm. ell. bii) addeham kalichu. addeham nilavil wilmington blue roxinte pitching parisheelakanaayi pravartthikkunnu. cheria leag currier. 1998ll colarado rockies oorganaiseshante bhaagamaayi defelies thante professional currier aarambhichu. avarude klaas eiii (short season) affiliate aaya portland rokkeesinaayi addeham thante aadya season kalichu. 1999-ll defilis eiii-advanced salem himapatathilekku munneri. 2000-ll addeham double-eiii carolina mudd kaatsinu vendi kalichu. 2001 seasonil karolinaykku vendi defelies kalichu, athesamayam triple-eiii colarado springs skye soxinaayi pitch cheythu. 2002ll addehathe eiii (hraswa season) classil trai-sitti dust devils aandu salemilekku thirichayachu. 2003ll rokkikalude puthiya double-eiii affiliate aaya tulsa drillarukalkkaayi addeham kalichu. 2004-ll defelies baltimore oriyols oorganaiseshanilekku maari, avarude triple-eiii ottaava linksinaayi kalichu. 2005ll, washington pouranmaarkkaayi avarude triple-eiii nyoo oorliyans sephiresinum swatantra atlaantik leaginte somerset deshasnehikalumothu defelies pitch cheythu. 2006 ll addeham atlaantik leagil thudarnnu, camden rivarhaarkkukalkk vendi kalichu. 2007ll defelies affiliate cheytha basebolilekku madangi, milwaki broovezhsinte double-eiii hundsville staarukalkk vendi kalichu, thudarnnu avarude triple-eiii naashville shabdangal. thante aadya patthu professional seasonukalkku sesham, defelicinu 3.53 kaalaghattatthil 77-57 enna record undaayirunnu, koodaathe 951 autraikktukal record cheythu. mejar leag currier. 2008 season naashvilleyil aarambhichathinusesham, 3.91 kaalaghattatthil 3-0 record srishticha defilisinte karar meyy 15 nuu milwaki vaangi, moonnu divasathinu sesham, meyy 18 nuu addeham thante pradhana leagil arangettam kurichu. juun 29 nuu, 10 kalikalil prathyakshappetta sesham, defilisine naashvilleyilekku thirichayachu. 2008 septambar 1 nuu addehathinu oru kooll labhichu, athe maasathil thanne addeham thante aadya pradhana leag vijayam nedi. defelies 2009 season muzhuvan valia leagukalil chelavazhichu. 51. 2 inningsukal pitch cheythum 3.66 yugam kalichum addeham 4-1 enna recordumaayi finish cheythu. 2009 seasoninushesham, defelies tholil shasthrakriyaykk vidheyanaayi, athu 2010 season muzhuvan addehathe ozhivaakki. 2011 leeii spring parisheelanathinulla kshanathode addeham oru minor leag karaaril oppuvachu. 2011 juun 18nuu defelies thante karar madyanirmaathaakkal vaangi. moonnaam sasthrakriya aavashyamaayi varikayum 2011 season avasaanikkukayum cheytha addeham pradhana leegukalilekku thirichetthi, tholil ninnu veendum vittukodukkaan maathram. 2012ll defelies oru itaaliyan teamumayi karar oppittu. coaching currier. washington naashanals oorganaiseshanile wilmington blue roxinte pitching kochaayi defelisine thiranjedutthu. loka baseball classic. 2009 leeii loka baseball klaasikkil itaaliyan deseeya teaminte picharaayi defelies thiranjedukkappettu. veniswelaykkethiraaya teaminte aadya malsarathil addeham moonnu hittukal anuvadikkukayum oru battsmaane adichu naalu shattoutt inningsukal nadathukayum kalii skorillaathe vittathinu sesham oru theerumaanavumillaathe kalii avasanippikkukayum cheythu. vyakthiparamayi. thaan kalicha ellah teamukaludeyum anaudyogika barberaayi defalies pravarthichittundu. addehathinte muthasshi oru hairdressoraayirunnu, addehathinte ammaayiyude udamasthathayilulla pensylvaniayile nyoodaun squareil oru saloon undu. aaa vyathyasthamaaya mudi murikkunna vaartha parannappol, addehathinte teamangangal club hausil mudi murikkunnathinulla appoyintmentukal nadatthaan thudangi.

vegale chinhankit qaraa marqa andreau defailis (janm 23 august 1976) haah eka american majee vyavsayik baseball khelanara kheladu aahe. pensylvania havertownmadhye vadhalela marqa hilltop baseballsathi khelala aanee sadhya tyaa leegmadhil (1963 madhye sthapan jhalela) emm. ell. bii. madhye khelanara ekmev kheladu aahe. too milwauki bruarsasathi mejar leag baseballmadhe (emm. ell. bii.) khelala. too sadhya wilmington blue roxsathi pitching prashikshak mhanoon kaam karat aahe. kirkol leag karkird. defelisne 1998 madhye colorado rockies sanghatanecha eka bhag mhanoon tyachya vyavsayik karkirdichi suruvat kelee. too portland rockies yaa tyanchya varg aaa (alp hangam) sanlagn sanghasathi tyacha pahila hangam khelala. 1999 madhye, defelisne aii-pragat salem himskhalan shreneet pragati kelee. 2000 saalee too double-aii carolina madketsasathi khelala. defelisne 2001chya hangamat carolinasathi dekhil bhag ghetala, tarr tripple-aii colorado springs skye soxsathi dekhil khelale. 2002 madhye tyala 'aaa' (alpakalin) shrenitil tri-shahar dhool rakshas aanee salemmadhye parat pathvanyat aale. 2003 madhye too rockieschya naveen double-aii sanlagn, tulsa drillersathi khelala. 2004 madhye, defelisne baltimore oriols sansthekade valoon tyanchya tripple-aii ottawa linksasathi khelale. 2005 madhye, defelisne tyanchya tripple-aii nyu orleans zephire aanee swatantra atlantic leegchya somerset deshbhaktansah washingtonchya nagarikansathi khel khelala. too 2006 paryant atlantic leegmadhye rahila aanee camden reversharkskadoon khelala. 2007 madhye defailis sanlagn baseballmadhe paratali, milwauki bruerschya double-aii huntsville starsasathi aanee nantar tyanchya tripple-aii nashville dhvanisathi khelali. tyachya pahilya daha vyavsayik hangamannantar, defelischa 3.53 chya yugasah 77-57 chaa vikram hota aanee tyane 951 strikeout nondavale hote. pramukh leag karkird. nashvillemadhye 2008chaa hangam suru kelyanantar, 3-0 assa vikram nondwat, 3.91 yugacha vikram nondwat, defelischa karar milwalkine 15 meey roji vikat ghetala aanee teen divasannantar, 18 meey roji tyane pramukh leegmadhye padarpan kele. 29 juuna roji, 10 samnyanmadhye khelalyanantar, defelisla nashvilla parat pathvanyat aale. 1 september 2008 roji tyala phone aala aanee tyach mahinyat tyane tyacha pahila pramukh leag vijay midavala. defelisne 2009chaa sampoorn hangam mothya leegmadhye ghalavala. tyane 51.2 daav kheloon aanee 3.66 shatkansah 4-1 assa vikram keela. 2009chya hangamanantar, defelischya khandyavar shastrakriya jhaali, jyamule tyala sampoorn 2010chya hangamasathi bajula kele gele. tyane 2011 chya vasant rutuchya prashikshanasathichya nimantranasah, sharad rututil nirdeshatmak leegmadhye khelatana, eka kirkol leag karar keela. 18 juuna 2011 roji defelisne tyacha karar madya utpadkankadun vikat ghetala. tyane pramukh leegmadhye punragman kele, keval tyachya khandyala punha haar patkaravi lagali, tisya shastrakriyechi aavashyakta hotee aanee tyacha 2011 chaa hangam sampala. 2012 madhye, defelisne eka italian sanghasobat karar keela. prashikshan karkird. washington national organizationmadhye wilmington blue roxsathi pitching prashikshak mhanoon defelische naav denyat aale. jaagtik baseball classic. 2009 chya jaagtik baseball klasikmadhye italian rashtriy sanghasathi khelpatti mhanoon defelischi nivad karnyat aalee. tyane venezuelaviruddha sanghachya suruvatichya samnyat suruvat kelee, teen fatake marat aanee eka falandaj baad karat chaar shotout daav khelale, khel gunarahit sodalyanantar konatahi nirnay naan gheta khel sampavala. vaiyaktik. defelisne too jyaa sanghansathi khelala aahe tyaa serve sanghancha anadhikrut naee mhanoon kaam kele aahe. tyachi aajee keshbhushakar hotee aanee tyachya mavshikade newtown square, pensylvania yethe eka saloon aahe. jevha hii vegali kesanchi batami pasarali, tevha tyachya sahakanyanni klabahausmadhye cases kapanyasathi bhetee dyayala suruvat kelee.

farak chinha lagaunuhos mark endru defelis (janma august 23,1976) ek americi purva peshewar baseball pitcher hun. pensylvaniako hevertaunama hurkeka mark hiltop besbalka lagi kheleka thie rar hall tyo ligg (1963 maa sthapit) batt mlbma khelne ek matra kheladi hun. unle milwalky bruarska lagi mazer ligg baseball (mlb) maa khele. uni hall wilmington blue rakaka lagi pitching prashikshakko rupma kaam gariraheka chhan. minor ligg currier. defelisle sann 1998 maa kolorado rakij sangathanko ek bhagko rupma afno wyawasayik currier suru gare. unle afno pahilo sijan uniharuko class ae (chhoto sijan) sambadha, portland rakijka lagi khele. sann 1999 maa, defelis ae-unnat selam himaskhalan wargama aghi badhyo. sann 2000 maa unle double-ae carolina madakyatska lagi khele. defelisle carolinaca lagi 2001 sijanko pani bhag kheleki thiin, jabki triple-ae kolorado springs skye soksaka lagi pani pitching gareki thiin. sann 2002 maa, unlai kaksha ae (chhoto sijan) tri-shahar dhulo deville rar salemma firta pathaieko thiyo. sann 2003 maa, unle rakijko nayan double-ae sambadha, da tulsa drillerska lagi khele. sann 2004 maa, defelis baltimore oriols sangathanma gae, uniharuko triple-ae ottawa linkska lagi khelthe. sann 2005 maa, defelisle wassingtonka nagarikharuka lagi uniharuko triple-ae nyu earleans jefire rar swatantra atlantic ligka somerset deshbhaktaharuka sath pitch gare. uni camden riversharkska lagi kheldai sann 2006 kaa lagi atlantic ligma base. defelis sann 2007 maa milwalky bruarsko double-ae huntsabhil starharuka lagi kheldai sambadha besbalma farkie, rar tyasapachhi tiniharuko triple-ae nasabhil awazharu. afno pahilo das wyawasayik sijanpachhi, defelicesanga 3.53 ko yugko sath 77-57 ko record thiyo, rar 951 strikeautharu record gareko thiyo. pramukh ligg carrier. nasabhilma 2008 sijan suru garepachhi, 3-91 yugko sath 3-0 record post gardai, defelisko samjhauta milwakile mey 15 maa kineko thiyo, rar tinn dina pachhi, mey 18 maa unle afno pramukh ligg debue gare. june 29 maa, 10 khelharuma dekha pare pachhi, defelicelai nasabhilma firta pathaieko thiyo. unle september 1,2008 maa cull prapta gare, rar unle sohi mahinama afno pahilo pramukh ligg jit lie. defelisle sann 2009 ko sampurna sijan thula ligharuma bitae. unle 51.2 innings pitch rar 3.66 yugko sath 4-1 ko record banae. sann 2009 ko sijanpachhi, defelisko kaandhako shalyakriya bhayo, jasle unlai sann 2010 ko sampurna sijanka lagi bahira rakhyo. unle patan nirdeshatmak ligma pitching garda 2011 wasanta prashikshanko nimantrana sahit sano ligg samjhautama hastakshar gare. june 18,2011 maa, defelisle afno samjhauta bruarsdwara kineko thiyo. unle pramukh ligharuma firta ae rar afno kaandhalai feri dina thale, tesro shalyakriya awashyak bhayo rar afno 2011 sijan samapta bhayo. sann 2012 maa, defelisle italian tolisanga hastakshar gare. coaching currier. defelicelai wassington national arganaijeshanma wilmington blue rakaka lagi pitching prashikshakko rupma naam diieko thiyo. vishwa baseball classic. defelicelai 2009 ko vishwa baseball classicma italian rashtriya tolika lagi picharko rupma chayan garieko thiyo. unle bhenejuelawiruddha toliko udghatan khelma suru gare, tinn hitharu anumati dindai chaar sutout inningsharu pitch gare rar ek batterlai prahar gare, khellai score rahit chhodepachhi kunai nirnaya nagari khel samapta gare. wyaktigat. defelisle afule kheleka sabai toliharuko anaupacharik naiko rupma kaam gareko chha. unaki hajurama keshbhushika thiin, rar unaki kakiko nyutauna squire, pensylvaniama euta saluna chha. jab tyo bhinna kapal katne khabar failiyo, unka sathiharule clubhousema kapal katnaka lagi appointment garna thale.

bhinnataku chinhita karantu marck andru defelis (janma august 23,1976) jane americae purbatana peshadara baseball pitcher . pensilbhaniaara habhartaunre badhithiba marck hilltop baseball paain khelithile ebong bartamana sehi ligra ekamatra khelali (1963 ray sthapita) emm. ell. bii. ray khelichanti. shay milawawaki bruers paain mejara ligg baseball (emm. ell. bii.) ray khelithile. shay bartamana wilmington blue rocks paain piching coach bhabare karjya karuchanti. minor ligg kyariyara. defelis 1998 ray colorado rakij sangathanara eka ansha bhabare taanka bruttigata kyariyara arambha karithile. shay semanankara class aii (swalpa sijan) anubandhita, portland rakij paain tankara pratham sijan khelithile . 1999 masihare, defelis aii-unnat salem tusharpat shreniku agrasara hoithila. 2000 masihare shay double-aii carolina modcats paain khelithile. defelis madhya 2001 sijinare carolina paain eka ansha khelithile, ebong triple-aii colorado springs skye sokes paain madhya pitch karithile. 2002 masihare tanku 'aii' (swalpa rutu) shreneere, tri-sahara dhuli shaitan ebong salemaku pathajaithila. 2003 ray, shay rakij rahr nutan double-aii anubandhita, tulsa driller paain khelithile . 2004 ray, defelis baltimore oriols sangathanaku badalile, semanankara triple-aii otawa linksa paain khelithile . 2005 ray, defelis washington nagarikamananka paain semanankara triple-aii nyu orleans jefires ebong swadheena atlantic ligra somerst deshapremeenka sahita pitch karithile . shay 2006 masiha paain atlantic ligg sahita rahithile, camden rivar harks paain khelithile. defelis 2007 ray anubandhita baseball ku pherithile, milawawaki bruarsanka double-aii huntsville staranka paain khelithile, ebong taa 'parey semanankara triple-aii nasabhil dhwani. tankara pratham dashati pesadara rutu parey, defelisnkara 3.53 juga sahita 77-57 rahr record thila, ebong 951 strikeout record karithila . mejara ligg kyariyara. 2008 masihar sijin nasabhilere arambha kariba parey, 3-91 juga sahita 3-0 record post curry, defelisnka chuktinama milawawaki dwara meey 15ray kinajaithila, ebong tini deane parey, meey 18ray shay tankara pramukh ligg debyu karithile. june 29ray, 10tii myachare kheliba parey, defelisnku nasabhileku pathajaithila. september 1,2008 ray tanku eka cull asithila, ebong shay sehi maasare tankara pratham pramukh ligg bijai hassel karithile. defelis 2009rahr samagra rututi budd liggudikare bitaithile. shay 51.2 innings pitch ebong 3.66 juga sahita 4-1 record sahita samapta karithile. 2009 sijin parey, defelis kandh astropachara karithile, jaahaa tanku samagra 2010 sijan paain parsware rakhithila . shay patner nirdeshatmaka ligre pitch kariba samajare 2011 basanta prasikhyana paain nimantran sahita eka minor ligg chuktinama swakhyara karithile. june 18,2011 ray, defelis taanka chuktinama bruarsanka dwara kinajaithila . shay pramukh liggudiku pherithile, kebala taanka kandhaku puni thare deba paain, truteeja astropacharara abashyakata thila ebong tankara 2011 sijin shesh hoithila . 2012 ray, defelis eka italiah dala sahita swakhyara karithile. koching kyariyara. washington nationals organization ray wilmington blue roaks paain piching coach bhabare defelis namit hoithile . biswa baseball classic. 2009 biswa baseball classic ray italy jatiah dala paain eka pitcher bhabare defelis chayan karajaithila . shay venejuela bipakhyare dalara udaghatani myachare arambha karithile, tinoti heat anumathi dei chariti sutout innings khelithile ebong jane byataranku strike karithile, khelaku scoreheen chhadiba parey kaunasi nishpatti nanei khela samapta karithile. byaktigata. defelis shay khelithiba samasta dalara anaanusthanika napit bhabare karjya karichanti . taanka jejema jane kesharakhi thile, ebong taanka mausi penasilabhaniasthita nyutaun skwarare eka selun malika. jetebele ehi bhinna dharanara katithiba kesh bishajare khabara byapigala, taanka sathimane klabahausare kesh katiba paain samai nirdharana kariba arambha kale.

farak noon nishanbadh crow maarak aindrioo defelis (janam 23 agast, 1976) ikk amriki sabka peshevar baseball pitcher haii. havertown, pensylvania witch vadda hoiaa, maarak hiltop baseball laee khediaa atey varatman witch uss leeg (1963 witch sathapit) daa iklauta khidari haii joe aimm. aill. bee. witch khedada haii. uh milvauki bruers laee mejar leeg baseball (aimm. aill. bee.) witch khediaa. uh iss vele wilmington blue rocks laee pitching coach vajon kamm qarr riha haii. minor leeg carrier. defelis neey aapne peshevar carrier dee shuruat 1998 witch colorado rockies sangathan dey ikk hisse vajon keeti see. usne aapna pahila season uhanan dee class aii (chhote season) affiliate, portland rockies laee khediaa. 1999 witch, deflis neey class aii-advanced salem barfile toofan witch tarakki keeti. sann 2000 witch, uh double-aii carolina mudcats laee khediaa. defelis neey 2001 dey season daa hissa carolina laee vee khediaa, jadon kii triple-aii colorado springs sakai socks laee vee pitch keeta. sann 2002 witch, uss noon aii (chhote season) shreni witch tinn shahiran dey dhood vaale shaitan atey salem witch waps bhej ditta giaa see. sann 2003 witch, uh rockies dey navein double-aii affiliate, tulsa drillers laee khediaa. 2004 witch, defelis neey baltimore oreols sangathan witch badal keey aapne triple-aii otawa links laee khediaa. 2005 witch, defelis neey aapne triple-aii nioo orleans zephirus atey sutantar atlantic leeg dey somerset desh bhagtan naal washington dey nagrikan laee pitch keeti. uh 2006 laee atlantic leeg naal riha, camden rivarsharak laee khedada see. defelis neey 2007 witch maanta prapat baseball witch vaapsee keeti, milwaki bruers dey double-aii huntsville sitariaan laee khedadi haii, atey firr uhanan dee triple-aii nashville aavazan. aapne pahile dass peshevar seezanan toon baad, defelis daa 3.53 dey yugg dey naal 77-57 daa ricard see, atey usne 951 strikeout daraj keete sunn. pramukh leeg carrier. nashville witch 2008 season dee shuruat curran toon baad, 3-91 yugg dey naal 3-0 daa ricard post karde hoye, defelis daa ikrarnama milvauki duaara 15 maee noon kharidiaa giaa see, atey usne tinn dinan baad, 18 maee noon aapni pramukh leeg dee shuruat keeti see. uss noon 1 satambar, 2008 noon ikk qaal millie atey uss neey use maheene aapni pahili vaddi leeg jitt haasal keeti. defelis neey 2009 daa poora season vaddiaan leegan witch bitaiaa. unhan neey 51.2 pariaan dee pitch atey 3.66 yugg dey naal 4-1 naal ricard banaiaa. 2009 dey season toon baad, defelis neey mooersyeey dee sarjari karvai, jiss neey uss noon poore 2010 dey season laee bahr qarr ditta. usne patjhad anushasani leeg witch pitch karde hoye 2011 basant sikhlai dey sadde naal ikk mamuli leeg dey ikrarname utte dastkhat keete. 18 juun, 2011 noon, defelis neey aapna ikrarnama sharab banaun valiaan duaara kharidiaa see. uss neey pramukh leegan witch vaapsee keeti atey aapne modhe noon dubara chhadd ditta, jiss laee uss noon tiji sarjari dee zaroorat paee atey uss daa 2011 daa season khatam hoiaa. 2012 witch, defelis neey ikk italvi team naal dastkhat keete. coaching carrier. defelis noon washington nationals sangathan witch wilmington blue rocks laee pitching coach vajon namzad keeta giaa see. vishav baseball classic. defelis noon 2009 dey vishav baseball classic witch italian rashtari team laee ikk pitcher vajon chunhiaa giaa see. unhan neey venezuela dey khilaf team dey shuruati match witch shuruat keeti, chaar shutout pariaan khediaan atey tinn hittan dee aagiaa ditti atey ikk ballebaaz noon aaoot keeta, khed noon binan kise faisle dey khatam keeta. nijji. defelis neey unhan saariaan teaman dey anadhikarat naaee vajon kamm keeta haii jinhan laee uh khediaa haii. uss dee daadi ikk vaal kattan vaali see, atey uss dee maasi newtaoon squair, pensylvania witch ikk sailoon dee maalak see. jadon ih khabar fail gaee kii vakkhre vaal katte gaye hunn, taan uss dey saathi club haaoos witch vaal kattan laee mulakat curran lagge.

bhinnam chihnam. maark endroo defelis (janma august 23,1976) ekaha amerikaadeshasy poorva-vyaavasaayikah besball-pitcher asti. pensylvania-nagarasya havertown-nagare vardhamaanah maark ityeshah hill-top-besball-kreedaayaah krute kreeditavaan, samprati emm. ell. bii. kridaayaam kreeditah tasya leag-kreedaayaah ekamaatrah kreedakah asti (1963 tame varshe sthaapitah). saha milwaki-brewers-pakshaat measure-leag-besball (emm. ell. bii.) madhye kreeditavaan. saha samprati wilmington bloo rocks ityasya pitching-prashikshakatvena karyam karoti. laghu-leag-vruttihi. defelis ityayam 1998 tame varshe colorado-raakees-samsthaayaah bhagarupena swasya vyaavasaayikajeevanasy arambham krutavaan. saha teshaam e-vargasya (alpakaalasy) sambaddhasy portland-raakees-samsthaayaah krute swasya prathamam satram kreeditavaan. 1999 tame varshe defelis-samsthaa e-unnata-selam-himaskhalan-vargaay agre gataa. 2000 tame varshe saha double-e-carolina-mudd cats-krute kreeditavaan. defelis ityeshaa 2001 tame varshe kerolina-pakshasya krute api creedaa krutaa, api cha triple-e colorado springs skai sokes ityasya krute api pitch akarot. 2002 tame varshe saha punah e-vargasya (alpakaalikam) tri-nagar-dhooli-raakshasah, salem-ityetebhyah preshitah. 2003 tame varshe saha raakees-ityasya nutanasya double-e-sambaddhasy, da tulsaa drillers-krute kreeditavaan. 2004 tame varshe defelis ityeshaa baltimore-oreols-samsthaam prati parivartitaa, teshaam triple-e oottaavaa links-krute kreeditavatee. 2005 tame varshe, defelis ityayam washington-deshasya nagarikanam krute teshaam triple-e nyoo orleans zephairs ityanena, swatantra-atlaantik-leag ityasya somerset-deshabhaktaih cha saha pitch krutavaan. saha 2006 tame varshe atlaantik-leag-madhye, camden-river-harks-pakshaat kreeditavaan. defelis 2007 tame varshe sambaddh-besball-kridaayaam punaraagacchat, milwaki-brewers ityasya double-e huntsville stars krute kreeditavaan, tatah teshaam triple-e naashville sounds krute cha kreeditavaan. tasya prathamadashanam vyaavasaayik-rutubhyah anantaram, defelis ityasya 3.53 yugasya 77-57 iti abhilekhah aasit, tathaa cha 951 strack-aut iti abhilekhah aasit. pramukha-leag-vruttihi. 2008 tame varshe naashville-nagare, 3.91 yugasya 3-0 abhilekhasya aarambhasy anantaram, defelis-ityasya anubandhah milwaki ityanena mey 15 dinaanke kreeditah, tathaa cha saha dinatrayanantaram, mey 18 dinaanke, pramukha-leag-madhye padaarpanam krutavaan. joon 29 dinaanke, 10 kreedaasu pradarshananantaram, defelis-nagaram naashville-nagaram prati punah preshitam. 2008 september 1 dinaanke saha doorabhaasham avaapnot, tasmin maase eva saha swasya prathamam pramukha-leag-vijayam praapnot. defelis ityayam 2009 tamavarshasya sampoornam kreedaarutuh bruhad-leag-madhye vyateetavaan. saha 51.2 innings pitch, 3.66 yugam cha saha 4-1 ityanena abhilekhena samapitavan. 2009 tamavarshasya kreedarutyaha anantaram defelis ityasya bhujasya shalyakriya abhavat, yena saha 2010 tamavarshasya sampoorn-kreedaarutuvebhyah apasaaritah abhavat. saha 2011 tamavarshasya vasanta-prashikshanasy aahvaanen laghu-leag-anubandhe hastaaksharam krutavaan, yadaa saha patana-nirdeshaatmak-leag-madhye pitch-krutavaan. 2011 joon 18 dinaanke defelis ityasya anubandhah madyakaaraih kreenitam. saha punah pramukha-leag-madhye pravishtah, kevalam swasya bhujasya tyagartham, truteeya-shalyakriyayaha aavashyakataa aasit, 2011 tame varshe tasya creedaa-kaalasy samaaptih cha abhavat. 2012 tame varshe defelis-varyaha italian-dalena saha hastaaksharam krutavaan. prashikshan vruttihi. washington-neshanels-samsthaayaam wilmington-bloo-rocks ityasya pitching-prashikshakatvena defelis ityasya namakaranam krutam. vishva-besball-classic. 2009 tame varshe vishva-besball-classic ityasmin italian-rashtriya-dalasya pitcher-rupena defelis iti chitah. saha venezuela-deshasya viruddham dalasya udghaatanee-kridaayaam aarabhat, treeni hits anumanya ekam batter-aut krutvaa cha chatwaarah shutt-aut innings pitch krutvaa, kreedaam score-rahitam krutvaa nirnaya-vinaa kreedaam samaptavan. vyaktigatam. defelis ityayam, yah sarwaih dalanam krute kreeditavaan, teshaam anadhikrutah kshaurikah aasit. tasya maatuh keshabhushika aasit, tasya maatuh cha pensylvania-nagarasya newtown square-nagare ekam saloon-gruham dhaarayati sma. yadaa bhinnarupena kshiptanam keshanam vishaye vaartaam prasrutaa tadaa tasya sahakarminah club-house-madhye keshacchedanaartham niyuktim kartum aarabhant.

vaerupaadugalaik kurikkavum maark andrew defelis (prappu august 23,1976) oru america munnaal thozhilmurai baseball pitcher aavaar. benzylvaniavin haver downill valarntha maark, hiill topp baseball anikkaaga vilaiyaadinaar, tharpoothu antha leakil (1963 ill niruvappattathu) emm. ell. pii. yill vilaiyaadiya oray veerar aavaar. avar milwaki madhubaana thayaarippaalarkalukkaaka mejar leak baseball (emm. ell. pii) ill vilaiyaadinaar. avar tharpoothu wilmington blue rocks aniyin pitch payirchiyaalaraaka paniyaattri varukiraar. siriya leak vaazhkkai. 1998 aam aandil colorado rockies amaippin oru paguthiyaaga duffelis thanathu thozhil vaazhkkaiyaith thodangkinaar. avar thanathu muthal seesanai avarkalin vaguppu aee (kurugiya season) thunai niruvanamaana portland rockies anikkaaga vilaiyaadinaar. 1999 aam aandil, defelis aee-maempatta saalam panicharivu vaguppirku munnaeriyathu. 2000 aam aandil, avar irattai-carolina mutt cates anikkaaga vilaiyaadinaar. defelis 2001 seasonil karoalinaavukkaagavum vilaiyaadinaar, athae neraththil moontru-oru colorado springs skai soksukkaagavum pitch seithaar. 2002 aam aandil, avar meendum aee (kurugiya paruvam) muttharappu nagara thoosi pisaasugal mattrum saalam vaguppirku anuppapattaar. 2003 aam aandil, avar raakkigalin puthiya irattai-oru thunai niruvanamaana tulsa trillergalukkaaga vilaiyaadinaar. 2004 aam aandil, defelis baltimore oreols amaippukku maari, avarkalin trible-oru ottawa links anikkaaga vilaiyaadinaar. 2005 aam aandil, washington thaesiyarkalukkaaga defelis avarkalin moontru-oru neu arleans jefires mattrum suyaatheena adlandic leakin somerset dhesapaktharkaludan poattiyittaar. avar 2006 aam aandu adlandic leakil thangki, comton revershorks anikkaaga vilaiyaadinaar. defelis 2007 aam aandil inaikappatta paespaalukkuth thirumbinaar, milwaki madhubaana urpaththiyaalargalin irattai-oru hundsville natchaththiranggalukkaaka vilaiyaadinaar, pinnar avarkalin moontru-oru nashville oligal. avarathu muthal paththu thozhilmurai paruvangkalukkup piragu, defelis 3.53 sagaapthaththudan 77-57 endra saathanaiyaip pathivu seithaar, maelum 951 strikeavutkalai pathivu seithaar. mejar leak vaazhkkai. 2008 aam aandin seesanai nashvillil thodangiya piragu, 3-0 endra saathanaiyai 3.91 sagaapthaththudan pathivu seitha pinnar, defelisin oppanthaththai milwaki mae 15 andru vaangkiyathu, maelum avar moontru naatkalukkup piragu, mae 18 andru thanathu mukiya leak arimugamaanaar. juun 29 andru, 10 poattikalil thoantriya piragu, defelis meendum nashvillukku anuppappattathu. septumber 1,2008 andru avarukku oru alaippu vanthathu, athae maathaththil avar thanathu muthal periya leak vetrtriyaip pettraar. 2009 season muzhuvathaiyum periya leekkugalil defelis kaliththaar. avar 51.2 inningsgal pitch mattrum 3.66 sagaapthaththudan 4-1 saathanaiyudan muditthaar. 2009 seesanaith thodarnthu, defelis thoalpattai aruvai sikitchaikku utpaduththappattaar, idhu 2010 season muzhuvathum avarai oorangattiyathu. avar 2011 vasantha payirchikku azhaippithazhudan oru siriya leak oppanthaththil kaiyeluththittaar, athae neraththil veelchchi arivuruththal leakil pitch seithaar. juun 18,2011 andru, defelis thanathu oppanthaththai madhubaanam thayaarippaalargalaal vaankinaar. avar meendum periya leekkugalukkuch sentraar, meendum thanathu thoalpattai vittuk kodukka mattumae, 3 vadhu aruvai sigichchai thevaippattu avarathu 2011 seesanai muditthaar. 2012 aam aandil, defelis oru itaaliya aniyudan kaiyeluththittaar. payirchi vaazhkkai. washington nationals amaippil wilmington blue rocks pitch payirchiyaalaraaka defelis peyaridappattaar. ulaga baseball classic. 2009 ulaga baseball claasikkil itaaliya thaesiya anikku oru pitcharaaka defelis thernthedukkappattaar. avar venisuvaelaavukku ethiraana aniyin thodakka aattaththil thodangkinaar, moontru vetrtrikalai anumathiththu oru batsmanai adiththu, naanku shutawood inningsgalai veechi, vilayaattai cole illaamal vitta piragu endha mudivum illaamal vilayaattai muditthaar. thanipatta muraiyil. defelis avar vilaiyaadiya anaitthu anigalukkum athikaarappoorvamattra mudithiruththupavaraaga paniyaattriyullaar. avarathu paatti oru sigaiyalangara nipunar, avarathu aththai benzylvaniavin neu down sathukkaththil oru varavaerparai vaiththirukiraar. antha viththiyasamaana vettu mudi paraviyapoathu, avarathu anii veerargal clubhowsil haircut seivatharkaana santhippukalai seiyath thodangkinar.

vaerugaa gurtinchandi maark andrew defelies (jananam aagashtu 23,1976) oka american maajee professional baseball pitcher. pensylvanialoni havertownlo perigina maark hill top baseball kosam aadadu mariyu prastutam aaa leag nundi (1963loe sthaapinchabadina) emm. ell. bii. loe aadina ekaika aatagadu. athanu milwaukey brewers kosam majer leag baseball (emm. ell. bii) loe aadadu. athanu prastutam wilmington blue rocks kosam pitching kochga panicheestunnaaru. chinna leag kereer. defelies 1998loe kolarado rockies samsthalo bhaagamgaa thana vruttiparamaina vruttini praarambhinchaadu. athanu vaari class eah (short season) anubandha samstha ayina portland rockies kosam thana modati seejannu aadadu. 1999loe, defelies eah-advanced saelam himasampaataaniki cherukundi. 2000loe, athanu double-eah carolina mudcats kosam aadadu. defelies 2001 seasonlo carolina kosam kooda aadadu, adhe samayamlo triple-eah kolarado springs skye sokes kosam kooda aadadu. 2002loe, atanni tirigi eah (chinna season) trai-city dust devils mariyu saelam taragatiki pampaaru. 2003loe, athanu rockies yokka kotta double-eah anubandha samstha ayina tulasa drillers kosam aadadu. 2004loe, defelies baltimore oreols samsthaku maari, vaari triple-eah ottava links kosam aadindi. 2005loe, defelies vaari triple-eah nyuu orleans jephires mariyu swatantra atlantic leag yokka somerset patriots thoo washington jaateeyula kosam pitch chesindi. athanu 2006 varaku atlantic leaglo undi, comden revershorks tarapuna aadadu. defelies 2007loe anubandha bays baall kuu tirigi vacchi, milwaukey brewers yokka double-eah huntsville stars kosam, aapai vaari triple-eah nashville sounds kosam aadindi. thana modati padhi vruttiparamaina seasonla taruvaata, defelies 3.53 yugamtho 77-57 rikaardunu kaligi unnadu mariyu 951 strikeavutlanu namodu chesaadu. majer leag kereer. 2008 season nuu nashvillelo praarambhinchina taruvaata, 3-91 sakamto 3-0 rikaardunu namodu chesina defelies oppandaanni milwaukey mae 15naa konugolu chesindi, mariyu moodu rojula taruvaata, mae 18naa thana pradhana leag arangetram chesindi. juun 29naa, 10 aatalalo kanipinchina taruvaata, defeliesnu nashvilleku tirigi pampaaru. septembaru 1,2008naa ataniki coll vachindi, adhe nelaloo athanu thana modati pradhana leag vijayanni saadhinchaadu. defelies 2009 season mottaanni pedda leaglalo gadipadu. athanu 51.2 inningslu pitch chesi, 3.66 yugamtho 4-1 rikaardutoe muginchaadu. 2009 season taruvaata, defelies bhujam shastrachikitsa cheyinchukunnadu, idhi atanni 2010 season mottam pakkana pettindi. athanu phaal instructional leaglo pitch chestunnappudu 2011 vasanta sikshanaku aahvaanamtho oka chinna leag oppandampai santakam chesaadu. juun 18,2011naa, defelies thana oppandaanni brewerlu konugolu chesaaru. athanu pradhana leaglaku tirigi vacchaadu, thana bhujam tirigi ivvadaaniki matrame, 3 va shastrachikitsa avasaram mariyu athani 2011 seejannu muginchaadu. 2012loe defelies oka italian jattutho oppandam kudurchukundi. coaching kereer. washington nationals organisationlo wilmington blue rocks kosam pitching kochga defelies paeru pettaru. prapancha baseball classic. 2009 prapancha baseball classiclo defelies italian jaateeya jattuku picharga empika cheyabadindi. athanu venijulaaku vyatiraekamgaa jattu prarambha aatalo praarambhinchaadu, moodu hitlanu anumatistuu naalugu shutawoot inningslanu aadadu mariyu oka byaatarnu kottaru, aatanu skoru lekunda vadilesina taruvaata etuvanti nirnayam teesukokunda aatanu muginchaadu. vyaktigatam. defelies taanu aadina anni jatlaku anadhikaarika mangaligaa panicheesaadu. athani ammamma kshourika, mariyu athani attaku pensylvanialoni neutown squarelo oka seloon undhi. aaa bhinnamaina juttu kattirimpu gurinchi samacharam vyaapinchinappudu, athani sahacharulu club houselo juttu kattirimpula kosam appointmentlu cheyadam praarambhinchaaru.

farq nashaan zad karein maark andrev diflees (paidaish 23 agast 1976) eek americi saabiq paishah warr bees baal ghadaa hay. hewar town pensalvania mein plaa badhaa maark hull topp bees baal kay liye kheela aur phee alhaal iss leeg (1963 mein qayem) kaa waahid khilaadi hay juu ayem eel bee mein kheelta hay. wah malwaki brewarz kay liye meejar leeg bees baal (ayem eel bee) mein kheela. wah phee alhaal wilmington blue rocks kay pachang coach kay toor parr kaam kirr rahay haine. mamuli leeg carrier. diffeels nay apnay paishah waranah carrier kaa aaghaz 1998 mein colorado rakeez tanzim kay eek hasay kay toor parr kiyaa. inhon nay apnaa pehla seezan inn kii klaas aey (shaart seezan) say waabista port lend rakeez kay liye kheela. 1999 mein diflees nay klaas aey advanced saleem avalance mein tarqi kii. 2000 mein wah double-aey carolina mudkets kay liye khelay. diffeels nay 2001 kay seezan kaa hasah bhee carolina kay liye khaila jabkah triple-aey colorado springs iskayi soks kay liye bhee pach kiyaa. 2002 mein asay klaas aey (mukhtasir seezan) trayee stee dist devels aur saleem mein waps bhej diyaa gayaa. 2003 mein inhon nay rakeez kay nayey double-aey malhaqah talsa derlers kay liye kheela. 2004 mein diflees nay baltimore auriols tanzim mein tabdili kii aur apnay triple-aey otawa lunks kay liye kheela. 2005 mein diflees nay apnay triple-aey neo orleans zeefarz aur aazaad atlantik leeg kay summerset patriots kay saath washington kay shahriyon kay liye pach kiyaa. wah 2006 takk atlantik leeg kay saath rahay camden rever sharks kay liye kheel rahay thay. diffeels 2007 mein malwaki brewarz kay double-aey hunts weel starz kay liye kheltay huay aur phir inn kii triple-aey neesh weel aawazein kheltay huay mansalk bees baal mein waps aayee. apnay pehley duss paishah waranah seezan kay baad diflees kaa 3.53 kay door kay saath 77-57 kaa record thaa aur iss nay 951 strike aaot record kiye thay. meejar leeg carrier. neshweel mein 2008 kay seezan kaa aaghaz karnay kay baad 3.91 kay door kay saath 3-0 kaa record qayem kartay huay diflees kaa muahidah 15 mayee kuu malwaki nay khareeda aur iss nay teen dunn baad 18 mayee kuu apnee bury leeg kaa aaghaz kiyaa. 29 joone cow 10 kheelon mein nazar aaney kay baad diflees kuu neshweel waps bhej diyaa gayaa. inhein yakam satambar 2008 kuu kaal mosul hoyee aur inhon nay asee mahinay mein apnee pehli bury leeg jeeth haasil kii. diflees nay 2009 kaa poraa seezan bury leegon mein guzara. inhon nay 51.2 anangz kay pach aur 3.66 kay door kay saath 4-1 kay record kay saath ikhtatam kiyaa. 2009 kay seezan kay baad diflees nay kandhay kii sarjari karwayi jiss nay inhein puray 2010 kay seezan kay liye alg kirr diyaa. inhon nay faal instructional leeg mein pach kartay hoay 2011 kii spring training kii daawat kay saath eek mamuli leeg kay muahide parr dastakhat kiye. 18 joone 2011 cow diflees nay apnaa muahidah sharaab bananay waalon kay zariye khareed liyaa thaa. inhon nay bury leegon mein wapsi kii aur sarf apnay kandhay kuu dobarah chhod diyaa jiss kay liye teesri sarjari kii zarurat padee aur 2011 kaa seezan khatam hawaa. 2012 mein diflees nay eek atalvi team kay saath muahidah kiyaa. coaching carrier. diflees kuu washington nationals organization mein wilmington blue rocks kay pachang coach kay toor parr namzad kiyaa gayaa thaa. world bees baal classic. diflees kuu 2009 kay aalimi bees baal classic mein atalvi qomi team kay liye eek ghadaa kay toor parr muntakhib kiyaa gayaa thaa. inhon nay venezvela kay khalaaf team kay iftatahi kheel mein aaghaz kiyaa teen hutt kii ajazat deetay hoay chaar shutt aaot anangz khaili aur eek blay baaz kuu aaot kiyaa kheel kuu baghair kasee score kay chhodnay kay baad baghair kasee faislay kay kheel khatam kiyaa. zaati. diflees nay inn tamaam teamon kay ghair sarkaari hijaam kay toor parr kaam kiyaa hay jinn kay liye wah kheel chakay haine. iss kii daadi hair dresser thein aur iss kii khaalah pensalvania kay neo town squire mein eek seelon kii maalik haine. jabb yaha khabar phail gayee kahh mukhtalif baal katay gayey haine tuu iss kay saathiyon nay kalb house mein baal katwane kay liye mulaqat karnaa sharoo kirr dee.

00017d2ee3109123b63fa198576646316f48ca64caf39b50641d368184be7d1d

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69421305

Dawson Devoy

Dawson Devoy Irish footballer Dawson Devoy (born 20 November 2001) is an Irish professional association football player who plays as a midfielder for EFL League Two club Milton Keynes Dons. He represented the Republic of Ireland U21 national team 7 times between 2021 and 2022. Club career. Bohemians. Devoy played for Home Farm and St Kevin's Boys at youth level. He joined the U17 side of League of Ireland Premier Division club Bohemians in March 2018, before signing professional terms in 2019. Devoy made his first team debut on 27 May 2019 as a 68th-minute substitute in a 2–0 League of Ireland Cup quarter-final win over Cork City. He made his league debut on 15 July 2019 as a 79th-minute substitute in a 3–0 defeat away to UCD. Following limited opportunities the previous season, in 2021 Devoy featured regularly in both the league and UEFA Europa Conference League. He scored his first goal for the club on 21 May 2021 in a 2–1 defeat away to St Patrick's Athletic. After an impressive season which included an international call-up to the Republic of Ireland U21s, Devoy was named the PFAI Young Player of the Year and featured in the PFAI Team of the Year for 2021. After re-signing with Bohemians in December 2021, he continued to perform into the 2022 season, scoring 8 goals and providing 2 assists in 22 league games amid increased interest from other clubs. Milton Keynes Dons. On 13 July 2022, Devoy joined EFL League One club Milton Keynes Dons on a three-year deal for an undisclosed fee. On 5 November 2022, Devoy scored his first goal for the club, in a 6–0 win over Taunton Town in the FA Cup. He scored 1 goal in 44 appearances in all competitions over the season as his side were relegated to EFL League Two. International career. Devoy made his international debut for the Republic of Ireland U21 team during the 2023 UEFA European Under-21 qualifiers against Luxembourg. "As of match played on 16 December 2023" Career statistics. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

dauson deboy dauson debhoy (jonmo 20 novembor 2001) ejon aairis pesadari xongsthar football kheluwoi ji club milton kains donce aaru ireland gonorajyor eu21 rastriyo dolor baabe midfielder hisape khele. clubber keriyar. bohemian. deboye juwo porzayot ghoruwa firm aaru saint cavins lo "raar hoi khelisil. 2019 sonot pesadari sorto swakhyor korar purbe teu 2018 sonor march maahot leeg owo ireland primiyar dibhijon club bohemiansor 17 bosor boyoxor dolor juwo kheluoir dolot jugdan korisil. 2019 sonor 27 mey 'too korko sitir biruddhe 2-0 leeg owo ireland kaap cowarter-finalot joylabh korar 68 minutor bikolpo hisape debhoye teur prothom dolor aatmoprokax korisil. 2019 sonor 15 julyte 79 minutor bikolpo hisape teu jusidir haatot 3-0ror porajoyore leegot aatmoprokax korisil. purbor sijonot ximito xujugor pisot, 2021 sonot debhoye leeg aaru uefa europa conferences leeg duyutate niyomiyabhabe ongxogrohon korisil. 2021 sonor 21 mey 'too saint petrikor ethletikor haatot 2-1ror porajoyot teu clubber hoi prothom go' lo korisil. irelandor gonorajyor eu21choloi antohrastriyo koll-aap ontorbhukto koraa ek aakorxoniyo sijonor pisot, deboyok bosoror pifai juwo kheluwoi hisape monunit koraa hoisil aaru 2021 sonor baabe pifai dolor bosoror bhitorot sthan diya hoisil. 2021 sonor disembor maahot buhemiyanxokolor xoite punor swakhyor korar pisot, teu 2022 sonor sijonoloike prodorxon obyahot rakhisil, aan klabxomuhor aagroh briddhir maajot 22khon leeg khelot 8taa go "lo korisil aaru 2taa xohay prodan korisil. milton kiins dons. 2022 sonor 13 julyte debhoye ek ogyat masulor baabe tini bosoror suktit efl leeg waan club milton kains donsot jugdan korisil. 5 novembor 2022-too, ef. e. kaapot tounton townor biruddhe 6-0ror joyot debhoye clubber hoi teur prothom go "lo korisil. teur doltuwe ee. ef. el. leeg dukhonot owonomito huwar baabe sijontut xokolu protijugitat 44 khon khelot 1 go "lo korisil. antohrastriyo keriyar. debhoye 2023 sonot uefa europiyo 21 bosoror tolor jugyota orjonor xomoyot laxombergor biruddhe irelandor 21 bosoror tolor dolor baabe antohrastriyo porzayot aatmoprokax korisil.

dosson deboy dauson devoy (jonmo 20 navembar 2001) ekjon airish peshadar association football kheload jini club milton cains donn ebong ireland projatontrer anurdho-21 jatiya doler hoye ekjon modhyomatther kheload hisabe khelen. club carrier. bohemianra. jubo porjaye deboy home firm ebong seenta keviner chheleder hoye khelten. 2019 saale peshadar shortaboli swakkhar korar agey, tini 2018 saaler march maase ireland premiere dibhishana club bohemianser anurdho 17 doley jog deena. 2019 saaler 27 meey cork sitir biruddhe ireland cup quarter-final joyer 2-0 leagay 68tomo minuter bikalpa hisabe deboy taar prothom doley atmoprokash corren. 2019 saaler 15ee julai 79tomo minute bikalpa kheload hisebe ucdr kachhe 3-0 gole herey tini lige atmoprokash corren. ager morshume seemit sujoger porey, 2021 saale doll niyomitovabe leeg ebong uefa europa conferences ligg ubhayi khele. 21 meey 2021-ayee seenta patricker athletiker kachhe 2-1 gole herey tini cluber hoye taanr prothom golti corren. ekti chittakarshak morshumer porey jaar modhye ireland projatontrer eu21-ayee ekti antorjatik qala antarbhukta chhilo, devayake bochorer sera torun kheload hisabe manoneet koraa hoyechilo ebong 2021 saaler jonno piphai doley sthan deoa hoyechilo. 2021 saaler decembere bohemiander saathe punra swakkhar korar porey, tini 2022 morsume anyanno clubgulir agroho briddhir modhye 8tii goal korechilen ebong 22tii ligg khelay 2tii sahayata pradan korechilen. milton cains donn. 2022 saaler 13ee julai, deboy ekti oggato mulye tinn bochorer chuktite efl ligg oyana club milton cains donsey jog deena. 5 navembar 2022-ayee, eff. ayee kaape tounton shohorer biruddhe 6-0 gole joylav korey deboy cluber hoye taar prothom golti corren. tini morshum judey samasta protijogitai 44 tii uposthitite 1 goal korechilen kaaron taar doll ee. eff. ell leeg tute abonomito hoyechilo. antorjatik karmajiban. 2023 saale uefa europea anurdho-21 bachaiporber somoy luxemburger bipokkhe ireland anurdho-21 doler hoye antorjatik crickete atmoprokash corren deboy.

dosson devoy dosson devoy (janm 20 november 2001) aek irish vyaavsaayik sangathan football khelaadi chhe jeey club milton keynes dones aneey ripablika off ireland U21 raashtriy team maate midfielder tareeke ramey chhe. club karkirdi. bohemians. devoy yuvaa stare hooma pharma aneey saint keveenna chhokarao maate ramtaa hataa. 2019maan vyaavsaayik sharato parr hastakshar kartaa pahelaa, teey march 2018maan leag off ireland premiere division club bohemiyansani under 17 team jodaayo hato. devoae 27 meey 2019naa roj qorqa ciity parr 2-0 leag off ireland cup quarter-final jeetma 68mee minutena aveji tareeke tenee pratham teamnee sharuaat curry hatee. tene 15 julai 2019naa roj 79mee minutena aveji tareeke yuu. see. dii. saame 3-0thee haar saathe leegma pravesh karyo hato. agaauni seasonma maryadit tako baad, 2021maan devoy leag aneey uefa europa parishad leag bannemaa niyamitpane dekhaayo hato. tene 21 meey 2021naa roj saint petriknaa athletic saame 2-1thee haarmaa club maate teno pratham goal karyo hato. aek prabhavshali season pachhi jemaa ripablika off ireland yuu21 maate aantarrashtriy coll-apno samaavesh thato hato, devoyne pii. aef. aaee. young player off dhaa year tareeke naam aapvama aavyu hatoo aneey 2021 maate pii. aef. aaee. team off dhaa yarmaa darshavvama aavyo hato. december 2021maan bohemians saathe fareethi hastakshar karyaa pachhi, tene 2022nee seasonma pradarshan karvaanu chaalu raakhyu, anya klabonaa vadhata rus vachche 22 leag ramatomaa 8 goal karyaa aneey 2 sahaay puurii paadee. milton keynes dones. 13 julai 2022naa roj, devoy ee. aef. aela. leag vana club milton keynes doncemaa trana varshnaa sodaa parr aghoshit phii maate jodaayo hato. 5 november 2022naa roj, devoae aef. aee. kapmaa tounton taaun saame 6-0thee jeet melveene club maate potaano pratham goal karyo hato. tene mosam darmiyan tamaam spardhaoma 44 dekhavma 1 goal karyo hato kaaran keey tenee teamne ee. aef. aela. leag bemaa feravaamaa aavee hatee. aantarrashtriy karkirdi. devoye luxemberg saame 2023 uefa european under-21 qualifier darmiyan ripablika off ireland yuu 21 team maate aantarrashtriy padaarpan karyoo hatoo.

dosson devoy dosson devoy (janm 20 navambar 2001) ack ayrish peshevar sangh football khilaadi hain joe club milton keynes dons aur ireland ganarajya yuu 21 rashtriya team key liye ack midfielder key roop mein khelate hain. club carrier. bohemian. devoy yuva star parr home farm aur sent cavin key ladakon key liye khelate they. 2019 mein peshevar sharton parr hastakshar karane seey pahale, vaha march 2018 mein leag off ireland premiere division club bohemians key under 17 paksh mein shamil hoe gaye. devoy ney 27 maee 2019 koo cork city parr ireland cup quarter final kii 2-0 leag mein 68vein minut key vikalp key roop mein apani pahali team kii shuruat kii. unhone 15 julaai 2019 koo 79vein minut mein yuu. see. dee. seey 3-0 seey haar key baad ack vikalp key roop mein leag mein padaarpan kiya. pichhale satra mein seemit avsaron key baad, 2021 mein devoy niyamit roop seey leag aur uefa europa sammelan leag donon mein shamil huaa. unhone 21 maee 2021 koo sent patrick key athletic seey 2-1 seey haar mein club key liye apana pahala goal kiya. ack prabhaavshaali satra key baad jisamen ireland ganarajya yuu21 key liye ack antarrashtriya coll shamil thee, devoy koo varsh kaa pee. aff. aaee. yuva khilaadi naamit kiya gayaa aur 2021 key liye pee. aff. aaee. team off dha ear mein shamil kiya gayaa. disambar 2021 mein bohemians key saath phir seey hastakshar karane key baad, unhone 2022 key satra mein pradarshan karna jaari rakhaa, anya clubon kii badhati ruchi key beach 22 leag khelon mein 8 goal kiye aur 2 sahaayata pradaan kii. milton keynes donn. 13 julaai 2022 koo, devoy ack agyaat shulk key liye teen saal key saude parr ee. aff. ell. leag vann club milton keynes donn mein shamil hoe gaye. 5 navambar 2022 koo, devoy ney aff. aeye. cup mein tounton shahar parr 6-0 seey jeet mein club key liye apana pahala goal kiya. unhone satra mein sabhi pratiyogitaon mein 44 pradarshanon mein 1 goal kiya kyonki unaki team koo ee. aff. ell. leag dou mein hataa diyaa gayaa thaa. antarrashtriya currier. devoy ney luxemberg key khilaf 2023 uefa europeeya under-21 qualifier key dauran ireland ganarajya kii yuu 21 team key liye apani antarrashtriya shuruat kii.

dasson devoy doxon devoy (janana 20 november 2001) obba airish vruttipara association football aatagararagiddu, club milton keynes dance mattu republic off airlend U21 rashtriya tandakkagi midfielder aagi aduttare. club vrattijeevana. bohimiyangalu. devoy yuva mattadalli home form mattu saint cavins baysgagi aaduttiddaru. 2019ralli vruttipara niyamagalige sahi haakuva modalu, avaru march 2018ralli leigh off airlend premiere division club bohemiansna U17 tandavannu seridaru. cork ct viruddha 2-0 leigh off airlend cup quarter final vijayadalli 68neey nimishada badaliyaagi 2019rahra mayee 27randu devoy tamma modala tandakke paadaarpane maadidaru. 2019rahra julai 15randu 79neey nimishadalli badaliyaagi yuu. sii. dii. viruddha 3-0 antarada solinalli avaru leagge paadaarpane maadidaru. hindina rtuvinalli seemita avakaashagalannu padeda nantara, 2021ralli leigh mattu uefa europa conferences leigh eradaralloo niyamitavagi kaanisikonditu. avaru 21 mayee 2021 randu saint patrick avara athletic viruddha 2-1 antarada solinalli klabgagi tamma modala golannu galisidaru. republic off airlend yuu21galige antaaraashtriya kareyannu olagondidda prabhavashali rtuvina nantara, devoy avarannu varshada pifai yuva atagara endu hesarisalaayitu mattu 2021 rahra varshada pifai tandadalli kanisikondaru. december 2021 ralli bohimiyangalondige maru-sahi haakida nantara, avaru 2022 rahra rtuvinalli pradarshanavannu munduvaresidaru, itara klabgalinda hecchina aasaktiya naduve 22 leigh atagalalli 8 golugalannu galisidaru mattu 2 asistgalannu niididaru. milton keynes dance. 2022rahra julai 13randu, devoy avaru bahirangapadisada shulkakkagi mooru varshagala oppandada mele efl leigh one club milton keynes dansge seridaru. 5 november 2022 randu, efa kapnalli tounton towne viruddha 6-0 antarada geluvinalli devoy klabgagi tanna modala golannu galisidanu. rtuvina ellah spardegalalli 44 pandyagalalli 1 golannu galisida avaru, avara tandavannu efl leigh eradakke vargaayisalaayitu. antaaraashtriya vrattijeevana. devoy avaru 2023rahra uefa european under-21 arhata pandyagalalli luxemberg viruddha republic off airlend yuu 21 tandakkagi antaaraashtriya cricketge paadaarpane maadidaru.

daashan devoy club milttan cains donsinum republic oof ireland under 21 deseeya teamin vendi midfielderaayi kalikkunna oru airish professional association football kalikkaranaanu dosson devoy (jananam november 20,2001). club currier. bohemians. yuvajanathalathil hoome famin sent kevins aankuttikalkkum vendiyaanu devu kalichathu. 2019ll professional nibandhanakal oppidunnathinu munbu 2018 maarchil leag oof ireland premiier division club boheemiyansinte under 17 teamil chernnu. 2019 meyy meyy cork sittikkethiraaya 2-0 leag oof ireland kapp quarter final vijayathil 68-aamm minittil pakarakkaranaayi devoy thante aadya teamil arangettam kurichu. 2019 juulai juulai 79-aamm minittil pakarakkaranaayi yuu. sii. deod deod paraajayappettukond addeham leagil arangettam kurichu. kazhinja seasonil parimithamaaya avasarangal labhichathinethudarnnu, 2021ll leag, yuvefa europa konfarans leag ennivayil devoy pathivayi prathyakshappettu. 2021 meyy 21 nuu sent patrick athlattikkinodu 2-1 nuu paraajayappettaan addeham klabbinaayi thante aadya goal nediyathu. republic oof ireland yuu yuu oru anthaaraashtra kooll ulppedunna aakarshakamaaya oru seasoninu sesham, devoy eee varshathe piphy yuva kalikkaranaayi thiranjedukkappedukayum 2021 leeii piphy teamil idam nedukayum cheythu. 2021 desemberil bohemiansumaayi veendum karar oppitta sesham, mattu klabbukalil ninnulla vardhicha thaalpparyathinidayil 22 leag geyimukalil 8 golukal nedukayum 2 asisttukal nalkukayum cheythukondu addeham 2022 seasonilekku prakadanam thudarnnu. milttan cains doons. 2022 juulai 13 nuu, velippeduthaatha feesinaayi moonnu varshathe karaaril devoy efl leag vann club milttan cains donsil chernnu. 2022 november 5 nuu eph. eiii. kappil toundan tounine 6-0 nuu paraajayappeduthi devoy klabbinaayi thante aadya goal nedi. thante team randaam leag leagylake tharamthaazhthappettathinaal seasonile ellah malsarangalilum 44 malsarangalil ninnu addeham 1 goal nedi. anthaaraashtra currier. currier uefa europian under-21 yogyathaa malsarathil laksambarginethiraaya malsarathil republic oof ireland under 21 teaminayi devoy anthaaraashtra arangettam kurichu.

dosson devoy dosson davoy (janm 20 november 2001) haah eka ayrish vyavsayik sanghatana football kheladu aahe joou club milton keynes dons aanee republic auph ireland yuu 21 rashtriy sanghasathi madhyamathcha kheladu mhanoon khelato. club karkird. bohemians. devoy yuva staravar hoome pharm aanee seent kevinchya mulansathi khelala. 2019 madhye vyavsayik atinvar swakshari karnyapurvi, march 2018 madhye too leag auph ireland premiere division club bohemianschya 17 varshankhalil sanghat sameel jhaala. 27 meey 2019 roji cork citiver 2-0 neey jhalelya leag auph ireland kapchya upantyapoorv fereet 68 vya minitala paryayi mhanoon devoyne tyachya pahilya sanghat padarpan kele. tyane 15 julai 2019 roji roji minitala paryayi kheladu mhanoon yuu. see. dii. kadey 3-0 assa parabhav patkaroon leegmadhye padarpan kele. mageel hangamat maryadit sandhinnantar, 2021 madhye davoy leag aanee uefa europa conferences leag yaa donhimadhye niyamitpane sahbhagi jhaala. 21 meey 2021 roji seent patrickchya ethaletikkadun 2-1 assa parabhav patkaroon tyane klabsathi pahila goal keela. irelandchya yuu-21 prajasattakasathi aantarrashtriy coll-up samavisht asalelya eka prabhavi hangamanantar, devoyla pii. eff. aay. varshatil tarun kheladu mhanoon ghoshit karnyat aale aanee 2021 sathee pii. eff. aay. varshatil sanghat samavisht karnyat aale. december 2021 madhye bohemiansasobat punha swakshari kelyanantar, tyane 2022 chya hangamat kamgiri karane suru thewale, itar clubchya vadhatya swarsyadarmyan 22 leag samnyanmadhye 8 goal kele aanee 2 sahayya pradan kele. milton keynes donn. 13 julai 2022 roji, devoy adnyat shulkasathi teen varshanchya kararavar eae. eff. ell. leag vann club milton keynes donmadhye sameel jhaala. 5 november 2022 roji, eff. aii. kapmadhye tounton shaharavar 6-0 assa vijay midvat, devoyne klabsathi tyacha pahila goal keela. hangamatil serve spardhanmadhye 44 samnyanmadhye tyane 1 goal keela kaaran tyacha sangh eae. eff. ell. leag donmadhye paratala gela. aantarrashtriy karkird. devoyne 2023 yuu. eae. eff. aii. european under-21 patrata spardhedarmyan laksambargviruddha irelandchya yuu 21 prajasattak sanghasathi aantarrashtriy padarpan kele.

dousen devoya dousen debhoy (janma 20 november 2001) ek iris wyawasayik sangha football kheladi hun jasle club milton kens duns rar republic aff ireland yu 21 rashtriya tolika lagi midfielderko rupma khelchhan. club currier. bohemiyanharu. devoyale yuwa starma home farm rar cent kebhinka ketaharuka lagi khele. uni march 2018 maa ligg aff ireland premiere division club bohemiansko yu 17 pakshama samel bhae, 2019 maa wyawasayik sartaharuma hastakshar garnu aghi. debhoyle 27 mey 2019 maa 68 aun minetko wikalpako rupma afno pahilo tolima debue gare. unle 15 july 2019 maa 79 aun minetko wikalpako rupma ucdsanga 3-0 ley harma afno ligg debue gare. aghillo sijanma simit awasarharu pachhi, 2021 maa debhoya niyamit rupma ligg rar uefa europe sammelan ligg duwaima dekha paryo. unle 21 mey 2021 maa cent patricko ethletiksanga 2-1 ley harma clubka lagi afno pahilo goal gare. euta prabhawashali sijanpachhi jasma ganatantra ireland yu 21 esma antarrashtriya cull-up samawesh thiyo, debhoyalai warshako yuwa kheladiko rupma namit gariyo rar 2021 kaa lagi warshako pifai tolima chitrit gariyo. december 2021 maa bohemiyanharusanga punah hastakshar garepachhi, unle 2022 sijanma pradarshan garna jaari rakhe, 8 goal gare rar 22 ligg khelharuma 2 sahayata pradan gare. milton kens dones. 13 july 2022 maa, debhoy agyat shulka lagi tean warshako samjhautama efl ligg wann club milton kens dunma samel bhae. 5 november 2022 maa, debhoyle fa kapma tounton taunamathi 6-0 ko jitma clubka lagi afno pahilo goal gare. unle sijanma sabai pratiyogitaharuma 44 upasthitima 1 goal gare kinbhane unko paksha efl ligg duima nirwasit bhayo. antarrashtriya currier. debhoyle luxemberg wiruddhako 2023 uefa europeli under-21 chhanotko kramama ganatantra ireland yu 21 tolika lagi afno antarrashtriya debue gare.

dousen debai dousen debhaja (janma 20 navember 2001) jane iris pesadara association football khelali jie club milton cainus dons ebong republic off ireland jayu 21 jatiah dala paain midfielder bhabare khelanti . club kyariyara. bohemiyanmane. juba starare debhaja home farm ebong cent kebhinnka puamananka paain khelithile. 2019 ray bruttigata sartabali swakhyara kariba purbaru shay march 2018 ray ligg off ireland premiyara divijana club bohemiancer jayu 17 parsware joga deithile. divoy 27 meey 2019 ray 68 tama minitare eka ligg off ireland cop quarter phainalare 68 tama minitare bikalpa bhabare pratham dala debyu karithile. shay 15 july 2019 ray jayu. sii. dii. thaaru 3-0 ray parasta hoi 79 tama minute bikalpa bhabare ligg debyu karithile. purba ruture seemita sujoga parey, 2021 ray dibhaja nijamita bhabare ubhaja ligg ebong uefa europa sammilani ligre sthana paithila . shay 21 meey 2021 ray cent patriknka athletic bipakhyare 2-1 ray parasta hoi club paain tankara pratham goal score karithile. eka chittakarshaka rutu parey jeunthire republic off ireland jayu21 ku eka antarjatija cull antarbhukta thila, debajanku barshar juba khelali bhabare namit karajaithila ebong 2021 paain pifai team off dee ijarare sthana paithila . december 2021 ray bohemijanmananka sahita punarbara shine kariba parey, shay 2022 sijin parjyanta pradarshan jaari rakhithile, 8 goal score karithile ebong anya klabagudikara agraha brudhi madhyare 22 tii ligg game ray 2 tii sahajata pradan karithile. milton kines dons. 13 july 2022 ray, debai eka agyata shulka paain tini barshar chuktinama upare ee. aif. ell. ligg waan club milton kens dunceray joga deithile. 5 navember 2022 ray, faa kapare tounton tauna upare 6-0 bijajare, debhaja club paain tankara pratham goal score karithile. shay ehi ruture samasta pratijogitare 44 tii pradarshanare 1 goal score karithile kaaran taanka dala ee. aif. ell. ligg-2 ku abnamit hoithila. antarjatija kyariyara. debhaja 2023 uefa europeah under-21 jogyata parjyaja samajare luxemberg bipakhyare republic off ireland jayu-21 dala paain antarjatija debyu karithile.

dousen devae dousen devoye (janam 20 navambar 2001) ikk irish peshevar association football khidari haii joe club milton keynes danz atey gantantar ireland dee under 21 rashtari team laee midfielder vajon khedada haii. club carrier. bohemians. devae yuva paddhar 'teey gharelu farm atey cent kevin dey ladkiaan laee khedada see. uh march 2018 witch leeg aaf ireland premiere division club bohemians dey under 17 side witch shamal hoow giaa, 2019 witch peshevar shartan 'teey dastkhat curran toon pahilan. devoye neey 27 maee 2019 noon 68ven mint dey badal vajon aapni pahili team dee shuruat keeti. uss neey 15 julai 2019 noon yuu. see. dee. toon 3-0 naal haaran witch 79ven mint dey badal vajon aapni leeg dee shuruat keeti. pichle season witch seemat maukiaan toon baad, 2021 witch divoi leeg atey uefa yoorap conferences leeg dovan witch niyamit taur 'teey pradarshit hoiaa. uss neey club laee aapna pahila goal 21 maee 2021 noon cent patrick dey athletic toon 2-1 naal haar keey keeta. ikk prabhavshali season toon baad jiss witch gantantar ireland dey under-21 laee ikk antarashtari qaal shamal see, devoy noon saal daa pee. eff. aaee. naujwan khidari namzad keeta giaa see atey 2021 laee pee. eff. aaee. team aaf dha ear witch pradarshit keeta giaa see. dasambar 2021 witch bohemianan naal dubara dastkhat curran toon baad, usne 2022 dey season witch pardarshan karna jaari rakkhiaa, 8 goal keete atey 22 leeg geman witch 2 sahaita pardan keeti. milton keynes danz 13 julai 2022 noon, devoy ikk anailani fees laee tinn saal dey saude utte ee. eff. aill. leeg vann club milton keynes danz witch shamal hoow giaa. 5 navambar 2022 noon, devoy neey club laee aapna pahila goal keeta, eff. aii. kapp witch tonton taoon utte 6-0 naal jitt daraj keeti. uss neey season dauran saare mukabaliaan witch 44 pardarshanan witch 1 goal keeta kiunki uss dee team noon ee. eff. aill. leeg doou witch tabdil qarr ditta giaa see. antarashtari carrier. devae neey luxemberg dey virudh 2023 yuu. ee. eff. aii. european under-21 qualifier dauran gantantar ireland dee yuu 21 team laee aapni antarashtari shuruat keeti.

dousen devyoy daaksan devoy (janma 20 november 2001) ekaha airish-vyaavasaayik-sanghasya football-kreedakah asti yah club milton keynes dones tathaa republic aaf airlyaand-yoo21 rashtriyadalasya krute madhya-kreedaakaaratven kreeditavaan. club-vruttihi. bohemian. devaay-varyaha yuvastare gruha-krushikshetrasya krute, sent-kevin-ityasya balakanam krute cha kreeditavaan. 2019 tame varshe vyaavasaayik-niyameshu hastaksharat poorvam, 2018 tame varshe maarch-maase leag-aaf-airlyaand-premiyar-division-club-bohemians-ityasya yoo-17 pakshasya sadasyah abhavat. 2019 tame varshe mey-masasya 27 dinaanke carc-city-nagaram prati 2-0 leag-aaf-airlyaand-cup-quarter-fainl-vijayasya 68 nimesheshu vikalparupena devaay prathamadalasy padaarpanam krutavaan. saha 2019 julai 15 dinaanke 79 tame minite yoo. see. dee.-viruddham 3-0 parajaye vikalparupena leag-madhye padaarpanam krutavaan. poorvavarshe seemitaavakaashaanaam anantaram, 2021 tame varshe devoy niyamitaroopen leag tathaa yoo. ee. e. e. europa-sammelan-leag ityetayoho madhye abhyanayt. saha 2021 mey 21 dinaanke sent-petrick-kridavibhagat 2-1 ityanena parajayena club-krute prathamam goal krutavaan. airlyaand-ganarajyasya yoo21-ess-krute antarashtriya-aahvaanam api antarbhavati, yasyaah prabhaavapoornasya satrasya anantaram, devaay ityayam peefai-ityasya varshasya yuva-kreedaaluh iti namankitaha, 2021 varshasya peefai-dalasya krute api chitritah. 2021 december-maase bohemian-ityanena saha punah hastaaksharam krutvaa, saha 2022 tamavarshasya kreedaarutuh yaavat pradarshanm nirantaram krutavaan, 8 goals krutavaan, 22 leag-kreedaasu 2 sahaayakaani cha pradadat, anyaih club-ityeteshaam ruchihi vardhamana aasit. milton keynes dones. 2022 julai 13 dinaanke, devaay, ajnaatashulkaartham trivarsheeya-kararasya aadhaaren ee. ef. ell. leag-vann club milton keynes dones-madhye sammilitah. 5 november 2022 dinaanke, devaay ityayam club-krute prathamam goal krutavaan, ef. e. cup-kridaayaam tounton-nagaram 6-0 ityanena jitvaa. saha rutau sarveshu spardhaasu 44 spardhaasu 1 goal krutavaan, yatah tasya pakshah ee. ef. ell. leag-dwayam prati apasaaritah abhavat. antarashtriya-vruttihi. devoy ityeshah 2023 tame varshe yoo. ee. e. e. europe-21-varshaat nyunasya arhataa-kridaayaam luxemberg-viruddham republic aaf airlyaand-yoo21 dalasya krute antarashtriya-padaarpanam krutavaan.

dassen devaai dassen devoy (pirappu 20 navambar 2001) oru airish thozhilmurai sanga kaalpandhu veerar aavaar, avar kilap milton keynes dance mattrum ayarlaandhu kudiyarasu U21 thaesiya anikkaaga mitpeeldaraaga vilaiyaadugiraar. kilap vaazhkkai. bohemians. devoy veettu pannai mattrum saint kevins siruvarkalukkaaga ilaignar mattaththil vilaiyaadinaar. 2019 aam aandil thozhilmurai vithimuraigalil kaiyezhuththiduvadharku munbu, maarch 2018 ill leak off ayarlaandhu premiier division kilap bohemiansin U17 pakkaththil saernthaar. kaark sittikku ethiraana 2-0 leak ayarlaandhu kooppai kaaliruthi vetrtriyil 68 vadhu nimida maattraaka 2019 mae 27 andru devoy thanathu muthal aniyil arimugamaanaar. avar 15 juulai 2019 andru 79 vadhu nimida maattraaka yuu. chii. dii. yidam 3-0 endra cole kanakkil thoalviyadainthaar. munththaiya seasonil varaiyarukappatta vaaippugalaip pinpattri, 2021 aam aandil devoy leak mattrum uefa iropa maanattu leak aagiya irandilum thavaraamal idampettrathu. 21 mae 2021 andru saint paetrik thadagala aniyai 2-1 endra cole kanakkil thoarkadiththu kilappirkaaga thanathu muthal koalai adiththaar. ayarlaandhu kudiyarasin U21 kalukku oru sarvadesa alaippu udpada oru eerkkakkoodiya paruvaththirkup piragu, devoy aandin sirantha ilam veeraraaga peyaridappattaar mattrum 2021 aam aandirkaana aandin sirantha aniyil idampettraar. disambar 2021 ill bohaemiyansudan meendum kaiyeluththitta piragu, avar 2022 seasonil thodarnthu vilaiyaadinaar, 8 koolgalai adiththaar mattrum 22 leak poattikalil 2 uthavigalai valangkinaar. milton keynes dance. 13 juulai 2022 andru, devoy oru veliyidappadaatha kattanaththirku moontru aandu oppanthaththil efl leak onn kilap milton keynes dancil saernthaar. navambar 5,2022 andru, FA kooppaiyil downton nagaraththai 6-0 endra cole kanakkil ventru devoy kilappirkaaga thanathu muthal koalai adiththaar. inththa paruvaththil anaitthu poattikalilum 44 poattikalil avar 1 cole adiththaar, aenenil avarathu anii eee. eff. ell leak irandirku tharamirakkappattathu. sarvadesa thozhil. devoy ayarlaandhu kudiyarasin U21 anikkaaga 2023 UEFA iroappiya U21 thaguthip poattiyin poathu laksambarkkirku ethiraaga sarvadesa alavil arimugamaanaar.

dasson devay doxon devoy (jananam 20 november 2001) oka airish professional association football aatagadu, athanu club milton keynes dance mariyu republic off ireland U21 jaateeya jattuku midfielderga aadataadu. club kereer. bohemianlu. devoy yuva sthaayilo home phaam mariyu seyint kevin abbayila kosam aadadu. athanu marchi 2018loe leag off ireland premiere division club bohemianla U17 jattulo cheraadu, 2019loe vruttiparamaina nibandhanalapai santakam cheyadaaniki mundu. devoy 27 mae 2019naa cork citypai 2-0 leag off ireland cup quarter final vijayamlo 68va nimishamlo pratyamnaayamgaa thana modati jattuloki pravesinchaadu. athanu 2019 juulai 15naa 79va nimishamlo pratyaamnaaya aatagadiga ucd chetilo 3-0 thedaatho odipoyi leag loki adugupettadu. munupati seasonlo parimita avakaasaalanu anusarinchi, 2021loe leag mariyu uefa europa conferences leag rendintiloonuu kramam tappakunda pradarsinchabadindi. athanu 21 mae 2021naa seyint patrick athletic chetilo 2-1 thedaatho odipoyi club kosam thana modati goal saadhinchaadu. republic off ireland U21 laku antarjaateeya coll-up thoo kuudina aakattukune season taruvaata, devoy samvatsarapu yuva aatagadiga empikayyaadu mariyu 2021 samvatsaraaniki samvatsarapu jattulo kanipinchaadu. december 2021loe bohemianlatho tirigi santakam chesina taruvaata, athanu 2022 seasonlo pradarsananu konasaginchadu, itara klabla nundi perigina aasakti madhya 22 leag aatalalo 8 goals saadhinchi, 2 assistlanu andinchaadu. milton keynes dance. 13 juulai 2022naa, devoy velladinchani rusumu kosam moodu samvatsaraala oppandampai efl leag vann club milton keynes dancelo cheraadu. 5 november 2022naa, phaa kaplo tounton townpai 6-0thoo vijayam saadhinchi, devoy club kosam thana modati goal saadhinchaadu. athanu seasonlo anni pootiilaloo 44 pradarsanalalo 1 goal saadhinchaadu, endukante athani jattu afl leag renduku digajaaripoyindi. antarjaateeya vrutti. devoy 2023 uefa european under-21 qualifiers samayamlo republic off ireland yuu 21 jattu kosam antarjaateeya arangetram chesaadu.

ddaosan dewaye ddaosan dewaye (paidaish 20 nomber 2001) eek aairish professional aisosi aishan fitt baal khilaadi hay juu kalb milton keenz ddaans aur jamhuria ireland kii yuu 21 qomi team kay liye mudfelder kay toor parr kheelta hay. kalb carrier. bohemin. dewaye naujawanon kii satah parr hoam faarm aur sent cuens boyez kay liye kheltay thay. inhon nay 2019 mein paishah waranah sharaet parr dastakhat karnay say pehley maarch 2018 mein leeg aaf ireland premier devision kalb bohemenz kii inder 17 side mein shamoliyat akhtiyar kii. dewaye nay 27 mayee 2019 kuu 68 wein mint kay muthbadil kay toor parr apnee pehli team kaa aaghaz kiyaa. kaark stee parr ireland cup kwarter final kii 2-0 say jeeth. inhon nay 15 jolayi 2019 kuu yuu see ddee say 3-0 say shakast mein 79 wein mint kay muthbadil kay toor parr leeg mein qadm rakhaa. pachlay seezan mein mahdud mawaqa kay baad 2021 mein dewaye leeg aur yuu ayee aif aey europa conference leeg donon mein baqayedgi say shaamil hawaa. inhon nay 21 mayee 2021 kuu sent patrick kay athletic say 2-1 say shakast kay baad kalb kay liye apnaa pehla goal kiyaa. eek mutasir kunn seezan kay baad jiss mein jamhuria ireland kay yuu 21 aiss kay liye eek beenn alaqwami kaal shaamil thee dewaye kuu saal kaa behtareen naujawan khilaadi qaraar diyaa gayaa aur 2021 kay liye saal kii behtareen team mein shaamil kiyaa gayaa. dasambar 2021 mein bohemenz kay saath dobarah dastakhat karnay kay baad inhon nay 2022 kay seezan mein karkardgi kaa mazahirah jaari rakhaa dosray kalbon kii badhti dilchaspi kay darmiyan 22 leeg games mein 8 goal score kiye aur 2 assist farahim kiye. milton keenz ddaanz. 13 jolayi 2022 cow dewaye nay eek namalum fees kay liye teen saalah muahide parr ayee aif eel leeg winn kalb milton keenz ddaanz mein shamoliyat akhtiyar kii. 5 nomber 2022 cow dewaye nay aif aey cup mein tountan town parr 6-0 say jeeth mein kalb kay liye apnaa pehla goal kiyaa. inhon nay seezan kay doraan tamaam muqabilon mein 44 muqabilon mein 1 goal kiyaa keunkah inn kii team kuu ayee aif eel leeg duu mein muntaqil kirr diyaa gayaa thaa. beenn alaqwami carrier. dewaye nay jamhuria ireland kii inder 21 team kay liye apnaa beenn alaqwami aaghaz 2023 yuu ayee aif aey europi inder 21 qualifiers kay doraan lagzambarg kay khalaaf kiyaa.

000186e50958909739cd064b5acc1c7b77c389f93cf039eaada126b87cd9904e

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36703713

Fiona Paterson

Fiona Paterson New Zealand rower Fiona Paterson (born 9 February 1983) is a New Zealand rower. Biography. Paterson was born in Dunedin in 1983, and grew up in the Ida Valley as the second youngest of seven siblings. She first competed at World Rowing Junior Championships in 2000 in Zagreb, Croatia, where she came eighth with the junior women's eight. At the World Rowing Junior Championships 2001 in Duisburg, Germany, she came sixth with the junior women's eight. At the 2003 World Rowing U23 Regatta in Belgrade, Serbia, she came fourth with the U23 women's four with fellow members Bess Halley, Darnelle Timbs and Andrea Rix-Trott. She became world champion at the U23 World Rowing Championship in Poznań, Poland, in 2004 with the U23 women's quadruple sculls with fellow members Bess Halley, Darnelle Timbs and Jaime Nielsen. In January 2006 at age 22, she was diagnosed with an aggressive form of cervical cancer, was operated on and underwent chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Only a year later, she returned to rowing and was part of the women's eight that unsuccessfully tried to qualify for the 2008 Summer Olympics; at the 2007 World Rowing Championships in Munich, Germany, they came ninth, and at both the first two World Rowing Cup regattas in 2008, the team came eighth. In World Rowing Cup regattas in 2010, she competed in women's quadruple sculls with Emma Feathery, Paula Twining, and Louise Trappitt, and they came sixth in Munich, Germany, and in Lucerne, Switzerland. At the 2010 World Rowing Championships at Lake Karapiro, New Zealand, she rowed in the women's double sculls with Feathery and placed seventh. At the 2011 World Rowing Championships in Bled, Slovenia, she teamed up with Anna Reymer in the women's double sculls and won bronze. She competed in double sculls with Reymer at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where they placed fifth. Paterson retired after the 2012 Summer Olympics and moved to Christchurch, where she worked as a rowing coach and physical education teacher at Rangi Ruru Girls' School while completing a post-graduate teaching diploma at the city's New Zealand Graduate School of Education. In 2015, Paterson made a comeback and was selected by Rowing New Zealand to be part of the 57-strong training squad from which the nine boat teams will be chosen. At the New Zealand national championships at Lake Karapiro on 16 February 2016, Paterson competed with Rebecca Scown in the women's coxless pair, and they were beaten by Emma Dyke and Grace Prendergast for second place. When the Olympic rowing team was announced on 4 March 2016, Scown and Genevieve Behrent were chosen instead of Paterson; they would win bronze in their event. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

fiyuna paterson fiyuna paterson (jonmo 9 february 1983) hoise ejon notun jilyandor ruwar. patersonor jonmo 1983 sonot dunedinot hoisil aaru idaa upotyokat xatjon bhai-bhonir bhitorot dwitiyo konisthotom hisape dangor hoisil. 2000 sonot croatier jagrebot onusthito biswo roying juniyor championswipot prothombaror baabe protidondita korisil, zo "too teu juniyor mohilar aath nomboror xoite ostom sthan laabh korisil. 2001 sonot germanyr duisbergot onusthito biswo ror "ying juniyor championswipot teu juniyor mohilar aath nomboror xoite xostho sthan laabh korisil. 2003 sonot belgrade, cherbiyat onusthito huwa biswo ruying teu regattat teu teu mohilar saritar xoite soturtho sthanot aasil, zo "too teur xotirtho xodosyo aasil bes helly, darnel timbs aaru andrea ricks-trot. 2004 sonot polyandor pujnat onusthito teu biswo roying championswipot teu teu mohilar soturtho scullsor xoite xotirtho xodosyo bes helly, darnel timbs aaru jaaim nilchenor xoite biswo champion hoisil. 2006 sonor january maahot 22 bosor boyoxot teur charbhikel korkot rugor ek aakromonatmok rup sinakto koraa hoisil, ostrupsar koraa hoisil aaru chemotherapy aaru radiation sikitsa koraa hoisil. maatro ebosoror pisote, teu ruyingloi ubhoti aahisil aaru 2008 sonor grishmokalin olympicor baabe jugyota orjon koriboloi bifol huwa mohilar aathtar ongxo aasil; 2007 sonot germanyr munisot onusthito biswo roying championswipot, teuluke nowom sthan laabh korisil, aaru 2008 sonot prothom dutaa biswo roying kaap regatasot duyuta dole ostom sthan laabh korisil. 2010 sonot biswo roying kaap regatasot, teu mohilar soturtho skalot emaa fedari, paula twinning, aaru luiz trapitor xoite protidondita korisil, aaru teuluke miunikh, germany, aaru luchern, swizerlandot xostho sthan laabh korisil. 2010 sonot newzealandor lek karapirut onusthito biswo roying championswipot teu mohilar daabol skalot fedarire roying korisil aaru xoptom sthan laabh korisil. 2011 sonot blade, sloveniyat onusthito biswo ruying championswipot teu mohilar daabol schalsot enaa reimaror xoite millie bronjor podok laabh korisil. teu londonot 2012 sonor grishmokalin olimpikot reimaror xoite daabol skalot protidondita korisil, zo 'too teuluke ponchom sthan laabh korisil. 2012 sonor grishmokalin olympicor pisot patersone owoxor grohon kore aaru christcharcholoi yaay, zo 'too teu rongi ruru suwalir bidyaloyot ror' ying proxikhyok aaru xaririk xikhyar xikhyok hisape kaam korisil aaru sohoror notun jiland grejuwet skool owo edukeswonot snatokuttor xikhyon dipluma xompurno korisil. 2015 sonot, patersone punor proborton korisil aaru roying newzealandor dwara 57-xoktixali proxikhyon dolor ongxo hoh 'boloi basoni koraa hoisil jaar poraa nokhon naau doll basoni koraa hoh' bob. 2016 sonor 16 februaryt lek karapirut onusthito niu jilyando rastriyo championswipot petorsone mohilar coxless peyarot ribekka sconor xoite protidondita korisil, aaru teulukok dwitiyo sthanor baabe emaa daik aaru grace prendergaste porasto korisil. 2016 sonor 4 marchot jetiya olympic ruying doll ghuxona koraa hoisil, tetiya patersonor xoloni scon aaru genevieve behrent basoni koraa hoisil; teuluke teulukor eventot bronjor podok laabh koribo.

fiona patterson fiona patterson (jonmo 9 february 1983) ekjon notun gealand roar. patterson 1983 saale dunedine jonmogrohon corren ebong shaat viboner modhye dwitiya konistho hisabe ida upottokai bede othen. tini prothom 2000 saale croatier jagreb-ayee bishwa roying junior championshipe protidwondita corren, jekhane tini junior mohilader atti niye ashtam hohn. 2001 saale germanyr duisberge onusthito bishwa roying junior championshipe tini junior mohilader atti niye shostho hohn. 2003 saale serbier belgrade bishwa roying tini regatta, tini tini mohilader chaar soho sadasya bases halley, darnell timbs ebong andrea ricks-trott soho choturtho hohn. tini 2004 saale polyander pojna onusthito tini bishwa roying championshipe bishwa champion hohn, jekhane tini tini mohilader chaturbhuj sculls soho sahakarmi sadasya bases halley, darnell timbs ebong zyme nilsenke niye champion hohn. 2006 saaler januaryte 22 bochor boyse, tini cervical cancer ekti akromonattok roop nirnoy korechilen, astropachar koraa hoyechilo ebong kemotherapy ebong bikiran chikitsa koraa hoyechilo. matro eka bochor porey, tini roying-ayee firey asen ebong 2008 grissokalin olympyke jogyata orjoner byartho chesta koraa mohilader attir ongsho chhilen; 2007 saale germanyr munikhe bishwa roying championshipe taaraa nobom sthane aase ebong 2008 saale prothom duti bishwa roying cup regattate ubhayi doll ashtam sthane aase. 2010 saale bishwa roying cup regatuse, tini emma fedar, paula twinning ebong lui trapiter saathe mohilader chaturbhuj scullsey protidwondita korechilen ebong taaraa munikh, germany ebong suizerlander lucerrene shostho sthane esechilo. 2010 saale newzealander carapiro hrode onusthito bishwa roying championshipe tini mohilader double scullsey palok niye shaat nombore chhilen. 2011 saale blade, slovenia bishwa roying championshipe, tini mohilader double scullsey aanaa reimer saathe jutee bendhe bronz jitechilen. tini londone 2012 grissokalin olympyke reimer saathe double scullsey protidwondita korechilen, jekhane taaraa pancham sthane chhilo. 2012 saaler grissokalin olimpiker porr patterson abosar grohon corren ebong christchurche choley zaan, jekhane tini shohorer notun geland graduate school off educatione snatakottar shikkhadan diploma somponno korar somoy rangi ruru garles schoole roying coach ebong sharirik shikkhar shikkhok hisabe kaaj korechilen. 2015 saale, patterson firey asen ebong 57-shaktishali proshikkhon squader ongsho howar jonno roying newzealand dwara nirbachito hohn, jey doll theke noyti nauka doll beche neoa hobey. 2016 saaler 16ee february carapiro hrode onusthito newzealand jatiya championshipe, patterson mohilader coaksless jutite rebekka skauner saathe protidwondita corren ebong dwitiya sthaner jonno taader emaa daika ebong grace prindergust dwara porajito koraa hoy. 2016 saaler 4thhaa march jokhon olympic roying doll ghoshana koraa hoy, tokhon pattersoner poriborte scon ebong ginvive behrentke beche neoa hoy; taaraa taader evente bronz jitobe.

fiona patterson fiona patterson (janm 9 februari 1983) aek navaa zealand rover chhe. pattersonno janm janm dunedinema thayo hato aneey teey saat bhaai-bahenomaa beeja sauthee naana tareeke idaa kheenma uchharya hataa. teneeae pratham vakhat 2000 maan zagreb, croatiama vishva rooing juniyar champiyanshipma bhaag leedho hato, jyaan tenee juniyar maheelaoni aath saathe aathma krame aavee hatee. germanyna duisbergma duisbergma vishva rooing juniyar champiyanshipma, teey juniyar maheelaoni aath saathe chhaththa krame aavee hatee. hatee belgrade, serbiama vishva rooing tenee regata khaate, tenee tenee maheelaoni chaar saathe saathee sabhyo bases hellie, darnell timb aneey andrea ricks-trot saathe chothaa sthaane aavee hatee. hatee poznan, polendmaa tenee vishva rooing champiyanshipma tenee tenee maheelaoni quadruple sculls saathe saathee sabhyo bases hellie, darnell timbus aneey jaim nielson saathe vishva champiyan bunny hatee. january january 22 varshnee ummare, teneene cervical kensarnaa aakramak swarupnun nidan thayu hatoo, tenu operation karvaamaa aavyu hatoo aneey kimochikitsa aneey kiranotsarg saarvaar karvaamaa aavee hatee. maatra aek varsh pachhi, tenee rovingma parat pharii hatee aneey aneey unaalu olympic maate kwolifay thavaano nishfal prayaas karnari maheelaoni aathano bhaag hatee; germanyna munichma munichma vishva rooing champiyanshipma, teo navmaa krame aavyaa hataa, aneey aneey pratham beey vishva rooing cup regatazma, team aathma krame aavee hatee. hataa vishva rooing cup regatasma, teneeae maheelaoni quadruple scullsmaa emma fedari, paulaa twinning aneey luis trappit saathe spardhaa curry hatee, aneey teo munich, germany aneey lucern, switzerlandma chhaththa krame aavyaa hataa. hataa newzealandna leeka karapiro khaate vishva rooing champiyanshipma, teneeae maheelaoni double scullsmaa fedhar saathe rooing karyoo aneey saatmaa sthaane rahee. 2011 nee vishva rooing champiyanshipma blade, sloveniyama, teneeae maheelaoni double scullsmaa aenaa remer saathe maleene bronz jeetyo hato. teneeae londonma 2012 naa unaalu olympicma remer saathe double scullsmaa bhaag leedho hato, jyaan teo paanchmaa sthaane rahyaa hataa. hataa unaalu olympics pachhi patterson nivrutt thayaa aneey christchurchma rahevaa gayaa, jyaan temane shahernee newzealand graduate school off aejukeshanmaa anusnatak shikshan diploma purn karatee vakhate rangee ruru gearls schoolma rooing coach aneey shaaririk shikshan shikshak tareeke kaama karyoo hatoo. hatoo, pattersne punaragaman karyoo hatoo aneey rooing newzealand dwara 57-majboot taaleem tukadino bhaag banvaa maate pasand karvaamaa aavyo hato, jemathi nava hoady teamo pasand karvaamaa aavashe. 16 februari march roj leeka karapiro khaate yojaayeli newzealand raashtriy champiyanshipma, pattersne maheelaoni coxless jodeemaa rebekka skoona saathe spardhaa curry hatee, aneey temne beeja sthaan maate emma dike aneey grays prendergast dwara haravvama aavyaa hataa. jyaare 4 march march roj olympic rooing teamnee jaaherat karvaamaa aavee tyaare, pattersonne badale skoona aneey genevieve harrent pasand karvaamaa aavyaa hataa; teo temnee spardhama kansya jitashe.

fiona patterson fiona patterson (janm 9 farwari 1983) ack newzealand rover hain. patterson kaa janm 1983 mein dunedine mein huaa thaa, aur vaha saat bhaai-bahanon mein dusare sabse chhote key roop mein idaa ghaati mein paley-badhe they. unhone pahali baar 2000 mein croatia key zagreb mein vishva roing junier championship mein bhaag liya, jahan vaha junier mahilaaon kii aathvin key saath aathven sthaan parr aaeen. germany key duisberg mein 2001 kii vishva roing junier championship mein, vaha junier mahilaaon kii aathvin key saath chhathe sthaan parr aaeen. 2003 mein belgrade, serbia mein vishva roing yuu23 regata mein, vaha yuu23 mahilaaon key chaar key saath saathi sadasyon bases hailey, darnell timb aur andrea ricks-trott key saath chauthe sthaan parr aaee. vaha 2004 mein poznan, polland mein yuu23 vishva naukaayan championship mein vishva champion baneen, jisamen yuu23 mahila quadruple sculls mein saathi sadasyon bases hailey, darnell timbs aur jaime nielson key saath. janwari 2006 mein 22 saal kii umr mein, unhein garbhashay grieva key cancer key ack aakramak roop kaa pataa chalaa, unakaa operation kiya gayaa aur chemotherapy aur vikiran upchaar kiya gayaa. kewal ack saal baad, vaha naukaayan mein lautin aur una mahilaaon kii aathh mein seey ack theen jinhone 2008 key grishmakaaleen olympic key liye arhata praapt karane kii asafal koshish kii; germany key munich mein 2007 kii vishva naukaayan championship mein, way nauvein sthaan parr aaeen, aur 2008 mein pahale dou vishva naukaayan cup regata mein, team aathven sthaan parr aaee. 2010 mein vishva roing cup regatus mein, unhone emma fether, paula twinning aur luis trappit key saath mahilaaon key quadruple sculls mein pratispardha kii, aur way munich, germany aur lucern, switzerland mein chhathe sthaan parr aaeen. newzealand key carapiro jheel mein 2010 kii vishva naukaayan championship mein, unhone mahilaaon key double sculls mein pankh key saath naukaayan kiya aur saatven sthaan parr raheen. 2011 mein blade, slovenia mein vishva roing championship mein, unhone mahilaaon key double sculls mein enaa remer key saath milkar kansya padak jeetaa. unhone landan mein 2012 grishmakaaleen olympic mein remer key saath double sculls mein pratispardha kii, jahan way paanchven sthaan parr rahey. patterson 2012 key grishmakaaleen olympic key baad sevaanivritt hoe gaeen aur christchurch chully gaeen, jahan unhone shahar key nae zeeland graduate school off ajucation mein snatkottar shikshan diploma puuraa karate hue rangi ruru girls school mein naukaayan coach aur shaaririk shiksha shikshak key roop mein kaam kiya. 2015 mein, patterson ney vaapsee kii aur unhein 57-majboot prashikshan daste kaa hissa banane key liye newzealand key roing dwara chunaa gayaa, jisamen seey nau naav teams koo chunaa jaayega. 16 farwari 2016 koo lake carapiro mein naee zeeland rashtriya championship mein, patterson ney mahilaaon kii coxless jodee mein rebekka sconn key saath pratispardha kii, aur unhein dusare sthaan key liye emma dike aur grace preandergast dwara haraaya gayaa. jaba 4 march 2016 koo olympic roing team kii ghoshana kii gaee thee, tou patterson key bajaay sconn aur genevieve aberant koo chunaa gayaa thaa; way apane event mein kansya jeetenge.

fiona patterson fiona patterson (janana 9 phebravari 1983) newzealandna rover. patterson patterson dunedine nalli janisidaru mattu elu odahuttidavaralli eradane kiriyavalaagi idaa kaniveyalli beledaru. aake modala baarige 2000 ralli kroyeshiyaada jagrebnalli nadeda vishwa roying junier champiyanshipnalli spardhisidaru, allie avaru kiriya mahileyara entane sthaanadondige entane sthana padedaru. padedaru germany duisburgnalli nadeda vishwa roying junier champiyanshipnalli, avaru kiriya mahileyara entaneyondige aarane sthana padedaru. padedaru serbiyaada belgradenalli nadeda champiyanshipnalli regatta vishwa roingnalli, avaru champiyanshipnalli mahileyara naalku tandagalondige nalkane sthaanadalliddaru, saha sadasyaraada bess haale, darnell timbs mattu andrea ricks-trat jote. jote polyandna pojnannalli nadeda champiyanshipnalli vishwa roying champiyanshipnalli, champiyanshipnalli mahila quadraple scullsonalli saha sadasyaraada bess haale, darnell timbs mattu jaim nielsen avarondige vishwa champiyan aadaru. janavari janavari, 22neey vayassinalli, aakege garbhakantada cancern akramanakari roopavu patteyaayitu, shastrachikitsegolagadalu mattu kimotherapy mattu vikirana chikitseyannu padeyalaayitu. kevala ondu varshada nantara, avaru roingge maralidaru mattu 2008rahra besige olympicsge arhate padeyalu viphalavaada mahileyara entaneya bhagavagiddaru; bhagavagiddaru; germany munichnalli nadeda vishwa roying champiyanshipnalli, avaru ombattane sthaanadalliddaru, mattu 2008rahra modala eradu vishwa roying cup regatagalalli, tandavu entane sthaanadallittu. 2010 ralli vishwa roying cup regatasnalli, avaru mahileyara quadruple scullsonalli emma fether, paula twinning mattu louis trapitgalondige spardhisidaru mattu avaru munich, germany mattu lucern, switzerlandnalli aarane sthaanadalliddaru. sthaanadalliddaru newzealandna carapiro sarovaradalli nadeda vishwa roying champiyanshipnalli, avaru mahileyara double scullsonalli garigalondige roying maadidaru mattu elane sthaanavannu padedaru. 2011rahra bled, sloveniyaada vishwa roying champiyanshipnalli, avaru mahileyara double scullsonalli annah reimer avarondige saeri kanchina padakavannu geddaru. avaru landannalli nadeda 2012rahra besige olympicsnalli raimer jote double scullsonalli spardhisidaru, allie avaru aidane sthana padedaru. 2012rahra besige olympicsna nantara nivruttaraada patterson avaru christchurchge teralidaru, allie avaru nagarada newzealand grazuate school off ejukeshannalli snatakottara bodhana diplomavannu poornagolisuvaaga rangi ruru balakiyara shaleyalli roying tarabetudaararaagi mattu daihika sikshana shikshakaraagi kelasa maadidaru. maadidaru, patterson punaragamana maadidaru mattu 57-balavaada tarabeti tandada bhagavagalu roying nyoojilendninda aaykeyaadaru, adaralli ombattu dooni tandagalannu ayke maadalaaguttade. 2016rahra phebravari phebravari carapiro sarovaradalli nadeda newzealand rashtriya champiyanshipnalli, patterson mahileyara cox less jodiyalli rebecca scoun jote spardhisidaru, mattu avarannu eradane sthaanakkaagi emma dike mattu grays prendergast solisidaru. 2016rahra march march olympic roying tandavannu ghoshisidaga, patterson badalige scoun mattu jeanweave nornt annu ayke maadalaayitu; avaru tamma spardheyalli kanchina padakavannu gelluttaare.

pheona paattezhsan pheona paattezhsan (jananam 9 februvari 1983) oru nyoosilaand roveraanu. 1983ll dunedinil janicha paattezhsan ezhu sahodarangalil randaamathe ilayavalaayi ida thaazhvarayil valarnnu. 2000-ll croatiayile sagrebil nadanna loka roying juuniyar chaambyanshippil avar aadyamaayi malsarichu, avide juuniyar vanithakalude ettaam sthaanavumaayi ettaam sthaanathethi. 2001ll germmaniyile duesburgil nadanna loka roying juuniyar chaambyanshippil juuniyar vanithakalude ettaam sthaanavumaayi avar aaram sthaanathethi. serbiayile belgradil nadanna 2003 leeii loka roying yuu 23 regaattayil, saha amgangalaaya bess hallie, darnell timbus, andrea ricks-trott ennivarodoppam under 23 vanita forumaayi avar naalam sthaanathethi. 2004ll polandile posnaanil nadanna under 23 loka roying chaambyanshippil saha amgangalaaya bess hallie, darnell timbus, jaim neelson ennivarumaayi chernnu under 23 vanita quadruple skalsil avar loka chaambyanaayi. 2006 januvariyil 22-aamm vayassil avarkk servical kyaansar undennu kandethukayum sasthrakriya nadathukayum chemotherapy, radiation chikitsa ennivaykku vidheyayaavukayum cheythu. oru varshathinusesham, avar roingilekku madangiyethi, 2008 venalkkaala olimbiksinu yogyatha nedaan parajayappetta vanita ettaam vibhaagathinte bhaagamaayirunnu; 2007 ll germmaniyile myoonichil nadanna loka roying chaambyanshippil avar onpathaam sthaanathethi, 2008 leeii aadya rund loka roying kapp regattakalilum team ettaam sthaanathethi. 2010 leeii loka roying kapp regaattaasil, vanita quadruple skalsil emma federy, poula twinning, luis trappitt ennivaykkoppam avar malsarichu, avar germmaniyile myoonichilum swittsarlandile lucenilum aaram sthaanathethi. 2010ll nyoosilandile carapiro thadaakathil nadanna loka roying chaambyanshippil vanithakalude double skalsil thoovalukalode roying nadathukayum ezhaam sthaanathethukayum cheythu. 2011ll sloveniayile bled enna sthalathu nadanna loka roying chaambyanshippil avar vanita double skalsil anna reymarumaayi chernnu venkalam nedi. landanil nadanna 2012 venalkkaala olimbiksil remerinoppam double skalsil avar malsarichu, avide avar anchaam sthaanathethi. 2012leeii venalkkaala olimbiksinu sesham paattezhsan viramikkukayum christcharchilekku maarukayum avide nagaratthile nyoosiland graajvett school oof ejyukkeshanil birudaananthara adhyapana diploma poortthiyaakkumbol rangi ruru gales schoolil roying kochum physical ejyukkeshan adthyaapikayumaayi jolie cheyyukayum cheythu. 2015ll paattezhsan thirichethukayum onpathu boat teamukale thiranjedukkunna 57 anga pariseelana teaminte bhagamaakaan nyoosilandile roying thiranjedukkukayum cheythu. 2016 februvari 16nuu carapiro thadaakathil nadanna nyoosilaand deseeya chaambyanshippil, vanita coxless jodiyile rebecca skaunumaayi malsaricha paattezhsan, randaam sthaanathinaayi emma dike grays prindergastum avare paraajayappeduthi. 2016 march 4 nuu olimbiku roying teamine prakhyaapichappol, paattezhsanin pakaram skaun, jeneeveevu berrent ennivare thiranjedutthu; avar avarude inathil venkalam nedum.

fiona patterson fiona patterson (janm 9 februwari 1983) hii newzealandchi naukanayanpatu aahe. pattersoncha janm 1983 madhye dunedine yethe jhaala aanee too saat bhavandanmadhye dusya kramankacha sarvat lahan mulga mhanoon ida khonyat vadhala. tine pahilyanda 2000 saalee croatiachya zagreb yethe jhalelya jaagtik naukanayan kanishth ajinkyapad spardhet bhag ghetala, jithe tine kanishth mahilanchya aathvya saha aathve sthan midavale. germanytil duisberg yethe 2001 saalee jhalelya jaagtik naukanayan kanishth ajinkyapad spardhet, tine kanishth mahilanchya aathvya sthanasah sahave sthan midavale. sarbiyatil belgrade yetheel 2003chya jaagtik roing yuu23 regata spardhet, tine 23 varshankhalil mahilanchya chaar spardhanmadhye, bases halley, darnell timbs aanee andrea ricks-trott yaa sahkari sadasyansah chauthe sthan midavale. 2004 madhye polandmadhil poznan yethe jhalelya 23 varshankhalil jaagtik naukanayan ajinkyapad spardhet, 23 varshankhalil mahilanchya quadraple sculls, tee, bases halley, darnell timbs aanee jaim nielson yaa sahkari sadasyansah, jaagtik vijeti tharali. janewari 2006 madhye vayachya 22 vya varshi, teela garbhashayachya grivechya karkarogacha aakramak prakar asalyache nidan jhaale, tichyavar shastrakriya karnyat aalee aanee tichyavar chemotherapy aanee kiranotsarg upchar karnyat aale. keval eka varshanantar, tee naukanayan kshetrat paratali aanee 2008 unhali olympicsathi patra tharnyacha ayashasvi prayatna karananya mahilanchya aathpaiki eka hotee; germanytil munich yethe 2007 chya jaagtik naukanayan ajinkyapad spardhet teey navvya kramankavar aale aanee 2008 madheel pahilya done jaagtik naukanayan chashak regatamadhye, sangh aathvya kramankavar aala. 2010 madhye jaagtik naukanayan chashak regatasmadhye tine emma fedari, paula twinning aanee louis trappits mahilanchya chaupat skalsmadhye bhag ghetala aanee teey germanytil munich aanee switzerlandmadhil leusernmadhye sahavya kramankavar aale. newzealandmadheel lake carapiro yethe 2010 chya jaagtik naukanayan ajinkyapad spardhet tine mahilanchya duheri skalsmadhye fethereds naukanayan kele aanee satvya sthanavar rahili. sloveniyatil blade yetheel 2011 chya jaagtik naukanayan ajinkyapad spardhet tine mahilanchya duheri skalsmadhye annah remarasobat miloon kansyapadak jinkale. tine london yethe 2012 chya unhali olympicmadhye remarasobat duheri skalsmadhye bhag ghetala, jithe teey pachvya sthanavar hote. 2012 chya unhali olympicanantar patterson nivrutt jhalya aanee khristchurch yethe rahayala gelya, jithe tyanni shaharachya newzealandchya graduate school auph educationmadhye padvyuttar shikshan padavika purn kartana rangee ruru mulinchya shalet naukayan prashikshak aanee sharirik shikshan shikshika mhanoon kaam kele. 2015 madhye, pattersonne punragman kele aanee 57-majboot prashikshan pathakacha bhag honyasathi newzealandchya roingdware tyachi nivad karnyat aalee, jyatoon nau botiche sangh nivadle jaatil. 16 februwari 2016 roji lake carapiro yethe jhalelya newzealand rashtriy ajinkyapad spardhet, mahilanchya coxless jodimadhye pattersonne rebekka sconshey spardha kelee aanee tyanna emma dike aanee grace prendergastne dusya sthanasathi parabhoot kele. 4 march 2016 roji jevha olympic naukanayan sanghachi ghoshana karnyat aalee, tevha pattersonaivaji sconn aanee genevieve bohrantchi nivad karnyat aalee; teey tyanchya spardhet kansyapadak jinkatil.

fiona patterson fiona patterson (janma 9 february 1983) newzealandky rower hun. patersonko janma sann 1983 maa dunedinma bhaeko thiyo rar uni ida upatyakama saat bhaibahinimadhye dosro kanchhoka rupma hurkeka thie. unle pahilo patak sann 2000 maa croatiako jagarebma bhaeko vishwa roing junier championshipma pratispardha gareki thiin, jahaan uni junier mahila athka sath athaun sthanma thiin. germanyko duisbergma bhaeko vishwa roing junier championship 2001 maa uni junier mahila athka sath chhaitaun sthanma thiin. serbiako belgradema sann 2003 ko vishwa roing yu 23 regattama uni sathi sadasyaharu bases hayley, darnell timbs rar andrea ricks-trotsanga yu 23 mahila charka sath chautho sthanma thiin. uni sann 2004 maa polandko pojnanma bhaeko yu-23 vishwa roing championshipma sathi sadasyaharu bases hayley, darnell timbs rar zyme nilsansanga yu-23 mahila kwadrapal scullsanga vishwa champion banin. janawari 2006 maa 22 warshako umerma, unlai garbhashaya griwako cancerko akramak roop bhaeko patta lageko thiyo, shalyakriya garieko thiyo rar chemotherapy rar wikiran upchar garieko thiyo. ek warshapachhi matra, uni roingma farkiin rar 2008 grishmakalin olampikaka lagi yogya hune asafal prayas garne mahila athko hissa thiin; germanyko myunichma bhaeko 2007 vishwa roing championshipma, tiniharu nawaun sthanma ae, rar 2008 maa pahilo dui vishwa roing cup regatasma, tolly athaun sthanma ayo. sann 2010 maa vishwa roing cup regatasma, unle mahila kwadrapal scullsma emma federi, paula twinning rar luis trapitsanga pratispardha garin, rar tiniharu munich, germany rar lucerne, swizerlandma chhaitaun sthanma rahe. newzealandko lake carapyroma 2010 ko vishwa roing championshipma unle mahilaharuko double scullsma fedrika sath roing garin rar sataun sthanma raheki thiin. sann 2011 maa sloveniako bladma bhaeko vishwa roing championshipma unle mahila double scullsma annah remarsanga milera kasya jiteki thiin. unle londonma bhaeko 2012 grishmakalin olympicma remarsanga double scullsma pratispardha garin, jahaan uniharu panchaun sthanma rahe. patterson 2012 grishmakalin olampikpachhi sewaniwritta bhain rar christchurchma gain, jahaan unle saharko newzealand graduate schol aff ejukeshanma snatakottar shikshan diploma pura garda rangi ruru gearls schoolma roing prashikshak rar sharirik shiksha shikshakko rupma kaam garin. sann 2015 maa, patersonle punaragman gare rar roing newzealandwara 57-baliyo prashikshan toliko hissa banna chayan garieko thiyo jasbata nau dunga toliharu chhanine chhan. 16 february 2016 maa lake carapyroma bhaeko newzealand rashtriya championshipma, patersonle mahila coxless jodima rebekka skansanga pratispardha gare, rar uniharulai dosro sthanka lagi emma dike rar grace prindergastle parajit gare. jab 4 march 2016 maa olympic roing toliko ghoshana gariyo, patersonko satta scun rar jenebhibh aberant chhanot gariyo; uniharule afno pratiyogitama kasya jitne thie.

fiana patterson fiona patterson (janma 9 februari 1983) jane nyujilandara nauchalaka. patersion 1983 masihare dunedinre janmagrahana karithile ebong saata bhaivauneenka madhyare dwiteeja saana bhai bhabe ida upatyakare badhithile. shay prathame 2000 masihare croasiar jagarebre biswa roing juniara champianasipare pratidwandita karithile, jeunthare shay juniara mahila athati sahita astama sthana hassel karithile. germanyra duisburgre 2001 biswa roing juniara champianasipare, shay juniara mahila athati sahita shastha sthana hassel karithile. cerbiar belagredare 2003 biswa roing roing regata ray, shay 23 barsharu comm mahila chaari sahita saathee sadasya bases helly, darnell timbs ebong andrea ricks-trut sahita chaturtha sthana adhikara karithile. shay 2004 ray polander pojnanare jayu 23 biswa roing champianasipare biswa champion hoithile, jayu 23 mahila quadruple scull sahita saathee sadasya bases helly, darnell timbs ebong zyme nilsennka saha . januari 2006 ray 22 barsha bajasare, shay eka aakramanatmaka prakarara garbhashaja greeba karkatare akranta hoithile, astropachara karajaithila ebong chemotherapy ebong bikirana chikitsa karajaithila . maatra eka barsha parey, shay roingku pherithile ebong 2008 grishma olympics paain jogyata hassel karibaku biphal hoithiba mahila ather ansha thile; germanyra munichare 2007 biswa roing champianasipare semane nabam sthanare rahithile, ebong 2008 ray ubhaja pratham duiti biswa roing cop regatas ray dala astama sthanare thila . 2010 ray biswa roing cop regatas ray, shay emma federi, paula tuining ebong louis trappit sahita mahila chaturbhuja scullsray pratidwandita karithile, ebong semane germanyra munik ebong swijaralyandara lucern ray shastha sthana hassel karithile. nyujilandara lake karapirore 2010 biswa roing champianasipare shay mahila double scullsray fedari sahita roing karithile ebong saptama sthanare rahithile. sloveniaara bledare 2011 biswa roing champianasipare shay mahila double scullsray aanaa remaranka saha mishi bronz jitithile. shay landanare 2012 grishma alimpiksare remaranka saha double scholre pratidwandita karithile, jeunthare semane pancham sthanare rahithile. 2012 grishmakalina olympics parey patterson absar neithile ebong khreestacharchaku jaithile, jeunthare shay saharar nyujilanda grazuate skul off edukesan ray snatakottara sikhyadana diploma samapta kariba samajare rangee ruru balika bidyalajare roing coach ebong sharirika sikhya sikhyaka bhabare karjya karithile. 2015 ray, pieterson pratyabartana karithile ebong roing nyujilyanda dwara 57-shaktishali talim squadra anshabisesha bhabare manoneet hoithile jeunthiru nauty danga dala chayan karajiba . 16 februari 2016 ray lake karapirore nyujilyanda jatiah championship ray, patersion mahila coxless jodi rebekka scon sahita pratidwandita karithile, ebong semane dwiteeja sthana paain emma dike ebong graces prindergast dwara parasta hoithile. 2016 masiha march 4 tarikhare jetebele alympic roing dala ghoshana karajaithila, setebele petarsananka paribarte scon ebong jenebhiv abaharentanku chayan karajaithila; semane semananka iventare bronz jitibe.

fiona patterson fiona patterson (janam 9 farvari 1983) ikk newzealand rover haii. patterson daa janam 1983 witch dunedine witch hoiaa see atey uh satt bhainn-bharavan vicchon dooje sabh toon chhote vajon idaa ghaati witch vadda hoiaa see. uss neey pahili vaar 2000 witch zagreb, croatia witch vishav roying junier championship witch hissa liaa, jitthe uh junier mahila atth naal athven sathaan 'teey rahee. germany dey duisberg witch 2001 witch vishav roying junier championship witch, uh junier mahila atth naal chheven sathaan utte rahee. 2003 witch belgrade, sarbia witch vishav roying yuu 23 regata witch, uh saathi memberan bases halley, dernley timbs atey andrea ricks-trott naal yuu 23 mahila chaar naal chauthe sathaan 'teey rahee. uh 2004 witch poland dey pojnan witch under 23 vishav roying championship witch vishav champion bnee, jiss witch 23 under 23 mahila chaar scull saathi memberan bases halley, dernley timbs atey jaim nielson naal sunn. janwari 2006 witch 22 saal dee umar witch, uss noon cervical cancer dey ikk hamlawar roop daa pataa laggiaa see, uss daa appression keeta giaa see atey chemotherapy atey radiation ilaaj karvaiaa giaa see. siraf ikk saal baad, uh roying witch waps aaee atey 2008 dey garmiaan dey olympic laee qualify curran dee asfal koshish curran valiaan aurtan dey atth vicchon ikk see; minich, germany witch 2007 vishav roying championship witch, uh nauven sathaan 'teey aae, atey 2008 witch pahile doou vishav roying kapp regats witch, team athven sathaan' teey aaee. sann 2010 witch vishav roying kapp regats witch, uss neey mahila chaar-pakkhi sakallan witch aima fedar, paula twining atey luis trappit naal mukabala keeta, atey uh munich, germany atey lucern, switzerland witch chheven sathaan 'teey rahiaan. newzealand dey lake carapiro vikhe 2010 vishav roying championship witch, uss neey aurtan dey double scull witch pakkh naal roying keeti atey sattvan sathaan haasal keeta. slovenia dey blade witch 2011 vishav roying championship witch, uss neey aurtan dey double scull witch annaa remer naal mill keey kaansi daa tagma jittiaa. uss neey london witch 2012 dey garmiaan dey olympic witch remer naal double scull witch hissa liaa, jitthe uh panjven sathaan 'teey rahey. patterson 2012 dey garmiaan dey olympic toon baad sevamukt hoow gaee atey christurech chalee gaee, jitthe usne shehar dey newzealand graduate school aaf aijukeshan witch post graduate adhiaapan diploma poora karde hoye rangi ruru gerals school witch ikk roying coach atey sarirak sikkhiaa adhiaapak vajon kamm keeta. 2015 witch, patterson neey vaapsee keeti atey roying newzealand duaara 57-mazboot sikhlai team daa hissa bannan laee chunhiaa giaa jiss vicchon naun kishti teaman dee chonh keeti javegi. 16 farvari 2016 noon lake carapiro vikhe newzealand rashtari championship witch, patterson neey aurtan dee coxless jodee witch rebecca sconn naal mukabala keeta, atey unhan noon dooje sathaan laee aima diek atey grace prindergest duaara haraiaa giaa. jadon 4 march 2016 noon olympic roying team daa ailaan keeta giaa see, taan patterson dee bajaae sconn atey genevieve borant noon chunhiaa giaa see; uh aapne mukabale witch kaansi daa tagma jittange.

fiona patterson fiona patterson (janma 9 febravari 1983) ekaa newjeelyaand-deshasya naukaavihaarikaa asti. petarsanah 1983 tame varshe dunedine-nagare ajayata, idaa-upatyakayam saptabhraatrushu dwiteeyena kanishtena rupena vardhata. saa prathamavaaram 2000 tame varshe croatia-deshasya zagreb-nagare vishva-roying-kanishta-pratiyogitaasu bhaagam agruhnaat, yatra saa kanishta-mahilaa-ashta-spardhayam ashtamastham praapnot. jarmaneedeshasy duisberg-nagare 2001 tame varshe vishva-roying-junier-chaampiyanship-kridaayaam saa kanishta-mahilaa-ashta-kreedayaa saha shashtam sthaanam avaapnot. 2003 tame varshe serbia-nagarasya belgrade-nagare vishva-roying-yoo23 regatta-kridaayaam saa saha-sadasyaih bess-haale, darnell-timbs, andrea-ricks-trat ityetaih saha yoo23-mahilaa-chaturthah saha chaturthasthaane aagatavatee. saa 2004 tame varshe polend-deshasya poznan-nagare yu-23 vishva-roying-chaampiyanship-kridaayaam, saha-sadasyaih bess-haale, darnell-timbs, jaim-nielson cha saha yu-23 mahilaa-kwaadrapal-sculls-kreedayaa vishvavijetaa abhavat. 2006 janavaree-maase 22 varsheeyah saa cervacal-karkarogasya akramaka-prakaaren rogena abhigacchati sma, shalyakriya krutaa, chemotherapy, vikirana-chikitsaam cha karoti sma. kevalam ekavarshaanantaram, saa roying-kridaayaam pratyaagatavatee, 2008 greeshmakaaleen-olympic-kreedaayaah krute arhatam praaptum asafalayaa prayatatam mahilanam ashta-kreedaasu bhaagam aasit; germany-deshasya munich-nagare 2007 tame varshe vishva-roying-chaampiyanship-kridaayaam te navamasthaane aagataah, 2008 tame varshe prathamadwaye vishva-roying-cup-regatta-kreedaasu cha dalah ashtame sthaane aagatah. 2010 tame varshe vishva-roying-cup-regattas-kridaayaam saa mahilaa-chatushkoneey-sculls-spardhaasu emmaa fedari, paulaa-twinning, louis-tropit ityetaih saha spardhaam krutavatee, te germany-deshasya myunich-nagare, switzerlyaand-deshasya lucern-nagare cha shashtam sthaanam praaptavantah. 2010 tame varshe newzealand-deshasya karaapiro-sarovarasya vishva-roying-chaampiyanship-kridaayaam saa mahilanam double-sculls-kridaayaam fedari-yukttaa roying krutvaa saptame sthaane aasit. 2011 tame varshe slovenia-deshasya blade-nagare vishva-roying-chaampiyanship-kridaayaam saa mahilaa-double-sculls-kridaayaam annaa-remer ityanena saha militvaa kaamsyam praapnot. saa landan-nagare 2012 greeshmakaaleen-olympic-kridaayaam remer ityanena saha double-sculls-kridaayaam spardhaam krutavatee, yatra te panchamam sthaanam praaptavantah. 2012 greeshmakaaleen-olympic-kreedaayaah anantaram, petarsanah nivruttah, christchurch-nagaram prati gatavaan, yatra saa nagarasya newjeelyaand-deshasya snaatak-vidyaalaye snaatakottar-shikshan-diploma-poornam kurvan, rangeeru-balika-vidyaalaye roying-prashikshakaroopen, shaareerik-shiksha-shikshakaroopen cha karyam krutavatee. 2015 tame varshe, petarsanah punaraagamanam krutavaan, newzealand-deshasya roying-dwara 57-balayut-prashikshan-dale bhaagam bhavitum chitah, yasmaat nava-naukaadalaani chitaani bhavishyanti. 2016 februvari 16 dinaanke karaapiro-sarovarasya newzealand-rashtriya-pratiyogitaayaam, paterson ityeshaa mahilaa-cox-laes-yugmasya rebekka-scoun ityanena saha spardhaam krutavatee, tathaa cha te emmaa-daik ityanena tathaa grays-prindergast ityanena dwiteeyasthaanaartham parajitaha. 2016 maarch 4 dinaanke yadaa olympic-roying-dalasya ghoshanaa krutaa tadaa patersonsya sthaane scoun tathaa genevive-borent ityetau chitau; te swapradarshane kaamsyam praaptavantah.

fiona patterson fiona patterson (prappu pipravari 9,1983) oru newsilaandhu padakotti aavaar. patterson 1983 aam aandil dunedinil piranthaar, maelum aezhu udanpirappugalil irandaavathu ilaiyavaraaka idaa pallaththaakkil valarnthaar. 2000 aam aandil groashiyaavin jagrepil nadantha ulaga roying juuniyar saambiyanshippil avar muthanmuthalil poattiyittaar, angku avar juuniyar magalir ettil ettaavathu idaththaip pidiththaar. 2001 aam aandu germanyin toisburkil nadantha ulaga roying juuniyar saambiyanshippil, juuniyar magalir ettaavathu idaththudan aaraavathu idaththaip pidiththaar. 2003 aam aandu bell gradil nadantha ulaga roying yuu23 regatavil, serbiyaavil, avar yuu23 penkal naanku udan naankaavathu idaththaip pidiththaar, saga uruppinargalaana bess haalli, darnell dimps mattrum andrea ricks-traut. 2004 aam aandil poalanthin poasnaavil nadantha yuu 23 ulaga roying saambiyanshippil ulaga saambiyanaanaar, yuu 23 penkal naanku sculls udan saga uruppinargalaana bess haalli, darnell dimps mattrum jaim neelson aakiyoarudan. janavari 2006 ill, 22 vayathil, avarukku karpappai vaai puttrunoai iruppathu kandariyappattathu, aruvai sigichchai seiyappattathu mattrum chemotherapy mattrum kathirveechchu sikitchaikku udpaduththappattathu. oru varudaththirkup piragu, avar roayingkirkuth thirumbinaar, 2008 koadaikkaala olimpikkirku thaguthi pera muyarchiththa penkalin ettil oru paguthiyaaga irunthaar; germanyin munichchil nadantha 2007 ulaga roying saambiyanshippil, avarkal onbathaavathu idaththaip pidiththanar, 2008 aam aandil muthal irandu ulaga roying kooppai recottasilum, anii ettaavathu idaththaip pidiththathu. 2010 aam aandil ulaga roying kooppai recottasil, avar emma fethery, bowlaa dwinning mattrum luis tropit aagiyavattrudan penkal naarkara skallgalil poattiyittaar, maelum avarkal germanyin munich mattrum switcherlaandhin lucernil aaraavathu idaththaip pidiththanar. newzealaandhin carabro aeriyil nadantha 2010 ulaga roying saambiyanshippil, avar penkal irattai skallgalil irakukaludan varisaiyaaka vilayaadi aezhaavathu idaththaip pidiththaar. 2011 aam aandu ulaga roying saambiyanship poattikalil blett, sloveniavil, avar penkal irattai sculls poattiyil annah remarudden inainthu venkalaththai ventraar. landanil nadantha 2012 koadaikkaala olimpikkil remarudden irattai sculls poattiyil pankettraar, angku avarkal ainthaavathu idaththaip pidiththanar. 2012 koadaikkaala olimpikkirkup piragu patterson oaivu pettraar, christcharchchukkuch sentraar, angku avar rangki rooru penkal pallyil roying payirchiyaalaraakavum, udarkalvi aasiriyaraagavum paniyaattrinaar, athae neraththil nagaraththin puthiya jeelandhu pattathaari pallyil mudugalai karpiththal diplamovai muditthaar. 2015 aam aandil, patterson meendum vanthaar, maelum onbathu padagu anigal thaernthedukkappadum 57 valuvaana payirchi aniyin oru paguthiyaaga roying newsilaandhu thaernthedukkappattathu. pipravari 16,2016 andru carabro aeriyil nadaipettra newsilaandhu thaesiya saambiyanshippil, penkal cox less joadiyil rebecca scounudon poattiyitta patterson, avarkal irandaavathu idaththirku emma taik mattrum grays breendercastall thoarkadikkappattanar. 2016 maarch 4 andru olympic roying anii arivikkappattapoathu, pattersonukku pathilaaka skavun mattrum jeanweave barnt thernthedukkappattanar; avarkal thangal nigazhvil venkalaththai velvaargal.

fiona peterson fiona patterson (jananam 9 fibravari 1983) oka newzealand rover. peterson 1983loe dunedinelo janminchaaru, eduguru thobuttuvulalo rendava chinnavaduga idaa loyalo perigaaru. aame 2000loe croatialooni jagreblo jarigina prapancha roying juuniyar chhampiyanshiplo modatisaari pootii chesindi, akkada aame juuniyar mahilala enimidava sthaanamtho enimidava sthaanamlo nilichindi. germanyloni duisburglo jarigina 2001 prapancha roying juuniyar chhampiyanshiplo, aame juuniyar mahilala enimidintitoe aarava sthaanamlo nilichindi. cerbialoni belgradelo jarigina 2003 varald roying yuu23 regattalo, aame thoti sabhyulaina bess haalii, darnelle timbs mariyu andrea ricks-trat thoo yuu23 mahilala naalugintitoe naalugo sthaanamlo nilichindi. 2004loe polandloni pojnanlo jarigina U23 prapancha roying chhampiyanshiplo aame prapancha champiyanga nilichindi, U23 mahilala quadruple sculls thoo paatu thoti sabhyulu bess haalii, darnelle timbs mariyu jaim nielsen. janavari 2006loe 22 samvatsaraala vayassulo, aameku garbhasaya cancer yokka teevramaina roopam unnatlu nirdhaarana ayindi, shastrachikitsa cheyabadindi mariyu chemotherapy mariyu radiation chikitsa cheyabadindi. oka samvatsaram taruvaata, aame roying kuu tirigi vachindi mariyu 2008 vesavi olympicsku arhata saadhinchadaaniki viphalamaina mahilala enimidintiloo bhaagamgaa undhi; germanyloni munichlo jarigina 2007 prapancha roying chhampiyanshiplo, vaaru tommidava sthaanamlo nilichaaru, mariyu 2008loe modati rendu prapancha roying cup regatas rendintiloonuu, jattu enimidava sthaanamlo nilichindi. 2010loe prapancha roying cup regattaslo, aame mahilala quadruple scullslo emma fedari, paula twinning mariyu luis tropit thoo pootii padindi, mariyu vaaru munich, germany mariyu lucern, switzerlandlo aarava sthaanamlo nilichaaru. nyoojilaandlooni carapiro sarassulo jarigina 2010 prapancha roying chhampiyanshiplo, aame mahilala double scullslo eekalu thoo varusalo paalgoni edava sthaanamlo nilichindi. 2011 prapancha roying championship loe bled, slovenialo, aame mahilala double scullslo annah remertho jatakatti kaamsyam geluchukundi. aame londonlo jarigina 2012 vesavi olympicslo remertho double scullslo pootii chesindi, akkada vaaru aidava sthaanamlo nilichaaru. 2012 vesavi olympics tarvaata patterson padavee viramana chesi, christchurchku vellaaru, akkada aame nagaramloni newzealand graduate school off educationlo post-graduate teaching diploma puurti chestu, rangi ruru baalikala paatasaalalo roying coach mariyu saareeraka vidya upadhyayuraliga panicheesaaru. 2015loe, patterson tirigi vacchaadu mariyu 57 mandhi balamaina sikshanaa jattulo bhaagamgaa newzealand roying dwara empika cheyabaddaadu, dheeni nundi tommidi padava jatlu empika cheyabadataayi. 2016 fibravari 16naa carapiro sarassulo jarigina newzealand jaateeya chhampiyanshiplo, patterson mahilala cox less jatalo rebecca scown thoo pootii paddadu, mariyu vaaru rendava sthaanam kosam emma dike mariyu grays prendergast chetha oodinchabaddaaru. 2016 marchi 4naa olympic roying jattu prakatinchinappudu, patersonku badulugaa scown mariyu genevieve behrentnu empika chesaaru; vaaru tama eeventlo kaamsyam geluchukuntaaru.

feuna patterson feuna patterson (paidaish 9 faroori 1983) newzi lend kii eek kashti raani hay. patterson 1983 mein donedan mein paida huay aur waadi aidaa mein saat behan bhayiyon mein dosray sabb say chhotay kay toor parr play badhay. inhon nay pehli baar 2000 mein zagrib kroshiya mein honay waali aalimi rowing juniyar champine ship mein hasah liyaa jehaan wah juniyar khwatin kii aath kay saath aathwein number parr aayen. germani kay doisburg mein 2001 kii aalimi rowing juniyar champine ship mein wah juniyar khwatin kay aath kay saath chhatay number parr aayee. belgrade sarbiya mein 2003 kay world rowing yuu 23 regata mein wah saathi arakeen bees haili darneel tumbs aur andrea reks-trot kay saath yuu 23 khwatin kay chaar kay saath choothay number parr aayee. wah 2004 mein poland kay shehar pozna mein honay waali inder 23 world rowing champine ship mein saathi arakeen bees haili darneel tumbs aur jaimi neelson kay saath inder 23 weemanz kawadral sikalz kay saath aalimi champine bunny. januri 2006 mein 22 saal kii amar mein inhein cervical cancer kii eek jarhana shakal kii tashkhis hoyee inn kaa operation kiyaa gayaa aur chemotheropy aur tabkari kaa alaaj karaya gayaa. sarf eek saal baad wah rowing mein waps aayen aur khwatin kii aath mein shaamil thein jinhon nay 2008 kay summer olympics kay liye kawalifai karnay kii nakaam koshish kii. germani kay shehar meunakh mein 2007 kii aalimi rowing champine ship mein wah nawein number parr aayey aur 2008 mein pehley duu world rowing cup regats mein team aathwein number parr aayee. 2010 mein world rowing cup regats mein iss nay khwatin kay kawadral sikalz mein aima faidar paola twining aur lois trapet kay saath muqabilah kiyaa aur wah meunakh germani aur locern sweatzerland mein chhatay number parr aayey. newzi lend kay leek karapero mein 2010 kii aalimi rowing champine ship mein inhon nay khwatin kay double sikalz mein pankhon kay saath kashti chalayi aur saatwein number parr rahein. bload slovenia mein 2011 kii aalimi rowing champine ship mein iss nay khwatin kay double sikalz mein anaa remer kay saath mill kirr kaansi kaa tamgha jeeta. inhon nay landan mein 2012 kay summer olympics mein remer kay saath double sikalz mein hasah liyaa jehaan wah panchwen number parr rahay. patterson 2012 kay summer olympics kay baad retire how gayein aur crist charch chalee gayein jehaan inhon nay shehar kay newzi lend graduate school aaf ajucation mein post graduate teaching diploma makmal kartay hoay rangi roro garlaz school mein rowing coach aur physical ajucation teacher kay toor parr kaam kiyaa. 2015 mein patterson nay wapsi kii aur newzi lend kii kashti raani kay zariye 57 mazboot tarbiti dastay kaa hasah bannay kay liye muntakhib kiyaa gayaa jiss mein say noow kashti teamon kaa intekhaab kiyaa jaaye gaa. 16 faroori 2016 kuu leek karapero mein newzi lend kii qomi champine ship mein patterson nay khwatin kii kaaks lees jodee mein rebeka scown kay saath muqabilah kiyaa aur inhein dosri position kay liye amaa ddaik aur grais prendragast nay shakast dee. jabb 4 maarch 2016 kuu olympic rowing team kaa aalaan kiyaa gayaa tuu patterson kay bajaye scown aur jaine view barrent kaa intekhaab kiyaa gayaa. wah apnay avent mein kaansi kaa tamgha jeetein gay.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=19976365

Keita, Niger

Keita, Niger Keita is a town and commune in Niger. It is the capital of the Keita Department, within the Tahoua Region, and has a population of 10,631 as of 2012. Geography. Keita is located north-east of the national capital, Niamey. The town is in the semi-arid Sahel, and is threatened by famine. Keita is divided into the districts of Idewaran, Lissawan and Moulela. History. Keita became the "chef-lieu" of the eponymous canton in 1913. In 1917, Tuareg insurgents based in Italian-occupied Libya attacked and plundered the city, killing several people including canton chief Afadandan Ichawa. The attack led to a successful counter-offensive of the French. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Keita developed a rising number of inhabitants and transformed from a village to a small town. Keita became the prefecture seat in 1964. By the early 1980s, clear signs of desertification had begun. As a result, a development plan was signed in December 1983 that stressed sustainable long-term development of resources. The "Keita Project" was a 16-year plan that led to digging wells and the drilling of boreholes for irrigation of crops and for drinking water. Trees were planted to prevent soil erosion and promote agriculture. From 1984 to 1990, nearly of land was "reclaimed" and of rural roads were built, requiring heavy labor from the inhabitants of the town. Demographics. In the 1977 census, the population of Keita was measured to be 3,572. By 1988, its population had increased to 6,644. In the 2001 census, the population of Keita was 8,633. It increased to 10,631 as of 2012. The town is a center of Tuareg people, who have migrated from surrounding areas. According to a study in 1988, 10.9 percent of the population is permanent migrants, with 8.5 percent being seasonal migrants. Economy and infrastructure. Agriculture is the main occupation in Keita, and a nearby pond (currently dry) facilitated the growth of garden crops and millet. Although Tamaske is a bigger center of commerce in the region, Keita has some artisanal production. Ironworking is practiced, as was mining until the end of the colonial period. There is a bus station in the town. Keita has a limited amount of electricity. A community radio station with a transmitter of 150 W was established in Keita in 1998. Keita is the site of a civil court. One of the biggest infrastructural problems in the city is the extremely poor medical care. In addition, 46% of the population has no access to clean drinking water. Notable people. Former foreign minister of Niger Aïchatou Boulama Kané was born in Keita in 1955. Twin towns. Pesaro, Italy is twinned with Keita, in the initiative of the Italian development firm that operates in Keita. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

keita, niger keita hoise naijaror ekhon sohor aaru commune. ee tahuwa oncholor bhitorot keita bibhagor rajdhani, aaru 2012 sonoloike iyar jonoxongkhya 10,631 john. bhugul. keita rastriyo rajdhani niyamer uttor-pubot owosthito. sohorkhon ordho-xusko sohelot aase, aaru durbhikhyor baabe bhabukir xonmukhin hoise. keitak idewaron, lisawan aaru moula jilat bibhokto koraa hoise. itihax. 1913 sonot keita naamor kentonor "seph-liu" hoi porisil. 1917 sonot italy odhikrito libiyat owosthito tuwareg bidruhixokole sohorkhonot aakromon korisil aaru lutpat korisil, kentonor murobbi afadandan isawake dhori keibajonu lukok hotya korisil. ei aakromonor folot forasixokolor ek xofol proti-aakromon xonghotit hoisil. 1940-ror doxokor xexor faale aaru 1950-ror doxokor aarombhonite keitai jonoxongkhyar briddhi ghotaisil aaru gaonr poraa ekhon xoru sohoroloi rupantorit hoisil. keita 1964 sonot proxaxonik oncholor aaxon hoi porisil. 1980-ror doxokor aarombhonite morubhumir nirmanor sposto lokhyon dekha goisil. pholsworupe, 1983 sonor disembor maahot ek unnoyon porikolpona swakhyorito hoisil zo 'too xompodor bohonkhyom dirghomyadi bikaxor uporot gurutwo aarup koraa hoisil. keita prokolpo" aasil ek 16 bosoriya porikolpona jaar folot xosyor joloxinchon aaru khuwapanir baabe kuwa khonon aaru burhul khonon koraa hoisil. maatir khyoy protirudh koriboloi aaru krixir proxar koriboloi goch rupon koraa hoisil. 1984 sonor poraa 1990 sonoloike pray bhumi "punor dokhol" koraa hoisil aaru gramyo poth nirman koraa hoisil, jaar baabe sohoror baxindaxokolor poraa godhur sromikor proyujon hoisil. jonogathoni. 1977 sonor lukopiyolot keitar jonoxongkhya 3,572 buli porimapito hoisil. 1988 sonoloike iyar jonoxongkhya 6,644 loi briddhi paisil. 2001 sonor lukopiyolot keitar jonoxongkhya 8,633 aasil. 2012 sonoloike ee 10,631 loi briddhi paisil. sohorkhon hoise usoror oncholor poraa probrojon koraa tuwareg lukoxokolor ek kendro. 1988 sonor ek odhyoyon onuxori, jonoxongkhyar 10.9 xotangxo sthayi probrojonkari, zo "too 8.8 xotangxo hoise ritubhittik probrojonkari. orthoniti aaru antohgathoni. keitar mukhyo jiwika hoise krixi, aaru usoror etaa pukhuriye (bortoman xukan) bagisar xosyo aaru bajorar briddhito xohay korisil. jodiu tamaske oncholtur banijyor ek dangor kendro, keitat kichu xilpopotir utpadon aase. ouponibexik kaalor xexoloike khononor dore luhar kaam korar prothau prosolito aasil. sohorkhonot ekhon baach steson aase. keitar ximito porimanor bidyut aase. 1998 sonot keitat 150 dobliu ror trensmitteror xoite etaa community readyo 'steson sthapon koraa hoisil. keita hoise ekhon dewani aadalotor sthan. sohorkhonor ataitkoi dangor antohgathonigot xomosyaburor bhitorot etaa hoise otyonto durbol sikitsa xewa. iyar uporiu, jonoxongkhyar 46 xotangxor poriskar khuwa panir xubidha naai. ullekhjugyo byoktixokol. naijaror prakton boidexik montri aaisatu bulama kaaner jonmo 1955 sonot keitat hoisil. jomoj sohor. pesaru, italy keitat kaam koraa italy unnoyon protisthanor prochestat keitar xoite jomoj.

keita, niger keita holl niger ekti shohor ebong sampradai. etty tahoua anchaler modhye keita bibhager rajdhani ebong 2012 saaler hisabe err jonosongkha 10,631 john. bhugol. keita jatiya rajdhani niamer uttor-purbe abosthito. shaharti adha-shushko sahel anchale abosthito ebong durbhikkher humkir mukhe royeche. keita ideoaran, lisawan ebong moulela jelaay bivokto. itihas. keita 1913 saale ekoi naamer cantoner "shafe-liu" hoye othe. 1917 saale, italiya-adhikrito libia vittik tuareg bidrohira shaharti akraman korey ebong lunthan korey, canton prodhan afadandan ichawa soho besh koyekjonke hotya korey. eyi akraman farasider ekti sofol palta akromoner dike porichalito korey. 1940-err doshoker shesher dike ebong 1950-err doshoker godar dike, keita kromobordhoman sankhyak basindake gadey tulechilo ebong ekti grama theke ekti chhoto shohore rupantarita hoyechilo. keita 1964 saale prefecturer asson hoye othe. 1980-err doshoker godar dike marukaraner sposhto lakkhan dekha ditey shuru korey. falaswarup, 1983 saaler decembere ekti unnayan parikalpana swakkhorito hoy jaa sompoder teksoi dirghameyadi unnoyoner upor jore deyo. keita prokolpo" ekti 16 bochorer parikalpana chhilo jaar foley fosoler secher jonno ebong panian joler jonno koop khonon ebong borhole khonon koraa hoyechilo. mutty kshay rodh korte ebong krishike utsahito korte gaachh lagano hoyechilo. 1984 theke 1990 saal porjonto, pray jommy "punoruddhar" koraa hoyechilo ebong gramin sadakguli nirmito hoyechilo, jaar jonno shohorer basindader kachh theke bharee shromer prayojan hoyechilo. jonosongkha. 1977 saaler jonogonona anujayi keiter jonosongkha chhilo 3,572 john. 1988 saaler modhye err jonosongkha bede 6,644 john hoy. 2001 saaler jonogonona anujayi keiter jonosongkha chhilo 8,633 john. 2012 saaler jonogonona anujayi etty bede 10,631 john hoy. shaharti tuareg jonogoner ekti kendra, jaaraa ashepasher anchal theke abhibasito hoyeche. 1988 saaler ekti samikkha onusare, jonosongkhar 10.9 shotangsho sthayi abhibasi, jaar modhye 8.8 shotangsho mousumi abhibasi. arthaniti oo porikatthamo. keiter prodhan pesha holl krishi, ebong nikatbarti ekti pukur (bortomane shukno) bagan fosol ebong bajra briddhike sahajtara korechilo. tamaske eyi anchaler banijyer ekti borh kendra holeo keiter kichhu karigar utpadon royeche. ouponibeshik juger shesh porjonto khoni nirmaner moto lohar kaajo procholito chhilo. shohore ekti baas steshana royeche. keita seemit porimane bidyut royeche. 1998 saale keita 150 water transmitter soho ekti community redio steshana protisthito hoyechilo. keita ekti dewani adaloter sthan. shohorer sabcheye borh porikathamogoto samasyagulir modhye ekti holl atyanta durbal chikitsa porisheba. echhadao, jonosongkhar 46 shotangsher bishuddho panian joler subidha nei. ullekhjoggo manush. niger praktan pororashtromontri aichatu bolama kaane 1955 saale keita jonmogrohon corren. jomoj shohor. pesaro, itali keiter saathe jomoj, italiya unnayan sangosthar uddoge jaa keita kaaj korey.

keetaa, niger keita aee nigernu aek nagar aneey samudaay chhe. teey tahauaa pradeshmaa keita vibhagni raajdhaani chhe aneey 2012 sudhimaa tenee vastee 10,631 chhe. bhugol. ketaa raashtriy raajdhaani niyameni uttar-purvamaa stheet chhe. aaa shaher ardh-shushk saahelma chhe aneey dushkaalthi jokhamma chhe. keita idevaaran, lisavan aneey maula jeellaoma vahenchaayelu chhe. itihas. keita keita aponymus kentonnu "shafe-liu" banyu. banyu, italian kabaja hethalnaa libiyama stheet tuareg badvakhoroae shaher parr humalo karyo aneey lunt chalaavi, jemaa kentonnaa vadaa afdandan ichaava saheet ghanaa loko maarya gayaa. aaa humalaathi franchono safal valato humalo thayo. thayo daykana antamaa aneey aneey daaykaani sharuaatmaa, keita rahevasioni vadhati sankhyaa vikasavi aneey gaammaanthi naana shaherma parivartit thaee. ketaa ketaa praantnee bethak bunny hatee. hatee daaykaani sharuaat sudhimaa, rannaa spasht sanketo sharoo thaee gayaa hataa. parinaame, december december aek vikaas yojnaa parr hastakshar karvaamaa aavyaa hataa jemaa sansadhanona takaau laambaa gaalaana vikaas parr bhaar mukvaamaa aavyo hato. keita project" aee 16 varshnee yojnaa hatee, jenaa kaarane paaknee sinchai aneey pivaanaa paanee maate koova khodvaamaa aavyaa hataa aneey borhole khodvaamaa aavyaa hataa. jameennu dhovaan atkavva aneey kheteene protsaahan aapvaa maate vruksho vavvama aavyaa hataa. 1984 thee 1990 sudhee, lagbhag jameen "punahpraapt" karvaamaa aavee hatee aneey graameen rastaao banavvama aavyaa hataa, jemaa shahernaa rahevasio pasethi bhaare majurni jaroor hatee. vastee vishhayak. vishhayak vastee ganatarimaa, keitani vastee 3,572 mapvama aavee hatee. 1988 sudhimaa, tenee vastee vadheene 6,644 thaee gaee hatee. hatee vastee ganatarimaa, keitani vastee 8,633 hatee. 2012 sudhimaa teey vadheene 10,631 thaee gaee. aaa shaher tuareg lokonu kendra chhe, jeo aaspasna vistaromathi sthalaantar curry chookya chhe. chhe thayela aek abhyaas anusaar, 10.9 takaa vastee kaayamee sthalaantar karnaaraao chhe, jemaa 8.5 takaa mosamee sthalaantar karnaaraao chhe. arthtantra aneey maalkhaagat suveedhao. keitaamaa khetee aee mukhya vyavsaay chhe, aneey najiknaa talaav (haalmaa sooku) aee bagichaanaa paako aneey bajarina vikasne saral banaavyo. tamaske aaa pradeshmaa vanijyanu motoo kendra hovaa chhataa, keita ketlaak kaarigaroni pedash dharaave chhe. vasaahati samaygalana anta sudhee khaankaamni jaim jaj lokhandkaamno pann abhyaas karvaamaa aave chhe. shaherma aek bus station chhe. keita paase maryadit matrama vijadee chhe. chhe keitaamaa 150 doubleu transmitter saathenu saamudaayik rediyo station sthapvama aavyu hatoo. keita aee sivil courtnu sthal chhe. shahernee sauthee motee maalkhaagat samsyaomani aek atyant nabalee tabibi sambhaal chhe. vadhumaa, 46 takaa vasteene pivaanu swachchh paanee malatu nathee. nondhpaatra loko. nigernaa bhutpurv videsh mantree aichatou bolama kaaneno janm janm keitaamaa thayo hato. jodeeya shahero. pesaaro, itali keitaamaa kaaryarat italian vikaas pedhhini pahelmaa keita saathe jodaayelee chhe.

keetaa, niger keetaa niger kaa ack shahar aur samudaay haye. yeh tahoua kshetra key bheetar keetaa vibhaag kii rajdhani haye aur 2012 taka isaki jansankhya 10,631 haye. bhugol. keetaa rashtriya rajdhani niyaame key uttar-poorv mein sthit haye. yeh shahar ardh-shushk sahel mein haye aur akaal seey khatare mein haye. keetaa koo idevaran, lisavan aur maula jilon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa haye. itihas. keetaa 1913 mein isi naam key chhaavani kaa "shafe-liu" bunn gayaa. 1917 mein, italvi kabje vaale libia mein sthit tuareg vidrohiyon ney shahar parr hamla kiya aur lootpaat kii, jisamen chhaavani pramukh afdandan ichawa sahit kaee loga maare gaye. hamale key kaaran francisi kaa ack safal jawabi hamla huaa. 1940 key dashak key anta aur 1950 key dashak kii shuruat mein, keetaa ney nivaasiyon kii badhati sankhya vikasit kii aur ack gaanv seey ack chhote seey shahar mein badal gayaa. keetaa 1964 mein praant kii seat bunn gaee. 1980 key dashak kii shuruat taka, marusthalikaran key spasht sanket shuru hoe gaye they. isake parinamswarup, disambar 1983 mein ack vikas yojana parr hastakshar kiye gaye, jisamen sansadhanon key deerghakaalik vikas parr jore diyaa gayaa. keetaa pariyojana" ack 16 varsheeya yojana thee jisake tahat kuein khodane aur fasalon kii sinchai aur peene key paani key liye borhole khodane kaa kaam kiya gayaa. mitty key kataav koo rokane aur krishi koo badhaava dene key liye pedh lagaae gaye. 1984 seey 1990 taka, lagbhag bhoomi koo "punah praapt" kiya gayaa thaa aur graameen sadakon kaa nirmaan kiya gayaa thaa, jisake liye shahar key nivaasiyon seey bhaari shram kii aavashyakta thee. jansankhyiki. 1977 kii janganana mein, keetaa kii aabaadi 3,572 maapi gaee thee. 1988 taka, isaki aabaadi badhkar 6,644 hoe gaee thee. 2001 kii janganana mein, keetaa kii aabaadi 8,633 thee. 2012 taka yeh badhkar 10,631 hoe gaee. yeh shahar tuareg logon kaa kendra haye, joe aspas key kshetron seey aae hain. 1988 mein ack adhyayan key anusaar, 10.9 pratishat aabaadi sthaayi pravaasi haye, jisamen seey 8.5 pratishat mausami pravaasi hain. arthavyavastha aur buniyaadi dhancha. keetaa mein krishi mukhya vyavasaay haye, aur paas key talab (vartamaan mein sookhe) ney bageeche kii fasalon aur bajre key vikas koo suvidhajanak banaaya. halanki tamaske iss kshetra mein vanijya kaa ack badaa kendra haye, keetaa mein kuchh karigar utpaadan haye. lauh kaary kaa abhyaas kiya jaataa haye, jaisa kii aupaniveshik kaal key anta taka khanan kiya jaataa thaa. shahar mein ack buss station haye. keetaa mein seemit matra mein bijli haye. 1998 mein keetaa mein 150 doubleu key transmitter key saath ack samudayik radio station sthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. keetaa ack diwani adalat kaa sthal haye. shahar mein sabse badee buniyaadi suvidhaon kii samasyaon mein seey ack behad kharaab chikitsa dekhbhal haye. isake alawa, 46 pratishat aabaadi key paas swachchh peyajal taka pahunch naheen haye. ullekhaniya loga. niger key poorv videsh mantri ichatou baulama kaane kaa janm 1955 mein keetaa mein huaa thaa. judvaan shahar. pesaro, itali key saath jodaa gayaa haye, italvi vikas firm kii pahal mein joe ketaa mein sanchaalit hoti haye.

keata, niger keata niger naa ondu pattana mattu samudaayavaagide. idu tahouwa pradeshadolage keata ilaakheya raajadhaaniyaagide mattu 2012rahra velege 10,631 janasankhyeyannu hondide. bhougolika. keata rashtra rajadhani niyamiya eeshaanyadallide. ee pattanavu arey-shushka sahelnallide mattu baragaaladinda apayakke silukide. kitavannu idevaran, lisawan mattu maulela jillegalaagi vingadisalaagide. itihaasa. keata 1913ralli adhe hesarina canton "cheff-liu" aayitu. 1917ralli, italian aakramita libya moolada tuvareg dangekoraru nagarada mele daali maadi looty maadidaru, canton mukhyastha afadandan ichawa seridante halavaaru janarannu konduhaakidaru. ee daaliyu frenchara yashasvi pratidaalige kaaranavaayitu. 1940rahra dashakada koneyalli mattu 1950rahra dashakada aarambhadalli, keata nivasigala sankhyeyannu hechchisitu mattu halliyinda sanna pattanavagi roopaantaragonditu. keata 1964ralli praantyada sthaanavaayitu. 1980rahra dashakada aarambhada velege, marubhumiya spashta chihnegalu praarambhavaagiddavu. idara parinaamavaagi, 1983rahra decembernalli abhivruddhi yojanege sahi haakalaayitu, adhu sampanmoolagala susthira dirghakaaleena abhivruddhige ottu needitu. keetaa yojane" 16 varshagala yojaneyagiddu, idu belegala neeravari mattu kudiyuva nirigaagi baavigalannu ageyalu mattu borholgalannu koreyalu kaaranavaayitu. mannina savetavannu tadeyalu mattu krushiyannu uttejisalu maragalannu nedalaayitu. 1984rinda 1990ravarege, bahuteka bhoomiyannu "marupadeyalaayitu" mattu grameena rastegalannu nirmisalaayitu, idakke pattanada nivasigalinda bhaaree karmikara agatyavittu. janasankhyaashaastra. 1977rahra janaganatiyalli, keata janasankhyeyannu 3,572 endu aleyalaayitu. 1988rahra velege, adara janasankhyeyu 6,644kke airitu. 2001rahra janaganatiyalli, keata janasankhyeyu 8,633 aagittu. 2012rahra velege idu 10,631kke airitu. ee pattanavu suttamuttalina pradeshagalinda valase banda tuvareg janara kendravagide. 1988rahra adhyayanavondara prakara, jansankhyeya shekada 10.9rashtu janaru shaashvata valasigaraagiddu, shekada 8.5rashtu janaru rtumaanada valasigaraagiddaare. aarthikate mattu moolasoukarya. kitaadalli krushiyu mukhya udyogavagide, mattu hattirada kolavu (prastuta onagida) totada belegalu mattu siridhaanyagala belavanigege anukula maadikottitu. tamaske ee pradeshadalli dodda vanijya kendravagiddaroo, keata kelavu kushalakarmigala utpaadaneyannu hondide. vasaahatushaahi avadhiya antyadavarege ganigaarikeyante kabbinada kelasavannoo abhyasa maadalaaguttittu. pattanadalli bus nildaanavide. keata seemita pramanada vidyut annu hondide. 1998ralli keytaadalli 150 doubleu transmitter hondiruva samudaaya radeo kendravannu sthaapisalaayitu. keytavu sivil nyaayaalayada sthalavagide. nagarada atidodda moolasoukarya samasyegalalli ondaada atyanta kalape vaidyakeeya aaraikeyaagide. idallade, shekada 46rashtu janasankhyege suddha kudiyuva neerina soulabhyavilla. gamanarha vyaktigalu. niger naa maaji videshanga sachiva aichaatou baulama kaane 1955 ralli keyitaadalli janisidaru. avali pattanagalu. pesaro, italiyu keata jote avali, keata kaaryanirvahisuva italian abhivruddhi samstheya upakramadalli.

keytha, niger nigerile oru pattanavum kammyoonumaanu keytha. 2012 leeii kanakkanusarichu 10,631 janasamkhyayulla ithu thaahouva mekhalayilulla keytha departmentinte thalasthaanamaanu. bhoomishaasthram. deseeya thalasthaanamaaya niyaamiyude vadakkukizhakkaayittaan keytha sthithi cheiyunnathu. eee pattanam ardha varanda sahelilaanu, shaamam moolam bheeshani neridunnu. keettaye idevaaran, lizawan, moulela ennee jillakalaayi thirichirikkunnu. charithram. 1913ll keytha ithe perilulla kantoninte "shef-liu" aayi maari. 1917ll itaaliyan adhinivesha libia aasthaanamaayulla tuwareg vimathar nagaram akramikkukayum kollayadikkukayum cheythu, kantan medhavi afadan ichaava ulppede niravadhi perr kollappettu. akramanam franchukaarude vijayakaramaya prathyaakramanathilekku nayichu. 1940kalude avasaanathilum 1950kalude thudakkathilum keytha vardhichuvarunna nivaasikale vikasippikkukayum oru graamatthil ninnu oru cheria pattanamayi maarukayum cheythu. 1964ll keytha prefecture seettaayi maari. 1980kalude thudakkathil marubhoomivalkkaranathinte vyakthamaaya soochanakal aarambhichu. thathfalamaayi, 1983 desemberil vibhavangalude susthiramaaya deerghakaala vikasanathinu oonnal nalkunna oru vikasana padhathi oppuvachu. keytha padhathi" enna 16 varshathe padhathi, vilakalude jalasechanathinum kudivellathinumaayi kinarukal kuzhikkunnathinum borholukal kuzhikkunnathinum kaaranamaayi. mannolipp thadayunnathinum krishi prolsaahippikkunnathi marangal nattupidippichu. 1984 muthal 1990 vare, ekadesham bhoomi "veendedukkukayum" grameena roadukal nirmmikkukayum cheythu, pattanavaasikalil ninnu kanatha advaanam aavashyamaayi vannu. janasamkhyaashaasthram. 1977leeii sensus prakaram keythayile janasamkhya 3,572 aayi kanakkakkappettu. 1988 aayappozhekkum janasamkhya 6,644 aayi uyarnnu. 2001leeii sensus prakaram keythayile janasamkhya 8,633 aayirunnu. 2012 aayappozhekkum ithu 10,631 aayi uyarnnu. chuttupaadumulla pradeshangalil ninnu kudiyeriya tuwareg janathayude kendramaanu eee pattanam. 1988leeii oru padanamanusarichu, janasamkhyayude 10.9 sathamaanam sthira kudiyettakkaarum 8.5 sathamaanam seasonal kudiyettakkarumaanu. sambadghadanayum adisthaana soukaryangalum. krishiyaanu keythayile pradhana thozhil, aduthulla oru kulamaanu (nilavil varandathu) thottavilakaludeyum thinninteyum valarchaykku sahaayakamaayath. eee mekhalayile oru valia vaanijya kendramaanu tamaske aanenkilum, keythayil kurachu karakaushala ulppaadanamundu. colonial kaalaghattatthinte avasaanam vare khananam cheythathupole irumbuvalarthalum nadakkunnu. nagaratthil oru buzz steshanundu. keythaykku parimithamaaya alavil vaidyuthiyundu. 1998ll keythayil 150 vaatt traansmittarulla oru community radio steshan sthaapichu. keytha oru sivil kodathiyude sthalamaanu. nagaratthile ettavum valia adisthaana soukarya prashnangalilonn valare mosham vaidyasahaayamaanu. koodaathe, janasamkhyayude 46 sathamaanam perkkum shudhamaaya kudivellam labhyamalla. sradheyamaaya aalukal. 1955ll keythayilaanu niger muun videshakaarya mantri aichaattau boulaama kaane janichathu. eratta pattanangal. pesaro, itali keythayumaayi erattakalaanu, keythayil pravartthikkunna itaaliyan vikasana sthaapanathinte munkaiyilaanu.

keta, niger keta heey nayajarmadhil eka shahar aanee samuday aahe. tahauva pradeshatil hii keta vibhagachi rajdhani aahe aanee 2012 paryant tyachi loksankhya 10,631 aahe. bhoogol. keta heey rashtriy rajdhani niyamechya ishanyes sthit aahe. heey shahar ardh-shushk sahelmadhye aahe aanee dushkalane dhokyat aahe. keta heey idewaran, lisavan aanee maula yaa jilhyanmadhye vibhagale gele aahe. itihas. 1913 madhye keta haah tyach navane cantoncha 'shafe-liu' banala. 1917 madhye, italian-vyapt libiyatil tuareg bandkhoranni shaharavar hallah keela aanee lutmar kelee, jyat canton pramukh afdandan ichava yanchyasah anek lock marle gele. yaa hallyamule frenchanchya yashasvi pratiaakramanala chalana midali. 1940 chya dashakachya uttaradhat aanee 1950 chya dashakachya suruvatila, keitane rahivashanchi vadhati sankhya vikasit kelee aanee gavatoon eka chhotya shaharat rupantar kele. keta heey 1964 madhye prantache kendra banale. banale dashakachya suruvatiparyant valvantikaranachi spasht chinhe disu lagali hotee. parinami, december 1983 madhye eka vikas yojnevar yojnevar karnyat aalya jyat sansadhananchya shashvat dirghakalin vikasavar bharr denyat aala. keta prakalp' hii 16 varshanchi yojana hotee, jyamule vihiri khodanyat aalya aanee pikanchya sinchanasathi aanee pinyachya panyasathi boarhole khodanyat aale. matichi dhoop talhanyasathi aanee shetila chalana denyasathi zaade lavali gelee. 1984 teey 1990 yaa kalat jawaljawal jameen "punha midavali gelee" aanee grameen raste bandhale gele, jyasathi shaharatil rahivashanna mothya pramanat shram karave lagale. loksankhyashastra. 1977 chya jangananemadhye keyatachi loksankhya 3,572 mojali gelee. 1988 paryant tyachi loksankhya 6,644 paryant vadhali hotee. 2001 chya jangananenusar keyatachi loksankhya 8,633 hotee. 2012 paryant tee 10,631 paryant vadhali. heey shahar tuareg lokanche kendra aahe, jeey aaspaschya bhagatoon sthalantarit jhaale aahet. 1988 madheel eka abhyasanusar, 10.9 takke loksankhya kayamswarupi sthalantarit aahe, tarr 8.8 takke hangami sthalantarit aahet. arthvyavastha aanee payabhoot suvidha. keyata yethe shetee haah mukhya vyavasay aahe aanee jawalchya talavane (sadhya korada) bagetil pike aanee bajarichi vaadh sulabh kelee. tamaske heey yaa pradeshatil vyaparache mothe kendra asale taree, keitamadhye kahee karagir utpadan aahe. vasahatvadi kalachya shevataparyant khankam hott hote, tasech lokhandi kamacha sarav keela jaato. shaharat eka bus sthanak aahe. keitamadhye maryadit pramanat veej asate. 1998 madhye keta yethe 150 doubleu transmitter asalele samudayik redio station sthapan karnyat aale. keta heey diwani nyayalayache thikan aahe. atyant nikrusht vaidyakeey seva hii shaharatil sarvat mothya payabhoot samasyanpaiki eka aahe. yashivay, 46 takke loksankhyela swachchh pinyache paanee upalabdh nahee. ullekhaneey vyakti. nayajarache majee pararashtra mantri aaychatou baulama kaane yancha janm 1955 madhye keta yethe jhaala. julee shahare. pesaro, itali heey keita yethe karyarat asalelya italian vikas sansthechya pudhakarane keitashi jodale gele aahe.

keta, niger keita naijarko euta sahar rar commune how. yo tahauwa khetrabhitra keita vibhagko rajdhani how rar sann 2012 samma yasako janasankhya 10,631 raheko chha. bhugol. keta rashtriya rajdhani niyameko uttar-purvama awasthit chha. yo sahar ardha-shushka sahelma chha, rar anikalko khatarama chha. keita edewaren, lisawan rar maulela jillaharuma vibhajit chha. itihas. keita sann 1913 maa saman namko cantonko "shafe-liu" banyo. sann 1917 maa, italian-adhikrit libiama adharit tuareg vidrohiharule saharma akraman gare rar lutpata gare, canton pramukh afadandan ichawasahit dherai manisharuko mrityu bhayo. akramanle franceliharuko safal jawabi akraman nimtyayo. sann 1940 ko dashakko antya rar sann 1950 ko dashakko suruma, keitale basindaharuko badhdo sankhya vikas prerit rar gaunbata sano saharma parinat bhayo. keita sann 1964 maa prantako sitt banyo. sann 1980 ko dashakko prarambhama marubhumikaranko spashta sanketharu suru bhaeka thie. falaswarup, december 1983 maa euta vikas yojanama hastakshar gariyo jasle srotharuko digo dirghakalin vikasma jode diyo. keita pariyojana" 16 warshako yojana thiyo jasle bally sinchai rar piune panika lagi kuwa utkhanan rar borholharu drilling garna prerit prerit. matoko ksharan rokna rar krishilai badhawa dina rukhharu ropieka thie. sann 1984 dekhi 1990 samma, lagbhag jamin "punah prapta" garieko thiyo rar gramin sadakharu nirman garieko thiyo, jasma saharka basindaharubata bhari shram chahinchha. janasankhyiki. sann 1977 ko janaganama keitako janasankhya 3,572 thiyo. sann 1988 samma yasako janasankhya badhera 6,644 pugeko thiyo. sann 2001 ko janaganama keitako janasankhya 8,633 thiyo. sann 2012 samma yo badhera 10,631 pugeko thiyo. yo sahar taureg manisharuko kendra how, jo warparka kshetraharubata basain sareka chhan. sann 1988 ko euta adhyayananusar janasankhyako 10.9 pratishat sthayi aprawasi chhan, jasma 8.8 pratishat mausami aprawasiharu chhan. arthawyawastha rar purwadhar. keitako mukhya pesha krishi how, rar najikaiko pokhari (hall sukkha) ley bagaincha bally rar bajarako vikaslai sahaj banayo. tamaske yass kshetrako wanijyako thulo kendra bhae tapani keitama kehi karigar utpadan chha. aupaniweshik kalko antyasamma khanan garejastai falamko kaam pani abhyas garinchha. saharma euta bus station chha. keitama simit matrama bijuli chha. sann 1998 maa keitama 150 dablyuko transmitter bhaeko samudayik radio station sthapana garieko thiyo. keita euta nagarik adalatko sthal how. saharko sabaibhanda thulo purwadhar samasya bhaneko atyanta kharab chikitsa sewa how. yasabahek, 46 pratishat janasankhyasanga swachcha piune paniko pahunch chhaina. ullekhaniya wyaktiharu. nigerka purva videsh mantri aichatou bolama kanko janma sann 1955 maa keitama bhaeko thiyo. jumlyaha saharharu. pesaro, italy keitasanga jumlyaha chha, italian vikas farmako pahalma june keitama sanchalan hunchha.

keita, niger keita heuchhi niger eka sahara ebong commune . ehaa tahaua anchala madhyare thiba keita bibhagara rajdhani, ebong 2012 masiha suddha ehara janasankhya 10,631. bhugol. keita jatiah rajdhani nijameira uttara-purbare abasthita . ehi saharati ardha-sushka saahelare rahichhi ebong durbhikhya dwara bipadagrasta. keita idewarana, lisawan ebong maula jillare bibhakta . itihas. 1913 masihare keita ehi namdhari cantoner "shafe-liu" hoithile. 1917 masihare, italiah adhikruta libiaare abasthita tuareg bidrohimane sahara upare aakraman karithile ebong lute karithile, canton mukhya afadandan ichawanka sameth aneka lokanku hatya karithile. ehi aakraman phalare faraseemane eka saphala prati-aakraman karithile. 1940 dashkar sheshabhagare ebong 1950 dashkar prarambhare, keita janasankhya brudhi paithila ebong eka gramaru eka chhot saharare rupantarita hoithila. keta 1964 ray prefecture aasana hoithila . 1980 dashkar prarambha suddha, marubhumikaranara spust sanketa arambha hoijaithila. phalaswaroopa, 1983 masiha december maasare eka bikash yojana swakhyarita hoithila, jeunthire sambalara deerghakaleena bikash upare gurutwa diajaithila. keita prakalpa" eka 16 barshar yojana thila jaahaa fasal jalasechan ebong paniah jala paain cooa khanan ebong borehole khanan karithila. mruttika khyaja rokiba ebong krushiku prostahita kariba paain brukhya ropana karajaithila. 1984 ru 1990 parjyanta, praiah jami "punaruddhara" karajaithila ebong grameena sadaka nirmana karajaithila, jaahaa saharar adhibasinka thaaru bhaari shrama aabasyaka karuthila . janasankhyika. 1977 janganana anusare, keitara janasankhya 3,572 thila. 1988 suddha ehara janasankhya janasankhya brudhi paithila. 2001 janganana anujai keitara janasankhya 8,633 thila. 2012 suddha ehaa ehaa brudhi paithila. ehi saharati tuareg lokanka eka kendra, jeunmane akhpakh anchalaru sthanantarita hoichhanti. 1988 masihare karajaithiba eka adhyajana anujai, janasankhyara 10.9 pratishata sthajee prabasi, ebong 8.8 pratishata rutukaleena prabasi. arthaneeti ebong bhittibhumi. keitara mukhya jeebika heuchhi krushi, ebong nikatasta eka pokhari (bartamana shukhila) bagicha fasal ebong bajra brudhiku sugama karithila . jadio tamaske ehi anchalara eka bruhata banijya kendra, keitara kichhi karigara utpadana achhi . lauha karjya abhyasa karajae, jepari upanibeshabada samaira shesh parjyanta khanan karajauthila . saharare eka bus station achhi . keita pakhare seemita parimanara bidyuta shakti rahichhi. 1998 masihare keitare 150 watra transmitter thiba eka community redio station pratistha karajaithila. keita heuchhi eka dewani nyajalajara sthana. saharar sabutharu budd bhittibhumi samasya heuchhi atyanta kharap chikitsa seba. ehaa byatita, janasankhyara 46 pratishata lock swacha paniah jala paiparunahanti. ullekhaneeah byakti. niger purbatana baideshika mantri aichatou bolama kaane 1955 ray keitare janmagrahana karithile. yamaja sahara. pesaro, italy keita sahita jodi hoichhi, italiah bikash companyra padakhyepare jaahaa keita ray karjya kare .

keeta, niger keeta niger daa ikk shehar atey kamioon haii. ih tahoua khetar dey ander ketaa vibhag dee rajdhani haii atey 2012 takk iss dee aabadi 10,631 haii. bhugol. keeta rashtari rajdhani, niaame dey uttar-purab witch sathit haii. ih shehar aradh-sukke shehar witch haii atey qaal daa khatra haii. ketaa noon edevaran, liswan atey maula zilhiaan witch vandiaa giaa haii. itihaas. ketaa 1913 witch isey naam dee canton daa "shaff-lioo" bann giaa. 1917 witch, italian-kabze vaale libia witch sathit tuareg vidrohiaan neey shehar utte hamla keeta atey lutt-khoh keeti, jiss witch canton dey mukhi afdandan ichawa samet kaee lock maare gaye. iss hamle caarn fransisiaan neey ikk safal jawabi hamla keeta. 1940 dey dahake dey akheer atey 1950 dey dahake dey arambh witch, ketaa neey vasnikan dee vaddh rahee ginti daa vikas keeta atey ikk pind toon ikk chhote jihe shehar witch badal giaa. ketaa 1964 witch prefecture seet bann gaee. 1980 dey dahake dey arambh takk, maruthal dey spasht sanket shuru hoow gaye sunn. natije vajon, dasambar 1983 witch ikk vikas yojna utte hastakhar keete gaye sunn jiss witch sarotan dey tikaoo lambe samein dey vikas utte zor ditta giaa see. ketaa project" ikk 16 saala yojna see jiss dey tehat khooh puttan atey faslan dee sinchai atey peenn vaale paanee laee borholan dee khudai keeti gaee. mitty dey khor noon rokann atey khetibadi noon utshahit curran laee rukkh lagaae gaye sunn. 1984 toon 1990 takk, lagbhag zameen noon "mudd prapat" keeta giaa see atey pendu sadkan daa nirman keeta giaa see, jiss laee shehar dey vasnikan noon bhaari mazdoori dee zaroorat see. jansankhiaa. 1977 dee mardamshumari witch, ketaa dee aabadi 3,572 maapi gaee see. 1988 takk, iss dee aabadi vadh keey 6,644 hoow gaee see. 2001 dee mardamshumari witch, ketaa dee aabadi 8,633 see. 2012 takk ih vadh keey 10,631 hoow gaee. ih shehar tuareg lokan daa kendra haii, joe aale duaale dey khetran toon parvas qarr chukke hunn. 1988 witch ikk adhiaen dey anusar, 10.9 pratishat aabadi sathayi parvasi haii, jiss witch 8.8 pratishat mausami parvasi hunn. arthvivastha atey buniaadi dhancha. ketaa witch khetibadi mukkh kitta haii, atey nedley talaa (varatman witch sukka) neey baag deeaan faslan atey bajre dey vikas witch sahaita keeti. halanki tamaske iss khetar witch vanaj daa ikk vadda kendra haii, keeta witch kujh karigaran daa utpadan haii. lohe dee kamm curran daa abhiaas keeta jaanda haii, jiven kii bastiwadi qaal dey ant takk khannan keeta jaanda see. shehar witch ikk buss station haii. ketta witch bijli dee seemat matra haii. 150 w dey transmitter vaala ikk community radio station 1998 witch ketaa witch sathapat keeta giaa see. ketaa ikk sival court daa sathaan haii. shehar witch buniaadi dhanche dee sabh toon vaddi samassiaa bahut maadi medical dekhbhal haii. iss toon ilava, 46 pratishat aabadi cole peenn vaala saaf paanee naheen haii. prasidh lock. niger dey sabka videsh mantri ichato baulama kaane daa janam 1955 witch ketaa witch hoiaa see. judvan shehar. pesaro, itali noon ketta naal jodiaa giaa haii, italian vikas ferm dee pahilkadmi witch joe ketta witch kamm kardi haii.

keyitaa, naigar keetaa naigar-deshasya ekam nagaram samudaim cha asti. etat taahauvaa-pradeshasya ketaa-vibhaagasya rajadhani asti, 2012 tamavarshaparyantam asya janasankhyaa 10,631 asti. bhoogolah. keetaa-nagaram rashtrarajadhanyaha niyaame-nagarasya eeshanyadishi sthitam asti. idam nagaram ardhashushka-sahel-nagare asti, durbhikshena cha shankitah asti. keetaa-pradesha idevaaran, lisaavan, maulaa iti mandaleshu vibhaktah asti. itihaasah. keetaa 1913 tame varshe kenton ityasya "shafe-leeyu" abhavat. 1917 tame varshe italian-adhikruta-libyaa-deshe sthitah tuaareg-vidrohinah nagaram aakraamy luntayan, kenton-pramukhah afadandan-ichava ityanena saha aneke janaah maaritaah. asya aakramanasy parinaamen french-deshasya saphalah prati-aakramanah abhavat. 1940 tamasya dashakasy ante 1950 tamasya dashakasy aarambhe cha keetaa-nagare adhikasankhyakaah nivaasinah vikasitaah, gramat laghunagare parivartitaah cha abhavan. keetaa 1964 tame varshe prantasya peetham abhavat. 1980 tamasya dashakasy aarambhe marusthaleekaranasy spashtaani lakshanani aarabdhaani aasan. parinaamatah 1983 december-maase vikasayojana hastaksharita, yasmin samsadhananam dirghakalinam vikaasasya mahattvam dattam. keetaa-pariyojanaa" iti 16 varsheeya-yojanaa aasit, yasya parinaamen sasyanam sechartham, peyajalartham cha kupan khananm, borhole-ityasya khananm cha krutam. mruttikaaksharanaat nivaarayitum, krushim pravardhayitum cha vrukshaah ropitaani. 1984 taha 1990 paryantam praayah bhoomih "punahpraaptah" abhavat, graminamarganam nirmanam cha krutam, yasya krute nagarasya nivaasinah mahatim shramam apekshynt. janasaamkhyikee. 1977 janaganananusaram keetaa-nagarasya janasankhyaa 3,572 iti mapayita. 1988 tamavarshaparyantam asya janasankhyaa 6,644 yaavat vardhitaa aasit. 2001 janaganananusaram keetaa-nagarasya janasankhyaa 8,633 aasit. 2012 tamavarshaparyantam 10,631 yaavat vardhitaa. idam nagaram tuaareg-jananam kendram asti, ye paritah kshetraih pravaasam akurvan. 1988 tame varshe ekasyaah adhyayanasya anusaaram, janasankhyaayaah 10.9 pratishatam sthayee-pravaasinah santi, yatra 8.5 pratishatam rutuvyaapee-pravaasinah santi. arthavyavasthaa tathaa aadhaarabhotasamrachanaa. keetaa-pradeshe krushihi mukhyah vyavasaayah asti, tathaa cha sameepasthah kundah (samprati shushkah) udyaana-sasyanam, bajara-dhanyasya cha vruddhim sugamm krutavaan. yadyapi tamaske iti asmin pradeshe vaanijyasya bruhattamaa kendram asti tathaapi keetaa-pradeshe kechan shilpakaraha utpaadayanti. loha-kaaryam prachalati, tathaiva aupaniveshika-kaalasy antaparyantam khannam aasit. asmin nagare bassthaanakam asti. keetaa ityatra vidyudutpaadanam seemitam bhavati. 1998 tame varshe keetaa-nagare 150 doubleu-transmitter yukttam samudayika-radio-kendram sthaapitam. keetaa-nagaram nagarika-nyayalayasya sthalam vartate. nagarasya bruhattameshu moolasaukaryeshu samasyasu anyatamah atyantam durbalah chikitsaa-sevaa asti. tadatiriktam, 46 pratishatam janasankhyaayaah swaccham peyajalam naa praapyate. ullekhaneeyaah janaah. naigar-deshasya poorvavideshamantree aichaato baulama kaane ityasya janma 1955 tame varshe keetaa-nagare abhavat. yugmanagaraani. pesaaro, itaali-deshe keetaa-nagare karyam kurvataam italian-vikasa-samsthaayaah upakrame keetaa-deshena saha yugmitah asti.

keetta, naijar keetta enbathu naijaril ulla oru nagaram mattrum commune aagum. idhu dahova piraanthiyaththirkul keida thuraiyin thalaynagaramaagum, maelum 2012 aam aandu nilavarappadi 10,631 makkal thogaiyaik kondullathu. puviyiyal. keetta thaesiya thalaynagaraana niyaamiyin vadakizhakkil amainthullathu. inththa nagaram arai varanda sahaelil ullathu, maelum panjaththaal achuruththappattullathu. keetta idevaaran, lisawan mattrum moulaa maavattangkalaaka pirikkappattullathu. varalaaru. 1913 aam aandil keida idhae peyarilaana canton "sef-liu" aanaar. 1917 aam aandil, itaaliya aakiramippu libiavai thalamaagak konda dwarek kilarchchiyaalargal nagaraththaith thaakki sooraiyaadinar, canton thalaivar afathandan isawa udpada palaraik kondranar. inthath thaakkuthal pirenchukkaararkalin vetrtrikaramaana ethir thaakkuthalukku vazhivaguththathu. 1940kalin pirpaguthiyilum 1950kalin murpaguthiyilum, keetta makkal ennikkai adhigariththu oru kiraamaththilirunthu oru siriya nagaramaaga maariyathu. keetta 1964 ill maagaanaththin irukkaiyaaka maariyathu. 1980kalin murpaguthiyil, paalaivanamaakkalin thelivaana arikurigal thodangkina. idhan vilaivaaga, 1983 disambaril oru maempaattuth thittam kaiyezhuththaanathu, idhu valangkalin nilaiyaana neenda kaala valarchchiyai valiyuruththiyathu. keetta thittam" enbathu 16 aandu thittamaagum, idhu payirkalukku neerppasanam mattrum kudineer vazhangkuvatharkaaga kinarugal thoanduvatharkum aazhthulai thulaikal thoanduvatharkum vazhivaguththathu. mann arippaith thadukkavum, vivasaayaththai maempaduththavum marangkal nadappattana. 1984 muthal 1990 varai, kittatthatta nilam "meettedukkappattathu" mattrum graamappura saalaigal kattappattana, nagaraththil vasippavarkalidamirunthu adhiga uzhaippu thevaippattathu. makkalthogai. 1977 makkal thogai kanakkeduppinpadi, keidaavin makkal thogai 3,572 aaga alavidappattathu. 1988aam aandalavil, adhan makkal thogai 6,644 aaga uyarnthathu. 2001aam aandu makkal thogai kanakkeduppinpadi, keidaavin makkal thogai 8,633 aaga irunththathu. 2012aam aandu nilavarappadi idhu 10,631 aaga uyarnthathu. inththa nagaram suttriyulla paguthikalilirunthu kudipeyarntha dwarek makkalin maiyamaaga ullathu. 1988aam aandu nadatthappatta oru aaivinpadi, makkal thogaiyil 10.9 sathaveetham paer niranthara pulampeyarnthoar, 8.8 sathaveetham paer paruvagaala pulampeyarnthoar aavar. porulaathaaram mattrum ulkattamaippu. keidaavil vivasaayam mukiya thozhilaagum, maelum arugilulla kulam (tharpoothu varandullathu) thoattap payirkal mattrum siruthaaniyangkalin valarcchikku uthaviyathu. tamaske ippaguthiyil oru periya varththaga maiyamaaga irunththaalum, keidaavil sila kaivinaignargal urpaththi seikiraargal. kaalanitthuva kaalaththin iruthi varai surangap panikal nadaimuraiyil irunthathaip poalavae irumbuth thozhilkalum nadaimuraiyil ullana. inththa nagaraththil oru paerunthu nilaiyam ullathu. keidaavil kuraindha alavu minsaaram ullathu. 1998 aam aandil keidaavil 150 doublue transmitteruden oru samooga vanoli nilaiyam niruvappattathu. keidaavil oru sivil neethimandraththin thalam ullathu. nagaraththin migapperiya ulkattamaippu pirachchanaikalil ondru migavum moasamaana maruththuva paramarippu aagum. maelum, makkal thogaiyil 46 sathaveetham paerukku sutthamaana kudineer kidaippathillai. kurippidatthakka nabarkal. naigar naattin munnaal veliyuravu mandhiri aichadoa bowlamaa kaanae 1955 aam aandil keidaavil piranthaar. irattai nagarangal. besaro, itali keidaavudan irattai ullathu, keidaavil seyalpadum itaaliya maempaattu niruvanaththin munmuyarchiyil.

keata, niger keata naijarlooni oka pattanam mariyu commune. idhi tahouwa praantamloo keata vibhaagaaniki rajadhani, mariyu 2012 natiki 10,631 mandhi janabha kaligi undhi. bhougolikam. keata dhesha rajadhani niyaameku eshaanyamlo undhi. eee pattanam pakshika-shushka sahel loe undhi, karuvu valla muppu ponchi undhi. keata idevaran, lisavan mariyu moulela jillaluga vibhajinchabadindi. charitra. 1913loe keata adhe paerutoe unna canton yokka "cheff-liu" gaa maarindi. 1917loe, italian aakramita libialo unna tuvereg tirugubaatudaarulu nagarampai daadi chesi dochukunnaru, canton cheef afadandan ichavato sahaa aneka mandhi maraninchaaru. eee daadi frenchivaari vijayavantamaina eduru daadiki daariteesindi. 1940la chivaralo mariyu 1950la praarambhamlo, keata perugutunna nivaasitulanu abhivruddhi chesi, oka graamam nundi oka chinna pattanamgaa maarindi. keata 1964loe prefecture sthaanamgaa maarindi. 1980la praarambhamlo edaareekaranaku spashtamaina sankethaalu prarambhamayyayi. phalitamgaa, 1983 decemberlo vanarula sthiramaina deerghakaalika abhivruddhini nokki cheppe abhivruddhi pranaalikapai santakam cheyabadindi. keata project" anedi 16 samvatsaraala pranaalika, idhi pantalaku neetipaarudala mariyu taguneeti kosam baavulu travvadaaniki mariyu boreholes travvadaaniki daariteesindi. matti kothanu nivaarinchadaaniki, vyavasayanni prothsahinchadaaniki chetlanu nataru. 1984 nundi 1990 varaku, daadaapu bhoomini "tirigi swaadheenam" chesukuni, graameena rahadaarulu nirminchabaddaayi, pattana nivaasula nundi bhaarii shrama avasaram. janabha. 1977 janabha lekkala prakaram, keata janabha 3,572 gaa kolustaaru. 1988 natiki, daani janabha 6,644 kii perigindi. 2001 janabha lekkala prakaram, keata janabha 8,633.2012 natiki idhi 10,631 kii perigindi. eee pattanam chuttupakkala praantaala nundi valasa vacchina tuvereg prajalaku kendramgaa undhi. 1988loe jarigina oka adhyayanam prakaram, janabhalo 10.9 saatam mandhi shaashwata valasadaarulu kaga, 8.8 saatam mandhi kaalaanuguna valasadaarulu. aardhika vyavastha mariyu moulika sadupayalu. keyitaalo vyavasayam pradhana vrutti, mariyu sameepamloni cheruvu (prastutam podigaa undhi) thota pantalu mariyu chirudhanyala perugudalaku dohadapadindi. tamaske eee praantamloo pedda vaanijya kendram ayinappatikee, keyitaalo kontha hastakalaakaarula utpatti undhi. valasarajyala kaalam chivari varaku ganula tavvakam maadirigaane inupa pani kooda aacharinchabadutundi. eee pattanamlo oka bus station undhi. keata parimita mottamlo vidyuttunu kaligi undhi. 1998loe keyitaalo 150 doubleu transmitter kaligina community radeo station sthaapinchabadindi. keyitaalo sivil kortu undhi. nagaramlo atipedda moulika sadupayala samasyalalo okati chaalaa paelavamaina vaidya samrakshana. adanamgaa, janabhalo 46 saatam mandiki swachchamaina taaguneeru andubaatulo ledhu. pramukha vyaktulu. niger maajee videsanga mantri ichatou boulama cohn 1955loe keyitaalo janminchaaru. janta pattanaalu. pesaro, italii, keyitaalo panichese italian abhivruddhi samstha choravatho keyitaatho jantagaa undhi.

kitaa niger kitaa niger kaa eek qasbah aur kamyun hay. yaha tahuva kay elaqay mein mohkamah kitaa kaa darulhukumat hay aur 2012 takk iss kii aabadi 10,631 hay. geografiya. kitaa qomi darulhukumat niyami kay shamaal mashriq mein waaqa hay. yaha qasbah neem khashak saahil mein hay aur qahat kaa khatrah hay. kitaa kuu adiwaran leswan aur molla azlaa mein taqsim kiyaa gayaa hay. tareekh. kitaa 1913 mein asee naam kay canton kaa "sheef liyo" bunn gayaa. 1917 mein atalvi zeer qabzah libiya mein maqeem tawareeg baghiyon nay shehar parr hamlah kiyaa aur loat maar kii jiss mein canton kay sarbarah afdandan achawa sameet kayee afraad halaak how gayey. iss hamlay kay natijay mein franseesiyon nay kamiyab jawabi kararwai kii. 1940 kii dahayi kay aakhir aur 1950 kii dahayi kay awail mein kitaa nay baashindon kii badhti hoyee taadad kuu farogh diyaa aur eek gaaon say eek chhotay say qasbey mein tabdil how gayaa. kitaa 1964 mein prefecture kii nashast bunn gayee. 1980 kii dahayi kay awail takk sahra kay waazah aasaar sharoo how chakay thay. iss kay natijay mein dasambar 1983 mein eek tarqiyati mansubay parr dastakhat kiye gayey jiss mein wasail kii payedar taweel madti tarqi parr zoor diyaa gayaa. kitaa project" eek 16 saalah mansubah thaa jiss kay tahat faslon kii aabpashi aur pinay kay paani kay liye kanwein khoodnay aur bour houl kii khoodni kii gayee. mutty kay katao kuu roknay aur zaraat kuu farogh deenay kay liye darkhat lagaye gayey. 1984 say 1990 takk taqriba zameen kuu "dobarah haasil" kiyaa gayaa thaa aur deehi sadkein tameer kii gayein jinn kay liye shehar kay baashindon say bhaari mahnat darkaar thee. aabadi. 1977 kii mardam shumari mein kitaa kii aabadi 3,572 naapi gayee thee. 1988 takk iss kii aabadi badh kirr 6,644 how gayee thee. 2001 kii mardam shumari mein kitaa kii aabadi 8,633 thee. 2012 takk yaha badh kirr 10,631 how gayee. yaha qasbah tawareeg logon kaa markaz hay juu aas paas kay elaqon say hijrat kirr chakay haine. 1988 mein kii gayee eek tehqeeq kay mutabiq 10.9 faisad aabadi mustaqil tarkeen watan hay jiss mein 8.5 faisad mosami tarkeen watan haine. maeshat aur bunyadi dahancha. kitaa mein zaraat bunyadi paishah hay aur qareebi talaab (phee alhaal khashak) nay baagh kii faslon aur bajra kii nashonuma mein sahulat farahim kii. agarcha tamaske khatay mein tajarat kaa eek badaa markaz hay leakin kitaa mein kachh karigar paidawar hay. lohay kii kaaree kii jaati hay jaisa kahh nawabadiyati door kay ikhtatam takk kaan kanee kii jaati thee. shehar mein eek buss station hay. kitaa mein bajli kii maqdar mahdud hay. 1998 mein kitaa mein 150 dabliyo kay transmitter kay saath eek community redio station qayem kiyaa gayaa thaa. kitaa eek soul court kaa maqaam hay. shehar mein bunyadi dahanchay kay sabb say baday masail mein say eek intehayi naqis tabee deekh bhaal hay. iss kay alawah 46 faisad aabadi kuu pinay kay saaf paani takk rasayi haasil nahein hay. qaabil zakar loag. niger kay saabiq wazeer khaarjah aichato bolama kaanay 1955 mein kitaa mein paida hoay thay. jadwaan shehar. paiso atlee kitaa kay saath jadwaan hay atalvi tarqiyati farm kii pehal mein juu kitaa mein kaam karti hay.

000197eed0c6df83906fb372f22737ccc5468b4527d2d35a279543e7e6e2666c

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1864259

Dot Moore

Dot Moore Dot Moore (May 15, 1914 – May 23, 2007) was an American TV personality and "ambassador" to the stars for 46 years from Mobile, Alabama. Her long broadcasting career spanned four talk show incarnations, numerous trips to the east and west coasts of the United States, and dozens of conversations with television and motion picture stars. Early years. Dot Moore was born in Pensacola, Florida, and her family moved to Mobile when she was 12. Dorothy "Dot" Fillette had a dedication on becoming an actress at a young age. One indication was her attempt at imitating movies such as those featuring Joan Crawford, whom Dot viewed on days when she voluntarily skipped school. Eventually she concluded that theater didn't have a particular lure, even though she managed to perform on stage locally. Dot's interests to perform before an audience would resurface during her years on television, as it gave her an easy, yet natural feeling. Before fulfilling her lifelong dreams, Moore would finish her schooling at Leinkauf Elementary and Murphy High School before her first job as a secretary close to her father, who was in the steamship business. She next worked in the registrar's office at the University of Alabama Expansion Center, sharpening her future interview skills in the process. While at the university, Dot was offered a place in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers office in downtown Mobile and the U.S. Air Force office at Brookley Field. The investigative position at the Air Force office came shortly after she married Baltimore native Robert Joseph Miller. Her husband died from tuberculosis, leaving Dot and two-year-old year son Bobby behind. Following her husband's death, Dot opened "Dot's Dress Shoppe" on Springhill Avenue establishment. There, Dot met the two women who would introduce her to the radio and television business, a radio personality going on vacation and Connie Bea Hope who invited Dot over to her television show. Five years after Bob Miller's death, Dot met her second husband, Lon Stephens Moore of Missouri, when a friend invited him over to her Dauphin Street home. Again, illness would halt Dot's marriage, and the two people Mr. Moore knew very briefly were left alone again. Weeks after a period of mourning, Dot went back to work after finding a job at the same radio station that introduced her to broadcasting, WABB. The half way point. Dot Moore was a receptionist at WABB in 1958, a position under the Mobile Register-owned station that would lead to speaking before a wide radio audience with her low tone voice, earning the liking of one WABB announcer. Radio and TV commercials, including a televised March of Dimes public service announcement featuring Moore as a donor would earn her something more than a year after working for WABB and WKAB radio, the daily half-hour program "Channel 10 Kitchen" on WALA-TV after the previous chef had to leave for health reasons. Dot, however, was not a cook. WALA's solution was to find a professional chef and let Moore assist before the viewers. Dot also got the last remark in the program's live commercials sponsored by General Electric. Even after retirement, Dot was not very fond of cooking herself, yet up until the very end of her career, she was still seen speaking to her cooking guests in the studio kitchen. Dot managed to keep her son well nourished on something as easy to prepare as tuna fish casserole, in which Bobby would joke about at times. After the cooking show contract was finished, Dot returned to radio as a commercial copy writer in the WALA radio traffic department. There were also times when the TV side of the building called upon Dot for their commercials or public service spots. She was fired after a dispute with the new radio manager over paperwork that violates broadcasting rules in general. Termination gave Dot time to free-lance in media during the early 1960s. In this busy period of trying to stay in Gulf Coast media and keeping things well at home, Dot was contacted by a WALA-TV announcer who wanted her to co-host the station's new program "Poolside" from the Admiral Semmes Hotel in downtown Mobile. Dot accepted the job and continued to expand her horizons, creatively and physically. After a successful run of "Poolside", Dot returned to free-lancing, including some work for Gayfer's department store and their commercials for Pensacola station WEAR-TV. Just when Dot was getting ready to step out of the public eye after a week of commercials and public appearances in Pensacola, a friend employed at WALA stopped by the Gayfer's store to deliver her some good news. A new afternoon talk show of her very own was set to premiere on the following Monday, with all the guests booked for that week. On May 14, 1963, "Dot Moore & Company" went the air between noon and 12:30 pm. The radio manager who had fired Dot was eventually fired shortly after learning of her return from his TV counterpart. Viewers from south Mississippi to the Florida panhandle also got to see Dot help WALA cover Mobile's Mardi Gras Day celebration for 33 years. Ten years after "Dot Moore & Company" went on the air, Dot was given an on-air partner named Danny Treanor and the show became known as "Gulf Coast Today" in 1973. The 9:00 a.m. program following NBC's "Today" continued with this format for the next four years until Dot regained the position of host and producer of the show. In September 1979, "Gulf Coast Today" began airing once a week before it again bore Dot's name. "The Dot Moore Show" would remain on WALA's schedule well into the 21st century. Moore and the stars. Over her career, Moore met numerous wealthy and famous people for TV interviews, which was quite easy for journalists and TV personalities during a time before satellite became a common way of conducting interviews. Out of all the people she's met, it was former Pensacola resident and friend Leif Erickson of the NBC western "The High Chaparral" who helped keep Dot's relationship with the network's stars alive for years to come. With such a Hollywood connection came a few roles on television, including Erickson's program and the show "Movin' On" with Claude Akins, another one of Dot's many guests ("Movin' On" was filmed on location once in Mobile and its surrounding areas). Besides people, Dot had an encounter with a Bengal tiger and its trainer, which went through fairly well despite a wet moment that would make Johnny Carson and the monkey he encountered laugh. All good things would come to an end in 1985, when NBC ended Moore's flights to visit the famous and must settle with the network's newly installed satellite technology to keep in touch, but there were exceptions. Art Linkletter and Jock Mahoney were Dot's first celebrated guests three weeks into her show's run. The "People Are Funny" emcee and the "Yancy Derringer" star happened to be in Mobile the same day. Ed McMahon made a visit to Mobile for the America's Junior Miss national finals in May 1973, plus he made a stop at WALA to appear on Moore's tenth anniversary show on May 14. "And now, here's Dottie!" was Ed's introduction for his friend Dot as she was getting ready to go on the air, which came as such a surprise that it never made it into the show's taping. Later years. During the 1990s, Moore's Sunday community service program and fourth incarnation had a greater focus on public affairs figures than interviews with the stars. Despite her lessening presence over WALA-TV, which swapped its 43-year affiliation with NBC for Fox in 1996, Dot continued to tell people about her days of traveling outside Mobile. Hundreds of photos featuring her and the people she had met over the years served as a visual aid. Longtime viewers have noticed various changes in Dot's hairstyle and color since appearing on television. During her years under the eyes of sponsors, there were times when they wanted a blonde, brunette, or redheaded lady on the air. Dot would pay for her own hairstyle around 1994. Another surprise Dot had for her viewers were a pair of knee high boots from California, which had the WALA switchboard lit up by those interested in her footwear. Death. "The Dot Moore Show" went on the air for the last time on July 11, 2004, less than a week after Moore had a car accident. According to many Mobile residents, including friend and fellow local media personality Uncle Henry, this accident was the reason for Dot's retirement and move to Montgomery, Alabama. When she died, US Representative Jo Bonner honored Moore in the Congressional Record. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

dott mur dott mur (15 mey, 1914-23 mey, 2007) ejon aamerikan television byoktitwo aaru mubail, alabamar poraa 46 bosor dhori tarkar "embesadar" aasil. teur digholiya xomprosar keriyar sarita tok swo 'owotar, aamerika juktorastror pubo aaru poschim upokuloloi oxongkhyo bhromon, aaru television aaru solsitro tarkaxokolor xoite dozon dozon kothupkothonor bhitorot bistrito aasil. jetiya teur mrityu hoisil, aamerikar protinidhi ju bob 'naare teur smritik xonman jonaisil jitu congressor obhilekhot prowex koraa hoisil. prarombhik bosorbur. teu fluoridar pensakular jonmo hoisil aaru teur poriyaltu 12 bosor boyoxot mubailoloi sthanantorito hoisil. dodd "ruthi" dott "philete teur juwo monn aaru soku egoraki obhinetri huwar uporot nirbhor korisil. etaa ingito aasil teur june crafordor dore solositroxomuh onukoron korar prochesta, jaak teu swessai bidyaloy eri juwar dinburot dott dekhe. owoxexot teu ei xiddhantot uponeet hoisil je theater kunu bixex prolubhon nasil, jodiu teu sthaniyobhabe monchot poriwexon koriboloi xokhyom hoisil. televisionot teur bosorburot dorxokor aagot poriwexon korar baabe dotor aagroh punor udbhob hoh 'bob, kiyonu ee teuk ek xohoj, tothapiu swabhabik onubhob disil. jiwanjura xopun puron korar aagote, mure steamswip byowoxayot thoka teur deutakor ghonistho xosibo hisape prothom sakorir aagote linkof prathomik aaru marphy haiskulot schoolia xikhya xomapto korisil. iyar pisot teu alabama xomproxaron kendror biswobidyaloyor ponjiyonkarir karzaloyot kaam korisil, ei prokriyat teur bhobisyotor xakyatkaror dokhyota tikhno korisil. biswobidyaloykhonot thokar xomoyot, dotok iut etaa sthan diya hoisil.ess. sohoror kendrostholot thoka engineeror karzaloy aaru eu. e.-too thoka xena bahini.ess. brokli fieldot thoka bayu xenar karzaloy. bayu xenar karzaloyot onuxondhani sthiti teu bultimuror sthaniyo robert juseph milarok biyaa korar kichu xomoyor pisote aahisil. teur swami jokhma rugot akranto hoi mrityuboron korisil, aaru teur pisfale aasil dui bosoriya putro bobi. swamir mrityur pisot, dott-e springhill avenue protisthanot "dots dress swop" khulisil. taat dotor dujon mohilak log paisil jiye taik readyo 'aaru television byowoxayor xoite porisoy koraisil, ejon readyo' byoktitwo ji sutit goi aasil aaru kuni bee hoop jiye dotok teur television swo 'loi aamontron jonaisil. bobo milaror mrityur paas bosoror pisot, dott teur dwitiyo swami, lo 'noo stephens mur off misourik log paisil, jetiya ejon bondhuwe teuk teur daufin street ghoroloi aamontron jonaisil. punor, rugtuwe dotor bibah bondho kori dibo, aaru duyujon manuh srijut. mure janisil je oti komm xomoyor baabe punor okole eri diya hoisil. xukor kichu xoptahor pisot, dott eketa readyo 'stationot sakori bisari puwar pisot kamoloi ubhoti goisil ji teuk xomprosaror xoite porisoy koraisil, waab. aadha poth bindu. mur 1958 sonot waabot ejon obhyorthonakari aasil, mubail rejistar-malikanadhin stationor odhinot etaa podd ji teur nimno sworor konthosworor xoite ek bistrito readyo 'dorxokor xonmukhot kotha patiboloi netritwo disil, ejon waab ghuxokor posondo orjon korisil. readyo 'aaru tibhi bigyaponxomuh, zo' too dimes rajohuwa xewar ek television march aase zo 'too murok daata hisape dekhuuwa ghuxonatuwe waab aaru wakabo readyo' too kaam korar ebosorotkoiu odhik xomoy uparjon koribo, waala-tibhit doinik aadha ghontar karzoxusi "senel 10 rondhonxala" purbor rondhonxilpiye swasthyojonito karonot eri jaabo logaa hoisil. kintu dott ejon randhoni nasil. waalar xomadhan aasil ejon pesadari randhoni bisari uliuwa aaru dorxokor aagot murok xohay koriboloi diya. xadharon boidyutikor pristhopuxokotat programtur live bigyaponot dott-e xex montobyotu paisil. owoxoror pisotu dott nijei rondha-borha koriboloi besi bhaal puwa nasil, tothapiu teur karrier xexoloike, teu studio 'ror pakghorot teur rondha-borha koraa otithixokolor xoite kotha kuwa dekha goisil. dott-e taair putrok tunaa maasor kesarulor dore prostut koriboloi xohoj kiba etaar uporot bhaldore pusto kori rakhiboloi xokhyom hoisil, zo 'too bobi ketiyaba koutuk korisil. rondhon onusthanor sukti xomapto huwar pisot, dott waala readyo 'trephic bibhagoto banijyik kopi lekhok hisape readyo' loi ubhoti aahisil. enekuwa xomoy aasil jetiya ottalikatur tibhi pokhyoi teulukor bigyapon baa rajohuwa xewar sthanor baabe dott ono koo 'ley. xadharonote xomprosaror niyom ulonghon koraa kagoj-potrok loi notun readyo 'menejaror xoite huwa bibador pisot teuk borkhasto koraa hoisil. 1960-ror doxokor aarombhonite xomaruhor folot xongbad madhyomot mukto-prosarok dott time diya hoisil. upoxagoriyo upokulor xongbad madhyomot thakiboloi aaru ghorot bostubur bhaldore rakhiboloi chesta korar ei byosto xomoisuwat, dotor xoite ejon waala-tibhi ghuxoke jugajug korisil jiye teuk stationor notun karzoxusi "poolside" xoho-host koriboloi bisarisil downtownor mubailot admiral sems hutelor poraa. dott-e sakoritu grohon korisil aaru sristixilbhabe aaru xaririkbhabe nijor digonto xomproxaron kori thakil. poolside" ror xofol poribortonor pisot, dott free-lancingot ghuri aahisil, jaar bhitorot gefaror department sto 'ror baabe kichu kaam aaru pensakula stationor weyar-tibhir baabe teulukor bigyapon ontorbhukto aasil. thik jetiya dott jonoswarthor poraa aatori jaboloi xaju hoi aasil, exoptahor bigyapon aaru pensakulat rajohuwa uposthitir pisot, walat niyujit ejon bondhuwe taik kichu bhaal khobor diboloi gefaror dukanot roisil. taar nijor etaa notun duporiyar tok swo 'poroborti xumbare primiyar koriboloi nirdharon koraa hoisil, xei xoptahor baabe xokolu otithi book koraa hoisil. 1963 sonor 14 mey 'too "dott mur endo company" duporiyar poraa 12:30 p-ror maajot prosarito hoisil.em. teur tibhi xomokhyor poraa teu ubhoti ohaar kotha gom puwar kichu xomoyor pisote dott fired koraa readyo 'menejarjonok owoxexot borkhasto koraa hoisil. dokhyin misixippir poraa fluorida penhandeloloike dorxoke dott help waala kobhar mubailor mardy grach dibox udjapon 33 bosor dhori saboloi paisil. dott mur endo company" botahot ohaar doh bosoror pisot, dotok danny trainur naamor etaa ono-eyar ongxidar diya hoisil aaru 1973 sonot onusthantu "aajir upoxagoriyo upokul" hisape jonajat hoisil.em. eno. bi. chi.-ror "tude" onuxoron koraa programtu poroborti chaari bosor dhori ei formator xoite obyahot aasil jetiyaloike dott xur host aaru projujokor sthan punor laabh koraa nasil. 1979 sonor septembor maahot, "upoxagoriyo upokul aaji" punor dotor naamor aagote xoptahot ebaar xomprosarito hoh 'boloi aarombho korisil. "dyo dott mur swo" ekbingxo xotikaloike waalar xusit thakibo. bindu aaru tarkaxomuh. teur keriyarot, mure tibhi xakyatkaror baabe oxongkhyo dhoni aaru bikhyat lukok log paisil, jitu setelight xakhyatkar onusthito korar ek xadharon upay huwar aagote xangbadik aaru tibhi byoktitwor baabe jothesto xohoj aasil. teu log puwa xokolu manuhor bhitorot, eno. bi. chi.-ror poschimiya "dyo haai supperal"-ror prakton pensakula baxinda aaru bondhu leif erikchon aasil jiye aagontuk bosorburoloi networkor tarkar xoite dotor xomporko jiyai rokhat xohay korisil. ene hollywod xongzugor xoite televisionot keitaman bhumika aahisil, jaar bhitorot aasil irikchonor karzoxusi aaru klo 'dodd ekinxor xoite "mubhin' ono" swo ', dotor bohutu otithir bhitorot aan etaa ("mubhin' ono" ebaar mubail aaru iyar aaxe-paxe thoka oncholot owosthanot sitrogrohon koraa hoisil). manuhor uporiu, dotor etaa bengal baagh aaru iyar proxikhyokor xoite mukhamukhi hoisil, ji jononi karson aaru teur xonmukhin huwa bandortur haahir sristi koraa etaa bhija muhurtor pisotu jothesto bhaal hoisil. 1985 sonot xokolu bhaal bostur onto poribo, jetiya eno. bi. chi.-ye bikhyat thaikhon bhromon koriboloi muror biman bondho korisil aaru jugajugot thakiboloi networkor notunkoi sthapon koraa upogroho projuktir xoite nispotti koribo lagibo, kintu iyar byotikrom aasil. kolar linklater aaru jo 'koo maahoni aasil dotor prothom bikhyat otithi ji teur onusthanor dourot tini xoptahor bhitorot aasil. manuhbur haisyorxatmok" emsi aaru "yansi deringer" tarkatu eketa dinote mubailot aasil. aid macmohon 1973 sonor mey 'maahot aamerikar juniyor miss nesnel finalor baabe mubail bhromon korisil, logote teu 14 mey' too muror doxom barxiki swo 'too uposthito hoh' boloi walat roi goisil. "aaru etiya, iyat dotty!"teur bondhu dotor baabe edor porisoy aasil jetiya teu botorot jaboloi xaju hoi aasil, jitu ene ek aasorit bixoy aasil je ee ketiyau swo 'ror tappingot porinot huwa nasil. pisor bosorburot. 1990-ror doxokot, muror deubare xamuhik xewa karzoxusi aaru soturtho owotarot tarkar xoite xakhyatkar luwatkoi rajohuwa bixoyor byoktitwor uporot odhik gurutwo diya hoisil. waala-tibhit teur uposthiti hraax huwar swotweu, ji 1996 sonot eno. bi. chi.-ror xoite iyar 43 bosoriya xomporko xoloni korisil, dott-e mubailor bahirot bhromon korar dinburor bixoye manuhok kuwa obyahot rakhisil. teu aaru teur xoite bosor bosor dhori log puwa lukoxokolok dekhuuwa xo xo photuwe ek drishyo xohayok hisape kaam korisil. dirghodin dhori dorxoke televisionot dekha puwar pisot dotor sulir xoili aaru rongot bibhinno poriworton lokhyo korise. teur bosorburot pristhopuxokolor sokur tolot, ene xomoy aasil jetiya teuluke botahot egoraki xunali, shyamoli baa ronga muror mohila bisarisil. dott 1994 sonor aaxe-paxe teur nijor sulir xoilir baabe dhon dibo lagisil. teur dorxokxokolor baabe aan etaa aasorit bindu aasil californier aathur ukh butor etaa juraa, zo 'too teur jutar proti agrohixokole waala swisbordtu joluwaisil. "dyo dott mur swo" 2004 sonor 11 julyte xexbaror baabe xomprosarito hoisil, muror gaari durghotona huwar exoptahotkoiu komm xomoyor pisot. bondhu aaru sthaniyo xongbad madhyomor byoktitwo kaaka henorike dhori bohutu mubail baxindar mote, ei durghotonatu dotor owoxoror kaaron aasil aaru montgumeriloi sthanantorito hoisil. 2007 sonor 23 mey 'too alabamar montgomerit tekhetor mrityu hoy.

dott moor dott moor (15 meey, 1914-23 meey, 2007) ekjon markin television byaktitto ebong mobail, alabama theke 46 bochor dhorey tarokader "rashtroduto" chhilen. taanr deergho samprachar karmajiban charti tock shoe abotar, markin juktorashtrer purbo oo poschim upokule asankhya bhromon ebong television oo cholochchitro tarokader saathe koyek dozon kothopokothon judey bistrito chhilo. jokhon tini maaraa zaan, tokhon markin protinidhi jooe bonner taanr smritike somman zanan jaa congresser recorde probesh koreche. prathomik bochorguli. tini floridara pensacola shohore jonmogrohon corren ebong taanr poribar 12 bochor boyse mobailer dike choley yaay. dorothy "dott" phillet taar torun monn ebong chokh abhinetri howar dike rekhechilo. ekti ingito chhilo joone crofforder moto chalachchitraguli anukaran korar prochesta, jeguli tini swechchai school chhede yawar dingulite dekhechilen. abosheshe tini eyi uposonghare pouchon jey, monche konao bishesh akarshan chhilo naa, jodio tini sthaniyobhabe monche abhinoy korte perechilen. televisione taar bochorgulite dorshokder saamone abhinoy korar jonno dott-err agroho punorutthito hobey, kaaron etty taake ekti sahaj, tobuo swabhabik anubhuti diyechilo. taar ajibon swapno puron korar agey, moor taar babar ghonistho sachib hisabe taar prothom kaajer agey lincuff prathomik ebong marfi uchcho bidyalaye taar school shesh korten, jini bashpiya byabosai chhilen. erpor tini alabama vishwavidyalaya samprasaran kendrer registrarer office kaaj corren, ebong eyi prokriyay taanr bhabishyater sakkhatkarer dokkhotake teekkhno corren. bishwobidyaloye thakakalin, dotke eu-teey ekti sthan deoa hoyechilo.esha. shohorer kendrosthole mobail ebong eu-teey engineerder offices.esha. brookley fielde biman bahinir karjaloy. baltimore sthaniya basinda robbert josepha millerke biye korar alpo kichudin porei biman bahinir karjalaye anusandhani abosthan aase. taar swami yakshmai akranto hoye maaraa zaan, ebong dui bochor vayasi chhele babike pichhone feley zaan. taar swamir mrityur porr, dott springhill avenue protisthane "dott 'shha dress shop" khulechilo. sekhane dott-err dekha hoy dui mohilar sange, jaaraa taake redio ebong television byabosar sange porichoy koriye dito, ekjon redio byaktitto jini chhutite jachchilen ebong coney bii hope jini dott-keey taar television shote amantran janiyechilen. bobb miller mrityur panch bochor porr, dott taar dwitiya swamir saathe dekha korey, misaurir ekaki stephens moor, jokhon ekjon bondhu taake taar daufin streeter barite amantran jaanaay. abar, oshusthota dott err biye bondho korey debe, ebong dui manush mih. moor janten jey khub alpo somoyer jonno abar ekaa hoye gechen. shoker koyek saptaha porr, dott ekoi redio statione chakri khunje pawar porey kaaje firey zaan jaa taake somprocharer saathe porichoy koriye deyo, dub. ardhek point. muor 1958 saale wab-ayee ekjon abhyarthanakari chhilen, mobail rejistara-malikanadhin stationer adhine ekti abosthan jaa taar nimno sware kanthaswar soho ekti bistrito redio dorshokder saamone kotha bolar dike porichalito koroto, ekjon wab ghoshoker pochondo orjon koroto. redio ebong tibhi biggapon, jaar modhye royeche dimes public servicer ekti television march, jekhane murke daata hisabe dekhano hoyeche, wab ebong dablu. keey. ayee. bii radiote kaaj korar eka bochorero beshi somoy dhorey taake uparjan korbe, oyala-tivite daeenik ordho-ghanta programa "channel 10 rannaghar" ager shefke swasther karone choley jete hoyechilo. kintu, dott ekjon randhuni chhilen naa. waller samadhan chhilo ekjon peshadar randhuni khunje berr koraa ebong dorshokder saamone murke sahajyo koraa. general electric dwara sponsor koraa programer live biggapone dott shesh montobyoo peyechilo. abosar grohoner poreo dott nize ranna korte khub ekta pochondo korten naa, tobuo taanr kormojiboner shesh abodhi, taanke studior rannaghare taanr rannar atithider saathe kotha bolte dekha giechilo. dott taar chheleke tuna machher casseroler moto prostuto korar moto sahaj kichute bhalbhabe pushto rakhte perechilo, jekhane bobby majhe majhe rasikata koroto. rannar anusthaner chukti shesh howar porr, dott oyala redio traphika bibhage banijyik anulipi lekhok hisabe radiote firey asen. emono somoy chhilo jokhon bhabaner tibhi pokkho taader biggapon baa jonosebar sthaner jonno dott ono dakto. sadharonbhabe somprocharer niyam langghan korey emon kagajpatra niye notun redio manager saathe birodher porey taake borkhasto koraa hoyechilo. 1960-err doshoker godar dike samapti ganomadhyome mukto-lanske dott time diyechilo. uposagoriyo upokuler ganomadhyome thucker ebong barite jinisguli vall rakhar eyi byasto somoye, dotke ekjon oyala-tibhi ghoshak jogajog korechilen jini cheyechilen jey tini shohorer kendrosthole admiral sames hotel theke stationer notun programa "poolside" soho-hosta korben. dott kaajti grohon korey ebong srijanshilbhabe ebong sharirikbhabe taar diganta prosarito korte thaake. poolside"-err sofol chaalnar porr, dott geffer department storer jonno kichhu kaaj ebong pensacola steshana paridhan-tibhir jonno taader biggapon soho phri-lancing-ayee firey aase. thhik jokhon dott eka saptaher biggapon ebong pensacola-teey jonosadharoner uposthitir porey jonosadharoner chokh theke beriye aasaar jonno prostuto hachchilo, tokhon walla nijukto eka bondhu geffer dokane taake kichhu vall khobor deoar jonno thamiye deyo. porer sombar taar nijer ekti notun bikele tock shoe premiere korar jonno prostuto koraa hoyechilo, seii saptaher jonno samasta atithider book koraa hoyechilo. 1963 saaler 14ee meey, "dott moor anned company" dupur theke 12:30 pii-err modhye batase choley yaay.emm. jey redio manager dott fayara korechilo taake taar tibhi protipokkher kachh theke taar firey aasaar khobor jaanar porei abosheshe borkhasto koraa hoyechilo. dakkhin misissippi theke florida panhandle porjonto dorshokera 33 bochor dhorey dott help oyala cover mobailer mardy grass deey udjapon dekhte peyechen. dott moor anned company" somprocharito howar dosho bochor porr, dotke danny trainor naame ekti ono-aire angshidar deoa hoyechilo ebong 1973 saale anusthanti "aaz uposagoriyo upokul" hisabe porichito hoye othe.emm. enn. bii. shee-rawr "toode"-err poroborti programti poroborti chaar bochor dhorey eyi binnaser saathe abyahoto chhilo jotokkhon naa dott shoyer hosta ebong projojoker abosthan punoruddhar korey. 1979 saaler septembore, "aaz uposagoriyo upokul" saptahe ekbar somprocharito hotey shuru korey, err agey etty abar dott naame porichito hoy. "dott moor shoe" ekbingsho shatabdi porjonto bhalbhabe waller samaysuchite thakbe. bindu ebong tarkara. taar kormojibone, moor tibhi sakkhatkarer jonno asankhya dhonee ebong bikhyato manusher saathe dekha korechilen, jaa satellite sakkhatkar porichalonar ekti sadharan upay hoye othar agey sangbadik ebong tibhi byaktittoder jonno besh sahaj chhilo. taar dekha haoya samasta loker modhye, etty chhilo pensacola-rawr praktan basinda ebong nbc-rawr poschima "hye chapperal"-err bondhu leif ericson, jini agami bochorgulite networker tarokader saathe dott-err somporkoke jeebito rakhte sahayata korechilen. eyi dharaner hollywood sangjoger saathe televisione koyekti bhumika aase, jaar modhye royeche eriksoner anusthan ebong clode ackinser saathe "movin 'ono" anusthan, dott-err onek atithider modhye arekti ("movin' ono" mobail ebong taar ashepasher elaka ekbar chitrayit hoyechilo). manush chharao, dott ekti bengal tiger ebong taar proshikkhoker saathe mukhomukhi hoyechilo, jaa ekti vije muhurta sotteo motamuti bhalbhabe ketechilo jaa johnny curson ebong taar mukhomukhi haoya banortike hasiye tulat. 1985 saale samasta vall jinis shesh hoye jeto, jokhon nbc bikhyato poridorshon korar jonno murer flightguli shesh korey ebong jogajog rakhte networker notun install koraa upogroho prajuktir saathe aboshyoi nishpotti korte hobey, tobey byatikram chhilo. art linklater ebong jock mahni dott-err prothom bikhyato atithi chhilen taar shoe-err daude tinn saptaha. manush mojar" emsi ebong "iancy derringer" tarka ekoi diney mobailer modhye chhilo. edd mcmohon 1973 saaler meey maase americar junior miss national finaler jonno mobail vigit korechilen, ebong 14 meey murer dasham barshiki shote uposthito howar jonno tini walla thamen. "ebong ekhon, ekhane dotty!"taar bondhu dott-err jonno edd-err bhumika chhilo jokhon seey somprochare yawar jonno prostuto hachchilo, jaa etotai abak korey diyechilo jey etty kokhonyi shoyer tappingye porinoto hoyney. porer bochorgulo. 1990-err doshke, murer robibarer sampradai porisheba karmasuchi ebong choturtho abotar tarokader sakkhatkarer cheye jonosadharoner bishoyer upor beshi monojog diyechilo. oyala-tivite taar uposthiti hrass pawa sotteo, jaa 1996 saale shialer jonno enn. bii. shee-rawr saathe taar 43 bochorer sangjukti poriborton korechilo, dott taar mobailer baire bhromoner dinguli somporke manushke bolte thaake. taanr ebong bochorer porr bochor dhorey taanr sange dekha haoya byaktider niye tola shoto shoto chhobi ekti drishya sahayak hisabe kaaj koreche. televisione aasaar porr theke dirghodiner dorshokra dott-err chuler style ebong ronge bivinno poriborton lakkhya korechen. taar bochorgulite sponsorder chokhe, emon somoy chhilo jokhon taaraa batase ekti swarnakeshi, shyamali baa laal matha bishishto mohilake cheyechilo. dott 1994 saaler dike taar nijer hairstyler jonno ortho pradan koroto. taar dorshokder jonno arekti chamakprada bindu chhilo californier eka jodaa hantu unchu boot, jaa taar jutor proti agrohider dwara oyala suichboard alokito koraa hoyechilo. "dya dott moor shoe" seshbarer moto somprocharito hoyechilo 2004 saaler 11ee julai, murer gaadi durghotonar eka saptahero qama somoyer modhye. bondhu ebong sthaniya ganomadhyomer byaktitto caca henry soho onek bhramyoman basinder motey, eyi durghatanati dott-err abosar grohoner ebong montgomeri choley yawar kaaron chhilo. tini 2007 saaler 23shhey meey alabamar montgomeri-teey maaraa zaan.

dooat moor dooat moor (15 meey, 1914-23 meey, 2007) aek american television vyaktitva aneey mobile, alabamamathi 46 varsh sudhee taarao maate "embassador" hataa. temnee laambi prasaaran kaarkirdimaa chaar toqa shho avtaaro, united statesnaa purv aneey pashchim dariyakanthani asankhya yaatrao aneey television aneey motion picture stars saatheni dozneck vaatchitono samaavesh thaay chhe. jyaare teneenu avsaan thayu, tyaare us pratinidhi jooe bonare teneeni yaadne sanmanit curry jeey kongresnaa rekordmaan dakhal karvaamaa aavee chhe. praarambhik varsho. teneeno janm floridana pensacola khaate thayo hato aneey jyaare tenee 12 varshnee hatee tyaare teneeno parivaar mobile taraf valyo hato. dorothi "dooat" philete teneenu yuvan munn aneey aankho abhinetri banvaa parr seeta curry hatee. aek sanket aee hato keey joona crofford jevee filmonu anookaran karvaano temno prayaas hato, jeey temane svechchhae shaala chhodi deedhi teey divasomaa joyaa hataa. aakhare teneeae taaran kaadhyu keey theatrema koee chokkas aakarshan nahotu, tema chhataa teey sthaaneek stare munch parr pradarshan karvaamaa safal rahee hatee. television parr tenaa varsho darmiyan prexako pharii ubharee aave teey pahelaa pradarshan karvaanee dotnee ruchee, kaaran keey tenaathi teneene aek saral, chhataa koodarti laagani malee hatee. teneena aajivan sapnaaone purn kartaa pahelaa, moor tenaa pitani najiknaa sacheev tarikeni pratham nokri pahelaa linkaf praathmeek aneey murphy uchch shaalaama teneenu shaalaakiy shikshan purn karashe, jeo varaal jahajna vyavsayma hataa. tyarbad temane alabama universityna vistaran kendramaa nondhani adhikarini kachereema kaama karyoo, aaa prakriyaamaa temnee bhaavi mulakatni kushalataane tikshna curry. jyaare universityma, yuu. maan dotne sthaan aapvama aavyu hatoo.aesa. downtown mobile aneey yuu. aesa. maan armie corps off angineersnee offices.aesa. brookley filled khaate havaai dalnee kacheree. baltimorena vatnee roobert joseph miller saathe lagna karyaana thodaa samay pachhi havaai dalnee kachereema tapasni sthitee aavee hatee. temnaa patee kshay rogthee mrutyu pamya hataa, aneey dooat aneey beey varshnaa putra bobine paachhal chhodi gayaa hataa. tenaa patinaa mrutyu pachhi, dotte springhill aevanyu sthaapnaa parr "dotnee dress shopa" kholee. tyaan, dooat beey mahilaaone malee jeey teneene rediyo aneey television vyavsaay saathe parichay karaavati hatee, aek rediyo vyaktitva jeey vacation parr jaee rahee hatee aneey koonee bii hoopa jene dotne tenaa television shomaa aamantran aapyu hatoo. boob millernaa mrutyunaa paanch varsh pachhi, dooat tenaa beeja patee, loona stephen moore off misaurine malyo, jyaare aek mitre tene tenaa daffin street homamaa aamantran aapyu. fareethi, beemari dotnaa lagnane atkavi deshe, aneey beey loko shree. moor jaantaa hataa keey teo thodaa samay maate fareethi ekalaa rahee gayaa hataa. shoknaa thodaa athvadiya pachhi, dooat aee jaj rediyo station parr nokri shodhine kaama parr paachha faryaa jene temne prasaaran saathe parichay karaavyo, dub. adadhaa maarg bindu. moor moor web khaate receptionist hataa, jeey mobile register-malikina station hethalnee sthitee hatee, jeey tenaa neecha avaaj saathe vishaal rediyo prexako samaksh bolvaa taraf doree jashe, aneey aek web udghoshakni pasandagi melavashe. rediyo aneey tivi jaaherato, jemaa daataa tareeke moorne darshaavati diams jaaher sevani jaaheratno television march pann saamel chhe, teey wab aneey doubleu. keey. aee. bii. rediyo maate kaama karyaa pachhi aek varsh karataa vadhu kamaani karashe, jeey dainik adadhaa kalaakno kaarykram "chenal 10 kitchen" chhe, jeey agaauna rasoiyane swaasthyanaa kaaranosar chhodvu padyu hatoo. joke, dooat rasoiya nahota. vaalaano ukel aek vyaavsaayik rasoiya shodhvaano aneey moorene darshakoni saame madad karvaano hato. general electric dwara prayojit kaarykramni jivant jaheratoma pann dotne chhelli tippani malee hatee. nivrutti pachhi pann, dotne jaate rasoi banaavvaano bahoo shokh nahoto, tema chhataa teneeni karkidrina anta sudhee, tenee studiyo rasodama tenaa rasoi mahemaano saathe vaat karatee jovaa malatee hatee. dooat tenaa putrane tunaa phisha kesarol jevee saral vastu parr saaree reete poshan aapvama safal rahee, jemaa bobby ketalikvaar majaak karato hato. rasoi kaarykramno karaar puuro thayaa pachhi, dooat vaalaa rediyo traphiqa vibhagma vyaavsaayik nakal lekhak tareeke rediyo parr paachho faryo. aek samay aevo pann hato jyaare imaaratni tivi bajuae temnee jaaherato athavaa jaaher sevaa sthalo maate bolavvama aavtaa hataa. saamanya reete prasaranna niyamonu ullanghan karatee kaagalni kaaryvaahine laeene navaa rediyo manager saathe vivaad thayaa baad teneene bartaraf karvaamaa aavee hatee. hatee daaykaani sharuaatmaa samaaptiae midiyaamaa mukt-bolchaalne dooat time aapyo hato. gulph coast midiyaamaa rahevaano prayaas karvaanaa aneey vastuo ghare saaree reete rakhvana aaa vyast samaygalama, dotno sampark aek vaalaa-tivi udghoshak dwara karvaamaa aavyo hato, jeey ichchhata hataa keey teey downtown mobilemaa admiral sames hotelmathi stationna navaa kaarykram "poolside" noon saha-aayojan karey. dotte nokri sweekari aneey sarjanatmak aneey shaaririk reete potaani hadone vistrut karvaanu chaalu raakhyu. poolside" nee safal kamgiri pachhi, dooat free-lensing parr paachho faryo, jemaa gaffernaa department store maate ketlaak kaama aneey pensacola station vair-tivi maateni temnee jaaherato saamel chhe. jyaare aek athvadiyani jaaherato aneey penscolama jaaher dekhaav pachhi dooat lokonee najarmathi bahaar nikalvaa maate taiyar thaee rahyo hato, tyaare vaalaa khaate kaaryarat aek mitra gafferni dukan paase tene ketlaak saaraa samachar aapvaa maate rokaayo. aagaami somvaare teno potaano aek navo baporno toqa shho premiere karvaa maate taiyar hato, jemaa teey athvadiya maate tamaam mahemanoae book karaavyu hatoo. 14 meey, meey roj, "dooat moor anned kampani" bapore aneey 12:30 p vachche prasaarit thayu.aema. rediyo manager keey jene dooat fayara karyo hato tene tenaa tivi samkaksh pasethi teneena parat farvani jaana thayaa pachhi toonk samayma bartaraf karvaamaa aavyo hato. dakshin mississipithi florida panhandle sudhinaa darshakone pann 33 varsh sudhee dooat help vaalaa cover mobilenaa mardy graas divasni ujavani jovaa malee hatee. dooat moor anned kampani" prasaarit thayaana dass varsh pachhi, dotne denny trainer naamno ona-air partner aapvama aavyo hato aneey aaa shho meey "gulph coast toode" tareeke jaanito banyo hato. savaare 9 vaagye.aema. anbcna "toode" neey anusarato kaarykram aagaami chaar varsh sudhee aaa swaroop saathe chaalu rahyo jyaan sudhee dotae shonaa yajmaan aneey nirmatanu sthaan paachhu melavyu nahee. september september, "gulph coast toode" noon prasaaran athvadiyama aek vaar sharoo thayu hatoo, teey pahelaa tenu naam fareethi dooat naamthi nondhayu hatoo. "dhaa dooat moor shho" shho" sadee sudhee valana samaypatrak parr raheshe. bindu aneey taarao. temnee karkirdi darmiyan, moor tivi interview maate asankhya shrimant aneey prakhyaat lokone malyaa hataa, jeey satellite interview levani saamanya reet bunny teey pahelaa patrakaaro aneey tivi hasteeo maate ekdam saral hatoo. tenee jeey lokone malee chhe temathi, teey pensacola nivasi aneey nbc pashchimi "dhaa haai chapperal" naa mitra leaf ericson hataa jemane networkna taarao saathena bindunaa sambandhne aagaami varsho sudhee jivant rakhvama madad curry hatee. aavaa hollywood jodaan saathe television parr ketalik bhoomikao aavee, jemaa eriksanno kaarykram aneey claude ekins saathe "movin 'ona" kaarykramno samaavesh thaay chhe, jeey dotnaa ghanaa mahemanomano aek chhe ("movin' ona" aekvaar mobile aneey tenee aaspasna vistaroma sthaan parr filmavvama aavyu hatoo). loko upraant, dotno bangaal vaagh aneey tenaa trainer saathe mukabalo thayo hato, jeey bheeni kshan hovaa chhataa ekdam saaree reete pasaar thayo hato, jeey johnny carson aneey tene malelaa vaandaraane hasavshe. hasavshe badhee saaree baabtono anta aavee gayo hato, jyaare nbca prasiddh sthalnee mulakat levaa maate moornee udaanono anta aanyo hato aneey samparkma rahevaa maate networknee navee sthaapit upgrah takneek saathe samadhan karavu padyu hatoo, parantu temaa apvaado hataa. aart linklator aneey jock mahonee temnaa shonaa trana athvadiya pachhi dotnaa pratham prakhyaat maheman hataa. loko ramuji chhe" aemsee aneey "yansi darringer" staar teey jaj divase mobilemaa hataa. aeda mcmohan meey meey americani juniyar miss national final maate mobileni mulakat leedhi hatee, upraant temane 14 menaa roj moornaa dasmaa varshgaanthnaa karykrama jovaa maate vaalaa khaate veeram leedho hato. "aneey havey, aheen dotty chhe!"aedno parichay tenaa mitra maate hato kaaran keey teey prasaarit thavaa maate taiyar thaee rahee hatee, jeey aetalu aashcharyajanak hatoo keey teey kyaarey shonaa tappingma sthaan paamyu naa hatoo. pachhinaa varsho. varsho daaykaa darmiyan, moornaa ravivaarnaa saamudaayik sevaa kaarykram aneey chothaa avtaarmaa taarao saathena interview karataa jaaher babtonaa aankadao parr vadhu dhyaan kendrit karvaamaa aavyu hatoo. hatoo aena. bii. see. saathe tenaa 43 varshnaa jodanne foakes maate badalnaar vaalaa-tivi parr tenee haajari ochhi thaee hovaa chhataa, dotae lokone mobileni bahaar musafari karvaanaa tenaa divaso vishe janavvanu chaalu raakhyu. tenee aneey varshothi teneene malelaa lokone darshaavtaa senkado fotaa drashya sahaay tareeke kaama kartaa hataa. laambaa samaythi darshakoae television parr dekhaata pachhi dotnee hairstyle aneey rangmaa viveedh ferfaro joyaa chhe. prayojakoni najar hethalnaa temnaa varsho darmiyan, aek samay aevo pann hato jyaare teo suniyojit, shyaamal athavaa laal mathavali streene havaamaa jovaa maangtaa hataa. hataa aaspaas dooat tenaa potaana hairstyle maate chukavani karashe. tenaa darshako maate anya aashcharyajanak bindu keliforniyana ghoontan unchaa bootnee jodee hatee, jemaa tenaa footverma rus dharaavtaa loko dwara vaalaa switchboardne prakashit karvaamaa aavyu hatoo. "dhaa dooat moor shho" chhelli vakhat 11 julai, julai roj prasaarit thayo hato, moore kaar akasmaat thayaana aek athvadiya karataa pann ochha samayma. mitra aneey saathee sthaaneek media vyaktitva kaaka henry saheet ghanaa gatisheel rahevasiona janaavya anusaar, aaa akasmaat dotnee nivrutti aneey montgomerryma sthalaantarnu kaaran hatoo. teneenu 23 meey, meey roj montgomerry, alabamama avsaan thayu hatoo.

dott moor dott moor (15 maee, 1914-23 maee, 2007) ack americi television vyaktitva aur mobile, alabama seey 46 varshon key liye sitaaron key liye "rajdoot" they. unake lambe prasaran currier mein chaar tock show avtaar, sanyukt raajya america key poorv aur paschimi taton kii kaee yaatraaen aur television aur motion picture sitaaron key saath darjanon baatchit hui. jaba unaki mrityu hoe gaee, tou americi pratinidhi joe bonner ney unaki smriti koo sammaanit kiya joe congress key record mein darj haye. praarambhik varsh. unakaa janm pensacola, florida mein huaa thaa aur unakaa parivaar 12 saal kii umr mein mobile mein chalaa gayaa thaa. dorothy "dott" phillet kaa yuva dimag aur nazaren ack abhinetri banane parr theen. ack sanket thaa kii johnn crofford jaisi filmon kii nakal karane kaa unakaa prayaas, jinhen una dinon dekhaa jaataa thaa jaba unhone swechha seey school chhod diyaa thaa. antatah unhone nishkarsh nikala kii rangmanch mein koee vishesh pralobhan naheen thaa, bhale hii vaha sthaaniya roop seey munch parr pradarshan karane mein kamyab rahee. television parr unake varshon key dauran darshakon key saamane pradarshan karane key liye dott kii ruchi phir seey saamane aaegi, kyonki isase unhein ack aasaan, lekin swabhavik bhavna millie. apane jeevan bhar key sapanon koo puuraa karane seey pahale, moor apane pitaa key karibi sachiv key roop mein apani pahali naukari seey pahale lincaff praathamik aur marfi uchch vidyalaya mein apani schooly shiksha poori karati, joe bhaap vyavasaay mein they. isake baad unhone albama vishvavidyalaya key vistaar kendra mein panjiyak key karyalaya mein kaam kiya, iss prakriya mein apane bhavishya key sakshatkar kaushal koo tej kiya. vishvavidyalaya mein rahate hue, dott koo yuu mein ack sthaan kii peshkash kii gaee thee.aiss. shahar key mobile aur yuu mein engineeron key sainya dall kaa karyalaya.aiss. brookley feeled mein vayu senaa karyalaya. vayu senaa karyalaya mein khoji sthiti baltimore key mool nivasi robbert joseph miller seey shaadi karane key turant baad aaee. unake pati kii mrityu tapedik seey hui, aur way dou saal key bete bobby koo peechhe chhod gaye. apane pati kii mrityu key baad, dott ney springhill avenue pratishthaan parr "dott kii dress shop" kholi. vahaan, dott una dou mahilaaon seey millie joe unhein radio aur television vyavasaay seey parichit karaayengi, ack radio vyaktitva joe chhutti parr jaa rhaa thaa aur conny bee hope jisane dott koo apane television show mein aamantrit kiya. bobb miller kii mrityu key paanch saal baad, dott apane dusare pati, lone stephen moore off misauri seey millie, jaba ack dost ney usey apane doufin street ghar mein aamantrit kiya. phir seey, bimari dott kii shaadi koo roque degi, aur donon loga shree. moor koo pataa thaa kii bahut cumm samay key liye phir seey akele reh gaye they. shoke kii avadhi key kuchh hafton baad, dott usee radio station mein naukari khojane key baad kaam parr vaapas chalaa gayaa, jisane usey prasaran, wabb seey parichit karaaya. aadhe raaste kaa bindu. moore 1958 mein wab mein ack receptionist they, joe mobile register-swaamitva vaale station key tahat ack sthiti thee joe apani cumm aavaaz key saath ack vyaapak radio darshakon key saamane bolane key liye prerit karati thee, jisase ack wab udghoshak kii pasand arjit hoti thee. radio aur tv vigyaapan, jisamen ack daataa key roop mein moore kii visheshta vaali saarvajanik seva kii ghoshana kaa ack television march bhee shamil haye, usey wab aur wkab radio key liye kaam karane key ack saal seey adhik samay taka kuchh kamaaya jaayega, dainik aadhe ghante kaa karyakram "channel 10 kitchen" vaalaa-tv parr pichhale shafe koo swaasthya karanon seey chhodana padaa thaa. halanki, dott ack rasoiya naheen thaa. vaalaa kaa samadhan ack peshevar rasoiya dhoondhana aur darshakon key saamane moor koo sahaayata denaa thaa. dott koo general electric dwara praayojit karyakram key live vigyapanon mein bhee antim tippani millie. sevaanivritti key baad bhee, dott koo khud khaana pakaane kaa bahut shauk naheen thaa, phir bhee apane currier key anta taka, vaha abhee bhee studio rasoi mein apane khaana pakaane vaale mehmaanon seey baat karati hui dekhi gaee thee. dott apane bete koo toona machhali key kesrol key roop mein taiyar karane key liye aasaan cheez parr achchi tarah seey poshit rakhane mein kamyab rahee, jisamen bobby kabhi-kabhi majaak kartaa thaa. khaana pakaane key karyakram kaa anubandh samaapt honey key baad, dott vaalaa radio yatayat vibhaag mein ack vaanijyik pratilipi lekhak key roop mein radio parr laut aaya. ack samay aisaa bhee thaa jaba imarat key tv paksh ney apane vigyapanon yaa saarvajanik seva sthalon key liye onn dott kaa ahwan kiya thaa. samanya roop seey prasaran niyamon kaa ullanghan karane vaale kagji kaarravaai koo laker nae radio prabandhak key saath vivaad key baad unhein nikaal diyaa gayaa thaa. 1960 key dashak kii shuruat mein media mein samaapti ney mukt-bolchal koo dott time diyaa. khaadi tata media mein rahane aur cheejon koo ghar parr achchi tarah seey rakhane kii koshish karane kii iss vyast avadhi mein, dott seey ack vaalaa-tv udghoshak dwara sampark kiya gayaa thaa joe chaahata thaa kii vaha station key nae karyakram "poolside" kii saha-mejbani shahar key mobile mein admiral sames hotal seey karey. dott ney naukari sweekaar curr lii aur rachanaatmak aur shaaririk roop seey apane kshitij kaa vistaar karna jaari rakhaa. poolside" key safal pradarshan key baad, dott free-lancing mein laut aaya, jisamen geffer key department store key liye kuchh kaam aur pensacola station wear-tv key liye unake vigyaapan shamil they. jaba ack saptah key vigyapanon aur pensacola mein saarvajanik upasthiti key baad dott janata kii nazar seey baahar nikalane key liye taiyar hoe rhaa thaa, taba vaalaa mein kaaryarat ack dost ney usey kuchh achchi khabar dene key liye geffer kii dukaan seey roque diyaa. agale somwar koo unakaa apana ack nayaa dopahar kaa tock show premiere key liye taiyar kiya gayaa thaa, jisamen sabhi mehmaanon ney usa saptah key liye book kiya thaa. 14 maee, 1963 koo, "dott moor aind company" dopahar aur 12:30 p key beach havaa mein chalaa gayaa.aim. radio prabandhak jisane dott fayer kiya thaa, usey apane tv samkaksh seey usaki vaapsee key baare mein jaanane key turant baad nikaal diyaa gayaa. dakshin mississippi seey laker florida panhandel taka key darshakon koo 33 varshon taka mobile key mardy grass divas samaroh koo dott help vaalaa cover karane kaa mauka milaa. dott moor aind company" key prasaarit honey key duss saal baad, dott koo danny trainer naam kaa ack onn-air partner diyaa gayaa aur yeh show 1973 mein "aaj khaadi tata" key roop mein jaanaa jaane lagaa.aim. aine. bee. see. key "aaj" key baad karyakram agale chaar varshon taka iss praarup key saath jaari rhaa jaba taka kii dott ney show key mezban aur nirmaata kii sthiti koo phir seey hassil naheen curr liya. sitambar 1979 mein, "gulf coast tude" kaa prasaran saptah mein ack baar shuru huaa, isase pahale kii yeh phir seey dott kaa naam leey. "dha dott moor show" 21veen sadee mein bhee vaalaa key karyakram mein rahega. bindu aur sitaare. apane currier key dauran, moor ney kaee ameer aur prasiddh logon seey tv sakshatkar key liye mulakat kii, joe upgrah sakshatkar aayojit karane kaa ack aam tarika banane seey pahale key samay mein patrakaron aur tv hastiyon key liye kaafee aasaan thaa. jinn logon seey vaha millie haye, unamen seey yeh aine. bee. see. paschimi "hyee chapral" key poorv pensacola nivasi aur dost leaf ericson they, jinhone aaney vaale varshon taka network key sitaaron key saath dott key sambandh koo jeevit rakhane mein madad kii. iss tarah key hollywood connection key saath television parr kuchh bhoomikaaen aaeen, jinamen ericson kaa karyakram aur clod ekins key saath show "movin 'onn" shamil thaa, ack aur dott key kaee mehmaanon mein seey ack ("movin' onn" koo mobile aur usake aspas key kshetron mein ack baar sthaan parr filmaya gayaa thaa). logon key alawa, dott kaa ack bangal bagh aur usake prashikshak key saath saamana huaa, joe ack geele kshan key bavjood kaafee achchi tarah seey chalaa gayaa, jisase johnny carson aur bandar koo hansee aaee. 1985 mein sabhi achchi cheejen samaapt hoe jaayengi, jaba nbc ney prasiddh yatra key liye moor kii udaanon koo samaapt curr diyaa aur sampark mein rahane key liye network kii naee sthaapit upgrah praudyogiki key saath samjhauta karna hoga, lekin apavaad they. art linklator aur jock mahoni unake show key teen saptah key pahale prasiddh mehmann they. loga mazedaar hain" ammy aur "yancy derringer" starr usee dinn mobile mein huaa. aid mcmohan ney maee 1973 mein america key junier miss national final key liye mobile kaa daura kiya, saath hii unhone 14 maee koo moor kii dasavin varshgaanth key show mein dikhaai dene key liye vaalaa mein ack padaav banaaya. "aur abb, yahaan dotty haye!"aid kaa parichay unake dost dott key liye thaa kyonki vaha prasaran parr jaane key liye taiyar hoe rahee thee, joe itna ashcharya kii baat thee kii yeh kabhi bhee show key tapping mein naheen aaya. baad key varshon mein. 1990 key dashak key dauran, moor key ravivaar samudayik seva karyakram aur chauthe avtaar mein sitaaron key saath sakshatkar kii tulanaa mein saarvajanik mamalon key aankadon parr adhik dhyaan diyaa gayaa thaa. 1996 mein aine. bee. see. key saath apani 43 saal kii sambaddhata koo badalkar walla-tv parr apani upasthiti cumm honey key bavjood, dott ney logon koo mobile key baahar yatra karane key apane dinon key baare mein bataana jaari rakhaa. una logon kii saikadon tasveeren joe unhein aur jinn logon seey way varshon seey millie theen, ack drishya sahaayata key roop mein kaam karati theen. lambe samay seey darshakon ney television parr dikhaai dene key baad seey dott key kesh vinyas aur rung mein vibhinn parivartan dekhe hain. prayojakon kii najaron mein unake varshon key dauran, ack samay thaa jaba way havaa mein ack sunhare, shyamali yaa laal sir vaali mahila chaahte they. dott 1994 key aspas apane swayam key kesh vinyas key liye bhugtan karati thee. unake darshakon key liye ack aur ashcharya bindu california key ghutane key oonche booton kii ack jodee thee, jisamen unake jooton mein ruchi rakhane vaalon dwara vaalaa switchboard koo rotion kiya gayaa thaa. "dha dott moor show" aakhiri baar 11 julaai, 2004 koo prasaarit huaa, moore kii kaar durghatana key ack saptah seey bhee cumm samay baad. dost aur saathi sthaaniya media vyaktitva ankal heinry sahit kaee mobile nivaasiyon key anusaar, yeh durghatana dott kii sevaanivritti aur montgomeri jaane kaa kaaran thee. 23 maee, 2007 koo montgomeri, alabama mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee.

dott moor dott moor (mayee 15,1914-mayee 23,2007) americada dooradarshanada vyaktitva mattu mobile, alabaamaadinda 46 varshagala kaala nakshatragalige "rayabhari" aagiddaru. aakeya sudirgha prasara vrattijeevanavu naalku tock show avataaragalu, united statesna purva mattu paschima karaavaligalige halavaaru pravaasagalu mattu duradarshana mattu chalanachitra taaregalondige dajangattale sambhashanegalannu vyaapiside. aake maranahondidaaga, yuu. ess. pratinidhi zoo bonner avaru congressina daakhaleyalli daakhalaagiruva aakeya smaraneyannu gouravisidaru. arambhika varshagalu. aake floridada pensakolaadalli janisidaru mattu aakeya kutumbavu aakege 12 varshavagiddaga mobailge sthalaantaragonditu. dorothy "dott" phillet aakeya yuva manassu mattu kannugalannu natiyagalu hondisittu. zaan crouford avarantaha chalanachitragalannu anukarisuva aakeya prayatnavu ondu suchaneyagittu, avaru svayampreraneyinda shaaleyannu toreda dinagalli dott vikshisidaru. antimavagi, avaru sthaliyavaagi vedikeyalli pradarshana needuvalli yashasviyaadaru, rangabhoomiyalli nirdishta akarshaneyilla endu avaru tirmaanisidaru. duradarshanadalli tanna varsagalalli prekshakaru matte kanisikolluvudakkinta modalu pradarshana needuva dotna aasaktigalu, ekendare adhu avalige sulabhavaada, aadare sahajavaada bhavaneyannu needitu. tanna jeevamaanada kanasugalannu nanasu maaduva modalu, moor tanna shaala shikshanavannu leincouff praathamika mattu marfi proudhashaaleyalli poornagolisuttiddalu, modalu steamship vyavahaaradallidda tanna tandeya hattirada karyadarshiyagi tanna modala udyogavannu hondiddalu. munde avaru alabama vishvavidyaalayada vistaranaa kendrada registrar kacheriyalli kelasa maadidaru, ee prakriyeyalli tamma bhavishyada sandarshana kaushalyagalannu tikshnagolisidaru. vishvavidyaalayadalliddaaga, dotge yuu. nalli ondu sthaanavannu nidalaayitu.ess. seenaa dalada enginiyargala kacheri downtown mobile mattu yuu.ess. brookley feeled nalliruva vayupadeya kacheri. baltimore moolada robbert joseph millarnannu aake vivaahavaada swalpa samayada nantara vayupadeya kacheriyalli tanikha sthaanavu banditu. aakeya pathi kshayarogadinda nidhanaraadaru, dott mattu eradu varshada maga babiyannu bittuhodaru. tanna gandana maranada nantara, dott springhill avenue sthaapaneyalli "dots dress shaape" annu tereyitu. allie, dott aakeyannu radeo mattu duradarshana vevahaarakke parichayisuva ibbaru mahileyarannu bhetiyaadaru, rajeyalli hoguttiruva radeo vyaktitva mattu tanna duradarshana kaaryakramakke dott annu aahvaanisida coney bee hoope. baab miller marana hondida aidu varshagala nantara, dott tanna eradane pathi, loane stephens moor off missauriyannu bhetiyaadaaga, sneehitarobbaru avanannu tanna doffin streat manege aahvaanisidaru. matte, anarogyavu dotna maduveyannu nillisuttade, mattu ibbaru vyaktigalu shree. moor avaru matte ekangiyagi ulididdaare endu bahala alpaavadhiyalli tilididdaru. kelavu vaaragala shokacharaneya nantara, dott prasarakke parichayisida adhe radeo kendradalli kelasa hudukida nantara kelasakke maralidaru, wab. ardha daari point. moor moor vabnalli svaagatakaararaagiddaru, idu mobile register-odetanada station adiyalli ondu sthaanavaagiddu, idu tanna kadime dhwaniya dhwaniyondige vyapaka radeo prekshakara munde maatanaadalu kaaranavaayitu, idu obba wab anaunsarna ishtavannu galisitu. radeo mattu duradarshana jaahiraatugalu, diams saarvajanika seveya prakataneya dooradarshanada meravanigeyu moornannu daani endu torisuttade, idu wab mattu wakab rediyodalli kelasa maadida ondu varshakkoo hecchu kaala aakege enannaadaroo galisuttade, hindina banasiga aarogya karanagaligagi horahogabekaayitu. dott, aadaagyoo, adugeyavanalla. vruttipara banasiganannu hudukuvudu mattu vikshakara munde moor sahaaya maadalu avakasha niiduvudu valara parihaaravaagittu. general electric prayojisida kaaryakramada nera jaahiraatugalalli dott koneya tippaniyannu saha padedaru. nivruttiya nantaravoo, dott swatah aduge maadalu hecchu ishtapaduttiralilla, aadaroo tanna vrattijeevanada antyadavaregu, avalu studio adugemaneyalli tanna aduge atithigalondige maatanaaduttiruvudu kandubanditu. dott tanna maganige tuna meenu casarolnantaha sulabhavaagi tayarisabahudada yavudadaro poshakarannu needuvalli yashasviyaadalu, idaralli baabi kelavomme tamashe maaduttiddaru. aduge kaaryakramada oppanda mugida nantara, dott avaru walla radeo sanchara vibhagadalli vanijya nakalu barahagararagi radiokke maralidaru. kattadada dooradarshanada bhagavu tamma jaahiraatugalu athawa saarvajanika sewa sthalagaligaagi dott annu kareyuva sandarbhagaloo iddavu. samanyavagi prasara niyamagalannu ullanghisuva kagadada kelasada bagge hosa radeo vyavasthaapakarondige vivaadada nantara aakeyannu vajaagolisalaayitu. 1960rahra dashakada aarambhadalli madhyamagalalli mukta-pradarshanakke muktaayavu chukke samayavannu needitu. gulf karavali madhyamagalalli uliyalu mattu vishayagalannu chennagi maneyalli irisikollalu prayatnisuva ee kaaryanirata avadhiyalli, dott avarannu walla-tv anaunsar samparkisidaru, avaru downtown mobailnalliruva admiral sems hotelninda nildaanada hosa karyakrama "poolside" annu saha-host maadabekendu bayasiddaru. dott aaa kelasavannu oppikondalu mattu tanna digantagalannu srujanasheelavaagi mattu daihikavagi vistarisuvudannu munduvaresidalu. poolside" naa yashasvi otada nantara, dott gayfern department storgagi kelavu kelasagalu mattu pensacola station ware-tivigaagi avara jaahiraatugalannu olagondante free-lancinge maralidaru. pensakolaadalli ondu vaarada jaahiraatugalu mattu saarvajanika pradarshanagala nantara dott saarvajanikara kannininda horabaralu siddhavaguttiddaga, vaalaadalli kelasa maaduva sneehiteyobbaru gayfern angadiyalli kelavu olleya suddigalannu needalu nillisidaru. mundina somavaaradandu aakeyade aada hosa madhyaahnada tock show annu prathama pradarshana maadalu nirdharisalaayitu, aaa varakke ellah atithigalannu kaaydirisalaayitu. 1963rahra mayee mayee, "dott moor & kampani" madhyahna mattu 12:30 p naduve prasaaravaayitu.emm. dott annu haarisida radeo manager tanna tv pratiroopadinda avalu hindirugida bagge tilida swalpa samayada nantara antimavagi vajaa maadalaayitu. daksina mississippininda florida panhandle varegina vikshakaru dott help walla cover mobilena mardy gross dinada aacharaneyannu 33 varshagala kaala vikshisidaru. dott moor & kampani" prasaaravaada hattu varshagala nantara, dotge danny trainer emba aun-air paludaranannu nidalaayitu mattu ee pradarshanavu 1973 ralli "gulf coast today" endu hesaraayitu.emm. enbc "today" annu anusarisida kaaryakramavu mundina naalku varshagala kaala ee svaroopadondige munduvariyitu, dott kaaryakramada niroopaka mattu nirmapakara sthaanavannu marali padeyuvavarege. 1979rahra septembernalli, "gulf coast today" matte dott hesarannu honduva modalu varakkomme prasaravagalu praarambhisitu. "dhii dott moor show" 21neey shatamaanadavaregu valana velapattiyalli uliyitu. chukke mattu nakshatragalu. tanna vrattijeevanadalli, moor avaru duradarshana sandarshanagaligaagi halavaaru srimanta mattu prasiddha janarannu bhetiyaadaru, idu upagraha sandarshanagalannu nadesuva saamaanya maargavaaguva modalu patrakartaru mattu duradarshana vyaktigalige tumba sulabhavaagittu. aake bhetiyaada ellah generalli, enn. bii. sii. yaya paschima "hye chaparal" naa maaji pensacola nivasi mattu sneehita leaf ericson avaru mundina varsagalalli networkn nakshatragalondige dotna sambandhavannu jivantavagidalu sahaaya maadidaru. antaha hollywood samparkadondige duradarshanadalli kelavu patragalu bandavu, idaralli ericson avara karyakrama mattu claud akinsnondige "movin aun" kaaryakramavu serittu, dotna aneka atithigalalli obbaru ("movin aun" annu omme mobile mattu adara suttamuttalina pradeshagalalli chitrikarisalaayitu). janara jotege, dott bangaalada huli mattu adara tarabetudaararondige mukhaamukhiyaadanu, idu johnny carson mattu avanu edurisida mangavannu naguvante maaduva oddeyaada kshanada horataagiyoo saakashtu chennagi saagitu. saagitu ellah olleya vishayagalu konegondavu, enbc moorna vimaanagalannu prasiddha stalakke bheti needalu konegolisitu mattu samparkadalliralu networkn hosadaagi sthaapisalaada upagraha tantragyaanadondige nelegollabeku, aadare idakke apavaadagaliddavu. art link letter mattu jaak mahoni dott avara pradarshanada mooru vaaragala nantara modala prasiddha atithigalaagiddaru. janaru tamaasheyavaru" emba emmie mattu "yansi derringer" starr adhe dina mobailnalliddaru. edd mcmahan avaru mayee 1973 ralli americada junier miss national fainalgaagi mobailge bheti niididaru, jotege avaru mayee 14 randu moorna hattane vaarshikotsavada pradarshanadalli kanisikollalu vaalaadalli nillisidaru."avalu prasarakke siddhavaguttiddaga tanna friend dotge idu edna parichayavagittu, idu eshtu ashcharyakaravagittendare adhu endigoo kaaryakramada chitrikaranakke baralilla. nantarada varshagalu. 1990rahra dasakadalli, moorna bhaanuvaarada samudaaya sewa karyakrama mattu nalkane avataaravu taareyarondigina sandarshanagaliginta saarvajanika vevahaaragala vyaktigala mele hecchina gamanavannu kendrikarisittu. kendrikarisittu enn. bii. sii. yondige 43 varshagala sambandhavannu foxge badalaayisikondidda walla-tvyalli aakeya upasthiti kadimeyagiddaroo, dott tanna mobile horage prayanisida dinagala bagge janarige heluvudannu munduvaresidalu. aakeya mattu halavu varshagalinda aake bhetiyaada janarannu olagonda nooraru chayachitragalu drashya sahayavagi kaaryanirvahisive. duradarshanadalli kanisikondagininda deerghakaalada vikshakaru dotna keshavinyasa mattu bannadalli vividha badalaavanegalannu gamanisiddaare. prayojakara drashtiyalli aakeya varsagalalli, avaru hombannada, shyamale athawa kempu taleya mahileyannu gaaliyalli bayasida sandarbhagaliddavu. dott 1994rahra sumaarige tannade aada keshavinyaasakke hana paavatisuttiddalu. aakeya vikshakarige mattondu aashcharyakaravaada binduvu californiada ondu jodie monakaalina ettarada bootugalu, adaralli aakeya padarakshegala bagge asakti iruvavaru walla switch board annu belagisidaru. "moor kaaru apaghaatakke olagaada ondu vaaradolage, 2004rahra julai julai "dhii dott moor show" koneya baarige prasaaravaayitu. sneehita mattu sthaliya madhyamada sahavarti vyaktitvada ankal henry seridante aneka sanchari nivasigala prakara, ee apaghaatavu dott avara nivruttiya mattu montgomerige teralalu kaaranavaagide. aake 2007rahra mayee mayee alabaamaada montgomerialli nidhanaraadaru.

dott muur dott muur (meyy 15,1914-meyy 23,2007) oru american television vyakthithvavum mobail, alabamayil ninnu 46 varshatholam thaarangalude "ambasader" aayirunnu. avarude deerghakaala prakshepana jeevitam naalu toock shhow avathaarangal, american aikyanaadukalude kizhakkan, padinjaaran theerangalilekkulla niravadhi yathrakal, television, chalachithra thaarangalumayulla dussen kanakkinu sambhashanangal ennivayiludaneelam vyaapichu. avar marichappol, us prathinidhi joou bonner avarude oormmaye aadarichu, athu kongras recordil rekhappeduthiyittundu. aadyakaala varshangal. floridayile pensacola janicha avarkk 12 vayassullappol kudumbam mobililekk maari. dorothy "dott" fillettinte uvamanassum annukalum oru nadiyaakaan aayirunnu. swamedhayaa school vittupoya divasangalil joonn crofford polulla sinimakal anukarikkanulla avarude sramamaayirunnu oru soochana. praadeshikamaayi vediyil prakadanam nadatthaan kazhinjenkilum theaterinu oru prathyeka aakarshanamillenn avar oduvil nigamanam cheythu. televisionil oru prekshakarkku munnil prakadanam nadathaanulla dottinte thalpparyangal avalkk eluppavum ennaal swaabhaavikavumaaya oru vikaaram nalkiyathinaal avarkk televisionil oru prekshakar veendum prathyakshappedunnathinum athu avatharippikkanulla thalpparyangal undaayirunnu. thante jeevitakaala swapnangal saakshaathkarikkunnathinum, muur leancoff praadhamika, marfi haiskoolil school vidyaabhyaasam poortthiyaakkukayum steamship bisinassilulla thante pithaavinodu aduthulla sekrattariyaayi aadya jolie cheyyukayum cheythu. thudarnnu alabama sarvakalaashaalayile vipuleekarana kendratthile rajistraar offeesil jolie cheytha avar eee prakriyayil thante bhaavi abhimukha vaidagdhyam moorcha koottukayum cheythu. sarvakalashaalayil aayirikkumbol, yuu. esil dottinu oru sthaanam vaagdaanam cheythu.ezz. armi corps oof enchineeyarmaarude oafees dauntaun mobaililum yuu. esilum aanu.ezz. brookley feeldile vyomasenayude oafees. baltimore swadeshiyaaya roobert joseph millare vivaham kazhichathinu thottupinnaleyaanu vyomasena offeesile anweshanaparamaaya sthaanam vannath. avarude bharthaav kshayarogam baadhichu marichu, dotineyum rund vayassulla makan boby upekshichu. bharthaavinte maranathethudarnnu dott springhill avanyoo sthaapanathil "dotts dress shope" thurannu. avidevechu, avadikkaalam chelavazhikkunna radio vyakthithvavum thante television paripaadiyilekku dottine kshanicha cooney bee hoppum aaya radio, television bisinasilekku thanne parichayappedutthunna rund sthreekale dott kandumutty. bob millarude maranathinu anchu varshathinu sesham, oru suhruthu thante dauphin street veettilekku kshanichappol dott thante randaamathe bharthaavaaya loonn steefans moorine kandumutty. veendum, rogam dottinte vivaahathe nirtthum, rund perum mii. valare hraswakaalathekku thanne avar veendum ottaykkaanennu moorinu ariyamaayirunnu. oru kaalayalavile vilaapathin sesham aazhchakalkk sesham, daatt broadcastinginu parichayappedutthiya athe radio steshanil jolie kandethiya sesham joliyilekku madangi. pakuthi vazhi pooyint. 1958ll mobail rajisttar udamasthathayilulla steshanu keezhilulla oru sthaanamaaya vaabil resoptionistaayirunnu muur, athu avalude thaazhnna toonn shabdathode vishalamaaya radio prekshakarkku munnil samsaarikkunnathilekku nayikkukayum oru wab anaunsare ishtappedukayum cheythu. moorine oru daathaavaayi avatharippikkunna oru television march oof diams public sarvees prakhyapanam ulppedeyulla radio, tivi parasyangal, wab, vcab radio ennivayil jolie cheyth oru varshathilere kazhinju avalkk enthengilum sambaadikkum, vaala-tvyile dainamdina araa manikkoor prograam "chaanal 10 kichan" muun shefinu aarogyaparamaya kaaranangalal pokendivannu. ennirunnaalum, dott oru paachakakkaaranaayirunnill. oru professional paachakakkaarane kandethukayum moorine kaazhchakkaarude munnil sahayikkaan anuvadikkukayum cheyyuka ennathaayirunnu vaalayude pariharam. general electric sponsor cheytha prograaminte thalsamaya parasyangalilum dottinu avasana abhiprayam labhichu. viramichathinusheshavum dottinu svayam paachakam cheyyaan valia thaalpparyamundaayirunnil, ennittum kariyarinte avasaanam vare studiyo adukkalayil paachakam cheiyunna athidhikalodu samsaarikkunnath avar kaanapettirunnu. tyoona fish casarol pole eluppathil thayyarakkavunna enthengilum makane nannayi poshippikkaan dottinu kazhinju, athil bobby chilappol thamasha parayumaayirunnu. paachaka paripaadiyude karar poortthiyaaya sesham dott vaala radio traaphik vibhaagathil vaanijya pakarpp ezhuthukaaranaayi radioyilekku madangi. kettidatthinte tivi vasham avarude parasyangalkko pothu sevana sthalangalkko vendi dott vilicha samayangalum undaayirunnu. pothuvaayi prakshepana niyamangal lamghikkunna paper varkkukalecholli puthiya radio maanejarumaayi tharkkathe thudarnnu avare pirichuvittu. 1960kalude thudakkathil maadhyamangalile swathanthrathaykku avasaanippikkal dott time nalki. gulf theeradesha maadyamangalil thamasikkaanum karyangal veettil nannayi sookshikkaanum sramikkunna eee tirakkeriya kaalaghattatthil, dauntaun mobailile admiral sems hotelil ninnu steshante puthiya prograam "poolside" saha-hostucheyyaan aagrahikkunna oru vaala-tivi anaunsar dotumaayi bandhapettu. dott aaa jolie sweekarikkukayum srishtiparamaayum shaareerikamaayum thante chakravaalangal vipuleekarikkunnath thudarukayum cheythu. poolsaidinte vijayakaramaya pravarthanatthinu sesham, gaferinte department storinaayulla chila jolikalum pensacola steshan ware-tvkayulla avarude parasyangalum ulppede dott free-lansingilekku madangi. pensacola parasyangalum pothuparipaadikalum kazhinju pothujanangalude kannil ninnu purathukadakkaan dott thayyaaredukkumbol, vaalayil jolie cheiyunna oru suhruthu gefarinte kadayil avalkk chila nalla vaarthakal nalkaan nirtthi. adutha thinkalaazhcha aval svanthamaayi oru puthiya uchakazhinju toock shhow pradarshippikkaan theerumaanichirunnu, aaa aazhchayilekku ellah athidhikalum book cheythu. 1963 meyy 14 nuu, "dott muur & kambani" uchaykkum <aii. dii. 1> pii. num idayil sampreshanam cheythu.emm. dott fayar cheytha radio maanejare oduvil thante television kaundarpaarttil ninnu aval madangiyethiyathaayi arinja udan thanne pirichuvittu. southu mississippi muthal florida panhandil vareyulla kaazhchakkaarkk 33 varshamaayi dott help vaala mobailinte mardy grass day aakhosham kaanaan kazhinju. dott muur & kambani" sampreshanam cheyth patthu varshathinu sesham, dottinu daani trainer enna oonn-eyar paartnar nalkukayum 1973 ll "gulf koost tude" ennu ariyappedukayum cheythu. raavile 9 munny.emm. enbisiyude "tude" pinthudarunna prograam adutha naalu varshathekku eee formaattumaayi thudarnnu, shoyude avathaarakanteyum nirmmathaavinteyum sthaanam dott veendedukkunnathuvare. 1979 septambaril, "gulf koost tude" veendum dottinte peru vahikkunnathin munbu aazhchayil orikkal sampreshanam cheyyaan thudangi. "dott muur shhow" 21-aamm noottaand vare vaalayude shedyulil thudarum. nakshathrangalum nakshathrangalum. thante kariyaril, tivi abhimukhangalkkaayi sambannarum prashastharumaaya niravadhi aalukale muur kandumutty, ithu saattalait abhimukhangal nadathunnathinulla oru saadhaarana maargamaayi maarunnathin munbulla oru kaalath pathrapravarthakarkkum tivi vyakthikalkkum valare eluppamaayirunnu. aval kandumuttya ellah aalukalil ninnum, muun pensacola nivasiyum enn. bii. sii vestten "hye chaaparal" enna suhruthumaaya leaf eriksan aayirunnu varum varshangalil netvarkkinte nakshatrangalumaayulla dottinte bandham nilanirthaan sahaayichath. atharamoru hollywood kanakshanodoppam televisionil eriksante paripadiyum claude akinsinoppam "movin oonn" enna paripadiyum ulppede kurachu veshangal vannu, dottinte niravadhi athidhikalil oraalaan ("movin oonn" mobaililum chuttumulla pradeshangalilum orikkal chithreekarichu). aalukalkk purame, oru bangal kaduvayumaayum athinte pariseelakanumaayum dott ettumuttukayum athu johnny carsonineyum avan kanda kurangineyum chirippikkunna oru nananja nimisham undaayirunnittum valare nannayi kadannupoyi. 1985ll enn. bii. sii moorinte vimanangal avasaanippichu prashasthamaaya sthalam sandarshikkukayum netvarkkinte puthuthayi sthaapicha upagraha saankethikavidyayumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthukayum cheythappol ellah nalla kaaryangalum avasanikkum, ennaal athil chila apavaadangalumundaayirunnu. art linklettarum joocq mahoni dottinte shoyude oottathinu moonnaazhcha kazhinjappol aadyathe prashastha athidhikalaayirunnu. aalukal rasakaramaan" enna emcyum "yansi derringer" thaaravum athe divasam mobailil undaayirunnu. 1973 meyy maasathil amerikkayile juuniyar miss naashanal finalinaayi eddu mcmohan mobail sandarshichu, koodaathe meyy 14 nuu moorinte patthaam vaarshika shoyil pankedukkaan addeham vaalayil nirtthi."aval sampreshanam cheyyaan thayyaaredukkumbol eddu thante frond dottinu aamukham nalki, athu orikkalum shoyude tapingle idam nedaattha oru athbhuthamaayirunnu. pinneedulla varshangal. 1990kalil moorinte njaayarazhcha saamoohika sevana paripadiyum naalaamathe avathaaravum thaarangalumayulla abhimukhathekkaal pothu kaaryangalil kooduthal shradha kendreekarichu. 1996ll enbisiyumaayulla 43 varshathe bandham foxinaayi maattiya vaala-tiviyiloodeyulla avarude saannidhyam kuranjuvenkilum, mobilinu purathulla yaathrayude divasangalekkurichu dott aalukalodu parayunnath thudarnnu. varshangalayi avalum aval kandumuttya aalukalum ulkkollunna noorukanakkinu phottokal oru vishwal aidai pravarthichu. televisionil prathyakshappettathinushesha dottinte hairstylilum niratthilum vividha mattangal deerghakaala kazhchakkaar shradhichittundu. sponsarmaarude kannil avarude varshangalil, oru svarnnaniramulla, shyaamala, chuvanna thalayulla sthree enniva vaayuvil venamennu avar aagrahichirunna samayangalundaayirunnu. 1994 oode dott swantham hairstylinu panam nalki. kaaliforniyayil ninnulla oru jodi kalmut uyaramulla boottukalaanu avarude kaazhchakkaare athbhuthappeduthiya mattoru kaaryam, athil avalude paadarakshakalil thalpparyamullavar vaala switch board prakaashippichirunnu. "moorinu oru kaar apakadam nadannu oraazhchaykkullil 2004 juulai 11 nuu "dott muur shhow" avasaanamaayi sampreshanam cheythu. suhruthum saha praadeshika maadyama vyakthithvavumaaya henry ulppede niravadhi mobail thaamasakkaarude abhipraayathil, eee apakadamaanu dottinte viramikalinum montgomeriyilekku maarunnathinum kaaranamaayath. 2007 meyy 23 nuu alabaamayile montgomeriyil vachu avar antharichu.

dott muur dott muur (15 meey 1914-23 meey 2007) heey eka american durchitravani vyaktimatva aanee mobile, alabama pasoon 46 varshe tarakanche 'rajdoot' hote. tichya pradirgh prasaran karkirdit chaar charcha karyakramanche avtar, amerikechya purv aanee paschim kinarpattivaril asankhya sahali aanee durchitravani aanee chitrapat tarkanshi dazanbhar sambhashanancha samavesh hota. jevha tee maran pavali, tevha amerikeche pratinidhi joou bonner yanni tichya smruticha sanman keela, jee congresschya nondit nondavali gelee aahe. suruvatichi varshe. ticha janm floridatil pensacola yethe jhaala hota aanee tee 12 varshanchi asatana tiche kutumb mobailkade valale. dorothy dott philetache tarun munn aanee dolhe abhinetri bananyavar kendrit hote. eka sanket mhanje tine swechhene shaala sodali tyaa divasant dotney pahilelya johnn croffordsarkhya chitrapatanche anukaran karnyacha ticha prayatna hota. akheris tine assa nishkarsh kadhala qee jaree tee sthanik patalivar manchavar sadarikaran karnyat yashasvi jhaali asali taree rangbhumivar vishisht aakarshan navhate. tichya varshanmadhye durdarshanvar prekshak punha samore yenyapurvi sadarikaran karanyachi dotchi aavad, kaaran tyamule teela eka sopee, parantu naisargik bhavna midali. tichi aayushyabharachi swapne purn karnyapurvi, moore tichya vadilanchya jawalchya sachiv mhanoon tichi pahili nokri honyapurvi, jeey vafechya vyavasayat hote, lincaff prathamik aanee murphy highschoolmadhye tiche shaley shikshan purn karat asat. tyanantar tine alabama vidyapith vistar kendratil kulasachiv karyalayat kaam kele aanee yaa prakriyet tichi bhavishyatil mulakhat kaushalye tikshna kelee. vidyapithat asatana, dotla yuu madhye sthan denyat aale hote.ess. lashkari abhiyantyanchya tukadiche karyalay downtown mobile aanee yuu.ess. brookley feeled yetheel havai dalache karyalay. baltimoreche mool rahivasi robbert joseph miller yanchyashi lagn kelyanantar lagechach havai dalachya karyalayatil tapasachi sthitee aalee. tichya paticha kshayarogane mrutyu jhaala, aanee too dott aanee done varshancha mulga bobyla mage sodoon gela. tichya patichya mrutyunantar, dotney springle avenue aasthapanevar 'dotche dress shop' ughadale. tithe, dotla done striya bhetalya, jyaa tichi redio aanee television vyavasayashi olakh karoon deteel, eka redio vyaktimatva jeey suttivar jaat aahe aanee conny bii hope jyane dotla tichya television karyakramasathi aamantrit kele. bobb millerchya mrutyunantar paach varshanni, jevha eka mitrane teela tichya daphin streetchya gharee aamantrit kele tevha dott misaurichya loane stephen muur yaa tichya dusya patila bhetala. punha, aajarane dotche lagn thambavale aanee done lock shree. moorla maheet hote qee teey punha ektech rahile aahet. kahee aathvadyanchya shokanantar, dott tyach redio stationvar nokri shodhun kamavar paratali jyane teela prasaran, wabshey olakh karoon dilee. ardhya margacha bindu. moore 1958 madhye wab yethe receptionist hote, jeey bhramandhvani nondani-malkichya stationkhalil eka padd hote, jyamule tichya qamee swar asalelya aavajane mothya redio prekshakansamor bolane shakya hote, jyamule eka wab udghoshakachi pasanti midavali jaat asey. moore yanna daata mhanoon darshavina durdarshanvaril diamus sarvajanik sevechya ghoshanesah redio aanee durdarshan jahiratinmule, teela wab aanee vakab rediosathi kaam kelyanantar eka varshahoon adhik kaal kahitari kamavanar aahe, joou dainik ardha taas chalanara karyakram hota, 'channell 10 kitchen', joou mageel shefla aarogyachya karananmule nighun jaave laglyanantar vaala-tvver prasarit keela jaat asey. matra, dott haah swayampaki navhata. eka vyavsayik shafe shodhane aanee mooarla prekshakansamor madat karane haah valacha upay hota. general electricne prayojit kelelya karyakramachya thet jahiratinmadhye dotla shevatchi tippani dekhil midali. nivruttinantarhi, dotla swatah swayampak karanyachi farshi aavad navhati, tarihi tichya karkirdichya agadi shevataparyant, tee studiochya svayampakgharat tichya swayampak pahunyanshi bolat asalyache disale. dott tichya mulala toona phisha casarolsarkhe tayar karane sope asalelya ekhadya goshtiche changle poshan karnyat yashasvi jhaala, jyamadhye bobby kadhikadhi vinod karat asey. pakakala karyakramacha karar purn jhalyanantar, dott, vaala redio vahtook vibhagat vyavsayik prat lekhak mhanoon rediovar paratala. eka kaal assa dekhil hota jevha imaratichya durchitravani bajunni tyanchya jahiratinsathi kinwa sarvajanik seva sthalansathi dott aun coll keela hota. sarvasadharanpane prasaran niyamanche ullanghan karananya kagadpatranvarun naveen redio vyavasthapkashi jhalelya vadanantar teela kadhoon taknyat aale. 1960 chya dashakachya suruvatila prasarmadhyamandhye mukt bolani suru honyas samaptine bindu vel deela. gulph kostachya madhyamanmadhye rahanyacha aanee gharee goshti changlya prakare thevanyachya yaa vyast kalat, dotshee eka vaala-tv udghoshakane sampark sadhala, jyala tine shaharachya madhyabhagi asalelya edmiral sames hotelmadhun stationchya naveen karyakramache saha-yajmanpad bhushavave asey vatat hote. dotney nokri sweekarli aanee sarjansheel aanee sharirikdrushtya tichya kshitijancha vistar karane suru thewale. poolside' chya yashasvi prakshepanantar, dott free-lancingkade paratala, jyat gefarchya department stoarsathi kahee kaam aanee pensacola station ware-tivhisathichya tyanchya jahiratincha samavesh hota. eka aathvadyachya pensacola madheel jahirati aanee sarvajanik upasthitinantar jevha dott lokanchya najaretoon baher padanyachi tayari karat hota, tevha vaala yethe kaam karnari eka mitra teela kahee changli batami denyasathi gefarchya dukanakade thambali. pudhchya somwari ticha swatacha eka naveen duparcha charcha karyakram pradarshit honar hota, jyache serve pahunyanni tyaa aathvadyasathi aarakshan kele hote. 14 meey 1963 roji, 'dott muur andd company' dupari aanee 12:30 pii darmyan prasarit jhaale.emm. jyaa redio vyavasthapakane 'phayar dott' keela hota, tyala tyachya durchitravani samakakshakadun tee paratalyachi mahitee midalyanantar lagechach kadhoon taknyat aale. dakshin misisipipasoon florida panhandleparyantchya prekshakanna 33 varshe dott help vaala cover mobilecha mardy grass day sohala dekhil pahayala midala. dott muur andd company' prasarit jhalyanantar daha varshanni, dotla danny trainer navacha aun-air bhagidar denyat aala aanee 1973 madhye haah karyakram 'gulph coast tude' mhanoon olakhala gela. sakali 9 vajata.emm. dotney karyakramache yazman aanee nirmatepad parat midvile nahee toparyant aine. bii. see. chya 'tude' nantarcha karyakram pudhil chaar varshe yaa swarupasah suru rahila. september 1979 madhye, 'gulph coast tude' punha dotche naav ghenyapurvi aathvadyatun ekada prasarit honyas suruvat jhaali. "daad dott muur shhow' 21 vya shatkat dekhil valachya velapatrakat raheel. thipke aanee taare. tichya karkirdit, muur durchitravani mulakhatinsathi asankhya shrimant aanee prasiddha lokanna bhetali, jee upgrah mulakhati aayojit karanyachi eka samanya paddhat honyapurvi patrakar aanee durchitravani vyaktinsathi khoop sopee hotee. teela bhetalelya serve lokanpaiki, penasakolacha majee rahivasi aanee aine. bii. see. western 'daad hye chapperal' chaa mitra leaf ericson hota jyane yenanya anek varshanpasun networkchya tanyanshi dotche sambandh jiwant thevanyas madat kelee. asha holywoodchya jodanisah durdarshanvar kahee bhoomika aalya, jyat ericsoncha karyakram aanee claude akinsah 'moving aun' haah karyakram, dotchya anek pahunyanpaiki aanakhi eka ('moving aun' heey ekada mobile aanee tyachya aaspaschya bhagat chitrikaran karnyat aale hote). lokanvyatirikt, dotchi bangalcha wagh aanee tyachya prashikshakashi bhet jhaali, joou eka olya kshanihi byanpaiki changla gela jyamule johnny carson aanee tyala bhetalelya makadavar hasya jhaale. 1985 madhye serve changlya goshti sampatil, jevha aine. bii. see. neey prasiddha thikani jaanyasathi moorchi uddane bund kelee aanee samparkat rahnyasathi networkchya navyane sthapit kelelya upgrah tantradnyanashi julavun ghene aavashyak hote, parantu apavad hote. aart linklator aanee jock mahoni heey tichya karyakramachya teen aathvadyannantar dotche pahile prasiddha atithi hote. lock majedar aahet' emsee aanee 'yancy derringer' starr tyach divashi mobailmadhye hote. edd mcmahn yanni meey 1973 madhye amerikechya kanishth miss national finalsathi mobilela bhet dilee, tasech 14 meey roji moorchya dahavya vardhapan deane karyakramat disanyasathi tyanni vaala yethe thamba ghetala."tee aun air honyachi tayari karat asatana edne tyachya friend dotsathi hii olakh karoon dilee hotee, jeey itake aashcharyakarak hote qee teey shochya tappingmadhe kadhich aale nahee. nantarchi varshe. 1990 chya dashakat, muur yanchya ravivarchya samudayik seva karyakram aanee chauthya avtarat tarkanchya mulakhatinpeksha sarvajanik vyavharanchya vyaktinvar adhik laksh kendrit kele gele. 1996 madhye aine. bii. see. shhee asaleli 43 varshanchi sanlagnata badaloon foxsathi badalana vaala-tvvaril tichi upasthiti qamee hott gelee asali taree, dotney lokanna tichya mobilechya baherchya pravasachya divasambaddal sangane suru thewale. gelya kahee varshant teela aanee teela bhetalelya lokanna dakhavnari shekado chhayachitre drushya sahayya mhanoon kaam karat hotee. durchitravanivar disalyapasun byanch kalapasoon prekshakanna dotchya kesharachana aanee rangat vividh badal disun aale aahet. tichya varshanmadhye prayojkanchya najaret, eka kaal assa hota jevha tyanna eka soneri, shyamali kinwa laal dokyachi stree havamanachya baher havee hotee. 1994 chya sumaras dott tichya swatachya kesharachanasathi paise deil. tichya prekshakansathi aanakhi eka aashcharyakarak bindu mhanje californiatil gudghyachya unch butanchi jodee hotee, jyat tichya padatrananmadhye swarasya asalelyanni vaala switchboard prakashit keela hota. "daad dott muur shhow' haah shevatcha prasarit karyakram 11 julai 2004 roji, moorcha qaar apghat jhalyanantar eka aathvadyapeksha qamee kalavadhit jhaala. mitra aanee sahkari sthanik prasarmadhyamanche vyaktimatva kaka heinry yanchyasah anek firatya rahivashanchya matey, haah apghat dotchya nivruttiche aanee montgomerila jaanyache kaaran hota. 23 meey 2007 roji montgomeri, alabama yethe tyanche nidhan jhaale.

dott murr dott murr (mey 15,1914-mey 23,2007) ek americi television wyaktitwa rar mobile, alabamadekhi 46 warshasamma taraharuka lagi "rajdut" thie. unko lamo prasaran currier chaar tuck show awatarharu, sanyukta rajya americako purvi rar paschimi tataharuma dherai yatraharu, rar television rar chalchitra taraharusanga darjanaun kurakaniharuma failieko thiyo. unko mrityu hunda, americi pratinidhi jo bonnerle unko samjhanalai samman gare june congressko recordma prawishta chha. prarambhik warshaharu. uni pensakola, floridama janmieki thiin rar uni 12 warshako hunda unko pariwar mobilema sareko thiyo. dorothy "dott" filatele unko yuwa dimag rar aankha abhinetri bannama sett gareki thiin. euta sanket john crafordlai chitrit garne jasta chalchitraharu nakkal garne unko prayas thiyo, jaslai unle swechchhale vidyalaya chhodeka dinharuma dutle hereka thie. antatah unle sthaniya rupma manchama pradarshan garna safal bhae tapani thieterma kunai vishesh pralobhan thiena bhanne nishkarshma puge. televisionma unko warshaharuma darshakharu punarutthan hunu aghi datko pradarshan garne ruchiharu, kinki yasale unlai sajilo, tara prakritik bhawana diyo. afno ajiwan sapanaharu pura garnu aghi, murle steamship wyawasayama raheka afna bubako najikko sachibko rupma afno pahilo jagira garnu aghi linkaf prathamik rar marfi hai schoolma afno vidyalaya shiksha samapta garthin. tyasapachhi unle alabama wistar kendrako wishwawidyalayako rajishtrarko karyalayama kaam garin, yass prakriyama afno bhawishyako antarwarta kaushallai tikhardai. vishwavidyalayama hunda, datlai yuma sthan prastawa garieko thiyo.ess. downtown mobile rar yuma engineerharuko sena korko karyalaya.ess. brookle fieldma wayu sena karyalaya. unle baltimoreka muel niwasi robert josef millersanga vivaha gareko kehi samayapachi wayu sena karyalayama anusandhanko sthiti ayo. unka patiko kshayarogbata mrityu bhayo, dott rar dui warshiya chhora babilai pachhadi chhode. unka patiko mrityupachhi, dutle springhill avenue pratishthanma "datko dress sape" kholin. tyahan, dutle dui mahilaharulai bhete jasle unlai radio rar television wyawasayama parichaya garaaunthe, chhuttima jaandai gareko radio wyaktitwa rar coney bee hope jasle datlai unko television karyakramma amantrit gare. bub millerko mrityuko paanch warshapachhi, dutle afno dosro pati, misauriko loan stephenus murlai bhete, jab ek sathile unlai afno daffin streetko gharma amantrit gare. feri, rogle datko vivaha rokdachha, rar dui wyaktiharu shree. murlai thaha thiyo kii dherai chhoto samayaka lagi feri eklai chhodiyo. shokako ek haptapachhi, dott uhi radio stationma kaam khojera kamma farkie jasle unlai prasaran, waabsanga parichaya garaeko thiyo. adha bato bindu. murr sann 1958 maa webma receptionist thie, mobile register-swamitwako stationantargatko ek sthiti jasle unko cum tone awajko sath wyapak radio darshakharu agadi bolna nimtyaundacha, jasle ek web udghoshakko munn paraunchha. radio rar tivi vigyapanharu, jasma dimes sarvajanik sewako television marchko ghoshanako rupma murlai datako rupma prastut garne ghoshana samawesh chha, unle wab rar wakab radioma kaam gareko ek warsha bhanda badhi kamaunechhan, dainik adha-ghantako karyakram "channel 10 kitchen" walla-tibhima aghillo shafele swasthyaka karan chhodnupareko thiyo. tathapi, dott khana pakaune wyakti thienan. walako samadhan bhaneko ek peshewar shafe fela parnu rar murlai darshakharuaghi sahayog garna dinu thiyo. dutle general electrickdwara prayojit karyakramko pratyaksha vigyapanharuma antim tippani pani prapta garyo. sewaniwritti pachhi pani, datlai afai khana pakauna munn pardaina thiyo, tara afno kariyarko antyasamma, uni studio bhansama afna khana pakaune pahunaharusanga kura gardai dekhieki thiin. dutle afno chhoralai tuna machhako casarol jastai tayar garna sajilo kurama ramrosanga poshan garna safal bhain, jasma bobile kahilekaahin majak garthe. khana pakaune karyakramko samjhauta samapta bhaepachi, dott walla radio trafic vibhagma wyawasayik pratilipi lekhakko rupma radioma farkie. bhawanko tivi pakshale uniharuko vigyapan wa sarvajanik sewa sthalharuka lagi dott unn garne samaya pani thiyo. samanya rupma prasaran niyamharu ullanghan garne kagaji karyalai liera nayan radio prabandhaksanga vivad bhaepachi unlai barkhasta garieko thiyo. sann 1960 ko dashakko prarambhama mediama mukta-lanslai samaptile dott time diyo. khadi tata mediama basna rar gharka kuraharu ramrosanga rakhne prayasko yass wyasta awadhima, datlai ek walla-tivi udghoshakle samparka gare jasle unlai stationko nayan karyakram "poolside" saha-host garna chahanthe. dutle kaam swikar gare rar rachanatmak rar sharirik rupma afno kshitij wistar garna jaari rakhe. poolside" ko safal daud pachhi, dott free-lancingma farkie, jasma geferko department storeka lagi kehi kaam rar pensakola station weyar-tibhika lagi uniharuko vigyapanharu samawesh chhan. penscolama ek haptako vigyapan rar sarvajanik upasthiti pachhi dott janatako ankhabata bahira niscan tayar bhairaheko bela, walama karyarat ek sathile geferko storema unlai kehi ramro samachar dina rokyo. unko afnai nayan diunsoko tuck soe arko sombar premiere garna sett garieko thiyo, sabai pahunaharule tyas haptaka lagi book gareka thie. 14 mey 1963 maa, "dott murr anned company" diunso rar 12:30 p ko bichma prasaran bhayo.emm. dott fire gareko radio prabandhaklai antatah unko tivi samakakshbata unko firtiko khabar paepachi turuntai barkhasta gariyo. dakshin misisipidekhi florida panhandlesammaka darshakharule 33 warshasamma dott help walale mobileko mardy grass diwas utsablai sametna pae. dott murr anned company" prasaran bhaeko das warshapachhi, datlai denny trainer namak unn-air partner diieko thiyo rar yo karyakram sann 1973 maa "galf coast toode" ko rupma chinieko thiyo.emm. enbisiko "toode" pachhiko karyakram arko chaar warshasamma yass dhanchama jaari rahyo jabasamma dutle karyakramko host rar nirmatako sthiti punah prapta garena. september 1979 maa, "galf coast toode" feri datko naam bokne aghi haptama ek patak prasaran huna thalyo. "da dott murr show" 21 aun shatabdima walako talikama ramro rahanechha. bindu rar taraharu. afno careerma, murle tivi antarwartaka lagi dherai dhani rar prasidha wyaktiharulai bhete, june satellite antarwarta sanchalan garne samanya tarika bannuaghi patrakarharu rar tivi wyaktitwaharuka lagi dherai sajilo thiyo. unle bheteka sabai manisharu madhye, yo pensakola niwasi rar nbc paschimi "da hai chapral" kaa sathi leif erickson thie jasle networka taraharusangko datko sambandhalai aune warshaharuma jiwit rakhna maddat gare. yasto holywood jadanka sath televisionma kehi bhumika ae, jasma erikasanko karyakram rar claude ekinsko sath karyakram "mobhin 'unn", datka dherai pahunaharu madhye arko ek ("mobhin' unn" mobile rar yasako warparka kshetraharuma ek patak sthanma filmaieko thiyo). manisharuka atirikta, datko bengal bagh rar yasaka prashikshaksanga muthbhed bhayo, june johnny carson rar unle samana gareko baandarlai hansna sakne bhijeko kshanko bawajud dherai ramro bhayo. sabai asal kuraharu 1985 maa samapta hunechhan, jab nbcle prasidha bhraman garna murko udanharu samapta garyo rar samparkama rahan networkko nayan sthapit upagraha prawidhisanga samjhauta garnuparchha, tara tyahan apawadharu thie. art linklator rar jak mahoni unko karyakramko daudako tean haptama datko pahilo prasidha atithi thie. manisharu ramailo chhan" ammy rar "yancy derringer" starr ekai dina mobilema thie. aid mcmohanle mey 1973 maa americako junier miss national finalka lagi mobile bhraman gare, sathai unle mey 14 maa murko dashaun warshikotsawa karyakramma dekha parna walama roke lagae. "rar ab, yahan dotty chha!"edko parichaya unko sathi datka lagi thiyo jab uni prasaranma zahn tayar bhairaheki thiin, june yati ashcharyako rupma ayo kii yasale yasalai kahilyai karyakramko tappingma banayo. pachhilla warshaharuma. sann 1990 ko dashakma, murko aitwar samudayik sewa karyakram rar chautho awatarle taraharusangko antarwartako tulanama sarvajanik mamilaka wyaktitwaharuma badhi dhyan kendrit gareko thiyo. sann 1996 maa faxka lagi nbcsanga afno 43 warshako sambadhata adala-badali garne walla-tibhima unko upasthiti ghatdai jaanda pani, dutle manisharulai mobile bahira yatra garne dinharuko barema batauna jaari rakhe. unko rar warshaundekhi unle bheteka wyaktiharuko sayaun photoharule bhijual edko rupma kaam kaam. lamo samayadekhi darshakharule televisionma dekha paredekhi datko kesh shaili rar rangma vibhinna pariwartanharu dekheka chhan. prayojakharuko najarma unko warshaharuma, tyahan samayaharu thie jab tiniharule sunaulo, shyamli, wa rato taukoko mahila hawama chahanthe. dutle sann 1994 ko waripari unko afnai keshavinyaska lagi paisa tirne gardathe. unka darshakharuka lagi arko ashcharyajanak bindu californiaca ghunda aglo butharuko jody thiyo, jasma unko juttama ruchi rakhneharule walla switchboard jalaeka thie. "da dott murr show" antim patak july 11,2004 maa prasaran bhayo, murko carr durghatana bhaeko ek hapta bhanda cum samayama. sathi rar sathi sthaniya midia wyaktitwa kaka heinry sahit dherai mobile basindaharuka anusar, yo durghatana datko sewaniwritti rar montgomerima sarne karan thiyo. unko mrityu 23 mey 2007 maa montgomeri, alabamama bhayo.

daat murr daat murr (meey 15,1914-meey 23,2007) jane americae television byaktitwa ebong mobile, alabama thaaru 46 barsha paain staranka "ambasadara" thile. tankara dirgha prasarana carrier charoti tock soe abatara, americara purba ebong paschima upakoolaku aneka jatra ebong television ebong mosana picture staranka saha dozen dozen barttalapaku byapta karithila . jetebele shay mrutyubarana karithile, americara pratinidhi joe bonner taanka smrutiku sammanita karithile jaahaa kangresara recordre prabesha karichhi . prarambhika barsha. shay floridara pensakolathare janmagrahana karithile ebong tanku jetebele 12 barsha hoithila, setebele taanka paribara mobailaku chalijaithile. dorothy "dott" phillet tankara juba munn ebong aakhi abhinetri heba upare sthira karithile. gotie sanketa thila, taanka dwara pradarshita chalachitragudiku anukaran karibara prayasa, jepariki john crafford, jeunmananku shay swechakruta bhabe bidyalaja chhadiba samajare dekhuthile. sheshare shay ehi siddhantare upneet hoithile je thietarare kaunasi nirdista akarshana naahin, jadio shay sthaniah starare manchare pradarshan karibare saphala hoithile . telivijanare taanka barshagudikare darshakamane punarbara uthiba purbaru datnka abhinai karibara agraha, kaaran ehaa tanku eka sahaja, kintu swabhabika anubhaba deithila . nijara ajiban swapna purana kariba purbaru, moor taanka pitanka nikata sachiba bhabe pratham chakiri kariba purbaru lincaf prathamika ebong morphy uccha bidyalajare nijara bidyalaja sikhya samapta karuthile, jie kii bashpiah jahaz byabasajare thile. ehapare shay alabama biswabidyalaja samprasarana kendrare rejistraranka karjyalajare karjya karithile, ehi prakrijare tankara bhabisyata sakhyatakara dakhyataku twaranwita karithile. biswabidyalajare thibabele, datku jure eka sthana diajaithila.ess. saharar kendrasthalare thiba mobile ebong jayu. aii. ray armi corps off injinijaranka karjyalaja.ess. brookly khetrare bayusena karjyalaja. baltimorer sthaniah basinda robert joseph milaranku shay bibaha karibara kichhi samai parey bayusena karjyalajare anusandhanakari sthiti asithila. taanka swamee yakshma rogare mrutyubarana karithile, dott ebong dui barshar pua babinku pachare chhadi jaithile. taanka swameenka mrutyu parey, dott springahila aabhenyu pratisthanare "dots dress sapa" kholithile. sethare, dott sehi dui mahilanku bhetithile jeunmane tanku redio ebong television byabasai sahita parichita karaibe, jane redio byaktitwa chhutire jauchhanti ebong coney bii hope jie datnku taanka television shoe 'ku nimantran karithile. bub milarnka mrutyura pancha barsha parey, dott taanka dwiteeja swamee, lunn stephens murr off misoureenku bhetithile, jetebele jane bandhu tanku taanka daffin street gharaku nimantran karithile. puni, asusthata datnka bibahaku banda karideba, ebong dui john byakti mea. murr janithile je khub alpa samai paain semane puni ekutia rahigale. kichhi saptahara shoker kichhi saptaha parey, dott sehi redio stationre chakiri khojiba parey kamaku pherigale jaahaa tanku prasarana sahita parichita karaithila, waab. adhaa baata point. mure 1958 ray waabare jane recepsist thile, mobile register-malikanadhin station adheenare eka padabee jaahaa taanka nimna swara swarare eka byapaka redio darshakanka sammukhare kathaa hebaku nirdesh deba, jane waaba ghoshakanka pasanda arjan karithila . redio ebong tibhi bigyapana, jeunthire dimeser eka television march, janaseba ghoshana, jeunthire muranku daataa bhabare darshajaichhi, waaba ebong wakaba rediore kaama karibara eka barsharu adhika samai parey tanku kichhi rojgar kariba, waalaa-tibhire dainika adha-ghanta karjyakram "channell 10 kitchen" purba shephnku swasthya karanaru jibaku padithila . kintu, dott jane rosheia nathile. walanka samadhan thila jane pesadara randhuninku khojiba ebong moornku darshakanka sammukhare sahajya karibaku deba. general electric dwara prajojita karjyakramara laiva bigyapanare dott madhya shesh mantabya paithile. absar neba parey madhya, dott nije roshei karibaku ete bhal paau nathile, tathapi taanka carriara shesh parjyanta, shay studio roshei ghare taanka roshei atithinka saha kathaa heuthiba dekhibaku milithila. dott taanka puaku tuna maacha caserol pari prastuta karibaku sahaja kichhi bhal bhabare pusta karibare saphala hoithile, jeunthire bubby belebele majaa karuthile . randhan karjyakramara chukti shesh heba parey, daat waalaa redio traphik bibhagare jane banijyika kapi lekhaka bhabare redioku pherithile. epari madhya eka samai thila jetebele kothara tibhi parswa semananka bigyapana kimba sarbajaneena seba sthana paain dott aun dott dakila . sadharana prasarana niamer ullanghana karuthiba kagajapatraku nei nooa redio myanejaranka saha bibada parey tanku chakiriru hatai diajaithila. 1960 dashkar prarambhare, samapti ganamadhyamare mukta-lansku bindu samai deithila. upasagariya upakula ganamadhyamare rahibaku ebong ghare jinisagudika bhal rakhibaku chesta karibara ehi byasta samajare, dott jane waalaa-tibhi ghoshakanka dwara jogajoga karajaithila jie chahunthile je shay downtown mobile ray admiral sames hotelaru stationer nutan karjyakram "poolside" saha-host karantu . dott ehi kamaku grahan karithile ebong srujanashila ebong sharirika bhabare nijara digaku bistara kariba jaari rakhithile. poolside" rahr eka saphala runn parey, dott free-lansingku pherithile, jeunthire gepharnka department store paain kichhi kaama ebong pensacola station wer-tibhi paain semanankara bigyapana antarbhukta . penscolare eka saptahara bigyapana ebong sarbasadharana upasthiti parey dott jetebele janasadharananka najararu bahariba paain prastuta heuthile, setebele walare nijukta jane bandhu gepharnka store nikatare kichhi bhal khabara deba paain atakithile. tankara nijara eka nooa madhyahna tock shoe parabarti sombar premiyara karibaku sthira karajaithila, sehi saptaha paain samasta atithi book karithile . 1963 masiha meey maasa 14 tarikhare, "dott murr anded company" madhyahna ebong 12:30 p madhyare prasarita hoithila.emm. jeun redio manager dott fire karithile, taanka tibhi pratipakhyankatharu shay feriba bishajare janiba parey tanku sheshare barakhasta karajaithila. dakhina misissippi thaaru florida panhandel parjyanta darshakamane madhya 33 barsha dhari dott help waalaa kavara mobilera mardy grass dibasa utsaba dekhibaku paithile. dott murr anded company" prasarana hebara dasha barsha parey, datnku daani trainer namaka eka aun-eyaara anshidara diajaithila ebong ehi shoe 1973 ray "galph coast tude" bhabare janashuna hoithila.emm. enn. bii. sii. rahr "tude" ku anusarana karuthiba karjyakram parabarti chaari barsha parjyanta ehi formatt sahita jaari rahithila, jeparjyanta dott shoe 'rahr host ebong prajojakanka sthitiku ferry painathila. 1979 masiha september maasare, "galph coast tude" saptahaku thare prasarana arambha hoithila, ehaa parey ehara naama puni thare daat hoithila. "daa dott murr shoe" ekabingsha shatabdi parjyanta walanka karjyasoocheere rahiba. bindu ebong taaraa. taanka kyarijarare, moor tibhi sakhyatakara paain aneka dhani ebong prasidha lokanku bhetithile, jaahaa upgraha sakhyatakara parichalana karibara eka sadharana upaiah heba purbaru sambadika ebong tibhi byaktitwanka paain bahuta sahaja thila . shay bhetithiba samasta lokanka madhyaru, ehaa pensacola basinda ebong nbc westarna "haai chaparal" rahr bandhu liff eriksana thile jie agami barshagudika paain netawarkara taranka sahita dott samparkaku jibanta rakhibare sahajya karithile . ebhali eka hollywood sanjoga sahita telivijanare kichhi bhumika asithila, jeunthire erikasananka karjyakram ebong clod akinsanka saha shoe "mubhin 'aun" antarbhukta thila, dotter aneka atithinka madhyaru aau jane ("mubhin' aun" mobile ebong ehara akhpakh anchalare thare sthanare suting karajaithila) . lokanka byatita, eka bangeeja bagha ebong ehara prashikhyakanka saha datnkara eka mukabila hoithila, jaahaa eka bhija muhurta satwe bahuta bhal bhabare chalila jaahaa janii carson ebong shay sammukheen hoithiba mankadaku hasideba . 1985 masihare samasta bhal jinish shesh hoijiba, jetebele nbc prasidha paridarshan kariba paain muranka biman banda karideba ebong jogajogare rahiba paain netawarkara nutan sthapita upgraha technology sahita sthira karibaku padiba, kintu byatikrama thila . art linkaletar ebong juck mahoni taanka shoe 'rahr tini saptaha parey datra pratham prasidha atithi thile . lokamane mazadar" emsy ebong "yancy deringara" starr sehi deane mobilere thile. meey 1973 ray americara juniara miss national final paain aid mcmohan mobile paridarshan karithile, ebong meey 14 ray muranka dasham barshiki shore upasthita heba paain walare atakithile."shay prasarana paain prastuta heuthiba samajare taanka friend dott paain ehaa edra parichai thila, jaahaa ete ashcharjyajanaka thila je ehaa shoe 'rahr tepingare kebe madhya sthana painathila . parabarti barsha. 1990 dashakare, mooranka rabibara gosthi seba karjyakram ebong chaturtha abatara tarakanka sakhyatakara apekhya sarbajaneena byapara upare adhika dhyana deithile. waalaa-tibhi upare tankara upasthiti hrass paiba satwe, jaahaa 1996 ray foxes paain nbc sahita ehara 43 barshar samparkaku badalai deithila, dott mobile bahare jatra karibara deane bishajare lokanku kahiba jaari rakhithile . barsha barsha dhari tanku ebong tanku bhetithiba lokanku darshai shaha shaha phato eka drushya sahajaka bhabare karjya karithila . dirgha dinara darshakamane telivijanare dekhajaiba paratharu datter kesh saileere ebong rangare bibhinna paribartana lakhya karichanti. prajojakanka najarare taanka barshagudikare, epari eka samai thila jetebele semane aakaashare eka subarna, shyamal kimba laal munda thiba mahilanku chahunthile . 1994 masiha belaku dott taanka niz kesh sailee paain artha pradan karuthile. taanka darshakanka paain aau eka ashcharjyakara bindu thila californier eka yoda aanthu uccha boot, jeunthire waalaa swichwordaku taanka jota prati agrahinka dwara alokita karajaithila . "daa dott murr shoe" shesh thara paain july 11,2004 ray prasarita hoithila, murr eka carr durghatanara eka saptaharu comm samai parey . bandhu ebong sahakarmee sthaniah ganamadhyama byaktitwa maamun henrinka sameth aneka chalanta basindanka anujai, ehi durghatana datnka absar ebong mantgomereeku chalijibara kaaran thila . shay meey 23,2007 ray alabamar montgomerire mrutyubarana karithile.

dott moor dott moor (15 maee, 1914-23 maee, 2007) ikk amriki television shakhsiat atey mobile, alabama toon 46 saalan laee sitariaan laee "umbasder" see. uss daa lamma prasaran carrier chaar tock shoa avtaran, sanyukat raaj dey purbi atey pachmi tattan deeaan kaee yatravan atey television atey motion picture sitariaan naal darjanan gallbat witch failiaa hoiaa haii. jadon uss dee maut hoow gaee, taan amriki pratinidhi joe bonner neey uss dee yaad noon sanmanit keeta joe congress dey ricard witch daraj haii. shuruati saal. uh pensacola, florida witch paida hoee see atey jadon uh 12 saalan dee see taan uss daa parivaar mobile vall chalaa giaa see. dorothy "dott" philate neey aapne naujwan dimag atey nazaran noon ikk abhinetri bannan laee sett keeta see. ikk sanket uss dee filman dee nakal curran dee koshish see jiven kii john crafford, jiss noon uss neey swaiichha naal school chaddan dey dinan witch dekhiaa see. aakharkar uss neey ih sitta kaddhiaa kii theatre witch koee vishesh lalch naheen see, bhaven kii uh sathanak taur 'teey stage' teey pardarshan curran witch kamyab rahee. television utte aapne saalan dauran darshakan dey dubara sahmane aaunn toon pahilan pardarshan curran laee dott deeaan dilchaspiaan, kiunki iss neey uss noon ikk assan, parr kudrati bhavna ditti. aapne jeevan bharr dey supniaan noon poora curran toon pahilan, moor neey aapne pitaa dey nazdiki sakattar vajon aapni pahili naukari toon pahilan leancoff elementary atey marfi hyee school witch aapni school dee padahi puurii keeti, joe kii bhaaf dey carobar witch sunn. uss neey alabama vistaar kendra university dey registrar dey daftar witch kamm keeta, iss prakiriaa witch aapne bhavikh dey interview dey hunar noon tez keeta. jadon kii university witch, dott noon yuu witch ikk jagha dee peshkash keeti gaee see.aiss. engineearan dee fauj daa daftar downtown mobile atey yuu witch haii.aiss. brookley feeled vikhe havaai saina daa daftar. havaai saina dey daftar witch jaanch dee sathiti baltimore dey mool nivasi robbert joseph miller naal viaah toon turant baad aaee. uss dey patee dee tii. bee. naal maut hoow gaee, uh billi atey doou saal dey puttar baubi noon pichhe chhadd giaa. aapne patee dee maut toon baad, dott neey springhill aivenioo sathapana utte "dots dress shaap" kholhiaa. utthe, dott doou aurtan noon miliaa joe uss noon radio atey television carobar naal jaanhu karvaundiyan sunn, ikk radio shakhsiat joe chhuttiaan 'teey jaa rahee see atey coney bee hope jiss neey dott noon aapne television shoa witch sadda ditta see. baub miller dee maut toon panj saal baad, dott aapne dooje patee, misauri dey loane stephens moor noon miliaa, jadon ikk dosat neey uss noon aapne daffin street home witch sadda ditta. dubara firr, bimari neey dott dey viaah noon roque ditta, atey doven lock shriman. moor noon pataa see kii bahut sankhep witch uh firr toon ikalle rahi gaye sunn. sog dey kujh haftiaan baad, dott use radio station witch naukari labbhan toon baad kamm teey waps chalaa giaa jiss neey uss noon prasaran naal jaanhu karvaiaa, web. addhe raste daa bindu. moor 1958 witch web witch ikk receptionist see, joe mobile register-malkiat vaale station dey tehat ikk sathiti see joe aapni neevin aavaaz naal viaapak radio darshakan dey sahmane bolann vall lae jaandi see, jiss naal ikk web anaoonsar dee pasand prapat hundi see. radio atey teevi vigiaapan, jiss witch diams jantak seva dey ikk television march dee ghoshna shamal haii jiss witch moor noon ikk daani vajon darsaiaa giaa haii, uss noon web atey dablioo. keey. aii. bee. radio laee kamm curran toon ikk saal toon vaddh samaan baad kujh kamaunge, rozana addhe ghante daa program "channel 10 kitchen" vaala-teevi utte pichle shaff noon sihat dey kaarnan karke chaddna piaa see. halanki, dott ikk rasoia naheen see. vaala daa hall ikk peshevar shaff noon labbhna atey moore noon darshakan dey sahmane sahaita curran denna see. dott noon general electric duaara spancer keete gaye program dey live vigiaapnan witch aakhri tippni vee millie. retirement toon baad vee, dott noon aapne aap noon khaana pakaun daa bahut shauk naheen see, firr vee aapne carrier dey ant takk, uh studio rasoi witch aapne khaana pakaun vaale mehmanan naal gall kardi vekhi jaandi see. dott aapne puttar noon toona machhi dey caserol jinni assan cheez tiaar curran witch kamyab rahee, jiss witch baubi kaee vaar mazak karda see. khaana pakaun dey shoa daa ikrarnama poora honn toon baad, dott vaala radio traephik vibhag witch ikk vaparak kaapi lekhak vajon radio witch waps aaa giaa. ikk samaan ajiha vee see jadon imaarat dey tii. vee. vaale paase aapne vigiaapan jaan jantak seva sathanan laee sadda ditta jaanda see. uss noon navein radio manager naal kagzi karvai noon lae keey vivaad toon baad barkhast qarr ditta giaa see joe aam taur 'teey prasaran niyaman dee ulanghna karda haii. 1960 dey dahake dey arambh witch samapati neey media witch free-lens noon bindu samaan ditta. khaadi tatt media witch rahinn atey cheezan noon gharr witch changi tarahan rakkhan dee koshish dey iss viasat samein witch, dott naal ikk vaala-teevi ghoshnakarta duaara samparak keeta giaa see joe chahunda see kii uh station dey navein program "poolside" dee sahi-mezbani qarey. dott neey naukari noon savikar qarr liaa atey rachnatmak atey sarirak taur 'teey aapne daire daa vistaar karna jaari rakkhiaa. poolside" dee safal daud toon baad, dott free-lensing vall waps aaiaa, jiss witch geffer dey department store laee kujh kamm atey pensacola station ware-teevi laee unhan dey vigiaapan shamal sunn. jadon dott pensacola witch ikk hafte dey vigiaapnan atey jantak peshkariaan toon baad janata deeaan nazaran toon bahr jaanh laee tiaar hoow riha see, taan vaala witch kamm curran vaala ikk dosat geffer dey store cole uss noon kujh changi khabar denh laee rook giaa. uss daa aapna ikk navaan duphir daa tock shoa agle somwar noon premiere curran laee tiaar keeta giaa see, jiss witch saare mehmanan neey uss hafte laee book keeta see. 14 maee, 1963 noon, "dott moor aind company" duphir atey 12:30 p dey vichkaar prasarit hoee.aim. uss radio manager noon, jiss neey aapne tii. vee. hamrutba toon uss dee vaapsee baare jaanan toon turant baad barkhast qarr ditta giaa see. dakkhni mississippi toon lae keey florida panhandel takk dey darshakan noon 33 saalan takk mobile dey mardy graas divas samaroh noon dott help vaala cover curran daa mauka miliaa. dott moor aind company" dey prasarit honn dey dass saal baad, dott noon danny trainer naam daa ikk aana-air partner ditta giaa atey ih shoa 1973 witch "ajj khaadi tatt" vajon janhiaa jaanh lagga.aim. ainn. bee. see. dey "ajj" toon baad daa program agle chaar saalan takk iss format naal jaari riha jadon takk kii dott neey shoa dey mezban atey nirmata dee sathiti noon mudd prapat naheen keeta. satambar 1979 witch, "khaadi tatt ajj" daa prasaran hafte witch ikk vaar shuru hoiaa, iss toon pahilan kii iss noon dubara bindu daa naam ditta giaa. "dott moor shoa" 21veen sadee takk vaala dey karajkram utte rahega. bindu atey taare. aapne crear dauran, moor neey kaee ameer atey mashur lokan noon television interview laee miliaa, joe kii satellite interview curran daa ikk aam tarika bannan toon pahilan pattarkaran atey television shakhsiatan laee kaafi assan see. uh jinhan lokan noon millie haii, unhan vicchon ih ainn. bee. see. pachmi "hyee chapperal" dey sabka pensacola nivasi atey dosat leaf erikson sunn jinhan neey aaunn vaale saalan takk network dey sitariaan naal bindu dey sabandhan noon jeevit rakkhan witch sahaita keeti. ajihe hollywod sambandh dey naal television utte kujh bhumikavan aaiaan, jinhan witch erikson daa program atey cloud ekins dey naal shoa "movin 'aana" shamal see, ikk horr dott dey bahut saare mehmanan vicchon ikk ("movin' aana" noon mobile atey iss dey aale duaale dey khetran witch ikk vaar sathaan utte filmaiaa giaa see). lokan toon ilava, bindu daa ikk bangal tiger atey iss dey trainer naal mukabala hoiaa, joe ikk gille pall dey bavjood kaafi vadhiaa riha jiss naal johnny carson atey uss dey moongde noon hassna piaa. 1985 witch saariaan changiaan cheezan khatam hoow gaeeaan sunn, jadon ainn. bee. see. neey moor deeaan udanan noon mashur sathaan 'teey jaanh laee khatam qarr ditta see atey samparak witch rahinn laee network dee naveen sathapit satellite technology naal samjhauta karna chahida see, parr apvaad sunn. aart linklater atey jock mahoni uss dey shoa dey tinn haftiaan baad dott dey pahile prasidh mehmann sunn. lock mazakia hunn" aimee atey "yensi darringer" starr use dinn mobile witch sunn. aidd mcmohan neey maee 1973 witch amrica dey junier miss national final laee mobile daa daura keeta, naal hii uh 14 maee noon moor dee dasvin varehgandh dey shoa witch shamal honn laee vaala vikhe rukiaa."ih uss dey dosat dott laee aidd dee jaanh-pachanh see kiunki uh prasaran laee tiaar hoow rahee see, joe kii inni hairani vaali gall see kii ih kadey vee shoa dee tapping witch naheen aaee. baad dey saalan witch. 1990 dey dahake dauran, moor dey aitwar dey community seva program atey chauthe avtaar daa dhiaan sitariaan naal interview dee tulna witch jantak mamlian dey ankadiaan utte vadhere see. 1996 witch fox laee ainn. bee. see. naal aapni 43 saalan dee maanta noon badlan vaale vaala-teevi utte aapni ghatt hoow rahee maujudgi dey bavjood, dott neey lokan noon mobile toon bahr yaatra curran dey aapne dinan baare dassna jaari rakkhiaa. uss deeaan atey unhan lokan deeaan sainkade fotoan jinhan noon uh saalan toon miliaan sunn, neey ikk visual sahaita vajon kamm keeta. lambe samein toon darshakan neey television utte aaunn toon baad dott dey vaal shaili atey rung witch vakkh-vakkh tabdiliaan vekhiaan hunn. uss dey saalan dauran spanceran deeaan nazaran heth, ikk samaan see jadon uh havaa witch ikk sunhire, shishuni jaan laal sir vaali aurat chahunde sunn. dott neey 1994 dey aas paas aapne khud dey vaal style laee bhugtan keeta. uss dey darshakan laee ikk horr hairani vaali bindu california dey gode ucche bootan dee ikk jodee see, jiss witch uss dey juttiaan witch dilchaspi rakkhan valiaan duaara vaala switchboard noon roshan keeta giaa see. "dott moor shoa" aakhri vaar 11 julai, 2004 noon prasarit hoiaa see, jiss toon ikk hafte toon vee ghatt samein baad moor daa qaar durghatna hoee see. dosat atey saathi sathanak media shakhsiat ankal hannery samet bahut saare mobile nivasiaan dey anusar, ih durghatna dott dee retirement atey montgomeri jaanh daa caarn see. 23 maee, 2007 noon montgomeri, alabama witch uss dee maut hoow gaee.

daat moor daat moor (mey 15,1914-mey 23,2007) ekaha american-dooradarshan-vyaktitvah aasit, tathaa cha mobail-alabama-samsthaayaah 46 varshaani yaavat taranam krute "raajadootah" aasit. tasyaah deergha-prasaaran-vruttijeevanam chaturnam taak-sho-avataranam, samyuktarajyamerikadesha poorva-pashchim-tatanam aneka-yatranam, dooradarshan-chalacchitra-taarakaih saha dozen-dozen-yaavat vaartaalaapaanaam cha vistaaram praapnot. yadaa saa mrutavatee, tadaa amerikaadeshasy pratinidhihi jo bonner ityayam tasyaah smrutim sammaanayat, yat kaangres-abhilekhe pravishati. praarambhikavarshaani. saa floridaadeshasya pensacola-nagare ajayata, tasyaah parivaarah 12 varshena chala-yaanam uddishya gatavaan. dorothy "daat" philet ityasyaah yuvamanaskataa, abhinetree bhavitum drushtihi cha sthaapitah aasit. ekaha sanketah aasit yat tasyaah, swaicchayaa vidyaalayam naa nishkasayanti dineshu daat-dwara drushtaa, john-crafford-varyasya chalacchitraani anukarayitum prayaasah. ante saa nishkarsham krutavatee yat, yadyapi saa sthaniyarupena manche pradarshanm kartum samarthah aasit tathaapi rangamanchasya vishishtam akarshanam naasti iti. dooradarshanasy varsheshu prekshakaabhyah poorvam pradarshanm kartum daat ityasya ruchihi punah prakatitaa, yatah saa saa sahajam, parantu svaabhaavikam bhaavam dattavatee. aajeevanam swapnaani sakaram kartum praak, moor, swapatnasya, yah vashpa-vyaapaaram akarot, tasya nikat-sachivaroopena prathama-karyat poorvam, leancouf-praathamik-vidyaalaye, marfi-uccha-vidyaalaye cha vidyaalayashikshanam samapyati sma. tadanantaram saa alabama-vishvavidyaalayasya vistaarakendrasya rajistraar-karyalaye karyam krutavatee, tathaa cha asmin prakriyayam swasyaah bhavishyasya sakshatkara-kaushalaan teekshnavatee. vishvavidyaalaye vidyamaanam daat ityasmai yoo-madhye sthaanam pradattam aasit.ess. sainyadalasya abhiyantrunaam karyalayaha madhyabhaage mobail-nagare tathaa yu. e. madhye asti.ess. brookley-kshetre vaayudal-karyalayaha asti. baltimore-nagarasya moolanivaasinah rabert joseph miller-varyam parineetvaa kinchitkalat eva vaayusenaayaah karyalaye anveshanaatmakasthaanam praaptam. daat, dwiwarsheeyah putrah baabi cha parityajy tasyaah patihi kshayarogen mrutah. swapatnyaah mrutyoho anantaram daat ityeshaa spring hill evanyoo-samsthaane "dots-dress-shaap" iti udghaatayat. tatra daat ityeshaa, radio-dooradarshan-vyavasaayasya parichaya-dadyaam mahilabhyam militavatee, virama-yatrayam gacchantee radio-vyaktitvam, coney bee hope ityeshaa cha yaa daat-over ityenam swa-dooradarshan-kaaryakrame aamantrayat. baab miller ityasya mrutyoho panchavarshaanantaram daat, misauree-nagarasya loan stephens moor iti swasyaah dwiteeyapatnam militavaan, yadaa ekaha mitrah tam tasyaah daafin-veethigruham prati aamantrayat. punah, rogah daat ityasya vivaaham sthagayishyati, tathaa cha dwau janaah shree. moor ityayam dnyaatavaan yat punah alpakalat eva ekaki nikshiptau iti. shokasya katipayasaptahaha anantaram daat, tasmin eva radio-kendre karyam praapya punah karyam prati gatavatee, yena saa prasaranasya vaab iti namna parichitaa aasit. ardhamaarga binduhu. moore 1958 tame varshe vaab-madhye svaagata-vadika aasit, chara-sanchaar-panjee-svaamitva-kendrasya adhah ekam sthaanam yat swasya nimna-swara-dhvanyaa saha vistruta-radio-shrotrubhyah sammukhe bhaashayitum prerayati sma, yena ekaa vaab-udghoshakasya abhimanam praaptam. radio-dooradarshan-vidnyaapanaani, yathaa dams-sarvajanikasevayaha dooradarshan-maarch-ghoshanaa, yasmin moore-varyam daatruroopen darshitam, vaab-tathaa vakaab-radio ityasmin karyasya ekavarshaat api adhikam yaavat tasyaah krute dhanam arjayishyati, yat poorvavartee-shafe-varyasya swasthyakaranat prasthanasya anantaram vaalaa-tea. vee. ityatra pratidinam ardha-ghantaayaah kaaryakramah "chaanal 10 kichan" iti aasit. daat, tathaapi, paakah naseet. vaalaayaah upaayah aasit, vyavasayikam pakashalikam anvishya, moor ityenam darshakanam samaksham sahayyam daatum cha. daat ityayam general-lactric ityanena praayojite kaaryakrame laiv-vidnyaapaneshu antimam vyaakhyaam cha praapnot. nivruttehe anantaram api daat-varyaha svayameva pakam kartum naa rochati sma, tathaapi swakarmawruttyaah antaparyantam saa studio-pakashalayam swa-paaka-atitheem saha bhashamana drushyate sma. daat ityeshaa swaputram toona-matsya-paatram iva sulabham yat siddham bhavati tatt samyak poshayitum samarthah abhavat, yasmin baabi kadaachit haasyam karoti sma. pakakala-karyakramasya anubandhasya samaapteh anantaram daat ityeshah, vaalaa-radio-yatayata-vibhaagasya vaanijya-pratilipikaaroopen radio-prati pratyagatavan. kadaachit bhavanasya dooradarshan-pakshah api swasya vidnyaapanaartham athavaa sarvajanikaseva-sthalanam krute daat-ityetam aahvayata. saamaanyaroopen prasarananiyaman ullanghayamananam kagadiya-karyanam vishaye nutanena radio-vyavasthaapaken saha vivaadasya anantaram saa nishkasita abhavat. 1960 tamasya dashakasy aarambhe prasaramadhyameshu mukta-bhashayaha krute samaaptih daat-taim pradadat. gulf-coast-maadhyameshu sthaatum, gruhe vastooni samyak sthaapayitum cha prayasasya asmin vyastakaale daat-varyasya samparkah ekaa vaalaa-tea. vee. udghoshakena krutah, yaa icchati sma yat saa down-town-mobail-madhye admiral sems-hotel-taha sthanakasya nutanasya "pool-said" iti karyakramasya saha-aatitheyatvam karoti iti. daat ityayam karyam sveekrutavaan, rachanaatmakaroopen shaareerikaroopen cha svakshetranam vistaaram nirantaram krutavaan. poolsaid" ityasya safalaprayaatraayaah anantaram daat ityeshah free-lancing-prati pratyagatavan, yasmin geffers department-store ityasya krute kechan karyani, pensacola-steshan-verr-tea. vee. ityasya krute teshaam vidnyaapanaani cha antarbhavanti. yadaa daat penscola ityasmin ekasaptahaha yaavat vidnyaapanaayaah saarwajanik-pradarshanasy cha anantaram jaann-drushtehe bahihi gantum sajjaha bhavati sma, tadaa vaalaa-nagare karyam kurwatah ekaha mitrah geffers-store ityanena tam kimapi shubhavaartaam daatum vilambitah. tasyaah swakeeyah nootanah madhyaahn-taak-sho, agrima-somavaasare prathamapradarshane niyatah aasit, yatra sarve atithayah tasmin saptahasya krute arakshanam krutavantah. 1963 mey 14 dinaanke "daat moor end kampanee" iti padam madhyahnaat 12:30 p paryantam prasaaritam.emm. daat-ityasya praharam krutasya radio-vyavasthaapakam, swasya dooradarshan-pratirupat tasyaah pratyaagamanasy vishaye dnyaatvaa, antatah nishkaasitah abhavat. dakshina-mississippy-taha florida-pyanhyandal-paryantam darshakaah daat-help-vaalaa iti mobail-ityasya mardy-grass-day-utsavam api 33 varshaani yaavat drushtavantah. daat moor end kampanee" ityasya prasarasya dashavarshaanantaram daat-samsthaayai danny trainor iti aana-err-partner dattah, 1973 tame varshe "gulf coast toodey" iti namna prasidhah abhavat.emm. ena. bee. see. ityasya "toodey" ityasya anantaram kaaryakramah agrimeshu chaturvarshaani yaavat etaadrushee praaroopen saha anwawartat yaavat daat ityanena karyakramasya upasthaapakasy nirmaatru cha sthaanam punah naa praapitam. 1979 september-maase, "gulf coast toodey" ityasya prasaaranam saptaahe ekavaaram aarabdham, tatah poorvam tasya punah daat ityasya naam aasit. "da daat moor sho" iti 21 shataabdyaam yaavat vaalaa ityasya karyasuchyam bhavishyati. nakshatrai cha. swasya vruttijeevanakaale, moore ityeshaa dooradarshan-sakshatkarartham anekaah dhanikaah prasidhaah cha janaah militavatee, yat vaartaakaaraanaam dooradarshan-vyaktitvaanaam cha krute, upagraha-sakshatkara-sanchalanayaha samanya-paddhatihi bhavitum poorvam, ateeva sulabham aasit. saa militanam sarveshu janeshu, enn. bii. sii.-pashchimasy "da hai chaaparal" ityasya bhootapoorvah pensacola-nivaasee tathaa mitrah leaf erikson aasit, yah agamibhyaha varshaani yaavat jaalasy taarakaih saha daat-ityasya sambandham jeevantum sahayyam krutavaan. etaadrushena hollywood-sambaddhen dooradarshan-kshetre katipayaani paatraani aagataah, yathaa erikson-varyasya kaaryakramah, claude-akims-varyena saha "movin-aan" iti kaaryakramah cha, daat-varyasya anekaasu atithisamooheshu anyah ekaha ("movin-aan" iti chalacchitram ekavaaram mobail-madhye tathaa tasya paritah kshetreshu sthiteshu chitritam aasit). janaan atirichya daat-varyasya bangaal-vyaghrena tasya prashikshakena cha saha sakshatkaranam jaatam, yat aardr-kshane api bahu uttamm jaatam, yena jaanee-carson, tasya sammukheekrutah vaanarah cha haasyam cha krutavantah. 1985 tame varshe sarve shubhaani vastooni samaaptaani bhavanti sma, yadaa enn. bee. see. ityanena moor ityasya vimaanayaanaani prasidham drashtum samaaptaani, samparkarupena tishtitum jaalasy nava-sthapita-upagraha-tantrajnaanena saha samaapanam avashyam kartavyam, parantu apavaadaah aasan. kalaa-linklator tathaa jaak mahonee ityetaah daat ityasya pradarshanasy saptaahatrayam yaavat praprathamaani prasiddh-atithayah aasan. peepal ez fannie" emsee tathaa cha "yancy deringer" iti taarakah tasmin eva dine chara-chalachitre aasan. 1973 tame varshe mey-maase amerikaadeshasy junier miss-national-fannels-kreedaayaah krute edd-meck-mohan ityayam mobail-yaanam agacchat, api cha saha 14 mey dinaanke moor ityasya dashamawaarshik-pradarshanasy krute vaalaa-nagare viraamam krutavaan. "adhunaa, hey daatee!"etat tasya friend daat ityasya krute edd ityasya parichayah aasit, yadaa saa prasaarane gantum sajjaha aasit, yat etaavat ashcharyakaram jaatam yat tatt kadaapi pradarshanasy tapping madhye naa abhavat. pashchat varshaani. 1990 tame dashake moore ityasya ravivaasare samudayikaseva-kaaryakrame chaturtha-avataarasya cha, taragananam saakshaatkaarasy apekshayaa saarwajanik-kaaryeshu adhikam dhyanam dattam. 1996 tame varshe faaks ityasya krute ena. bee. see. ityanena saha 43 varshebhyah sambadhataam parivartayantee, vaalaa-tea. vee. ityatra tasyaah upasthitihi nyooneekrutah, tathaapi daat ityeshaa swasya bhramanadinani mobail-baahye janaan avadat. tasyaah, varshaanuvarshebhyah militanam jananam cha shatashah chaayaachitraani drushya-sahaayakaroopen karyam krutavantah. dooradarshanasy drushyaat aarabhy dirghakaalaat darshakaah daat ityasya keshavinyaase varne cha vividhaah parivartanaah drushtavantah. prayojakanam drushtau tasyaah varsheshu, yadaa te swarnnaangeem, shyamalinam, raktamudraah cha mahilaam vaayuveshu icchanti sma. daat ityeshaa 1994 tame varshe swakeeye keshavinyaasasya moolyam daatum arhati sma. tasyaah darshakanam krute anyat ashcharyakaram binduhu aasit california-deshasya ekajoda ghutanam uccha-boots, yatra tasyaah padatraneshu ruchibhihi vaalaavartanam prajjwalitam aasit. "da daat moor sho" iti antimavaaram 2004 julai 11 dinaanke, moor ityasya kaar-durghatanayaha ekasaptahaha api nyoone samaye eva prasaaritam. mitrasya tathaa sahavarti-sthaniya-maadhyam-vyaktitvasya maama henry ityanena saha aneke chala-nivaasinaam matena daat ityasya nivruttehe montgomeri-nagaram prati sthanantarasya cha kaaranam eshaa durghatanaa aasit. saa 2007 mey 23 dinaanke alabama-nagarasya montgomeri-nagare mrutavatee.

tott muur tott muur (mae 15,1914-mae 23,2007) oru america tholaikaatchi aalumai mattrum alaipaesi, alapaamaavilirunthu 46 aandugalaaka natchaththiranggalukkaana "thoothar" aavaar. avarathu neenda oliparappu vaazhkkai naanku paechchu nigazhchchigal, americavin kilakku mattrum maerku kadarkaraigalukku aeraalamaana payanangkal mattrum tholaikaatchi mattrum thiraippada natchaththiranggaludan dajan kanakkaana uraiyaadalgalaik kondirundhadhu. avar iranththapoathu, yuu. ess. pirathinithi joow paanar avarathu ninaivai qalla ors ravithaar, idhu congress pathivil ullidappattullathu. aaramba aandugal. avar ploaridaavin benzagolavil piranthaar, maelum avarathu kudumbam 12 vayathaaka irunththapoathu mobile nagarnthathu. dorathy "tott" flet avarathu ilam manathaiyum kankalaiyum oru nadigaiyaaga maattriyathu. oru arikuriyaaga, joann crafford poantra thiraippatankalaip pinpattruvatharkaana avarathu muyarchi irunththathu, avar thaanaaga munvanthu palliyaith thavirththa naatkalil avaraip paarthaar. iruthiyil avar maedaiyil ulloor alavil nigazhththa mudinththaalum, naadagaththil oru kuripitta kavarchi illai endru mudivu seithaar. tholaikaatchiyil avarathu aandugalil paarvaiyaalarkal meendum thoandruvatharku munbu paaduvatharkaana tattin aarvangkal, adhu avalukku oru elithaana, aanaal iyarkaiyaana unarvai aliththathu. thanathu vaazhnaal kanavugalai niraivaettruvatharku munbu, moorae leancouff thodakka mattrum marbi uyarnilaip pallyil thanathu pallip padippai mudippaar, steamship vanigaththil irunththa thanathu thanthaikku nerukkamaana seyalaalaraaga thanathu muthal vaelaiyai mudippaar. aduththathaaga avar alabama palkalaikkazhaga virivaakka maiyaththil pathivaalar aluvalagaththil paniyaattrinaar, inththa seyalpaattil thanathu ethirkaala nerkaanal thirankalai koormaippaduththinaar. palkalaikkazhagaththil irunththapoathu, yuu-ill oru idam vazhangkappattathu.ess. nagaraththin nadamaadum mattrum yuu. ess. ill ulla poriyaalarkalin iraanuvap padai aluvalagam.ess. brookley kazhaththil ulla vimaanappadai aluvalagam. avar baltimore poorveega robard josaph millarai manantha sirithu neraththilaeyae vimaanappadai aluvalagaththil visaaranai nilai vanthathu. avarathu kanavar kaasanoayaal iranthaar, tott mattrum irandu vayathu magan paapiyai vittuch sentraar. avarathu kanavarin maranatthaith thodarnthu, tott springhill avenue niruvanaththil "tots truss shahbe" thiranthaar. angku, tott irandu penkalai sandhiththaar, avarkal vanoli mattrum tholaikaatchi vanigaththirku avalai arimugappaduththuvaargal, oru vanoli aalumai vidumuraikku selkiraar mattrum cooney pee hoop thanathu tholaikaatchi nigazhchchikku daattai alaiththaar. paap millerine maranaththirku ainthu aandugalukkup piragu, tott thanathu irandaavathu kanavarai sandhiththaar, missoriyin moan stephens muur, oru nanbar avarai thanathu duffin theru veettirku azhaiththapoathu. meendum, noai tattin thirumanatthai niruththum, maelum irandu paer thiru. moorukku migavum surukkamaaga meendum thaniyaaga vidappattathai arinthirunthaar. thukkaththin oru kaalaththirkup piragu, tott athae vanoli nilaiyaththil oru vaelaiyaik kandupiditthu meendum vaelaikkuch sentraar, adhu avarai oliparappukku arimugappaduththiyathu, vaap. paathi vazhi pulli. muur 1958 aam aandil vaap-ill oru varavaerpaalaraaka irunthaar, mobile pathivaettil sonthamaana nilaiyaththin keezh oru nilai, idhu avarathu kuraindha thoniyil parantha vanoli paarvaiyaalarkalukku muun paesa vazhivagukkum, oru vaap arivippaalarin virupaththaip pettrathu. radio mattrum tholaikaatchi vilambarangkal, times podhu saevai arivippin tholaikaatchi anivaguppu udpada, moorai oru nankodaiyaalaraagak konda oru tholaikaatchi arivippu, vaap mattrum vcap vanoliyil vaelai seitha oru varudaththirkum maelaaga avalukku aethaavathu sambaathikkum, munththaiya samaiyalkarar udalnalak kaaranangalukkaaga veliyaera vaendiya naalaantha arai manii naera nigazhchchi "saenal 10 samaiyalarai". iruppinum, tott oru samaiyalkarar alla. oru thozhilmurai samaiyalkararaik kandupiditthu paarvaiyaalarkalukku muun moorai udhava anumathippathae vaalaavin theervaagum. general electric nidhiyudhavi aliththa thittaththin neradi vilambarangkalil tott kadaisi karuththaiyum pettraar. oaivu pettra piragum kooda, tott thannai samaippathil adhigam aarvam kaattavillai, iruppinum avarathu vaazhkkaiyin iruthi varai, avar studio samaiyalaraiyil thanathu samaiyal virunththinargaludan paesuvathaik kaana mudinthathu. tott thanathu maganai duna meane caserol poantra elithil thayaarikkappadum ontrai nanku valarkka mudinthathu, idhil baabi sila nerangalil nagaichchuvaiyaaga iruppaar. samaiyal nigazhchchi oppantham mudintha piragu, tott valla vanoli pokkuvaraththuth thuraiyil oru vaniga nagal ezhuththaalaraaga vaanolikkuth thirumbinaar. kattidaththin tholaikaatchi pakkam thangal vilambarangkal allathu podhu saevai idangkalukku alaippu viduththa nerangalum irunththana. podhuvaaga oliparappu vithigalai meerum kaagitha vaelai thodarbaaga puthiya vanoli maelaalarudan aerpatta thagaraarukkup piragu avar neekkappattaar. 1960kalin murpaguthiyil uudakangkalil suthanthiramaana paechchu vaarthaikku mudivu pulli neraththai aliththathu. valaikuda kadarkarai uudakangkalil thangkuvatharkum, vishayangkalai veettil nandraaga vaiththiruppatharkum muyarchikkum inththa pisiyaana kaalakattathil, oru vaalaa-divi arivipaalaraal tott thodarbu kollappattaar, avar nilaiyaththin puthiya nigazhchchiyaana "boolsite" aii nagaraththil ulla admiral sems hootalil irunthu inai-hoast seiya virumbinaar. tott vaelaiyai aetrtrukkondaar mattrum thanathu ellaikalai aakkappoorvamaagavum udalreethiyaagavum virivupaduththath thodarnthaar. boolsite vetrtrikaramaaka oodiya piragu, tott ilavasa-lancingirkuth thirumbinaar, idhil cafer department storukkaana sila vaelaigal mattrum benzagola station vaer-divikkaana avarkalin vilambarangkal adangkum. oru vaara vilambarangkal mattrum benzagolavil podhu thoattraththirkup piragu pulli podhumakkalin paarvaiyilirunthu veliyaerath thayaaraagik kondirunthapoathu, vaalaavil panipuriyum oru nanbar cafer kadaiyil sila nalla seithigalai vazhangkuvatharkaaga nirutthinaar. avarathu sontha oru puthiya pirpakal paechchu nigazhchchi aduththa thinkatkizhamai thiraiyidappattathu, antha vaaraththirku anaitthu virunththinargalum munbathivu seithanar. 1963 mae 14 andru, "tott muur & kambeni" mathiyam muthal 12:30 p varai kaattril sentrathu.emm. avar thanathu tholaikaatchi sagavaridamirunthu thirumbiyathai arintha sirithu neraththilaeyae radio maelaalar iruthiyil panineekkam seiyappattaar. therku missippi muthal plorida banhandle varayilaana paarvaiyaalargalum 33 aandugalaaka tott help vaalaa mobile carty gross thina kondaattatthai paarkka mudinthathu. tott muur & kambeni" oliparapappattu paththu aandugalukkup piragu, tott danny trenor endra peyaril oru oliparappu banguthaarar vazhangkappattathu, maelum inththa nigazhchchi 1973 aam aandil "intru valaikuda kadarkarai" endru ariyappattathu. kaalai 9 manii.emm. enn. pii. chii. yinn "intru" nigazhchchiyaith thodarnthu varum nigazhchchi aduththa naanku aandugalukku inththa vadivaththudan thodarnthathu, tott nigazhchchiyin puravalar mattrum thayaarippaalarin nilaiyai meendum perum varai. 1979 septambaril, "valaikuda kadarkarai intru" meendum pulliyin peyaraip peruvatharku munbu oru vaaraththirku oru murai oliparappath thodangiyathu. "tott muur show" 21 aam noottraandil valaavin attavanaiyil irukkum. pulli mattrum natchaththiranggal. thanathu thozhil vaazhkkaiyil, moorae tholaikaatchi nerkaanalkalukkaaga aeraalamaana selvantharkalaiyum pirabalangkalaiyum sandhiththaar, idhu seyarkaikkoal nerkaanalgalai nadaththuvatharkaana podhuvaana vazhiyaaga maaruvatharku munbu paththirigaiyaalarkal mattrum tholaikaatchi piramukarkalukku migavum elithaaka irunththathu. avar santhiththa anaitthu makkalil, munnaal benzagola kudiyiruppaalarum, enn. pii. chii merkaththiya "hye saaparal" inn nanbarumaana leaf erickson thaan netvorkin natchaththiranggaludan pulliyin uravai pala aandugalaaka uyirudan vaiththiruka udhavinaar. aththagaiya hollywood inaippudan tholaikaatchiyil oru sila paaththirangkal vanthana, idhil erickson nigazhchchi mattrum clowt aakinsudan "moavin 'aann" endra nigazhchchi adangkum, tattin pala virunththinargalil oruvar ("moavin' aann" mobile mattrum athaich suttriyulla pakuthikalil oru murai padamaakkappattathu). makkalaith thavira, oru vangaalap buulii mattrum adhan payirchiyaalarudan oru pulli santhiththirunthathu, idhu johnny carson mattrum avar santhiththa kurangai sirikka vaikkum oru eeramaana tharunam irunththapoathilum migavum nandraaga sentrathu. 1985 aam aandil anaitthu nalla vishayangkalum mudivukku varum, enn. pii. chii moorin vimaanangkalai pugazhpettra idaththaip paarvaiyida niruththiyathu mattrum netvorkin puthithaaga niruvapatta seyarkaikkoal tholilnutpaththudan thodarbu kolla vaendum, aanaal vithivilakkukal irunththana. kalai inaipuththaal mattrum jaak mahoni tattin muthal pugazhpettra virunththinargalaaga avarathu nigazhchchiyin oottaththil moontru vaarangkal irunththana. makkal vaedikkaiyaanavargal" emsy mattrum "yancy terringer" natchatthiram athae naalil mobile ill irunththathu. edd mcmahone mae 1973 ill americavin juuniyar miss thaesiya iruthip poattikalukkaaga mobile parvaiyittaar, maelum avar mae 14 andru moorin paththaavathu aandu vizhaavil thoandra vaalaavil oru nirutthaththai aerpaduththinaar."avar oliparappukkuch sellath thayaaraagik kondirundhadhaal avarathu nanbar taattirkaana edd arimugamaaga irunththathu, idhu orupoathum nigazhchchiyin dappingle nuzhaiyaatha alavukku aachchariyamaaka irunththathu. pinnar pala aandugal. 1990kazhil, moorin gnaayiru samooga sevaith thittam mattrum naankaavathu avathaaram natchaththiranggaludan nerkaanalgalai vida podhu vivagaarangkalil adhiga kavanam seluththiyathu. 1996 aam aandil narigalukku enn. pii. chii udan adhan 43 aandu inaippai maatriya vaalaa-divi meethu avarathu iruppu kuraindha poathilum, tott thanathu mobile veliyae payanam seitha naatkazhaip pattri makkalukkuth thodarnthaar. pala aandugalaaka avar santhiththa nabarkalaik konda noottrukkanakkaana pugaippadangkal kaatchi uthaviyaaga seyalpattana. neendakaala paarvaiyaalarkal tholaikaatchiyil thoantriyathilirunthu tattin sigai alangaaram mattrum niraththil palvaeru maattrangkalaik kavaniththullanar. spaancharkalin paarvaiyil avarathu aandugalil, avarkal oru ponniramaana, brunet allathu sivappu thalai konda pennai kaattril virumbiya nerangal irunththana. tott 1994 aam aandil thanathu sontha sigai alangaaraththirku panam seluththuvaar. avarathu paarvaiyaalarkalukku mattroru aachariyamaana pulli californiavilirunthu oru jody muzhangaal uyaramaana boods, athil avarathu kaalanigalil aarvamullavargalaal vaalaa switchpoardu olirum. "thii tott muur show" kadaisiyaaga juulai 11,2004 andru oliparappappattathu, moorukku oru kaarr vibaththu aerpatta oru vaaraththirkul. nanbar mattrum saga ulloor uudaga aalumai maama hendri udpada pala mobile kudiyiruppaalargalin koottruppadi, inththa vibaththu tattin oaivu mattrum mandcomericu sella kaaranamaaga irunththathu. avar mae 23,2007 andru, mondcomery, alapaamaavil iranthaar.

dott moor dott moor (mae 15,1914-mae 23,2007) oka american television vyaktitvam mariyu mobile, alabama nundi 46 samvatsaraalu nakshatraalaku "ambasider". aame sudeergha prasaara vrutti naalugu tock show avataaraalu, united states yokka thoorpu mariyu paschima tiiraalaku aneka paryatanalu mariyu television mariyu chalana chitra taaralatoe dozenla koddi sambhaashanhalu. aame maraninchinappudu, yuu. ess pratinidhi jooe bonner aame ghnaapakasaktini gowravinchaaru, idhi congress recordulo namodu cheyabadindi. prarambha samvatsaraalu. aame floridaloni pensacolalo janminchindi, aame 12 samvatsaraala vayassulo aame kutumbam mobile kuu maarindi. dorothy "dott" fillet aame yuva manasu mariyu kallu nati kaavadampai kendrikrutamai unnaayi. oka suuchana emitante, zaan crowford vanti sinimaalanu anukarinche aame prayatnam, aame swachchandamgaa paatasaalanu daatavesina rojullo dott chuusaaru. sthaanikamgaa vedikapai pradarsana ivvagaliginappatiki, theatreku pratyaekamaina aakarshana ledani aame chivariki nirdhaarinchindi. televisionlo aame samvatsaraalalo prekshakula mundu pradarsinchadaaniki dott yokka aasaktulu tirigi kanipistaayi, endukante idhi aameku sulabhamaina, inca sahajamaina anubhootini ichindi. thana jeevitakaala kalalanu neraverchadaaniki mundu, moore thana modati udyogam mundu leincouff praathamika mariyu marfi unnata paatasaalalo paatasaala vidyanu puurti chesi, steamship vyaparamlo unna thana tandriki daggaragaa kaaryadarsigaa panichesevaadu. aaa taruvaata aame alabama vishwavidyaalaya vistarana kendramlo registrar karyalayamlo panichesi, eee prakriyaloo thana bhavishyat interview naipunhyaalanu padunu pettindi. vishwavidhyaalayamlo unnappudu, dott kuu yuu loe oka sthaanam ivvabadindi.ess. diguva pattanamlo mobile mariyu yuu loe armi corps off injaneers karyalayam.ess. brookley feeled vadda vaimanika dalam karyalayam. baltimoreku chendina robbert joseph millarnu aame vivaham chesukunna koddikaalaanike vaimanika dhala karyalayamlo parisoedhanaatmaka sthaanam vachindi. aame bhartha kshayavyaadhitho maraninchaadu, dott mariyu rendella kumarudu baabini vadili vellaadu. aame bhartha maranam taruvaata, dott spring hill avenue sthaapanalo "dots drusses shahpe" nuu terichindi. akkada, dott aamenu radeo mariyu television vyaapaaraaniki parichayam chese iddaru mahilalanu kalusukunnaru, selavulo vellae radeo vyaktitvam mariyu thana television shoku daatnu aahvaaninchina coney bii hope. baab miller maraninchina aidu samvatsaraala taruvaata, dott thana rendava bhartanu kalusukundi, missori yokka ontari stephen moore, oka snehitudu atanini thana doffin veedhi intiki aahvaaninchinappudu. mallii, anaaroogyam dott yokka vivahanni aapivestundi, mariyu iddaru vyaktulu mister. moorku chaalaa kluptamgaa mallii ontarigaa migilipoyamani telusu. kontha kaalam santaapam taruvaata, dott prasaaraaniki parichayam chesina adhe radeo stationlo udyogam kanugonna taruvaata tirigi paniki vellaadu, wab. sagam maargam point. moore 1958loe wab vadda receptionistga unnaaru, mobile register yaajamaanyamloni station krinda unna sthaanam, idhi aame takkuva swaramtho vistruta radeo prekshakula mundu maatlaadataaniki daariteestundi, oka wab anaunsar yokka ishtanni sampaadistundi. radeo mariyu tv vaanijya prakatanalu, diams praja seva prakatana yokka television march thoo sahaa, moornu daatagaa choopinchadam valla aame oka samvatsaram kante ekkuva sampaadistundi, wab mariyu wakab radeo kosam pani chesina tarvaata, rojuvaaree araganta karyakramam "chhaanel 10 kitchen" vaalaa-tvlo munupati cheff aarogya kaaranaala valla vellavalasi vachindi. ayithe, dott vantavaadu kaadu. oka professional chephnu kanugoni, moornu prekshakula mundu sahayam cheyadaaniki anumatinchadam vaalaa yokka parishkaram. general electric spaansar chesina programme yokka pratyaksha prakatanallo dott chivari vyakhyanu kooda pondaadu. padavee viramana chesina taruvaata kooda, dott tanaku taanu vanta chesukovadam antagaa ishtam ledhu, ayinappatikee aame kereer mugise varaku, aame studio vantagadilo thana vanta athidhulatho matladatam kanipinchindi. dott thana kodukunu tuna fish casroll vanti sulabhamgaa tayaaru cheyagala aaharaanni baga pooshinchagaligindi, indulo baabii konnisaarlu saradaagaa matladevadu. vanta karyakramam oppandam puurtayina taruvaata, dott vaalaa radeo traaphik vibhaagamlo vaanijya coppy raitarga radioku tirigi vacchaadu. bhavanam yokka tv vaipu vaari vaanijya prakatanalu ledhaa praja seva pradaesaala kosam dott anie piliche sandarbhaalu kooda unnaayi. saadhaaranamgaa prasaara niyamaalanu ullanghinche kaagitapu panulapai kotta radeo menejartho vivaadam taruvaata aamenu tolaginchaaru. 1960la praarambhamlo media loe swechhanu pradarsinchadaaniki mugimpu dott time ichindi. gulph coast medialo undataaniki mariyu intlo vishayalanu baga unchadaaniki prayatnistunna eee bijeegaa unna kaalamlo, daatnu oka vaalaa-tv anaunsar sampradinchaaru, aame station yokka kotta programme "poolside" nuu down town mobailloni admiral sems hotel nundi saha-host cheyaalani korukunnaru. dott aaa udyogaanni angeekarinchi, srujanaatmakamgaa mariyu saareerakamgaa thana paridhulanu vistarinchadam konasaaginchindi. poolside" vijayavantamgaa nadichina taruvaata, dott gafers department store kosam kontha pani mariyu pensacola station ware-tv kosam vaari vaanijya prakatanalatho sahaa free-lansinghku tirigi vacchaadu. oka vaaram vaanijya prakatanalu mariyu pensacolalo bahiranga pradarsanala tarvaata prajala drushti nundi bayatapadataaniki dott siddhamgaa unnappudu, valalo panichese oka snehitudu gafer dukaanam vadda aameku konni subhavaartalu andinchadaaniki aagipoyaadu. aame sonta kotta madhyahnam tock show taruvaati somavaaram premiyarku sett cheyabadindi, aaa vaaram kosam atithulandaruu book cheyabaddaaru. 1963 mae 14naa, "dott moor & company" madhyahnam mariyu 12:30 p madhya prasaram ayindi.emm. thana tv counter nundi aame tirigi vachinatlu telusukunna ventane radeo managernu tolaginchaaru. dakshina mississippi nundi florida panhandle varaku prekshakulu 33 samvatsaraala paatu dott help vaalaa cover mobile yokka mardy grass day vedukanu kooda chudagaligaru. dott moor & company" prasaram ayina padeella taruvaata, dott kuu daanii trenar anae aann-air bhagaswamy ivvabadindi mariyu eee pradarsana 1973loe "gulph coast tude" gaa prasiddhi chendindi.emm. enbisi yokka "tude" nuu anusarinche karyakramam tadupari naalugu samvatsaraalu eee formatto konasaagindi, dott show yokka host mariyu nirmaata sthaanaanni tirigi pondhe varaku. 1979 septembarulo, "gulph coast tude" mallii dott paerunu pondadaaniki mundu vaaraaniki okasari prasaram cheyadam praarambhinchindi. "dott moor show" 21va sataabdam varaku vaalaa schedulene undipotundi. chukkalu mariyu nakshatraalu. thana kereerlo, moore aneka mandhi sampannulanu mariyu pramukha vyaktulanu television interviewla kosam kalusukunnaru, idhi satellite interviewlu nirvahinchadaaniki oka saadhaarana maargamgaa maaradaaniki mundu paatrikeyulu mariyu television vyaktulaku chaalaa sulabham. aame kalusukunna prajalandarilo, enbisi westran "hye chaparal" yokka maajee pensacola nivasi mariyu snehitudu leaf ericson, network yokka nakshatraalato dott yokka sambandhaanni raboye samvatsaraallo sajeevamgaa unchadaaniki sahayapaddadu. atuvanti hollywood connectiontho televisionlo konni paatralu vachayi, veetilo ericson yokka karyakramam mariyu claud kins thoo "movin aann" show, dott yokka aneka mandhi atithulalo marokati ("movin aann" mobile mariyu daani chuttupakkala praantaalalo okasari chithreekarinchabadindi). prajalatho paatu, oka bengali puli mariyu daani sikshakuditoe dott encounter jarigindi, idhi tadi kshanam unnappatikee chaalaa baga jarigindi, adhi johnny carson mariyu athanu edurkonna kothini navvistundi. 1985loe anni manchi vishayalu mugisipotayi, enbisi moor yokka vimanalanu prasiddha sandarsinchadaaniki muginchindi mariyu networklo kottagaa vyavasthaapinchina upagraha saanketikatato sthirapadaali, conny minahaayimpulu unnaayi. art link letter mariyu jaak mahoni aame pradarsanalo moodu vaaraala paatu dott yokka modati pramukha atithulu. prajalu funny" anie emmy mariyu "yamsi derringer" starr adhe roeju mobile loe undataaniki jarigindi. edd mcmahan mae 1973loe america juuniyar miss national finals kosam mobailnu sandarsinchaaru, inca athanu mae 14naa moor yokka padava vaarshikotsava pradarsanalo kanipinchadaaniki vaalaa vadda aagipoyaadu."aame prasaaraaniki siddhamgaa unnanduna athani snehitudi dott kosam edd parichayam, idhi show yokka tapinglo ennadoo pravesinchani vidhamgaa aascharyapooyindi. taruvaata samvatsaraalu. 1990laloe, moore yokka aadivaaram samaja seva karyakramam mariyu nalgava avataaram taaralatoe interviewla kante praja vyavahaaraala vyaktulapai ekkuva drushti saarinchaayi. 1996loe enbeeseetho 43 yella anubandhaanni marchukunna vaalaa-tvlo aame uniki tagginappatikee, dott thana mobile velupala prayaaninchina rojula gurinchi prajalaku cheppadam konasaaginchindi. aame mariyu aame samvatsaraalugaa kalusukunna vyaktulanu choopinche vandalaadi photolu drushya sahayamga panicheesaayi. televisionlo kanipinchinappati nundi dott yokka kesalankarana mariyu rangulo vividha maarpulanu deerghakaala prekshakulu gamaninchaaru. aame samvatsaraalalo, spaansarla drushtilo, vaaru aakaasamlo andagatte, shyaamali ledhaa errati thala gala mahilanu korukune sandarbhaalu undevi. dott 1994 loe aame sonta kesalankaranaku chellistundi. aame prekshakulaku maroka aascharyakaramaina chukka california nundi mokali ettaina bootlu, aame paadarakshalapai aasakti unnavaaru vaalaa switch boardnu veliginchaaru. "moorku kaaru pramaadam jarigina vaaram kante takkuva samayamlone, 2004 juulai 11naa "dhi dott moor show" chivarisariga prasaram cheyabadindi. snehitudu mariyu thoti sthaanika media vyaktitvam maama henrytho sahaa chaalaa mandhi mobile nivaasitula prakaram, dott padavee viramanaku mariyu montgomeriki velladaaniki eee pramaadam kaaranam. aame mae 23,2007naa alabaamaaloni montgomerylo maraninchindi.

ddaat morr ddaat morr (15 mayee 1914-23 mayee 2007) eek americi tye wee shaqsiyat aur mobile alabama say 46 saal takk sataron kay liye "safeer" thay. inn kaa taweel nashriyati carrier chaar taak show autaar riyasathaye muthadah kay mashriqi aur maghrabi sahilon kay mutadid dooron aur teeli vision aur motion pakchar starz kay saath darjanon guftagu parr maheet thaa. jabb inn kii moth hoyee tuu americi numayende juu bonar nay inn kii yaad kuu kharaaj tehseen paish kiyaa juu congress kay record mein darj hay. ibtadayi saal. wah penschola fluoreda mein paida hoyee thee aur jabb wah 12 saal kii thee tuu iss kaa khaandaan mobile parr chalaa gayaa. dorothi "ddaat" fleet nay iss kaa naujawan dimagh aur aankhein adakarah bannay parr markoz kirr rakhee thein. iss kaa eek asharah yaha thaa kahh iss nay joaan crafword jaisi filmon kii nql karnay kii koshish kii jinhein inn dunon dekha gayaa jabb iss nay razakarana toor parr school chhod diyaa thaa. aakhir kaar iss nay yaha natijah akhz kiyaa kahh theater mein koyee khaas lalch nahein hay halankah wah maqami toor parr stage parr perform karnay mein kamiyab rahee. teeli vision parr apnay saalon kay doraan saamayin kay dobarah saamney aaney say pehley perform karnay kay liye ddaat kii dilchaspiyan keunkah iss say asay eek aasaan leakin fitri ahsaas hawaa. apnay zindagi bhar kay khwabon kuu poraa karnay say pehley morr apnay waalid kay qareebi secertry kii haisiyat say apnee pehli nokari say pehley juu kahh bhaap jehaaz kay karobar mein thay lancoff elementary aur marfi hayee school mein apnee scholing makmal karti. iss kay baad inhon nay alabama university kay tausiyi markaz mein registrar kay daftar mein kaam kiyaa iss amal mein apnee mustaqabil kii intervieve kii maharat kuu teez kiyaa. university mein rehtay huay ddaat kuu yuu mein jagah kii paishkash kii gayee thee.aiss. shehar kay markaz mein mobile aur yuu mein aarmi coor aaf engineers kaa daftar.aiss. broklay feld mein fazaiya kaa daftar. fazaiya kay daftar mein taftishi position iss kay baltimore kay maqami raabart jozaf miller say shaadi karnay kay foraa baad aayee. iss kay shohar kaa tapp daq say inteqal how gayaa wah ddaat aur duu saalah betay boby kuu peeche chhod gayaa. apnay shohar kii moth kay baad ddaat nay spring hull avenio stablishment parr "dots dress shaap" khola. wahaan ddaat kii mulaqat inn duu khwatin say hoyee juu asay redio aur teeli vision kay karobar say mutaarif karayein gee eek redio shaqsiyat juu chhatiyon parr jaa rahee hay aur konee bee hoop jiss nay ddaat kuu apnay teeli vision show mein madau kiyaa. baab miller kii moth kay paanch saal baad ddaat apnee dosray shohar lune stephens morr aaf mesori say millie jabb eek dost nay asay apnay dofen strait hoam mein madau kiyaa. eek baar pahar bemari ddaat kii shaadi kuu rook day gee aur donon loag mister. morr kuu malum thaa kahh behat mukhtasir arsey kay liye wah dobarah akilay rahh gayey thay. soog kay eek arsey kay baad ddaat asee redio station mein nokari talaash karnay kay baad kaam parr waps chalaa gayaa jiss nay asay broadcasting say mutaarif karaya dabliyo aey bee bee. aadhay raastay kaa naqtah. morr 1958 mein waib mein isteqbaliya saaz thein juu mobile register kii malkiyat waalay station kay tahat eek position thee juu apnee kumm aawaz waali aawaz kay saath wasee redio saamayin kay saamney baath karnay kaa baais banti thee jiss say eek waib aalaan kanandah kii pasand haasil hoti thee. redio aur tye wee ishteharat bashmol diams publik saros kay eek teeli vision maarch mein morr kuu batoor donor paish karnay kaa aalaan wah waab aur wakaab redio kay liye kaam karnay kay eek saal say ziyadah arsey baad kachh kamaye gee juu kahh waala tye wee parr rozanah aadhay ghantay kaa prograam "chinal 10 kachan" hay juu pachlay sheef kuu sehat kii wajuhaat kii banaa parr chhodna padaa thaa. tahim ddaat bawarchi nahein thaa. waala kaa hall eek paishah warr sheef talaash karnaa aur morr kuu nazireen kay saamney madad karnay deena thaa. ddaat kuu general electrik kay zeer ahtamam prograam kay braah raast ishteharaat mein bhee aakhri tabsarah milaa. retirement kay baad bhee ddaat kuu khood khaana pakanay kaa ziyadah shoq nahein thaa phir bhee apnay carrier kay ikhtatam takk wah studio kachan mein apnay khaana pakanay waalay mahmanon say baath kartay nazar aatee thein. ddaat apnay betay kuu tonaa fash caserol jaisi aasaan cheez parr achhi tarah say prorish dilanay mein kamiyab rahee jiss mein boby baaz auqaat mazaaq kartaa thaa. khaana pakanay kay show kaa muahidah khatam honay kay baad ddaat waala redio trafic department mein commercial kaapi ryter kay toor parr redio mein waps aayaa. eek waqat aisa bhee thaa jabb emarat kay tye wee side nay apnay ishteharaat yaa awami khadmat kay maqamat kay liye ddaat aann ddaat kaa mutalibah kiyaa. asay nayey redio meniger kay saath kaghazi kararwai parr tanazah kay baad bartarf kirr diyaa gayaa thaa juu aam toor parr nashriyati qawanin kii khalaaf warzi kartaa hay. 1960 kii dahayi kay awail mein mediya mein free laans kuu khatam karnay say ddaat tyme milaa. khaliji saahil kay mediya mein rehney aur gahar mein cheezon kuu achhi tarah say rakhnay kii koshish kay iss masruf door mein ddaat say eek waala-tye wee kaa aalaan kanandah raabtah kiyaa juu chahta thaa kahh wah shehar kay markaz mein admiral seams hotal say station kay nayey prograam "poul side" kii mushtarkah mezbani karay. ddaat nay iss kaam kuu qabool kiyaa aur takhliqi aur jasmani toor parr apnay afq kuu badhana jaari rakhaa. poul side" kay kamiyab runn kay baad ddaat free lansing mein waps aagiya jiss mein gaifar kay department store kay liye kachh kaam aur pensacola station veer-tye wee kay liye inn kay ishteharaat shaamil haine. jabb ddaat pensacola mein eek haftay kay ishteharaat aur awami numaish kay baad awaam kii nazaron say baahir nikalnay kay liye tayaar how rehaa thaa tuu waala mein kaam karnay waala eek dost asay kachh achhi khabar pahunchanay kay liye gaifar kay store kay paas rakk gayaa. aglay peer kuu iss kaa apnaa eek neeya dopahar kaa taak show premier honay waala thaa jiss mein tamaam mahmanon nay iss haftay kay liye buck kiyaa thaa. 14 mayee 1963 cow "ddaat morr aind company" dopahar aur 12:30 p kay darmiyan hawaa.ayem. redio meniger jiss nay ddaat fayer kiyaa thaa asay balaakhir apnay tye wee humm mansib say iss kii wapsi kaa alam honay kay foraa baad bartarf kirr diyaa gayaa. saoth masisipi say lay kirr fluoreda peen handle takk kay nazireen kuu 33 saal takk ddaat help waala coor mobile kay maardi graas day kii taqrib dekhnay kuu milly. ddaat morr aind company" kay nashar honay kay duss saal baad ddaat kuu deaney triyanur naami eek aann aiyar partner diyaa gayaa aur yaha show 1973 mein "aaj kaa khaliji saahil" kay naam say jaana jaanay lagaa. sabah 9 bajay.ayem. aine bee see kay "aaj" kay baad aaney waala prograam aglay chaar saalon takk iss formate kay saath jaari rehaa jabb takk kahh ddaat nay show kay mezban aur producer kii position dobarah haasil nahein kii. satambar 1979 mein "gulf coast tuday" haftay mein eek baar nashar honaa sharoo hawaa iss say pehley kahh iss kaa dobarah ddaat kaa naam rakhaa jaaye. "ddaat morr show" 21 wein sadee takk waala kay sheedol parr barqarar rahay gaa. ddaat aur sataray. apnay carrier kay doraan morr nay tye wee interviews kay liye mutadid ameer aur mashhur logon say mulaqat kii juu satellite interviews kay anaqad kaa eek aam tariqah bannay say pehley kay waqat mein sahafiyon aur tye wee shaqsiyat kay liye kaafi aasaan thaa. inn tamaam logon mein say jinn say wah milly haine yaha aine bee see western "dee hayee cheepral" kay saabiq pensacola rehaishi aur dost leaf airkson thay jinhon nay aaney waalay saalon takk neet wark kay sataron kay saath ddaat kay taluqat kuu zindah rakhnay mein madad kii. iss tarah kay haali wode kay taaluq kay saath teeli vision parr chand kirdaar aayey jinn mein airkson kaa prograam aur claud acons kay saath show "mowan aann" shaamil hay ddaat kay behat say mahmanon mein say eek aur ("mowan aann" kuu mobile aur iss kay aas paas kay elaqon mein eek baar location parr filmaya gayaa thaa). logon kay alawah ddaat kaa eek bangaal tiger aur iss kay trainer say saamna hawaa juu eek gailay lamhay kay bawajood kaafi achhi tarah say guzra jiss say jaanee carson aur iss bandar kuu hansi aayey gee jiss kaa iss kaa saamna hawaa. 1985 mein tamaam achhi cheezein khatam how jayein gee jabb aine bee see nay mashhur maqaam kaa dorah karnay kay liye morr kii parwazein khatam kirr dain aur raabtay mein rehney kay liye neet wark kii nayee nasb satellite technology kay saath muahidah karnaa hogaa leakin iss mein mustasniyat thay. aart lunk latter aur jaak mehni ddaat kay show kay teen hafton kay baad ddaat kay pehley mashhur mahman thay. loag mazhakah khaiz haine" aimi aur "yansi derenger" staar asee dunn mobile mein thaa. aidd meek mohan nay mayee 1973 mein america kay juniyar miss national final kay liye mobile kaa dorah kiyaa iss kay elawah inhon nay 14 mayee kuu morr kii daswein salgrah kay show mein sharkat kay liye waala mein rakk kirr kaam kiyaa. "aur abb yahaan doti hay!"yaha aidd kaa taaruf thaa iss kay friend ddaat kay liye jabb wah aann aiyar jaanay kii tayari kirr rahee thee juu iss qadr hairat kii baath thee kahh yaha kabhi bhee show kii tapping mein nahein aayaa. baad kay saalon mein. 1990 kii dahayi kay doraan morr kay atwaar kay community saros prograam aur choothay autaar mein sataron kay saath intervieve kay muqabilay mein awami amoor kii shaqsiyat parr ziyadah taujah dee gayee. waala-tye wee parr iss kii kumm hoti maujudgi kay bawajood jiss nay 1996 mein faaks kay liye aine bee see kay saath apnee 43 saalah waabistagi kuu tabdil kiyaa ddaat logon kuu mobile say baahir safar karnay kay apnay dunon kay baaray mein batata rehaa. inn kii aur inn logon kii sainkadon tasavir jinn say wah barson say milly thein eek basri amdaad kay toor parr kaam karti thein. taweel arsey say nazireen nay teeli vision parr zahir honay kay baad say ddaat kay hair style aur rung mein mukhtalif tabdiliyan dekhi haine. iss kay saalon kay doraan sponsors kii nazar mein eek waqat thaa jabb wah hawaa mein sunhare baalon waali sunhare baalon waali yaa sarkh sarr waali khaatun chahtay thay. ddaat 1994 kay aas paas apnay hair style kii adayegi karay gee. iss kay nazireen kay liye eek aur hairat angez naqtah california kay ghatnay kay oonche joton kaa jodaa thaa jiss mein iss kay joton mein dilchaspi rakhnay waalon nay waala sweach board roshan kiyaa thaa. "dee ddaat morr show" aakhri baar 11 jolayi 2004 kuu nashar hawaa morr kay kaar haadise kay eek haftay say bhee kumm arsey baad. behat say mobile rehaishiyon kay mutabiq jinn mein dost aur saathi maqami mediya shaqsiyat ankal hunry bhee shaamil haine yaha haadsah ddaat kii retirement aur montgomeri muntaqil honay kii wajah thaa. wah 23 mayee 2007 kuu montgomeri alabama mein inteqal kirr gayein.

000199dbe2f2e1c03da7174f67079e9ed5b39202d8676b39107ae540b96a65e6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39605034

Joe Cool (song)

Joe Cool (song) "Joe Cool" is the second single by Australian rock band Girl Monstar. Both songs from the single were included as bonus tracks on the band's 1992 debut album, "Monstereo Delicio". Both songs were produced, arranged and engineered by Kevin Shirley (Iron Maiden, Journey, Rush, Led Zeppelin). This was also the debut recording of Anne McCue who wrote and sung lead vocals on the B-side track "Egomaniac". The single was released on blue 7" vinyl. The single was released in June 1990 and received heavy rotation on national broadcaster, Triple J, ultimately reaching No. 1 on Australia's independent charts. In late 1990 Girl Monstar performed the song "Joe Cool" on the nationally broadcast "Countdown Revolution". It was also subsequently nominated for Best Independent Release at the 1991 ARIA Music Awards. The release was also available as a cassette single. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

ju kul (geet) "ju kul" hoise australian rok bendo garl monsteror dwitiyo ekok. ekok gittur duyuta gaanok bendtur 1992 sonor prothom elbam "moo 'nosterio' delicio 'too bunas trekk hisape ontorbhukto koraa hoisil. duyuta geet kebhin swarle (aairon meden, travel, raas, lade japellin) ror dwara projujona, byowostha aaru obhijantrik koraa hoisil. eitu eno mccure prothom recording aasil jiye bi-side trekk "egomeniak" too mukhyo konthoswor likhisil aaru gaisil. ekoktu neela 7 "bhinailot mukoli koraa hoisil. ekoktu 1990 sonor june maahot mukti paisil aaru rastriyo xomprosarok triple je-too prosondo ghuri aahisil, owoxexot nomborot uponeet hoisil. australier swadhin chartot 1 nombor. 1990 sonor xexor faale suwali monstere rastriyo xomprosarito "countdown revolution" too "ju kul" gittu poriwexon korisil. poroborti xomoyot 1991 sonor ariya xongit botar shrestho swotontro muktir babeu monunit hoisil. muktitu keset ekok hisapeu upolobdho aasil.

jooe coole (gaan) "jooe coole" holl australian rock banned garla monster-err dwitiya ekok gaan. ekoktir duti gaanyi bander 1992 saaler prothom album "monstereo delishio"-teey bonus track hisabe antarbhukta koraa hoyechilo. duti gaanyi kevin sherley (ayron meden, travel, raash, lida japellin) dwara nirmito, sajano ebong engineer koraa hoyechilo. etty ayana mccue-err prothom recording chhilo jini bii-side track "igomaniac"-ayee prodhan kontho rachona ebong geyechilen. ekokti neel 7 "vinail-ayee mukti paay. ekokti 1990 saaler june maase mukti paay ebong jatiya somprocharok triple jeey-teey byapokbhabe ghure aase, jaa shesh porjonto nong-ayee pouche yaay. australier swadhin talika 1 nambar. 1990 saaler shesher dike garla monster jatiya somprocharito "countdown biplob"-ayee "jooe coole" ganti poribeshon corren. porobortikale etty 1991 saaler aria sangeet puroskare sera swadhin muktir jonno manoneet hoy. muktiti ekti casset ekok hisabeo pawa jeto.

jooe coole (geet) "jooe coole" australian roqa benned gerl monstarnu beeju single chhe. aaa singalnaa banne geeto bendnaa 1992naa pratham album, "monstero delicio" maan bonus track tareeke saamel karvaamaa aavyaa hataa. banne gitanu nirmaan, gothvani aneey ijneri cavin sherley (aayarn maydon, journey, rush, lead zeppellin) dwara karvaamaa aavyu hatoo. aaa aenee mccunu pratham reqordina pann hatoo, jemane bii-side track "igomeniyak" parr mukhya gaayak tareeke lakhyu aneey gaayu hatoo. aaa single vaadadi 7 "vinaila parr rajoo karvaamaa aavyu hatoo. aaa single juuna 1990maan rajoo thayu hatoo aneey raashtriy prasaarankartaa triple jeey parr bhaare aavartan praapt thayu hatoo, jeey aakhare number vana parr pahonchyu hatoo. australiana swatantra chaart parr 1. 1990naa antamaa gerl monstarre raashtriy stare prasaarit "countdown revolution" parr "jooe coole" geet rajoo karyoo hatoo. tyarbad tene 1991naa eriya music awardsma shreshth swatantra rajuaat maate pann namankit karvaamaa aavee hatee. aaa prakaashan casset single tareeke pann uplabdh hatoo.

joe coole (geet) "joe coole" australiyai rock baind gerl monstar kaa doosara ekal haye. ekal key donon geeton koo baind key 1992 key pahale album, "monstero delicio" mein bonus track key roop mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. donon geeton kaa nirmaan, vyavastha aur engineering cavin sherley (iron maydon, yatra, bheed, netritva zepelin) dwara kii gaee thee. yeh annie mccue kii pahali recording bhee thee, jinhone bee-side track "igomaniac" parr mukhya gaayan likhaa aur gaaya. ekal koo neele rung 7 "vinail parr jaari kiya gayaa thaa. ekal juuna 1990 mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa aur rashtriya prasarak, triple jey parr bhaari aavartan praapt kiya, antatah naheen taka pahunch gayaa. australia key swatantra chart parr 1. 1990 key anta mein gerl monstar ney rashtriya star parr prasaarit "countdown kranti" parr "joe coole" geet kaa pradarshan kiya. baad mein ise 1991 key eriya sangeet puraskaron mein sarvshreshth swatantra release key liye bhee namankit kiya gayaa thaa. release ack casset ekal key roop mein bhee upalabdh thee.

zoo coole (haadu) "zoo coole" australian rock byaand gurl monstar avara eradane ekageeteyaagide. ekageeteya eradoo haadugalannu bandna 1992rahra chocchala album "monsterio delicio" nalli bonus haadugalaagi serisalaayitu. eradoo haadugalannu kevin shirley (airan maydon, travel, rush, ledd jeppellin) nirmisidaru, vyavasthegolisidaru mattu vinyaasagolisidaru. idu bii-side track "egomaniac" nalli pramukha gaayanavannu bareda mattu haadida aanne mccue avara modala dhwanimudranawu aagittu. ee ekageeteyannu neeli 7 "vinailnalli bidugade maadalaayitu. ee ekageeteyu zoon 1990ralli bidugadeyaayitu mattu rashtriya prasaraka triple zhe nalli bhaaree aavartanavannu padeyitu, antimavagi namm. aastreliyaada swatantra pattiyalli 1 sthaanadallide. 1990rahra koneyalli gurl monstar rashtriya prasaaravaada "countdown revolution" nalli "zoo coole" haadannu pradarshisidaru. taruvaaya idu 1991rahra aria sangeeta prashastigalalli atyuttama swatantra bidugadegaagi naamanirdeshanagonditu. bidugadeyu casset single agiyoo labhyavittu.

joou kool (gaanam) "australian roock baand gayle monstaarinte randaamathe single aanu "joou kool". singilil ninnulla rund gaanangalum baandinte 1992 leeii aadya aalbamaaya "monsteeriyo delicio" yill bonus tracukalaayi ulppeduthi. kevin shirley (irumbu kanyaka, yaatra, tirakk, ledu sepellin) aanu rund gaanangalum nirmmikkukayum krameekarikkukayum enchineeyar cheyyukayum cheythath. egomaniac" enna bii-side trackle pradhana shabdam ezhuthukayum alapikkukayum cheytha aan mccuvinte aadya recording koodiyaayirunnu ithu. blue 7 inch vinylil eee gaanam puratthirangi. 1990 juunil purathirangiya eee gaanam deseeya prakshepakanaaya triple jeey yill valia thothil prachaarathilundaakukayum aathyanthikamayi onnaam sthaanathethukayum cheythu. oostreliyayude swatantra chaarttukalil 1. 1990 avasaanathode gayle monstaar desheeyathalathil sampreshanam cheytha "kauntdaun revolutionil" "joou kool" enna gaanam avatharippichu. avatharippichu eriya music awardil mikacha swatantra releasinaayi ithu pinneedu naamanirddesham cheyyappettu. kaasatt single aayum release labhyamaayirunnu.

joou coole (gaane) "joou coole' heey austreliyan rock band gerl monstarche dusare ekal gaane aahe. yaa ekal ganyatil donhi ganee bandchya 1992 chya pahilya album 'monstero delicio' madhye bonus track mhanoon samavisht karnyat aalee hotee. donhi ganee kevin sherley (iyern maydon, travel, rush, layed zeppelin) yanni tayar kelee, mandali aanee tayar kelee hotee. igomaniac' yaa bii-side trackver mukhya gayan karananya aanee gayalelya enee mcchey heey pahile dhwanimudran dekhil hote. heey ekal nilya 7 "vinailavar pradarshit karnyat aale. heey ekal juuna 1990 madhye pradarshit jhaale aanee rashtriy prasarak, tripple jeey varr mothya pramanat firavale gele, jeey shevati number ekvar pohochale. austreliyachya swatantra taktyavar 1. 1990 chya uttaradhat gerl monstarne rashtriy staravar prasarit jhalelya 'countdown revolution' varr 'joou coole' heey gaane sadar kele. tyanantar 1991 chya aria sangeet puraskaranmadhye sarvotkrusht swatantra pradarshanasathi dekhil yaa chitrapatala namankan midale. haah prakashanatil ekeri casset mhanoonahi upalabdh hota.

jo kull (geet) "jo kull" astreliyali ruck banned gearl monstarko dosro ekal how. ekalka duwai githaru bandko 1992 ko pahilo album, "monstero delicio" maa bonus tracko rupma samawesh garieko thiyo. duwai githaru kebhin sherley (falam maydon, yatra, daud, netritwa jepelin) dwara nirman, wyawasthit rar engineer garieko thiyo. yo annie mccuko pahilo recording pani thiyo jasle bee-side track "igomaniac" maa mukhya swar lekhe rar gae. yo ekal nilo 7 "vinailma rilij garieko thiyo. yo ekal june 1990 maa rilij bhaeko thiyo rar rashtriya prasarankarta, triple jey maa bhari awartan prapta bhayo, antatah nambarma pugyo. 1 australiako swatantra chartma. sann 1990 ko antyama ketty monstarle rashtriya prasaran "countdown ribholusan" maa "jo kull" geet prastut garin. yo pachhi 1991 ko aria sangit puraskarma sarwashreshtha swatantra releaseka lagi pani manonit bhaeko thiyo. rilij casset ekalko rupma pani upalabdha thiyo.

joe coole (geeta) "joe coole" heuchhi astreliah rock banned gearl monstaranka dwiteeja ekaka. ekaka geetaru ubhaja geeta bander 1992 pratham album, "monsterio delicio" ray bonus track bhabare antarbhukta karajaithila . ubhaja geeta kebhin sherley (iron maydon, jatra, rush, layed jepelin) nka dwara nirmita, ayojan ebong engineer karajaithila . ehaa madhya aane mccur pratham recording thila jie bii-side track "egomaniac" ray mukhya kantha rachna ebong gaithile . ehi ekakati neela 7 "bhinailare muktilabha karithila. ehi ekakati june 1990 ray muktilabha karithila ebong jatiah prasaranakari, triple jay ray prabala ghurnana paithila, sheshare nong ray pahanchithila . astreliaara swadheena chartre 1. 1990 masiha sheshabhagare gearl monstar jatiah prasarana "countdown biplaba" ray "joe coole" geeta paribeshana karithile. parabarti samajare ehaa 1991 aria music awardare shrestha swadheena muktilabha paain manoneet hoithila . ehi muktilabha eka casset ekaka bhabare madhya upalabdha thila .

joe coole (geet) "joe coole" australiaai raak baind garal monstar daa dooja single haii. single dey doven gaane baind dee 1992 dee pahili album, "monsterio delichio" witch bones track vajon shamal keete gaye sunn. doven geet kevin sharle (iron madden, yaatra, bheed, leed zepelin) duaara tiaar, parbandh atey engineering keete gaye sunn. ih ainee mccue dee pahili recording vee see jiss neey bee-side track "agomeniac" utte mukkh aavaaz likhi atey gaaiaa. single noon neele 7 "vinayil utte jaari keeta giaa see. ih single juun 1990 witch rileez keeta giaa see atey rashtari parsarak, triple jey utte bhaari rotation prapat keeta, joe aakharkar number ikk utte pahunch giaa. australia dey sutantar chaart utte 1. 1990 dey akheer witch garal monstar neey rashtari prasaran "countdown inqalaab" utte "joe coole" geet pesh keeta. iss noon baad witch 1991 dey eria sangeet puraskaran witch sarbottam sutantar rileez laee vee namzad keeta giaa see. ih rileez ikk casset single dey roop witch vee upalbadh see.

jo coole (geetam) "jo coole" iti australia-deshasya raak-bend-gearl-monstar ityasya dwiteeyam ekakam geetam asti. ekageetasy dwau geetau cha 1992 tame varshe prathama-sangeeta-sangrahasya "monsterio delicio" ityasmin bonus-gitarupena samaavishtaah aasan. geetau kevin shirle ityanena (airan meddon, journey, rush, ledd zepelin) nirmitaah, vyavasthitaah, abhiyantitaah cha aasan. etat enn-meck-kyoo ityasya prathama-dhwanimudranam api aasit, yah "igomaniac" iti bee-said-track ityasmin mukhya-gayanam alikhat, gaayat cha. ekalam 7 "vinail-neelam iti rupena pradarshitam. 1990 joon-maase ekakam geetam pradarshitam, rashtriya-prasaarake triple jey ityatra bhaaree-aavartanam avaapnot, antatah nam praapnot. 1 australia-deshasya swatantra-pattikeshu asti. 1990 tamasya varshasya ante gearl-monstar ityeshaa rashtriya-prasaarane "kauntdaun-revolution" ityasmin "jo-coole" iti geetam abhyanayt. tadanantaram 1991 tame varshe aria-sangeeta-puraskaareshu sarvashreshta-swatantra-pradarshanartham api naamaankitam abhavat. etat vimochanam casset-single-rupena api upalabhyat.

joow coole (paadal) "joow coole" enbathu australian raak isaikkuzhuvin penn monstarrin irandaavathu thanippaadalaagum. inththa thanippaadalin irandu paadalkalum isaikkuzhuvin 1992 aam aandin muthal aalbamaana "monsterio tilicio" will phones tracugalaaka serkkappattana. irandu paadalkalum kevin shirley (irumbu kanni, payanam, avasaram, thalaimaiyilaana seppelin) enbavaraal thayaarikkappattu, aerpaadu seiyappattu vadivamaikkappattana. pii-side track "ecomeniac" ill munnani kuralgalai ezhuthi paadiya annae mccuvin muthal pathivu idhuvaagum. inththa thanippaadal neela 7 "vinail vannaththil veliyidappattathu. inththa thanippaadal juun 1990 ill veliyidappattathu mattrum thaesiya oliparappaalaraana trible jay ill adhiga suzharchiyaip pettrathu, iruthiyil nambar onn idaththaip pidiththathu. australiavin suyaatheena tharavarisaiyil 1. 1990 aam aandin pirpaguthiyil penn monstar thaesiya alavil oliparappaana "kavunddavun puratchi" ill "joow coole" paadalai nigazhththinaar. pinnar 1991 arya isai viruthugalil sirantha suyaatheena veliyeettirkaagavum idhu parinthuraikkappattathu. veliyeedu caset singlaagavum kidaiththathu.

jooe coole (paata) "jooe coole" anedi australian rock byaand gurl monstar yokka rendava single. eee single looni rendu paatalu byaand yokka 1992 toli album "monsterio delicio" loe bonus traxga cherchabaddaayi. rendu paatalanu kevin shirley (iron maydon, jarnee, rush, led jeppelin) nirminchaaru, erpaatu chesaaru mariyu injanir chesaaru. idhi bii-side track "agomaniac" loe pradhana gaatraanni vraasi paadina anne mcque yokka toli recording kooda. eee single neelam 7 "vinail meeda vidudalaindi. eee single juun 1990loe vidudalai, jaateeya prasaara samstha triple jelo bhaarii prasaram pondhi, chivariki nem. australia yokka swatantra chaartulalo 1. 1990 chivaralo gurl monstar jaateeya prasaram chesina "countdown viplavam" loe "jooe coole" patanu pradarsinchindi. idhi 1991 aria music avaardulalo uttama swatantra vidudalaku kooda nominate cheyabadindi. eee vidudala casset singlega kooda andubaatulo undhi.

juu cole (gaana) "juu cole" austrailvi raak bend garal moone staar kaa dosra sangal hay. sangal kay donon gaanon kuu bend kay 1992 kay pehley album "monstrio delicue" mein bonas track kay toor parr shaamil kiyaa gayaa thaa. donon gaaney cune sharli (aairan meedan travel rush leed zeplin) kay zariah tayaar tartib aur tayaar kiye gayey thay. yaha aine meek kiyo kii pehli recording bhee thee jiss nay bee side track "agomenic" parr markazi aawaz likhee aur gaayi. yaha sangal neelay 7 "wanael parr release kiyaa gayaa thaa. yaha sangal joone 1990 mein release hawaa thaa aur asay qomi nashriyati idaarey triple jay parr bhaari gardash millie juu balaakhir number parr pahunch gayaa. australia kay aazaad charts parr 1. 1990 kay aakhir mein garal moone staar nay qomi satah parr nashar honay waalay "alty ganti inqilaab" parr "juu cole" gaana paish kiyaa. baad mein asay 1991 kay aariyah music ewards mein behtareen aazaad release kay liye bhee namzad kiyaa gayaa. release cast sangal kay toor parr bhee dastiyaab thee.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4835287

George Henry Rose

George Henry Rose British politician and diplomat Sir George Henry Rose GCH (1771 – 17 June 1855) was a British politician and diplomat. Life. George Henry Rose was the eldest son of George Rose. He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Southampton from 1794 to 1813 and for Christchurch from 1818 to 1832 and 1837–44, Clerk of the Parliaments from 1818 to 1855 and sometime Envoy Extraordinary to Munich and Berlin, and to the United States in 1807–1808 in the wake of the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair. This last mission was an utter failure owing to the harsh and inflexible instructions he received from George Canning. Family. In 1796 he married Frances Duncombe, daughter of Thomas Duncombe of Duncombe Park, Yorkshire. She was one of the wealthiest young women in the country. They had four children together: References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

jorjo henori ruj chaar jorjo henori ruj ji. chi. eis. (1771-17 june 1855) ejon britis rajneetibid aaru kutnitibid aasil. jiwan. jorjo henori ror 'jo aasil jorjo ror' jor jyestho putro. teu cambridgeor saint jonos collegeot xikhya laabh korisil. teu 1794 sonor poraa 1813 sonoloike southamptonor xongxod xodosyo (mp) aasil aaru 1818 sonor poraa 1832 sonoloike christcharchor baabe aaru 1818 sonor poraa 1855 sonoloike xongxodor clerk aasil aaru ketiyaba miunikh aaru barlinor baabe oxadharon dut aasil, aaru sesapik-sitabagh xomporkor poriprekhyitot aamerika juktorastror baabe 1807-1808 ror ror baabe aasil. jorjo kenningor poraa teu laabh koraa kothur aaru nomoniyo nirdexonar baabe ei ontim obhijantu xompurnorupe bifol hoisil. poriyal. 1796 sonot teu iyorkoswayaror duncomb parkor thomas duncombor konya france duncombok biyaa koray. teu dexor onyotomo dhoni juboti mohila aasil. teulukor ekeloge sarita xontan aasiloh

george henry roze syara george henry roze jitch (1771-17 june 1855) chhilen ekjon british rajnitibid ebong kutnitik. jeebon. george henry roze chhilen george rojer jyestho putro. tini seenta johns college, cambridge padashona corren. tini 1794 theke 1813 saal porjonto southamptoner sangsad sadasya (mp) ebong 1818 theke 1832 saal porjonto christchurcher jonno ebong 1818 theke 1855 saal porjonto sangsader kerani ebong kokhono kokhono munikh oo barliner asadharan dooto ebong chespic-chitabagher somporker poriprekkhite markin juktorashtre 1807-1808 chhilen. george canninger kachh theke pawa kathor ebong anamaniya nirdesher karone eyi shesh missionti sampurna byartho hoyechilo. poribar. 1796 saale tini earkshire duncomb parker thomas duncomber konna frances duncombke biye corren. tini desher onnotomo dhonee juboti mohila chhilen. taader eksange charti santan chhiloh

george henry rose surr george henry rose jee. aech. (1771-17 juuna 1855) aek british rajkarani aneey rajdwari hataa. jeevan. george henry rose george rosena sauthee motaa putra hataa. temane saint john college, cambridgema shikshan melavyu hatoo. teo 1794 thee 1813 sudhee southampton maate sansad sabhy (mp) aneey 1818 thee 1832 sudhee kharist church maate aneey 1837-44,1818 thee 1855 sudhee sansadnaa karkun aneey kyarek munich aneey berlin maate asadharan doot hataa, aneey chasepic-chittana sambandhne pagale united statesma 1807-1808 maan. george canning pasethi malelee kathor aneey lavcheek suchanaaone kaarane aaa chhellu mission sampoorn nishfal rahyu hatoo. parivaar. 1796maan temane yorkshirena duncomb parknaa thomas duncombni putri frances duncomb saathe lagna karyaa hataa. teo deshnee sauthee dhaneek yuvatiomaanee aek hatee. temne eksaathe chaar baadako hataah

george heinry rose surr george heinry rose gach (1771-17 juuna 1855) ack british rajneta aur rajanyik they. jeevan. george heinry rose george rose key sabse badey bete they. unhone sent johns college, cambridge mein shiksha praapt kii thee. way 1794 seey 1813 taka southampton key liye sansad (mp) key sadasya they aur 1818 seey 1832 taka christchurch key liye aur 1818 seey 1855 taka sansad key clerk aur kabhi-kabhi munich aur berlin key liye asadharan doot they, aur chessep-tendue key mamle key maddenajar sanyukt raajya america mein 1807-1808. george canning seey praapt kathor aur lacheele nirdeshon key kaaran yeh antim mission poori tarah seey whiffle rhaa. parivaar. 1796 mein unhone yorkshire key duncomb park key thomas duncomb kii betty fraans duncomb seey shaadi kii. vaha desh kii sabse dhanee yuva mahilaaon mein seey ack theen. unake chaar bachche theh

georg henry rose surr georg henry roze zitch (1771-17 zoon 1855) obba british rajakarani mattu rajatantrikaragiddaru. jeevana. georg henry rose avaru georg rosna hiriya maga. avaru cambridgen saint johns colleginalli sikshana padedaru. avaru 1794rinda 1813ravarege southamptonge samsat sadasyaraagi (mp) mattu 1818rinda 1832ravarege christchurchge mattu 1818rinda 1855ravarege samsattina gumaastaraagiddaru mattu kelavomme munich mattu burlinge mattu chesapeak-chirate sambandhada hinneleyalli united statesge asadharana raayabhaariyaagiddaru. georg canning avarinda aata padeda kathina mattu hondikolluvantillada suchanegala kaaranadindaagi ee koneya karyacharaneyu sampoorna viphalavaayitu. kutumba. 1796ralli aata yorkshiren dankombe parkna thamus dankombeya magalaada francis dankombeyannu vivaahavaadanu. aake deshada atyanta srimanta yuvatiyaralli obbaraagiddaru. avaru ottige naalku makkalannu hondiddaruh

jorjju henry rooss sarr jorjju henry rooss jitch (1771-17 juun 1855) oru britiish raashtreeyakkaaranum nayathanthranjanumaayirunnu. jeevitam. jorjju rosinte mootha makanaayirunnu jorjju henry rooss. kembridjile sent johns kolejilaanu addeham vidyaabhyaasam nediyathu. 1794 muthal 1813 vare southaampdanilum 1818 muthal 1832 vare kristcharchilum 1818 muthal 1855 vare paarlamentukalude clerk chesapeak-pullipuli bandhatthinte pashchaathalatthil myoonikkilum berlinilum amerikkayilum asaadhaarananaaya ambaasadarumaayirunnu. jorjju canningle ninnu addehathinu labhicha kadinavum vazhakkamillathathumaaya nirddeshangal kaaranam eee avasana dauthyam poornnamaayum parajayappettu. kudumbam. 1796ll addeham yorkshareile duncomb paarkkile thomas dankombinte makalaaya frances dankombeye vivaham kazhichu. raajyathe ettavum sambannayaaya yuvathikalil oraalaayirunnu avar. avarkk orumichu naalu kuttikalundaayirunnu

george heinry rose surr george heinry rose jee. etch. (1771-17 juuna 1855) heey eka british rajkarani aanee mutsaddi hote. jeevan. george heinry gulab haah george gulabcha jyeshth mulga hota. tyanche shikshan cambridge yetheel seent johns mahavidhyalayat jhaale. teey 1794 teey 1813 paryant southamptonche sansad sadasya (emm. pii.) aanee 1818 teey 1832 paryant christureche aanee 1818 teey 1855 paryant sansadeche karakoon aanee kadhikadhi munich aanee berlinche aanee kesepik-bibtya prakarnanantar united statesche rajdoot hote. george canningkadoon midalelya kathor aanee lavchik soochananmule heey shevatche mission purnapane ayashasvi tharale. kutumb. 1796 madhye tyane yorkshirechya duncomb parkchya thomas duncombchi mulgi frances duncombushy lagn kele. tyaa deshatil sarvat shrimant tarun mahilanpaiki eka hotya. tyanna ekatra chaar mule hotih

george heinry rose sear george heinry rose gh (1771-17 june 1855) ek britis rajnitigya rar kutnitigya thie. jiwan. george heinry rose george rojka jetha chhora thie. unle cent john college, cambridgema shiksha prapta gareka thie. uni sann 1794 dekhi 1813 samma southamptonka lagi sansad sadasya (mp) rar 1818 dekhi 1832 samma cristurechka lagi rar 1837-44,1818 dekhi 1855 samma sansadka clerk rar kahilekaahin munich rar berlinka lagi asadharan dut thie, rar chaspick-chituwa mamilako prishthabhumima sanyukta rajya americama 1807-1808. george canningbata prapta kathora rar lachilo nirdeshanharuka karan yo antim mission purna rupma asafal bhayo. pariwar. sann 1796 maa unle yorkasayarko duncomb parkaka thomas dankombki chhori frances duncombsanga vivaha gare. uni deshko sabaibhanda dhani yuwatimadhye ek thiin. uniharuka chaar santan sangai thieh

george henry rose saar george heinry rose zitch (1771-17 june 1855) jane british rajneta ebong kutaneetigya thile. zeeban. george heinry rose thile george rojnka jyestha putra. shay cambridger cent zohn kalejare sikhya laabh karithile. shay 1794 ru 1813 parjyanta southampton paain sansada sadasya (mp) ebong 1818 ru 1832 parjyanta khreestacharcha paain ebong 1837-44,1818 ru 1855 parjyanta sansadara kirani ebong belebele munik ebong berlin paain asadharana doota thile, ebong chesapic-chitabagh samparkaku drustire rakhi 1807-1808 ray juktarastra america paain rastradoota thile. george kyaninganka thaaru shay paithiba kathore ebong namaniah nirdeshabali hetu ehi shesh mission sampurna biphal hoithila. paribara. 1796 masihare shay jarkasajarara dankamba parker thomas dankambanka jhia frances dankambanku bibaha karithile. shay deshar sabutharu dhani jubateemananka madhyaru jane thile. semanankara ekathi chariti santan thileh

jaaraj hannery rose sarr jaaraj hannery rose jee. see. (1771-17 juun 1855) ikk british siasatdan atey diplomat see. jeevan. jaaraj hannery rose jaaraj rose daa sabh toon vadda puttar see. unhan dee sikkhiaa cent johns kaalaj, cambridge witch hoee see. uh 1794 toon 1813 takk southampton laee sansad (aimm. pee.) atey 1818 toon 1832 takk christurech laee atey 1818 toon 1855 takk sansad dey clerk atey kadey-kadey munich atey barlin laee asadharan doot atey chasepeak-cheete dey mamle dey maddenazar sanyukat raaj amrica witch 1807-1808 sunn. ih aakhri mission jaaraj canning toon prapat sakhat atey lachakdaar nirdeshan caarn puurii tarahan asfal riha. parivaar. sann 1796 witch uss neey duncombay park, yorkshire dey thamas duncombay dee dhee frances duncombay naal viaah karwa liaa. uh desh deeaan sabh toon ameer naujwan aurtan vicchon ikk see. uhanan dey chaar bacche sanauu

jaarj heinry rose surr jaarj heinry rose jeech (1771-17 joon 1855) ekaha british-raajaneetidnyah kootaneetidnyah cha aasit. jeevati. jaarj henry rose ityayam jaarj rose ityasya jyeshtah putrah aasit. saha kembridge-nagarasya sent-johns-mahaavidyaalaye shikshitah. saha 1794 taha 1813 paryantam southempton-nagarasya samsadasya (emm. pi.) sadasyah aasit, 1818 taha 1832 paryantam christchurch-nagarasya sadasyah aasit, 1818 taha 1855 paryantam samsat-gumastah aasit, tathaa cha kadaachit myunich-berlin-deshayoho, tathaa cha chesapik-chitaa-prakaranasya karanat samyuktarajyamerika-deshasya krute asaadhaaran-dootah aasit. jaarj canning ityatah praptanam katoraanaam, anamyanam cha nirdeshanam karanat etat antimam kaaryam sarvathaa viphalam aasit. parivaarah. 1796 tame varshe saha yaarkshair-nagarasya duncombe-paark-nagarasya thaamas duncombe ityasya putreem france duncombe ityetam parineetavaan. saa deshasya dhanikaasu yuvaasushu anyatama aasit. teshaam militvaa chatwaarah putraah aasan.

jaarj hendri roas charr jaarj hendri roas jiich (1771-17 juun 1855) oru british arasiyalvaathi mattrum raajathanthiri aavaar. vaazhkkai. jaarj hendri roas jaarj rossin mooththa magan aavaar. avar cambridgil ulla saint johns kallooriyil kalvi payintraar. avar 1794 muthal 1813 varai savuththaamptan naadaalumandra uruppinaraagavum (emm. pii.) 1818 muthal 1832 varai christcherch naadaalumandra uruppinaraagavum, 1818 muthal 1855 varai naadaalumandranggalin ezhuththaraagavum, sila nerangalil munich mattrum perlinukku asaathaarana thootharaagavum, sesabeek-siruththai vivagaaraththai aduththu amerikkaavirkum (aii. dii. 1) thootharaagavum irunthaar. jaarj keningidamirunthu avar pettra kadumaiyaana mattrum negizhvaana arivuruththalkalaal inththa kadaisi panii muttrilum thoalviyadainthathu. kudumbam. 1796 aam aandil avar yorkshireil ulla tuncomp poongaavaich saerntha thamas tuncombayin magalaana frances duncombay mananthaar. avar naattin panakkaara ilam penkalil oruvaraaga irunthaar. avarkalukku naanku kuzhandhaigal irunthanar

georg henry roez surr georg henry roez zitch (1771-17 juun 1855) oka british raajakeeyavetta mariyu doutyavetta. jeevitam. georg henry roez georg roez pedda kumarudu. athanu cambridgeloni seyint johns kalasalalo chaduvukunnadu. athanu 1794 nundi 1813 varaku southampton paarlamentu sabhyudiga (empi) mariyu 1818 nundi 1832 varaku christchurch kosam mariyu 1837-44,1818 nundi 1855 varaku paarlamentla clerkga mariyu konnisaarlu munich mariyu berlinku asaadhaarana rayabariga, mariyu chesapeak-chiruta vyavaharam nepathyamlo united states kuu 1807-1808 loe rayabariga unnaaru. georg canning nundi athanu andukunna kathinamaina mariyu vasyamaina suuchanala kaaranamgaa eee chivari mission puurtigaa viphalamaindi. kutumbam. 1796loe athanu yaarkshairlooni duncomb parkuku chendina thamus duncomb kumarte frances duncombnu vivaham chesukunnadu. aame desamloni atyanta dhanavanthulaina yuvatulalo okaru. vaariki kalisi naluguru pillalu unnaru

jaarj hunry roz sarr jaarj hunry roz jee aich (1771-17 joone 1855) eek bartanvi seyasat daan aur sifarat kaar thay. zindagi. jaarj hunry roz jaarj roz kay sabb say baday betay thay. inhon nay sent jaanz college camberge mein taleem haasil kii. wah 1794 say 1813 takk saothampatan kay liye aur 1818 say 1832 takk chryst charch kay liye rakan parliament (ayem pee) aur 1818 say 1855 takk parliman kay clerk aur kabhi manich aur barlan kay liye ghair mamuli ailchi aur chesipec-cheetay kay muamile kay tanazar mein 1807-1808 mein riyasathaye muthadah kay liye ailchi thay. yaha aakhri mission jaarj canning say mosul honay waali sakht aur ghair lachakdar hidayaat kii wajah say makmal toor parr nakaam rehaa. khaandaan. 1796 mein iss nay yarkshire kay duncomb paark kay thamas duncomb kii betty frances duncomb say shaadi kii. wah milk kii ameer tareen naujawan khwatin mein say eek thein. inn kay eek saath chaar bachay thay:

00019d4601d48dd7784dc967e0dc402ba65582d7a34540f5cebeedd6e3c46ca8

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=45661630

Susan Gottesman

Susan Gottesman American microbiologist Susan Gottesman is a microbiologist at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), which is part of the National Institutes of Health. Gottesman has been the editor of the "Annual Review of Microbiology" since 2008. She is a pioneer in the area of biological regulation in which enzymes that destroy specific other proteins, called proteases, play a central role inside the cell. She discovered and elucidated the central features of a new family of proteases that require energy for their function in the form of ATP-hydrolysis. She has also played a major role in the discovery and characterization of bacterial small RNAs. Early life and education. Gottesman was born on May 19, 1945, in New York. Her father was trained as an accountant and ran a company that made rotisseries and other small appliances. Her mother was a high school teacher and later became a guidance counselor. In fifth or sixth grade, Gottesman was given a book titled "Microbe Hunters". This book inspired her scientific career as she became fascinated with the importance and puzzling nature of scientific research. She continued her curiosity in science by attending a summer program in high school. It was a research opportunity held at Waldemar in Long Island, New York. Gottesman attributed this opportunity to the emphasis on science and technology during the Cold War. This experience helped fuel her passion for science, as she was introduced to genetics, DNA, cancer, and bacteria. Gottesman received a B.A. in biochemical sciences in 1967 from Radcliffe College and a Ph.D. in microbiology from Harvard University in 1972. She did her postdoctoral training from 1971 to 1974 in NCI's Laboratory of Molecular Biology. From 1974 to 1976, she was a research associate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology before returning as a senior investigator to NCI's Laboratory of Molecular Biology. She is co-chief of that Laboratory and head of its Biochemical Genetics Section. Scientific contributions. Gottesman was a graduate student at Harvard in the 1960s and worked with Jon Beckwith. Their work involved studying the lac operon to further understand the "E. coli" arabinose operon. From their research, they were able to show that a transducing bacteriophage could work for the arabinose operon. Previous studies had only shown success in the lac operon, but the lambda phage was successful for the arabinose operon in her testing. Gottesman's later research at the National Institutes of Health used this lambda phage to understand how bacteriophages are able to insert themselves into a bacterial chromosome and then subsequently remove themselves. Susan Gottesman is known for her work with small RNAs and ATP-dependent proteases. Her work in these subjects has been celebrated by scientists such as Princeton University professor Thomas Silhavy and former Princeton professor David Botstein. Gottesman focused her research on "E. coli" cells and the process of gene regulation. She began studying the mechanism for energy-dependent proteolysis, but stumbled upon small RNAs in the process. Small RNA are short RNA sequences that have a wide variety of functions within cells. They have been shown to be vital in cell processes such as growth, cell differentiation, and defense. The small RNAs have also been shown to be a factor in certain diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and liver disease. The ATP-dependent proteases are shown to maintain the level of regulatory proteins and to get rid of any misfolded or damaged proteins. They bind to their specific substrates by sequence recognition or by chemical and conformation interactions. In Gottesman's studies, she showed that the ATP-dependent proteases are regulated by the delivery of their substrate molecules by anti-adaptor and adaptor protein. This finding has been shown of specific importance in the study of bacterial general stress response. Along with the ATP-dependent proteases, the small RNA molecules are an important part of this response. For example, one of these small RNAs in Gottesman's research was found to positively regulate the translation of RpoS, a stress sigma factor of "E. coli". The DsrA small RNA helps to translate the RpoS factor by binding to the RpoS leader sequence. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

susan go 'tosmen susan go 'tosmen rastriyo korkot protisthanor (eno. chi. aai.) egoraki onujibobigyani, ji rastriyo swasthyo protisthanor ongxo. gotsmen 2008 sonor poraa "maikro" baay "lojir barxik porzaluchona" ror xompadok hoi aahise. teu joibik niyontronor khetrot egoraki pothoprodorxok zo 'too protij naamor nirdisto aan pro' tinn dhongxo koraa utxesokxomuhe kuxor bhitorot ek kendriyo bhumika paalon kore. teu etaa notun pro 'tij poriyalor kendriyo boixistyoxomuh abiskar korisil aaru byakhya korisil jiburok e. ti. pi-hydro' lisisor rupot teulukor karjyor baabe xoktir proyujon hoy. bacterier xoru ronar abiskar aaru boixistyor khetrotu teu ek guruttopurno bhumika paalon korise. prarombhik jiwan aaru xikhya. go 'tosmanor jonmo hoisil 1945 sonor 19 mey' too niuyorkot. tekhetor pitri ejon accountant hisape proxikhyonprapto aasil aaru teu etaa company solaisil ji rotisari aaru onyanyo xoru xojuli prostut korisil. tekhetor maatri egoraki haiskulor xikhyok aasil aaru pisoloi egoraki poth prodorxok poramorxodata hoisil. ponchom baa xostho shrenit, gotsmanok "maikro 'bob honters" xirxok ekhon kitap diya hoisil. ei gronthokhone teur boigyanik jiwan jiwanak onupranito korisil kiyonu teu boigyanik gowexonar gurutwo aaru bibhrantimulok prokritir proti aakorxito hoisil. teu haiskulot grishmokalin karzoxusit ongxogrohon kori bigyanor proti aagroh obyahot rakhisil. neworkor long ilandor waldemarot onusthito huwa ek gowexonar xujug aasil. go 'tosmene ei xujugor baabe xitol juddhor xomoyot bigyan aaru projuktir uporot gurutwo aarup korar kotha ullekh korisil. ei obhigyotai bigyanor proti teur aagroh briddhi korat xohay korisil, kiyonu teuk genetics, dna, korkot rug aaru bacterier xoite porisoy koruwa hoisil. gatesmene e bi laabh korisil.e. 1967 sonot radcliffe collegeor poraa joibo raxayonik bigyanot aaru pieis.di. 1972 sonot harbhard biswobidyaloyor poraa maikro "baay" lojit degree laabh korisil. 1971 sonor poraa 1974 sonoloike teu eno. chi. aai.-ror aanobik jibobigyanor gowexonagarot posted "cartel proxikhyon laabh korisil. 1974 sonor poraa 1976 sonoloike, teu eno. chi. aai.-ror aanobik jibobigyanor gowexonagaroloi jyestho onuxondhankari hisape ubhoti ohaar aagote mesasusets institut owo tekon "lojit gowexona xohojugi aasil. teu xei gowexonagaror xoho-prodhan aaru iyar joibo raxayonik genetics xakhar murobbi. boigyanik obodan. 1960-ror doxokot gutsman harbhardor ejon snatok saatro aasil aaru teu john bekwithor xoite kaam korisil. teulukor kaamot "ee" koo odhik bujiboloi laakh oparon odhyoyon koraa jorito aasil. ku 'li "aarabin' jo oparon. teulukor gowexonar poraa teuluke dekhuwaboloi xokhyom hoisil je etaa trensduching bacterio "feje erabin" jo oparonor baabe kaam koribo paare. purbor odhyoyonxomuhe kewol laakh oparonot xofolota dekhuwaisil, kintu lambda fez teur porikhyat aarabin 'jo oparonor baabe xofol hoisil. rastriyo swasthyo protisthanot go 'tosmanor poroborti gowexonat ei lamboda fez byobohar kori kenekoi bacterio "fejejbure bacterier krom" cho "moto nijoke xumuwabo paare aaru taar pisot nijoke aatorabo paare xeitu bujiboloi byobohar koraa hoisil. susan gotsmen xoru aar. eno. e. aaru e. ti. pi.-nirbhorxil protijesor xoite koraa kaamor baabe jonajat. ei bixoixomuhot teur kaamok prinston biswobidyaloyor odhyapok thomas silhevi aaru prakton prinston odhyapok debhid botsteinor dore bigyanixokole udjapon korise. go 'tosmene "ee" ror uporot teur gowexonar uporot gurutwo aarup korisil. kulai kux aaru jinn niyontronor prokriya. teu xokti-nirbhorxil protulisisor baabe pronalitu odhyoyon koriboloi aarombho korisil, kintu ei prokriyatut xoru xoru runar uporot birokti hoisil. xoru aar. eno. e. hoise suti aar. eno. e. krom jaar kuxor bhitorot bibhinno dhoronor karjyo thaake. kuxor briddhi, kuxor prithokikoron aaru protirokhyar dore kux prokriyaxomuhot eibur guruttopurno buli dekhuuwa hoise. xoru runaburu korkot rug, diabetis aaru jokritor rugor dore kisuman rugor kaarok buli dekhuuwa hoise. e. ti. pi.-nirbhorxil protijesbure niyontrok pro 'tinor stor bojai rakhiboloi aaru jikunu bhul bhaaj koraa baa khyotigrosto pro' tinor poraa mukti paboloi dekhuuwa hoy. xeibur krom sinaktokoron baa raxayonik aaru gothonmulok parosporik kriyar dwara teulukor nirdisto podarthor xoite aabodho hoy. gotsmenor odhyoyonot teu dekhuwaisil je e. ti. pi.-nirbhorxil protijbur anty-adapter aaru adapter pro 'tinor dwara teulukor substrate onur prodanor dwara niyontrito hoy. bacterier xadharon saap protikriyar odhyoyonot ei onuxondhantuwe bixex gurutwo prodan korise. e. ti. pi.-nirbhorxil protijesor logote xoru aar. eno. e. onubur ei protikriyar ek guruttopurno ongxo. udahoronsworupe, gotsmenor gowexonat ei xoru rnaburor bhitorot etaa aarpio "ror onubadok itibasokbhabe niyontron koraa dekha goisil, ee" ee "ror ek saap sigma kaarok. kulai ". dsra smol rna-ye aarpio "cho leader kromor xoite bandhi aarpio" cho karoktu onubad korat xohay kore.

sujan gotsman sujan gottsman jatiya cancer instituter (enn. shee. aaee) ekjon anujibbigyani, jaa jatiya swastho instituter ongsho. gottman 2008 saal theke "microbiologyr barshik porjalochona"-err sompadok. tini joibik niyantraner khettre ekjon aggragami, jekhane protease namok nirdishto anyanno proteingulike dhongso korey emon enzymeguli kosher vitore ekti kendriya bhumika palon korey. tini proteuser ekti notun poribarer kendriya baisishtaguli abishkar ebong byakhya korechilen jaa taader karjokaritar jonno atpi-hydrolysiser akare shaktir prayojan hoy. tini bacterial chhoto arr. enn. ayee-rawr abishkar ebong charitrayaneo ekti prodhan bhumika palon korechen. prathomik jeebon ebong shikkha. gotsman 1945 saaler 19shhey meey neu iyarke jonmogrohon corren. taar baba ekjon hisaborokkhok hisabe proshikkhito chhilen ebong rotisari ebong anyanno chhoto saranjam toiri korey emon ekti sangostha chalaten. taar maa ekjon uchcho bidyalayer shikkhika chhilen ebong porey ekjon pothprodorshok poramorshodata hoyechilen. pancham baa shostho shrenite, gotsmanke "microbe hunters" naame ekti boi deoa hoyechilo. eyi boiti taanr boigyanik kormojibonke anupranito korechilo kaaron tini boigyanik gobeshonar gurutto ebong bibhrantikar prokritir proti akrishto hoyechilen. tini uchcho bidyalaye ekti grissokalin programe ongsho niye biggane taanr kautuhal abyahoto rekhechilen. etty neu iyarker long ilander waldemere onusthito ekti gobeshonar sujog chhilo. gotsman eyi sujoger jonno sheetal juddher somoy bigyan oo prajuktir upor jore diyechilen. eyi obhiggota bigyaner proti taanr abegke jalani ditey sahajyo korechilo, kaaron tini genetics, dna, cancer ebong bacteria saathe porichito hoyechilen. gottman ekti bii peyechen.ayee. 1967 saale radcliffe college theke biochemical sayense ebong paech.dii. 1972 saale harvard vishwavidyalaya theke microbiologyte snatok degree orjon corren. 1971 theke 1974 saal porjonto tini enn. shee. aaee-err anobik jibbigyaner gobeshonagare postdoctoral proshikkhon nene. 1974 theke 1976 saal porjonto, tini massachusets institute off technologyte ekjon gobeshona sahojogi chhilen, ebong enn. shee. aaee-err anobik jibbigyaner gobeshonagare ekjon senior todontokari hisabe firey asen. tini seii gobeshonagarer soho-prodhan ebong err joibo rasayanik genetics bibhager prodhan. boigyanik abodan. gottman 1960-err doshke harvarder ekjon snatok chhatro chhilen ebong john beckwither saathe kaaj korechilen. taader kaaj lokkho operane adhyayan korey "ee" arow bojhar jonno jorito. colio "arabinoz operon. taader gobeshona theke taaraa dekhate sokkhom hoyechilo jey ekti transducing bacteriophage arabinoz operaner jonno kaaj korte paare. purboborti gobeshonai shudhumatra lyaka oparene safalya dekhano hoyechilo, tobey taar porikkhai lambda phage arabinoz operaner jonno sofol hoyechilo. jatiya swastho protisthane gottmaner poroborti gobeshona eyi lambda phage byabohar korey bujhte paare jey kibhabe bacteriophaguly ekti bacterial chromozomer modhye nijeder sannibesh korate sokkhom hoy ebong tarpore nijeder sariye neyo. sujan gottsman chhoto rna ebong ayee. tii. pii-nirbhar proteus niye taar kaajer jonno porichito. eyi vishaygulite taanr kaaj prinston bishwobidyaloyer adhyapak thomas silhevi ebong praktan prinston adhyapak david botsteiner moto bigyanider dwara udjapito hoyeche. gottman taanr gobeshonar kendrobindute "ee"-err upor mononibesh korechilen. kolai kosh ebong zina niyantraner prokriya. tini shakti-nirbhar proteolysiser prokriyati adhyayan korte shuru corren, kintu eyi prokriyay chhoto chhoto arr. enn. ayee-rawr upor honcht kheyechilen. chhoto arr. enn. ayee holl chhoto arr. enn. ayee sequence jaa kosher modhye bivinno dharaner kaaj korey. kosher briddhi, kosher parthokyo ebong protirokkhar moto prokriyagulite eguli guruttopurno boley promanito hoyeche. cancer, diabetes ebong liver roger moto nirdishto rogey chhoto rnagulio ekti kaaron hisabe dekhano hoyeche. ayee. tii. pii-nirbhar protegesguli niyantrak proteiner stor bojay rakhte ebong konao bhul bhanj baa khotigrosto protein theke mukti petey dekhano hoy. taaraa krom shanaktakaran baa rasayanik ebong gathanmulak mythscrea dwara taader nirdishto storgulir saathe aboddho hoy. gottmaner gobeshonai tini dekhiyechen jey, ayee. tii. pii-nirbhar proteasguli anty-adaptor ebong adapter protein dwara taader stor onu sarbaraha dwara niyantrita hoy. bacteria sadharan chup protikriyar gobeshonai eyi anusandhanti nirdishto gurutter saathe dekhano hoyeche. ayee. tii. pii-nirbhar proteuser pashapashi, chhoto arr. enn. ayee anuguli eyi protikriyar ekti guruttopurno ongsho. udahoronsorup, gotsmaner gobeshonai eyi chhoto arr. enn. ayee-gulir modhye ekti arr. pii. oo-err onubadke itibachakbhabe niyantran korte dekha geche, jaa "ee"-err ekti strace sigma factor. kolai. dii. esha. arr. ayee chhoto arr. enn. ayee arr. pii. esha neta kromer saathe aboddho hoye arr. pii. esha factorke anubad korte sahayata korey.

susanne gotsman susanne gotsman raashtriy kensar sanstha (aena. see. aaee.) maan microbiologist chhe, jeey raashtriy aarogya sansthaaono bhaag chhe. gotsman 2008thee "microbiologyni vaarshik samiksha" naa sampaadak chhe. teey jaivik niyamannaa kshetramaa agranee chhe jemaa utsechako keey jeey chokkas anya proteinno naash karey chhe, jene protease kahevaay chhe, teey koshnee andar kendriya bhoomika bhajve chhe. temane proteasena navaa parivaarni kendriya lakshaniktao shodhee kaadhee aneey samjavi keey jene temnaa kaary maate aee. tii. pii.-hydrolysisna swarupma urjaani jaroor padey chhe. temane bacteriana naana aar. aena. aee. nee shodh aneey lakshaniktama pann mukhya bhoomika bhajvi chhe. praarambhik jeevan aneey shikshan. gotsmenno janm 19 meey, 1945naa roj newyorkma thayo hato. teneena pitaa aek accountant tareeke prashikshit hataa aneey rotisari aneey anya naana upkarano banaavati kampani chalaavtaa hataa. temnee maataa highschoolna shikshak hataa aneey baadmaa margdarshan salaahkaar banyaa hataa. paanchmaa keey chhaththa dhoranmaa, gotsmenne "microbe hunters" sheershak dharaavtu pustak aapvama aavyu hatoo. aaa pustakthi teneeni vaignanik karkirdi prereet thaee kaaran keey tenee vaignanik sanshodhannaa mahatv aneey gunchavanbhari prakrutithi moheet thaee gaee hatee. teneeae highschoolma unalana karykrama haajari aapeene vignanma tenee jeegnasa chaalu raakhi. teey newyorknaa longa ilendmaan waldemar khaate yojaayeli sanshodhanni taka hatee. gotsmene aaa taka maate sheet yuddh darmiyan vigyaan aneey technology parr bhaar mookyo hato. aaa anoobhavthi vigyaan pratyenaa temnaa jussane protsaahan aapvama madad malee, kaaran keey teneene aanuvanshikta, dna, kensar aneey bekteriya saathe parichay karavvama aavyo hato. gotsmenne bii malyun.aee. 1967maan redcliffe collegemathi biochemical sciencemaa aneey piaech.dii. 1972maan harvarda universitymathi microbiologyma. temane 1971thee 1974 sudhee aena. see. aaee. nee molecular biologyni prayogshalama postdoctoral taaleem leedhi hatee. 1974 thee 1976 sudhee, teo aena. see. aaee. nee molecular biologyni prayogshalama varishth tapaskarta tareeke paachha fartaa pahelaa mesatusates institute off technologyma sanshodhan sahyogi hataa. teey teey prayogshalana saha-vadaa chhe aneey tenaa biochemical genetics vibhagna vadaa chhe. vaignanik yogdaan. gotsman 1960naa daykama harvarda khaate snaatak vidhyarthi hataa aneey joona backwith saathe kaama karyoo hatoo. temnaa kaaryamaa "ee" neey vadhu samjavaa maate laak opareno abhyaas saamel chhe. coley "arabinose operon. temnaa sanshodhanmathi, teo aee darshavvama saksham hataa keey transducing bacteriophage arabinose opren maate kaama curry shake chhe. agaauna abhyasoae maatra laak operonmaa safalataa darshaavi hatee, parantu lambada fages tenaa parikshanma arabinose operon maate safal rahee hatee. raashtriy aarogya sansthaoma gotsmennaa pachhinaa sanshodhanmaa aaa lambada fejno upyog bacteriophage kevee reete bacterial rangsutramaa potaane dakhal curry shake chhe aneey pachhi potaane door curry shake chhe teey samjavaa maate karvaamaa aavyo hato. susanne gotsman naana aar. aena. aee. aneey aee. tii. pii.-aadharit protease saathena temnaa kaama maate jaaniti chhe. aaa vishhayoma temnaa kaarynee ujavani prinston universityna prophesara thomas silhevi aneey bhutpurv prinston prophesara david boatstein jevaa vaignaniko dwara karvaamaa aavee chhe. gotsmene "ee" parr temnaa sanshodhan parr dhyaan kendrit karyoo. kolaai "kosho aneey janin niyamanni prakriyaa. teneeae urjaa-aadharit proteolysis maateni paddhatino abhyaas karvaanu sharoo karyoo, parantu aaa prakriyaamaa naana rna parr thokar khaai. naana aar. aena. aee. tunkaa aar. aena. aee. krama chhe jeey koshomaa viveedh prakaarnaa kaaryo dharaave chhe. teo vrudhdhi, koshnaa tafaavat aneey sanraxan jevee koshh prakriyaoma mahatvapurn hovaanu darshavvama aavyu chhe. naana aar. aena. aee. pann kensar, diabetes aneey yakrut rooga jevaa chokkas rogomaa aek pareebal hovaanu darshavvama aavyu chhe. atp-aadharit protease niyamankari proteinna starne jalava aneey koipan khotee reete folled karelaa athavaa kshatigrast proteinthi chhutkaro melavaa maate darshavvama aave chhe. teo krama odakh dwara athavaa rasayanik aneey rachnaa kriyapratikriyao dwara temnaa chokkas substrates saathe jodaay chhe. gotsmennaa abhyasoma, temane darshaavyu hatoo keey aee. tii. pii.-aadharit protease temnaa substrate anuonaa vitaran dwara anty-adaptor aneey adaptor protein dwara niyantrit thaay chhe. aaa taaran bacteriana saamanya tanaav pratikreeyana abhyasma chokkas mahatv darshavvama aavyu chhe. aee. tii. pii.-aadharit protease saathe, naana aar. aena. aee. anooo aaa pratikriyaano aek mahatvapurn bhaag chhe. udaaharan tareeke, gotsmennaa sanshodhanmaa aaa naana rnamathi aek aar. pii. oo. naa anuvaadne hakaaraatmak reete niyantrit karey chhe, jeey "ee" noon stress sigma pareebal chhe. kolaai ". dii. aesa. aar. aee. small aar. aena. aee. aar. pii. oo. aesa. leader krama saathe jodaaine aar. pii. oo. aesa. pareebalne anuvaadit karvaamaa madad karey chhe.

susan gotsman susan gottesman rashtriya cancer sansthaan (aine. see. aaee.) mein ack sookshm jeevvigyaani hain, joe rashtriya swaasthya sansthanon kaa hissa haye. gotsman 2008 seey "sookshm jeev vigyaan kii vaarshik sameeksha" key sampaadak rahey hain. vaha javic viniyaman key kshetra mein agrani haye jisamen vishisht anya proteins koo nasht karane vaale enzyme, jinhen protease kahaa jaataa haye, koshika key ander ack kendriya bhoomika nibhaate hain. unhone protease key ack nae parivaar kii kendriya visheshtaon kii khoj kii aur unhein spasht kiya, jinhen aeye. tii. pee.-hydrolysis key roop mein unake kaary key liye oorjaa kii aavashyakta hoti haye. unhone jeevaanu chhote aar. aine. aeye. kii khoj aur charitra varnan mein bhee ack pramukh bhoomika nibhai haye. praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha. gotsman kaa janm 19 maee, 1945 koo newyork mein huaa thaa. unake pitaa ack lekhakar key roop mein prashikshit they aur ack company chalaate they joe rotisari aur anya chhote upkaran banaati thee. unaki maan ack hyee school kii shikshika theen aur baad mein ack maargdarshak salaahkaar bunn gaeen. paanchvin yaa chhathi kaksha mein, gotsman koo "sookshmajeev shikari" naamak ack pustak dee gaee thee. iss pustak ney unake vaigyaanik currier koo prerit kiya kyonki vaha vaigyaanik anusandhaan key mahatva aur bhramit karane vaali prakriti seey mohit hoe gaeen. unhone hyee school mein ack grishmakaaleen karyakram mein bhaag laker vigyaan mein apani jigyasa jaari rakhee. yeh long eyeland, newyork mein waldemar mein aayojit ack shodh avsar thaa. gotsman ney iss avsar kaa shreya sheet yuddh key dauran vigyaan aur praudyogiki parr jore dene koo diyaa. iss anubhav ney vigyaan key liye unake junoon koo badhaava dene mein madad kii, kyonki unhein aanuvanshiki, dna, cancer aur bacteria seey parichit karaaya gayaa thaa. gotsman koo bee milaa.aeye. 1967 mein radcliffe college seey jaiv rasayanik vigyaan mein aur ack ph.dee. 1972 mein harvard vishvavidyalaya seey sookshm jeev vigyaan mein. unhone 1971 seey 1974 taka aine. see. aaee. kii aanvik jeev vigyaan kii prayogshala mein apana postdoctoral prashikshan kiya. 1974 seey 1976 taka, vaha massachusets praudyogiki sansthaan mein ack shodh sahayogi theen, isase pahale kii way aine. see. aaee. kii aanvik jeev vigyaan kii prayogshala mein ack varishth anveshak key roop mein lautin. vaha usa prayogshala kii saha-pramukh aur isake jaiv rasayanik aanuvanshiki khand kii pramukh hain. vaigyaanik yogdan. gotsman 1960 key dashak mein harvard mein ack snaatak chhaatr they aur unhone johnn beckwith key saath kaam kiya. unake kaam mein "ee" koo aur samajhane key liye laak oparan kaa adhyayan karna shamil thaa. kolai "arabinose opron. apane shodh seey, way yeh dikhaane mein saksham they kii ack transducing bacteriophase arabinose opron key liye kaam curr sakata haye. pichhale adhyayanon ney kewal laakh opron mein safalata dikhaai thee, lekin lambda phase usake pareekshan mein arabinose opron key liye safal rhaa thaa. rashtriya swaasthya sansthanon mein gotsman key baad key shodh mein iss lambda phase kaa upayog yeh samajhane key liye kiya gayaa kii kaise bacteriophase ack jeevaanu gunasutra mein khud koo daalane mein saksham hain aur phir baad mein khud koo hataa dete hain. susan gottesman koo chhote aar. aine. aeye. aur aeye. tii. pee.-nirbhar protease key saath unake kaam key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. inn vishayon mein unake kaam koo prinston vishvavidyalaya key professor thomas silhevi aur poorv prinston professor david botstein jaise vaigyaanikon dwara manaaya gayaa haye. gottsman ney apane shodh koo "ee" parr kendrit kiya. kolai koshikaaen aur jeane viniyaman kii prakriya. unhone oorjaa-nirbhar proteolysis key liye tantra kaa adhyayan karna shuru kiya, lekin iss prakriya mein chhote aar. aine. aeye. parr ladkhadaayaa. chhote aar. aine. aeye. chhote aar. aine. aeye. anukram hain jinamen koshikaon key bheetar vibhinn prakaar key kaary hotey hain. unhein koshika prakriyaon jaise vikas, koshika vibhedan aur raksha mein mahatvapurna dikhaaya gayaa haye. chhote aar. aine. aeye. koo cancer, madhumeh aur yakrit roga jaisi kuchh beemariyon mein bhee ack kaarak dikhaaya gayaa haye. aeye. tii. pee.-nirbhar protease koo niyaamak protein key star koo banaae rakhane aur kissy bhee galat modd yaa kshatigrast protein seey chhutkara paane key liye dikhaaya gayaa haye. way anukram pehchaan yaa rasayanik aur sanrachana antahkriya dwara apane vishisht substrate seey judate hain. gotsman key adhyayanon mein, unhone dikhaaya kii aeye. tii. pee.-nirbhar protease koo anty-adaptor aur adaptor protein dwara unake substrate anuon key vitaran dwara niyantrit kiya jaataa haye. iss khoj koo jeevaanu samanya tanaav pratikriya key adhyayan mein vishisht mahatva dikhaaya gayaa haye. aeye. tii. pee.-nirbhar protease key saath, chhote aar. aine. aeye. anu iss pratikriya kaa ack mahatvapurna hissa hain. udaaharan key liye, gottesman key shodh mein inn chhote aar. aine. aeye. mein seey ack aar. pee. oh. key anuvaad koo sakaratmak roop seey viniyamit karane key liye paaya gayaa, joe "ee" kaa ack tanaav sigma kaarak haye. kolai ". dee. aiss. aar. aeye. chhota aar. aine. aeye. aar. pee. oh. aiss. netaa anukram koo bandhkar aar. pee. oh. aiss. kaarak koo anuvaadit karane mein madad kartaa haye.

susanne gotsman susanne gotsman rashtriya aarogya samsthegala bhagavagiruva rashtriya cancer samstheyalli (enn. sii. aii) sukshma jivashaastragnaraagiddaare. gotsman 2008rinda "microbiology varshika vimarshe" yaya sampadakaragiddare. jivakoshadolage protiyesgalu endu kareyalaaguva nirdishta itara proteingalannu naashapadisuva kinvagalu pramukha patra vahisuva jaivika niyantranada kshetradalli aake munchooniyalliddare. avaru protiyesgala hosa kutumbada kendra laksanagalannu kanduhididaru mattu vivarisidaru, avugalige aa. tii. pii-jalavichhedanada roopadalli avugala karyakke shaktiya agatyaviruttade. byaaktiriyaada sanna aarr. enn. aa. gala avishkara mattu gunalaksanagalalli avaru pramukha patra vahisiddaare. arambhika jeevana mattu sikshana. gottsman 1945rahra mayee 19randu newyorknalli janisidaru. aakeya tande lekkaparishodhakaragi tarabeti padediddaru mattu rotisarigalu mattu itara sanna upakaranagalannu tayaarisuva kampaniyannu nadesuttiddaru. aakeya taayi proudhashala shikshakaraagiddaru mattu nantara margadarshana salahegaararaadaru. aidane athawa aarane taragatiyalli, gotsmange "sookshmajeevi betegaararu" emba shirshikeya pustakavannu nidalaayitu. ee pustakavu aakeya vaignaanika vrattijeevanakke sphurti needitu, ekendare aake vaignaanika samshoodhaneya pramukhyate mattu gondalamaya svaroopada bagge aakarshitalaadalu. proudhashaaleyalli besige kaaryakramadalli bhagavahisuva moolaka vijnaanadalli tanna kutuhalavannu munduvaresidalu. idu newyorkna long ailyaandnalliruva waldemarnalli nadeda samshodhanaa avakaashavaagittu. shitala samarada samayadalli vignaana mattu tantragyaanakke ottu niididdakke gottsman ee avakaashavannu niididdaare. ee anubhavavu vignaanada bagegina aakeya utsaahavannu uttejisalu sahaaya maaditu, ekendare aakege genetics, dna, cancer mattu byaaktiriyaagala parichayavaayitu. gotsmange bii nidalaayitu.aa. 1967ralli rodcliffe kaalejininda jeevaraasaayanika vijnaanadalli mattu ph.dii. 1972ralli haarvard vishvavidyaalayadinda sukshma jeevashaastradalli. 1971rinda 1974ravarege avaru enn. sii. aii. yaya aanvika jeevashaastrada prayogaalayadalli tamma post doctoral tarabetiyannu padedaru. 1974rinda 1976ravarege, avaru mastusets institute off technologyalli samshodhanaa sahavartiyagiddaru, nantara avaru ainsina aanvika jeevashaastrada prayogaalayakke hiriya tanikhadhikariyagi maralidaru. aake aaa prayogaalayada saha-mukhyasthe mattu adara jeevaraasaayanika genetics vibhagada mukhyasthe. vaignaanika kodugegalu. gotsman 1960rahra dasakadalli harwardnalli padavi vidyarthiyagiddaru mattu zaan bekwit avarondige kelasa maadidaru. avara kelasavu "ii" annu mattashtu arthamadikollalu lyaak aperon annu adhyayana maaduvudannu olagondittu. kolai "arabinos operon. tamma samshoodhaneyinda, avaru ondu transducing bacteriophage arabinos operange kelasa maadabahudendu torisalu saadhyavaayitu. hindina adhyayanagalu lyaak operaannalli maatra yashassannu torisiddavu, aadare lambda faze tanna pariksheyalli arabinos operange yashasviyaayitu. rashtriya aarogya samsthegalalli gotsman nantarada samshoodhaneyu byaaktiriyaada varnatantugalalli byaakteeriyaagalu hege tammannu taavu serisikolluttave mattu nantara tammannu taavu tegeduhaakikolluttave embudannu arthamadikollalu ee lambda faze annu balasitu. susanne gottsman sanna aarr. enn. aa. galu mattu aa. tii. pii-avalambita protiyesgalondigina aakeya kelasakke hesaruvasiyagiddare. ee vishayagalalli aakeya kelasavannu princeton vishvavidyaalayada pradhyapaka thamus silhevi mattu maaji princeton pradhyapaka david boatstein avarantaha vignaanigalu shlaghisiddare. gotsman tanna samshoodhaneyannu "ii" mele kendrikarisidalu. kolai "jivakoshagalu mattu zeane niyantranada prakriye. avaru shakti-avalambita proteolysisna kaaryavidhaanavannu adhyayana maadalu praarambhisidaru, aadare ee prakriyeyalli sanna aarr. enn. aa. gala mele edavidaru. sanna aarr. enn. aa. galu jivakoshagalolage vividha reetiya kaaryagalannu hondiruva kiru aarr. enn. aa. anukramagalaagive. avu jivakoshada belavanige, jivakoshada vyatyaasa mattu rakshaneyantaha prakriyegalalli pramukhavendu torisalaagide. sanna aarr. enn. aa. galu cancer, madhumeha mattu yakruttina rogagalantaha kelavu kaayilegalige ondu amshavendu torisalaagide. aa. tii. pii-avalambita protiyesgalu niyantraka proteingala mattavannu kapadikollalu mattu yaavude tappaada madike athawa hanigolagada proteingalannu todeduhaakalu torisalaagide. avu anukrama gurutisuvikeyinda athawa rasayanika mattu samrachaneya paraspara kriyegalinda tamma nirdishta talaadhaaragalige bandhisuttave. gotsman adyayanagalalli, aut-pii-avalambita protiyesgalannu avugala talaadhaara anugala vitaraneyinda aanti-adaptor mattu adaptor protein niyantrisuttade endu avaru torisidaru. byaaktiriyaada saamaanya ottadada pratikriyeya adhyayanadalli ee samshoodhaneyu nirdishta pramukhyateyannu toriside. aa. tii. pii-avalambita protiyesgala jotege, sanna aarr. enn. aa anugalu ee pratikriyeya pramukha bhagavagive. udaaharanege, gotsman samshoodhaneyalli ee sanna arnagalalli ondu arposna anuvaadavannu dhanatmakavagi niyantrisuttade endu kandubandide, idu "ii" yaya ottada sigma amshavaagide. kolai ". dsra sanna rna arpos leader anukramake bandhisuva moolaka arpos amshavannu bhashantarisalu sahaaya maaduttade.

susanne gottsman naashanal instittyoott oof healthinte bhagamaaya naashanal cancer instittyoottile (enn. sii. aii) microbiologistaanu susanne gottsman. 2008 muthal "microbiology vaarshika avalokanam" edittaraanu gottsman. proteasukal ennu vilikkunna mattu proteinukale nasippikkunna ensimeukal koshatthinullil oru pradhana punk vahikkunna jaiva niyanthrana mekhalayil avar oru thudakkakkaariyaan. eiii. tii. pii-hydrolysisinte roopathil avayude pravarthanatthinu oorjjam aavasyamulla proteesukalude oru puthiya kudumbatthinte kendra savisheshathakal avar kandethukayum vyakthamaakkukayum cheythu. bacteriayude cheria aarenekalude kandethalilum swabhaava savisheshathakalilum avar oru pradhana punk vahichittundu. aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum. 1945 meyy 19nuu newyorkkilaanu gottsman janichathu. avalude pithaav oru akkoundantaayi pariseelanam nedukayum rottisarikalum mattu cheria upakaranangalum nirmmikkunna oru kambani nadathukayum cheythu. avarude amma haiskool adthyaapikayaayirunnu, pinneedu oru maarganirddesha kaunsilaraayi. anchaamatheyo aaramatheyo klaasukalil, gottesman "sookshumajeevikalude vettakkar" enna peril oru pusthakam nalki. shaasthreeya gaveshanathinte praadhaanyatthilum aashayakkuzhappamundaakkunna swabhaavathilum avar aakrishtayaayathode eee pusthakam avarude shaasthrajeevithathin prachodanamaayi. haiskoolile oru venalkkaala paripaadiyil pankedutthukondu avar shaasthrathodulla thaalparyam thudarnnu. newyorkkile long ailandile valdemaril nadanna oru gaveshana avasaramaayirunnu athu. sheethayudhakaalathu shaasthrathinum saankethikavidyaykkum oonnal nalkiyathaanu eee avasarathinu kaaranamenn gottsman paranju. janithakashasthram, dna, cancer, bacteria ennivayumaayi parichayappettathinal eee anubhavam shaasthrathodulla avalude abhiniveshathinu aakkam koottukayum cheythu. gottsman oru bii labhichu.eiii. 1967ll radcliffe collegil ninnu biochemical sciencesil phd nedi.dii. 1972ll harward sarvakalashaalayil ninnu microbiology birudam nediya avar 1971 muthal 1974 vare enn. sii. aiyude molecular biology laboratariyil poost doctoral pariseelanam nedi. 1974 muthal 1976 vare masaachyusets instittyoott oof teknolajiyil research associate ayirunna avar enn. sii. aiyude molecular biology laborattariyilekk muthirnna anweshakayaayi madangiyethi. avar aaa laboratariyude saha medhaviyum athinte biochemical janithaka vibhaagathinte medaaviyumaanu. shaasthreeya sambhavanakal. 1960kalil harwardile biruda vidyaarthiyaayirunna gottsman joonn bekwithinoppam pravarthichu. iii" kooduthal manasilakkaan laaku oopparan padikkunnathu avarude joliyil ulppedunnu. koolii "arabinos oopparan". avarude gaveshanathil ninnu, oru transducing bacteriophage arabinos oopparaninu pravartthikkumennu kaanikkan avarkk kazhinju. muun padanangal laaku oopparanil maathrame vijayam kaanichirunnulloovenkile labda fej arabinos oopparaninte parisodhanayil vijayichu. naashanal instittyoott oof healthile gottsmante pilkkala gaveshanam eee lamda fejine upayogichu bacteriophageukalkku engane oru baakteeriyal chromosomilake svayam ulppeduthaanum thudarnnu svayam neekkam cheyyaanum kazhiyumennu manasilakki. cheria aarenekaludeyum atp-dependent proteasukaludeyum pravarthanatthinu prashasthayaan susanne gottsman. eee vishayangalile avarude pravartthanangal prinsettan yooniversitti professor thomas silhavi, muun prinsettan professor david boatstein thudangiya shaasthranjar prashamsichittundu. gottsman thante gaveshanathil shradha kendreekarichathu "iii" yilaanu. koolii koshangalum jeane niyanthrana prakriya. oorjjathe aasrayikkunna proteolysisinte samvidaanam padikkaan avar thudangi, pakshe eee prakriyayil cheria aarenekale avar kandethi. kosangalkkullil vaividhyamaarnna pravarthanangalulla hraswa rna srenikalaanu cheria rna. valarcha, koshangalude vyathyasam, prathirodham thudangiya kosha prakriyakalil avaa pradhaanamaanennu theliyikkappettittund. kyaansar, prameham, karal rogam thudangiya chila rogangalkkum cheria rna oru gadakamaanennu theliyikkappettittund. eiii. tii. pii-ashrita proteasukal regulatory proteinukalude nilavaaram nilanirthunnathinum thettaaya madakkukaloo kedupaadukalo ulla proteinukalil ninnu mukti nedunnathinum kaanikkunnu. avaa avayude nirddishta substrateukalumaayi sequence recognission vazhiyo raasa, conformation edapedalukaliloodeyo bandhippikkunnu. aanti-adapter, adapter protein enniva upayogichu substrate thanmathrakal vitharanam cheiyunnathiloodeyaanu eiii. tii. pii-ashrita proteasukal niyanthrikkunnathenn gottsmante padanangalil avar theliyichu. bacteriayude pothuvaaya sammarda prathikaranathekkurichulla padanatthil eee kandethal prathyeka praadhaanyamullathaayi kaanichittundu. eiii. tii. pii-ashrita proteesukalkkoppam, cheria aarr. enn. eiii. thanmaathrakalum eee prathikaranatthinte oru pradhana bhagamaanu. udaaharanathinu, gottsmante gaveshanathile eee cheria aarenekalilonnu "iii" yude stress sigma gadakamaaya aarpioesinte vivarthanathe kriyaathmakamaayi niyanthrikkunnuvennu kandethi. koolii ". arpos leader seekwansumaayi bandhippichu arpos ghadakam vivarthanam cheyyaan dsra small rna sahayikkunnu.

susanne gotsman susanne gotsman heey rashtriy karkarog sansthet (aine. see. aay.) sukshmajivashastradnya aahet, jee rashtriy aarogya sansthancha bhag aahe. gotsman 2008 pasoon 'varshik sukshmajivashastra punaravalokan' chey sampadak aahet. tee jaivik niyaman kshetrat aggressor aahe jyamadhye proteages navachya vishisht itar prathinancha naash karnare enzymes peshinchya aat madhyavarti bhoomika bajavtat. tine proteagechya naveen kutumbachi madhyavarti vaishishtye shodhun kadhali aanee spasht kelee jyanna aii. tii. pii.-hydrolysischya swarupat tyanchya karyasathi urjechi aavashyakta asate. jivanuyukt lahan aar. aine. aii. chaa shodh aanee vaishishtyikaranat dekhil tine mothee bhoomika bajavali aahe. prarambhik jeevan aanee shikshan. gotsmancha janm 19 meey 1945 roji newyorkmadhye jhaala. tichya vadilanni lekhapal mhanoon prashikshan ghetale hote aanee rotisari aanee itar lahan upkarane banavnari company chalvat asat. tichi aaee hyschool shikshika hotee aanee nantar margdarshak sallagar bunley. pachvya kinwa sahavya iyattet, gotsmanla 'sukshmajiv shikari' navache pustak denyat aale. yaa pustakane tichya vaidnyanik karkirdila prerana dilee kaaran tee vaidnyanik sanshodhanache mahatva aanee gondhalat takanare swaroop pahoon aakarshit jhaali. tine highschoolmadhye unhali karyakramat sahbhagi houn vidnyanatil tichi utsukata chaloo thewali. newyorkmadheel long aayalandmadhil waldemar yethe hii eka sanshodhanachi sandhee hotee. shityuddhachya kalat vidnyan aanee tantradnyanavar bharr dilyamule hii sandhee midali asey gotsman yanni sangitale. yaa anubhavamule teela vidnyanachi aavad vadhanyas madat jhaali, kaaran tichi olakh aanuvanshiki, dna, karkarog aanee jivanunshi jhaali. gotsmanla buub midala.aaa. 1967 madhye radcliffe mahavidhyalayatun jaivarasayanik vidnyanat padvi aanee ph.dii. 1972 madhye harvard vidyapithatun sukshmajivashastrat. tine 1971 teey 1974 paryant aine. see. aay. chya aanvik jivashastra prayogshalet postdoctoral prashikshan ghetale. 1974 teey 1976 paryant, tyaa massatusates institute auph technologymadhe sanshodhan sahyogi hotya aanee aine. see. aay. chya aanvik jivashastra prayogshalet varishtha sanshodhak mhanoon paratalya. tyaa tyaa prayogshalechya saha-pramukh aahet aanee tichya jaivarasayanik anuvanshiki vibhagachya pramukh aahet. vaidnyanik yogdan. goatsman 1960 chya dashakat harvard yethe padvidhar vidyarthi hota aanee tyane johnn bekwithsobat kaam kele. tyanchya kamat 'eae' adhik samajoon ghenyasathi laak aperoncha abhyas karane samavisht hote. kolai "arabinose opron. tyanchya sanshodhanatun, teey heey dakhavu shakale qee transducing bacteriophase arabinose operonsathi kaam karoo shakate. mageel abhyasanmadhye keval lack operonmadhye yash disun aale hote, parantu lambda fages tichya chachanimadhye arabinose operonsathi yashasvi tharale. rashtriy aarogya sansthanmadhil gotsmanchya nantarchya sanshodhanat, jivanu swatah laa jivanu gunasutrat kase samavisht karoo shakatat aanee nantar swatahla kase kadhoon taktat heey samajoon ghenyasathi yaa lambda fejcha vapar keela gela. susanne gotsman lahan aar. aine. aii. aanee aii. tii. pii.-aadharit proteejs tichya kamasathi olakhali jaate. yaa vishayanmadhil tichya karyacha prinston vidyapithache pradhyapak thomas silhevi aanee majee prinston pradhyapak david botstein yansarkhya shastradnyanni anand vyakt keela aahe. gotsmanne tichya sanshodhanavar "eae. kolai peshi aanee januk niyantranachi prakriya. tine urja-aadharit proteolysischya yantranecha abhyas karnyas suruvat kelee, parantu yaa prakriyet lahan aar. aine. aii. varr adkhalali. lahan aar. aine. aii. heey lahan aar. aine. aii. anukram aahet jyanche peshinmadhye vividh karye asatat. vaadh, peshi bhed aanee sanrakshn yasarkhya peshi prakriyanmadhye teey mahattvapoorn asalyache disun aale aahe. karkarog, madhumeh aanee yakrutacha rog yasarkhya kahee roganmadhye lahan aar. aine. aii. dekhil eka ghatak asalyache disun aale aahe. aii. tii. pii.-aadharit proteages niyamak prathinanchi patali rakhanyasathi aanee konatyahi chukichya patavar kinwa kharab jhalelya prathinanpasun mukt honyasathi darshavile jaatat. teey tyanchya vishisht tharanshi anukram olakh karoon kinwa rasayanik aanee sanrachana parasparsanvadvare bandhatat. gotsmanchya abhyasat, tine dakhavun dile qee aii. tii. pii.-aadharit protease heey tyanchya thurr renunchya vitaranadvare anty-adaptor aanee adaptor prathinandware niyantrit kele jaatat. jivanunchya samanya tanav pratisadachya abhyasat haah nishkarsh vishisht mahatva darshavila gela aahe. aii. tii. pii.-aadharit proteejs, lahan aar. aine. aii. renu yaa pratisadacha eka mahattvacha bhag aahet. udaharanarth, gotsmanchya sanshodhanat yaa lahan aar. aine. aii. paiki eka aar. pii. oo. chya anuvadavar sakaratmak niyantran thevanara aadhalala, joou "eae." chaa taana sigma ghatak aahe. kolai ". dii. ess. aar. aii. lahan aar. aine. aii. aar. pii. oo. ess. leader sequenceshy jodoon aar. pii. ess. factorche bhashantar karnyas madat karate.

susanne gotsman sujan gotsman rashtriya cancer sansthan (enasie) kaa microbiologist hun, june rashtriya swasthya sansthanko hissa how. gotsman sann 2008 dekhi "microbiologyko warshik samiksha" kaa sampadak raheka chhan. uni jaivik niyamanko kshetrama agragami hun jasma protease bhanine wishishta anya protinharu nashta garne enjaimharule koshikako bhitri bhagma kendriya bhumika khelchhan. unle proteejko nayan pariwarko kendriya wisheshtaharu patta lagae rar spashta garin jaslai atp-hydrolysisko rupma tiniharuko karyaka lagi urja chahinchha. unle bacteria sanah arenaeko khoj rar lakshankaranma pani pramukh bhumika kheleko chha. prarambhik jiwan rar shiksha. gotsmanko janma 19 mey 1945 maa newyorkma bhaeko thiyo. unka buba lekhapalko rupma prashikshit thie rar rotisari rar anya sanah upkaranharu banaune company chalaaunthe. unaki amah hai schoolky shikshika thiin rar pachhi marganirdeshan sallahakar banin. panchaun wa chhaitaun kakshama, gotsmanlai "microbe hunter" shirshakko pustak diieko thiyo. yass pustakle unko vaigyanik jiwanlai prerit prerit kinki uni vaigyanik anusandhanko mahatwa rar bhramit garne prakritima mohit bhain. unle hai schoolma grishmakalin karyakramma bhag liera vigyanma afno jigyasa jaari rakhe. yo newyorkko long ailandko waldemarma ayojit anusandhan awasar thiyo. gotsmanle yass awasarlai shityuddhako samayama vigyan rar prawidhima jode dieko shreya die. yass anubhawle vigyanprati unko joshlai badhawa dina maddat garyo, kinki unlai anuwanshiki, dna, cancer rar bacteriasanga parichaya garaieko thiyo. gotsmanle ae bee prapta gare.ae. sann 1967 maa redcliffe kalejbata biochemical sciencema rar piech.dee. sann 1972 maa harward vishwavidyalayabata microbiologyma unle sann 1971 dekhi 1974 samma ensisiko anawik jiwawigyanko prayogshalama postductoral prashikshan lieki thiin. sann 1974 dekhi 1976 samma, uni nsiko anawik jiwawigyanko prayogshalama warishtha anweshakko rupma farkanu aghi massachusets institute aff technologyma anusandhan sahayogi thiin. uni tyo prayogshalaki saha-pramukh rar yasako jaiva rasayanik anuwanshiki khandaki pramukh hun. vaigyanik yogdan. gotsman sann 1960 ko dashakma harwardma snatak vidyarthi thie rar john bekwithsanga kaam gareka thie. tiniharuko kamma lack aperonko adhyayan gari "eae" lai ajha bujhna samawesh thiyo. kolai "arabinos aperon. tiniharuko anusandhanbata, tiniharule dekhauna saksham bhae kii ek transducy bacteriophagele arabinose aperonka lagi kaam garna sakchha. aghillo adhyayanharule lack aperonma matra safalta dekhaeko thiyo, tara unko parikshanma lambda faze arabinose aperonka lagi safal bhayo. rashtriya swasthya sansthanharuma gotsmanko pachhiko anusandhanle bacteriophagele kasari bacteria kromojomma afulai ghusauna saksham chhan rar tyasapachhi afulai hatauna saksham chhan bhanera bujhna yo lambada faze prayog garyo. sujan gotsman sanah rna rar atp-nirbhar proteejko sath unko kamka lagi parichit chhin. yee vishayaharuma unko karyalai prinston vishwavidyalayaka pradhyapak thomas silhevi rar purva prinston professor devid boatstein jasta vaigyanikharule manaeka chhan. gotsmanle afno anusandhan "eae" maa kendrit garin. kolai "koshikaharu rar zin niyamanko prakriya. unle urja-nirbhar proteolysisko sanyantrako adhyayan garna thalin, tara yass prakriyama sanah rnaharuma adkin. sano rna chhoto rna anukramharu hun jasma koshikaharubhitra vibhinna prakarka karyaharu hunchhan. tiniharu wriddhi, koshika bhinnata, rar raksha jasta koshika prakriyaharuma mahatwapurna bhaeko dekhaieko chha. sanah rnaharu pani cancer, madhumeha rar kalejo rog jasta kehi rogharuma karak bhaeko dekhaieko chha. ae. tii. pie.-nirbhar proteejharu niyamak protinharuko star kayam rakhna rar kunai pani galat fold wa kshatigrasta proteinharubata chhutkara pauna dekhaieko chha. tiniharu anukram pahichan wa rasayanik rar sanrachana antarkriyaharudwara tiniharuko wishishta substrateharuma bandhchhan. gotsmanko adhyayanma, unle dekhae kii ae. tii. pie-nirbhar proteejharu anti-adaptor rar adaptor protindwara uniharuko substrate anuharuko vitarandwara winiyamit hunchhan. yo khoj bacteria samanya tanawa pratikriyako adhyayanma vishesh mahatwako dekhaieko chha. ae. tii. pie.-nirbhar protijharusangai, sanah rna anuharu yass pratikriyako mahatwapurna bhag hun. udaharanka lagi, gotsmanko anusandhanma yee sanah rnaharu madhye ekle araposko anuwadlai sakaratmak rupma winiyamit gareko fela pareko thiyo, june "eae" ko tanawa sigma karak how. koli ". dsra sano rnale rps neta anukramma bandhera rps karaklai anuwad garna maddat gardacha.

susanne gotsman susanne gotesman heuchhanti jatiah karkata sansthana (enn. sii. aai.) rahr jane anujeeba bigyani, jaahaa jatiah swasthya sansthanara anshabisesha. 2008 masiharu gotsman "barshika samikhya anujeeba bigyana" rahr sampadaka achanti. shay jaibika nijantrana khetrare jane agragami jeunthire protease namaka nirdista anya protinku nust karuthiba enajaimagudika kosh bhitare eka kendriah bhumika grahan karanti . shay protease rahr eka nutan paribarara kendriah baisistya abishkara ebong spust karithile jaahaa aii. tii. pii-hydrolysis roopare semanankara karjya paain shakti aabasyaka kare . bacteria chhot aarr. enn. aii. rahr abishkara ebong baisistyare madhya shay eka pramukh bhumika grahan karichanti. prarambhika zeeban ebong sikhya. gotsman 1945 masiha meey 19 tarikhare nyujarkare janmagrahana karithile. taanka pita jane accountant bhabare talim neithile ebong eka company chalauthile jaahaa rotisery ebong anyanya chhot upakarana tiari karuthila . taanka maaa jane haiskul sikhyaka thile ebong parey jane paramarshadata hoithile. pancham kimba shastha shreneere, gotsmananku "microbe hunters" namaka eka pustaka diajaithila. ehi pustaka taanka baigyanika kyariaraku anupranita karithila kaaran shay baigyanika gabeshanara gurutwa ebong bibhrantikara prakruti prati akarshita hoithile. shay haiskulare eka grishma karjyakramare joga dei bigyana prati tankara kautuhal jaari rakhithile. ehaa nyujarkara lang ilander waldemarare ajojita eka gabeshana sujoga thila . shital juddha samajare bigyana ebong prajukti upare gurutwa deba karanaru gotsman ehi sujogaku daie karithile. ehi abhigyata bigyana prati tankara aabegaku indhan debare sahajya karithila, kaaran shay genetics, dna, karkata ebong bacteria sahita parichita hoithile. gotsamyanku 'bii' milithila.aii. 1967 masihare radcliffe kalejaru biochemical sainsare snataka ebong ph.dii. 1972 masihare harbard biswabidyalajaru anujeeba bigyanare snataka. shay 1971ru 1974 parjyanta enn. sii. aai. rahr anabika jeebabigyana parikhyagarare tankara postdoctoral talim neithile. 1974 ru 1976 parjyanta, shay massachusets institute off teknolojire jane gabeshana sahajogee thile, ebong enn. sii. aai. rahr anabika jeebabigyana parikhyagaraku jane baristha anusandhanakari bhabare pherithile. shay sehi parikhyagarara saha-mukhya ebong ehara jaiba rasajanika genetics bibhagara mukhya atanti. baigyanika yogdan. gotsman 1960 dashakare harbardre jane snataka chhatra thile ebong zohn bekwithnka saha kaama karithile. semanankara karjyare 'ee' ku adhika bujhiba paain 'laak uprain' adhyajana kariba antarbhukta thila. colio "arabinos aperan. semananka gabeshanaru semane dekhaibare sakhyama hoithile je eka transducing bacteriophase arabinose aperan paain kaama karipare . purba adhyajanagudika kebala laak aperanare saphalata darshaithila, kintu taanka parikhyanare labda fages arabinose aperan paain saphala hoithila . jatiah swasthya pratisthanare gotsamyanka parabarti gabeshana ehi lambada phejku byabahara curry bujhithila je kipari bacteriophasemane nijaku eka bacteria kromojomre bhartti karibaku sakhyama huanti ebong parey nijaku apasarana karanti . susanne gotsman chhot aarr. enn. aii. ebong aii. tii. pii.-nirbhara protease sahita tankara karjya paain janashuna . ehi bishajagudikare tankara karjyaku prinston biswabidyalajara professor thomas silhabhi ebong purbatana prinston professor devida butstinenka bhali baigyanikamane prashansa karichanti. gotsman taanka gabeshanaku "ee" upare dhyana kendrit karithile. kolai kosh ebong zin nijantrana prakriya. shay shakti-nirbhara proteolysis paain prakriya adhyajana arambha karithile, kintu ehi prakrijare chhot aarr. enn. aii. upare ataki jaithile. chhot aarr. enn. aii. heuchhi chhot aarr. enn. aii. krama jahara kosh madhyare bibhinna prakarara karjya rahichhi. kosh prakrijare, jepariki brudhi, koshar prabhed ebong pratirakhya khetrare, egudika gurutwapurna bolly darshajaichhi. karkata, madhumeh ebong jakruta roga bhali keteka rogara kaaran madhya chhot aarr. enn. aii. bolly darshajaichhi. atp-nirbhara protijgudika nijamaka protein staraku bajaiah rakhiba ebong kaunasi bhul folded kimba khyatigrasta protinru mukti paiba paain darshajaichhi . semane anukrama chinhat kimba rasajanika ebong gathan parasparika kriya dwara semanankara nirdista stara sahita bandhi ruhanti . gotsamyanka adhyajanare shay darshaithile je aii. tii. pii.-nirbhara protijgudika semanankara substrate anugudikara bitarana dwara anty-adaptor ebong adaptor protein dwara nijantrita hue . bacteria sadharana chaap pratikrijara adhyajanare ehi anusandhana nirdista gurutwapurna bolly darshajaichhi. atp-nirbhara protease sahita, chhot aarr. enn. aii anu ehi pratikrijara eka gurutwapurna ansha . udaharana swaroopa, gotsamyanka gabeshanare ehi chhot aarr. enn. aii. gudika madhyaru gotie aarr. pii. oh. rahr anubadaku sakaratmaka bhabare nijantrana karuthiba dekhibaku milithila, jaahaa "ee" rahr eka chaap sigma karaka . colio ". dii. ess. aarr. aii. chhot aarr. enn. aii. aarr. pii. oh. ess. leader krama sahita bandhi aarr. pii. oh. ess. karakaku anubada karibare sahajya kare.

susan gotsman susan gotesman national cancer institute (ainn. see. aaee.) witch ikk microbiologist haii, joe rashtari sihat sansthavan daa hissa haii. gotsman 2008 toon "microbiology dee salana samikhiaa" daa sampadak riha haii. uh jaivik niyaman dey khetar witch ikk mohri haii jiss witch paachak joe vishesh horr protein noon nasht karde hunn, jinhan noon protease kiha jaanda haii, saill dey ander ikk kendri bhumika nibhaunde hunn. uss neey protease dey ikk navein parivaar deeaan kendri visheshtavan dee khoj keeti atey sapshat keeta jinhan noon atp-hydrolysis dey roop witch uhanan dey kamm laee oorja dee zaroorat hundi haii. uss neey bacteria dey chhote aar. ainn. aii. dee khoj atey visheshta witch vee ikk pramukh bhumika nibhai haii. mudhla jeevan atey sikkhiaa. gotsman daa janam 19 maee 1945 noon newyork witch hoiaa see. uss dey pitaa neey ikk accountant vajon sikhlai prapat keeti see atey ikk company chalai joe rotty atey horr chhote upkaran banaundi see. uss dee maan ikk hyee school dee adhiaapak see atey baad witch ikk guidance salahkar bann gaee. panjvin jaan chhevin jamaat witch, gotesman noon "microbe hunters" sirlekh vaali ikk kitaab ditti gaee see. iss pustak neey uss dey vigiaanak carrier noon prerit keeta kiunki uh vigiaanak khoj dey mahattav atey ulajhan vaale subhaa toon mohit hoow gaee. uss neey hyee school witch ikk garmiaan dey program witch hissa lae keey vigiaan witch aapni utsukta jaari rakkhi. ih lambe tapu, newyork dey waldemer vikhe aayojit ikk khoj daa mauka see. gotsman neey iss mauke daa sihra sheet yuddh dauran vigiaan atey technology utte zor denh noon ditta. iss tajrabe neey vigiaan pratee uss dey janoon noon vadhaun witch madad keeti, kiunki uss noon genetics, dee. ainn. aii., cancer atey bacteria naal jaanhu karvaiaa giaa see. gotsman noon aii bee miliaa.aii. 1967 witch radcalf kaalaj toon biochemical sciences witch atey ikk ph. dee. keeti.dee. usne 1972 witch harward university toon microbiology witch padahi keeti. usne 1971 toon 1974 takk ainn. see. aaee. dee anoo jeev vigiaan dee prayogshala witch aapni post-doctoral sikhlai ditti. 1974 toon 1976 takk, uh ainn. see. aaee. dee anoo jeev vigiaan dee prayogshala witch ikk senior janchkarta vajon waps aaunn toon pahilan massachusets institute aaf technology witch ikk khoj sehyogi see. uh uss prayogshala dee sahi-mukhi atey iss dey biochemical genetics section dee mukhi haii. vigiaanak yogdan. gotsman 1960 dey dahake witch harward witch ikk graduate vidiaarthi see atey usne john bakewith naal kamm keeta. uhanan dey kamm witch "ee" noon horr samjhan laee laek apren daa adhiaen karna shamal see. kolai "arbinos apren. aapni khoj toon, uh ih darsaun dey yog sunn kii ikk transducing bacteriophage arbinos opren laee kamm qarr sakda haii. pichle adhiaenan neey siraf laek apren witch safalta dikhai see, parr lamba fages uss dey testing witch arbinos opren laee safal riha see. rashtari sihat sansthavan witch gotsman dee baad dee khoj neey iss lambda fages dee varton ih samjhan laee keeti kii bacteriophage aapne aap noon bacteria chromosome witch kiven dakhal curran dey yog hunde hunn atey firr baad witch aapne aap noon hataa lainde hunn. susan gotesman chhote aar. ainn. aii. atey aii. tii. pee.-nirbhar protease naal aapne kamm laee jaanhi jaandi haii. inhan vishiaan witch uss dey kamm noon prinston university dey professor thamas silhevi atey sabka prinston professor david boatstein varge vigiaaniaan duaara manaiaa giaa haii. gotsman neey aapni khoj noon "ee" utte kendrit keeta. kolai saill atey jeane regulation dee prakiriaa. uss neey oorja-nirbhar proteolysis laee vidhi daa adhiaen karna shuru keeta, parr iss prakiriaa witch chhote aar. ainn. aii. utte thokar khaee. chhote aar. ainn. aii. chhote aar. ainn. aii. kram hunde hunn jinhan dey saillan dey ander kaee tarahan dey kaaraj hunde hunn. uhanan noon saill prakiriaavan jiven kii vikas, saill bhinnta atey rakkhiaa witch mahattavpuran dikhaiaa giaa haii. chhote aar. ainn. aii. noon cancer, shugar atey jigar dee bimari vargiaan kujh bimariaan witch vee ikk kaarak dikhaiaa giaa haii. atp-nirbhar protease noon regulatory protein dey paddhar noon banayi rakkhan atey kise vee galat fold jaan kharaab hoye protein toon chhutkara paunh laee dikhaiaa giaa haii. uh kram dee pachanh duaara jaan rasayanak atey anukool persper kriaa duaara aapne vishesh ghataona naal judade hunn. gotsman dey adhiaenan witch, usne dikhaiaa kii atp-nirbhar protease noon ainti-adaptor atey adaptor protein duaara uhanan dey ghataona anuaan dee sapurdagi duaara niyantrit keeta jaanda haii. ih khoj bacteria dey aam tanaa pratikriaa dey adhiaen witch vishesh mahattav dee darsaundi haii. atp-nirbhar protease dey naal, chhote rna anoo iss pratikiriaa daa ikk mahattavpuran hissa hunn. udaharan dey laee, gotsman dee khoj witch ihanan chhote aar. ainn. aii. vicchon ikk aar. pee. ou. dey anuvad noon skaratmak taur 'teey niyantrit curran laee paaiaa giaa see, joe "ee" daa ikk tanaa siggma kaarak haii. coley ". dee. aiss. aar. aii. chhota aar. ainn. aii. aar. pee. ou. aiss. leader tartib naal bnnh keey aar. pee. ou. aiss. kaarak daa anuvad curran witch madad karda haii.

susanne gotsman susanne gotsmen ityayam rashtriya-karkarog-samsthaayaam (enn. sii. aii.) sookshmajeevavidnyaanee asti, yat rashtriya-swaasthya-samsthanam bhaagah asti. gotsmen 2008 tamaat varshaat "vaarshik-sookshmajeewawidnyaan-sameekshayaha" sampaadakah asti. saa jaivikaniyamanasya kshetre agragaami asti yasmin protees iti nirdishtaan anyaan protein ityetaan nashoshayantah enzams, koshikaayaah antah kendreeyam paatram nirvahanti. saa proteeses-ityasya nootanaparivaarasya kendreeyavisheshaan anvishya spashtekrutavatee yat e. tea. pee-jalawishleshanaroopen teshaam karyartham urjaayaah aavashyakataa bhavati. saa bacteria-laghu-aar. enn. e.-ityasya aavishkarane, lakshananirdhaarane cha pramukham bhumikam nirvahati sma. praarambhikajeevanam tathaa shiksha. gotsmen ityasya janma 1945 mey 19 dinaanke nyuyaark-nagare abhavat. tasyaah pitaa lekhaakaaratven prashikshita aasit, rotiseries, anye laghuvidyayajyaani cha nirmaatum samsthaa chaalayat. tasyaah maataa ucchavidyaalayasya shikshikaa aasit, pashchat maargadarshak-paramarshadata abhavat. panchama-shashta-shrenee-madhye gotsmen ityasmai "sookshmajeev-shikaaree" iti pustakam dattam. idam pustakam tasyaah vaidnyaanik-vruttijeevanam prerayat, yatah saa vaidnyaanik-shodhasya mahatvena, jatilaprakrutinaa cha akarshita abhavat. saa ucchavidyaalaye grishmakaaleenakaaryakrame bhaagam laitvaa vidnyaanavishaye swasya jijnaasaa aviratavatee. nyuyaark-nagarasya laang-ailand-nagarasya waldemer-nagare eshah ekam shodha-avasarah aasit. gotsmen ityeshah sheetalayuddhasy samaye vijnaana-praudyogikee-vishaye mahattvam dattavaan iti asya avasarasya krute runee abhavat. ayam anubhawah vidnyaanasya prati tasyaah utkatataam vardhayitum sahayyam krutavaan, yatah saa aanuvamshikee, dii. enn. e., karkarogm, jeevaanavah cha prati parichitaa aasit. gotsmen e bee praptavan.a. 1967 tame varshe rodcliffe mahaavidyaalayaat jaivaraasaayanikavidnyaanasya cha snaatakapadaveem praptavan.dee. 1972 tame varshe haarvard-vishvavidyaalayaat sookshmajeewawidnyaan-vishaye snaatakapadaveem praaptavatee. saa 1971 taha 1974 paryantam enn. sii. aii. ityasya aanwik-jeevavijnaana-prayogashalayam snaatakottar-prashikshanm krutavatee. 1974 taha 1976 paryantam saa masaachusets institute aaf teknaalaji ityatra shodhasahayogi aasit, tatah param enn. sii. aii. ityasya aanwik-jeevavijnaana-prayogashalayam varishta-anveshakatvena pratyaagatavatee. saa tasmin prayogashalayaha saha-pramukhah, tasya jaivaraasaayanik-aanuvamshikeevibhaagasya pramukhah cha asti. vaidnyaanikam yogadanam. gotsmen 1960 tame dashake haarvard-nagare snaatakachaatrah aasit, jaan bekwit ityanena saha karyam krutavaan. teshaam kaarye "ee" iti adhikam bodhayitum lyaak-operan ityasya adhyayanm aasit. kolai "arabinos operaan" iti. teshaam shodhanaat, te darshayitum samarthah abhavan yat transuicing bacteriophase arabinos-operaan ityasya krute karyam kartum shaknoti iti. poorva adhyayanaani kevalam lyaak-operaan ityasmin eva safalataam darshayan, parantu lamba-fages ityeshaa arabinos-operaan ityasya parikshanam safalam abhavat. rashtriya-swaasthya-samsthaasu gotsmen ityasya pashchat samshodhane asya lambda-fages ityasya upayogam, bacteriophase-roginah katham bacteria-kromosom-madhye svapraveshtum shaknuvanti, tatah cha swaprahaarebhyah nishkaasayitum shaknuvanti iti dnyaatum krutam. susanne gotsmen ityeshaa laghu-aar. enn. e. tathaa e. tea. pee.-ashrita-proteeses ityetaih saha tasyaah karyasya krute prasiddha asti. etaasu vishayeshu tasyaah karyasya prashamsaam princeton-vishvavidyaalayasya pradhyapakaha thaamas silhevi, poorvapradhyaapakah david boatstein ityaadayah vaidnyaanikah akurvan. gotsmen ityeshaa swasyaah shodham "ee" iti vishaye kendreekrutavatee. kolai "koshaah tathaa vamshavaahi-niyamanasya prakriya. saa oorjaa-ashritasya proteolysis ityasya tantrasya adhyayanam aarabdhavatee, parantu asmin prakriyayam laghu-aar. enn. e. ityetaani drushtavatee. laghuhu aar. enn. e. iti aar. enn. e. ityasya laghu-kramah asti, yasya koshikasu vividhaah karyani santi. te vruddhihi, koshikaavibhedah, rakshanm ityadinam koshikaprakriyayam mahattvapoornaani iti darshitam asti. karkarogah, madhumehah, yakrutarogah ityadinam roganam krute api laghu-aar. enn. e. ityete kaaranaroopen niroopitaah santi. e. tea. pee.-ashrita-protees-ityetaani viniyaamak-proteins-staram nirvahayitum, kasyaapi doshayukta-kshatigrasta-proteins-ityetaat cha mukttim praaptum darshitaah santi. te anukramanikaa-dwara athavaa rasayanika-anuroopa-parasparakriyaa vaa swanirdishta-staraihi saha bandhayanti. gotsmen ityasya adhyayaneshu saa darshayat yat e. tea. pee.-aashritaani protees-protees-proteins ityetaani, prati-adaptor tathaa adaptor-protein ityetaih, teshaam substrate-anubhihi viniyamitaani bhavanti iti. bacteriayaha samanya-tanaava-pratikriyayaha adhyayanasya vishishtam mahattvam etat nishkarshanam darshitam asti. e. tea. pee.-aashritaih proteeses-ityetaih saha, laghuhu aar. enn. e. anuhu api asya pratikriyayaha mahattwapoornah bhaagah asti. yathaa, gotsmen ityasya samshodhane eteshu laghuvaasu aar. enn. e. ityeteshu ekaha aar. pi. o. ityasya anuvaadam sakaratmakarupena niyantreetum shaknoti iti dnyaatam, yat "ee" ityasya stress sigmaa-kaarakam vartate. koliyo ". dee. ess. aar. e. small aar. enn. e. iti aar. pi. e.-leader-sequence ityanena saha banding krutvaa aar. pi. e. ess-factor ityasya anuvaadam kartum sahayyam karoti.

susan codsman susan godsman thaesiya puttrunoai niruvanaththil (enn. chii. aii) oru nunnuyiriyalaalar aavaar, idhu thaesiya sugaathaara niruvanangalin oru paguthiyaagum. 2008 muthal "nunnuyiriyalin varudaanthira mathippaaivu" endra idhazhin aasiriyaraaga codsman irunthu varukiraar. uyiriyal ozhungumuraip paguthiyil avar oru munnoadiyaaga ullaar, idhil proteaskal enappadum kuripitta pira purathangkalai azhikkum ensaimkal uyiranuvirkul oru mukiya pangaik kondullana. aee. dii. pii-neeraarpakuppu vadivaththil avattrin seyalpaattirku aattral thaevaippadum proteaskalin oru puthiya kudumbaththin maiya amsangkalai avar kandupiditthu thelivupaduththinaar. bacteria siriya raanaakkalin kandupidippu mattrum gunaathisayaththilum avar mukiya pangku vagiththullaar. aarambagaala vaazhkkai mattrum kalvi. godsman mae 19,1945 andru newyoarkil piranthaar. avarathu thanthai oru kanakkaalaraagap payirchi pettraar, maelum roattisarigal mattrum pira siriya ubakaranangkalai thayaarikkum niruvanatthai nadaththinaar. avarathu taayaar oru uyarnilaip palli aasiriyaraaga irunthaar, pinnar oru vazhikaattal aaloasagar aanaar. ainthaavathu allathu aaraam vaguppil, kotsmanukku "nunnuyir vaettaikkaarargal" endra thalaippil oru puththagam vazhangkappattathu. inththa puththagam avarathu ariviyal vaazhkkaiyai ookkuviththathu, aenenil avar ariviyal aaraaychchiyin mukkiyathuvam mattrum kuzhappamaana thanmai kuritthu eerkkappattaar. uyarnilaip pallyil oru koadaikkaala nigazhchchiyil kalandhu kolvathan moolam avar ariviyalil thanathu aarvatthaith thodarnthaar. idhu newyorkin long theevil ulla valtameril nadaipettra oru aaraaichi vaaippaagum. panippoarin poathu ariviyal mattrum thozhilnutpaththirku mukkiyathuvam aliththathae inththa vaaippukku kaaranam endru codsman koorinaar. inththa anubavam ariviyal meethaana avarathu aarvatthai athikarikka uthaviyathu, aenenil avar marabiyal, dna, puttrunoai mattrum bacteriakkalukku arimugappaduththappattaar. codsman oru pii pettraar.auuu. 1967 aam aandil rodcliffe kallooriyil irunthu uyirvaethiyiyal ariviyalil pattam pettraar.dii. 1972 aam aandil haarvard palkalaikkazhagaththil nunnuyiriyalil pattam pettraar. 1971 muthal 1974 varai enn. chii. aii. yinn moolakkooru uyiriyal aaivagaththil munaivar pattap payirchi pettraar. 1974 muthal 1976 varai, avar massusets thozhilnutpa niruvanaththil aaraaichi koottaaliyaaga irunthaar, pinnar enn. chii. aii. yinn moolakkooru uyiriyal aaivagaththirku mooththa aaivaalaraagath thirumbinaar. avar antha aaivagaththin inaith thalaivaraagavum, adhan uyirvaethiyiyal marabiyal pirivin thalaivaraagavum ullaar. ariviyal pankalippukal. 1960kazhil haarvardil pattathaari maanavaraaga irunththa godsman, john pekviththudan panipurinthaar. avarkalin vaelai "eee" aii maelum purinthukolla lock aaparaenai padippathil eedupattathu. koolii "arabinos ooparaan. thangal aaraaychchiyil irunthu, oru transuesing bacteriobage arabinos aaparaenukku vaelai seiya mudiyum enbathai avarkalaal kaatta mudinthathu. munththaiya aaivugal lock ooparaanil mattumae vettriyaik kaattiyirunthana, aanaal lampta bej avarathu soathanaiyil arabinos ooparaanukku vetrtrikaramaaka irunththathu. thaesiya sugaathaara niruvanangalil godsman pirkaala aaraaichi inththa lampta bej-aip payanpaduththi pacteriopagegal evvaaru oru bacteria chromosomil thangalai seruga mudiyum enbathaip purinthukondu pinnar thangalaith thaangkalae agattrukintrana. susan godsman siriya aarr. enn. aekkal mattrum aee. dii. pii-saarntha proatteeskaludan thanathu panikkaaga ariyappadugiraar. inththa paadangkalil avarathu panii brinsetton palkalaikkazhaga paeraasiriyar thamas silahevi mattrum munnaal brinsetton paeraasiriyar davit boadstein poantra vinjnaanigalaal kondaadappattullathu. codsman thanathu aaraaychchiyai "eee" meethu kavanam seluththinaar. koolii "selgal mattrum marabanu ozhungkumurai seyalmurai. avar aattral saarntha proteolysiscona porimuraiyaip padikkath thodangkinaar, aanaal inththa seyalpaattil siriya ranakkalaip pattri thadumarinaar. siriya rna enbathu selkalukkul palvaeru vagaiyaana seyalpaadugalaik konda kurugiya rna varisaigal aagum. avai valarchi, chell vaerupaadu mattrum paathukaappu poantra chell seyalmuraigalil mukkiyamaanathu endru kaattappattullathu. puttrunoai, neerizhivu noai mattrum kalleeral noai poantra sila noigalukku siriya ranakkal oru kaaraniyaaga iruppathaakavum kaattappattullathu. aee. dii. pii-saarntha proteaskal ozhungkumurai purathangkalin alavai paraamarippatharkum, thavaraaga madintha allathu sethamadaintha purathangkalai agattruvatharkum kaattappadugindrana. avai avattrin kuripitta addii moolakkoorugaludan varisai angkeekaaram allathu irasaayana mattrum inakkamaana thodarbugal moolam pinaikkappadugindrana. godsman aaivugalil, aee. dii. pii-saarntha proteaskal avattrin addii moolakkoorugalai anty-adaptor mattrum adaptor purathaththaal vazhangkuvathan moolam kattuppaduththappadugindra enbathai avar kaattinaar. bacteria podhu mana aluththa pathilaip pattriya aaivil inththa kandupidippu kuripitta mukkiyatthuvaththaik kaattukirathu. add-pii-saarntha proatteeskaludan, siriya rna moolakkoorugal inththa pathilin mukiya paguthiyaagum. eduththukkaattaaga, godsman aaraaychchiyil inththa siriya aarr. enn. aee. kazhil ondru aarr. pii. ooo. ess mozhipeyarppai saathagamaaga ozhungkupaduththuvathaagak kandariyappattathu, idhu "eee" inn aluththa sigma kaarani aagum. koolii ". dsra siriya rna arbos thalaivar varisaiyudan pinaippathan moolam arbos kaaraniyai mozhipeyarkka uthavukirathu.

susanne gotsman susanne gotsman national institute off healthlo bhaagamaina national cancer institute (enn. sii. ii) loe suukshmajeevasaastraveetta. gotsman 2008 nundi "microbiology vaarshika sameeksha" kuu sampaadakudigaa unnaaru. jeeva niyantrana rangamlo aame maargadarsakudu, dheenilo proteases anie piluvabade nirdishta itara proteinlanu naasanam chese enjaimlu sell lopala pradhana paatra poeshistaayi. aame kotta proteases kutumbam yokka kendra lakshanaalanu kanugoni, vivarinchindi, ivi eah. tii. pii-hydrolysis roopamlo vaati paniteeruku saktini korutayi. bacterial small rnla aavishkarana mariyu lakshanaalalo kooda aame pradhana paatra pooshinchindi. prarambha jeevitam mariyu vidya. gotsman mae 19,1945naa newyorklo janminchaaru. aame tandri accountantga sikshana pondhi, rotissorylu mariyu itara chinna upakaranaalanu tayaaru chese samsthanu nadiparu. aame talli haiskool upadhyayuralu, taruvaata maargadarsaka salahadaruga maarindi. aidava ledhaa aarava taragatilo, gotsmanku "suukshmajeevula vetagallu" anae pustakam ivvabadindi. eee pustakam aame shaastreeya parisoedhana yokka praamukhyata mariyu gandaragola swabhaavamtho aakarshitudai aame shaastreeya vruttini prerepinchindi. aame unnata paatasaalalo vesavi kaaryakramaaniki haajaru kavadam dwara vignaana saastramlo thana utsukatanu konasaaginchindi. idhi newyorkloni long ailandloni waldemerlo jarigina parisoedhana avakaasam. pracchanna yuddha samayamlo vignaana shaastram mariyu saanketikataku praadhaanyata ivvadam valla eee avakaasam labhinchindani gotsman paerkonnaaru. eee anubhavam aame janyusaastram, dna, cancer mariyu bacteriaku parichayam cheyabadinanduna vignaana shaastram patla aame abhiruchini penchadaaniki sahaayapadindi. gotsman oka bii andukunnadu.eah. 1967loe rodcliffe kalaasaala nundi jeevarasaayana saastraalalo mariyu oka Ph.dii. 1972loe haarvard vishwavidyaalayam nundi suukshmajeevasaastramloo. aame 1971 nundi 1974 varaku nci yokka paramaanu jeevasastra prayogasaalalo post doctoral sikshana pondindi. 1974 nundi 1976 varaku, aame masachusets institute off technologylo research associatega unnaaru, nci yokka molecular biology prayogasaalaku senior investigatorga tirigi raavadaaniki mundu. aame aaa prayogasaalaku saha-adhipati mariyu daani jeevarasaayana janyusaastra vibhaagaaniki adhipati. shaastreeya rachanalu. gotsman 1960laloe harwardlo graduate vidyaarthigaa panicheesaaru mariyu zaan bekvittoe kalisi panicheesaaru. vaari paniloo "ii" nuu marinta ardham chesukovadaniki lyaak aaperannu adhyayanam cheyadam untundi. kolai "arabinos operon. vaari parisoedhana nundi, vaaru oka transducing bacteria arabinos operon kosam pani cheyagaladani choopinchagaligaaru. munupati adhyayanalu lock operon loe matrame vijayanni choopinchaayi, conny aame pareekshalo arabinos operon kosam lambda faze vijayavantamaindi. jaateeya aarogya samsthalalo gotsman chesina taruvaata parisoedhanaloo eee lambda fagenu bacteria chromosomelo bacteria tamanu taamu elaa choppinchagalado ardham chesukovadaniki upayoginchaaru, aapai tamanu taamu tolaginchukuntaaru. susanne gotsman chinna rnlu mariyu etipi-aadhaarita proteajlatho aame chesina paniki prasiddhi chendindi. eee vishayaalalo aame chesina krushini prinsetton vishwavidyaalaya professor thamus silhevi mariyu maajee prinsetton professor david boatstein vanti saastravettalu jarupukunnaru. gotsman thana parisoedhananu "ii" paie kendrikarincharu. kolai "kanaalu mariyu janyu niyantrana prakriya. aame shakti-aadhaarita proteolysis kosam yantraamgaanni adhyayanam cheyadam praarambhinchindi, conny eee prakriyaloo chinna rnlpy porapaatlu chesindi. chinna rna anedi kanaalalo aneka rakaala vidhulanu kaligi unna chinna rna shrenulu. avi perugudala, kana bhedam mariyu rakshana vanti kana prakriyalalo keelakamainavigaa chuupabaddaayi. chinna rnlu kooda cancer, madhumeham mariyu kaaleya vyaadhi vanti konni vyaadhulaku karakamga chuupabaddaayi. eah. tii. pii-aadhaarita proteaselu niyantrana proteinla sthaayini nirvahinchadaaniki mariyu edainaa tappugaa madathapettabadina ledhaa debbatinna proteinlanu vadilinchukovadaaniki chuupabadataayi. avi kramam gurtimpu dwara ledhaa rasayana mariyu aakruti paraspara charyala dwara vaati nirdishta uparitalaalaku bandhistaayi. gotsman adhyayanaalalo, anty-adaptor mariyu adaptor protein dwara vaati uparitala anuvula pampinhee dwara eah. tii. pii-aadhaarita proteases niyantrinchabadataayani aame choopinchindi. bacteria saadhaarana ottidi pratispandana adhyayanamlo eee kanugonadam nirdishta praamukhyatanu choopinchindi. eah. tii. pii-aadhaarita proteajlatho paatu, chinna aarr. enn. yea anuvulu eee pratispandanalo mukhyamaina bhaagam. udaaharanaku, gotsman parisoedhanaloo eee chinna rnlalo okati arpos yokka anuvaadaanni sanukoolamgaa niyantristundani kanugonabadindi, idhi "ii" yokka ottidi sigma karakam. kolai ". dsra chinna rna rpos leader sequensku bandhinchadam dwara rpos karakanni anuvadinchadaaniki sahaayapadutundi.

sosaan gotsmen sosan gotsmen national cancer insity teut (aine see aayee) mein eek micro biologist haine juu national insity teut aaf health kaa hasah hay. gotsmen 2008 say "micro biology kay salanah jaizay" kay editor rahay haine. wah hayatiyati zabtay kay shobay mein eek alambardar haine jiss mein inzaem juu makhsus dosray protein kuu tabaah kartay haine jinhein proteez kehtay haine khalyaat kay andar markazi kirdaar adaa kartay haine. iss nay proteez kay eek nayey khaandaan kii markazi khususiyat kuu driyafat kiyaa aur waazah kiyaa jinn kay liye aey tye pee hydrolysis kii shakal mein inn kay kaam kay liye tawanayi kii zarurat hoti hay. iss nay chhotay jaraseem waalay aar aine aey kii driyafat aur khususiyat mein bhee aham kirdaar adaa kiyaa hay. ibtadayi zindagi aur taleem. gotsmen 19 mayee 1945 kuu neoyork mein paida hoay. iss kay waalid nay accountant kay toor parr tarbiyat haasil kii thee aur wah eek company chalatay thay juu rotessori aur deegar chhotay aalat banaati thee. inn kii waldah hayee school kii teacher thein aur baad mein guidance councillor bunn gayein. panchwen yaa chhatti jamaat mein gotsmen kuu "microbe hunters" kay anwaan say eek kitaab dee gayee. iss kitaab nay inn kay sciency carrier kuu mutasir kiyaa keunkah wah sciency tehqeeq kii ahmiyat aur aljhan kii noiyat say mutasir hoyein. iss nay hayee school mein summer prograam mein sharkat karkay science mein apnaa tajsas jaari rakhaa. yaha laang aayee lend neoyork kay waldemer mein munaqid honay waala eek tehqiqi moqaa thaa. gotsmen nay iss moqaa kuu sard jung kay doraan science aur technology parr zoor deenay say mansub kiyaa. iss tajarbay nay science kay liye inn kay jazbay kuu farogh deenay mein madad kii keunkah inhein jinyaat ddee aine aey cancer aur bacteria say mutaarif karaya gayaa thaa. gotsmen kuu aey bee milaa.aey. 1967 mein redcliff college say baiyo chemical sciences mein aur pee aich ddee kii digri haasil kii.ddee. 1972 mein harward university say micro biology mein. inhon nay 1971 say 1974 takk aine see aayee kii libartry aaf molecular biology mein post doctorate kii tarbiyat haasil kii. 1974 say 1976 takk wah aine see aayee kii libartry aaf molecular biology mein seniyar investy gatter kay toor parr waps aaney say pehley misachosts insity teut aaf technology mein recerch aisosi aett thein. wah iss libartry kii shareek sarbarah aur iss kay baiyo chemical jinyaat kay hasay kii sarbarah haine. sciency sharakat. gotsmen 1960 kii dahayi mein harward mein graduate taalib alam thay aur inhon nay jaan beek waith kay saath kaam kiyaa. inn kay kaam mein "ayee" kuu mazeed samajhne kay liye leek operion kaa mutalah karnaa shaamil thaa. coley "arbinoz operion. apnee tehqeeq say wah yaha zahir karnay mein kamiyab hoay kahh eek transdiosing bacteriophage arbinoz operion kay liye kaam kirr saktaa hay. pachlay mutaliat nay sarf leek operion mein kamiyabi zahir kii thee leakin lambda feej iss kii jaanch mein arbinoz operion kay liye kamiyab rehaa. national insity teut aaf health mein gotsmen kii baad kii tehqeeq mein iss lambda feej kaa istemaal yaha samajhne kay liye kiyaa gayaa kahh bacteriophages bacterial chromosome mein khood kuu kisay daakhil kirr saktay haine aur phir baad mein khood kuu hataa saktay haine. sosan gotsmen chhotay aar aine aey aur aey tye pee parr munhasir proteez kay saath apnay kaam kay liye jaanee jaati haine. inn mazamin mein inn kay kaam kuu prinston university kay professor thamas salahi aur saabiq prinston professor dude boatstein jeesay sciencedanon nay saraha hay. gotsmen nay apnee tehqeeq "ayee" parr markoz kii. coley "khalyaat aur jaine kay zabtay kaa amal. iss nay tawanayi parr munhasir proteolesis kay tariqah kaar kaa mutalah karnaa sharoo kiyaa leakin iss amal mein chhotay aar aine aey parr thokar khayee. chhotay aar aine aey mukhtasir aar aine aey tartibaat haine jinn mein khaliyon kay andar mukhtalif qasm kay afaal hotay haine. inhein khaliyon kay amal jeesay nashonuma khaliyon kii tafriq aur dafaa mein aham saabat kiyaa gayaa hay. chhotay aar aine aey kuu bhee cancer ziyabetas aur jigar kii bemari jaisi baaz beemariyon mein eek ansar dikhaya gayaa hay. aey tye pee parr munhasir proteez kuu regulatory protein kii satah kuu barqarar rakhnay aur kasee bhee ghalat fold yaa kharaab protein say chhatkara paaney kay liye dikhaya gayaa hay. wah tartib kii shanakhat yaa kimiyayi aur tashkil kay taamlat kay zariye apnay makhsus substrates say jaday hotay haine. gotsmen kay mutaliat mein iss nay dikhaya kahh aey tye pee parr munhasir proteez kuu ainti adapter aur adapter protein kay zariye inn kay substrait molecules kii farahami say manzam kiyaa jaataa hay. yaha driyafat bacterial general strais response kay mutalah mein makhsus ahmiyat kaa mazahirah karti hay. aey tye pee parr munhasir proteez kay saath chhotay aar aine aey molecule iss radamil kaa eek aham hasah haine. misaal kay toor parr gotsmen kii tehqeeq mein inn chhotay aar aine aey mein say eek aar pee awo kay tarjumah kuu masbat toor parr manzam karnay kay liye paaya gayaa juu "ayee" kaa eek tanao sagma ansar hay. coley. ddee aiss aar aey chhota aar aine aey aar pee aiss leader sequence say baandh kirr aar pee aiss ansar kaa tarjumah karnay mein madad kartaa hay.

0001a600cdab81bfc947dc45b16fdd4af061841b60380146b667013cca22133a

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki?curid=805926

Radhesh

Radhesh English. Etymology. From a words "radha" (Lord Krishna's devotee) and "eesh" (God). "Hindi" grammar thus give the meaning as "radha's god" i.e. "Krishna".

radhesh ingraji. byutpotti. raadha" (bhogowan krishnor bhokto) aaru "eex" (bhogowan) xobdor poraa. "hindi" byakrome eidore "radhor debota" ortho diye.ee. "krishno.

radhesh. ingrezi. byutpatti. radha" (bhagwan krishner bhokto) ebong "eesh" (isshor) shobdo theke. "hindi" byakaran eibhabe "radhar debota" hisabe ortho deyo.ee. "krishna.

radheshyam angreji. vyutpatti. raadha" (bhagvaan krushnanaa bhakt) aneey "ishh" (bhagvaan) shabdomathi. "hindi" vyaakaran aama "radhaanaa bhagvaan" tareeke arth aape chhe.ee. "krushna".

radheshyam angrezi. vyutpatti. radha" (bhagwan krishna key bhakt) aur "eesh" (bhagwan) shabdon seey. "hindi" vyaakaran iss prakaar "radha key bhagwan" key roop mein arth detaa haye.ee. "krishna.

radhe inglish. vyutpatti. radha" (bhagwan krishnana bhakta) mattu "eesh" (devaru) emba padagalinda. "hindi" vyakaranavu heege "radheya devaru" emba arthavannu niiduttade.ii. "krishna".

radhesheem engleesh. padavyuthpathishaasthram. raadha" (shreekrishnabhagavaante bhaktan), "eesh" (daivam) ennee vaakkukalil ninnu. "hindi" vyakaranam "raadhayude daivam" enna ardham nalkunnu.iii. "krishnan".

radheshyam ingraji. vyutpatti. radha' (bhagwan krishnacha bhakt) aanee 'eesh' (dev) yaa shabdanpasun. "hindi" vyakaran asha prakare "radhacha dev" mhanje arth dete.eae. "krishna".

radheshyam angreji. wyutpatti. radha" (bhagawan krishnako bhakta) rar "ish" (bhagawan) shabdaharubata. "hindi" wyakaranle yasari "radhako devta" ko artha dinchha.ei. "krishna.

radhesh ingraji. byutpatti. radha" (bhagaban krushnanka bhakta) ebong "ish" (bhagaban) shabdaru. "hindi" byakarana ehipari artha deithae "radhar debata".ee. "krishna.

radhea angrezi. shabdawali. raadha" (bhagwan krishan daa bhagat) atey "eesh" (bhagwan) shabdan toon. "hindi" viaakaran iss tarahan "raadha dey devta" daa arth dinda haii.ee. "krishna.

radheshyamaha. anglabhashayam. vyutpattih. radha" (shreekrushnasya bhaktah) tathaa "eesh" (dewah) iti shabdayoho. "hindee" vyaakaranam ityatah "radhayaha dewah" iti arthah bhavati.ee. "krushnah" iti.

radeshan aangkilam. sorpirappiyal. raathaa" (bhagavaan krishnarin bakthar) mattrum "eesh" (kadavul) endra vaarththaigalilirunthu. "hinthi" ilakkanamaanathu "raathaavin kadavul" endra porulai alikkirathu.ii. "krishnar".

radhesam aanglam. vyutpatti. raadha" (sreekrushnuni bhaktudu) mariyu "eesh" (devudu) anae padaala nundi. "hindhi" vyaakaranam "antey" raadha devudu "anie ardham istundi.ii. "krishna".

radhesh angrezi. siftiyat. alfaz "raadha" (bhagwan krishna kaa aqeedat mund) aur "aish" (khadaa) say. "hindy" grimer iss tarah maanee deeta hay "raadha kay devta" yauni.ayee. "krishna.

0001aa45a69c48621ed19a90d1d76cbcb3807b75c90c45b9538f838cb11cdaf1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3750278

Thetis (decoy)

Thetis (decoy) Thetis was the name of a floating radar decoy used by German U-boats during the Second World War. The device was stored dismantled in the bow compartment as a pole about two metres long. Assembly usually took place in the U-boat's conning tower, and could be assembled in about four minutes ("FuMT 2 - Thetis IIC"). Later versions could be launched from a standard torpedo tube ("FuMT 4 - Thetis US"). When deployed, it was extended to a total length of eight metres, half of which was submerged. The upper half had a series of reflectors that were tuned to Allied anti-submarine radar wavelengths to give the same return signal as a U-boat. The number of Thetis decoys carried varied between different U-boats: The first time the Allies knew about the "Thetis" was in a coded radio message to all U-boats transmitted on 11 January 1944. "Thetis" was introduced in January, when large numbers were released into the Bay of Biscay in July to simulate U-boat patrols during the Battle of Normandy. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

thitis (dikoy) thitis aasil dwitiyo biswojudhor xomoyot german eu-nauxomuhe byobohar koraa etaa bhaxman redar dikoyor naam. jontrotu pray dui mitter dighol etaa khuti hisape dhonukor compartmentot dhongxo kori xongrokhyon koraa hoisil. xadharonote eu-naur conning tawarot xomabex onusthito hoisil, aaru pray chaari minutet ekotrito koribo paari ("fumt 2-thetis aai. aai. chi"). poroborti xongskoronbur etaa maanok torpido nolir poraa mukoli koribo paari ("fumt 4-thitis euce"). jetiya iyak niyujit koraa hoisil, iyak muth aath mitter doirghyoloi xomproxarito koraa hoisil, jaar aadha ongxo dubo goisil. uporor ordhangxot protirudhokor etaa sringkhola aasil jibur eu-naur dore eke ghuri ohaa xongket diboloi mitro-bandhun proti-sabmerin raadar torongodoirghyor xoite tyun koraa hoisil. bibhinno eu-naur maajot bohon koraa thitis dikoyor xongkhya bhinno aasiloh 1944 sonor 11 januaryt xomprosarito xokolu eu-nauloi "theti" ror bixoye mitroxoktixokole prothombaror baabe ek koo 'dodd koraa readyo' bartat janisil. januaryt "theti" proborton koraa hoisil, jetiya normandir juddhor xomoyot eu-naur toholor onukoron koriboloi july maahot brihot xongkhyok lukok biser upoxagoroloi mukoli koraa hoisil.

theaties (dicoy) dwitiya bishwojuddher somoy german eu-boat dwara byabohrito ekti vasman rudder dicoyer naam chhilo theaties. jontroti pray dui mitter lomba khunti hisabe dhonuker kamra venge rakha hoyechilo. samabesh sadharonoto eu-noukar conning taware onusthito hoto ebong pray chaar minuter modhye ekotrito koraa jeto ("fumot 2-theaties iic"). poroborti sangaskaranguli ekti standard torpedo tube ("fumot 4-theaties us") theke chaalu koraa jete paare. jokhon motayen koraa hoyechilo, tokhon etty moat aatt mitter doirgho porjonto prosarito koraa hoyechilo, jaar ardhek jolomogno chhilo. uporer ardheker modhye ekadhik protipholok chhilo jaa ekti eu-boater moto ekoi prottabortoner sangket deoar jonno sangshlishto anty-submarine rudder torongodoirgher saathe soor koraa hoyechilo. bivinno eu-noukar modhye bohon koraa theaties dekoyer sankhya vinno chhiloh mitrora jokhon prothombar "thiti" somporke jaante perechilo, tokhon 1944 saaler 11ee januari samasta eu-noukagulike ekti coded redio barta pathano hoyechilo. januaryte "thiti" chaalu koraa hoyechilo, jokhon julai maase normandyr juddher somoy eu-boat toholer anukaran korar jonno bipul sankhyak lokke biske uposagore chhede deoa hoyechilo.

thatis (decoy) theaties aee beeja vishvyuddh darmiyan german yuu-booat dwara upyogmaa levaata tartaa radaar decoynu naam hatoo. upkaranne lagbhag beey meater laambaa thambhala tareeke dhanush dabbama todee padvama aavyu hatoo. assembly saamanya reete yuu-botnaa coning towerma thatee hatee, aneey lagbhag chaar minutema assemble curry shakaati hatee ("foomt 2-theaties aaee. aaee. see"). pachhini aavruttio pramanbhut torpido tube ("foomt 4-theaties yuu") maanthi sharoo curry shakaay chhe. jyaare tene tainaat karvaamaa aavyu tyaare tenee coole lambai aath meater sudhee lambavvama aavee hatee, jemathi adadho bhaag paanimaa dooby gayo hato. upala bhagma paraavartakoni shrenee hatee jeey yuu-boatnee jaim jaj valtar sanket aapvaa maate sanlagn anty-submarin radaar taranglambai saathe tune karvaamaa aavee hatee. viveedh yuu-booat vachche vahan karaayel theaties decoyni sankhyaa alag alag hateeh saathione pratham vakhat "theaties" vishe khabar hatee keey 11 january, 1944naa roj prasaarit tamaam yuu-boatne coded rediyo sandeshma "theaties" rajoo karvaamaa aavyo hato, jyaare normendini ladaai darmiyan yuu-booat petrolinganu anookaran karvaa maate julyma motee sankhyama biskeni khaadimaa chhodvama aavyaa hataa.

thees (dikoy) thittis dwiteeya vishva yuddh key dauran german yuu-naukaaon dwara upayog kiye jaane vaale ack tairate radar kaa naam thaa. upkaran koo lagbhag dou meater lambe khambhe key roop mein dhanush dibbe mein nasht curr diyaa gayaa thaa. aam taur parr yuu-boat key conning tower mein assembly hoti thee, aur lagbhag chaar minut mein assemble kii jaa sakati thee ("fumt 2-thees aaee. aaee. see"). baad key sanskaranon koo ack maanak tarpedo tube ("fumt 4-thees ass") seey launch kiya jaa sakata haye. jaba tainaat kiya gayaa, tou ise kull aathh meater kii lambai taka badhaaya gayaa, jiska aadhaa hissa jalmagn thaa. oopari aadhe mein paraavartakon kii ack shrinkhala thee jise yuu-boat key samaan vaapsee sanket dene key liye sambaddh pandubbi rodhi radar tarang dairdhya key liye tune kiya gayaa thaa. vibhinn yuu-naukaaon key beach leey jaane vaale dikoy kii sankhya bhinn theeh pahali baar jaba sahyogiyon koo pataa chalaa kii "theatis" key baare mein 11 janwari 1944 koo prasaarit sabhi yuu-naukaaon key liye ack kodit radio sandesh mein thaa. janwari mein "theatis" pesh kiya gayaa thaa, jaba badee sankhya mein samanya yuddh key dauran yuu-nauka gasht kaa anukaran karane key liye julaai mein biske kii khaadi mein chhod diyaa gayaa thaa.

thetis (decoy) eradane mahayuddhada samayadalli germany yuu-doonigalu balasida teluva radar decoyne hesaru thetis aagittu. ee saadhanavannu sumaru eradu meater uddada kambavagi billu compartmentnalli kedavalaayitu. jodaneyu samanyavagi yuu-dooniya coning gopuradalli nadeyuttittu, mattu sumaru naalku nimishagalalli jodisabahudu ("phumt 2-thetis aisi"). nantarada aavruttigalannu pramanita torpido tubeninda ("phumt 4-thetis ass") udaayisabahudu. niyojisidaga, adannu ottu entu meater uddakke vistarisalaayitu, adaralli ardhadashtu mulugittu. melina ardhabhaagavu yuu-doniyanteye hindiruguva sanketavannu needalu puraka jalaantargaami-virodhi radar tarangaantaragalige hondisalaada paraavartakagala saraniyannu hondittu. vividha yuu-doonigala naduve saagisalaada tetis dikoygala sankhye bhinnavagittuhu mitraraashtragalige modala baarige tilidiruvante, "theaty" galu ellah yuu-doonigalige coded radeo sandeshadalliddavu, idannu 1944rahra janavari 11randu prasara maadalaayitu. normandy kadanada samayadalli yuu-dooni gastu tiruguvudannu anukarisalu julainalli dodda sankhyeyalli biscay kolliyalli bidugade madidaga "theaty" galannu janavariyalli parichayisalaayitu.

theettis (decoy) randaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu jarmman yuu-bottukal upayogichirunna oru floating radar decoy peraanu theettis. ekadesham rund meter neelamulla oru thoonaayi boow compartmentil upakaranam polichuneekki sookshichirunnu. saadhaaranayaayi yuu-bottinte coning gopurathilaanu assembly nadakkuka, ekadesham naalu minittinullil ("phumtt 2-theettis aiku") assembly cheyyaan kazhiyum. pilkkala pathippukal oru staanderd torpido tubil ninnu vikshepikkaan kazhiyum ("phoomtt 4-theettis azz"). vinyasichappol, athinte pakuthi vellathinadiyilaayi motham ettu meter neelatthilekku vyapippichu. yuu-bottinte athe ritten signal nalkunnathinaayi anubandha aanti-submarine radar tharamgadairkhyangalumaayi tyoon cheytha reflectorukalude oru parambara mukalile pakuthiyilaayirunnu. vividha yuu-bottukalkkidayil vahikkunna theettis decoyikalude ennam vyathyasthamaayirunnu 1944 januvari 11nuu ellah yuu-bottukalkkum ayacha oru coded radio sandeshathilaan "theethikale" kurichu sakhyakakshikal aadyamaayi arinjathu. normandi yudhathil yuu-boat patrolling anukarikkunnathinayi joolaiyil valia ennam aalukale biscay ulkkadalilekku vittayachappol januvariyil "theethikal" avatharippikkappettu.

thetis (decoy) thetis heey heey mahayuddhadarmyan german yuu-botinni vaparlelya tarangatya radarchya decoyche naav hote. heey upkaran sumare done meater lambicha khamb mhanoon dhanushya dabyat nasht karoon sathavale gele. assembly sahasa yuu-boatchya conning towermadhye hote aanee sumare chaar minitant ("phumt 2-theatis aay. aay. see") assemble karata yet asey. nantarchya aavrutya pramanit torpedo tubemadhun ("phumt 4-theatis aus") prakshepit kelya jaau shakatat. tainat kelyavar, tyachi ekoon lambi aath meetarparyant vadhavanyat aalee, jyapaiki ardhi panyakhali gelee hotee. varchya ardhya bhagat paravartakanchi malika hotee jee yu-botpramanech paratava sanket denyasathi sanlagn panbudivirodhi radar tarangalambishi julavun ghetali gelee hotee. vegvegalya yuu-botinmadhye vahoon nenyat nenyat theaties decoychi sankhya vegvegali hotih mitrapakshanna pahilyanda 'theaties' baddal mahitee hotee, 11 janewari 1944 roji prasarit jhalelya serve yuu-botinna coded redio sandeshat. janevarimadhye 'theaties' sadar karnyat aale, jevha normandichya ladhaidarmyan yuu-boat gast ghalanyasathi julaimadhye mothya sankhyene biskechya upasagarat sodale gele.

thatis (decoy) theatis dosro wishwayuddhako samayama german yu-botharudwara prayog garieko floating radar dikayako naam thiyo. upkaranlai lagbhag dui mitter lamo khambako rupma dhanushko dibbama dhwasta gari bhandaran garieko thiyo. bhela samanyataya yu-botko coning towerma hune gardathyo, rar lagbhag chaar minetma bhela garna sakinchha ("fumta 2-theatis ic"). pachhika sanskaranharu manak tarpido tube ("fumta 4-theatis asses") batt suru garna sakinchha. jab tainath gariyo, yasalai kull atha mitter lambaima wistar garieko thiyo, jasko adha dubieko thiyo. mathillo adha bhagma parawartakharuko ek shrinkhala thiyo june yu-botko rupma saman firti sanket dina sambadha anti-panadubbi radar tarangadairdhyaharuma tune garieko thiyo. vibhinna yu-dungaharu bitch bokeko thatis dikoyaharuko sankhya bhinna thiyoh sahayogiharulai pahilo patak "theatis" ko barema thaha bhaeko thiyo june 11 janawari 1944 maa prasarit sabai yu-botharulai coded radio sandeshma thiyo. "theatis" janawarima prastut garieko thiyo, jab julyma normandiko yuddhako samayama yu-boat gastiko anukaran garna thulo sankhyama biskeko khadima chhodiyo.

theatis (dcai) theatis thila dwiteeja biswajudha samajare german jayu-boat dwara byabahruta eka bhasman radara decoyra naama . upakaranatiku praiah dui mitter lumb bisista eka khunta bhabe bow compartmentre nust curry rakhajaithila. sadharanatah jayu-boater koning tawarare ehi samabesh anusthita heuthila, ebong praiah chaari minitare ehaaku ekatra karajaipariba ("foomt 2-theatis ike"). parabarti sanskaranagudika eka manaka torpedo tube ("foomt 4-theatis ass") ru arambha karajaipare . jetebele ehaaku nijojita karajaithila, setebele ehara mote dairghya aatha mitter parjyanta brudhi karajaithila, jahara adhaa jalmagna hoijaithila. upara adhaare aneka pratiphalanakaree thila jaahaa jayu-boat bhali samaana pratyabartana sanketa deba paain aanusangika anty-submarine radara tarangadairghya sahita tune karajaithila . bibhinna jayu-danga madhyare bahn karajauthiba thiti dcoa sankhya bhinna bhinna thilah mitramane pratham thara paain janithile je "thiti" gudika 11 januari januari prasarita samasta jayu-dangagudiku eka coded redio barttare thila. januarire "thiti" prachalan karajaithila, jetebele julyre narmandi juddha samajare jayu-danga patrolling anukaran kariba paain bahu sankhyaka lokanku biske upasagaraku chhadi diajaithila.

theatis (dicoy) theatis dooje vishav yuddh dauran german yuu-kishtiaan duaara varte jaanh vaale ikk floating radar dicoy daa naam see. iss yantar noon lagbhag doou meeter lambe khambhe dey roop witch kamaan dey dabbe witch bhang keeta giaa see. assembly aam taur utte yuu-kishti dey coning tower witch hundi see, atey lagbhag chaar mintan ("famat 2-theatis aaee. aaee. see") witch ikkathi keeti jaa sakadi see. baad dey sanskarnan noon ikk standard tarpedo tioob ("famat 4-theatis ashh") toon lanch keeta jaa sakda haii. jadon iss noon tainat keeta giaa taan iss dee kull lambai atth meeter takk vadha ditti gaee see, jiss vicchon addha paanee witch dubb giaa see. uparle addh witch pratibimb dee ikk luddy see joe ikk yuu-kishti dey samaan vaapsee sanket denh laee sehyogi ainti-pandubbi radar tarangan dee lambai naal judee hoee see. vakkh-vakkh yuu-kishtiaan witch lae keey jaanh vaale theatis dicoy dee ginti vakkh-vakkh hundi haiyav pahili vaar sahiyogiaan noon pataa see kii "theatis" 11 janwari 1944 noon prasarit saariaan yuu-kishtiaan noon ikk code keete radio sandesh witch see. janwari witch "theatis" dee shuruat keeti gaee see, jadon julai witch vaddi ginti witch biske dee khaadi witch jaari keeta giaa see taan joe normandy dee ladai dauran yuu-kishti gashat dee nakal keeti jaa sake.

theesis (decoy) dviteeyavishvayuddhe german-deshasya yoo-boat-dwara prayuktasya floating-radar-decoy ityasya naam theatis iti aasit. praayah meater-dwitiya-deerghasya khambarupena yantram vighatitaroopen dhanushya-compartment madhye sanchitam aasit. praayah yoo-boat ityasya koning-gopurasya madhye sabhaa bhavati sma, praayah chaturnite nimesheshu ("fumt 2-theatis aik") samaapayitum shakyate sma. pashchat samskaranaani maanak-tarpedo-tube-dwara prakshepayitum shakyaani aasan ("fumt 4-theatis ass"). yadaa tasya niyojanam krutam tadaa tasya vistaarah ashtameetar yaavat yaavat abhavat, yasya ardhabhaagah jalamagna aasit. uparibhaage paraavartakaanaam shrunkhalaa aasit, yaani yu-boat-ityasya samaanam pratyaagamana-sanketam daatum sambaddhaih jala-rodhee-radar-tarangadairghyaih saha samyojitaah aasan. vividha-yoo-boat-madhye bahitaah theatis-decoy-naukaayaah sankhyaa bhinnah aasit. mitraraashtraih prathamavaaram dnyaatam yat "theaties" iti sanketita-radio-sandesha 1944 janavaree 11 dinaanke prasaaritebhyah sarvanam yoo-boat-krute aasit. janavaree-maase "theaties" ityasya aarambhah abhavat, yadaa normandy-yuddhasya samaye yoo-boat-gastee-anukaranaa kartum julai-maase biske-bey-madhye bahusankhyakaah mukttaah abhavan.

theedis (tegoy) irandaam ulagap poarin poathu jerman yuu-padagugalaal payanpaduththappatta mithakkum radar tikoin peyar theedis aagum. inththa saathanam will pettiyil sumar irandu meettar neelamulla kambamaaga agattrappattu semikkappattathu. koottam vazhakkamaaga yuu-padagin coning koopuraththil nadanthathu, maelum sumar naanku nimidangalil (fumt 2-theedis aichi) orunginaikka mudiyum. pirkaala pathippukal oru nilaiyaana darbido kuzhaayilirundhu ("fumt 4-theedis azz") thodangappadalaam. payanpaduththappattapoathu, idhu moththam ettu meettar neelam varai neettikkappattathu, athil paathi neeril moozhgiyathu. mael paathiyil thodarchchiyaana pirathipalippaankal irunththana, avai yuu-padagu poantra athae thirumbum samignaiyai vazhangkuvatharkaaga athanudan inaintha neermoozhki ethirppu radar alaineelangkaludan inaikkappattana. vevvaeru yuu-padagugalukku idaiyae eduththuch sellappatta theatis kappalkalin ennikkai vaerupattathu. 1944 janavari 11 andru anaitthu yuu-padagugalukkum oru kuriyidappatta vanoli seithiyil "theettikal" irunththathu endru natpu naadugal muthanmuthalil arinththana. normandy poarin poathu yuu-padagu roanththup paniyai uruvagappaduththa juulai maatham biscay virigudaavil adhiga ennikkaiyilaanavargal viduvikkappattapoathu "theettikal" janavari maatham arimugappaduththappattathu.

theetis (decoy) rendava prapancha yuddhamlo german yuu-botlu upayoginchina teliade radar decoy paeru theetis. eee parikaranni villu compartmentlo rendu meterla podavaina stambhamgaa vichchinnam chesi nilva chesaaru. assembly saadhaaranamgaa yuu-boat yokka coning towerloo jarugutundi, mariyu sumaru naalugu nimishaallo ("fumt 2-theetis iic") sameekarinchavachhu. taruvaati samskaranalanu praamaanika torpedo tube ("fumt 4-thetis ass") nundi praarambhinchavacchu. moharinchinappudu, idhi mottam enimidi meterla podavuku vistarinchabadindi, indulo sagam neetilo munigipoyindi. eguva bhaagamlo yuu-boat vale adhe return signalnu ivvadaaniki anubandha jalaantargaami nirodhaka radar tarangadairghyaalaku tune cheyabadina reflectorla shreni undhi. vividha yuu-botla madhya tetis decoyla sankhya maarutuu untundih mitraraajyaalaku modatisaarigaa "theetis" gurinchi teliyadam anedi 1944 janavari 11naa prasaram cheyabadina anni yuu-botlaku sanketha radeo sandesamlo undhi. normandy yuddhamlo yuu-boat gasteeni anukarinchadaaniki joolailo pedda sankhyalo viske beloki vidudala cheyabadinappudu "theetis" janavarilo pravesapettabadindi.

theats (ddikoye) theats dosri jung azeem kay doraan german yuu-boats kay zariah istemaal honay waalay teertay hoay redar ddikoye kaa naam thaa. iss aalay kuu taqriba duu metter lambay khambe kay toor parr kamaan kay dabay mein khatam kirr kay zakhirah kiyaa gayaa thaa. assembly aam toor parr yuu-boat kay koning tower mein hoti thee aur asay taqriba chaar mint mein jamaa kiyaa jaa saktaa thaa ("famat 2-theats aayee aayee see"). baad kay warzan kuu eek mayari tarpedo tube ("famat 4-theats yuu aiss") say laanch kiyaa jaa saktaa hay. jabb tayinaat kiyaa gayaa tuu asay kill aath metter takk badhaa diyaa gayaa jiss kaa aadha hasah dob gayaa thaa. opri nasf mein akaasi karnay waalon kaa eek silsilah thaa jasay yuu-boat kii tarah wapsi kaa asharah deenay kay liye mansalk ainti sabb mirian redar tool moj say mansalk kiyaa gayaa thaa. mukhtalif yuu kashtiyon kay darmiyan lay jaanay waalay theats ddikoyon kii taadad mukhtalif thee: pehli baar itehadiyon kuu malum hawaa kahh "theats" kay baaray mein 11 januri 1944 kuu tamaam yuu-kashtiyon kuu eek coded redio paigham mein thaa. januri mein "theats" mutaarif karaya gayaa thaa jabb normandy kii jung kay doraan yuu-kashti gasht kii nql karnay kay liye jolayi mein bury taadad mein baskay kii khaleej mein chhoda gayaa thaa.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=32704622

Elizabeth Parkinson

Elizabeth Parkinson American stage actress and dancer Elizabeth Parkinson is an American stage actress and dancer. She is best known for playing Brenda in the original production of the musical "Movin' Out". For this performance she was nominated for the 2003 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical, the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Musical and won the 2003 Astaire Award for Best Female Dancer. Career. Parkinson has performed with many ballet companies, including Joffrey Ballet and Twyla Tharp Dance. She appeared on Broadway in the musical "Fosse" in 1999 and then in "Movin' Out" (2002). Parkinson appeared in the Stephen Sondheim and Wynton Marsalis Encores! concert, "A Bed and a Chair: A New York Love Affair", from November 13 through 17, 2013 at City Center, New York City. She is the co-owner/co-director of Fineline Theatre Arts with her husband, fellow performer Scott Wise; the couple have one child. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

elizabeth parkinson elizabeth parkinson egoraki aamerikan moncho obhinetri aaru nrityoxilpi. teu xongitor mool projujona "mubhin out" too brenda bojuwar baabe ataitkoi besi porisito. ei prodorxonor baabe teuk 2003 sonot xongitor egoraki aagxarir obhinetrir shrestho prodorxonor baabe tonny botaa, xongitor egoraki utkristo obhinetrir baabe drama desk botar baabe monunit koraa hoisil aaru 2003 sonot shrestho mohila nrityoxilpir baabe estar botaa laabh korisil. keriyar. parkinsone jofre bele aaru tuwela tharpo nrityoke dhori bohutu bele companyr xoite poriwexon korise. 1999 sonot broadway 'too xongitor "fos" aaru taar pisot "mubhin out" (2002) too obhinoy korisil. parkinson stephen sondheim aaru winton marchelis enkurot dekha goisil! nework sohoror chiti centerot 2013 sonor 13 novemboror poraa 17 novemboroloi onusthito huwa concert, "e bedd endo e seyaroh e nework laabh efayar". teu swamir xoite finline theater artsor xoho-maalik/xoho-porisalok, sko 'tor dore xohokormi; dompotihalor etaa xontan aase.

elizabeth parkinson elizabeth parkinson ekjon markin moncho abhinetri ebong nrityashilpi. tini "movin out" sangiter mool projojonai brenda bajanor jonno sabcheye beshi porichito. eyi abhinoyer jonno tini 2003 saale sangiter ekjon shirshosthaniyo abhinetrir sera abhinoyer jonno tonny puraskar, ekti sangiter asamanno abhinetrir jonno drama deska puraskar ebong 2003 saale sera mohila nrityoshilpir jonno astair puroskarer jonno manoneet hohn. pesha. parkinson jofrey byale ebong toyla thurp nrityo soho onek byale sangosthar saathe abhinoy korechen. tini 1999 saale broadwaite musical "phasa" ebong tarpor "movin out" (2002)-ayee uposthito hohn. parkinson steffen sondheim ebong winton marsalis encorgulite abirbhuto hoyechilo! neu eork shohorer city centere 13 theke 17 navembar, 2013 porjonto "ekti bichhana ebong ekti cheyarah ekti neu eork premer somporko" concert. tini taar swamir saathe fineline theater arter soho-malik/soho-porichalok, scott-vittik sahakarmi; eyi dampatir ekti santan royeche.

elizabeth parkinson elizabeth parkinson aek american stage abhinetri aneey nrutyangna chhe. teey sangeetmay "movin out" naa mool nirmanma brenda vagaadvaa maate jaaniti chhe. aaa pradarshan maate teneene 2003maan sangeetma agranee abhinetri dwara shreshth pradarshan maate tonny award, sangeetma utkrusht abhinetri maate drama desqa award maate namankit karvaamaa aavee hatee aneey shreshth maheela nrutyangna maate 2003maan astyre award jeetyo hato. karkirdi. parkinsne joffrey bele aneey twyla tharp dance saheet ghanee bele companyo saathe pradarshan karyoo chhe. teo 1999maan sangeetmay "phosa" maan broadway parr aneey pachhi "movin out" (2002) maan dekhaaya hataa. parkinson stephen sondhame aneey winton marsalis encorema dekhaayu! concert, "aek bayd aneey aek khurshih aek nyu york prem prasang", 13 novemberthi 17 november, 2013 sudhee ciity center, nyu york ciity khaate. tenee tenaa patee saathe finline theatre artsnee saha-maaleek/saha-nirdeshak chhe, jeey sqota mujabnaa saathee kalakar chhe; aaa dampatine aek baadak chhe.

elizabeth parkinson elizabeth parkinson ack americi munch abhinetri aur nartaki hain. unhein sangeetmay "movin out" key mool nirmaan mein brenda bajaane key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. iss pradarshan key liye unhein ack sangeet mein ack pramukh abhinetri dwara sarvshreshth pradarshan key liye 2003 key tonny puraskar, ack sangeet mein utkrisht abhinetri key liye drama desk puraskar key liye namankit kiya gayaa thaa aur sarvshreshth mahila nartaki key liye 2003 kaa astyre puraskar jeetaa thaa. carrier. parkinson ney kaee baile companiyon key saath pradarshan kiya haye, jisamen joffrey baile aur twyla tharp nritya shamil hain. vaha 1999 mein sangeetmay "phos" mein broadway parr dikhaai deen aur phir "movin out" (2002) mein dikhaai deen. parkinson stephen sondheim aur winton marcelis encore mein dikhaai diyaa! newyork shahar key shahar key kendra mein 13 navambar seey 17 navambar, 2013 taka sangeet karyakram, "ack bistar aur ack kursih ack newyork prem sambandh". vaha apane pati key saath fineline theatre arts kii saha-malik/saha-nideshak hain, joe scott key saath kaam karane vaale saathi kalakar hain; iss jode kaa ack bachcha haye.

elizabeth parkinson elizabeth parkinson obba american rangabhoomi nutty mattu nartaki. aake sangeetamaya "movin out" naa moola nirmaanadalli brenda nudisuvudakke hesaruvasiyagiddare. ee abhinayakkagi avaru 2003rahra sangeetadalli pramukha natiyobbala atyuttama abhinayakkagi toney prashastige, sangeetadalli atyuttama natigaagi nataka mejina prashastige namanirdeshanagondaru mattu 2003rahra atyuttama mahila nartakigaagi austire prashastiyannu geddaru. vrattijeevana. parkinson avaru jofrey byale mattu twila thurp nrutya seridante aneka byale kampanigalondige pradarshana niididdaare. avaru 1999 ralli sangeetamaya "phose" nalli broadvenalli kanisikondaru mattu nantara "movin out" (2002) nalli kanisikondaru. parkinson steffen sondhim mattu weinton marceles enkorgalalli kanisikondaru! newyork nagarada city centernalli november 13 rinda 17 ravarege, "aa bedd und aa cherh aa newyork love afair" emba sangeeta kacheriyannu aayojisalaayitu. aake tanna patiyondige finline rangabhumiya saha-maaleeka/saha-nirdeshaki, scott buddhivanta saha-nutty; dampatige ondu magu ide.

elisabath paarkkinsan oru american steju nadiyum narthakiyumaanu elisabath paarkkinsan. movin outtu" enna samgeethachithrathinte yadhaartha nirmmaanatthil brenda enna kathaapaathrathe avatharippichathiloodeyaanu avar kooduthal ariyappedunnathu. eee prakadanatthinu avar 2003-ll oru samgeethathile oru pramukha nadiyude mikacha prakadanatthinulla tonny awardinum oru samgeethathile mikacha nadikkulla naadaka desk awardinum naamanirddesham cheyyappedukayum 2003-ll mikacha vanita narthakiykkulla aastayar award nedukayum cheythu. currier. joffrey baale, twila thaarp nritham ennivayulppede niravadhi baale kambanikalkkoppam paarkkinsan prakadanam nadathiyittundu. 1999-ll myoosikkal "phoos" enna chithratthilum pinneedu "movin outtu" (2002) enna chithratthilum avar broadwayil prathyakshappettu. steefan sontime, vintan marsalis encorukal ennivayil paarkkinsan prathyakshappettu! newyork nagaratthile sitti sentaril 2013 november 13 muthal 17 vare nadanna "eiii bedd aandu eiii cheyar eiii newyork lavu affair" enna kacheri. avar bharthavinoppam finline thiyettar aartsinte saha udamayum saha directorumaan, scott varggathile saha kalakariyaanu; eee dambathikalkku oru kuttiyund.

elizabeth parkinson elizabeth parkinson hii eka american rangmanch abhinetri aanee nartak aahe. tee 'moving out' yaa sangitmay chitrapatachya mool nirmitimadhye brenda vajavanyasathi prasiddha aahe. yaa sadarikaranasathi teela 2003 madhye sangitatil aaghadichya abhinetrichya sarvotkrusht kamgirisathi toney puraskarasathi, sangitatil utkrusht abhinetrisathi drama desk puraskarasathi namankan midale aanee 2003 madhye sarvotkrusht mahila nartakisathi estyre puraskar jinkla. karkird. parkinsonne joffrey balley aanee twyla tharp nrutyasah anek balley companyansobat sadarikaran kele aahe. 1999 madhye tee broadwaver 'phos' yaa sangitmay chitrapatat aanee nantar 'moving out' (2002) madhye disali. parkinson stephen sondheim aanee winton marcelis encoursemadhye disu lagale! newyork shaharatil ciity center yethe 13 teey 17 november 2013 darmyan, 'aaa bedd andd aaa chearh aaa newyork love affair' hii maifil. tee tichya patisah, scotchya babatit jaankar sahkari kalakar asalelya, finline theater artschee saha-malak/saha-digdarshak aahe; yaa jodpyala eka mool aahe.

elizabeth parkinson elizabeth parkinson ek americi stage abhinetri rar nartaki hun. uni sangitik "mobhin out" ko muel utpadanma brenda bajaunaka lagi parichit chhin. yass pradarshanka lagi unlai sann 2003 maa sangitikma ek pramukh abhinetridwara sarwashreshtha pradarshanko lagi tony puraskar, sangitikma utkrishta abhinetriko lagi drama desk puraskar rar 2003 maa sarwashreshtha mahila nartakiko lagi astyre puraskarka lagi manonit garieko thiyo. currier. parkinsonle jofrey byale rar twyla tharp nrityasahit dherai byale companyharusanga pradarshan gareka chhan. uni sann 1999 maa sangitik "foss" rar tyasapachhi "mobhin out" (2002) maa broadwema dekha parin. parkinson stephen sondheim rar winton marsalis enkorharuma dekha paryo! concert, "ek ochhyan rar ek kursih ek newyork prem sambandha", november 13 dekhi 17,2013 samma city centre, newyork shaharma. uni afna pati, scott waizka sathi kalakarsanga finline theater artsky saha-malik/saha-nirdeshak hun; dampatiko euta bachcha chha.

elizabeth parkinson elizabeth parkinson jane americae mancha abhinetri ebong nrutyashilpi. shay "mubhin 'out" rahr moola prajojanare brenda abhinai paain janashuna . ehi pradarshan paain shay 2003 ray eka myujikalare jane agrani abhinetreenka dwara shrestha pradarshan paain tony puraskara, eka myujikalare utkrusta abhinetri paain drama desk puraskara ebong shrestha mahila nrutyashilpi paain 2003 astajara puraskara jitithile. kyariyara. parkinson aneka byale company sahita pradarshan karichanti, jeunthire jophre byale ebong twyla tharp nrutya antarbhukta . shay 1999 ray musical "phos" ray bradawere ebong taa 'parey "mubhin' out" (2002) ray abhinai karithile. parkinson stephen sondheim ebong winton marcelies encore ray dekhajauthile! nyujarka saharar city sentarare navember 13 ru 17,2013 parjyanta, "eka shajya ebong eka chejarah eka nyujarka prem samparka", concert . shay taanka swameenka saha fineline theatre arter saha-malika/saha-nirdeshaka, scott wise sahakarmee kalakara; ehi dampattinkara gotie santan achhi .

elizabeth parkinson elizabeth parkinson ikk amriki stage abhinetri atey dancer haii. uh sangeet "movin aaoot" dey mool nirman witch brenda khedan laee sabh toon vaddh jaanhi jaandi haii. iss pardarshan laee uss noon sangeet witch ikk pramukh abhinetri duaara sarbottam pardarshan laee 2003 dey tonny puraskar, ikk sangeet witch shandar abhinetri laee drama desk puraskar laee namzad keeta giaa see atey 2003 witch sarbottam mahila dancer laee astair puraskar jittiaa see. carrier. parkinson neey bahut saariaan baile companyan naal pardarshan keeta haii, jiss witch jofrey baile atey twila tharp dance shamal hunn. uh 1999 witch sangeetak "phos" atey firr "movin aaoot" (2002) witch broadway utte dikhai ditti. parkinson stephen sondheim atey winton marsalis encourse witch dikhai ditta! sangeet samaroh, "ikk bistra atey ikk kursia ikk newyork piaar daa mamla", 13 navambar toon 17 navambar, 2013 takk city center, newyork city witch. uh aapne patee, saathi kalakar scott dey naal finaline theatre arts dee sahi-maalak/sahi-nirdeshak haii; iss jode daa ikk baccha haii.

elizaabet parkinson elizaabet parkinson ekaa amerikiya-mancha-abhinetree nartakee cha asti. saa "movin aut" iti sangeetasy moolanirmaanasy brenda-vaadanaartham prasiddha asti. asya pradarshanasy krute saa 2003 tame varshe sangeeta-kshetre pramukha-abhinetridwara sarvashreshta-pradarshanasy toney-puraskaaraay, sangeeta-kshetre utkrushta-abhinetreeroopen drama-desk-puraskaaraay, 2003 tame varshe sarvashreshta-mahilaa-nartakee krute estair-puraskaaraay cha namankita abhavat. vruttihi. parkinson ityayam anekaih byaale-samsthaih saha pradarshanm krutavaan, yathaa joffrey byaale, twella tharp nrutyam cha. saa 1999 tame varshe brad ve ityatra "phos" iti sangeeta-chalachchitre, tatah "movin aut" (2002) ityasmin chalachchitre cha abhyanayt. parkinson ityeshah stephen sondheem tathaa vintan marsalis encor ityasmin abhoot. e baed and e cherh e nyuyaark love afer" iti sangeeta-kaaryakramah, 2013 tamavarshasya navambaramaasasy 13 taha 17 paryantam nyuyaark-nagarasya city-center-nagare abhavat. saa swapatnyaa saha-kalakaraya scott-jnaataa saha-niyoktraa saha-niyoktaa/saha-nirdeshikaa asti; dampatee ekaha baalakah asti.

elisabeth barkinson elisabeth barkinson oru america maedai nadigai mattrum nadanak kalaignar aavaar. moovin awood" endra isaith thayaarippil brenda endra isaip paaththiraththai iyakki avar migavum pirabalamaanavar. inththa nadippirkaaga avar 2003 aam aandu sirantha nadippukkaana donny viruthukku oru isai nadigaiyin sirantha nadippukkaana donny viruthukku parinthuraikkappattaar, oru isai nadigaiyin sirantha nadigaikkaana naadaga maesai viruthukku parinthuraikkappattaar, maelum 2003 aam aandu sirantha penn nadanak kalaignarukkaana astair viruthai ventraar. thozhil. barkinson jofrey paalae mattrum dwyla thaarp nadanam ullitta pala paalae niruvanangaludan nigazhththiyullaar. avar 1999 aam aandil "phos" endra isaip padaththilum, pinnar "moovin awood" (2002) padaththilum thoantrinaar. barkinson steben sontheim mattrum winton marsalis enkoarugalil thoantrinaar! oru padukkai mattrum oru narkali oru newyorg kaathal vivagaaram", navambar 13 muthal 17 varai, 2013, newyorg nagaraththin nagara maiyaththil. avar thanathu kanavarudan fineline naadagak kalaikalin inai urimaiyaalar/inai iyakkunar, saga kalaignar scott vais; inththa thambathiyinarukku oru kuzhandhai ullathu.

elizabeth parkinson elizabeth parkinson oka american rangasthala nati mariyu nartaki. sangeeta "movin avt" yokka asalu nirmaanamloo brenda vaayinchadaaniki aame baga prasiddi chendindi. eee pradarsana kosam aame 2003loe sangeetamlo pramukha nati uttama natanaku toney avaarduku, sangeetamlo atyuttama natigaa drama desk avaarduku nominate cheyabadindi mariyu uttama mahilaa nartakigaa 2003loe austire avaardunu geluchukundi. vrutti. parkinson joffrey ballet mariyu twila thurp dance thoo sahaa aneka ballet companylatho pradarsana icchaaru. aame 1999loe sangeeta "phose" loe broadvelo kanipinchindi, aapai "movin avt" (2002) loe kanipinchindi. parkinson steffen sondhim mariyu weinton marsalis enkorlalo kanipinchindi! newyork nagaramloni city centerlo november 13 nundi 17 varaku, "eah bedd und eah chairh eah newyork love ephire" anae kacheri jarigindi. aame thana bhartatho kalisi finaline theatre arts saha yajamani/saha-darsakuraalu, scott vais thoti nati; eee jantaku oka bidda undhi.

alzabth parkenson alzabth parkenson eek americi stage adakarah aur raqasah haine. wah musical "mowan aaot" kii asl production mein brenda bajanay kay liye mashhur haine. iss karkardgi kay liye inhein musical mein eek sarkardah adakarah kii behtareen karkardgi kay liye 2003 kay tony aiward musical mein shandar adakarah kay liye dramah desk aiward aur behtareen khaatun raqasah kay liye 2003 kaa estair aiward kay liye namzad kiyaa gayaa. carrier. parkenson nay behat see belay companiyon kay saath perform kiyaa hay jinn mein jofri belay aur toila tharaap ddaans shaamil haine. wah 1999 mein musical "fous" mein aur phir "mowan aaot" (2002) mein braad way parr nazar aayen. parkenson stephen sandheem aur winton marcels ancourse mein namodar hoyee! concert "eek bastar aur eek karsi: eek neoyork mohabat kaa muamilah" 13 nomber say 17 nomber 2013 takk shehar kay markaz neoyork shehar mein. wah apnay shohar kay saath fayen line theater arts kii shareek maalik/shareek director haine saathi adakaar scott wize vovo iss joday kaa eek bachah hay.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16639443

Reckless (1995 film)

Reckless (1995 film) Reckless is a 1995 American dark comedy film directed by Norman René. The screenplay by Craig Lucas is based on his 1983 play of the same title. Plot. Relentlessly cheerful and hopelessly optimistic Rachel's seemingly perfect life is upended one Christmas Eve when her husband Tom announces he has taken a contract out on her life but is having second thoughts about his decision to do so. Wearing only a nightgown and slippers, she hastily leaves her Connecticut home in a blizzard to escape the fate he planned for her. She is rescued by Springfield, Massachusetts social worker Lloyd, who brings her home to his deaf, mute, paraplegic wife Pooty. Rachel moves in with the couple and begins working with Lloyd at Hands Across the Sea, a charitable organization dedicated to helping the disabled. Eventually Rachel discovers both Lloyd and Pooty harbor secrets, his about a family he destroyed and abandoned, hers concerning a deception that has guaranteed her a life of ease and comfort. The trio's tranquil existence dissolves the following Christmas, and Rachel and Lloyd find themselves on a cross-country odyssey that takes them through numerous towns named Springfield, dogged by disaster. Lloyd's kindly facade shatters, and Rachel encounters a number of odd characters, including a less-than-helpful therapist and Tim Timko, the host of a television game show. Finally, having lost the power of speech, she finds herself in a homeless shelter run by Sister Margaret, who has her own share of dark secrets. Production notes. The soundtrack includes "I'll Be Home for Christmas" by Bing Crosby, "Silent Night" by Jack Jones, "O Little Town of Bethlehem" by Roger Williams, and "Joy to the World" and "Jingle Bells" by Pat Boone. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 1995. It grossed only $103,351 in the US. Critical reception. In his review in "The New York Times", Stephen Holden called the film "a surreal comic allegory that suggests "Alice in Wonderland" fused with "Candide" into a contemporary antidote to Frank Capra's holiday heartwarmer "It's a Wonderful Life" . . . "Reckless" sustains the darkly zany atmosphere of a grown-up fairy tale far more successfully than "Prelude to a Kiss", the director's earlier screen transposition of a Lucas play. But that doesn't make it easy. Audiences conditioned to expect conventional movie naturalism should be warned that "Reckless" is surreally stylized in its writing and production design and even in some of its acting. Ms. Farrow is so perfectly cast as Rachel that the character seems a distillation of nearly every role she has played since she was a teen-ager in "Peyton Place". With her peaches-and-cream complexion and slightly whiny voice, Ms. Farrow has always epitomized a precocious, overgrown princess whose garrulity inspires protectiveness tinged with irritation. In "Reckless", projecting a mixture of the sweetly forlorn and the intractably childish, she is nothing less than American innocence incarnate demanding to be snapped out of it." Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" said, "It's one of those films where you think it's only a dream, and then when everyone wakes up, it's worse . . . That's not to say the movie doesn't have its qualities; the production design is intriguing, and Farrow knows exactly what she's doing with her innocent naivete." In the "San Francisco Chronicle", Mick LaSalle said the film "is at its best in the beginning, before it discovers its limits and exhausts its bag of tricks . . . Once you realize that "Reckless" intends only to be one joke repeated, it becomes exhausting." Hal Hinson of "The Washington Post" observed, "Lucas articulates his themes with artful lucidity, but the movie is so literate, so written, that its emotional impact seems almost incidental to its design and the elegant play of its symmetries. In the end, the story unfolds, not for any strong dramatic motive, but to maintain the playwright's carefully created sense of balance and proportion. Though Lucas deals with heavyweight issues, his cool, studied approach somehow diminishes them . . . At times, the movie is preposterously, darkly funny, but instead of building momentum as it goes along, it dribbles away. Despite the author's obvious talents and expert craftsmanship, "Reckless" disintegrates into trivia." In the "San Francisco Examiner", Barbara Shulgasser said, "Surprises are great when they retrospectively make sense. Even if you didn't anticipate them on first viewing, when you think back to earlier scenes you can see how the author has prepared for the shocking events. Lucas just drops events into the action like non-sequiturs in conversation." References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

bepora (1995 sonor solositro) rackless hoise norman rener dwara porisalito 1995 sonor ekhon aamerikan dark comedy sobi. craig lukasor sitronatyo teur 1983 sonor eketa xirunamor natokor uporot aadharito. plot. obirotbhabe profullo aaru hotaxajonokbhabe axabadi reselor nikhut jiwan etaa khristomasor purbe unnot hoy jetiya taair swami tome ghuxona kore je teu taair jiwanor uporot sukti korise kintu teur xiddhantor bixoye dwitiyo chinta kori aase. kewol etaa nightgown aaru soppol pindhi, taai teur baabe porikolpona koraa bhagyor poraa haat xariboloi xunkale taair xongzugito ghortu etaa borxunor poraa eri yaay. teuk sparfield, mesasusetsor xomaj kormi loyde uddhar kore, jiye taik teur bodhir, mook, paraplegic potni putir usoroloi ghoroloi aane. resele dompotihalor xoite kaam kore aaru loyedor xoite xagoror uporere kaam koriboloi aarombho kore, ji hoise ek datobyo xongstha ji bikolangoxokolok xohay koriboloi utxorgito. owoxexot resele loyor aaru puti harbor duyutare guponiyota abiskar kore, teu dhongxo koraa aaru porityag koraa etaa poriyalor bixoye teur, taair etaa protaronar bixoye jiye taair xohoj aaru aaramor jiwanor nischoyota dise. ei tiniujonor xanto ostitwoi poroborti khristomasbur bhongo kore, aaru rechel aaru loyde nijoke ek croch-country oh 'diseet paay ji teulukok durjugor dwara kukura puwa springfield naamor oxongkhyo sohoror maajere loi yaay. loyoror doyalu mukhmondol bhangi yaay, aaru resele keibatau odbhut soritror xonmukhin hoy, jaar bhitorot aase ejon komm xohayok therapisto aaru etaa television game swo 'ror xonsalok team timoku. owoxexot, kotha kuwar xokti heruwai taai nijoke bhogni margaretor dwara soluwa ek grihohin aasroyosthanot paay, jaar nijor ondhokar rohosyo aase. utpadonor noot. soundtractut bing krochobir "aai uil bi hoom for christomas", jek jonsor "silent night", ror 'gaar uiliamsor "oh little taaun owo bethlehem", aaru pett bob' nor "joy tu dyo world" aaru "jingle bail" ontorbhukto aase. 1995 sonor septembor maahot torontu antohrastriyo solositro mohutxowot sobikhonor primiyar hoisil. ee aamerikat maatro 103,351 dollar uparjon korisil. xomaluchonamulok aadoroni. dyo nework times" too teur porzaluchonat stephen holdene sobikhonok "ek otirikto haisyorxatmok rupkotha" buli obhihito korisil jiye "olais inn wanderland" koo "kendaid" ror xoite xongzukto kori frank keprar bondhor dinor hridoyor baabe ek xomoxamoyik protirudh hisape "eitu ek bismoyokor jiwan" buli poramorxo diye. . . "beporiya"-e "sumbonor purbe", porisalokor purbor pordar poriworton etaa lukas natokotkoi bohu besi xofolotare etaa dangor-dangor rupkothar ondhokari poriwex bojai raakhe. kintu xeituwe xohoj nohoy. poromporagot solositro prokritibador aaxa koriboloi sortojukto dorxokxokolok xotorko koribo laage je "beporiya" iyar likhon aaru projujonar designot aaru aanoki iyar kisuman obhinoyotu oti bastobikbhabe xoilibodho. em. ess. faar "ror rechel hisape imaan nikhutbhabe nirmito je soritrotu" payton place "too kixur-juboti huwar poraa teu obhinoy koraa pray protitu bhumikar ek paaton zen laage. teur peech-endo-kreem rongor aaru olop birol konthosworor xoite, em. ess.. faruwe xoday egoraki okal, otixoy bikoxito rajkumarik protik korise jaar goruletiye jwola-purar xoite xurokhyar prerona diye. beporiya" ror rupot, mitha oporadhi aaru jotilbhabe xixuwotir mishron prodorxon kori, teu iyar poraa aatori jaboloi daabi koraa aamerikan nirduxi obotarotkoi komm eku nohoy." sikagu chaan-times" ror ror "gaar aberte koichil," eitu xei sobixomuhor bhitorot etaa zo 'too aapuni iyak kewol etaa xopun buli bhaabe, aaru taar pisot jetiya xokoluwe jagrot hoy, ee odhik beyaa hoy. . . iyar ortho eitu nohoy je sobikhonor iyar gunaboli naai; projujonar designtu aakorxoniyo, aaru faar "ee jaane je taai nijor nirduxi nirduxir xoite ki kori aase." chaan franchisoku chronicle" too, mick lasaleye koichil je sobikhon "iyar xeema abiskar korar aagote aarombhonite iyar xorbosrestho owosthat aase aaru iyar kouxolor begtu xex hoi yaay. . . ebaar aapuni upolobdhi korile je "beporiya" ror uddesyo kewol etaa koutuk punorabritti koraa, ee klantikarok hoi pore." dyo waswington post" ror haal hinxone lokhyo korisil je ", lukase teur bixoybostubur kolatmokbhabe spostobhabe byokto korise, kintu sobikhon imaan xikhyito, imaan likha je iyar abegik probhab iyar design aaru iyar xomikoronor marjeet khelor pray aanuxongik zen laage. xexot, kahinitu kunu xoktixali natokiyo uddesyor baabe nohoy, kintu natyokarjone xabodhane sristi koraa bhabodharar bhabodhara aaru onupat bojai rakhiboloi aarombho hoy. jodiu lukase havywaite xomosyar xoite kaam kore, tothapiu teur xitol, odhyoyon koraa dristibhongiye kunumote xeibur hraax kore. . . ketiyaba, sobikhon oporiharzobhabe, ondhokare haisyorxatmok hoy, kintu ee aagbarhi juwar loge loge goti briddhi korar poriworte, ee aatori yaay. lekhokjonor sposto protibha aaru bixexogyo xilpokolar swotweu, "beporiya" xadharon kothakhinir maajot bischinno hoi pore." chaan franchisoku porikhyarthi" too barbara swulgasare koichil, "pisporiwortibhawe orthobudh korile aasorit huwatu oti bhaal. aapuni prothome suwar xomoyot xeibur aaxa nokorileu, jetiya aapuni aagor drishyoburoloi ghuri chinta kore tetiya aapuni saab paare je lekhoke aasorit ghotonaburor baabe kenedore xaju hoise. lukaxe kewol kothupkothonot oh-kromor dore karzot ghotonabur pelai diye."

beproa (1995 saaler cholochchitro) rexless holl 1995 saale muktiprapto ekti american darka comedy cholochchitro, jaa porichalona korechen norman rene. kregg lukaser chitronattoti taanr 1983 saaler ekoi shironamer natoker upor vitti korey toiri. plot. nirols prafulla ebong ashahinbhabe ashabadi racheler apatodrishtite nikhunt jeebon eka chrismuser prakkale urdhomukhi hoy jokhon taar swami tomm ghoshana korey jey seey taar jeeboner upor ekti chukti niyeche kintu taa korar siddhanta somporke taar dwitiya chintabhabna royeche. cable ekti nightgown ebong chappal porey, seey taar jonno porikolpito bhagyo theke banchte druto taar kanektike ekti tusharjhader modhye chhede choley yaay. massachusetser samajkarmi springfield taake uddhar korey, jini taake taar bodhir, nisshobdo, paraplegic stree putir kachhe niye asen. rachelle eyi dampatir sange choley yaay ebong samudrer opare lloyder sange kaaj shuru korey, jaa protibondhider sahajyo korar jonno nibedito ekti datobbo sangostha. abosheshe rechel lloyd ebong puti harbar ubhoyeri rahasya abishkar korey, taar ekti poribar somporke jaa seey dhongso korey felechilo ebong porityokto hoyechilo, taar ekti protarona somporke jaa taake sahaj ebong swachchonder jeeboner nischayata diyeche. eyi troyer shanto astitto poroborti chrismuske venge deyo ebong rachelle ebong lloyd ekti cross-country odisite nijeder khunje paay jaa taader springfield naame asankhya shohorer modhyo diye niye yaay, jaa biporjer dwara kukur. lloyder sadaya mukhmandal venge yaay ebong rachelle besh koyekti adbhuto choritrer mukhomukhi hoy, jaar modhye royeche qama-sahayak therapist ebong team timco, ekti television gema shoyer hosta. abosheshe, kotha bolar khomota hariye feller porr, seey nijeke boone margareta dwara porichalito ekti grihohin ashraye khunje paay, jaar ondhokar rahasyer nijaswa ongsho royeche. utpadon note. soundtracker modhye royeche bing crossbyr "aaee uil bii home phara chrismus", jack jonser "silent night", roser uiliamser "oo little town off bethlehem" ebong pyata buner "joy too dya worled" ebong "jingle bells". 1995 saaler septembore torronto antorjatik cholochchitro utsabe cholochchitrotir premiere hoy. etty markin juktorashtre matro 103,351 markin dollar aay korey. samalochanamulak abhyarthana. dya neu eork times"-ayee taanr porjalochonai, steffen holden cholochchitrotike "ekti porabastob hasyorsattok roopok" boley abhihito korechen jaa "allis inn wanderland"-keey "candide"-err saathe jukto korey franc capra chhutir hridayer jonno ekti somosamoyik protishedhok hisabe "etty ekti durdanto jeebon" boley ullekh korechen. . . "beproa" ekti praptoboyosko rupkathar ondhokar poribeshke "" ekti chumban korar agey "," porichaloker ekti lucas natoker ager screen transpositioner cheye onek beshi safalbhabe bojay rakhe. kintu seta sahaj noy. procholito cholochchitro prokritibader protyasha korar shortojukto dorshokder sotorko koraa uchito jey "beproa" err lekha ebong prajojana naksha ebong emonki err kichhu abhinoyer khettreo porabastobhabe shailibaddha. ms. faroke eto nikhuntvabe rechel hisabe cust koraa hoyeche jey choritroti "petton place"-ayee kishore-kishori howar porr theke taar abhineet pray protiti bhumikar ekti paton boley money hoy. taar peach-anned-crim rongo ebong samanno karkasha kontthe, ms. faroe sarbada ekjon akal, atishaya briddho rajkanyar protik, jaar gargulity jalapoda soho surakkhar anuprerana deyo. beproa", mishti forlorn ebong aprasangikbhabe shishusulov mishraner prostab diye, tini american nirdoshotar abotarer cheye qama kichhu nonn jaa etty theke beriye aasaar daabi korey." shikago shaan-times"-err roser ebert bollen, "etty seii cholochchitrogulir modhye ekti jekhane upney money corren jey etty cable ekti swapno, ebong tarpor jokhon sobai jege othe, tokhon etty arow kharap hoy. . . err ortho eyi noy jey, cholochchitrotir konao guno nei; projojonar nakshati kautuhali, ebong faroe jaane jey seey taar nirdosh sarlata niye thhik qee korche." shaan francisco chronicle"-ayee, mick lasale bolechen jey cholochchitroti "shurute taar sera abosthane royeche, taar agey etty taar seema abishkar korey ebong taar kaushaler bagti shesh korey deyo. . . ekbar upney bujhte parben jey "beproa" shudhumatra ekti rasikatar punorabritti korte chaay, etty klantikar hoye porey." dya washington poosta"-err hull hinsoner motey, "lucas taanr vishayavastugulike shilposommoto swachchotar saathe byakto korechen, tobey cholochchitroti etotai sakkhar, etotai lekha jey err mansik prabhabti err naksha ebong err protisamyer marjit khelar saathe pray anushongik boley money hoy. shesh porjonto, golpoti konao shaktishali natakiya uddeshyer jonno noy, borong natyokarer jotno sahokare toiri bharsamyo ebong anupat bojay rakhar jonno unmochito hoy. jodio lucas havyweight samasya niye kaaj corren, tobuo taanr sheetal, adhyayanrata drishtibhongi konao naa konovabe segulike hrass korey. . . kokhono kokhono, cholochchitroti ajouktik, ondhokar mojar, kintu goti badanor poriborte etty choley yaay. lekhoker susposhto protibha ebong biseshoggo karushilpa sotteo, "beproa" tuchcho vishaygulite bivokto hoye yaay." shaan francisco porikkhok"-ayee barbara shulgasar bollen, "bismoy tokhonyi borh hoy jokhon seguli atiter dick theke orthopurno hoy. upney jodi prothom dekhar somoy taader protyasha naao corren, upney jokhon ager drishyogulite firey zaan tokhon upney dekhte paben jey lekhok kibhabe mormantik ghotonagulir jonno prostuto hoyechen. lucas kothopokothoner aaa-kromiker moto ghotonagulike kaaje feley deyo."

avichari (1995 film) reclace aee aee american darqa komedi film chhe jenu nirdeshan norman rene dwara karvaamaa aavyu chhe. craigg lukasni patkathaa temnaa temnaa aaa jaj shirshaknaa naatak parr aadharit chhe. plooat. aveeratpane khushkhushal aneey nirashajanak reete aashavadi rechelnu sampoorn jeevan aek natalni purvasandhyaae uppend thaay chhe jyaare tenaa patee tooma jaaherat karey chhe keey tene tenaa jeevan parr karaar karyo chhe parantu aama karvaanaa tenaa nirnay vishe beeja vichaaro dharaave chhe. maatra aek nitegon aneey champal pahereene, teey tenaa maate tene jeey aayojan karyoo hatoo tenaathi bachvaa maate teey zadapthi tenaa connecticutne barafvarshaamaa ghare chhodi deey chhe. teneene springfield, mesatusatesna saamaajik kaarykar lloyd dwara bachaavi levaamaa aave chhe, jeey teneene tenaa bahera, mook, paraplegic patnee pooty paase ghare laave chhe. ratchell dampati saathe jodaay chhe aneey samudrani paar lloyd saathe kaama karvaanu sharoo karey chhe, jeey vikalaangone madad karvaa maate samarpeet aek sakhaavati sanstha chhe. aakhare ratchell lloyd aneey pooty bandar bannena rahasyo shodhe chhe, tenaa parivaar vishe tene naash karyo aneey tyajee deedho, teneena aek chhetarpindithi sambandhit jene teneene saraltaa aneey aaramna jeevanni banydhari aapee chhe. traneynu shaant astitva aagaami natalne ogadee jaay chhe, aneey ratchell aneey lloyd potaane cross-country odisi parr shodhe chhe jeey temne aapttithi gheraayela springfield naamnaa asankhya nagaromathi pasaar karey chhe. lloidno dayaalu chahero tutee jaay chhe, aneey ratchellne sankhyaabandh vichitra patrono saamno karvo padey chhe, jemaa aek ochha-sahayak chikitsak aneey television game shonaa yajmaan timakono samaavesh thaay chhe. aakhare, vaanini shaktee gumaavyaa pachhi, tenee potaani jaatne bahen margareta dwara chalavvama aavtaa beghar aashraysthanma shodhe chhe, jenee paase tenaa potaana shyaam rahasyo chhe. utpaadan nondho. soundtrackma bing crossby dwara "aaee will bii hooma phora chrismus", jeeka johns dwara "silent night", rojar williams dwara "oo little taaun off bethlehem" aneey payt boone dwara "joy too dhaa worled" aneey "jingle bails" noow samaavesh thaay chhe. september september torrento aantarrashtriy film mahotsavma aaa filmnun premiere thayu hatoo. tene yuu. aesa. maan maatra 103,351 dollarni kamaani curry hatee. vivechanaatmak swaagat. dhaa newyork times" maan temnee samikshaamaa, stephen holdne aaa filmne "aek ativastavvadi haasy roopak" ganaavi hatee jeey soochave chhe keey "ellis ina wonderland" "saathe" candide "neey frank caprana holiday hartwarer" "teey aek adbhut jeevan chhe". . . "avichari" "pukht parikathaanaa shyaam vatavaranne" "chumbanni rajuaat" karataa vadhu safaltapurvak jaalvi raakhe chhe, jeey digdarshaknaa lucas natakna agaauna screen transposition chhe ". parantu teey tene saral banaavtu nathee. paramparagat film prakrutivaadni apeksha raakhvaa maate sharatee prekshakone chetvani aapvi joiae keey "avichari" tenaa lekhan aneey nirmaan designma aneey tenaa ketlaak abhinayma pann ativastavvadi shailima chhe. ms. faarone ratchell tareeke aetali sampoorn reete cast karvaamaa aave chhe keey paatra "payton places" maan kishorvayni hatee tyaarthi teneeae bhajveli lagbhag darek bhoomikaanu aasavan laage chhe. tenaa pitch-anned-cream rung aneey sahej ghonghatia avaaj saathe, ms. faaroae hammesha aek akaal, ateeshay vikaseet rajkumarinu prateek chhe, jenee grays baltaraa saathe rakshanatmaktane prernaa aape chhe. avichari" maan, meethee reete binparamparagat aneey avyavasthit reete balishnu mishran rajoo kareene, teey american nirdosh avtaarthi ochhi nathee jeey temathi bahaar nikalvani maang karey chhe." shikago sunn-times" naa rojar ebert kahe chhe, "teey teey filmomaanee aek chhe jyaan tamane laage chhe keey teey maatra aek swapna chhe, aneey pachhi jyaare darek vyaktee jaagi jaay chhe, tyaare teey vadhu kharaab thaay chhe. . . teno arth aee nathee keey filmmaan tenaa guno nathee; production design rasprad chhe, aneey farro jaane chhe keey teey tenaa nirdosh nishkpat saathe shun curry rahee chhe." seena francisco chronicle" maan, miqa lasale kahyoo hatoo keey film "sharuaatmaa tenee shreshth sthitima chhe, teey pahelaa teey tenee maryadao shodhe chhe aneey tenee yuktioni theleene samaapt karey chhe. . . aekvaar tamane khyaal aave keey "avichari" maatra aek majaak punraavartit karvaano irado dharaave chhe, teey thaakdaayak bunny jaay chhe." dhaa washington poosta" naa hail hinsane avalokan karyoo hatoo keey, "lucas temnaa vishhayone kalaatmak spashtata saathe vyakt karey chhe, parantu film aetali sakshar chhe, aetali lakhaayeli chhe keey tenee bhavnatmak assar tenee design aneey tenee sampramantana bhavya ramatne lagbhag aakasmik laage chhe. ante, vaarta koee majboot naatkeey hetu maate nahee, parantu natyakarni kaljipurvak banaavelee santulan aneey pramanni bhaavnaa jalava maate pragat thaay chhe. joke lucas bhaare vajanaa muddaao saathe vyavhaar karey chhe, tema chhataa teno shaant, abhyaas karelo abhigam temne koik reete ghataade chhe. . . ketalikvaar, film aviveki, ghaata ramooji hoya chhe, parantu jaim jaim teey aagad vadhe chhe tema tema gatee vadhaarvaane badale, teey door thaee jaay chhe. lekhaknee spasht pratibha aneey nishnaat karigari hovaa chhataa, "avichari" tuchchh babatoma vikherai jaay chhe." saana francisco parikshak" maan, barbara shulgassare kahyoo hatoo keey, "jyaare teo bhutkaalmaa arthpurn baney chhe tyaare aashchary mahaan hoya chhe. jooe tame temne pratham vakhat jotaa pahelaa apeksha naa raakhi hoya too pann, jyaare tame agaauna drashyo parr paachha vichaaro chho tyaare tame joee shako chho keey lekhake aaghatjanak ghatanao maate kevee reete taiyari curry chhe. lucas maatra vaatchitma biin-anugaameeoni jaim ghatanaaone kriyaamaa mooke chhe."

laparwah (1995 film) rackless 1995 kii ack americi dark comedy film haye jiska nirdeshan norman rene ney kiya haye. kregg lucas kii patkatha unake 1983 key isi sheershak key naatak parr adharit haye. plot. lagaatar prafullit aur nirashajanak roop seey ashawadi rachelle kaa jeevan ack chrismus kii poorv sandhya parr samaapt hoe jaataa haye jaba usake pati tomm ghoshana karate hain kii unhone usake jeevan parr ack anubandh liya haye, lekin aisaa karane key apane nirnay key baare mein dusare vichaar curr rahey hain. kewal ack nightgon aur chappal pahane, vaha jaldbaji mein apane connecticut ghar koo ack barfeele toofaan mein chhod detee haye taaki vaha usake liye yojana banaai gaee kismat seey butch sakey. usey springfield, massachusets key samajik karyakarta lloyd dwara bachaaya jaataa haye, joe usey apane badhir, mook, paraplegic patni pooty key ghar laataa haye. rachelle dampati key saath ander jaataa haye aur samudra key paar lloyd key saath kaam karna shuru curr detaa haye, joe viklangon kii madad key liye samarpit ack dharmarth sangathan haye. antatah rachelle koo lloyd aur pooty harber donon key rahasyon kaa pataa chalata haye, ack parivaar key baare mein joe usane nasht curr diyaa aur chhod diyaa, usake baare mein ack dhokhe key baare mein jisane usey aasaani aur aaraam key jeevan kii guaranti dee haye. inn teenon kaa shaant astitva agale chrismus koo bhang curr detaa haye, aur rachelle aur lloyd khud koo ack cross-country odisi parr paate hain joe unhein springfield naamak kaee shaharon seey gujarta haye, joe aapada seey grast hain. lloyd kaa dayalu mukhauta toot jaataa haye, aur rachelle kaee visham paatron kaa saamana kartaa haye, jisamen ack cumm-sahayak chikitsak aur ack television game show key mezban timco shamil hain. anta mein, bolane kii shakti khone key baad, vaha khud koo bahan margaret dwara sanchaalit ack beghar aashray mein paati haye, jisake paas apane swayam key kaale rahasya hain. utpaadan nott. soundtrack mein bing crossby dwara "aaee will bee home forr chrismus", jack johns dwara "silent night", roser williams dwara "oh little town off bethelham" aur pait boone dwara "joy too dha worled" aur "jingle bails" shamil hain. film kaa premiere sitambar 1995 mein torrento antarrashtriya film samaroh mein huaa. isane america mein kewal 103,351 dollar kii kamai kii. aalochanatmak swaagat. dha newyork times" mein apani sameeksha mein, stephen holden ney film koo "ack vaastavik haasya roopak" kahaa joe sujhaav detaa haye kii "alis inn wonderland" koo "candide" key saath ack samkaaleen pratikaar mein frank capra key avkash key dill key liye "yeh ack adbhut jeevan haye". . . "laparwah" ack vayask purry kathaa key gahare ajib mahaul koo "ack chumban kii shuruat" kii tulanaa mein kaheen adhik safaltapurvak banaae rakhta haye, nirdeshak key pahale key lucas naatak key screen sthanantaran. lekin yeh aasaan naheen haye. paaramparik film prakritivaad kii ummeed karane key liye shart vaale darshakon koo chetavani dee jaani chaahiye kii "laparwah" apane lekhan aur nirmaan design mein aur yahaan taka kii isake kuchh abhinay mein bhee vaastavik roop seey shailibaddh haye. ms. faaro koo rachelle key roop mein itani poori tarah seey cast kiya gayaa haye kii charitra lagbhag harr bhoomika kaa aasavan lagata haye joe usane "petton place" mein ack kishore-aijar honey key baad seey nibhai haye. usake aadoo aur cream key rung aur thodi see karkash aavaaz key saath, ms. faaro ney hamesha ack purvagaami, atee-vikasit rajkumari kaa prateek haye, jisaki grace jalan key saath sanrakshan koo prerit karati haye. laparwah" mein, madhur roop seey aprachalit aur jatil roop seey bachkaanaa key mishran koo pesh karate hue, vaha americi masoom avtaar seey cumm kuchh naheen haye joe isase baahar nikalane kii maang curr rahee haye." shikago sunn-times" key roser abert ney kahaa, "yeh una filmon mein seey ack haye jahan aapako lagata haye kii yeh kewal ack sapana haye, aur phir jaba harr koee jaagata haye, tou yeh badatar hoe jaati haye. . . iska matlab yeh naheen haye kii film mein isake guna naheen hain; production design dilchasp haye, aur farro koo pataa haye kii vaha apane nirdosh nadan key saath kyaa curr rahee haye." saine francisco chronicle" mein, mick lasale ney kahaa kii film "shuruat mein apane sarvshreshth pradarshan mein haye, isase pahale kii vaha apani seemaon kaa pataa lagaae aur apani chaalon koo samaapt curr dey. . . ack baar jaba aap mahsoos karate hain kii "laparwah" kewal ack majaak doharaane kaa irada rakhta haye, tou yeh thakaa dene vaalaa hoe jaataa haye." dha washington post" key haal hinson ney dekhaa, "lucas apane vishayon koo kalaatmak spashtata key saath vyakt kartaa haye, lekin film itani sakshar haye, itani likhi gaee haye, kii iska bhaavnaatmak prabhaav isake design aur isaki samroopata key suruchipurna khel key liye lagbhag aakasmik lagata haye. anta mein, kahani kissy bhee majboot naatakiya uddeshya key liye naheen, balki natakkar dwara saavdhaanipoorvak banaae gaye santulan aur anupaat kii bhavna koo banaae rakhane key liye saamane aatee haye. halanki lucas bhaari vajan key muddon seey nipatata haye, lekin uska shaant, adhyayan drishtikon kissy tarah unhein cumm curr detaa haye. . . kabhi-kabhi, film betuki, gahare majakia hoti haye, lekin jaise-jaise yeh chalati haye, yeh gati badhaane key bajaay, yeh door hoe jaati haye. lekhak kii spasht pratibha aur visheshagya shilp kaushal key bavjood, "laparwah" samanya baaton mein vighatit hoe jaataa haye." saine francisco pareekshak" mein, barbara shulagsar ney kahaa, "ashcharya taba mahaan hotey hain jaba way purvavyaapi roop seey samajh mein aatey hain. bhale hii aapane pahale dekhane parr unakaa anuman naheen lagaaya hoe, jaba aap pahale key drishyon parr vaapas sochate hain tou aap dekh sakate hain kii lekhak ney chaunkaane vaali ghatnaaon key liye kaise taiyari kii haye. lucas buss baatchit mein gair-anukramik kii tarah ghatnaaon koo kaarravaai mein daal detaa haye."

lekkavilladashtu (1995rahra chalanachitra) norman rene nirdeshanada 1995rahra american dark kamidi chitra 'recless'. kraigg lucas avara chitrakatheyu adhe shirshikeya 1983rahra naatakavannu aadhariside. kathaavastuvu. tanna pathi tomm tanna jeevanada mele oppandavannu tegedukondiddaane endu ghoshisidaga, aadare haage maaduva tanna nirdhaarada bagge eradane aalochanegalannu hondiddaane endu ghoshisidaga, rachelna avirata harshachittadinda mattu hataasheyinda aashaavaadada paripurna jeevanavu ondu chrismus munnaadinadandu badalaaguttade. kevala nightgowne mattu chappaligalannu dharisi, avanu tanagaagi yojisida adrushtadinda tappisikollalu avalu begane tanna connecticut annu himada birugaaliyalli bittubiduttaale. aakeyannu springfield, mastusets samajika kaaryakarta lloyd rakshisuttaane, aata tanna kiwuda, mooka, paarshvavaayuvige olagaada hendati putiya bully avalannu manege taruttaane. rachel dampatigalondige seruttaane mattu angavikalarige sahaaya maadalu misalaagiruva datti samstheyaada samudradaadyanta laaydnondige kelasa maadalu prarambhisuttane. antimavagi rachel, lloyd mattu pooty harber eradara rahasyagalannoo kandukolluttaane, avanu naashapadisida mattu tyajisida kutumbada bagge, avala sulabha mattu aaraamada jivanavannu khataripadisida vanchaneya bagge. ee moovara shaantavaada astitvavu mundina chrismus annu karagisuttade, mattu rachel mattu lloyd avaru cross-kantri odissiyalli tammannu kandukolluttaare, adhu avarannu springfield emba halavaaru pattangala moolaka karedoyyuttade, idu durantadinda naayiyaagide. lloydna daye toruva mukhabhaagavu chidragolluttade, mattu rachel halavaaru vichitra patragalannu edurisuttade, idaralli kadime-sahayaka chikitsaka mattu duradarshana aatada kaaryakramada niroopaka timco seriddaare. antimavagi, maatina shaktiyannu kaledukonda nantara, avalu tannade aada kattaleya rahasyagalannu hondiruva sahodari margarate nadesuttiruva niraashritara ashrayadalli tannannu kandukolluttaale. utpadana tippanigalu. soundtracknalli bing crossby avara "aii will bii home phaar chrismus", jack johns avara "silent nait", roser villiams avara "oo little town off bethlehem" mattu pyaat boone avara "joy tuu dhii worled" mattu "jingal bells" serive. ee chalanachitravu 1995rahra septembernalli toronto antaaraashtriya chalanachitrotsavadalli prathama pradarshanagonditu. idu americadalli kevala $103,351 galisitu. vimarshaatmaka svaagata. dhii newyork times" nalli tanna vimarsheyalli, stephen holden ee chalanachitravannu "" ondu ativaastavika haasya rupaka "endu karedaru, idu" "alis inn wonderland" annu "candidnondige" fraank kaprara holiday hartwormerge samakaalina aushadhiyaagi samyojiside "" idu adbhuta jeevana ". . . "ajaagarookateyu" "doddavaraada kaalpanika katheya gaadhavaada vichitra vatavaranavannu" "chumbanakke munnudi" ginta hecchu yashasviyagi ulisikolluttade, idu nirdesakara hindina paradeya lucas naatakada vargaavane. aadare adhu sulabhavalla. saampradaayika chalanachitra naisargikateyannu nirikshisalu sharattubaddhavagiruva prekshakaru "ajagarooka" adara baravanige mattu nirmaana vinyaasadalli mattu adara kelavu natanegalalli saha sarriyalaagi shailikrutavagide endu echcharisabeku. emm. ess. faroe eshtu paripoornavaagi rachel patravagi natisideyendare, "peaton plays" nalli hadihareyadavalaagiddaagininda aake nirvahisida pratiyondu patrada asavanadante ee patravu toruttade. avala peach-und-cream maibanna mattu swalpa huchchutanada dhwaniyondige, ms. faroe yavagalu akalika, atiyaada beleda rajakumariyannu pratibimbisuttade, avara guarality kirikiriyinda koodida rakshanaatmakateyannu prerepisuttade. ajaagarookateyinda", sihiyaada ashleela mattu aprastutavagi balisha mishranavannu pradarshisutta, avalu adarinda horabaralu ottaayisuva american mugdha avataarakkinta kadimeyilla." chikago sunn-times" naa roser ebert, "idu kevala ondu kanasu endu neevu bhavisuva chalanachitragalalli ondaagide, mattu nantara ellaroo echcharavaadaaga, adhu kettadaagide. . . idarartha chalanachitravu adara gunagalannu hondilla endalla; nirmaana vinyaasavu kutuhalakaariyaagide, mattu tanna mugdha nishkapatateyondige avalu enu maaduttiddaalendu faaroge nikharavaagi tilidide." syaan francisco chronicle" nalli, mick lasalle chalanachitravu "tanna mitigalannu kandukolluva modalu mattu tanna tantragala chilavannu horahaakuva modalu, aarambhadalli atyuttamavagide" endu helidaru. . . ajagarooka" kevala ondu haasyavannu punaraavartisalu bayasuttade endu neevu omme aritukondare, adhu danidantaguttade." dhii washington post" naa haal hinson gamanisidante, "lucas tanna vishayagalannu kalaatmakavaada spashtateyondige vyaktapadisuttaane, aadare chalanachitravu eshtu saaksharavaagide, eshtu bareyalpattide endare, adara bhavanatmaka prabhaavavu adara vinyasa mattu adara sammitigala sogasaada aatakke bahuteka prasangikavagi toruttade. koneyalli, katheyu yaavude balavaada natakiya uddeshakkagi alla, aadare naatakakaaranu echcharikeyinda rachisida samatolana mattu anupaatada pragneyannu kapadikollalu teredukolluttade. leucas heavywaite samasyegalondige vyavaharisuttiddaroo, avana coole, adhyayanada vidhaanavu hegaadaroo avugalannu kadime maaduttade. . . kelavomme, chalanachitravu asambaddhavaagi, gaadhavaagi tamaasheyaagiruttade, aadare adhu saguttiruvaga vegavannu hechchisuva badalu, adhu doora hoguttade. lekhakara spashta pratibhe mattu parinita karakushalateya horataagiyoo, "ajagarooka" vu saamaanya vishayagalalli vibhajaneyaguttade." syaan francisco examiner" nalli, barbara shulgasser helidaru, "hindina drashtikonadinda arthavannu niididaaga aashcharyagalu doddadagiruttave. neevu modalu avugalannu nodidaga nirikshisadiddaroo saha, hindina drashyagalige hintirugi yochisidaga lekhakaru aghatakari ghatanegalige hege siddharagiddare embudannu neevu nodabahudu. sambhashaneyalli anukramavalladantaha ghatanegalannu leucas kevala kriyege ilisuttaane."

ashradha (1995-leeii chalachithram) norman rene samvidaanam cheytha 1995-leeii oru american dark komadi chithramaanu ruxless. 1983ll ithe peril purathirangiya addehathinte naadakatthe adisthaanamaakkiyaanu craig lucas thirakkatha orukkiyirikkunnath. plott. oru chrismus raavil thante jeevithathil oru karar eduthathaayi bharthaav toom prakhyapikkukayum ennaal angane cheyyaanulla thante theerumaanathekkurichu randaamathaayi chinthikkukayum cheyyumbol, asraanthamaaya santhoshavum pratheekshayillaatha shubhaapthivishwaasavumulla raachalinte jeevitam uyarnnuvarunnu. oru naittgaunum cheruppum maathram dharichu, avan thanikkayi aasoothranam cheytha vidhiyil ninnu rakshappedaan aval thidukkathil oru manjuveezhchayil connectikkattile veettil ninnu pookunnu. masaachyusets saamoohika pravarthakanaaya lloyd springfield avale rakshikkunnu, avan avale badhira mookayum pakshaaghaatha baadhithayumaaya bhaarya poottiyude veettilekku konduvarunnu. rachell dambathikalkkoppam akathekku neengukayum vikalangare sahayikkunnathinaayi samarppichirikkunna oru jeevakaarunya samghadanayaaya lloydinoppam kadalinu kuruke pravartthikkaan thudangukayum cheiyunnu. oduvil lloyd, pootti harber rahasyangal rashell kandethunnu, avan nasippikkukayum upekshikkukayum cheytha oru kudumbathekkurichulla rahasyangal, avalkk eluppavum aashvaasavum nalkunna oru vanjanayekkurichulla rahasyangal. moonninteyum shaanthamaaya nilanilpp adutha chrismasine illaathaakkunnu, rachal lloyd oru cross-kantri odeesiyil svayam kandethunnu, athu avare duranthathaal vettayaadappetta springfield enna perilulla niravadhi pattanangaliloode kondupookunnu. loyidinte dayayullah mukham thakarukayum sahaayikkaatha theraappistum oru television geyim shoyude avatharakanaaya timm timco ulppede niravadhi vichithra kathaapaathrangale rachal abhimukeekarikkukayum cheiyunnu. oduvil, samsarashakthi nashtappetta aval, irunda rahasyangalude swantham vihitamullah sahodari maargarat nadathunna bhavanarahithamaya oru abhayakendrathil svayam kandethunnu. nirmmaana kurippukal. bing crossbyude "aii will bii hoome phoor chrismus", jacq jonsinte "sailant naitt", rogger vilyamsinte "ooo littil taunn oof bethlahem", paatt booninte "joy tuu dhaa waled", "jinkle bells" enniva sountraakkil ulppedunnu. 1995 septambaril torrento anthaaraashtra chalachithrothsavathil pradharshippicha eee chithram amerikkayil 103,351 dollar maathramaan nediyathu. vimarsanaathmakamaaya sweekaranam. dhii newyork times" enna thante avalokanathil steefan holden eee chithrathe "" frank kaaprayude avadhikkala hridayasparshiyaaya "" ithu oru athbhuthakaramaaya jeevithamaan "ennathinu samakaalika marumarunnaan" candidemaayi "samyojippicha" alis inn wunderland "ennu soochippikkunna oru sarriyalal comic upamayennu visheshippichu". . . "" "oru chumbanathinu munkootty" ennathinekkaal valare vijayakaramaayi "" ashradha "" oru muthirnna yakshikkadhayude irunda vichitramaaya anthareeksham nilanirthunnu, samvidaayakan oru lucas naadakatthinte muun screen transposition ". ennaal athu eluppamalla. parambaraagatha chalachithra prakrithivaadam pratheekshikkan vyavastha cheytha prekshakarkku "ashradha" athinte rachanayilum nirmmaana roopakalppanayilum chila abhinayathilum polum sarriyalaayi stylise cheythittundennu munnariyipp nalkanam. emm. ezz. rechalaayi faroe thikachum avatharippikkunnath "peydan placeil" kaumaarapraayatthil ninnu avar avatharippicha mikkavarum ellah veshangaludeyum vaattiyeduthathaayi thonnunnu. avalude peechukalum kreemukalum niranja niravum cheruthaayi viraykkunna shabdavum, emm. ezz. phaaro ellaayppozhum oru akaalavum valarnnuvarunnathumaya rajakumari prathifalippichittundu, addehathinte garulity prakopippikkunna samrakshanathe prachodippikkunnu. ashradha" ennathil, maduramullathum aprasakthavumaaya baalisarude oru misritham avatharippikkunna avar athil ninnu purathukadakkaan aavashyappedunna american niraparaadhithva avathaarathil kurayunnilla." chikkago sann-timesy" nte rogger ebert paranju, "ithu oru swapnam maathramaanennu ningal karuthunna sinimakalil onnaanith, pinne ellaavarum unarumbol athu kooduthal moshamakum. . . athinartham sinimaykku athinte gunangalillenn mathramalla; nirmmaana roopakalppana kauthukakaramaanu, koodaathe thante nishkalankayaaya nishkalankathaye aval enthaanu cheiyunnathennu farroic krithyamaayi ariyaam." saan francisco chronicle", mick lasale paranju, "athinte paridhikal kandethunnathinum thanthrangalude bagg theerkkunnathinum munbu chithram thudakkathil ettavum mikacha nilayilaanu. . . ashradha" oru thamasha maathram aavarthikkaan uddeshikkunnuvennu ningal manassilakkiyaal, athu sheenithamaakum." dhii washington poost" enna kruthiyile haal hinson nireekshichathupole, "lucas thante prameyangale kalaparamaaya spashtathayode avatharippikkunnu, pakshe sinima valare saaksharathayullathum ezhuthappettathumaanu, athinte vaikaarika swaadheenam athinte roopakalppanaykkum athinte samamithikalude gambheeramaaya kalikkum eathaandu aakasmikamaayi thonnunnu. oduvil, katha vikasikkunnath sakthamaaya naadakeeyamaaya uddeshyathinalla, marichu naadakakrithude shradhaapoorvvam srishticha santhulithaavasthayum anupaathavum nilanirthaanaanu. lucas bharameriya prasnangal kaikaaryam cheiyunnundenkilum, addehathinte shaanthavum padichathumaaya sameepanam enganeyo avaye kuraykkunnu. . . chila samayangalil, sinima asambandhavum irunda thamaashayumaan, pakshe athu munnott pookumbool aakkam koottunnathinupakaram athu vazhuthippokunnu. rachayithaavinte prakadamaaya kazhivukalum vidagdha karakaushala vaidagdhyavum undaayirunnittum, "ashradha" ennathu nissaarakaaryangalaayi vighadikkunnu." saan francisco examineril", barbera shulgazar paranju, "munkaala praabalyathode ardhavathaayaal athbhuthangal valare valuthaanu. aadya kaazhchayil thanne ningal avaa pratheekshichirunnillenum, muun ramgangalilekku thirinjunokkumbol njettikkunna sambhavangalekkurichu rachayithaav engane thayyaaredutthuvennu ningalkk kaanaan kazhiyum. sambhaashanathile noonn-seekvistarukaleppole lucas sambhavangal pravarthanatthilekku idunnu."

beparvai (1995 chitrapat) rackless' haah 1995 saalee pradarshit jhalela norman rene digdarshit kelela american darqa comedy chitrapat aahe. kregg lukaschi patkatha tyach navachya tyachya 1983 chya natkavar aadharit aahe. plot. khrisamasachya purvasandhyela jevha ticha patee tomm jaheer karato qee tyane tichya aayushyacha karar keela aahe parantu asey karnyachya tyachya nirnayabaddal dusra vichar karat aahe, tevha rashelche nirnirale anandi aanee nirash aashavadi jeevan ulgadate. keval eka nitegon aanee chappal ghaloon, tyane tichyasathi tharavalelya nashibapasun vachanyasathi tee ghaighaine tichya kanektikatchya gharatoon barfachya vadalat nighun jaate. springfield, massatusets samajik karyakarte lloyd, teela vachavato, joou teela tyachya bahire, mook, ardhangvayu asalelya patnichya putikade gharee aanato. rashell yaa jodpyabarobar aat jaato aanee samudrapar lloidsobat kaam karnyas suruvat karato, hii apanganna madat karnyasathi samarpit eka dharmaday sanstha aahe. akheris rashella lloyd aanee pooty harber yaa donhi rahasyancha shodh lagato, jyaa tyane nasht kelelya aanee sodoon dilelya kutumbabaddalachya tyachya, tichya eka fasavanukibaddalachya, jyane teela sahaj aanee aaramdayi jivanachi hummy dilee aahe. yaa tighache shant astitva pudhil khrisamasala visarjit karate aanee rashell aanee lloyd heey swatahla eka cross-country odisivar shodhatat, jeey tyanna springfield navachya anek shaharanmadhun gheuun jaate, jeey aapattine grassley aahe. lloydcha dayalu chehara tutato aanee rashella anek vichitra patrancha samna karava lagato, jyat eka qamee-upayukt chikitsak aanee television game shoche sutrasanchalak team timco yancha samavesh aahe. shevati, bolanyachi shakti gamavalyanantar, tee swatahla baheen margaretdware chalavalya jaananya beghar nivaaryaat sapadate, jichyakade tichya swatachya gadad rahasyancha vaataa aahe. utpadan notes. yaa dhvanimudrikemadhye bing crossbyche 'aay will bii hoome phaur khrismas', jacq johnsche 'silent nite', rogger vilyamsache 'oo little tauun auph bethelheim' aanee patt boonche 'joy too daad world' aanee 'jingle bails' yancha samavesh aahe. september 1995 madhye toronto aantarrashtriy chitrapat mahotsavat yaa chitrapatacha pratham pradarshan jhaala. americet tyane keval $103,351 chee kamai kelee. samikshatmak swagat. daad newyork times' madheel tyachya punaravalokanat, stephen holden yanni yaa chitrapatala 'eka avastav vinodi roopak' mhatale aahe, jeey soochit karate qee 'ellis inn wonderland' heey 'candide' saha ektrit houn phrank caprachya suttichya hrudayasparshi 'heey eka adbhut jeevan aahe' yaa samkalin aushadhache pratik aahe. . . "luka' yaa digdarshakachya aadhichya padadyavaril natkachya rupantarat 'chumbanasathi prastavna' karnyapeksha 'beparvai' eka praudh parikatheche gadad vichitra vatavaran adhik yashasviritya tikavoon thevate. pann tyamule heey sope hott nahee. paramparik chitrapat nisargvadachi apeksha thevanyachya ativar asalelya prekshakanna ishara deela pahije qee 'beparvai' tyachya lekhan aanee nirmiti rachnet aanee agadi tyachya kahee abhinayatahi agadi vilakshan shailit aahe. emm. ess. farrola rashell mhanoon itake uttam prakare chitrit kele gele aahe qee tee "pyton places" madheel kishoravayin asalyapasun tine sakarlelya jawaljawal pratyek bhoomikeche heey patra eka aasavan disate. tichya peach aanee cream rung aanee kinchit karkash aavajasah, ms. farrow nehmich eka akal, atiutpanna rajkumariche prateek aahe, jichi parakrameepana chidchidyukt sanrakshanatmakatela prerana dete. beparvai' madhye, god aanee aprasangik balpanatil mishranacha parichay karoon detana, tee tyatoon baher padanyachi magani karananya american nirdosh avtarapeksha qamee nahee." shikago sunn-times' chey roser ebert mhanale, 'haah tyaa chitrapatanpaiki eka aahe jithe tumhala vatate qee heey fakt eka swapna aahe aanee nantar jevha pratyekjan jaage hoto, tevha teey aanakhi white hote. . . yacha arth assa nahee qee chitrapatat tyache guna naheet; nirmitichi rachana rochak aahe aanee farrola tichya nirdosh bholya svabhavache nemke kaay karat aahe heey mahit aahe." sann francisco chroniclemadhye, mike lasale mhanale qee chitrapat "tyachya maryada shodhanyapurvi aanee tyachya yuktya sampanyapurvi, suruvatila sarvottam sthiteet aahe. . . ekada tumhala samajale qee 'beparvai' chaa hetu fakt eka vinodala punha punha sangane haah aahe, tarr too thakavanara hoto." daad washington poost' chya hall hinsonne nirikshan kele qee, 'lucas tyachya sankalpana kalatmakpane spasht karato, parantu chitrapat itka sakshar aahe, itka lihilela aahe qee tyacha bhavnik prabhav tyachya rachneshi aanee tyachya samamitichya mohak khelala jawaljawal prasangik disato. shevati, katha konatyahi majboot natyamay hetusathi navhe, tarr natakkarane kaljipurvak nirman keleli santulan aanee praman yanchi bhavna rakhanyasathi pudhe yete. lucas jaree vajan vadhavanyachya samasyanshi nigadit asala, taree tyacha shant, abhyasalela drushtikon tyanna kahee pramanat qamee karato. . . kahee vela, chitrapat murkhpanacha, gadad majedar asato, parantu jasjasa too pudhe jaato tasatasa veg vadhavanyaivaji too door jaato. lekhakachi spasht pratibha aanee kushal hastakala asoonahi, "beparvai" kshullak goshtinmadhye vighatit hote." sann francisco parikshak" madhye, barbara schulgasser mhanale, "aashcharyakarak goshti khoop changlya asatat jevha tyaa mage valoon arthbodh karatat. jaree tumhi tyanna pahilyanda pahilyavar apekshit kele nasale taree, jevha tumhi aadhichya drushyancha vichar karata tevha lekhakane yaa dhakkadayak ghatanansathi kashee tayari kelee aahe heey tumhala disel. leukas fakt sambhashanatil naun-sequatorpramane ghatananna krutimadhye takto."

laparwah (1995 chalchitra) rexless norman renedwara nirdeshit sann 1995 ko americi dark kamedi chalchitra how. kregg lukasko patakatha unko sann 1983 ko sohi shirshakko natakma adharit chha. plut. nirantar prafullit rar nirashajanak rupma ashawadi rachelko purna jiwan ek krisamasko purwasandhyama mathi uthcha jab unka pati tamale ghoshana garchhan kii unle unko jiwanma samjhauta lieka chhan tara tyaso garne afno nirnayako barema dosro vichar gariraheka chhan. kewal nightgun rar chappal lagaera, unle afna lagi yojana banaeko bhagyabata bachna uni hatarma barfila aandhima afno connecticut ghar chhodchhin. unlai springfield, massachusetska samajik karyakarta loyadle bachaunchhan, jasle unlai afno bahira, mook, paraplegic patni putisanga ghar lyaunchhan. rachel dampatisanga bhitra paschhan rar samudra parr gardai loyadsanga kaam garna thalchhan, yo apangata bhaeka manisharulai maddat garna samarpit paropkari sanstha how. antatah rachelle lloyd rar puti harber duwaiko rahasya patta lagaaunchhin, unko euta pariwarko barema june unle nashta gare rar tyageka thie, unko euta chhalko barema jasle unlai sahaj rar aramko jiwanko guarantee dieko chha. tinko shanta astitwale nimna krisamaslai wighatan gardacha, rar rachel rar loyadle afulai cruss-contry odisima bhettaunchhan jasle uniharulai prakople grasta springfield namka dherai saharharu parr gardacha. loidko dayalu anuhar tuteko chha, rar rechelle dherai anautho patraharuko samana gardacha, jasma cum-sahayogi therapist rar team timko, television game soko host samawesh chha. antatah, bolne shakti gumaepachhi, unle afulai bahini margaretdwara sanchalit gharbarwihin ashrayama bhettaunchhin, jasko afnai andhakar rahasyaharu chhan. utpadan noteharu. soundtrackma bing crusbyko "ai will bi home ferr christmas", jack jonsko "silent night", roser williamsko "o little tauna aff bethlehem", rar pyat bunko "joya too da world" rar "jingle bails" samawesh chhan. september 1995 maa toranto antarrashtriya film festivalma yass chalchitrako premiere bhaeko thiyo. yasale americama $103,351 matra kamaeko thiyo. alochanatmak swagat. da newyork times" maa afno samikshama, stephen holdenle filmlai "ek wastawik hasya rupak" bhaneka chhan jasle "alys inn wonderland" lai "candide" sanga milaera frank capraco chhuttiko hridayasparshiko samakalin pratikaryama "yo ek adbhut jiwan how" bhanne sujhawa dinchha. . . "laparwah" ley "chumbanko prastawana" bhanda dherai safalatapurwak wayaska pari kathako andhyaro vichitra watawarnlai kayam rakhchha, nirdeshakko lucas natakko pahileko screen sthanantaran. tara yasale yasalai sajilo banaundaina. paramparagat chalchitra prakritiwadko apeksha garna shartama raheka darshakharulai chetawani dinupardacha kii "laparwah" yasako lekhan rar nirman designma rar yasako kehi abhinayama pani wastawik rupma shailibadha chha. ms. farolai rachelko rupma yati purna rupma cast garieko chha kii yo charitra unle "petton place" maa kishore umerdekhi nai kheleko lagbhag harek bhumikako asawan jasto dekhinchha. unko adhu rar krimko rung rar alik chichi awajko sath, ms. farole sadhain ek samayapurva, atiwriddha rajkumariko pratik bhaeko chha jasko greysle risle bharieko surakshatmaktalai prerit gardacha. laparwah" maa, madhur rupma ferlorn rar awyawasthit rupma balbachchako mishranlai prastut gardai, uni americi nirdosh awatar bhanda cum chhainan jasle yasabata bahira nikalna mag gardaichin." sikago sunn-times" kaa roser abertle bhane, "yo tee chalchitraharu madhye ek how jahaan tapainlai lagchha kii yo kewal sapana how, rar tyasapachhi jab sabaijana uthchan, yo ajha kharab hunchha. . . yasako matlab yo hoina kii chalchitrako gunharu chhainan; nirman design chakhalagdo chha, rar farolai thaha chha kii unle afno nirdosh bhokaunesanga key gariraheki chhin." saan francisco chronicle" maa, mick lasalele bhane kii film "suruma yasako utkrishta awasthama chha, yasale yasako simaharu patta lagaunu aghi rar yasako chalharuko jhola samapta garnu aghi. . . ekchoti tapainle "laparwah" kewal euta majak majak chahanchha bhanne mahasus garepachhi, yo thakit hunchha." da wassington post" kaa hall hinsonle awalokan gare, "lukasle afno vishayavastuharulai kalatmak spashtataka sath wyakta garchhan, tara chalchitra yati sakshar chha, yati lekhieko chha, kii yasako bhawanatmak prabhawa yasako design rar yasako samamitiko suruchipurna khelsanga lagbhag akasmik dekhinchha. antyama, katha kunai baliyo natakiya uddeshyaka lagi hoina, tara natakakarle sawadhanipurwak sirjana gareko santulan rar anupatko bhawana kayam rakhnaka lagi khulchha. yadyapi lukasle hebhiwet muddaharusanga wyawahar gardacha, unko shanta, adhyayan garieko drishtikonle kunai naha kunai rupma tiniharulai cum gardacha. . . kahilekaahin, chalchitra betuka, andhyaro ramailo hunchha, tara yo agadi badhdai jaanda gati nirman garnuko satta, yo tadha janchha. lekhakko spashta pratibha rar visheshagya shilp kaushalko bawajud, "laparwah" samanya kuraharuma wighatit hunchha." saan francisco parikshak" maa, barbara shulgaserle bhane, "ashcharyaharu mahan hunchhan jab tiniharu purvavyapi rupma arthapurna hunchhan. yadi tapainle pahilo patak herne bittikai uniharuko apeksha garnubhaena bhane pani, jab tapain pahileka drishyaharuma farkera sochnuhunchha bhane tapainle lekhakle stabdha parney ghatanaharuka lagi kasari tayari gareko chha bhanera dekhna saknuhunchha. lukasle kurakanima gaira-sequatorharu jastai karyaharuma ghatanaharu chhodchhan."

beparua (1995 chalachitra) rexless' heuchhi 1995 masihar eka americae dark kamedi chalachitra, jahara nirdeshana deichhanti narman rene. kregg lukasnka dwara likhita chitranatyati taanka 1983 masihar samaana shirshaka nataka upare aadharita. plut. kramagata bhabare prafulla ebong ashaheen bhabare ashabadi rachelnka aapatadrustire purna zeeban gotie khristamasara purba sandhyare update hue jetebele taanka swamee tomm ghoshana karanti je shay taanka zeeban upare eka chukti karichanti kintu epari kariba paain taanka nishpatti bishajare dwiteeja chinta karuchanti . kebala eka nightgun ebong chappal pindhi, shay taanka paain yojana karithiba bhagyaru rakhya paiba paain tarabaria bhabare eka tusharapatare taanka connecticut gharu bahari jaanti . shay massachusets samajika karmi laedanka dwara uddhara huanti, jie tanku taanka badhira, mooka, paraplegic patni putinka gharaku neithanti. rachel ehi dampatinka sahita mishi samudra paara curry lajadanka saha kaama kariba arambha karanti, jaahaa eka databya sanstha jaahaa dibyangamananku sahajya kariba paain utsargeekruta . sheshare rachel ubhaja lloyd ebong puti harber rahasya abishkara karanti, tankara eka paribara bishajare jaahaa shay dhwansa karithile ebong parityaga karithile, tankara eka pratarana bishajare jaahaa tanku sahaja ebong aramara zeeban sunishchita karichhi . ehi tinijananka shant astitwa parabarti khreestamasare drabibhuta hoithae, ebong rachel ebong lloyd nijaku eka antahdeshija odisire paithanti jaahaa semananku biparjya dwara prabhabita springfield namaka aneka sahara madhya dei neijae. lloyder dajalu sammukhabhaga bhangijae, ebong rachel aneka adbhuta charitrara sammukheen huanti, jeunthire jane comm sahajaka therapist ebong eka television game shoe 'rahr host team timco antarbhukta . sheshare, kathaa kahibara shakti haraiba parey, shay nijaku bhaunee margaretnka dwara parichalita eka gruhahina aashrajasthaleere paithae, jahara nijara andhakara rahasya achhi . utpada note. soundtrakare binga kraswinka dwara "aai we bii home phara christmas", jack jonsanka dwara "silent night", roser wilijamsanka dwara "oh little taun off bethleheim", ebong patt boonka dwara "jaiah tuu dee warld" ebong "jingla bail" antarbhukta . ehi chalachitrati september 1995 ray torranto antarjatija chalachitra mahostabare premiyara hoithila. ehaa aamerikare maatra $103,351 aaja karithila . samalochanamoolaka swagata. daa nyujarka times" ray taanka samikhyare, stephen holden ehi chalachitraku "eka parabastaba hasya rupaka bolly kahichanti jaahaa" alice inn wanderland "ku" candide "sahita mishi phranka kapranka chhutidinara hrudajasparsheenka eka samasamajika pratishedhakare mishaiba paramarsha die" ehaa eka chamatkara zeeban ". .. .. "eka budd parikalpana kahanira andhakarapurna paribeshaku" "eka chumban paain prelude" "apekhya adhika saphalatara saha" "beparua" "bajaiah rakhe, jaahaa nirdeshakanka eka lucas natkar purba screen transposition . kintu ehaa sahaja nuhen. paramparika chalachitra prakrutibada aasha karibaku sarta rakhithiba darshakamananku chetabani diajiba uchita je "beparua" ehara lekha ebong prodoxon design ebong epariki ehara kichhi abhinajare madhya ati bastaba saileere achhi . emm. ess. pharonku rachel bhabare ete nikhunta bhabare cast karajaichi je ehi charitrati "petton places" ray kishore-bayaska heba paratharu shay khelithiba praiah pratyeka bhumikara eka asadan pari dekhajae . taanka peach-ebong-cream ranga ebong samanya karkash swarare, emm. ess. farrow sarbada jane akalika, atishai brudha rajakumarinku pratiphalita karichanti, jahanka gabarjya krodhare paripurna surakhyaku prerana deithae. beparua" ray, madhur bhabare parityakta ebong aprasangika bhabare sisusulabhanka mishranaku upasthapana curry, shay americae nirdosha abatara thaaru kichhi comm nuhnti jaahaa ethiru bahara hebaku daabi karanti ." chikago sunn-timeser" roser ebert kahichanti, "ehaa sehi chalachitragudika madhyaru gotie jeunthare apana ehaaku kebala eka swapna bolly bhabanti, ebong taa 'parey jetebele samaste uthanti, ehaa ahuri kharap . .. .. ehara artha ehaa nuhen je chalachitrara kaunasi guna naahin; prodoxon design kautuhalara, ebong farrow thick janichanti je shay taanka nirdosha niskapatata sahita qa 'naa karuchanti." shaan francisco chronicle" ray, mick lasale kahichanti je chalachitrati "ehara seema abishkara kariba ebong ehara kaushala byagaku samapta kariba purbaru, prarambhare ehara sarbottama sthitire achhi . .. .. thare apana anubhaba kale je "beparua" kebala gotie hasyaku punarabrutti karibaku chahunchhi, ehaa klantikar hoijae ." daa washington post" rahr hall hinson kahichanti, "lucas taanka bishajabastugudiku kalatmaka spastatara saha spust karichanti, kintu chalachitrati ete sakhyara, ete likhita, je ehara bhabapraban prabhaba ehara design ebong ehara samarupatara marjeet khela sahita praiah aanusangika pari manehue . sheshare, kahaniti kaunasi drudha natakiah uddeshya paain nuhen, barang natyakaranka jatnapurbaka srusti hoithiba santulana ebong anupataku bajaiah rakhiba paain unmochita hue . jadio lucas hebhiwet samasya sahita jadita, tankara shant, adhyajana abhimukhya kaunasi prakare segudiku hrass kare . .. .. belebele, chalachitrati ajatha, andhakarare mazadar, kintu gati badhaiba paribarte, ehaa chaali jaithae . lekhakanka spust pratibha ebong bisheshagya karigari satwe, "beparua" sadharana kathaare bibhakta hoijae ." shaan francisco parikhyaka" ray, barbara shulgasar kahichanti, "ashcharjyajanaka ghatana setebele bahuta bhal hoithae jetebele segudika ateetare arthapurna hoithae. jadio apana pratham dekhila parey segudikara aasha karinathile, jetebele apana purba drushyagudiku chinta karibe, setebele apana dekhiparibe je lekhaka ehi ashcharjyajanaka ghatana paain kipari prastuta hoichhanti. lucas kebala kathabartta samajare anah-anukramikanka pari karjyakalapaku ghatana bhitaraku drop karanti ."

laparvahi (1995 film) rackless ikk 1995 dee amriki dark kamedi film haii jiss daa nirdeshan norman rene neey keeta haii. cragg lucas dee screenplay use sirlekh dey 1983 dey natak 'teey adharat haii. plaat. lagatar khushhal atey umeed toon bahr aashavadi raichel dee sampuran jeevan noon ikk christmas dee purav sandhiaa 'teey badal ditta jaanda haii jadon uss dey patee tomm neey ailaan keeta kii uss neey uss dee zindagi' teey ikrarnama keeta haii parr ajiha curran dey aapne faisle baare dooja vichaar qarr riha haii. siraf ikk nightgown atey chappal paa keey, uh jaldi naal aapne connect gharr noon barfile toofan witch chhadd dindi haii taan joe uss dee kismat toon bachiaa jaa sake jiss dee usne uss laee yojna banayi see. uss noon massachusets dey smajik karkun lloyd neey bachaiaa haii, joe uss noon aapni bollie, goongi, parapelic patni pooty cole gharr lae keey aaunda haii. raichel jode dey naal ander chalaa jaanda haii atey apahjan dee madad laee samarpit ikk daani sangathan, samunder dey paar lloyd dey naal kamm karna shuru qarr dinda haii. akheer witch raichel noon lloyd atey pooty bandargah dovan dey raazaan daa pataa laggda haii, uss dey parivaar baare jiss noon usne tabah qarr ditta atey chhadd ditta, uss dey ikk dhokhe baare jiss neey uss noon aaram atey aaram dee zindagi dee grunty ditti haii. tinnan dee shaant hond agle christmas noon bhang qarr dindi haii, atey raichel atey lloyd aapne aap noon ikk karaas-contry odc utte labhde hunn joe unhan noon springfield namak kaee kasbiaan vicchon langhda haii, joe tabahi naal prabhavit hunde hunn. lloyd daa dialu roop tutt jaanda haii, atey raichel noon kaee ajib patran daa sahmana karna painda haii, jiss witch ikk ghatt-madadgaar therapist atey ikk television game shoa dey mezban timm timco shamal hunn. ant witch, bolann dee shakti guaun toon baad, uh aapne aap noon bhainn margaret duaara chalai jaa rahee ikk beghar panahgah witch paundi haii, jiss cole aapne aap witch kaale raaz hunn. utpadan notes. soundtrack witch bing crossby duaara "aaee will bee home phaar chrismis", jaik jonas duaara "silent night", rojar villiams duaara "ou little taoon aaf bathelham", atey pait boone duaara "dunia noon khushi" atey "jingle ghantiaan" shamal hunn. film daa premiere satambar 1995 witch torranto antarashtari film festival witch keeta giaa see. iss neey amrica witch siraf 103,351 dallar dee kamai keeti see. aalochnatmak suagat. dha newyork times" witch aapni samikhiaa witch, stephen holden neey film noon "ikk asli hasohina roopak kiha joe sujhaa dinda haii kii" ellis inn wonderland "noon" candide "naal jode keey frank capra dey chhuttiaan dey dill vaale" ih ikk shandar jeevan haii "dey samkali dawai witch milaa ditta giaa haii. . . "laparvahi" ikk vaddi parii kahani dey goodeh mahaul noon "chumman dee shuruat" naalon kitey ziaada safaltapurvak kaaim rakkhdi haii, nirdeshak dee ikk lucas natak dee pichli screen tabdili. parr ih iss noon aasaan naheen banaunda. ravaiti film kudrativad dee umeed curran laee tiaar darshakan noon chetavani ditti jaanhi chahidi haii kii "laparvahi" iss dey likhan atey nirman design witch atey ithon takk kii iss dee kujh adakari witch vee asal witch shailibadh haii. aimm. aiss. faroe noon raichel dey roop witch inni puurii tarahan naal pesh keeta giaa haii kii ih paatar lagbhag harr bhumika daa ikk aaswan japda haii jadon toon uh "petton place" witch ikk kishore-umar dee see. uss dey aadoo atey kareem rung atey thodhi jihi raule-rappe vaali aavaaz naal, aimm. aiss. faero neey hamesha ikk agaoon, vaddi hoee rajkumari daa prateek riha haii jiss dee shishtacharta chidchidepan naal bharee surakhiaa noon prerit kardi haii. laparvahi" witch, mitthe taur 'teey angaule atey anchahe bacchiaan dey mishran noon pesh karde hoye, uh amriki nirdosh avtaar toon ghatt naheen haii joe iss toon bahr kaddhan dee mung qarr rahee haii." shikago sunn-times" dey rogger ebert neey kiha, "ih unhan filman vicchon ikk haii jitthe tusin sochde hoow kii ih siraf ikk supna haii, atey firr jadon harr koee jagda haii, taan ih badtar hundi haii. . . iss daa ih kahina naheen haii kii film witch iss dey gunn naheen hunn; production design dilchsap haii, atey faero noon pataa haii kii uh aapne nirdosh bhola naal qee qarr rahee haii." sainn francisco dey itihaas" witch, mick lasale neey kiha kii film "shuruat witch aapne sarbottam pardarshan witch haii, iss toon pahilan kii ih aapniaan seemavan daa pataa lagaundi haii atey aapniaan chaalan noon khatam qarr dindi haii. . . ikk vaar jadon tusin mahisus karde hoow kii "laparvahi" daa irada siraf ikk mazak duhrauna haii, taan ih thaka denh vaala hoow jaanda haii." dha washington post" dey haal hinson neey dekhiaa, "lucas aapne vishiaan noon kalatmak sapshatata naal sapshat karda haii, parr film inni padhi-likhi haii, inni likhi gaee haii, kii isda bhavnatmak prabhav iss dey design atey iss deeaan samruptavan dee shandar khed naal lagbhag sanjog japda haii. ant witch, kahani kise mazboot nataki udesh laee naheen, balki natakkar duaara dhiaan naal banayi gaee santulan atey anupat dee bhavna noon banayi rakkhan laee sahmane aaundi haii. halanki lucas bhaari muddiaan naal najithda haii, parr uss dee shaant, adhiaen keeti pahunch kise tarahan unhan noon ghataundi haii. . . kaee vaar, film betuki, goodhi mazakia hundi haii, parr jiven-jiven ih chaldi haii, gatee vadhaun dee bajaae, ih door hoow jaandi haii. lekhak dee pratakh pratibha atey mahr shilpkari dey bavjood, "laparvahi" mamuli gallan witch vandee jaandi haii." sainn francisco janchkarta" witch, barbara shulgassar neey kiha, "hairani udon bahut hundi haii jadon uh pichokad witch arth rakkhde hunn. bhaven tusin unhan noon pahili vaar dekhan toon pahilan hii umeed naheen keeti see, jadon tusin pichle drishan baare sochde hoow taan tusin dekh sakde hoow kii lekhak neey hairan curran valiaan ghatnavan laee kiven tiaari keeti haii. lucas siraf gallbat witch gair-kramvaar wang ghatnavan noon karvai witch paunda haii."

avivekee (1995 chalacchitram) reclace iti 1995 tame varshe naarman rene ityanena nirdeshitam american-dark-kamedi-chalacchitram asti. kregg lucas ityasya chitrakathaa tasya 1983 tame varshe eva shirshakasya natakasya aadhaaren asti. plut. yadaa tasyaah pati taam, tasyaah jeevanasya vishaye anubandham sveekrutavaan iti, parantu tasya nirnayasya vishaye dvitiyachintam karoti iti ghoshayati, tadaa ekasmin chrismus-parwatah, avirata-harshodgaram, aashaahina-aashaavaadam cha rechel ityasya paripoornam jeevanam apavartyate. kevalam raatrivastram, padatranam cha dharya saa twaraam connecticut-gruhaat himaskhalane nirgacchati yena tasya krute yojanam krutaat bhagyat saha rakshate. saa springfield, masaachusets-samajasevakena lloyd ityanena rakshitaa, yah tam swabhrashtaa, mookayaa, parshvaroginya patnee pootee ityasyaah gruham aanayati. raachelah dampatee saha aagacchati, samudrasya param lloyd ityanena saha karyam kartum aarabhate, yat vikalaamgaanaam sahayyam kartum samarpitam paropakarisamstha asti. ante rechel, lloyd-pootee-naukaashrayayoho rahasyan aavishkaroti, tasya parivaarasya vishaye yah saha nashtavaan parityaktah cha aasit, tasyaah vanchanaayaah vishaye yat tasyaah sahajasy sukhasya cha jeevanasya pratyaabhootim akarot. trayam shaantam astitvam agrime chrismus-parvanam vighatayati, tathaa cha rechel-lloyd-cha cross-contry odisee ityasmin swam anubhavanti, yat taan vipattyaa piditanam springfield-namakanam anekanagareshu nayati. lloyd ityasya krupaaluhu mukhabhaagah bhagnah bhavati, tathaa cha rechel ityeshah anekaan vichitraan patran sammukheekaroti, yeshu alpa-sahaayakah chikitsakah, dooradarshan-creedaa-karyakramasya upasthaapakah timm timco cha antarbhavati. ante, bhaashanashaktim nashtavatee saa bhaginyaa margaret ityanena sanchaalite gruhaheena-aashraye swasyaah nigooda-rahasyanam swakeeya-bhaagam asti. utpaadana-tippanyah. dhvanimudrikayam bing crossby ityasya "aii will bee home faar chrismus", jyaak johns ityasya "sailent nait", roser viliums ityasya "o litil town aaf bethlehem", pyaat boon ityasya "jaay too da world", "jingal bails" cha santi. 1995 september-maase torrento-antarashtriya-chalacchitra-mahotsave asya chalacchitrasya prathamapradarshanm krutam. amerikaadeshe kevalam $103,351 ankaankitam abhavat. vimarshaatmak-sweekaranam. da nyuyaark tams" ityasmin swasya samikshayam stephen holden ityayam chalacchitram "ekam avaastavikam hasya-roopakam" iti uktavaan, yat "aalis inn vandar-lyand" iti "candaid" ityanena saha samyojitam, frank kapra ityasya viraamasya hrudayasparshakasya samakaaleen-aushadham "itts atfardal-laif" iti soochayati. . . "avivekee" iti "chumbanasya purvasuchana" iti nirdeshakasya lucas-natakasya poorvaparisthitivaranasya apekshayaa, prauda-parikathayaha andhakarapurnam vikshiptam vaataavaranam adhikatayaa safalatayaa dhaarayati. parantu tatt naa sulabham bhavati. paaramparika-chalacchitra-prakrutivaadasya apekshaam kartum baddhaah prekshakaah, "avivekee" iti tasya lekhan-nirmaana-vinyaase, tasya keshuchit abhinaya-kshetre api ati yatharthataya shaileekrutah asti iti sataaharitum shaknuvanti. emm. ess. faarro iteedam rachel iti rupena purnataya patranirneetam asti yat etat paatram "peaton places" ityasmin kishoraawasthaayaah kalat saa abhineetasy praayah pratyekasya paatrasya aasavanam iva drushyate. tasyaah peech-and-kreem-varnena, alpam karkashadhvanyaa cha, emm. ess.. faarro-varyaha sarvadaa akalikam, ativruddhaam rajakanyanam pratiroopam asti, yanam paraakramaani prakopena saha rakshanatmakatam prerepayanti. avivekee" ityasmin, madhurataya parityaktaa, aprapyataya baalaki cha mishranm prakshepayan, saa amerikaadeshasy nirdoshya-avataaraat kimapi nyoonam naasti, yaa tatt nishkaasitum yachana karoti." chikaago sunn-tams" ityasya rogger ebert ityeshah avadat, "etat teshu chalacchitreshu anyatam asti yatra bhavaan chintayati yat etat kevalam swapnam eva asti, tatah yadaa sarve jaagaranti tadaa tatt durdashitam bhavati. . . arthaat chalacchitrasya swakeeyagunaani naa santi iti naa, nirmaana-vinyaasah cha rochaka asti, tathaa cha faaro ityayam swasya nirdoshena nishkapatena saha kim karoti iti samyak jaanaati." syaan francisco chronicle" ityasmin, mick lasale ityeshah avadat yat chalacchitram "aarambhe eva sarvottamam bhavati, tasya poorvamev tasya seemaah dnyaatvaa tantrasya sanchayah samaaptah bhavati. . . yadaa bhavaan jaanaati yat "avivekee" kevalam ekam haasyam punaraavartayitum icchati, tadaa tatt ksheenam bhavati." da washington post" ityasya haal hinson ityanena avalokitam yat, "lucas ityayam swasya vishayaan kalatmakataya spashtatayaa vyaktavaan, parantu chalacchitram etaavat saksharam, etaavat likhitam asti, yena tasya bhaavanaatmakah prabhaawah tasya vinyaasen, tasya samarupatayaha bhavya-kreedayaa cha praayah samyogaroopena drushyate. ante kathaa naa tu kasyaapi prabal-naatakeey-uddeshyay, apitu naatyakaarasy savadhanataya nirmitasya santulanam anupaatam cha bhaavam cha sthaapayitum udghaatyate. yadyapi lucas-varyaha bhaaravahanasya samasyanam vishaye vyavaharati tathaapi tasya shaantah, adhyayitah drushtikonah kasyaapi prakaaren taan nyooneekaroti. . . kadaachit chalacchitram avivekapoornam, krushnarasaatmakam bhavati, parantu gatim nirmaatum naa tu tatt vyatigatam bhavati. lekhakasy spashta-pratibhayaha, nipuna-shilpakalaayaah cha satsu "avivekee" alpa-vishayeshu vighatitah bhavati." saan francisco-parikshakasya" vishaye barbera shulgasar ityanena avadat, "yadaa poorvaanvayena artham avalambate tadaa aashcharyaani mahatee bhavanti. yadi bhavaan prathamadarshane teshaam pratyaashayat naa api, poorvadrushyeshu punah chintayitvaa bhavaan drashtum shaknoti yat lekhakah aghatakarinam ghatanaabhyah katham sajjaha asti iti. lucas kevalam vaartaalaapasy anakramakanam iva kriyayam ghatanaah eva sthaapayati."

poruppattra (1995 thiraippadam) norman rene iyakkiya 1995 aam aandu veliyaana america irunda nagaichchuvaith thiraippatamaagum. kiraik lucas ezhuthiya tiraikkathai avarathu 1983 aam aandu athae thalaippil ulla naadagaththai adippadaiyaagak kondadhu. sathi. idaividaamal magizhchchiyaana mattrum nambikkaiyattra nambikkaiyulla racheline vaazhkkai oru christhumas eev andru avarathu kanavar daam thanathu vaazhkkaiyil oru oppanthaththai eduththullathaaga arivikkiraar, aanaal avvaaru seivatharkaana avarathu mudivaip pattri irandaavathu ennangkalaik kondirukkiraar. oru iravu aadai mattrum seruppugalai mattumae anindhukondu, avar avalukkaaka tittamitta vithiyilirunthu thappikka oru panippuyalil thanathu inaikappatta veettai vittu avasaramaaga selkiraal. avar springfield, massusets samooga sevagar lloyd enbavaraal meetkappadugiraar, avar thanathu kaathu kelaatha, uumaiyaana, pakkavaatham konda manaivi poottikku avalai veettirku alaiththu varukiraar. rachael thambathiyarudan nagarnthu, uunamutrtravarkalukku udhava arppanikappatta oru thondu niruvanamaana kadalukku appaal lloyd udan vaelai seiyath thodangukiraar. iruthiyil rachael lloyd mattrum puutti haarbar aagiya iru ragasiyangkalaiyum kandupiditthaar, avar azhiththa mattrum kaivitta oru kudumbaththaip pattri, avalukku elithaana mattrum aaruthal vaalkkaikku uththaravaatham aliththa oru aemaattruthal pattri. moovarin amaithiyaana iruppu pinvarum christhumasaik kalaikkirathu, maelum rachael mattrum lloyd oru kurukku-naattu oodisiyil thangalaik kaankiraargal, idhu avarkalai springfield endra pala nagarangal vazhiyaaga alaiththuch selkirathu, paerazhivaal naai. lloytin thayavaana mugappu sitharukirathu, mattrum rachael oru tholaikaatchi vilayaattu nigazhchchiyin thoguppaalaraana kuraivaana udhavi sigichchaiyaalar mattrum dimm timco udpada pala ottraippadai kathaapaaththirangalai ethirkolkirathu. iruthiyaaka, paechchu sakthiyai ilanththa piragu, chakoothari margared nadaththum veedattra thangkumidaththil thannaik kaankiraal, avalukku irunda ragasiyangkalil sonthap pangku ullathu. thayaarippu kurippugal. olippathivil bing grospiyin "aii will pii hoam phaar christhumas", jaak johns ezhuthiya "silent nite", rojar villiamsin "ooo little down off bethlahem", mattrum paet poonin "joy duu thii world" mattrum "jingle bells" aagiyavai adangkum. inththa padam septumber 1995 ill torrento sarvadesa thiraippada vizhaavil thiraiyidappattathu. idhu americavil $103,351 mattumae vasooliththathu. vimarsana reethiyaana varavaerpu. thii newyorg times" endra thanathu mathippaaivil, stephen holton inththa thiraippataththai "oru sarriyal kaamik uruvagam" endru alaiththaar, idhu "alis inn vonderland" udan "cantide" udan inaikappattu frank kaapraavin vidumurai idhayaththirku samagaala marunththaaga inaikkappattullathu "idhu oru arputhamaana vaazhkkai". . . "oru muththaththirku munnuraippathai vida", "oru valarntha visithirak kadhaiyin irunda manachchoarvadaintha soozhalai" "poruppattra" nilainiruththukirathu, idhu iyakkunarin munththaiya thiraiyil oru lucas naadagaththai maattrukirathu. aanaal adhu adhai elithaakkaathu. valakkamaana thiraippada iyarkaiyai ethirpaarkka nibanthanai vithikkappatta paarvaiyaalarkal, "poruppattra" adhan ezhuththu mattrum thayaarippu vadivamaippilum, adhan sila nadippilum kooda migaiyathaarththamaaga vadivamaikkappattullathu endru echcharikkappada vaendum. emm. ess. faroe raaselaaga migavum sariyaaga nadikkappaduvathaal, "peettan idaththil" deane aejar aaga irunththathilirunthu avar nadiththa kittatthatta ovvoru paaththiraththin vadikattuthalaaga inththa kathaapaaththiram therikirathu. avaludaiya beach-andd-gream niram mattrum sattru visithiramaana kuraludan, emm. ess. farro eppoathum oru munkoottiya, adhiga valarntha ilavarasiyin uruvaththai velippaduththiyullathu, avarathu kavarchi erichchaludan koodiya paathukaapputh thanmaiyai ookkuvikkirathu. poruppattra", inippaana forelan mattrum sikkalaana kuzhanthaiththanaththin kalavaiyai munvaiththu, avar america appaavitthanamaana avathaaraththai vida kuraivaaga illai, athilirunthu veliyaettrappada vaendum endru koorugiraar." sikago suunn-times" inn rojar ebert, "idhu oru kanavu mattumae endru neengkal ninaikkum padangkalil idhuvum ontraakum, pinnar elloarum ezhunththathum, adhu moasamaaga irukkum. . . thiraippataththirku adhan gunangal illai endru solla mudiyaathu; thayaarippu vadivamaippu suvaarasyamaanathu, maelum faroe thanathu appavi appaaviyudan enna seikiraar enbathu sariyaagath theriyum." chaan francisco kaalavarisaiyil", mick lazalle, padam "adhan varambugalaik kandupiditthu adhan thanthirangalin paiyai veliyaettruvatharku munbu, aarambaththil adhan sirantha nilaiyil ullathu" endru koorinaar. . . poruppattra" oru nagaichchuvaiyai mattumae meendum meendum seiya virumbukirathu enbathai neengkal unarnththavudan, adhu soarvaaga maarum." thii washington poast" inn haal hinson, "lucas thanathu karupporulgalai kalaiyaana thelivudan velippaduthukiraar, aanaal padam migavum padiththa, ezhuthappatta, adhan unarchchi thaakkam adhan vadivamaippu mattrum adhan samachir nerththiyaana vilaiyaattukku kittatthatta thartseyalaagath therikirathu. iruthiyil, kadhai endha valuvaana viyaththagu nokkaththirkaagavum alla, aanaal naadaga aasiriyarin kavanamaaga uruvaakkappatta samanilai mattrum vigitha unarvai paraamarippatharkaagavum velivarukirathu. lucas heavywaite pirachchanaikalaik kaiyaalugiraar entraalum, avarathu kulirchiyaana, padiththa anugumurai eppadiyaavathu avattraik kuraikkirathu. . . sila nerangalil, padam muttaalthanamaaga, irunda vaedikkaiyaaga irukkirathu, aanaal adhu sellach sella vaekaththai valarppatharkup pathilaaka, adhu vilagich selkirathu. ezhuththaalarin velippadaiyaana thiramaikal mattrum nibunaththuva kaivinaiththiran irunththapoathilum, "poruppattra" arpa vishayangkalaaka sithaikirathu." chaan francisco examineril", barbara shulkazar koorinaar, "pinnoakki paarkkumpoathu aachariyangkal migavum nandraaga irukkum. neengkal muthalil paarkkumpoathu avattrai ethirpaarkkavillai entraalum, munththaiya kaatchigalai neengkal ninaikkum poathu, athirchchiyoottum nigazhvugalukku aasiriyar evvaaru tayaaraakivittaar enbathai neengkal kanalaam. lucas uraiyaadalil thodarchchiyattrathaip poala nigazhvugalai seyalil irangka vaikkiraar."

nirlakshyamgaa (1995 chitram) norman rene darsakatvam vahinchina 1995 american dark comedy chitram 'recless'. craigg lucas raasina screen play adhe paerutoe 1983loe ayana raasina natakam aadhaaramgaa roopondinchabadindi. plaatlu. aame bhartha tomm thana jeevitampai oppandam kudurchukunnatlu prakatinchinappudu, conny alaa cheyalane thana nirnayam gurinchi rendava aalochanalu kaligi unnappudu, avisraantamgaa ullasamga mariyu nissahayamgaa asajanakamga kanipinche rachel yokka paripuurna jeevitam oka chrismus sandarbhamgaa paiki vastundi. nitegowne mariyu cheppulu matrame dharinchi, athanu thana kosam pranaalika chesina vidhi nundi tappinchukovadaaniki aame hadavidiga thana connecticut intini manchu tuphaanulo vadilivestundi. masachusets saamaajika kaaryakarta ayina lloyd, springfield aamenu rakshistaadu, athanu aamenu thana cheviti, mooga, paraplegic bhaarya puutii vaddaku teesukuvastaadu. rachel aaa jantatho kalisi velli, vikalaangulaku sahayam cheyadaaniki ankitamaina swachchanda samstha ayina samudram meedugaa lloyd thoo kalisi panicheyadam praarambhistaadu. chivariki rachel lloyd mariyu puutii naukaasrayam rendinti rahasyalanu kanugontaadu, athanu naasanam chesi, vidichipettina kutumbam gurinchi, aameki soulabhyam mariyu soukaryavantamaina jeevitaaniki haamii icchina moesaaniki sambandhinchinadi. eee mugguri prasaantamaina uniki taruvaati chrismasnu karigistundi, mariyu rachel mariyu lloyd tamanu taamu cross-country odissilo kanugontaaru, idhi vaarini vipattutoe kukkaluga unna springfield anae aneka pattanaala gundaa teesukuvelutundi. lloyd yokka dayagala mukhabhagam debbatintundi, mariyu rachel aneka vichitramaina paatralanu edurkontundi, veetilo takkuva-sahaayakaari therapist mariyu television game show host ayina timco unnaaru. chivaraku, matlade saktini kolpoyina taruvaata, aame thana sodari margaret naduputunna niraasrayula aasrayamlo tananu taanu kanugontundi, aame cheekati rahasyaalalo thana sonta vatanu kaligi undhi. utpatti gamanikalu. soundtracklo bing crossby raasina "ii will bii home pharr chrismus", jaak johns raasina "sailent nait", roser villiams raasina "oo little town off bethleheim", mariyu pyaat boone raasina "joy tuu dhi varald" mariyu "jingle bells" unnaayi. eee chitram 1995 septembarulo torranto antarjaateeya chalana chitrotsavamlo pradarsinchabadindi. idhi USloe kevalam $103,351 matrame vasoolu chesindi. vimarsanaatmaka swaagatam. dhi newyork times" loe thana sameekshalo, stephen holden eee chitraanni "fraank capra yokka holiday hartwarmerku samakaaleena viruguduga" candidae "thoo militam cheyabadina" alis inn wonderland "nuu soochinche oka adhivaastavika haasya upamaanam" anie pilicharu. . . "nirlakshyamgaa" "oka pedda adbhuta katha yokka cheekati vichitramaina vaataavaranaanni" "oka mudduku mundu" kante chaalaa vijayavantamgaa nilabedutundi, idhi darsakudi munupati teralo oka lucas natakam yokka badilee. conny adhi antha sulabham kaadu. sampradaaya chalanachitra sahajatvam aasinchataaniki sharatu vidhinchina prekshakulu "nirlakshyamgaa" daani rachana mariyu nirmaana roopakalpanalo mariyu daani natanalo kooda sarriyalli saileekrutamaindani heccharinchaali. ms. faroe chaalaa sampuurnamgaa rachelga natinchindi, eee paatra aame "peaton plays" loe teanage-ejarga unnappati nundi aame pooshinchina daadaapu prati paatraku swedanam anipistundi. aame peaches-und-cream complection mariyu koddigaa visugu puttinche vois thoo, ms. faroe ellappuduu oka akaala, atigaa perigina yuvaraanini pratibimbistumdi, aame gargulitytho rakshanaku prerana istundi. nirlakshyamgaa", madhuramaina alavaataina mariyu aspashtamaina balyam yokka misramaanni pradarsistuu, aame daani nundi bayataku teeyabadaalani demand chese american amayaka avataaram kante takkuva kaadu." chikago sunn-times" kuu chendina roser ebert ilaa annadu, "idhi oka kala matrame anie meeru bhaavinche chitraalalo idhi okati, aapai prati okkaroo melkonnappudu, adhi marinta ghoramgaa untundi. . . antey eee chitraaniki daani lakshanaalu levani cheppadam kaadu; nirmaana roopakalpana chamatkaaramainadi, mariyu aame amayaka amaayakathvamtho emi chestundo faaroku khachitamgaa telusu." shaan francisco chronicle" loe, mick lasalle matladutu, eee chitram "daani parimitulanu kanugoni, daani upayala sanchini aipoye mundu, praarambhamlo daani uttama sthithilo undhi". . . nirlakshyamgaa" oka joke matrame punaraavrutam cheyalanukuntunnarani meeru grahinchina tarvaata, adhi alasipotundi." dhi washington post" yokka haall hinson gamaninchinatlugaa, "lucas thana itivruttaalanu kalaatmakamaina spashtatato vyakteekarinchaadu, conny eee chitram chaalaa aksharaasyatatoo, entha vrasinatluga undhi, daani bhavodvega prabhavam daani roopakalpanaku mariyu daani samaruupatala yokka sogasaina aataku daadaapu yaadrucchikamgaa anipistundi. chivariki, katha yea balamaina naatakeeya uddesyam kosam kakunda, naataka rachayita jagrattagaa srushtinchina samatulyata mariyu nishpattini konasaaginchadaaniki bayatapadutundi. lucas heavywaite samasyalatho vyavaharinchinappatikii, athani challani, adhyayanam chesina vidhanam vaatini edho okavidhamgaa taggistundi. . . konnisaarlu, cinema asambaddhamgaa, cheekatigaa fanniga untundi, conny adhi munduku saagutunnappudu oopandukune badulu, adhi dribbles avutundi. rachayita yokka spashtamaina pratibha mariyu nipunula hastakala unnappatikee, "nirlakshyamgaa" chinna chinna vishayaalalo vichchinnamavutundi." shaan francisco examiner" loe, barbara shulgasar ilaa annadu, "aascharyakaramainavi gataanugatikamgaa ardhavantam ayinappudu goppavi. meeru vaatini modata chusinappudu oohinchakapoyinaa, meeru munupati sanniveshaala gurinchi aalochinchinappudu, aascharyakaramaina sanghatanala kosam rachayita elaa siddham ayyaro meeru chudavachu. sambhaashanhalo naan-sequators laaga lucas sanghatanalanu charyaloki padestaadu."

laparwah (1995 film) laparwah eek 1995 kii americi daark comedy film hay jiss kii hidayat kaaree naarman renay nay kii hay. kareeg locus kaa screen play asee anwaan kay inn kay 1983 kay dramay parr mubni hay. plaat. muslisil khushgawar aur mayus kunn toor parr parr ameed reechal kii bazahir kaamil zindagi karsams kay eek moqaa parr badal jaati hay jabb iss kay shohar tomm nay aalaan kiyaa kahh iss nay iss kii zindagi parr muahidah kiyaa hay leakin aisa karnay kay apnay faislay kay baaray mein dosray khayalat rakhtay haine. sarf night gaaon aur chapal pehney huay wah jald baazi mein apnay conecticate gahar say barfani toofan mein nikal jaati hay taakah iss kii qasmat say bach sakay jiss kii iss nay iss kay liye mansubah bundi kii thee. asay misachosts kay samaji carcan loyad spring feld bachata hay juu asay apnee behri gongi faalij zadah bewi pooti kay paas gahar lay aataa hay. reechal iss joday kay saath andar chalaa jaataa hay aur samandar kay paar lyde kay saath kaam karnaa sharoo kirr deeta hay juu eek khairati tanzim hay juu mazuron kii madad kay liye waqaf hay. aakhir kaar reechal kuu lyde aur pooti harber donon kay raaz malum hotay haine iss kay baaray mein eek khaandaan kay baaray mein jasay iss nay tabaah aur turk kirr diyaa thaa iss kay baaray mein eek dhokah dahee jiss nay asay aasani aur scone kii zindagi kii zamanat dee hay. teenon kaa perscon wajood aglay karsams kuu tehlil kirr deeta hay aur reechal aur lyde khood kuu eek karaas kantri odesi parr paatay haine juu inhein spring feld naami mutadid qasbon say guzarta hay juu tabahi say dochaar haine. lyde kaa naram mazaaj agwada toot jaataa hay aur reechal kuu mutadid ajeeb kirdaron kaa saamna karnaa padta hay jinn mein eek kumm madadgaar mualij aur eek teeli vision gaim show kay mezban tumm timko shaamil haine. aakhir kaar taqrir kii taaqat khoo deenay kay baad wah khood kuu behan margaret kay zeer intezam eek bay gahar panah gaah mein paa leeti hay jiss kay paas tareek raazon kaa apnaa hasah hay. production nott. sound track mein bung karasabi kaa "aayee will bee hoam faar karsams"yee jeek jonaz kaa "sylent night"yee rogar waleems kaa "awo luttle town aaf betalam"yee aur pait boone kaa "joye tuu dee world" aur "zangal bails" shaamil haine. iss film kaa premier satambar 1995 mein torrento international film festival mein hawaa. iss nay america mein sarf 103,351 ddaalar kamaye. tanqidi isteqbaliya. dee neoyork times" mein apnay jaizay mein stephan holden nay film kuu "eek haqeeqi mazahiya isteyarah qaraar diyaa jiss say patah chalta hay kahh" alais inn wonder lend "" candide kay saath mill kirr frank capra kay chhatiyon kay dall kay shoqeen kay asree dawaa mein zam how gayaa hay "yaha eek hairat angez zindagi hay". . . "laparwahi" eek baaligh pariyon kii kahaani kay tareek maahul kuu "bosah leenay kii paish kash" say kahein ziyadah kamiyabi say barqarar rakhti hay juu hidayat kaar kii locus dramay kii screen transposition hay. leakin yaha aasaan nahein hay. rawayati film naturalism kii toqaa karnay kay liye mashrut saamayin kuu khabardar kiyaa jaana chahiye kahh "laparwahi" kuu iss kii tehreer aur production design mein aur yahaan takk kahh iss kii kachh adakari mein bhee haqeeqat pasandanah andaaz mein banaya gayaa hay. ayem aiss. fero kuu reechal kay toor parr atnaa behtareen andaaz mein cast kiyaa gayaa hay kahh yaha kirdaar taqriba harr kirdaar kaa aasteen lagtaa hay juu iss nay "peetan plais" mein noamar amar kay honay kay baad say adaa kiyaa hay. iss kay aado aur cream kay rung aur qadray teez aawaz kay saath ayem aiss. fero nay hamishah eek qabal az waqat badhaa chadhaa kirr rakh dee hoyee shahzadi kii alaamat hay jiss kii bahadari chadchadapan say bharpur tahfuz kii targhib deeti hay. laparwah" mein mithayi say mahroom aur naqabil taskhir toor parr bachakpan kay markab kuu paish kartay huay wah americi bay gunahi autaar say kumm nahein hay juu iss say baahir nikalnay kaa mutalibah karti hay." shikago sunn times" kay rogar ebert nay kahaa "yaha inn filmon mein say eek hay jehaan aap kuu lagtaa hay kahh yaha sarf eek khwaab hay aur phir jabb harr koyee jaagta hay tuu yaha badtar hotaa hay. . . iss kaa matlab yaha nahein hay kahh film mein iss kii khususiyat nahein haine. production design dilchasp hay aur fero balkal jaanta hay kahh wah apnay bay gunah bay waqoof kay saath kiyaa kirr rahee hay." saan francesco kii tareekh" mein meek lasaal nay kahaa kahh film "sharoo mein apnee behtareen haalat mein hay iss say pehley kahh wah apnee hadood kaa patah lagaye aur apnee chaalon kuu khatam kirr day. . . eek baar jabb aap kuu ahsaas how jaataa hay kahh "laparwahi" kaa aradah sarf eek mazaaq dohrana hay tuu yaha thakaa deenay waala how jaataa hay." dee washington post" kay haal hannes nay mashahidah kiyaa "locus apnay mozuaat kuu fankarana toor parr waazah kartaa hay leakin film atnee khwandah hay atnee likhee hoyee hay kahh iss kaa jazbati asar iss kay design aur iss kii humm aahingi kay khubsurat kheel say taqriba ittefaqiya lagtaa hay. aakhir mein kahaani kasee mazboot dramayi maqsad kay liye nahein balkah dramah nigaar kay ahtiyaat say paida kardah tawazan aur tanasib kay ahsaas kuu barqarar rakhnay kay liye saamney aatee hay. agarcha locus bhaari wazan kay masail say namatta hay leakin iss kaa thandaa mutalah shadah naqtah nazar kasee naha kasee tarah inhein kumm kirr deeta hay. . . baaz auqaat film bay waqufana tareek mazhakah khaiz hoti hay leakin jeesay jeesay yaha aagay badhti hay raftaar badhanay kay bajaye yaha door how jaati hay. masnaf kii waazah salahiyaton aur maahir karigari kay bawajood "laparwahi" mamuli baaton mein toot jaati hay." saan francesco examenor" mein barbra sholgasar nay kahaa "hairat iss waqat behat ziyadah hoti hay jabb wah maazi say samajh mein aatee haine. agar aap nay pehley dekhnay parr inn kii toqaa nahein kii thee tubb bhee jabb aap pehley kay munazir parr ghoor karein tuu aap deekh saktay haine kahh masnaf nay hairan kunn waaqiaat kay liye kiss tarah tayari kii hay. locus sarf waaqiaat kuu amal mein daalta hay jeesay guftagu mein ghair sequitors."

0001b8f66ed03902e7acd7b521de18388516eef26eae497d3f2730f6c87c112c

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48356532

Trox hispidus

Trox hispidus Species of beetle Trox hispidus is a beetle of the family Trogidae. Description. "Trox hispidus" can reach a length of . The dorsal surface is convex and very rough, with ridges and tubercles, dark brown in color. On the body and legs this species has pale yellowish-white bristles. Distribution. This species is present in most of Europe. These very rare beetles can be found in nests of birds of prey. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> Media related to at Wikimedia Commons

trox hisipidas trox hisipidas hoise trojide poriyalor etaa bittle. bornona. "trox hisipidas" ror doirghyo hoh "bob paare. pristhiyo pristhobhag uttol aaru oti rukhyo, riz aaru tuberocolor xoite, gaarh badami rongor. xorir aaru bhorit ei projatir paatol halodhiya-bogaa bristol aase. bitoron. ei projatitu europor besibhag oncholot aase. ei oti birol bittlebur sikari sorair baxar bhitorot puwa yaay.

trocks hyspidas trocks hyspidus trogedy poribarer ekti bittle. bornona. "trocks hyspidus" err doirgho pouchte paare. pristhotol uttol ebong khub rukkho, shailashira ebong tubercol soho, gaadh badami ronger. shorir ebong paye eyi projatir facushey holud-saadaa bristol royeche. bitoron. eyi projatiti europer beshirbhag anchale uposthito. eyi biral bitalguli shicker pakhider bassa theke pawa yaay.

trox hyspidus trox hyspidus aee troggeday parivaarno bhamaro chhe. varnan. "trox hyspidus" nee lambai sudhee pahonchi shake chhe. prushthiy sapaati bahirmukh aneey khoob jaj kharbachadi hoya chhe, jemaa parvatmaalaao aneey kanda hoya chhe, jeno rung ghero kaththai hoya chhe. shareer aneey pug parr aaa prajatina aachha pilaa-safed barchhat hoya chhe. vitaran. aaa prajaati motabhagna europema haajar chhe. aaa khoob jaj durlabh bhrung shikaarnaa pakshiona maalaoma malee shake chhe.

trocks hyspidus trocks hyspidus trogidae parivaar kaa ack bhring haye. varnan. "trocks hyspidus" kii lambai taka pahunch sakata haye. prishthiya satah uttal aur bahut khurdara hoti haye, jisamen katak aur tubercle hotey hain, gahare bhoore rung key hotey hain. shareer aur pairon parr iss prajaati key peele-safed barchhe hotey hain. vitaran. yeh prajaati europe key adhikansh hisson mein maujood haye. yeye bahut hii durlabh bhring shikaar key pakshiyon key ghonsale mein paae jaa sakate hain.

tracks hyspidus tracks hyspidus embudu trogeday kutumbada jeerunde. vivarane. "tracks hyspidus" ondu uddavannu talupabahudu. prushthada melmai uttungavaagide mattu bahala orataagide, rekhegalu mattu gaddegalu, gaadha kandu bannadalliruttave. deha mattu kaalugala mele ee prabhedavu tili haladi-bili birugudalugalannu hondiruttade. vitarane. ee prabhedavu europina hecchina bhagagalalli kandubaruttade. ee aparoopada jirundegalu beteyaaduva pakshigala goodugalalli kandubaruttave.

trox hyspidus trojidae kudumbatthile oru vandaanu trox hyspidus. vivaranam. "trox hyspidasinu" neelam ethaan kazhiyum. dorsal uparithalam convex aanu, valare parukkan, malancherivukalum kizhanguvargangalum, irunda thavitt niramaan. shareerathilum kaalukalilum eee inathinu ilam manja-velutha bristtilukalund. vitharanam. yooroppinte bhooribhaagathum eee inam kaanapedunnu. valare apoorvamaaya eee vandukale erapidiyan pakshikalude koodukalil kaanam.

trocks hyspidus trocks hyspidus haah trogeday kutumbatil eka bhring aahe. varnan. "trocks hyspidus" chee lambi gathata yete. prushthbhagacha prushthbhag uttal aanee atishay khadbadit asato, jyat kadya aanee kandak asatat, jyaa gadad tapkiri rangachya asatat. yaa prajatichya shariravar aanee payanvar fikat fikat rangache thipke asatat. vitaran. hii prajati europechya bahutansh bhagat aadhalate. heey durmil bhring shikari pakshyanchya gharatyanmadhye aadhaltat.

tracks hispidus trucks hispidus trojide pariwarko euta bhringa how. warnan. "trucks hispidus" ko lambai pugna sakchha. prishthiya sataha uttal rar dherai khurdar chha, parwatharu rar tubercalharu, gadha khairo rangma. sharira rar khuttama yass prajatika pahenlo-seto bristalharu hunchhan. witaran. yo prajati yuropko adhikansh bhagma painchha. yee durlabh bhringharu shikar garne charaharuko gundama pauna sakinchha.

trucks hispids trucks hispids heuchhi trogedy paribarara eka bhrunga. barnana. "trucks hispids" rahr dairghya parjyanta pahanchi pariba. prusthabhaga utturna ebong ati rukhya, pahadara chuda ebong kanda sahita, gadha badami rangara . ehi prajatira sharira ebong godare haluka haladia-dhalaa brisal achhi . bunton. ehi prajati yuropara adhikansha sthanare dekhibaku milithae. ehi birala bhrunga shikara pakheenka basare dekhibaku milithae.

trocks hispeeds trokes hispeeds trogidae parivaar daa ikk beatle haii. varnan. "trocks hispeeds" dee lambai takk pahunch sakda haii. pitth dee satah ucchi atey bahut khurdari hundi haii, jiss witch pahadiaan atey kambni hundiaan hunn, goodeh bhure rung dee hundi haii. sareer atey lattan utte iss prajati dey peele-chitte rung dey bruss hunde hunn. vandd. ih prajati yoorap dey ziaadaatar hissiaan witch maujood haii. ih bahut hii durlabh beatle shikar dey panchhiaan dey aalhane witch paae jaa sakde hunn.

tracks hispids tracks-hispids iti trogidae-kulasya bhrungah asti. varnanam. "tracks hispids" ityasya dirghata prapnuyat. prushtabhaagasya prushtabhaagah uttala ateeva rukshah cha bhavati, parwatashrenyaah, kandaka-cha, gaada-godhoomawarnah bhavati. sharirasya paadayoh cha asmin prajatyaha shvetavarnasya peetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya shvetavarnasya cha pushpakarnah bhavati. vitaranam. eshaa prajaatih europe-deshasya adhikaamshakshetreshu drushyate. ete atyantam durlabhaah bhrungah shikarapakshinam kootasu drushyante.

trokes hyspitus trokes hyspitus enbathu trogidae kudumbaththin oru vandu aagum. vilakkam. "trokes hyspitus" neelam adaiya mudiyum. muthukelumbu maerparappu kuvindha mattrum migavum karadumuradaana, mugadugal mattrum kizhangugaludan, adder paluppu niraththil ullathu. udal mattrum kaalgalil inththa inaththin velir manjal-vellai munumunukkal ullana. viniyoagam. inththa inam iroappaavin perumpaalaana pakuthikalil kaanappadugiradhu. inththa ariya vandugal iraiyadikkum paravaikalin koodugalil kaanappadugindrana.

tracks hyspidus trokes hyspidus anedi trojidae kutumbaaniki chendina oka beatle. vivarana. "tracks hyspidus" podavu cherukovacchu. dorsal uparitalam kumbhakaramga mariyu chaalaa kathinamgaa untundi, gatlu mariyu gaddakatte rangulatho, muduru godhuma rangulo untundi. sareeram mariyu kaallapai eee jaatiki laetha pasupu-telupu mudururangulu untaayi. pampinhee. eee jaathi airopaloni chaalaa praantaalalo undhi. eee chaalaa arudaina beatles vaeta pakshula goollalo kanipistaayi.

trocks hyspides trocks hyspides trogady khaandaan kaa eek bettle hay. wazahat. "trocks hyspides" kii lambayi takk pahunch saktaa hay. dorsal satah manhani aur behat khardari hoti hay jiss mein pahadiyon aur tubercles kay saath gehrey bhuri rung kaa hotaa hay. jasm aur taangon parr iss nooa kay halkay pailay rung kay safed barangay hotay haine. taqsim. yaha nooa europ kay beshtar hasoon mein mojud hay. yaha behat hyee nayaab bettle shikaar parindon kay ghonsalon mein paaye jaa saktay haine.

0001befb5c5b7062a4f263aa4d30abb92134fd2ce7e856e7b848fdca09b35853

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=40367831

Grand Blood

Grand Blood Grand Blood is the third studio album from the American rock band Doomriders. The album was released on October 15, 2013, through Deathwish Inc. Doomriders began writing material for "Grand Blood" as early as 2011. The Kurt Ballou-produced album will be the band's first release of original material since 2009's "Darkness Come Alive", and will also be the first album with drummer Q, who is also a member of the band Clouds. Prior to the release of "Grand Blood", Doomriders released an online stream of "Dead Friends" to promote the album. Written by guitarist and vocalist Nate Newton, the song "Dead Friends" is about four of his recently deceased friends. Newton said he didn't know how to approach writing the song and had waited for a long time. He said, "I didn't want it to be sad, I wanted it to be a celebration. I'm not going to sugar coat it. It's sad. But you can't spend your whole life in grief." About the loss theme of "Grand Blood", Newton said, "The record focuses on getting older and dealing with death and all the responsibilities I was shirking most of my life. It's about looking in the mirror and taking responsibility." References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

bixal rokto grand blaad hoise aamerikan rok bendo dumoraidarsor tritiyo studio 'elbam. elbamtu 2013 sonor 15 octoborot dethwix inokor joriyote mukoli koraa hoisil. dumaraidars-e 2011 sonor porai "grand blaad" ror baabe xamogri likhiboloi aarombho korisil. cart belu-prostut elbamtu 2009 sonor "darkor kaam live" ror pisot bendtur mool xamogrir prothom mukoli hoh 'bob, aaru drummer kiur xoite prothom elbamou hoh' bob, ji bendo cloudor xodosyou. grand blaad" ror muktir purbe, dumoraidarse elbamtur prosar koriboloi "dead friends" ror etaa online stream mukoli korisil. giterbadok aaru konthoxilpi nett newtonor dwara likhito, "dead friends" gittu teur xehotiyakoi mrityu huwa bondhur pray sarijon. newtone koichil je teu gittu kenekoi likhibo laage najane aaru dirghodin dhori opekhya korisil. teu koichil, "moi iyak dukhjonok huwatu nibisarilu, moi iyak ek udjapon hisape bisarisilu. moi iyak cheni kutt koriboloi juwa naai. dukhjonok. kintu aapuni aapunar gutei jiwantu dukhot kotabo nuware."grand blaad" ror khyotir bixoybostur bixoye newtone koy, "recordtuwe boyox briddhi aaru mrityur xoite mukabila koraa aaru moi mur jiwanor besibhag xomoyor xokolu dayitwor uporot gurutwo aarup kore. eyaa aainat saai dayitwo luwar bixoye."

bishal rokto. granned blaad holl american rock banned dumriderser tritiya studio album. albumty dethouish incorporateder madhyome 15ee octobor, 2013-ayee mukti paay. dumriders 2011 saaler prothom dike "granned blaad"-err jonno upadan lekha shuru korey. curt byalu-projojito albumty 2009 saaler "darkara kaam live"-err porr theke bander prothom mool upadan prakash korbe ebong drummer cue-err saathe prothom albumo hobey, jini banned clouder sadasyao. granned blaad" prokasher agey, dumriders albumtir procharer jonno "deeda friends"-err ekti online stream prakash korey. guiterbadok ebong kanthashilpi nyata newtoner lekha, "deeda friends" ganti taanr samprati mrito chaar bandhur somporke. neuton bollen jey tini ganti lekhar upay jaanen naa ebong deergho somoy dhorey apekkha korechilen. tini bollen, "aami chaini etaa dukkhojonok hoke, aami cheyechilam etaa ekta udjapon hoke. aami chinny diye etaa coat korte jaab naa. etaa dukkhojonok. kintu upney upner puro jeebon dukkher modhye katate parben naa."" "granned blaad" "-err haranor thim somporke newtoner motey," "recordti briddho haoya ebong mrityu ebong amar jeeboner beshirbhag somoy aami jey samasta dayittoguli ediye jachchilam seguli mokabela korar dike mononibesh korey. etty ayna takano ebong dayitto neoar bishoye."

bhavya lohee grand blood aee american roqa benned doomridersnu triju studiyo album chhe. aaa album 15 october, october roj dathwish ink dwara rajoo karvaamaa aavyu hatoo. doomridersay doomridersay sharuaatmaa jaj "bhavya rakt" maate samagri lakhvaanu sharoo karyoo hatoo. curt bello-nirmeet album album "darkrey qama live" pachhi bendnee mool saamagreenu pratham prakaashan hashe, aneey drummer kyoo saathenu pratham album pann hashe, jeey benned cloudsnaa sabhy pann chhe. grand blood" naa prakaashan pahelaa, doomridersay aalbamna prachaar maate "deeda friends" noow online pravaah bahaar paadyo hato. gitaarvaadak aneey gaayak nett neuton dwara lakhaayelu geet "deeda friends" tenaa taajetarma mrutyu pamela chaar mitro vishe chhe. newtne kahyoo keey temne geet lakhvaano sampark kevee reete karvo teey khabar nathee aneey temane laambaa samaythi raah joee hatee. tene kahyoo, "huun nathee ichchato keey teey dukkhad hoya, huun ichchato hato keey teey aek ujavani hoya. huun tene sugar qota karvaa nathee jaee rahyo. teey dukkhad chhe. pann tame tamaaru aakhu jeevan dukkhmaa vitaavi shaktaa nathee."" bhavya rakt "nee khotnee theem vishe, newtne kahyoo," "reqorda vruddh thavaa aneey mrutyu aneey maaraa jeevannaa motabhagna samay darmiyan huun jeey javabdario sambhaali rahyo hato teno saamno karvaa parr dhyaan kendrit karey chhe". teey arisaamaa jovaa aneey javabdari levaa vishe chhe."

vishal rakt grand blood americi rock baind doomeriders kaa teesara studio album haye. album 15 octuber, 2013 koo deathwish ink key madhyam seey jaari kiya gayaa thaa. doomriders ney 2011 kii shuruat mein hii "bhavya rakt" key liye samagri likhana shuru curr diyaa thaa. curt bailou-nirmit album 2009 key "darkrey cumm live" key baad seey baind kii mool samagri kii pahali release hogi, aur drummer kyu key saath pahala album bhee hoga, joe baind clouds key sadasya bhee hain. grand blood" key release seey pahale, doomriders ney album koo badhaava dene key liye "dade friends" kii ack online stream jaari kii. gitarvadak aur gaayak nett neuton dwara likhaa gayaa, "mrit mitra" geet unake haal hii mein mrit doston mein seey chaar key baare mein haye. neuton ney kahaa kii unhein naheen pataa thaa kii geet likhane kaa tarika kaise jaanaa haye aur unhone lambe samay taka intezar kiya thaa. unhone kahaa, "main naheen chaahata thaa kii yeh dukhad hoe, main chaahata thaa kii yeh ack utsav hoe. main ise cheeni coat naheen karane jaa rhaa huun. yeh dukhad haye. lekin aap apana puuraa jeevan dukh mein naheen bitaa sakate."" bhavya rakt "key nuksan key vishay key baare mein, neuton ney kahaa," record umr badhane aur mrityu seey nipatane aur una sabhi jimmedariyon parr kendrit haye jinase main apane jeevan key adhikansh samay mein bhaag rhaa thaa. yeh darpan mein dekhane aur jimmedaari lene key baare mein haye."

dodda rakta grand blood american rock byaand doomridersna moorane studio album aagide. ee album annu october 15,2013 randu dethwish ink moolaka bidugade maadalaayitu. dumeriders dumeriders hindeye "grand blood" gaagi saahityavannu bareyalu praarambhisidaru. curt ballau-nirmita album 2009rahra "dark cum live" nantara bandna moola saahityada modala bidugadeyagide mattu drummer kyoo jotegina modala album aagalide, avaru byaand clouds sadasyaragiddare. grand blood" bidugadeyaguva modalu, doomriders ee album annu prachara maadalu "dead friends" naa anline stream annu bidugade maaditu. guitar vaadaka mattu gayaka nate neuton bareda "dead friends" haadu ittichege nidhanaraada avara naalku sneehitara bagge. haadannu bareyalu hege samparkisabeku endu tanage tilidilla mattu bahala samayadinda kayuttidde endu neuton helidaru. avaru helidaru, "idu dukkhakaravaagiralu naanu bayasalilla, idu ondu acharaneyagabekendu naanu bayasidde. naanu adannu sakkare lepanakke hakuvudilla. idu dukkhakaravaagide. aadare neevu nimma idee jivanavannu dukkhadalli kaleyalu sadhyavilla."" "dodda rakta" "dha nashtada vishayada bagge, neuton helidaru," "daakhaleyu vayassaadante mattu saavu mattu nanna jeevanada bahupalu naanu tirugaaduttidda ellah javaabdaarigalannu nibhayisuvudara mele kendrikarisuttade". idu kannadiyalli noduvudu mattu javaabdaariyannu tegedukolluvudu."

valia raktham. american roock baandaaya doomraidezhsinte moonnaamathe studiyo aalbamaan grand blud. 2013 october 15nuu dethwish incorporation vazhiyaan aalbam purathirangiyathu. doomidezhs 2011 muthal thanne "grand blud" ennathinaayi metteeriyal ezhuthaan thudangi. kurt baaloo nirmmicha aalbam 2009 leeii "dark kammi live" nuu sesham baandinte aadya yadhaartha metteeriyal releasyric, koodaathe baand klaudukalil amgamaaya drummer kyu ulla aadya albavum aayirikkum. grand blud" purathirangunnathinu munbu, doomridezhs aalbathinte prachaaranatthinaayi "dedd fronds" enna oonlain stream puratthirakki. gitaaristum gayikayumaaya nettu nyoottan ezhuthiya "dedd fronds" enna gaanam aduthide marichupoya addehathinte naalu suhruthukkalaanu. paatt engane ezhuthanamennu ariyillennum eare naalaayi kaathirikkukayaanennum nyoottan paranju. addeham paranju, "ithu sankadakaramaakaan njaan aagrahichilla, athu oru aakhoshamaayirikkanamennu njaan aagrahichu. njaan athu panchasaara kottu cheyyaan pookunnilla. athu sankadakaramaanu. ennaal ningalkk ningalude jeevitam muzhuvan dukhathil chelavazhikkaan kazhiyilla."" "mahathaaya raktham" "enna nashta prameyathekkurichu nyoottan paranju," "record prayamaakunnathilum maranathe kaikaaryam cheiyunnathilum ente jeevithathinte bhooribhaagavum njaan ozhivakkiya ellah utharavaadithangalilum shradha kendreekarikkunnu". athu kannaadiyil nokkunnathum utharavaaditham ettedukkunnathum aanu."

prachand rakt grand blood haah american rock band doomeriderscha tisra studio album aahe. haah album 15 aktoobar 2013 roji deathwish inkchya madhyamatoon pradarshit karnyat aala. doomeridersney 2011 chya suruvatipasunach 'bhavya rakt' sathee sahitya lihayala suruvat kelee. curt ballou-nirmit album haah 2009 chya 'darkrey qama live' nantar bandcha mool sahityacha pahila prakashan asel aanee drummer kyu saha pahila album dekhil asel, joou band claudscha sadasya dekhil aahe. grand blood' chya pradarshanapurvi, doomeridersney albumchya pracharasathi 'deed friends' chaa online pravah prakashit keela. gitarvadak aanee gayak nett neuton yanni lihilele 'deed friends' heey gaane tyachya nuktyach maran pavalelya chaar mitrambaddal aahe. newtonne sangitale qee tyala gaane lihinyasathi kase jayache heey mahit nahee aanee tyane barach kaal vaat pahili hotee. too mhanala, "mallah heey dukkhdayak vhayache navhate, mallah too eka utsav vhayacha hota. mea tyavar sakharkot karnar nahee. teey dukkhad aahe. pann tumhi tumche sampoorn ayushya dukkhat ghalavu shakat nahee."'bhavya rakt' yaa hanichya sankalpanebaddal, neuton mhanala," "heey abhilekh vruddhatva aanee mrutyu aanee mea majhya aayushyatil bahutansh jababdanyanpasun door jaat asalelya serve jababdanyancha samna karnyavar laksh kendrit karate". aarshat pahane aanee jababdari ghene yabaddal aahe."

thulo ragat grand blood americi ruck banned dumridersko tesro studio album how. album october 15,2013 maa deathwiss ink marfat jaari garieko thiyo. dumridersle sann 2011 ko suruma nai "grand blood" kaa lagi samagri lekhna thale. curt balau-nirmit album sann 2009 ko "darker cum laibh" pachhi bandko muel samagriko pahilo rilij hunechha, rar drummer kyuko sath pahilo album pani hunechha, jo banned claudko sadasya pani hun. grand blood" ko rilij hunuaghi, dumridersle albumko prachar garna "dead friends" ko unline stream jaari gare. gitarwadak rar gayak nete nyutandwara lekhieko, "dead friends" geet unka bharkharai mrit sathiharu madhye charjanako barema how. newtonle bhane kii unlai geet lekhne tarika thaha thiena rar lamo samayadekhi parkhiraheka thie. unle bhane, "mahm yo dukhad huna chahannan, mahm yo utsava huna chahanthen. mahm yasalai chiny kote garna gairaheko chhaina. yo dukhad chha. tara tapainle afno sampurna jiwan dukhama bitauna saknuhaunna."grand blood" ko hani wishayawastuko barema, newtonle bhane, "recordle budho hunu rar mrityu rar maile mero jiwanko adhikansh bhaglai chakmaundai gareko sabai jimmewariharusanga wyawahar garnama kendrit chha. yo ainama hernu rar jimmewari line barema how."

bishala rakta grand blood heuchhi americae rock banned dumridersra truteeja studio album . ehi album october 15,2013 ray dethwish ink madhyamare muktilabha karithila . domriders 2011 masiha thaaru "grand blad" paain bishajabastu lekhiba arambha karithile. court ballo-nirmita album 2009 masihar "darker comm live" parey bandre pratham moola samagrira muktilabha heba, ebong drummer kyunka saha pratham album madhya heba, jie kii banned claudra sadasya madhya . grand blood" rahr muktilabha purbaru, dumriders albummer prachara paain "mruta bandhu" nka eka unline stream jaari karithile. guiterbadaka ebong kanthashilpi nett nyutanka dwara likhita, "mruta bandhu" geetati tankara nikatare mrutyubarana karithiba chaari bandhunka madhyaru praiah. neuton kahithile je shay geetati lekhiba paain kipari jogajoga karibe jaani nahanti ebong dirgha samai dhari apekhya karithile. shay kahile, "mun chaahun nathili ehaa duhkhadajaka heu, mun chahunthili ehaa eka utsaba heu. mun ehaaku chini coat karibaku jauchhi naahin. ehaa duhkhadajaka. kintu apana saaraa zeeban duhkhare bitai paribe naahin."'grand blood' rahr bishajabastu bishajare neuton kahichanti," "recordti brudha heba ebong mrutyu ebong moe jeebner adhikansha samajare mun edai jauthiba samasta dajitwara mukabila upare dhyana deithae. ehaa darpanare dekhiba ebong dajitwa neba bishajare."

vishal khoon grand blood amriki raak baind dumriders dee tiji studio album haii. ih album 15 aktubar, 2013 noon dathwiss ink duaara jaari keeti gaee see. dumriders neey 2011 dey shuru witch hii "grand blood" laee samaggari likhni shuru qarr ditti see. curt bailo-produced album 2009 dey "darkrey qam live" toon baad baind dee asal samaggari dee pahili rileez hovegi, atey drummer kioo naal pahili album vee hovegi, joe kii baind clouds daa member vee haii. grand blood" dee rileez toon pahilan, dumriders neey album noon utshahit curran laee "dedd friends" dee ikk online stream jaari keeti. gitarvadak atey gaika nett neuton duaara likhiaa giaa, "dedd friends" geet uss dey haal hii witch maare gaye chaar dostan baare haii. neuton neey kiha kii uh naheen janade kii geet likhan laee kiven pahunch curney haii atey lambe samein toon intezar qarr rahey sunn. unhan neey kiha, "main naheen chahunda see kii ih dukhdai howay, main chahunda see kii ih ikk jashan howay. main iss noon shugar coat naheen curran jaa riha haan. ih dukhdai haii. parr tusin aapni saaree zindagi sog witch naheen bitaa sakde."mahaan khoon" dey nuksan dey vishe baare, neuton neey kiha, "ricard buddhe honn atey maut atey unhan saariaan zimmevariaan naal najithan 'teey kendrat karda haii joe main aapni zindagi dey ziaadaatar samein toon chukk riha see. ih shishe witch vekhan atey zimmevari lainn baare haii."

vishaalam raktam. grand blood iti american-raak-byaand-doomraders ityasya truteeyam studio-aalbam asti. 2013 october 15 dinaanke detwash ink ityasya madhyamena asya aalbam ityasya vimochanam krutam. doomaraders ityanena 2011 tamaat varshaat eva "grand blood" ityasya krute lekhanam aarabdham. curt-baallo-nirmitam aalbam 2009 tame varshe "dark-kamm-laiv" ityasya anantaram bend ityasya mool-saamagrim prathamavaaram prakaashitam bhavishyati, tathaa cha drummer-kyoo ityanena saha prathamam aalbam api bhavishyati, yah bend-clauds ityasya sadasyah api asti. grand blood" ityasya vimochanaat poorvam, doomaraders ityanena "daid freds" ityasya antarjaaliyam pravaaham prakaashitam, yena aalbam ityasya prachaarah bhavet. gitaar vaadaken gayakena cha nett newton ityanena likhitam "daid freds" iti geetam tasya sadya mrutaanaam mitranam chaturnam krute asti. newton ityeshah avadat yat saha gitasya lekhanam katham kartum jaanaati iti naa jaanaati sma, dirghakalam yaavat pratiksham akarot iti. saha avadat, "aham naa icchaami yat etat duhkhakaram bhavet, aham icchaami yat etat utsavam bhavet iti. aham tasya krute shakkarkot naa gamishyaami. duhkhah asti. parantu bhavaan sampoornam jeevanam dukhena naa vyateetum shaknoti."grand blood" iti nashtasy vishaye newton avadat, "abhilekhah vruddhah bhavitum, mrutyum, tathaa cha jeevanasya adhikaamsham kaalam aham yat sarvaan dayitvan vyagram aasit, teshaam vishaye cha kendritam asti. etat darpanam drushtum, daayitvam cha sveekrutya bhavati."

pirammaandamaana raththam. grand pilat enbathu america raak isaikkuzhuvin moontraavathu studio aalbamaagum. inththa aalbam october 15,2013 andru tethvish ink moolam veliyidappattathu. doomaridergal 2011 aam andilaeyae "grand pilat" kkaana porutkalai ezhuthath thodangkinar. curt ballu thayaarikkappatta aalbam 2009 aam aandin "dark qamm live" kkup piragu isaikkuzhuvin asal porulin muthal veliyeedaaga irukkum, maelum trummer kyoovudan muthal aalbamaagavum irukkum, avar isaikkuzhuvin maegangkalil uruppinaraagavum ullaar. grand pilat" veliyeettirku munbu, dumeriders aalpaththai vilambarappaduththa "tett fronds" inn anline streamai veliyittathu. kittar kalaignarum paatakarumaana naet neuton ezhuthiya "tett friends" endra paadal avarathu sameepaththil iranththa naanku nanbarkalaip pattriyathu. paadalai ezhuthuvathai eppadi anuguvathu endru thanakkuth theriyaathu endrum neenda kaalamaaga kaaththirunthathaagavum neuton koorinaar. avar koorinaar, "idhu sogamaaga iruppathai naan virumbavillai, idhu oru kondaattamaaga irukka vaendum endru naan virumbinaen. naan adhai sarkkarai code seiyap poavathillai. varuththamaaga irukkirathu. aanaal neengkal ungkal vaazhnaal muzhuvathaiyum thukkaththil kalikka mudiyaathu."" "pirammaandamaana raththam" "endra izhappu karupporulaip pattri neuton koorinaar," "inththa pathivu vayathaanathil kavanam seluththukirathu mattrum maranam mattrum enn vaazhkkaiyin perumbaguthiyai naan thisai tiruppiya anaitthu poruppugalaiyum kaiyaalgiradhu". idhu kannaadiyil paarppathu mattrum poruppai aetrtrukkolvathu pattriyathu."

goppa raktam. grand blood anedi american rock byaand dumriders nundi moodava studio album. eee album october 15,2013naa dethwish ink dwara vidudalaindi. doomariders 2011 lone "grand blood" kosam saahityam rayadam praarambhinchaaru. curt balau nirminchina album 2009 naati "dark kimm live" tarvaata byaand yokka modati asalu saahityam vidudala avutundi, mariyu byaand cloudslo sabhyudaina drummer q thoo modati album kooda avutundi. grand blood" vidudalaku mundu, dumriders albumnu pracharam cheyadaaniki "ded friends" yokka online streamnu vidudala chesindi. guitarist mariyu gayakudu nate neuton raasina "ded friends" paata iteevala maraninchina athani naluguru snehitula gurinchi. paata raayadaaniki elaa sampradinchaalo tanaku teliyadani, chaalaa kaalamgaa vechi unnaanani neuton chepparu. ayana ilaa annaru, "idhi vicharakaramga undaalani neenu korukoledu, idhi oka vaedukagaa undaalani neenu korukunnanu. neenu daanini shugarh coat cheyanu. badhaga undhi. conny meeru mea jeevitamantaa dukkhamlo gadapaleru."" "goppa raktam" "anae nashtam theem gurinchi, neuton ilaa annadu," "eee rikaardu vruddhaapyam mariyu maranam mariyu naa jeevitamlo ekkuva bhaagam neenu tittukuntunna anni baadhyatalatoo vyavaharinchadampai drushti pedutundi". idhi addamlo chudatam mariyu baadhyata teesukovadam gurinchi."

khoon azeem grend build americi raak bend domariders kaa teesra studio album hay. yaha album 15 aktobar 2013 kuu ddith wash incorporated kay zariye jaari kiyaa gayaa thaa. dome ryders nay 2011 kay awail mein hyee "grend build" kay liye mawaad likhna sharoo kirr diyaa thaa. curt belo say tayaar kardah album 2009 kay "daark kumm laiyo" kay baad say bend kii asl mawaad kii pehli release hogi aur dermer kiyo kay saath pehla album bhee hogaa juu bend clouds kaa rakan bhee hay. grend build" kii release say pehley dome ryders nay album kuu farogh deenay kay liye "deed friends" kaa eek aann line silsilah jaari kiyaa. gtarst aur gulukarah neet neuton kaa likhaa hawaa "deed friends" gaana inn kay haal hyee mein fout honay waalay chaar doston kay baaray mein hay. neuton nay kahaa kahh wah nahein jaantay kahh gaana likhnay kaa tariqah kisay malum kiyaa jaaye aur inhon nay kaafi arsey takk intezar kiyaa thaa. iss nay kahaa "mein nahein chahta thaa kahh yaha afsosnak how mein chahta thaa kahh yaha eek jashan how. mein asay shogar coat nahein karnay jaa rehaa hoan. afsoos naak hay. leakin aap apnee poori zindagi ghum mein nahein guzaar saktay."" azeem khoon "kay nqsan kay mozua kay baaray mein neuton nay kahaa" record bodha honay aur moth aur inn tamaam zamah daariyon say namatnay parr markoz hay jinn say mein apnee zindagi kay beshtar hasay mein ghabrata rehaa. yaha aayiney mein dekhnay aur zamah daari leenay kay baaray mein hay."

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43765828

2013–14 Cheltenham Town F.C. season

2013–14 Cheltenham Town F.C. season The 2013-14 season was the 127th season of Cheltenham Town's existence, and their fourteenth in the Football League since promotion from Conference National in 2000. League Two. Matches. The fixtures for the 2014–15 season were announced on 18 June 2014 at 9am. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

2013-14 cheltenheim taaun f.chi. ritu 2013-14 sijon aasil cheltenheim sohoror ostitwor 127tomo sijon, aaru 2000 sonot rastriyo xonmilonor poraa podunnoti puwar pisot football leegot teulukor soturdox sijon aasil. leeg dui. khelbur. 2014 sonor 18 junot puwa 9 bojat 2014-15 sijonor baabe fixcher ghuxona koraa hoisil.

2013-14 cheltenham shohor eff.shee. ritu 2013-14 morshum chhilo cheltenham shohorer astitter astitter morshum ebong 2000 saale jatiya sommelon theke padonnatir porr theke football lige taader chaturdash morshum. dwitiya leeg. match. 2014 saaler 18ee june sokal sokal 2014-15 morshumer jonno fixture ghoshana koraa hoy.

2013-14 cheltenham taaun aef.see. rutu 2013-14 season cheltenham nagarnaa astitvani 127mee season hatee, aneey 2000maan raashtriy parishadmathi badhatee malyaa pachhi football leegma temnee chaudami hatee. leag beey. match. 2014-15 season maate fixerni jaaherat 18 juuna 2014naa roj savaare 9 vaagye karvaamaa aavee hatee.

2013-14 cheltenham shahar f.see. mausam 2013-14 season cheltenham shahar key astitva kaa 127 vaan season thaa, aur 2000 mein rashtriya sammelan seey padonnati key baad seey football leag mein unakaa chaudahavaan season thaa. leag dou. match. 2014-15 season key liye fixture kii ghoshana 18 juuna 2014 koo subah 9 baje kii gaee thee.

2013-14 cheltenham pattana eff.sii. rtumaana 2013-14 rtuvu cheltenham pattanada astitvada 127neey rtuvagittu mattu 2000ralli rashtriya sammelanadinda badti padeda nantara football leagnalli avara hadinalkane rtuvagittu. leigh eradu. pandyagalu. 2014rahra zoon 18randu beligge 9 gantege <aii. dii. 1> rtuvina pandyagalannu ghooshisalaayitu.

2013-14 cheltenham shahar eff.see. rutoo 2013-14 hangam haah cheltenham shaharachya astitvacha 127 vaa hangam hota aanee 2000 madhye rashtriy parishadetoon padonnati midalyapasun football leegmadhil tyancha chaudavya hangam hota. leag done. samne. 18 juuna 2014 roji sakali 9 vajata 2014-15 hangamachya samnyanchi ghoshana karnyat aalee.

2013-14 cheltenham tauna f.see. mausam 2013-14 sijan cheltenham saharko astitwako 127 aun sijan thiyo, rar 2000 maa rashtriya sammelanbata padonnati bhaedekhi football ligma uniharuko chaudhaun thiyo. ligg dui. khelharu. 2014-15 sijanka lagi fixtureharu 18 june 2014 maa bihan 9 baje ghoshana garieko thiyo.

2013-14 cheltenham tauna f.sii. rutu 2013-14 rutu thila cheltenham saharar saharar rutu, ebong 2000 masihare jatiah sammilaneeru padonnati paiba paratharu football ligre semanankara chaturdasha rutu thila. ligg-2. match. 2014-15 sijin paain fixture 18 june 2014 ray sakaala sakaala ghoshana karajaithila .

2013-14 cheltenham taoon f.see. season 2013-14 season cheltenham taoon dee hond daa daa season see, atey 2000 witch conferences national toon tarakki toon baad football leeg witch uhanan daa chaudanvan season see. leeg doou. match. 2014-15 season laee fixture daa ailaan 18 juun 2014 noon savere 9 vaje keeta giaa see.

2013-14 cheltenhaam-nagaram f.sii. rutuhu. 2013-14 kreedaarutuh cheltenhaam-nagarasya astitvasya 127 tamah kreedaarutuh aasit, 2000 tame varshe rashtriya-sammelanat padonnateh anantaram football-leag-madhye teshaam chaturdashah kreedaarutuh aasit. leag-dwitayam. spardhaah. 2014-15 ityasya satrasya vinyaasah 2014 joon 18 dinaanke praatah 9 vaadane ghoshitah.

2013-14 seltenham down f.chii. paruvam 2013-14 season seltenham nagaram irunththa 127 vadhu seesanaagum, maelum 2000 aam aandil thaesiya maanaatil irunthu padhavi uyarvu petrtrathilirunthu kaalpandhu leakil avarkalin pathinaankaavathu seesanaagum. leak 2. poattikal. 2014-15 seesanukkaana poattikal juun 18,2014 andru kaalai 9 manikku arivikappattana.

2013-14 cheltenham town f.sii. season 2013-14 season anedi cheltenham pattanam unikilo 127va season, mariyu mariyu jaateeya samavesam nundi padoonnati pondinappati nundi football leaglo vaari padnaalugo season. leag rendu. matchlu. 2014-15 seasonku sambandhinchina myaachlanu 2014 juun 18naa udayam 9 gantalaku prakatinchaaru.

2013-14 cheltanham town f.see. mosam 2013-14 seezan cheltanham town kay wajood kaa 127 waan seezan thaa aur 2000 mein national conference say tarqi kay baad say fitt baal leeg mein inn kaa chudahwan seezan thaa. leeg duu. meech. 2014-15 seezan kay fixture kaa aalaan 18 joone 2014 kuu sabah 9 bajay kiyaa gayaa.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=4833687

Pizza Inn

Pizza Inn American pizza chain Pizza Inn is a Dallas-based restaurant chain and international food franchise, specializing in American-style pan pizza, pasta, and side dishes, owned by Rave Restaurant Group The company is based in the Dallas suburb of The Colony, Texas. At its peak, Pizza Inn had over 500 locations in 20 states. As of June 28, 2020, Pizza Inn had 252 stores within the United States, located primarily in towns within the Southern United States, and 38 stores internationally. History. In 1958, two Texas brothers, F.J. (Joe) and R. L. Spillman, opened the first Pizza Inn in Dallas. In the mid-1980s, the restaurant chain had a commercial deal with the Von Erich family, with Kerry Von Erich, Kevin Von Erich, and Mike Von Erich appearing in a series of televised commercials. In June 2011, Pizza Inn launched the fast casual restaurant Pie Five Pizza, which specializes in customizable pizzas that are made within five minutes, in Fort Worth, Texas. They had five locations within the Fort Worth area by the end of the year. As of January 2015, they had 31 locations. In October 2011, Pizza Inn opened their first of five planned Chinese locations in Hangzhou, China. Former PepsiCo and Yum! Brands executive Randy Gier joined the company in 2012. He served as CEO until 2016. On January 9, 2015, the parent company Pizza Inn Holdings (ticker symbol: "PZZI") was rebranded as a portfolio company named Rave Restaurant Group (ticker symbol: "RAVE") as Pie Five Pizza locations began to increase. In May 2018, Rave Restaurant Group opened its first PIE by Pizza Inn Express pizza kiosks with Delaware North at the Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport. On February 5, 2021, Pizza Inn reported improving sales amid hectic environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the period ending December 27, domestic same-store sales decreased from $18.95 million to $15.46 million, or 18.4 percent for the company, which is the chain's best performing quarter since the pandemic began. Pizza Inn also saw comparative sales drop 39 percent in the quarter ending June 28 and 22 percent in the quarter ending September 27. On January 5th, 2021, Pizza Inn released a 630 word statement regarding the company's concerns about the legitimacy of the 2020 US Presidential election. "Like most Americans, we are alarmed by the uncertainties and resulting lack of faith in our election system," CEO Brandon Solano said in the statement. While the release stated it was not advocating to overturn the election, Pizza Inn and its leadership expressed that "hastily certifying the results in Congress" was not "appropriate". The statement went on to advocate for specific changes to federal voting laws, including voter ID, the elimination of electronic voting machines, and the elimination of mail-in ballots. Following the events of January 6th, Pizza Inn apparently took down the press release from the PR Newswire website, though it was still accessible on the company's Facebook page. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

pizza inn pizza inn hoise ek dalas-aadharito resturent sein aaru antohrastriyo khadyo frensaiji, ji aamerikan xoilir penn pizza, pasta aaru side disor bixexogyo. companytu texaxor uponibexor dallax upo-oncholot owosthito. iyar xirxot, pizza inot 20khon rajyot 500ru odhik sthan aasil. 2020 sonor 28 junoloike, aamerika juktorastror bhitorot pizza inor 252taa dukan aasil, jibur mulotoh dokhyin aamerika juktorastror sohorxomuhot owosthito, aaru antohrastriyobhabe 38taa dukan aasil. itihax. 1958 sonot texaxor dujon bhatri ef.je. (ju) aaru aar. el. spielmane dollasot prothom pizza inkhon khulisil. 1980-ror doxokor majbhagot, resturent sringkholtuwe bhon irik poriyalor xoite ek banijyik sukti korisil, keree bhon irik, kebhin bhon irik, aaru maik bhon irik televisionor bigyaponor etaa sringkholat uposthito hoisil. 2011 sonor june maahot pizza inn-e fast kejuwel resturent paai five pizza mukoli korisil, ji paas minutor bhitorot toiyar koraa swonirdharonjugyo pijjar bixexogyo, texaxor fort warth. bosoror xexoloike durgor mulyor elekar bhitorot teulukor pasta sthan aasil. 2015 sonor january maholoike teulukor 31taa sthan aasil. 2011 sonor octobor maahot pizza inn-e seenor hangjhout teulukor pasta porikolpito china sthanor bhitorot prothomtu mukoli kore. purbor pepsiku aaru yum! brendor karzobahi rendy giyere 2012 sonot companytur xoite jugdan korisil. teu 2016 sonoloike chi. ee. oh 'hisape karzonirbah korisil. 2015 sonor 9 januaryt mool company pizza inn holdings (tikor sinhoh "pizzi") koo rebh resturent groop (tikor sinhoh "rebh") naamor etaa portof 'lo' yoy 'company hisape punor brending koraa hoisil kiyonu paai five pijjar sthan briddhi paboloi aarombho korisil. 2018 sonor mey "maahot rebh resturent groope pho 'rt ladardale-hollywod antohrastriyo bimanbondorot delawer uttoror xoite pizza inn express pizza kiyoskor dwara iyar prothom paai mukoli korisil. 2021 sonor 5 februaryt koo "vid-19 mohamarir xomoyot byosto poriwexor maajot pizza inot bikri unnot huwar khobor diya hoisil. 27 disemborot xex huwa xomoisuwat ghoruwa eke-dukanor bikri $18.95 millionor poraa $15.46 millionoloi hraax paisil, baa companytur baabe 18.4 xotangxo, jitu mohamari aarombho huwar pisor poraa sringkholtur xorbosrestho prodorxon koraa soturthangxo. pizza inot 28 junot xex huwa soturthangxot tulonamulok bikri 39 xotangxo aaru 27 septemborot xex huwa soturthangxot 22 xotangxo hraax paise.

pitza inn pitza inn ekti dalla-vittik restoran chein ebong antorjatik khaddo franchisee, jaa american-shailir pyana pitza, pasta ebong parshwa khabarer biseshoggo. companity texuser uponibesher dallas shohortolite abosthito. shirshe thakakalin, pitza inn-err 20tii rajye rajye beshi sthan chhilo. 2020 saaler 28shhey june porjonto, pitza inn-err markin juktorashtrer modhye 252tii dokan chhilo, jaa mulat dakkhin markin juktorashtrer shahargulite abosthito ebong antorjatikbhabe 38tii dokan chhilo. itihas. 1958 saale, dui texus bhai, eff.jeey. (jooe) ebong arr. ell. spielman, dalla prothom pitza inn kholen. 1980-err doshoker majhamajhi somoye, restoran cheiner vone erik poribarer saathe ekti banijyik chukti chhilo, jekhane kerry vone erik, kevin vone erik ebong maik vone erik television biggapone uposthito chhilen. 2011 saaler june maase, pitza inn druto naimittik restoran paai five pitza chaalu korey, jaa texuser phorta oyarthe panch minuter modhye toiri kastomaijoggo pizza biseshoggo. bochorer shesh nagad durger modhye taader panchti abosthan chhilo. 2015 saaler januari porjonto, taader 31tii abosthan chhilo. 2011 saaler octobore, pitza inn cheener hangjhute taader panchti porikolpito cheena abosthaner modhye prothomti khole. praktan pepsico ebong iam! brander nirbahi randy gear 2012 saale companyte jog deena. tini 2016 saal porjonto ceo hisabe dayitto palon corren. 2015 saaler 9ee januari, pitza inn holdingser mool companytike (ticker protikoh "pitzi") rebha restoran group (ticker protikoh "rebha") naame ekti portfolio sangostha hisabe punra branned koraa hoyechilo kaaron paai five pitzer abosthanguli briddhi petey shuru korey. 2018 saaler meey maase, rebha restoran group phorta lauderdale-hollywood antorjatik bimanbandare delaoar uttorer saathe pitza inn eksapresa pitza kiosk dwara taar prothom paai khole. 2021 saaler 5ee february, pitza inn covid-19 mahamari chalakalin byasto poribesher modhye bikrir unnoti koreche boley janiyeche. 27shhey december shesh howar samaykale, deshiya ekoi dokaner bikroy $18.95 million theke komey $15.46 million, baa companyr jonno 18.4 shotangsho, jaa mahamari shuru howar porr theke cheiner sera performing quarter. pitza inn-err bikrio 28shhey june shesh haoya troimasike 39 shotangsho ebong 27shhey septembara shesh haoya troimasike 22 shotangsho komeche.

pizza ina pizza ina aee dalla-aadharit restaurant chain aneey aantarrashtriy food franchisee chhe, jeey american-shaileena paan pizza, paasta aneey side dishmaa nishnaat chhe. aaa kampani taxasni vasaahatnaa dallas upnagarmaa stheet chhe. tenee toach parr, pizza dharamshalama 20 rajyoma 500 thee vadhu sthalo hataa. 28 juuna, 2020 sudhimaa, pizza inanee united statesma 252 dukaano hatee, jeey mukhyatve dakshin united statesnaa nagaromaa stheet hatee aneey aantarrashtriy stare 38 dukaano hatee. itihas. 1958maan taxasna beey bhaaio, aef.jeey. (jooe) aneey aar. aela. spielmene dallama pratham pizza dharamshala kholee. 1980naa daykana madhyamaa, restaurant chainno voona erick parivaar saathe vyaapaari sodo thayo hato, jemaa keree voona erick, cavin voona erick aneey mike voona erick television jaaheratoni shreneema dekhaaya hataa. juuna 2011maan, pizza inae phasta casual restaurant paai five pizza sharoo curry, jeey customise curry shakaay tevaa pizama nishnaat chhe, jeey phorta varth, taxasma paanch minutema banavvama aave chhe. varshnaa anta sudhimaa keellana vistaarmaa temnee paase paanch sthalo hataa. january 2015 sudhimaa, temnee paase 31 sthalo hataa. october 2011maan, pizza inae cheennaa hangzouma paanch aayojit cheeni sthalomathi pratham sthal kholyu hatoo. bhutpurv pepsico aneey yama! brandnaa executive rendy gear 2012maan companyma jodaya hataa. temane 2016 sudhee ceo tareeke sevaa aapee hatee. 9 january, 2015naa roj, mool kampani pizza ina holdings (ticker pratikah "pizzy") neey reeva restaurant jooth (ticker pratikah "reeva") naamnee portfolio kampani tareeke rebrand karvaamaa aavee hatee kaaran keey paai five pizza sthaano vadhvaa laagya hataa. meey 2018maan, reeva restaurant groupe phorta lauderdale-hollywood aantarrashtriy hawaimathak parr delaware uttar saathe pizza ina express pizza kiosk dwara tenee pratham paai kholee hatee. 5 februari, 2021naa roj, covid-19 rogchaalaa darmiyan vyast vatavaran vachche pizza inanaa vechaanmaa sudhaaro thayo hovaanu nondhayu hatoo. 27 decembernaa roj puuraa thayela samaygalama, sthaaneek samaan-storenu vechaan $18.95 millionthi ghateene $15.46 million athavaa kampani maate 18.4 takaa thayu, jeey rogchaalo sharoo thayo tyaarthi aaa shreneenu shreshth pradarshan karatu trimasik chhe. 28 junanaa roj puuraa thayela trimasik gaadaama pizza inanu tulnaatmak vechaan pann 39 takaa aneey 27 septembernaa roj puuraa thayela trimasik gaadaama 22 takaa ghatyu hatoo.

pizza saraay pizza inn ack dalla-adharit restaraan shrinkhala aur antarrashtriya khaadya franchisee haye, joe americi shally key paine pizza, paasta aur side dish mein visheshagyata rakhti haye. company coloney, texas key upnagar dallas mein sthit haye. apane charam parr, pizza saraay mein 20 raajyon mein 500 seey adhik sthaan they. 28 juuna, 2020 taka, pizza saraay mein sanyukt raajya america key bheetar 252 store they, joe mukhya roop seey dakshini sanyukt raajya america key shaharon mein sthit they, aur antarrashtriya star parr 38 store they. itihas. 1958 mein, dou texas bhaai, aff.jey. (joe) aur aar. ell. spielman ney dallas mein pahala pizza saraay khola. 1980 key dashak key madhya mein, restaraan shrinkhala kaa wonn erich parivaar key saath ack vaanijyik sauda thaa, jisamen kerrie wonn erich, cavin wonn erich aur mike wonn erich television vigyapanon kii ack shrinkhala mein dikhaai diye. juuna 2011 mein, pizza inn ney fast casual restaraan paaee five pizza launch kiya, joe customise pizza mein visheshagyata rakhta haye joe paanch minut key bheetar, fort varth, texas mein banaae jaate hain. varsh key anta taka unake paas kille key kshetra key bheetar paanch sthaan they. janwari 2015 taka, unake paas 31 sthaan they. octuber 2011 mein, pizza saraay ney chean key hangjhou mein paanch niyojit cheeni sthaanon mein seey apana pahala khola. poorv pepsico aur yama! brand key karyakari randy gear 2012 mein company mein shamil hue. unhone 2016 taka ceo key roop mein kaary kiya. 9 janwari, 2015 koo mool company pizza inn holdings (ticker prateekah "peezee") koo rev restaraan samooh (ticker prateekah "rev") naamak ack portfolio company key roop mein rebrand kiya gayaa kyonki paaee five pizza sthaanon mein vriddhi shuru hui. maee 2018 mein, rev restaraan samooh ney fort lauderdale-hollywood antarrashtriya havaai adde parr delaware uttar key saath pizza inn express pizza kiyosk dwara apana pahala paaee khola. 5 farwari, 2021 koo, covid-19 mahamari key dauran vyast vatavaran key beach pizza saraay ney bikri mein sudhaar kii soochana dee. 27 disambar koo samaapt honey vaali avadhi mein, gharelu samaan-dukaan kii bikri $18.95 million seey ghatkar $15.46 million hoe gaee, yaa company key liye 18.4 pratishat, joe mahamari shuru honey key baad seey shrinkhala kii sabse achchha pradarshan karane vaali timahi haye. pizza inn kii bikri mein bhee 28 juuna koo samaapt timahi mein 39 pratishat aur 27 sitambar koo samaapt timahi mein 22 pratishat kii girawat dekhi gaee.

pizza inn pizza inn embudu dallas-aadhaarita restaurant sarapali mattu antararashtriya aahara franchise aagiddu, idu american sailiya pyaan pizza, pasta mattu side dishgalalli parinati hondide. ee kampaniyu texasna vasaahatu pradeshada dallas upanagaradallide. pizza inn tanna uttungadalliddaaga, 20 rajyagalli 500kkoo hecchu sthalagalannu hondittu. zoon 28,2020 rahra hottige, pizza inn united statesnalli 252 maligegalannu hondiddu, mukhyavaagi daksina united statesna pattanagalli ide mattu antararashtriya mattadalli 38 maligegalannu hondide. itihaasa. 1958ralli, ibbaru texas sahodararu, eff.zhe. (zoo) mattu aarr. ell. spielman, dallasnalli modala pizza inn annu teredaru. 1980rahra dashakada madhyabhaagadalli, restaurant sarpaliyu vaan erich kutumbadondige vanijya oppandavannu hondittu, kerry vaan erich, kevin vaan erich mattu mike vaan erich dooradarshanada jaahiraatugala saranialli kanisikondaru. zoon 2011 ralli, pizza inn phaast casual restaurant paie five pijjavannu praarambhisitu, idu aidu nimishagalalli, fort worth, texasnalli tayarisabahudada customise maadabahudaada pijjagalalli parinati hondide. varshada antyada velege avaru koteya moulyada pradeshadolage aidu sthalagalannu hondiddaru. janavari 2015rahra velege, avaru 31 sthalagalannu hondiddaru. october 2011 ralli, pizza inn cheenaada hyaangjhounalli aidu yojita cheenee stalagalalli modalaneyadannu tereyitu. hindina pepsico mattu umm! brandna karyanirvahaka adhikari randi gear 2012ralli kampanige seridaru. avaru 2016ravarege sii. ii. oo. aagi seve sallisidaru. janavari 9,2015 randu, moola kampani pizza inn holdings (tikkar chihneh "pizzie") annu rave restaurant group (tikkar chihneh "rave") emba portfolio kampaniyagi marubrand maadalaayitu, ekendare paie five pizza sthalagalu hechchagalu praarambhisidavu. mayee 2018 ralli, rave restaurant gumpu fort lauderdale-hollywood antararashtriya vimaana nildaanadalli delaware uttaradondige pizza inn express pizza keoskgala moolaka tanna modala paie annu tereyitu. 2021rahra phebravari 5randu, pizza inn covid-19 saankraamikada samayadalli biduvillada vatavaranada naduve maaraatavannu sudhaariside endu varadi maadide. december 27kke konegonda avadhiyalli, deshiya onde-angadia maaraatavu $18.95 dashalakshadinda $15.46 dasalakshakke athawa kampanige 18.4 pratishatadashtu kadimeyaayitu, idu saankraamika rogavu praarambhavaadaagininda sarpaliya atyuttama pradarshana needuva traimaasikavaagide. zoon 28kke konegonda traimasikadalli pizza inn maaraatavu shekada 39rashtu mattu september 27kke konegonda traimasikadalli shekada 22rashtu kusita kandide.

pissa inn american shailiyilulla paan pissa, paastha, side vibhavangal ennivayil vaidagdhyam nediya dallas adhishtitha restorant shringalayum anthaaraashtra phudu franchisiyumaanu pissa inn. texasile kolaniyude praanthapradeshamaaya dallasilaanu kambani sthithi cheiyunnathu. athinte ettavum uyarnna samayat, 20 samsthaanangalilaayi 500-ladhikam sthalangal pissa sathrathilundaayirunnu. 2020 juun 28 vareyulla kanakkukal prakaram, pissa innukalkku american aikyanaadukalil 252 storukalum, pradhaanamaayum thekkan american aikyanaadukalile pattanangalilum, anthaaraashtrathalathil 38 storukalumundu. charithram. 1958ll texasile rund sahodaranmaraaya eph.jeey. (joou), aarr. ell. spillman, dallasil aadyathe pissa inn thurannu. 1980 kalude madhyathil, restorant shringalaykku voonn erichu kudumbavumaayi oru vaanijya karar undaayirunnu, kerry voonn erichu, kevin voonn erichu, mike voonn erichu enniva television parasyangalude oru parambarayil prathyakshappettu. 2011 juunil, pissa inn phaast kashwal restorant paii five pissa aarambhichu, ithu anchu minittinullil fort varthil texacil nirmmikkunna ishtaanusrithamaakkaavunna pissakalil vaidagdhyam nedunnu. varshaavasaanathode kottayude moolyamulla pradeshathu avarkk anchu sthalangalundaayirunnu. 2015 januvariyile kanakkanusarichu avarkk 31 sthalangalundaayirunnu. 2011 octoberil, chainayile haangshouvil aasoothranam cheytha anchu chainees lokkeshanukalil aadyathethu pissa inn thurannu. muun pepsico yum! brand executive randy jear 2012ll kambaniyil chernnu. 2016 vare addeham sii. iii. oo aayi sevanamanushtichu. 2015 januvari 9 nuu, paii five pissa lokkeshanukal vardhikkaan thudangiyappol, maathru kambaniyaaya pissa inn holdingukal (ticker chihnam "pisi") rave restorant group (ticker chihnam "rave") enna perilulla oru portfolio kambaniyaayi rebrand cheythu. 2018 meyy maasathil, rave restorant group fort loaderdale-hollywood anthaaraashtra vimaanathaavalathil delaware nortthinoppam pissa inn express pissa keoskukal upayogichu aadyathe paii thurannu. 2021 februvari 5 nuu, covid-19 mahamari samayat tirakkeriya anthareekshathinidayil pissa inn vilppana mechappettathaayi report cheythu. desember 27 nuu avasaanicha kaalayalavil, aabhyanthara ore store vilppana $18.95 dashalakshathil ninnu $15.46 dashalakshamaayi kuranju, allengil kambaniye sambandhichidatholam 18.4 shathamaanamaayi, ithu pakarchavyaadhi aarambhichathinusesham shringalayude ettavum mikacha prakadanam kaazhchavaykkunna paadamaanu. juun 28nuu avasaanicha paadatthil 39 sathamaanavum septambar 27nuu avasaanicha paadatthil 22 sathamaanavum pissa inn vilppanayil kuravundaayi.

pizza inn pizza inn hii eka dalla-aadharit upahargruh sakhali aanee aantarrashtriy khadya franchisee aahe, jee american shailitil panne pizza, pasta aanee side dishmadhye vishesh aahe. hii company texaschya colonychya dallas upnagarat sthit aahe. tyachya shikharavar asatana, pizza dharamshalet 20 rajyanmadhye 500 hoon adhik thikane hotee. 28 juuna 2020 paryant, pizza inchi americet 252 dukane hotee, jee pramukhyane dakshin united statesmadhil shaharanmadhye hotee aanee aantarrashtriy staravar 38 dukane hotee. itihas. 1958 madhye texasche done bhau, eff.jeey. (joou) aanee aar. ell. spielmanne dallamadhye pahili pizza inn ughadali. 1980 chya dashakachya madhyat, restaurant sakhalicha wonn erich kutumbashi vyavsayik karar jhaala hota, jyat keerii wonn erich, kevin wonn erich aanee mike wonn erich durchitravanivaril jahiratinchya malikanmadhye disale. juuna 2011 madhye, pizza inane phasta casual restaurant paee five pizza suru kele, jeey texaschya phorta varthmadhye paach minitant banavalelya sanukool pizzamadhye tadnya aahe. varshakheris killyachya kshetramadhye tyanchi paach thikane hotee. janewari 2015 paryant tyanchyakade 31 thikane hotee. aktoobar 2011 madhye, pizza inane chinmadhil hangzou yethe tyanchi paach niyojit chiinii thikananpaiki pahili jaaga ughadali. majee pepsico aanee yama! brandche karyakari randy gear 2012 madhye companyt ruju jhaale. tyanni 2016 paryant mukhya karyakari adhikari mhanoon kaam kele. 9 janewari 2015 roji, mool company pizza inn holdings (tikarah "peasy") chee rave restaurant group (tikarah "rave") navachi portfolio company mhanoon punarnamkaran karnyat aale kaaran paee five pizzachi thikane vadhu lagali. meey 2018 madhye, rave restaurant samoohane phorta lauderdale-hollywood aantarrashtriy vimantalavar delaware uttarasah pizza inn express pizza kiyoskdware tyache pahile paay ughadale. 5 februwari 2021 roji, pizza inane covid-19 mahamarichya kalat vyagra vatavaranat vikri sudharalyachi nond kelee. 27 december roji sampalelya kalavadhit, deshantargat samaan-dukanachi vikri $18.95 dashalaksh varoon $15.46 dashalaksh kinwa companysathi 18.4 takke itaki qamee jhaali, jee mahamari suru jhalyapasun sakhalichi sarvottam kamgiri karnari timahi aahe. 28 juuna roji sampalelya timahit pizza inchya vikreet 39 takke aanee 27 september roji sampalelya timahit 22 takke ghat jhaali.

pizza inn pizza inn ek dallas-adharit resturant chenn rar antarrashtriya khana franchisee how, june americi shailiko pyan pizza, pasta, rar side dishharuma visheshagyata prapta chha. company teksasko upaniweshko dallas upanagarma adharit chha. yasako charam samayama, pizza inma 20 rajyaharuma 500 bhanda badhi sthanharu thie. june 28,2020 samma, pizza inko sanyukta rajya amerikabhitra 252 storeharu thie, june mukhyataya dakshini sanyukta rajya amerikabhitraka saharharuma awasthit thie, rar antarrashtriya rupma 38 storeharu thie. itihas. sann 1958 maa, dui texas dajubhaiharu, ef.jey. (jo) rar arr. ell. spielmanle dallasma pahilo pizza inn khole. sann 1980 ko dashakko madhyama, resturant shringkhalale bhon erich pariwarsanga wyawasayik samjhauta gareko thiyo, keri bhon erich, kebhin bhon erich rar mick bhon erich television vigyapanharuko shrinkhalama dekha pareka thie. june 2011 maa, pizza inley fast casual resturant pai faibh pizza suru garyo, june customisable pizzama visheshagyata rakhchha june paanch minet bhitra, fort worth, texasma banainchha. warshako antyasammama tiniharusanga killako mulya khetrabhitra paanch sthanharu thie. janawari 2015 samma, tiniharusanga 31 sthanharu thie. october 2011 maa, pizza inley chinko hangjhauma paanch yojanabadha chiniyan sthanharu madhye pahilo kholyo. purva pepsiko rar yam! brandka karyakari randy jiyar sann 2012 maa companyma samel bhae. unle sann 2016 samma siioko rupma sewa gare. janawari 9,2015 maa, muel company pizza inn holdingharu (tiker pratikah "pizzi") lai rebh resturant samuha (tiker pratikah "rebh") namak portfolio companyko rupma punah brand garieko thiyo kinki pai faibh pizza sthanharu badhna thale. mey 2018 maa, rebh resturant samuhale fort lauderdale-holywood antarrashtriya vimansthalma delaware uttarsanga pizza inn express pizza kiyoskharudwara afno pahilo pai kholyo. february 5,2021 maa, pizza inley covid-19 mahamariko samayama wyasta watawaranko bichma bikrima sudhar bhaeko report garyo. december 27 maa samapta bhaeko awadhima, gharelu saman-store bikri $18.95 millionbata $15.46 millionma ghatyo, wa companyka lagi 18.4 pratishat, june mahamari suru bhaedekhi shringkhalako sabaibhanda ramro pradarshan garne traimasik how. pizza inko bikri pani june 28 maa samapta traimasikma 39 pratishat rar september 27 maa samapta traimasikma 22 pratishatle ghateko chha.

pizza inn pizza inn heuchhi eka dalla-aadharita resturant chenn ebong antarjatija khadya franchise, jaahaa americae saileera paan pizza, pasta ebong parswa byanjanare bisheshagya . ehi company texas upanibesara dalas upakanthare abasthita. ehara sheershare thiba samajare, pizza inre 20tii rajyare 500ru adhika sthana thila. june 28,2020 suddha, pizza inra 252tii store juktarastra america madhyare thila, jaahaa mukhyatah dakhina juktarastra americara saharagudikare abasthita, ebong 38tii store antarjatija starare thila. itihas. 1958 masihare texacer dui bhai, aif.jay. (joe) ebong aarr. ell. spielman, dallasre pratham pizza inn kholithile. 1980 dashkar madhyabhagare, resturant shrunkhalara bhann erich paribara sahita eka banijyika chukti hoithila, jeunthire keree bhann erich, kebhin bhann erich ebong mick bhann erich television bigyapana shrunkhalare upasthita hoithile. june 2011 ray, pizza inn fast casual resturant paai five pizza arambha karithila, jaahaa texas ray, fort warthare, pancha minute madhyare tiari heuthiba swatantra pijjare bisheshagya . barsha shesh suddha durgara mulya khetra madhyare semanankara panchti sthana thila . januari 2015 suddha, semanankara 31tii sthana thila. october 2011 ray, pizza inn cheenara hangjhure semanankara panchti jojanabaddha chainij sthana madhyaru pratham kholithila . purbatana pepsico ebong yum! brander karjyanirbahee randi gear 2012ray companyre joga deithile. shay 2016 parjyanta ceo bhabe karjya karithile. januari 9,2015 ray, moola company pizza inn holding (ticker prateekah "pizzi") ku rebh resturant group (ticker prateekah "rebh") namaka eka portfolio company bhabare punah brand karajaithila kaaran paai five pizza sthana brudhi paiba arambha hoithila . meey 2018 ray, rebh resturant group ehara pratham paai baai pizza inn express pizza kiosk kholithila, jaahaa fort lauderdale-hollywood antarjatija bimanabandarare delawejara uttarare thila. 2021 februari 5 tarikhare, pizza inn kovida-19 mahamari samajare byastabahula paribesha madhyare bikrire unnati ghataithiba suchana deithila. december 27 ray shesh hoithiba abadhire, gharoi samaana-store bikrai $18.95 nijutaru $15.46 nijutaku hrass paichi, kimba company paain 18.4 pratishata, jaahaa mahamari arambha heba paratharu shrunkhalara sarbottama pradarshan traimasa . june 28ray shesh hoithiba trajamasikare pizza inn bikri madhya 39 pratishata ebong september 27ray shesh hoithiba trajamasikare 22 pratishata hrass paichi.

pizza inn pizza inn ikk dallas-adharat restaurant chenn atey antarashtari food franchisee haii, joe amriki shaili dey paen pizza, pasta atey side dish witch muharat rakkhdi haii. company taxas dey basti dey upnagar dallas witch sathit haii. aapne sikhar 'teey, 20 raajan witch 500 toon vaddh sathanan' teey pizza inn see. 28 juun, 2020 takk, sanyukat raaj amrica dey ander 252 store, mukkh taur utte dakkhni sanyukat raaj dey kasbiaan witch sathit, atey antarashtari paddhar utte 38 store, pizza inn dey sunn. itihaas. 1958 witch taxas dey doou bharaa, eff.jey. (joe) atey aar. aill. spielman neey dallas witch pahila pizza inn kholhiaa. 1980 dey dahake dey maddh witch, restaurant chenn daa vaan erik parivaar naal ikk vaparak sauda see, jiss witch carrie vaan erik, kevin vaan erik atey mike vaan erik television vigiaapnan dee ikk luddy witch dikhai ditte sunn. juun 2011 witch, pizza inn neey faast casual restaurant paaee five pizza dee shuruat keeti, joe taxas witch panj mintan dey ander-ander banaae jaanh vaale customizable pizza witch muharat rakkhda haii. saal dey ant takk uhanan cole kilhe dey khetar dey ander panj sathaan sunn. janwari 2015 takk, uhanan cole 31 sathaan sunn. aktubar 2011 witch, pizza inn neey cheen dey hangzhou witch panj yojnabadh cheeni sathanan vicchon aapna pahila sathaan kholhiaa. sabka pepsico atey yamm! brand dey karajkari randy geear 2012 witch company witch shamal hoye. unhan neey 2016 takk see. ee. ou. vajon seva nibhai. 9 janwari, 2015 noon, mool company pizza inn holdings (tikkar chinnh "peezi") noon rev restaurant group (tikkar chinnh "rev") namak ikk portfolio company dey roop witch dubara brand keeta giaa see kiunki paaee panj pizza sathanan witch vaadha honaa shuru hoow giaa see. maee 2018 witch, rev restaurant samooh neey fort lauderdale-hollywod antarashtari havaai adde 'teey delaware uttar dey naal aapna pahila paaee baaee pizza inn express pizza kyosk kholhiaa. 5 farvari, 2021 noon, covid-19 mahamari dauran viasat vatavaran dey vichkaar, pizza inn neey vikri witch sudhar dee report keeti. 27 dasambar noon khatam honn vaale samein witch, gharelu ikko-store dee vikri $18.95 million toon ghatt keey $15.46 million, jaan company laee 18.4 pratishat hoow gaee, joe kii mahamari shuru honn toon baad luddy dee sabh toon vadhiaa pardarshan curran vaali timahi haii. 28 juun noon khatam hoee timahi witch pizza inn dee vikri witch 39 pratishat atey 27 satambar noon khatam hoee timahi witch 22 pratishat dee girawat aaee haii.

pizzaa inn pizzaa inn iti dallas-aadharitam bhojanaalay-shrunkhalaa, antarashtriya-khaadya-fraanchaijee cha asti, yat american-shailyaah paan-pizzaa, pasta, said-dish ityeteshu visheshadnyah asti. eshaa kampanee texas-nagarasya dallas-upanagarasy upaniveshe asti. shikharasamaye pizzaa-inn ityasya 20 raajyeshu 500 taha adhikaani sthanani aasan. 2020 joon 28 dinaankaparyantam pizzaa-inn ityasya samyuktarajyamerika-deshe 252 bhandaarah aasan, ye mukhyataya dakshina-samyuktarajyamerika-deshasya nagareshu sthitaah, antarashtriya-stare 38 bhandaraha cha aasan. itihaasah. 1958 tame varshe texas-deshasya dwau bhraatuh, cha.jey. (jo) tathaa cha aar. a. spielman ityayam dallas-nagare prathamam pizzaa-inn udghaatayat. 1980 tamasya dashakasy madhyabhaage, bhojanaalayasy shrunkhalaayaah vaan-rikk-parivaaren saha vaanijya-vyavahaarah aasit, yatra keree-vaan-rikk, kevin-vaan-rikk, maik-vaan-rikk cha dooradarshan-vijnaapana-shrunkhalaasu drushyante sma. 2011 joon-maase, pizzaa-inn-samsthayaa faast-kejuyal-bhojanalaya, pai-faiv-pizzaa iti udghaatitam, yat texas-deshasya fort-vart ityasmin panchanimesheshu nirmiteshu customasable-pizzaa-ityasmin visheshadnyah asti. varshasya ante durgasya kshetrasya antah teshaam pancha sthanani aasan. 2015 janavaree-maasaparyantam teshaam 31 sthanani aasan. october 2011 tame varshe, pizzaa-inn iteedam chinadeshasya haang-zau-nagare pancha niyojita-cheeni-sthaaneshu prathamam udghaatitam. poorvam pepsiko tathaa yam! brand-ityasya karyakarihi rendy geeyar 2012 tame varshe kampanee-madhye sammilitah. saha 2016 tamavarshaparyantam see. ee. o. rupena karyam krutavaan. 2015 janavaree 9 dinaanke, mool-kampanee pizzaa inn holdings (ticker-chihnam "pizzie") rev-bhojanaalay-samoohah (ticker-chihnam "rev") iti portfolio-kampanee iti punah brand krutam, yatah peefza-sthanani panchapijjaa-sthanani vardhayitum aarabdhaani. 2018 mey-maase rev-bhojanaalay-samoohah, fort-lauder-dell-hollywood-antaaraashtriyavimaanastha delaware-uttarena saha pizzaa-inn-express-pizzaa-kiosk-dwara prathamam pai udghaatayat. 2021 februvari 5 dinaanke, pizzaa-inn ityanena covid-19 mahamarikale vyastasya vaataavaranasya madhye vikrayane sudhaarah abhavat iti soochitam. december 27 dinaanke samaapte kaale, deshiya-samaan-bhandaar-vikrayanam $18.95 dashalakshat $15.46 dashalaxam, athavaa kampenee-krute 18.4 pratishatam yaavat nyunikrutam, yat mahamarihi aarabhy shrunkhalaayaah sarvottama-pradarshana-traimasikam vartate. joon 28 dinaanke samaapte traimaasike pizzaa inn ityasya vikrayanam 39 pratishatam, september 27 dinaanke samaapte traimaasike 22 pratishatam cha nyoonam abhavat.

beetcha inn beetcha inn enbathu america paani paan beetcha, bastha mattrum pakka unavugal aagiyavattril nibunaththuvam pettra oru dalla adippadaiyilaana unavaga sangkili mattrum sarvadesa unavu urimaiyaagum. inthniruvanam texassin kaalaniyin dallas puranagarp paguthiyil amainthullathu. adhan uchchaththil, beetcha saththiram 20 maanilangkalil 500 kkum maerpatta idangkalaik kondirundhadhu. juun 28,2020 nilavarappadi, beetcha inn americavil 252 kadaikalaiyum, muthanmaiyaaga therku amerikkaavirkul ulla nagarangalil amainthulla 38 kadaikalaiyum sarvadesa alavil kondirundhadhu. varalaaru. 1958 aam aandil, irandu texas cakoothararkal, eff.jay. (joow) mattrum aarr. ell. spielman, dallassil muthal beetcha viduthiyaith thiranthaar. 1980 kalin naduppaguthiyil, unavaga sangkili vaan erik kudumbaththudan oru vaniga oppanthaththaik kondirundhadhu, kerry vaan erik, kevin vaan erik mattrum maik vaan erik aagiyoar thodar tholaikaatchi vilambarangkalil thoantrinar. juun 2011 ill, beetcha inn phaast keshuval unavaga paii five peetchaavai arimugappaduththiyathu, idhu ainthu nimidangalukkul, fort vorth, texacil thayaarikkappadum thanippayanakkakkoodiya peessaakkalil nibunaththuvam pettrathu. aandu iruthikkul koattai mathippulla pakuthikkul avarkal ainthu idangkalaik kondirunthanar. janavari 2015 nilavarappadi, avai 31 idangkalaik kondirunthana. october 2011 ill, beetcha saththiram chinaavin hangjovil thittamidappatta ainthu seena idangkalil muthal idaththaith thiranthathu. munnaal pepsico mattrum yamm! brandin nirvaagiyaana randy kier 2012 aam aandil niruvanaththil saernthaar. avar 2016 varai thalaimai nirvaaga athikaariyaaga paniyaattrinaar. janavari 9,2015 andru, thaai niruvanamaana beetcha inn holdings (dicker chinnam "bissie") rave unavagak kuzhu (dicker chinnam "rave") endra portfolio niruvanamaaga marupeyaridappattathu, aenenil paii ainthu beetcha idangkal athikarikkath thodangkina. mae 2018 ill, rave unavagak kuzhu fort laudertale-hollywood sarvadesa vimaana nilaiyaththil delaware vadakkil beetcha inn express beetcha keoskugal moolam thanathu muthal paii thiranthathu. pipravari 5,2021 andru, koovit-19 thottrunoaikalin poathu parabarappaana soozhalukku matthiyil beetcha inn virpanaiyai maempaduththuvathaaka ariviththathu. disambar 27 aam thaethiyudan mudivadaintha kaalakattathil, oray kadaiyin ullnaattu virpanai $18.95 millionil irunthu $15.46 milliyanaaga kurainthathu, allathu niruvanaththirku 18.4 sathaveethamaagak kurainthathu, idhu thottrunoai thodangiyathilirunthu sangkiliyin sirantha seyalthiran kaalaandaagum. juun 28 aam thaethiyudan mudivadaintha kaalaandil beetcha inn 39 sathaveethamum, septumber 27 aam thaethiyudan mudivadaintha kaalaandil 22 sathaveethamum veelchchiyadainththathu.

pizza inn pizza inn anedi dallas aadhaarita restaurant golusu mariyu antarjaateeya aahara franchisee, idhi american-shaili paan pizza, pasta mariyu side dishlalo pratyekata kaligi undhi. eee samstha texas kaalaneelooni dallas shivaarulo undhi. daani sikharagra samayamlo, pizza satram 20 rashtraallo 500 kii paiga pradaesaalanu kaligi undhi. juun 28,2020 natiki, pizza inku united stateslo 252 dukaanaalu unnaayi, ivi pradhanamgaa dakshina united states looni pattanaallo unnaayi mariyu antarjaateeyamgaa 38 dukaanaalu unnaayi. charitra. 1958loe iddaru texas sodarulu, eff.zhe. (jooe) mariyu aarr. ell. spielman, dallaslo modati pizza satraanni praarambhinchaadu. 1980la madhyalo, restaurant golusu vaan erich kutumbamtho vaanijya oppandam kudurchukundi, kerrie vaan erich, kevin vaan erich mariyu mike vaan erich televisionlo prasaram cheyabadina vaanijya prakatanala shrenilo kanipinchaaru. juun 2011loe, pizza inn faast casual restaurant paie five pizzanu praarambhinchindi, idhi aidu nimishaallo, fort viluvalo, texaslo tayaaru cheyagala anukuuleekarinchadagina pijjaalalo pratyekata kaligi undhi. samvatsaram chivari natiki vaaru koota viluva praantamloo aidu pradaesaalanu kaligi unnaaru. janavari 2015 natiki, vaariki 31 pradaesaalu unnaayi. october 2011loe, pizza inn chainaalooni hangjoulo pranaalikaabaddhamaina aidu chainees pradaesaalaloo modatidaanni praarambhinchindi. maajee pepsico mariyu yamm! brand executive randy gear 2012loe companylo cheraaru. ayana 2016 varaku seeevogaa panicheesaaru. janavari 9,2015naa, maatru samstha pizza inn holdings (tikkar sanketamh "pizzi") paie five pizza sthaanaalu peragadam praarambhinchadamtho rave restaurant group (tikkar sanketamh "rave") anae portfolio companyga rebrand cheyabadindi. mae 2018loe, rave restaurant group thana modati paie bye pizza inn express pizza keosklanu fort lauderdale-hollywood antarjaateeya vimaanaasrayamloo delaware naarttoo praarambhinchindi. 2021 fibravari 5naa, covid-19 mahammari samayamlo raddiigaa unna vaataavaranamloo pizza inn ammakalu merugupaddaayani nivedinchindi. december 27thoo mugisina kaalamlo, desheeya oke-dukaanam ammakalu $18.95 million nundi $15.46 millionlaku ledhaa companyki 18.4 saataaniki taggai, idhi mahammari praarambhamainappati nundi golusu yokka uttama paniteeru kaligina traimasikam. juun 28thoo mugisina traimaasikamlo pizza inn ammakalu kooda 39 saatam, september 27thoo mugisina traimaasikamlo 22 saatam taggai.

peza inn peza inn eek dlaas parr mubni reestoran silsilah aur beenn alaqwami foud frunchise hay juu americi tarz kay peen pezaa paasta aur side dish mein maharat rakhti hay. company taxas kii kaloni kay mazafati elaqay dlaas mein waaqa hay. apnay arooj parr peza saraye mein 20 riyasaton mein 500 say ziyadah maqamat thay. 28 joone 2020 takk peza inn kay riyasathaye muthadah kay andar 252 stores thay juu bunyadi toor parr janubi riyasathaye muthadah kay qasbon mein waaqa haine aur beenn alaqwami satah parr 38 stores haine. tareekh. 1958 mein taxas kay duu bhayee aif.jay. (juu) aur aar. eel. spul meen nay dlaas mein pehla peza sarangein kholi. 1980 kii dahayi kay wast mein reestoran kay silsilay kaa waan airak khaandaan kay saath eek tajarti muahidah hawaa jiss mein carrie waan airak cune waan airak aur mayik waan airak teeli vision ishteharaat kay eek silsilay mein nazar aayey. joone 2011 mein peza inn nay faast casual reestoran payee faiyo peza kaa aaghaz kiyaa juu apnee marzi kay mutabiq peza mein maharat rakhta hay juu paanch mint kay andar fort warth taxas mein banaye jaatay haine. saal kay aakhir takk qalye kay qaabil elaqay kay andar inn kay paanch maqamat thay. januri 2015 takk inn kay 31 maqamat thay. aktobar 2011 mein peza saraye nay cheen kay shehar hangzo mein paanch mansubah bund cheeni maqamat mein say pehla khola. sabqah pepsco aur yamm! brandz kay execto rendy jear nay 2012 mein company mein shamoliyat akhtiyar kii. inhon nay 2016 takk see ayee awo kay toor parr khidmaat anjaam dain. 9 januri 2015 cow parent company peza inn holdings (takar kii alaamat: "paizi") kuu riyo reestoran grop (takar kii alaamat: "riyo") kay naam say eek port folio company kay toor parr dobarah braand kiyaa gayaa keunkah payee faiyo peza kay maqamat mein izafah honaa sharoo hawaa. mayee 2018 mein riyo reestoran grop nay fort lauderdale-haali wode beenn alaqwami hawai aday parr delaveer naarth kay saath peza inn express peza cusic kay zariye apnaa pehla payee khola. 5 faroori 2021 cow coved-19 wabayi amraz kay doraan masruf maahul kay darmiyan peza saray nay farokhat mein behtari kii atlaa dee. 27 dasambar kuu khatam honay waalay arsey mein gharilo eek hyee store kii farokhat $18.95 millin say kumm how kirr $15.46 maleen yaa company kay liye 18.4 faisad rahh gayee juu kahh wabayi marz kay aaghaz kay baad say silsilah kii behtareen karkardgi kaa mazahirah karnay waali sah maahi hay. peza inn mein bhee 28 joone kuu khatam honay waali sah maahi mein taqabili farokhat mein 39 faisad aur 27 satambar kuu khatam honay waali sah maahi mein 22 faisad kamee dekhi gayee.

0001c26c21f0cd517ef335d9652ccf597eb816d72a3933fa4585d263f41f5269

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48066356

Elle-Máijá Tailfeathers

Elle-Máijá Tailfeathers Canadian actor, film director Elle-Máijá Apiniskim Tailfeathers (born in 1986) is a Blackfoot and Sámi filmmaker, actor, and producer from the Kainai First Nation in Canada. She has won several accolades for her film work, including multiple Canadian Screen Awards. Born in Cardston, Alberta, Tailfeathers began acting in the late 2000s before embarking on a career as a filmmaker. For directing "The Body Remembers When the World Broke Open", she shared the Canadian Screen Award for Best Director with Kathleen Hepburn. That film also won the Toronto Film Critics Association's $100,000 Rogers Best Canadian Film Award. Early life. Tailfeathers was born to Bjarne Store-Jakobsen, a Sámi rights activist and journalist from Norway, and Kainai activist and doctor Esther Tailfeathers, from Canada. Her parents met at a global indigenous peoples' conference in Australia, and married sometime after. Career. Tailfeathers studied acting at the Vancouver Film School, and graduated in 2006 and then moved on to the University of British Columbia where she would graduate with a degree in First Nations studies and a minor in women and gender studies in 2011. After acting for a period of time, Tailfeathers shifted her focus to filmmaking and began to work as a writer, director, and producer. During her time at the University of British Columbia she started to use film equipment and editing software. "Bloodland". "Bloodland" (2011) is an experimental short film that offers a commentary on fracking practices in Canada and across the world. It can be found on YouTube, where it was made public in 2013 in solidarity with the Idle No More movement. The short film uses metaphoric imagery of a woman being held down and drilled into as a comment on the current fracking practices in Canada. This project was funded by the Blood Tribe Chief and Council through a distribution cheque, and as a result was indirectly funded by the proceeds of various gas and oil companies, as well as KRI Resources. The film was well received at its premier in Lethbridge, and was the subject of a greater national debate regarding the practice of fracking in Indigenous lands. The film was selected for the following film festivals: "A Red Girl's Reasoning". "A Red Girl's Reasoning" (2012) is a short film that was created in response to the growing numbers of missing and murdered Indigenous women in Canada. This film centres around a survivor of sexual assault and her quest to bring justice to the attackers of her fellow women. While originally a short film, it is currently in the process of expanding into a feature film. This film was the winner of the 2012 Vancouver Crazy8s Competition, where filmmakers were challenged to create a film in under eight days. "Rebel (Bihttoš)". "Rebel (Bihttoš)" is an experimental and unconventional documentary where a young woman (Tailfeathers) explores her complex "relationship with her father through an examination of family photos and the family lore surrounding her parents’ courtship and marriage." "Bihttoš combines ""animation, re-enactments, and archival photos, [and] delves into the dissolution of her parents' mythic love story and how it has coloured her perception of love in her adult life." "Bihttoš" first screened at the imagineNATIVE film festival in 2014. "cəsnaʔəm, the city before the city". "cəsnaʔəm, the city before the city" (2017) is a feature film on the history of the land in the area which is now known as Vancouver. Made in partnership with Musqueam First Nation, the film was part of a larger exhibition put on in partnership with the Museum of Anthropology at UBC, the Museum of Vancouver and the Musqueam Cultural Centre. "The Body Remembers When the World Broke Open". Co-directed with Kathleen Hepburn, "The Body Remembers When the World Broke Open" centres on the interaction between Áila (Tailfeathers), an indigenous woman with a stable and happy domestic life, and Rosie (Violet Nelson), a more impoverished First Nations woman who has just been a victim of domestic abuse, after they meet in the street. The majority of the film consists of one long, unbroken shot. The film premiered at the 2019 Berlin Film Festival in the Generation program, and had its Canadian premiere at the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival. It was nominated for six Canadian Screen Awards, including Best Motion Picture, and won three. For directing "The Body Remembers When the World Broke Open", Tailfeathers shared the Canadian Screen Award for Best Director with Hepburn. That film also won the Toronto Film Critics Association's $100,000 Rogers Best Canadian Film Award. Themes and issues. Her work has garnered attention for its focus on representations of women of colour, and her thematic focus on First Nations subjects and issues. Tailfeathers explores "innovative means of telling stories through mediums including narrative fiction, docudrama, documentary, mockumentary, and experimental film." Her film projects are usually staffed primarily with Indigenous cast and production members, reflecting her emphasis on engaging with First Nations and Indigenous filmmakers. One of her primary focuses as a filmmaker is activism and social justice and approaches film as a way to "use it as a form of nonviolent direct action against issues like violence against women and degradation of Indigenous land." Her film and activist pursuits focus on issues that directly relate to and affect Indigenous women and communities. Awards and recognition. She has won and been nominated for awards at various international film festivals, and has been recognized for her work rooted in social justice. Notable recognition has included receiving a Kodak Image Award, the Vancouver Mayor's Arts Award as an emerging filmmaker. She is included in CBC's "Young Indigenous Leaders: 5 Under 30 To Watch in 2015." Her autobiographical short film "Rebel (Bihttoš)" was named one of the Top Ten short films at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. It was also awarded best documentary at the Seattle International Film Festival in 2015. In 2017, Tailfeathers won a Canadian Screen Award for best actress for a dramatic program or limited series for her work in the CBC movie "Unclaimed", as well as an award for best performance at the Vancouver Women in Film Festival. At the 2019 Vancouver International Film Festival, Tailfeathers and her co-director Kathleen Hepburn received the $25,000 Best BC Film Award for their film "The Body Remembers When the World Broke Open". Tailfeathers also won the $17,500 BC Emerging Filmmaker Award. At the 10th Canadian Screen Awards in 2022 she won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Actress for her performance in "Night Raiders", and her documentary film "" won the award for Best Feature Length Documentary. Personal life. Tailfeathers divides her time between Vancouver Canada, the Blood Reserve, and Sapmi territory in Norway. She is active in advocating for issues affecting First Nations communities. In 2011, she was arrested for participating in a peaceful blockade at the entrance of a drilling site in the Alberta Blood Reserve. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

ele-maiza tailfeders ele-maiza epiniskim tailfeders (1986 sonot jonmogrohon koraa) hoise kanadat prothom dexor kainair egoraki blackfoot aaru saami solositro nirmata, obhineta aaru projujok. teu teur solositro kaamor baabe keibatau proxongxa laabh korise, jaar bhitorot aase ekadhik kanadian skrin botaa. alberter cardstonot jonmogrohon koraa tailfeders-e 2000-ror doxokor xexor faale solositro nirmata hisape keriyar aarombho korar aagote obhinoy aarombho korisil. dyo body rimom" jetiya prithibikhon mukoli hoisil "nirdexonar baabe teu kethlin hepburnor xoite shrestho porisalokor baabe kanadian skrin botaa bhag korisil. xei sobikhone torontu film critics ess "siyesyonor 100,000 dollar shrestho kanadian solositro botau laabh korisil. prarombhik jiwan. norober egoraki saami odhikar kormi aaru xangbadik bojarne sto 'ror-jakobchen aaru kanadar kainai kormi aaru sikitsok estar tailfidersor ghorot tailfidersor jonmo hoisil. teur pitri-matriye australiat ek biswojonin tholuwa lukoxokolor xonmilonot log paisil, aaru kichu xomoyor pisot bibahpaxot aabodho hoisil. keriyar. tailfeders-e venkuvar film schoolot obhinoy odhyoyon korisil, aaru 2006 sonot snatok degree laabh korisil aaru taar pisot britis kolombiya biswobidyaloyoloi goisil zo 'too teu prothom rastror odhyoyonot degree laabh korisil aaru 2011 sonot mohila aaru lingo odhyoyonot xoru degree laabh korisil. kichu xomoyor baabe obhinoy korar pisot, tailfiderse solositro nirmanor proti monujug disil aaru lekhok, porisalok aaru projujok hisape kaam koriboloi aarombho korisil. britis kolombiya biswobidyaloyot porhar xomoyot teu solositror xojuli aaru xompadonar softwer byobohar koriboloi aarombho korisil. "roktobhumi". "bloodland" (2011) hoise ekhon porikhyamulok suti solositro jiye kanada aaru xomogro biswor fracking prothar uporot ek bhaisyo prodan kore. iyak utubot puwa yaay, zo 'too iyak 2013 sonot olox andulonor xoite ekatmota prokax kori rajohuwa koraa hoisil. suti solositrokhonot kanadat bortomanor fracking prothar uporot montobyo hisape egoraki mohilak dhori rokha aaru drill korar rupok chitro byobohar koraa hoise. ei prokolpotur baabe rokto jonojatir murobbi aaru porixode ek bitoron sekor joriyote puji jugan dhorisil, aaru iyar pholsworupe porukhyobhabe bibhinno ges aaru tel companyr aayor logote cree xompodor dwara puji jugan dhora hoisil. lethbridgeor primiyarot sobikhon bhaldore grohon koraa hoisil, aaru tholuwa bhumit frackingor protha xomporke ek brihot rastriyo bitorkor bixoy aasil. solositrokhon nimnolikhito solositro mohutxowor baabe nirbasito koraa hoisiloh "ronga suwalir jukti. "e redd garls reasoning" (2012) hoise ekhon suti solositro jitu kanadat niruddex huwa aaru hotya koraa tholuwa mohilar bordhito xongkhyar protikriyat sristi koraa hoisil. ei solositrokhon jouno aakromonor poraa uddhar huwa egoraki lukor uporot kendribhut aaru teur xotirtho mohilar aakromonkarixokolok nyay prodan korar baabe teur onuxondhan. mulotoh ekhon suti solositro huwar biporite, bortoman iyak ekhon fisar filmoloi xomproxaron korar prokriya soli aase. ei sobikhon 2012 sonor venkuvar kreji8cho protijugitar bijoyi aasil, zo 'too solositro nirmataxokolok aath dinor bhitorot ekhon solositro sristi koriboloi proityahban jonuwa hoisil. "bidruhi (bihtos). "rebel (bihotos)" hoise ek porikhyamulok aaru oprosolito tothyositro zo 'too egoraki jubotiye (tailfeders) poriyalor photu aaru pitri-matrir prem aaru bibahor aaxe-paxe thoka poriyalor probritti porikhyar joriyote teur pitrir xoite teur jotil xomporko onwexon kore."bihotos"-e animation, punor-obhinoy, aaru archival photur xongmisron kore, [aaru] teur pitri-matrir pouranik prem kahinir bisched aaru ee teur praptoboyosko jiwanat premor bixoye teur dharonak kenedore rongin korise taar bixoye gobhirbhabe alusona kore." "bihtos" prothombaror baabe 2014 sonot kolponaxil solositro mohutxowot prodorxon koraa hoisil. "cjnam, sohoror aagot thoka sohor. "cjna <unk>m, sohoror aagor sohor" (2017) hoise oncholtur bhumir itihaxor uporot ekhon solositro ji etiya venkuvar naamere jonajat. moskiyam prothom rastror xoite ongxidaritwot nirmito ei solositrokhon eu. bi. chi.-ror nritotwo xongrohaloy, venkuvaror xongrohaloy aaru moskiyam xangoskritik kendror ongxidaritwot sthapon koraa ek brihot prodorxonir ongxo aasil. "xorirtuwe monot raakhe jetiya prithibikhon mukoli hoi porisil. kethlin hepburnor xoite xoho-nirdexito, "xorirtuwe monot pelai jetiya prithibikhon mukoli hoi porisil", etaa xusthir aaru xukhi ghoruwa jiwanor xoite egoraki tholuwa mohila, aaila (tailfeder) aaru ruchi (violet nelson), egoraki odhik doridro prothom rastror mohila ji eimatro ghoruwa nirzatonor bolly hoise, teulukor pothot log huwar pisot. sobikhonor besibhag ongxoi etaa digholiya, obischinno swotore gothito. sobikhonor primiyar 2019 borlin solositro mohutxowot projonmo karzoxusit hoisil, aaru 2019 sonor torontu antohrastriyo solositro mohutxowot iyar kanadian primiyar hoisil. ee shrestho solsitroke dhori soikhon kanadian skrin botar baabe monunit hoisil, aaru tinita botaa laabh korisil. dyo body rimom" jetiya prithibikhon mukoli hoi goisil, nirdexonar baabe tailfiderse hepburnor xoite shrestho porisalokor baabe kanadian skrin botaa bhag korisil. xei sobikhone torontu film critics ess "siyesyonor 100,000 dollar shrestho kanadian solositro botau laabh korisil. bixoybostu aaru xomosyaxomuh. teur kaamoi rongin mohilar protinidhitwor uporot gurutwo aaru prothom rastror bixoy aaru bixoixomuhor uporot teur bixoygot monujugor baabe monujug aakorxon korise. telfiderse "akhyanmulok kolpokahini, docudrama, tothyositro, mukumentori, aaru porikhyamulok solositroke dhori madhyomor joriyote kahini kuwar udbhawonimulok upay onwexon kore."teur solositro prokolpoxomuhot xadharonote tholuwa obhineta-obhinetri aaru projujonar xodosyoxokolor xoite kormosari thaake, ji prothom rastro aaru tholuwa solositro nirmataxokolor xoite jorito huwar uporot teur gurutwo protipholito kore. egoraki solositro nirmata hisape teur prathomik gurutwo hoise xokriyota aaru xamajik nyay aaru iyak "mohilar biruddhe hingxa aaru tholuwa bhumir obokhyor dore bixoyor biruddhe ohingxo proityokhyo podokhyepor ek rup hisape byobohar korar upay hisape solositrok proyug koraa."teur solositro aaru kormir onuxoronbure tholuwa mohila aaru xomprodayor xoite punpotiyakoi xomporkito aaru probhabito koraa bixoiburor uporot gurutwo aarup kore. botaa aaru swikriti. teu bibhinno antohrastriyo solositro mohutxowot botaa laabh korise aaru monunit hoise, aaru xamajik nyayor uporot bhitti kori koraa teur kaamor baabe swikriti laabh korise. ullekhjugyo swikritir bhitorot aase ejon udiyoman solositro nirmata hisape kudok image botaa, venkuvar meyor kolaa botaa laabh koraa. teu chi. bi. chi.-ror "2015 sonot saboloi juwo tholuwa netah 5 under 30" too ontorbhukto. teur atmojibonimulok suti sobi "rebel (bihotos)" 2014 sonor torontu antohrastriyo solositro mohutxowot xirxo dohkhon suti solositror bhitorot ekhon hisape namakoron koraa hoisil. 2015 sonot eikhonok ciatel antohrastriyo solositro mohutxowot shrestho tothyositro hisapeu xonmanito koraa hoisil. 2017 sonot, tailfederse chi. bi. chi. solositro "unclaimed" too teur kaamor baabe natokiyo karzoxusi baa ximito sringkholar baabe shrestho obhinetrir baabe kanadian skrin botaa laabh korisil, logote solositro mohutxowot venkuvar mohilar shrestho prodorxonor baabe botaa laabh korisil. 2019 sonor venkuvar antohrastriyo solositro mohutxowot, tailfeders aaru teur xoho-porisalok kethlin hepburne teulukor solositro "dyo body rimom" rcho jetiya biswokhon mukoli hoisil "ror baabe 25,000 dollar shrestho bixi solositro botaa laabh korisil. tailfederse 17,500 billion dollar udiyoman solositro nirmatar botau laabh korisil. 2022 sonot doxom kanadian skrin awardsot teu "night reiders" too obhinoyor baabe shrestho obhinetrir baabe kanadian skrin botaa laabh kore, aaru teur tothyositro "ye shrestho fisar lengtho tothyositror botaa laabh kore. byoktigoto jiwan. tailfedare teur xomoy bhankyubhar kanada, rokto xongrokhyon, aaru norober sappimi oncholor maajot bhag kore. teu prothom rastror xomprodayxomuhok probhabito koraa bixoixomuhor baabe xomorthon korat xokriyo. 2011 sonot, alberta rokto xongrokhito sthanot etaa drilling saitor prowexdwarot ek xantipurno oworudhot ongxogrohon korar baabe teuk greptar koraa hoisil.

eley-maiza telfethers eley-maiza apiniskim telfithers (1986 saale jonmogrohonkari) kanadar prothom kainai jaatir ekjon blackfoot ebong saami cholochchitro nirmata, abhineta ebong projojok. tini ekadhik kanadian screen puraskar soho taanr cholochchitrer kaajer jonno besh koyekti proshongsha jitechen. cardston, alberta jonmogrohonkari, telfidarra cholochchitro nirmata hisabe karmajiban shuru korar agey 2000-err doshoker shesher dike abhinoy shuru korechilen. dya boddy remocales jokhon worled break open" porichalona korar jonno, tini cathlin hepburner saathe sera porichaloker jonno kanadian screen puraskar bhag korey niyechilen. eyi cholochchitroti torronto film critics associationer 100,000 dollar sera kanadian cholochchitro puroskaro jitechilo. prathomik jeebon. talfethers jonmogrohon corren jarne store-jacobsen, jini norwer ekjon saamee adhikar karmi ebong sangbadik ebong kanadar kainai karmi ebong daktar esthar talfethers. taar baba-maa australia ekti baishwik adibasider sommelone milit hohn ebong kichhu somoy porey biye corren. karmajiban. telfidarra vancouver film schoole abhinoy niye padashona corren ebong 2006 saale snatok hohn ebong tarpor british kalambia bishwobidyaloye choley zaan jekhane tini prothom desh adhyayane degree ebong 2011 saale mohila oo ling adhyayane ekti chhoto degree niye snatok hohn. kichhu somoyer jonno abhinoy korar porr, telfithers cholochchitro nirmaner dike mononibesh corren ebong lekhok, porichalok ebong projojok hisabe kaaj shuru corren. british kalambia bishwobidyaloye thakakalin tini cholochchitrer saranjam ebong sampadana software byabohar korte shuru corren. "rokter desh. "bloodland" (2011) ekti poriikkhamulok swalpodoirgho cholochchitro jaa kanada ebong vishwajude fracking onushiloner upor ekti bhashyo pradan korey. etty utube pawa jaabe, jekhane 2013 saale ols andoloner saathe sanghati janiye etty jonosomokkhe aanaa hoyechilo. swalpodoirgho cholochchitroti kanadar bortoman fracking onushiloner upor montobbo hisabe ekjon mohilake atke rakha ebong drill korar roopok chitro byabohar korey. eyi prokolpoti rokto upojati prodhan ebong council dwara ekti bitoron cheker madhyome arthayan koraa hoyechilo ebong falaswarup porokkhobhabe bivinno gyasa ebong teela sangosthar aay, pashapashi cree sompod dwara arthayan koraa hoyechilo. lethbridge cholochchitroti taar premiere somoy bhalbhabe grihito hoyechilo ebong adibasi jomite fracking anushilan somporke brihottor jatiya bitorker vishay chhilo. cholochchitroti nimnolikhito cholochchitro utsaber jonno nirbachito hoyechiloh "" "ekti laal meyer jukti. "ekti laal meyer jukti" (2012) ekti swalpodoirgho cholochchitro jaa kanada nikhonj ebong nihoto adibasi mohilader kromobordhoman sankhyar protikriyay toiri koraa hoyechilo. eyi cholochchitroti jouno nipidaner shicker ekjonke kendra korey ebong taar soho-mohilader akromonkarider nyaybichar deoar jonno taar onusondhanke kendra korey. mulat ekti swalpodoirgho cholochchitro holeo, etty bortomane ekti fitcher filme prosarito howar prokriyay royeche. eyi cholochchitroti 2012 saaler vancouver crazie8 protijogitar vijayi chhilo, jekhane cholochchitro nirmatader aatt diner modhye ekti cholochchitro toiri korar challenge deoa hoyechilo. "bidrohi (bihtosh). "bidrohi (bihtosh)" ekti poriikkhamulok ebong oprocholito tothyochitro jekhane ekjon juboti mohila (telfidar) taar babar saathe taar jotil somporkoke paribarik chhobi ebong taar pitamatar prem ebong bibahke ghire paribarik biswaser porikkhar madhyome anweshan korey."bihtos" animation, rii-annactment ebong archival photogulir sangmishran korey, [ebong] taar pitamatar pouranik premer golper bichched ebong etty taar praptoboyosko jeebone taar premer dharonake kibhabe rongin koreche taa niye anusandhan korey." "2014 saale kalpanaprasuta cholochchitro utsabe prothom prodorshito hoy 'bihtos'. "cjnam, shohorer ager shohor. "cjnam", shohorer ager shohor "(2017) eyi anchaler jomir itihaser upor ekti fitcher film jaa ekhon vancouver naame porichito. moskium first neshana-err sange angshidaritte nirmito eyi cholochchitroti eu. bii. shee-teey nritotter jadughar, vancouver jadughar ebong moskium sangoskritik kendrer sange angshidaritte ekti brihottor prodorshonir ongsho chhilo. "shorir money rakhe jokhon prithibi khule giechilo. cathlin hepburner saathe soho-porichalito, "sharirti money korey jokhon bishwa unmukto hoye giechilo" ekti sthitishil ebong sukhi gharoa jeebon soho ekti adibasi mohila aail (telfidar) ebong rossie (violet nelson), arow daridra prothom jaatir mohila jini sobematro gharoa nirjatoner shicker hoyechen, rastai dekha howar porey. cholochchitrer beshirbhag ongsho ekti deergho, abichchinno shhata niye gothito. cholochchitroti 2019 saaler barlin cholochchitro utsabe projonmer anusthane premiere hoyechilo ebong 2019 saaler torronto antorjatik cholochchitro utsabe kanadian premiere hoyechilo. etty sera cholochchitro soho chhoyti kanadian screen puroskarer jonno manoneet hoyechilo ebong tinti jitechilo. dya boddy remocage jokhon worled break open" porichalona korar jonno, telfithers hepburner saathe sera porichaloker jonno kanadian screen puraskar bhag korey niyechilen. eyi cholochchitroti torronto film critics associationer 100,000 dollar sera kanadian cholochchitro puroskaro jitechilo. vishay ebong samasya. taanr kaaj borner mohilader protinidhitter upor drishti niboddho korar jonno ebong prothom jaatir vishay oo vishaygulite taanr visayagata monojoger jonno monojog akarshan koreche. telfithers akhyan kalpakahini, docudrama, documentary, mocumentary ebong poriikkhamulok cholochchitro soho madhyomer madhyome golpo bolar udbhaboni upayguli anweshan korey."taanr cholochchitro prokolpogulite sadharonoto prathomikbhabe deshiya abhineta ebong prajojana sadasyader niye kaaj koraa hoy, jaa prothom desh ebong adibasi cholochchitro nirmatader saathe jorito howar upor taanr jorke protifolito korey. ekjon cholochchitro nirmata hisabe taanr prathomik lokkhogulir modhye ekti holl sakriyata ebong samajik nyaybichar ebong etike "mohilader biruddhe sahingsata ebong adibasi jomir abokkhoyer moto vishaygulir biruddhe ohingso prottokkho podokkheper ekti roop hisabe byabohar korar upay hisabe cholochitroke byabohar koraa."taanr cholochchitro ebong sakriya karmira adibasi mohila ebong sampradayer saathe sarasari somporkito ebong probhabito korey emon vishaygulite mononibesh corren. puraskar oo swikriti. tini bivinno antorjatik cholochchitro utsabe puroskarer jonno manoneet hoyechen ebong samajik nyaybicharer khettre taanr kaajer jonno swikrito hoyechen. ullekhjoggo swikritir modhye royeche ekti kodok image award, ekjon udiyaman cholochchitro nirmata hisabe vancouver meyorer artasa award grohon koraa. tini shee. bii. shee-rawr "torun adibasi netara 2015 saale dekhar jonno 5 bochorer qama vayasi 30"-ayee antarbhukta. taanr attojibonimulok swalpodoirgho cholochchitro "bidrohi (bihoto)" 2014 saaler torronto antorjatik cholochchitro utsabe sheersho dashti swalpodoirgho cholochchitrer modhye ekti hisabe manoneet hoyechilo. etty 2015 saale sittle antorjatik cholochchitro utsabe sera tothyochitrer puroskaro peyechilo. 2017 saale, telfithers cbc cholochchitro "unclaimed"-ayee taar kaajer jonno ekti natakiya programa baa seemit sirijer jonno sera abhinetrir jonno kanadian screen puraskar jitechilo, pashapashi cholochchitro utsabe vancouver mohilader sera performancer jonno ekti puraskar jitechilo. 2019 saaler vancouver antorjatik cholochchitro utsabe, telfithers ebong taar soho-porichalok cathlin hepburn taader cholochchitrer jonno 25,000 markin dollar sera bisi cholochchitrer puraskar peyechilen "jokhon bishwa unmukto hoyechilo tokhon sharirti smaran korey". telfithers 17,500 bisi udiyaman cholochchitro nirmata puroskaro jiteche. 2022 saale 10maum kanadian screen awarde tini "night raiders"-ayee abhinoyer jonno sera abhinetrir jonno kanadian screen award jitechilen ebong taanr documentary film "sera fitcher doirghyer documentary"-rawr jonno puraskar jitechilo. byaktigato jeebon. telfithers taar samayke vancouver kanada, rokto sanrakkhan ebong norwer sapmi anchaler modhye bhag korey deyo. tini prothom jaatir sampradaygulike probhabito korey emon vishaygulir pokkhe kotha bolar khettre sakriya. 2011 saale, alberta rokto sanrakkhaner ekti drilling saiter probeshdware shantipurno aborodher jonno taake greptar koraa hoyechilo.

eley-maaya telfedhers eley-maaya apiniskim telfedhers telfedhers janmela) kenedama pratham raashtrana blackfoot aneey saamee film nirmata, abhineta aneey nirmata chhe. teneeae tenaa film kaary maate bahuveedh kenediyan screen puraskaaro saheet anek puraskaaro jeetya chhe. cardston, albertama janmela telfidharse film nirmata tareeke karkirdi sharoo kartaa pahelaa pahelaa daykana antamaa abhinay karvaanu sharoo karyoo hatoo. dhaa bodee yaad karey chhe jyaare vishva khullu padyu", teneeae kathleen hepburn saathe shreshth digdarshak maate kenediyan screen award shhare karyo. teey filme torrento film critics associationno $100,000 rosers besta kenediyan film award pann jeetyo hato. praarambhik jeevan. telfidhars noow janm norwena saamee adhikaar kaarykartaa aneey patrakaar jaarne store-jacobson aneey kenedana kainai kaarykartaa aneey doctor aesthar telfidharsmaa thayo hato. tenaa matapita australiyama vaishvik swadeshi lokonee parishadma malyaa hataa aneey thodaa samay pachhi lagna karyaa hataa. karkirdi. telfidharse vancouver film schoolma abhinayno abhyaas karyo, aneey aneey snaatak thayaa aneey pachhi british kolambiya universityma gayaa jyaan teo pratham raashtrana abhyasma degree saathe snaatak thayaa aneey aneey maheelao aneey ling abhyasma sageer thayaa. thodaa samay maate abhinay karyaa pachhi, telfidharse film nirmaan taraf dhyaan kendrit karyoo aneey lekhak, digdarshak aneey nirmata tareeke kaama karvaanu sharoo karyoo. british kolambiya universityma temnaa samay darmiyan temane film saadhno aneey sampadan softwareno upyog karvaanu sharoo karyoo hatoo. "lohee". "bloodland" (2011) aek prayogik tunkee film chhe jeey keneda aneey samagr vishvamaa fracking prathaao parr tippani aape chhe. teey yutyub parr malee shake chhe, jyaan tene 2013 maan nishkreey aandolan saathe ektaamaa jaaher karvaamaa aavyu hatoo. tunkee film kenedama vartmaan fracking prathaao parr tippani tareeke aek maheelane neeche rakhvama aneey drill karvaamaa aavee rahee chhe tenee roopak chhabino upyog karey chhe. aaa projectne rakt janjatina vadaa aneey council dwara vitaran check dwara bhandol purun padvama aavyu hatoo, aneey parinaame viveedh gases aneey teela companyoni aavak temaj crii sansadhno dwara parox reete bhandol purun padvama aavyu hatoo. lathbridgema tenaa premiyarmaa aaa filmne saaro pratisaad malyo hato aneey teey swadeshi jameenoma fracking prathaa ange vadhu motee raashtriy charchaano vishhay hato. aaa filmne neechena film utsavo maate pasand karvaamaa aavee hateeh "" "aek laal chhokarinu tark". "aek laal chhokarinu tark" (2012) aek tunkee film chhe jeey kenedama goom thayelee aneey hatyaa karaayelee swadeshi maheelaoni vadhati sankhyana javabma banavvama aavee hatee. aaa film jaatiy humalani pidit aneey tenee saathee mahilaaonaa humalaakhorone nyaay apaavvaani tenee shodhnee aaspaas kendrit chhe. jyaare keey mool rupe aek tunkee film chhe, teey haalmaa aek feature filmmaan vistaran karvaanee prakriyaamaa chhe. aaa film film vankuvar vankuvar spardhani vijeta hatee, jyaan film nirmataone aath divasni andar film banaavvaano padkaar fenkvaamaa aavyo hato. "badvakhor (bihtosh)". "rebell (bihtosh)" aek prayogik aneey binparamparagat dastaveji film chhe jemaa aek yuvan stree (punchhadio) tenaa pitana jatil sambandhoni tapaas tenaa parivaarnaa fotaa aneey tenaa matapitana prem prasang aneey lagnani aaspasna paarivaarik manyataoni tapaas dwara karey chhe."" "bihtosh" "animation, rii-actments aneey archival fotaao jode chhe, [aneey] tenaa matapitani pauranik premkathaanaa visarjanmaa aneey tenaa pukht jeevanma premnee tenee dhaarnaane kevee reete rung aapyo chhe tenee tapaas karey chhe"." "bihtos" saupratham 2014 maan kaalpaneek film mahotsavma pradarshit karvaamaa aavee hatee. "cjnam, shaher pahelaanu shaher". "cjnam", shaher pahelaanu shaher "(2017) aee vistaarmaa jameenna itihas parnee aek feature film chhe jeey havey vankuvar tareeke odakhaay chhe. muscam first nation saathe bhagidarima banelee aaa film yuu. bii. see. khaate manavshastrana sangrahalay, venkuvarnaa sangrahalay aneey muscam saanskrutik kendra saathe bhagidarima mukvaamaa aavela motaa pradarshanno bhaag hatee. "jyaare dunia khulee tyaare shareerne yaad aave chhe". kathleen hepburn saathe saha-nirdeshit, "shareer yaad karey chhe keey jyaare vishva khullu padyu" stheer aneey sukhee gharelu jeevan dharaavati aek swadeshi maheela, elaa (telfidhars) aneey rosey (violet nelson), vadhu garib pratham raashtrani maheela jeey hamanaa jaj gharelu durvyavhaarno bhog bunny chhe, teey shereemaa malyaa pachhi vachcheni kriyapratikriya parr kendrit chhe. filmno motaabhaagno bhaag aek laambo, akhandit shhota dharaave chhe. aaa filmnun premiere aneey berlin film festivalmaa generation prograamma thayu hatoo aneey aneey torrento aantarrashtriy film festivalmaa tenu kenediyan premiere thayu hatoo. teey shreshth chalchitra saheet chh kenediyan screen puraskaaro maate namankit thaee hatee aneey trana jeetee hatee. dhaa bodee yaad karey chhe jyaare vishva khullu padyu", nirdeshan maate, telfidharse hepburn saathe shreshth digdarshak maate kenediyan screen award shhare karyo. teey filme torrento film critics associationno $100,000 rosers besta kenediyan film award pann jeetyo hato. vishhayo aneey muddaao. temnaa kaaryae rangnee maheelaoni rajuaat parr dhyaan kendrit karvaa maate dhyaan khenchyu chhe, aneey pratham raashtrana vishhayo aneey muddaao parr temnu vishhaygat dhyaan kendrit karyoo chhe. telfidhars "kathaa kathaa, dastaveji naatak, dastaveji, mocumentary aneey prayogik film saheet maadhyamo dwara vaartao kahevana naveen maadhyamoni shodh karey chhe."teneena film projectmaa saamanya reete mukhyatve swadeshi kalakaro aneey nirmaan sabhyo saathe kaama karvaamaa aave chhe, jeey pratham raashtro aneey swadeshi film nirmatao saathe jodava parr teneena bhaarne pratibimbit karey chhe. aek film nirmata tareeke temnu praathmeek dhyaan sakriytaavaad aneey saamaajik nyaay parr kendrit chhe aneey "maheelao saame hinsa aneey swadeshi jameenna adhpatan jevaa muddaao saame ahinsak seedhi karyvahina swaroop tareeke teno upyog karvaanaa maarg tareeke filmno abhigam dharaave chhe."teneeni film aneey kaarykartaa pravruttio aevaa muddaao parr dhyaan kendrit karey chhe jeey swadeshi maheelao aneey samudaayo saathe seedha sambandhit chhe aneey assar karey chhe. puraskaaro aneey maanyata. teneeae viveedh aantarrashtriy film utsavomaa puraskaaro jeetya chhe aneey namankit thayaa chhe, aneey saamaajik nyayma mool dharaavtaa temnaa kaary maate maanyata praapt thaee chhe. nondhpaatra manyatama kodak image award, aek ubhartaa film nirmata tareeke vancouver mayerno arts award melavvaano samaavesh thaay chhe. teneene see. bii. see. naa "yuvan swadeshi netaaoh 2015 maan jovaa maate 5 under 30" maan saamel karvaamaa aavee chhe. teneeni aatmakathaatmak tunkee film "rebell (bihtos)" neey 2014 torrento aantarrashtriy film mahotsavma tochnee dass tunkee filmomaanee aek tareeke naam aapvama aavyu hatoo. tene tene ciatal aantarrashtriy film mahotsavma shreshth dastaveji filmno award pann aapvama aavyo hato. hato, telfidharse cbc film "unclaimed" maan tenaa kaama maate naatkeey kaarykram athavaa maryadit shrenee maate shreshth abhinetrino kenediyan screen award jeetyo hato, temaj film mahotsavma vancuver vimenmaan shreshth pradarshan maateno award pann jeetyo hato. 2019 vancouver aantarrashtriy film mahotsavma, telfidhars aneey teneena saha-digdarshak kathleen hepburne temnee film "dhaa bodee yaad karey chhe jyaare vishva khullu padyu" maate 25,000 dollarno shreshth bii. see. film award malyo hato. telfidharse 17,500 bii. see. noow ubhartaa film nirmata puraskar pann jeetyo hato. hato 2022maan kenediyan screen awardsma teneeae "night raiders" maan teneena abhinay maate shreshth abhinetrino kenediyan screen award jeetyo hato aneey teneeni dastaveji film "" shreshth feature lenth dastaveji "maate award jeetyo hato. angat jeevan. telfidhars tenaa samayne vancouver keneda, blood reserve aneey norvemaa sepmi pradesh vachche vahenche chhe. teey pratham raashtrana samudaayone assar kartaa muddaaoni himayat karvaamaa sakreey chhe. 2011 maan, teneeni alberta blood reservema drilling saitnaa praveshdwaar parr shaantipurn nakabandhima bhaag levaa badal dharapkad karvaamaa aavee hatee.

eley-maaya telfether eley-maaya apiniskim telfethers (1986 mein paida hui) kanada mein kainai pratham rashtra key ack blackfoot aur saami film nirmaata, abhineta aur nirmaata hain. unhone apane film kaary key liye kaee puraskar jeete hain, jinamen kaee kanadai screen puraskar shamil hain. cardston, alberta mein janme, telfeathers ney ack film nirmaata key roop mein currier shuru karane seey pahale 2000 key dashak key anta mein abhinay karna shuru kiya. dha boddy remauls jaba worled break open" key nirdeshan key liye, unhone cathleen hepburn key saath sarvshreshth nirdeshak key liye kanadai screen puraskar saajha kiya. usa film ney torrento film critics association kaa 100,000 dollar kaa sarvshreshth kanadai film kaa puraskar bhee jeetaa. praarambhik jeevan. telfeathers kaa janm norwey key ack saami adhikaar karyakarta aur patrakaar jaarne store-jacobson aur kanada key kainai karyakarta aur doctor esther telfeathers key ghar huaa thaa. usake maataa-pitaa australia mein ack vaishvik swadeshi logon key sammelan mein mille aur kuchh samay baad unhone shaadi curr lii. carrier. telfider ney vancouver film school mein abhinay kaa adhyayan kiya, aur 2006 mein snaatak kiya aur phir british kolambiya vishvavidyalaya mein chully gaeen jahan vaha pratham rashtra adhyayan mein degree aur 2011 mein mahilaaon aur ling adhyayan mein ack nabalig key saath snaatak karengi. kuchh samay taka abhinay karane key baad, telfider ney apana dhyaan film nirmaan parr kendrit curr diyaa aur ack lekhak, nirdeshak aur nirmaata key roop mein kaam karna shuru curr diyaa. british kolambiya vishvavidyalaya mein apane samay key dauran unhone film upkaran aur sampadan software kaa upayog karna shuru curr diyaa. "rakt bhoomi. "bloodland" (2011) ack prayogaatmak laghu film haye joe kanada aur duniya bhar mein fracking prathaon parr ack tippani pradaan karati haye. ise youtube parr paaya jaa sakata haye, jahan ise 2013 mein nishkriya andolan key saath ekjutata mein saarvajanik kiya gayaa thaa. laghu film mein kanada mein vartamaan fracking prathaon parr tippani key roop mein ack mahila kii roopak chhavi kaa upayog kiya gayaa haye. iss pariyojana koo rakt janjaati pramukh aur parishad dwara ack vitaran check key madhyam seey vitt poshit kiya gayaa thaa, aur isake parinamswarup apratyaksh roop seey vibhinn gais aur tail companiyon key saath-saath cree sansadhanon kii aaya dwara vitt poshit kiya gayaa thaa. film koo lethbridge mein isake premiere mein achchi pratikriya millie thee, aur yeh swadeshi bhoomi mein fracking kii pratha key baare mein ack badee rashtriya bahas kaa vishay thaa. film koo nimnalikhit film samarohon key liye chunaa gayaa thaah "ack laal ladki kaa tark. "aeye redd girls reasoning" (2012) ack laghu film haye jise kanada mein laapata aur hatyaa kii gaee swadeshi mahilaaon kii badhati sankhya key jawab mein banaaya gayaa thaa. yeh film yaun hamale kii ack uttarjeevi aur apani saathi mahilaaon key hamlaavaron koo nyaay dilaane kii usaki khoj key ird-gird kendrit haye. jabaki mool roop seey ack laghu film haye, yeh vartamaan mein ack feature film mein vistaar karane kii prakriya mein haye. yeh film 2012 kii vancouver kreji8 pratiyogita kii vijeta thee, jahan film nirmaataon koo aathh dinon key bheetar ack film banaane kii chunauti dee gaee thee. "vidrohi (bihtosh). "vidrohi (bihtosh)" ack prayogaatmak aur aparamparaagat vrittachitra haye jahan ack yuva mahila (telfider) apane pitaa key saath apane jatil "sambandhon" kii parivarik tasveeron aur apane maataa-pitaa key prem prasang aur vivaah key aspas key parivarik gyaan kii jaanch key madhyam seey khoj karati haye."" "bihtos" "animation, punah adhiniyaman aur abhilekhiya tasveeron koo jodata haye, [aur] usake maataa-pitaa kii pauranik prem kahani key vighatan mein talleen kartaa haye aur yeh kaise usake vayask jeevan mein pyaar kii usaki dhaarana koo rangeen curr diyaa haye." "bihtos" pahali baar 2014 mein kalpanashil film samaroh mein pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa. "cjnam, shahar seey pahale kaa shahar. "cēsna <unk>", shahar seey pahale kaa shahar "(2017) usa kshetra mein bhoomi key itihas parr ack feature film haye jise abb vancouver key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. muskium first nation key saath saajhedaari mein banaai gaee yeh film yuu. bee. see. mein maanav vigyaan sangrahalaya, vancouver key sangrahalaya aur muskium saanskritik kendra key saath saajhedaari mein rakhee gaee ack badee pradarshani kaa hissa thee. "shareer koo yaad haye jaba duniya khuli thee. cathleen hepburn key saath saha-nirdeshit, "shareer koo yaad haye jaba duniya khuli thee" ack sthir aur khushahal gharelu jeevan key saath ack swadeshi mahila, ailaa (telfider) aur rossie (violet nelson), ack adhik garib pratham rashtra mahila key beach baatchit parr kendrit haye, joe sadak parr milane key baad gharelu durvyavahar kaa shikaar hui haye. film key adhikansh hisse mein ack lamba, akhand shott haye. film kaa premiere 2019 key berlin film festival mein peedhi karyakram mein huaa thaa, aur 2019 key torrento antarrashtriya film samaroh mein iska kanadai premiere huaa thaa. ise sarvshreshth chalchitra sahit chhah kanadai screen puraskaron key liye namankit kiya gayaa thaa aur teen jeete they. dha boddy remauls jaba duniya khuli" key nirdeshan key liye, telfeathers ney hepburn key saath sarvshreshth nirdeshak key liye kanadai screen puraskar saajha kiya. usa film ney torrento film critics association kaa 100,000 dollar kaa sarvshreshth kanadai film kaa puraskar bhee jeetaa. vishay aur mudde. unake kaam ney rung kii mahilaaon key pratinidhitva parr dhyaan kendrit karane aur pratham rashtra key vishayon aur muddon parr unakaa vishayagat dhyaan kendrit karane key liye dhyaan aakarshit kiya haye. telfeathers kathaa kathaa, vrittachitra, vrittachitra, mocumentary aur prayogaatmak film sahit madhyamon key madhyam seey kahaaniyon koo bataane key abhinav sadhanon kii khoj kartaa haye."unaki film pariyojanaon mein aamtaur parr mukhya roop seey swadeshi kalakaron aur nirmaan sadasyon key saath kaam kiya jaataa haye, joe pahale deshon aur swadeshi film nirmaataon key saath judane parr unakaa jore darshaata haye. ack film nirmaata key roop mein unakaa ack praathamik dhyaan sakriyata aur samajik nyaay parr kendrit haye aur ise mahilaaon key khilaf hinsa aur swadeshi bhoomi key ksharan jaise muddon key khilaf ahinsak pratyaksh kaarravaai key roop mein upayog karane key tareeke key roop mein film kaa drishtikon haye."unaki film aur karyakarta gatividhiyon kaa dhyaan una muddon parr kendrit haye joe seedhe swadeshi mahilaaon aur samudaayon seey sambandhit hain aur prabhaavit karate hain. puraskar aur maanyata. unhone vibhinn antarrashtriya film samarohon mein puraskar jeete hain aur namankit kiye gaye hain, aur samajik nyaay mein nihit unake kaam key liye unhein maanyata dee gaee haye. ullekhaniya maanyata mein ack ubharate hue film nirmaata key roop mein kodak chhavi puraskar, venkuvar meyer kaa kalaa puraskar praapt karna shamil haye. unhein see. bee. see. key "yuva swadeshi netaonh 2015 mein dekhane key liye 5 under 30" mein shamil kiya gayaa haye. unaki aatmakathaatmak laghu film "vidrohi (bihtos)" koo 2014 key torrento antarrashtriya film mahotsav mein sheersh duss laghu filmon mein seey ack kaa naam diyaa gayaa thaa. ise 2015 mein ciatal antarrashtriya film mahotsav mein sarvshreshth vrittachitra seey bhee sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. 2017 mein, telfeathers ney see. bee. see. film "unclaimed" mein apane kaam key liye ack naatakiya karyakram yaa seemit shrinkhala key liye sarvshreshth abhinetri key liye kanadai screen puraskar jeetaa, saath hii film samaroh mein venkuvar mahilaaon mein sarvshreshth pradarshan key liye puraskar bhee jeetaa. 2019 key venkuvar antarrashtriya film mahotsav mein, telfeathers aur unaki saha-nirdeshak cathleen hepburn koo unaki film key liye 25,000 dollar kaa sarvshreshth bee. see. film puraskar milaa "jaba duniya khuli tou shareer yaad kartaa haye. telfeathers ney 17,500 bee. see. kaa ubharata huaa film nirmaata puraskar bhee jeetaa. 2022 mein 10vein kanadai screen awards mein unhone "night redders" mein apane pradarshan key liye sarvshreshth abhinetri kaa kanadai screen puraskar jeetaa, aur unaki vrittachitra film "ney sarvshreshth feature lenth vrittachitra kaa puraskar jeetaa. vyaktigat jeevan. telfider apane samay koo vancouver kanada, rakt bhandar aur norwey mein sapmi kshetra key beach vibhajit kartaa haye. vaha pratham rashtra samudaayon koo prabhaavit karane vaale muddon kii vakaalat karane mein sakriya haye. 2011 mein, unhein alberta rakt bhandar mein ack drilling site key pravesh dwaar parr shantipurna nakabandi mein bhaag lene key liye giraftar kiya gayaa thaa.

ell-maiza tilefethers ele-maaya apiniskim tilefeathers (1986ralli janisida) kenadaada modala kainai raashtrada kappu paadada mattu saami chalanachitra nirmaapaka, nata mattu nirmaapaka. aake aneka kenadian parade prashastigalu seridante tamma chalanachitra kaaryakkaagi halavaaru prashastigalannu geddiddaare. cardston, albertadalli janisida tilefeathers, chalanachitra nirmaapakaraagi vrattijeevanavannu praarambhisuva modalu 2000 rahra dashakada koneyalli natisalu praarambhisidaru. jagattu teredukondaga dehavu nenapisikolluttade" endu nirdeshisiddakkagi, avaru cathleen hepburn avarondige atyuttama nirdeshakanemba kenadian paradeya prashastiyannu hanchikondaru. aaa chalanachitravu toronto philm critics association $100,000 rosers atyuttama kenadian chalanachitra prashastiyannu saha geddukonditu. arambhika jeevana. narveya saami hakkugala kaaryakarta mattu patrakartaraada jaarne store-jacobsen mattu kenadaada kainai kaaryakarta mattu doctor esthar tilefethers avarige tilefethers janisidaru. aakeya poshakaru aastreliyaadalli nadeda jagatika sthaliya janara sammelanadalli bhetiyaadaru mattu swalpa samayada nantara vivaahavaadaru. vrattijeevana. talefeathers avaru vancouver philm shaleyalli natane adhyayana maadidaru, mattu 2006 ralli padavi padedaru mattu nantara british columbia vishvavidyaalayakke teralidaru, allie avaru modala rashtragala adhyayanadalli padavi padedaru mattu 2011 ralli mahileyaru mattu linga adhyayanadalli apraaptaraagiddaru. swalpa samayadavarege natisida nantara, tilefeathers chalanachitra nirmaanadatta gamanavannu kendrikarisidaru mattu barahagara, nirdeshaka mattu nirmaapakaraagi kelasa maadalu praarambhisidaru. british columbia vishvavidyaalayadalliddaaga aake chalanachitra upakaranagalu mattu editing software annu balasalu praarambhisidaru. "rakta". "bloodland" (2011) ondu prayogika kiruchitravagiddu, kenada mattu vishvadaadyanta fracking abhyasagala bagge vyaakhyaanavannu niiduttade. idannu yootyubnalli kaanabahudu, allie idannu 2013 ralli nishkriya chalavaliyondige oggattaagi saarvajanikagolisalaayitu. ee kiruchitravu kenadaadallina prastuta fracking abhyasagala bagge pratikriyeyagi mahileyobbalannu hididittu koreyuva rupaka chithranavannu balasuttade. ee yojanege rakta budakattu mukhyastharu mattu mandaliyu vitaranaa check moolaka dhanasahaya needitu mattu idara parinaamavaagi vividha anila mattu taila kampanigala aadaaya mattu cree sampanmoolagalinda parokshavagi dhanasahaya padeyitu. lethbridgenalli adara prathama pradarshanadalli ee chalanachitravu uttama pratikriye padeyitu mattu sthaliya bhumigalalli fracking abhyaasada bagge hecchina rashtriya charcheya vishayavaagittu. ee kelagina chalanachitrotsavagalige ee chalanachitravannu ayke maadalaayituh "" "ondu kempu hudugiya tarka". "aa redd gurles reasoning" (2012) kenadaadalli kaaneyaada mattu koleyaada sthaliya mahileyara hechchuttiruva sankhyege pratikriyeyagi rachisalaada kiruchitravagide. ee chitravu laingika daurjanyadinda badukulidavala sutta mattu tanna saha mahileyara dalikorarige nyayavannu taruva aakeya anveshaneya sutta kendrikrutavagide. moolatah ondu kiruchitravaagiddaroo, idu prastuta chalanachitravagi vistarisuva prakriyeyallide. ee chalanachitravu 2012rahra vancouver kreji8s spardheya vijetaraagiddu, allie chalanachitra nirmaapakarige entu dinagalli chalanachitravannu rachisalu savaalu haakalaayitu. "bandayagara (bihtas)". "rebel (bihtos)" ondu prayogika mattu asaampradaayika sakshyachitravagiddu, idaralli yuvatiyobbalu (baalahakkigalu) tanna tandeyondigina tanna sankeerna sambandhavannu kutumbada photogalu mattu aakeya hettavara pranaya mattu maduveya suttalina kutumbada siddhaantada pariksheya moolaka parishoodhisuttaale."bihtos" "animation, maru-abhinayagalu mattu archival photogalannu samyojisuttade, [mattu] avala hettavara pouraanika prema katheya visarjane mattu adhu avala vayaska jeevanadalli preetiya grahikeyannu hege banniside embudara bagge vivarisuttade"." "bihtos" modala baarige 2014 ralli kaalpanika chalanachitrotsavadalli pradarshisalaayitu. "cjnam, nagarada munchina nagara". "cjnam", "nagarada munchina nagara" (2017) eega vancouver endu kareyalpaduva pradeshada bhumiya itihaasada kuritaada chalanachitravagide. muskium fust nation sahabhagitvadalli nirmisalaada ee chalanachitravu yuu. bii. sii. yalliruva maanavashaastrada vastusangrahalaya, vancouverna vastusangrahalaya mattu muskium saamskrutika kendrada sahabhagitvadalli aayojisalaada dodda pradarshanada bhagavagittu. "jagattu teredaaga dehavu nenapisikolluttade". cathleen hepburn jote saha-nirdeshanadalli, "jagattu teredaaga dehavu nenapisuttade", sthira mattu santoshada deshiya jivanavannu hondiruva sthaliya mahile aila (tilefeathers) mattu rossi (violet nelson), avaru beediyalli bhetiyaada nantara, kevala deshiya durupayogakke baliyaada hecchu bada modala raashtrada mahile naduvina samvahanavannu kendrikarisuttade. chitrada bahupalu bhagavu ondu uddavaada, muriyada drashyavannu olagondide. ee chalanachitravu 2019rahra burlin chalanachitrotsavadalli piligeya kaaryakramadalli prathama pradarshanagonditu mattu 2019rahra toronto antaaraashtriya chalanachitrotsavadalli adara kenadian prathama pradarshanavannu hondittu. idu atyuttama chalanachitra seridante aaru kenadian paradeya prashastigalige naamanirdeshanagonditu mattu mooru prashastigalannu geddukonditu. jagattu teredukondaga dehavu nenapisikolluttade" emba nirdeshanakkagi, hepburn avarondige atyuttama nirdeshakanemba kenadian paradeya prashastiyannu tilefeathers hanchikondaru. aaa chalanachitravu toronto philm critics association $100,000 rosers atyuttama kenadian chalanachitra prashastiyannu saha geddukonditu. vishayagalu mattu samasyegalu. aakeya kelasavu bannada mahileyara praatinidhyagala mele kendrikarisiddakkagi gamanavannu seledide mattu modala raashtrada vishayagalu mattu samasyegala mele aakeya vishayada gamanavannu kendrikariside. talefeathers "kathaa kadambari, docudrama, sakshyachitra, anaku mattu prayogika chalanachitra seridante madhyamagala moolaka kathegalannu heluva naveena vidhaanagalannu anveshisuttade."aakeya chalanachitra yojanegalu samanyavagi prathamikavagi sthaliya patravarga mattu nirmaana sadasyarondige kaaryanirvahisuttave, idu modala rashtragalu mattu sthaliya chalanachitra nirmaapakarondige todagisikollalu aakeya ottu niiduttade. chalanachitra nirmaapakaraagi avara praathamika gamanavu kriyaavaada mattu samajika nyaayavaagide mattu "mahileyara viruddhada himsachara mattu sthaliya bhumiya avanatiyantaha vishayagala viruddha ahimsaatmaka nera kramada ondu roopavaagi adannu balasuva maargavaagi chalanachitravannu balasuttade."aakeya chalanachitra mattu kaaryakartara anveshanegalu sthaliya mahileyaru mattu samudaayagalige neravagi sambandhisiruva mattu avugala mele parinama beeruva vishayagala mele kendrikarisuttave. prashastigalu mattu mannane. aake vividha antaaraashtriya chalanachitrotsavagalalli prashastigalannu geddiddaare mattu namanirdeshanagondiddare mattu samajika nyaayadalli berooriruva avara kelasakkagi gurutisalpattiddaare. gamanarha mannaneyu udayonmukha chalanachitra nirmaapakaraagi kodak image prashasti, vancouver mayer arts prashastiyannu padeyuvudannu olagondide. aake sii. bii. sii. yaya "yuva sthaliya nayakaruh 2015ralli vikshisalu 5 varshadolagina 30". avara aatmacharitreya kiruchitra "rebel (bihtos)" 2014rahra torranto antaaraashtriya chalanachitrotsavadalli agra hattu kiruchitragalalli ondendu hesarisalpattitu. 2015ralli nadeda ciatal antaaraashtriya chalanachitrotsavadalli atyuttama sakshyachitra prashastiyannoo saha idu padeyitu. 2017ralli, talefeathers avaru cbc chalanachitra "unlemed" nallina avara kelasakkagi natakiya karyakrama athawa seemita saranigaagi atyuttama natigaagi kenadaada paradeya prashastiyannu geddaru, jotege chalanachitrotsavadalli vancouver women nalli atyuttama abhinayakkagi prashastiyannu geddaru. 2019rahra vancouver antaaraashtriya chalanachitrotsavadalli, tilefeathers mattu aakeya saha-nirdeshaka cathleen hepburn tamma chalanachitra "dhii baadi remores even dhii worled break open" gaagi $25,000 atyuttama bii. sii. chalanachitra prashastiyannu padedaru. tilefeathers avaru cree. poo. 17,500 dollar gala udayonmukha chalanachitra nirmaapaka prashastiyannu saha geddaru. 2022ralli 10neey kenadian screen prashastigalalli avaru "nait riders" nallina abhinayakkagi atyuttama natigaagi kenadian screen prashastiyannu geddaru mattu avara sakshyachitra "atyuttama feature length sakshyachitrakkagi prashastiyannu geddukonditu. vaiyaktika jeevana. tilefeathers tanna samayavannu vancouver kenada, rakta meesalu mattu norweyallina sapmi pradeshada naduve vibhajisuttade. avaru modala rashtragala samudaayagala mele parinama beeruva samasyegalannu pratipaadisuvalli sakriyaragiddare. 2011ralli, alberta rakta meesalu pradeshada koreyuva sthalada praveshadvaaradalli shaantiyuta digbandhanadalli bhagavahisiddakkagi aakeyannu bandhisalaayitu.

elle-maija tailfeedezhs kaanadayile kainayi phastt neshanil ninnulla oru blackfoot, saami chalachitrakaaranum nadanum nirmmaathaavumaan elle-maija apiniskym tailfeedezhs (jananam 1986). onniladhikam canadian screen avaardukal ulppede niravadhi amgeekaarangal avar thante chalachithra pravarthanangalkku nediyittundu. alberta kaardstanil janicha tailfeathers 2000 kalude avasaanathil oru chalachithra nirmmathaavaayi oru currier aarambhikkunnathin munbu abhinayam aarambhichu. lokam eppol thurannuthudangi ennu body oormmikkunnu" enna samvidaanam cheythathinu, kathleen hepbeninoppam mikacha samvidaayakanulla canadian screen award avar pankittu. torrento philim critics associationte 100,000 dollar rogezhs bestt canadian philim award aaa chithram nedi. aadyakaala jeevitam. norwayil ninnulla oru saami avakasha pravartthakanum pathrapravartthakanumaaya barney store-jacobsen, kaanadayil ninnulla kainayi aaktivisttum doktarumaaya esthar tailfeedezhs ennivarude makalaayi tailfeedezhs janichu. austreliyayil nadanna oru aagola thaddesheeyarude sammelanathil avalude maathaapithaakkal kandumuttukayum kurachu samayathinu sesham vivaham kazhikkukayum cheythu. currier. vancouver philim schoolil ninnu abhinayam padicha tailfeathers 2006ll birudam nedukayum pinneedu britiish columbia sarvakalaashaalayilekk maarukayum avide phastt nations stadeesil birudavum 2011ll sthreekalilum lingabheda padanatthilum oru minor nedi. kurachukaalatthe abhinayathinu sesham, tailfeedezhs chalachithranirmmaanathilkil shradha kendreekarikkukayum ezhuthukaariyum samvidaayakanum nirmmathaavumaayi pravartthikkaan thudangukayum cheythu. britiish columbia sarvakalaashaalayile padanakaalatthu avar chalachithra upakaranangalum editting software upayogikkaan thudangi. "rakthapatham". "canadayileyum lokamembaadumulla fracking reethikalekkurichu oru vyaakhyaanam nalkunna oru pareekshanathmaka hraswachithramaanu blud land (2011). nishkriyamaaya oru prasthaanathodulla aikyadaartyam prakadippichu 2013ll parasyamakkiya yootyoobil ithu kaanam. kaanadayile nilavile fracking reethikalekkurichulla oru abhipraayamaayi oru sthriye thadanjunirtthi thurathunnathinte roopakachithrangal hraswachithram upayogikkunnu. eee padhathikku raktagotra medhaviyum kaunsilum oru vitharana check vazhi dhanasahayam nalkukayum athinte falamaayi vividha vathaka, enna kambanikalude varumaanavum krii vibhavangalum parokshamaayi dhanasahayam nalkukayum cheythu. lethbridjile premiyaril eee chithrathinu mikacha sveekaaryatha labhichu, thaddesheeya bhoomiyile fracking sanbradaayathekkurichu oru valia deseeya charchaavishayamaayirunnu ithu. thaazhepparayunna chalachitramelakalilekku eee chithram thiranjedukkappettu "" "oru chuvanna penkuttiyude yukthi". "kaanadayil kaanaathaakukayum kollappedukayum cheiyunna thaddesheeya sthreekalude ennam vardhikkunnathinodu prathikarichukondu nirmmicha oru hraswachithramaanu "eiii redu gales reasoning" (2012). laingikaathikramathe athijeevicha oru sthriyeyum avalude saha vanithakale aakramikkunnavarkk neethi labhikkanulla avalude anweshanatheyum kendreekarichaanu eee chithram. yadhaarthathil oru hraswachithramaayirunne, ithu nilavil oru feature filimaayi vikasippikkunna prakriyayilaanu. ettu divasathinullil oru sinima nirmmikkaan chalachithra pravartthakare velluvilicha 2012 vancouver cries 8 malsarathile vijayiyaayirunnu eee chithram. "vimathan (bihtos)". "oru yuvathikal (tailfeatherukal) kudumba photokalum avalude maathaapithaakkalude pranayavum vivaahavum sambandhicha kudumba aithihyangalum parishodhikkunnathiloode avalude pithavumaayulla sankeernamaaya bandham paryavekshanam cheiyunna oru pareekshanathmakavum paarambaryetharavumaaya dokyumentariyaanu 'ribal (bihtos)'."bihtos" aanimeshan, ree-enaaktmentukal, archival phottokal enniva samyojippikkunnu, [koodaathe] avalude maathaapithaakkalude puraana pranayakathayude thakarchayeyum athu avalude praayapoorthiyaaya jeevithathile pranayathekkurichulla avalude daaranaye engane varnnabhamaakki ennathinekkurichum parishodhikkunnu." "2014-ll indigative philim festivalilaanu 'bihtos' aadyamaayi pradharshippichathu. "cjnam, nagarathinu munbulla nagaram". "cjna <unk>, the sitti biphore dhaa sitti" (2017) ippol vancouver ennariyappedunna pradeshathe bhoomiyude charithrathe aaspadamaakkunna oru feature philim aanu. maskiyam phastt neshanumaayi sahakarichu nirmmicha eee chithram yuu. bii. siyile museum oof anthropology, museum oof vancouver, maskiyam kalcharal sentar ennivayumaayi sahakarichu samghadippicha oru valia pradarshanatthinte bhaagamaayirunnu. "lokam thurannappol shareeram oorkkunnu". kathleen hepbenumaayi saha-samvidaanam cheytha "lokam thurannukidakkunna samayam oormmikkunnu", sthiravum santhushtavumaaya gaarhika jeevithamulla oru thaddesheeya sthreeyaaya aila (tailfeatherukal), theruvil kandumuttiyathinusesham gaarhika peedanatthinu irayaaya kooduthal daridrayaaya aadya raajyathile sthreeyaaya rossie (violet nelson) enniva thammilulla aashayavinimayathe kendreekarikkunnu. chithratthinte bhooribhaagavum oru neendathum thakarkkappedaathathumaaya shoat ulkkollunnu. 2019 leeii berlin philim festivalil janareshan prograamil pradharshippicha eee chithram 2019 leeii torrento anthaaraashtra chalachithrothsavathil kaanadayil pradharshippichu. mikacha chalachithram ulppede aarr canadian screen avaardukalkku naamanirddesham cheyyappedukayum moonnu puraskaarangal nedukayum cheythu. lokam eppol thurannuthudangi ennu body oormmikkunnu" enna samvidaanam cheythathinu, tailfeedezhs hepbeninoppam mikacha samvidaayakanulla canadian screen award pankittu. torrento philim critics associationte 100,000 dollar rogezhs bestt canadian philim award aaa chithram nedi. vishayangalum prashnangalum. varnnakkaraaya sthreekalude praathinidhyatthil shradha kendreekarichathiloodeyum aadyaraajyangalude vishayangalilum prashnangalilum avarude prameyaparamaaya shradha kendreekarichathiloodeyum avarude kruthikal shradha aakarshichu. aakhyaana fiction, docudrama, documentary, mokkumentari, pareekshanathmaka sinima ennivayulppedeyulla maadhyamangaliloode kathakal parayunnathinulla noothana marggangal tailfeedezhs paryavekshanam cheiyunnu."avarude chalachithra padhathikalil saadhaaranayaayi thaddesheeya abhinethaakkaleyum nirmmaana amgangaleyum ulppeduthiyittundu, ithu aadya rajyangalumaayum thaddesheeya chalachithra nirmmaathaakkalumaayum edapazhakunnathinu avar nalkia oonnal prathifalippikkunnu. oru chalachithra nirmmaathaav enna nilayil avarude praadhamika shradha kendreekarikkunnathu activisavum saamoohika neethiyum aanu, koodaathe "sthreekalkkethiraaya athikramangal, thaddesheeya bhoomiyude adapathanam thudangiya prashnangalkkethiraya ahimsaathmaka nerittulla nadapadiyude oru roopamaayi" athine upayogikkunnathinulla oru maargamaayi sinimaye sameepikkunnu."avarude chalachithra, aaktivist pravartthanangal thaddesheeya sthreekalumaayum samoohangalumaayum nerittu bandhappettathum baadhikkunnathumaaya vishayangalil shradha kendreekarikkunnu. avaardukalum amgeekaaravum. vividha anthaaraashtra chalachithramelakalil avaardukal nedukayum naamanirddesham cheyyappedukayum cheytha avar saamoohika neethiyil veroonniya pravarthanangalkku amgeekarikkappedukayum cheythittundu. oru kodak imej award, oru valarnnuvarunna chalachithra nirmmathavenna nilayil vancouver mayer arts award enniva sradheyamaaya amgeekaarathil ulppedunnu. sii. bii. siyude "yuva thaddesheeya nethaakkal 2015ll kaananulla 5 under 30" enna pattikayil avar ulppettittund. avarude aathmakathaaparamaaya hraswachithramaaya "ribal (bihtos)" 2014leeii torrento anthaaraashtra chalachithrothsavathile mikacha patthu hraswachithrangalil onnaayi thiranjedukkappettu. 2015-leeii siyaattil anthaaraashtra chalachithrothsavathil mikacha documentary award labhichu. 2017-ll, cbc sinimayaaya "unclaimed"-leeii pravarthanatthinu oru naadakeeya paripadi allengil parimitha seereesinu mikacha nadikkulla canadian screen award vancouver viman inn philim festivalil mikacha prakadanatthinulla award tailfeathers nedi. 2019 vancouver anthaaraashtra chalachithrothsavathil, tailfeedezhsinum avarude saha samvidaayakayaaya kathleen hepbane avarude "lokam thurannappol shareeram oormmikkunnu" enna chithrathinu 25,000 dollar mikacha bii. sii. chalachithra puraskaaram labhichu. tailfeedezhs bisi 17,500 dollar uyarnnuvarunna chalachithra nirmmaathaavinte puraskaaravum nedi. 2022-leeii pathaamatthe canadian screen awardil "naitt ridezhs" enna chithratthile abhinayathinu mikacha nadikkulla canadian screen award "documentary philim" mikacha feature length dokyumentarikkulla award nedi. vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam. tailfeedezhs avarude samayam kaanadayile vancouver, blud reserve, norwayile sapmi pradesham ennivaykkidayil vibhajikkunnu. onnaam rashtra samoohangale badhikkunna prashnangalkkayi vaadikkunnathil avar sajeevamaan. 2011ll alberta blud reservile drilling saittinte praveshana kavaadatthil samadhaanaparamaaya uparodhathil pankedutthathinu avale arast cheythu.

ele-mayaa telfeathers ele-mayaa epiniskim telfeathers (1986 madhye janmalela) haah canadatil kayanai first neshanmadhil blackfoot aanee saamee chitrapat nirmata, abhineta aanee nirmata aahe. tine tichya chitrapat kamasathi anek canadian screen puraskaransah anek puraskar jinkale aahet. cardston, alberta yethe janmalelya telfeedersne chitrapat nirmate mhanoon karkird suru karnyapurvi 2000 chya dashakachya uttaradhat abhinay karnyas suruvat kelee. daad boddy remools vhen daad world break open' yaa digdarshanasathi, tine cathleen hepburnsobat sarvotkrusht digdarshakacha canadian screen puraskar samayik keela. tyaa chitrapatane torrento philm critics associationcha $100,000 rosers sarvotkrusht canadian chitrapat puraskarhi jinkla. prarambhik jeevan. norvetil saamee haqq karyakarte aanee patrakar jarne store-jacobsen aanee canadatil kainai karyakarte aanee doctor esthar telfeathers yanchya potee telfiderscha janm jhaala. tiche ivadil austreliyatil jaagtik sthanik lokanchya parishadet bhetale aanee kahee kalanantar tyanni lagn kele. karkird. telfeedersne vancouver philm skoolmadhye abhinayacha abhyas keela aanee 2006 madhye padvi prapt kelee aanee nantar british kolambiya vidyapithat gelee jithe tine first nations studiesmadhye padvi aanee 2011 madhye mahila aanee ling abhyasat alpavayin padvi ghetali. kahee kaal abhinay kelyanantar, telfeedersne tiche laksh chitrapat nirmitikade valavale aanee lekhak, digdarshak aanee nirmata mhanoon kaam karnyas suruvat kelee. british kolambiya vidyapithat asatana tine chitrapat upkarane aanee sampadan software vaparnyas suruvat kelee. "raktaranjit bhoomi". "bloodland' (2011) haah eka prayogik laghupat aahe joou canada aanee jagbharatil fracking paddhatinvar bhashya karato. too yootyubavar aadhalu shakato, jithe 2013 madhye nishkriyatechya aandolanala pathimba mhanoon too sarvajanik karnyat aala hota. canadatil sadhyachya fracking paddhatinvar bhashya mhanoon yaa laghupatat eka mahilela khalee damble aanee khodale jaat asalyachi rupkatmak pratima vaparali aahe. yaa prakalpala rakt jamatiche pramukh aanee parishadene vitaran dhanadeshadvare nidhi deela hota aanee parinami apratyakshapane vividh vayoo aanee teel companyanchya utpannadvare tasech kray sansadhanandware nidhi deela gela. lethbridge yetheel tyachya pratham pradarshanat yaa chitrapatala changla pratisad midala aanee sthanik jamininmadhye fracking prathebabat haah mothya rashtriy charchecha vishay hota. khaleel chitrapat mahotsavansathi yaa chitrapatachi nivad karnyat aalih "eka laal mulicha tark". "aaa reed gearls reasoning' (2012) haah eka laghupat aahe joou canadamadhye bepatta jhalelya aanee hatya jhalelya sthanik mahilanchya vadhatya sankhyela pratisad mhanoon tayar karnyat aala hota. haah chitrapat laingik atyacharachi pidit aanee tichya sahkari mahilanvaril hallekhoranna nyay midvoon denyachya tichya prayatnambhovati kendrit aahe. mulat laghupat asala taree sadhya too eka vaishishtyapurn chitrapatat vistarnyachya prakriyet aahe. haah chitrapat 2012 chya vancouver kreji8ess spardhecha vijeta hota, jithe chitrapat nirmatyanna aath divasanchya aat chitrapat tayar karnyache aavhan denyat aale hote. "bandkhor (bihtosh)". "rebel (bihtosh)' haah eka prayogik aanee aparamparik mahitipat aahe, jyamadhye eka tarun stree (shepatiche palak) tichya vadilansobatchya tichya guntaguntichya natyacha shodh kautumbik chhayachitranchya aanee tichya palakanchya pranay aanee lagnachya aaspaschya kautumbik dantkathanchya tapasanidvare ghete."bihtosh" madhye animation, punar-abhinay aanee sangrahit chhayachitre ekatra kelee aahet, [aanee] tichya palakanchya pauranik prem katheche vighatan aanee tichya praudh jivanatil premabaddalachya tichya aakalnas kase rung dile aahe yacha abhyas keela aahe." "bihtos' haah chitrapat pahilyanda 2014 madhye kalpak chitrapat mahotsavat pradarshit jhaala. "cjnam, shaharasamorche shahar". "cēsna <unk>, daad ciity biphore daad ciity' (2017) haah tyaa bhagatil jaminichya itihasavar aadharit eka chitrapat aahe, jyala aata vancouver mhanoon olakhale jaate. muskium first nationchya bhagidarit banavalela haah chitrapat yuu. bii. see. yetheel manavvanshashastra sangrahalay, vancouverche sangrahalay aanee muskium sanskrutik kendrachya bhagidarit aayojit kelelya mothya pradarshanacha bhag hota. "jug kevha ughade padale heey sharirala aathavate". cathleen hepburnsobat saha-digdarshit, 'daad boddy remauls vhen daad world break open' heey sthir aanee anandi gharguti jeevan asaleli sthanik mahila, elah (telfeathers) aanee rastyavar bhetalyanantar gharguti atyacharacha balee tharaleli, adhik garib pahili rashtratil mahila, rosey (violet nelson) yanchyatil parasparsanvadavar kendrit aahe. chitrapatacha bahutansh bhag eka lamb, akhand drushyacha aahe. yaa chitrapatacha pratham pradarshan 2019chya berlin chitrapat mahotsavat generation programmadhye jhaala aanee 2019chya toronto aantarrashtriy chitrapat mahotsavat canadian chitrapat mahotsavat tyacha pratham pradarshan jhaale. sarvotkrusht chitrapatasaha sahaa canadian screen puraskaransathi tyala namankan midale aanee teen jinkale. daad boddy remools vhen daad world break open' yaa digdarshanasathi telfidharsne hepburnsobat sarvotkrusht digdarshakacha canadian screen puraskar samayik keela. tyaa chitrapatane torrento philm critics associationcha $100,000 rosers sarvotkrusht canadian chitrapat puraskarhi jinkla. vishay aanee mudde. tichya karyane rangeet mahilanchya pratinidhitvavar laksh kendrit kelyamule aanee pratham rashtranche vishay aanee samasyanvar tichya vishayshastriy laksh kendrit kelyamule laksh vedhale aahe. telfeathers katha katha, vruttachitra, mahitipat, mocumentary aanee prayogik chitrapat yasah madhyamandvare katha sanganyachya navinyapurn madhyamancha shodh ghete."tichya chitrapat prakalpanmadhye sahasa pramukhyane swadeshi kalakar aanee nirmiti sadasya asatat, jeey pratham rashtra aanee swadeshi chitrapat nirmatyanshi sanlagn rahnyavar tine dilela bharr darshavtat. eka chitrapat nirmati mhanoon tiche eka prathamik laksh mhanje sakriyata aanee samajik nyay aanee mahilanvaril hinsachar aanee sthanik jaminicha hasad yasarkhya muddyanviruddha ahinsak thet karvaicha eka prakar mhanoon tyacha vapar karnyacha eka marg mhanoon chitrapatakade pahane."tiche chitrapat aanee karyakartyanche upkram sthanik mahila aanee samudayanshi thet sambandhit aanee tyanchyavar parinam karananya muddyanvar laksh kendrit karatat. puraskar aanee manyata. tine vividh aantarrashtriy chitrapat mahotsavanmadhye puraskar jinkale aahet aanee namankan midale aahe aanee samajik nyayamadhye rujalelya tichya karyasathi teela manyata midali aahe. eka udayonmukh chitrapat nirmata mhanoon vancuver mahapourancha qalaa puraskar, kodak pratima puraskar milane, haah ullekhaneey sanman aahe. see. bii. see. chya '2015 madhye pahanyasarkhya tarun swadeshi netyanchya yadeet ticha samavesh aahe. tichya aatmacharitratmak laghupat' rebel (bihtos) 'laa 2014 chya toronto aantarrashtriy chitrapat mahotsavat pahilya daha laghupatanpaiki eka mhanoon naav denyat aale. 2015 madhye seatle aantarrashtriy chitrapat mahotsavat sarvotkrusht mahitipat mhanoonahi tyala sanmanit karnyat aale. 2017 madhye telfidharsne see. bii. see. chitrapat 'unclaim' madheel tichya kamasathi natyamay karyakramasathi kinwa maryadit malikesathi sarvotkrusht abhinetricha canadian screen puraskar jinkla, tasech chitrapat mahotsavat vancouver mahilanmadhil sarvotkrusht kamgirisathi puraskar jinkla. 2019 chya vancouver aantarrashtriy chitrapat mahotsavat, telfeathers aanee tichi saha-digdarshak cathleen hepburn yanna tyanchya 'daad boddy remarles vhen daad world break open' yaa chitrapatasathi ii. sha. puu. 25,000 dollarscha sarvotkrusht chitrapat puraskar midala. telfeedersne ii. sha. puu. 17,500 dollarcha udayonmukh chitrapat nirmate puraskarhi jinkla. 2022 madhye 10 vya canadian screen puraskaranmadhye tine 'nite redders' madheel tichya abhinayasathi sarvotkrusht abhinetricha canadian screen puraskar jinkla aanee tichya mahitipatane 'sarvotkrusht vaishishtyapurn lambicha mahitipat' puraskar jinkla. vaiyaktik jeevan. telfeathers ticha vel vancouver canada, rakt satha aanee norweymadheel sapmi pradesh yanchyat vibhagatat. pratham rashtranchya samudayanvar parinam karananya samasyanche samarthan karnyat tee sakriy aahe. 2011 madhye, alberta rakt rakheev bhagatil drilling sitechya praveshdvaravar shantatapurn nakabandimadhye sahbhagi jhalyabaddal teela atak karnyat aalee hotee.

ele-maya telfiderharu ele-maya epiniskim telfiderharu (janma 1986) canadako kainai pahilo rashtraka blackfoot rar sami film nirmata, abhineta, rar nirmata hun. unle afno chalchitra karyaka lagi dherai canadian screen puraskarharu sahit dherai puraskarharu jitin. cardston, albertama janmeka telfiderharule film nirmatako rupma currier suru garnu aghi 2000 ko dashakko antyama abhinaya garna thale. sharirle sansar tuteko samjhana gardacha" nirdeshanka lagi, unle cathlin hepburnsanga sarwashreshtha nirdeshakko lagi canadali screen award sajha garin. tyo filmle toranto film critics associationko $100,000 rosers best canadian film award pani jityo. prarambhik jiwan. telfiderko janma narveka sami adhikar karyakarta rar patrakar jarne store-jakobsen rar canadaka kainai karyakarta rar doctor esthar telfiderko gharma bhaeko thiyo. unka amababule astreliama bhaeko vishwawyapi adiwasiharuko sammelanma bhete rar kehi samayapachi vivaha gare. currier. telfiderharule bhyankubhar film schoolma abhinayako adhyayan gare, rar 2006 maa snatak gare rar tyasapachhi britis columbia vishwavidyalayama gae jahaan unle pratham rashtra adhyayanma degree rar 2011 maa mahila rar laingik adhyayanma nabaligko sath snatak garin. kehi samayaka lagi abhinaya garepachhi, telfiderharule afno dhyan chalchitra nirmanma kendrit garin rar lekhak, nirdeshak rar nirmatako rupma kaam garna thalin. britis columbia vishwavidyalayama afno samayama unle chalchitra upkaran rar sampadan suftware prayog garna thalin. "raktabhumi". "bloodland" (2011) ek prayogatmak chhoto film how jasle canada rar vishwabhar fracking abhyasharuma tippani pradan gardacha. yo yutyubma fela parne sakinchha, jahaan yasalai 2013 maa nishkriya andolansanga ektama sarvajanik garieko thiyo. chhoto filmle canadama halko fracking abhyasharuma tippaniko rupma ek mahilalai samatera drill garieko rupak chhawi prayog gardacha. yass pariyojanalai rakta janajati pramukh rar parishadle witaran chekmarfat witta poshan gareko thiyo, rar yasako parinamswarup apratyaksha rupma vibhinna gyas rar tel companyharuko aya, sathai cree srotaharudwara witta poshan garieko thiyo. lethbridgema yasako premiyarma filmlai ramro pratikriya prapta bhayo, rar adiwasi bhumiharuma fracking abhyasko sambandhama thulo rashtriya bahasko vishaya thiyo. yo chalchitra nimna chalchitra mahotsawharuka lagi chayan garieko thiyoh "euta rato ketiko tarka. "ae redd gearls reasoning" (2012) euta chhoto film how june canadama bepatta rar marieka adiwasi mahilaharuko badhdo sankhyako pratikriyama sirjana garieko thiyo. yo chalchitra yauna utpidanbata pidit ek zana rar afna sathi mahilaharumathi akraman garneharulai nyaya dine unko khojko waripari kendrit chha. muel rupma chhoto film bhae tapani, yo hall fitcher filmma wistar garne prakriyama chha. yo film 2012 ko bhyankubhar kreji8ess pratiyogitako vijeta thiyo, jahaan film nirmataharulai atha dinbhanda cum samayama film banauna chunauti diieko thiyo. "vidrohi (bihtos). "vidrohi (bihtos)" ek prayogatmak rar aparamparagat writtachitra how jahaan ek yuwati (telfiderharu) ley pariwarik photoharu rar afna amababuko prem sambandha rar vivaha warparko pariwarik vidyako parikshanko madhyambata afno bubasangko jatil sambandhako anweshan garchhin."bihtosle" "animation, punah-abhinayaharu, rar abhilekhiya photoharu" "sanyojan gardacha, [rar] unko amababuko pauranik prem kathako wighatan rar yasale unko wayaska jiwanma premko dharanalai kasari rung gareko chha bhanne kurama tallin gardacha." "bihtos' pahilo patak sann 2014 maa kalpanik film mahotsavma pradarshan garieko thiyo. "cjnam, saharko agadi sahar. "cēsna <unk>, saharbhanda aghiko sahar" (2017) yass kshetrako bhumiko itihasma adharit euta fitcher film how jaslai ahile bhyankuwar bhaninchha. maskiyam first neshansangko sajhedarima baneko yo film yubisiko manawashastra sangrahalaya, bhyankuwarko sangrahalaya rar maskiyam sanskritik kendrako sajhedarima rakhieko thulo pradarshaniko hissa thiyo. "sharirle sansar kahile kholieko thiyo bhanne samjhanchha. cathlin hepburnsanga saha-nirdeshit, "sharirle sansar tuteko samjhana gardacha" sthira rar sukhi gharelu jiwan bitaune adiwasi mahila ail (telfider) rar rossy (bhayolet nelson), ek adhik garib pahilo rashtra mahila jo bharkharai gharelu durwyawaharko sikar bhain, uniharu sadakma bhetepachhi bichko antarkriyama kendrit chha. filmko adhikansh bhagma euta lamo, atut sutt raheko chha. chalchitrako premiere 2019 ko berlin film festivalma generation karyakramma bhaeko thiyo, rar yasako canadali premiere 2019 toranto antarrashtriya film festivalma bhaeko thiyo. yo utkrishta chalchitrasahit chhawata canadian screen awardka lagi manonit bhaeko thiyo, rar tinawata jityo. sharirle sansar tuteko samjhana gardacha" nirdeshanka lagi, telfiderharule hepburnsanga sarwashreshtha nirdeshakko lagi canadali screen puraskar sajha gare. tyo filmle toranto film critics associationko $100,000 rosers best canadian film award pani jityo. vishaya rar muddaharu. unko kamle rangin mahilaharuko pratinidhitwama dhyan kendrit gareko rar pratham rashtraka vishaya rar muddaharuma unko vishayagat dhyan kendrit gareko karan dhyan akarshit gareko chha. telfiderharule kathatmak katha, writtachitra, writtachitra, mocumentary, rar prayogatmak film lagayat madhyamharu marfat kathaharu sunaune naveen madhyamharuko anweshan gardacha."unka chalchitra pariyojanaharuma prayaha mukhyataya swadeshi kalakar rar nirman sadasyaharu hunchhan, jasle pratham rashtraharu rar adiwasi film nirmataharusanga sanlagna hunma unko jodlai pratibimbit gardacha. ek film nirmatako rupma unko prathamik dhyan sakriyata rar samajik nyaya how rar yasalai "mahila wiruddhako hinsa rar adiwasi bhumiko ksharan jasta muddaharu viruddha ahinsak pratyaksha karbahiko rupma prayog garne tarikako rupma chalchitralai drishtikon gardacha."unko chalchitra rar karyakarta khojharu adiwasi mahila rar samudayharusanga pratyaksha rupma sambandhit rar asar garne muddaharuma kendrit chhan. puraskar rar manyata. unle vibhinna antarrashtriya chalchitra mahotsawharuma puraskarharu jitin rar namangkan gareki chhin, rar samajik nyayama nihit unko karyaka lagi manyata prapta chhin. ullekhaniya manyatama kodak chhawi puraskar, bhankuwar meyarko kala puraskar ek udiyaman film nirmatako rupma prapta garnu samawesh chha. uni cbcko "yuwa adiwasi netaharuh 2015 maa hernka lagi 5 antargat 30" maa samawesh chhin. unko atmakathatmak chhoto film "vidrohi (bihtos)" 2014 toranto antarrashtriya film mahotsavma shirsha das chhoto filmharu madhye ekko naam diieko thiyo. yasalai sann 2015 maa ciattle antarrashtriya film mahotsavma utkrishta writtachitra pani pradan garieko thiyo. sann 2017 maa telfiderle cbc chalchitra "unclaimed" maa unko kamka lagi natakiya karyakram wa simit shringkhalaka lagi utkrishta abhinetriko lagi canadali screen award jiteki thiin, sathai film mahotsavma bhyanakbhar mahilaharuma utkrishta pradarshanko lagi puraskar pani jiteki thiin. sann 2019 ko bhyankubhar antarrashtriya film mahotsavma, telfider rar unko saha-nirdeshak cathlin hepburnle uniharuko film "sharirle samjhanchha jab sansar kholiyo" kaa lagi $25,000 sarwashreshtha isa purva film puraskar prapta gare. telfiderharule 17,500 isa purwako udiyaman film nirmatako puraskar pani jiteka thie. sann 2022 maa 10 aun canadali screen awardma unle "night redder" maa afno pradarshanka lagi utkrishta abhinetriko canadali screen award jitin, rar unko writtachitra film "" ley sarwashreshtha fitcher lambaiko writtachitrako puraskar jityo. wyaktigat jiwan. telfiderharule unko samaya bhyankobhar canada, ragat bhandar, rar narveko sapmi khetra bitch vibhajan gardacha. uni pratham rashtraka samudayharulai asar garne muddaharuko wakalat garna sakriya chhin. sann 2011 maa, unlai alberta blood rijarbhama drilling siteko praweshdwarma shantipurna nakabandima bhag lieko aropma pakrau garieko thiyo.

ele-maiza telphiders ele-maiza apiniskim telphiders (1986 ray janmagrahana karithile) kanadara kainai pratham deshar jane blackfoot ebong saami chalachitra nirmata, abhineta ebong nirmata . shay taanka chalachitra karjya paain aneka canadia screen puraskara sameth aneka prashansa jitichanti . cardston, alberta thaare janmita, telfithers jane chalachitra nirmata bhabare kyariyara arambha kariba purbaru 2000 dashkar shesh bhagare abhinai arambha karithile. daa buddy remombers wareld break open" rahr nirdeshana paain, shay cathlin hepabarnanka saha shrestha nirdeshaka bhabare canadia screen puraskara anshidara karithile. ehi chalachitrati torranto film critics associationara $100,000 rosers shrestha canadia chalachitra puraskara madhya jitithila. prarambhika zeeban. telfithers narawera jane saamee adhikara karjyakarta ebong sambadika barney store-jacobsen ebong kanadara kainai karjyakarta tatha daktara ester telphidarsnka ghare janmagrahana karithile. taanka pitamata astreliaare eka biswa swadeshi lokanka sammilaneere sakhyata karithile ebong kichhi samai parey bibaha karithile. kyariyara. telfithers bhankuvar film schoolre abhinai adhyajana karithile, ebong 2006 ray snataka hoithile ebong taa 'parey british kalambia biswabidyalajaku jaithile jeunthare shay pratham rastra adhyajanare degree ebong 2011 ray mahila ebong linga adhyajanare eka nabalaka sahita snataka hoithile. kichhi samai paain abhinai kariba parey, telfithers chalachitra nirmana upare dhyana kendrit karithile ebong jane lekhaka, nirdeshaka ebong nirmata bhabare karjya kariba arambha karithile. british kalambia biswabidyalajare thiba samajare shay chalachitra upakarana ebong sampadana saphtawer byabahara kariba arambha karithile. "raktakta bhumi". "bloodland" (2011) eka parikhyamulaka khudra chalachitra jaahaa kanada ebong saaraa bisware franking abhyasa upare eka mantabya pradan kare . ehaaku jutyubare dekhibaku miliba, jeunthare ehaaku 2013 ray sarbajaneena karajaithila, aau kaunasi andolana naahin bolly ekatmata sahita. ehi khudra chalachitrati kanadara barttamanara franking abhyasa upare eka mantabya bhabare jane mahilanku atakai ebong drill karajauthiba rupaka chitra byabahara kare . ehi prakalpaku rakta janajati mukhya ebong parishad dwara eka bitarana check madhyamare panthi jogai diajaithila, ebong phalaswaroopa parokhya bhabare bibhinna gas ebong taila company tatha cree sambalara aaja dwara panthi jogai diajaithila. lethabrijare ehara primijarare chalachitrati bhal bhabare grahan karajaithila, ebong swadeshi jamire franking abhyasa bishajare eka bruhattara jatiah bitarkara bishai thila . ehi chalachitrati nimnalikhita chalachitra mahostaba paain manoneet hoithilah "" "eka laal jhiara jukti. "aii redd gearls rijaning" (2012) heuchhi eka khudra chalachitra jaahaa kanadare nikhoja ebong hatya karajaithiba swadeshi mahilanka bardhita sankhyara pratikrijare srusti karajaithila. ehi chalachitrati jouna nirjatanara jane uttarajibi ebong taanka saha-mahilanka aakramanakareenku nyaaja deba paain taanka anusandhanaku kendra curry . moolatah eka khudra chalachitra hoithibabele, ehaa bartamana eka fitcher film bhabare bistara karibara prakrijare achhi . ehi chalachitrati 2012 bhanakyuvara kreji8 pratijogitara bijeta thila, jeunthare chalachitra nirmatamananku aatha dinaru comm samajare eka chalachitra nirmana karibaku challenge karajaithila . "bidrohi (bihtos). "bidrohi (bihtos)" heuchhi eka parikhyamulaka ebong anaparamparika documentary jeunthire jane jubatee (telfider) paribarika phato ebong taanka pitamatanka prem samparka ebong bibahaku gheri rahithiba paribarika gyanara parikhya madhyamare taanka pitanka sahita taanka jatila samparkaku anusandhana karanti ."bihtos" "animation, rii-enctment ebong archive phatogudiku ekatra kare, [ebong] taanka pitamatanka pouranika prem kahanira absan ebong ehaa kipari taanka bayaska jeebanare prem bishajare tankara dharanaku ranga deichi ." "bihtos' pratham thara paain 2014 ray kalpanashila chalachitra mahostabare pradarshita hoithila . "cēsna <unk>, sahara sammukhare thiba sahara. "cēsna <unk>", "sahara purbaru thiba sahara" (2017) heuchhi sehi anchalara jamira itihas upare eka fitcher film jaahaa bartamana bhanakyuvara bhabare janashuna . muskiam farst nession sahita bhagidarire nirmita ehi chalachitrati jayu. bii. sii. rahr museum off anthropology, bhanakyuvar museum ebong muskiam sanskrutika kendra sahita bhagidarire eka bruhata pradarshanira ansha thila . "sharira maneh pakaae jetebele dunia kholithila. cathlin hepwarnanka saha saha-nirdeshita, "daa buddy remiles wen daa warld break open" eka sthira ebong sukhee gharoi zeeban thiba jane swadeshi mahila aila (telfider) ebong roji (violet nelson), eka adhika gariba pratham rastra mahila, jieki gharoi durbyabaharara shikara hoichhanti, rasta upare bhetiba parey, semananka madhyare parasparika kriya upare kendra kare . chalachitrara adhikansha ansha gotie lamba, abichhedya drushyaku nei gathita . ehi chalachitrati 2019 berlin chalachitra mahostabare generation prograamare premiyara hoithila, ebong 2019 torranto antarjatija chalachitra mahostabare ehara canadia premiyara hoithila . ehaa shrestha chalachitra sameth chhaati canadia screen puraskara paain manoneet hoithila ebong tinoti jitithila . daa buddy remombers warld break open" rahr nirdeshana paain, telfithers hepabarnanka saha shrestha nirdeshaka paain canadia screen puraskara anshidara karithile. ehi chalachitrati torranto film critics associationara $100,000 rosers shrestha canadia chalachitra puraskara madhya jitithila. prasanga ebong prasanga. tankara karjya rangina mahilanka pratinidhitwa upare dhyana deba ebong pratham rastrara bishai ebong prasanga upare tankara bishajagata dhyana paain dhyana akarshana karichhi . telfithers "barnanatmaka kalpanika, docutrama, documentary, makumentari ebong parikhyamulaka chalachitra sameth madhyama madhyamare kahani kahibara abhinaba madhyama" anusandhana kare ."taanka chalachitra prakalpare sadharanatah mukhyatah swadeshi kalakara ebong prodoxon sadasyamane kaama karanti, jaahaa pratham rastra ebong swadeshi chalachitra nirmatamananka sahita jadita heba upare tankara gurutwaku pratiphalita kare . jane chalachitra nirmata bhabare tankara eka prathamika dhyana heuchhi sakrijata ebong samajika nyaaja ebong chalachitraku "mahilanka birodhare hinsa ebong swadeshi jamira abakhyai pari prasanga biruddhare ahinsa pratyakhya karjyanusthanara eka roop bhabare byabahara karibara eka upaiah bhabare drustikona ."tankara chalachitra ebong karjyakartanka prayasa sehi prasanga upare dhyana deithae jaahaa sidhasalakha swadeshi mahila ebong sampradai sahita jadita ebong prabhabita kare . puraskara ebong swekruti. shay bibhinna antarjatija chalachitra mahostabare puraskara jitichanti ebong manoneet hoichhanti, ebong samajika nyajare nihita taanka karjya paain swekruti paichanti . ullekhaneeah swekruti madhyare eka kodak emage puraskara, jane udiyamana chalachitra nirmata bhabare bhanakyuvar mejaranka kalaa puraskara grahan kariba antarbhukta . shay sii. bii. sii. rahr "juba swadeshi netah 2015 ray dekhiba paain 5 under 30" ray antarbhukta hoichhanti. tankara atmajibanimulaka khudra chalachitra "bidrohi (bihtos)" 2014 torranto antarjatija chalachitra mahostabare shrestha dasha khudra chalachitra madhyaru gotie bhabare namit hoithila . 2015 ray ceatle antarjatija chalachitra mahostabare ehaa shrestha documentary madhya puraskruta hoithila . 2017 ray, telfithers eka natakiah karjyakram kimba seemita sirij paain canadia screen puraskara jitithile jaahaa sibisi chalachitra "unclaimed" ray taanka karjya paain, ebong chalachitra mahostabare bhanakbhar mahila ray shrestha pradarshan paain eka puraskara . 2019 bhanakyuvara antarjatija chalachitra mahostabare, telphiders ebong taanka saha-nirdeshaka cathlin hepburn semanankara chalachitra "daa buddy remiles hwejara daa warld breakon" paain $25,000 shrestha bisi chalachitra puraskara paithile. telfithers madhya 17,500 khreestapoorba udiyamana chalachitra nirmata puraskara jitithile. 2022 ray 10maha canadian screen puraskarare shay "night redder" ray abhinai paain shrestha abhinetri paain canadian screen puraskara jitithile, ebong taanka documentary chalachitra "shrestha fitcher lenth documentary paain puraskara jitithila . byaktigata zeeban. telfithers taanka samajaku bhanakyuvar kanada, rakta bhandara ebong narawera sapami anchala madhyare bibhakta kare . shay pratham rastrara sampradajagudiku prabhabita karuthiba prasangagudika paain okilati karibare sakriya achanti. 2011 ray, alberta rakta bhandarare eka driling citer prabesha dwarare eka shantipurna abarodhare anshagrahana paain tanku girapha karajaithila.

aile-maija telfiders aile-maija apiniskim telfiders (janam 1986 witch) canada witch kainai pahile rashter toon ikk blackfoot atey saami film nirmata, adakar atey nirmata haii. uss neey aapne film kamm laee kaee parshansa prapat keete hunn, jinhan witch kaee canadian screen puraskar shamal hunn. cardsten, alberta witch paida hoye, telfiders neey ikk film nirmata dey roop witch aapna carrier shuru curran toon pahilan 2000 dey dahake dey akheer witch adakari shuru keeti. sareer noon yaad haii jadon dunia khullhi see" dey nirdeshan laee, usne cathleen hapburn naal sarbottam nirdeshak daa canadian screen award sanjha keeta. uss film neey torranto film critics association daa 100,000 dallar daa rosers sarbottam canadian film puraskar vee jittiaa. mudhla jeevan. telfiders daa janam narve dey ikk saami adhikar karkun atey pattarkar, jaarne store-jacobson atey canada dey kainai karkun atey doctor asther telfiders dey gharr hoiaa see. uss dey maape australia witch ikk vishwaviaapi savdeshi lokan dee conferences witch mille atey kujh samein baad unhan neey viaah karwa liaa. carrier. telfiders neey vancouver film school witch adakari dee padahi keeti, atey 2006 witch graduate hoee atey firr british columbia university witch chalee gaee jitthe uh pahile rashter dey adhiaen witch digri atey 2011 witch aurtan atey ling adhiaen witch nabalag naal graduate hoee. kujh samein laee adakari curran toon baad, telfiders neey aapna dhiaan film nirman vall tabdil qarr ditta atey ikk lekhak, nirdeshak atey nirmata vajon kamm karna shuru qarr ditta. british columbia university witch aapne samein dauran usne film upkarnan atey sampadan software dee varton curney shuru qarr ditti. "khoon dee dharti". "bloodland" (2011) ikk prayogatmak laghu film haii joe canada atey dunia bharr witch fracking abhiaasan baare ikk tippni pesh kardi haii. ih yootioob utte paaiaa jaa sakda haii, jitthe iss noon 2013 witch bekaar andolan naal ikjutta witch jantak keeta giaa see. laghu film witch canada witch maujuda fracking abhiaasan utte tippni vajon ikk aurat noon hethan rakkhan atey drill curran dee roopak chittarkari dee varton keeti gaee haii. iss project noon khoon kabile dey mukhi atey consul duaara ikk vandd check raahin fund ditta giaa see, atey natije vajon asidhe taur 'teey vakkh-vakkh gais atey tail companyan dee aamdan dey naal-naal cree sarotan duaara fund ditta giaa see. film noon lathbridge witch iss dey premiere witch changi tarahan prapat keeta giaa see, atey ih savdeshi zaminan witch fracking dey abhiaas dey sambandh witch ikk vaddi rashtari bahis daa visha see. film noon heth likhe film festival laee chunhiaa giaa seeuuu "" "ikk laal kuddi daa tarak. "aii redd gerals reasoning" (2012) ikk laghu film haii joe canada witch laapta atey katal keetiaan gaeeaan savdeshi aurtan dee vaddh rahee ginti dey jawab witch banayi gaee see. ih film jinsi shoshan toon peedat ikk viakati atey uss deeaan saathi aurtan dey hamlavaran noon niaan divaun dee uss dee khoj dey duaale kendrit haii. halanki ih asal witch ikk laghu film haii, iss vele ih ikk feature film witch vistaar curran dee prakiriaa witch haii. ih film 2012 dey vancouver krezi8z mukabale dee jetu see, jitthe film nirmatavan noon atth dinan toon ghatt samein witch ikk film banaun dee chunhauti ditti gaee see. "baagi (behtos). "ribble (behtos)" ikk prayogatmak atey gair-ravaiti dastavezi film haii jitthe ikk naujwan aurat (telfiders) aapne pitaa naal aapne gunjhaldar rishte dee parivarak fotoan atey aapne maapiaan dey prem sambandh atey viaah dey aale duaale dey parivarak birtant dee jaanch duaara khoj kardi haii."behtos" animation, rii-enctments atey archival fotoan noon jodada haii, [atey] uss dey maapiaan dee mithihasak prem kahani dey bhang honn atey iss neey uss dey baalag jeevan witch piaar baare uss dee dharna noon kiven rangiaa haii, iss witch dunghai naal khoj karda haii." "behtos' pahili vaar 2014 witch kalpanasheel film festival witch pradarshit keeti gaee see. "cēsna <unk>, shehar toon pahilan daa shehar. "cēsna <unk>" (2017) iss khetar witch zameen dey itihaas utte ikk feature film haii jiss noon hunn vancouver vajon janhiaa jaanda haii. ih film 'muskeem fust neshan' naal bhaiwali witch banayi gaee see, ih film yuu. bee. see. vikhe 'ajaib gharr manav vigiaan', 'vancouver' dey ajaib gharr atey 'maskeem sabheyacharak kendra' naal bhaiwali witch rakkhi gaee ikk vaddi pardarshani daa hissa see. "sareer noon yaad haii kii sansar kadon khulhiaa see. cathleen hapburn naal sahi-nirdeshit, "sareer noon yaad haii kii jadon dunia khullhi see", ikk sathir atey khushhal gharelu jeevan vaali ikk savdeshi aurat, aaeela (telfiders) atey rozzy (violet nelson), ikk vadhere garib pahili rashter dee aurat joe gharelu shoshan daa shikar hoee haii, dey vichkaar gallbat 'teey kendrit haii, jadon uh glee witch milde hunn. film dey ziaadaatar hisse witch ikk lamma, attutt shaat haii. film daa premiere generation program witch 2019 barlin film festival witch keeta giaa see, atey 2019 torranto antarashtari film festival witch iss daa canadian premiere hoiaa see. iss noon sarbottam motion picture samet chhe canadian screen awardan laee namzad keeta giaa see atey tinn jitte sunn. sareer noon yaad haii jadon dunia khullhi see" dey nirdeshan laee, telfiders neey hapburn naal sarbottam nirdeshak laee canadian screen award sanjha keeta. uss film neey torranto film critics association daa 100,000 dallar daa rosers sarbottam canadian film puraskar vee jittiaa. vishe atey mudde uss dey kamm neey rung deeaan aurtan deeaan numaindagiaan 'teey dhiaan kendrat curran atey pahile rashter dey vishiaan atey muddiaan' teey uss dey thematic focus laee dhiaan khichiaa haii. telfiders birtantak glup, dastavezi natak, dastavezi, nakli atey prayogatmak film samet madhiaman raahin kahaniaan noon dassan dey navintakari sadhanan dee padchol karda haii."uss dey film projectan witch aam taur utte mukkh taur utte savdeshi kalakaran atey nirman memberan naal staff hunda haii, joe pahile deshan atey savdeshi film nirmatavan naal juden utte uss dey zor noon darsaunda haii. ikk film nirmata dey roop witch uss daa ikk mukkh kendra sargarmi atey smajik niaan haii atey iss noon aurtan virudh hinsa atey savdeshi zameen dey nighar varge muddiaan virudh ahinsak siddhi karvai dey ikk roop vajon vartan dey tarike vajon film noon aproch karda haii."uss dee film atey karkun khoj uhanan muddiaan 'teey kendrat haii joe siddhe taur' teey savdeshi aurtan atey bhaichariaan naal sabandhat hunn atey prabhavit karde hunn. puraskar atey maanta. uss neey vakkh-vakkh antarashtari film festivalan witch puraskar jitte atey namzad keeta giaa haii, atey smajik niaan witch uss dey kamm laee maanta prapat keeti gaee haii. ikk ubbhar rahey film nirmata dey roop witch ikk kodak chittar puraskar, vancouver mayer daa qalaa puraskar prapat karna mahattavpuran maanta witch shamal haii. uss noon see. bee. see. dey "naujwan savdeshi netavaon 2015 witch dekhan laee 5 under 30" witch shamal keeta giaa haii. uss dee swaijivani sambandhi laghu film "ribble (behtos)" noon 2014 torranto antarashtari film festival witch choti deeaan dass laghu filman vicchon ikk daa naam ditta giaa see. iss noon 2015 witch seatle antarashtari film festival witch sarbottam dastavezi film naal vee sanmanit keeta giaa see. 2017 witch, telfiders neey see. bee. see. film "unlamed" witch aapne kamm laee ikk nataki program jaan seemat luddy laee sarbottam abhinetri daa canadian screen award jittiaa, naal hii film festival witch vancouver aurtan witch sarbottam pardarshan laee ikk puraskar vee jittiaa. 2019 vancouver antarashtari film festival witch, telfiders atey uss dee sahi-nirdeshak cathleen hapburn noon unhan dee film "baadi yaad kardi haii jadon dunia khullh gaee" laee $25,000 daa sarbottam bee. see. film puraskar miliaa. telfiders neey 17,500 bee. see. daa ubbharda film nirmata puraskar vee jittiaa. 2022 witch 10ven canadian screen awardan witch uss neey "night redders" witch aapni karguzari laee sarbottam abhinetri daa canadian screen award jittiaa, atey uss dee dastavezi film "neey sarbottam feature lambai dastavezi daa puraskar jittiaa. nijji jeevan. telfiders aapna samaan vancouver canada, blood reserve atey narve witch sapmi khetar witch vandada haii. uh pahile rashter dey bhaichariaan noon prabhavat curran vaale muddiaan dee vakalat curran witch sargaram haii. saal 2011 witch, uss noon alberta blood reserve witch ikk drilling site dey pravesh duaar utte shantipuran nakabandi witch hissa lainn laee griftar keeta giaa see.

ele-maayaa telafeedars ele-maayaa apiniskim telfeethers (1986 tame varshe janma) kashchan blockfoot tathaa saami chalacchitranirmaataa, abhinetaa, nirmata cha asti yah kenada-deshasya kainai-prathama-rashtrasya asti. saa swasya chalacchitrakaaryaartham bahwyah prashamsaapatraani praapnot, yeshu bahwyah kenada-deshasya chalachchitrapuraskaaraah api santi. cardston, alberta-nagare janma praapnot, telfeethers ityayam chalacchitranirmaataaroopena vruttijeevanam aarabhy 2000 tamasya dashakasy ante abhinayam aarabdhavaan. da baadee remores kasmim yaavat da world break open" iti nirdeshanartham saa cathleen hepburn ityanena saha sarvashreshtanirdeshakaroo kenadan-screen-puraskaram samabhagena praapnot. saha chalachchitrah torrento-chalacchitra-vimarshakaa-sanghasya $100,000 rosers-sarvashreshta-kenadian-chalacchitra-puraskaram api praapnot. praarambhikajeevanam. naarve-deshasya saami-adhikaar-kaaryakartuh patrakaarah cha jaarne-store-jacobsen, tathaa kenada-deshasya kainai-kaaryakartri tathaa vaidyaa esthar-tailpheedars ityeshaa cha telfeethers ityasya janma praapnot. tasyaah maataapitarau australia-deshe vaishvika-swadesheeya-jaann-sammelane militavantah, tatah kinchitkalanantaram vivaahitaah cha. vruttihi. telfeethers ityeshaa vaanakoovar-chalachchitravidyaalaye abhinayasy adhyayanam krutvaa 2006 tame varshe snaatakapadaveem praptavan, tatah british-columbia-vishvavidyaalayam prati agacchat, yatra saa prathamaraashtr-adhyayanasya upaadhim, 2011 tame varshe mahilanam linga-adhyayanasya cha laghupatre cha snaatakapadaveem praapnot. katipayakaalam yaavat abhinayaat anantaram, telfeethers ityeshaa chalacchitranirmaanam prati dhyanam sthanantaram krutvaa, lekhakah, nirdeshaka, nirmata cha iti rupena karyam kartum aarabhat. british-columbia-vishvavidyaalaye tasyaah kaale saa chalacchitra-upakaranaam, sampaadana-tantraamshasya cha upayogam aarabhat. "raktabhoomih" iti. "bloodland" (2011) iti prayogatmakam laghupatam asti yat kenada-deshe tathaa sampoorne vishve freking-abhyasanam vishaye bhashyam pradadaati. etat yoo-tube-madhye drashtum shakyate, yatra 2013 tame varshe nishkriyasya aandolanasy saha ekaatmataam prakatitam. laghuchalachchitre kenada-deshasya vartamaanasya freking-abhyasanam vishaye tippaneeroopen, ekasyaah mahilayaha avalambanam, drill-inn iti roopaka-chitram upayujyate. iyam pariyojanaa rakta-janajaati-pramukhena, parishadena cha vitarana-dhanaadeshasy madhyamena vittaposhanam krutam, parinaamatah apratyaksharoopen vividha-anil-taila-kampanee-ityeteshaam aayen, kru-samsaadhanaih cha vittaposhanam krutam. lethbridge-nagare prathamapradarshane etat chalacchitram uttamarupena sweekrutam, tathaa cha swadesheeyeshu bhoomeshu freking-abhyasasya vishaye bruhattarasya rashtriya-vaadavivaadasya vishayam aasit. chalacchitram nimnalikhitaanaam chalacchitra-utsavanam krute chitam aasit. "raktagaatryaah tarkah" iti. "a redd gearls reasoning" (2012) iti laghuchalacchitram kenada-deshe gumitaa mrutaasu cha swadesheeya-mahilanam vardhamaanaanaam sankhyayaha pratikriyaaroopen nirmitam. etat chalacchitram yauna-utpidanaat peeditaayaah, saha-mahilanam akramanakarinam nyaayam praaptum tasyaah anveshanasya cha paritah kendritam asti. moolatah laghupatah aasit, samprati feature-film iti rupena vistaarasya prakriyayam asti. etat chalacchitram 2012 tame varshe vaanakoovar krejee8 ess spardhayam vijetam jaatam, yatra chalachchitranirmaatrubhyah ashtadineshu chalacchitrasya nirmanartham chunauteeh dattaa. "vidrohah (bihtos)" iti. "ribel (bihtos)" iti prayogatmakam aparamparitam cha vruttachitram asti yatra ekaa yuvatee (telfeethers) swapituh saha swasya sankeernam "sambandham" paarivaarik-chhayachitranam parikshanasya madhyamena, swapituh pranayavivaahasya cha pariveshtitaanaam paarivaarik-siddhaantasy cha parikshanam karoti."bihtos" iti chalachchitre "animation", "ree-enclayments", "aarkaival-chaayaachitraani cha samyojitaah santi, [tathaa] tasyaah maataapitru-maatrutulyasya pauraanika-premakathaayaah vighatanam, tathaa cha tasyaah vayaska-jeevanasya prema-dharanayaha varnanam katham krutam iti cha anveshayati." "bihtos" iti chalacchitram prathamam 2014 tame varshe kalpanaasheelachalachitre pradarshitam. "cjnam", nagarasya poorvam nagaram. "cēsna ɑːm, the nagaree poorvam" (2017) iti asya pradeshasya bhoo-itihasasya vishaye chalacchitram asti, yat adhunaa vaanakoovar iti namna prasidhah asti. maskiyam-prathama-rashtrasya sahabhagitvena nirmitam chalacchitram, yoo. bee. see.-nagarasya manavashastra-sangrahaalayasy, vaanakoovar-sangrahaalayasy, maskiyam-saamskrutika-kendrasya cha sahabhagitvena aayojite bruhattar-pradarshane bhaagah aasit. "shareeram smaryate yadaa jagatah udghaatitah. kaithleen hepburn ityanena saha-nirdeshitam, "da baadee remores da ven da world break open" iti chalacchitram, sthiram sukhee cha gruhajeevanam praptam swadesheeyaa mahilaa, ailaa (telafeedars), tathaa cha rossie (violet nelson), adhika-daridra-prathama-rashtrasya mahilaa, yaa sadyah eva gruha-durvyavahaarasya peeditah aasit, teshaam veethi-madhye militvaa, teshaam madhye samvaadam kendrayati. chalacchitrasya adhikaamsham bhaagam ekam deergham, akhandam drushyam asti. asya chalacchitrasya prathamapradarshanm 2019 berlin-chalacchitra-mahotsave janareshan-kaaryakrame abhavat, tathaa cha 2019 torrento-antarashtriya-chalacchitra-mahotsave tasya kenada-deshasya prathamapradarshanm cha abhavat. etat sarvashreshtachalachchitram sahitam shut kanadian-screen-puraskaranam krute naamaankitam, trayah cha puraskaran cha praapnot. da baadee remores kasmin samaye world-break-open abhavat" iti nirdeshanartham, telfeethers ityayam hepburn ityanena saha sarvashreshtanirdeshakaroo kenadan-screen-puraskaram samabhagena praptavan. saha chalachchitrah torrento-chalacchitra-vimarshakaa-sanghasya $100,000 rosers-sarvashreshta-kenadian-chalacchitra-puraskaram api praapnot. vishayaani cha vishayaani. tasyaah kaaryam varna-mahilanam pratinidhitvasya vishaye dhyanam adadat, prathamaraashtrasy vishayeshu samasyasu cha vishaya-vastushrayam cha adadat. telfeethers iti samsthaa "kathaa-kathaa-kathaa, vruttachitram, vruttachitram, mocumentary, prayogaatmak-chalacchitram cha ityadinam madhyamanam madhyamena kathaa-kathanasya naveena-madhyaman anveshayati."tasyaah chalacchitra-prakalpeshu praayah mukhyataya swadesheeyaah kalakaraha, nirmaana-sadasyaah cha karyam kurvanti, yena prathamaraashtraih swadesheeya-chalachchitranirmaataaraih cha saha saha sambaddhum tasyaah mahattvam pratibimbate. chalacchitranirmaatroopena tasyaah praathamik-kendreshu ekaha asti sakriyataa, samajika-nyayah cha, tathaa cha "mahilanam viruddham himsaa, swadesheeyabhoomyaah kshayah ityadinam vishayanam viruddham ahimsaatmak-pratyaksha-karyasya ruparupena chalacchitrasya upayogam kartum" maargaroopen chalacchitram prati drushtavatee."tasyaah chalacchitrasya, kaaryakartru-karyasya cha lakshyam, taddesheeyaih mahilaihi samudaayaih cha saha pratyakshataya sambadhaah prabhaawitaah cha vishayaah santi. puraskaarah, manyata cha. saa vividheshu antarashtriya-chalacchitra-mahotsaveshu puraskarartham namankita cha abhavat, samajika-nyaaye nihitanam karyanam krute cha saa manyata prapta asti. ullekhaneey-manyatam madhye kodaak-image-puraskaram, udayonmukh-chalacchitranirmaataaroopena vaanakoovar-meyar-arts-puraskaram cha antarbhavati. saa see. bee. see. ityasya "yuva-swadesheeya-netaarah 2015 tame varshe drashtum 5 under 30" ityasmin samavishta asti. tasyaah aatmakathatmak-laghuchalacchitram "ribel (bihtos)" 2014 tame varshe torrento-antarashtriya-chalacchitra-mahotsave sheershadasheshu laghupataasu anyatam iti naamaankitam. 2015 tame varshe ciatal-antarashtriya-chalacchitra-mahotsave etat sarvashreshta-vruttachitraroopena api puraskrutam aasit. 2017 tame varshe, telfeethers ityeshaa naatakeey-karyakramena athavaa seemita-shrunkhalaayaah krute, see. bee. see. ityasya "ann-claimed" iti chalachchitre tasyaah karyasya krute, tathaa chalacchitra-mahotsave vaanakoovar-mahilaa-ityasmin sarvashreshta-pradarshanasy krute, sarvashreshta-abhinetree iti kenada-deshasya chalacchitra-puraskaram praapnot. 2019 tame varshe vaanakoovar-antarashtriya-chalacchitra-mahotsave, telfeethers tathaa tasyaah saha-nirdeshaka kaithleen hepburn cha "da baadee remores da world break open" iti chalacchitrasya krute $25,000 sarvashreshta-bee. see. chalacchitra-puraskaram praaptavantah. telfeethers ityanena saa. sha. poo. 17,500 $mulyasya udayonmukh-chalacchitranirmaataa-puraskaarah api praaptah. 2022 tame varshe 10 tame kanadian-screen-puraskaareshu saa "nait-radders" ityasmin abhinayasy krute sarvashreshta-abhinetree-rupena kanadian-screen-puraskaram praapnot, tasyaah vruttachitram "sarvashreshta-feature-lenth-vruttachitrasya puraskaram cha praapnot. vyaktigatajeevanam. telfeethers ityeshaa tasyaah samayasya vibhaajanam raktasanchayasya kenada-deshasya vaanakoovar-madhye, naarve-deshasya sapmee-kshetre cha karoti. saa prathamarashtranam samudayan prabhaavitaanaam vishayanam samarthane sakriyah asti. 2011 tame varshe, alberta-rakta-samrakshana-kshetre drilling-sthalasy praveshadvaarasya shaantiyuta-avarodhe bhaagam agruhnaat iti karanat saa gruheetaa.

ell-maayaa dailfeathers ell-maayaa abiniskim dailfeathers (1986 ill piranthaar) kanadaavin muthal kainai naattaich saerntha oru blackfood mattrum saami thiraippadath thayaarippaalar, nadigar mattrum thayaarippaalar aavaar. pala kanadiya thirai viruthugal udpada thanathu thiraippadap panikkaaga pala paaraattukalai ventrullaar. carton, alberdavil pirantha dailfeathers, 2000 kalin pirpaguthiyil oru thiraippadath thayaarippaalaraaga oru tholilaith thodanguvatharku munbu nadikkath thodangkinaar. ulagam thiranthapoathu udal ninaivil kolgiradhu" enbathai iyakkiyatharkaaka, avar kathleen heppernuden sirantha iyakkunarukkaana kanadiya thirai viruthaip pagirnthu kondaar. antha padam torrando thiraippada vimarsagargal sangaththin $100,000 rojars sirantha kanadiya thiraippada viruthaiyum ventrathu. aarambagaala vaazhkkai. dailfeathers, noarvaeyin oru saami urimai aarvalar mattrum paththirigaiyaalar jorney store-jagobsen mattrum kanadaavaich saerntha kainai aarvalar mattrum doctor esthar dailfeathers aakiyoarukku piranthaar. avarathu pettroar australiavil nadantha ulagalaaviya pazhangudi makkal maanaatil santhiththanar, sirithu neeraththirkup piragu tirumanam seithu kondanar. thozhil. walfithers vancouver thiraippadap pallyil nadippaip payintru, 2006 aam aandil pattam pettraar, pinnar british kolambiya palkalaikkazhagaththirkuch sentraar, angku avar muthal naadugalin padippugalil pattam pettraar, maelum 2011 aam aandil penkal mattrum paalina aaivugalil oru mainar pattam pettraar. oru kuripitta kaalaththirku nadiththa piragu, dailfeathers thiraippadath thayaarippil thanathu kavanaththai maattri, ezhuththaalar, iyakkunar mattrum thayaarippaalaraaga paniyaattrath thodangkinaar. british kolambiya palkalaikkazhagaththil irunththa kaalaththil avar thiraippada ubakaranangkal mattrum editing menporulaip payanpaduththath thodangkinaar. "iraththappaguthi". "bloodland" (2011) enbathu kanadaavilum ulagengkilum ulla fracking nadaimuraigal kuriththa varnanaiyai vazhangkum oru soathanai kurumpadamaagum. yoodiyoopil idhaik kanalaam, angku idhu 2013 aam aandil seyalattra iyakkaththudan ottrumaiyudan pagirangkappaduththappattathu. kanadaavil tharpoothaiya fracking nadaimuraigal kuriththa karuththaaga oru penn thadutthu thulaiyidappatta uruvagap padangkalaip payanpaduththukirathu. inthath thittaththirku iraththa pazhangkudiyinath thalaivar mattrum council moolam viniyoaga kasolai moolam nidhiyalikkappattathu, idhan vilaivaaga palvaeru erivaayu mattrum ennei niruvanangalin varumaanamum, kirii valangkalum maraimugamaaga nidhiyalikkappattana. inththa padam lethpritjil adhan muthal kaatchiyil nalla varavaerpaip pettrathu, maelum ullnaattu nilangkalil fracking nadaimurai kuritthu oru periya thaesiya vivaathaththin porulaaka irunththathu. pinvarum thiraippada vizhaakkalukku inththa padam thernthedukkappattathu "" "oru sivappu pennin kaaranam". "oru sivappu pennin kaaranam" (2012) enbathu kanadaavil kaanaamal poana mattrum kollapatta pazhangudi penkalin ennikkai adhigariththu varuvatharku pathilalikkum vagaiyil uruvaakkappatta oru kurumpadamaagum. inththa padam paaliyal thaakkuthalil irunthu thapiya oru nabaraiyum, thanathu saga penkalin thaakkuthalthaarigalukku neethi vazhangkuvatharkaana avarathu thaedalaiyum maiyamaagak kondullathu. muthalil oru kurumpadamaaga irunththapoathilum, idhu tharpoothu oru thiraippatamaaga virivupaduththum paniyil ullathu. inththa padam 2012 vancouver gracy 8 poattiyin vetrtriyaalaraaka irunththathu, angku thiraippadath thayaarippaalarkal ettu naatkalukkul oru thiraippataththai uruvaakka sawal vidappattanar. "kilarchi (bihtas)". "kilarchi (bihtos)" enbathu oru soathanai mattrum vazhakkaththirku maraana aavanappadamaagum, idhil oru ilam penn (wall feethers) thanathu thanthaiyudanaana thanathu sikkalaana "uravai kudumba pugaippadangkal mattrum avarathu petrtroarin kaathal mattrum thirumanatthaich suttriyulla kudumbak koatpaadugalai aaivu seivathan moolam aaraaikiraar."" "bihtos" "animation, maruu-nadippugal mattrum kaappaka pugaippadangkalai orunginaikkirathu, [maelum] avarathu petrtroarin puraana kaathal kadhaiyin kalaippu mattrum adhu avarathu vayathu vanthoar vaazhkkaiyil kaathal pattriya avarathu karutthai evvaaru vannamayamaakkiyullathu enbathai aaraaikirathu"." "bihtos" muthanmuthalil 2014 aam aandil karpanai thiraippada vizhaavil thiraiyidappattathu. "cjnam, nagaraththirku muun ulla nagaram". "cjnam", "nagaraththirku munththaiya nagaram" (2017) ippaguthiyil ulla nilaththin varalaattraip pattriya oru thiraippatamaagum, idhu ippoathu vancouver endru azhaikkappadukirathu. maskiyam furst neshanudan inainthu thayaarikkappatta inththa padam, yuu. pii. chii. yill ulla maanudaviyal arungaatchiyagam, vancouver arungaatchiyagam mattrum maskiyam kalaachaara maiyaththudan inainthu oru periya kankaatchiyin oru paguthiyaaga irunththathu. "ulagam thiranthapoathu udal ninaivil kolgiradhu". kathleen heppernuden inainthu iyakkappatta, "ulagam thiranthapoathu udal ninaivil kolgiradhu", nilaiyaana mattrum magizhchchiyaana veettu vaazhkkaiyudan oru pazhangudi penn, ailaa (wall feetharkal) mattrum rossie (violet nelson), avarkal theruvil santhiththa piragu, veettu dushprayogaththaal paathikkappatta muthal thaesa penn. padaththin perumbaguthi oru neenda, udaikkappadaatha kaatchiyaik kondullathu. inththa padam 2019 berlin thiraippada vizhaavil thalaimurai nigazhchchiyil thiraiyidappattathu, maelum 2019 torrento sarvadesa thiraippada vizhaavil adhan kanadiyan premiier irunththathu. idhu sirantha thiraippadam udpada aaru kanadiya thirai viruthugalukku parinthuraikkappattathu, maelum moontru virudhugalai ventrathu. ulagam thiranthapoathu udal ninaivil kolgiradhu" enbathai iyakkiyatharkaaka, dailfeathers heppernuden sirantha iyakkunarukkaana kanadiyan thirai viruthaip pagirnthu kondaar. antha padam torrando thiraippada vimarsagargal sangaththin $100,000 rojars sirantha kanadiya thiraippada viruthaiyum ventrathu. karupporulgal mattrum pirachchanaikal. avarathu panii vannap penkalin pirathinithiththuvangkalil kavanam seluththiyatharkaagavum, muthal dhesaththin paadangkal mattrum pirachchanaikalil avarathu karupporul kavanam seluththiyatharkaagavum kavanaththai eerththullathu. kadhaik kadhai, aavanappadam, aavanappadam, kelichiththirap padam mattrum soathanaith thiraippadam ullitta uudakangkal moolam kadhaigalaich solvatharkaana puthumaiyaana vazhigalai dailfeathers aaraaikirathu."avarathu thiraippadath thittangal vazhakkamaaga muthanmaiyaaga ullnaattu nadigargal mattrum thayaarippu uruppinargaludan panipurigindrana, idhu muthal naadugal mattrum ullnaattu thiraippadath thayaarippaalargaludan eedupaduvatharkaana avarathu mukkiyatthuvaththai pirathipalikkirathu. oru thiraippadath thayaarippaalaraaga avarathu muthanmaiyaana kavanam seyalpaadu mattrum samooga neethi mattrum thiraippataththai anuguvathu "penkalukku ethiraana vanmurai mattrum ullnaattu nilaththin seerazhivu poantra pirachchanaikalukku ethiraana agimsai neradi nadavadikkaiyin oru vadivamaaga payanpaduththuvatharkaana oru vazhiyaagum."avarathu thiraippada mattrum aarvalar muyarchigal ullnaattu penkal mattrum samoogangaludan neradiyaaga thodarpudaiya mattrum paathikkum pirachchanaikalil kavanam seluththugindrana. viruthugal mattrum angkeekaaram. avar palvaeru sarvadesa thiraippada vizhaakkalil virudhugalai ventrullaar mattrum parinthuraikkappattullaar, maelum samooga neethiyil vaeroontriya avarathu panikkaaga angkeekarikkappattullaar. kurippidatthakka angkeekaaraththil oru koadak imaej viruthu, oru valarnthu varum thiraippadath thayaarippaalaraaga vancouver maeyarin kalai viruthu aagiyavai adangkum. avar sibisiyin "ilam ullnaattu thalaivarkal 2015 ill paarkka 5 keezh 30" ill serkkappattullaar. avarathu suyasaridhai kurumpadam "kilarchi (bihtos)" 2014 torrento sarvadesa thiraippada vizhaavil muthal paththu kurumpadangalil ontraaka peyaridappattathu. 2015 aam aandil siattil sarvadesa thiraippada vizhaavil sirantha aavanappadamum vazhangkappattathu. 2017 aam aandil, dailfeathers oru naadaga nigazhchchi allathu varaiyarukappatta thodarukkaana sirantha nadigaikkaana kanadiyan thirai viruthai ventraar, maelum sibisi thiraippataththil avarathu panikkaaga "urimai koorappadavillai", aththudan thiraippada vizhaavil vancouver penkalil sirantha nadippukkaana viruthum kidaiththathu. 2019 vancouver sarvadesa thiraippada vizhaavil, dailfeathers mattrum avarathu inai iyakkunar kathleen heppern aagiyoar thangal padaththirkaaga 25,000 dollar sirantha pisi thiraippada viruthaip pettranar. dailfeathers 17,500 billion kii. mee. valarnthu varum thiraippadath thayaarippaalar viruthaiyum ventraar. 2022 aam aandil 10 vadhu kanadiyan thirai viruthugalil avar "nite riders" padaththil nadiththatharkaaga sirantha nadigaikkaana kanadiyan thirai viruthai ventraar, maelum avarathu aavanappadam "sirantha muzhu neela aavanappadaththirkaana viruthai ventrathu. thanipatta vaazhkkai. wall feetharkal thanathu neraththai kanadaavin vancouver, iraththa iruppu mattrum noarvaeyil ulla sabmi pakuthikku idaiyil pirikkindrana. muthal naadugalin samoogangalai paathikkum pirachchanaikalukku vaathiduvathil avar theeviramaaga ullaar. 2011 aam aandil, alberda iraththa iruppup paguthiyil oru thulaiyidum thalaththin nuzhaivaayilil amaithiyaana muttrukaiyil pankettratharkaaka avar kaithu seiyappattaar.

ell-maiza tailfethers ell-maaya apiniskim tailfethers tailfethers janminchaaru) kenadaaloni kainai modati deshaaniki chendina blockfoot mariyu saami chitranirmaata, natudu mariyu nirmaata. aame thana chalanachitra paniki aneka kenadian screen avaardulatoe sahaa aneka prasamsalanu geluchukundi. cardston, albertalo janminchina tailfethers 2000la chivaralo chitranirmaatagaa vruttini praarambhinchadaaniki mundu natinchadam praarambhinchaaru. prapancham eppudu terachi poyindi anedi sariiraaniki gurtundi" anae chitraaniki darsakatvam vahinchinanduku, aame cathleen hepburntho kalisi uttama darsakudigaa kenadian screen avaardunu panchukundi. aaa chitram torranto film critics association yokka $100,000 rosers uttama kenadian film avaardunu kooda geluchukundi. prarambha jeevitam. norway nundi oka saamii hakkula kaaryakarta mariyu paatrikeyudu ayina jaarne store-jacobsane mariyu kenadaaku chendina kainayi kaaryakarta mariyu doctor esther tailfethersku tailfethers janminchaaru. aame tallidandrulu australialo jarigina prapancha swadeshi prajala samavesamlo kalusukunnaru, kontakaalam tarvaata vivaham chesukunnaru. vrutti. tailfethers vancouver film schoollo natnanu abhyasinchi, abhyasinchi pattabhadruralai, aapai british columbia vishwavidhyaalayaaniki velli, akkada aame modati deshaala adhyayanaalalo degreetho mariyu unnaaru mahilalu mariyu linga adhyayanaalalo mainartho pattabhadruraalaindi. kontakaalam natana tarvaata, tailfeathers thana drushtini chitranirmanampai kendrikarinchi, rachayita, darsakudu mariyu nirmaatagaa panicheyadam praarambhinchaaru. british columbia vishwavidhyaalayamlo unna samayamlo aame chalanachitra parikaraalu mariyu editing softwarenu upayoginchadam praarambhinchindi. "raktamu". "blood land" (2011) kenadaalo mariyu prapanchavyaaptamgaa fracking paddhatulapai vyakhyaanaanni andinche prayogaatmaka laghu chitram. idhi yootyooblo chudavachu, ikkada idhi idhi nishkriyaatmaka udyamaaniki sangheebhaavam teluputuu bahirangaparachabadindi. eee laghu chitram kenadaalo prastuta fracking paddhatulapai vyakhyaanamgaa oka mahilanu pattukuni, drill chesina roopaka chitraalanu upayogistundi. eee prajectuku rakta tega adhipati mariyu council pampinhee chekkula dwara nidhulu samakuurchaaru, phalitamgaa vividha gyaas mariyu chamuru companyla aadaayamtho paatu kri vanarula dwara parokshamgaa nidhulu samakuurchabaddaayi. eee chitram leth bridgelo daani premierlo manchi aadarana pondindi, mariyu swadeshi bhoomulalo fracking abhyaasaaniki sambandhinchi ekkuva jaateeya charchaku sambandhinchina amsam. eee chitram eee krindi chalanachitrotsavaalaku empika cheyabadindihi "oka erra ammai tarkam". "eah redd gurles reasoning" (2012) anedi kenadaalo tappipoyina mariyu hatya cheyabadina swadeshi mahilala sankhya perugutunnanduku pratispandanagaa roopondinchina oka laghu chitram. eee chitram laingika vedhimpula baadhituraalu mariyu aame thoti mahilala daadi chesina vaariki nyayam cheyalane aame anveshana chuttoo kendrikrutamai undhi. modata oka laghu chitram ayinappatikee, idhi prastutam oka chalana chitramgaa vistarinche prakriyaloo undhi. eee chitram 2012 wankwar wankwar pootiiloo vijaetagaa nilichindi, ikkada chitranirmaatalu enimidi rojullopu oka chitraanni roopondinchaalani savaalu cheyabaddaaru. "tirugubaatu (bihtas)". "tirugubaatu (bihtos)" anedi oka prayogaatmaka mariyu asaadhaaranamaina documentary, indulo oka yuva mahila (thokalu) thana tandritho thana sanklishtamaina "sambandhaanni kutumba photola pareeksha dwara mariyu aame tallidandrula prema vyavaharam mariyu vivaham chuttoo unna kutumba siddhaantam dwara anveshistundi."" "bihtos" "animation, rii-anacts mariyu archival photolanu militam chestundi, [mariyu] aame tallidandrula pouraanika prema katha yokka raddu mariyu aame vayojana jeevitamlo prema gurinchi aame avagahananu elaa rangu chesindi anae daani gurinchi vivaristundi"." "bihtas" modatisaarigaa modatisaarigaa oohaatmaka chalana chitrotsavamlo pradarsinchabadindi. "cēsna <unk>, nagaram mundu unna nagaram". "cēsna <unk>, nagaram mundu nagaram" (2017) anedi ippudu wankwar anie piluvabade praantamlooni bhoomi charitrapai oka chalana chitram. muskium fust nation bhaagaswaamyamto roopondinchina eee chitram, yubisiloni museum off anthropology, vancouver museum mariyu muskium cultural center bhaagaswaamyamto erpaatu chesina pedda pradarsanalo bhaagamgaa undhi. "prapancham eppudu terachindo sareeram gurthunchukuntundi". cathleen hepburn thoo saha-darsakatvam vahinchina, "prapancham terichinappudu sareeram gurthunchukuntundi", sthiramaina mariyu santoshakaramaina gruha jeevitamto unna sthaanika mahila ayina aila (tailfethers) mariyu rossie (violet nelson), vaaru veedhiloo kalisina tarvaata, gruha durviniyogaaniki guraina marinta paedha modati dhesha mahila madhya paraspara charyapai kendrikaristundi. eee chitramlo ekkuva bhaagam oka podavaina, vichchinnam kaani shaat kaligi untundi. eee chitram 2019 berlin film festivallo generation prograamlo pradarsinchabadindi mariyu 2019 torranto antarjaateeya chalana chitrotsavamlo daani kenadian premiyarnu kaligi undhi. idhi uttama chalana chithramtho sahaa aaru kenadian screen avaardulaku nominate cheyabadindi mariyu moodu avaardulanu geluchukundi. prapancham eppudu terachi poyindi anae vishayanni sareeram gurthunchukuntundi" anae chitraaniki darsakatvam vahinchinanduku, tailfeathers hepburntho kalisi uttama darsakudigaa kenadian screen avaardunu panchukunnaru. aaa chitram torranto film critics association yokka $100,000 rosers uttama kenadian film avaardunu kooda geluchukundi. theemlu mariyu samasyalu. aame chesina pani rangu mahilala praatinidhyaalapai drushti saarinchi, modati deshaala vishayalu mariyu samasyalapai aame nepathya drushti saarinchi drushtini aakarshinchindi. kathalu cheppe vinootna maargaalanu kathana kalpana, docudrama, documentary, mokumentarii mariyu prayogaatmaka chitraalato sahaa maadhyamaala dwara anveshistundi."aame chalanachitra prajectulu saadhaaranamgaa pradhanamgaa swadeshi taaraaganam mariyu nirmaana sabhyulatho panicheestaayi, idhi modati deshaalu mariyu swadeshi chitranirmaathalatho nimagnam kaavadaaniki aame icchina praadhaanyatanu pratibimbistumdi. oka chitranirmaatagaa aame praadhamika drushti kendrikarinche vaatilo okati kriyaaseelata mariyu saamaajika nyayam mariyu "mahilalapai himsa mariyu swadeshi bhoomi adhokaranam vanti samasyalaku vyatiraekamgaa ahimsaatmaka pratyaksha charyaga dheenini upayoginchukune maargamgaa chalanachitraanni upayogistundi."aame chalanachitram mariyu kaaryakartala anveshanalu swadeshi mahilalu mariyu samaajaalaku neerugaa sambandhinchina mariyu prabhaavitam chese samasyalapai drushti pedataayi. avaardulu mariyu gurtimpu. aame vividha antarjaateeya chalanachitrotsavaalalo avaardulaku nominate ayi, geluchukundi, mariyu saamaajika nyaayamlo paatukupoyina aame krushiki gurtimpu pondindi. pramukha gurtimpulo oka kodak image avaardu, oka abhivruddhi chendutunna chitranirmaatagaa vancouver mayer arts avaardu andukovadam unnaayi. aame cbc yokka "yuva swadeshi nayakulu 2015 loe chuudataaniki 5 under 30" loe cherchabadindi. aame sweeyacharitraatmaka laghu chitram "rebel (bihtas)" 2014 torranto antarjaateeya chalana chitrotsavamlo modati padhi laghu chitraalalo okatigaa empikaindi. idhi idhi seatal antarjaateeya chalana chitrotsavamlo uttama documentaryga kooda empikaindi. empikaindi, tailfethers oka naatakeeya karyakramam ledhaa parimita dharavahikalo cbc chitram "ann claimed" loe aame chesina krushiki uttama natigaa kenadian screen avaardunu geluchukundi, alaage chalanachitrotsavamlo vancouver umenlo uttama pradarsanaku avaardunu geluchukundi. 2019 wankwower antarjaateeya chalana chitrotsavamlo, tailfeathers mariyu aame saha-darsakudu cathleen hepburn vaari chitraaniki $25,000 uttama bisi film avaardunu andukunnaru "prapancham terichinappudu boddy gurthunchukuntundi". tailfethers kooda 17,500 bii. sii. abhivruddhi chendutunna chitranirmaata avaardunu geluchukundi. geluchukundi 10va kenadian screen avaardulalo aame "nait riders" loe thana natanaku uttama natigaa kenadian screen avaardunu geluchukundi, mariyu aame documentary chitram "uttama feature length documentaryki avaardunu geluchukundi. vyaktigata jeevitam. tailfethers aame samayanni vancouver kenada, blood reserve mariyu naarvelooni sapimi bhuubhaagam madhya vibhajistundi. modati deshaala sanghaalanu prabhaavitam chese samasyalaku maddatu ivvadamlo aame churukuga unnaaru. unnaaru, alberta blood rijarvloni drilling sait pravesadvaaram vadda saantiyuta digbandhanamlo paalgonnanduku aamenu arrestu chesaaru.

ailee mayeja tail faidarz ailee meeja appenscom tail faidarz (1986 mein paida hoyee) canada mein kinayi frust neeshan say taaluq rakhnay waali eek bleek fitt aur samee filmsaz, adaakaar aur producer haine. inhon nay apnay filmi kaam kay liye kayee aizazat jeetay haine jinn mein mutadid canadian screen ewards bhee shaamil haine. cardistin alberta mein paida honay waalay tail faidars nay batoor film saaz carrier sharoo karnay say pehley 2000 kii dahayi kay aakhir mein adakari sharoo kii. baadi remembers jabb duniya khill gayee" kii hidayat kaaree kay liyay inhon nay cathleen happ burn kay saath behtareen hidayat kaar kaa canadian screen aiward mushtarkah kiyaa. iss film nay torrento film creatics aisosi aishan kaa 100,000 ddaalar kaa behtareen canadian film kaa aiward bhee jeeta. ibtadayi zindagi. tyle faidarz naarway say taaluq rakhnay waalay saami haqoq kay kaarkan aur sahafi bajarnay store-jacobson aur canada say taaluq rakhnay waalay kinyayi kaarkan aur doctor aisthar tyle faidarz kay haan paida hoay thay. iss kay waldeen kii mulaqat australia mein eek aalimi maqami logon kii conference mein hoyee aur kachh arsey baad iss nay shaadi kirr lee. carrier. tail faidars nay venkovar film school mein adakari kii taleem haasil kii aur 2006 mein graduation kii aur phir british columbia university chalee gayein jehaan wah frust nations studies mein digri aur 2011 mein khwatin aur sanfi mutaliat mein nabaligh kay saath graduation karein gee. kachh arsey takk adakari karnay kay baad tail faidron nay apnee taujah film saazi kii taraf muntaqil kirr dee aur batoor masnaf hidayat kaar aur producer kaam karnaa sharoo kirr diyaa. british columbia university mein apnay waqat kay doraan inhon nay filmi aalat aur editing saaft wayer kaa istemaal sharoo kiyaa. "khoon kii sarzamin. "build lend" (2011) eek tajarbati mukhtasir film hay juu canada aur duniya bhar mein freking kay tareeqon parr tabsarah paish karti hay. asay utiob parr paaya jaa saktaa hay jehaan asay 2013 mein iss bay kaar tehreek kay saath yakjehti mein aam kiyaa gayaa thaa. mukhtasir film mein eek aurat kii isteyarati tasveer kaa istemaal kiyaa gayaa hay jasay canada mein freking kay maujudah tareeqon parr tabsarah kay toor parr neechey rakhaa gayaa hay aur khooda gayaa hay. iss mansubay kuu build tribe kay sarbarah aur konsal nay distry beaution cheek kay zariye maali aanat farahim kii thee aur iss kay natijay mein balwasta toor parr mukhtalif gees aur teel companiyon kii aamadni kay saath saath karee wasail say bhee maali aanat farahim kii gayee thee. film kuu leeth barj mein apnay premier mein khoob pazirayi millie aur yaha maqami zaminon mein freking kay rawaj kay hawalay say eek bury qomi bahas kaa mozua thee. film kuu darj zeel filmi mailon kay liye muntakhib kiyaa gayaa thaa: "eek sarkh ladki kii istedlal. "aey reed garlaz resning" (2012) eek mukhtasir film hay juu canada mein laaptah aur qatal shadah maqami khwatin kii badhti hoyee taadad kay jawaab mein banayi gayee thee. yaha film jansi ziyadati say bach jaanay waali eek khaatun aur apnee saathi khwatin kay hamlah aawaron kuu insaaf dilanay kii iss kii jastju kay gird markoz hay. agarcha asl mein yaha eek mukhtasir film hay leakin phee alhaal yaha eek fatcher film mein tausia kay amal mein hay. yaha film 2012 kay venkovar kareesi 8 muqabilay kii faatah thee jehaan film saazon kuu aath dunn say bhee kumm waqat mein film bananay kaa challenge diyaa gayaa thaa. "baaghi (behtoos). "baaghi (behtosh)" eek tajarbati aur ghair rawayati dastawezi film hay jiss mein eek naujawan aurat (dumm kay choohay) khaandaani tasavir aur apnay waldeen kii prem aur shaadi kay ard gird kay khaandaani afsanon kay muainey kay zariye apnay waalid kay saath apnay paichidah taluqat kii khooj karti hay."" "behtoos" "mein harkat paziri dobarah actiment aur archive tasavir kuu yakja kiyaa gayaa hay [aur] iss kay waldeen kii afsanvi mohabat kii kahaani kay tehlil aur iss nay iss kii baaligh zindagi mein mohabat kay baaray mein iss kay taasir kuu kiss tarah rung diyaa hay iss parr ghoor kiyaa gayaa hay." "betosh" pehli baar 2014 mein takhilati film festival mein dikhayi gayee. "cēsna <unk>, shehar say pehley kaa shehar. "cēsna <unk>, the shehar say pehley kaa shehar" (2017) iss elaqay mein zameen kii tareekh parr eek fatcher film hay jasay abb venkovar kay naam say jaana jaataa hay. yaha film maskeem frust neeshan kay saath sharakat mein banayi gayee thee yaha yuu bee see mein museum aaf anthropology venkovar kay museum aur maskeem cultural center kay saath sharakat mein rakhee gayee eek bury numaish kaa hasah thee. "jasm kuu yaad hay kahh duniya kabb khill gayee thee. cathleen happ burn kay saath mushtarkah hidayat kaaree mein "baadi kuu yaad hay jabb duniya khill gayee thee" eek mustahkam aur khushgawar gharilo zindagi kay saath eek maqami khaatun ailaa (tail faidarz)yee aur rozee (violet neelson)yee eek ziyadah gharib pehli qoom kii khaatun juu glee mein milnay kay baad gharilo ziyadati kaa shikaar hoyee hay kay darmiyan taamil parr markoz hay. film kii aksariyat eek taweel attoot shaat parr mushtamil hay. film kaa premier 2019 kay barlan film festival mein generation prograam mein hawaa aur iss kaa canada mein premier 2019 kay torrento international film festival mein hawaa. asay chh canadian screen ewards kay liye namzad kiyaa gayaa jinn mein behtareen motion pakchar bhee shaamil hay aur teen jeetay. baadi remembers jabb duniya khill gayee" kii hidayat kaaree kay liyay tail faidars nay happ burn kay saath behtareen hidayat kaar kaa canadian screen aiward mushtarkah kiyaa. iss film nay torrento film creatics aisosi aishan kaa 100,000 ddaalar kaa behtareen canadian film kaa aiward bhee jeeta. mozuaat aur masail. inn kay kaam nay rangeen khwatin kii numaindagi parr taujah markoz karnay aur pehli qoom kay mazamin aur masail parr inn kii mozuati taujah kii wajah say taujah mabzool karayee hay. tail faidarz "dastani afsanay dastawezi film dastawezi film farzi aur tajarbati film sameet zaraye kay zariye kahaniyan sunanay kay jadeed zaraye kii khooj kartaa hay."inn kay filmi mansubon mein aam toor parr bunyadi toor parr maqami cast aur production mumbaran kay saath emlah hotaa hay juu pehli qomon aur maqami film saazon kay saath mashghul honay parr inn kay zoor kii akaasi kartaa hay. eek film saaz kay toor parr inn kii bunyadi taujah srgarmi aur samaji insaaf parr markoz hay aur wah film kuu "khwatin kay khalaaf tashdad aur maqami zameen kay inhatat jeesay masail kay khalaaf adam tashdad kii braah raast kararwai kii eek shakal kay toor parr istemaal karnay kay eek tareeqe kay toor parr dekhtay haine."inn kii filmi aur srgarm sargarmiyan inn masail parr markoz haine juu maqami khwatin aur baradariyon say braah raast mutaliq haine aur inn parr asar andaaz hotay haine. aizazat aur pehchaan. wah mukhtalif beenn alaqwami filmi mailon mein aiward jeeth chaki haine aur namzad bhee how chaki haine aur inhein samaji insaaf mein jaday apnay kaam kay liye tasleem kiyaa gayaa hay. qaabil zakar shanakhat mein eek ubharte hoay film saaz kay toor parr kodak ameej aiward venkovar mear kaa arts aiward haasil karnaa shaamil hay. wah see bee see kay "naujawan maqami rehnumaon: 2015 mein dekhnay kay liye 5 inder 30" mein shaamil haine. inn kii khood nosht mukhtasir film "baaghi (betoos)" kuu 2014 kay torrento beenn alaqwami film festival mein topp teen shaart filmon mein say eek qaraar diyaa gayaa thaa. asay 2015 mein settle international film festival mein behtareen dastawezi film say bhee nawaza gayaa. 2017 mein tail faidars nay see bee see film "inn lamed" mein apnay kaam kay liye dramayi prograam yaa mahdud seerez kay liye behtareen adakarah kaa canadian screen aiward jeetaa saath hyee film festival mein venkovar weeman mein behtareen karkardgi kaa aiward bhee jeeta. 2019 kay venkovar international film festival mein tail faidarz aur inn kii shareek hidayat kaar cathleen happ burn kuu inn kii film "dee baadi remembers jabb dee world break open" kay liye 25,000 ddaalar kaa behtareen bee see film aiward milaa. tail faidarz nay 17,500 bee see kaa ubharta hawaa film saaz aiward bhee jeeta. 2022 mein 10 wein canadian screen ewards mein inhon nay "night readers" mein apnee adakari kay liye behtareen adakarah kaa canadian screen aiward jeetaa aur inn kii dastawezi film "" nay behtareen fatcher lenth dastawezi film kaa aiward jeeta. zaati zindagi. tail faidarz apnay waqat kuu venkovar canada build rezro aur naarway mein sepmi elaqay kay darmiyan taqsim karti hay. wah frust nations communities kuu mutasir karnay waalay masail kii wakalat karnay mein srgarm haine. 2011 mein asay alberta build reserve mein derling saait kay daakhli darwazay parr praman naakah bundi mein hasah leenay kay alzaam mein giraftar kiyaa gayaa thaa.

0001c71e6c6ad8ed0225e2dfe5feff9c8076fda7ef5046bd6d54847642befd5c

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42055112

Guldbagge Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role

Guldbagge Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role Swedish film award The Guldbagge for Best Actor in a Leading Role is a Swedish film award presented annually by the Swedish Film Institute (SFI) as part of the Guldbagge Awards (Swedish: "Guldbaggen") to actors working in the Swedish motion picture industry. Winners and nominees. Each Guldbagge Awards ceremony is listed chronologically below along with the winner of the Guldbagge Award for Actor in a Leading Role and the film associated with the award. Before 1991 the awards did not announce nominees, only winners. In the columns under the winner of each award are the other nominees for best actor, which are listed from 1991 and forward. For the first nineteen ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. For example, the 2nd Guldbagge Awards presented on 15 October 1965, recognized films that were released between July 1964 and June 1965. Starting with the 20th Guldbagge Awards, held in 1985, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from 1 January to 31 December. The Awards presented at that ceremony were in respect of 18 months of film production owing to the changeover from the broken calendar year to the standard calendar year during 1984. Due to a mediocre film year, no awards ceremony was held in 1971. <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Winners before the nomination system (1964–1990) <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />  Winners under the nomination system (1991–present) Notes and references. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

mukhyo soritrot shrestho obhinetar baabe guldbag botaa mukhyo soritrot shrestho obhinetar baabe guldbag hoise suidix solositro protisthan (ess. ef. aai.) ror dwara proti bosore prodan koraa ek suidix solositro botaa, jitu suidix solositro udyugot kaam koraa obhinetaxokolok guldbag botaa (suidixoh "guldbagen") ror ongxo hisape prodan koraa hoy. bijoyi aaru monunit. protitu guldbag botaa onusthan kalanukromikbhabe tolot talikabhukto koraa hoise, logote mukhyo soritrot obhinoy koraa obhinetar baabe guldbag botar bijoyi aaru botar xoite jorito solositrotu. 1991 sonor aagote botaa prodan korar xomoyot monunit byoktir naam ghuxona koraa nasil, kewol bijoyir naamhe ghuxona koraa hoisil. protitu botar bijoyir odhinot thoka stombhoxomuhot shrestho obhinetar baabe aan monunitxokol aase, jibur 1991 sonor poraa talikabhukto koraa hoise aaru forward koraa hoise. prothom unixota onusthanor baabe, jugyotar xomoy dutaa kelendar bosorot bistrito aasil. udahoronsworupe, 1965 sonor 15 octoborot prodan koraa dwitiyo guldbag botaa, 1964 sonor julyr poraa 1965 sonor june maahor bhitorot mukti puwa swikritiprapto solositroxomuh. 1985 sonot onusthito 20 xongkhyok guldbag botar poraa aarombho kori, jugyotar xomoy 1 januaryr poraa 31 disemboroloi purno purbor kelendar bosor hoi porisil. xei onusthanot prodan koraa botabur aasil 1984 sonor bhanga kelendar bosoror poraa maanok kelendar bosoroloi poriworton huwar baabe 18 maahor solositro nirmanor xondorbhot. ek xadharon solositro bosoror baabe, 1971 sonot kunu botaa onusthan onusthito huwa nasil.

prodhan choritre sera abhinetar jonno guldbag puraskar prodhan choritre sera abhinetar jonno guldbag holl suidish cholochchitro shilpe kaaj koraa abhinetader jonno proti bochor suidish film institute (esha. eff. aaee) dwara guldbag puroskarer (suidish "guldbaggen") ongsho hisabe uposthapito ekti suidish cholochchitro puraskar. vijayi ebong manoneet. protiti guldbag puraskar anusthan kalanukromikbhabe neeche talikabhukto koraa hoyeche ebong prodhan choritre abhineta ebong puroskarer saathe jukto cholochchitrer jonno guldbag puroskarer vijayi royeche. 1991 saaler agey puraskarguli mononitder naam ghoshana koreni, shudhumatra vijayider. protiti puroskarer bijoyir adhine kolamgulite sera abhinetar jonno anyanno manonitra royechen, jaa 1991 ebong forward theke talikabhukto koraa hoyeche. prothom unishti anusthaner jonno, jogyatar samaykal dui calender bochor judey bistrito chhilo. udahoronsorup, 1965 saaler 15ee octobor uposthapito uposthapito guldbag puraskar, 1964 saaler julai theke 1965 saaler juner modhye mukti pawa swikrito cholochchitro. 1985 saale onusthito onusthito guldbag puraskar theke shuru korey, jogyatar samaykal 1 januari theke 31 december porjonto purno purboborti calender bochor hoye othe. seii anusthane prodotto puraskarguli chhilo 1984 saaler bhanga calender bochor theke standard calender bochore poribortoner karone cholochchitro nirmaner 18 maaser khettre. ekti sadharan cholochchitro bochorer karone, 1971 saale konao puraskar anusthan onusthito hoyney.

mukhya bhoomikama shreshth abhinetaano guldbag award mukhya bhoomikama shreshth abhineta maateno guldbag aee swedish film award chhe jeey swedish film institute (aesa. aef. aaee.) dwara darr varshe guldbag award (swedishah "guldbag") naa bhaag rupe swedish motion picture udhogma kaama kartaa abhinetaone aapvama aave chhe. vijetaao aneey namankit. darek guldbag puraskar samaarohni yaadee kaalkrameek reete neeche aapvama aavee chhe, jemaa mukhya bhoomikama abhineta maate guldbag puraskaarnaa vijeta aneey puraskar saathe sankalaayelee film saamel chhe. 1991 pahelaa puraskaroma namankit lokonee jaaherat karvaamaa aavtee naa hatee, maatra vijetaoni. darek puraskaarnaa vijeta hethalnaa stambhomaa shreshth abhineta maate anya namankit loko chhe, jeey 1991 aneey aagalnaa samay maate soochibaddh chhe. pratham oganees samarambho maate, paatrata samaygaalo beey calendar varsh sudhee felaayelo hato. udaaharan tareeke, 15 october julythi roj rajoo karvaamaa aavela beeja guldbag puraskaaro, jeey jeey julythi julythi junani vachche rajoo karvaamaa aaveli filmone maanyata aape chhe. chhe yojaayela yojaayela guldbag puraskaarothi sharoo kareene, paatrataano samaygaalo 1 januarythi 31 december sudhee sampoorn agaauna calendar varsh bunny gayo hato. teey samarohma aapvama aavela puraskaaro 1984 darmiyan tutelaa calendar varshmathi pramanbhut calendar varshmaa parivartanne kaarane film nirmanna 18 mahinaanaa sandarbhma hataa. saamanya film varshne kaarane, kaarane koee award samaroh yojaayo naa hato.

mukhya bhoomika mein sarvshreshth abhineta key liye guldbag puraskar ack pramukh bhoomika mein sarvshreshth abhineta key liye guldbag ack swedish film puraskar haye joe swedish film sansthaan (aiss. aff. aaee.) dwara prativarsh guldbag puraskar (sweedishah "guldbag") key hisse key roop mein swedish chalchitra udyog mein kaam karane vaale abhinetaon koo pradaan kiya jaataa haye. vijeta aur namankit. pratyek guldbag puraskar samaroh koo kalanukramik roop seey neeche soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye, jisamen ack pramukh bhoomika mein abhineta key liye guldbag puraskar key vijeta aur puraskar seey judee film shamil haye. 1991 seey pahale puraskaron mein namankit logon kii ghoshana naheen kii gaee thee, kewal vijetaon kii. pratyek puraskar key vijeta key tahat collum mein sarvshreshth abhineta key liye anya namankit vyakti hain, joe 1991 seey soochibaddh hain aur aage hain. pahale unnis samarohon key liye, paatrata avadhi dou calender varshon mein faili hui thee. udaaharan key liye, 15 octuber 1965 koo prastut kiye gaye dusare guldbag puraskar, maanyata praapt filmein joe julaai 1964 aur juuna 1965 key beach jaari kii gaeen theen. 1985 mein aayojit 20vein guldbag puraskaron seey shuru hocker, paatrata kii avadhi 1 janwari seey 31 disambar taka poore pichhale calender varsh bunn gaee. usa samaroh mein prastut kiye gaye puraskar 1984 key dauran toote hue calender varsh seey maanak calender varsh mein parivartan key kaaran film nirmaan key 18 maheenon key sambandh mein they. ack ausat film varsh key kaaran, 1971 mein koee puraskar samaroh aayojit naheen kiya gayaa thaa.

pramukha patradalli atyuttama natanegaagi guldbagge prashasti pramukha patradalli atyuttama natanegaagi guldbagz embudu sweedish chalanachitra samstheyinda (isf) vaarshikavaagi guldbagz prashastigala (sweedish "guldbaggen") bhagavagi sweedish chalanachitrodyamadalli kelasa maaduva natarige nidalaaguva sweedish chalanachitra prashastiyagide. vijetaru mattu naamanirdeshitaru. prati guldbag prashasti pradaana samaarambhavannu kaalaanukramadalli kelage patti maadalaagiddu, pramukha patradalli natanegaagi guldbag prashasti vijetaru mattu prashastige sambandhisida chalanachitravannu patti maadalaagide. 1991rahra modalu prashastigalu namanirdeshitarannu ghoshisiralilla, kevala vijetarannu maatra ghoshisiddavu. prati prashastiya vijetara adiyalli ankanagalli 1991rinda patti maadalaada mattu mundakke patti maadalaada atyuttama natanigaagiruva itara naamanirdeshitaru iruttaare. modala hattombattu samaarambhagalige, arhateya awadiyu eradu calender varshagalavarege vyaapisittu. udaaharanege, 1965rahra october 15randu niidalaada 2neey guldbag prashastigalu, 1964rahra julai mattu 1965rahra zoon naduve bidugadeyaada chalanachitragalige maanyate niidive. 1985ralli nadeda 20neey guldbag prashastigalinda praarambhisi, arhateya awadiyu hindina calender varshada janavari 1rinda december 31ravarege poornavaayitu. aaa samaarambhadalli niidalaada prashastigalu, 1984rahra avadhiyalli murida calender varshadinda pramanita calender varshakke badalaada kaarana 18 tingala chalanachitra nirmanakke sambandhisidante. sadharana chalanachitra varshada kaarana, 1971ralli yaavude prashasti pradaana samarambha nadeyalilla.

pradhana veshathile mikacha nadanulla guldbagh puraskaaram sweedish chalachithra vyavasaayathil pravartthikkunna abhinethaakkalkku guldbaghj avaardukalude (sweedisha "guldbaggen") bhaagamaayi sweedish philim instittyoott (sf) varsham thorum nalkunna sweedish chalachithra awardaanu pradhana veshathile mikacha nadanulla guldbaghj. vijayikalum naamanirddeshangalum. oro guldbaghj award daana chadangum kaalakramatthil thaazhe pattikappedutthiyirikku, koodaathe oru pradhana veshathile nadanulla guldbaghj award jethaavum avaardumaayi bandhapetta sinimayum. sinimayum munbu puraskaarangal naamanirddeshangale prakhyaapichirunnilla, vijayikale maathram. oro avaardinteyum vijayikalkk keezhilulla kolangalil 1991 muthal pattikappedutthiya mikacha nadanulla mattu nominikal undu. aadyathe pathonpathu chadangukalil, yogyathaa kaalayalav rund kalandar varshangalaayirunnu. udaaharanathinu, 1964 joolaiykkum 1965 juuninum idayil purathirangiya chithrangale amgeekarichukondu 1965 october october nalkia randaamathe guldbagh avaardukal. 1985ll nadanna 20-aamath guldbagh avaardukalil ninnu aarambhich, yogyathayude kaalayalav januvari 1 muthal desember 31 vareyulla poornna muun kalandar varshamaayi maari. 1984ll takarnna kalandar varshathil ninnu saadhaarana kalandar varshathilekku maariyathinethudarnnu 18 maasathe chalachithra nirmmaanavumaayi bandhappettaayirunnu aaa chadangil sammaanicha avaardukal. oru saadhaarana chalachithra varsham kaaranam 1971ll award daana chadangu nadannilla.

mukhya bhoomiketil sarvotkrusht abhinetyacha guldbag puraskar pramukh bhoomiketil sarvotkrusht abhinetyacha guldbag haah swedish chitrapat puraskar aahe, joou darvarshi swedish chitrapat sansthene (ess. eff. aay.) swedish chitrapat udhyogat kaam kaam kalakaranna guldbag puraskarancha (swedishah "guldbagjen") bhag mhanoon pradan keela jaato. vijete aanee namnirdeshit. pratyek guldbag puraskar sohala kalkramanusar khalee soochibaddha keela aahe, jyat pramukh bhoomiketil abhinetyacha guldbag puraskar vijeta aanee puraskarashi sambandhit chitrapat aahe. 1991 purvi puraskaranmadhye namnirdeshitanchi ghoshana kelee jaat navhati, fakt vijete hote. pratyek puraskarachya vijetyakhalil stambhanmadhye sarvotkrusht abhinetyasathi itar namankit vyakti aahet, jyaa 1991 pasoon aanee pudhe soochibaddha aahet. pahilya ekonis samarambhansathi, patratecha kalavadhi done dindarshika varshancha hota. udaharanarth, 15 aktoobar 1965 roji pradan karnyat aalelya aalelya guldbag puraskaranmadhye, julai 1964 teey juuna 1965 darmyan pradarshit jhalelya chitrapatanna manyata denyat aalee. 1985 madhye jhalelya 20 vya guldbag puraskaranpasun suruvat karoon, patratecha kalavadhi 1 janewari teey 31 decemberparyantche sampoorn mageel dindarshika varsh banale. tyaa samarambhat pradan kelele puraskar, puraskar tutalelya dindarshikechya varshatoon manak dindarshikechya varshamadhye badal jhalyamule 18 mahinyanchya chitrapat nirmitichya sandarbhat hote. madhyam chitrapat varshamule varshamule konatahi puraskar sohala aayojit karnyat aala navhata.

mukhya bhumikama utkrishta abhinetaka lagi guldbag puraskar mukhya bhumikama utkrishta abhinetako lagi guldbag euta swidis film puraskar how june swidis chalchitra udyogma kaam garne abhinetaharulai warshik rupma swidis film institute (sfi) dwara guldbag puraskar (swidisah "guldbagjen") ko bhagko rupma pradan garinchha. vijeta rar manonitharu. pratyek guldbag puraskar samaroha kalanukramik rupma tall suchibadha garieko chha jasma mukhya bhumikama abhinetaka lagi guldbag puraskarko vijeta rar puraskarsanga sambandhit film pani chha. sann 1991 bhanda pahile puraskarharule namangkanharu ghoshana garenan, kewal vijetaharu matra. pratyek puraskarko vijetaantargatka stambhaharuma utkrishta abhinetaka lagi anya namangkanharu chhan, june 1991 rar agadi suchibadha chhan. pahilo unnaisa samarohaharuka lagi, yogyata awadhi dui calender warshaharuma failieko thiyo. udaharanka lagi, 15 october 1965 maa prastut garieko dosro guldbag puraskarle july 1964 rar june 1965 ko bichma rilij bhaeka chalchitraharulai manyata diyo. 1985 maa ayojit 20 aun guldbag puraskarbata suru garera, yogyatako awadhi 1 janawaridekhi 31 decembersamma purna aghillo calender warsha banyo. tyas samarohma pradan garieka puraskarharu sann 1984 maa bhaanchieko calender warshabata manak calender warshama pariwartan bhaeko karan 18 mahinako film nirmanko sandarbhama thie. ausat film warshaka karan sann 1971 maa kunai puraskar samaroha ayojit bhaena.

mukhya bhumikare shrestha abhineta paain guldbagz puraskara mukhya bhumikare shrestha abhineta paain guldbagz heuchhi eka swidish chalachitra puraskara jaahaa swidish chalachitra pratisthana (ess. aif. aai.) dwara pratibarsha swidish chalachitra shilpare karjya karuthiba abhinetamananku guldbagz puraskara (swidishwa "guldbagjen") rahr ansha bhabare pradan karajae . bijeta ebong manoneet byakti. pratyeka guldbagz puraskara samarohare mukhya bhumikare abhinai karithiba abhineta ebong puraskara saha jadita chalachitra paain guldbagz puraskara bijetanka saha kramanusare nimnare talikabhukta karajaichi. 1991 purbaru puraskaragudika manoneet byaktimananku ghoshana karinathila, kebala bijetanku ghoshana karuthila. pratyeka puraskarara bijetanka adheenare thiba stambhare shrestha abhineta paain anya manoneet byakti achanti, jaahaa 1991 ebong aagaku talikabhukta hoichhi . pratham unishati samaroha paain, jogyata abadhi dui calender barsha byapta thila . udaharana swaroopa, 15 october 1965 ray pradan karajaithiba dwiteeja guldbagz puraskara, july 1964 ru june 1965 madhyare muktilabha karithiba chalachitraku swekruti pradan karithila. 1985 ray anusthita 20 tama guldbagz puraskararu arambha curry, jogyatara abadhi januari 1 ru december 31 parjyanta sampurna purba calender barsha hoigala . sehi samarohare pradan karajaithiba puraskaragudika 18 masser chalachitra nirmana sambandhare thila kaaran 1984 masihare bhangi jaithiba calender barsharu manaka calender barshaku paribartana hoithila. eka madhyama chalachitra barsha hetu, 1971 ray kaunasi puraskara samaroha anusthita hoinathila .

mukkh bhumika witch sarbottam adakar laee guldbag puraskar pramukh bhumika witch sarbottam adakar laee guldbag ikk swedish film puraskar haii joe harr saal swedish film institute (aiss. eff. aaee.) duaara swedish motion picture udyog witch kamm curran vaale adakaran noon guldbag puraskar (swedishaw "guldbaggen") dey hisse vajon ditta jaanda haii. jetu atey namzad. harek guldbag puraskar samaroh noon kalkramik taur 'teey hethan suchibadh keeta giaa haii jiss witch ikk pramukh bhumika witch adakar laee guldbag puraskar dey jetu atey puraskar naal judee film shamal haii. 1991 toon pahilan puraskar namzad viaktiaan daa ailaan naheen karde sunn, siraf jetuaan daa ailaan karde sunn. harek puraskar dey jetu dey hethan kalman witch sarbottam adakar laee horr namzad hunn, joe 1991 toon suchibadh hunn atey agge hunn. pahile 19 samarohan laee, yogta dee miaad doou calender saalan witch faili hoee see. udaharan dey laee, 15 aktubar 1965 noon pesh keete gaye dooje guldbag puraskar, julai 1964 atey juun 1965 dey vichkaar rileez hoiaan filman noon maanta dinde hunn. 1985 witch aayojit 20ven guldbag puraskaran toon shuru hoow keey, yogta dee miaad 1 janwari toon 31 dasambar takk daa poora pichla calender saal bann gaee. uss samaroh witch ditte gaye puraskar 1984 dauran tutte hoye calender saal toon standard calender saal witch tabdili caarn 18 mahiniaan dey film nirman dey sabndh witch sunn. ikk ausat film saal dey caarn, 1971 witch koee puraskar samaroh aayojit naheen keeta giaa see.

guldbag puraskaarah sarvashreshta abhinetaa pramukhapaatrasya sarvashreshtanatasya krute guldbag iti swedish-chalacchitra-puraskaarah asti yah swedish-chalacchitra-samsthayaa (ess. ef. aii.) prativarsham swedish-chalacchitra-udyamasya abhinetrubhyah guldbag puraskaarasy (sweedish-bhashayaha "guldbagjen") bhagarupena pradadaati. vijetaah, naamanirdeshitaah cha. pratyekam guldbag puraskaar-samarohah kalanukramadrushtya adhah suchibaddhaha asti, yasmin pramukhapaatrasya abhinetaaroopen guldbag puraskaarasy vijetuhu, puraskaaren sambadhah chalachchitrah cha asti. 1991 tamavarshaat poorvam puraskaranam naamanirdeshanam naa krutam, kevalam vijetaarah eva. pratyekasya puraskaarasy vijetaanaam adhah stambheshu sarvashreshta-abhinetaaroopen anyaani naamaankitaah santi, ye 1991 tamavarshaat agre cha soochitaah santi. prathama-19-samarohanam krute patrata-avadhihi varshadvayeshu aasit. udaharanartham, 15 october 1965 dinaanke pradarshitaha dwiteeya-guldbag puraskaarah, 1964 julai-masat 1965 joon-maasaparyantam pradarshitaah chalacchitraani manyani aasan. 1985 tame varshe aayojitaih 20-tama-guldbag puraskaaraih aarabhy, arhataa-avadhihi 1 janavaree-dinaankaat 31 december-dinaankaparyantam poorvavarshasya poornah kaalakhandah abhavat. tasmin samaarohe pradanani puraskaaraani, 1984 tame varshe bhagna-panjikaa-varshaat maanak-panjikaa-varsham iti parivartanena 18 masanam chalacchitranirmaanasya vishaye aasan. samanya-chalacchitra-varshasya karanat 1971 tame varshe puraskaar-samarohah naa abhavat.

munnani kathaapaaththiraththil nadiththatharkaaga sirantha nadigarukkaana gultbagh viruthu munnani kathaapaaththiraththil sirantha nadigarukkaana guldbaghj viruthu sweedish thiraippada niruvanaththil (ess. eff. aii) aanduthoarum vazhangkappadum gultbagh viruthugalin (sweedish "guldbackjen") oru paguthiyaaga sweedish thiraippadath thuraiyil panipuriyum nadikarkalukku vazhangkappadukirathu. vetrtriyaalargal mattrum parinthuraikkappattavargal. ovvoru gultbagh viruthu vazhangkum vizhaavum kaalavarisaippadi keezhae pattiyalidappattullathu, idhil munnani kathaapaaththiraththil nadiththulla nadigarukkaana gultbagh viruthu mattrum viruthudan thodarpudaiya padam aagiyavai adangkum. 1991aam aandukku munbu viruthugal parinthuraikalai arivikkavillai, vetrtriyaalargalai mattumae ariviththana. ovvoru viruthaiyum ventravarin keezh ulla neduvarisaigalil sirantha nadigarukkaana mattra parinthuraikal ullana, avai 1991 muthal pattiyalidappattullana. muthal paththonpathu vizhaakkalil, thaguthi kaalam irandu kaalandar aandugalai ulladakkiyathu. eduththukkaattaaga, juulai 1964 muthal juun 1965 varai veliyidappatta 2vadhu gultbagh viruthugal, juulai 15,1965 andru valangkappatta 2vadhu gultbagh viruthugal, 1985ill nadaipettra 20vadhu gultbagh viruthugaludan thodangi, thaguthikkaana kaalam janavari 1 muthal disambar 31 varai muzhu munththaiya kaalandar aandaaga maariyathu. antha vizhaavil valangkappatta viruthugal, 1984 aam aandil udainththa kaalandar aandilirunthu nilaiyaana kaalandar aandukku maariyathaal 18 maatha thiraippada thayaarippaip porutthavarai irunththana. oru sarasari thiraippada aandu kaaranamaaga, 1971 ill endha viruthugalum valangkappadavillai.

pradhana paatralo uttama natudigaa guldbagh avaardu pradhana paatralo uttama natudigaa guldbagz anedi swedish chalana chitra parisramalo panichestunna natulaku guldbagz avaardulalo bhaagamgaa swedish film institute (sfi) etaa andinche swedish film avaardu. vijaetalu mariyu naamineelanu. prati guldbagz avaardula veduka kalakramanusaranga krinda jabita cheyabadindi, pradhana paatralo natudiki guldbagz avaardu vijaeta mariyu avaardutho anubandhinchabadina chitram. 1991 kii mundu avaardulu naamineelanu prakatinchaledu, vijaetalanu matrame prakatinchaayi. prati avaardu vijaeta krinda unna niluvu varusalo uttama natudiki itara nomineelu unnaaru, ivi 1991 nundi jabita cheyabaddaayi mariyu munduku unnaayi. modati pantommidi vedukalaku, arhata kaalam rendu calender samvatsaraalugaa undedi. udaaharanaku, 1965 aktobaru 15naa samarpinchina 2va guldbagz avaardulu, 1964 juulai mariyu 1965 juun madhya vidudalaina gurtinchabadina chalanachitraalu. 1985loe jarigina 20va guldbagz avaardulatoe praarambhinchi, arhata kaalam 1 janavari nundi 31 december varaku puurti munupati calender samvatsaramgaa maarindi. 1984loe virigina calender samvatsaram nundi praamaanika calender samvatsaraaniki maarina kaaranamgaa 18 nelala chalanachitra nirmaanaaniki sambandhinchi aaa vedukalo pradaanam chesina avaardulu. saadhaarana chalanachitra samvatsaram kaaranamgaa, 1971loe avaardula veduka jaragaledu.

guild beeg aiward baraye behtareen adakaar markazi kirdaar mein markazi kirdaar mein behtareen adakaar kaa guild beeg eek sweadish film aiward hay juu sweadish film insity teut (aiss aif aayee) kay zariah harr saal guild beeg ewards (sweadish: "guild begjan") kay hasay kay toor parr sweadish motion pakchar industry mein kaam karnay waalay adakaron kuu paish kiyaa jaataa hay. fateheen aur namzad afraad. guild beeg ewards kii harr taqrib kuu tarikhi toor parr zeel mein darj kiyaa gayaa hay jiss mein markazi kirdaar mein adakaar kay liye guild beeg aiward kay faatah aur aiward say waabistah film shaamil hay. 1991 say pehley ewards mein namzad afraad kaa aalaan nahein kiyaa jaataa thaa sarf fateheen kaa. harr aiward kay faatah kay neechey kalimon mein behtareen adakaar kay liye deegar namzad afraad haine juu 1991 aur aagay kay liye darj haine. pehli anees taqribaat kay liyay ahlit kii madat duu calender saalon parr maheet thee. misaal kay toor parr 15 aktobar 1965 kuu paish kiye gayey dosray guild beeg ewards nay inn filmon kuu tasleem kiyaa juu jolayi 1964 aur joone 1965 kay darmiyan release hoyein. 1985 mein munaqid honay waalay 20 wein guild beeg ewards say sharoo how kirr ahlit kii madat 1 januri say 31 dasambar takk kaa poraa pichla calender saal bunn gayaa. iss taqrib mein paish kiye gayey ewards 1984 kay doraan tutay hoay calender saal say mayari calender saal mein tabdili kii wajah say film production kay 18 maah kay hawalay say thay. eek mamuli filmi saal kii wajah say 1971 mein koyee aiward taqrib munaqid nahein hoyee.

0001c9090f67f36d1798edf6c0e75f180ef56baaef609032f4ed354910267577

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=66003145

PKP class Tp1

PKP class Tp1

pi. key. pi shreni ti. pi. 1

pii. keey. pii. varg tii. pii. 1

pee. key. pee. varg tii. pee. 1

pii. keey. pii. varga tii. pii. 1

pii. keey. pii klaas tii. pii. 1

pii. keey. pii. varg tii. pii. 1

pee. keey. pee. class tii. pee. 1

pee. key. pee. vargah tea. pee. 1

pii. kae. pii vaguppu dii. pii. 1

0001d10ddd9f736b871f419cee05b10ec8c171b0d498e2067a2f5e4eaa33b8b2

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki?curid=6447048

ανασκάπτω

ανασκάπτω Greek. Etymology. Learnedly, from . and the ancient .

greek bhaxa. byutpotti. xikare, poraa. aaru prasin.

ανασκάπτω greek. byutpatti. theke shikhechi. ebong prachin.

ανασκάπτω grick. vyutpatti. sheekhine. aneey praachin.

ανασκάπτω yunani. vyutpatti. seey seekha. aur pracheen.

greek bhasheyalli. vyutpatti. kalitiddu, avarinda. mattu praachina.

greak bhasha. padavyuthpathishaasthram. padichu, athil ninnu. pinne puraathanavum.

greek. vyutpatti. shikoon, pasoon. aanee pracheen.

awaσκάπτω grick. wyutpatti. batt, sikera. anie puratan.

ανασκάπτω greek. byutpatti. sikhuchhi, thaaru. ebong pracheen.

ανασκάπτω yunani. shabdawali. sikkhiaa, toon. atey prachin.

greek-bhashayam. vyutpattih. shikshitah, ityatah. tathaa praacheenam.

kiraekka mozhi. sorpirappiyal. kattrukkondadhu, irunthu. mattrum pazhamaiyaanathu.

greeku bhasha. vyutpatti. nundi neerchukunnadi. mariyu puraatana.

yunani. siftiyat. seekhnay kay saath. aur qadeem.

0001d3bb1122e37d74f7ed3b82013099cfdf0ed25ba7b10bf7a86f1ecf26ef41

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki?curid=6682783

osifica

osifica Romanian. Etymology. . Equivalent to .

oh 'sifika rumanian. byutpotti. . xomotulyo.

osifika romanian. byutpatti. . samatulya.

osifika romanian. vyutpatti. . samkaksh.

osifika romanian. vyutpatti. . key barabar.

osifika romanian. vyutpatti. . samaana.

osifikka romanian. padavyuthpathishaasthram. . thulyamaanu.

osifika romanian. vyutpatti. . samatulya.

ओसिफिका romanian. wyutpatti. . barabar.

osifika romanian. shabdawali. . dey barabar haii.

osifikaa romanian. vyutpattih. . samatulya.

osifa romanian. sorpirappiyal. . samamaana.

osifica romanian. vyutpatti. . samanam.

oseefa romaniah. siftiyat. . kay baraabar.

0001d54b8c87d0eea1012613ff446d44cc3ea51f5923c1cd044193c5efb250fe

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki?curid=201726

schwänzeln

schwänzeln German. Etymology. From . .

german bhaxar swanjelno. byutpotti. poraa. .

german bhasay. byutpatti. theke. .

german swanzeln. vyutpatti. maanthi. .

german schwanzellan. vyutpatti. seey. .

german bhasheyalli swanzeln. vyutpatti. ninda. .

jarmman bhashayil schwanselln. padavyuthpathishaasthram. ninnu. .

german bhashetil swanzeln. vyutpatti. pasoon. .

स्वान्जेल्न german. wyutpatti. batt. .

swanjelan german. byutpatti. ru. ..

german bhasha witch schwanzelan. shabdawali. toon. .

swanzeln german. vyutpattih. ityatah. .

schwanseln jerman. sorpirappiyal. irunthu. .

schwanzeln german. vyutpatti. nundi. .

german zabaan mein. siftiyat. say. .

0001e24ba8ada6b47afcaca5faab50f9daa003b3bd78d6d3ddfda74ead0d7665

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=67253890

AKM Morshed

AKM Morshed Bangladeshi politician AKM Morshed () is a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and the former Member of Parliament of Rajshahi-8. Career. Morshed was elected to parliament from Rajshahi-8 as a Bangladesh Nationalist Party candidate in 1979. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

ek kilometer ghura e. key. em. mursed () hoise bangladex jatiyotabadi dolor rajneetibid aaru rajoswahi-8 ror prakton xongxod xodosyo. keriyar. 1979 sonot bangladex jatiyotabadi dolor prarthi hisape rajoswahi-8ror poraa morsed xongxodoloi nirbasito hoisil.

eka kilometres gorto aaa. keey. emm morshed () bangladesher jatiyatabadi doler rajnitibid ebong rajshahi-8-err praktan sangsad sadasya. pesha. 1979 saale bangladesh jatiyatabadi doler prarthi hisebe morshed rajshahi-8 theke sangsade nirbachito hohn.

aek kimee ghasarama aaa. keey. aema. morshed () bangladesh rashtravadi pakshna rajkarani aneey rajshahi-8naa bhutpurv sansad sabhy chhe. karkirdi. morshed 1979maan bangladesh rashtravadi pakshna umedvaar tareeke rajshahi-8thee sansadma chuntaya hataa.

ack kilometres kaa ghuraa aeye. key. aim. morshed () bangladesh rashtravadi party key rajneta aur rajshahi-8 key poorv sansad sadasya hain. carrier. morshed 1979 mein bangladesh rashtravadi party key ummidwar key roop mein rajshahi-8 seey sansad key liye chune gaye they.

aa. keey. emm. kuggida aaa. keey. emm. morshed () baanglaadeshada raashtriyavaadi pakshada rajakarani mattu mattu maaji samsat sadasyaragiddare. vrattijeevana. morshade morshade bangladesh raashtriyavaadi pakshada abhyarthiyaagi abhyarthiyaagi samsattige aaykeyaadaru.

eiii. keey. emm. vellachaattam bangladesh deseeya party raashtreeyakkaaranum rajshahi-8 leeii muun paarlament amgavumaanu akmar morshed (). currier. 1979ll bangladesh naashanalist party sthaanaarthiyaayi rajshahi-8ll ninnu paarlamentilekku thiranjedukkappettu.

eka kiimii. aaa. keey. emm. morshed () heey bangladesh rashtravadi pakshache rajkarani aanee rajshahi-8 chey majee khasdar aahet. karkird. morshed 1979 madhye bangladesh rashtravadi pakshache umedvar mhanoon rajshahi-8 yethoon sansadet nivadoon aale.

ek kilometer dhera ae. key. emm. morshed () bangaladesh rashtrawadi partyka rajnitigya rar rajshahi-8 kaa purva sansad sadasya hun. currier. morshed sann 1979 maa bangaladesh rashtrawadi partyka ummedwarka rupma rajshahi-8 batt sansadma nirvachit bhaeka thie.

eka kilometer ghancha aii. kee. emm. morshade () heuchhanti banladesh jatijatabadi dalara jane rajneta ebong ebong purbatana sansada. kyariyara. morshed 1979 masihare banladesh jatijatabadi dalara prarthi bhabe ebonguu sansadaku nirbachita hoithile.

aii. keey. aimm. murabb aii. keey. aimm. morshed () ikk bangladesh rashtarvadi party daa siasatdan atey rajshahi-8 dee sabka sansad member haii. carrier. morshed 1979 witch bangladesh rashtarvadi party dey umidwar vajon rajshahi-8 toon sansad laee chunhe gaye sunn.

a. kii. mee. margam a. key. emm. morshed () ekaha bangladesh-rashtravadi-dalasya raajaneetidnyah, tathaa cha rajashahi-8 ityasya poorvasadasyah asti. vruttihi. morshed 1979 tame varshe bangladesh-rashtravadi-pakshasya abhyarthiroopen rajashahi-8 sthanat samsat-krute nirwaachitah.

kii. mee. aalaththil auuu. kae. emm morshet () oru vangaalathaesa dhesiyavaatha katchi arasiyalvaathiyum, rajshahi-8 inn munnaal naadaalumandra uruppinarum aavaar. thozhil. 1979 aam aandil vangaalathaesa dhesiyavaatha katchi vaetpaalaraaka rajshahi-8 ilirunththu morshet naadaalumandraththirku thernthedukkappattaar.

0001e6431762159b1858183fb25bcbc10248fd83e9f813fa423e0cfef5a8b533

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12182606

Der Blatt

Der Blatt Weekly Yiddish newspaper Der Blatt (, lit. "The Page" or "The Newspaper") is a weekly Yiddish newspaper published in New York City by Satmar Hasidim published by supporters of Aaron Teitelbaum. History. "Der Blatt" was established in 2000, as a direct result of the Satmar succession feud. Prior to that time, there was only one Satmar newspaper, "Der Yid". In the dispute over the succession, "Der Yid" came under the control of the supporters of Zalman Teitelbaum. This left rival supporters of his brother, Aaron Teitelbaum, without a platform for communication and public relations, prompting them to establish a newspaper of their own. The resulting publication promotes Aaron, rather than Zalman, as the legitimate successor of the previous rebbe, Moshe Teitelbaum. The publication adheres to a strict interpretation of tzniut that prohibits photographs of women on its pages. "Der Blatt" follows Satmar's anti-Zionist stance. "Der Yid" and "Der Blatt" function “more or less as official state organs” for Zalman and Aaron Teitelbaum respectively. In November 2020, the "New York Post" broke that "Der Blatt" had participated in a successful scheme to hide the wedding of Rabbi Aaron Teitelbaum's grandson. The newspaper admitted its involvement in a later account of the celebration, which was attended by several thousand guests. The organizers of the wedding were fined $15.000 by the city of New York for violating public health measures in place due to the Covid-19 pandemic. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

der blaat der blaat (, "dyo page" baa "dyo newspart") hoise nework sohorot xatmar hasidime prokax koraa ekhon xaptahik iddis baatori kakot. itihax. "der blaat" 2000 sonot xatmar uttoradhikarir dwondor proityokhyo folafol hisape protistha koraa hoisil. xei xomoyor aagote, maatro etaa xotomar baatori kakot aasil, "der yid". uttoradhikarir bibadot, "der yid" robbi jaalman teitelbamor xomorthokxokolor niyontronot aahisil. iyar folot teur protidondi robbi aaron teitelbamor xomorthokxokolor maajot jugajug aaru jonoxomporkor baabe kunu moncho nasil, jaar folot teuluke nijakoi ekhon baatori kakot sthapon koriboloi prerito hoisil. iyar pholsworupe prokax puwa prokax, kintu robbi jaalmanor poriworte robbi aaronok purbor reber boidho uttoradhikari hisape prosar kore. prokaxonikhone tjoniyutor ek kothur byakhya maani sole ji iyar pristhaburot mohilar photu nixidho kore. "der blaat"-e xatmaror jayonbad birudhi sthiti onuxoron kore.

darr blutt daar blatt (, "dya peza" baa "dya newzpaper") neu eork shohore satmar hasidim dwara prokashito ekti saptahik iddish sangbadpatra. itihas. "daar blatt" 2000 saale satmar uttoradhikar dwandwer prottokkho falaswarup protisthito hoyechilo. seii somoyer agey, "derr iyid" naame ekti matro satmar sangbadpatra chhilo. uttoradhikar niye birodher somoy, "derr iyid" rubby jalman teitelbamer somorthokder niyantrane aase. err foley taanr protidwondi rabbi aaron teitelbum-err somorthokra jogajog oo jonosongjoger konao moncho chharai theke zaan, jaa taader nijaswa ekti sangbadpatra protistha korte prorochito korey. falaswarup prokashona, kintu rubby jalmaner poriborte rubby aronke purboborti reber boidho uttarsuri hisabe prochar korey. prokashonati tojniyuter ekti kathor byakhya meney choley jaa err pristhagulite mohilader chhobi nishiddho korey. "daar blatt" satmar jayanabad birodhi abosthan anusaran korey.

dher blaat dair blaat (, "prushth" athavaa "akhbaar") aee newyork shaherma satmaar hasidim dwara prakashit saaptaahik yiddish akhbaar chhe. itihas. "dair blatt" nee sthaapnaa 2000maan satmaar uttaradhikarna sangharshnaa seedha parinam rupe karvaamaa aavee hatee. teey samay pahelaa, maatra aek jaj satmaar akhbaar hatoo, "dair yeed". uttaradhikar parnaa vivaadmaa, "dair yeed" rabbi zalman titelbaumnaa samarthakona niyantran hethal aavee gayoo hatoo. aanaathi temnaa harif rabbi aaron titelbaumnaa samarthako sanchaar aneey jansampark maate koee munch vinaa rahee gayaa, jenaathi teo potaanu akhbaar sthaapit karvaa maate prereet thayaa. parinami prakaashan, parantu agaauna ribna kaaydesarna uttaradhikari tareeke rabbi zalmanne badale rabbi aaronne protsaahan aape chhe. aaa prakaashan tzaniutnaa kadak arthghatannu paalan karey chhe jeey tenaa prushtho parr mahilaaonaa photographs parr pratibandh mooke chhe. "dair blatt" satmaarnaa zionist veerodhi valanne anusare chhe.

dair blatt dair blatt (, "prishth" yaa "samachar patra") newyork shahar mein satmar hasidim dwara prakaashit ack saptahik yiddish samachar patra haye. itihas. "dair blatt" kii sthaapana 2000 mein satmar uttaradhikar vivaad key pratyaksh parinam key roop mein kii gaee thee. usa samay seey pahale, kewal ack satmar samachar patra thaa, "dair yid". uttaradhikar parr vivaad mein, "dair yid" rabbi zalman teatlebaum key samarthakon key niyantran mein aaa gayaa. isase unake pratidvandi, rabbi aaron teatlebaum key samarthakon koo sanchaar aur jansampark key liye ack munch key binaa chhod diyaa gayaa, jisase unhein apana khud kaa ack samachar patra sthaapit karane key liye prerit kiya gayaa. parinami prakaashan, lekin pichhale rib key vaidh uttaradhikari key roop mein rabbi zalman key bajaay rabbi aaron koo badhaava detaa haye. prakaashan tzniyat kii ack sakht vyakhya kaa paalan kartaa haye joe isake prishthon parr mahilaaon kii tasveeron koo pratibandhit kartaa haye. "dair blatt" satmar key zionist virodhi rukh kaa anusaran kartaa haye.

derr blot derr blot (, "puta" athawa "patrike") newyork nagaradalli satmar hasidim prakatisuva saaptaahika yiddish patrikeyagide. itihaasa. "satmar uttaraadhikaarada vairatvada nera parinaamavaagi 2000ralli "derr blot" annu sthaapisalaayitu. aaa samayakke modalu, "derr yidd" emba onde ondu satmar patrike ittu. uttaraadhikaarada vivaadadalli, "derr yidd" rabbi jalman teatleboumn bembaligar niyantranakke banditu. idu avara pratispardhi rabbi aaron teatlebaum avara bembaligarannu samvahana mattu saarvajanika samparkagalige vedikeyillade bittu, tammade aada patrikeyannu sthapisalu prerepisitu. idara parinaamavaagi prakataneyaada, aadare hindina ribeya kanunubaddha uttaradhikariyagi rabbi jalman badalige rabbi aaron annu uttejisuttade. ee prakataneyu tanna putagalli mahileyara chayachitragalannu nishedhisuva tsniyatna kattunittaada vyakhyanakke baddhavaagide. "derr blot" satmarna jheonist virodhi niluvannu anusarisuttade.

derr blait newyork nagaratthil satmar hasidim prasidheekarikkunna oru prathivaara yiddish pathramaan derr blait (, "peju" allengil "pathram"). charithram. "satmar pinthudarchaavakaasha tharkkatthinte nerittulla falamaayi 2000-laanu "derr blait" sthaapithamaayathu. athinumumbu, "derr yidh" enna oru satmar pathram maathrame undaayirunnulloo. pinthudarchaavakaashathekkulle tharkkathil, "derr yidh" rabbi salman teetalbaaminte anuyaayikalude niyanthranatthilaayi. ithu addehathinte ethiraaliyaaya rabbi aaron teatelbaaminte anuyaayikalkk ashayavinimayathinum public relationsinum oru vediyillaathe, svanthamaayi oru pathram sthaapikkaan avare prerippichu. thathfalamaayundaakunna prasidheekaranam, ennaal muun rabbeyude niyamaanusritha pingamiyaayi rabbi salmanekkaal rabbi aaronine prothsaahippikkunnu. prasidheekaranam athinte pejukalil sthreekalude photographukal nirodhikkunna sniyoottinte karsanamaaya vyaakhyaanam paalikkunnu. "derr blait" sathmaarinte siyonist virudha nilapaadine pinthudarunnu.

dier blatt dair blatt (, "prushth" kinwa "vruttpatra") heey newyork shaharat satmar hasidimne prakashit kelele saptahik yiddish vruttpatra aahe. itihas. "sattamar uttaradhikar vadacha thet parinam mhanoon 2000 saalee 'dair blatt' chee sthapana karnyat aalee. tyapurvi, 'dair yid' heey ekach satmar vruttpatra hote. uttaradhikaravaril vadat, "dair yid" haah rabbi zalman teatlebamchya samarthakanchya niyantranakhali aala. yamule tyache pratispardhi rabbi aaron teatlebaum yanchya samarthakanna sanvad aanee jansamparkasathi vyaspeeth midale nahee, jyamule tyanna swatache vruttpatra sthapan karnyas pravrutt kele. parinami prakashit, parantu rabbi jalmanaivaji rabbi aaronla, mageel rebecha vaidh uttaradhikari mhanoon protsahan dete. heey prakashan tzniyatchya kadak vyakhyeche palan karate, jyat tichya prushthanvar mahilanchi chhayachitre ghenyas manai aahe. "dair blatt' heey satmarchya zionistvirodhi bhoomikeche anusaran karate.

dayer blatt derr blatt (, "prishtha" wa "samachar patra") newyork saharma satmar hasidimdwara prakashit saptahik yiddis samachar patra how. itihas. "derr blatt" sann 2000 maa sattamar uttaradhikar dwandwako pratyaksha parinamko rupma sthapit bhaeko thiyo. tyas samayabhanda pahile, tyahan euta matra satmar samacharpatra thiyo, "derr yid". uttaradhikarko vivadma, "derr yid" rabbi jalman tetelbamka samarthakharuko niyantranma ayo. yasale unka pratidwandi rabbi aron tetelbamka samarthakharulai sanchar rar janasamparkaka lagi manch bina chhodeko thiyo, jasle uniharulai afnai samachar patra sthapana garna prerit गऱ्यो।. parinamswarup prakashan, tara aghillo rebeko vaidha uttaradhikariko rupma rabbi jalmanko satta rabbi aronlai badhawa dinchha. prakashanle tsniyutko kada wyakhyako palana gardacha jasle yasako prishthaharuma mahilako photoharu nishedh gardacha. "derr blatt" ley satamarko geonist virodhi rukhlai pachhyauncha.

derr blat derr blat (, "prustha" kimba "khabarkagaj") heuchhi nyujarka saharare satmar hasidimnka dwara prakashita eka saptahika yedish khabarkagaj . itihas. "satmar uttaradhikara bibadara pratyakhya parinam swaroopa 2000 masihare "derr blat" pratistha karajaithila. sehi samai purbaru, kebala gotie satmar sambadapatra thila, "derr yid". uttaradhikaraku nei bibaadare, "derr yid" rabbi jalman teitelbamnka samarthakanka nijantranare asithila. ehaa taanka pratidwandee rabbi aaron teitelbamnka samarthakamananku jogajoga ebong janasampark paain kaunasi mancha bina chhadi deithila, jaahaa semananku semanankara nijaswa eka sambadapatra pratistha karibaku prerita karithila. phalaswaroopa prakashan, kintu rabbi jalman paribarte rabbi aaronanku purba ribber baidha uttaradhikari bhabare prachara kare . ehi prakashan tijanijutra eka kathore byakhya palana kare jaahaa ehara prusthagudikare mahilanka phatoku nishedha kare . "derr blat" satamaranka geonist birodhi abhimukhya anusarana kare .

iss noon bnd crow dair blait (, "panna" jaan "akhbar") ikk haftawari yiddish akhbar haii joe satmar hasidim duaara newyork shehar witch prakashit keeta jaanda haii. itihaas. "dair blait" dee sathapana sann 2000 witch satmar uttradhikari jhagde dey siddhe natije vajon keeti gaee see. uss samein toon pahilan, siraf ikk satmar akhbar see, "dair yeed". uttradhikari dey vivaad witch, "dair yidd" rabbi zalman teatlebaum dey samarthakan dey controll witch aaa giaa. iss neey uss dey virodhi, rabbi aaron teatlebaum dey samarthakan noon sanchar atey lock samparak laee ikk munch toon binan chhadd ditta, jiss naal unhan noon aapna ikk akhbar sathapat curran laee prerit keeta. natije vajon parkashan, parr pichle rib dey jaaiz uttradhikari vajon rabbi zalman dee bajaae rabbi aaron noon utshahit karda haii. parkashan zaniut dee ikk sakhat viaakhiaa dee palna karda haii joe iss dey panniaan utte aurtan deeaan tasviran noon rokada haii. "dair blait" satmar dey zionist virodhi rukh dee palna karda haii.

der blaat derr blaat (, "prushtam" athavaa "vruttapatrakam") nyuyaark-nagare satmaar hasidim ityanena prakaashitam saptahikam yiddish-vruttapatrakam asti. itihaasah. "derr blaat" ityasya sthapana 2000 tame varshe satmaar uttaradhikara-vivaadasya pratyaksharoopen abhavat. tatah poorvam "der yid" iti ekam satmaar-vruttapatram eva aasit. uttaradhikarasya vivaade "der yid" iti padam rabbi-jalmaan-teatlebaum ityasya samarthakanam niyantrane aasit. anena tasya pratidwandwee rabbi aaron teatlebaum ityasya samarthakaah, sampreshanasya janasamparkasy cha mancham vinaa, swakeeyam vruttapatrakam sthaapayitum preritaah. tatphalatah prakaashanam bhavati, parantu rabbi-zalman ityasya sthaane rabbi-aaron ityasya pracharam poorvasya rebe ityasya vaidhah uttaraadhikaari iti karoti. prakaashanam tzniot ityasya katoravyaakhyaam anusarati yat tasya prushteshu mahilanam chaayaachitraani nishedhayati. "derr blaat" iti padam satmaar ityasya zionist-virodhee-bhaavam anusarati.

terr plaat terr plaat (, "pakkam" allathu "seithiththaal") enbathu newyorg nagaril satmar hasidim enbavaraal veliyidappadum vaaraanthira yidish seithiththaal aagum. varalaaru. "satmar vaarisu sandaiyin neradi vilaivaaga 2000 aam aandil "terr plaat" niruvappattathu. adharku munbu, "terr yidd" endra oray oru satmar seithiththaal mattumae irunththathu. vaarisu thodarpaana sarchchaiyil, "terr yidd" rabbi jalman detelbaumin aatharavaalarkalin kattuppaattin keezh vanthathu. idhu avarathu poattiyaalaraana rabbi aaron detelbaumin aatharavaalarkalukku thagaval thodarbu mattrum makkal thodarbugalukkaana thalam illaamal poanathu, idhu avarkalai sonthamaaga oru seithiththaalai niruvath thoondiyathu. idhan vilaivaaga veliyidappatta veliyeedu, aanaal munththaiya rebayin muraiyaana vaarisaaga rabbi jalmanukku pathilaaka rabbi aaronai ookkuvikkirathu. inththa veliyeedu snitt pattriya kadumaiyaana vilakkatthai pinpattrukirathu, idhu adhan pakkangkalil penkalin pugaippadangkalaith thadaiseikirathu. "terr plaat" sathmarin seonisa ethirppu nilaippaattaip pinpattrukirathu.

derr blat derr blat (, "dhi pages" ledhaa "dhi vaartaapatrika") newyork nagaramlo satmar hasidim prachurinchina varapu yiddish vaartaapatrika. charitra. "satmar vaarasatva vairam pratyaksha phalitamgaa phalitamgaa "derr blat" sthaapinchabadindi. aaa samayaniki mundu, "derr yidh" anae oke oka satmar vaartaapatrika matrame undedi. vaarasatvampai vivaadamloo, "derr yidh" rabbi jalman teatlebaum maddatudaarula niyantranaloki vachindi. idhi athani pratyarthi rabbi aaron teatlebaum maddatudaarulaku communication mariyu praja sambandhaalaku vedika lekunda chesindi, vaari swantha vaartaapatrikanu sthaapinchadaaniki vaarini prerepinchindi. phalitamgaa prachurana, conny rabbi jalman kante rabbi aaronnu munupati rabbi yokka chattabaddhamaina varasudiga prothsahistundi. eee prachurana daani pageelalo mahilala chaayaachitraalanu nishedhinche tsniyat yokka kathinamaina vivaranaku kattubadi untundi. "derr blat" satmar yokka geonist vyatiraeka vaikharini anusaristundi.

dair blait dair blait (yee "safha" yaa "akhbaar") eek haftah waar yadash akhbaar hay juu neoyork shehar mein satmar haseedam kay zariah shaye hotaa hay. tareekh. "dair blait" 2000 mein satmaar janishini kay jhagday kay braah raast natijay kay toor parr qayem kiyaa gayaa thaa. iss waqat say pehley sarf eek satmaar akhbaar thaa "darr yadd". janishini kay tanazah mein "dair yadd" rabee zulman taitalbam kay haamiyon kay qabze mein aagiya. iss say inn kay hareef rabee aaron tetal boam kay haamiyon kay paas mawasilat aur taluqat aamah kay liye koyee plait faarm nahein rehaa jiss say wah apnaa eek akhbaar qayem karnay parr aamadah hoay. iss kay natijay mein shaye honay waali leakin rabee zamaan kay bajaye rabee aaron kuu pachlay rabee kay jayez jansheen kay toor parr farogh deeti hay. yaha ashaat zaneet kii sakht tashrih parr amal piraa hay juu iss kay safhaat parr khwatin kii tasavir leenay say manaa karti hay. "dair blait" satmaar kay seehuni mukhalif moqaf kii peervi kartaa hay.

0001ee0ab5da1a27c2b85f8d5e167f240357f21297c12eb8cd8406518e748ead

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=369727

Blowing Rock (land feature)

Blowing Rock (land feature) Blowing Rock is a rocky outcropping land feature in the town of Blowing Rock, North Carolina, above a gorge in the northern most portion of Caldwell County. The prevailing wind blows through the gorge toward Blowing Rock. There, at the end of the gorge, the wind's path of least resistance is up the steep slopes surmounted by the outcropping, resulting in a nearly vertical and typically strong wind. The legend of the Blowing Rock is that a Cherokee brave leapt from the rock into the wilderness below, only to have a gust of wind return him to his lover on top of the rock. This is a typical example of a lover's leap legend. Blowing Rock is private property; a fee for access is payable at the adjacent souvenir shop. The 2008 feature film "Goodbye Solo" features Blowing Rock in its concluding scene. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

furaa xil (bhumir boixistyo) fluying rok hoise caldwell countyr uttor ongxor etaa girikhator uporot thoka uttor kerulinar bloying rok sohoror ek xilamoy bohirgom bhumir boixistyo. prosolito botahtu upotyokatur maajere uri thoka xilor faale boi yaay. taat, girikhator xexot, botahor nyuntomo protirudhor poth hoise bohirgomonor dwara uporoloi uthi ohaa thiyo dhalburor uporot, jaar folot pray ulombo aaru xadharonote tibro botah hoy. ei uraa maara xiltur kingbodontitu hoh "lo je ejon seruki xahoxiye xiltur poraa tolor morubhumit uri goisil, kewol botahor jurere teuk xiltur uporot thoka teur premikaloi ghurai disil. eitu ejon premikar laaf kingbodontir ek xadharon udahoron. bloying rok hoise byoktigoto xompoti; prowexor baabe etaa masul kaxor smarok dukanot porixudh koribo lagibo. 2008 sonor solositro "biday ekok" too iyar xomapti drishyot bloying rokor boixistyo aase.

funse yawa sheela (sthol baisishtya) coldwell kauntir uttorer beshirbhag ongshe ekti girikhater upore uttor carolina shohorer ekti pathure bohirbhager baisishtya holl foon pathor. procholito batas girikhater modhyo diye probahito pathorer dike probahito hoy. sekhane, girikhater sheshe, bataser nyuntama protirodher pothti khada ddhalgulir upore jaa bohirbhag dwara atikram koraa hoy, jaar foley pray ullamba ebong sadharonoto shaktishali batas hoy. eyi probahito pathorer kingbadanti holl jey, ekjon cheroki sahoshi pathor theke neecher prantore lafiye porey, cable bataser ekti damka haoa taake pathorer upore taar premiker kachhe firiye deyo. etty ekjon premiker luff kingbadantir ekti sadharan udaharan. pathor udano byaktigato sampatti; probeshadhikarer jonno ekti phii sanglagna suvenir dokane prodeyo. 2008 saaler fitcher film "biday ekok" err samapti drishye bloying rock baisistyajukta.

bloing roqa (jameenni visheshta) fooling roqa aee uttar keroleenama fooling roqa shaherma, caldwell kaauntinaa uttareey bhagma aek kotarnee upar aek khadkaal outcropping jameennu laxan chhe. pravartmaan pawan khinmathi funkata khadak taraf vahe chhe. tyaan, kotarnaa ante, pavanno ochhama ochho pratikaarno maarg paaknee bahaarnaa dhholaav upar chhe, jenaa parinaame lagbhag oobho aneey saamanya reete teevra pawan aave chhe. funkata khadakni dantkathaa aee chhe keey aek cheroki bahadur khadakmathi neeche jangalma koodee padyo hato, maatra pavanno zatako tene khadakni toach parr tenaa premi paase paachho aape chhe. aaa premeeni koodako dantkathaanu aek lakshaneek udaaharan chhe. bloing roqa aee khangi meelkat chhe; pravesh maateni phii adeene aaveli smrutichinhni dukan parr chukavvapatra chhe. chhe feature film "goodbye solo" tenaa samaapan drashyamaa bloing roqa darshaave chhe.

udatee chattan (bhoomi visheshta) udatee chattan, uttari carolina key udatee chattan key shahar mein ack chattani outcropping bhoomi haye, joe caldwell county key uttari hisse mein ack ghaati key oopar haye. prachalit havaa ghaati key madhyam seey bahati hui chattan kii or bahati haye. vahaan, ghaati key anta mein, havaa kaa cumm seey cumm pratirodh kaa maarg khadee dhalanon parr haye, joe kii bahir fasal dwara oopar kii or haye, jisake parinamswarup lagbhag urdhvaadhar aur aamtaur parr tej havaa chalati haye. udatee chattan kii kinvadanti yeh haye kii ack cheroki bahadur chattan seey neeche key jangal mein kood gayaa, kewal havaa kaa ack jhonka usey chattan key oopar apane premi key paas vaapas curr detaa haye. yeh ack premi kii chhalang kii kathaa kaa ack vishisht udaaharan haye. chattan udaanaa niji sampatti haye; pahunch key liye ack shulk buggle kii smarika dukaan parr deya haye. 2008 kii feature film "alvida ekal" mein apane samaapan drishya mein rock udaane kii visheshta haye.

bloying rock (bhoo vaishishtya) caldwell kountiya uttara bhagada hecchina bhagada kaniveya mele uttara kerolinada bloying rock pattanadalli bloying rock ondu kallina horaharivina bhoo lakshanavaagide. chaaltiyalliruva gaaliyu kaniveya moolaka beesuva bandeya kadege beesuttade. allie, kaniveya koneyalli, gaaliya kanishta pratirodhada maargavu kadidaada ilijaarugala mele horaharivininda melakke hoguttade, idara parinaamavaagi bahuteka lambavaada mattu samanyavagi balavaada gaali beesuttade. beesuva bandeya dantakatheyendare, cheroki dhairyashali bandeyinda kelagina aranyakke haari, gaaliya birugaaliyannu hondalu maatra bandeya mele tanna premige hindiruguttaane. idu premigala jigitada dantakatheya ondu vishishta udaaharaneyaagide. bandeyannu haarisuvudu khasagi aastiyaagide; praveshakkagi shulkavannu pakkada smaaraka angadiyalli paavatisalaaguttade. 2008rahra chalanachitra "bye bye solo" tanna antima drashyadalli rock annu beesuvudannu olagondide.

bloying roock (land feature) caldwell kaundiyude vadakke bhaagathulla oru malayidukkinu mukalilulla vadakkan karolinayile bloying roock pattanatthile parakal niranja oru bhoopradesha savisheshathayaanu bloying roock. nilavilulla kaatt malayidukkiloode veeshunna paarayilekku veeshunnu. avide, malayidukkinte avasaanathil, kaattinte ettavum kuranja prathirodha paatha puramthallal marikadakkunna kuthaneyulla charivukalilaanu, ithu eathaandu lambavum saadhaaranayaayi sakthamaaya kaattin kaaranamaakunnu. oru dheeranaaya cheroki paarayil ninnu thaazheyulla marubhoomiyilekku chaadi, oru kaatt veeshumbol maathrame paarayude mukalilulla thante kaamukante aduthekku thirike athukayulloo ennathaanu eee paarayude aitihyam. oru kaamukante kuthichuchaattatthinte oru saadhaarana udaaharanamaanithu. bloying roock swakaarya swathaanu; aduthulla suvaneer kadayil praveshikkunnathinulla phees nalkendathundu. 2008-leeii feature philim "bye sooloo" athinte samapana ramgathil bloying roock avatharippikkunnu.

fuganara khadak (jaminiche vaishishtya) fulanara khadak heey uttar carolina yetheel yetheel khadakachya shaharatil, caldwell kauntichya uttarekadil bahutansh bhagatil darachya varr asalele eka khadkal bahyutpadan jameen vaishishtya aahe. prachalit vaara daritoon daritoon khadakachya dishene vahato. tethe, darachya shevati, fakt kiman pratikar marg haah, baherchya pikanchya chadhatya utaranvar chadhalela asato, parinami jawaljawal anulamb aanee samanyatah jordar vaara vahato. yaa vahatya khadakachi aakhyayika ashee aahe qee eka shoor cheroki khadakatoon khalchya valvantat udee marley, fakt fakt zot tyala tyachya khadkavar asalelya priyakarakade parat aanato. premichya zep dantkatheche heey eka vaishishtyapurn udaharan aahe. dagad udavane hii khajgi malmatta aahe; praveshasathiche shulk jawalchya smaranika dukanat dey asate. 2008 salchya 'goodbye solo' yaa chitrapatamadhye tyachya antim drushyat 'bloing rock' dakhavanyat aala aahe.

bloing ruck (bhumi visheshta) fulairaheko chattan, uttari carolinako fulairaheko chattanko saharma, caldwell countyko uttari bhagko ghatiko mathi raheko chattan bahira nikalne bhumiko visheshta how. prachalit hawa ghatibata udne chattantira bagchha. tyahan, ghatiko antyama, hawako nyunatam pratirodhko marga bahiri fasalle mathi uthaeko thado dhalanharuma hunchha, jasko parinamswarup lagbhag thado rar samanyataya kada hawa bagchha. udne chattanko kinwadanti key how bhane ek cheroki bahadur chattanbata talko ujadsthanma ufryo, kewal hawako jhonk pauna usalai chattanko mathi raheko afno premilai firta gardacha. yo premiko jump kinwadantiko euta wishishta udaharan how. bloing ruck niji sampatti how; pahunchka lagi shulk chheuchhauko smarika pasalma tirna yogya chha. sann 2008 ko fitcher film "goodbye solo" ley yasako samapan drishyama bloing ruck prastut gardacha.

phunga pathara (bhumi baisistya) caldwell kauntira uttara bhagare thiba eka girikhata upare, uttara karolinare thiba bloing rock saharare bloing rock heuchhi eka pathara bahirbhaga bhumi baisistya . prachlita pabana ehi girikhata dei prabahita pathara aadaku prabahita hoithae. sethare, girikhatara sheshare, pubner sarbanimna pratirodhara path heuchhi bahirbhaga dwara aachadita sidha dhalu upare, phalaswaroopa praiah ullamb ebong sadharanatah prabala pabana hoithae . ehi udi jauthiba patharatira kimbadanti heuchhi je jane cheroki sahasi pathararu talaku marubhumiku dein padithile, kebala pubner eka gunjana tanku pathara upare thiba taanka premikanka nikataku ferai deithila . ehaa jane premeenka lumph kimbadanti rahr eka sadharana udaharana . phunga pathara heuchhi eka byaktigata sampatti; prabesha paain eka shulka nikatasta smaraki dokanare debaku pade . 2008 masihar baisistya chalachitra "bidai ekaka" ehara shesh drushyare bloing rock ku pradarshita kare .

chattan udauna (zamini visheshta) full chattan uttri carolina dey shehar witch ikk pathrili outcroping zamini visheshta haii, joe caldwell county dey uttri hisse witch ikk khadd dey uppar haii. havaa khadd vicchon chattan udaun vall vagadi haii. utthe, khadd dey ant witch, havaa daa ghatto ghatt virodh daa maarag uppar deeaan ucchiaan dhalanan utte haii, jiss dey natije vajon lagbhag lambkari atey aam taur utte tez havaa challdi haii. iss chattan dee kahani ih haii kii ikk cheroki bahadar chattan toon hethan ujaad witch chhaal maar keey chattan dey sikhar utte aapne premi noon waps qarr dinda haii. ih ikk premi dee chhaal dee kahani dee ikk vishesh udaharan haii. full chattan nijji jaidad haii; pahunch laee ikk fees naal laggdi smark dee dukan 'teey bhugtan keeti jaandi haii. 2008 dee feature film "alvida solo" witch iss dey samapati drish witch chattan udaun dee visheshta haii.

shilayaha prapaatah (bhoomivisheshah) vaayuvaahak-shilaa, caldwell-prantasya uttarabhage, uttar-kerolina-pradeshe vaayuvaahak-shilaa-nagare, girikhandasya upari, shilaayuktah bahirbhaagah asti. pravartamaanah vaayuh girikhaateh pravartamana-shilayaha prati pravahati. tatra, girikhandasya ante, vaayoh nyoonatam-pratirodhasya maargah, aprushtena upari sthitanam teevra-dhalanam upari asti, yasya parinaamen praayah oordhvaadharah, samanyataha prabalah cha vaayuh bhavati. prasphutitasya shilayaha akhyayika asti yat ekaha cheroki-veerah shilayaha oordhvatah adhah aranye udhvasat, kevalam vayupravahena saha shilayaha upari sthitasya swapremeem prati pratyarpitah. etat premikeasmin koordana-akhyayikayaha vishishtam udaaharanam asti. shilayaha prapaatah nijee-sampattih asti; samipasthasya smarika-bhandaare praveshaartham shulkam deyam asti. 2008 tame varshe "baibai solo" iti feature-chalacchitrasya samaapan-drushye bloying raak iti drushyate.

uuthukira paarai (nilap amsam) floying raak enbathu caltwell kavundiyin vadakkup paguthiyil ulla oru pallatthaakkukku maelae, vadakku carolinavil ulla floying raak nagaril ulla oru paarai velippura nila amsamaagum. nilavum kaattru pallaththaakkin vazhiyaaga veechum paaraiyai noakki veesukirathu. angku, pallaththaakkin mudivil, kaatrin kurainthapatcha ethirppin paathai sengkuththaana sarivugalukku mael ullathu, idhan vilaivaaga kittatthatta sengkuththaana mattrum podhuvaaga valuvaana kaattru veesukirathu. oru serogi thunichalaana paarai paaraiyilirunthu keezhae ulla vanappaguthikku kuthiththathu, oru kaatrin suzharchi mattumae avarai paaraiyin mael ulla thanathu kaathalaridam thiruppiyathu enbathu veechum paaraiyin puraanakkathai. idhu oru cathalan leep puraanaththirku oru podhuvaana eduththukkaattu. paarai veesuvathu oru thaniyar soththaagum; arugilulla ninaivuchchinnak kadaiyil anuguvatharkaana kattanam seluththappadukirathu. 2008 aam aandu veliyaana "paii paii solo" endra thiraippataththil adhan iruthik kaatchiyil raak veechum kaatchi idampettrullathu.

oodutunna rock (bhoomi lakshanam) caldwell county yokka uttara bhaagamlo oka loya paina unna uttara karolinaloni bloying rock pattanamlo bloying rock anedi raathi pantala bhoomi lakshanam. prabalamaina gaali loya gundaa eguravese raathi vaipu veestundi. akkada, loya chivarilo, gaali yokka kaneesa nirodhakata maargam nitaruga unna vaalula paiki untundi, dheeni phalitamgaa daadaapu niluvugaa mariyu saadhaaranamgaa balamaina gaali veestundi. oodutunna raathi yokka puraanam emitante, oka cheroki dhairyavanthudu raathi nundi diguva aranyamloki dhooki, gaali yokka tuphaanu matrame rock paina unna thana premikudiki tirigi istaadu. idhi oka premikudi leepu puraanaaniki oka vilakshanhamaina udaaharana. rock oodadam anedi vyaktigata aasti; prakkane unna smaaraka dukaanamloo pravaesaaniki rusumu chellinchabadutundi. 2008 chalana chitram "bye bye solo" daani mugimpu sannivesamlo rock oodadam kaligi undhi.

blowing raak (zamini khususiyat) adaaney waali chataan eek chatani aaot cropping zamini khususiyat hay juu shamali carolina kay shehar mein kyald weel county kay shamali hasay mein eek gahaati kay oopar hay. maujudah hawaa gahaati say guzar kirr chataan kii taraf chalti hay. wahaan gahaati kay aakhir mein hawaa kaa kumm say kumm mazahimat kaa raastah khadee dhalwanon parr hotaa hay juu aaot cropping kay zariye sarayat karti haine jiss kay natijay mein taqriba amudi aur aam toor parr teez hawaa chalti hay. adti hoyee chataan kii daastaan yaha hay kahh eek cheroki bahadar chataan say neechey kay bayaban mein chhalang lagaa sarf hawaa kaa eek jhunka asay chataan kay oopar apnay premi kay paas waps kirr deeta hay. yaha eek premi kii chhalang kii daastaan kii eek aam misaal hay. blowing raak najee malkiyat hay vovo rasayi kii fees malhaqah yaadgaari dakaan parr qaabil adayegi hay. 2008 kii fatcher film "bayee solo" mein apnay ikhtatami manzar mein blowing raak kuu dikhaya gayaa hay.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=1848091

Arrack

Arrack Distilled alcoholic drink typically produced in South and Southeast Asia Arrack is a distilled alcoholic drink typically produced in India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, made from the fermented sap of coconut flowers or sugarcane, and also with grain (e.g. red rice) or fruit depending upon the country of origin. It is sometimes spelled arak, or simply referred to as 'rack or 'rak. It is not to be confused with the anise-flavored distilled spirit called arak or araq. In many parts of India arrack is colloquially known as "desi daru". There are two primary styles of arrack that are very different from one another: "Batavia arrack" is often clear in color but has a flavor profile more similar to dark rum, with a distinctive "funk" or "hogo" imparted to it from fermented red rice. Sri Lankan (Ceylon) arrack, by contrast, is a more refined and subtle spirit. It has hints of cognac and rum character and a wealth of delicate floral notes. Both styles are also made "in house" by local citizenry and can be more akin to moonshine in their presentation. History. Strabo reports Indians made a beverage from rice which is known as arak. Arrack predates all "New World" spirits, as it is a parent to aguardiente (which was, in turn, the parent of rum, rhum agricole, and ron). Genoese merchants made the spirit as a byproduct of their sugar cane production in the Canary Islands. Besides making sugar, they produced arrack instead of importing it for their growing list of customers. Other early arrack was distilled from molasses and water, using dried cakes of red rice and botanicals that contain yeast and other fungi to trigger the fermentation process (this technique can be traced back thousands of years to China and even predates the birth of distillation). It is also claimed to have been distilled in India in 800 BC, but while palm wine and fermented sugar-cane drinks were being made around this time period not all believe that formal distillation was taking place. Outside Asia, the spirit was a common ingredient in the proliferation of Indian alcoholic punch, and was particularly popular in Holland and Sweden. It was the first distilled spirit consumed in the continental US, in the colonies of New Sweden and New Netherland, but is now mostly confused with the more common and similar spelled anise-flavored spirit arak. Regardless of the exact origin, arrack has come to symbolize a multitude of largely unrelated, distilled alcohols produced throughout Asia and the eastern Mediterranean. This is largely due to the proliferation of distillation knowledge throughout the Middle East during the 14th century. Each country named its own alcohol by using various Latin alphabet forms of the same word which was synonymous with distillation at the time ("arak, araka, araki, ariki, arrack, arack, raki, raque, racque, rac, rak"). 1864 English and Australian Cookery Book described arrack as "a spirituous liquor from the East Indies. This term, or its corruption, rack, is applied to any spirituous liquor in the East. The true arrack is said to be distilled from "toddy", the fermented juice of the coconut flower. It is however, frequently distilled from rice and sugar, fermented with the cocoa-nut juice." Arrack in different countries. India. Arrack was banned in the states of Kerala in 1996, and Karnataka on 1 July 2007. Indonesia (Batavia) arrack. Within Indonesia itself, the term "arak" is still widely used to describe arrack. Arak (or rice wine) was a popular alcoholic beverage during the colonial era. It is considered the "rum" of Indonesia because, like rum, it is distilled from sugarcane. It is a pot still distillation. To start the fermentation, local fermented red rice is combined with local yeast to give a unique flavor and smell of the distillate. It is distilled to approx. 70% ABV. Like rum, Batavia-arrack is often a blend of different original parcels. One of the longest established arrack companies in Indonesia is the Batavia Arak Company (Dutch "Batavia-Arak Maatschappij"), which was already in business by 1872, became a limited liability company in 1901, and was still operating in the early 1950s. The Batavia Arak Company also exported arack to the Netherlands and had an office in Amsterdam. Some of the arrack brand produced by Batavia Arak Company were KWT (produced in the Bandengan (Kampung Baru) area of old Jakarta) and OGL. Still commonly available in Northern Europe and Southern Asia, Batavia-arrack can be difficult to find in the United States. "Batavia-Arrack van Oosten" is a more recently available brand. Batavia-arrack is said to enhance flavor when used as a component in other products, such as pastries (like the Finnish Runeberg torte or the Dresdner Stollen), or in the confectionery and flavor industries. It is used in herbal and bitter liqueurs, and as a component in alcoholic punches (such as punsch, regent punch, royal punch, and black tea-port milk punch). Its use in punch was noted by early American bartender Jerry Thomas: "Most of the arrack imported into this country is distilled from rice, and comes from Batavia. It is but little used in America, except to flavor punch; the taste of it is very agreeable in this mixture. Arrack improves very much with age. It is much used in some parts of India, where it is distilled from toddy, the juice of the coconut tree". In Indonesia, arrack is often created as a form of moonshine. Methanol poisoning. Indonesian arak containing methanol has caused both local and tourist deaths from methanol toxicity. Arak plays a socially and culturally important role in Balinese society, where it is often diluted with water, shared with friends, or drunk in small quantities during religious ceremonies. However, with the growth of tourism, the need for cheap alcohol, and increases in alcohol import taxes and regulations, arak became the spirit of choice for many mixed drinks in bars. With the growth in arak production and popularity, more deaths from methanol poisoning were reported. Arak is usually sold on the black market, without regulation, where methanol is sometimes left in the arak due to incorrect distilling methods, where insufficient heat is used to burn off the methanol component. Philippines. A Filipino term for distilled and undistilled alcoholic drinks in general is "alak", derived from the Arabic word "ʿaraq". The term "arak", though, is specifically used in Ilocano. They can be derived from palm sap (notably coconut, nipa palm, or kaong palm), sugarcane, or rice. Native alcohol that are traditionally distilled include lambanóg and laksoy, which are made from the sap of palm flowers. The sap is harvested into bamboo receptacles similar to rubber tapping, then cooked or fermented to produce a mildly-alcoholic coconut toddy called "tubâ". The "tubà", which by itself is also a popular beverage, is further distilled to produce lambanóg (or laksoy, if made from nipa palm sap). The Italian explorer, Antonio Pigafetta, stated that the arrack that he drank in Palawan and nearby islands in 1521 was made from distilled rice wine. However, he was likely referring to "pangasi", a rice wine which is not distilled. Sri Lanka (Ceylon) arrack. Sri Lanka is the largest producer of coconut arrack and up until 1992 the government played a significant role in its production. Other than water, the entire manufacturing process revolves around the fermentation and distillation of a single ingredient, the sap of unopened flowers from a coconut palm ("Cocos nucifera"). Each morning at dawn, men known as toddy tappers move among the tops of coconut trees using connecting ropes not unlike tightropes. A single tree may contribute up to two litres per day. Due to its concentrated sugar and yeast content, the captured liquid naturally and immediately ferments into a mildly alcoholic drink called "toddy", "tuak", or occasionally "palm wine". Within a few hours after collection, the toddy is poured into large wooden vats, called "wash backs", made from the wood of teak or Berrya cordifolia. The natural fermentation process is allowed to continue in the washbacks until the alcohol content reaches 5-7% and deemed ready for distillation. Distillation is generally a two-step process involving either pot stills, continuous stills, or a combination of both. The first step results in "low wine", a liquid with an alcohol content between 20 and 40%. The second step results in the final distillate with an alcohol content of 60 to 90%. It is generally diluted to between 33% and 50% alcohol by volume (ABV) or 66 to 100 proof. The entire distillation process is completed within 24 hours. Various blends of coconut arrack diverge in processing, yet the extracted spirit may also be sold raw, repeatedly distilled or filtered, or transferred back into halmilla vats for maturing up to fifteen years, depending on flavour, colour and fragrance requirements. Premium blends of arrack add no other ingredients, while the inexpensive and common blends are mixed with neutral spirits before bottling. Most people describe the taste as resembling "...a blend between whiskey and rum", similar, but distinctively different at the same time. Coconut arrack is traditionally consumed by itself or with ginger beer, a popular soda in Sri Lanka. It also may be mixed in cocktails as a substitute for the required portions of either rum or whiskey. Arrack is often combined with popular mixers such as cola, soda water, and lime juice. Production types. According to the Alcohol and Drug Information Centre's 2008 report on alcohol in Sri Lanka, the types of arrack are: Producers. Sri Lanka's largest manufacturers, listed in order based on their 2019 annual production of arrack, are: Ceylon Arrack, a brand of Sri Lankan coconut arrack, was recently launched in the UK in 2010. It is also available in France and Germany. White Lion VSOA entered the American market soon after. St Helena. Historically arrack has been a common beverage on the island of St Helena, distilled from potatoes. This is likely due to influences of the East India Company, which controlled St Helena and used it as a halfway point between India and England. Sweden and Finland. In Sweden and Finland, Batavia-arrack has historically been mixed with other ingredients in order to make Swedish punsch (now available in prepackaged bottles). The alcohol content is normally not over 25%, although it has a high sugar content of nearly 30%. The original recipe was a mixture of arrack with water, sugar, lemon, and tea and/or spices (chiefly nutmeg). Today punsch is drunk warm (in Sweden) or cold (in Finland) as an accompaniment to yellow split pea soup (in Sweden) or green split pea soup (in Finland), or chilled as an after dinner drink accompanied with coffee (especially during dinner parties at student nations). It is used as a flavouring in several types pastries and sweets as well. The name arrak is still retained for some pastries, for example "arraksboll", whereas punsch is used for things like "punschrulle". In Finland, arrack (or rum) usually serves as one of the ingredients in the making one of the Finnish traditional pastries, Runeberg tortes. Etymology. The word derived from the Arabic word "arak" (عرق, "ʿaraq"), meaning 'distillate'. In the Eastern Mediterranean, the term "arak" is usually used for liquor distilled from grapes and flavored with anise. Unlike arak, the word arrack has been considered by some experts to be derived from "areca nut", a palm seed originating in India from the areca tree and used as the basis for many varieties of arrack. In 1838, Samuel Morewood's work on the histories of liquors was published. On the topic of arrack, he said: References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

erak erak hoise xadharonote bharot, srilongka aaru dokhyin-pubo esiyat utpadito ek paatit xurajukto paniyo, jitu narikol ful baa kuhiyaror gajanuwa roxor poraa toiyar koraa hoy, aaru xosyor xoiteu (udah.ji. ronga saul) baa foll utxor dexor uporot nirbhor kore. iyak ketiyaba aarak baanan koraa hoy, baa kewol 'rek baa rek "buli kuwa hoy. iyak aarak baa aarak naamor enis-xuwadjukto paatit aatmar xoite bibhranto koribo nalage. bharotor bohu thait aarakok kothyo bhaxat "dexi daaru" buli jonaa yaay. erekor dutaa prathomik xoili aase jibur ijone xijonor poraa oti prithokoh "batabhiya erek" praye rongot sposto kintu iyar etaa xuwad profile dark raamor xoite odhik mill aase, zo 'too gajai luwa ronga saulor poraa iyak diya ek bixex "funk" baa "hogu" aase. "iyar biporite "chelon erek" hoise ek odhik porimito aaru xukhmo aatma. iyat koo 'negyak aaru raam soritror ingito aaru bohutu xukhmo fulor swor aase. duyuta xoili sthaniyo nagorike "inn house" ror dwarau toiyar kore aaru teulukor uposthaponot sondroxikhar xoite odhik xadrisyo thakibo paare. itihax. strabur protibedon onuxori bharotixokole saulor poraa etaa paniyo prostut korisil jaak aarak buli jonaa yaay. ereke xokolu "notun prithibi" aatmar purbe aase, kiyonu ee aguardienter pitri-maatri (ji, iyar pholsworupe, raam, rum egorik 'lo, aaru ronor pitri-maatri aasil). jinn "jo byowoxayixokole ei aatmak keneri dipxomuhot teulukor kuhiyar utpadonor upojat hisape gorhi tulisil. cheni prostut korar uporiu teuluke teulukor grahokor bordhito talikar baabe aamdani korar poriworte erek utpadon korisil. aan prarombhik erek gurh aaru panir poraa paaton koraa hoisil, ronga saulor xukan kek aaru udbhidbigyan byobohar kori zo 'too khaami aaru onyanyo bhekur thaake gaajon prokriyatu aarombho koriboloi (ei kouxoltu haajar haajar bosor puroni sinot bisari puwa yaay aaru aanoki paatonor jonmor aagoru). iyak bharotot 800 khristopurbot paaton koraa hoisil buliu daabi koraa hoy, kintu ei xomoisuwat paam wine aaru gajanu kuhiyar paniyo prostut koraa hoisil jodiu xokoluwe biswax nokore je anusthanik paaton soli aasil. asier bahirot, bharotiyo xurar panchor proxaronot ei aatmatu ek xadharon upadan aasil, aaru bixexkoi hoh 'lend aaru suidenot jonopriyo aasil. ee aasil aamerika mohadexot, niu suiden aaru niu netherlandor uponibexot byobohar koraa prothom paatit aatma, kintu etiya besibhagei odhik xadharon aaru ekedhoronor bananjukto enij-xuwadjukto aatma aarakor xoite bibhranto hoi porise. xothik utpotti jiyei nohouk, erak xomogro esiya aaru pubo bhumodhyoxagorot utpadito bohulangxe xomporkito, paatit xurar protik hoi porise. iyar mool kaaron hoise 14xo xotikat xomogro modhyo prasyot paaton gyanor proxaron. protikhon dexe eke xobdor bibhinno letin bornomalar rup byobohar kori nijor xurar naam disil ji xei xomoyot paatonor xomarthok aasil ("aarak, aaraka, aaraki, aariki, aarak, aarak, aarak, raak, raak, rek, raak"). 1864 sonor ingraji aaru australian rondhonpronalir gronthot erakok "pubo bharotor ek adhyatmik xura" buli bornona koraa hoise. ei xobdotu, baa iyar durneeti, rek, pubor jikunu adhyatmik xurar khetrot proyug koraa hoy. prokrito erektu narikol fulor gajanu rox "tody" ror poraa paaton koraa buli kuwa hoy. obosye iyak xoghonai saul aaru senir poraa paaton koraa hoy, zo 'too kuku-badamor roxor xoite gajai diya hoy." bibhinno dexot erak. bharot. 1996 sonot kerala rajyot aarak aaru 2007 sonor 1 julyte kornatokot nixidho koraa hoisil. indonesia (batabhiya-aarak). indonesiyar bhitorote, "aarak" xobdotu etiyau aarak bornona koriboloi byapokbhabe byobohar koraa hoy. aarak (baa saulor xura) ouponibexik jugot ek jonopriyo xurar paniyo aasil. iyak indonesiyar "raam" buli gonyo koraa hoy kaaron raamor dore iyak kuhiyaror poraa paaton koraa hoy. eitu etiyau paaton koraa etaa paatro. gaajon aarombho koriboloi, sthaniyo gaajon koraa ronga saul sthaniyo khorir xoite ekotrito kori paatonor ek ononyo xuwad aaru gundho diya hoy. iyak pray porimane paaton koraa hoy. 70 xotangxo e. bi. bhi.. raamor dore, batabhiya-erek praye bibhinno mool parchelor mishron. indonesiyar ataitkoi digholiya protistha huwa erek companyxomuhor bhitorot etaa hoise batabhiya aarak company (dusch "batabhiya-aarak matchapij"), ji itimodhye 1872 sonor bhitorot byowoxayot aasil, 1901 sonot ximito daybodhota companyt porinot hoisil, aaru 1950 sonor aarombhonite etiyau karzokori aasil. batabhiya aarak companye netherlandoloi aarek roptani korisil aaru amsterdamot iyar etaa karzaloy aasil. batabhiya aarak companye prostut koraa kisuman erek brend aasil cadabliuti (puroni jakartar bendengan (kampung baaru) oncholot prostut koraa) aaru ugol. etiyau uttor euroop aaru dokhyin esiyat xadharonote upolobdho, batabhiya-erek aamerikat bisari puwatu kothin hoh 'bob paare. "batabhiya-erek bhen oh 'sten" hoise oti xehotiyakoi upolobdho etaa brend. batabhiya-erekok aan xamogri jene pestri (jene finis runeberg tort baa dresdoner stolen), baa mistanno aaru xuwad udyugxomuhot upadan hisape byobohar korile xuwad briddhi kore buli kuwa hoy. iyak bhexoj aaru tikto xurar byobohar koraa hoy, aaru xurar panchot (jene panch, regent panch, royel panch, aaru black ti-port milk panch) ek upadan hisape byobohar koraa hoy. panchot iyar byobohar prarombhik aamerikan bartender jeree thomase ullekh korisiloh "ei dexoloi aamdani koraa besibhag erek saulor poraa paaton koraa hoy, aaru batavier poraa aahe. aamerikat iyar byobohar maatro komm, kintu xuwador panchor baahire; ei misronot iyar xuwad oti posondojugyo. boyoxor loge loge erekor jothesto unnoti hoy. bharotor kisuman ongxot iyak jothesto byobohar koraa hoy, zo 'too iyak narikol gosor rox todir poraa paaton koraa hoy. indonesiat, erak praye sondrosworonor ek rup hisape sristi koraa hoy. methanol bixokriya. mithen 'lo thoka indonesian aarakor folot mithen' lor bixaktotar folot sthaniyo aaru porjotok ubhoyore mrityu hoise. baalir xomajot aarake xamajik aaru xangoskritikbhabe ek guruttopurno bhumika paalon kore, zo 'too iyak praye panire paatol koraa hoy, bondhuborgor xoite bhag-botora koraa hoy, baa dhormiyo onusthanor xomoyot komm porimane xurapan koraa hoy. obosye, porjotonor bikax, xosta xurar proyujoniyota, aaru xura aamdani korr aaru niyomawoli briddhir loge loge, baarot bohutu misrito paniyor baabe aarak posondor monubhawot porinot hoisil. aarak utpadon aaru jonopriyota briddhir loge loge mithen 'lo bixokriyar folot odhik mrityur khobor puwa goisil. xadharonote koo 'laa bojarot kunu niyom obihone aarak bikri koraa hoy, zo' too ketiyaba aarak xoktixali koriboloi methanol jug koraa hoy. philipine. xadharonote paaton aaru poriskar nuhuwa xurapanor baabe etaa philipinu xobdo hoise "aalak", jitu aarbi xobdo "aarak" ror poraa udbhob hoise. obosye "aarak" xobdotu bixexbhabe ilukanut byobohar koraa hoy. xeibur paam rox (bixexkoi narikol, nipa paam, baa kaung paam), kuhiyar baa saulor poraa aahoron koribo paari. poromporagotobhabe paaton koraa sthaniyo xurar bhitorot aase lembanog aaru lakchoy, jibur taal fulor roxor poraa toiyar koraa hoy. roxtu robor tappingor dore baahor recheptakelot sopuwa hoy, taar pisot "taab" naamor etaa mridu xura-xura narikolor tody utpadon koriboloi rondha baa gajai diya hoy. tuba", jitu nijei ek jonopriyo paniyo, lembanug (baa lexoy, jodi nipa paam roxor poraa toiyar koraa hoy) utpadon koriboloi aaru paaton koraa hoy. italyr onwexonkari antonio 'pigaphetar mote 1521 sonot palawan aaru usoror dipxomuhot teu khuwa erektu paatit saulor xurar poraa toiyar koraa hoisil. obosye, teu xombhobotoh "pangasi" naamor etaa saulor xurar kotha ullekh korisil jitu paaton koraa nohoy. srilongka (chelon-erak). narikol erekor xorbobrihot utpadok hoise srilongka aaru 1992 sonoloike sorkare iyar utpadonot ek guruttopurno bhumika paalon korisil. panir bahireu, xomogro utpadon prokriyatu etaa upadanor gaajon aaru paatonor sariufale ghuri thaake, narikol paamor ("kukuch nusifera") poraa khula nuhuwa fulor rox. protidine ratipuwa tody taper naamere jonajat puruxxokole xongzukto rosi byobohar kori narikol gosor xirxor maajot solasol kore, jitu titorpor dore nohoy. etaa gosoi protidine dui literoloike orihona jugabo paare. iyar ghono cheni aaru khorir porimanor baabe, dhora poraa torol prakritikbhabe aaru loge loge "tody", "tuwak" baa maaje maaje "paam wine" naamor etaa mridu xura paniyoloi gajai yaay. xongroho korar keighontamanor bhitorote, toditu segun baa beriya cordifolier kaathor poraa toiyar koraa "waas bek" naamor dangor kaathor bhyatot dhaali diya hoy. prakritik gaajon prokriyatu waxbekot obyahot rakhiboloi onumoti diya hoy jetiyaloike xurar poriman 5-7%-too uponeet nohoy aaru paatonor baabe xaju buli gonyo koraa nohoy. paaton xadharonote etaa dutaa-porzayor prokriya zo 'too hoy patror sthir, obirot sthir baa duyutar xongmisron jorito thaake. prothom podokhyepor folot "lu wine" hoy, 20ror poraa 40 xotangxor bhitorot xurar poriman thoka torol. dwitiyo porzayor folot 60ror poraa 90 xotangxo xurar porimanor xoite suranto paaton hoy. iyak xadharonote volume (e. bi. bhi.) baa 66ror poraa 100 proofor dwara 33 xotangxor poraa 50 xotangxor bhitorot xurar poraa paatol koraa hoy. xomogro paaton prokriyatu 24 ghontar bhitorot xompurno koraa hoy. narikol erekor bibhinno mishron prokriyakoronot prithok hoi pore, tothapiu niskaxito spirittu kesa bikri koribo paari, baare baare paaton baa filter koribo paari, baa xuwad, rong aaru xugondhir proyujoniyotar uporot nirbhor kori 15 bosoroloike poripoko hoh 'boloi halmila bhyatoloi ghurai sthanantor koribo paari. erekor primiyam misrone aan kunu upadan jug nokore, aanhate xostiya aaru xadharon misronbur bottlingor aagote nirpekhyo spiritor xoite misrito koraa hoy. besibhag lukei xuwadtu eke zen bornona kore. ..huiski aaru raamor maajot etaa mishron, "eke xomoyote eke, kintu swotontrobhabe prithok. narikol erek poromporagotobhabe nije baa aada biyoror xoite khuwa hoy, ji hoise srilongkar ek jonopriyo suda. iyak raam baa huiskir proyujoniyo ongxor bikolpo hisape koktelot mishron koribo paari. erak praye kulaa, cho "daa waatar aaru sunor roxor dore jonopriyo mixoror xoite ekotrito koraa hoy. utpadonor prokar. srilongkat xurar uporot xura aaru drugs tothyo kendror 2008 sonor protibedon onuxori, erakor prokarxomuh hoh 'loh projujokxokol. 2007 sonot teulukor barxik erek utpadonor uporot bhitti kori kromot talikabhukto srilongkar xorbobrihot utpadonkarixokol hoh 'loh 2010 sonot eu. key. too mukoli koraa hoisil srilongkan narikol erekor etaa brend chelon erek. ee france aaru germanyt upolobdho. iyar kichu xomoyor pisote bogaa xingho bhi. ess. oh ". e. aamerikar bojarot prowex korisil. saint helena. oitihaxikbhabe erak saint helena dipot aalur poraa paaton koraa ek xadharon paniyo hoi aahise. eitu xombhobotoh isto india companyr probhawor baabe hoisil, jiye saint helenak niyontron korisil aaru iyak bharot aaru englandor maajot aadha poth hisape byobohar korisil. suiden aaru finland. suiden aaru finlandot, oitihaxikbhabe betavia-erekok onyanyo upadanor xoite misrito kori suidix panch (etiya purboprostut koraa botolot upolobdho) prostut koraa hoise. xurar poriman xadharonote 25 xotangxotkoi odhik nohoy, jodiu iyat pray 30 xotangxo uscho senir poriman thaake. mool rondhon pronalitu aasil paanee, cheni, nemu, aaru saah aaru/baa mosola (prodhankoi jaifol) ror xoite erekor mishron. aaji panchok halodhiya bibhokto motoror supor xoite goromkoi baa kofir xoite (bixexkoi saatro-chatri dexxomuhot noixobhujor xomoyot) raatir aaharor pisot xitol paniyo hisape paan koraa hoy. iyak bibhinno dhoronor pestri aaru mithaitu xuwad hisape byobohar koraa hoy. kisuman pestrir baabe aarak naamtu etiyau bojai rokha hoise, udahoronsworupe "araxbol", aanhate panch "panchorule" ror dore bostur baabe byobohar koraa hoy. finlandot, erek (baa raam) xadharonote finlandor poromporagot pestri, runaberg tort toiyar korar ek upadan hisape kaam kore. byutpotti. ei xobdotu aarbi xobdo "aarak" (aarok, "aarak") ror poraa udbhob hoise, jaar ortho hoise "paaton". pubo bhumodhyoxagorot, "aarak" xobdotu xadharonote aanguror poraa paaton koraa aaru enisor xoite xuwad diya xurar baabe byobohar koraa hoy. aarakor biporite, kisuman bixexogyoi aarak xobdotu "erika nott" ror poraa udbhob huwa buli bibesona korise, jitu bharotot erika gosor poraa udbhob huwa ek taalor beej aaru bohutu prokaror erakor aadhar hisape byobohar koraa hoy. 1838 sonot xurar itihaxor uporot semuwel moroudor kaam prokax paisil. erakor bixoyot teu koichiloh

arac arac holl ekti patito madyap panian jaa sadharonoto bharat, srilanka ebong dakkhin-purbo asia utpadito hoy, jaa narkel phul baa aakh theke ganjano ross ebong shosyo (jemon.zii. laal chaal) baa foll jaa utso desher upor nirbhar korey. etty kokhono kokhono arak banan koraa hoy, baa cable 'rack baa' rack hisabe ullekh koraa hoy. etike arak baa arak naame porichito anniz-swader patito atmar saathe bibhranto koraa uchito noy. bharoter onek ongshe orak kothyo bhasay "deshi daru" naame porichito. duti prathomik shailir arek royeche jaa eke oporer theke khub aladah "batavia arek" prayashai rongo sposhto hoy tobey gaadh ramer moto ekti swad prophaila royeche, ekti swatantra "funk" baa "hogo" ganjano laal chaal theke deoa hoy. "sealon arac", biporite, ekti arow porimarjito ebong sukkho atma. etey kognak ebong romm choritrer ingito royeche ebong sukkho fuler note royeche. ubhoy shoilii sthaniya nagrikder dwara "barite" toiri koraa hoy ebong taader uposthaponai chaander alor saathe arow mill thakte paare. itihas. strabo report korey jey bharatiyara chaal theke ekti panian toiri koroto jaa arak naame porichito. arac samasta "notun bishwer" atmar purboborti, kaaron etty aguardiente (jaa, falaswarup, romm, raam agricol ebong roner mool chhilo) err abhibhabok. zina byabasayira cannery dweeppunje taader aakh utpadoner upojato hisabe eyi spirit toiri korechilo. chinny toirir pashapashi, taaraa taader kromobordhoman grahokder jonno amdani korar poriborte arek utpadon koroto. anyanno prathomik arek gurh ebong joll theke patito koraa hoto, laal chaaler shukno keeka ebong udbhidbidya byabohar korey jaa khamir prokriya shuru korey (eyi kaushalti hazar hazar bochor agey cheene pawa yaay ebong emonki paton howar purbobortio). etty 800 khristopurbabde bharte paton koraa hoyechilo boley daabi koraa hoy, tobey eyi somoyer modhye paam wine ebong ganjano aakh panian toiri koraa hoyechilo, tobey sobai biswas korey naa jey anusthanik paton ghotchilo. assier baire, spirit bharatiya madyap ghushi bistarer ekti sadharan upadan chhilo ebong holland ebong suidene biseshbhabe janapriya chhilo. etty chhilo mahadeshiya markin juktorashtre, notun suiden ebong notun netherlander uponibeshgulite byabohrito prothom patito atma, tobey ekhon beshirbhagi arow sadharan ebong anurup bananjukto anniz-swader spirit araker saathe bibhranto. sothik utso nirbisheshe, asia ebong purbo bhumadhyasagar judey utpadito prachur porimane osonglogno, patito alcoholer protik hoye utheche. 14shha shotabdite modhyoprachyo judey paton gyaner bistarer karone etty mulat ghote. protiti desh ekoi shobder bivinno lattin bornomala byabohar korey nijaswa alcoholer namkaran korechilo jaa seii somoye paton korar somarthok chhilo ("arak, arak, araki, ariki, arak, arak, arak, rucky, rack, rack, rack, rack"). 1864 saaler ingrezi oo australian rannar boite arakke "purbo bharoter ekti adhyattik modd" hisabe bornona koraa hoyeche. eyi shobdoti, baa err durniti, rack, purber jey konao adhyattik moder khettre prayog koraa hoy. asol arecti narkel fuler ganjano ross "toddy" theke patito koraa hoy boley jaanaa yaay. tobey, etty prayashai chaal ebong chinny theke patito hoy, cocoa-badamer ross diye ganjano hoy." bivinno deshe arac. bharat. 1996 saale kerala rajye arak ebong 2007 saaler 1 julai kornatok rajye nishiddho koraa hoy. indoneshiya (batavia-arac). indoneshiyar modhyei, "arak" shobdoti ekhono arakke bornona korte byapokbhabe byabohrito hoy. arak (baa chaaler wine) ouponibeshik juge ekti janapriya madyap panian chhilo. etike indoneshiyar "romm" hisabe bibechona koraa hoy kaaron, romer moto, etty aakh theke patito hoy. etty ekti paton patro jaa ekhono paton koraa hoy. ganjan shuru korar jonno, sthaniya ganjan koraa laal chaal sthaniya khamirer saathe milit koraa hoy jaate patontir ekti ananya swad ebong gondho pawa yaay. etty pray patito hoy. 70 shotangsho abv. romer moto, batavia-arek prayashai bivinno mool perceler mishran. indoneshiyar dirghotomo protisthito arac kompanigulir modhye ekti holl batavia arak company (dutch "batavia-arak matschappiz"), jaa 1872 saaler modhye itimadhye byabosai chhilo, 1901 saale ekti seemit dayabaddhatar sangosthai porinoto hoyechilo ebong 1950-err doshoker godar dike ekhono kaaj korchilo. batavia arak company netherlandsey arak roptani koroto ebong amsterdame taar ekti offices chhilo. batavia arak company dwara utpadito kichhu arak branned chhilo cadebluty (purano jakartar bandengan (kampung baru) elaka utpadito) ebong ogl. ekhono uttor europe ebong dakkhin asia sadharonbhabe pawa yaay, batavia-arek markin juktorashtre khunje pawa kathin hotey paare. "batavia-arac vyana usten" ekti samprotik upolobdho branned. batavia-arekke bolla hoy, jokhon anyanno ponno jemon pastry (jemon finish runeberg tort baa dressner stollen), baa mishtanno ebong swad shilpe ekti upadan hisabe byabohar koraa hoy, tokhon swad briddhi korey. etty bheshoj ebong tikto moder modd ebong alkoholojukto ghushi (jemon punch, regent punch, rayyal punch ebong black tii-porta milk punch)-err upadan hisabe byabohrito hoy. ponche err byabohar prothom diker american bartender jerry thomas dwara ullekh koraa hoyechiloh "eyi deshe amdani koraa beshirbhag arek chaal theke patito hoy ebong batavia theke aase. swadjukto ghushi chhada america etty khub komoi byabohrito hoy; eyi mishrane err swad khub pochondosoi. boyoser sange sange ayaraker onek unnoti hoy. etty bharoter kichhu ongshe prachur byabohrito hoy, jekhane etty narkel gacher ross theke patito hoy. indoneshiya, prayashai chaander alo hisabe arac toiri koraa hoy. methanol vishakriya. indoneshiyar arak-ayee methanol royeche jaa methanoler bishaktota theke sthaniya ebong porjotokder ubhoy mrityur kaaron hoye dandiyeche. balir somaje arak samajik oo sangoskritikbhabe guruttopurno bhumika palon korey, jekhane etty prayashai joley mishrito koraa hoy, bondhuder saathe bhag koraa hoy baa dharmiya anusthaner somoy alpo porimane paan koraa hoy. tobey, porjotoner briddhi, sosta moder prayojaniyata ebong modd amdani corr oo probidhan briddhir saathe saathe, barey onek mishra paniyer jonno arak pochonder chetna hoye othe. arak utpadon ebong janapriyata briddhir saathe saathe methanol vishakriyay arow mrityur khobor pawa geche. arak sadharonoto niyantran chharai kalobazare bikri hoy, jekhane arakke shaktishali korte kokhono kokhono methanol jog koraa hoy. phillipine. philipino shobdoti sadharonoto patito ebong aaa-patito madyap paniyagulir jonno "alak", jaa arbi shobdo "arak" theke udbhuto. jodio, "arak" shobdoti ilokanote biseshbhabe byabohrito hoy. eguli taaler ross (biseshoto narkel, nipa taal baa kaong taal), aakh baa chaal theke udbhuto hotey paare. oitijjogotobhabe patito sthaniya alcoholer modhye royeche lambanog ebong laxoy, jaa taaler fuler ross theke toiri koraa hoy. rostee rabar tappingyer moto bansher patrogulite kaata hoy, tarpore ranna koraa hoy baa ganjano hoy "tub" naame ekti halka-alkoholojukto narkel toddy toiri korar jonno. tuba", jaa nijei ekti janapriya panian, lambanog (baa laxoy, jodi nipa paamer ross theke toiri hoy) utpadoner jonno arow patito koraa hoy. italiya abhijatri antonio pigafeta bolechen jey 1521 saale palawan ebong nikatbarti dweepgulite tini jey arek paan korechilen taa patito chaaler wine theke toiri koraa hoyechilo. tobey, tini sombhoboto "pangasi"-rawr kotha ullekh korchilen, jaa ekti chaaler wine jaa paton koraa hoy naa. srilanka (sealon-arac). srilanka narkeler brihottomo utpadok ebong 1992 saal porjonto sarkar err utpadone guruttopurno bhumika palon korechilo. joll chhada, somogro utpadon prokriyati ekti ekok upadaner ganjan ebong patonke ghire ghore, ekti narkel taal ("cocos nusifera") theke khola naa haoya fuler ross. protidin sokale, toddy tapper naame porichito purushra sangjukto dadi byabohar korey narkel gacher shirshe chalachal korey, titroper moto noy. ekti gaachh protidin dui litter porjonto abodan rakhte paare. err ghono chinny ebong khamirer porimaner karone, dhora padaa torol prakritikbhabe ebong abilambe "toddy", "tuac" baa majhe majhe "paam wine" naame ekti halka alkoholojukto paniyate porinoto hoy. sangraher koyek ghantar modhye, toditi borh kaather bhyatgulite ddhele deoa hoy, jaake "wash byaka" bolla hoy, jaa segun baa beria cordifolier kaatth theke toiri koraa hoy. prakritik ganjan prokriyati washbacke cholte deoa hoy jotokkhon naa alcoholer poriman 5-7%-ayee pouchai ebong patoner jonno prostuto boley money hoy. paton sadharonoto ekti dui-dhaper prokriya jaar modhye hoy pott still, abichchinno still baa ubhoyer sangmishran jorito. prothom dhaper falaswarup "qama wine", 20 theke 40 shotangsher modhye alcoholer poriman soho ekti torol. dwitiya dhaper foley 60 theke 90 shotangsho alcoholer poriman soho chudanta paton hoy. etty sadharonoto volume (abv) baa 66 theke 100 proman dwara 33 shotangsho theke 50 shotangsho alcohole patla koraa hoy. puro paton prokriyati 24 ghantar modhye shesh hoy. narkeler bivinno mishran prokriyakoroner somoy alada hoye yaay, tobuo nishkashito spiritti kancha, barbar patito baa filter koraa baa swad, rongo ebong sugandher prayojaniyatar upor nirbhar korey 15 bochor porjonto poripoko howar jonno abar halmila bhyatgulite sthanantorito koraa jete paare. ayaraker premium mishranguli onno konao upadan jog korey naa, onnodike sosta ebong sadharan mishranguli botaljat korar agey niropekkho spiriter saathe mishrito koraa hoy. beshirbhag manush swadtike sadrishyopurno boley bornona corren...huiski ebong ramer modhye ekti mishran, "ekoi somoye ekoi, kintu swatantrabhabe vinno. narkeler arek oitijjogotobhabe nize baa srilankar janapriya soda aadaa biarer saathe khaoa hoy. etty romm baa huiskir prayojaniya ongsher bikalpa hisabe koktelgulite mishrito koraa jete paare. prayashai cola, soda joll ebong lebur roser moto janapriya mixergulir saathe arekke ekotrito koraa hoy. utpadoner prokar. srilankai alcohol ebong drugg tothyo kendrer 2008 saaler protibedon anujayi, ayaraker prokarguli holoh projojok. srilankar brihottomo utpadonkarira, jaaraa taader 2007 saaler barshik arac utpadoner vittite talikabhukto, taaraa holoh srilankar narkel ayaraker ekti branned sealon arac samprati 2010 saale juktorajye chaalu koraa hoyechilo. etty france ebong germanyteo pawa yaay. saadaa singho vsoa shighroi markin bajare probesh korey. seenta helena. oitihasikbhabe seenta helena dweepe alu theke patito ekti sadharan panian chhilo arac. etty sombhoboto east india companyr probhaber karone, jaa seenta helenake niyantran koroto ebong etike bharat oo englander modhye ekti modhyoborti bindu hisabe byabohar koroto. suiden oo finland. suiden ebong finlande, oitihasikbhabe batavia-arekke anyanno upadaner saathe mishrito koraa hoyeche jaate suidish punch (ekhon prepack koraa bottle pawa yaay) toiri koraa yaay. alcoholer poriman sadharonoto 25 shotangsher beshi hoy naa, jodio etey chinir poriman pray 30 shotangsho beshi thaake. mool recipity chhilo joll, chinny, lebu ebong chaa ebong/athoba moshla (prodhanoto jaifal) err saathe areker mishran. aaz holud bivokto motorer syuper saathe ekti sangi hisabe ushnobhabe paan koraa hoy, baa coffey soho raater khabarer porey panian hisabe thhanda koraa hoy (biseshoto chhatro deshgulite naishabhojer somoy). etty bivinno dharaner pastry ebong mishtiteo swad hisabe byabohrito hoy. arak namti ekhono kichhu pastry jonno dhorey rakha hoyeche, udahoronsorup "araksbole", jekhane "panchsrul"-err moto jiniser jonno punch byabohar koraa hoy. finlande, arek (baa romm) sadharonoto finish oitijjobahi pastry, runeberg tort toirir onnotomo upadan hisabe kaaj korey. byutpatti. shobdoti arbi shobdo "arak" (arok, "arak") theke udbhuto, jaar ortho "paton". purbo bhumadhyasagare, "arak" shobdoti sadharonoto angur theke patito ebong anniz diye swadjukto moder jonno byabohrito hoy. araker biporite, kichhu biseshogger motey, arak shobdoti "arak nutt" theke udbhuto hoyeche, jaa bharte arak gaachh theke udbhuto ekti taaler beej ebong bivinno dharaner araker vitti hisabe byabohrito hoy. 1838 saale, moder itihas niye samuel morouder kaaj prokashito hoy. araker bishoye tini bolenoh

araak errek aee aek nisyandit alcoholic pinun chhe jeey saamanya reete bhaarat, shrilanka aneey dakshinpurv aeshiyaamaa utpann thaay chhe, jeey naliyerna phoolo athavaa sherdinaa aatho laavela rasmathi aneey anaaj (daa. taa.jee. laal chokha) athavaa mool deshnaa aadhare fala. tene ketalikvaar arak lakhvaamaa aave chhe, athavaa fakt 'reqa athavaa' reqa tareeke odakhvaamaa aave chhe. tene arak athavaa arak tareeke odakhaati eniz-swadwali nisyandit bhaavnaa saathe bhelsel naa karvee joiae. bhaaratnaa ghanaa bhagoma aeraakne bolchaalnee bhashama "deshee daaru" tareeke odakhvaamaa aave chhe. aereknee beey praathmeek shaileeo chhe jeey aekbeejathi khoob jaj alag chheh "batavia erek" ghanivaar rangmaa spasht hoya chhe parantu temaa swaadnee ruprekha darqa rumm jevee jaj hoya chhe, jemaa aatho laavela laal chokhamathi tene vishisht "funk" athavaa "hoog" aapvama aave chhe. "tenaathi vipareet, "cellon erek" vadhu shuddh aneey sookshm bhaavnaa chhe. temaa cognac aneey rumm paatrana sanketo aneey najuk phooloni nondhoni sampatti chhe. banne shaileeo sthaaneek nagriko dwara "ina house" pann banavvama aave chhe aneey temnee prastutimaa chandraprakash jevee jaj hoi shake chhe. itihas. strebo ahewal aape chhe keey bhartiyoae chokhamathi aek pinun banaavyu hatoo jene arak tareeke odakhvaamaa aave chhe. errek tamaam "navee dunia" naa aatmaothi pahelaano chhe, kaaran keey teey aguardiente (jeey badalaama, rumm, rumm agricol aneey ronano pitru hato) noow pitru chhe. genoise vepaarioae aaa aatmaane kenarii tapuoma temnaa sherdinaa utpadanni aadpedash tareeke banaavi hatee. khaand banaavvaa upraant, teo temnee vadhati jatee graahakoni yaadee maate aayaat karvaane badale aereknu utpaadan kartaa hataa. anya praarambhik airrackne kaakadi aneey panimathi nisyandit karvaamaa aavtu hatoo, jemaa laal chokhaani sookie qeqa aneey vanaspatishastrano upyog karvaamaa aavto hato jemaa aatho laavvaani prakriyaane veeyg aapvaa maate yeast aneey anya phoog hoya chhe (aaa takneek hajaaro varsho pahelaa cheenma shodhee shakaay chhe aneey nisyandanna janmani pahelani pann chhe). bharatma isvision purve 800maan tenu nisyandan karvaamaa aavyu hovaano pann daavo karvaamaa aave chhe, parantu jyaare aaa samaygalani aaspaas paam wine aneey aatho laavela sherdinaa pinaan banavvama aavtaa hataa tyaare badhaa aevu maantaa nathee keey aupcharik nisyandan thaee rahyu hatoo. aesheeyani bahaar, bhaartiy alcoholic panchnaa prasaarmaa spirit aek saamanya ghatak hatoo, aneey teey khaas kareene holland aneey sweedenma lokpreey hatoo. teey khandeey yuu. aesa. maan, navaa sweeden aneey navaa netherlandnee vasahatoma vaparaati pratham nisyandit aatma hatee, parantu havey teey mote bhaage vadhu saamanya aneey samaan jodniwala eniz-swadvala spirit arak saathe munjhavanma chhe. chokkas mulne dhyanma leedha vinaa, eraak aesheeya aneey purveey bhumadhya pradeshmaa utpaadit motaa bhaage asambandhit, nisyandit aalkoholna jaththaanu prateek bunny gayoo chhe. aaa mukhyatve 14mee sadee darmiyan samagr madhya purvamaa nisyandan gnyanna prasaarne kaarane chhe. darek deshe aek jaj shabdnaa viveedh lattin mulakshar swarupono upyog kareene tenaa potaana aalkoholnu naam aapyu hatoo, jeey teey samaye nisyandanno paryaay hato ("arak, arak, arkee, arkee, arak, arak, rakee, rakee, rakee, rack, rack"). 1864maan angreji aneey australian rasoi pustakma aeraakne "purv bharatmathi aek aadhyatmik daaru" tareeke varnavama aavyo hato. aaa shabd, athavaa teno bhrashtachar, reqa, purvamaa koipan aadhyatmik daarune laagu padey chhe. saachu erek "todee" maanthi nisyandit hovaanu kahevaay chhe, jeey naliyerna phoolno aatho laavelo rus chhe. joke, tene vaaramvaar chokha aneey khandmathi nisyandit karvaamaa aave chhe, jemaa koko-badaamno rus aatho lavvama aave chhe." viveedh deshomaa araak. bhaarat. 1996maan keralmaan aneey 1 julai 2007naa roj karnatakma eraak parr pratibandh mukvaamaa aavyo hato. indoneshiya (batavia-erek). indoneshiyama jaj, "arak" shabdno upyog haju pann aeraaknu varnan karvaa maate vyaapakpane thaay chhe. arak (athavaa chokhano daaru) vasaahati yug darmiyan lokpreey alcoholic pinun hatoo. tene indoneshiyani "rumm" manvama aave chhe kaaran keey, ramnee jaim, teey sheradimathi nisyandit thaay chhe. teey haju pann nisyandanno vaasan chhe. aatho laavvaanu sharoo karvaa maate, sthaaneek aatho laavela laal chokhaane sthaaneek khameer saathe jodvama aave chhe jethee nisyandanno anokho swaad aneey gandh maley. teey aashre nisyandit thaay chhe. 70 takaa abv. ramnee jaim, batavia-erek ghanivaar viveedh mool parcelnu mishran hoya chhe. indoneshiyama sauthee laambi sthaapit erek companyomani aek chhe batavia araak kampani (dutch "batavia-aaraak matschapij"), jeey 1872 sudhimaa pahelethee jaj vyavsayma hatee, 1901maan maryadit javabdari kampani bunny hatee aneey haju pann 1950naa daaykaani sharuaatmaa kaaryarat hatee. batavia araak kampaniae netherlandma pann eraaknee nikas curry hatee aneey amsterdam tenee offices hatee. batavia arak kampani dwara utpaadit ketalik erek brands cadabluty (junaa jakartana bendengan (kempung baaru) vistaarmaa utpaadit) aneey ogal hatee. haju pann saamanya reete uttar europe aneey dakshin aeshiyaamaa uplabdh, batavia-erek united statesma shodhvaanu mushkel hoi shake chhe. "batavia-errek veena osten" aee taajetarma uplabdh brand chhe. jyaare anya utpadanoma, jaim keey pastry (jaim keey finish runeberg tort athavaa dresder stollen), athavaa meethai aneey swaad udhogoma ghatak tareeke upyog karvaamaa aave tyaare batavia-erek swaadma vadhaaro karey chhe. teno upyog herble aneey kadvaa daarumaa thaay chhe, aneey alcoholic punch (jaim keey punch, kaarbhaari punch, shaahee punch aneey black tii-porta dudh punch) maan aek ghatak tareeke thaay chhe. panchmaa teno upyog praarambhik american bartender jairie thomas dwara nondhvaamaa aavyo hatoh "aaa deshmaa aayaat karvaamaa aavtee motabhagni erek chokhamathi nisyandit karvaamaa aave chhe, aneey bataviyamathi aave chhe. swaad punch sivaay americama teno upyog bahoo ochho thaay chhe; aaa mishranma teno swaad khoob jaj anookool chhe. ummar saathe airrackma ghano sudhaaro thaay chhe. teno upyog bhaaratnaa ketlaak bhagoma thaay chhe, jyaan tene naliyerna zaadnaa rasmathi nisyandit karvaamaa aave chhe. indoneshiyama, eraak ghanivaar chandraprakashna aek swaroop tareeke banavvama aave chhe. methanol zer. methanol dharaavtaa indonesian arke meethenolnaa zerikaranthi sthaaneek aneey pravasi bannena mrutyunu kaaran banyu chhe. arak baalinaa samajma saamaajik aneey saanskrutik reete mahatvapurn bhoomika bhajve chhe, jyaan tene ghanivaar paanithi paatalu karvaamaa aave chhe, mitro saathe vahenchvaamaa aave chhe athavaa dhaarmik samarambho darmiyan thodee matrama pivama aave chhe. jooe keey, pravasanni vrudhdhi, sastaa daaruni jaruriyaat aneey daarunaa aayaat qara aneey niyamomaa vadhaaro saathe, arak baarmaa ghanaa mishra pinaan maate pasandagini bhaavnaa bunny gaee. arak utpaadan aneey lokpreeytama vrudhdhi saathe, meethenolnaa zerthi vadhu mrutyu nondhaya hataa. arak saamanya reete kaalaa bajaarmaa niyaman vinaa vechaay chhe, jyaan arakne majboot banaavvaa maate ketalikvaar methanol umervaamaa aave chhe. phillipines. saamanya reete nisyandit aneey biin-nisyandit alcoholic pinaan maateno philipino shabd "alaak" chhe, jeey arabi shabd "araak" parthee utaree aavyo chhe. joke, "arak" shabdno upyog khaas kareene ilokanoma thaay chhe. teo paam rus (khaas kareene naaliyer, nipa paam athavaa kaong paam), sherdi athavaa chokhamathi melvee shakaay chhe. paramparagat reete nisyandit karvaamaa aavtaa mool alcoholma lambanog aneey lexoyno samaavesh thaay chhe, jeey paamnaa foolonaa rasmathi banavvama aave chhe. aaa rasne rabarnaa tapnee jaim vaansnaa patroma lanvaamaa aave chhe, pachhi "tub" tareeke odakhaati hadvee alcoholic naliyerni todee banaavvaa maate randhvama aave chhe athavaa aatho lavvama aave chhe. tuba", jeey pote pann aek lokpreey pinun chhe, tene lambanog (athavaa lexoy, jooe nipa paamnaa rasmathi banavvama aave too) noon utpaadan karvaa maate vadhu nisyandit karvaamaa aave chhe. italian sanshodhak, antonio pigafeta janaavyu hatoo keey 1521maan temane palaavan aneey najiknaa tapuoma jeey teer pidhu hatoo teey nisyandit chokhana winemathi banavvama aavyu hatoo. jooe keey, teo sambhavatah "pangasi" noow ullekh curry rahyaa hataa, jeey chokhano wine chhe jeey nisyandit nathee. shrilanka (cellon-erek). shrilanka naliyerna shananu sauthee motoo utpaadak chhe aneey 1992 sudhee sarkaare tenaa utpadanma nondhpaatra bhoomika bhajvi hatee. paanee sivaay, samagr utpaadan prakriyaa aek jaj ghataknaa aatho laavvaa aneey nisyandanni aaspaas farey chhe, jeey naaliyer paam ("cocos nucifera") maanthi naa kholela foolono rus chhe. darroj savaare, todee tapper tareeke odakhaata purusho naliyerna vrukshoni toach parr jodata dordaano upyog kareene fartaa hoya chhe, jeey chust dordaothi vipareet nathee. aek vruksh darroj beey litter jetalu yogdaan aapee shake chhe. tenee saandra khaand aneey khameerni saamgreene kaarane, kabaje karelu pravaahi koodarti reete aneey tarat jaj "todee", "tuac" athavaa kyarek kyarek "paam wine" naamnaa hadvaa alcoholic pinama aatho aave chhe. sangrahnaa thodaa kalaakoni andar, taddine motaa lakadana vasanoma redvaamaa aave chhe, jene "vosha beeka" kahevaay chhe, jeey saag athavaa beriyaa cordifoliana lakadamathi banavvama aave chhe. koodarti aatho laavvaani prakriyaane dhovani jagyae tyaan sudhee chaalu rakhvani manjuri aapvama aave chhe jyaan sudhee alcoholni maatraa 5-7% sudhee naa pahonche aneey nisyandan maate taiyar naa hovaanu manvama aave. nisyandan aee saamanya reete beey-pagalaanni prakriyaa chhe jemaa pooat still, satat still athavaa bannenu sanyojan saamel hoya chhe. pratham pagalu "loow wine" maan pariname chhe, jeey 20 thee 40 takaa vachche aalkoholnu pramaan dharaavtu pravaahi chhe. beeja paglaamaa 60 thee 90 takaana alcoholni samagri saathe anteem nisyandan thaay chhe. teey saamanya reete volume (abv) athavaa 66 thee 100 proof dwara 33 takaathi 50 takaa alcoholma paatalu karvaamaa aave chhe. sampoorn nisyandan prakriyaa 24 kalaaknee andar purn thaay chhe. naliyerna teernaa viveedh mishran prakriyaamaa alag padey chhe, tema chhataa kadhvama aaveli spiritne kaacha, vaaramvaar nisyandit athavaa filter kareene pann vechee shakaay chhe, athavaa swaad, rung aneey sugandhni jaruriyaatone aadhare 15 varsh sudhee paripakva thavaa maate fareethi halmila votamaa sthaanaantarit curry shakaay chhe. aereknaa premium mishranma anya koee ghatako umerata nathee, jyaare sastaa aneey saamanya mishranne bottlema mukataa pahelaa tatasth spirit saathe mishreet karvaamaa aave chhe. motabhagna loko swaadne saamyata tareeke varnave chhe...whisky aneey rumm vachchenu mishran, "samaan, parantu aek jaj samaye alag chhe. nariyelni sungadhi patti paramparagat reete pote athavaa shrilankama lokpreey sodaa aadu bear saathe khavama aave chhe. teey rumm athavaa whiskina jaroori bhagona vikalp tareeke kokatelmaa pann mishreet thaee shake chhe. airrackne ghanivaar qolaa, sodaa paanee aneey chunonaa rus jevaa lokpreey mishran saathe jodvama aave chhe. utpadanna prakaaro. alcohole anned drugg infirmation centernaa 2008naa ahewal anusaar, shrilankama alcohole parr, aereknaa prakaaro chheh utpaadako. shrilankaanaa sauthee motaa utpaadako, temnaa 2007naa aereknaa vaarshik utpadanna aadhare krammaa soochibaddh chheh shrilankaanaa naliyerna aereknee brand cellon aerekne taajetarma 2010maan yukemaa lonch karvaamaa aavee hatee. teey france aneey germanyma pann uplabdh chhe. safed sinh vee. aesa. oo. aee. toonk samayma american bajaarmaa pravesh karyo. saint helenaa. aitihasik reete saint helenaa taapu parr errek aek saamanya pinun rahyu chhe, jeey batatamathi nisyandit karvaamaa aave chhe. aaa sambhavatah ist india companyna prabhaavne kaarane chhe, jene saint helenaane niyantrit karyoo hatoo aneey teno upyog bhaarat aneey ingland vachchena adadhaa maarg tareeke karyo hato. sweeden aneey finland. sweeden aneey finlandma, aitihasik reete betavia-aerekne anya ghatako saathe mishreet karvaamaa aavyu chhe jethee swedish punch (havey taiyar karelee bottlema uplabdh) banaavi shakaay. aalkoholnu pramaan saamanya reete 25 takaathi vadhu nathee, jooe keey temaa lagbhag 30 takaa jetalu uchch khaandnu pramaan hoya chhe. mool vaangee paanee, khaand, limbu aneey chaa aneey/athavaa masala (mukhyatve jayfal) saathe aereknu mishran hatoo. aaje pilaa vibhajit vatanana soopnee saathe pansane garam pivama aave chhe, athavaa kofee saathe ratribhojan pachhinaa pinun tareeke thandu karvaamaa aave chhe (khaas kareene vidhyarthi rashtroma ratribhojanni partyo darmiyan). teno upyog viveedh prakaarnee pastry aneey mithaioma swaad tareeke pann thaay chhe. ketlaak pastrio maate arak naam haju pann jaalvi rakhvama aavyu chhe, udaaharan tareeke "arruxball", jyaare punchno upyog "panchrul" jevee vastuo maate thaay chhe. finlandma, erek (athavaa rumm) saamanya reete finish paramparagat pastry, runberg tortsmanthi aek banaavvaa maatena ghatakomana aek tareeke kaama karey chhe. vyutpatti. aaa shabd arabi shabd "arak" (arak, "arak") parthee aavyo chhe, jeno arth thaay chhe "nisyandit". purveey bhumadhya pradeshmaa, "arak" shabdno upyog saamanya reete drakshmathi nisyandit aneey aeneesthi swadvala daaru maate thaay chhe. arakthee vipareet, ketlaak nishnato dwara arak shabd "arak nutt" parthee aavyo hovaanu manvama aave chhe, jeey bharatma arkaanaa vrukshmathi udbhavtaa paam beej chhe aneey teno upyog araknee ghanee jaato maate aadhaar tareeke thaay chhe. 1838maan, daarunaa itihas parr semuel morwoodnu kaary prakashit thayu hatoo. eraaknaa vishhay parr, temane kahyunh

araik arrak ack aasut maadak peya haye joe aamtaur parr bhaarat, srilanka aur dakshin poorv asia mein utpaadit hotaa haye, joe narial key foolon yaa ganne key kinvit russ seey banaaya jaataa haye, aur anaaj (jaise.jee. laal chawal) yaa phal mool desh key aadhar parr. ise kabhi-kabhi arak likhaa jaataa haye, yaa buss 'rack yaa' rack key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye. ise arak yaa arak naamak annice-swaad vaali aasut aatma key saath bhramit naheen kiya jaanaa chaahiye. bhaarat key kaee hisson mein arak koo bolchal kii bhasha mein "desi daaroo" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. araik kii dou praathamik shailiyaan hain joe ack dusare seey bahut alag hainh "batavia araik" aksar rung mein spasht hotaa haye lekin iska swaad gahara rumm key samaan hotaa haye, jisamen ack vishisht "funk" yaa "hogo" kinvit laal chawal seey diyaa jaataa haye. "sealon airak", isake vipareet, ack adhik parishkrit aur sookshm aatma haye. isamen cogneck aur rumm charitra key sanket hain aur isamen najuk pushp noton kaa khajaana haye. donon shailiyon koo sthaaniya nagrikon dwara "ghar mein" bhee banaaya jaataa haye aur unaki prastuti mein chandrama key samaan hoe sakata haye. itihas. strabo kii report key anusaar bhaartiyon ney chawal seey ack peya banaaya jise arak key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. araik sabhi "naee duniya" aatmaon seey pahale kii baat haye, kyonki yeh aguardient (joe badale mein, rumm, room agricol aur rone kaa mool thaa) kaa mool haye. genois vyapariyon ney cannery dweepon mein apane ganna utpaadan key upa-utpaad key roop mein aatma koo banaaya. cheeni banaane key alawa, unhone apane grahakon kii badhati soochi key liye ise ayaat karane key bajaay araik kaa utpaadan kiya. anya praarambhik araik koo sheera aur paani seey aasut kiya gayaa thaa, laal chawal aur vanaspati key sookhe cake kaa upayog karke jisamen khameer aur anya kavak hotey hain, kinwan prakriya koo trigger karane key liye (iss takneek kaa pataa hajaaron varshon pahale chean mein lagaaya jaa sakata haye aur yahaan taka kii aasavan key janm seey pahale bhee). yeh bhee daavaa kiya jaataa haye kii bhaarat mein 800 eesaa poorv mein aasavan kiya gayaa thaa, lekin iss samay key aspas taad kii sharaab aur kinvit ganna peya banaae jaa rahey they, lekin sabhi kaa maanana haye kii aupchaarik aasavan naheen hoe rhaa thaa. asia key baahar, bhaaratiya maadak mukka key prasaar mein aatma ack aam ghatak thaa, aur vishesh roop seey holland aur sweeden mein lokpriya thaa. yeh mahadvipiya america mein, nae sweeden aur nae neetherland key upaniveshon mein khapat honey vaali pahali aasut aatma thee, lekin abb jyaadaatar adhik samanya aur isi tarah kii vartani vaale annice-swaad vaale aatma arak key saath bhramit haye. sateek utpatti kii parwah kiye binaa, eraik poore asia aur purvi bhoomadhyasagariya kshetra mein utpaadit badey paimaane parr asambandhit, aasut alcohol kii ack bheed kaa prateek bunn gayaa haye. yeh kaafee hudd taka 14veen shatabdi key dauran madhya poorv mein aasavan gyaan key prasaar key kaaran haye. pratyek desh ney usee shabd key vibhinn lattin varnamala roopon kaa upayog karke apane swayam key sharaab kaa naam rakhaa joe usa samay aasavan kaa paryaay thaa ("arak, arak, arki, ariki, arak, arak, rack, rack, rack, rack, rack"). 1864 mein angreji aur australiyai paak kalaa kii pustak mein araik koo "purvi bhaartiyon kii ack aadhyatmik sharaab" key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa thaa. yeh shabd, yaa iska bhrashtachar, rack, poorv mein kissy bhee aadhyatmik sharaab parr lagu hotaa haye. kahaa jaataa haye kii asli araik koo narial key phool key kinvit russ "todi" seey aasut kiya jaataa haye. haalaanki, ise aksar chawal aur cheeni seey aasut kiya jaataa haye, jise koko-nutt key russ key saath kinvit kiya jaataa haye." vibhinn deshon mein araik. bhaarat. 1996 mein keral raajyon mein arrak parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa, aur 1 julaai 2007 koo karnatak parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa gayaa thaa. indoneshiya (batavia-araik). indoneshiya key bheetar, "arak" shabd kaa upayog abhee bhee vyaapak roop seey arak kaa varnan karane key liye kiya jaataa haye. arak (yaa chawal kii sharaab) aupaniveshik yug key dauran ack lokpriya maadak peya thaa. ise indoneshiya kaa "rumm" maanaa jaataa haye kyonki rumm kii tarah, ise ganne seey aasut kiya jaataa haye. yeh abhee bhee aasavan kaa ack bartan haye. kinwan shuru karane key liye, sthaaniya kinvit laal chawal koo sthaaniya khameer key saath jodaa jaataa haye taaki aasavan kaa ack anootha swaad aur gandh mill sakey. yeh lagbhag aasut kiya jaataa haye. 70 pratishat abv. rumm kii tarah, batavia-araik aksar vibhinn mool parcel kaa mishran hotaa haye. indoneshiya mein sabse lambe samay taka sthaapit araik companiyon mein seey ack batavia araak company (dutch "batavia-aaraak motschuppies") haye, joe 1872 taka pahale seey hii vyavasaay mein thee, 1901 mein ack seemit deyata company bunn gaee, aur abhee bhee 1950 key dashak kii shuruat mein kaam curr rahee thee. batavia arak company ney neetherland koo ack rack kaa niryaat bhee kiya aur amsterdam mein iska ack karyalaya thaa. batavia arak company dwara utpaadit kuchh arak brand cadebluty (puraane jakarta key bandengan (kampung baaroo) kshetra mein utpaadit) aur ogl they. abhee bhee uttari europe aur dakshini asia mein aam taur parr upalabdh, batavia-araik sanyukt raajya mein dhoondhana mushkil hoe sakata haye. "baitaviya-airak vaine oosten" haal hii mein upalabdh brand haye. kahaa jaataa haye kii baitaviya-airak kaa swaad taba badhata haye jaba anya utpaadon mein ack ghatak key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa haye, jaise kii pastery (jaise finish runeberg tort yaa dresder stollen), yaa mithaaiyaan aur swaad udyogon mein. iska upayog jadee-bootiyon aur kadve sharaab mein kiya jaataa haye, aur maadak ghoonse (jaise kii punch, regent punch, shaahi punch, aur kaali chaay-bandargah doodh punch) mein ack ghatak key roop mein kiya jaataa haye. punch mein isake upayog koo praarambhik americi bartender jairi thomas dwara nott kiya gayaa thaah "iss desh mein aayatit adhikansh teer chawal seey aasut kiya jaataa haye, aur batavia seey aataa haye. swaad punch koo chhodkar america mein iska upayog bahut cumm kiya jaataa haye; iss mishran mein iska swaad bahut hii anukool haye. umr key saath araik mein bahut sudhaar hotaa haye. iska upayog bhaarat key kuchh hisson mein kiya jaataa haye, jahan ise narial key pedh key russ seey aasut kiya jaataa haye. indoneshiya mein, araik koo aksar chandrama key roop mein banaaya jaataa haye. methanol vishaaktata. methanol yukt indoneshiyai arak methanol vishaaktata seey sthaaniya aur paryatak donon kii maut kaa kaaran banaa haye. arak baali key samaaj mein samajik aur saanskritik roop seey mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhaata haye, jahan ise aksar paani key saath patala kiya jaataa haye, doston key saath saajha kiya jaataa haye, yaa dhaarmik samarohon key dauran cumm matra mein peeya jaataa haye. haalaanki, paryatan key vikas key saath, sastee sharaab kii aavashyakta, aur sharaab ayaat karon aur niyamon mein vriddhi, arak baar mein kaee mishrit peya padarthon key liye pasand kii bhavna bunn gaee. arak utpaadan aur lokpriyata mein vriddhi key saath, methanol vishaaktata seey adhik mautein darj kii gaeen. arak koo aamtaur parr binaa kissy viniyaman key kaale bajar mein becha jaataa haye, jahaan kabhi-kabhi arak koo majboot banaane key liye methanol jodaa jaataa haye. phillippeans. aam taur parr aasut aur binaa sharaab key peya key liye ack philipino shabd "alaak" haye, joe arabi shabd "Âarak" seey liya gayaa haye. halanki, "arak" shabd kaa upayog vishesh roop seey ilocano mein kiya jaataa haye. way taad key russ (vishesh roop seey narial, nip paam, yaa kaong paam), ganna, yaa chawal seey praapt kiye jaa sakate hain. paaramparik roop seey aasut kii jaane vaali deshi sharaab mein lambanog aur luxoy shamil hain, joe taad key foolon key russ seey baney hotey hain. russ koo rubber tapping key samaan baans key paatron mein kaataa jaataa haye, phir "tub" naamak halke-alcohol vaale narial key todi kaa utpaadan karane key liye pakaaya yaa kinvit kiya jaataa haye. tuba", joe apane aap mein ack lokpriya peya bhee haye, koo aage lambanog (yaa laxo, yadi nip paam russ seey banaaya jaataa haye) kaa utpaadan karane key liye aasut kiya jaataa haye. italvi khojkarta, antonio pigafeta ney kahaa kii 1521 mein palaavan aur paas key dweepon mein unhone joe rassak piyaa thaa, vaha aasut chawal kii sharaab seey banaaya gayaa thaa. haalaanki, vaha sambhavatah "pangasi" kaa ullekh curr rahey they, ack chawal kii sharaab joe aasut naheen haye. srilanka (sealon-araik). srilanka narial key araik kaa sabse badaa utpaadak haye aur 1992 taka sarkaar ney isake utpaadan mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai. paani key alawa, poori nirmaan prakriya ack ekal ghatak key kinwan aur aasavan key ird-gird ghoomati haye, narial taad ("cocos nucifera") seey binaa khole foolon kaa russ. harr subah subah, todi tappers key roop mein jaane jaane vaale purush narial key pedon key sheershon key beach judane vaali rassiyon kaa upayog karate hain, joe tanga jharanon key vipareet naheen hain. ack pedh prati dinn dou leater taka kaa yogdan curr sakata haye. apani kendrit cheeni aur khameer kii matra key kaaran, praakritik roop seey pakada gayaa taral aur turant "todi", "tuak", yaa kabhi-kabhi "paam wine" naamak ack halke maadak peya mein kinvit hoe jaataa haye. sangrah key kuchh ghanton key bheetar, tuddy koo badey lakadi key baton mein daala jaataa haye, jise "wash back" kahaa jaataa haye, joe sagaun yaa berry cordifolia kii lakadi seey banaaya jaataa haye. praakritik kinwan prakriya koo taba taka jaari rakhane kii anumati haye jaba taka kii sharaab kii matra 5-7% taka naheen pahunch jaati haye aur aasavan key liye taiyar naheen maani jaati haye. aasavan aam taur parr dou-charaniya prakriya haye jisamen yaa tou pott still, nirantar still yaa donon kaa sanyojan shamil hotaa haye. pahale charan key parinamswarup "cumm sharaab", 20 aur 40 pratishat key beach sharaab kii matra vaalaa ack taral padaarth. dusare charan key parinamswarup antim aasavan mein 60 seey 90 pratishat kii sharaab kii matra hoti haye. yeh aam taur parr matra (abv) yaa 66 seey 100 pramaan dwara 33 pratishat aur 50 pratishat alcohol key beach patala kiya jaataa haye. poori aasavan prakriya 24 ghante key bheetar poori hoe jaati haye. narial kii parat key vibhinn mishran prasanskaran mein alag hoe jaate hain, phir bhee nikaale gaye spirit koo swaad, rung aur sugandh kii aavashyaktaon key aadhar parr kachche, baar-baar aasut yaa filter kiye gaye, yaa 15 saal taka paripakva honey key liye halmila whats mein vaapas sthanantarit kiya jaa sakata haye. araik key premium mishran mein koee anya samagri naheen milati haye, jabaki saste aur samanya mishran koo bottling seey pahale tatasth spirit key saath milaaya jaataa haye. adhikansh loga swaad koo samaan bataate hain...whisky aur rumm key beach ack mishran, "samaan, lekin ack hii samay mein alag-alag. narial kii araik paaramparik roop seey apane aap yaa adarak bear key saath khaai jaati haye, joe srilanka mein ack lokpriya soda haye. yeh rumm yaa whisky key aavashyak bhaagon key vikalp key roop mein cocktail mein bhee milaaya jaa sakata haye. araik koo aksar colla, soda paani aur choone key russ jaise lokpriya mishranon key saath jodaa jaataa haye. utpaadan key prakaar. srilanka mein sharaab parr sharaab aur dawa soochana kendra kii 2008 kii report key anusaar, araik key prakaar hainh nirmaata. srilanka key sabse badey nirmaata, joe unake 2007 key vaarshik utpaadan key aadhar parr crum mein soochibaddh hain, way hainh srilanka key narial key rassak kaa ack brand, selon rassak, haal hii mein 2010 mein britten mein launch kiya gayaa thaa. yeh france aur germany mein bhee upalabdh haye. isake turant baad safed shher vee. aiss. oh. aeye. ney americi bajar mein pravesh kiya. sent helena. aitihaasik roop seey sent helena dweep parr araik ack aam peya rhaa haye, jise aaloo seey aasut kiya jaataa haye. yeh sambhavatah east india company key prabhaav key kaaran haye, jisane sent helena koo niyantrit kiya aur ise bhaarat aur ingland key beach aadhe raaste key roop mein istemal kiya. sweeden aur finland. sweeden aur finland mein, battevia-araik koo aitihaasik roop seey anya avayavon key saath mishrit kiya gayaa haye taaki swedish punch (abb poorv paik kii gaee botalon mein upalabdh) banaaya jaa sakey. sharaab kii matra aam taur parr 25 pratishat seey adhik naheen hoti haye, halanki isamen lagbhag 30 pratishat kii uchch cheeni samagri hoti haye. mool vidhi paani, cheeni, nimbu aur chaay aur/yaa masalon (mukhya roop seey jaifal) key saath arak kaa mishran thaa. aaj punch koo peele rung key mutter key soop key saath germ peeya jaataa haye, yaa raat key khaane key baad coffey key saath thandaa kiya jaataa haye (vishesh roop seey chhaatr deshon mein ratribhoj kii partiyon key dauran). iska upayog kaee prakaar kii pastery aur mithaaiyon mein swaad key roop mein bhee kiya jaataa haye. arak naam abhee bhee kuchh pastery key liye barkarar rakhaa gayaa haye, udaaharan key liye "arruxbole", jabaki pansh kaa upayog "panshkrul" jaisi cheejon key liye kiya jaataa haye. finland mein, araik (yaa rumm) aamtaur parr finish paaramparik pastery, runberg tort banaane mein ack samagri key roop mein kaary kartaa haye. vyutpatti. yeh shabd arabi shabd "arak" (ارق, "arak") seey liya gayaa haye, jiska arth haye "aasavan". purvi bhoomadhyasagariya mein, "arak" shabd kaa upayog aamtaur parr angur seey aasut sharaab aur annice key saath swaad key liye kiya jaataa haye. arak key vipareet, kuchh visheshagyon dwara arak shabd koo "arak nutt" seey liya gayaa maanaa gayaa haye, joe bhaarat mein arak key pedh seey utpann ack taad kaa beej haye aur arak kii kaee kismon key liye aadhar key roop mein upayog kiya jaataa haye. 1838 mein, sharaab key itihas parr saimuel morewood kaa kaam prakaashit huaa. araik key vishay parr unhone kahaah

arrack arak samanyavagi bhaarata, srilanka mattu agneya eshyaadalli utpattiyaguva butty ilisida aalkohaalyukta paniyavagiddu, tengina hoovugalu athawa kabbina hudugisida rasadinda mattu dhaanyadinda (udaa.zii. kempu akki) athawa hannugalu huttida deshavannu avalambisiruttade. idannu kelavomme arak endu uchcharisalaaguttade, athawa saralavagi 'rack athawa' rock endu kareyalaaguttade. idannu arak athawa arak endu kareyalaaguva sompu-ruchiya butty ilisida aatmadondige gondalagolisabaaradu. bhaaratada aneka bhagagalalli arak annu aadubhasheyalli "desi daaru" endu kareyalaaguttade. eradu praathamika shailigala arakgalu wandakkondu bahala bhinnavagiveh "batavia arak" samanyavagi bannadalli spashtavagiruttade aadare dark ramge holuva ruchiya profile annu hondide, hudugisida kempu akkiyannu vishishtavaada "funk" athawa "hogo" ge nidalaaguttade. "idakke vyatiriktavagi, "silan arak" hecchu samskarisida mattu sookshmavaada aatmavaagide. idu kagnack mattu rumm patragala sulivugalannu mattu sookshmavaada hoovina tippanigala sampattannu hondide. eradoo shailigalannu sthaliya nagarikaru "maneyalliye" tayaarisuttaare mattu avugala prastutiyalli chandrana holapannu hecchu holabahudu. itihaasa. bhaaratiyaru akkiya paniyavannu tayaarisuttaare, idannu arak endu kareyalaaguttade endu strabo varadi maadide. arak ellah "hosa prapancha" aatmagalige munchitavaagide, ekendare idu aguardientege (idu, rumm, rumm agricol mattu range moolavaagide) poshakavagide. genois vyaapaarigalu cannery dweepagalalli tamma kabbina utpaadaneya upautpannavagi ee spirit annu tayaarisidaru. avaru sakkareyannu tayaarisuvudara jotege, tamma beleyuttiruva grahakara pattigaagi aamadu maadikolluva badalu arak annu utpaadisidaru. huduguvikeya prakriyeyannu prachodisalu kempu akki mattu yeast mattu itara shilindhragalannu hondiruva sasyashaastriya ona kekgalannu balasikondu itara arambhika arak annu kakambi mattu nirininda butty ilisalaaguttittu (ee tantravannu saaviraaru varshagala hinde chinaadalli pattehachchabahudu mattu butty ilisuvikeya huttinindaloo saha). idannu cree. poo. 800ralli bhaaratadalli butty ilisalaaguttittu endu helalaaguttade, aadare ee avadhiyalli taale wine mattu hudugisida kabbina paniyagalannu tayaarisalaaguttittu, aadare oupachaarika butty ilisuvikeyu nadeyuttittu endu ellaroo nambuvudilla. eshyaada horage, bhaaratiya madyasaarada hodetada prasaranadalli spirit ondu saamaanya ghatakaamshavaagittu mattu visheshavaagi hallend mattu sweedannalli janapriyavagittu. idu america khandadalli, nyoo sweeden mattu nyoo netherlandna vasaahatugalalli sevisida modala butty ilisida spirit aagittu, aadare eega hechchaagi hecchu saamaanya mattu antahude anis-ruchiya spirit araknondige gondalakkolagaagide. nikharavaada moolavannu lekkisade, eshyaa mattu purva mediterranian uddakkoo utpattiyaguva bahupalu sambandhavillada, butty ilisida madyasaaragala bahusankhyeyannu arrack sanketisuttade. idakke kaarana 14neey shatamaanadalli madhyaprachyadadyanta butty ilisuvikeya gnaanada prasarana. aaa samayadalli butty ilisuvikege samaanaarthakavaagidda onde padada vividha lattin varnamaleya roopagalannu balasuva moolaka pratiyondu deshavu tannade aada madyasaarakke hesarittitu ("arak, araka, araki, ariki, arak, arak, rockie, rock, rock, rock, rack, rock"). 1864rahra inglish mattu australian kukari pustakavu arak annu "eest indeesna ondu aadhyaatmika madya" endu vivariside. ee pada, athawa adara bhrashtachara, rack annu poorvadalliruva yaavude aadhyaatmika madyakke anvayisalaaguttade. nijavaada arak annu tengina hoovina hudugisida rasavaada "tody" yinda butty ilisalaaguttade endu helalaaguttade. aadaagyoo, idannu aagaagge akki mattu sakkareyinda butty ilisalaaguttade, coco-adike rasadinda hudugisalaaguttade." vividha desagalalli arak. bhaarata. 1996ralli keraladalli mattu 2007rahra julai 1randu karnatakadalli arak annu nisheedhisalaayitu. indonesia (batavia-arak). indoneshyaadolage, arak annu vivarisalu "arak" emba padavannu innoo vyaapakavaagi balasalaaguttade. arak (athawa akki wine) vasaahatushaahi yugadalli janapriya madyasaarada paniyavagittu. idannu indoneshyaada "rumm" endu pariganisalaaguttade ekendare, rumm nante, idannu kabbininda butty ilisalaaguttade. idu innoo butty ilisuva madakeyagide. huduguvikeyannu prarambhisalu, sthaliya hudugisida kempu akkiyannu sthaliya yeestnondige samyojisi butty ilisuvikeya vishishta parimala mattu vaasaneyannu niiduttade. idannu sumaru butty ilisalaaguttade. 70rashtu abv. rumm nante, batavia-arak samanyavagi vividha moola paarselgala mishranavaagide. indoneshyaadalli deerghakaaladavarege sthaapitavaada arak kampanigalalli ondaada batavia arak kampani (dutch "batavia-arch matshappiz"), idu 1872 rahra hottige eegaagale vyavahaaradallittu, 1901 ralli seemita honegaarike kampaniyaayitu mattu 1950 rahra dashakada aarambhadalli innoo kaaryanirvahisuttittu. batavia arak kampaniyu netherlandsge arak annu raftu maaditu mattu amsterdamnalli kacheriyannu hondittu. batavia arak kampaniyu utpaadisida kelavu arak brandgalu kdabluty (haleya jakaartaada bandengan (kampang baaru) pradeshadalli utpaadisalaayitu) mattu ogl. uttara europe mattu daksina eshyaadalli innoo samanyavagi labhyaviruva batavia-arak annu united statesnalli kanduhidiyuvudu kashtavagabahudu. "batavia-arak wyaan oosten" ittichege labhyaviruva brand aagide. pastrigalu (finnish roonberg tort athawa dressedner stollen nantaha) athawa mithai mattu parimala kaigarikegalalli itara utpannagalalli balasuvaaga batavia-arak ruchiyannu hechchisuttade endu helalaaguttade. idannu gidamoolikegalu mattu kahi madyasaaragalalli balasalaaguttade, mattu aalkohaalyukta gudduvikeyalli (pamsh, regent punch, raayal punch mattu black tea-port haalina punch) ondu amshavaagi balasalaaguttade. munchina american bartender jerri thamus avaru panchnalli idara balakeyannu gamanisidaruh "ee deshakke aamadu maadikolluva hecchina arak annu akkiyannu butty ilisalaaguttade mattu bataaviyaadinda baruttade. idannu americadalli ruchige punch annu horatupadisi kadime balasalaaguttade; ee mishranadalli idara ruchiyu tumba hitakaravagiruttade. vayassaadante arak tumba sudhaarisuttade. idannu bhaaratada kelavu bhagagalalli hecchu balasalaaguttade, allie idannu tengina marada rasavaada tuddy yinda butty ilisalaaguttade. indoneshyaadalli, arak annu samanyavagi moonshine ondu roopavaagi rachisalaaguttade. methanol visha. methanol hondiruva indoneshyaada arak methanol vishatvadinda sthaliya mattu pravasigara saavige kaaranavaagide. baali samajadalli arak samajikavagi mattu saamskrutikavaagi pramukha patra vahisuttade, allie idannu samanyavagi nirininda durbalagolisalaaguttade, sneehitarondige hanchikollalaaguttade athawa dharmika samarambhagalalli sanna pramaanadalli kudiyalaaguttade. aadaagyoo, pravasodyamada belavanige, aggada madyada agatyate mattu madya aamadu terigegalu mattu niyamagala hechchaladondige, bargalalli aneka mishra paniyagalige arak aykeya sphoortiyaayitu. arak utpaadane mattu janapriyateya belavanigeyondige, methanol vishadinda hecchina saavugalu varadiyagive. arak annu samanyavagi kappu marukatteyalli, yaavude niyantranavillade marata maadalaaguttade, allie kelavomme arak annu balapadisalu methanol annu serisalaaguttade. phillipines. samanyavagi butty ilisida mattu bisaadada aalkohaalyukta paniyagalige philipino padavu "alak" aagide, idu arabic pada "arak" ninda bandide. aadaagyoo, "arak" emba padavannu ilokaanodalli nirdishtavagi balasalaaguttade. avugalannu taale rasa (visheshavaagi tenginakayi, nipa taale, athawa kaung taale), kabbu athawa akkiyannu balasi padeyabahudu. sampradayikavagi butty ilisida sthaliya madyasaaragalalli lambanog mattu laxoy serive, ivugalannu taale hoovugala rasadinda tayaarisalaaguttade. ee rasavannu rabbar tappingnanteye bidirina receptacalsgalagi koylu maadalaaguttade, nantara beyisalaaguttade athawa hudugisi "tub" endu kareyalaaguva soumyavaada aalkohaalyukta tenginakayi taddiyannu utpaadisalaaguttade. swatah janapriya paniyavagiruva "tuba" vannu lambanog (athawa laxoy, nipa pomm saapninda tayaarisidare) utpaadisalu mattashtu butty ilisalaaguttade. italian parishodhaka antonio pigafetta, 1521ralli palawan mattu hattirada dweepagalalli taanu kudida baanavannu butty ilisida akki vainninda tayaarisalaagide endu heliddaare. aadaagyoo, avaru bahushah "pangashi" emba butty ilisada akki wine annu ullekhisuttiddaru. srilanka (seylan-arak). srilankavu tenginakayi arakna atidodda utpaadaka raashtravaagide mattu 1992ravarege adara utpaadaneyalli sarkaaravu mahatvada patra vahisittu. neerannu horatupadisi, idee utpadana prakriyeyu tengina taale ("cocos nucifera") yinda tereyada hoovugala rasavaada onde ghatakaamshada huduguvike mattu butty ilisuvikeya sutta suttuttade. pratidina beligge, tody tappergalu endu kareyalpaduva purusharu tengina maragala meelbhaagadalli bigiyaada haggagaliginta bhinnavagi samparkisuva haggagalannu balasuttaare. ondu maravu dinakke eradu litargalashtu koduge niidabahudu. adara sandra sakkare mattu yeast amshadindaagi, serehidiyalaada dravavu naisargikavagi mattu takshanave "tody", "tuvak" athawa sandarbhikavagi "pomm wine" emba soumyavaada aalkohaalyukta paniyavagi huduguttade. sangrahisida kelave gantegalalli, teku athawa berrie cardifoliada maradinda tayaarisida "wash backs" endu kareyalaaguva dodda marada tottigalalli taddiyannu suriyalaaguttade. alcohol amshavu 5-7% talupuvavarege mattu butty ilisalu siddhavaagide endu pariganisuvavarege naisargika huduguvikeya prakriyeyannu vashbyakgalalli munduvarisalu anumatisalaaguttade. butty ilisuvikeyu samanyavagi eradu-hantada prakriyeyagiddu, idu madakeya stilgalu, nirantara stilgalu athawa eradara samyojaneyannu olagondiruttade. modala hantavu "kadime wine" ge kaaranavaaguttade, idu 20 rinda 40 pratishatadashtu alcohol amshavannu hondiruva dravavagide. eradane hantavu 60 rinda 90 pratishatadashtu alcohol amshadondige antima butty ilikege kaaranavaaguttade. idannu samanyavagi parimaana (aa. bii. vii) athawa 66 rinda 100 proof moolaka 33 pratishata mattu 50 pratishata madyasaarakke durbalagolisalaaguttade. sampoorna butty ilisuva prakriyeyu 24 gantegalalli poornagolluttade. tenginakayi arakna vividha mishranagalu samskaraneyalli bhinnavaguttave, aadaroo horategeyalaada spirit annu kachcha, padhe padhe butty ilisida athawa filter maadalaada athawa ruchi, banna mattu parimala avashyakategalannu avalambisi 15 varshagalavarege pakwawaagalu matte halmillah vyaatgalige vargaayisabahudu. airakna premium mishranagalu bere yaavude padaarthagalannu serisuvudilla, aadare aggada mattu saamaanya mishranagalannu bottley haakuva modalu tatastha spiritgalondige beresalaaguttade. hecchina janaru idara ruchiyannu holuttade endu vivarisuttaare...visky mattu rumm naduvina mishranavu onde ritiyaddagide, aadare onde samayadalli vibhinnavaagide. tenginakayi arak annu sampradayikavagi swatah athawa srilankada janapriya sodaada shunti biyarnondige sevisalaaguttade. rumm athawa visky agatya bhagagalige paryayavagi idannu kaktelgalalli beresabahudu. arak annu samanyavagi cola, soda neeru mattu nimbe rasagalantaha janapriya miksargalondige samyojisalaaguttade. utpaadaneya prakaaragalu. srilankaadalli madyada bagegina madya mattu maadakavastu mahiti kendrada 2008rahra varadiya prakara, arakna prakaaragalu heegiveh nirmapakaru. srilankada atidodda tayaarakaru, tamma 2007rahra varshika utpaadaneya aadhaarada mele kramavagi pattimadalpattiveh srilankada tenginakayi arakna brand aada selan arrack annu ittichege 2010 ralli yukeyalli praarambhisalaayitu. idu france mattu germaniyalliyu labhyavide. bili simhada vsova shighradalle americada maarukatteyannu praveshisitu. saint helena. aitihaasikavaagi, aaloogaddeyinda butty ilisida, saint helena dweepadalli arrack ondu saamaanya paniyavagide. saint helenaavannu niyantrisuttidda mattu bhaarata mattu inglend naduvina ardhadaariyalle idannu balasuttidda eest india kampaniya prabhavadindagi idu sambhavisirabahudu. sweeden mattu finland. sweeden mattu finlandnalli, aitihaasikavaagi batavia-arak annu itara padaarthagalondige beresi sweedish pamsh (eega purvasiddha bataligalalli labhyavide) tayaarisalaaguttade. madyada amshavu samanyavagi shekada 25kkinta hecchilla, aadaroo idu sumaru shekada 30rashtu hecchina sakareya amshavannu hondide. moola paakavidhaanavendare neeru, sakkare, nimbe mattu chahaa mattu/athawa masaalegala (mukhyavaagi jayikayi) mishrana. indu panshannu haladi bannada split batani soopna jotegaaranaagi bechchage kudiyalaaguttade, athawa kaafiyondige (visheshavaagi vidyarthi rashtragalalli autanakootagala samayadalli) uutada nantarada paniyavagi tampaagisalaaguttade. idannu halavaaru reetiya pastrigalu mattu sihitindigalalli ruchiyagi balasalaaguttade. kelavu pastrigalige arak emba hesarannu egaloo ulisikollalaagiddu, udaaharanege "arroxbole", aadare pamsh annu "pamsh scroole" nantaha vishayagalige balasalaaguttade. finlandnalli, arrack (athawa rumm) samanyavagi finnish saampradaayika pastrigalalli ondaada runeberg tortgalannu tayaarisuvalli ondu padaarthavaagi kaaryanirvahisuttade. vyutpatti. ee padavu arabic padavaada 'arak' (arak, 'arak') ninda bandide, idarartha 'butty ilisuvudu'. purva meditareniyannalli, "arak" emba padavannu samanyavagi drakshiyinda butty ilisida mattu sompininda ruchiyannu padeda madyakke balasalaaguttade. arakginta bhinnavagi, arak emba padavu bhaaratadalli arak maradinda huttida mattu aneka vidhada arakgalige aadhaaravaagi balasalaaguva taale beejavaada "arak nutt" ninda bandide endu kelavu tagnaru pariganisiddaare. 1838ralli, madyada itihaasagala kuritaada samuel morewood avara krutiyannu prakatisalaayitu. arak vishayada bagge avaru helidaru

arrak arrack heey samanyatah bharat, srilanka aanee aagney ashiyamadhye tayar kele jaanare eka aasavanit madyarkyukt pey aahe, jeey naralachya fulanchya kinwa usachya aambavalelya rasapasoon aanee dhanyasah (udaa.jee. laal tandul) kinwa mool deshanusar fale. tyala kadhikadhi arak asey lihile jaate kinwa fakt 'rack kinwa rack' mhanoon sambodhale jaate. arak kinwa arak navachya enis-swad asalelya aasavanit aatmyashi tyacha gondhal houu naye. bharatachya anek bhaganmadhye arakala bolchalani bhashet 'desi daroo' mhanoon olakhale jaate. arackchya done prathamik shaili aahet jyaa ekmekanpeksha khoop vegalya aaheth "batavia arack" bahutekda rangane spasht asate parantu tyachi chav gadad ramsarkhich asate, jyat aambavalelya laal tandalachya vishisht "funk" kinwa "hogo" asate. "yaulat, "selon erac" haah adhik shuddha aanee sookshm aatma aahe. tyat cognac aanee rumm varnanche sanket aahet aanee tyat najuk fulanchya swaranchi sampatti aahe. donhi shaili sthanik nagarikankadun 'inn haus' dekhil banvilya jaatat aanee tyanchya sadarikaranat chandrachya prakashasarkhe asoo shakatat. itihas. strabochya ahavalanusar bharatiyanni tandalache pey banavale jyala arak mhanatat. arrack serve "naveen jagachya" aatmyanpurvicha aahe, kaaran too aguardientecha palak aahe (joou, tyaa badalyat, rumm, rumm agricol aanee roncha palak hota). genose genose cannery betanvaril tyanchya oos utpadanache upautpadan mhanoon hii bhavna tayar kelee. sakhar banavnyabarobarach, tyanni tyanchya vadhatya grahakanchya yadisathi aayat karnyaivaji arack tayar keela. itar suruvatichya rangeche vitnikaran kakadi aanee panyapasoon kele jaat asey, jyat laal tandalache valalele keek aanee khameer aanee itar burshi asalelya vanaspati vaparoon kinwan prakriya suru kelee jaat asey (heey tantra hajaro varshanpurvi chinmadhye shodhale jaau shakate aanee agadi tyachya janmachya aadhi dekhil). bharatat ii. sha. puu. 800 madhye tyache aasavan karnyat aale asalyacha dawa keela jaato, parantu paam wine aanee aambavalele oos pey yaa kalat tayar kele jaat asatana aupcharik aasavan hott hote asey sarvanna vatat nahee. aashiyabaheril bharatiy madyarkyukt fatkyanchya prasarat spirit haah eka samanya ghatak hota aanee visheshtah holland aanee sweedenmadhye lokpriy hota. nyu sweeden aanee nyu netherlandchya vasahatinmadhye, mahadvipiy yuu. ess. madhye vaparali jaanari hii pahili aasavanit aatma hotee, parantu aata tee adhik samanya aanee tatsam spelling asalelya anniz-swad asalelya spirit arakashi gondhalaleli aahe. achook utpatti kahihi asso, sampoorn ashiya aanee purv bhoomadhya pradeshat utpadit utpadit mothya pramanat asambandhit, aasavanit alcoholchya mothya sankhyeche prateek mhanoon erac aale aahe. yache mukhya kaaran 14 vya shatkat madhyapurvet aasavan dnyanachya prasaramule aahe. pratyek deshane tyach shabdachya vividh lattin varnamalancha vapar karoon alcohole swatache naav dile jeey tyaa velee aasavan ("arak, arak, arak, arak, arak, arak, arak, arak, ruck, ruck, ruck, ruck, ruck") chaa samanarthi hota. 1864 saalee ingraji aanee austreliyan pakakala pustakane arackche varnan "east indigemadhil eka aadhyatmik madya" asey kele. hii sandnya, kinwa tyacha bhrashtachar, rack, purvekadil konatyahi aadhyatmik darula lagoo hoto. kharee zot naralachya fulacha aambavalela rus asalelya 'todi' pasoon nisyandit kelee jaate asey mhatale jaate. tathapi, teey anekada tandul aanee sakharepasun distilled kele jaate, koka-natchya rasasah aambavale jaate." vegvegalya deshanmadhye arack. bharat. 1996 madhye keral rajyat aanee 1 julai 2007 roji karnatakat arakvar bandee ghalanyat aalee. indoneshiya (batavia-arack). indoneshiyamadhyech, arakche varnan karnyasathi 'arak' haah shabd ajunahi mothya pramanavar vaparla jaato. arak (kinwa tandalachi wine) heey vasahatvadi kalat eka lokpriy madyarkyukt pey hote. yala indoneshiyacha 'rumm' manale jaate kaaran rampramanech too usapasoon nisyandit keela jaato. heey eka bhande aahe jeey ajunahi aasavan karate. kinwan suru karnyasathi, sthanik aambavalelya laal tandalachi sthanik yeastmadhye jodani kelee jaate, jyamule distilletchi eka anokhi chav aanee vaas midato. teey andaje distilled kele jaate. 70 takke abv. rampramanech, batavia-arack heey anekada vegvegalya mool parcelche mishran asate. indoneshiyatil sarvat pradirgh kalapasoon sthapan jhalelya arack kampanyanpaiki eka mhanje batavia arak company (dutch "batavia-aarak matshopies"), jee 1872 paryant aadhich vyavasayat hotee, 1901 madhye maryadit dayitva company bunley aanee 1950 chya dashakachya suruvatila ajunahi karyarat hotee. batavia arak companyne netherlandsla arakchi niryatahi kelee aanee amsterdammadhe tyache karyalay hote. batavia arak companyne tayar kelelya kahee arack brandmadhye cadebluty (junya jakartatil bandengan (kampung baru) bhagat utpadit) aanee ogl hote. ajunahi uttar europe aanee dakshin ashiyamadhye samanyatah upalabdh asalela batavia-arack americet shodhane katheen asoo shakate. "batavia-arack vanne oston' haah alikadech upalabdh jhalela brand aahe. batavia-arackcha vapar pasteries (jase qee finish runeberg tort kinwa dresder stollen) kinwa mithai aanee chav udhyoganmadhye ghatak mhanoon keela jaato tevha chav vadhate asey mhatale jaate. heey aushadhi aanee kadoo madyamadhye aanee madyarkyukt mushtya (jase qee punch, regent punch, royal punch aanee black tii-poort milk punch) madhye eka ghatak mhanoon vaparale jaate. panchmadhye tyacha vapar prarambhik american bartender jairie thomas yanni nondavala hotah "yaa deshat aayat keleli bahutek erac tandalapasun nisyandit kelee jaate aanee bataviyatoon yete. swadat marnyakherij americet tyacha vapar farach qamee hoto; yaa mishranat tyachi chav khoop anukool asate. vayanusar erac khoop sudharato. bharatachya kahee bhaganmadhye yacha khoop vapar keela jaato, jithe naralachya zadacha rus asalelya todipasoon tyache shuddhikaran kele jaate. indoneshiyamadhye, arac anekada chandrachya prakashacha eka prakar mhanoon tayar keela jaato. methanol vishbadha. methanol asalelya indonesian arakmule methanol visharipanamule sthanik aanee paryatak doghanchahi mrutyu jhaala aahe. balichya samajat arak samajik aanee sanskratikdrushtya mahattvachi bhoomika bajavate, jithe too anekada panyane patal keela jaato, mitransobat vatoon ghetala jaato kinwa dharmik samarambhandarmyan thodya pramanat pyayala jaato. tathapi, paryatanachya vadhimule, swast daruchi garaj aanee daroo aayat curr aanee niyamanmadhye vaadh jhalyamule, barmadhil anek mishra peyansathi arak hii pasantichi bhavna bunley. arak utpadan aanee lokpriyatet vaadh jhalyamule, methanol vishbadhemule adhik mrutyu nondavale gele. arak sahasa kalya bajarat, niyamanvina vikala jaato, jithe arak majboot karnyasathi kadhikadhi methanol misalale jaate. phillipines. samanyatah aasavan aanee naan kelele madyarkyukt peye hii philipino sandnya 'alak' aahe, jee arabi shabd 'arak' pasoon aalee aahe. tathapi, 'arak' haah shabd visheshtah elocanomadhye vaparla jaato. teey taad rus (visheshtah naral, nip paam kinwa kaong paam), oos kinwa bhatapasoon ghetale jaau shakatat. paramparikpane aasavan kelelya deshi alcoholmadhye lambanog aanee laxoy yancha samavesh hoto, jeey taad fulanchya rasapasoon tayar kele jaatat. rubber tappingpramanech bambuchya bhandyanmadhye rus kapla jaato, nantar shijavala jaato kinwa aambavun "tub" namak saumya-alcoholyukt naralache todi tayar kele jaate. tuba", jeey swatach eka lokpriy pey dekhil aahe, teey lambanog (kinwa laxoy, jarr nip paam rasapasoon tayar kele asel tarr) tayar karnyasathi aanakhi distilled kele jaate. italian sanshodhak antonio pigafeta yane sangitale qee 1521 madhye tyane palavan aanee jawalchya betanvar pyayalela zot haah bhatapasoon tayar kelela hota. tathapi, teey bahudha 'pangsi' yaa tandalachya madyala, jeey aasavan kelele nahee, yacha sandarbh dett hote. srilanka (selon-arack). srilanka haah naralachya rangecha sarvat motha utpadak desh aahe aanee 1992 paryant sarkarne tyachya utpadanat mahattvapoorn bhoomika bajavali. panyavyatirikt, sampoorn utpadan prakriya naralachya paam ("cocos neucifera") madheel naan ughadalelya fulancha rus, ekach ghatakache kinwan aanee aasavan karnyabhovati firate. darroj sakali pahate, taadi tappers mhanoon olakhale jaanare purush naralachya zadanchya shikharanvar ghatt dorkhandanpramane naan jodata jodata dorancha vapar karoon firatat. eka zaad darroj done litarparyant yogdan deu shakate. tyat sakharechi aanee khamirchi sandrata asalyamule, pakadale gelele drav naisargikaritya aanee lagech aambavun "toddy", "tuwak" kinwa adhunmadhun "paam wine" navachya saumya madak peyat rupantarit hote. gola kelyanantar kahee tasanchya aat, sagwan kinwa beriya cordifoliachya lakadapasoon banavalelya "wash back" navachya mothya lakadi pattyanmadhye todi otali jaate. alcoholche praman 5-7% paryant pohocheparyant aanee aasavanasathi tayar manale jaiparyant naisargik kinwan prakriya washbackmadhye suru thevanyas parvanagi dilee jaate. aasavan hii samanyatah done tappyanchi prakriya asate, jyamadhye ektar pooat still, satat still kinwa donhiche sanyojan samavisht asate. pahilya payaricha parinam 'qamee madya' assa hoto, jyamadhye 20 teey 40 takke darmyan alcoholche praman asate. asate tappyat 60 teey 90 takke alcohole samagrisah antim distillate hote. teey samanyatah khand (aii. bii. vhee.) kinwa 66 teey 100 praman pramananusar 33 teey 50 takke alcoholmadhye patal kele jaate. sampoorn aasavan prakriya 24 tasanchya aat purn hote. naralachya rangeche vividh mishran prakriyet vegale hote, tarihi kadhaleli spirit kachcha, varanvar distilled kinwa filter karoon vikali jaau shakate kinwa chav, rung aanee sugandhachya garajenusar 15 varshanparyant paripakv honyasathi punha halmila watsmadhye hastantarit kelee jaau shakate. erackchya utkrusht mishrananmadhye itar konatehi ghatak jodale jaat naheet, tarr swast aanee samanya mishrananmadhye batliband karnyapurvi tatasth spirit misalale jaatat. bahutek lock chav sarkhi asalyache varnan karatat...visky aanee rumm yanchyatil mishran, "samaan, parantu ekach velee vegale aahe. naralache rassa paramparikaritya swatach kinwa shrilanketil lokpriy soda asalelya aalyachya bears khalle jaatat. rumm kinwa viskeechya aavashyak bhaganna paryay mhanoon teey koktelmadhye misalale jaau shakate. erac anekada koola, soda paanee aanee limbacha rus yasarkhya lokpriy mishranansah misalala jaato. utpadanache prakar. alcohole andd drugg information centerchya 2008 chya shrilanketil alcoholvaryl ahavalanusar, erackche prakar pudhilpramane aaheth nirmate. shrilankeche sarvat mothe utpadak, jeey tyanchya 2007 chya varshik arac utpadanachya aadhare kramane soochibaddha aahet, teey pudhilpramane aaheth shrilankechya naralachya rackcha eka brand, selon rack, nuktach 2010 madhye brittenmadhye suru karnyat aala. too france aanee germanymadhyehi upalabdh aahe. pandhara sinh voa lavkarach american bajarat dakhal jhaala. seent helena. aitihasikdrushtya seent helena betavar arack heey batatyapasun nisyandit kelele eka samanya pey rahile aahe. heey bahudha east india companychya prabhavamule aahe, jyane seent helenavar niyantran thewale aanee bharat aanee englandmadhil madhyabindu mhanoon tyacha vapar keela. sweeden aanee finland. sweeden aanee finlandmadhye, aitihasikdrushtya batavia-arack heey swedish punch (aata purv pack kelelya batalyanmadhye upalabdh) banavanyasathi itar ghatkansah misalale gele aahe. alcoholche praman sadharanpane 25 takkyanpeksha jaast nasate, jaree tyat sakhareche praman jawaljawal 30 takke jaast asate. mool pakakruti mhanje paanee, sakhar, limbu aanee chaha aanee/kinwa masale (pramukhyane jayfal) yanche mishran. aaj pivalya rangachya vatanichya soopchya sobat mhanoon ponsch garam pioon kinwa coffees (visheshtah vidyarthi rashtranmadhye ratrichya jevanachya partyanmadhye) ratrichya jevananantarche pey mhanoon thund kele jaate. yacha vapar anek prakarchya pastery aanee mithaimadhyehi chav mhanoon keela jaato. arrak heey naav ajunahi kahee pestrijsathi kayam thewale jaate, udaharanarth "arruxbole", tarr panshacha vapar "panshkrul" sarkhya goshtinsathi keela jaato. finlandmadhye, arac (kinwa rumm) sahasa finish paramparik pastripacky eka, runberg torts banavanyasathi eka ghatak mhanoon kaam karate. vyutpatti. haah shabd arabi shabd 'arak' (arak, 'arak') pasoon aala aahe, jyacha arth 'distillate' assa hoto. purv bhoomadhya pradeshat, 'arak' haah shabd samanyatah drakshanpasun nisyandit aanee santrisah chav asalelya darusathi vaparla jaato. arakchya ulat, arak haah shabd kahee tadnyanni 'arak nutt' pasoon aala aahe asey manale aahe, joou bharatat arkyachya zadapasun ugam pavalela aanee arakchya anek prakaransathi aadhar mhanoon vaparla jaanara taad biyane aahe. 1838 madhye, daruchya itihasavar samuel morwoodche kaam prakashit jhaale. arackchya vishayavar too mhanalah

errak erak ek asut madak peya how june samanyataya bharat, shrilanka rar dakshinpurvi asiama utpadan garinchha, nariwal full wa ukhuko kinwit rasabata banainchha, rar anna (jastai.zee. rato chamal) wa falharu muel deshko adharma. yasalai kahilekaahin arak hizze garinchha, wa kewal 'rack wa' rack bhanera chininchha. yasalai arak wa arak bhanine anniz-swadayukta asut atmasanga bhramit garnu hundaina. bharatka dherai bhagharuma araklai bolchalma "desi daru" bhaninchha. tyahan eryakka dui prathamik shailiharu chhan june ekarkadekhi dherai farak chhanh "batavia arack" prayaha rangma spashta hunchha tara yasako swad profile gadha ramsanga mildojuldo hunchha, jasma euta wishishta "funk" wa "hogo" kinwit rato chamalbata diinchha. "celone arack", yasako viparit, ek adhik parishkrit rar sukshma atma how. yasama kognak rar rumm charitrako sanket rar nazuk fulka noteharuko khajana chha. duwai shailiharu sthaniya nagarikharudwara "inn house" pani banainchha rar tiniharuko prastutikaranma chandramako chamaksanga mildojuldo huna sakchha. itihas. strabole report gareko chha kii bharatiyaharule chamalbata peya padartha banae jaslai arak bhaninchha. erakle sabai "nayan sansar" atmaharu bhanda pahileko how, kinki yo agardienteko abhibhawak how (june, badalama, rumm, rumm agricol, rar ronko abhibhawak thiyo). jinoj wyapariharule cannery tapuharuma afno ukhu utpadanko upautpadko rupma spirit banae. chiny banaunuka sathai, uniharule afna badhdo grahakharuko suchika lagi ayat garnuko satta arack utpadan gare. anya prarambhik eryaklai ghaans rar panibata asawan garieko thiyo, rato chamal rar botanicalko sukkha kekharu prayog garera khamir rar anya dhusiharu samawesh garera kinwan prakriyalai trigger garna (yo prawidhi hajaraun warsha pahile chinma patta lagauna sakinchha rar asawanko janma bhanda pahile pani). yo bharatma 800 isapurvama asawan garieko dabi garieko chha, tara yass awadhima pamm wine rar kinwit ukhu peyaharu banainthyo bhane aupacharik asawan bhairaheko thiyo bhanne sabailai vishwas hundaina. asea bahira, bharatiya madak padarthako prasarma spirit euta samanya ghatak thiyo, rar vishesh gari halyand rar swidenma lokpriya thiyo. yo mahadwipiya americama, nayan swiden rar nayan netherlandko upaniweshharuma khapat hune pahilo asut atma thiyo, tara ab prayaha adhik samanya rar saman hijjeko anniz-swadko atma araksanga bhramit chha. sahi utpatti jastosukai bhae pani, erak asea rar purvi bhumadhyasagarma utpadan hune dherai asambandhit, asut alkohalko pratik baneko chha. yo 14 aun shatabdima madhya purvabhari asawan gyanko prasarko karan how. pratyek deshle eutai shabdako vibhinna lattin warnamala rupharu prayog garera afnai raksiko naam rakhchha june tyas samayama asawanko paryayawachi thiyo ("arak, araka, araki, ariki, arak, arak, raki, raki, rack, rack, rack"). sann 1864 maa angreji rar astreliyali kukri pustakle eraklai "purvi bharatiyaharuko euta adhyatmik madira" ko rupma warnan gareko thiyo. yo shabda, wa yasako bhrashtachar, rack, purvama kunai pani adhyatmik raksima lagu hunchha. saancho arack nariwal fulko kinwit rus "tody" batt asut garieko bhaninchha. yadyapi, yo prayaha chamal rar chinibata asawan garinchha, koko-badamko rassanga kinwit garinchha." vibhinna deshharuma arak. bharat. eraklai sann 1996 maa keral rajyama rar 1 july 2007 maa karnatakma pratibandha lagaieko thiyo. indonesia (batawia-aryak). indonesiabhitra nai, "arak" shabda ajhai pani wyapak rupma arakko warnan garna prayog garinchha. arak (wa dhanko raksi) aupaniweshik yugma lokpriya madak peya thiyo. yasalai indonesiako "rumm" manincha kinbhane, rumm jastai, yo ukhubata asawan garinchha. yo ajhai pani asawan garne bhaando how. kinwan suru garna, sthaniya kinwit rato chamallai sthaniya khamirsanga jodieko chha jasle asawanko adwitiya swad rar gandha dinchha. yo lagbhag nisyandit chha. 70 pratishat ebibhi. rumm jastai, batabhiya-aryak prayaha vibhinna muel parcelharuko mishran how. indonesiama sabaibhanda lamo samayasamma sthapit erak companyharu madhye ek batawia arak company (douch "batawia-arak matschapies") how, june 1872 sammama pahile nai wyawasayama thiyo, 1901 maa simit dayitwa company banyo, rar ajhai pani 1950 ko dashakko suruma sanchalan bhairaheko thiyo. batawia arak companyle netherlandsma arak niryat garyo rar amsterdamma yasako karyalaya thiyo. batawia arak companyle utpadan gareko kehi arack brandharu cadebluty (purano jakartako bandengan (kampung baru) kshetrama utpadan garieko) rar ogal thie. ajhai pani uttari europe rar dakshini asiama samanyataya upalabdha, batavia-arack sanyukta rajyama fela parne gahro huna sakchha. "batavia-arack bhyan osten" halasalai upalabdha brand how. batavia-aryaklai pestriharu (jastai finis runeberg tort wa dresder stollen), wa confectionery rar swad udyogharuma anya utpadanharuma componentko rupma prayog garda swad badhauna bhaninchha. yo jadibuti rar katu madira, rar madak mukka (jastai pansha, regent mukka, shahi mukka, rar callo chiya-port dudha mukka) maa ek ghatakko rupma prayog garinchha. panchama yasako prayog prarambhik americi bartender jery thomasdwara ullekha garieko thiyoh "yass deshma ayat garieko adhikansh arack chamalbata asut garinchha, rar batawiabata aunchha. swadko mukka bahek yo americama thorai prayog garinchha; yasako swad yass mishranma dherai manaparne chha. arack umersangai dherai sudhar hunchha. yo bharatka kehi bhagharuma dherai prayog garinchha, jahaan yasalai nariwalko rukhko rus, todibata asawan garinchha. indonesiama, erak prayaha chandramako ek rupko rupma sirjana garinchha. methanol vishaktata. methanol bhaeko indonesian arakle methanol vishaktatabata sthaniya rar paryatak duwaiko mrityu bhaeko chha. arakle baliko samajma samajik rar sanskritik rupma mahatwapurna bhumika khelchha, jahaan yasalai prayaha panile patlo garinchha, sathiharusanga bandinchha, wa dharmik samarohaharuma thorai matrama piunchha. yadyapi, paryatanko wriddhi, sasto raksiko awashyakta, rar raksi ayat curr rar niyamharuma wriddhi bhaepachi, arak barharuma dherai mishrit peyaharuka lagi chhanotko bhawana banyo. arak utpadan rar lokapriyatama wriddhika sath, methanol vishaktatabata thap mrityuharu report gariyo. arak samanyataya callo bajarma winiyaman bina bechinchha, jahaan araklai baliyo banauna kahilekaahin methanol thapincha. phillipines. samanyataya asut rar aprayukta madak peyaharuka lagi philipino shabda "alak" how, june arabi shabda "arak" batt aeko how. yadyapi, "arak" shabda vishesh gari ilokanoma prayog garinchha. tiniharu talko rus (vishesh gari nariwal, nipa pamm, wa kaong pamm), ukhu, wa chamalbata lyne sakinchha. paramparagat rupma asawan garieko deshi raksima lambanog rar laxoy samawesh chhan, june pamm fulko rasabata banainchha. raslai robber tapp garne jastai baansko receptaclesma katinchha, tyasapachhi pakaera wa kinwit gari "tub" bhanine halka-raksiyukta nariwalko tody utpadan garinchha. tuba", june afaima ek lokpriya peya pani how, lambanog (wa laxoy, yadi nipa pamm rasabata baneko chha bhane) utpadan garna thap asawan garinchha. italian anweshak, antonio pigafetale bhane kii unle sann 1521 maa palawan rar najikaika tapuharuma pieka erak asut dhanko raksibata baneko thiyo. yadyapi, unle sambhawatah "pangasi", euta dhanko raksilai sandarbha gardai thie june asawan garieko chhaina. shrilanka (celone-arak). shrilanka nariwal eryakko sabaibhanda thulo utpadak how rar sann 1992 samma sarkarle yasako utpadanma mahatwapurna bhumika kheleko thiyo. panibahek, sampurna utpadan prakriya nariwal pamm ("kokos nyusifera") batt naha kholeka fulharuko rus, ekal ghatakko kinwan rar asawanko waripari ghumchha. pratyek bihan bihan, tody tapper bhanera chinine manisharu nariwalka rukhharuko tuppoma jodne doriharu prayog garera hindchan june tyteropesko viparit hundaina. euta rukhle dainik dui litersamma yogdan garna sakchha. yasako kendrit chiny rar khamir samagriko karan, capture garieko taral prakritik rupma rar turuntai "tody", "tuwak", wa kahilekaahin "pamm wine" bhanine halka madak peyama kinwit hunchha. sankalanko kehi ghantabhitrai, tadilai sagauna wa beriya cordifoliako kathbata baneko "wash back" bhanine thula kathka batharuma khanyainchha. prakritik kinwan prakriyalai dhune kramama jaari rakhna anumati diinchha jabasamma raksiko samagri 5-7% maa pugdaina rar asawanka lagi tayar manincha. asawan samanyataya dui-charan prakriya how jasma yaa tata pott still, nirantar still, wa duwaiko sanyojan samawesh hunchha. pahilo charanle "cum wine" maa parinam dinchha, 20 rar 40 pratishatko bichma raksiko samagri bhaeko taral. dosro charanle 60 dekhi 90 pratishatko raksiko samagriko sath antim asawanma parinam dinchha. yo samanyataya matra (ebibhi) wa 66 dekhi 100 pramandwara 33 pratishat rar 50 pratishat alkohalma patlo hunchha. sampurna asawan prakriya 24 ghantabhitra sampanna hunchha. nariwal eryakka vibhinna mishranharu prashodhanma bhinna hunchhan, taipani nikalieko spirit kachcha, barambar asut wa filter garieko, wa swad, rung rar sugandha awashyakataharuanusar 15 warshasamma paripakwa hunka lagi halmila bhyatharuma firta sthanantaran garna sakinchha. eryakko premium mishranharule kunai anya samagriharu thapdainan, jabki sasto rar samanya mishranharu bottlema rakhnu aghi tatastha spiritharusanga misainchha. dheraijaso manisharule swadlai mildojuldo bhanera warnan garchhan. ..whisky rar rumm bichko mishran, "saman, tara ekai samayama farak. nariwal arack paramparagat rupma afaile wa shrilankako lokpriya soda aduwako biyarsanga khainchha. yo yaa tata rumm wa whiskyko awashyak bhagharuko wikalpako rupma kakatelma misauna sakinchha. eryaklai prayaha kola, soda pani rar chunerako rus jasta lokpriya mixersasanga jodio. utpadan prakarharu. shrilankama raksi rar laguaushadh suchana kendrako sann 2008 ko reportanusar, eryakka prakarharuh utpadakharu. shrilankaka sabaibhanda thula utpadakharu, uniharuko 2007 ko eryakko warshik utpadanko adharma kramabadha rupma suchibadha chhanh shrilankako nariwal eryakko brand celone arack halai sann 2010 maa belayatma lunch garieko thiyo. yo france rar germanyma pani upalabdha chha. seto sinha bhiesoe chaandai americi bajarma prawesh garyo. cent helena. aitihasik rupma erak cent helena tapuma alubata asut garieko samanya peya bhaeko chha. yo sambhawatah east india companyko prabhawka karan how, jasle cent helenalai niyantran गऱ्यो। rar yasalai bharat rar englandbichko adha binduko rupma prayog गऱ्यो।. swiden rar finland. swiden rar finlandma, aitihasik rupma batavia-aryaklai swidis pansha (ahile purva package garieka botalharuma upalabdha) banaunaka lagi anya samagriharusanga misaieko chha. raksiko matra samanyataya 25 pratishatbhanda badhi hundaina, yadyapi yasama lagbhag 30 pratishatko uccha chiniko matra hunchha. muel vidhi pani, chiny, nimbu, rar chiya rar/wa masalaharu (mukhyataya jaifal) sanga eryakko mishran thiyo. az panskalai pahenlo vibhajit matarko supko sathko rupma tato piera, wa kafiko sath (vishesh gari vidyarthi rashtraharuma dinner partyharuma) ratiko khana pachhi peyako rupma chiso garinchha. yasalai vibhinna prakarka pastery rar mithaiharuma swadko rupma pani prayog garinchha. arak naam ajhai pani kehi pestriharuka lagi rakhinchha, udaharanka lagi "arraksabol", jabki punsk "punscrul" jasta chijharuka lagi prayog garinchha. finlandma, arack (wa rumm) samanyataya finlandko paramparagat pestriharu, runberg tortharu madhye ek banaunama ek samagriko rupma kaam gardacha. wyutpatti. yo shabda arabi shabda "arak" (arka, "arak") batt aeko how, jasko artha "asawan" how. purvi bhumadhyasagarma, "arak" shabda samanyataya angurbata asut rar lasunko swadka lagi prayog garinchha. arakko viparit, arak shabdalai kehi vigyaharule "arak nutt" batt wyutpanna bhaeko manincha, bharatma arkako rukhbata utpanna bhaeko rar arakka dherai prakarka lagi adharko rupma prayog garieko talko biu how. sann 1838 maa, madira itihasma samuel morwoodko kaam prakashit bhaeko thiyo. eryakko vishayama unle bhaneh

arek aarak heuchhi eka asantabruta madyapana jaahaa sadharanatah bharat, shreelanka ebong dakhina-purba acra utpadita hue, nadia phul kimba aakhu rahr kinakruta rasaru ebong shasya sahita madhya .jii. laal chaula) kimba phala moola desh upare nirbhara kare . ehaaku belebele arak lekhajae, kimba kebala 'rack kimba' rack bhabare suchita karajae . ehaaku arak kimba arak namaka anice-swadajukta distiled spirit sahita bibhranta karajiba uchita nuhen . bharatara aneka bhagare aaraakaku sadharana bhasare "deshi daaru" kuhajae. arekra duiti prathamika sailee achhi jaahaa parasparatharu bahuta bhinnah "batabhia arek" prajatah rangare spust kintu dark rumm sahita adhika samaana swada profile achhi, eka swatantra "fanka" kimba "hogo" ehaaku kinakruta laal chaula thaaru diajae . "aparapakhyare "sellon arac" heuchhi eka adhika shudha ebong sukshma atma. ethire kognak ebong rumm charitrara sanketa ebong aneka sukshma phulara note achhi . ubhaja sailee sthaniah nagarikanka dwara "ghare" madhya prastuta karajae ebong semananka upasthapanare chandra chamaka sahita adhika samaana hoipare . itihas. strabo report anujai, bharateejamane chaularu eka paniah tiari karuthile, jaahaaku arak kuhajae. arac samasta "nutan biswa" atmagudikara purbabarti, kaaran ehaa aguardiente (jaahaa, pratibadalare, rumm, rumm agricol ebong rone rahr pitamata thila) rahr pitamata . genose byabasajeemane kanari dwepapunjare semananka aakhu utpadanara eka upa-utpada bhabare spirit tiari karithile . chini tiari kariba byatita, semane semananka grahakanka kramabardhishnu talika paain amdani kariba paribarte arac utpadana karithile. anya prarambhika aaraak good ebong paniru asantarana karajaithila, laal chaula ebong udbhida bigyanara shukhila keck byabahara curry jeunthire khiaa ebong anyanya phangis thaae kinabadhana prakrijaku trigger kariba paain (ehi kaushala hazar hazar barsha purbe cheenare chinhat karajaipare ebong epariki asantaranara janma purbaru madhya) . ehaa madhya bharatare khreestapoorba 800ray asantarana karajaithila bolly daabi karajae, kintu paam wine ebong kinakruta aakhu paniah ehi samai madhyare prastuta karajauthibabele samaste biswasa karanti naahin je aanusthanika asantarana ghatuchi . acia bahare, bharatiah madyapanara prasarare spirit eka sadharana upadan thila, ebong bisesh curry holland ebong swidenare lokpriya thila . ehaa thila pratham distiled spirit jaahaa mahadeshiah jayu. ess. ray, nyu swidena ebong nyu netherlander upanibeshare byabahruta hoithila, kintu bartamana ehaa adhika sadharana ebong samaana banan thiba anice-swadajukta spirit aarak sahita bibhranta . sathika utpatti nirbisheshare, aaraak samagra acia ebong purba bhumadhyasagarija anchalare utpadita bahusankhyaka asanglagna, asantabruta alcoholer pratika hoichhi . ehaa mukhyatah 14shaa shatabdire samagra madhyaprachyare asabana gyanara prasara karanaru hoichhi. pratyeka desh sehi samajare asadanara samarthaka thiba samaana shabdar bibhinna lattin barnamala roop byabahara curry nijara madyapanara naama rakhithile ("arak, araka, araki, ariki, aarak, aarak, raki, rock, rock, rock"). 1864 ingraji ebong astreliah roshei pustaka aaraakaku "purba indijaru eka spirituous mudd" bhabare barnana karichhi. ehi sabda, kimba ehara durneeti, rack, purbare jekaunasi pretyakaka mudd paain prajujya . kuhajae je prakruta arakati nadia phulara kinakruta rus "tody" ru aasantruta . tebe, ehaaku prajatah chaula ebong chiniru bisodhana karajaithae, ebong coco-nutt rus sahita kinajae." bibhinna deshare arek. bharat. 1996 masihare kerala rajyare aaraak ebong 2007 masiha july 1 tarikhare karnatakare ehaa upare pratibandhaka lagajaithila. indonesia (batabhia-aaraak). indonesia bhitare, "arak" shabdati ebe madhya aaraakaku barnana kariba paain byapaka bhabare byabahruta hue . arak (kimba chaula mudd) oupanibeshika jugare eka lokpriya madyapana thila . ehaaku indonesiaara "rumm" bolly bibechana karajae kaaran rumm pari, ehaa aakhuru aasantruta . ehaa ebe bii eka paatana paatra. kinabinyasa arambha kariba paain, sthaniah kinabina laal chaulaku sthaniah khameer sahita mishai eka ananya swada ebong gandha diajae . ehaa pakhapakhi distill karajaithae. 70 pratishata ebibhi. rumm pari, batabhia-aarak prajatah bibhinna moola parcelor mishran . indonesiaara dirghatama pratisthita arac companygudika madhyaru gotie heuchhi batabhia arac company (douch "batabhia-aarak matschapies"), jaahaa 1872 masiha suddha byabasajare thila, 1901 masihare eka seemita dajitwa companyre parinata hoithila, ebong 1950 dashkar prarambhare karjya karuthila. batabhia arac company madhya nedaralyandaku arac raptani karithila ebong amsterdamre ehara eka karjyalaja thila . batabhia arac company dwara utpadita keteka arac brand thila kee. dablyu. tii. (puruna jakartara bandengan (kampunga baaru) anchalare utpadita) ebong oh. jii. ell.. ebe madhya uttara europe ebong dakhina acra sadharanatah upalabdha, batabhia-arac aamerikare paiba kastakara hoipare . "batabhia-aaraak bhaan osten" heuchhi eka ati nikatare upalabdha brand. batabhia-aaraakaku pestry (finnish runberg turt kimba dresder stollen bhali), kimba mistanna ebong swada shilpare eka upadan bhabare byabahara kale swada brudhi karithae bolly kuhajae. ehaa bheshaj ebong tikta madare byabahruta hue, ebong madyapana panchare eka upadan bhabare (jepariki pons, regent pancha, rayal pancha, ebong kalaa chaa-port kheera pancha) . panchare ehara byabahara prarambhika americae bartender jairie thomasnka dwara ullekha karajaithilaha "ehi deshaku amdani karajaithiba adhikansha aaraak chaularu asantabruta, ebong batabhiaru asithae . swadajukta mustiku chhadi, aamerikare ehaa khub comm byabahruta hue; ehi mishranare ehara swada atyanta anukula . bayasa sahita aaraak bahuta unnat hue . bharatara keteka bhagare ehaa bahula bhabe byabahruta hoithae, jeunthare ehaaku nadia gachara rus, tadiru bisodhana karajaithae. indonesiaare, arac prajatah chandra eka roop bhabare srusti hue . methanol bishakrija. methanel thiba indonesian aarak methanel bishaktata dwara ubhaja sthaniah ebong parjyatakanka mrutyu ghataichi . baali samajare arak eka samajika ebong sanskrutika gurutwapurna bhumika grahan kare, jeunthare ehaa prajatah panire patala hue, bandhunka saha bantajae, kimba dharmika samaroha samajare alpa parimanare madyapana kare . tebe, parjyatanara abhibruddhi, shasta madyapanara abashyakata, ebong mudd amdani ticks ebong nijamabali brudhi sahita, bargudikare aneka mishrit paniah paain arac pasandajogya atma hoigala . aarak utpadana ebong lokaprijata brudhi sahita, methanol bishakrijare adhika mrutyu report karajaithila . aarak sadharanatah kalaa bajaarare bikri hue, bina nijamare, jeunthare aarak ku shaktishali kariba paain belebele methanol mishajae . phillipines. sadharanatah distill ebong aaa-distill hoithiba madyapana paain eka philipino sabda heuchhi "alk", jaahaa arabiah sabda "aarak" ru aasichhi. arak" shabdati, jadio, ilokanore bisesh bhabare byabahruta hue . segudika taala rus (bisesh curry nadia, nipa taala, kimba kaonga taala), aakhu kimba chaularu milipariba. paramparika bhabe asantajanaka heuthiba deshi madyapana madhyare lambano ebong laxai antarbhukta, jaahaa taala phulara rasaru prastuta hoithae. ehi rasaku rabar tyaping bhali baunsha bhandarare amala karajae, taa 'parey "tub" namaka eka samanya-madyapanajukta nadia tody utpadana kariba paain randha kimba kinajae . tuba", jaahaa nije eka lokpriya paniah, lambanog (kimba laxo, jadi nipa paam sapp ru tiari hue) utpadana karibaku ahuri asadan karajae . italiah anusandhanakari antonio pigapheta kahichanti je 1521 masihare palawan ebong nikatasta dwepapunjare shay jeun aaraak piethile taaha distiled chaula wineru tiari hoithila. tebe, shay sambhabatah "pangasi", eka chaula mudd jaahaa asadan karajae naahin, bishajare ullekha karuthile. shreelanka (sellon-arac). shreelanka heuchhi nadia arakar sarbabruhat utpadaka ebong 1992 masiha parjyanta sarkar ehara utpadanare gurutwapurna bhumika grahan karithile. jala byatita, samagra utpadana prakriya gotie ekaka upadanara kinajan ebong paatana charipate ghurithae, nadiala taalaru ("cocos nusifera") khola naah thiba phulara rus . pratidina sakale, tody tapper bhabare janashuna purushamane nadia gachara shirsha madhyare sanjogakaree russie byabahara curry gati karanti, tytrope pari nuhen . gotie gacha dainika dui litter parjyanta yogdan karipare . ehara ghanibhuta chini ebong khameer parimana hetu, bandi tarala prakrutika bhabare ebong turanta "tody", "tuac", kimba belebele "paam wine" namaka eka samanya madyapanare parinata hue . sangraha karibara kichhi ghanta madhyare, tody budd kathara bhyat ray bhartti karajae, jaahaaku "waasa backs" kuhajae, jaahaa segun kimba beria cardifolia katharu tiari . prakrutika kinabina prakrijaku washabyakgudikare jaari rakhibaku anumathi diajaichhi jeparjyanta alcohol samagri 5-7% ray pahanchi naahin ebong asadan paain prastuta bolly bibechana karajae . paatana sadharanatah eka dui-parjyaja prakriya jeunthire putt still, kramagata still kimba ubhajara mishran antarbhukta . pratham padakhyepati "comm mudd" ray parinata hue, eka tarala padartha jeunthire 20 ru 40 pratishata madhyare mudd thaae . dwiteeja parjyajara phalaswaroopa 60 ru 90 pratishata madyapana sahita antim asadan hue . ehaa sadharanatah ayatan (ebibhi) kimba 66 ru 100 pramana dwara 33 pratishataru 50 pratishata madyapanare patala hoithae. 24 ghanta madhyare sampurna asabana prakriya shesh hoithae. nadia rackra bibhinna mishran prakrijakaranare bhinna hoithae, tathapi bahara karajaithiba spiritaku kanchamal, barambar asadan kimba filter curry bikri karajaipare, kimba swada, ranga ebong sugandha abashyakata upare nirbhara curry 15 barsha parjyanta paripakwa heba paain halmila bhaat ku sthanantara karajaipare . arakra premium mishranare anya kaunasi upadan joga hoinathae, jetebele kii shasta ebong sadharana mishran botalare bhartti kariba purbaru nirapekhya spirit sahita mishrit hue . adhikansha lock ehara swadaku samaana bolly barnana karanti.....huisky ebong rumm madhyare eka mishran, "samaana, kintu ekaa samajare swatantra bhabare bhinna . nadia aaraak paramparika bhabe nije kimba shreelankara eka lokpriya soda adaa biara sahita byabahara karajaithae. rumm kimba huiskira aabasyaka anshara bikalpa bhabare ehaaku kakatelare madhya mishajaipare . arac prajatah cola, soda paani ebong lembu rus pari lokpriya mixer sahita mishajae . utpadana prakara. shreelankare madyapana upare madyapana ebong nishadrabya suchana kendra 2008 report anujai, arac rahr prakaragudika helah nirmata. shreelankara sarbabruhat utpadanakareemane, semanankara 2007 rahr barshika utpadana aadhaarare kramare talikabhukta hoichhantih shreelankana nadia arakar eka brand sellon aarak nikatare 2010 ray britenare arambha hoithila. ehaa frances ebong germanyre madhya upalabdha . ehara kichhi samai parey white lyon bhi. ess. oh. aii. americara bajaarare prabesha karithila. cent helena. aitihasika drustiru, cent helena dwepare arac eka sadharana paniah hoi rahichhi, jaahaa aaluru bisodhana karajaithae. ehaa sambhabatah east india companyra prabhaba karanaru, jaahaa cent helenaku nijantrana karuthila ebong ehaaku bharat ebong englanda madhyare eka adhaa bindu bhabare byabahara karuthila. swidena ebong finland. swidena ebong phinalyandare, aitihasika bhabare swidisha pons (bartamana pri-packaged botalare upalabdha) tiari kariba paain batabhia-aaraakaku anya upadan sahita mishajaichhi. sadharanatah madyapanara parimana 25 pratishataru adhika hoinathae, jadio ethire praiah 30 pratishata adhika chini thaae. moola recipe thila paani, chini, lembu, ebong chaa ebong/kimba masala (mukhyatah jaiphal) sahita aaraak mishran . aaji punsch haladia split mutter supe sahita eka saathee bhabare garam piethae, kimba kaphi sahita ratribhojana parey paniah bhabare thanda karajae (bisesh curry chhatra rastrare ratribhojana party samajare) . ehaa bibhinna prakarara pestry ebong mitha ray madhya swada bhabare byabahruta hue . aaraak namati ebebi keteka pestry paain bajaiah rahichhi, udaharana swaroopa "aracesbole", jetebele kii punsch "punscrul" bhali jinish paain byabahruta hue . phinalyandare, aaraak (kimba rumm) sadharanatah finnish paramparika pestry madhyaru gotie, runberg turt tiari karibare eka upadan bhabare karjya kare . byutpatti. ehi shabdati arabiah sabda "arak" (arak, "arak") ru aasichhi, jahara artha heuchhi "asadan". purba bhumadhyasagarija anchalare, "arak" shabdati sadharanatah anguraru bisodhita ebong anice sahita swadajukta mudd paain byabahruta hue . aarak thaaru bhinna, aarak shabdati keteka bisheshagyanka dwara "arca nutt" ru utpanna bolly bibechana karajaichi, jaahaa bharatare arca gacharu utpanna eka talam manji ebong aneka prakarara arakra aadhara bhabare byabahruta hue . 1838 masihare, mudd itihas upare samuel moraudnka karjya prakashita hoithila. arac bishajare shay kahithileh

arak airak ikk aasut alcohol vaala peenn vaala padarath haii joe aam taur utte bharat, srilanka atey dakkhan-purbi eshia witch paida hunda haii, joe narial dey fullan jaan ganne dey khameer vaale rus toon banaiaa jaanda haii, atey anaaj (jiven kii.jee. laal chawal) jaan fall mool desh dey adhaar teey. iss noon kaee vaar arak likhiaa jaanda haii, jaan siraf 'raek jaan' raek kiha jaanda haii. iss noon annies dey suaad vaali aasut aatma naal ulajhan witch naheen paaiaa jaanha chahida jiss noon arak jaan arak kiha jaanda haii. bharat dey bahut saare hissiaan witch araik noon bolchal dee bhasha witch "desi daru" vajon janhiaa jaanda haii. airak deeaan doou muddhliaan shailiaan hunn joe ikk dooje toon bahut vakkhariaan hann "batavia airak" aksar rung witch sapshat hunda haii parr iss daa suaad profile dark rumm dey samaan hunda haii, jiss witch ikk vilakkhan "funk" jaan "hogo" iss noon khameer vaale laal chawal toon ditta jaanda haii. "iss dey ulat, "sealon airak" ikk vadhere shudh atey sookham aatma haii. iss witch kagnaik atey rumm charittar dey sanket atey nazuk fullan dey notan dee daulat haii. doven shailiaan sathanak nagrikan duaara "gharr witch" vee banaiaan gaeeaan hunn atey uhanan dee peshkari witch chandrama dey samaan hoow sakdiaan hunn. itihaas. strabo dee report anusar bharti lokan neey chaulan toon ikk peenn vaala padarath banaiaa jiss noon arak kiha jaanda haii. airak saare "navein sansar" aatmiaan toon pahilan haii, kiunki ih agvardient (joe badle witch, rumm, rumm agricol atey rone daa maata-pitaa see) daa maata-pitaa haii. genois vapariaan neey cannery tapuan witch aapne ganne dey utpadan dey upp-utpaad vajon aatma noon banaiaa. khand banaun toon ilava, unhan neey aapne gaahkan dee vaddh rahee suchi laee iss noon daramad curran dee bajaae airak daa utpadan keeta. horr shuruati airak noon gudd atey paanee toon kattiaa jaanda see, laal chaulan dey sukke cake atey banaspatiaan dee varton karde hoye jiss witch khameer atey horr ullimar hunde hunn taan joe fermentation prakiriaa noon trigger keeta jaa sake (iss takneek noon hazaran saal pahilan cheen witch labhiaa jaa sakda haii atey ithon takk kii aaswan dey janam toon pahilan vee). ih vee daava keeta jaanda haii kii iss noon bharat witch 800 ee. poo. witch distill keeta giaa see, parr jadon kii paam wine atey khameer vaale ganne dey peenn vaale padarath iss samein dey aas paas banaae jaa rahey sunn, taan saare ih naheen mannade kii rasmi aaswan hoow riha see. eshia toon bahr, ih aatma bharti alcohol vaale punch dey prasaar witch ikk aam samaggari see, atey ih khaas taur utte halland atey sweden witch prasidh see. ih mahandeepi amrica witch, nioo sweden atey nioo needarland deeaan bastiaan witch khapat keeti jaanh vaali pahili aasut aatma see, parr hunn ih ziaadaatar aam atey samaan spelled anees-suaad vaale aatma arak naal ulajhan witch haii. sahee mool dee parwah keete binan, airak poore eshia atey purbi mediterian witch paida hoye vadde paddhar 'teey asambandhit, aastrit alcohol dee ikk bheed daa prateek bann giaa haii. ih ih sadee dauran poore maddh purab witch aaswan giaan dey prasaar dey caarn haii. harek desh neey ikko shabad dey vakkh-vakkh latini varanmala roopan dee varton karke aapne alcohol daa naam rakkhiaa joe uss samein aaswan daa smanarthi see ("arak, arak, arak, arak, arak, arak, arak, rakk, rakk, rakk, rakk, rakk"). 1864 witch angrezi atey australiaai rasoi dee kitaab witch airak noon "purbi bharat dee ikk aatmak sharab" vajon darsaiaa giaa see. ih shabad, jaan iss daa bhrishtachar, raek, purab witch kise vee aatmik sharab utte lagu hunda haii. kiha jaanda haii kii sacchi airak noon "tody", narial dey full dey khameer vaale rus toon kaddhiaa jaanda haii. halanki, iss noon aksar chawal atey khand toon kattiaa jaanda haii, jiss noon coco-nutt dey rus naal khameer keeta jaanda haii." vakkh-vakkh deshan witch arak. bharat. 1996 witch keral atey 1 julai 2007 noon karnatak raajan witch airak utte pabandi lagaa ditti gaee see. indonesia (batavia-araik). indonesia dey ander, shabad "arak" ajey vee arak daa varnan curran laee viaapak taur teey vartiaa jaanda haii. arak (jaan chawal dee wine) bastiwadi yugg dauran ikk prasidh sharab see. iss noon indonesia daa "rumm" manniaa jaanda haii kiunki rumm dee tarahan iss noon ganne toon kaddhiaa jaanda haii. ih ikk ghada haii joe ajey vee aaswan haii. khameer shuru curran laee, sathanak khameer vaale laal chaulan noon sathanak khameer naal jodiaa jaanda haii taan joe aaswan daa ikk vilakkhan suaad atey gandh ditti jaa sake. iss noon lagbhag distill keeta jaanda haii. 70 feesdi abv. rumm dee tarahan, batavia-airak aksar vakkh-vakkh mool parcelan daa sumel hunda haii. indonesia witch sabh toon lambe samein takk sathapit airak companyan vicchon ikk batavia arak company (dutch "batavia-aarak metshoppies") haii, joe 1872 takk pahilan hii carobar witch see, 1901 witch ikk seemat dendari company bann gaee, atey ajey vee 1950 dey dahake dey arambh witch kamm qarr rahee see. batavia arak company neey needarlands noon arak vee niryaat keeta atey amsterdam witch isda ikk daftar see. batavia arak company duaara tiaar keete gaye kujh araik brand keey. w. tii. (purane jakarta dey bandengan (kampung baru) khetar witch tiaar keete gaye) atey ou. jee. ail. sunn. ajey vee aam taur uttri yoorap atey dakkhni eshia witch upalbadh, batavia-airak sanyukat raaj witch labbhna mushkal hoow sakda haii. "batavia-airak vain oostan" ikk haal hii witch upalbadh brand haii. kiha jaanda haii kii batavia-airak suaad noon vadhaunda haii jadon horr utpadan witch ikk hisse vajon vartiaa jaanda haii, jiven kii pestariaan (jiven kii finish runiberg tort jaan dresder stolen), jaan mathiaai atey suaad udyogan witch. iss dee varton jadee-bootiaan atey kaude sharab witch keeti jaandi haii, atey alcohol vaale panchan (jiven kii pansh, regent punch, shaahi punch atey kaali chaah-port dudh punch) witch ikk hisse vajon keeti jaandi haii. punch witch iss dee varton noon shuruati amriki bartender jairi thoms duaara nott keeta giaa seeuuu "iss desh witch daramad keeti gaee ziaadaatar airak chawal toon kaddhi jaandi haii, atey batavia toon aaundi haii. ih amrica witch bahut ghatt vartiaa jaanda haii, suaad punch noon chhadd keey; iss mishran witch isda suaad bahut hii anukool haii. umar dey naal airak witch bahut sudhar hunda haii. ih bharat dey kujh hissiaan witch bahut ziaada vartiaa jaanda haii, jitthe iss noon tody, narial dey rukkh dey rus toon kaddhiaa jaanda haii. indonesia witch, airak noon aksar chandrama dey ikk roop vajon banaiaa jaanda haii. methanol zahir. methanol vaale indonesian arak neey methanol dey zahirilepan naal sathanak atey sailani dovan dee maut daa caarn baniaa haii. arak baali dey samaaj witch smajik atey sabheyacharak taur utte mahattavpuran bhumika nibhaunda haii, jitthe iss noon aksar paanee naal petli keeta jaanda haii, dostan naal sanjha keeta jaanda haii, jaan dharmik rasman dauran thodhi matra witch peeta jaanda haii. halanki, sair-spaate dey vikas, sasti sharab dee zaroorat atey sharab daramad taxes atey niyaman witch vaadhe dey naal, baar witch bahut saare mishrat peenn laee arak pasand dee bhavna bann gaee. arak dey utpadan atey prasidhi witch vaadhe dey naal, methanol zahir naal vadhere mautan hoiaan sunn. arak aam taur utte binan kise niyam dey kaale baazaar witch vechiaa jaanda haii, jitthe arak noon mazboot banaun laee kaee vaar methanol jodiaa jaanda haii. philipines. aam taur utte aasut atey ann-vistrit alcohol vaale peenn laee ikk philipino shabad "alak" haii, joe arabi shabad "arak" toon liaa giaa haii. halanki, shabad "arak" vishesh taur utte ilocano witch vartiaa jaanda haii. uh paam rus (khaas taur utte narial, nipa paam, jaan kaong paam), ganne jaan chaulan toon lae jaa sakde hunn. ravaiti taur utte aasut keeti jaanh vaali desi alcohol witch lambanog atey loxoy shamal hunn, joe kii paam fullan dey rus toon baney hunde hunn. rus noon rubbed dee tapp curran dey samaan baans dey receptical witch kattiaa jaanda haii, firr "tubb" namak ikk halke alcohol vaale narial dey tody daa utpadan curran laee pakaiaa jaan khameer keeta jaanda haii. tuba", joe aapne aap witch ikk prasidh peenn vaala padarath vee haii, noon agge lambnog (jaan laksoye, jey nipa paam rus toon banaiaa jaanda haii) paida curran laee distill keeta jaanda haii. italvi khoji, antonio pigafeta neey kiha kii 1521 witch plavan atey nedley tapuan witch uss neey joe teer peeta see, uh chawal dee wine toon banaiaa giaa see. halanki, uh sambhav taur 'teey "pangsi", ikk chawal dee wine daa zikar qarr rahey sunn, jiss noon distill naheen keeta jaanda haii. srilanka (sealon-airak). srilanka narial dee airak daa sabh toon vadda utpadak haii atey 1992 takk sarkaar neey iss dey utpadan witch mahattavpuran bhumika nibhai see. paanee toon ilava, samucchi nirman prakiriaa ikk single samaggari dey frantation atey aaswan dey duaale ghumdi haii, ikk narial paam ("cocos neusifera") toon khulleh fullan daa rus. harr sware noon, aadmi jinhan noon tody tappers vajon janhiaa jaanda haii, narial dey rukkhan dey sikhran vichkaar juden valiaan rassiaan dee varton karde hunn naa kii tang boondan dey ulat. ikk rukkh pratee dinn doou leater takk daa yogdan paa sakda haii. iss dee kendrit khand atey khameer dee samaggari dey caarn, capture keeta taral kudrati taur 'teey atey turant ikk halke alcohol vaale peenn witch khameer hoow jaanda haii jiss noon "tody", "took" jaan kadey-kadey "paam wine" kiha jaanda haii. ikattar curran toon kujh ghantiaan baad, tody noon vadde lakkad dey vaitan witch paaiaa jaanda haii, jiss noon "vaash baek" kiha jaanda haii, joe sagwan jaan beria cordifolia dee lakkad toon baniaa hunda haii. kudrati fermentation prakiriaa noon udon takk jaari rakkhan dee aagiaa haii jadon takk alcohol dee samaggari 5-7% takk naheen pahunch jaandi atey aaswan laee tiaar naheen manni jaandi. aaswan aam taur utte ikk doou-padavi prakiriaa hundi haii jiss witch jaan taan pott still, nirantar still jaan dovan daa sumel shamal hunda haii. pahile kadam dey natije vajon "ghatt wine", ikk taral jiss witch alcohol dee matra 20 atey 40 pratishat dey vichkaar hundi haii. dooje padaa dey natije vajon 60 toon 90 pratishat dee alcohol samaggari dey naal antam aaswan hunda haii. ih aam taur utte valiam (abv) jaan 66 toon 100 saboot duaara 33 pratishat atey 50 pratishat alcohol dey vichkaar petli hundi haii. puurii aaswan prakiriaa 24 ghantiaan dey ander puurii hoow jaandi haii. narial dee airak dey vakkh-vakkh mishran processing witch vakkh hoow jaande hunn, firr vee kaddhe gaye spirt noon kaccha, vaar-vaar distill jaan filter keeta jaa sakda haii, jaan suaad, rung atey khushbu deeaan zaruratan dey adhaar teey 15 saal takk pakkan laee waps halmila wets witch tabdil keeta jaa sakda haii. airak dey premium mishran koee horr samaggari naheen jodade, jadon kii saste atey aam mishran noon bottle witch paunh toon pahilan nirpakh spirtan naal milaiaa jaanda haii. ziaadaatar lock suaad noon samaan dassde hunn...viski atey rumm vichkaar ikk mishran, "ikko samein samaan, parr vakkhra haii. narial dee airak ravaiti taur utte aapne aap jaan adrak beear dey naal khapat keeti jaandi haii, joe srilanka witch ikk prasidh sodda haii. iss noon rumm jaan viski dey lodinde hissiaan dey badal vajon coctail witch vee milaiaa jaa sakda haii. airak noon aksar colla, sodda paanee atey nimbu dey rus varge prasidh miksaran naal jodiaa jaanda haii. utpadan deeaan kisman srilanka witch alcohol atey drugg soochna kendra dee 2008 dee report dey anusar, airak deeaan kisman hann nirmata. srilanka dey sabh toon vadde nirmata, joe uhanan dey 2007 dey salana utpadan dey adhaar teey kram witch suchibadh hunn, hann sealon airak, srilankan narial airak daa ikk brand, haal hii witch 2010 witch yuke witch lanch keeta giaa see. ih france atey germany witch vee upalbadh haii. chitte shher vee. aiss. ou. aii. neey jaldi hii amriki baazaar witch pravesh keeta. cent helena. itihasak taur utte cent helena tapu utte araik ikk aam peenn vaala padarath riha haii, joe aaluaan toon kattiaa jaanda haii. ih sambhav taur utte east india company dey prabhav caarn haii, jiss neey cent helena noon niyantrit keeta atey iss noon bharat atey england dey vichkaar addhe raste dey roop witch vartiaa. sweden atey finland. sweden atey finland witch, batavia-airak noon itihasak taur utte horr samaggariaan naal milaiaa giaa haii taan joe swedish pansh (hunn pahilan toon paek keetiaan botlan witch upalbadh) banaiaa jaa sake. alcohol dee matra aam taur utte 25 pratishat toon vaddh naheen hundi, halanki iss witch lagbhag 30 pratishat dee ucch khand dee matra hundi haii. mool vianjan paanee, khand, nimbu atey chaah atey/jaan masale (mukkh taur 'teey jaifal) dey naal araik daa mishran see. ajj pansh noon peele split mutter dey soop dey naal garam peeta jaanda haii, jaan raat dey khaane toon baad kaufi dey naal peenn dey roop witch thanda keeta jaanda haii (khaskar vidiaarthi deshan witch raat dey khaane deeaan partiaan dauran). iss dee varton kaee kisman deeaan pestariaan atey mathiaaiaan witch vee suaad vajon keeti jaandi haii. arak naam ajey vee kujh pestariaan laee barkarar rakkhiaa giaa haii, udaharan vajon "arakasbol", jadon kii pansh dee varton "panshrule" vargiaan cheezan laee keeti jaandi haii. finland witch, airak (jaan rumm) aam taur utte finland dey ravaiti pestariaan, runiberg torts banaun witch ikk samaggari vajon kamm karda haii. shabdawali. ih shabad arabi shabad "arak" (arak, "arak") toon liaa giaa haii, jisda arth haii "aaswan". purbi mediterian witch, shabad "arak" aam taur utte angur toon kaddhi gaee atey anees naal suaad vaali sharab laee vartiaa jaanda haii. arak dey ulat, kujh maaharan duaara arak shabad noon "arak nutt" toon liaa giaa manniaa giaa haii, joe kii bharat witch arak dey rukkh toon utpan ikk paam beej haii atey arak deeaan kaee kisman dey adhaar vajon vartiaa jaanda haii. 1838 witch, sharab dey itihaas utte semual morewood daa kamm prakashit keeta giaa see. arak dey vishe utte, usne kihaau

arrak arrack iti samanyataha bhaarate, shrilankadeshe, dakshinapoorva-asiadeshe cha utpaadyamaanam, narikelapushpanam athavaa ikshuhu kinvita-rasaat, dhanyena (udaa.jii. raktatantuh) athavaa phalaani muladeshasya aadhaaren. kadaachit asya uccharanam arak iti bhavati, athavaa kevalam 'raak athavaa' raak iti nirdishyate. arak athavaa arak iti namna namna khyaaten anees-swaadeh asutatmakena saha asya bhramah maa bhavet. bharatasya anekeshu bhaageshu arak-nagaram bhashayam "deshee daaru" iti namna prasidham asti. arak ityasya praathamikashailyaah dwau stah ye parasparm atyantam bhinnau stah-"batavia arak" ityasya varnaha praayah spashtah bhavati, parantu tasya swaadah dark ramm ityanena sadrushah bhavati, yasyaah vishishtah "phank" athavaa "hoga" iti kinvita-rakta-tandulaat deeyate. "selan araak" iti, tadviruddham, adhikaparishuddham sukshmam cha aatmaa asti. asmin kognak tathaa ramm-paatrasya sanketah asti, sukshma-pushpa-svaranam cha sampadah asti. dwayoh shailyaah nirmaanam api sthaniya-naagarikaih "gruhaat" bhavati, teshaam prastuteekarane chandraprakaashasy sadrusham bhavitum arhati. itihaasah. strabo ityasya prativedanaani santi yat bharatiyaha tandulaat ekam peyam nirmame yat arak iti namna prasidhah asti. araak iteedam "nutanalokasya" sarvanam atmanam poorvam asti, yatah eshah aguardiente ityasya (yah, tatsarupena, ramm, ramm agricol, rone ityetayoho pitruhu aasit) pitru asti. genois-vyaapaarinah kenari-dweepeshu swa-ikshu-utpadanasya upotpaadaroopen aatmaanam krutavantah. shakkarasy utpaadanam atirichya, te swa grahakanam vardhamanasoochyam ayatam kartum naa tu arak-ityasya utpaadanam krutavantah. anyaani praarambhikaani arak-shilaah shleshma-jalaat cha aasavanam akurvan, raktatantu-sasya-padarthanam shushka-cakes-ityetaan upayujya yaam yeast-anyaani cha kavakaani santi, yena kinvanaprakriyaa pravartate (eshaa paddhatihi cheenadeshe sahasravarshapoorvam dnyaatum shakyate, api cha aasavanasya janmapoorvam api). saa. sha. poo. 800 tame varshe bhaarate asya aasavanam api abhavat iti kathyate, parantu yadaa paam-vain, kinvita-ikshu-peyam cha asmin kaale eva nirmitaani aasan, tadaa aupachaarika-aasavanam abhavat iti naa sarve manyante. asia-deshaat bahihi, bhaarateey-madyapa-pancha ityasya prasarasya samanya-ghatakah spirit aasit, visheshatah halyand-sweeden-deshayoho lokapriyah aasit. america-mahadvipe, nyoo sweeden-deshasya, nyoo netherland-deshasya cha upanivesheshu, etat prathamam aasuta-aatmaa aasit, parantu adhunaa praayah samanyena, tatsadrushena cha varnanena, anees-swaadeh spirit-araak ityanena saha bhramitah asti. yathaarth-utpattih kimapi naa bhavet, sampoorne asiadeshe poorva-bhumadhyasagare cha utpadyamananam bahusankhyakaanaam asambandhitaanaam, aasuta-madyasya prateekaroopen arak-pradesha abhavat. 14 shataabdyaam sampoorne madhyapoorvadishi aasavan-gyaanasya prasaarah asya mukhyakaaranah asti. pratyekam deshah swakeeyam madyasya naam, tasmin samaye aasavanasya paryaayaroopen prayuktasya samanashabdasya vividhaanaam lattin-varnamaalaanaam rupanam upayogena ("arak, arakaa, arakee, arikee, arak, arak, rak, rak, rak, rak, rak") akarot. 1864 tame varshe aangl-australian-pakakala-pustake aarak-ityasya varnanam "east indies-deshasya aadhyaatmik-madyam" iti krutam. ayam shabdah, athavaa tasya bhrashtacharaha, raak, poorvadishi kasyaapi aadhyaatmik-madyasya krute prayujyate. asyaam arak ityasya aasavanam narikelapushpasya "tody" iti kinvitarasaat bhavati iti kathyate. parantu, praayah tandulaat, shakkaraat cha aasavanam, koko-nutt-rasena saha kinvanam bhavati." vividhadesheshu arrak. bharatam. 1996 tame varshe keral-raajye, 2007 julai-masasya 1 dinaanke karnaatak-raajye cha araak-nagaram nishiddham. indonesia (batavia-araak). indonesia-deshe eva, araak ityasya varnanaay "araak" iti padam adyaapi vyaapakaroopen upayujyate. arak (athavaa tandula-madyam) vasaahatuvike kaale lokapriyam madyapaanakam aasit. etat indonesia-deshasya "ramm" iti manyate yatah ramm-ityanena sadrusham ikshu-sasyaat aasavanam bhavati. eshah adyaapi aasavanapaatrah asti. kinvanam aarabhayitum, sthaniya-kinvita-rakta-tandula-dhaanyam sthaniya-yeast-yuktena saha samyuktam bhavati yena aasavanasya vishishtah swaadah gandhah cha bhavati. praayah asya aasavanam bhavati. 70 pratishatam e. bee. vee. ramm-ityanena sadrusham batavia-araak praayah bhinnanam mulanam parcels-ityetaanaam mishranam asti. indonesia-deshasya deerghatama-sthapita-araak-kampaneeshu anyatama batavia-araak-kampanee (dutch-deshasya "batavia-aark matshopies") asti, yaa 1872 tamavarshaat poorvamev vyaapaare aasit, 1901 tame varshe seemita-daayitva-kampanee abhavat, 1950 tamasya dashakasy aarambhe api karyam kurvatee aasit. batavia-araak-kampanee api netherlands-desham araak-niryaatam krutavatee, amsterdam-nagare tasya karyalayaha aasit. batavia-araak-kampanee ityanena nirmitaani kaanichan araak-brand ityete key. doubleu. tea. (puraatane jakartayaha baandengan (kaampung-baaru) kshetre nirmitaani) o. jii. ell. cha aasan. uttar-europe-deshe dakshina-asiadeshe cha adyaapi samanyataha upalabhyamanah batavia-arak-pradesham samyuktarajyamerikadesha praaptum kathinah bhavet. "batavia-araak vyaan oston" iti sadyah eva upalabhyamanam brand asti. batavia-araak ityasya swaadah vardhate iti kathyate yadaa anyeshu utpaadeshu, yathaa pasteries (yathaa finnish rooneberg tort athavaa dresdner stollen), athavaa mishtaann-svaada-udyogeshu ghatakarupena upayujyate. asya upayogah moolikaasu tiktaasu cha madyapaasu, madyapaasu panch-madhye (yathaa punsch, regent-panch, rayal-panch, blaak tea-port-milk-panch) cha bhavati. panch ityasmin asya upayogah praarambhik-amerikiya-bartender-jeree-thaamas ityanena ullekhitah aasit-"asmin deshe aamadaaneekrutasy adhikaamshah arak-bhaagah tandulaat aasutitah bhavati, bataviyat cha aagacchati. amerikaadeshe svaada-panch ityetam vihaay asya upayogah atyalpah bhavati; asya mishrane asya swaadah ateeva anukoolah asti. vayaha vardhate chet arak ityasya vruddhihi bahu bhavati. bharatasya keshuchit bhaageshu asya upayogah bahu bhavati, yatra naarikelavrukshasya rasaat te aasavanam bhavati. indonesia-deshe, araak-ityasya nirmanam praayah chandraprakaashasy ruparupena bhavati. mithanol vishaaktataa. methanol yuktah indoneshiyan-arak-pradesha methanol vishaaktataayaah karanat sthaniyanam paryatakanam cha mrutyum janayati. baalee-samaaje araak-ityasya samajika-saamskrutika-mahattvapoorna-bhumika asti, yatra praayah jalam draveebhavati, mitraihi saha saha saha vibhaajyate, dhaarmik-samarohayoho samaye alpa-matrayam peeyate cha. parantu, paryatanasy vruddhyaa, alpamulya madyasya aavashyakatayaa, madyasya aayaat-karasya, niyamanam cha vruddhyaa, arak-nagaram baar-madhye bahunam mishra-peyanam krute vikalpa-bhaawah abhavat. arak-utpadanasya lokapriyataayaah cha vruddhyaa methanol-vishaaktataayaah karanat adhikaani mrutaah iti soochitam. arak-ityasya vikrayanam praayah krushnavipanyaam bhavati, niyama-viheenam, yatra kadaachit arak-ityasya balavardhanaartham methanol-ityasya samyojanam bhavati. philipines-deshe. philipino-bhashayaha ekaha shabdah samanyataha aasuta-alkohalayukta-peyanam krute "alak" iti asti, yah arabik-shabdat "araak" iti vyutpannah asti. arak" iti padam yadyapi ilokaano ityasmin visheshatayaa upayujyate. te taati-rasaat (visheshatah narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-narikel-naar paaramparikaroopen aasavan-yukteshu deshiyeshu madyeshu lambanog, laxoy cha santi, ye taati-pushpaihi nirmeeyante. rabaarpyaap-sadrushaani venu-paatraani krutvaa rasasya utpaadanam bhavati, tatah "tub-" iti laghu-madyayukta-narikel-tody ityasya utpadanartham pakam vaa kinvitam vaa bhavati. tubaa" iti, yat svayameva lokapriyam peyam api asti, tatt lambanog (athavaa laxoy, yadi nipaa paam-saap ityanena nirmitam bhavati) utpaadayitum adhikam aasavanam asti. italian-anweshakah antonio pigaafettaa ityeshah avadat yat 1521 tame varshe palaavan-nagare samipastha-dweepeshu cha saha yat arak-paaniyam peeyat, tatt aasuta-tandula-madyaat nirmitam iti. parantu saha praayah "pangasee" iti tandula-madyasya vishaye ullekham akarot, yat naa aasavanam asti. shrilanka (selan-araak). shrilanka-raajyam narikel-arak ityasya bruhattamah utpaadakah asti, 1992 tamavarshaparyantam tasya utpaadane sarvakaarena mahattvapoornam paatram avahat. jalam vihaay, sampoornam utpadanaprakriya ekaa ghatakm, narikel-taati-pushpasya ("cocos nyusiferaa") naa udghaatitapushpasya rasasya kinvanam vaa aasavanam cha paritah paribhramati. pratidinam praatahkaale, tody-tapers iti namna prasidhaah purushaah naarikelavrukshasya uparibhaageshu, samyojinam doranam upayogena gacchanti, naa tu tatrope-ityetaih bhinnam. ekam vruksham pratidinam dwau leater yaavat yogadam daatum shaknoti. tasya sandra-shakkarasy, yeast-amshasya cha karanat, gruheeta-dravam praakrutikaroopen tatkshanameva cha "tody", "tuvaak", athavaa kadaachit "paam-vain" iti laghu-madyarasa-peye kinvanam karoti. sangrahasya katipayeshu ghantaasu eva, tech athavaa beriyaa-cordifolia ityasya kaashtaat nirmitam "vaash-backs" iti namna prasidham bruhadaakaarasya kaashta-whats-madhye tody nikshiptam bhavati. yaavat madyasya matra 5-7% yaavat naa aagacchati, aasavanaartham siddhah iti naa manyate, taavat yaavat vaash-backs madhye praakrutika-kinvana-prakriya anuvartate. aasavanam samanyataya dwistareeyaprakriyaa asti yasmin paatra-chitraani, nirantar-chitraani, athavaa dwayoh samyojanasya vaa samaaveshah bhavati. prathamapadartha "low-vain" iti dravam bhavati, yasmin 20 taha 40 pratishatam madyasya matra bhavati. dvitiyapadaarthaa 60 taha 90 pratishatam madyarasayuktam antima-aasavanam bhavati. etat samanyataya parimanasya (e. bee. vee.) athavaa 66 taha 100 pramanasya aadhaaren 33 pratishatatah 50 pratishataparyantam madyarasam iti patitam bhavati. sampoornam asavanaprakriya 24 ghantaabhyantare samaapyate. narikel-arak ityasya vividha-mishranaah prakriyayam vibhedyante, tathaapi nishkarshitaah spirit-padaarthaah api kacchaa, pade pade aasavan-vaa shodhanam vaa, athavaa 15 varshaparyantam paripakwataayai punah halmilla-waits-madhye parivartya vikreeyante, swaadah, varnaha, sugandhasya aavashyakataah cha avalambya. arak ityasya utkrushta-mishraneshu anyaani samagrini naa yojyante, parantu shastaah samanyaha cha mishranaah batling-poorvam neutral-spirit-ityanena saha mishritaah bhavanti. adhikaamshaah janaah asya swaadam samaanam iti varnayanti...viskee tathaa ramm ityetayoho madhye mishranm "samaanam, parantu samasamaye vishishtatayaa bhinnam. narikel-arak paramparaagataroopen svayameva vaa shreelankaadeshasy lokapriyen sodaya saha athavaa adoor-bear ityanena saha sevyate. ramm athavaa viskee ityasya avashyakabhaganam vikalparupena etat coctail-madhye api mishritam bhavet. cola, sodaa-jalam, nimbah-rasaha ityadini lokapriy-mishrakaih saha praayah arak-mishranm bhavati. utpadanaprakaraha. shrilankadeshe madyasya vishaye madya-aushadha-suchana-kendrasya 2008 tamavarshasya prativedanasya anusaaram arak-prakaraha santi. utpaadakaah. shrilanka-deshasya bruhattamaah utpaadakaah, 2007 tame varshe aarak ityasya vaarshikasya utpadanasya aadhaaren kramarupena soochitaah santi - shrilankan-narikel-arak ityasya brand-selan-arak iti samprati 2010 tame varshe yoo. key. deshe aarabhyat. france-germany-deshayoho api etat upalabhyte. shwetasinhah vee. ess. o. e. sheeghramev amerikaadeshasy vipanyaam pravishtah. sent helenaa. aitihaasikadrushtyaa sent helenaa-dweepe arrack iteedam samanyam peyam vartate, yat aalukaih asutitam bhavati. sambhawatah east india-kampanee ityasya prabhaawen etat jaatam, yaa sent helenaa ityetam niyantreetavatee, bhaarat-england-deshayoho madhye ardhabinduhu iti cha upayujyate sma. sweeden-deshah finn-land-deshah cha. sweeden-deshe finn-deshe cha aitihaasikadrushtyaa batavia-araak iteedam swedish-punsk ityasya (adhunaa poorva-package-baatalishu upalabhyamanah) nirmanartham anyaih saamagreebhih saha mishritam asti. madyasya matra samanyataya 25 pratishataat adhikam naa bhavati, yadyapi atra praayah 30 pratishatam adhika-sharkaraa-matra bhavati. mool-paakakrutihi jalena, shakkaraya, nimburasayaa, chayaya tathaa/athavaa sugandhadravyaih (mukhyataya jaayafalam) saha arak ityasya mishranm aasit. adyatve pansh-nagaram peeta-vibhajita-mutter-soop ityasya sangatah ushnarupena, athavaa bhojananantaram kaafee-sahitam sheetalaroopen (visheshatah chaatra-raashtreshu bhojan-utsaveshu) peeyate. etat anekaprakaareshu pasteries-madhye, madhurapadaarthah cha swaadaroopen api upayujyate. arak iti naam adyaapi keshuchit pasteries krute rakshitam asti, yathaa "araksbol", parantu panssh ityasya upayogah "pansrul" ityadinam vastoonaam krute bhavati. finlyaand-deshe, arrack (athavaa ramm) samanyataya finnish-paaramparika-pasteries-madhye ekam, roonberg-torts-ityasya nirmaane anyatamah ghatakah bhavati. vyutpattih. ayam shabdah arabik-shabdat "arak" (arak, "arak") ityatah vyutpannah, yasya arthah "aasavanam" iti. poorva-bhumadhyasagare "arak" iti padam samanyataya draakshebhyah aasuta-madyasya, sompi-gandhasya cha krute upayujyate. arak-ityasya vipareetam, arak-iti padam kechan visheshadnyaih "arak-nutt" ityatah vyutpannam iti manyante, yat bhaarate arak-vrukshaat udbhootam, arak-ityasya anekaprakaranam aadhaararoopen cha upayujyate. 1838 tame varshe, madyasya itihaasavishaye syaamuyel morwood ityasya krutihi prakashita. arrak iti vishaye saha avadat -

araak araak enbathu india, ilangkai mattrum thenkizhakku aasiyaavil podhuvaaga urpaththi seiyappadum oru vadikattiya alkahal paanamaagum, idhu thengaai malarkal allathu karumbin pulikkavaikkappatta saarilirunthu thayaarikkappadukirathu, maelum thaaniyaththudan (uuu.jii. sivappu arisi) allathu pazham enbathu adhan thoattram irukkum naattaip porutthu irukkum. idhu sila nerangalil araak endru uchcharikkappadukirathu, allathu verumanae 'raek allathu' raek endru kurippidappadugiradhu. idhu araak allathu araak enappadum anis suvai konda vadikattiya aaviyudan kuzhappamadaiyakkoodaathu. inthiyaavin pala pakuthikalil arrack paechchu vaarththaiyil "thaesi thaaru" endru azhaikkappadukirathu. irandu muthanmai paanigal ullana, avai ondrukkondru migavum vaerupattavai "pattavia araak" perumpaalum niraththil thelivaaga ullathu, aanaal irunda ruum poantra oru suvai suyavivaratthaik kondullathu, pulikkavaikkappatta sivappu arisiyilirunthu oru thaniththuvamaana "funk" allathu "hoogoo" vazhangkappadukirathu. "idharku maaraaga, "sealon araak" migavum suththikarikkappatta mattrum nutpamaana aavi. idhu kagnag mattrum ruum thanmai pattriya kurippugal mattrum menmaiyaana malar kurippugalin selvaththaik kondullathu. irandu paanigalum ulloor kudimakkalaal "veettil" thayaarikkappadugindrana, maelum avattrin vilakkakkaatchiyil sandhira olikku oththathaaga irukkalaam. varalaaru. arak endru azhaikkappadum arisiyilirunthu inththiyargal oru bhaanaththai thayaariththathaaga strabo arikkaikal therivikkindrana. araak anaitthu "puthiya ulaga" aavikalukkum munthaiyathu, aenenil idhu aguardient (idhu ruum, ruum agricol mattrum raanin pettroar). marabanu vanikarkal cannery theevugalil thangal karumbu urpaththiyin thunaip porulaaka inththa aaviyai uruvaakkinar. sarkkarai thayaarippathaith thavira, avarkal valarnthu varum vaadikkaiyaalargalin pattiyalukkaaga adhai irakkumathi seivatharkup pathilaaka arak urpaththi seithanar. pira aarambagaala arraakkugal vellam mattrum thanneerilirunthu vadikattappattana, sivappu arisi mattrum thaavaraviyal ularntha kekkugalaip payanpaduththi eest mattrum pira poonchaikalaik kondu nothiththal seyalmuraiyaith thoondugindrana (inththa nutpaththai aayirakkanakkaana aandugalukku munbae seenaavil kanalaam mattrum vadiththal pirappatharku munbae kooda). idhu kimu 800 ill inthiyaavil vadikattappattathaagak koorappadugiradhu, aanaal panai oyin mattrum pulikkavaikkappatta karumbu paanangkal inththa kaalakattathil thayaarikkappattaalum, muraiyaana vadikattuthal nadanthu varuvathaaka anaivarum nambavillai. aasiyaavirku veliyae, inthiya madhu panjch perukkaththil sprit oru podhuvaana moolapporulaaga irunththathu, maelum idhu kurippaaga haaland mattrum sweedenil pirabalamaaga irunththathu. idhu kanda americavilum, puthiya sweeden mattrum puthiya netherlandin kaalanigalilum nugarappatta muthal vadikattiya aavi, aanaal ippoathu perumpaalum migavum podhuvaana mattrum oththa ezhuththuppizhai anis-suvai konda aavi araak udan kuzhappamadaigiradhu. sariyaana thoattraththaip porutpaduththaamal, araak asea mattrum kilakku matthiya tharaikkadal muzhuvathum urpaththi seiyappadum perumpaalum thodarpillaatha, vadikattiya aalkahaalgalin ennikkaiyai adaiyaalappaduththiyullathu. 14aam noottraandil matthiya kilakku muzhuvathum vadikattuthal arivu perugiyathae idharkuk kaaranam. ovvoru naadum antha neraththil vadikattuthalukku oththathaaga irunththa oray vaarthaiyin palvaeru latheen ezhuththukkal vadivangkalaip payanpaduththi adhan sontha alkahal peyarkalai vaithana ("araak, araak, araak, araak, araak, araak, araak, raak, raak, raak, raak, raak, raak"). 1864 aam aandu aangkila mattrum australian samaiyal puththagam araakkai "kizhakkindhiyargalidamirundhi vantha oru avikkuriya madhubaanam" endru vivariththathu. inththa soll, allathu adhan oozhal, raak, kilakkil ulla endhavoru aanmeega mathupaanaththirkum payanpaduththappadukirathu. unmaiyana arak thengaai malarin pulikkavaikkappatta saaru "doddy" ilirunththu vadikattappattathaagak koorappadugiradhu. iruppinum, idhu perumpaalum arisi mattrum sarkkaraiyilirunthu vadikattappattu, kokkoa-nutt saarudan pulikkavaikkappadukirathu." palvaeru naadugalil arak. india. 1996ill keralaa maanilaththilum, 2007 juulai 1aam thaethi karnaadagaavilum araak thadai seiyappattathu. indonesia (pattavia-araak). inthoanaesiyaavilaeyae, araak endra soll innum araakkai vivarikka paravalaagap payanpaduththappadukirathu. araak (allathu arisi oyin) kaalanitthuva sagaapthaththil pirabalamaana madhu paanamaaka irunththathu. ruum poantra karumbilirunthu vadikattappaduvathaal idhu inththoanaesiyaavin "ruum" endru karudhappadugiradhu. idhu innum vadikattappadum paanai. pulikkavaipaith thodanga, ulloor pulikkavaikkappatta sivappu arisi ulloor eestudan inaikappattu vadikattiyin thaniththuvamaana suvaiyaiyum vaasanaiyaiyum alikkirathu. idhu thoaraayamaaga vadikattappadukirathu. 70 sathaveetham aepivi. ruum poalavae, padavia-araak perumpaalum vevvaeru asal pothikalin kalavaiyaagum. inththoanaesiyaavil miga neenda kaalamaaga niruvapatta araak niruvanangalil ondru pattavia araak niruvanam (duchu "pattavia-aark matchappij") aagum, idhu aerkanavae 1872 aam aandil vanigaththil irunththathu, 1901 aam aandil oru varaiyarukappatta poruppu niruvanamaaga maariyathu, maelum 1950 kalin murpaguthiyil innum seyalpaattil irunththathu. pattavia araak niruvanamum netharlaanthukku araakkai aetrtrumathi seithathu mattrum amsterdamil oru aluvalagaththaik kondirundhadhu. pattavia araak niruvanatthaal thayaarikkappatta sila araak brand kuvat (pazhaiya jagaarththaavin pandengan (kambung paaru) paguthiyil thayaarikkappattathu) mattrum oakl aagum. vadakku iropa mattrum therku aasiyaavil innum podhuvaagak kidaikkum, pattavia-araak americavil kidaippadhu kadinam. "pattavia-araak vaan oostan" enbathu miga sameepaththil kidaikkakoodiya brand aagum. paestrikal (finnish runeberg doord allathu treastner stolan poantravai) allathu mittaai mattrum suvai thozhirchaalaigalil pira thayaarippukalil oru kooraagap payanpaduththumpoathu padavia-araak suvaiyai maempaduththuvathaagak koorappadugiradhu. idhu mooligai mattrum kasappaana mathupaanangkalilum, madhubaana kuththugalilum (panjch, regent panjch, raayal panjch mattrum pilaak dii-poart paal panjch poantravai) oru angkamaagavum payanpaduththappadukirathu. panjil adhan payanpaattai aarambagaala america madhukkadigaarar jerri thamas kuripittaar "inththa naattirku irakkumathi seiyappadum ambuchattaiyin perumbaguthi arisiyilirunthu vadikattappadukirathu, maelum idhu pattaaviyaavilirunthu varukirathu. idhu americavil suvai panjch thavira kuraivaagavae payanpaduththappadukirathu; inththa kalavaiyil adhan suvai migavum virumbaththakkathu. vayathaakumpoathu araak migavum maempadugirathu. idhu inthiyaavin sila pakuthikalil adhigam payanpaduththappadukirathu, angku idhu thengaai maraththin saaru, daadiyilirunthu vadikattappadukirathu. inththoanaesiyaavil, araak perumpaalum sandhira oliyin oru vadivamaaga uruvaakkappadugirathu. methanol visham. methanol konda inthoanaesiya araak methanol nachuththanmaiyaal ulloor mattrum suttrulaap payanigalin irappai aerpaduththiyullathu. baalii samoogaththil araak samooga mattrum kalaachaara reethiyaaga mukiya pangku vagikkirathu, angku adhu perumpaalum thanneeril neerththup pagirappadukirathu, nanbarkaludan pagirnthu kollappadugiradhu allathu madha vizhaakkalin poathu siriya alavil kudikkappadugiradhu. iruppinum, suttrulaavin valarchi, malivaana alkahal thaevai mattrum alkahal irakkumathi varigal mattrum ozhungkumuraigal athikariththathaal, arak paarkalil pala kalappu paanangkalukku viruppamaana manappaanmaiyaaga maariyathu. araak urpaththi mattrum pirabalaththin valarchchiyudan, methanol nachuththanmaiyaal athigamaana irappukal pathivaakiyullana. arak podhuvaaga karuppu santhaiyil virkappadukirathu, endha ozhungkumuraiyum illaamal, angku methanol sila nerangalil arakkai valuppaduththa saerkkappadukirathu. philippines. podhuvaaga vadikattiya mattrum padhappaduththappadaatha mathupaanangkalukkaana philipino soll "alak" aagum, idhu arabu vaarthaiyaana "araak" enbathilirunthu perappattathu. iruppinum, "araak" endra soll kurippaaga iloaganoavil payanpaduththappadukirathu. avai panai saaru (kurippaaga thengaai, niba panai allathu kawang panai), karumbu allathu arisiyilirunthu perappadalaam. paarambariyamaaga vadikattappadum poorveega alkahal lambanok mattrum laxoy aagiyavai adangkum, avai panai malarkalin saattril irunthu thayaarikkappadugindrana. rubber thattuthal poantra moongkil saemippuk karuvigalaaga saaru aruvadai seiyappadugirathu, pinnar samaikappattu allathu pulikkavaiththu "tuup" endru azhaikkappadum laesaana alkahal thengaai taattiyai urpaththi seikirathu. duba", idhu oru pirabalamaana paanamaagavum ullathu, maelum lambanok (allathu laxoy, niba panai saarilirunthu thayaarikkappattaal) urpaththi seiya vadikattappadukirathu. itaaliya aaraaychchiyaalaraana antonio bigafeta, 1521 aam aandil palavaan mattrum arugilulla theevugalil avar kudittha ambu vadikattiya arisi madhuvilirunthu thayaarikkappattathu endru koorinaar. iruppinum, avar "bangasi" endra arisi mathuvaik kurippiduvadhaaga irukkalaam, idhu vadikattappadavillai. ilangkai (sealon-araak). thengaai arakkugalil ilangkai migapperiya urpaththiyaalaraaka ullathu, 1992 varai adhan urpaththiyil arasaangkam kurippidatthakka pangaik kondirundhadhu. thanneeraith thavira, muzhu urpaththi seyalmuraiyum oru moolapporulin nothiththal mattrum vadikattuthalaich suttri varukirathu, idhu oru thengaai panai ("cocos newsifera") ilirunththu thirakkappadaatha pookkalin saaru. ovvoru kaalaiyilum vidiyarkaalaiyil, doddy dapergal endru azhaikkappadum aangal thengaai marangkalin uchigalukku idaiyil inaikkum kayirugalaip payanpaduththi nagarkiraargal, irukkamaana thottikalaip poalalla. oru maram oru naalaikku irandu litter varai bangalikkalaam. adhan serivoottappatta sarkkarai mattrum eest ulladakkam kaaranamaaga, kaipattrappatta tiravam iyarkaiyaagavum udanadiyaagavum "doddy", "duvak" allathu eppoathaavathu "panai oyin" endru azhaikkappadum laesaana alkahal paanamaaka pulikkirathu. sekarikkappatta sila manii nerangalukkul, theekku allathu perria cardibolia maraththilirunthu thayaarikkappadum "vaash bakes" endru azhaikkappadum periya maraa vaatskalil doddy uutrtrappadukirathu. alkahal ulladakkam 5-7% aii adainthu vadikattuthalukku thayaaraaga iruppathaagak karudhappadum varai iyarkai nothiththal seyalmurai kazhuvudhalil thodara anumathikkappadukirathu. vadikattuthal enbathu podhuvaaga paanai stills, thodarchchiyaana stills allathu irandin kalavaiyai ulladakkiya irandu puddy seyalmuraiyaagum. muthal puddy "kuraindha oyin", 20 muthal 40 sathaveetham varai alkahal ulladakkam konda thiravatthai vilaivikkirathu. irandaavathu puddy 60 muthal 90 sathaveetham alkahal ulladakkaththudan iruthi vadikattuthalukku vazhivagukkirathu. idhu podhuvaaga 33 sathaveetham muthal 50 sathaveetham alkahal alavu (aepivi) allathu 66 muthal 100 aathaaram varai neerththappadukirathu. muzhu vadikattuthal seyalmuraiyum 24 manii neeraththirkul mudikkappadugirathu. thengaai adukkin palvaeru kalavaigal padhappaduththuthalil vaerupadugindrana, iruppinum priththedukkappatta sprit moolamaagavum, meendum meendum vadikattappatta allathu vadikattappattathaagavum virkappadalaam allathu suvai, niram mattrum narumanath thevaikalaip porutthu 15 aandugal varai muthirchchiyadaiyum vagaiyil meendum halmilla vaatskalukku maattrappadalaam. arakkin premium kalavaigal vaeru endha porutkalaiyum serkkavillai, athae neraththil malivaana mattrum podhuvaana kalavaigal paattil poaduvatharku munbu nadunilai aavikaludan kalakkappadugindrana. perumpaalaana makkal suvaiyai oththathaaga vivarikkiraargal "...viskikkum ramkkum idaiyilaana kalavai, "oththa, aanaal oray neraththil thaniththuvamaaga vaerupattathu. thengaai arak paarambariyamaaga thaanaagavo allathu ilangkaiyil pirabalamaana soadaavaana injchi peerudan utkollappadugirathu. ruum allathu viskyin thevaiyaana pakuthikalukku maattraaka idhu kaakteylgalil kalakkappadalaam. koolaa, soadaa neer mattrum elumichchai saaru poantra pirabalamaana kalappikaludan araak perumpaalum inaikkappadukirathu. urpaththi vagaikal. ilangkaiyil alkahal mattrum poathaipporul thagaval maiyaththin 2008 aam aandu arikkaiyinpadi, arakin vagaikal pinvarumaaru thayaarippaalarkal. ilangkaiyin migapperiya urpaththiyaalargal, 2007 aam aandu araak urpaththiyin adippadaiyil varisaiyil pattiyalidappattavargal ilangkai thengaai arakkin piraandaana sealon arrack, sameepaththil 2010 aam aandil englaanththil thodangappattathu. idhu brance mattrum germanyilum kidaikkirathu. vellai singham sowa viraivil america santhaiyil nuzhainthathu. saint helina. varalaattru reethiyaaga arrack enbathu saint helina theevil urulaikkizhangkilirunthu vadikattappatta oru podhuvaana paanamaaka irunthu varukirathu. saint helinaavaik kattuppadutthi inthiyaavirkum englaanththukkum idaiyilaana paathiyilaeyae payanpaduththiya kizhakkindhiya niruvanaththin thaakkangkal idharkuk kaaranamaaga irukkalaam. sweeden mattrum finlandhu. sweeden mattrum finlandil, padavia-araak varalaattru reethiyaaga sweedish bansh (ippoathu munkoottiyae bakej seiyappatta paattilkalil kidaikkirathu) thayaarippatharkaaga pira porutkaludan kalakkappattullathu. alkahal ulladakkam podhuvaaga 25 sathaveethaththirku mael irukkaathu, iruppinum idhu kittatthatta 30 sathaveetham adhiga sarkkarai ulladakkaththaik kondullathu. asal samaiyal thanneer, sarkkarai, elumichchai mattrum theneer mattrum/allathu masalab porutkaludan (mukkiyamaaga jathikai) arak kalavaiyaaga irunththathu. intru bansh manjal pilavu pattani suup udan saernthu soodaaga kudikkappadugiradhu, allathu kaapi udan iravu unavukkup piragu paanamaaka kulirvikkappadugiradhu (kurippaaga maanavar naadugalil iravu virunththugalin poathu). idhu pala vagaiyaana paestrikal mattrum inippugalilum suvaiyaaga payanpaduththappadukirathu. sila paestrigalukku araak endra peyar innum thakkavaikkappattullathu, eduththukkaattaaga "araxpol", athae neraththil bansh "banscrul" poantra vishayangkalukku payanpaduththappadukirathu. finlandil, araak (allathu ruum) podhuvaaga finnish paarambariya paestrikalil ontraana runberg siththiravathaigalai thayaarippathil oru porulaaka seyalpadugirathu. sorpirappiyal. inththa soll arabu vaarthaiyaana 'arak' (arak, 'araak') enbathilirunthu perappattathu, idhan porul 'vadikattuthal' enbathaakum. kilakku maththiyatharaik kadalil, "araak" endra soll podhuvaaga thiraatchaiyilirunthu vadikattappatta mattrum soambu suvai konda mathuvukkup payanpaduththappadukirathu. araak poalallaamal, araak endra soll sila nipunarkalaal "arekha nutt" enbathilirunthu perappattathaakak karudhappadugiradhu, idhu inthiyaavil arekha maraththilirunthu thoantriya panai vithaiyaagum, maelum pala vagaiyaana araakkugalukku adippadaiyaaga payanpaduththappadukirathu. 1838 aam aandil, mathupaanangkalin varalaarugal kuriththa saamuvel moarvuttin padaippugal veliyidappattana. araak endra thalaippil avar koorinaar

arrack arrack anedi saadhaaranamgaa bharatadesam, srilanka mariyu agneyasialo utpatti cheyabade swedana madya paaneeyam, idhi kobbari puvvulu ledhaa cheraku puliyabettina rasamtho mariyu dhaanyamtho (udhaa.zii. erra biyyam) ledhaa muulam unna deshaanni batti pandlu. dheenini konnisaarlu arak anie pilustaaru, ledhaa kevalam 'rock ledhaa' rock anie pilustaaru. dheenini arak ledhaa arak anie piluvabade sompu-ruchi gala swedana aatmatho ayomayam chendakudadu. bharatadesamloni aneka praantaallo araknu vyavaharikamgaa "deshee daaru" anie pilustaaru. okadaanikokati chaalaa bhinnamgaa unde rendu praathamika sailulu unnaih "batavia araak" tarachugaa rangulo spashtamgaa untundi, conny muduru rumm maadirigaane ruchi profilenu kaligi untundi, puliyabettina erra biyyam nundi vilakshanhamaina "funk" ledhaa "hogo" andinchabadutundi. "dheeniki viruddhamgaa, "silan araak" anedi marinta suddhi cheyabadina mariyu suukshmamaina aatma. idhi kagnak mariyu rumm paatrala suuchanalu mariyu sunnitamaina puula notla sampadanu kaligi undhi. rendu sailulanu sthaanika pourulu intlone tayaaru chestaaru mariyu vaati pradarsanalo chandruni prakaasamtoe marinta poolika untundi. charitra. bhaaratheeyulu arak anie piluvabade biyyam nundi oka paaneeyaanni tayaaru chesaarani strabo nivedinchindi. araak anni "kotta prapancha" aatmalaku mundu undhi, endukante idhi aguardientku (idhi, rumm, rumm agricol mariyu raan yokka parent) parent. genois vyaapaarulu connery dheevulalo tama cheraku utpattiki upa utpattigaa eee aatmanu tayaaru chesaaru. vaaru chakkeranu tayaaru cheyadamtho paatu, tama perugutunna viniyogadaarula jabita kosam digumati chesukovadaniki badulugaa arak nuu utpatti chesaaru. itara prarambha arraaklanu molasses mariyu neeti nundi swedanam chesaaru, erra biyyam mariyu eest mariyu itara sileendhraalanu kaligi unna botanicals yokka endina keklanu upayoginchi puliyabettadam prakriyanu prerepinchaaru (eee saanketikatanu vaela samvatsaraala kritam chainaku gurtinchavacchu mariyu swedanam puttukaku mundhe kooda). idhi kristupurvam 800 loe bhaaratadesamlo swedanam cheyabadindani kooda cheppabadindi, ayithe eee kaalamlo thaati wine mariyu puliyabettina cheraku paaneeyaalu tayaaru cheyabadutunnappatiki, adhikaarika swedanam jarugutondani andaruu nammaru. asea velupala, bharatiya madya punch vistaranalo spirit oka saadhaarana padaardham, mariyu mukhyamgaa halland mariyu sweedanlalo prachuryam pondindi. idhi khandantara USloe, nyuu sweeden mariyu nyuu netherland kaalaneelalo viniyoginchina modati swedana aatma, conny ippudu ekkuvagaa marinta saadhaarana mariyu saruupyamgaa vraayabadina sompu-ruchigala aatma arak thoo ayomayam chendutondi. khachitamaina muulamtoe sambandham lekunda, asea mariyu thoorpu madhyadhara antataa utpatti cheyabadina ekkuvagaa sambandham laeni, swedana madyaala samuuhaanni arrack suuchistumdi. 14va sataabdamloo madhyaprachyam antataa swedana parignaanam vistarinchadam dheeniki kaaranam. aaa samayamlo svaedanaku paryaayapadamgaa unna oke padaaniki chendina vividha latin varnamaala roopaalanu upayoginchadam dwara prati desham thana sonta madyaaniki paeru pettindi ("araak, araca, araki, ariki, araak, araak, raaki, rock, rock, rock, rock"). 1864loe aangla mariyu australian vantala pustakam araaknu "thoorpu bhaarata deshaalaku chendina aadhyaatmika madyam" gaa abhivarninchindi. eee padam, ledhaa daani avineeti, rock, thoorpuna unna edainaa aadhyaatmika madyaaniki vartinchabadutundi. nijamaina arak kobbari puvvu yokka puliyabettina rasam ayina "toddy" nundi swedanam cheyabadindani chebutaaru. ayithe, dheenini tarachugaa biyyam mariyu chakkera nundi swedanam chesi, coco-ginja rasamtho puliyabettutaaru." vividha deshaalalo arak. bharatadesam. 1996loe kerala rashtraallo arak, 2007 juulai 1naa karnataka rashtraallo nishedhinchabadindi. indonesia (batavia-araak). indoneshiyaalone, araaknu vivarinchadaaniki "araak" anae padaanni ippatikee vistrutamgaa upayogistaaru. arak (ledhaa biyyam wine) valasarajyala kaalamlo oka prasiddha madya paaneeyam. idhi indoneshiyaaku chendina "rumm" gaa pariganinchabadutundi, endukante rumm maadirigaane, idhi cheraku nundi swedanam cheyabadutundi. idhi ippatikee swedanam chese kunda. puliyabettadam praarambhinchadaaniki, sthaanika puliyabettina erra biyyam sthaanika eesttho kalipi swedanam yokka pratyaekamaina ruchi mariyu vasananu istundi. idhi sumaruga swedanam cheyabadutundi. 70 saatam abv. rumm maadirigaane, batavia-araak tarachugaa vividha asalu potlala misramam. indoneshiyaalo sudeerghakaalam sthaapinchabadina araak companylalo okati batavia araak company (dutch "batavia-aark matshopies"), idhi 1872 natiki appatike vyaparamlo undhi, 1901loe parimita baadhyata samsthagaa maarindi, inca 1950la praarambhamlo panichestondi. batavia araak company netherlandsku araaknu kooda egumati chesindi mariyu amsterdamlo oka karyalayanni kaligi undhi. batavia araak company utpatti chesina konni araak brandlu kdablyuti (paatha jakaartaalooni bandengan (compung baaru) praantamloo utpatti cheyabaddaayi) mariyu ogl. ippatikee uttara airopa mariyu dakshina asealo saadhaaranamgaa labhinche batavia-araak united stateslo dorakadam kashtam. "batavia-araak vaan oosten" anedi iteevala andubaatulo unna brand. batevia-araak paestreelu (finnish roonberg tort ledhaa dressedner stollen vantivi) ledhaa mitaayilu mariyu ruchi parisramalalo itara utpattulalo bhaagamgaa upayoginchinappudu ruchini penchutundani chebutaaru. dheenini mulika mariyu chedhu madyaalalo mariyu madyapu guddulalo (pamsh, regent punch, raayal punch mariyu block tii-port milk punch vantivi) oka bhaagamgaa upayogistaaru. punch loe daani upayogam prarambha american bartender jerrie thamus chetha gurtinchabadindih "eee desamloki digumati chesukunna arak loe ekkuva bhaagam biyyam nundi swedanam cheyabadutundi, mariyu batavia nundi vastundi. idhi americalo ruchini punch cheyadam tappa chaalaa takkuvagaa upayoginchabadutundi; eee mishramamlo dheeni ruchi chaalaa anukuulamgaa untundi. arrack vayassutho chaalaa merugupadutundi. dheenini bharatadesamloni konni praantaalalo ekkuvagaa upayogistaaru, ikkada dheenini kobbari chettu yokka rasam ayina tuddy nundi swedanam chestaaru. indoneshiyaalo, araak tarachugaa chandruni kaanti yokka oka roopamgaa srushtinchabadutundi. mithanol vishaprayogam. mithanol kaligina indonesia arak mithanol vishapuuritam kaaranamgaa sthaanika mariyu paryaatakula maranaalaku kaaranamaindi. baali samaajamlo araak samajikamga mariyu saamskrutikamgaa mukhyamaina paatra poeshistumdi, ikkada idhi tarachugaa neetitho paluchana cheyabadutundi, snehitulato panchukoobadutundi ledhaa mataparamaina vedukala samayamlo takkuva parimaanamlo traagabadutundi. ayithe, paryatakam peragadam, choukaina madyam avasaram, madyam digumati pannulu mariyu nibandhanala perugudalato, arak baarlalo aneka mishrama paaneeyaalaku empika chese sphuurtigaa maarindi. arak utpatti mariyu prajaadarana peragadamtho, mithanol vishaprayogam valla ekkuva maranaalu sambhavinchaayi. arak saadhaaranamgaa nalla marketlo, niyantrana lekunda vikrayinchabadutundi, ikkada arak nuu balopetam cheyadaaniki konnisaarlu mithanol jodinchabadutundi. phillippeans. saadhaaranamgaa swedana mariyu tolaginchani madya paaneeyaalaku philipino padam "alak", idhi arabic padam "araak" nundi udbhavinchindi. ayithe, "araak" anae padaanni ilokanolo pratyaekamgaa upayogistaaru. veetini thaati rasamu (mukhyamgaa kobbari, nipa thaati ledhaa kaung thaati), cheraku ledhaa biyyam nundi pondavacchu. saampradayakamgaa swedanam cheyabadina sthaanika madyamlo lambanog mariyu laxoy unnaayi, ivi thaati puvvula rasamtho tayaaru cheyabadataayi. eee rasaanni rabbaru tapping maadirigaane veduru bhandagaraluga pandistaaru, taruvaata "tub" anie piluvabade telikapati alcoholic kobbari taddiini utpatti cheyadaaniki vandutaaru ledhaa puliyabettutaaru. tuba", idhi kooda oka prasiddha paaneeyam, lambanog (ledhaa laxoy, nipa thaati rasamtho tayaaru cheyabadithe) utpatti cheyadaaniki marinta swedanam cheyabadutundi. italian anveshakudu, antonio pigafetta, 1521loe palavan mariyu sameepamloni dveepaalalo taanu taagina arak swedana biyyam wine nundi tayaaru cheyabadindani paerkonnaadu. ayithe, athanu bahusha "pangasi" anae biyyam wine gurinchi prastaavistuu undavacchu, idhi swedanam cheyabadadu. srilanka (seylan-araak). kobbari arak yokka atipedda utpattidaaru srilanka, mariyu 1992 varaku daani utpattilo prabhutvam mukhyamaina paatra pooshinchindi. neeru kakunda, mottam tayari prakriya kobbari thaati ("cocos neusifera") nundi teravani puvvula rasamaina oke padaardham yokka puliyabettadam mariyu swedanam chuttoo tirugutundi. prati udayam tellavaarujaamuna, toddy tapperlu anie piluvabade purushulu biguvaina daarula maadirigaa kakunda connecting taadulanu upayoginchi kobbari chetla paibhagala madhya kadulutaaru. oka chettu rojuku rendu liitarla varaku dohadam cheyavachu. daani saandrata chakkera mariyu eest content kaaranamgaa, sangrahinchina dravam sahajamgaa mariyu ventane "toddy", "tuwak" ledhaa appudappudu "paam wine" anie piluvabade telikapati madya paaneeyamga puliyabettutundi. sekarana tarvaata konni gantallone, teku ledhaa berria cardifolia chekkatho tayaaru chesina "wash backs" anie piluvabade pedda chekka vaatlalo taddiini poestaaru. alkahal content 5-7% kuu cherukune varaku mariyu swedanam kosam siddhamgaa unnatlu bhaavinche varaku sahaja puliyabettadam prakriya washbacklalo konasaagadaaniki anumatinchabadutundi. swedanam anedi saadhaaranamgaa rendu-dasala prakriya, indulo pott stills, nirantara stills ledhaa rendinti kalayika untundi. modati dasha phalitamgaa "takkuva wine" vastundi, idhi 20 mariyu 40 saatam madhya alkahal content kaligina dravam. rendava dasha phalitamgaa 60 nundi 90 saatam alkahal kantentto tudi swedanam jarugutundi. idhi saadhaaranamgaa valume (eah. bii. vii) ledhaa 66 nundi 100 proof dwara 33 saatam mariyu 50 saatam madyaaniki paluchana cheyabadutundi. mottam swedana prakriya 24 gantallo puurtavutumdi. kobbari arak yokka vividha misramaalu prosessinglo vibhedistaayi, ayinappatikee velikiteesina spiritnu mudi, padepade swedanam ledhaa filter chesi vikrayinchavacchu ledhaa ruchi, rangu mariyu suvasana avasaralanu batti 15 samvatsaraala varaku paripakvam chendadaaniki tirigi halmilla vaatlaloki badilee cheyavachu. arak yokka premium misramaalu itara padaarthaalanu jodinchavu, ayithe chavakaina mariyu saadhaarana misramaalu bottling mundu tatastha spiritlatho kalapabadataayi. chaalaa mandhi eee ruchini pooli unnatlu varnistaaru "...wiskey mariyu rumm madhya misramam, "oke samayamlo pooli untundi, conny vibhinnamgaa untundi. kobbari arak saampradayakamgaa swayamgaa ledhaa srilankalo prasiddha soda ayina allam beertho viniyoginchabadutundi. rumm ledhaa wiskey yokka avasaramaina bhagalaku pratyamnaayamgaa dheenini cactails loe kooda kalapavacchu. arak tarachugaa cola, soda water mariyu nimmarasam vanti prasiddha mixerlatho kalapabadutundi. utpatti rakalu. srilankalo madyampai alkahal und drugg information center yokka 2008 nivedika prakaram, arak rakaalu nirmaatalu. srilanka yokka atipedda tayaareedaarulu, vaari 2007 vaarshika arak utpatti aadhaaramgaa kramamlo jabita cheyabaddaaru, avih srilanka kobbari arak brand ayina selan arak, iteevala 2010loe UKloe praarambhinchabadindi. idhi france mariyu germanylalo kooda andubaatulo undhi. white layan voya ventane american marketloki pravesinchindi. seyint helena. chaaritraatmakamgaa seyint helena dveepamlo arrack anedi bangaalaadumpala nundi swedanam cheyabadina oka saadhaarana paaneeyam. seyint helenanu niyantrinchi, bharatadesam mariyu ingland madhya sagam binduvugaa upayoginchina eest india company prabhaavaala kaaranamgaa idhi jarigi undavacchu. sweeden mariyu finland. sweeden mariyu finlandlalo, swedish pamsh (ippudu mundugaa pyaak chesina seesaalalo andubaatulo undhi) tayaaru cheyadaaniki batavia-araak chaaritraatmakamgaa itara padaarthaalatho kalapabadindi. madyam loe chakkera content daadaapu 30 saatam ekkuvagaa unnappatikee, saadhaaranamgaa 25 saataaniki minchi undadu. asalu vantakam neeru, chakkera, nimma mariyu tii mariyu/ledhaa sugandha dravyaalu (pradhanamgaa jajikaya) thoo arak misramam. nedu pansh nuu pasupu split bathaanee suupku thodugaa vecchagaa traagutaaru, ledhaa kaafeetho paatu (mukhyamgaa vidyaarthi deshaalalo vindu paarteela samayamlo) vindu tarvaata paaneeyamga challabarustaaru. dheenini aneka rakaala rottelu mariyu sweetlalo kooda ruchigaa upayogistaaru. arak anae paeru ippatikee konni rottelaku konasaagutundi, udaaharanaku "arraxbole", ayithe pansh "panshsrul" vanti vatiki upayogistaaru. finlandlo, arrack (ledhaa rumm) saadhaaranamgaa finnish saampradaaya rottelalo okataina roonberg tortes tayaareeloo oka padaarthamgaa panichestundi. vyutpatti. eee padam arabic padam "arak" (arak, "araak") nundi udbhavinchindi, dheeni ardham "swedanam". thoorpu madhyadharaalo, "arak" anae padaanni saadhaaranamgaa draksha nundi swedanam chesi, sompu ruchini kaligina madyaaniki upayogistaaru. arak maadirigaa kakunda, arak anae padaanni kontamandi nipunulu "arak nutt" nundi udbhavinchinatlu bhaavinchaaru, idhi bhaaratadesamlo arak chettu nundi udbhavinchina thaati vittanam mariyu aneka rakaala arak laku aadhaaramgaa upayoginchabadutundi. 1838loe, madyaala charitralapai shamyul morwood rachana prachurinchabadindi. araak anae amsampai ayana ilaa annaru

airak airak eek aasteen shadah alkahal mashrub hay juu aam toor parr hindustan saree lankaa aur janub mashriqi aishya mein tayaar kiyaa jaataa hay juu naril kay phulon yaa gunay kay khameer shadah russ say banaya jaataa hay aur anaaj kay saath bhee (misaal kay toor parr.jee. sarkh chawal) yaa phal asl milk kay lahaaz say. asay baaz auqaat ark likhaa jaataa hay yaa sarf 'reek yaa' reek kahaa jaataa hay. asay anees kay zaiqah waali aasteen waali rooh kay saath aljhan mein nahein daalna chahiye jasay araak yaa araak kahaa jaataa hay. hindustan kay behat say hasoon mein araak kuu boul chaal mein "desi daaro" kay naam say jaana jaataa hay. aark kay duu bunyadi andaaz haine juu eek dosray say behat mukhtalif haine: "batavia aark" aksar rung mein waazah hotaa hay leakin iss kaa zaiqah khaakah daark rumm say ziyadah milta jaltaa hay jiss mein eek makhsus "funk" yaa "hogo" khameer shadah sarkh chawal say diyaa jaataa hay. "seelon airak"yee iss kay barakas eek ziyadah behatar aur lateef rooh hay. iss mein kognek aur rumm kay kirdaar kay asharay aur naazik phulon kay nott kii dolat hay. donon andaaz maqami shahriyon kay zariah "gahar mein" bhee banaye jaatay haine aur inn kii paishkash mein chaand kii chamak say ziyadah mashabahat how sakti hay. tareekh. strabo kii report kay mutabiq hindustaniyon nay chawal say eek mashrub banaya jasay araak kahaa jaataa hay. airak tamaam "nayee duniya" kii rohon say pehley kii baath hay keunkah yaha agwardente (juu badlay mein rumm rumm agricol aur rune kaa waldeen thaa) kaa waldeen hay. genois tajiron nay spirt kuu cannery jazair mein apnee gunay kii paidawar kii zamni paidawar kay toor parr banaya. cheeni bananay kay alawah inhon nay apnay saarfin kii badhti hoyee fehrist kay liye asay daraamad karnay kay bajaye araak tayaar kiyaa. deegar ibtadayi teer kuu sheghe aur paani say aasteen kiyaa jaataa thaa sarkh chawal aur nibatati maadon kay khashak keek kaa istemaal kartay hoay jinn mein khameer aur deegar fangi hotay haine taakah khameer kay amal kuu mutharik kiyaa jaa sakay (iss taknik kaa patah hazaaron saal pehley cheen mein lagaya jaa saktaa hay aur yahaan takk kahh iss kii paidaish say pehley bhee). yaha bhee daawi kiyaa jaataa hay kahh asay hindustan mein 800 qabal maseeh mein aasteen kiyaa gayaa thaa leakin jabb kahh paam wine aur khameer shadah gunay kay mashrubaat iss arsey kay aas paas banaye jaa rahay thay sabb kaa khayaal nahein hay kahh rasmi aasteen how rahee thee. aishya say baahar yaha rooh hindustani alkahal pinch kay phailao mein eek aam jazoo thee aur khaas toor parr holland aur sweaden mein maqbool thee. yaha barazmi america mein neo sweaden aur neo netherland kii kaluniyon mein istemaal honay waali pehli aasteen shadah rooh thee leakin abb ziyadah tarr aam aur asee tarah kay hajay waalay anees kay zaiqah waalay rooh araak kay saath aljhan mein hay. eyen asl say qataa nazar airak puray aishya aur mashriqi bahirah room mein paida honay waali bury hadd takk ghair mutaliqah aasteen shadah alkahal kii eek bury taadad kii alaamat bunn gayaa hay. yaha bury hadd takk 14 wein sadee kay doraan puray mashriq wastee mein aasteen kay alam kay phailao kii wajah say hay. harr milk nay eek hyee lafz kii mukhtalif laatini haroof tehji kii shaklon kaa istemaal kartay hoay sharaab kaa naam rakhaa juu iss waqat aasteen kay mutradif thaa ("araak araak araak areek araak araak raak raak raak reek raak"). 1864 angrezi aur austrailvi bawarchi khaaney kii kitaab mein airak kuu "mashriqi hindustan kii eek rohani sharaab" kay toor parr biyaan kiyaa gayaa hay. yaha astalaah yaa iss kii badanwani reek mashriq mein kasee bhee rohani sharaab parr laago hoti hay. kahaa jaataa hay kahh aslee teer "tudy"yee naril kay phul kay khameer shadah russ say aasteen kiyaa jaataa hay. tahim asay aksar chawal aur cheeni say aasteen kiyaa jaataa hay koko-nutt kay russ kay saath khameer kiyaa jaataa hay." mukhtalif mamalik mein araak. bhaarat. 1996 mein kiralah kii riyasaton mein aur 1 jolayi 2007 kuu karnatik mein araak parr pabandi aayed kii gayee thee. indoneshia (batioya-araak). indoneshia kay andar hyee "araak" kii astalah abb bhee baday paimanay parr araak kuu biyaan karnay kay liye istemaal hoti hay. araak (yaa chawal kii sharaab) nawabadiyati door mein eek maqbool alkahal mashrub thaa. asay indoneshia kaa "rumm" samjha jaataa hay keunkah rumm kii tarah asay gunay say aasteen kiyaa jaataa hay. yaha abb bhee aasteen kaa bartan hay. khameer sharoo karnay kay liyay maqami khameer shadah sarkh chawal kuu maqami khameer kay saath milaya jaataa hay taakah aasteen kaa eek manfard zaiqah aur bow milay. asay taqriba aasteen kiyaa jaataa hay. 70 vovo aey bee wee. rumm kii tarah batavia-airak aksar mukhtalif asl parcel kaa markab hotaa hay. indoneshia mein sabb say taweel arsey takk qayem honay waali airak companiyon mein say eek batavia airak company (dich "batavia-aark motschipage") hay juu 1872 takk pehley hyee karobar mein thee 1901 mein eek mahdud zamah daari waali company bunn gayee aur abb bhee 1950 kii dahayi kay awail mein kaam kirr rahee thee. batavia araak company nay netherlands kuu araak bhee baraamad kiyaa aur amsterdam mein iss kaa eek daftar thaa. batavia araak company kay zariah tayaar kardah kachh airak braand kay dabliyo tye (paraaney jakarta kay bendingan (compong baaro) elaqay mein tayaar kiyaa gayaa) aur ogal thay. abb bhee aam toor parr shamali europ aur janubi aishya mein dastiyaab batavia-araak riyasathaye muthadah mein talaash karnaa mashkal how saktaa hay. "batavia-airak ween osten" eek haal hyee mein dastiyaab braand hay. kahaa jaataa hay kahh batavia-airak zaiqah kuu badhata hay jabb asay deegar masnuaat jeesay pestry (jeesay funsh runberg tort yaa dresdner stolen)yee yaa mithayi aur zaiqah kii sanaaton mein jazoo kay toor parr istemaal kiyaa jaataa hay. yaha jadee botiyon aur talkh sharaab mein aur alkahal kay makay mein eek jazoo kay toor parr istemaal hotaa hay (jeesay pansh, regent makay shaahi makay aur bleek tye port dodh kay makay). pinch mein iss kay istemaal kuu ibtadayi americi bartender jairi thamas nay nott kiyaa thaa: "iss milk mein daraamad kii jaanay waali ziyadah tarr teer chawal say aasteen kii jaati hay aur batavia say aatee hay. yaha america mein zaiqah pinch kay elawah behat kumm istemaal hotaa hay vovo iss markab mein iss kaa zaiqah behat pasand aataa hay. airak amar kay saath behat behatar hotaa hay. yaha hindustan kay kachh hasoon mein behat ziyadah istemaal hotaa hay jehaan asay naril kay darkhat kay russ tuddy say aasteen kiyaa jaataa hay. indoneshia mein airak aksar chaand kii chamak kii eek shakal kay toor parr banaya jaataa hay. methanol zahar. methanol parr mushtamil indoneshiyayi araak methanol kay zahrile honay say maqami aur seyaah donon kii moth kaa sabab banaa hay. araak baali kay muashiray mein samaji aur saqafati toor parr aham kirdaar adaa kartaa hay jehaan asay aksar paani say patla kiyaa jaataa hay doston kay saath baanta jaataa hay yaa mazhabi taqribaat kay doraan thodi maqdar mein piyaa jaataa hay. tahim seyahat kii tarqi sastee sharaab kii zarurat aur sharaab daraamad kay tekson aur zuabit mein izaafe kay saath aark baar mein behat say makhlut mashrubaat kay liye pasand kaa jazbah bunn gayaa. araak kii paidawar aur maqboliyat mein izaafe kay saath methanol zahar aalud honay say mazeed amwaat kii atlaa milly. araak aam toor parr bleek market mein baghair kasee zabtay kay farokhat kiyaa jaataa hay jehaan baaz auqaat araak kuu mazboot bananay kay liye methanol shaamil kiyaa jaataa hay. filpine. aam toor parr aasteen aur ghair distal shadah alkahal mashrubaat kay liye eek filpino astalah "alk" hay juu arbee lafz "arq" say makhuz hay. astalah "araak"yee tahim khaas toor parr ilocano mein istemaal hoti hay. wah khajoor kay russ (khaas toor parr naaril nip khajoor yaa kawing khajoor)yee gunay yaa chawal say haasil kiye jaa saktay haine. rawayati toor parr aasteen shadah maqami alkahal mein lambanog aur luxwai shaamil haine juu khajoor kay phulon kay russ say banaye jaatay haine. russ kuu rabad kii tapping kii tarah baans kay recipacticals mein kaataa jaataa hay phir halki alkahal naril kii tudy tayaar karnay kay liye pakaya yaa khameer kiyaa jaataa hay jasay "tubb" kahaa jaataa hay. toba"yee juu apnay aap mein eek maqbool mashrub bhee hay kuu mazeed aasteen kiyaa jaataa hay taakah lambanog (yaa luxwai agar nip khajoor kay russ say banaya jaaye) tayaar kiyaa jaa sakay. atalvi explorer antonio pagfeta nay kahaa kahh wah teer juu iss nay 1521 mein plone aur qareebi jazair mein piyaa thaa wah aasteen shadah chawal kii sharaab say banaya gayaa thaa. tahim wah mamkanah toor parr "pangsi" kaa hawalah day rahay thay juu chawal kii sharaab hay jasay aasteen nahein kiyaa jaataa hay. saree lankaa (seelon-araak). saree lankaa naril kii chutney kaa sabb say badaa paida kanandah hay aur 1992 takk hukumat nay iss kii paidawar mein aham kirdaar adaa kiyaa. paani kay alawah menofecturing kaa poraa amal eek jazoo naril kay khajoor ("cocos neocifera") say ghair khalay phulon kaa russ kay khameer aur aasteen kay gird ghomta hay. harr sabah taloo aaftaab kay waqat tuddy tappers kay naam say jaanay jaanay waalay mard naril kay darkhaton kii chootiyon kay darmiyan jadee hoyee rasiyon kaa istemaal kartay hoay chaltay haine naha kahh tung trop kay barakas. eek darkhat rozanah duu latter takk kaa hasah ddaal saktaa hay. iss kii martakaz cheeni aur khameer kay mawaad kii wajah say pakda hawaa maaye qadarti toor parr aur fouri toor parr halkay alkahal mashrub mein khameer kartaa hay jasay "tudy"yee "tawaak"yee yaa kabhi kabhaar "paam wine" kahaa jaataa hay. jamaa karnay kay chand ghanton kay andar tuddy kuu lakdi kay baday vits mein daala jaataa hay jasay "waash beek" kahaa jaataa hay juu sagwan yaa beriya cordifolia kii lakdi say banaya jaataa hay. qadarti khameer kay amal kuu waash beks mein iss waqat takk jaari rakhnay kii ajazat hay jabb takk kahh alkahal kaa mawaad 5-7% takk naha pahunch jaaye aur asay aasteen kay liye tayaar naha samjha jaaye. aasteen kaaree aam toor parr duu marahil parr mushtamil amal hay jiss mein yaa tuu bartan kii stulz muslisil stulz yaa donon kaa majmuah shaamil hotaa hay. pehley marhalay kay natijay mein "kumm sharaab"yee eek maaye jiss mein alkahal kaa mawaad 20 aur 40 faisad kay darmiyan hotaa hay. dosray marhalay kay natijay mein 60 say 90 faisad alkahal kay mawaad kay saath hatmi distilt hotaa hay. yaha aam toor parr hajm (aey bee wee) yaa 66 say 100 sabut kay lahaaz say 33 vovo aur 50 vovo alkahal kay darmiyan patla kiyaa jaataa hay. aasteen kaa poraa amal 24 ghanton kay andar makmal how jaataa hay. naril kii chataan kay mukhtalif markab processing mein mukhtalif hotay haine phir bhee nikalay gayey spirt kuu khaam baar baar aasteen yaa filter kiyaa jaa saktaa hay yaa zaiqah rung aur khushbo kii zaruriyat kay lahaaz say 15 saal takk pakhtah honay kay liye halmila vits mein waps muntaqil kiyaa jaa saktaa hay. airak kay premium markab mein koyee aur ajzaa shaamil nahein hotay haine jabkah sastay aur aam markab kuu botal say pehley ghair janibdar spirt kay saath milaya jaataa hay. ziyadah tarr loag zaiqah kuu mamasil qaraar deetay haine. ..wahaski aur rumm kay darmiyan eek markab "eek hyee waqat mein yaksaan leakin alg alg. naril kii chutney rawayati toor parr khood yaa adrak kii bayer kay saath khayee jaati hay juu saree lankaa mein eek maqbool sodda hay. asay rumm yaa wahaski kay matlubah hasoon kay muthbadil kay toor parr kaak tail mein bhee milaya jaa saktaa hay. airak kuu aksar kolaa sodda waater aur chonay kay russ jeesay maqbool maksarz kay saath milaya jaataa hay. paidawar kii aqsaam. alkahal aur manshiyaat kay information center kii 2008 kii report kay mutabiq saree lankaa mein alkahal kay baaray mein airak kii aqsaam yaha haine: producer. saree lankaa kay sabb say baday menofecturers juu inn kii 2007 kii salanah paidawar kii bunyaad parr tartib mein darj haine yaha haine: saree lankaa kay naril kay aark kaa eek braand seelon aark haal hyee mein 2010 mein bartaniah mein laanch kiyaa gayaa thaa. yaha france aur germani mein bhee dastiyaab hay. safed sheer wee aiss awo aey jald hyee americi market mein daakhil hawaa. sent helina. tarikhi toor parr sent helina kay jazeeray parr airak eek aam mashrub rehaa hay juu aalo say aasteen kiyaa jaataa hay. yaha mamkanah toor parr aist indiya company kay asraat kii wajah say hay jiss nay sent helina kuu control kiyaa aur asay hindustan aur england kay darmiyan aadhay raastay kay toor parr istemaal kiyaa. sweaden aur funn lend. sweaden aur funn lend mein batavia-araak kuu tarikhi toor parr deegar ajzaa kay saath milaya gayaa hay taakah sweadish pinch (abb pehley say peek shadah botalon mein dastiyaab hay) banaya jaa sakay. alkahal kaa mawaad aam toor parr 25 faisad say ziyadah nahein hotaa hay halankah iss mein taqriba 30 faisad cheeni kaa mawaad ziyadah hotaa hay. asl tarkib paanee cheeni leemon aur chaye aur/yaa masalihon (khaas toor parr jaifil) kay saath aark kaa markab thaa. aaj pinch pailay rung kay mutter kay soop kay saath garm yaa kaafi kay saath raat kay khaaney kay baad kay mashrub kay toor parr thandaa kiyaa jaataa hay (khaas toor parr talbaa kay mamalik mein raat kay khaaney kii partiyon kay doraan). asay kayee qasm kii pestry aur mithaiyon mein bhee zaiqah kay toor parr istemaal kiyaa jaataa hay. ark naam abb bhee kachh pestriyon kay liye barqarar rakhaa gayaa hay misaal kay toor parr "archesbol"yee jabkah pansh "pansharoli" jaisi cheezon kay liye istemaal hotaa hay. funn lend mein airak (yaa rumm) aam toor parr funn lend kii rawayati pestry runberg torts bananay mein eek ajzaa kay toor parr kaam kartaa hay. siftiyat. yaha lafz arbee lafz "araak" (arq "araak") say makhuz hay jiss kaa matlab hay "aasteen". mashriqi bahirah room mein "araak" kii astalah aam toor parr angor say aasteen shadah aur sonaf kay saath zaiqah daar sharaab kay liye istemaal hoti hay. araak kay barakas lafz araak kuu kachh mahireen "aark nutt" say makhuz samajhte haine juu hindustan mein aark kay darkhat say paida honay waala khajoor kaa beej hay aur araak kii behat see aqsaam kii bunyaad kay toor parr istemaal hotaa hay. 1838 mein sharaab kii tareekhon parr simoil morr wode kaa kaam shaye hawaa. araak kay mozua parr inhon nay kahaa:

0001f8080e8cae04b11bd6c52c1fb8d78e4bab3d6d969ad43ae21dcec2b9d646

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=64415490

FVM (disambiguation)

FVM (disambiguation)

ef. bhi. em. (dwyorthota niroxon)

aff. vee. aim. (aspashtata)

eff. vii. emm. (dwandwa nivaarane)

eff. vhee. emm. (dvandva)

aif. bhi. emm. (dwyarthata nirasan)

eff. vee. aimm. (sapshatata)

ef. vee. emm. (dwidhaa)

0001f92cba2252c5ff8e88bb17bcc5847b3b07cbeee4a08f54a35aa50bb38fea

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56908425

Federico Fattori

Federico Fattori Argentine professional footballer Federico Fattori Mouzo (born 22 July 1992) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Huracán, on loan from Ferro Carril Oeste. Career. Fattori's career started in 2013 with Nueva Chicago in Primera B Metropolitana, his career debut versus Deportivo Merlo on 2 November was the first of fourteen appearances during the 2013–14 season which Nueva Chicago ended as champions. He scored his first goal in Primera B Nacional in October 2014 against Aldosivi. On 29 January 2015, Fattori signed for Newell's Old Boys of the Primera División. Six appearances followed, prior to Fattori returning to Nueva Chicago on loan in January 2016. He remained for two seasons and scored once in fifty-four matches. On 31 July 2017, Fattori rejoined permanently. He scored on his second full-time debut for Nueva Chicago on 17 September, in a 1–1 draw with Independiente Rivadavia in Primera B Nacional. Six months after rejoining Nueva Chicago, Fattori left in January 2018 to play for Primera División side Temperley. He made eleven appearances, was sent off in his ninth, as they suffered relegation. He remained with them in the second tier for three more seasons, appearing forty-three times and scoring once; versus Estudiantes on 21 September 2019. On 25 February 2021, Fattori was signed by Primera Nacional counterparts Ferro Carril Oeste. "As of 26 February 2021". Career statistics. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

federiku faturi federiku faturi muju (jonmo 22 july 1992) ejon argentiner pesadari football kheluwoi ji feru keril oyester poraa rino loi hurakanor hoi kendriyo midfielder hisape khele. keriyar. 2013 sonot primera bi metro 'politanat nueva sikagur xoite faturir keriyar aarombho hoisil, 2 novemborot distro' pibhu merlur biruddhe teur keriyar aatmoprokax 2013-14 sijonor xomoyot souddota uposthitir bhitorot prothom aasil jitu nueva sikaguwe champion hisape xomapto korisil. 2014 sonor octobor maahot primera bi nesio "nelot aldusivir biruddhe teu prothomtu go" lo korisil. 2015 sonor 29 januaryt fotturiye newelor primera dibhisonor briddho lo 'raa-suwalir baabe swakhyor korisil. iyar pisot 2016 sonor januaryt fatturiye rino loi nuwebha sikaguloi ubhoti ohaar purbe soikhon uposthiti hoisil. teu dutaa sijonor baabe aasil aaru saare sarikhon khelot ebaar go "lo korisil. 2017 sonor 31 julyte fotturiye punor sthayibhabe jugdan kore. 17 septemborot nueva sikagur hoi dwitiyo xompurno-xomoyor aatmoprokaxot teu primera bi nesio "nelot independente rivadviyar xoite 1-1ror dro" too go "lo korisil. nueva sikagut punor jugdan korar choy maah pisot, fatturiye 2018 sonor januaryt primera dibhison side temporolir hoi kheliboloi guchi yaay. teu egharta uposthiti dekhuwaisil, nowom tarikhe preron koraa hoisil, kiyonu teuluke proityakhyanor xonmukhin hoisil. teu aaru tinita sijonor baabe dwitiyo storot teulukor xoite aasil, teitallixbar uposthito hoisil aaru ebaar sko "ror korisil; 21 septembor 2019-too estudientsor biruddhe. 25 february 2021-too, faturik primera nesnel xomokhyo feru keril oh" este swakhyor korisil.

federico fattori federico fattori mojo (jonmo 22 julai 1992) ekjon argentine peshadar football kheload jini ferro caryl oyester kachh theke dhaar niye hurakaner hoye kendriya modhyomatther kheload hisabe khelen. pesha. fattorir karmajiban 2013 saale primera bii metropolitana nueva shikago diye shuru hoyechilo, 2 navembar deportivo merlo-err biruddhe taar kormojiboner abhishek chhilo 2013-14 morshume chouddoti uposthitir modhye prothom jaa nueva shikago champion hisabe shesh hoyechilo. 2014 saaler octobore aldosivir bipokkhe primera bii nationale tini taanr prothom golti corren. 2015 saaler 29shhey januari, fattori primera dibhishaner neoeler briddho chheleder jonno swakkhar corren. 2016 saaler januaryte rino niye fattori nueva shikagote firey aasaar agey chhoyti uposthiti ghote. tini dui morshum dhorey chhilen ebong chabbish matche ekbar goal korechilen. 2017 saaler 31shhey julai fattori sthayibhabe punra jogdan corren. 17 septembara neweva shikagor hoye dwitiya purnakalin abhishek matche tini primer bii nationale swadhin rivadvier saathe 1-1 gole dra corren. nueva shikagote punra jogdaner chhoy maas porr, fattori 2018 saaler januaryte primera dibhishana side temperlyr hoye khelte choley zaan. tini egaroti uposthiti korechilen, nobom sthane taanke chhede deoa hoyechilo, kaaron taaraa abonotir shicker hoyechilo. tini arow tinti morshumer jonno dwitiya store taader saathe chhilen, teish barr uposthito hoyechilen ebong ekbar score korechilen; 21 septembara 2019-ayee estudianteser biruddhe. 25 february 2021-ayee, fattori primera jatiya somokokkho ferro caryl oste dwara swakkhorito hoyechilo.

federico fattori federico fetori mauzo (janm 22 julai 1992) aek argentine vyaavsaayik footballer chhe, jeey phero caryl oste pasethi loona parr hurakan maate kendreey midfielder tareeke ramey chhe. karkirdi. fattorini karkidrini sharuaat sharuaat primera bii metropolitnaamaa newa shikago saathe thaee hatee, 2 novembernaa roj temnee karkidrini sharuaat viruddh deportivo meralo aee 2013-14 season darmiyan chaud dekhavmathi pratham hatee, jemaa newa shikago champiyan tareeke samaapt thaee hatee. tene october october aldosivi saame primera bii nasonalma potaano pratham goal karyo hato. 29 january january roj, fattori nevelnaa old boys off dhaa primera division maate hastakshar karyaa. january january loona parr fattori newa shikago parat faryaa teey pahelaa chh dekhaav thayaa. teey beey season sudhee rahyo aneey chovis mechomaa aek vakhat goal karyo. 31 julai julai roj, fattori kaayamee dhorane pharii jodaya. temane 17 septembernaa roj newa shikago maate temnee beejee purn-samaynee sharuaat parr, primera bii nacionalma apaksh ravdaviya saathe 1-1 thee dromaa goal karyo hato. newa shikagoma pharii jodavana chh maheena pachhi, fattori january january primera division side temperly maate ramvaa maate ravaana thayaa hataa. temane ageeyar dekhaav karyaa, temne temnaa navmaa divase ravaana karvaamaa aavyaa, kaaran keey temne deshnikaalno saamno karvo padyo hato. teo vadhu trana season maate beeja starmaa temnee saathe rahyaa, teo 43 vakhat dekhaaya aneey aek vakhat sqora karyo; 21 september september roj astudients viruddh. 25 februari februari roj, fattori parr primerana raashtriy samkaksho phero caryl oste dwara hastakshar karvaamaa aavyaa hataa.

federico fattori federico fattori maujo (janm 22 julaai 1992) ack argentine key peshevar footballer hain joe ferro caryl oste seey rinn parr huracan key liye ack kendriya midfielder key roop mein khelate hain. carrier. fattori kaa currier 2013 mein primera bee metropolitan mein neuva shikago key saath shuru huaa, 2 navambar koo nirvaasan merlo key khilaf unakaa currier kii shuruat 2013-14 season key dauran chaudah pradarshanon mein seey pahali thee joe neuva shikago champion key roop mein samaapt hui. unhone octuber 2014 mein aldosivi key khilaf primera bee natial mein apana pahala goal kiya. 29 janwari 2015 koo, fattori ney newell key puraane ladakon key liye primera division parr hastakshar kiye. janwari 2016 mein rinn parr fattori key neuva shikago lautane seey pahale chhah pradarshan hue. vaha dou satron key liye rahey aur pachas-chaar maichon mein ack baar goal kiya. 31 julaai 2017 koo, fatori sthaayi roop seey phir seey shamil hoe gaye. unhone 17 sitambar koo neuva shikago key liye apani doosari purnakaalik shuruat mein, primera bee national mein swatantra rivadavia key saath 1-1 seey drow mein goal kiya. neuva shikago mein phir seey shamil honey key chhah maheene baad, janwari 2018 mein fattori primera divison side temperly key liye khelane key liye ravaana hoe gaye. unhone gyaarah pradarshan kiye, unhein unake nauvein mein bhej diyaa gayaa, kyonki unhein nirvaasan kaa saamana karna padaa. vaha teen aur satron key liye dusare star mein unake saath rahey, chaalees-teen baar dikhaai diye aur ack baar score kiya; banaam astudients 21 sitambar 2019 koo. 25 farwari 2021 koo, fattori koo primera national samkakshon ferro caryl oste dwara hastaaksharit kiya gayaa thaa.

federico fattori federico fattori mojo (janana 22 julai 1992) argenteenaada vruttipara football aatagararagiddu, avaru ferro caryl oste avarinda saala padedu huracon para madhyada midfielder aagi aduttare. vrattijeevana. phattoriyavara vrattijeevanavu 2013ralli primera bii metropolitanadalli neuva chikagodondige praarambhavaayitu, november 2randu desportivo merlo viruddha avara vrattijeevanada chocchala pandyavu neuva chikago champiyan aagi konegonda 2013-14 rtuvinalli hadinaalku pradarshanagalalli modalaneyadaagittu. aata 2014rahra octobernalli aldosivi viruddha primera bii nationalnalli tamma modala golannu galisidaru. 29 janavari 2015 randu, fattori newelln old boys off dhii primera divisionge sahi haakidaru. 2016rahra janavariyalli saalada mele neuva chikagokke maraluva modalu, fattori aaru pandyagalalli kanisikondaru. avaru eradu rtugalalli ulidaru mattu aivattanaalku pandyagalalli omme score maadidaru. 31 julai 2017 randu, fattori shaashvatavaagi matte seridaru. avaru september 17randu neuva chikago para tamma eradane purnaavadhiya chocchala pandyadalli, primera bii nationalnalli independent rivadavia avarondige 1-1 rinda dra saadhisidaru. neuva chikagokke matte serida aaru tingala nantara, fattori 2018rahra janavariyalli primera division side temperligaagi aadalu horatanu. avaru hannondu baari kanisikondaru, ombattaneyalli avarannu gadiparu maadalaayitu. avaru innoo mooru rtugalalli eradane hantadalli avarondige ulidaru, nalavattamuru baari kanisikondaru mattu omme score maadidaru; 21 september 2019 randu estudientes viruddha. 25 phebravari 2021 randu, phattorige primera national counterparts ferro caryl oste sahi haakidaru.

federico fattori federico faattori mouso (jananam 1992 juulai 22) oru arjanteeniyan professional football kalikkaranaanu, addeham ferro kaaril oostteyil ninnu vaaypayeduthu hurakanu vendi central midfielderaayi kalikkunnu. currier. 2013 ll primera bii metropolitaanayile newa chikkaagoyil ninnaan fattoriyude currier aarambhichath, november 2 nuu desportivo merloykkethire nadatthiya currier arangettam newa chikkago chaambyanmaaraayi avasaanicha 2013-14 seasonile pathinaalu malsarangalil aadyathethaanu. 2014 octoberil primera bii naashanalil aldosivikkethire addeham thante aadya goal nedi. 2015 januvari 29 nuu fattori newellinte primera divisionile pazhaya aankuttikalkkayi oppuvachu. 2016 januvariyil vaaypayeduthu fatori newa chikkagoyilekku madangunnathinumumbu aarr malsarangal kalichu. addeham rund seasonukalil thudarukayum anpathinaalu malsarangalil orikkal score cheyyukayum cheythu. 2017 juulai 31nuu fatori veendum sthiramaayi chernnu. septambar 17 nuu newa chikkagoik vendi thante randaamathe muzhuvan samaya arangettatthil addeham goal nedi, primera bii naashanalil indipendantant rivadaviyayumaayi 1-1 nuu samanilayil pirinju. newa chikkaagoyil veendum chernnu aarumaasathinusesham, fattori 2018 januvariyil primera division side temperly kalikkaan pooyi. pathinonnu malsarangal kalicha addeham onpathaam vayassil purathaakkappettathinaal purathaakkappettu. moonnu seasonukal koodi addeham randaam nirayil avarodoppam thudarnnu, naalppathimoonnu thavana prathyakshappedukayum oru thavana score cheyyukayum cheythu; 2019 septambar 21 nuu estudiyantasinethire. 2021 februvari 25 nuu, fattoriye praimera naashanal athiraalikalaaya ferro kaaril oostte oppittu.

federal fattori federico fattori mauzo (janm 22 julai 1992) haah eka argentinacha vyavsayik footballpatu aahe joou ferro caryl ostekadoon karj gheuun huracansathi madhyavarti madhyabhagi khelato. karkird. fattorichya karkirdichi suruvat 2013 madhye primera bii metropolitanamadhye nueva shikagopasun jhaali, 2 november roji nirvasit meralo viruddha tyachya karkirditil padarpan heey 2013-14 hangamatil chauda samnyanpaiki pahile hote, jyat nueva shikago vijeta mhanoon samapt jhaale. aktoobar 2014 madhye aldosiviviruddha tyane primera bii nationalmadhye pahila goal keela. 29 janewari 2015 roji, fattorine nevelchya primera divisionchya junya mulansathi swakshari kelee. janewari 2016 madhye karj gheuun fattori nueva shikagola paratanyapurvi sahaa samne khelale gele. too done hangamat rahila aanee tyane chaughapaiki ekada goal kele. 31 julai 2017 roji fattori kayamswarupi punha sameel jhaale. tyane 17 september roji newa shikagosathi tyachya dusya purnavel padarpanat, primera bii nationalmadhye independent rivadaviyabarobar 1-1 assa barobarit sutoon goal keela. nueva shikagomadhye punha sameel jhalyanantar sahaa mahinyanni, fattori janewari 2018 madhye primera division side temperlisathi khelanyasathi nighun gela. tyane akra samne khelale, tyachya navvya divashi tyala baher kadhanyat aale, kaaran tyanna nirvasana sahan karave lagale. too aanakhi teen hangamansathi dusya shreneet tyanchyasobat rahila, techalis vela disala aanee ekada guna midvila; 21 september 2019 roji estudients viruddha. 25 februwari 2021 roji, fattorivar primera national samkaksh ferro caryl oste yanni swakshari kelee.

federico fattori federico fattori mojo (janma 22 july 1992) ek argentini peshewar footballer hun jasle fero caryl ostebata rinama hurakanka lagi kendriya midfielderko rupma khelchhan. currier. fattoriko currier 2013 maa primera bee metropolitanama nyuwa shikagobata suru bhayo, unko currier debue banam deportivo merlo 2 novemberma 2013-14 sijanko chaudha upasthitiharu madhye pahilo thiyo june nyuwa shikago championko rupma samapta bhayo. unle october 2014 maa aldosivi viruddha primera bee nessionalma afno pahilo goal gare. 29 janawari 2015 maa, fattorile nevelka old keta aff da primera divisionka lagi hastakshar gare. janawari 2016 maa rinama fattori nyuwa sikago farkanuaghi chhawata upasthitiharu pachhyae. uni dui sijanka lagi rahe rar 54 wata khelharuma ek patak goal gare. 31 july 2017 maa, fatori sthayi rupma punah samel bhae. unle 17 septemberma nyuwa sikagoka lagi afno dosro purna-samaya debuema, primera bee nessionalma swatantra riwadawiyasanga 1-1 ko barabarima goal gare. nyuwa sikagoma punah samel bhaeko chha mahinapachhi, fattorile janawari 2018 maa primera division side temperlyka lagi khelna chhode. unle eghar upasthiti banae, unko nawaunma pathaiyo, kinki uniharule nirwasanko samana gare. uni uniharusanga thap tean sijanka lagi dosro tahama rahe, 43 patak dekha pare rar ek patak score gare; 21 september 2019 maa istudients viruddha. 25 february 2021 maa, fattorilai primera national samakaksh fero caryl ostele hastakshar gare.

federico fattory federico fattory mojo (janma 22 july 1992) jane argentiner peshadara football khelali jieki ferro carill ostenka thaaru runa nei hurakan paain kendriah midfielder bhabare khelanti . kyariyara. phattoreenka kyariyara 2013 ray primera bii metropalitanare nuebha chikago sahita arambha hoithila, navember 2 ray tankara kyariyara debyu banam deportiovo merlo 2013-14 sijinare chaudati upasthiti madhyaru pratham thila jaahaa nuebha chikago champion bhabare samapta hoithila . shay october 2014 ray aldosivi bipakhyare primera bii nyasanalare tankara pratham goal karithile. 29 januari 2015 ray, fattori primera divijanara newelnka puruna puamananka paain swakhyara karithile. januari 2016 ray runare fattori nuebha chikago feriba purbaru chhaati pradarshan hoithila. shay duiti rutu paain rahithile ebong chalishati myachare thare score karithile . 31 july 2017 ray, fattori sthajee bhabare joga deithile. shay 17 septembarare nuebha chikago paain tankara dwiteeja purnakalina debyure goal karithile, primera bii nyasanalare swadheena ribhabhadianka saha 1-1 drare. nuebha chikagore punarbara joga debara chhaa maasa parey, fattori januari 2018 ray primera divijan side temperly paain kheliba paain chaligale. shay egarati pradarshan karithile, taanka nabamare pathajaithila, kaaran semane pratyarpanara shikara hoithile . shay aau tinoti rutu paain dwiteeja starare semananka sahita rahithile, teishatti thara upasthita hoithile ebong thare score karithile; 21 september 2019 ray estudiants bipakhyare. 25 februari 2021 ray, fattori primera national pratipakhya ferro carill oste dwara swakhyarita hoithile .

federico fattori federico fattori mauzo (janam 22 julai 1992) ikk argintine peshevar footballer haii joe ferro carrell oste toon karze utte hurakan laee ikk kendri midfielder vajon khedada haii. carrier. fattori daa carrier 2013 witch primera bee metropolitana witch nueva shikago naal shuru hoiaa, 2 navambar noon deportivo merlo virudh uss daa carrier dee shuruat 2013-14 season dauran chaudan peshkariaan vicchon pahili see jiss witch nueva shikago champion vajon khatam hoiaa see. uss neey aktubar 2014 witch aldosivi dey virudh primera bee national witch aapna pahila goal keeta. 29 janwari 2015 noon, fattori neey newell dey purane mundiaan laee primera division laee dastkhat keete. janwari 2016 witch loane utte fattori dee nueva shikago vaapsee toon pahilan chhe pardarshan hoye. uh doou seezanan takk rahey atey 54 maichan witch ikk vaar goal keeta. 31 julai 2017 noon, fatori pakke taur utte dubara shamal hoow gaye. uss neey 17 satambar noon neuva shikago laee aapni duji poore samein dee shuruat witch primera bee national witch aazaad rivadvia naal 1-1 naal daraa witch goal keeta. neuva shikago witch dubara shamal honn dey chhe mahiniaan baad, fatori janwari 2018 witch primera division side temperly laee khedan laee ravana hoow giaa. uss neey giaaran peshkariaan keetiaan, uss noon aapne nauven witch bhej ditta giaa, kiunki unhan noon nirvasana daa sahmana karna piaa. uh tinn horr seezanan laee dooje paddhar witch unhan dey naal riha, 43 vaar dikhai ditta atey ikk vaar goal keeta; 21 satambar 2019 noon astudients dey virudh. 25 farvari 2021 noon, fattori noon primera national hamrutba faero carrell oste duaara dastkhat keete gaye sunn.

federico fattori fedariko fattori mauzo (janma 22 julai 1992) ekaha argentine-deshasya vyaavasaayikah football-kreedakah asti yah ferro-carrill-oste ityatah runam agruhnan hurakan-deshasya krute kendriya-madhya-kreedaakaaratven kreeditavaan. vruttihi. fattori ityasya vruttijeevanam 2013 tame varshe praimeraa bii metropalitana-nagare nyoovaa chikaago-ityanena saha aarabdham, tasya vruttijeevanasya aarambhah versus deportivo merlo-ityanena 2 november dinaanke, 2013-14 creedaa-rutau chaturdashishu pradarshaneshu prathamah aasit, yat nyoovaa chikaago-pratiyogitaa-vijetaaroopen samaapyat. saha 2014 october-maase aldosivi ityasya viruddham praimeraa bii nyaashanal ityasmin kridaayaam prathamam goal krutavaan. 29 janavaree 2015 dinaanke, fattori ityeshah newell ityasya praimeraa division ityasya vruddhabaalakaanaam krute hastaaksharam krutavaan. tadanantaram shut pradarshanani abhavan, tatah poorvam 2016 janavaree-maase fattori runasya aadhaaren nyoovaa chikaago-nagaram pratyagatavan. saha rutudwayam avasare cha, chaturnimshatishu spardhaasu ekavaaram cha golam krutavaan. 31 julai 2017 dinaanke, fatori punah sthayirupena sammilitah. saha 17 september dinaanke nyoovaa chikaago-nagarasya krute dwiteeya-poornakaalik-padaarpane, praimeraa bii-nyaashanal ityasmin independent-rivadavia ityanena saha 1-1 sama-ankasya ankam praptavan. nyoovaa chikaago-nagare punah sammilitam shanmasanantaram, fattori 2018 janavareemaase praimeraa division said temperly-krute kreeditum prasthanam krutavaan. saha ekaadashavaaram upasthitah abhavat, navame dinaanke saha nishkaasitah, yatah te nirvaasanam praapnot. saha teshaam saha dwiteeyastare tisraha rutushu avasareshu eva aasit, chaturnimshat praavashyam drushya ekavaaram score krutavaan; 21 september 2019 dinaanke astudients viruddham. 25 februvari 2021 dinaanke, fattori iti praimeraa-nyaashanal-samakakshaih fero-carrill-oste ityanena hastaaksharitah.

federico fadori federico fadori mousoa (pirappu juulai 22,1992) oru argentina thozhilmurai kaalpandhu veerar aavaar, avar ferro kaeril ooste kadanil hurgaon anikkaaga matthiya mitpeeldaraaga vilaiyaadugiraar. thozhil. fatoriyin vaazhkkai 2013 aam aandil primera pii metropolitanavil newa sikakovudan thodangiyathu, navambar 2 aam thaethi desportivo merlovukku ethiraaga avarathu thozhil vaazhkkai arimugamaanathu 2013-14 season poathu pathinaanku thoattrangalil muthal muraiyaagum, idhu newa sikago saambiyangalaaga mudivadainthathu. avar october 2014 ill altosivicu ethiraaga primera pii national poattiyil thanathu muthal koalai adiththaar. 29 janavari 2015 andru, fadori newellin pazhaiya siruvarkalukkaana muthanmai pirivin kaiyeluththittaar. janavari 2016 ill kadanil newa sikaakoavukkuth thirumbuvatharku munbu, fadori aaru thoattrangalaith thodarnthaar. avar irandu paruvangkalil irunthaar mattrum aimpaththu naanku poattikalil oru murai cole adiththaar. 31 juulai 2017 andru, fatori meendum nirantharamaaga saernthaar. septumber 17 andru newa sikago anikkaaga thanathu irandaavathu mulunaera arimugaththil avar cole adiththaar, primera pii national poattiyil suyechchai ravadaaviyaavudan 1-1 endra cole kanakkil dira seithaar. newa sikakovil meendum inaintha aaru maathangkalukkup piragu, fatori janavari 2018 ill primera division side demberly vilaiyaada purapattaar. avar pathinoru thoattrangalil thoantrinaar, avarathu onbathaavathu vayathil veliyaettrappattaar, aenenil avarkal veliyaettrappattanar. avar maelum moontru paruvangkalukku irandaavathu adukku aniyil avarkaludan irunthaar, naarpaththu moontru murai thoantri oru murai cole adiththaar; 21 septumber 2019 andru estudientesukku ethiraaga. 25 pipravari 2021 andru, fadori primera thaesiya sagaakkalaal ferro kaeril oostae kaiyeluththittaar.

federico fattori federico fattori moujo (jananam 22 juulai 1992) oka argentine professional football kreedaakaarudu, athanu ferro kaaril oste nundi runam meeda huracon kosam central midfielderga aadataadu. vrutti. fattori kereer 2013loe primera bii metropalitanalo newa chikagolo praarambhamaindi, november 2naa athani kereer arangetram verses desportivo merlo, newa chikago champiyanluga mugisina 2013-14 seasonlo padnaalugu pradarsanalalo modatidi. athanu october 2014loe aldosiviki vyatiraekamgaa primera bii national loe thana modati goal saadhinchaadu. 29 janavari 2015naa, fattori newell yokka old boys off dhi primera division kosam santakam chesaaru. janavari 2016loe runampai newa chikagoku tirigi raavadaaniki mundu, fattori aaru pradarsanalu icchaadu. athanu rendu seasonlu konasaginchadu mariyu yaabhai naalugu matchlaku okasari score chesaadu. 31 juulai 2017naa, fattori saasvatamgaa tirigi cheraaru. athanu september 17naa newa chikago tarafuna thana rendava puurti samayam arangetram chesinappudu, primera bii national loe independent rivadaviyaatho 1-1thoo draga nilichaadu. newa chikagolo tirigi cherina aaru nelala taruvaata, fattori primera division side temperly kosam aadataaniki janavari 2018loe bayaludaeraadu. athanu padakondu pradarsanalu icchaadu, tommidava sthaanamlo bahishkaranaku gurainanduna atanni pampinchaaru. athanu maroe moodu seasonlalo rendava shrenilo vaarithone unnadu, nalabhai moodu saarlu kanipinchaadu mariyu okasari score chesaadu; 21 september 2019naa estudientes verses. 25 fibravari 2021naa, phattoripai primera national pratyardhulu ferro kaaril oste santakam chesaaru.

federeco fatori federeco fatoori mozo (paidaish 22 jolayi 1992) eek argentine kaa paishah warr fitt baalar hay juu fero kiral auste say qarz parr horakan kay liye markazi mudfelder kay toor parr kheelta hay. carrier. fatoori kay carrier kaa aaghaz 2013 mein newa shikago kay saath primera bee metropolitana mein hawaa 2 nomber kuu deportive marlo kay khalaaf inn kay carrier kaa aaghaz 2013-14 seezan kay doraan chodah paishi mein say pehla thaa jiss mein newa shikago champine kay toor parr khatam hawaa. inhon nay aktobar 2014 mein aldosovi kay khalaaf primera bee nationival mein apnaa pehla goal kiyaa. 29 januri 2015 cow fatoori nay neeveel kay old boyez aaf dee primera devision kay liye dastakhat kiye. januri 2016 mein qarz parr newa shikago waps aaney say pehley chh paishi kay baad wah duu seezan takk rahay aur chopnayi meechon mein eek baar score kiyaa. 31 jolayi 2017 cow fathuri nay dobarah mustaqil toor parr shamoliyat akhtiyar kii. inhon nay 17 satambar kuu newa shikago kay liye apnay dosray kill waqti debio parr primera bee national mein aazaad rewadioya kay saath 1-1 say draa mein goal kiyaa. newa shikago mein dobarah shaamil honay kay chh maah baad fathuri januri 2018 mein primera devision side timpreli kay liye khelnay kay liye rawanah how gayey. inhon nay gayarah paishi kii nawein mein inhein rawanah kirr diyaa gayaa keunkah inhein jalawatni kaa saamna karnaa padaa. wah dosray darjay mein mazeed teen seezan takk inn kay saath rahay tayalis baar namodar hoay aur eek baar score kiyaa. 21 satambar 2019 kuu estiodents kay khalaaf. 25 faroori 2021 cow fetori parr primera national humm mansibon fero kiral auste nay dastakhat kiye.

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https://en.wikisource.org/wiki?curid=881827

Transit Commission of New York v. United States

Transit Commission of New York v. United States <templatestyles src="Header/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="Header/main block/styles.css" />←   Court Documents Opinion of the Court United States Supreme Court284 U.S. 360Transit Commission of New York  v.  United States Argued: Nov. 24, 25, 1931. --- Decided: Jan 4, 1932 Mr. George H. Stover, of New York City, for appellant Transit Commission of New York. Mr. Charles Dickerman Williams, of New York City, for other appellants. [Argument of Counsel from pages 361-362 intentionally omitted] Mr. John LordO'Brian, Asst. to the Atty. Gen., for appellees the United States and Interstate Commerce Commission. Mr. Alfred A. Gardner, of New York City, for appellee Long Island R. co. Mr. Justice ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court. Notes.

neworkor poribohon aayug bonam aamerika juktorastro  aadalotor nothipotroxomuh aadalotor motamot aamerika juktorastror uschotom nyayaloy 284 eu.ess. 360 transit commission owo nework bhi. aamerika juktorastroi jukti disiloh nobo. 24, 25, 1931.---- xiddhantoh 4 january, 1932 shree. jorjo eis. nework sohoror stover, neworkor abedonkari poribohon aayugor baabe. shree. nework sohoror charls decorman uiliams, onyanyo abedonkarixokolor baabe. [361-362 pristhar poraa poramorxor jukti issakritobhabe baad diya hoise] shree. john lordu 'briyan, astes. aatikaloi. general., abedonkarixokolor baabe aamerika juktorastro aaru antohrajyik banijyo aayug. shree. alfred e. nework sohoror gardner, appelly long ilandor baabe aar. ku. shree. nyayadhix roberte aadalotor motamot prodan korisil. noot.

transit kamishana off neu eork bonam markin juktorashtro  adaloter nothi adaloter motamot markin juktorashtrer supreme court 284 eu.esha. 360 transit kamishana off neu eork bonam markin juktorashtro jukti diyechilah nawh. 24, 25, 1931.---- siddhanta neoa hoyeche 4 januari, 1932 mii. george eich. neu eork shohorer stover, neu iyarker apil transit kamishaner jonno. mii. anyanno apilkarider jonno neu eork shohorer charles dickerman uilliams. [361-362 pristhaguli theke poramorsher jukti ichchakritobhabe baad deoa hoyeche] mii. john lordo 'brian, sahokari. attyr kachhe. zena., apilkarider jonno markin juktorashtro ebong antahrajya banijya kamishana. mii. alfried ayee. gardner, neu eork shohorer, appelli long ilander jonno arr. koo. mii. bicharpati roberts adaloter motamot pradan corren. note.

transit commission off newyork wii. united states  adalatna dastavejo courtno abhipray united states suprem court 284 yuu.aesa. 360 transit commission off newyork wii. united statese daleel kareeh noow. 24, 25, 1931.---nakkih 4 january, 1932 shree. george aech. newyork shahernaa stover, newyorknaa apilkarta parivahan aayog maate. shree. anya apilkartaao maate, newyork shahernaa charles dickerman williams. [prushtho 361-362 maanthi salaahnee daleel iraadaapurvak avganvama aavee] shree. john lordo 'bryan, sahayak. etty sudhee. jiina., apil karnaaraao maate united states aneey aantarrajya vanijya aayog. shree. alfred aee. nyu york cityna gardner, epeli longa eyeland aar. qoo. shree. justice robertse courtno abhipray aapyo hato. nondho.

newyork kaa pargaman aayog banaam sanyukt raajya america  adalati dastavej adalat kii raay sanyukt raajya america kaa sarvocch nyayalaya 284 yuu.aiss. 360 transit commission off newyork banaam. sanyukt raajya america ney tark diyaah nove. 24, 25, 1931.---taya kiya gayaah 4 janwari, 1932 shree. george aich. newyork shahar key stover, newyork key appelarthy pargaman aayog key liye. shree. anya apeelkartaon key liye newyork shahar key charles dickerman williams. [prishthon 361-362 seey vakeel kaa tark jaanboojhkar hataa diyaa gayaa] shree. johnn laurdo 'bryan, sahayak. attari taka. jeane., sanyukt raajya america aur antarrajyiya vanijya aayog key liye. shree. alfred aeye. nyu york shahar key gardner, appeal long eyeland aar key liye. koo. shree. justice roberts ney adalat kii raay dee. notes.

transit commission off newyork vii. united states  nyaayaalayada daakhalegalu nyaayaalayada abhipraya united states supreme court 284 yuu.ess. 360 transit commission off newyork vii. united states vaadisituh nava. 24, 25, 1931.---nirdharisalaagideh janavari 4,1932 shree. georg etch. newyork nagarada stover, newyork naa melmanavidaara saarige ayogakkagi. shree. itara melmanavidaararigaagi newyork nagarada charles dickerman villiams. [361-362 putagalinda salahey vaadavannu uddeshapoorvakavaagi bittubidalaagide] shree. zaan lardo 'brian, sahayaka. aattige. zhe., melmanavi sallisuvavarige united states mattu antararajya vanijya aayoga. shree. alfred aa. newyork nagarada gardner, appalee long ailyand aarr. koo. shree. nyayamurthy roberts nyaayaalayada abhiprayavannu niididaru. tippanigalu.

traansit kammeeshan oof newyork vii. america  kodathi rekhakal kodathiyude abhiprayam yunaittad stetts supreme kodathi 284 yuu.ezz. 360 traansit kammeeshan oof newyork vii. yunaittad stetts vaadichu nove. 24, 25, 1931.---- theerumaanichu 1932 januvari 4 emm. jorjju echu. newyork sittiyile stovar, appeelant traansit kammeeshan oof newyorkkinaayi. emm. newyork sittiyile chaals dickerman vilyams, mattu appeelkkaarkkaayi. [361-362 pejukalil ninnulla kaunsilinte vaadam manappoorvvam ozhivaakki] emm. joonn lordobrian, asisttant. aattiyilekku. jenne., appeel cheiyunnavarkkaayi yunaittad stetts, antharsamsthaana vaanijya kammeeshan. emm. alfred eiii. gardner, newyork sittiyile, appealy long ailand aarr. qoo. emm. justice roberts kodathiyude abhiprayam paranju. kurippukal.

newyorkche parivahan aayog wii. united states  nyayalayin kagadpatre nyayalayache mutt united states sarvoch nyayalay 284 yuu.ess. 360 transit commission auph newyork wii. americene yuktivad kelah nava. 24, 25, 1931.---tharavalany-4 janewari 1932 shree. george etch. newyork shaharachya stover, newyorkchya apilkarta parivahan aayogasathi. shree. itar apilkartyansathi, newyork shaharache charles dickerman williams. [361-362 prushthanvaril sallagaracha yuktivad jaanunbujun vagalanyat aala] shree. johnn laurdo 'bryan, sahayyak. aattiparyant. jaann., apilarthinsathi united states aanee aantarrajyiy vanijya aayog. shree. alfried aaa. newyork shaharache gardner, appelli long eyeland aar. qoo. shree. nyaymurti roberts yanni nyayalayache mutt mandale. nondi.

transit commission aff newyork v. sanyukta rajya america â adalati kagajatharu adalatko mutt sanyukta rajya americako sarvochcha adalat 284 yu.ess. 360 transit commission aff newyork v. sanyukta rajya americale tarka garyoh nobh. 24, 25, 1931.---- nirnayah 4 janawari 1932 shree. george etch. newyork saharko stover, newyorkko apilkarta parawahan ayogka lagi. shree. anya apilkartaharuka lagi newyork saharka charles dickerman williams. [prishthaharu 361-362 batt sallahako tarka janajani hataiyo] shree. john lardo 'bryan, sahayak. attarima. zen., sanyukta rajya america rar antarrajyiya wanijya ayogka lagi. shree. alfred ae. gardner, nyu york saharko, epeli lamo tapuka lagi arr. ko. shree. nyaya robertsle adalatko raaya die. noteharu.

nyujarkara paribahana aajoga banam juktarastra america  adalat kagajpatra nyajalajanka matamata juktarastra americara sarbocha nyajalaja 284 jayu.ess. 360 transit commission off nyujarka banam juktarastra america jukti karithilah nova. 24, 25, 1931.---sthireekrutah januari 4,1932 mea. george etch. stover, nyujarka saharar, nyujarkara opilant transit kamishananka paain. mea. anya aabedanakareenka paain nyujarka saharar charles decorman williams. [361-362 prusthagudikaru paramarshara jukti ichhakruta bhabare baada diajaichhi] mea. zohn lardo 'brian, ess. aat ku. zin., aabedanakareenka paain juktarastra america ebong aantahrajya banijya aajoga. mea. alfred aii. gardner, nyujarka saharar, appelly lang iland r. coe. mea. justices roberts adalatanka matamata pradan karithile. note.

transit commission aaf newyork banaam sanyukat raaj amrica  adalati dastavez adalat dee raae sanyukat raaj dee superim court 284 yuu.aiss. 360 transit commission aaf newyork banaam sanyukat raaj amrica neey daleel dittia navv. 24, 25, 1931.---faisla keeta giaa 4 janwari, 1932 sriman jee. jaaraj aich. stavar, newyork shehar daa, newyork dey appealkarta aavajai commission laee. sriman jee. charles dickerman villiams, newyork shehar dey, horr apeelkartavan laee. [safe 361-362 toon salaah dee daleel janbujh keey chaddi gaee] sriman jee. john lardo 'bryne, sahaik. atti takk. general.apeel curran valiaan laee sanyukat raaj amrica atey antar-raaji vanaj commission. sriman jee. alfried aii. gardner, newyork shehar daa, apeel lambe tapu laee aar. qo. sriman jee. justice roberts neey adalat dee raae ditti. notes.

transit-kamishan-nyuyaark vi. samyuktaraajyam  nyayalayasya dastaawejah nyayalayasya abhiprayah samyuktarajyamerika-sarwochchanyaayaalayah 284 yoo.ess. 360 transit commission aaf nyuyaark vi. samyuktarajyamerika tarkam krutavaan-nava. 24, 25, 1931.---nirdhaaritah 4 janavaree 1932 shree. jaarj ech. stover, nyuyaark-nagarasya, nyuyaark-nagarasya apiliya-paaragaman-ayogasya krute. shree. nyuyaark-nagarasya charles dickerman viliums ityeshah anyaanaam apeelakartrubhyah. [361-362 prushtebhyah paraamarshasy tarkah icchaakrutaroopena apasaaritah.] shree. jaan lardo 'bryan, ess. attaa-prati. janaha., samyuktarajyamerika-rajya-vaanijya-ayogasya cha apilarthinam krute. shree. alfred a. gardner, nyuyaark-nagarasya, appeli-laang-ailyaand-aar. ko. shree. nyayadhishaha roberts ityeshah nyayalayasya abhiprayam adadat. tippanyah.

newyorg poakkuvaraththu aanaiyam vii. america  neethimandra aavanangkal neethimandraththin karutthu america uchcha neethimandram 284 yuu.ess. 360 transit kamishan off newyorg vii. america vaathittathu nav. 24, 25, 1931.---mudivu seyyappattathu janavari 4,1932 thiru. jaarj ech. stover, newyorg nagaraththin, newyorkin melmuraiyeettu poakkuvaraththu aanaiyaththirkaaka. thiru. mattra maelmuraiyeettaalargalukku, newyorg nagaraththaich saerntha charles diggerman villiams. [pakkangkalilirunthu aaloasagarin vaatham 361-362 vaendumentrae thavirkkappattathu] thiru. john lardo 'praiyan, udhavi. adukumadi varai. jaen., maelmuraiyeettaalargalukku america mattrum maanilangkalukku idaiyaeyaana varththaga aanaiyam. thiru. alfred aee. cardener, newyorg nagaraththin, abbeeli long ailaend aarr. coow. thiru. neethipathi robberts neethimandraththin karutthai valangkinaar. kurippugal.

transit commission off newyork vii. united states  kortu patraalu kortu abhiprayam united states supreme court 284 yuu.ess. 360 transit commission off newyork vii. united states vaadinchindihi nove. 24, 25, 1931.---nirnayinchabadindih janavari 4,1932 mister. georg hetch. newyork nagaraniki chendina stover, newyork appellant transit commission kosam. mister. itara appeella kosam newyork nagaraniki chendina charless dickerman villiams. [361-362 paejeela nundi nyaayavaadi vaadana uddeshapoorvakamgaa tolaginchabadindi] mister. zaan lardo 'brian, assistant. atteeki. zen., appeeleelaku united states mariyu interstate commers commission. mister. alfred eah. newyork nagaraniki chendina gardner, appealy long iland kosam aarr. koo. mister. justice roberts kortu abhiprayanni teliyajesaaru. gamanikalu.

transt commission aaf neoyork v. riyasathaye muthadah  adalati dastawezaat adaalat kii raaye riyasathaye muthadah kii suprem court 284 yuu.aiss. 360 transt commission aaf neoyork v. riyasathaye muthadah nay istedlal kiyaa: noow. 24yee 25yee 1931.---faislah kiyaa: 4 januri 1932 mister. jaarj aich. neoyork shehar kay store neoyork kay appellant transt commission kay liye. mister. deegar apeel guzaron kay liyay neoyork shehar kay charlis dakarmeen waleems. [safhaat 361-362 say mashure kii dalil kuu jaan bojh kirr khaarij kirr diyaa gayaa] mister. jaan laard brayan assistent. attee takk. jaine.yee appeliyon kay liye riyasathaye muthadah aur beenn riyasati commers commission. mister. alfared aey. gardner neo yark shehar kaa apelay laang aayee lend aar kay liye. kuu. mister. justice roberts nay adaalat kii raaye paish kii. nott.

0001fc40ce84b2888874a53174f3e53f778a151b8656368acf0a13d30f7fc061

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki?curid=9272709

siarnik

siarnik Polish. Etymology. From . Compare .

siyaronik polich. byutpotti. poraa. tulona korok.

searnic polisha. byutpatti. theke. tulna korun.

searnic polisha. vyutpatti. maanthi. sarkhaamani karoo.

searnic polish. vyutpatti. seey. tulanaa karein.

searnic palish. vyutpatti. ninda. holike maadi.

syarnic poolish. padavyuthpathishaasthram. ninnu. thaarathamyam cheyyuka.

siyaranik polish. vyutpatti. pasoon. tulana qaraa.

सियर्निक polish. wyutpatti. batt. tulana garnuhos.

ciarnic palish. byutpatti. ru. tulana karantu.

searnic palish. shabdawali. toon. tulna crow.

ciarnic polish. vyutpattih. ityatah. tulanam karotu.

searnic balish. sorpirappiyal. irunthu. oppidungkal.

searnic palish. vyutpatti. nundi. polchi chudandi.

sarank paalish. siftiyat. say. mawaznah karein.

0001fc95893f0a888299cc4a29190c0c1b30ebae0e267a10334fcf5dc4a2707f

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=69961075

Humberto García (footballer)

Humberto García (footballer) Paraguayan football manager (born 1974) Humberto Antonio García Ramírez (born 13 May 1974) is a Paraguayan football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He is the current manager of Sportivo Ameliano. Career. After notably playing as a senior for Sport Colombia, García began his managerial career with the club in 2007. He left at the end of the 2009 season, subsequently taking over Sportivo San Lorenzo, but returned to Sport Colombia shortly after. In 2011, García was appointed manager of General Díaz, helping in their promotion to Primera División in 2012, as champions. He was sacked on 29 March 2015, and was named at the helm of fellow top tier side Deportivo Capiatá on 6 April. Dismissed by Capiatá on 24 August 2015, García returned to General Díaz seven days later, and helped the side to avoid relegation. After a short period back at Sport Colombia, he took over Fernando de la Mora in July 2016, before returning once again to General Díaz on 21 November; the club again narrowly avoided relegation. Back at Fernando de la Mora for the 2017 season, García was replaced by Julio Villalba in May of that year. On 16 April 2018, he was named manager of Deportivo Liberación in the second division, but was sacked on 3 July. On 5 March 2019, García was named at the helm of Sportivo Ameliano in the Primera División B. After achieving promotion to the second division as champions, he led the club to the top tier in 2021, after winning the promotion/relegation play-offs. On 18 September 2022, García was sacked by Ameliano, and was appointed in charge of third division side Mariscal López two days later. On 22 November, he returned to Ameliano after Juan Pablo Pumpido resigned. Honours. Manager. Sport Colombia General Díaz Sportivo Ameliano References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

humbertu garchia (football kheluwoi) humbertu antonio 'garchia ramirez (jonmo 13 mey' 1974) ejon peraguwian football menezar aaru prakton kheluwoi ji ejon midfielder hisape khelisil. teu sportivo emelianur bortomanor menezar. keriyar. ullekhjugyobhabe krira columbier ejon jyestho kheluwoi hisape khelar pisot, garchiyai 2007 sonot clubber xoite teur porisalona keriyar aarombho korisil. 2009 sonor sijonor xexot teu guchi goisil, poroborti xomoyot spo 'rtevo chaan lo' range 'ror dayitwo grohon korisil, kintu taar kichu xomoyor pisote krira kolombiyaloi ubhoti aahisil. 2011 sonot garchiyak general diyajor menezar hisape nijukti diya hoisil, jiye 2012 sonot primera dibhijonoloi teulukor prosarot xohay korisil, champion hisape. 2015 sonor 29 marchot teuk borkhasto koraa hoisil, aaru 6 aprilot xohojugi xirxo storor pokhyor deportivo kepiyatar xirunam diya hoisil. 2015 sonor 24 aagostot kepiyatar dwara borkhasto huwa garchiyai xaat dinor pisot general diyajor usoroloi ubhoti aahisil, aaru doltuk proityakhyan porihar korat xohay korisil. krira kolombiyat kichu xomoyor pisot, teu 2016 sonor julyte fernandu dey laa murar dayitwo grohon korisil, 21 novemborot punor general diyajoloi ubhoti ohaar aagote; klabkhone punor komm xomoyor baabe proityakhyan erai goisil. 2017 sonor sijonor baabe fernandu dey laa murat, xei bosoror mey "maahot garchiyak julio" bhilalwai xoloni korisil. 2018 sonor 16 aprilot teuk dwitiyo xakhat deportivo liboresionor menezar hisape nijukti diya hoisil, kintu 3 julyte teuk borkhasto koraa hoisil. 2019 sonor 5 marchot garchiyak primera dibhison bi-too sportivo emelianur xirunam diya hoisil. champion hisape dwitiyo bibhagoloi podunnoti laabh korar pisot, teu podunnoti/relegation play-ofot joylabh korar pisot 2021 sonot clubtuk xirxo storoloi loi goisil. 2022 sonor 18 septemborot, garchiyak emelianuwe borkhasto korisil, aaru dudinor pisot tritiyo bibhagor pokhyor mariscal lupejor dayitwot nijukto koraa hoisil. 22 novemborot, juwan pabolu pampiduwe podotyag korar pisot teu emeliyanuloi ubhoti aahisil. xonman. porisalok. krira kolombiya xadharon diaz sportivo emelianu

humberto garcia (football kheload) humberto antonio garcia ramirez (jonmo 13 meey 1974) ekjon paraguane football manager ebong praktan kheload jini ekjon modhyomatther kheload hisabe khelten. tini sportvio amelianor bortoman manager. pesha. sporta columbier hoye senior hisebe khelar porr, garcia 2007 saale cluber sange taar porichalon karmajiban shuru corren. 2009 saaler morshumer sheshe tini choley zaan, porobortikale tini sportvio shaan lorenzor dayitto grohon corren, kintu err porei tini sporta columbia firey asen. 2011 saale, garcia general diazer manager nijukto hohn, 2012 saale champion hisabe primera dibhishane taader padonnatir khettre sahayata corren. 2015 saaler 29shhey march taanke borkhasto koraa hoy ebong 6ee april sahakarmi sheersho storer dalatyagi capiater shirshe rakha hoy. 24 august 2015-ayee capiata dwara borkhasto, garcia shaat deane porey general diaze firey asen ebong dolke abanman edate sahayata corren. sportasa columbia alpo somoyer jonno firey aasaar porr, 21shhey navembar general diaze firey aasaar agey, tini 2016 saaler julai maase fernando deey laa morar dayitto grohon corren; clubti abar sangkhiptabhabe abanman edaay. 2017 morshumer jonno fernando deey laa moray firey, seii bochorer meey maase garciake julio vilalba dwara protisthapito koraa hoyechilo. 2018 saaler 16ee april, dwitiya bibhage taanke deportivo libareshana-err manager hisebe manoneet koraa hoy, kintu 3 julai taanke borkhasto koraa hoy. 5 march 2019-ayee, garshiyake primera dibhishana bii-teey sportvio amelianor shirshe rakha hoyechilo. champion hisabe dwitiya bibhage padonnati orjoner porr, tini padonnati/abanman play-off jetar porey 2021 saale clubtike sheersho store niye zaan. 18 septembara 2022-ayee, garshiyake ameliano borkhasto corren ebong doo 'deane porey tritiya bibhager pokkho merisal lopager dayitte nijukto hohn. 22shhey navembar, juan publo pampido podotyag korar porr tini amelianote firey asen. sommanona. manager. sportasa kalambia general diaz sportvio ameliano

humberto garcia (footballer) humberto antonio garcia ramirez (janm 13 meey 1974) aek paraguayan football manager aneey bhutpurv khelaadi chhe jeey midfielder tareeke ramyaa hataa. teo sportivo amelianona vartmaan manager chhe. karkirdi. khaas kareene sports kolambiya maate siniyara tareeke ramyaa pachhi, garcia garcia club saathe temnee sanchaalkeey karkidrini sharuaat curry hatee. temane temane seasonna ante chhodi didhu hatoo, tyarbad sportivo saana lorenzono havaalo sambhaalyo hato, parantu toonk samayma jaj sports kolambiya parat faryaa hataa. 2011 maan, garciane general diazna manager tareeke niyukt karvaamaa aavyaa hataa, jene 2012 maan champiyan tareeke primera divisionma temnee badhatimaa madad curry hatee. temne 29 march august roj bartaraf karvaamaa aavyaa hataa, aneey 6 aprilnaa roj saathee tochnaa starnee team deportivo capitana sukan parr naam aapvama aavyu hatoo. 24 august august roj kepiyata dwara bartaraf karaayelee garcia saat divas pachhi general diaz paase parat pharii hatee aneey pakshne deshnikaal talvama madad curry hatee. ramatgamat kolambiyama tunkaa gaadaa pachhi, tene julai 2016 maan fernando dii laa moraano havaalo sambhaalyo, 21 novembernaa roj pharii aekvaar general diaz paase parat faryaa; clubbe fareethi tunkma deshnikaal taalyu. taalyu season maate fernando deey laa moraamaa, teey varshnaa meey maheenama garciane julio vilalba dwara badalvama aavee hatee. 16 april april roj, temne beeja vibhagma deportivo liberatianna manager tareeke niyukt karvaamaa aavyaa hataa, parantu 3 julyna roj temne bartaraf karvaamaa aavyaa hataa. 5 march march roj, garciane primera division beemaa sportivo amelianona sukan parr naam aapvama aavyu hatoo. champiyan tareeke beeja vibhagma badhatee praapt karyaa pachhi, tene promotion/relegation play-off jeetya pachhi, 2021 maan klabne tochnaa star parr laee gayo. 18 september september roj, garsiane emeliano dwara bartaraf karvaamaa aavyo hato, aneey beey divas pachhi tene third division side marical lopeznaa prabhaari tareeke niyukt karvaamaa aavyo hato. 22 novembernaa roj, juan pablo pumpedo raajinaamu aapyaa pachhi teo emeliano parat faryaa. sanmaan. manager. ramatgamat kolambiya general diaz sportivo emeliano

humberto garsia (footballer) humberto antonio garsia ramirez (janm 13 maee 1974) ack paraguan football prabandhak aur poorv khilaadi hain joe ack midfielder key roop mein khelate they. vaha sportivo ameliano key vartamaan prabandhak hain. carrier. vishesh roop seey khel kolambiya key liye ack varishth key roop mein khelane key baad, garsia ney 2007 mein club key saath apane prabandhakiya currier kii shuruat kii. unhone 2009 key satra key anta mein chhod diyaa, baad mein sportivo saine lorenzo koo sambhal liya, lekin isake turant baad khel kolambiya mein laut aae. 2011 mein, garsia koo general diaz kaa prabandhak niyukt kiya gayaa thaa, joe 2012 mein premiere division key liye unaki padonnati mein madad curr rhaa thaa, champion key roop mein. unhein 29 march 2015 koo barkhast curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur 6 aprail koo saathi sheersh stariya paksh nirvaasan capita key sheersh parr naamit kiya gayaa thaa. 24 agast 2015 koo capiata dwara barkhast, garsia saat dinn baad general diaz key paas laut aaee, aur nirvaasan seey bachane key liye paksh kii madad kii. khel kolambiya mein ack chhoti avadhi key baad, unhone 21 navambar koo ack baar phir seey samanya diaz mein lautane seey pahale, julaai 2016 mein fernando dee laa morah koo apane haathon mein leey liya; club ney phir seey nirvaasan seey bachaa. 2017 key season key liye fernando day laa morah mein, usa varsh maee mein garsia koo julio vilalba dwara pratisthaapit kiya gayaa thaa. 16 aprail 2018 koo, unhein dusare division mein nirvaasan swatantrata key prabandhak key roop mein naamit kiya gayaa thaa, lekin 3 julaai koo unhein barkhast curr diyaa gayaa thaa. 5 march 2019 koo, garsia koo primera division bee mein sportivo ameliano key sheersh parr naamit kiya gayaa thaa. champion key roop mein dusare division mein padonnati praapt karane key baad, unhone padonnati/nirvaasan play-off jeetane key baad 2021 mein club koo sheersh star parr leey gaye. 18 sitambar 2022 koo, garsia koo ameliano dwara barkhast curr diyaa gayaa thaa, aur dou dinn baad unhein thurd division side mariscal lopez kaa prabhaari niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. 22 navambar koo, juan pablo pampido key istife key baad vaha ameliano laut aae. sammaan. prabandhak. khel kolambiya general diaz sportivo ameliano

humberto garcia (football atagara) humberto antonio garcia ramirej (janana 13 mayee 1974) obba paragvian football manager mattu maaji aatagararagiddu, midfielder aagi aadidaru. avaru sportivo amelianoda prastuta vyavasthapakaraagiddaare. vrattijeevana. visheshavaagi kolambiyaada creeda tandada hiriya atagararagi aadida nantara, garcia 2007ralli klabnondige tamma nirvahanaa vrattijeevanavannu praarambhisidaru. avaru 2009rahra kridaartuvina koneyalli toredaru, taruvaaya sportivo syaan lorenzovannu vahisikondaru, aadare swalpa samayada nantara kolambiyaada creeda kshetrakke maralidaru. 2011ralli, garsiavannu general diazna vyavasthaapakaraagi nemisalaayitu, 2012ralli primera vibhagakke champiyangalagi badti padeyalu sahaaya maadidaru. avarannu 2015rahra march 29randu vajaagolisalaayitu mattu april 6randu sahavarti unnata mattada tandavaada desportivo capiata avara chukkani hidiyalaayitu. 24 august 2015 randu capiyaataadinda vajagonda garcia, elu dinagala nantara general diazge maralidaru mattu gadiparu maaduvudannu tappisalu tandakke sahaaya maadidaru. kolambiyaadalli swalpa samayada nantara, avaru 2016rahra julainalli fernando deey laa moravannu vahisikondaru, november 21randu mattomme general diazge maraluva modalu; club matte gadiparu maaduvudannu tappisitu. 2017rahra rtuvina fernando deey laa moraadalli, aaa varshada mayee tingalalli garcia badalige julio villaalbaavannu nemisalaayitu. 2018rahra april 16randu, avarannu eradane vibhagadalli deportivo liberatian vyavasthaapakaraagi nemisalaayitu, aadare julai 3randu avarannu vajaagolisalaayitu. 5 march 2019 randu, primera division bii yalli spartivo ameliano avara chukkani hidida garcia avarannu hesarisalaayitu. eradane vibhagakke champiyan aagi badti padeda nantara, avaru 2021 ralli badti/gadiparu play-aafgalannu gedda nantara club annu agra hantakke munnadesidaru. 18 september 2022 randu, garsiavannu ameliano vajagolisidaru mattu eradu dinagala nantara moorane vibhagada marshel lopezna ustuvaari vahisikondaru. juwan pablo pampido rajiname needida nantara november 22randu aata ameliyaanoge maralidaru. gouravagalu. vyavasthaapakaru. columbia creede general diaz sportivo ameliano

humberto garzia (football kalikkaaran) oru paragvaayan football manejar muun midfielderaayi kalicha kalikkaranumaanu humberto antonio garzia ramiras (jananam 13 meyy 1974). sportivo amelianoyude ippozhathe maanejaraan addeham. currier. sports kolambiyayil seeniyarayi kalicha sesham, garzia 2007 ll clubbinoppam thante maanejment currier aarambhichu. 2009 seasoninte avasaanathil addeham vittu, thudarnnu sportivo saan lorenzo etteduthu, pakshe taamasiyaathe sports kolambiyayilekku madangi. 2011-ll garsia general diyaasinte maanejarayi niyamichu, 2012-ll primera divishanilekku chaambyanmaaraayi sthaanakkayattam nedaan sahayichu. 2015 march 29 nuu addehathe pirichuvidukayum epril 6 nuu sahaniraniranirakkaranaaya desportivo kaapittayude thalavanayi thiranjedukkappedukayum cheythu. 2015 august 24 nuu kyaptta purathaakkiya garzia ezhu divasathinu sesham general diasinte aduthekku madangukayum naadukadatthal ozhivakkaan teamine sahayikkukayum cheythu. sports kolambiyayil oru cheria kaalayalavinusesham, 2016 joolaiyil addeham fernando dii laa moraye etteduthu, november 21 nuu general diasil veendum madangiyethi; club veendum naadukadatthal ozhivaakki. 2017 seasonile fernando dii laa morayil, aaa varsham meyy maasathil garsiaykku pakaram juulioo villalba niyamichu. 2018 epril 16 nuu randaam divisionil desportivo liberatiante maanejarayi addehathe thiranjeduthenkilum juulai 3 nuu addehathe pirichuvittu. 2019 march 5 nuu primera division biyil sportivo amelianoyude neethrthwathil garsia namakaranam cheythu. chaambyanmaaraayi randaam divishanilekku sthaanakkayattam nediya sesham, sthaanakkayattam/relagation play-oofukal nediya sesham 2021 ll klabbine onnaam nirayilekku nayichu. 2022 septambar 18 nuu garsia ameliano pirichuvidukayum rund divasathinu sesham moonnaam division side maariskal lopasinte chumatala ettedukkukayum cheythu. november 22nuu juvan pablo pampido raajivachathine thudarnnu addeham amelianoyilekku madangi. bahumathikal. maanejar. sports columbia general dias sportivo ameliano

humberto garcia (footballpatu) humberto antonio garcia ramirez (janm 13 meey 1974) haah eka paraguayan football vyavasthapak aanee majee kheladu aahe joou madhyamathcha kheladu mhanoon khelala. too sportivo amelianocha sadhyacha vyavasthapak aahe. karkird. visheshtah spoort kolambiyasathi varishtha mhanoon khelalyanantar, garciane 2007 madhye klabmadhye tyachya vyavasthapakiy karkirdila suruvat kelee. 2009 chya hangamachya shevati tyane sodale, tyanantar sportivo sann laurenzocha taba ghetala, parantu tyanantar lavkarach spoort kolambiyamadhye paratala. 2011 madhye, garciachi general diazchya vyavasthapakachi niyukti karnyat aalee, jyamule 2012 madhye tyanna vijete mhanoon primera divisionmadhye padonnati denyat madat jhaali. 29 march 2015 roji tyala badtarf karnyat aale aanee 6 april roji tyala sahkari uchch stariy bajuchya nirvasit capiatachya pramukhpadi nemanyat aale. 24 august 2015 roji kaipiyatane baad kelelya garcia saat divasannantar general diazkade paratalya aanee nirvasana talhanyasathi sanghala madat kelee. spoort kolambiyamadhye thodya kalanantar, 21 november roji punha ekada general diazkade paratanyapurvi, julai 2016 madhye tyane fernando day laa morachi jababdari ghetali; clubney punha nirvasana talhale. 2017 chya hangamasathi fernando deey laa moramadhye, tyaa varshi meey mahinyat garciachya jaagi julio vilalbachi niyukti karnyat aalee. 16 april 2018 roji, tyala mhanoon vibhagat nirvasit liberatiancha vyavasthapak mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale, parantu 3 julai roji tyala kadhoon taknyat aale. 5 march 2019 roji, garciala primera division bii madhye sportivo amelianochya shirshasthani naav denyat aale. vijete mhanoon mhanoon vibhagat padonnati midvalyanantar, tyane padonnati/nirvasana play-auph jinkalyanantar, 2021 madhye clubla avval staravar nele. 18 september 2022 roji, garciala amelianone barkhast kele aanee done divasannantar tyala tyala vibhagatil mariscal lopezcha prabhari mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. 22 november roji, juan pablo pampido yanni rajinama dilyanantar too ameliano yethe paratala. sanman. vyavasthapak. creeda kolambiya general diaz sportivo ameliano

humberto garcia (footballer) humberto antonio garcia ramirez (janma 13 maee 1974) ek pyaraguan football prabandhak rar purva kheladi hun jasle midfielderko rupma kheleka thie. uni sportibho amelianoca wartaman prabandhak hun. currier. vishesh gari sport columbiaca lagi warishthako rupma khelepachhi, garciale 2007 maa clubsanga afno prabandhakiya currier suru gare. unle 2009 sijanko antyama chhode, pachhi sportibho saan lorenzolai samhale, tara tyasko kehi samayapachi sports columbiama farkie. sann 2011 maa, garcialai general diazko prabandhak niyukta garieko thiyo, jasle 2012 maa premiere divisionma uniharuko padonnatiko lagi maddat garyo. unlai 29 march 2015 maa barkhasta garieko thiyo, rar 6 aprilma sathi shirsha starko paksha nirvasana capiatako shirsha sthanma naam diieko thiyo. 24 august 2015 maa capiata dwara barkhasta, garcia saat dina pachhi general diazma farkie, rar pakshalai nirvasanbata bachna maddat gare. sport columbiama chhoto awadhi pachhi, unle july 2016 maa fernando day lah moralai samhaleka thie, 21 novemberma general diazma feri ek patak farkanu aghi; cluble feri nirwasanlai thorai matra bewasta गऱ्यो।. 2017 sijanka lagi fernando day lah morama firta, garcialai tyas warshako mema julio vilalbale pratisthapan gareko thiyo. 16 april 2018 maa, unlai dosro divisionma deportivo liberacionko prabandhakko rupma niyukta garieko thiyo, tara 3 julyma barkhasta gariyo. 5 march 2019 maa, garcialai primera division bee maa sportibho amelianoko shirshama naam diieko thiyo. championko rupma dosro divisionma padonnati prapta garepachhi, unle padonnati/nirvasana play-aff jitepachhi 2021 maa clublai shirsha tahama puryae. 18 september 2022 maa, garcialai amelianole barkhasta gare, rar dui dina pachhi tesro division side mariscal lopejko prabhari niyukta gariyo. 22 novemberma, juan pablo pampidole rajinama diepachhi uni ameliano farkie. samman. prabandhak. khel columbia general diaz sportibho ameliano

humberto garcia (football khelali) humberto antonio garcia ramirez (janma 13 meey 1974) jane paraguan football manager ebong purbatana khelali jie jane midfielder bhabare khelithile . shay bartamana sportibho ameliano manager achanti. kyariyara. sport kalambia paain jane baristha khelali bhabe kheliba parey, garcia garcia club sahita nijara parichalana kyariyara arambha karithile. shay 2009 sijin sheshare chaali jaithile, parabarti samajare sportabhio shaan lorenzo dajitwa grahan karithile, kintu ehara kichhi samai parey sport kalambiaaku pherithile. 2011 ray, garsianku general diazara manager nijukta karajaithila, 2012 ray primera divijanaku champion bhabare padonnati karibare sahajya karithile . tanku 29 march 2015 ray barakhasta karajaithila, ebong april 6 ray sahakarmee shirsha stariah parswa pratyarpana capiatara sheershare namit hoithile. 24 august 2015 ray capiata dwara barakhasta hoithiba, garcia saata deane parey general diajnku pherithile, ebong pratyarpana edaibare dalaku sahajya karithile . sport kalambiaare kichhi samai parey, shay july 2016 ray fernando dii laa moraku dajitwa grahan karithile, navember 21 ray punithare general diaz ku feriba purbaru; club puni alpake pratyarpanaku edai jaithila . 2017 sijin paain fernando dee laa morare, sehi barsha meey maasare garsianku julio bhilalaba dwara pratisthapita karajaithila. 2018 masiha april 16 tarikhare, tanku dwiteeja bibhagare deportivo libaresianara manager bhabe nijukta karajaithila, kintu july 3 tarikhare tanku barakhasta karajaithila. 5 march 2019 ray, garsianku primera divijana bii ray sportibho aamelianonka sheershare namit karajaithila . champion bhabare dwiteeja divijanaku padonnati hassel kariba parey, shay padonnati/pratyarpana play-off jitiba parey 2021 ray klabaku shirsha staraku nei jaithile. 18 september 2022 ray, garsianku aamelianonka dwara barakhasta karajaithila, ebong dui deane parey truteeja divijana parswa mariscal lopage dajitware nijukta hoithile. navember 22 ray, juan pabalo pompedo istafa deba parey shay aamelianonku pherithile. sammana. manager. sports kalambia general diaz sportabhio ameliano

humberto garcia (footballer) humberto antonio garcia ramirez (janam 13 maee 1974) ikk paraguian football manager atey sabka khidari haii joe ikk midfielder vajon khedada see. uh sportivo emiliano daa maujuda manager haii. carrier. khed columbia laee ikk senior vajon khedan toon baad, garcia neey 2007 witch club naal aapne parbandhaki carrier dee shuruat keeti. usne 2009 dey season dey ant witch chhadd ditta, baad witch sportivo sainn lorenzo noon sambhaliaa, parr iss toon thodhi dair baad khed columbia witch waps aaa giaa. 2011 witch, garcia noon general diaaz daa manager niyukat keeta giaa see, jiss neey 2012 witch champion vajon primera division witch unhan dee tarakki witch sahaita keeti see. uss noon 29 march 2015 noon barkhast qarr ditta giaa see, atey 6 aprail noon saathi choti dey paddhar vaale paase deportvo capita dee agvai witch namzad keeta giaa see. 24 agast 2015 noon capita duaara barkhast, garcia satt dinan baad general diaaz cole waps aaa gaee, atey vaapsee toon bachann laee pakkh dee madad keeti. sports columbia witch ikk chhote samein toon baad, usne julai 2016 witch fernando dee laa morah noon sambhal liaa, 21 navambar noon ikk vaar firr general diaaz witch waps aaunn toon pahilan; club neey firr toon vaapsee toon bachiaa. 2017 dey season laee fernando day laa morah vikhe waps, garcia noon uss saal maee witch julio vilalba duaara badliaa giaa see. 16 aprail 2018 noon, uss noon duji division witch deportvo libracian daa manager namzad keeta giaa see, parr 3 julai noon barkhast qarr ditta giaa see. 5 march 2019 noon, garcia noon primera division bee witch sportivo emiliano dey sikhar 'teey rakkhiaa giaa see. champion vajon duji division witch tarakki prapat curran toon baad, usne tarakki/vaapsee play-aaf jittan toon baad, 2021 witch club noon choti dey paddhar takk pahuncha ditta. 18 satambar 2022 noon, garcia noon emiliano duaara barkhast qarr ditta giaa see, atey doou dinan baad tiji division side mariscal lopage daa incharge niyukat keeta giaa see. 22 navambar noon, juan pablo pampido dey astife toon baad uh amiliano waps aaa giaa. sanman. manager. sports columbia general diaaz sportivo amiliano

humberto garcia (footballer) humberto antonio garcia ramirez (janma 13 mey 1974) ekaha paraagveyan-football-prabandhakah, poorvakreedaah cha asti yah midfielder-rupena kreeditavaan. saha sportivo ameliano ityasya vartamaanah vyavasthaapakah asti. vruttihi. sport-columbia-deshasya varishtaroopena visheshatah kriditva, garcia 2007 tame varshe club-ityanena saha swasya prabandhakeey-vruttijeevanam aarabdhavatee. saha 2009 tamavarshasya ante nishkaasitah, tadanantaram sportivo-saan-lorenzo-ityasya niyantranam sveekrutavaan, parantu kinchitkalanantaram sport-columbia-nagaram prati pratyagatavan. 2011 tame varshe garcia, general diaz ityasya vyavasthaapikaa niyuktaa, yena 2012 tame varshe praimeraa division ityasmin, champion-rupena teshaam padonnateh sahayyam krutam. saha 2015 maarch 29 dinaanke nishkaasitah, april 6 dinaanke saha-shirsha-stara-paksha-nirvaasita-capit-ityasya shirshasthane cha namankitaha. 24 august 2015 dinaanke kpiata ityanena niraakrutah, garcia saptadinanantarm general diaz-ityasya sameepam pratyaagatavatee, api cha pakshasya nirvaasanam nivaarayitum sahayyam cha akarot. sport-columbia-kridaayaam alpakalanantaram, saha 2016 julai-maase fernando dey laa moraram avahat, tatah param 21 november-dinaanke punah general-diaz-ityatra pratyagatavan; club punah alpatayaa nirvaasanam nivaarayat. 2017 tame varshe fernando dey laa moraarau punah, garcia ityasya sthaane tasmin varshe mey-maase jooliyo villalba ityanena pratisthaapitam. 2018 april 16 dinaanke, saha dviteeyavibhaage deportivo liberatian ityasya vyavasthaapakaroopen namankitaha, parantu julai 3 dinaanke nishkaasitah. 5 maarch 2019 dinaanke, praimeraa division bee madhye sportivo ameliano ityasya sheershe garcia namakaranam krutam. champion-rupena dviteeyavibhaage padonnatim praptva, padonnati/nirvaasan-play-aaf-vijayam praapya, saha 2021 tame varshe club-samsthaam sheershastare nyavedayat. 2022 september 18 dinaanke, garcia ameliano ityanena nishkasita, tatah dinadwayaanantaram truteeyavibhaagasya pakshasya mariscal lopez ityasya prabhaareeroopen niyuktaa. juvaan paablo pampido ityasya tyagapatranantaram, 22 november dinaanke saha ameliano-nagaram pratyagatavan. sammaanah. vyavasthaapakah. columbia-kreedaayaah samanyaha diyaasah sportivo ameliano

humberto carcia (kaalpandhu veerar) humberto antonio carcia ramirase (pirappu 13 mae 1974) oru paraaguvaayan kaalpandhu maelaalar mattrum munnaal veerar aavaar, avar oru mitpeeldaraaga vilaiyaadinaar. avar sportivo amelianovin tharpoothaiya maelaalaraaka ullaar. thozhil. kurippaaga colabia vilaiyaattil mooththa veeraraaga vilaiyaadiya piragu, carcia 2007 aam aandil kilappil thanathu nirvaaga vaazhkkaiyaith thodangkinaar. avar 2009 season mudivil veliyaerinaar, pinnar sportivo chaan lorensovai eduththuk kondaar, aanaal sirithu neeraththirkup piragu sport kolambiyavukkuth thirumbinaar. 2011 aam aandil, carcia general diasine maelaalaraaka niyamikkappattaar, 2012 aam aandil primera privukku avarkal padhavi uyarvu pera uthaviyathu, saambiyangalaaga. avar 29 maarch 2015 andru panineekkam seiyappattaar, maelum aepral 6 andru saga uyarmatta pakka naadukadaththal captavin thalaimaiyil peyaridappattaar. 24 august 2015 andru captawall panineekkam seiyappatta carcia, aezhu naatkalukkup piragu general diasidam thirumbinaar, maelum veliyaettrappaduvathaith thavirkka anikku udhavinaar. kolappiyaavil oru kurugiya kaalaththirkup piragu, avar juulai 2016 ill fernando dii laa moaraavai eduththuk kondaar, navambar 21 andru meendum general diasidam thirumbinaar; kilap meendum veliyaettrappaduvathaith thaduththathu. 2017 seesanukkaana fernando dii laa moaraavil, antha aandu mae maatham georgiavukku pathilaaka julio villalba niyamikkappattaar. aepral 16,2018 andru, avar irandaam pirivil naadukadaththal suthanthiraththin maelaalaraaka niyamikkappattaar, aanaal juulai 3 andru panineekkam seiyappattaar. 5 maarch 2019 andru, carcia primera pirivu pii ill sportivo amelianovin thalaimaiyil peyaridappattaar. irandaam privukku saambiyangalaaga padhavi uyarvu pettra piragu, padhavi uyarvu/veliyaettra pilae-off poattikalil ventra piragu, 2021 aam aandil kilappai muthal nilaikku alaiththuch sentraar. septumber 18,2022 andru, carcia amelianowal panineekkam seiyappattaar, maelum irandu naatkalukkup piragu moontraam pirivu pakka mauriscal lobusin poruppaalaraaga niyamikkappattaar. navambar 22 andru, juwan bablo pampido rajinama seitha pinnar avar amelianovukkuth thirumbinaar. gowravangal. maelaalar. vilayaattu kolambiya general dias sportivo ameliano

humberto garsia (football kreedaakaarudu) humberto antonio garsia ramirage (jananam 13 mae 1974) oka paragveyan football manager mariyu maajee aatagadu, athanu midfielderga aadadu. athanu sportivo ameliano prastuta manager. vrutti. mukhyamgaa columbia sport kosam seniorga aadina taruvaata, garsia 2007loe clubto thana nirvaahaka vruttini praarambhinchaadu. athanu 2009 season chivarilo vidichipettadu, taruvaata sportivo shaan lorenzoni chepattadu, conny kontakaalam tarvaata sport kolambiyaaku tirigi vacchaadu. 2011loe, garsia general diaz managerga niyaminchabaddaaru, 2012loe primera divisionku champiyanluga padoonnati pondadamlo sahayapaddaru. athanu 29 marchi 2015naa tolaginchabaddaadu, mariyu april 6naa thoti agrashreni jattu deportivo kapitaku naayakatvam vahinchaadu. 24 augustu 2015naa capiata chetha tolaginchabadina garsia edu rojula taruvaata general diaz vaddaku tirigi vacchi, bahishkarananu nivaarinchadaaniki jattuku sahaayapadindi. columbia creedaloo kontakaalam tarvaata, athanu 2016 joolailo fernando dii laa moraanu swaadheenam chesukunnadu, november 21naa marosari general diaz vaddaku tirigi vacchaadu; club mallee bahishkarananu thrutilo nivaarinchindi. 2017 season kosam fernando dii laa moraalo, aaa samvatsaram maeloe garsia sthaanamlo juuliyoo villalba niyaminchabaddaadu. 2018 april 16naa, athanu rendava vibhaagamlo deportivo liberatian managerga niyaminchabaddaadu, conny juulai 3naa tolaginchabaddaadu. 5 marchi 2019naa, primera division bloe sportivo ameliano aadhvaryamlo garsia paeru pettaru. champiyanluga rendava vibhaagaaniki padoonnati pondina taruvaata, athanu promotion/bahishkarana play-offs gelichina taruvaata, 2021loe klabnu agrasreniki nadipinchaadu. 18 september 2022naa, garsianu ameliano tolaginchaadu mariyu rendu rojula taruvaata third division side mariscal lopez baadhyatagaa niyaminchabaddaadu. juvan paablo pampido rajinama chesina taruvaata november 22naa athanu ameliano tirigi vacchaadu. gowravaalu. manager. columbia kreedalu general diaz sportivo ameliano

humberto garshiya (fitt baalar) humberto intonio garshiya ramirz (paidaish 13 mayee 1974) eek paragoin fitt baal meniger aur saabiq khilaadi haine juu mudfelder kay toor parr kheltay thay. wah sporto ameliano kay maujudah meniger haine. carrier. khaas toor parr sports columbia kay liye seniyar kay toor parr khelnay kay baad garshiya nay 2007 mein kalb kay saath apnay intezami carrier kaa aaghaz kiyaa. inhon nay 2009 kay seezan kay ikhtatam parr chhod diyaa baad mein sportive saan laurenzo kaa ahdah sanbhaal liyaa leakin iss kay foraa baad hyee sports columbia mein waps aagaye. 2011 mein garshiya kuu general ddiyaaz kaa meniger muqarar kiyaa gayaa jiss nay 2012 mein champine kay toor parr primera devision mein inn kii tarqi mein madad kii. inhein 29 maarch 2015 kuu bartarf kirr diyaa gayaa aur 6 apreel kuu saathi aalee darjay kii taraf deportive capiata kii sarbarahi mein namzad kiyaa gayaa. 24 agast 2015 kuu capiata kay zariah barkhast garshiya saat dunn baad general ddiyaaz kay paas waps aayee aur iss nay fareeq kuu jalawatni say bachnay mein madad kii. sports columbia mein eek mukhtasir madat kay baad inhon nay 21 nomber kuu eek baar phir general ddiyaaz kay paas waps aaney say pehley jolayi 2016 mein fernando ddee laa moraa kaa ahdah sanbhala. kalb nay eek baar phir behat kumm waqat kay liye milk badri say greez kiyaa. 2017 kay seezan kay liye fernando ddee laa moraa mein garshiya kii jagah asee saal mayee mein jolio walalba nay lay lee. 16 apreel 2018 cow inhein second devision mein ddee portiyo libration kaa meniger namzad kiyaa gayaa leakin 3 jolayi kuu inhein bartarf kirr diyaa gayaa. 5 maarch 2019 cow garshiya kuu primera devision bee mein sportov ameliano kii sarbarahi mein namzad kiyaa gayaa thaa. champine kay toor parr second devision mein tarqi haasil karnay kay baad inhon nay promotion/relegation play aaf jeetnay kay baad 2021 mein kalb kuu topp tyre takk pahunchaya. 18 satambar 2022 cow garshiya kuu ameliano nay bartarf kirr diyaa aur duu dunn baad thard devision side maarsil lopeez kaa incharge muqarar kiyaa gayaa. 22 nomber cow joaan publo pampado kay istefi deenay kay baad wah ameliano waps aayey. aizazat. meniger. sports columbia general ddiyaaz sporto ameliano

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=48294965

Edward George Boulenger

Edward George Boulenger British zoologist Edward George Boulenger (8 May 1888 – 30 April 1946) was a British zoologist and longtime director of the London Zoo aquarium. Boulenger was the son of herpetologist and ichthyologist George Albert Boulenger. He was educated at St. Paul's School, and became curator at the reptile house in London Zoo in 1911, a position he held for 13 years. During World War I he served as an observer in the balloon section of the Royal Flying Corps. In 1924 he became director of the newly opened seawater and freshwater aquarium of the Zoological Society of London, whose design and construction he had actively supported since 1921. In 1943 he resigned from his directorship. Like his father, Boulenger was fluent in both French and German. This benefited him when he made several trips to mainland Europe to make new acquisitions for the reptile house and the aquarium. Furthermore, Boulenger worked as an author.

edward jorjo bolanger edward jorjo bob 'lenzer (8 mey' 1888-30 april 1946) ejon britis pranibigyani aaru london siriyakhanar dirghodiniya porisalok aasil. bob 'lenzer aasil harpet' lo 'jisto aaru isothi' lo 'jisto jorjo elbert bob' lenzaror putro. teu saintot xikhyito hoisil. polor bidyaloy, aaru 1911 sonot london siriyakhanar xorixrip grihot curator hoisil, ji teu 13 bosor dhori odhisthito korisil. prothom biswojudhor xomoyot teu royel flying korposor belun xakhat porzobekhyok hisape xewa aagborhaisil. 1924 sonot teu londonor juological cho "saitir notunkoi mukoli koraa xagoror paanee aaru mitha panir aquariumor xonsalok hoisil, jaar design aaru nirmanot teu 1921 sonor poraa xokriyobhabe xomorthon korisil. 1943 sonot teu nijor porisalokor podor poraa podotyag korisil. teur pitrir dore, bolanger forasi aaru german duyuta bhaxat xabolil aasil. iyar folot teu upokrito hoisil jetiya teu xorixrip griho aaru masoraghortur baabe notun odhigrohon koriboloi europor mool bhukhondoloi keibabaru bhromon korisil. iyar uporiu, bob 'lenzare ejon lekhok hisape kaam korisil.

edward george boulanger edward george boulanger (8 meey 1888-30 april 1946) chhilen ekjon british pranibigyani ebong london chidiakhana aquarium dirghodiner porichalok. boulanger chhilen bheshoj biseshoggo ebong echithologist george albert boulanger putro. tini seenta central college padashona korechen. poler school, ebong 1911 saale london chidiakhanar sarisrip barite tottabodhayok hohn, jey podey tini 13 bochor dhorey adhisthito chhilen. prothom bishwojuddher somoy tini rayyal flying corps-err belun bibhage porjobekkhok hisabe kaaj korechilen. 1924 saale tini londoner zoological societyr soddo khola samudrer joll ebong mitha joler aquarium porichalok hohn, jaar naksha oo nirman tini 1921 saal theke sokriyobhabe samarthan korechilen. 1943 saale tini taanr porichalonar podo theke podotyag corren. taanr babar moto, boulanger farasi ebong german ubhoy bhasayi sablil chhilen. etty taanke upokrito korechilo jokhon tini sarisrip ghor ebong aquarium jonno notun adhigrahan korte mool bhukhanda europe besh koyekti sofor korechilen. echhadao, boulanger ekjon lekhok hisabe kaaj korechilen.

edward george baulengar edward george baulengar (8 meey 1888-30 april 1946) british pranishastri aneey london zhoo maachhaleegharna laambaa samaynaa nirdeshak hataa. baulengar herpatologist aneey echithologist george albert baulengarnaa putra hataa. temane saint. polnee shaala, aneey 1911maan london pranisangrahalayma sarisrup gruhamaa curator banyaa, jeey pada temane 13 varsh sudhee sambhaalyu hatoo. pratham vishvyuddh darmiyan temane royal flying corpsnaa baloon vibhagma nirikshak tareeke sevaa aapee hatee. 1924maan teo londonni zooological societyna navaa kholvaamaa aavela dariyai paanee aneey taajaa paaninaa maachhaleegharna nirdeshak banyaa, jenee rachnaa aneey baandhkaamne temane 1921thee sakreey samarthan aapyu hatoo. 1943maan temane temnaa niyaamak padethi raajinaamu aapyu hatoo. temnaa pitani jaim, baulengar french aneey german bannemaa askhaleet hataa. jyaare temane sarisrup ghar aneey machhalighar maate navaa sampadan karvaa maate mukhya bhoomi europeni ghanee yaatrao curry tyaare teno temne fayado thayo. vadhumaa, baulengare lekhak tareeke kaama karyoo hatoo.

edward george bollenger edward george bollenger (8 maee 1888-30 aprail 1946) ack british prani vigyaani aur lambe samay taka landan chidiyaghar key nideshak they. baulengar herpatologist aur echithologist george albert bollenger key bete they. way sent mein shikshit they. paul kaa school, aur 1911 mein landan chidiyaghar mein sarisrip ghar mein curator bunn gaye, ack pada joe unhone 13 varshon taka sambhala. pratham vishva yuddh key dauran unhone shaahi udaan dall key gubbare khand mein ack paryavekshak key roop mein kaary kiya. 1924 mein way landan key zoological society key nae khole gaye samudri jall aur taaje paani key machhalighar key nideshak baney, jisake design aur nirmaan kaa unhone 1921 seey sakriya roop seey samarthan kiya thaa. 1943 mein unhone apane nideshak pada seey istifa dey diyaa. apane pitaa kii tarah, baulengar french aur german donon mein dharapravah they. isase unhein laabh huaa jaba unhone sarisrip ghar aur machhalighar key liye nae adhigrahan karane key liye mukhya bhoomi europe kii kaee yaatraaen keen. isake alawa, baulengar ney ack lekhak key roop mein kaam kiya.

edward georg baulengar edward georg baulengar (8 mayee 1888-30 april 1946) british praanishaastragna mattu london mrugaalayada akveriyamna deerghakaalada nirdeshakaraagiddaru. baulengar avaru sasyavignaani mattu ichthiologist georg albert baulengar avara putraraagiddaru. avaru sentnalli sikshana padedaru. paul avara shaleyu, mattu 1911ralli london mrugaalayada sareesrupa maneyalli melvichaarakaraadaru, ee sthaanavannu avaru 13 varshagala kaala alankarisidaru. modalane mahayuddhada samayadalli avaru raayal flying corpsna baloon vibhagadalli vikshakaraagi seve sallisidaru. 1924ralli avaru london jhoolajikal society hosadaagi tereyalaada samudra neeru mattu sihineerina akveriyamna nirdeshakaraadaru, adara vinyasa mattu nirmaanavannu avaru 1921rinda sakriyavagi bembalisiddaru. 1943ralli avaru tamma nirdesakara huddege rajiname niididaru. tanna tandeyanteye, baulengar french mattu german bhasegalalli nirargalavagi maatanaadaballavanaagiddanu. sareesrupa maney mattu akveriyangaagi hosa swadhinagalannu maadalu avaru europen mukhya bhoobhagakke halavaaru pravaasagalannu madidaga idu avarige prayojanavannu needitu. idallade, baulengar lekhakaraagi kelasa maadidaru.

edward jorjju boulanchar edward jorjju boulanchar (8 meyy 1888-30 epril 1946) oru britiish suvolajistum lunden mrgashaalayile akveriyathinte deerghakaala directorumaayirunnu. herpattolajistum ekthyolajistumaaya jorjju albert boulancharude makanaayirunnu boulanchar. addeham sent. pooll schoolil padikkukayum 1911ll lunden mrgashaalayile reptail hausil curettaraayi pravartthikkukayum cheytha addeham 13 varsham eee sthaanam vahichu. onnaam lokamahaayudhasamayathu addeham royal flying corpsinte baloon vibhaagathil nireekshakanaayi sevanamanushtichu. 1921 muthal sajeevamaayi pinthunachirunna landanile suvological sosaittiyude puthuthayi thuranna kadaljalathinteyum shudhajala akveriyathinteyum director 1924-ll addeham maari. 1943-ll addeham directorshippil ninnu raajivachu. pithaavineppole boulancharum franchilum jarmman bhashayilum praaveenyamullayaalayirunu. uragangalude veedinum akveriyathinum vendi puthiya ettedukkalukal nadathunnathinaayi addeham europile pradhana bhoopradeshathekku niravadhi yathrakal nadathiyappol ithu addehathinu gunam cheythu. koodaathe, boulanchar oru ezhuthukaaranaayi pravarthichu.

edward george bollenger edward george bollenger (8 meey 1888-30 april 1946) heey british pranishastradnya aanee london pranisangrahalayachya matsyalayache dirghakalin sanchalak hote. bollenger haah vanaushadhishastradnya aanee echithologist george albert bollenger yancha mulga hota. tyanche shikshan seent. paulchi shaala, aanee 1911 madhye london pranisangrahalayatil sarpatananya gharache snrakshak banale, jeey padd tyanni 13 varshe bhushavale. pahilya mahayuddhachya kalat tyanni royal flying corpschya phuga vibhagat nirikshak mhanoon kaam kele. 1924 madhye teey londonchya pranishastriy sansthechya navyane ughadanyat aalelya sagari paanee aanee godya panyachya matsyalayache sanchalak jhaale, jyachya rachana aanee bandhkamala tyanni 1921 pasoon sakriyapane pathimba deela hota. 1943 madhye tyanni tyanchya sanchalakpadacha rajinama deela. tyachya vadilanpramanech, baulengar french aanee german yaa donhi bhashanmadhye askhalit hota. sarpatanare ghar aanee matsyalayasathi naveen adhigrahan karnyasathi tyane europechya mukhya bhoomila anek feiiah dilya tevha tyacha tyala fayda jhaala. yashivay, baulengar yanni lekhak mhanoon kaam kele.

edward george baulanger edward george baulanger (8 mey 1888-30 april 1946) ek britis pranishastri rar london chidiakhana aquariumka lamo samaya nirdeshak thie. baulanger herpatologist rar echithologist george albert baulangerka chhora thie. uni centma shikshit thie. palko schol, rar sann 1911 maa london chidiyakhanako sarisrip gharma curator bane, june pada unle 13 warshasamma samhaleka thie. pratham wishwayuddhako samayama unle royal flying corpsko belun khandama paryawekshakko rupma sewa gare. sann 1924 maa uni londonko zoological societyko bharkharai kholieko samudri pani rar taja paniko aquariumka nirdeshak bane, jasko design rar nirmanlai unle sann 1921 dekhi sakriya rupma samarthan gareka thie. sann 1943 maa unle afno nirdeshanbata rajinama die. afno buba jastai, baulanger francelli rar german duwai bhashama dharaprawaha thie. yasale unlai faida puryayo jab unle sarisrip ghar rar aquariumka lagi nayan adhigrahan garna mukhya bhumi yuropko dherai yatraharu gare. yasabahek, baulangerle lekhakko rupma kaam gare.

edward george byulengara edward george byulengara (8 meey 1888-30 april 1946) jane british praneebigyanee ebong london chidiakhana akwarijamara deerghakaleena nirdeshaka thile. bahaungar thile herpetologist ebong echithologist george albert bahaungarnka pua. shay sentare sikhya laabh karithile. palnka skula, ebong 1911 ray london chidiakhanara sarisrupa ghare curator hoithile, ehi padabeere shay 13 barsha dhari rahithile. pratham biswajudha samajare shay rayal flyng karpra belun bibhagare parjyabekhyaka bhabare karjya karithile. 1924 masihare shay londner zoological societyra nutan bhabe kholajaithiba samudra jala ebong madhur jala akwerijamara nirdeshaka hoithile, jahara design ebong nirmanaku shay 1921 masiharu sakriya bhabe samarthan karithile. 1943 masihare shay taanka nirdeshaka padaru istafa deithile. taanka pitanka pari, baulengara ubhaja farasi ebong german bhasare parangama thile. ehaa tanku labhanwita karithila jetebele shay sarisrupa ghara ebong aquarium paain nutan adhigrahan kariba paain mukhya bhukhanda juropaku aneka jatra karithile . ehaa byatita, bahaungar jane lekhaka bhabe karjya karithile.

edward jaaraj baulengar edward jaaraj bollanger (8 maee 1888-30 aprail 1946) ikk british prani vigiaani atey london chidiaghar dey lambe samein toon director see. bollanger herpatologist atey echithologist jaaraj albert baulengar daa puttar see. unhan neey cent witch padahi keeti see. paal daa school, atey 1911 witch london chidiaghar witch sappan dey gharr witch curator bann giaa, ikk ahuda jiss utte uh 13 saalan takk riha. pahile vishav yuddh dauran unhan neey shaahi flying coor dey bailoon bhaag witch ikk nirikhak vajon seva nibhai. sann 1924 witch uh london dee zoological suciety dey navein khulleh samundari paanee atey taaze paanee dey machhighar dey director baney, jiss dey design atey nirman daa unhan neey 1921 toon sargarmi naal samarthan keeta see. sann 1943 witch unhan neey aapne directorship toon astifa dey ditta. aapne pitaa wang, baulengar franch atey german dovan witch mahr see. iss naal uss noon faida hoiaa jadon uss neey sappan dey gharr atey machhighar laee naviaan prapatiaan curran laee mukkh bhumi yoorap deeaan kaee yatravan keetiaan. iss toon ilava, baulengar neey ikk lekhak vajon kamm keeta.

edward jaarj baulengar edward jaarj baulengar (8 mey 1888-30 april 1946) ekaha british-praaneeshaastradnyah, landan-mrugaalayasya aquarium ityasya dirghakalanirdeshakaha cha aasit. baulengar ityeshah herpetologist tathaa echithiologist jaarj albert baulengar ityasya putrah aasit. saha sa. a. madhye shikshitah aasit. paal ityasya vidyaalaye, 1911 tame varshe landan-mrugaalayasya sareesrupagruhasya samrakshakah abhavat, saha 13 varshaani yaavat padaveem praptavan. prathamavishvayuddhe saha rayal-flying-corp ityasya baloon-khande nireekshakaroopen karyam krutavaan. 1924 tame varshe saha landan-nagarasya zoolaajikal-societyaah nutanasya udghatitasya samudrajalasya, taaje-jalasya cha matsyaalayasy nirdeshaka abhavat, yasya vinyaasasya nirmanasya cha saha 1921 tamaat varshaat sakriyaroopen samarthanam krutavaan. 1943 tame varshe saha swasya nirdeshakapadat nivruttah. swapituh iva baulengar ityayam french-german-bhaashaasu cha dhaaraapravaah aasit. yadaa saha sareesrupagruhasya matsyaalayasy cha nootanam adhigrahanam kartum europe-deshasya mukhyabhoomi-pradesham prati anekaani bhramanaani krutavaan tadaa tasya laabham jaatam. api cha baulengar ityayam lekhakatvena karyam krutavaan.

edward jaarj bowlenger edward jaarj bowlenger (8 mae 1888-30 aepral 1946) oru british vilangkiyal nipunar mattrum lundon mirugakkaatchisaalaiyin neendakaala iyakkunar aavaar. bowlenger, thaavaraviyal nipunarum ecthiologistmaana jaarj albert bowlengarin magan aavaar. avar saint kallooriyil kalvi payintraar. paal pallikkuch sendru, 1911 aam aandil lundon mirugakkaatchisaalaiyil ulla uurvana illaththil kankaanippaalaraaga aanaar, avar 13 aandugal pathaviyil irunthaar. muthalaam ulagap poarin poathu avar arasa parakkum padaiyin baloon pirivil paarvaiyaalaraaka paniyaattrinaar. 1924 aam aandil avar landanin vilangkiyal sangaththin puthithaaga thirakkapatta kadal neer mattrum nanneer meane kaatchiyagaththin iyakkunaraanaar, adhan vadivamaippu mattrum kattumaanatthai avar 1921 muthal theeviramaaga aathariththaar. 1943 aam aandil avar thanathu iyakkunaraaka irunthu rajinama seithaar. avarathu thanthaiyaip poalavae, bowlenjcharum pirenchu mattrum jerman aagiya iru mozhigalilum saralamaaga paesakkoodiyavaraaga irunthaar. uurvana illam mattrum meane kaatchiyagaththirkaaga puthiya kaiyagappaduththalgalaich seiya avar iroappaavin pirathaana nilappaguthikku pala payanangkalai maerkondapoathu idhu avarukku payanaliththathu. maelum, bowlenger oru ezhuththaalaraaga paniyaattrinaar.

edward georg boulenger edward georg boulenger (8 mae 1888-30 april 1946) oka british janthu shaastravetta mariyu london jantupradarsanasaala aquarium yokka deerghakaala director. boulenger herpetologist mariyu ichthiologist georg albert boulenger kumarudu. ayana seyint loe chaduvukunnaru. paal paatasaalalo chadivi, 1911loe london janthupradarshanashaalaloni sareesrupaala gruhamlo curator ayyadu, eee padavini athanu 13 samvatsaraalu nirvahinchaaru. modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo ayana raayal flying corps yokka beloon vibhaagamlo pariseelakudigaa panicheesaaru. 1924loe ayana london zoological sosaiteeki kottagaa terichina samudrapu neeru mariyu manchineeti akveriyaaniki director ayyaru, dheeni roopakalpana mariyu nirmaanaaniki 1921 nundi ayana churukuga maddatu icchaaru. 1943loe ayana thana director padaviki rajinama chesaaru. thana tandrilaage, boulenger french mariyu german rendintiloonuu anargalamgaa matladevadu. sareesrupaala illu mariyu aquarium kosam kotta konugollu cheyadaaniki athanu airopa pradhana bhuubhaagaaniki aneka paryatanalu chesinappudu idhi ataniki prayojanam chekurchindi. antekakunda, boulenger rachayitagaa panicheesaaru.

edward jaarj bolanger edward jaarj bolanger (8 mayee 1888-30 apreel 1946) eek bartanvi maahir haiwaniyat aur landan chadiya gahar kay acverium kay derinah director thay. bolanger maahir herpatologist aur maahir ichtheologist jaarj albert bolanger kaa betaa thaa. inhon nay sent mein taleem haasil kii. paal kaa school aur 1911 mein landan chadiya gahar kay rengnay waalay gahar mein curator bunn gayey yaha ahdah inhon nay 13 saal takk sanbhala. pehli jung azeem kay doraan inhon nay raail flying coor kay ghabaray kay hasay mein mubsir kay toor parr khidmaat anjaam dain. 1924 mein wah landan kii zological society kay nayey khalay samandari paani aur meethay paani kay acverium kay director banay jiss kay design aur tameer kii inhon nay 1921 say faal toor parr himayat kii thee. 1943 mein inhon nay apnay directorship say istefi day diyaa. apnay waalid kii tarah bolanger francisi aur german donon mein rawani rakhtay thay. iss say inhein fayedah hawaa jabb inhon nay rengnay waalay janwaron kay gahar aur acverium kay liye nayey hasool kay liye meen lend europ kay kayee doray kiye. iss kay alawah bolanger nay batoor masnaf kaam kiyaa.

00020181d12ef7bca3af22fa8aebba93eb31250d32a6b260ef3f926b0ab79b7a

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=41125816

Pam Faris

Pam Faris American politician Pam Faris (born February 15, 1957) is a former American politician from Michigan. Faris is a former Democratic member of Michigan House of Representatives for District 48 and a former Second Lady of Michigan. Early life. On February 15, 1957, Faris was born in Flint, Michigan. In 1975, Faris graduated from Powers Catholic High School in Flint, Michigan. Education. Faris earned an honorary associate degree from Mott Community College in Flint, Michigan. Faris earned a bachelor's degree in business administration-human resources from Baker College in Flint, Michigan. Career. Faris started her career at General Motors at Fisher Body. Faris was a case coordinator and a jury coordinator with the Genesee Circuit Court system. In 2003, Faris retired as a jury coordinator. In 2008, Faris became the CEO of the MDP-MI Blue Tiger until 2009. In 2010, Faris was appointed to become a member of the board of trustees for Mott Community College. On November 6, 2012, Faris won the election and became a Democratic member of the Michigan House of Representatives for District 48. Faris defeated Jeffrey Woolman with 63.77% of the votes. On November 4, 2014, as an incumbent, Faris won the election and continued serving District 48. Faris defeated Stephanie K. Stikovich with 62.33% of the votes. On November 8, 2016, as an incumber, Far is won the election and continued serving District 48. Far is defeated Joseph Reno with 53.82% of the vote. Personal life. Faris' husband is John D. Cherry Jr., a former lieutenant governor. They have two children, Meghan and John Cherry III. Faris and her family live in Clio, Michigan. Faris' sister-in-law is Deborah Cherry, a politician in Michigan. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

paam faris paam faris (jonmo 15 february, 1957) hoise mixiganor egoraki prakton aamerikan rajneetibid. faris hoise 48 nong jilaar protinidhir mixigan housor egoraki prakton gonotantrik xodosyo aaru mixiganor egoraki prakton dwitiyo mohila. prarombhik jiwan. 1957 sonor 15 februaryt firisor jonmo hoisil mixiganor flintot. 1975 sonot farise mixiganor flintor powers ketholik haiskulor poraa snatok degree laabh kore. xikhya. farise mixiganor flintor mott community collegeor poraa xonmaniyo xohojugi degree laabh korisil. farise mixiganor flintor bekaar collegeor poraa byowoxayik proxaxon-manob xompodot snatok degree laabh korisil. keriyar. farise masmoriya xongsthar general motorot teur keriyar aarombho korisil. faris ejon gusoror xomonwoykari aaru jenisi charkit aadalot byowosthar xoite juree xomonwoykari aasil. 2003 sonot faris jureer xomonwoykari hisape owoxor grohon kore. 2008 sonot faris 2009 sonoloike em. di. pi-em. aai. blue tigeror chi. ee. oh '. hoi porisil. 2010 sonot farisok mott community collegeor porixodor xodosyo hisape nijukti diya hoisil. 2012 sonor 6 novemborot farise nirbasonot joylabh korisil aaru 48 nong jilaar protinidhir mixigan housor gonotantrik xodosyo hoisil. farise jeffrey ulmenok 63.77% bhutore porasto korisil. 2014 sonor 4 novemborot, ejon nirbasito byokti hisape, farise nirbasonot joylabh korisil aaru 48 nong jilat xewa obyahot rakhisil. farise stephany koo porasto korisil. 62.33% bhutor xoite stickovis. 2016 sonor 8 novemborot, ek xongkhyagoristho byokti hisape, nirbasonot bohu duroloi joyee hoisil aaru 48 nong jilat xewa obyahot rakhisil. oti durot zusef renuk 53.82% bhutor xoite porasto korisil. byoktigoto jiwan. farisor swami john di. cheri je. aar., ejon prakton leftenent gobhornor. teulukor dutaa xontan aase, megon aaru john cheri tritiyo. faris aaru teur poriyaltu mixiganor cleo "too baax kore. farisor xohuririr hoise deburah cheri, ji mixiganor egoraki rajneetibid.

paam faris pyama faris (jonmo 15 february, 1957) mishiganer ekjon praktan markin rajnitibid. faris hollen 48 nong jelara protinidhigosthir ekjon praktan ganotantrik sadasya ebong mishiganer ekjon praktan dwitiya mohila. prathomik jeebon. 1957 saaler 15ee february, faris mishiganer flinte jonmogrohon corren. 1975 saale, faris mishiganer flinte powers catholic hye school theke snatok hohn. shikkha. faris mishiganer flinte mott community college theke ekti sommansuchok sahojogi degree orjon corren. faris mishiganer flinter becker college theke byabosai proshashon-manob sompod bishoye snatok degree orjon corren. karmajiban. faris fisher bodite general motorsey taanr karmajiban shuru corren. faris chhilen ekjon cases coordinatoor ebong zini sarkita court systemer jurie coordinatoor. 2003 saale faris jurie samanwayakari hisebe abosar grohon corren. 2008 saale, faris 2009 saal porjonto emm. dii. pii-mii blue tiger ceo hoye othe. 2010 saale, mott community colleger trusty boarder sadasya howar jonno fariske nijukto koraa hoy. 2012 saaler 6ee navembar faris nirbachone joyee hohn ebong 48 nong jelara mishigan house off representativeser ganotantrik sadasya hohn. faris jeffrey ullmanke 63.77% bhot diye porajito corren. 2014 saaler 4thhaa navembar, ekjon bortoman prarthi hisabe, faris nirbachone joyee hohn ebong 48 nong jelaay dayitto palon chaliye zaan. faris stephany keey-keey porajito corren. 62.33% bhot soho stickovic. 2016 saaler 8ee navembar, ekti sankhyagarishtha hisabe, nirbachone joyee hoy ebong ebong jelaay kaaj chaliye yaay. byaktigato jeebon. fariser swami hollen john dii. cherry junior., ekjon praktan leftenant governor. taader duti santan royeche, meghan ebong john cherry. faris ebong taar poribar mishiganer cleote baas korey. fariser shyalika hollen mishiganer ekjon rajnitibid deborah cherry.

paam faris paam faris (janm 15 februari, 1957) mishiganna bhutpurv american rajkarani chhe. faris mishigan house off representativesna bhutpurv lokshaahi sabhy chhe aneey mishiganna bhutpurv second lady chhe. praarambhik jeevan. 15 februari, 1957naa roj, farisno janm flint, mishiganma thayo hato. 1975maan, farise mishiganna flintmaa power ketholik haai schoolmathi snaatak thayaa. shikshan. farise mishiganna flintmaa moota community collegemathi maanad sahyogi degree melvee hatee. farise mishiganna flintmaa backer collegemathi business administration-manav sansadhanoma snatakni degree melvee hatee. karkirdi. farise temnee karkidrini sharuaat fisher bodee khaate general motorsthee curry hatee. faris cases coordinatoor aneey jinesi circuit court system saathe jurie coordinatoor hataa. 2003maan faris jurie coordinatoor tareeke nivrutt thayaa hataa. 2008maan, faris 2009 sudhee aema. dii. pii.-mee. blue tigerno see. ee. oo. banyo hato. 2010maan, farisne moota community collegena trusty mandalnaa sabhy banvaa maate niyukt karvaamaa aavyaa hataa. 6 november, 2012naa roj, farise chuntani jeetee aneey jilla 48 maate pratinidhiona mishigan housena lokshaahi sabhy banyaa. farise jephree woolmanne 63.77% mato saathe haraavyo. 4 november, 2014naa roj, aek vartmaan umedvaar tareeke, farise chuntani jeetee aneey 48maa jeellama sevaa aapvaanu chaalu raakhyu. farise stephany keey. neey haraavyo. 62.33% mutt saathe stikovic. 8 november, 2016naa roj, aek number tareeke, chuntani jeetee chhe aneey 48 jeellama sevaa aapvaanu chaalu raakhyu chhe. atyaar sudhee joseph renone 53.82% mutt saathe haraavyo chhe. angat jeevan. farisno patee john dii chhe. cherry juniyar., bhutpurv leftnent governor. temne beey baadako chhe, megan aneey john cherry. faris aneey teno parivaar kliyo, mishiganma rahe chhe. farisni saalee mishiganna rajkarani debora cherry chhe.

paam faris paam faris (janm 15 farwari, 1957) mishigan key ack poorv americi rajneta hain. faris jilaa 48 key liye pratinidhiyon key mishigan house key poorv loktaantrik sadasya hain aur mishigan kii poorv doosari mahila hain. praarambhik jeevan. 15 farwari, 1957 koo faris kaa janm flint, mishigan mein huaa thaa. 1975 mein, faris ney flint, mishigan mein shaktiyon key catholic uchch vidyalaya seey snaatak kiya. shiksha. faris ney flint, mishigan mein mott samudayik mahavidyalaya seey maanad sahayogi kii degree praapt kii. faris ney flint, mishigan mein becker college seey vyavasaay prashaasan-maanav sansadhanon mein snaatak kii degree arjit kii. carrier. faris ney apane currier kii shuruat fisher boddy mein general motors seey kii thee. faris ack cases samanvayak aur utpatti circuit court system key saath ack juurii samanvayak they. 2003 mein, faris juurii samanvayak key roop mein sevaanivritt hue. 2008 mein, faris 2009 taka aim. dee. pee.-mee. blue tiger kaa see. ee. oh. bunn gayaa. 2010 mein, faris koo mott samudayik mahavidyalaya key nyasi mandal kaa sadasya banane key liye niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. 6 navambar, 2012 koo faris ney chunaav jeetaa aur jilaa 48 key liye mishigan house off representatives key loktaantrik sadasya bunn gaye. faris ney jeffrey woolman koo 63.77% maton seey haraaya. 4 navambar, 2014 koo ack paddhari key roop mein, faris ney chunaav jeetaa aur jile mein seva jaari rakhee. faris ney stephany key koo haraaya. 62.33% maton key saath stikovic. 8 navambar, 2016 koo, ack sankhya key roop mein, chunaav mein jeet hassil kii haye aur jile mein seva jaari rakhee haye. abb taka joseph reno koo 53.82% vote key saath haraaya gayaa haye. vyaktigat jeevan. faris key pati johnn dee hain. cherry junier., ack poorv leftinent governor. unake dou bachche hain, megan aur johnn cherry. faris aur uska parivaar cleo, mishigan mein rahate hain. faris kii saali deborah cherry haye, joe mishigan mein ack rajneta haye.

pomm forris pomm forris (janana phebravari 15,1957) mishiganna maaji american rajakarani. forris avaru 48neey jilleya pratinidhigala mishigan housena maaji prajaprabhutva sadasyaragiddare mattu mishiganna maaji eradane mahileyagiddare. arambhika jeevana. phebravari 15,1957 randu, forris avaru flint, michigannalli janisidaru. 1975ralli, forris avaru michagan flintnalliruva powers catholic proudhashaaleyinda padavi padedaru. sikshana. forris avaru flint, michigannalliruva mott samudaaya kaalejininda gaurava sahayaka padaviyannu padedaru. forris avaru michigan flintnalliruva baker kaalejininda vevahaara aadalita-manava sampanmulagalalli padavi padedaru. vrattijeevana. forris avaru minugaarara samstheyalli general motorsonalli tamma vrattijeevanavannu praarambhisidaru. forris avaru cases samyojakaraagiddaru mattu genesi circuit court sistamnondige tirpugaarara samyojakaraagiddaru. 2003ralli, forris tirpugaarara samyojakaragi nivruttaraadaru. 2008ralli, forris 2009ravarege emm. dii. pii-mii. blue tiger naa sii. ii. oo. aadaru. 2010ralli, mott samudaaya collegina trustigala mandaliya sadasyaragalu forris avarannu nemisalaayitu. 2012rahra november 6randu, forris chunavaneyalli geddu, jilleya 48neey bhagada pratinidhigala mishigan sadanada prajasattatmaka sadasyaraadaru. forris jeffrey voolmanrannu 63.77% matagalondige solisidaru. 2014rahra november 4randu, obba adhikariyagi, forris chunavaneyalli geddaru mattu jilleya 48neey sthaanadalli seve sallisuvudannu munduvaresidaru. forris avaru stephany keey avarannu solisidaru. stikovic 62.33% matagalondige. 2016rahra november 8randu, ondu sankhyeyante, chunavaneyalli jayagalisi, jilleya 48neey sthaanadalli seve sallisuvudannu munduvaresidaru. dooradalli joseph reno avarannu 53.82% matagalondige solisidaru. vaiyaktika jeevana. forrisna pathi zaan dii. cherry zhe., maaji leftinent governor. avarige ibbaru makkaliddaare, meghan mattu zaan cherry III. forris mattu aakeya kutumbavu cleo, michigaannalli vaasisuttaare. forrisna attige deborah cherry, mishiganna rajakarani.

paam farris paam farris (jananam februvari 15,1957) mishiganil ninnulla oru muun american raashtreeyakkaaranaan. jilla 48 leeii mishigan house oof representativesile muun janaadhipathya amgavum mishigan muun second lady aanu farris. aadyakaala jeevitam. 1957 februvari 15nuu mishiganile flintilaanu farris janichathu. 1975ll mishiganile flintile powers catholica haiskoolil ninnu farris birudam nedi. vidyaabhyaasam. mishiganile flintile mottu community collegil ninnu farris oonarari associate birudam nedi. mishiganile flintile baker collegil ninnu bisinus administration-human resourcesil farris birudam nedi. currier. fisher bodiyile general motozhsilaanu farris thante currier aarambhichath. oru cases cordinatorum jeneesi surcuted kodathi samvidaanathile juurii kordinettarumaayirunnu farris. 2003ll farris juurii kordinettaraayi viramichu. 2008ll 2009 vare farris mdp-mye blue tigerinte ceo aayi. 2010ll mottu community kolejinte board oof trasttikalil amgamaakaan faarisine niyamichu. 2012 november 6 nuu farris thiranjeduppil vijayikkukayum jilla 48 leeii mishigan house oof representativesile oru janaadhipathya amgamaavukayum cheythu. farris jephri woolmane 63.77% vottukalkku paraajayappeduthi. 2014 november 4 nuu, oru sthaanaarthiyenna nilayil, farris thiranjeduppil vijayikkukayum jilla 48 ll thudarnnum sevanamanushtikkukayum cheythu. farris stephaani keey yeei paraajayappeduthi. stikkovichinu 62.33% vottukal labhichu. 2016 november 8nuu nadanna thiranjeduppil oru samkhya enna nilayil, 48-aamm jillayilekku thudarnnum sevanamanushtikkukayum cheythu. joseph reno 53.82% vottukalkku paraajayappeduthi. vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam. faarisinte bharthaav joonn dii. cherry juuniyar., muun lefttanant govarnor. avarkk megan, joonn cherry moonnaaman ennee rund makkalundu. faris kudumbavum mishiganile cleoyilaanu thaamasikkunnath. mishiganile oru raashtreeyakkaariyaaya deborah cheriyaanu faarisinte bharyasahodari.

paam faris pamm faris (janm 15 februwari 1957) haah mishiganacha majee american rajkarani aahe. faris yaa 48 vya jilhyachya pratinidhimandalache majee lokshahi sadasya aanee mishiganchya majee duyyam mahila aahet. prarambhik jeevan. 15 februwari 1957 roji, farisacha janm flint, mishigan yethe jhaala. 1975 madhye, farisne flint, mishigan yetheel power catholic highschoolmadhun padvi prapt kelee. shikshan. farisne flint, mishigan yetheel mooat samudayik mahavidhyalayatun manad sahyogi padvi midavali. farisne flint, mishigan yetheel bekar mahavidhyalayatun vyavasay prashasana-manav sansadhan yaa vishayat padvi prapt kelee. karkird. farisne tichya karkirdichi suruvat fisher bodymadhye general motorsmadhun kelee. faris heey cases samnvayak aanee utpatti circuit court pranaliche jurie samnvayak hote. 2003 madhye, faris heey jurie samnvayak mhanoon nivrutt jhaale. 2008 madhye, faris 2009 paryant emm. dii. pii.-emm. aay. blue tigerche mukhya karyakari adhikari banale. 2010 madhye, mutt samudayik mahavidhyalayachya vishvast mandalache sadasya honyasathi faris yanchi niyukti karnyat aalee. 6 november 2012 roji, farisne nivadanuk jinkley aanee 48 vya jilhyasathichya mishigan pratinidhi sabhagruhacha lokshahi sadasya banala. farisne jeffrey woolmancha 63.77% matanni parabhav keela. 4 november 2014 roji vidyaman umedvar mhanoon farisne nivadanuk jinkley aanee 48 vya jeelhyat seva suru thewali. farisne stephany keey. chaa parabhav keela. 62.33% matansah stikovic. 8 november 2016 roji, eka sankhyabal mhanoon, phaar nivadanuk jinkley gelee aanee 48 vya jeelhyat seva dett rahile. phaar joseph renocha 53.82% matanni parabhav keela. vaiyaktik jeevan. farisacha patee johnn dii. aahe. cherry junier., majee leftnunt governor. tyanna megan aanee johnn cherry tisra ashee done mule aahet. faris aanee tiche kutumb mishiganchya cleo yethe rahatat. farisachi mehuni deborah cherry aahe, jee mishiganmadhil rajkarani aahe.

pamm faris pamm faris (janma february 15,1957) mishiganka purva americi rajnitigya hun. faris zilla 48 kaa lagi pratinidhiharuko mishigan houseka purva loktantrik sadasya rar mishiganki purva dosro mahila hun. prarambhik jiwan. february 15,1957 maa, farisko janma flint, mishiganma bhaeko thiyo. sann 1975 maa, farisle flint, mishiganko pawar catholic hai schoolbata snatak gare. shiksha. farisle flint, mishiganko mott community kalejbata manartha associate degree prapta gare. farisle flint, mishiganko becker kalejbata wyapar prashasana-manav sansadhanma snatak degree prapta gare. currier. farisle fisher badima general motorsbata afno currier suru gareki thiin. faris cases sanyojak rar utpatti circuit court pranalisanga jurie sanyojak thie. sann 2003 maa faris nirnayak mandalko sanyojakka rupma sewaniwritta bhae. sann 2008 maa, faris sann 2009 samma mdp-mi blue tigerko siio bane. sann 2010 maa, farislai mott samudayik collegeko board aff trustiko sadasya banna niyukta garieko thiyo. november 6,2012 maa, farisle chunawa jite rar zilla 48 kaa lagi mishigan house aff representativesko loktantrik sadasya bane. farisle jeffrey ulmanlai 63.77% matle parajit gare. november 4,2014 maa, ek wartamanko rupma, farisle chunawa jite rar zilla 48 ko sewa jaari rakhe. farisle stephany key lai parajit gare. stikobhich 62.33% matka sath. november 8,2016 maa, ek sankhyaka rupma, chunawa jityo rar zilla 48 ko sewa jaari rakhyo. farr josef renolai 53.82% matka sath parajit bhayo. wyaktigat jiwan. fariska pati john dee hun. chery junier., purva leftinent governer. uniharuka dui santan chhan, megan rar john chery III. faris rar unko pariwar cleo, mishiganma baschhan. fariski bahini deborah chery hun, jo mishiganki rajnitigya hun.

paam faris paam faris (janma februari 15,1957) mishigan rahr jane purbatana americae rajneta . faris mishiganra 48 zillah pratinidhi sabhara jane purbatana ganatantrika sadasya ebong mishiganra jane purbatana dwiteeja mahila. prarambhika zeeban. 1957 masiha februari 15 tarikhare, faris mishiganra flintre janmagrahana karithile. 1975 masihare, faris mishiganra flintsthita powers catholic haiskularu snataka hassel karithile. sikhya. faris mishiganra flintsthita mote community kalejaru eka sammanajanaka sahajogee degree hassel karithile. faris mishiganra flintsthita bekara kalejaru byabasai prashasana-manab sambalare snataka degree hassel karithile. kyariyara. faris fisher buddy thaare general motorsray nijara kyariyara arambha karithile. faris jane cases sanjojaka ebong genesi circuit court system sahita jurie sanjojaka thile . 2003 masihare, faris jane jurie sanjojaka bhabe absar neithile. ନେଇଥିଲେ।, faris 2009 parjyanta emm. dii. pii.-mea. blue tigerer ceo hoithile. 2010 masihare, mutt community colleger trusty boarder sadasya heba paain pharisanku nijukta karajaithila. navember 6,2012 ray, faris nirbachanare jitithile ebong zillah 48 paain mishigan house off representativesra jane ganatantrika sadasya hoithile. faris jephre ulamyananku 63.77% bhot sahita parasta karithile. navember 4,2014 ray, jane dajitware thiba bhabare, faris nirbachanare jitithile ebong zillah 48 ray seba jaari rakhithile. faris stephany kee nku parasta karithile. 62.33% bhota sahita stikobhich. navember 8,2016 ray, eka sankhya bhabare, nirbachana jitichhi ebong zillah 48 ray seba jaari rakhichhi. eparjyanta joseph renonku 53.82% bhot sahita parasta karichhi . byaktigata zeeban. pharisnka swamee heuchhanti zohn dii. cherry juniara., jane purbatana leftnant gabharnara. semanankara duiti santan achanti, meghan ebong zohn cherry truteeja. faris ebong taanka paribara mishiganra kliore ruhanti. pharisnka bhinoi heuchhanti mishigan rahr jane rajneta deborah cherry.

paam faris paam faris (janam 15 farvari, 1957) mishigan toon ikk sabka amriki siasatdan haii. faris zilha 48 laee mishigan haaoos aaf representatives dee sabka jamhuri member atey mishigan dee sabka duji mahila haii. mudhla jeevan. 15 farvari, 1957 noon, faris daa janam flint, mishigan witch hoiaa see. 1975 witch, faris neey flint, mishigan witch powers catholic hyee school toon graduation keeti. sikkhiaa. faris neey flint, mishigan witch mott community kaalaj toon aanreri associate dee digri prapat keeti. faris neey mishigan dey flint dey bekar kaalaj toon busions administration-human resource witch bachelor dee digri prapat keeti. carrier. faris neey aapne carrier dee shuruat fisher baadi witch general motors toon keeti see. faris ikk case coordinator atey jansi circut court system naal ikk jioori coordinator see. 2003 witch, faris ikk jioori coordinator vajon sevamukt hoow gaye. 2008 witch, faris 2009 takk aimm. dee. pee.-aimm. aaee. blue tiger daa see. ee. ou. bann giaa. sann 2010 witch, faris noon mott community kaalaj dey trusty board daa member niyukat keeta giaa see. 6 navambar, 2012 noon, faris neey chonh jitti atey zilha 48 laee mishigan haaoos aaf representatives daa ikk jamhuri member bann giaa. faris neey jaifri wolman noon 63.77% votan naal haraiaa. 4 navambar, 2014 noon, ikk maujuda ahudedar vajon, faris neey chonh jitti atey zilhe 48 witch seva jaari rakkhi. faris neey stephany keey noon haraiaa. stikovic noon 62.33% vott mille. 8 navambar, 2016 noon, ikk ginti dey roop witch, chonhan jittiaan gaeeaan atey zilhe 48 witch seva jaari rakkhi gaee. phaar noon joseph reno noon 53.82% vott naal haraiaa giaa. nijji jeevan. faris daa patee john dee haii. cherry junier, ikk sabka leftinent governor. uhanan dey doou bacche hunn, megan atey john cherry III. faris atey uss daa parivaar cleo, mishigan witch rahinde hunn. faris dee bharjai deborah cherry haii, joe mishigan dee ikk siasatdan haii.

paam faaris paam faaris (janma 15 febravari 1957) mishigan-deshasya poorva-american-raajaneetidnyah asti. faaris ityeshah 48 mandalasya mishigan-pratinidhi-sabhaayaah poorva-lokataantrik-sadasyah, mishigan-nagarasya poorva-dwiteeya-mahilaa cha asti. praarambhikajeevanam. 1957 februvari 15 dinaanke faaris ityeshah mishigan-nagarasya flint-nagare ajayata. 1975 tame varshe, faaris ityeshah mishigan-deshasya flint-nagarasya powers-catholic-ucchavidyaalayaat snaatakapadaveem praptavan. shikshate. faaris ityeshah mishigan-deshasya flint-nagarasya mott-samudaay-mahaavidyaalayaat maanad-saha-upaadhim praptavan. faaris ityeshah mishigan-deshasya flint-nagarasya becker-mahaavidyaalayaat vaanijya-prashaasan-maanav-samsaadhana-vishaye snaatakapadaveem praptavan. vruttihi. faaris ityeshaa matsyapaalakeshu samanya-motors-samsthaayaam swasya vruttijeevanam aarabhat. faaris ityayam prakarana-samanwayakah, janasee-circuit-nyayalaya-vyavasthaayaah nirnaayak-samanwayakah cha aasit. 2003 tame varshe faaris ityeshah nirnaayak-samanvayakaroopena nivruttah abhavat. 2008 tame varshe, faaris 2009 tamavarshaparyantam emm. dee. pee.-mee. bloo-tagger ityasya see. ee. o. abhavat. 2010 tame varshe, mott-samudayika-mahaavidyaalayasya nyasi-mandalasya sadasyatvena faaris-varyaha niyuktah. 2012 tame varshe navambaramaasasy 6 dinaanke faaris-varyaha nirvaachane vijayam praapya 48 mandalasya mishigan-pratinidhi-sabhaayaah lokataantrikasadasyah abhavat. faaris-varyaha jeffrey-woolman-ityenam 63.77% mataihi parajayata. 2014 tame varshe navambaramaasasy 4 dinaanke, vidyamaanah faris ityeshah nirvaachane vijayam praapya 48 mandale sevaam anwawartat. faaris ityeshah stephany key ityenam parajayata. stikovich ityanena 62.33% mataihi saha. 2016 tame varshe november-masasya 8 dinaanke, ganarupena, nirvaachanam jitvaa, 48 mandaleshu sevaam anwawartat. faara iti saha joseph reno ityenam 53.82% mataihi parajayata. vyaktigatajeevanam. faaris ityasya patihi jaan dee asti. cheree jey. aar., purvena leftinent governor. teshaam dwau putraah santi, megan, jaan cheree III cha. faaris, tasyaah parivaarah cha kliyo, mishigan-nagare nivasanti. faaris ityasya bhaginee deborah cheree iti mishigan-deshasya rajanetri asti.

paam fariz paam forris (prappu pipravari 15,1957) michchiganaich saerntha munnaal america arasiyalvaathi aavaar. fariz 48aam maavattathirkaana pirathinithikalin michikan sabaiyin munnaal jananaayaga uruppinarum, michikanin munnaal irandaavathu penmaniyum aavaar. aarambagaala vaazhkkai. pipravari 15,1957 andru, forris flind, michikanil piranthaar. 1975 aam aandil, forris flind, michikanil ulla bowers catholica uyarnilaip pallyil pattam pettraar. kalvi. forris flind, michikanil ulla mott samoogak kallooriyil kavurava inai pattam pettraar. forris physinus administration-manitha valangkalil ilangkalai pattam pettraar, flind, michikanil ulla backer kallooriyil. thozhil. fariz meenava amaippil general moattarkalil thanathu vaazhkkaiyaith thodangkinaar. fariz oru vazhakku orunginaippaalaraagavum, jaenee surcute neethimandra amaippudan oru jurie orunginaippaalaraagavum irunthaar. 2003 aam aandil, fariz oru naduvar orunginaippaalaraaka oaivu pettraar. 2008 aam aandil, 2009 varai emm. dii. pii-mii neela puliyin thalaimai nirvaaga athikaariyaaga fariz aanaar. 2010 aam aandil, mott samoogak kallooriyin arangkaavalar kuzhuvil uruppinaraaga fariz niyamikkappattaar. navambar 6,2012 andru, fariz therthalil vettri pettru, mavatta 48 kkaana michikan pirathinithikal sabaiyin jananaayaga uruppinaraaga aanaar. fariz jeffrey woolmanai 63.77% vaakkugaludan thoarkadiththaar. navambar 4,2014 andru, oru pathaviyil irunththa forries therthalil vettri pettru, thodarnthu maavattaththil 48vadhu idaththil paniyaattrinaar. forries stephany kae-vaii thoarkadiththaar. stigovich 62.33% vaakkugaludan. navambar 8,2016 andru, oru ennikkaiyaaka, therthalil ventrathu mattrum thodarnthu maavattaththil saevai seikirathu. idhuvarai josaph renovai 53.82% vaakkugaludan thoarkadiththaar. thanipatta vaazhkkai. forrisin kanavar john dii. cherri juuniyar., munnaal leptinent covernor. avarkalukku maegan mattrum john cherri III endra irandu kuzhandhaigal ullanar. farizum avarathu kudumbamum michikanil ulla cleovil vasikkintranar. farizin maiththunar deborah cherri, michikanil ulla oru arasiyalvaathi.

paam forris paam forris (jananam fibravari 15,1957) michigaon kuu chendina maajee american raajakeeyavetta. forris jilla 48kii chendina pratinidhula sabha maajee prajaasvaamya sabhyudu mariyu mishigaon maajee rendava mahila. prarambha jeevitam. fibravari 15,1957naa, faris michigaanlooni flintlo janminchaadu. 1975loe, forris michigaanlooni flintloni powers catholic haiskool nundi pattabhadrudayyaadu. vidya. forris michigaanlooni flintloni mott community kalaasaala nundi gourava associate degreeni sampaadinchaadu. forris michigaanlooni flintloni baker kalaasaala nundi business administration-human resourceslo bachelor degreeni sampaadinchaadu. vrutti. forris fisher baadeelo general motors vadda thana vruttini praarambhinchindi. forris oka cases coordinator mariyu geny circuit kortu vyavasthatho jurie coordinator. 2003loe, forris jurie samanvayakartagaa padavee viramana chesaaru. 2008loe, forris 2009 varaku emm. dii. pii-mii blue tiger yokka seeogaa maarindi. 2010loe, mooat community kalaasaalaku dharmakartala mandalilo sabhyudiga maaradaaniki faarisnu niyaminchaaru. 2012 november 6naa, forris ennikalaloo vijayam saadhinchi, jilla 48kii chendina michagan pratinidhula sabhalo prajaasvaamya sabhyudayyadu. forris jeffrey umen nuu 63.77% otlatho oodinchaadu. 2014 november 4naa, oka adhikara pratinidhigaa, forris ennikalaloo vijayam saadhinchi, 48va jillaalo konasagaru. forris stephany kenu oodinchaadu. stikovic 62.33% otlatho. 2016 november 8naa, oka sankhyagaa, ennikalaloo chaalaa varaku gelichi, 48va jillaalo konasagaru. chaalaa varaku 53.82% otlatho joseph renoni oodinchaaru. vyaktigata jeevitam. forris bhartha zaan dii. cherry zhe., maajee leftinent governor. vaariki iddaru pillalu unnaaru, meghan mariyu zaan cherry III. forris mariyu aame kutumbam cleo, michigaanlo nivasistunnaaru. faris yokka attamaama deborah cherry, michigaanlooni raajakeeyavetta.

paam faars paam faars (paidaish 15 faroori 1957) mashee gunn say taaluq rakhnay waalay eek saabiq americi seyasat daan haine. faars zalaa 48 kay liye mashee gunn house aaf representitose kay saabiq jamhuri rakan aur mashee gunn kii saabiq second leady haine. ibtadayi zindagi. 15 faroori 1957 kuu faars flint mashee gunn mein paida hoay. 1975 mein faars nay flint mashee gunn mein pawarz catholic hayee school say graduation kiyaa. taleem. faars nay flint mashee gunn kay moat community college say aizazi aisosi aett kii digri haasil kii. faars nay funt mashee gunn kay bekar college say buznis administration-human resource mein bachelor kii digri haasil kii. carrier. faars nay apnay carrier kaa aaghaz maahi gair tanzim mein general motors say kiyaa. faars eek kees coordinator aur genesi circuit court system kay saath jewari coordinator thay. 2003 mein faars jewari coordinator kay toor parr retire hoay. 2008 mein faars 2009 takk ayem ddee pee-ayem aayee blue tiger kay see ayee awo bunn gayey. 2010 mein faars kuu moat community college kay board aaf trusteez kaa rakan bannay kay liye muqarar kiyaa gayaa. 6 nomber 2012 cow faars nay election jeeth liyaa aur zalaa 48 kay liye mashee gunn house aaf representitose kaa jamhuri rakan bunn gayaa. faars nay jeefri wolman kuu 63.77% woton say shakast dee. 4 nomber 2014 cow eek maujudah amidwar kay toor parr faars nay election jeeth liyaa aur zalaa 48 mein khidmaat anjaam deetay rahay. faars nay stephany kay kuu shakast dee. steakowaich kuu 62.33% woton kay saath. 8 nomber 2016 cow eek aksariyati kay toor parr intekhabat mein behat door takk jeeth haasil kii gayee aur zalaa 48 mein khidmaat anjaam deetay rahay. ubhee takk jozaf reno kuu 53.82% woat kay saath shakast dee gayee hay. zaati zindagi. faars kaa shohar jaan ddee hay. cheeri juniyar.saabiq leftinent governor. inn kay duu bachay haine meeghan aur jaan cheeri III. faars aur iss kaa khaandaan cleave mashee gunn mein rehtay haine. faars kii behan deborah cheeri hay juu mashee gunn kii seyasat daan hay.

000208598fc72ea16daf113355f9abd62d359baa74d0c28a24381bc9cc7c6a38

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=21392241

Ram Diwali

Ram Diwali Place in Punjab, Pakistan Ram Diwali () is a locality in Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan. It comprises four villages which are locally identified as "Chak No. 112 JB", "Chak No. 2 JB", "Chak No. 3 JB" and "Chak No. 4 JB". The locality is situated on Sargodha Road and lies to the north of the city of Faisalabad, away from Pakistan's M–3 Motorway, and is mainly inhabited by ethnic Punjabi Jats of the Randhawa clan. Prior to the Partition of British India in August 1947, the predominantly Muslim locality was also inhabited by Sikhs, who migrated to Amritsar after the creation of Pakistan. Other ethnic Punjabi Jat clans, namely the Gill and Sandhu, are also settled in Ram Diwali. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

raam diwali raam diwali () hoise pakistanor ponjabor foisalabad jilaar etaa onchol. iyat sarita gaau aase jaak sthaniyobhabe "sok nong. 112 jebi ", chaak nong. 2 jebi "," chaak nombor. 3 jebi "aaru" chaak nong. 4 jebi ". oncholtu xorgudha pothot owosthito aaru pakistanor em-3 motorower poraa durot foisalabad sohoror uttore owosthito, aaru iyat mulotoh randhawa bongxor jatigoto ponjabi jatxokol baax kore. 1947 sonor aagosto maahot britis bharot bibhajonor purbe, pakistan sristir pisot omorisaroloi probrojon koraa xikhoxokoleu prodhankoi musolman oncholot baax korisil. onyanyo jatigoto ponjabi jaat bongxo, jene gill aaru xondhu, raam diwalit boxoti sthapon kore.

raam diwali raam diwali pakistaner panjab rajyer faisalabad jelara ekti elaka. etty charti grama niye gothito jaa sthaniyobhabe "chock nong. 112 jebi ", chaak nong. 2 jebi, "chaak nong. 3 jebi "ebong" chaak nong. 4 jebi. eyi elakati sargodha rastai abosthito ebong pakistaner emm-3 motorway theke doore faisalabad shohorer uttore abosthito ebong ekhane prodhanoto randhaoa bongsher jatigoto panjabi jatra baas korey. 1947 saaler auguste british bharat bibhager agey, prodhanoto muslim elaka shikhrao bosobas koroto, jaaraa pakistan gathoner porr amritsare choley aase. anyanno jatigoto panjabi zaat gosthi, jemon gill ebong sandhuo raam diwalite bosoti sthapon korey.

raam diwali raam diwali () aee pakistanna punjab rajyanaa faisalabad jeellano aek vistaar chhe. temaa chaar gaamono samaavesh thaay chhe, jeey sthaaneek reete "chuck nann. 112 jeey. bii. ", chuck nann. 2 jeey. bii. ", chuck nann. 3 jeey. bii. "aneey" chuck nann. 4 jeey. bii. ". aaa vistaar sargodhaa maarg parr aavelo chhe aneey pakistanna aema-3 motorwaythi door faisalabad shahernee uttarmaa aavelo chhe aneey aheen mukhyatve randhaava koodnaa vansheey punjabi jaat vase chhe. august 1947maan british bhaaratnaa bhagla pahelaa, mukhyatve muslim vistaarmaa sheekh loko pann raheta hataa, jeo pakistan banyaa pachhi amrutsarma sthalaantarit thayaa hataa. anya vansheey punjabi jaat koodo, etale keey gill aneey sandhu pann raam diwalima sthaayi thaay chhe.

raam deepawali raam diwali () pakistan key panjab raajya key faislabad zile mein sthit ack ilaka haye. isamen chaar gaanv shamil hain jinhen sthaaniya roop seey "chuck nam. 112 jey. bee., "chuck nam. 2 jey. bee., "chuck naheen. 3 jey. bee. "aur" chuck nam. 4 jey. bee. ". yeh ilaka sargodha sadak parr sthit haye aur pakistan key aim-3 motorway seey door faislabad shahar key uttar mein sthit haye, aur mukhya roop seey randhawa kabile key jaatiya panjabi jaaton dwara basaa huaa haye. agast 1947 mein british bhaarat key vibhajan seey pahale, mukhya roop seey musalman ilaake mein sikh bhee rahate they, joe pakistan key nirmaan key baad amritsar chaley gaye they. anya jaatiya panjabi jaat kabile, arthaat gill aur sandhu bhee raam diwali mein basey hain.

raam deepawali raam diwali () pakistanada panjabna faisalabad jilleya ondu pradeshavaagide. idu sthaliyavaagi "chuck namm. 112 jb, "chuck namm. 2 jb, "chuck namm. 3 jb "mattu" chuck namm. 4 jb ". ee pradeshavu sargodha rasteyallide mattu pakistanada emm-3 motaru maargadinda dooradalliruva faisalabad nagarada uttaradallide mattu mukhyavaagi randhawa kulada janangiya panjabi jatgalu vasisuttiddare. 1947rahra augustinalli british bhaaratada vibhajanege modalu, pradhaanavaagi muslim pradeshavu sikkhara vasavagittu, avaru pakistan rachaneyaada nantara amrutasarakke valase bandaru. itara janangiya panjabi jott kulagalaada gill mattu sandhugalu saha raam deepavaliyalli nelesiddaare.

raam deepavali paakisthaanile panchaabile faizalabad jillayile oru pradesamaanu raam diwali. praadeshikamaayi "chuck nambar" ennu thirichariyappedunna naalu gramangal ithil ulppedunnu. 112 jebi, "chaakk nambar. 2 jebi, "chaakk nambar. 3 jebi ", chaakk nambar. 4 jeey. bii. ". sargodha roadle sthithi cheiyunna eee pradesham faizalabad nagarathinu vadakku, paakisthaante emm-3 motorwayil ninnu akaleyaan, pradhaanamaayum randhaava vamshathile vamseeya panchabi jattukal ivide vasikkunnu. 1947 augustil britiish indiayude vibhajanathinu munbu, paakistaan roopeekarichathinushesham amrithsarilekku kudiyeriya sikhukaarum eee musleem bhooripaksha pradeshathu adhivasichirunnu. mattu vamseeya panchabi jaatt vamshangalaaya gill, sandhu ennivayum raam deepawalik keezhil sthirathaamasamaakkunnu.

raam diwali raam diwali () haah pakistanatil panjab rajyatil faisalabad jilhyatil eka parisar aahe. yaat chaar gave aahet jee sthanik patalivar 'chuck nam. 112 jeey. bii., "chuck kra. 2 jeey. bii., "chuck kra. 3 jeey. bii. aanee chuck kra. 4 jeey. bii. ". haah parisar sargodha rastyavar vasalela aahe aanee pakistanchya emm-3 motarvepasoon door faisalabad shaharachya uttarela aahe aanee yethe pramukhyane randhava kulatil vanshik panjabi jaat rahatat. august 1947 madhye british bharatachya falanipurvi, pramukhyane muslim asalelya parisarat sheekh lokahi rahat hote, jeey pakistan nirman jhalyanantar amrutsarla sthalantarit jhaale. gill aanee sandhu yaa itar vanshik panjabi jaat kulanmadhyehi raam diwalit sthayik hotat.

ramm dipawali ramm dipawali () pakistanko panjabko faisalabad jillako euta ilaka how. yasama charawata gaaunharu samawesh chhan jaslai sthaniya rupma "chak nan. 112 jeby "," chak nan. 2 jeby, "chak nan. 3 jeby "rar" chak nan. 4 jeby. yo ilaka sargodha sadakma awasthit chha rar pakistanko emm-3 motorwebata tadha faisalabad saharko uttarma awasthit chha, rar mukhyataya randhawa kulka jatiya panjabi jatharu basobas garchhan. august 1947 maa britis bharatko vibhajan hunuaghi, mukhya rupma muslim ilakama sikhharu pani basobas garthe, jo pakistanko nirmanpachhi amritsarma basain sareka thie. anya jatiya panjabi jaat kulharu, arthat gill rar sandhu pani ramm dipawalima basobas garchhan.

raama diwali raama diwali () pakistanara panjab rajyara faisalabada jillara eka anchala. ethire charoti gramm rahichhi, jaahaaku sthaniah bhabe "chuck nong. 112 jay. bii., "chuck nong. 2 jay. bii., "chuck nong. 3 jay. bii. "ebong" chuck nong. 4 jay. bii. ". ehi anchala saragodha rastare abasthita ebong faisalabada saharar uttarare, pakistanara emm-3 motorway thaaru doorare abasthita, ebong mukhyatah randhawa banshara jatigata panjabi jatamane baasa karanti . 1947 augustre british bharat bibhajan purbaru, mukhyatah musalman anchalare shikhamane madhya basabasa karuthile, jeunmane pakistan srusti heba parey amrutasaraku palajana karithile. anya panjabi jatigosthi jathaa gill ebong sandhu madhya raama diwalire basabasa karanti.

raam diwali raam diwali () pakistan dey punjab raaj dey faislabad zilhe daa ikk ilaka haii. iss witch chaar pind shamal hunn jinhan dee sathanak taur utte pachanh "chuck nann. 112 jey. bee., "chuck nann. 2 jey. bee., "chaak nann. 3 jey. bee. "atey" chuck nann. 4 jey. bee. ih ilaka sargodha sadak utte sathit haii atey pakistan dey aimm-3 motorway toon door faislabad shehar dey uttar witch sathit haii, atey mukkh taur utte randhawa kabile dey nasli punjabi jaatan duaara vasiaa hoiaa haii. agast 1947 witch british bharat dee vandd toon pahilan, mukkh taur utte musalman ilaake witch sikkh vee rahinde sunn, joe pakistan dee sirjana toon baad amritsar chaley gaye sunn. horr nasli punjabi jott kabile, jiven kii gill atey sandhu vee raam diwali witch vasse hoye hunn.

raama-dipavali raama-dipavali () pakistanasya panjaab-rajyasya faisalabad-mandale sthitah pradesha asti. asmin chatwaarah graamaah santi ye sthaniyarupena "chak nam" iti namna chinvanti. 112 jey. bee., "chak nam. 2 jey. bee., "chak nam. 3 jey. bee. "tathaa" chak nam ". 4 jey. bee. ". ayam pradesha saragodha-maarge sthitah asti, pakistanasya emm-3 motaaru-margat doore faisalabad-nagarasya uttardishi sthitah asti, mukhyataya randhavaa-vamshasya jaateey-panjabi-jaat ityete nivasanti. 1947 august-maase british-bharatasya vibhajanat poorvam, mukhyataya muslim-janaah nivasantah asmin pradeshe sikkha-janaah api nivasanti sma, ye pakistanasya nirmananantaram amrutasaram prati pravaasam krutavantah. anyeshu panjabi-jaati-jaat-vamshaaha yathaa gill, sandhu cha raama-dipavali-utsavasya samaye sthitaah santi.

raam deepavali raam diwali () enbathu bagistan panjaabil ulla faizalabad maavattaththil ulla oru vattaaramaagum. idhu naanku kiraamangalaik kondullathu, avai ullooril "sakk enn. 112 jay. pii., "sakk enn. 2 jay. pii, "sakk illai. 3 jay. pii "mattrum" sakk enn. 4 jay. pii. inththa pakuthi sarkota saalaiyil amainthullathu mattrum bagistan emm-3 motor paathaiyilirunthu vilagi faizalabad nagarin vadakkae amainthullathu, maelum randawa kulatthaich saerntha ina panjaabi jaattukal mukkiyamaaga vasikkintranar. august 1947 ill british india privinaikku munbu, musleemgal perumbaanmaiyaaga irunththa paguthiyil seekkiyarkalum vasiththu vanthanar, avarkal bagistan uruvaakkappatta piragu amrithsarukku kudipeyarnthanar. kill mattrum santhu poantra pira panjaabi ina jodd kulangalum raam deepaavaliyil kudiyaerinar.

raam deepavali raam deepavali () pakistan looni punjab raashtramloni faisalabad jillaalo unna oka praantam. idhi sthaanikamgaa "chuck nem. 112 jebi, "chuck nem. 2 jebi, "chuck nem. 3 jebi "mariyu" chuck nem. 4 jebi ". eee praantam sargodha rahadaaripai undhi mariyu pakistan yokka emm-3 motaru maargaaniki dhooramgaa faisalabad nagaraniki uttaraana undhi, mariyu pradhanamgaa randhawa vamsaaniki chendina punjabi jaatula jaatlu nivasistunnaaru. 1947 augustulo british india vibhajanaku mundu, pakistan erpadina taruvaata amrutsarku valasa vacchina sikkulu kooda pradhanamgaa muslim praantamloo nivasinchevaaru. itara jaathi punjabi jott vamsaalu, gill mariyu sandhu kooda raam deepavali loe sthirapaddaaru.

raam dewali raam dewali () faisal aabaad zalaa panjaab pakistan kaa eek elaqah hay. yaha chaar dehaton parr mushtamil hay jinn kii maqami toor parr "chukk number" kay toor parr shanakhat kii gayee hay. 112 jay bii "chukk number. 2 jay bii "chukk number. 3 jay bee "aur" chukk number. 4 jay bee. yaha elaqah srgodha road parr waaqa hay aur faisal aabaad shehar kay shamaal mein pakistan kii ayem-3 motor way say door waaqa hay aur yahaan bunyadi toor parr randhawa qabeelay kay nasli panjabi jaat aabaad haine. agast 1947 mein bartanvi hindustan kii taqsim say pehley ziyadah tarr musliman elaqay mein sikh bhee aabaad thay juu pakistan kii tashkil kay baad amritsar hijrat kirr gayey thay. deegar nasli panjabi jutt qabeelay yauni gull aur sandho bhee raam dewali mein aabaad hotay haine.

0002087432ffabe215bcfd8ef770460f56e75fe5692ef87e8eb47f35ed7fd687

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=54703296

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bii-pii. aesa. aee. federation off keneda

kanada kaa bee-pee. aiss. aeye. sangh

bii-pii. ess. aii. federation auph canada

kanadara bii-pii. ess. aii. federation

canada dee bee-pee. aiss. aii. federation

00020b008730045ce5f8f6642a959bce65782bdb09d35f3a4a95fbce5ca18ceb

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42478568

Aotus dindensis

Aotus dindensis Extinct species of monkey Aotus dindensis is an extinct species of New World monkeys in the genus "Aotus" from the Middle Miocene (Laventan in the South American land mammal ages; 13.8 to 11.8 Ma). Its remains have been found at the Konzentrat-Lagerstätte of La Venta in the Honda Group of Colombia. Etymology. The species has been named after the locality its fossils have been found, the El Dinde site of the "Monkey Unit" in the Honda Group, Colombia. Description. Fossils of "Aotus dindensis" were discovered in 1986 in the Honda Group, that has been dated to the Laventan, about 12.5 to 12.1 Ma. The species is considered the oldest member of "Aotus", recognised for the almost identical mandibular and dental morphology. It may be the ancestor of the extant "Aotus" species of South America, though other authors consider the species a synonym of "Mohanamico". The material consists of a left hemimandible, a left maxillary fragment preserving roots and lingual half of M3. The dental parts of "Aotus dindensis" was more primitive than that of extant "Aotus". As the night monkeys of today, "Aotus dindensis" probably had a similar nocturnal lifestyle, with a less specialised diet. A body mass of has been estimated for "Aotus dindensis". The teeth of "Aotus dindensis" show a tendency for sexual dimorphism, which is degenerate in modern "Aotus" species. The species itself seems to have been nocturnal, but it is believed that the characteristics of its diurnal ancestors remained. The locomotion of "Aotus", "Callicebus", "Cebupithecia" and the Argentinian genus "Dolichocebus" has been described as primarily quadrupedal with some leaping. Evolution. The evolutionary split in New World monkeys between Callitrichidae and "Aotus" has been estimated at 17.5 Ma. The Early Miocene origin for the genus "Aotus" is the longest of primates, with only "Macaca" traceable to the Late Miocene, approximately eight million years ago. Habitat. The Honda Group, and more precisely the "Monkey Beds", are the richest site for fossil primates in South America. It has been argued that the monkeys of the Honda Group were living in habitat that was in contact with the Amazon and Orinoco Basins, and that La Venta itself was probably seasonally dry forest. From the same level as where "Aotus dindensis" has been found, also fossils of "Cebupithecia", "Micodon", "Mohanamico", "Saimiri annectens", "Saimiri fieldsi" and "Stirtonia tatacoensis" have been uncovered. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

autas dindencies autas dindencies hoise modhyo mayusin (dokhyin aamerikar sthol stonyopayi jugor leventan; 13.8-11.8 maa) ror poraa "autas" gonor notun biswo bandoror ek bilupto projati. iyar owoxistoxomuh columbier honda gutor laa venter congentrat-leggerstatet puwa goise. byutpotti. ei projatitur naam iyar jiwashmo puwa sthaniyo oncholor naamere rokha hoise, columbier honda gutor "baanor gutt" ror el dinde sait. bornona. autas dindencies" ror jiwasmoxomuh 1986 sonot honda gutot abiskar koraa hoisil, jitu leventanor xomoyor, pray 12.5-12.1 maa. pray eke dhoronor mendibular aaru dentel morph "lojir baabe swikrito ei projatituk" autas "ror ataitkoi puroni xodosyo buli gonyo koraa hoy. ee dokhyin aamerikar bortomanor "autas" projatir purbopurux hoh 'bob paare, jodiu aan lekhoke ei projatituk "muhonamiku" ror protik buli gonyo kore. ei xamogritut etaa baufalor hemimendibol, xipa xongrokhyon koraa etaa baufalor maxilory khondo aaru aaru bhaxik aadha thaake. "autas dindencies" ror daator ongxobur bortomanor "autas" tokoi odhik aadim aasil. aajir nixar bandorxokolor dore, "autas dindencies" ror hoyotu ekedhoronor nixar jiwanxoili aasil, zo "too komm bixex aahar aasil. autas dindencies" ror baabe xoriror bhor onuman koraa hoise. autas dindencies" ror daate jouno dirupotar probonota dekhuway, jitu aadhunik "autas" projatit obokhyoy hoy. ei projatitu nijei nixariya zen laage, kintu biswax koraa hoy je iyar doinondin purbopuruxxokolor boixistyobur etiyau aase. autas", "kelisebas", "sebupithesia" aaru argentiniyo gono "dolisusebas" ror gotixilotak prathomikbhabe sarigunor buli bornona koraa hoise zo "too kichu laaf diya hoy. biborton. notun prithibir bandorburot calitricidae aaru "autas" ror maajot bibortoniyo bibhajon 17.5 maa onuman koraa hoise. autas" gonor prarombhik miyo 'chinn utpotti primator bhitorot ataitkoi dighol, pray aath nijut bosor aagote miyo' chinor xexor faale kewol "mekaka" ror xondhan puwa yaay. baxosthan. honda gutt, aaru odhik spostobhabe "banoror xojya", dokhyin aamerikar jiwashmo primator baabe ataitkoi dhoni sthan. eitu jukti diya hoise je honda gutor bandorbure aamajon aaru orinuku owobahikar xongosporxoloi ohaa baxosthanot baax korisil, aaru laa venta nijei xombhobotoh ritugotovabe xukan oronyo aasil. autas dindencies" puwar eke storor poraa "sebupithesia", "maikro" dodd "," muhonomiku "," saimiri annectance "," saimiri fieldsy "aaru" stritonia tetak "ancis" ror jiwashmou uddhar koraa hoise.

aotas dindensis aotas dindensis holl modhyo mayosin (dakkhin americar sthol stanyapayi juge laventan; 13.8 theke 11.8 maa) theke "aotas" goner notun bishwer banorer ekti bilupto prajati. err aboshistangsho columbier honda grouper laa ventor congentrut-leggerstate pawa geche. byutpatti. columbier honda gosthir "banor unit"-err ell dinde saiter jeebashmo pawa geche. bornona. aotas dindensis"-err jeebashmo 1986 saale honda groupe abishkrito hoyechilo, jaa pray 12.5 theke 12.1 maa porjonto laventander samaykar. projatitike "aotas"-err prachintama sadasya hisabe bibechona koraa hoy, jaa pray abhinno mandibular ebong dental ongosongsthaner jonno swikrito. etty dakkhin americar vidyaman "aotas" projatir purbopurush hotey paare, jodio anyanno lekhakra eyi projatitike "mohnamiko"-rawr somarthok hisabe bibechona corren. upadanti ekti baam ordho-rokkhonjoggo, shikad sanrakkhankari ekti baam maxillary khondo ebong ebong bhasagoto ardhek niye gothito. "aotas dindensis"-err daanter ongshoguli vidyaman "aotas"-err cheye beshi adim chhilo. ajoker raater banor hisabe, "aotas dindensis"-err sombhoboto qama bishesh khaddo soho ekoi rakam nishachar jeebondhara chhilo. aotas dindensis"-err jonno ekti deher bhor anuman koraa hoyeche. aotas dindensis"-err dantguli jouno dwirupotar probonota dekhay, jaa adhunik "aotas" projatite abakshaya hoy. projatiti nijei nishachar boley money hoy, tobey etty biswas koraa hoy jey err daeenandin purbopurushder baisishtaguli roye geche. aotas", "calisbus", "sebupithesia" ebong argentine gono "dolichosebus"-err gotishilotake prathomikbhabe chaturbhuj hisabe bornona koraa hoyeche. biborton. notun bishwer banorder modhye calitrichidae ebong "aotas"-err modhye bibortoniyo bibhajan 17.5 maa anuman koraa hoyeche. aotas" goner prathomik mayosin utpotti holl primateder modhye dirghotomo, pray aatt million bochor agey mayosin juger shesher dike shudhumatra "mccacha" sonakto koraa yaay. abashsthol. honda gosthi ebong arow sunirdishtobhabe "banor bichhana" holl dakkhin americar jeebashmo primateder jonno sabcheye dhonee sthan. etty jukti deoa hoyeche jey honda gosthir banarguli amazon ebong orinoco abobahikar sangosparshe thaka abashsthole baas koroto ebong laa venta nijei sombhoboto mousumi shushko bonn chhilo. aotas dindensis"-err ekoi stor theke "sebupithesia", "microdon", "mohanmiko", "saimiri annectains", "saimiri fieldicy" ebong "stertonia tataquencies"-err jeebashmoo abishkrito hoyeche.

aotus dindenses aotus dindenses aee madhya miocene (dakshin american jameen sastan yugmaa leventon; 13.8 thee 11.8 emae) thee "aotus" jaatima navaa vishva vaandaraaoni lupt prajaati chhe. tenaa avshesho columbiana honda juthamaa laa ventaana consentrate-legerstate khaate malee aavyaa chhe. vyutpatti. aaa prajatine tenaa avshesho malee aavela vistaar, honda jooth, kolambiyama "mankee unit" noon all dinde sthal parthee naam aapvama aavyu chhe. varnan. aotus dindenses" naa avshesho 1986maan honda juthamaa malee aavyaa hataa, jeey lagbhag 12.5 thee 12.1 emae sudhee leventonnaa chhe. aaa prajatine "aotus" noow sauthee juno sabhy manvama aave chhe, jeey lagbhag samaan mandibular aneey dental morphology maate odakhaay chhe. teey dakshin americani haalnee "aotus" prajatina purvaj hoi shake chhe, joke anya lekhako aaa prajatine "mohanamiko" noon samaanaarthi maane chhe. aaa saamagreema daabi bajuae hemimandible, mulne jaalvi raakhto daabi bajuaeno maxillary tukado aneey aema3noow bhashakiy adadho bhaag hoya chhe. "aotus dindenses" naa daantnaa bhaago haalnaa "aotus" kartaa vadhu praachin hataa. aajnaa raatnaa vaandarao tareeke, "aotus dindenses" nee kadaach ochhi vishisht aahaar saathe samaan nishachar jivanshaili hatee. aotus dindenses" maate shareernaa jaththaano andaaj lagavvama aavyo chhe. aotus dindenses" naa daant jaatiy dhvirupataanu valan darshaave chhe, jeey aadhunik "aotus" prajatioma adhogati paame chhe. aaa prajaati pote nishachar hovaanu janaay chhe, parantu aevu manvama aave chhe keey tenaa dainik purvajoni lakshaniktao yathaavat rahee chhe. aotus", "calisbus", "sabupithesia" aneey argentinani jaatee "dolichosabus" naa gatishilataane mukhyatve chaardhaari tareeke varnavama aavee chhe, jemaa ketalik koodako marvama aavyo chhe. utkranti. navaa vishvanaa vandaraoma calitrichidae aneey "aotus" vachche utkranti vibhajan 17.5 emae hovaano andaaj chhe. aotus" jaatee maate praarambhik myosene mool aee vandaraoma sauthee laambu chhe, jemaa maatra "makaka" lagbhag 80 laakh varsh pahelaa myoseenna antamaa shodhee shakaay chhe. nivassthan. honda jooth aneey vadhu chokkaspane "mankee bayd", dakshin americama ashmibhoot vaandarao maatenu sauthee samruddh sthal chhe. aevee daleel karvaamaa aavee chhe keey honda juthanaa vaandarao amazone aneey orinoco tatpradeshonaa samparkma raheta nivassthanma raheta hataa, aneey laa venta pote kadaach mosamee reete shushk jungle hatoo. jyaan "aotus dindenses" malee aavyu chhe teey jaj star parthee, "sabupithesia", "microdone", "mohanamiko", "semiri annectains", "semiri fieldsy" aneey "steertoniya tataconsis" naa avshesho pann malee aavyaa chhe.

aotus dindensis aotus dindensis madhya myocene (dakshin americi bhoomi standhari ayu mein laventon; 13.8 seey 11.8 ma) seey "aotus" vansh mein nae vishva bandaron kii ack vilupt prajaati haye. isake avashesh columbia key honda samooh mein laa venta key congentrate-laserstate mein paae gaye hain. vyutpatti. iss prajaati kaa naam usa sthaan key naam parr rakhaa gayaa haye jahan isake jeevaashm paae gaye hain, columbia key honda samooh mein "bandar ikai" kaa ell dinde sthal. varnan. aotus dindensis" key jeevashmon kii khoj 1986 mein honda samooh mein kii gaee thee, joe laventon key liye dinaankit haye, lagbhag 12.5 seey 12.1 ma. iss prajaati koo "aotus" kaa sabse purana sadasya maanaa jaataa haye, joe lagbhag samaan mandibular aur dunt aakriti vigyaan key liye maanyata praapt haye. yeh dakshin america kii maujooda "aotus" prajaati kaa poorvaj hoe sakata haye, halanki anya lekhak iss prajaati koo "mohanmiko" kaa paryaay maanate hain. samagri mein ack baaen ardh-abhedya, ack baaen maxillary tukada hotaa haye joe jadon koo sanrakshit kartaa haye aur aim3 kaa bhashai aadhaa hotaa haye. "aotus dindensis" key dunt bhaag maujooda "aotus" kii tulanaa mein adhik adim they. aaj key raat key bandaron key roop mein, "aotus dindensis" kii shayed ack samaan nishaachar jeevan shally thee, jisamen cumm vishesh aahar thaa. aotus dindensis" key liye ack shareer dravyamaan kaa anuman lagaaya gayaa haye. aotus dindensis" key daant yaun dwiroopata kii pravritti dikhaate hain, joe aadhunik "aotus" prajaatiyon mein apakshayi haye. yeh prajaati swayam nishaachar prateet hoti haye, lekin yeh maanaa jaataa haye kii isake dainik poorvajon kii visheshataaen bunny hui hain. aotus", "calisbus", "sebupithesia" aur argentine key genus "dolichosebus" key chalan koo mukhya roop seey kuchh chhalang key saath chaturbhuj key roop mein varnit kiya gayaa haye. vikas. naee duniya key bandaron mein calitrichidae aur "aotus" key beach vikaasvaadi vibhajan kaa anuman 17.5 ma lagaaya gayaa haye. genus "aotus" key liye praarambhik myocene mool primates mein sabse lamba haye, jisamen kewal "makaka" kaa pataa lagbhag 80 laakh saal pahale myocene key anta mein lagaaya jaa sakata haye. nivaas sthaan. honda samooh, aur adhik sateek roop seey "bandar bistar", dakshin america mein jeevaashm primates key liye sabse ameer sthal hain. yeh tark diyaa gayaa haye kii honda samooh key bandar awas mein reh rahey they joe amezan aur orinoco besin key sampark mein they, aur yeh kii laa vent shayed mausami roop seey shushk vann thaa. usee star seey jahan "aotus dindensis" paaya gayaa haye, vahaan "sebupithesia", "microdon", "mohanmiko", "saimiri annectains", "saimiri fields" aur "stirtonia tataconsis" key jeevaashm bhee paae gaye hain.

autus dindensis iotus dindensis embudu madhya mayosene (daksina americada bhoo sastani yugadalli laventon; 13.8 rinda 11.8 maa) ninda "iotus" kulada hosa vishwa mangagala alivinanchinalliruva prabhedavagide. kolambiyaada honda gumpina laa ventaada congentrat-loggerstateyalli idara avasheshagalu kandubandive. vyutpatti. kolambiyaada honda gumpinalliruva "monkey ghataka" dha ell dinde taanavaada adara paleyulikegalu kandubanda sthalada hesarannu ee prabhedakke idalaagide. vivarane. autus dindensis" naa paleyulikegalannu 1986 ralli lamventonge serida honda gumpinalli sumaru 12.5 rinda 12.1 emm. aa. varege kanduhidiyalaayitu. ee prabhedavannu "iotus" naa atyanta haleya sadasya endu pariganisalaagide, idu bahuteka onde reetiya mandibular mattu hallina roopavignaanakke hesaruvaasiyaagide. idu daksina americada astitvadalliruva "autus" prabhedagala poorvajaraagirabahudu, aadaagyoo itara lekhakaru ee prabhedavannu "mohanamiko" ge samaanaarthakavendu pariganisuttaare. ee vastuvu eda hemimandable, eda maxillary tunukugalannu hondiddu, berugalannu samrakshisuttade mattu emm3yaya bhasha ardhabhagavannu hondiruttade. "autus dindensis" naa hallina bhagagalu astitvadalliruva "autus" ginta hecchu prachinavagive. indina ratri mangagalante, "autus dindensis" bahushah kadime vishesha aahaarakramadondige idhe reetiya ratriya jivanashailiyannu hondittu. autus dindensis" ge ondu dehada dravyaraashiyannu andaajisalaagide. autus dindensis" hallugalu laingika dviroopateya pravruttiyannu torisuttave, idu aadhunika "autus" prabhedagalalli kshinisuttade. ee prabhedavu ratriyante toruttade, aadare adara dainandina purvajara gunalakshanagalu ulidive endu nambalaagide. autus", "calisbus", "sebupithesia" mattu argenteenaada kula "dolicosabus" naa chalaneyannu prathamikavagi naalku-paadada endu vivarisalaagide. vikasa. hosa prapanchada mangagalli calitrichidae mattu "autus" naduvina vikasaneeya vibhajaneyu 17.5 maa endu andaajisalaagide. autus" kulada arambhika mayosene moolavu sastanigalalli athi uddavaagide, sumaru entu dasalaksha varshagala hinde mayosene koneyavarege kevala "macaca" annu pattehachchabahudu. aavasasthaana. honda gumpu mattu hecchu nikharavaagi "monkey bedgalu", daksina americadalli paleyulike sastanigalige atyanta srimanta taanagalaagive. honda gumpina mangagalu amezon mattu orinoco jalanayana pradeshagalondige samparkadallidda aavasasthaanadalli vaasisuttiddavu mattu laa venta bahushah rtumaanada ona aranyavagittu endu vaadisalaagide. autus dindensis" patteyaada adhe mattadinda, "sebupithesia", "microdon", "mohanamico", "saimiri annectains", "saimiri fieldsy" mattu "steratonia tataconsis" naa paleyulikegalannu saha pattehachchalaagide.

iotus dindensis maddhya mayoseen kaalaghattatthil (thekke american karaa sasthanikalude praayatthile laaventan; 13.8 muthal 11.8 maa) "iotus" janussile vamshanasham sambhavicha puthiya loka kurangukalude oru inamaanu iotus dindensis. kolambiyayile honda groupile laa ventayile konsentraatt-lagarstaatteyil ithinte avashishtangal kandethiyittundu. padavyuthpathishaasthram. kolambiyayile honda groupile "kurangan yoonittinte" ell dinde saittaya athinte fossilukal kandethiya pradeshatthinte perilaanu eee inathinu peru nalkiyirikkunnath. vivaranam. laaventan vamshathilppetta honda groupil ekadesham 12.5 muthal 12.1 emm. eiii. vare 1986-ll "iotus dindensis" enna fossilukal kandethi. eathaandu samanamaaya mandibular, dental morphology ennivaykku amgeekaaram labhicha "iotus"-leeii ettavum pazhaya amgamaayi eee inam kanakkaakkappedunnu. thekke amerikkayile nilavilulla "iotus" inathinte poorvvikanaayirikkaam ithu, ennirunnaalum mattu ezhuthukaar eee inathe "mohanamiko" yude paryaayamaayi kanakkakkunnu. eee meteeriyalil idathu hemimandible, verukal samrakshikkunna idathu maxillary sakalam, emm 3 yude bhashaaparamaaya pakuthi enniva adangiyirikkunnu. "iotus dindensis" nte danthabhaagangal nilavilulla "iotus" nekkaal aadimamaayirunnu. innathe ratri kurangukaleppole, "iotus dindensis" orupakshe samanamaaya rathrikaala jeevithashailiyundaayirunnu, kuranja prathyeka bhakshanakramam. iotus dindensis" ennathinte shareera pindam kanakkakkappettittund. aadhunika "iotus" enangalil adhapathikkunna laingika dviroopathayude pravanatha "iotus dindensis" nte pallukal kaanikkunnu. eee inam raathrikaalamaanennu thonnumenkilum athinte dainamdina poorvvikarude savisheshathakal nilanilkkunnuvennu vishwasikkappedunnu. iotus", "calisbus", "sebupithesia", arjanteeniyan januss "dolicosebus" ennivayude chalanathe praadhamikamaayi naalu paadangalullathum chila kuthichuchaattamullathumaayi visheshippichittundu. parinamam. calitrichiday "iotus" thammilulla puthiya loka kurangukalile parinaama vibhajanam 17.5 maa aayi kanakkaakkappedunnu. ekadesham ettu dasalaksham varshangalkk munbu mayoseen kaalaghattatthinte avasaanathil "makaka" maathrame kandethaan kazhiyoo ennathinaal "iotus" janussinte aadyakaala mayoseen uthbhavam praimettukalil ettavum dairkhyameriyathaanu. aavaasavyavastha. honda group kooduthal krithyamaayi paranjaal "kurangan kidakkakalum" thekke amerikkayile phoosil praimettukalude ettavum sambannamaaya sthalamaanu. honda groupile kurangukal aamason, orinoco thadangalumaayi sanbarkkam pulartthiyirunna aavaasavyavasthayilaanu jeevikkunnathennum laa venta thanne orupakshe kaalaanusrithamaayi varanda vanamaayirunnuvennum vaadikkappettittundu. iotus dindensis" kandethiya athe thalatthil ninnu "sebupithesia", "microdon", "mohanmiko", "saimiri annectance", "saimiri feeldsy", "stirattoniya tataconsis" ennivayude fossilukalum kandethiyittundu.

aotus dindensis aotus dindensis hii madhya myosene (dakshin american bhoo sastan prani yugatil laventon; 13.8 teey 11.8 emm. aii.) pasoon "aotus" vanshatil naveen jaagtik makadanchi namshesh jhaleli prajati aahe. tyache avashesh colombiachya honda gatatil laa ventachya consentrat-leggerstate yethe sapadale aahet. vyutpatti. yaa prajatila tyache jivashma sapadalelya thikanavarun, colombiatil honda gatatil "makad unit" chey ell dinde sthalavarun naav denyat aale aahe. varnan. aotus dindensis" chey jivashma 1986 madhye honda gatamadhye sapadale, jeey sumare 12.5 teey 12.1 emm. aii. laa laventonche aahet. jawaljawal samaan mandibular aanee dant aakarvidnyanasathi olakhali jaanari hii prajati 'aotus' chaa sarvat juna sadasya manali jaate. itar lekhak jaree yaa prajatila 'mohanamiko' chey samanarthi shabd manatat, taree tee dakshin americetil vidyaman 'aotus' prajatichi purvaj asoo shakate. yaa samgrimadhye davi ardhangushi, mule aanee emm 3 chaa bhashik ardha bhag rakhoon thevanara davi maxillary tukada asato. 'aotus dindensis' chey dant bhag vidyaman 'aotus' peksha adhik adim hote. aajchya ratrichya makadanpramanech, "aotus dindensis" chee kadachit qamee vishesh aaharasah ashich ratrabhakshi jivanshaili hotee. aotus dindensis" sathee sharirache vastuman andaje kele gele aahe. aotus dindensis" chey daat laingik dvirupata darshavtat, jee aadhunik "aotus" prajatinmadhye ksheen hote. hii prajati swatah nishachar asalyache disate, parantu asey manale jaate qee tyachya dainandin purvajanchi vaishishtye tashich rahili. aotus", "calicibus", "sebupithesia" aanee argentinachya "dolichosebus" yaa vanshanchya halchalinche varnan pramukhyane charpakshi asey kele gele aahe jyat kahee udee marane aahe. utkranti. calitrichidae aanee "aotus" yanchyatil naveen jaagtik makadanmadhye utkrantivadi vibhajan 17.5 emm. aii. asalyacha andaj aahe. aotus" yaa vanshasathi prarambhik myosene mool heey narvanar pranyanpaiki sarvat lamb aahe, jyamadhye keval "makaka" haah myoseenchya uttaradhat, andaje 80 laakh varshanpurvi aadhalato. adhivas. honda samooh aanee adhik tantotantpane 'makadanchi khaata' heey dakshin americetil jivashma narvanar pranyansathi sarvat shrimant thikan aahe. assa yuktivad keela gela aahe qee honda gatatil makade amazon aanee orinoko orinoko samparkat asalelya adhivasat rahat hote aanee laa venta swatach kadachit hangami korade jungle hote. jyaa staravar "aotus dindensis" sapadale aahe tyach patalivarun, "sebupithesia", "mycodon", "mohanamiko", "saymiri annectains", "saymiri fieldsey" aanee "styrtonia tataconsis" chey jivashma dekhil sapadale aahet.

aotas dindensis aotas dindensis heuchhi madhya miocene (dakhina americara bhumi stanyapajee jugare laventan; 13.8 ru 11.8 maa) ru "aotas" ganare nutan biswa mankadamanankara eka bilupta prajati . ehara abaseshagudika columbiar honda groupra laa bhentara congentrat-legarstatre milichi. byutpatti. ehi prajatira naama sehi sthanaru rakhajaichhi, jeunthare ehara jeebashma milichi, columbiar honda grupare "mankada unit" rahr ell dinde site . barnana. aotas dindensis" rahr jeebashma 1986 ray honda grupare aabiskruta hoithila, jaahaa praiah 12.5 ru 12.1 maa. laventan rahr tarikh . ehi prajati "aotas" rahr sabutharu puruna sadasya bhabare bibechita hue, jaahaa praiah samaana mandibulara ebong danta angasangsthana paain sweekrutiprapta . ehaa dakhina americara bidyamana "aotas" prajatira purbapurusha hoipare, jadio anya lekhakamane ehi prajatiku "mohanamiko" rahr pratishabda bolly bibechana karanti . ehi padarthare eka baama hemimandable, eka baama maxillary khanda rahichhi jaahaa moolaku sanrakhita karithae ebong ebong bhasagata adhaa. "aotas dindensis" rahr daanta ansha bidyamana "aotas" apekhya adhika adim thila . aajira raati mankadamananka bhali, "aotas dindensis" rahr bodhahue eka samaana nishachar jeebanasailee thila, jeunthire eka comm swatantra khadya thila . aotas dindensis" paain eka sharirara bastutwa akalana karajaichi . aotas dindensis" rahr daanta jouna dwirupata prabrutti dekhaithae, jaahaa adhunika "aotas" prajatigudikare abakhyai hoithae. ehi prajatiti nije nishachar bolly manehue, kintu biswasa karajae je ehara dainika purbapurushanka baisistya bajaiah rahithila . aotas", "calicibus", "sebupithesia" ebong argentinian jaati "dolichosebs" rahr gatisheelataku mukhyatah chariguna bisista ebong kichhi lumph sahita barnana karajaichi. bibartana. nutan biswa mankadamananka madhyare calitrichidae ebong "aotas" madhyare bibartanamoolaka bibhajan 17.5 maa. ray akalana karajaichi. aotas" banshara prarambhika miocene utpatti heuchhi praimetmananka madhyaru sabutharu lamba, jeunthire kebala "makaa" praiah aatha nijuta barsha purbe miosinera sheshabhagare chinhat karajaipariba . basasthana. honda gosthi, ebong adhika spust bhabare "mankada shajya", dakhina americara jeebashma primate paain sabutharu dhani sthana . ehaa jukti karajaichi je honda gosthira mankadamane aamajan ebong orinoco ababahika sahita jogajogare thiba basasthanare rahuthile, ebong laa bhenta nije sambhabatah rutukaleena sushka jangala thila . jeun stararu "aotas dindensis" milichi, sehi stararu "sebupithesia", "microdon", "mohanamiko", "saimiri annectains", "saimiri fieldsy" ebong "stertonia tatacoensis" rahr jeebashma madhya aabiskruta hoichhi.

outs dindensis outs dindensis maddh miocene (dakkhni amriki zamini thandhari umar witch laventon; 13.8 toon 11.8 aimm. aii.) toon "outs" jeanus witch navein vishav bandran dee ikk alop hoow chukki prajati haii. iss dey avshesh columbia dey honda samooh witch laa venta dey consentrate-leggerstat vikhe mille hunn. shabdawali. iss prajati daa naam uss sathaan dey naam utte rakkhiaa giaa haii jiss witch iss dey jivasham mille hunn, columbia dey honda samooh witch "monkey unit" dee ail dinde site. varnan. outs dindensis" dey jivasham 1986 witch honda samooh witch labbhe gaye sunn, joe kii laventon dey samein dey hunn, lagbhag 12.5 toon 12.1 aimm. aii. iss prajati noon "outs" daa sabh toon purana member manniaa jaanda haii, joe lagbhag ikko jihe mandibular atey dandan dey roop vigiaan laee maanta prapat haii. ih dakkhni amrica dee maujuda "outs" prajati daa purvaj hoow sakda haii, halanki horr lekhak iss prajati noon "mohanmiko" daa smanarthi mannade hunn. samaggari witch ikk khabbe hadd takk pahunchan yog, ikk khabbe maxillary tukda hunda haii joe jadahn noon surakhiat rakkhda haii atey m3 daa bhashai addha hissa hunda haii. "outs dindensis" dey dandan dey hisse maujuda "outs" naalon vadhere aarambhik sunn. ajj dey raat dey bandran dey roop witch, "outs dindensis" dee shayed ghatt vishesh khurak dey naal ikk samaan raat dee jeevan shaili see. outs dindensis" laee ikk sareer punj daa andaza lagaiaa giaa haii. outs dindensis" dey dand jinsi dimorphism daa rujhan dikhaunde hunn, joe aadhunik "outs" prajatiaan witch kharaab hoow jaanda haii. ih prajati aapne aap witch raat daa jaapadi haii, parr ih manniaa jaanda haii kii iss dey rozana purvajan deeaan visheshtavan baniaan hoiaan hunn. outs", "calisabs", "sebupithesia" atey arginiaai jeanus "dolicosabs" dee gatee noon mukkh taur 'teey chaar-padhri dassiaa giaa haii jiss witch kujh chhalan laggiaan hunn. vikas. calitrichidae atey "outs" dey vichkaar navein sansar dey bandran witch vikasvadi vandd daa andaza 17.5 aim. aii. lagaiaa giaa haii. jeanus "outs" laee shuruati miocene mool primates vicchon sabh toon lamba haii, jiss witch lagbhag 80 lakkh saal pahilan siraf "makaka" daa pataa lagaiaa jaa sakda haii. nivas sathaan. honda samooh, atey vadhere sapshat taur 'teey "monkey bedd", dakkhni amrica witch jaivik primate laee sabh toon ameer sathaan hunn. ih daleel ditti gaee haii kii honda samooh dey bandar nivas sathaan witch rahi rahey sunn joe aimazan atey orinoco besin dey samparak witch sunn, atey ih kii laa venta aapne aap witch shayed mausami taur 'teey khushak jangal see. use paddhar toon jitthe "outs dindensis" paaiaa giaa haii, "sebupithesia", "mycoden", "mohanmiko", "saimiri annectains", "saimiri fieldsey" atey "stritonia tetacoensis" dey jivasham vee labbhe gaye hunn.

aotus dindensis aotus dindensis iti myocene-yugasya madhyabhaage (dakshinamerikadeshasya laventon-bhoo-stanyapaayi-yugasya 13.8 taha 11.8 maa) "aotus" iti vamshasya nootan-vishva-vanaranam vilupta-prajaatih asti. asya avasheshaah columbia-deshasya hondaa-samuhasya laa ventaa-nagarasya congentrat-legerstate ityatra praaptaah santi. vyutpattih. asya prajatyaha namakaranam tasya jivashmanam pattanasy sthanasya namanusarena krutam asti, columbia-deshasya hondaa-samuhasya "manki-unit" ityasya ell-dinde-sthalam. varnanam. aatas dindensis" ityasya jeevaashmaani 1986 tame varshe hondaa-samoohe aavishkrutaani, yat laventon-ityasya kaalanirdishtam asti, praayah 12.5 taha 12.1 maa. paryantam. praayah samanasya mendibular tathaa dental-morphology ityasya krute manyata praaptasya "aotus" ityasya praacheenatamah sadasyah iti eshaa prajaatih manyate. dakshinamerikadeshasya vidyamaanasya "aatas" prajatyaha poorvajah syaat, yadyapi anye lekhakaah etat jaatim "mohanamiko" ityasya paryayapadam iti manyante. asmin saamagrau vaama-ardha-nirgamaneeyah, vaama-maxillary-khandah, mulan samrakshayati, bhashayaha ardhabhaagah cha cha iti bhavati, "aatas-dindenasis" ityasya dantabhaagaah vidyamaanasya "aatas" ityasya apekshayaa adhikaprachinani aasan. adyatve raatrau vanaranam rupena "aatas dindensis" ityasya api praayah samaanam nishaachar-jeevanashaili aasit, yatra alpa-vishishta-aharaha aasit. aatas dindensis" ityasya shareer-dravyamaanam anumitam asti. aatas dindensis" ityasya danteshu yauna-dvirupata pravruttihi drushyate, yaa aadhunik-"aatas"-prajaatau kshinita bhavati. eshaa jaatih nishaacharah iva drushyate, parantu tasya dainika-purvajanam lakshanani eva avashishtaah iti manyate. aatas", "calisbus", "sebupithesia", tathaa cha argentinian-vamshasya "dolichosebus" ityetayoho gatihi mukhyataya chatushkoneeyah iti varnitah asti, yatra kechan laafim cha santi. vikaasah. nootanavishvasya vanaranam madhye calitrichidae tathaa "aatas" ityetayoho madhye vikaasaatmakavibhaajanam 17.5 maa iti anumaanitam asti. aatas" iti vamshasya praarambhik-myocene-utpattih, primat-jatinam madhye deerghatamah asti, praayah ashtalakshavarshapoorvam, myocene-kaalasy ante kevalam "makaka" iti chihnam eva drushyate. nivaasasthaanam. hondaa-samoohah, adhikatayaa spashtatayaa "manki-beds" cha dakshinamerikadeshasya jeevaashm-primate-ityeteshaam krute samruddhatamam sthaanam vartate. hondaa-samuhasya wanner-janaah amazon-orinoko-jala-kshetraih samparke nivaasasthaane nivasanti iti tarkah krutah asti, laa ventaa-pradesha eva praayah rutumaanasya shushkavanam aasit iti. aatas dindensis" ityasya staraat eva "sebupithesia", "macrodan", "mohanamiko", "saimiri annectains", "saimiri feeldsi", "steratonia tataconsis" ityetayoho jeevaashmaanaam api aawirbhaawah abhavat.

iotus dindensis iotus dindensis enbathu nadu myosene kaalatthaich saerntha (thenn america nila paluti vayathil laventon; 13.8 muthal 11.8 maa) "iotus" paerinaththil ulla puthiya ulaga kurangugalin azhinththupoana inamaagum. adhan echchangkal kolambiyaavin hoondaa kuzhuvil ulla laa ventavin concentrat-lockerstatle kandupidikkappattullan. sorpirappiyal. inththa inaththirku adhan pudhaipadivangkal kandupidikappatta idaththin peyaraal peyaridappattullathu, idhu kolambiyaavin hoondaa kuzhuvil ulla "kurangu pirivin" ell dinday thalamaagum. vilakkam. iodus dindensis" endra thaavaraththin pudhaipadivangkal 1986 aam aandil laventon kaalatthaich saerntha hoondaa kuzhuvil kandupidikkappattana, idhu sumar 12.5 muthal 12.1 emae varai irunththathu. inththa inam "iotesine" migap palamaiyaana uruppinaraagak karudhappadugiradhu, idhu kittatthatta oray maathiriyaana mandipular mattrum bull uruvaviyal aagiyavattrirku angkeekarikkappattullathu. idhu thenn americavin tharpoothulla "iodus" inangkalin moothaathaiyaraaka irukkalaam, iruppinum mattra ezhuththaalargal inththa inaththai "moganamico" enbatharku oththathaaga karudhugindranar. inththa porul oru idathu araikkoala thundu, vaerkalaip paathukaakkum oru idathu adhigapatcha thundu mattrum emm 3 inn moliyiyal paathi aagiyavattraik kondullathu. "iodus dindensisin" bull pakuthikal tharpoothulla "iodus" aii vida migavum pazhamaiyaanavai. intraiya iravu kurangugalaip poalavae, "iodus dindensis" kuraindha sirappu unavudan idhaepoandra iravu vaazhkkai muraiyaik kondirundhadhu. iodus dindensis" enbatharku oru udal nirai mathippidappattullathu. iotus dindensis" inn parkal paaliyal irumavunarvukkaana poakkaik kaattugindrana, idhu naveena "iotus" inangkalil seerazhindhullathu. inththa inamae iravu neramaaga irunththathaakath therikirathu, aanaal adhan andraada moothaathaiyarkalin panbugal appadiyae irunththathaaka nambappadugirathu. iotus", "collispus", "sebubidesia" mattrum argentinian paerinam "tolecosephus" aagiyavattrin iyakkam muthanmaiyaaga naanku madangku paaichchal endru vivarikkappattullathu. parinaamam. puthiya ulaga kurangugalil calitricidae mattrum "iodus" idaiyaeyaana parinaama pilavu 17.5 emae yena mathippidappattullathu. iotus" paerinaththin aarambagaala myosene thoattram, sumar ettu million aandugalukku munbu, myosene kaalaththin pirpaguthiyil "mccacka" mattumae kandupidikkakoodiya vilangkinangkalil miga neelamaanathu. vaazhvidam. hoondaa kuzhuvum, innum thulliyamaaga "kurangu padukkaikalum" thenn americavil pudhaipadiva vilangkinangkalukkaana panakkaara thazhangalaagum. hoondaa kuzhuvin kurangugal amesan mattrum orinogo vadinilangkaludan thodarbu kondirundha vaazhvidangkalil vaazhnththana endrum, laa ventathan paruvagaala varanda kaadugalaaga irukkalaam endrum vaathidappattullathu. iotus dindensis" kandupidikappatta athae mattaththilirunthu, "sebubidesia", "microdon", "moganamico", "saimiri annectance", "saimiri fieldsy" mattrum "stratonia tatacoencis" aagiyavattrin pudhaipadivangkalum kandupidikkappattullan.

autus dindensis iotus dindensis anedi madhya myosene (dakshina america bhuu ksheerada yugaalalo laventon; 13.8 nundi 11.8 maa) nundi "iotus" jaatiki chendina kotta prapancha kotula antarinchipoyina jaathi. columbia yokka honda samuuhamlooni laa venta yokka congentrat-loggerstate vadda dheeni avasheshaalu kanugonabaddayi. vyutpatti. kolambiyaaloni honda samuuhamlooni "monkey unit" yokka ell dinde sait, daani silaajaalu kanugonabadina praantam paeru meeda eee jaatiki paeru pettaru. vivarana. autus dindensis" silaajaalu 1986loe lamventon naati honda samuuhamloo kanugonabaddayi, ivi sumaru 12.5 nundi 12.1 maa. eee jaathi "autus" yokka puraatana sabhyudiga pariganinchabadutundi, idhi daadaapu okela unde mandibular mariyu dantha padanirmaana saastraaniki gurtimpu pondindi. idhi dakshina americaloni prastuta "autus" jaatulaku puurveekudu kaavacchu, ayithe itara rachayitalu eee jaatini "mohanamiko" kuu paryaayapadamgaa bhaavistaaru. eee padaarthamloo edama ardhabhaagamlo, muulaalanu samrakshinche edama maxillary sakalam mariyu m3 yokka bhasha sagam untundi. "autus dindensis" yokka dantha bhagalu unikilo unna "autus" kante chaalaa praachiinamainavi. neti raatri kotula vale, "autus dindensis" bahusha takkuva pratyaekamaina aahaaramto, idhe vidhamaina ratriputa jeevanasailini kaligi undavacchu. autus dindensis" kosam oka shareera dravyarashi anchanaa veyabadindi. autus dindensis" dantaalu laingika dviruupata dhoranini chuuputaayi, idhi aadhunika "autus" jaatulalo ksheenistundi. eee jaathi ratriputa unnatlu anipistundi, conny daani rojuvaaree puurveekula lakshanaalu alaage unnayani nammutaaru. autus", "calisbus", "sebupithesia" mariyu argentine jaathi "dolichosebus" yokka chalanaseelatanu pradhanamgaa naalugu bhagaluga varninchaaru, konni dookadam jarigindi. parinaamam. kotta prapancha kotulalo calitrichidae mariyu "autus" madhya parinaamaatmaka vibhajana 17.5 maa gaa anchanaa veyabadindi. autus" jaatiki prarambha myosene muulam primatelalo athi podavainadi, sumaru enimidi million samvatsaraala kritam chivari miocene varaku "macaca" matrame gurtinchadaginadi. nivaasam. honda samuuham, inca marinta khachitamgaa "monkey beds", dakshina americalo shilaja praimaetlaku atyanta sampannamaina pradaesaalu. honda samuuhamlooni kothulu amazon mariyu orinoco pareevaahaka praantaalatoo sambandham unna aavasalalo nivasistunnaayani, laa venta bahusha kalanugunamga podi adavi anie vaadinchabadindi. autus dindensis" kanugonabadina sthaayi nundi, "sebupithesia", "microdon", "mohanamiko", "saimiri annectains", "saimiri feeldsy" mariyu "sterotonia tataconsis" silaajaalu kooda kanugonabaddayi.

aawats diandensis aawats diandensis nayee duniya kay bandaron kii eek madoom honay waali nooa hay juu darmiyani meusin (janubi americi zamini mamaliyah amar mein leventon vovo 13.8 say 11.8 ayem aey) say "aawats" jains mein hay. iss kii baqiyat columbia kay honda grop mein laa venta kay consentert-legrestate say milly haine. siftiyat. iss nooa kaa naam iss elaqay kay naam parr rakhaa gayaa hay jiss kay fosalz milay haine honda group columbia mein "bandar yount" kaa eel denday saait. wazahat. aawats diandensis" kay fosalz 1986 mein honda grop mein driyafat hoay thay juu kahh laventon say mutaliq hay taqriba 12.5 say 12.1 ayem aey. iss nooa kuu "aawats" kaa sabb say qadeem rakan samjha jaataa hay juu taqriba eek jeesay mendabler aur dental morphology kay liye pehchana jaataa hay. yaha janubi america kii maujudah "aawats" parjatiyon kaa aabao ajdaad how saktaa hay halankah deegar masnafeen iss parjatiyon kuu "mohnamiko" kaa mutradif samajhte haine. mawaad eek bayein nasf mubham jadoon kuu mahfuz rakhnay waala eek bayein maxiliary tukda aur ayem 3 kay lasaani nasf parr mushtamil hay. "aawats diandensis" kay daanaton kay hasay maujudah "aawats" kay muqabilay mein ziyadah qadeem thay. aaj kay raat kay bandaron kii tarah "aawats diandensis" kaa shayed asee tarah kaa raat kaa tarz zindagi thaa jiss mein kumm makhsus ghazaa thee. aawats diandensis" kay liye jasm kii kameet kaa takhmina lagaya gayaa hay. aawats diandensis" kay daanat jansi diamorphism kaa rajhaan zahir kartay haine juu jadeed "aawats" parjatiyon mein inhatat kaa shikaar hotaa hay. aisa lagtaa hay kahh yaha nooa khood raat kaa thaa leakin yaha khayaal kiyaa jaataa hay kahh iss kay rozmarah aabao ajdaad kii khususiyat baaqi rahein. aawats"yee "collisabs"yee "sibupathesia" aur argentine kii jains "dolcosabs" kii nql woo harkat kuu bunyadi toor parr chaar pahluwon kay toor parr biyaan kiyaa gayaa hay jiss mein kachh chhalang lagee hay. irtaqaa. nayee duniya kay bandaron mein caliterachedy aur "aawats" kay darmiyan irtaqayi taqsim kaa takhmina 17.5 ayem aey lagaya gayaa hay. jains "aawats" kay liye ibtadayi meusin asl primates mein sabb say taweel hay jiss mein taqriba 80 laakh saal pehley sarf "makaka" kaa patah lagaya jaa saktaa hay. rehaish gaah. honda group aur ziyadah waazah toor parr "bandar kay bastar"yee janubi america mein jewasham primates kay liye sabb say ameer maqaam haine. yaha istedlal kiyaa gayaa hay kahh honda grop kay bandar aisey maskan mein rahh rahay thay juu emizon aur aurinoco taason kay saath raabtay mein thay aur yaha kahh laa venta khood shayed mosami toor parr khashak jangal thaa. asee satah say jehaan "aawats diandensis" paaya gayaa hay "sibupathesia"yee "mycoden"yee "mohnamiko"yee "simeri anctance"yee "simeri felds" aur "stertonia tetacovences" kay fosalz bhee bay nqab hoay haine.

00020db92028ac9232a039733608a711e7eb669cbae660e3153f584d61044355

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=55999528

Fascist syndicalism

Fascist syndicalism Fascist syndicalism was an Italian trade syndicate movement ("syndicat" means trade union in French) that rose out of the pre-World War II provenance of the revolutionary syndicalist movement led mostly by Edmondo Rossoni, Sergio Panunzio, Angelo Oliviero Olivetti, Michele Bianchi, Alceste De Ambris, Paolo Orano, Massimo Rocca, and Guido Pighetti, under the influence of Georges Sorel, who was considered the "'metaphysician' of syndicalism". The fascist syndicalists differed from other forms of fascism in that they generally favored class struggle, worker-controlled factories and hostility to industrialists, which lead historians to portray them as "leftist fascist idealists" who "differed radically from right fascists." Generally considered one of the more radical fascist syndicalists in Italy, Rossoni was the "leading exponent of fascist syndicalism", and sought to infuse nationalism with "class struggle". Revolutionary syndicalism to national syndicalism. Sometimes considered the "father" of revolutionary syndicalism or at least "the leading figure amongst the French Syndicalists", Georges Sorel supported militant trade unionism to combat the corrupting influences of parliamentary parties and politics, even if the legislators were distinctly socialist. As a French Marxist who supported Lenin, Bolshevism and Mussolini concurrently in the early 1920s, Sorel promoted the cause of the proletariat in class struggle, and the "catastrophic polarization" that would arise through social myth-making of general strikes. The intention of syndicalism was to organize strikes to abolish capitalism; not to supplant it with state socialism, but rather to build a society of worker-class producers. This Sorel regarded as "truly true" Marxism. In his 1908 book, " Reflections on Violence", Sorel provided the justification for "syndicats" as an effort to organize workers in violent uprisings, to convince workers not to be ashamed of acts of violence, and that they should be scornful of "politics, the Republic and patriotism". In this Sorelian sense, the violence associated with Marxist class struggle, could be interpreted as fine, heroic and in the service of the "immemorial interest of civilization". Many European socialists joined the ranks of the revolutionary syndicalists, including Benito Mussolini, who claimed that he had succumbed to revolutionary syndicalism by 1904, citing that it occurred during a general strike, although he had been involved with syndicalism earlier. By 1909, Sorel became disappointed over the compromising policies of socialist parliamentarians, the movement towards democratic socialism and the decadence of the proletariat who were seduced by the "mirage of enormous economic benefits". In Sorel's opinion, the proletariat was neither responding to his expectations of revolutionary change nor the dreams of Marx's "magnificent epic". This reassessment of Marxism led Sorel to adopt Benedetto Croce's aphorism that "Socialism is dead." During this period, many of Sorel's criticisms and writings about socialism were in response to the profound "crisis of Marxism"., where he, according to Antonio Labriola, expounds on it with gusto and converted this "crisis into one of socialism." To Sorel, the integrity and intellectualism of Marxism was decomposing, and the "heroic proletariat" appeared to have been either non-existent or shown to be as "much corrupted by utilitarianism as the bourgeoisie." According to Sorel, the power of democratic-republican governments was debasing the revolutionary initiative of the worker class which forced him to search for other alternatives, including a nationalism, but one devoid of any monarchism. In order to resolve this crisis of socialism, Sorel turned toward an anti-democratic socialism that encompasses a radical nationalism, while still holding to his support of worker-owned factories, but under a heretic Marxism divested of its "materialistic and rationalistic essence". In 1909, Sorel published an article in Enrico Leone's "Il Divenire sociale", an influential journal of revolutionary syndicalism in Italy, which was later reprinted and championed by Charles Maurras in the "L'Action française" entitled "Antiparliamentary Socialist". Sorel was not the first to drift towards nationalism and syndicalism. During the years of 1902 to 1910 a cadre of Italian revolutionary syndicalists had embarked on a mission to combine Italian nationalism with syndicalism. They were later to become "founders of the Fascist movement", and "held key posts" in Mussolini's regime. Generally, Italian syndicalism finally coalesced into national syndicalism during World War I and the months following the 1918 armistice. Maurras welcomed Sorel's support in that they both were concerned over French socialism reaching the path of no return in its rush towards "democratization", coalescing into a formidable Social Democracy movement. To Maurras, the purity of socialism had to abstain from being captured by seduction of democracy, declaring that "socialism liberated from the democratic and cosmopolitan element fits nationalism well as a well made glove fits a beautiful hand." But such thoughts were not unusual for many European socialists during this period, such as Philippe Buchez and Ferdinand Lassalle who "despised democracy and exalted the nation." Due to his aversion to democracy, Sorel and the syndicalists rejected political parties and democratic institutions as well as the "Marxist dictatorship of the proletariat", but remained dutiful to Karl Marx's opposition to democracy and elections. Earlier, Marx had confessed that his revolutionary activities in the Revolution of 1848 was "nothing but a plan of war against democracy." In an attempt to save Marxism, Sorel gravitated towards the creation of a synthesis of populism and nationalism that also included "the crudest of anti-Semitism". By this time, Sorel and other syndicalists concluded that proletarian violence was ineffectual since the "proletariat was incapable of fulfilling its revolutionary role," an assessment that persuaded many to see the nation-state as the best means by which to establish a proletarian-based society, which later congealed into the fascist concept of proletarian nationalism. Many revolutionary syndicalists followed Sorel and his Sorelian socialism towards the allure of a radical nationalism after he praised Maurras and displayed his sympathies for French integral nationalism in 1909. The appeal that Charles Maurras presented was his nationalistic approach against bourgeois democracy, the Enlightenment, and "its liberalism, its individualism, and its conception of society as an aggregate of individuals." This trend continued and by 1911, revolutionary syndicalists had acknowledged that two important antirational political currents had come together, forging "a new nationalism and revolutionary socialism." This coalescence finally surfaced as a major facet of Italian Fascism, where Mussolini himself confessed: "What I am, I owe to Sorel." The Israeli historian Zeev Sternhell, considered a leading expert on fascism, asserted that this integration of syndicalism with unpatriotic nationalism was a factor in why "Italian revolutionary syndicalism became the backbone of fascist ideology." Fascist syndicalism and productivism. Mussolini was one of the first to comingle the phrase fascism with syndicalism, remarking in the early 1920s that "Fascist syndicalism is national and productivistic... in a national society in which labor becomes a joy, an object of pride and a title to nobility." Most Italian syndicalists viewed social revolution as a means for rapid transformation to provide "superior productivity", and if this economic abundance failed to occur, there could be no meaningful social change. The emphasis by syndicalists towards the importance of "producerism" had been originally initiated by Sorel in 1907, who argued that "Marx considers that a revolution by a proletariat of producers who [have] acquired economic capacity." When Carlo Cafiero developed a compendium for the initial volume of Capital in Italian, Marx reminded his colleague that "material conditions necessary for the emancipation of the proletariat" must be "spontaneously generated by the development of capitalism ("den Gang der kapitalistischen Produktion")." The support for the theory of producerism expanded among Fascist syndicalists after the conclusion of the Russian Civil War and transition from war communism showed high unemployment and an environment where "most of the mills and factories were at a standstill; mines and collieries were wrecked and flooded." After the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP), Italian syndicalists continued to move further away from orthodox Marxism, determined to revise it to fit the changing times and to embolden its strategic goals. They argued that the Russian Bolsheviks had failed to adhere to Engels' 1850 admonition about the dangers of trying to establish a social revolution within an economically backwards environment. This drift had emerged years before the economic malaise of Soviet Russia, prompting most Italian syndicalists to transcend the errors and drawbacks that "they believed they found in orthodox Marxism." Developed to bring about worker control of the means of production by direct action, the intellectuals of syndicalism came to the realization that Italy's primitive economy could facilitate neither equality nor abundance for society. Without a mature industry developed by the bourgeois, they came to understand that a successful social revolution required the support of "classless" revolutionaries. Mussolini, along with Italian syndicalists, Nationalists and Futurists, contended that those revolutionaries would be Fascists, not Marxists or some other ideology. According to Mussolini and other syndicalist theoreticians, Fascism would be "the socialism of 'proletarian nations.'" Fascist syndicalists also became preoccupied with the idea of increasing production instead of simply establishing a redistributive economic structure. Sergio Panunzio, a major theoretician of Italian Fascism and syndicalism, believed that Syndicalists were producerists, rather than distributionists. In his criticism of the Bolsheviks' handling of their economy, Panunzio also asserted that Russian Soviet state had become a "dictatorship "over" the proletariat, and not "of" the proletariat." Rossoni and fascist syndicalists. When Rossoni was selected as the secretary-general of the General Confederation of Fascist Syndical Corporations in December 1922, other Italian syndicalists began to affirm the "Fascist syndicalism" catchphrase in their aim at "building and reorganizing political structures... through a synthesis of State and labor." Rossoni and his Fascist syndicalist cadre were soon regarded as "radical or leftist elements", who sought to protect the economic interests of "workers and to preserve their class consciousness." Rossoni strove to build a "collective interest in the economy", that would subject employers to Fascist discipline while providing a more substantial role for workers to make economic decisions. In an effort to set the basic revolutionary direction of the Fascist state, Rossoni argued that Fascist syndicalism should be at the forefront, proclaiming in Mussolini's "Il Popolo d'Italia" newspaper that "only the Fascist syndicates could complete the revolution." In his early anti-capitalist polemics, Rossoni claimed that capitalism "depressed and annulled production rather than stimulating and developing it" and that industrialists were "apathetic, passive, and ignorant." By early 1923 industrialists and factory owners were becoming alarmed by the Fascist syndicalists' verbal assaults on the business community and capitalism, provoking a number of them to wonder if it was "now wise to pay the Communists to fight the Fascists!" As the unrelenting attack continued, Rossoni by 1926 was steadfast in his accusations that depicted industrialists as "vampires" and "profiteers". Rossoni not only targeted big industrialists for their collective avarice, but also focused his criticisms against the "offensive greed of small shop-keepers". In some cases, Rossoni's pro-labor stances worried industrialists due to his philosophic interpretation of Marx's "dynamic law of history", which lead him to support the eventuality of workers' control of factories. He argued that industrialists had a legitimate right to assume their positions, but only until "such time as workers, organized into new syndicates, had mastered the requisite competence to take command." The Fascist syndicalists' hostility towards employers caused political troubles for Mussolini's regime before and after he established a one-party dictatorship in early 1925. But despite the controversies, Rossoni held on to his position until he was forced to resign in 1928, probably due to fears over his almost 3 million-strong union membership that had greatly surpassed the National Fascist Party membership. Although independent labor unions in Italy were not nationalized until April 3, 1926, under Alfredo Rocco's Syndical Laws, Fascist syndicates by 1922 had become a "major recruitment competitor for the socialist and Catholic worker organizations." After peaking to a membership of over 2,000,000 members by 1920, the independent General Confederation of Labor was reduced to 400,000 members by mid-1922. Other unions fared just as poorly. The Catholic syndicates of the "Popolari" had 1.2 million members in 1921, but by the later part of 1922, it was down to 540,000. Nonetheless, Rossoni was treated as a valuable leader in Mussolini's administration, becoming a member of the Grand Council of Fascism from 1930 to 1943 and other high positions. Much of the increased membership in Fascist syndicates stemmed from the deteriorating economic conditions that occurred during the long factory strikes in the early 1920s that had been spearheaded by revolutionary socialists. The occupied factories suffered financial problems, a shortage of cash to pay wages, and a slump in productivity levels." When factory workers started to abandon factories, "red guards" were employed to keep workers at their work stations, in some cases forcing workers to "work under threat of violence." What also contributed to the success of the Fascist union organizations was their strong affiliation to the Fascist party, a policy that was not taken up by the Italian Socialist Party and other labor confederations. There were a number of variants of Fascist syndicalism, ranging from the more moderate to the radical. One of the more radical fascist syndicalist was the philosopher Ugo Spirito. Considered as a "left fascist", Spirito supported the struggle for a populist type of "corporativism", a sort of proprietary corporation that provided the features of "collective ownership without undesirable economic centralization." Besides Rossoni, Sergio Panunzio and A. O. Olivetti were considered the "most coherent" Italian syndicalists who have been classified as the "Fascist left" by historians. They identified Fascism and syndicalist ideology as a replacement for parliamentary liberalism so as to advance the interests of workers and common people as well as "modernize the economy." To Rossoni, corporations were viewed as the best institutions to promote "economic justice and social solidarity" among producers. Luigi Razzo, who headed a Fascist trade union confederations (agriculture workers), thought that economy organizations represented the most important political element for the Fascist regime because they would provide workers with a "serious role in decision-making—especially in regulating the economy." Through this ""fascos corporativism"," the true economic nation would have the means to govern itself as economics and politics grew closer towards a convergence. This unification of politics and economics was the "core of the left-fascist conception" for most fascist syndicalists, who upheld fascism as a political idea and principle, but not as an economic system. The Fascist state's duty was to discipline production and economic activities, organized under economic groupings and collective interest, while no longer allowing the economy to operate on its own. Mussolini and his fascist regime. Mussolini had been responsive to Rossoni in his effort to stop cuts in real wages, maintain the 40-hour week, and create a new "Charter of Labor" that would complete the Fascist labor legislation to guarantee the rights of workers, which resulted in vague gains for labor. But Mussolini had been more forceful in similar pro-labor approaches in the past. In the 1919 "Unione Italiana del Lavoro" (UIL) strike at the "Franchi e Gregorini" metallurgical plant in Dalmine, he supported workers' occupation of factories. Calling them "creative strikes", Mussolini insisted that workers "have a right to 'parity'" with factory owners, and to engage in strikes to achieve it. His main caveat was that the strike should not interrupt production, and that workers show both a willingness to participate as equals in the production process and the competence to discharge obligations in pursuit of the strike. Despite the official policy of Mussolini to uphold class collaboration, the "left corporativists" in Italy continued to see class differences as inevitable, believing class-based organizations essential if corporations were to genuinely involve workers. Mussolini had decided to move in another direction, concluding by late 1917 that orthodox Marxism was largely irrelevant for revolutionaries in industrially backward nations. Mussolini and Fascist intellectuals reasoned that if the bourgeoisie could not fulfill their historical obligations and advance a nation's industry infrastructure, then the task had to be relegated to the popular masses and elite vanguard, which would require a commitment to class collaboration so as to serve the community's productive potential through proletariat and bourgeoisie producers. Mussolini described this collaboration between classes as a new democracy—"a sane and honest regime of productive classes." Mussolini's opposition to class struggle echoed an earlier sentiment of Marxist reformers and Social Democrats, including Eduard Bernstein, who maintained that "socialists needed to stress cooperation and evolution rather than class conflict and revolution." Some contend that "Mussolini's far-left syndicalism" had merged with the far-right nationalism of Gabriel D'Annunzo, birthing a new revision of fascism by 1922. Others assert that up to late 1921, Mussolini still preferred to rename the Italian Fasces to "Fascist Labor Party" in an effort to retain his reputation as being loyal to the left-wing tradition of supporting trade unionism, especially if he and his fascist leaders could win the support of the General Confederation of Labor (CGL). Mussolini abandoned his proposed labor coalition with the socialists at the Third Fascist Congress (Nov. 7–10, 1921) in a conciliatory manner to appease the violent squadristi militias who strove to curtail the power of revolutionary socialists and labor unions. Nonetheless, by 1934, Mussolini began to reverse many of his market-maturity positions and boasted that he had put three-fourths of the Italian economy in the "hands of the state". The leading banks, which had lent heavily to industry, had to be rescued in the early 1930s, as did many large industrial companies. Two new state-run holding companies, the Italian Industrial Finance Institute (Istituto Mobiliare Italiano; IMI) and the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction (Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale; IRI), were set up to bail out failing firms and to provide capital for new industrial investment; they also provided trained managers and effective financial supervision. Italy thus acquired a huge, state-led industrial sector, which was especially important in banking, steel, shipping, armaments, and the supply of hydroelectricity. However, these firms were not nationalized. Instead, they operated in the market as private companies and still had many private shareholders. After he was confined in Northern Italy as a puppet government for the Nazis in 1943, Mussolini promoted "socialization", under the Italian Social Republic. In early 1944, Mussolini's "socialization law" called for nationalization of industry that would pursue a policy where "workers were to participate in factory and business management." References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

fyaxibadi xonghobad facist cindicalism (rastriyo sindikelijmor xoite xomporkito) aasil ek banijyo sindiket andulon ("sindiket" maane forasi bhaxat trade union) ji dwitiyo biswojudhor purbe admondu rosoni, cherojio "penunjio", er netritwot biplowi cindicalism andulonor utpottir poraa udbhob hoisil. oh '. olivetti, mixel biyansi, alcheste di embris, paulu oranu, masximu rokka, aaru guidu pigeti, jo 'rjos ror' lor probhawot, jaak xonghobador 'odhibid' buli gonyo koraa hoisil. fyaxibadi xonghobadixokol fyaxibador onyanyo rupor poraa prithok aasil, kiyonu teuluke xadharonote shreni xonggram, sromik-niyontrito karkhana aaru udyugpotixokolor proti xotrutar pokhyopati aasil, jaar folot itihaxbidxokole teulukok "bauponthi fyaxibadi aadorxobadi" hisape sitrito korisil, jixokole "xuponthi fyaxibadixokolor poraa aamul prithok aasil."xadharonote italyr onyotomo ugro fyaxibadi xonghobadi hisape gonyo koraa rosoni aasil" "fyaxibadi xonghobador aagxarir prosarok" "., aaru "shreni xonggram" ror xoite jatiyotabadok probhabito koriboloi chesta korisil. rastriyo xonghobadoloi biplowi xonghobad. ketiyaba biplowi xonghobador "pitri" baa komeu "forasi xonghobadixokolor bhitorot aagxarir byokti" buli gonyo koraa jorjos courle xongxodiyo doll aaru rajneetir durnitimulok probhawor biruddhe juj diboloi ugroponthi trade unionbadok xomorthon korisil, jodiu bidhayokxokol spostobhabe xomajbadi aasil. 1920-ror doxokor aarombhonite eke xomoyote lenin, bolsevism aaru musulinik xomorthon koraa ejon francer markchist hisape, rurole shreni xonggramot shreniborgor kaaron aaru xadharon aakromonor xamajik kolpokahini-nirmanor joriyote udbhob hoh "bologiya" bidhwongxi merukoron "ror prosar korisil. xonghobador uddesyo aasil pujibad bilupto koriboloi dhormoghot xongothito koraa; iyak rajyik xomajbador xoite protisthapon koriboloi nohoy, boroncho sromik-shrenir utpadokxokolor xomaj gorhi tulaa. ei khyottuk "xosakoiye xotyo" marxism buli gonyo koraa hoy. 1908 sonot teur grontho "reflexon ono hih 'lochench" too, kurele hingxatmok bidruhot sromikxokolok xongothito korar prochesta hisape "sindiket" ror baabe jukti prodan korisil, sromikxokolok hingxatmok karzokolapor baabe laaj nokoriboloi protisruti disil, aaru teuluke "rajneeti, gonorajyo aaru dexprem" ror proti tiroskar koraa usit buli ullekh korisil. ei corelian orthot, marxbadi shreni xonggramor xoite jorito hingxak xukhmo, birotwopurno aaru "xobhyotar onadikalin swartho" ror xewa hisape byakhya koribo paari. bohutu europiyo xomajbadi biplowi xonghobadixokolor dolot jugdan korisil, jaar bhitorot aasil benitu mus 'lini, jiye daabi korisil je 1904 sonor bhitorot teu biplowi xonghobador usorot pran heruwaisil, jodiu teu aagote xonghobador xoite jorito aasil, ek xadharon dhormoghotor xomoyot ene hoisil buli ullekh korisil. 1909 sonor bhitorot xomajbadi xangxodxokolor aapuxmulok niti, gonotantrik xomajbador proti andulon aaru "bixal orthonoitik lavalavor protischobi" ror dwara proluvito shrenir owonotir baabe hotax hoisil. kurelor mote, shruletariyete teur biplowi poribortonor aaxa baa markchor "xundor mohakabyo" ror xopunor proti xohari jonuwa nasil. marxijomor ei punor mulyayonor folot kurele benedetu krosor ei uktitu grohon korisil je "xomajbador mrityu hoise."ei xomoisuwat, xomajbador bixoye kurelor bohutu xomaluchona aaru likhoni marxijomor gobhir xongkotor protikriya aasil., zo 'too teu, antonio' leboriyo 'laar mote, iyak utxahore byakhya kore aaru ei "xongkotok xomajbador etaa" loi rupantorit kore." gurutwo diyar baabe, marxijomor okhondota aaru buddhibritti khyoy hoi goi aasil, aaru "beer shroletariyet" hoy ostitwohin zen lagisil baa "burjwar dore upojugitabador dwara jothesto durnitigrosto buli prodorxon koraa hoisil."kurelor mote, gonotantrik-republican sorkaror xoktiye sromik shrenir biplowi podokhyepok hraax kori aasil jiye teuk jatiyotabadoke dhori aan bikolpo bisariboloi badhyo korisil, kintu kunu rajtontrobador poraa mukto aasil. xomajbador ei xongkotor xomadhanor baabe, sromikor malikanadhin karkhanaxomuhor xomorthon dhori raakhi, kintu ek dhormoniropekhyo marxijomor odhinot iyar "bostubadi aaru juktibadi ortho" ror poraa bischinno hoi ek aamul jatiyotabadok xamori luwa ek gonotantrik birudhi xomajbador faale ghuri aahisil. 1909 sonot, kurele italyr biplowi xonghobador ek probhawxali alusoni eriku liunor "ill divenir cho" siyeli "too etaa probondho prokax korisil, jaak pisoloi charls mourase" el 'exon francise "too" xongxodor birudhi xomajbadi "xirxok punor prokaxito aaru prosar korisil. rurel jatiyotabad aaru xonghobador faale goti koraa prothom byokti nasil. 1902 sonor poraa 1910 sonoloike italy biplowi xonghobadixokolor etaa dole italy jatiyotabadok xonghobador xoite ekotrito korar baabe ek obhijan aarombho korisil. pisoloi teuluk "fyaxibadi andulonor protisthapok" hoh "boloi dhorisil, aaru musulinir xaxonot" guruttopurno podburot odhisthito hoisil ". xadharonote, italy xonghobad owoxexot prothom biswojudhor xomoyot aaru 1918 sonor juddhobirotir pisor mahburot rastriyo xonghobadoloi ekotrito hoisil. moo 'raase ror' lor xomorthonok aadoroni jonay je teuluk duyujonei "gonotantrikoron" ror dixe douradouri kori ek xoktixali xamajik gonotontro andulonot ekotrito hoi forasi xomajbador kunu proityawortonor pothot uponeet huwar baabe sintit aasil. mourasor mote, xomajbador bixuddhotai gonotontror prolubhonor dwara bondi huwar poraa birot thakibo logaa hoisil, ghuxona korisil je "gonotantrik aaru biswojonin upadanor poraa mukto xomajbad jatiyotabador xoite khaap khaay aaru logote bhaldore toiyar koraa hatmuja etaa xundor haatot khaap khaay."kintu ei xomoisuwat bohutu europiyo xomajbadir baabe ene sintadhara oswabhabik nasil, jene phillip busej aaru fardinand lasale, jiye" "gonotontrok ghrina korisil aaru dexok uscho korisil."gonotontror proti teur bidwexor baabe, rajnoitik doll aaru gonotantrik protisthanor logote" shrolateriator marxbadi eknayokotwo "koo rajokiyo doll aaru xonghobadixokole proityakhyan korisil, kintu gonotontro aaru nirbasonor proti carl markchor birudhitar proti daybodho hoi aasil. iyar purbe marxe swikar korisil je 1848 sonor biplowot teur biplowi karzokolap "gonotontror biruddhe juddhor porikolponar baahire aan eku nasil." marxism rokhya korar prochestat, gurel jonopriyotabad aaru jatiyotabador xongslexonor proti aakorxito hoisil zo 'too "ihudi bidruhor ataitkoi nisthur" tuu ontorbhukto aasil. ei xomoyoloike, gurel aaru onyanyo xonghobodhobadixokole ei xiddhantot uponeet hoisil je shrenibadi hingxa nisfol aasil kiyonu "shrenibadixokole iyar biplowi bhumika puron koriboloi okhyom aasil", ek mulyayon jiye bohut lukok jaati-rajyok shrenibadi-aadharito xomaj protisthar xorbosrestho upay hisape saboloi preron korisil, ji pisoloi shrenibadi jatiyotabador fasisto dharonat porinot hoisil. bohutu biplowi xonghobadiye moo 'rasor proxongxa korar pisot aaru 1909 sonot forasi obischedyo jatiyotabador proti xohanubhuti prodorxon korar pisot ek moulobadi jatiyotabador proti aakorxonor proti teur kurel aaru corelian xomajbadok onuxoron korisil. charls moo' rasor dwara uposthapon koraa aabedon aasil burjowa gonotontro, gyan, aaru "iyar udarotabad, iyar byoktibad, aaru byoktir xomosti hisape xomajor dharonar biruddhe teur jatiyotabadi dristibhongi."ei dharona obyahot aasil aaru 1911 sonor bhitorot biplowi xonghobadixokole swikar korisil je dutaa guruttopurno bidwexpurno rajnoitik dhaara ekotrito hoisil, jiye" ek notun jatiyotabad aaru biplowi xomajbad "ror sristi korisil."ei xonghoti owoxexot italy fyaxibador ek prodhan dix hisape prokax paisil, zo 'too musuliniye nijei swikar korisiloh" "moi ji, moi iyar baabe rinee."facismor uporot egoraki aagxarir bixexogyo hisape bibesito ijoraili itihaxbid jibh starnhele drirhotare koy je dexprotyaxi jatiyotabador xoite xonghobador ei ekotrikoron" italy biplowi xonghobad facist aadorxor merudondo hoi porar kaaron aasil." fyaxibadi xonghobad aaru utpadonxilotabad. 1920-ror doxokor aarombhonite "fyaxibadi xonghobad rastriyo aaru utpadonxil" buli montobyo kori musulini xonghobador xoite fyaxibad bakyangxotu onaa prothomjonor bhitorot ejon aasil... ene ek rastriyo xomajot zo 'too shrom ek aanondo, gourowor bostu aaru obhijatxokolor baabe ek upadhi hoi pore."besibhag italy xonghobadiye xamajik biplowok" "unnot utpadonxilota" "prodan koriboloi drut poribortonor ek upay hisape dekhisil, aaru jodi ei orthonoitik prasurzo xonghotit hoh 'bob nuware, tente kunu orthopurno xamajik poriworton hoh' bob nuware. utpadonxilota" ror gurutwor proti xonghioxokole diya gurutwor aarombhoni korisil 1907 sonot kurele, jiye jukti disil je "marxe bibesona kore je orthonoitik khyomota orjon koraa utpadokxokolor shruhot shrenir dwara ek biplob."jetiya carlo kefeiruwe italy bhaxat muldhonor prarombhik porimanor baabe etaa xongkolon bikoxito korisil, marxe teur xohokormik monot pelai disil je" "shruhtontror muktir baabe proyujoniyo bostugot poristhiti" "" "pujibador bikaxor dwara swotosfurtobhabe sristi hoh 'bob lagibo (" "dane geng der capitalisticen production" ")." rasiyar grihojudhor xomapti aaru juddho xamyobador poraa poribortonor pisot fasisto xonghobadixokolor maajot utpadonbador totwor xomorthon briddhi huwar folot uscho bekarotwo aaru ene ek poriwex dekha goisil zo 'too "besibhag koll aaru karkhana bondho hoi aasil; khoni aaru koyolar kolabur dhongxo aaru plabito hoisil." notun orthonoitik niti (nape) probortonor pisot, italy xonghobadixokole poribortito xomoyor xoite khaap khuwar baabe aaru iyar kouxologot lokhyoburok utxahito koriboloi iyak xongxudhon koriboloi drirho xongkolpo loi orthodox marxijomor poraa odhik durot aagbarhisil. teuluke jukti disil je rasian bolsebhikxokole orthonoitikbhabe pispora poriwexor bhitorot ek xamajik biplob protistha korar chester bipodor bixoye engjelsor 1850 sonor xotorkobani maani solat byortho hoisil. ei gotibeg sobhiyet rasiyar orthonoitik owonotir bohu bosoror aagote udbhob hoisil, jaar folot besibhag italy xonghioxokole "teuluke gura marxijmot puwa" bhul aaru oxubidhaxomuh otikrom koriboloi preron korisil."proityokhyo podokhyepor joriyote utpadonor madhyomxomuhor uporot sromikor niyontron onaar baabe bikoxito huwa xonghobador buddhijibixokole upolobdhi korisil je italyr aadim orthonitiye xomajor baabe xomota baa prosurotar xubidha dibo nuware. burjowaxokole bikoxito koraa ek poripoko udyug obihone teuluke buji paisil je ek xofol xamajik biplowot "shrenihin" biplowixokolor xomorthonor proyujon. mus 'lini, italy xonghobadi, jatiyotabadi aaru bhobisyotbadixokolor xoite, jukti disil je xei biplowixokol fasisto hoh' bob, marxbadi baa aan kunu aadorxo nohoy. mus 'linee aaru onyanyo xonghobadi tatwikxokolor mote, fyaxibad hoh' bob "shruhetar jaatir xomajbad".'" fyaxibadi xonghobadixokoleu kewol punor bitoronmulok orthonoitik gathoni sthapon korar poriworte utpadon briddhir dharonat byosto hoi porisil. italy fyaxibad aaru xonghobador ejon prodhan tatwik sarjiyu panunjio "ee biswax korisil je xonghobadixokol bitoronbadir poriworte projujok aasil. bolsebhikxokole teulukor orthonitir porisalona korar xomaluchona kori panunjio "ee logote drirhotare koy je rasiyar sobhiyet rastro prolateriator uporot ek" eknayokotontro "hoi porise, prolateriator nohoy." rosoni aaru facist xonghobadixokol. jetiya 1922 sonor disembor maahot rosonisik fasisto cindical korpo "resonor xadharon confederationor mohaxosibo hisape nirbasito koraa hoisil, tetiya aan italy sindikelistoxokole" rajnoitik gathoni nirman aaru punorgothon "korar lokhyot" fasisto cindicalbad "ror bixex bakyangxotu nischito koriboloi aarombho korisil... rajyo aaru sromor xongslexonor joriyote."rosoni aaru teur fyaxibadi xonghobadi kedarok oti xunkalei" "ugroponthi baa bauponthi upadan" "hisape gonyo koraa hoisil, jiye" "sromikxokolor orthonoitik swartho xurokhito koriboloi aaru teulukor shreni setona rokhya koriboloi chesta korisil."rosonir" "orthonitit xamuhik aagroh" "gorhi tular chesta aasil, jiye niyugkortaxokolok fyaxibadi onuxaxonor odhin kori tulibo aaru sromikxokolok orthonoitik xiddhanto lo" boloi odhik guruttopurno bhumika prodan koribo. fyaxibadi rastror moulik biplowi dix nirdharonor prochestat, rosoniye jukti disil je fyaxibadi xonghobad xonmukhor sthanot thakibo laage, mus 'linir "ill poo' poo 'lo' di 'italia" baatori kakotot ghuxona korisil je "kewol fyaxibadi xonghoi biplob xompurno koribo paare."teur prarombhik pujibadi birudhi bitorkot rosoni daabi korisil je pujibade" "utpadonok uddipito aaru bikoxito korar poriworte iyak hotax aaru baatil korisil" "aaru udyugpotixokol" "udaxin, niskriyo aaru ogyo aasil." 1923 sonor aarombhonite udyugpoti aaru karkhanar malikxokole byowoxayik xomproday aaru pujibador uporot fyaxibadi xonghobadir moukhik aakromonor dwara aatongkit hoi porisil, jaar folot teulukor bohutoke bhabiboloi udwudho korisil je "fyaxibadixokolor biruddhe jujiboloi communistxokolok dhon diyatu etiya buddhimanor kaam neki!"obirot aakromon obyahot thokar loge loge 1926 sonoloike rosoni teur obhijugot otol aasil jiye udyugixokolok" "vempayar" "aaru" "labhjonok" "hisape sitrito korisil. rosoni kewol dangor udyugixokolok teulukor xamuhik lubhor baabe lokhyo korai nohoy, boroncho "xoru xoru dukan-rokhyokxokolor aakromonatmok lubh" ror biruddhe teur xomaluchonaku kendribhut korisil. kisuman khetrot, rosonir shrom-xomorthok sthitiye markchor "itihaxor gotixil aain" ror dorxonik byakhyar baabe udyugixokolok sintit korisil, jaar folot teu karkhanaxomuhor uporot sromikxokolor niyontronor poroborti sthitik xomorthon koriboloi badhyo hoisil. teu jukti disil je udyugixokolor teulukor podd grohon korar boidho odhikar aase, kintu kewol "notun xindiketot xongothito sromikxokole command lo 'boloi proyujoniyo xokhyomota ayotto nokoraloike." niyugkortaxokolor proti fasisto xonghiyo bidruhor folot 1925 sonor aarombhonite ek doliyo eknayokotontro protisthar purbe aaru pisot mus 'linir xaxonor baabe rajnoitik xomosyar sristi hoisil. kintu bitorkor pisotu, ror' cho 'niye 1928 sonot podotyag koriboloi badhyo nuhuwaloike nijor podd bojai rakhisil, xombhobotoh teur pray 30 laakh xoktixali union xodosyopodor bhoyor baabe ji rastriyo fasisto dolor xodosyopodok bohu porimane otikrom korisil. alfredo rokkur xindicate aainor odhinot 1926 sonor 3 apriloloike italyr swadhin sromik xonghoxomuh rastriyokoron koraa huwa nasil jodiu 1922 sonor bhitorot facist xindiketxomuh xomajbadi aaru ketholik sromik xongothonxomuhor baabe ek prodhan nijukti protijugi hoi porisil."1920 sonor bhitorot 2,000,000 xodosyor xodosyopodor xikhorot uponeet huwar pisot, 1922 sonor majbhagoloike sromikor swotontro xadharon confederation 4,00,000 xodosyoloi hraax paisil. onyanyo unionbureu thik tenei beyaa owosthat aasil. 1921 sonot "populari" ror ketholik xindicator 12 laakh xodosyo aasil, kintu 1922 sonor xexor faale ee 540,000 loi hraax paisil. tothapiu, rosonisonik mus 'linir proxaxonot ejon mulyowan netaa hisape gonyo koraa hoisil, ji 1930-1943 aaru onyanyo uscho podor poraa fyaxibador grand councilor xodosyo hoisil. 1920-ror doxokor aarombhonite biplowi xomajbadixokolor netritwot huwa digholiya karkhana dhormoghotor xomoyot xonghotit huwa orthonoitik owosthar owonotir folot fyaxibadi xonghor xodosyopodor xongkhya briddhi paisil. dokhol koraa karkhanabure bittiyo xomosyar xonmukhin hoisil, mojuri diboloi nogod dhonor obhab hoisil, aaru utpadonxilotar stor hraax paisil."jetiya karkhanar sromikxokole karkhana tyag koriboloi aarombho korisil, sromikxokolok teulukor kormosthanot rakhiboloi" redd gaard "niyug koraa hoisil, kisuman khetrot sromikxokolok" hingxar bhabukir odhinot kaam koriboloi badhyo koraa hoisil."fyaxibadi xongho xongothonxomuhor xofolotat orihona juguwa bixoy aasil fyaxibadi dolor xoite teulukor drirho xomporko, jitu niti italy xomajbadi doll aaru onyanyo sromik xonghoi grohon koraa nasil. fyaxibadi xonghobador keibatau prokar aasil, odhik modhyomiyar poraa aarombho kori moulobadiloike. odhik moulobadi fyaxibadi xonghobadixokolor bhitorot ejon aasil darxonik ugu spiritu. bauponthi fasisto" hisape gonyo koraa spirituwe ek jonopriyo prokaror "nigombad" ror xonggramok xomorthon korisil, ji ek dhoronor malikanadhin nigom jiye "obansito orthonoitik kendrikoron obihone xamuhik malikanar boixistyo prodan korisil." rosonir uporiu, sarjiyu panunjio "aaru e. oh '. olivatic "ataitkoi xuxongot" italy xonghobadixokol hisape gonyo koraa hoisil, jixokolok itihaxbidxokole "fasisto left" hisape shrenibodho korise. teuluke fyaxibad aaru xonghobadi aadorxobadok xongxodiyo udarotabador poriworton hisape sinakto korisil jaate sromik aaru xadharon manuhor swarthor ogrogotir logote "orthonitir aadhunikikoron" koribo paari." roch "nir mote, prostutkarixokolor maajot" orthonoitik nyay aaru xamajik xonghoti "prosaror baabe nigomxomuhok shrestho protisthan hisape dekha goisil. fyaxibadi trade union confederation (krixi sromik) ror netritwo diya luigi rajuwe bhabisil je orthoniti xongothonxomuhe fyaxibadi xaxonor baabe ataitkoi guruttopurno rajnoitik upadanok protinidhitwo kore kaaron teuluke sromikxokolok "xiddhanto grohonot guruttopurno bhumika prodan koribo-bixexkoi orthoniti niyontronot." ei "fyax 'cho korpo" retivism "ror joriyote orthoniti aaru rajneeti ek xongmisronor faale aagbarhi juwar loge loge prokrito orthonoitik rastrotur nijoke xaxon korar upay thakibo. rajneeti aaru orthonitir ei ekotrikoron besibhag fyaxibadi xonghobadir baabe "baau-fyaxibadi dharonar mool" aasil, jixokole fyaxibadok ek rajnoitik dharona aaru niti hisape xomorthon korisil, kintu orthonoitik byowostha hisape nohoy. fyaxibadi rastror kortobyo aasil orthonoitik gutt aaru xamuhik swarthor odhinot xongothito utpadon aaru orthonoitik karzokolapxomuhok sringkholabodho koraa, aanhate orthonitik aaru nijakoi kaam koriboloi onumoti diya nasil. mus 'linee aaru teur fasisto xaxon. prokrito mojuri hraax bondho koraa, 40 ghontar xoptahtu bojai rokha, aaru sromikxokolor odhikaror nischoyota diboloi fyaxibadi shrom aain xompurno koraa ek notun "sromor charter" sristi korar prochestat mus 'lini ror' sonir proti xohari jonaisil, jaar folot sromor baabe osposto laabh hoisil. kintu purbote mus 'lini ekedhoronor sromik-xomorthonmulok poddhotit odhik xoktixali aasil. 1919 sonot dalminor "frenchai ee gregorini" dhatubidya prokolpot "union italiana dell labhuru" (uil)-ror dhormoghotot teu karkhanaxomuhor sromikxokolor dokholok xomorthon korisil. teulukok "sristixil dhormoghot" buli obhihito kori musuliniye jure di koy je sromikxokolor karkhanar malikxokolor xoite "xomota" ror odhikar aase, aaru iyak prapto koriboloi dhormoghotot jorito huwar odhikar aase. teur mool xotorkobani aasil je dhormoghotuwe utpadonot baadha dibo nalage, aaru sromikxokole utpadon prokriyat xomanbhabe ongxogrohon korar issa aaru dhormoghot onuxoronor dayitwo paalon korar xokhyomota duyutai dekhuway. shrenir xohojugita bojai rakhiboloi mus 'linir sorkari niti thoka swotweu, italyr "bauponthi nigombadixokole" shrenir parthokyok onibarzo buli bibesona kori aasil, jodi nigomxomuhe xosakoiye sromikxokolok jorito koribo laage tente shreni bhittik xongsthaxomuh otyawosyokiyo buli biswax korisil. musuliniye aan etaa dixot aagbarhi juwar xiddhanto loisil, 1917 sonor xexor faale ei xiddhantot uponeet hoisil je udyugikbhabe pispora rastroxomuhor biplowixokolor baabe rothdox marxism mulotoh opraxongik aasil. musulini aaru fyaxibadi buddhijibixokole jukti dekhuwaisil je jodi burjwar dwara teulukor oitihaxik daybodhota puron koribo nuwari aaru ekhon rastror udyugor antohgathonir ogrogoti koribo nuwari, tente ei kaamtu jonopriyo jonoxadharon aaru obhijat ogroni porzayor lukor usoroloi sthanantorito koribo lagibo, jaar baabe shrenir xohojugitar proti ek protisrutir proyujon hoh 'bob jaate shreni aaru burjwar utpadokxokolor joriyote xomprodayor utpadonxil xombhawonar xewa koribo paari. musulini shrenixomuhor maajot ei xohojugitak ek notun gonotontro hisape bornona korisil-"utpadonxil shrenir ek bisokhyon aaru xot xaxon."shreni xonggramor biruddhe mus 'linir birudhitar protidhwoni marxbadi xongoskarok aaru xamajik gonotontrobadixokolor ek purbor bhawonar protidhwoni hoisil, jaar bhitorot aasil edward bernstein, jiye koichil je" xomajbadixokole shreni xonghat aaru biplowor poriworte xohojugita aaru bibortonor uporot gurutwo diyar proyujon." kisumane daabi kore je "musulinir oti-bauponthi xonghobad"-e 1922 sonor bhitorot facismor ek notun xongxudhonor jonmo di gabriel di 'aanunjur oti-xuponthi jatiyotabador xoite ekotrito hoisil. aan kisumane daabi kore je 1921 sonor xexoloike, musulini etiyau trade unionbadok xomorthon koraa bauponthi poromporar proti onugoto hisape teur khyati bojai rakhiboloi chesta kori italy fasesburor naam xoloni kori "facist lebar party" koo rakhiboloi posondo korisil, bixexkoi jodi teu aaru teur facist netaxokole xadharon sromik xongho (chi. ji. el.) ror xomorthon laabh koribo paare. tritiyo facist congressot (nobo. 7-10,1921) biplowi xomajbadi aaru sromik xonghor xokti hraax koriboloi chesta koraa hingxatmok scowadrist milisiak xontusto koriboloi ek xomojhutamulok poddhotit. tothapiu, 1934 sonor bhitorot, musulini teur bohutu bojar-poripokotar sthiti xoloni koriboloi aarombho korisil aaru teu gourowanwito korisil je teu italyr orthonitir tini-soturthangxo "rajyor haatot" rakhisil. udyugxomuhok brihot porimanor rino diya aagxarir bankxomuhok 1930-ror doxokor aarombhonite uddhar koribo logaa hoisil, jenekoi bohutu brihot oudyugik companye korisil. dutaa notun rajyik-porisalito holding company, italy oudyugik bitto protisthan (istitutu mobilier italianu; imi) aaru oudyugik punorgothon protisthan (istitutu paar laa recoustrujion industrial; aairi), bifol protisthanxomuhok xohay koriboloi aaru notun oudyugik biniyugor baabe muldhon prodan koriboloi sthapon koraa hoisil; teuluke proxikhito byowosthapok aaru pholoproxu bittiyo nirikhyonou prodan korisil. eidore italye ek bixal, rajyo netritwadhin oudyugik khondo aahoron korisil, ji bixexkoi benking, ispat, swipping, ostro-xostro aaru jolobidyut juganor khetrot guruttopurno aasil. obosye, ei protisthanxomuh rastriyokoron koraa huwa nasil. iyar poriworte, teuluke bojarot byoktigoto company hisape kaam korisil aaru tothapiu bohutu byoktigoto ongxidar aasil. 1943 sonot natxixokolor baabe putola sorkar hisape uttor italyt aabodho huwar pisot, musuliniye italy xamajik gonorajyor odhinot "xamajikikoron" ror prosar korisil. 1944 sonor aarombhonite, mus 'linir "xamajikikoron aain"-e udyugor rastriyokoronor aahban jonaisil jiye ene niti onuxoron koribo zo' too "sromikxokole karkhana aaru byowoxayik byowosthaponat ongxogrohon koribo lagibo."

fasibadi syndicatebad facist syndicatebad (jatiya syndicatebader saathe somporkito) ekti banijya syndicate andolon chhilo (farasi bhasay 'syndicate' maane trade union) jaa dwitiya bishwojuddher purboborti biplobi syndicatebad andoloner utpotti theke udbhuto hoyechilo jaar beshirbhagi edmondo rozsoni, sergio panunjio, ayee. oo. olivetti, mishela bianchi, alceste dii ambris, paolo orano, masimo rakka ebong guido pigeti, georges soreler probhabe, jaake syndicater 'adhibid' hisabe bibechona koraa hoto. fasibadi sindiketbadira fasibader anyanno rooper theke alada chhilo kaaron taaraa sadharonoto shreni sangram, shromik-niyantrita karkhana ebong shilpopotider proti shatrutar pokkhe chhilo, jaa itihasbidder taader "bampanthi fasibadi adarshabadi" hisabe chitrito korte porichalito korechilo jaaraa "dunn fasibadider theke amul alada chhilo."sadharonoto italir onnotomo maulabadi fasibadi syndicatist hisabe bibechito, rojni chhilen" "fasibadi syndicatebader prodhan probokta., ebong "shreni sangram"-err madhyome jatiyotabadke anupranito korar chesta korechilen. biplobi syndicatebad theke jatiya syndicatebad. kokhono kokhono biplobi sanghabader "jonok" baa ontotopokkhe "farasi sanghabaddhader modhye shirshosthaniyo byaktitto" hisabe bibechito, georges corol sangsadiya doll ebong rajneetir durnitigrasta probhaber biruddhe ladai korar jonno jongi trade unionbadke samarthan korechilen, emonki jodio bidhayakra sposhtobhabe samajtantrik chhilen. ekjon farasi marksbadi hisabe jini 1920-err doshoker godar dike ekjoge lenin, bolshevism ebong musolinike samarthan korechilen, tini shreni sangrame sorbohara shrenir kaaron ebong sadharan dhormoghoter samajik pouranik kahini toirir madhyome udbhuto "viparyakar merukaran" prochar korechilen. syndicatebader uddeshya chhilo punjibader biluptir jonno dharmaghata sangathito koraa; etike rashtriya samajtantrer saathe protisthapito koraa noy, borong shromik-shrenir utpadokder ekti samaj gadey tola. eyi khotoke "satyikarer" marksabad hisabe bibechona koraa hoy. 1908 saale taanr boi 'reflections ono violence "-ayee, gorala" syndicate "-keey hingsattok bidrohe shromikder sangathito korar prochesta, shromikder sahingsatar jonno lajjit naa howar jonno bojhanor prochesta ebong" rajneeti, projatontro oo deshprem "-err proti taader abagya koraa uchito boley samarthan korechilen. eyi corlean orthe, marksbadi shreni sangramer saathe jukto sahingsatake sukkho, birottopurno ebong "sabhyatar anadikal swarther" sebay byakhya koraa jete paare. onek europea samajtantrik biplobi syndicater podey jog diyechilen, jaar modhye benito musolinio chhilen, jini daabi korechilen jey tini 1904 saaler modhye biplobi syndicater kachhe atmosomorpon korechilen, ullekh korey jey etty ekti sadharan dhormoghoter somoy ghotechilo, jodio tini agey syndicater saathe jorito chhilen. 1909 saaler modhye, samajtantrik sangsad sadasyader aposhmulok neeti, ganotantrik samajtantrer dike andolon ebong proletariyeter abonoti niye hotash hoye porey jaaraa "bipul orthonoitik subidhar bhangima" dwara prolubdho hoyechilo. koraler motey, sorbohara shreni taanr biplobi poribortoner prottashar proti saadaa dichchilo naa baa marxer "durdanto mahakabya"-err swapner proti saadaa dichchilo naa. marksbader eyi punarmulyayanti soralke benedetto crosser sutroti grohon korte porichalito korechilo jey "samajtantra maaraa geche."eyi somoye, samajtantra somporke koraler onek samalochana ebong lekha chhilo" "marksbader govir sangkat" "-err protikriyay.antonio labriolar motey, tini utsaher sange eyi sangkater byakhya deena ebong eyi sangkatke samajtantrer ektite rupantarita corren." marksbader sotota oo buddhibrittikata venge jachchilo ebong "birottopurno sorbohara shreni" burjoader moto byaboharbad dwara hoy astittohin baa tototai kolushito boley promanito hoyechilo."koraler motey, ganotantrik-projatontro sarkarer khomota shromik shrenir biplobi uddogke durbal korey dichchilo jaa taake jatiyatabad soho anyanno bikalpa khunjte badhyo korechilo, tobey konao rajtantrahin. samajtantrer eyi sangkat samadhaner jonno, corol ekti ganotantrobirodhi samajtantrer dike jhunke porechilo jaa ekti maulabadi jatiyotabadke antarbhukta korey, jodio ekhono shromik-malikanadhin karkhanagulir proti taanr samarthan dhorey rekhechilo, kintu ekti boidhormik marksbader adhine err "bastubadi ebong juktibadi sarmormo" theke bichchinno hoye giechilo. 1909 saale, corol italir biplobi syndicatebader ekti prabhabshali journal, enrico leoner "ill divenier soshyala"-ayee ekti nibondho prakash corren, jaa porey charles morras dwara "birodhi sangsadiya samajtantrik" shironame "ell action frankais"-ayee punra mudrito ebong champion koraa hoy. corol prothom byakti chhilen naa jini jatiyatabad ebong syndicatebader dike sorey giechilen. 1902 theke 1910 saaler modhye italiya biplobi syndicatistder ekti cadder italiya jatiyotabadke syndicatebader saathe ekotrito korar jonno ekti mission shuru korechilo. porey taaraa "fasibadi andoloner protisthata" hoye othe ebong musolinir shasone "mool podey adhisthito" hoy. sadharonoto, prothom bishwojuddher somoy ebong 1918 saaler juddhobirotir porer masgulite italiya sanghabad abosheshe jatiya sanghabaddhatay ekotrito hoy. mouras koraler somorthonke swagoto janiyechilen jey taaraa dujonei farasi samajtantrer "ganotantrikkaran"-err dike drutogotite konao prottabortoner pothe naa pouchano niye udwigno chhilen, jaa ekti shaktishali samajik ganotantro andolone ekotrito hoyechilo. mourader kachhe, samajtantrer bishuddhota ganotantrer prolovon dwara dokhol koraa theke biroto thakte hoyechilo, ghoshana korey jey "ganotantrik ebong bishwojonin upadan theke mukto samajtantra jatiyotabader saathe khaap khaay ebong ekti vall toiri gloves ekti sundar haater saathe khaap khaay."kintu eyi somoye phillip buchez ebong fardinand lasaler moto onek europea samajtantrikder jonno eyi dharaner chintabhabna aswabhabik chhilo naa, jaaraa" "ganotantroke ghrina koroto ebong jatike uchchikrito koroto."ganotantrer proti taanr bidwesher karone, corol ebong syndicatistora rajnaitik doll ebong ganotantrik protisthaner pashapashi "sorbohara shrenir marksbadi eknayaktantra" keey prottakhyan korechilo, kintu ganotantro oo nirbachoner proti curl marxer birodhitar proti kartabyaparayan chhilo. err agey, marks sweekar korechilen jey 1848 saaler biplobe taanr biplobi karjokolap ganotantrer biruddhe juddher parikalpana chhada arr kichui chhilo naa." marksbadke banchanor prochestai, corol janapriyata ebong jatiyotabader sangshleshaner dike akrishto hoyechilo jaar modhye "ihudi-birodhitar sabcheye nisthur" antarbhukta chhilo. eyi somoyer modhye, corol ebong anyanno syndicatistora eyi uposonghare pouchechilen jey, sorbohara hingsa akarjokor chhilo kaaron "sorbohara shreni taar biplobi bhumika palon korte akkham chhilo", emon ekti mulyayan jaa onekke jaati-rashtroke sorbohara-vittik samaj protisthar sarbottama upay hisabe dekhte raji korechilo, jaa porey sorbohara jatiyotabader fasibadi dharonar saathe jukto hoyechilo. onek biplobi syndicatist maulabadi jatiyotabader proti taanr corol ebong corlean somajtontroke anusaran korechilen jokhon tini 1909 saale mourader proshongsha korechilen ebong farasi abichcheddo jatiyotabader proti sahanubhuti prodorshon korechilen. charles moras jey abedonti uposthapon korechilen taa chhilo burjoa ganotantro, aloksajja ebong "err udarniti, err swatantrata ebong byaktider samashti hisabe samaj somporke taar dharonar biruddhe taanr jatiyatabadi drishtibhongi."eyi probonota abyahoto chhilo ebong 1911 saaler modhye biplobi sindiketbadira sweekar korechilen jey duti guruttopurno birodhi rajnaitik probaho ekotrito hoyeche, jaa ekti notun jatiyatabad ebong biplobi samajtantrer sutropat koreche."eyi sanghati abosheshe italiya fasibader ekti prodhan dick hisabe abirbhuto hoyechilo, jekhane musolini nijei sweekar korechilenoh" "aami jaa, aami taar jonno rinee."fasibader ekjon shirshosthaniyo biseshoggo hisabe bibechito israeli itihasbid give starnhell jore diye bollen jey deshpremhin jatiyotabader saathe syndicatebader eyi sanhatkaran keena "italiya biplobi syndicatebad fasibadi motadorsher merudondo hoye othe taar ekti kaaron chhilo." fasibadi sanghabad ebong utpadonshilota. musolini chhilen prothom byakti jini fasibadke syndicatebader saathe jukto corren, 1920-err doshoker godar dike montobbo korechilen jey "facist syndicatebad jatiya ebong utpadonshil... emon ekti jatiya somaje jekhane shrom ekti ananda, gorber vishay ebong avijatter jonno ekti upadhi hoye othe."beshirbhag italiya syndicatistora samajik biplobke" "uchchotoro utpadonshilota" "prodaner jonno druto rupantarer ekti upay hisabe dekhechilen ebong jodi eyi orthonoitik prachurjo ghotote byartho hoy tobey konao orthopurno samajik poriborton hotey paare naa. utpadokotar" gurutter proti syndicateder jore mulat 1907 saale corol dwara shuru hoyechilo, jini jukti diyechilen jey "marks bibechona corren jey orthonoitik sokkhomota orjon koraa utpadokder ekti sorbohara shrenir dwara ekti biplob."jokhon carlo cafeiro italiya bhasay muldhaner prathomik porimaner jonno ekti sangkalan toiri korechilen, tokhon marks taanr sahokarmike money koriye diyechilen jey" "sorbohara shrenir muktir jonno prayojaniya bostugoto poristhiti aboshyoi" "punjibader bikasher dwara swatosfurtobhabe toiri hotey hobey (" "deena gyang daar capitalistition pradakashana" ")." russier grihojuddher samapti ebong juddho communism theke uttoroner porr fasibadi sindiketbadider modhye utpadonbader totter samarthan prosarito hoy, jaa uchcho bekarotto ebong emon ekti poribesh dekhay jekhane "beshirbhag qala oo karkhana ochol hoye porechilo; khoni oo kaliyari dhongso hoye giechilo ebong plabito hoyechilo." notun orthonoitik neeti (enn. ee. pii) probortoner porr, italiya sindiketbadira gonda marksabad theke arow doore sorey jete thaake, poribortito somoyer saathe khaap khaiye nitey ebong err kaushalgata lokkhogulike utsahito korte etty sangshodhan korte dridhapratigya. taaraa jukti diyechilo jey russian balshevikra orthonoitikbhabe pichhiye padaa poribeshe ekti samajik biplob protisthar chesta korar bipod somporke inglaser 1850 saaler upodesh meney cholte byartho hoyechilo. eyi probonota soviet russier orthonoitik oshusthotar onek bochor agey udbhuto hoyechilo, jaa beshirbhag italiya syndicatistder bhul ebong trutiguli atikram korte prorochito korechilo jaa taaraa biswas koroto jey taaraa gonda marksbader modhye khunje peyeche."sarasari kormer madhyome utpadoner madhyomer upor shromik niyantran aanar jonno bikoshito, syndicatebader buddhijibira upolobdhi korte perechilen jey italir adim arthaniti samajer jonno somota baa prachurjoke sahajtara korte paare naa. burjoader dwara bikoshito ekti poripoko shilp chhada, taaraa bujhte perechilo jey ekti sofol samajik biplober jonno "shrenihin" biplobider samarthan prayojan. musolini, italiya syndicatist, jatiyatabadi ebong bhabishyatabadider saathe jukti diyechilen jey eyi biplobira fasibadi hobey, marksbadi baa onno konao motadorsho noy. musolini ebong anyanno sanghabadi tattikder motey, fasibad hobey "sorbohara jatigulir samajtantra".'" fasibadi sindiketbadirao cable ekti punarbantanmulak orthonoitik kathamo protisthar poriborte utpadon briddhir dharona niye byasto hoye porechilen. italiya fasibad oo syndicatebader ekjon prodhan tattik sergio panunjio biswas korten jey syndicatistora bitoronbadider poriborte projojok chhilen. bolshevikder orthonitir porichalonar samalochana korey panunjio arow jore diyechilen jey, russier soviet rashtro sorbohara shrenir upor "eknayaktantra" hoye utheche, sorbohara shrenir noy." rosni ebong fasibadi syndicatistora. 1922 saaler decembere jokhon rosney fasibadi syndicate corporationgulir sadharan confederationer mahasachib hisabe nirbachito hohn, tokhon anyanno italiya syndicatistora "rajnaitik kathamo nirman oo punargathan"-err lakkhye "fasibadi syndicatebad" shobdobondhotike samarthan korte shuru corren... rashtro oo shromer samanwayer madhyome."rosney ebong taanr fasibadi syndicate caderke shighroi" "maulabadi baa bampanthi upadan" "hisabe bibechona koraa hoyechilo, jaaraa" "shromikder orthonoitik swartho rakkha korte ebong taader shreni chetna sanrakkhan korte cheyechilo."rozsoni" "orthonitite sommilito agroho" "gadey tolar chesta korechilen, jaa shromikder orthonoitik siddhanta neoar jonno arow guruttopurno bhumika prodaner pashapashi niyogkarider fasibadi shringkhalar adheen korbe. fasibadi rashtrer moulik biplobi dick nirdharoner prochestai, rosney jukti diyechilen jey fasibadi syndicatebadke agrabhage thaka uchito, musolinir "ill popolo dii 'italia" sangbadpatre ghoshana korechilen jey "shudhumatra fasibadi syndicate biplobti sampurna korte paare."taanr prothom diker punjibadi birodhi bitorke, rosoni daabi korechilen jey punjibad" "utpadonke uddipito oo bikasher poriborte hotash oo batil korey diyeche" "ebong shilpopotira" "udasin, nishkriya ebong oggo chhilen." 1923 saaler godar dike byabasayi sampradai oo punjibader upor fasibadi syndicateder moukhik akromoner karone shilpopoti oo karkhanar malikra atongkito hoye paden, jaar foley taander modhye onekei bhabte shuru corren jey, "fasibadider biruddhe ladai korar jonno communistder ortho pradan koraa ekhon buddhimaner kaaj!"abichchinno akraman abyahoto thakay, 1926 saaler modhye rozsoni taanr abhijoger proti ottle chhilen jaa shilpopotider" "vampire" "ebong" "munafa arjankari" "hisabe chitrito korechilo. rozsoni cable borh shilpopotider taader sommilito lover jonno lakkhyabastu korenni, borong "chhoto dokandarder akromonattok love"-err biruddhe taanr somalochonakeo kendra korey. kichhu kichhu khettre, rosnir shromoponthi abosthan shilpopotider chintito korechilo kaaron markser "itihaser gotishil aain"-err darshonik byakhya taanke karkhanagulite shromikder niyantraner sombhabyotake samarthan korte porichalito korechilo. tini jukti diyechilen jey shilpopotider taader podo grohon korar boidho adhikar royeche, tobey kebolmatro "notun sindiketgulite sangathito shromikra jotokkhon naa netritto neoar jonno prayojaniya sokkhomota ayatta korey." niyogkarider proti fasibadi syndicateder shatruta 1925 saaler godar dike eka-daliya eknayaktantra protisthar agey oo porey musolinir shasoner jonno rajnaitik samasya srishti korechilo. kintu bitorko sotteo, rojni 1928 saale podotyag korte badhyo naa haoya porjonto taanr abosthan dhorey rekhechilen, sombhoboto taanr pray 30 lokkho shaktishali union sadasyapada niye bhoyer karone jaa jatiya fasibadi doler sadasyapadke byapokbhabe chhadiye giechilo. alfredo rocor syndicate aainer adhine 1926 saaler 3raa april porjonto italite swadhin shromik unionguli jatiyakaran naa holeo 1922 saaler modhye facist syndicateguli samajtantrik oo catholic shromik sangathangulir jonno ekti prodhan niyog protijogi hoye othe."1920 saaler modhye aaee. dii. 1-ero beshi sadasyer sadasyapade pouchonor porr, swadhin sadharan shrom confederationty 1922 saaler majhamajhi somoye 4,00,000-ayee neme aase. anyanno uniongulio thhik temonyi kharap foll korey. 1921 saale "popolary"-rawr catholic syndicater 12 lokkho sadasya chhilo, kintu 1922 saaler shesher dike taa komey 540,000-ayee neme aase. taa sotteo, rosonike musolinir proshashone ekjon mulyaban neta hisabe bibechona koraa hoto, ebong tini aaee. dii. 1 ebong anyanno uchcho podo theke fasibader granned counciler sadasya hoye othen. fasibadi syndicater sadasyapada briddhir beshirbhagi 1920-err doshoker godar dike biplobi samajtantrikder netritte deergho karkhana dhormoghoter somoy ghote yawa abonotishil orthonoitik abosthar karone udbhuto hoyechilo. dokhol koraa karkhanaguli arthik samasya, majuri deoar jonno nagad orther abhab ebong utpadonshilotar matra hraser sammukhin hoyechilo."karkhanar shromikra jokhon karkhana porityag korte shuru korey, tokhon shromikder taader kormosthole rakhar jonno" "laal rakkhi" "nijukto koraa hoy, kichhu khettre shromikder" "sahingsatar humkir mukhe kaaj korte" "badhyo koraa hoy."fasibadi union sangathangulir safalye jaa abodan rekhechilo taa holl fasibadi doler saathe taader dridha sangjukti, emon ekti neeti jaa italiya samajtantrik doll ebong anyanno shrom confederation dwara grihito hoyney. fasibadi syndicatebader besh koyekti roop chhilo, jaa arow madhyapanthi theke maulabadi porjonto chhilo. darshonik ugo spirito chhilen arow ugro fasibadi syndicatistder modhye ekjon. baam fasibadi" hisabe bibechito, spirito ekti janapriya dharaner "corporatebad"-err jonno sangramke samarthan korechilo, eka dharaner malikanadhin karporeshana jaa "abanchito orthonoitik kendrikaran chharai somostigoto malikana"-err baisishtya sarbaraha korechilo." rosni chharao sergio panunjio ebong ayee. oo. olivetike "sabcheye susongoto" italiya syndicatist hisabe bibechona koraa hoto, jaader itihasbidra "facist baam" hisabe shreniboddho korechen. taanra fasibad oo sindiketbadi motadorshoke sangsadiya udartabader protisthapon hisabe chinnito korechilen jaate shromik oo sadharan manusher swarther pashapashi "orthonitir adhunikikaran" koraa yaay." rosni onusare, utpadonkarider modhye "orthonoitik nyaybichar ebong samajik sanghati" procharer jonno corporationgulike sera protisthan hisabe dekha hoto. luigi rajo, jini ekti fasibadi trade union confederationer (krishi shromik) prodhan chhilen, tini bhebechilen jey arthaniti sangathanguli fasibadi shasoner jonno sabcheye guruttopurno rajnaitik upadaner protinidhitto korey kaaron taaraa shromikder siddhanta grohone-biseshoto arthaniti niyantrane gurutoro bhumika pradan korbe." eyi "phasos corporatebad"-err madhyome, arthaniti oo rajneeti jokhon ekotrikoroner dike egiye jachchilo, tokhon prokrito orthonoitik jaatir nijeder shasson korar upay thakat. rajneeti oo orthonitir eyi ekikaran beshirbhag fasibadi syndicatistder jonno "baam-fasibadi dharonar mool" chhilo, jaaraa fasibadke ekti rajnaitik dharona ebong neeti hisabe samarthan korechilo, kintu orthonoitik byabostha hisabe noy. fasibadi rashtrer kortobbo chhilo orthonoitik gosthi ebong somostigoto swarther adhine sangathito utpadon oo orthonoitik kriyakalapke shringkholaboddho koraa, ebong orthonitike arr taar nijer upor cholte deoa hoyney. musolini ebong taanr fasibadi shasson. prokrito majuri kaata bondho korte, 40 ghanta saptaha bojay rakhte ebong shromikder adhikarer nischoyotar jonno fasibadi shrom aain sampurna korar jonno ekti notun "shrom sonod" toiri korar prochestai musolini rosnir proti protikriyashil chhilen, jaar foley shromer jonno osposhto laav hoyechilo. kintu atite musolini ekoi dharaner shrom-somorthok poddhotite arow shaktishali chhilen. 1919 saale dalminyte "franchaiji ee gregorini" dhatob karkhana "union italiana dell lavoro" (uil) dhormoghote tini shromikder karkhanar dokholke samarthan korechilen. musolini taader "srijanshil dharmaghata" boley abhihito korey jore diyechilen jey shromikder karkhana malikder saathe "somota" bojay rakhar ebong taa orjoner jonno dhormoghote jorito howar adhikar royeche. taanr prodhan satarkabarta chhilo jey dhormoghoter foley utpadon byahoto haoya uchito noy ebong shromikra utpadon prokriyay somanbhabe ongshogrohoner ichcha ebong dhormoghoter onusorone badhyobadhokota sampadaner sokkhomota ubhayi dekhay. shreni sahojogita bojay rakhar jonno musolinir sarkari neeti sotteo, italir "baam corporatebadira" shreni parthokyoke anibarjo hisabe dekhte thaake, biswas korey jey jodi corporationguli prokritopokkhe shromikder jorito korte chaay tobey shreni vittik sangosthaguli aporiharjo. musolini onno dike egiye yawar siddhanta niyechilen, 1917 saaler shesher dike eyi uposonghare pouchechilen jey, shilponnotobhabe pichhiye padaa deshgulir biplobider jonno gonda marksabad mulat aprasangik chhilo. musolini ebong fasibadi buddhijibira jukti dekhiyechilen jey, burjoa shreni jodi taader oitihasik dayitto palon korte naa paare ebong ekti desher shilp porikathamoke egiye niye jete naa paare, tahle eyi kaajti janapriya jonogon ebong abhijato aggrogamider kachhe hastantar korte hobey, jaar jonno shreni sahojogitar proti protishrutiboddho haoya prayojan jaate proletariyet ebong burjoa utpadokder madhyome sampradayer utpadonshil sombhabonake poribeshon koraa yaay. musolini shrenigulir modhye eyi sahojogitake ekti notun ganotantro hisabe bornona korechen-"utpadonshil shrenir ekti buddhiman ebong sott shasson."shreni sangramer proti musolinir birodhita edward bernstein soho marksbadi sangoskarak ebong samajik ganotantrobadider purboborti anubhutir protidhoni korechilo, jaaraa bolechilo jey" "samajtantrikder shreni sanghat ebong biplober poriborte sahojogita ebong bibortoner upor jore deoa darkar." keu keu daabi corren jey, "musolinir sudur-baam syndicate" gabrielle dii 'anunjor charam-dunn jatiyotabader sange mishe giechilo, jaa 1922 saaler modhye fasibader ekti notun sangshodhaner jonmo deyo. onnora daabi corren jey, 1921 saaler shesher dike, musolini tokhono trade unionbadke samarthan korar bampanthi oitijhyer proti onugoto hisabe taanr khyati bojay rakhar prochestai italiya fasiser naam poriborton korey "fasibadi shromik doll" rakhte pochondo korten, bishesh korey jodi tini ebong taanr fasibadi netara sadharan shrom confederation (shee. zii. ell)-err samarthan petey paren. musolini tritiya fasibadi congresse (navembar) samajtantrikder saathe taanr prostabito shrom joat tyag corren. 7-10,1921) biplobi samajtantrik ebong shromik uniongulir khomota hrass korar chesta koraa sohingso squadrist millisiader santushta korar jonno ekti samajhota poddhotite. zaihok, 1934 saaler modhye, musolini taanr bazar-poripokkotar onek abosthanke biporito korte shuru corren ebong gorbo corren jey tini italiya orthonitir tinn-choturthangsho "rashtrer haate" rekhechilen. shilpoke prachur rino deoa shirshosthaniyo bankgoolike 1930-err doshoker godar dike uddhar korte hoyechilo, jemon onek borh shilp sangosthake korechilo. duti notun rashtro porichalito holding company, italian industrial finance institute (istituto mobilier italiano; imi) ebong institute phara industrial reconstruction (istituto paar laa recostrugion industrial; iri), byartho sangosthagulike uddhar korte ebong notun shilp biniyoger jonno muldhan sarbaraha korar jonno protisthito hoyechilo; taaraa proshikkhito porichalok ebong karjokor arthik tadarkio pradan korechilo. itali eibhabe ekti bishal, rashtro-netrittadhin shilp khettro orjon korey, jaa banking, ispat, jahaz chalachal, ostroshostro ebong jolobidyut sorborahe biseshbhabe guruttopurno chhilo. tobey, eyi sangosthagulike jatiyakaran koraa hoyney. poriborte, taaraa bajare besarkari sangostha hisabe kaaj koroto ebong ekhono taader onek besarkari shareholder chhilo. 1943 saale natsider putul sarkar hisabe uttor italite seemaboddho thucker porr, musolini italian samajik projatontrer adhine "samajikikaran" prochar korechilen. 1944 saaler godar dike, musolinir "samajikikaran aain" shilper jatiyakaraner ahoban jaanaay jaa emon ekti neeti anusaran korbe jekhane "shromikder karkhana ebong byabasayik byabosthaponay ongshogrohon korte hobey."

fasiwadi sanghwad fasiwadi sanghwad (rashtriya sanghwad seey sambandhit) ack vyaapaar sanghwad andolan thaa ("syndicate" kaa arth francisi mein trade union haye) joe dwiteeya vishva yuddh seey pahale key krantikari sanghwad andolan kii utpatti seey ubhara thaa, jiska netritva jyaadaatar admondo rosoni, sergio panunzio, aeye. oh. olivatti, michel biyanchi, alceste dee ambris, paolo orano, massimo rokka aur guido pigeti, georges vran key prabhaav mein, jinhen sindikalwad kaa 'tatvameemaansak' maanaa jaataa thaa. fasiwadi sanghwadi faasivaad key anya roopon seey iss mayane mein alag they kii way aam taur parr varg sangharsh, shramik-niyantrit karkhanon aur udyogpatiyon key prati shatruta kaa pakshadhar they, jisase itihaaskaar unhein "vampanthi fasiwadi aadarshvadiyon" key roop mein chitrit karate hain joe "dakshin faasivaadiyon seey maulik roop seey alag they."aam taur parr itali mein adhik kattarpanthi fasiwadi sanghvaadiyon mein seey ack maane jaane vaale, rosoni" "fasiwadi sanghwad key pramukh pratipaadak" "they., aur "varg sangharsh" key saath raashtravaad koo prerit karane kii koshish kii. rashtriya sanghwad mein krantikari sanghwad. kabhi-kabhi krantikari sanghwad key "pitaa" yaa cumm seey cumm "francisi sanghvaadiyon key beach agrani vyakti" maane jaane vaale georges goral ney sansadiya dalon aur rajneeti key bhrasht prabhaavon seey nipatane key liye ugravaadi trade unionvaad kaa samarthan kiya, bhale hii vidhaayak spasht roop seey samajwadi houn. ack francisi markswadi key roop mein, jinhone 1920 key dashak kii shuruat mein ack saath lenin, bolshevism aur musolini kaa samarthan kiya, coral ney varg sangharsh mein sarvahara varg key kaaran koo badhaava diyaa, aur "vinashkari dhruvikaran" joe samajik mithak-nirmaan key madhyam seey utpann hoga. sanghwad kaa uddeshya poonjeevaad koo samaapt karane key liye hadtaalon kaa ayojan karna thaa; ise raajya samaajvaad key saath pratisthaapit karna naheen, balki shramik-varg utpadakon key samaaj kaa nirmaan karna thaa. iss ghaav koo "vaastav mein sachcha" markswad maanaa jaataa haye. apani 1908 kii pustak, "reflections onn hinsa" mein, goral ney hinsak vidroh mein shramikon koo sangathit karane key prayaas key roop mein "syndicates" key liye auchitya pradaan kiya, taaki shramikon koo hinsa key krityon seey sharminda naa honey key liye raaji kiya jaa sakey, aur unhein "rajneeti, ganarajya aur deshbhakti" kii ninda karni chaahiye. iss shabdashah arth mein, markswadi varg sangharsh seey judee hinsa koo badhiya, veertapurna aur "sabhyata key anadikal key hita" kii seva key roop mein vyakhya kii jaa sakati haye. kaee europeeya samajwadi krantikari sanghvaadiyon key rankon mein shamil hoe gaye, jinamen benito musolini bhee shamil they, jinhone daavaa kiya kii way 1904 taka krantikari sanghwad key saamane haar gaye they, yeh kahate hue kii yeh ack samanya hadtaal key dauran huaa thaa, halanki way pahale sanghwad mein shamil they. 1909 taka, samajwadi sansadon kii samjhauta karane vaali neetiyon, loktaantrik samaajvaad kii or andolan aur sarvahara varg key patan parr krodhit hoe gaye, joe "bhaari aarthik laabhon key chamatkar" seey bahak gaye they. goral kii raay mein, sarvahara varg naa tou krantikari parivartan kii unaki apekshaon kaa jawab dey rhaa thaa aur naa hii marks key "shandar mahakavya" key sapanon kaa. markswad key iss punarmulyankan ney goral koo benedetto cross key sootra koo apanaane key liye prerit kiya kii "samaajvaad marr chuka haye."iss avadhi key dauran, samaajvaad key baare mein coral kii kaee aalochanaaen aur lekhan" "markswad key gahare sankat" "key jawab mein they., jahan unhone, antonio labriola key anusaar, utsaah key saath iss parr vyakhya kii aur iss sankat koo samaajvaad mein badal diyaa." markswad kii akhandata aur bauddhikta sarh rahee thee, aur "veertapurna sarvahara varg" yaa tou astitvaheen prateet hotaa thaa yaa "upyogitaavaad seey utanaa hii bhrasht dikhaaya gayaa thaa jitna kii poonjipati varg."coral key anusaar, loktaantrik-republican sarkaaron kii shakti shramik varg kii krantikari pahal koo cumm curr rahee thee, jisane unhein raashtravaad sahit anya vikalpon kii khoj karane key liye majboor kiya, lekin kissy bhee rajtantra seey rahit. samaajvaad key iss sankat koo hull karane key liye, ack kattarpanthi raashtravaad koo shamil karane vaale ack loktantra-virodhi samaajvaad kii or rukh kiya, jabaki abhee bhee shramikon key swaamitva vaale karkhanon key apane samarthan koo banaae rakhaa, lekin ack vidharmi markswad key tahat isake "bhautikvaadi aur tarkvaadi saar" seey alag hoe gayaa. 1909 mein, coral ney itali mein krantikari sindikalwad kii ack prabhaavshaali patrika, enrico leone key "ill deveneer soshal" mein ack lekh prakaashit kiya, jise baad mein charles mauras dwara "ell 'action franchise" mein "sansadiya samajwadi virodhi" sheershak seey punarmudran aur samarthan kiya gayaa. rashtriyata aur sanghwad kii or badhane vaalaa pahala vyakti vral naheen thaa. 1902 seey 1910 key varshon key dauran italvi krantikari sanghvaadiyon key ack cadder ney italvi raashtravaad koo sanghwad key saath jodane key mission kii shuruat kii thee. way baad mein "fasiwadi andolan key sansthaapak" banane vaale they, aur musolini key shasson mein "pramukh padon parr rahey". aam taur parr, italvi sanghwad antatah pratham vishva yuddh key dauran aur 1918 key yuddhaviram key baad key maheenon mein rashtriya sanghwad mein ekjut hoe gayaa. mauras ney goral key samarthan kaa swaagat kiya kii way donon francisi samaajvaad key "loktantrikaran" kii or apani jaldbaji mein koee vaapsee naheen karane key raaste parr pahunchane seey chintit they, joe ack durjeya samajik loktantra andolan mein ekjut hoe gayaa thaa. mauron key liye, samaajvaad kii shuddhata koo loktantra key pralobhan seey kabja karane seey bachana padaa, yeh ghoshana karate hue kii "loktaantrik aur mahanagariya tatva seey mukt samaajvaad raashtravaad key saath-saath ack achchi tarah seey banaaya gayaa dastaane ack sunder haath mein fitt baithata haye."lekin iss avadhi key dauran kaee europeeya samajvadiyon key liye iss tarah key vichaar asamanya naheen they, jaise kii phillip buchez aur ferdinand lassel, jinhone" loktantra kaa tiraskar kiya aur rashtra koo unchaa kiya."loktantra key prati unaki ghrina key kaaran, kattarpanthi aur sanghvaadiyon ney raajneetik dalon aur loktaantrik sansthanon key saath-saath" "sarvahara varg kii markswadi tanashahi" "koo khariz curr diyaa, lekin loktantra aur chunaavon key liye carle marks key virodh key prati kartavyanishth baney rahey. isase pahale, marks ney sweekaar kiya thaa kii 1848 kii kranti mein unaki krantikari gatividhiyaan loktantra key khilaf yuddh kii yojana key alawa aur kuchh naheen theen." markswad koo bachaane key prayaas mein, vran loklubhavanvad aur raashtravaad key sanshleshan key nirmaan kii or aakarshit huaa jisamen "yahudi-virodhi kaa sabse kathor" bhee shamil thaa. iss samay taka, goral aur anya syndicalists ney nishkarsh nikala kii sarvahara hinsa aprabhaavi thee kyonki "sarvahara varg apani krantikari bhoomika koo puuraa karane mein asamarth thaa", ack aisaa aaklan jisane kaee logon koo rashtra-raajya koo ack sarvahara-adharit samaaj kii sthaapana key liye sabse achche saadhan key roop mein dekhane key liye raaji kiya, joe baad mein sarvahara raashtravaad kii fasiwadi avadharana mein shamil hoe gayaa. kaee krantikari sanghvaadiyon ney maulavi raashtravaad key aakarshan key prati unake mukhar aur mukhar samaajvaad kaa anusaran kiya, jaba unhone 1909 mein mauron kii prashansa kii aur francisi abhinn raashtravaad key prati apani sahaanubhooti pradarshit kii. charles mauras ney joe appeal prastut kii vaha thee burjua loktantra, gyaan aur "isake udaarvaad, isake vyaktivaad aur vyaktiyon key samooh key roop mein samaaj kii avadharana key khilaf unakaa rashtravadi drishtikon."yeh pravritti jaari rahee aur 1911 taka, krantikari sanghvaadiyon ney sweekaar kiya thaa kii dou mahatvapurna virodhi raajneetik dhaaraaen ack saath aaee theen, jisase" ack nayaa raashtravaad aur krantikari samaajvaad "kaa nirmaan huaa thaa."yeh ekikaran antatah italvi faasivaad key ack pramukh pahalu key roop mein saamane aaya, jahan musolini ney khud sweekaar kiyaah" main joe huun, main usake liye rinee huun."israel key itihaaskaar zeev sternhell, jinhen faasivaad kaa ack pramukh visheshagya maanaa jaataa haye, ney jore dekar kahaa kii gair-deshbhakt raashtravaad key saath sanghwad kaa yeh ekikaran ack kaarak thaa kii" italvi krantikari sanghwad fasiwadi vichardhara kii reedh kyon bunn gayaa." fasiwadi sanghwad aur utpaadaktaa. musolini una pahale logon mein seey ack they jinhone 1920 key dashak kii shuruat mein tippani karate hue sanghwad key saath faasivaad vakyansh koo laaya kii "fasiwadi sanghwad rashtriya aur utpaadak haye... ack aise rashtriya samaaj mein jisamen shram ack anand, garv kaa vishay aur kuleenata key liye ack upaadhi bunn jaataa haye."adhikansh italvi sanghvaadiyon ney samajik kranti koo" "behtar utpaadaktaa" "pradaan karane key liye teji seey parivartan key saadhan key roop mein dekhaa, aur yadi yeh aarthik prachurta naheen hoti haye, tou koee saarthak samajik parivartan naheen hoe sakata haye. utpadakvad" key mahatva kii or sanghvaadiyon dwara jore mool roop seey 1907 mein coral dwara shuru kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone tark diyaa thaa kii "marks maanate hain kii utpadakon key ack sarvahara varg dwara ack kranti jinhone [hassil kiya haye] aarthik kshamata."jaba carlo cafero ney italvi mein poonji kii praarambhik matra key liye ack sangrah vikasit kiya, tou marks ney apane sahayogi koo yaad dilaaya kii" "sarvahara varg kii mukti key liye aavashyak bhautik paristhitiyaan" "" "swabhavik roop seey poonjeevaad key vikas (" "daine gaing dair capitalistion production" ") seey utpann honey chaahiye." russie grihyuddh key samaapan aur yuddh saamyvaad seey sankraman key baad fasiwadi sanghvaadiyon key beach utpadakvad key siddhant key liye samarthan kaa vistaar uchch berojgari aur ack aisaa vatavaran dikhaa jahaan "adhikansh mill aur karkhane thapp they; khadaanen aur koyla khadaanen dhwast hoe gaeen aur baadh aaa gaee." naee aarthik neeti (nepal) kii shuruat key baad, italvi sanghvaadiyon ney roodhivaadi markswad seey aur door jaanaa jaari rakhaa, badalate samay key anuroop ise sanshodhit karane aur isake ranneetik lakshyon koo protsaahit karane key liye dridh sankalp kiya. unhone tark diyaa kii russie bolshevik aarthik roop seey pichhade vatavaran mein ack samajik kranti sthaapit karane key prayason key khatron key baare mein engels kii 1850 kii chetavani kaa paalan karane mein whiffle rahey they. yeh bahaav soviyat roose kii aarthik aswasthata seey kaee saal pahale ubhara thaa, jisase adhikansh italvi syndicalists koo una trutiyon aur kamiyon koo paar karane key liye prerit kiya gayaa thaa joe unakaa maanana thaa kii way roodhivaadi markswad mein paae gaye they."pratyaksh kaarravaai dwara utpaadan key sadhanon parr shramikon kaa niyantran laane key liye vikasit, sanghwad key buddhijiviyon koo ehsas huaa kii itali kii adim arthavyavastha naa tou samaantaa kii suvidha pradaan curr sakati haye aur naa hii samaaj key liye bahutaayat. burjua dwara vikasit ack paripakva udyog key binaa, way samajh gaye kii ack safal samajik kranti key liye "vargaheen" krantikariyon key samarthan kii aavashyakta hoti haye. musolini ney italvi sanghvaadiyon, rashtravadiyon aur bhavishyavadiyon key saath tark diyaa kii way krantikari fasiwadi honge, naa kii markswadi yaa koee anya vichardhara. musolini aur anya sanghwadi siddhantkaron key anusaar, faasivaad sarvahara rashtron kaa samaajvaad hoga.'" fasiwadi sanghwadi bhee kewal ack punarvitaranaatmak aarthik sanrachana sthaapit karane key bajaay utpaadan badhaane key vichaar mein vyast hoe gaye. italvi faasivaad aur sanghwad key ack pramukh siddhantkar sergio panunzio kaa maanana thaa kii sanghwadi vitaranvaadiyon key bajaay nirmaata they. bolshevikon dwara apani arthavyavastha koo sambhaalane kii apani aalochana mein, panunzio ney yeh bhee kahaa kii russie soviyat raajya sarvahara varg parr "tanashahi" bunn gayaa thaa, naa kii sarvahara varg parr." rosni aur fasiwadi syndicalist. jaba rosoni koo disambar 1922 mein fasiwadi syndical nigamon key samanya parisangh key mahasachiv key roop mein chunaa gayaa, tou anya italvi syndicalists ney "raajneetik sanrachanaon key nirmaan aur punargathan" key apane uddeshya mein "fasiwadi sindikalwad" key mukhya vakyansh kii pushti karna shuru curr diyaa... raajya aur shram key sanshleshan key madhyam seey."rosoni aur unake fasiwadi sanghwadi cadder koo jald hii" "kattarpanthi yaa vampanthi tatva" "key roop mein maanaa gayaa, jinhone" "shramikon key aarthik hiton kii raksha karane aur unaki varg chetna koo sanrakshit karane kii koshish kii."rosoni ney" "arthavyavastha mein saamoohik hita" "kaa nirmaan karane kaa prayaas kiya, joe shramikon koo aarthik nirnay lene key liye adhik mahatvapurna bhoomika pradaan karate hue niyoktaon koo fasiwadi anushasana key adheen karega. fasiwadi raajya kii buniyaadi krantikari disha nirdhaarit karane key prayaas mein, rosoni ney tark diyaa kii fasiwadi sanghwad sabse aage honah chaahiye, musolini key "ill popolo dee 'italia" samachar patra mein ghoshana karate hue kii "kewal fasiwadi sangh hii kranti koo puuraa curr sakate hain."apane praarambhik poonjiwadi virodhi vivaadon mein, rosoni ney daavaa kiya kii poonjeevaad ney" "utpaadan koo protsaahit karane aur vikasit karane key bajaay usey dabaa diyaa aur radd curr diyaa" "aur yeh kii udyogpati" "udaseen, nishkriya aur agyaani they." 1923 kii shuruat taka udyogpati aur karkhane key malik vyaparik samudaay aur poonjeevaad parr fasiwadi sanghvaadiyon key maukhik hamalon seey chintit hoe rahey they, jisase unamen seey kaee logon koo ashcharya huaa kii kyaa "faasivaadiyon seey ladane key liye communists koo bhugtan karna abb buddhimani thee!"jaise-jaise lagaatar hamla jaari rhaa, 1926 taka rosoni apane aaropon mein dridh they joe udyogpatiyon koo" "pishach" "aur" "munafakhor" "key roop mein chitrit karate they. rosoni ney naa kewal badey udyogpatiyon koo unake saamoohik lalach key liye nishana banaaya, balki "chhote dukandaron key aakramak lalach" key khilaf apani aalochanaon parr bhee dhyaan kendrit kiya. kuchh mamalon mein, rossoni key shram samarthak rukh ney marks key "itihas key gatishil kaanoon" kii daarshanik vyakhya key kaaran udyogpatiyon koo chintit curr diyaa, joe unhein karkhanon parr shramikon key niyantran kii sambhavana kaa samarthan karane key liye prerit kartaa haye. unhone tark diyaa kii udyogpatiyon koo apane padon koo sambhaalane kaa vaidh adhikaar haye, lekin kewal taba taka jaba taka kii nae syndicate mein sangathit shramikon koo kamaan sambhaalane key liye aavashyak kshamata mein mahaarat hassil naheen hoe gaee thee." niyoktaon key prati fasiwadi sanghvaadiyon kii shatruta ney 1925 kii shuruat mein ack-party tanashahi kii sthaapana seey pahale aur baad mein musolini key shasson key liye raajneetik pareshaaniyan paida keen. lekin vivaadon key bavjood, rosoni ney 1928 mein istifa dene key liye majboor honey taka apane pada parr baney rahey, shayed unaki lagbhag 30 laakh-majboot sangh sadasyata key darr key kaaran joe rashtriya fasiwadi party kii sadasyata koo bahut paar curr gaee thee. haalaanki itali mein swatantra shramik sanghon kaa rashtriyakaran 3 aprail, 1926 taka alfredo rokko key syndical kaanoonon key tahat naheen kiya gayaa thaa, lekin 1922 taka fasiwadi syndicates samajwadi aur catholic shramik sangathanon key liye ack pramukh bharti pratiyogi bunn gaye they."1920 taka 2,000,000 seey adhik sadasyon kii sadasyata taka pahunchane key baad, swatantra samanya shram parisangh koo 1922 key madhya taka 400,000 sadasyon taka cumm curr diyaa gayaa thaa. anya sanghon ney utanaa hii kharaab pradarshan kiya. 1921 mein "popolari" key catholic syndicates key 12 laakh sadasya they, lekin 1922 key baad key hisse taka, yeh ghatkar 540,000 reh gayaa. phir bhee, rosoni koo musolini key prashaasan mein ack moolyavaan netaa key roop mein maanaa gayaa, joe 1930-1943 aur anya uchch padon seey faasivaad kii bhavya parishad kaa sadasya bunn gayaa. fasiwadi sanghon mein sadasyata mein vriddhi kaa adhikansh hissa 1920 key dashak kii shuruat mein krantikari samajvadiyon dwara netritva kii gaee lambi factory hadtaalon key dauran hui bigadati aarthik sthitiyon seey utpann huaa thaa. kabje vaale karkhanon koo vittiya samasyaon, majdoori kaa bhugtan karane key liye nakadi kii kamee aur utpaadaktaa key star mein girawat kaa saamana karna padaa."jaba karkhane key shramikon ney karkhanon koo chhodana shuru curr diyaa, tou shramikon koo unake kaary kendron parr rakhane key liye" "laal rakshak" "niyukt kiye gaye, kuchh mamalon mein shramikon koo" "hinsa key khatare mein kaam karane key liye majboor kiya gayaa."fasiwadi sangh sangathanon kii safalata mein joe yogdan diyaa vaha fasiwadi party key saath unaki majboot sambaddhata thee, ack aisee neeti jise italvi samajwadi party aur anya shram sanghon dwara naheen apanaaya gayaa thaa. fasiwadi sanghwad key kaee roop they, jinamen adhik madhyam seey laker kattarpanthi taka shamil they. daarshanik yugo spirito adhik kattarpanthi fasiwadi sanghwadi mein seey ack they. vampanthi fasiwadi" key roop mein maane jaane vaale, spirito ney ack loklubhavan prakaar key "nigameekaranvaad" key liye sangharsh kaa samarthan kiya, ack prakaar kaa swaamitva nigam joe "avaanchhaniya aarthik kendrikaran key binaa saamoohik swaamitva" kii visheshataaen pradaan kartaa thaa." rosni key alawa, sergio panunzio aur aeye. oh. olivatti koo "sabse susangat" italvi syndicalist maanaa jaataa thaa jinhen itihaskaron dwara "fasiwadi vaam" key roop mein vargeekrit kiya gayaa haye. unhone faasivaad aur sanghwadi vichardhara koo sansadiya udaarvaad key pratisthaapan key roop mein pahachaana taaki shramikon aur aam logon key hiton koo aage badhaaya jaa sakey aur saath hii "arthavyavastha kaa aadhunikikaran kiya jaa sakey." rosoni key anusaar, nigamon koo utpadakon key beach "aarthik nyaay aur samajik ekjutata" koo badhaava dene key liye sabse achche sansthanon key roop mein dekhaa jaataa thaa. luigi razo, joe ack fasiwadi trade union parisangh (krishi shramikon) kaa netritva karate they, ney socha kii arthavyavastha sangathan fasiwadi shasson key liye sabse mahatvapurna raajneetik tatva kaa pratinidhitva karate hain kyonki way shramikon koo nirnay lene mein gambhir bhoomika pradaan karenge-vishesh roop seey arthavyavastha koo viniyamit karane mein." iss "fasos nigameekaran" key madhyam seey, vaastavik aarthik rashtra key paas khud koo niyantrit karane key saadhan honge kyonki arthshastra aur rajneeti ack abhisaran kii or badh rahey they. rajneeti aur arthshastra kaa yeh ekikaran adhikansh fasiwadi sanghvaadiyon key liye "vaam-fasiwadi avadharana kaa mool" thaa, jinhone faasivaad koo ack raajneetik vichaar aur siddhant key roop mein barkarar rakhaa, lekin ack aarthik pranali key roop mein naheen. fasiwadi raajya kaa kartavya utpaadan aur aarthik gatividhiyon koo anushaasit karna thaa, joe aarthik samoohon aur saamoohik hita key tahat aayojit kii jaati theen, jabaki abb arthavyavastha koo apane dumm parr kaam karane kii anumati naheen dee jaati thee. musolini aur unakaa fasiwadi shasson. musolini vaastavik majdoori mein katauti koo rokane, 40 ghante key saptah koo banaae rakhane aur ack nayaa "shram charter" banaane key apane prayaas mein rosoni key prati uttardaayi rahey they, joe shramikon key adhikaaron kii guaranti key liye fasiwadi shram kaanoon koo puuraa karega, jisake parinamswarup shram key liye aspasht laabh huaa. lekin musolini ateet mein isi tarah key shram samarthak drishtikon mein adhik shaktishali rhaa thaa. 1919 mein dalmini mein "franchisee ee gregarini" dhaatu vigyaan sanyantra mein "union italiana dell lavoro" (yuu. aaee. ell.) hadtaal mein, unhone karkhanon parr shramikon key kabje kaa samarthan kiya. unhein "rachanaatmak hadtaal" bataate hue, musolini ney jore dekar kahaa kii shramikon koo karkhane key maalikon key saath "samaantaa" kaa adhikaar haye, aur ise praapt karane key liye hadtaal mein shamil honey kaa adhikaar haye. unaki mukhya chetavani yeh thee kii hadtaal seey utpaadan baadhit naheen honah chaahiye, aur shramik utpaadan prakriya mein samaan roop seey bhaag lene kii ichcha aur hadtaal key anusaran mein daayitvon kaa nirvahan karane kii kshamata donon koo darshaate hain. varg sahyog koo banaae rakhane key liye musolini kii aadhikarik neeti key bavjood, itali mein "vampanthi nigamitvaadi" varg key matbhedon koo apariharya maanate rahey, yeh maanate hue kii yadi nigamon koo vaastav mein shramikon koo shamil karna haye tou varg-adharit sangathan aavashyak hain. musolini ney ack aur disha mein aage badhane kaa faisala kiya thaa, 1917 key anta taka yeh nishkarsh nikala thaa kii roodhivaadi markswad audyogik roop seey pichhade deshon mein krantikariyon key liye kaafee hudd taka aprasangik thaa. musolini aur fasiwadi buddhijiviyon ney tark diyaa kii yadi burjua varg apane aitihaasik daayitvon koo puuraa naheen curr sakata aur kissy rashtra key udyog key buniyaadi dhaanche koo aage naheen badhaa sakata haye, tou iss kaary koo lokpriya janata aur kuleen agraduton key liye chhod denaa hoga, jisake liye varg sahyog key liye pratibaddhata kii aavashyakta hogi taaki sarvahara varg aur burjua utpadakon key madhyam seey samudaay kii utpaadak kshamata kii seva kii jaa sakey. musolini ney vargon key beach iss sahyog koo ack nae loktantra key roop mein varnit kiya-"utpaadak vargon kaa ack samajhdaar aur imandar shasson."varg sangharsh key prati musolini kaa virodh markswadi sudharakon aur samajik loktantravadiyon kii ack purani bhavna koo pratidhwanit kartaa haye, jisamen edward bernstein bhee shamil hain, jinhone kahaa kii" samajvadiyon koo varg sangharsh aur kranti key bajaay sahyog aur vikas parr jore dene kii aavashyakta haye." kuchh logon kaa tark haye kii "musolini kaa door-vaam sindikalwad" gabriel dee 'annunjo key door-daraaz raashtravaad key saath vilay hoe gayaa thaa, jisase 1922 taka faasivaad kaa ack nayaa sanshodhan huaa thaa. anya logon kaa kahana haye kii 1921 key anta taka, musolini ney trade unionvaad kaa samarthan karane kii vampanthi parampara key prati wafadar honey key roop mein apani pratishtha banaae rakhane key prayaas mein italvi fasiyon kaa naam badalkar "fasiwadi laber party" karna pasand kiya, khaskar aggar vaha aur unake fasiwadi netaa shram key samanya parisangh (see. jee. ell.) kaa samarthan jeet sakate they. musolini ney teesari fasiwadi congress (navambar) mein samajvadiyon key saath apane prastaavit shram gathbandhan koo chhod diyaa. 7-10,1921) krantikari samajvadiyon aur shramik sanghon kii shakti koo cumm karane kaa prayaas karane vaale hinsak dastakaari milicia koo khush karane key liye sulah key tareeke seey. phir bhee, 1934 taka, musolini ney apani kaee bajar-paripakvata sthitiyon koo ulatana shuru curr diyaa aur daavaa kiya kii unhone italvi arthavyavastha kaa teen-chauthai hissa "raajya key haathon" mein dey diyaa haye. udyog koo bhaari rinn dene vaale pramukh bainkon koo 1930 key dashak kii shuruat mein bachaaya jaanaa thaa, jaisa kii kaee badee audyogik companiyon koo karna padaa thaa. dou naee raajya-sanchaalit holding companiyon, italvi audyogik vitt sansthaan (istituto mobilier italiano; imee) aur audyogik punarnirmaan sansthaan (istituto parr laa recostruzion industrial; iri) kii sthaapana whiffle farmon koo raahat dene aur nae audyogik nivesh key liye poonji pradaan karane key liye kii gaee thee; unhone prashikshit prabandhak aur prabhaavi vittiya paryavekshan bhee pradaan kiya. iss prakaar itali ney ack vishal, raajya key netritva vaale audyogik kshetra kaa adhigrahan kiya, joe banking, ispat, shipping, hathiyaron aur panbijali kii aapoorti mein vishesh roop seey mahatvapurna thaa. haalaanki, inn companiyon kaa rashtriyakaran naheen kiya gayaa thaa. isake bajaay, way bajar mein niji companiyon key roop mein kaam karate they aur phir bhee unake kaee niji sharedharak they. 1943 mein naazi key liye kathputali sarkaar key roop mein uttari itali mein seemit honey key baad, musolini ney italvi samajik ganarajya key tahat "samajikaran" koo badhaava diyaa. 1944 kii shuruat mein, musolini key "samajikaran kaanoon" ney udyog key rashtriyakaran kaa ahwan kiya joe ack aisee neeti kaa anusaran karega jisamen "shramikon koo karkhane aur vyavasaay prabandhan mein bhaag lena thaa."

faasist syndicalism faasist syndicalism (rashtriya sindikalisange sambandhiside) ondu vyapara syndicate chalavaliyagiddu ("syndicot" endare frenchnalli kaarmika sangha) idu eradane mahayuddhada purvada kraantikaari syndicalism chalavaliya mooladinda horahommitu, idannu hechchaagi edmondo rosoni, sergio panunjio, aa. oo. syndicalismna 'metafician' endu pariganisalpatta georges goralna prabhaavada adiyalli alivetti, mitchel bianchi, alceste dii ambris, pavolo orano, massimo rakka mattu guido pighetti. faasist sindikalistgalu fascismna itara roopagaliginta bhinnaraagiddaru, ekendare avaru samanyavagi varga horata, kaarmika-niyantrita kaarkhaanegalu mattu kaigarikodyamigala bagegina hagetanavannu olavu toridaru, idu itihaasakaararannu "bala fasistgalinda aamulaagravaagi bhinnaraagidda" "edapantheeya faasist aadarshavaadigalu" endu chithrisalu prerepisitu."samanyavagi italiya hecchu amulagra faasist sindikalistgalalli obbarendu pariganisalpatta rosoni" "faasist syndicalismna pramukha pratipaadaka" "ragiddaru"., mattu "varga horata" dondige rashtriyateyannu tumbalu prayatnisidaru. kraantikaari sindikalisamninda rashtriya syndicalism. kelavomme kraantikaari syndicalismna "pitamaha" athawa kanishta "french sindikalistgalalli pramukha vyakti" endu pariganisalaaguva georges gorl, samsadaru spashtavagi samajavadigalagiddaroo saha, samsadeeya pakshagalu mattu raajakeeyada bhrashta prabhavagalannu edurisalu ugragami kaarmika sanghavaadavannu bembalisidaru. 1920rahra dashakada aarambhadalli lenin, bolshevism mattu musolinigalannu ekakaaladalli bembalisida french markswadi, varnashramada kaaranavannu varga horaatadalli uttejisida mattu samajika puranagala moolaka udbhavisuva "vinashakari dhruvikarana" vannu uttejisida. syndicalismna uddeshavu bandavaalashahiyannu nirmoolane maadalu mushkaragalannu ayojisuvudagittu; adannu raajya samaajavaadadondige badalisuvudalla, badalige kaarmika vargada utpaadakara samajavannu nirmisuvudaagittu. ee gayavu "nijavaada" maarksvaadavendu pariganitavagide. 1908rahra tanna pustaka "reflections aun himse" yalli, himsaatmaka dangegalli kaarmikarannu sanghatisuva prayatnavagi, himsaachaarada krutyagala bagge nachikepadadante karmikara manavolisuva prayatnavagi mattu avaru "rajakiya, ganarajya mattu deshabhaktiya" bagge apahasya maadabeku endu "syndicate" galannu samarthane maadidaru. ee kurian arthadalli, markswadi varga horatakke sambandhisida himsaachaaravannu uttama, veerochita mattu "nagarikateya anaadikaalada hitasaktiya" seveyendu vyaakhyaanisabahudu. aneka european samaajavaadigalu kraantikaari sindikalistgala shreniyannu seridaru, benito musolini seridante, avaru 1904 rahra velege kraantikaari sindikalisange baliyaagiddaarendu helikondaru, idu saamaanya mushkarada samayadalli sambhaviside endu ullekhisidaru, aadaroo avaru modalu syndicalisamnalli todagisikondiddaru. 1909rahra hottige, samajavadi samsadara raaji nitigalu, prajasattatmaka samaajavaadada kadege saagida chaluvali mattu "agaadha arthika prayojanagala chamatkara" dinda aakarshitaraada kaarmika vargada avanatiya bagge asamaadhaanagondaru. goral avara abhiprayadalli, kaarmikavargavu kraantikaari badalaavaneya avara nirikshegalige athawa marksna "bhavya mahakavya" dha kanasugalige pratikriyisuttirallil. marksvadada ee marumoulyamaapanavu "samaajavaadavu sattuhogide" emba benedetto crossna sutravannu alavadisikollalu goralge kaaranavaayitu."ee avadhiyalli, samaajavaadada bagge goral avara aneka tikegalu mattu barahagalu" "marksvadada aalavaada bikkattige" "pratikriyeyagiddavu".allie aata, antonio labriola avara prakara, adannu utsaahadinda vivarisuttaane mattu ee bikkattannu samaajavaadada bikkattaagi parivartisuttaane." marxismna samagrate mattu bouddhikateyu koleyuttittu, mattu "veerochita karmikavarga" vu astitvadallillavendu athawa "burjuwa vargadanteye upayuktateyinda hecchu bhrashtavagide" endu torisalaagide."goral prakara, prajasattatmaka-ganarajya sarkaaragala shaktiyu kaarmika vargada kraantikaari upakramavannu durbalagolisuttittu, idu raashtriyate seridante itara paryayagalannu hudukuvante maaditu, aadare yaavude rajaprabhutvavilla. samaajavaadada ee bikkattannu pariharisuva saluvaagi, goral moolabhootavaada rashtriyateyannu olagondiruva prajaprabhutva virodhi samaajavaadada kadege tirugidaru, aadare innoo karmikara malikatvada kaarkhaanegala bembalavannu hididittukondiddaru, aadare adara "bhautikavaadi mattu tarkabaddha moolatatva" dinda berpatta dharmadrohi marksvadada adiyalli. sindikalistgalu, italyalli kraantikaari syndicalismna prabhavashali niyatakaalikavaada enrico leone avara "ill devenire soshiyal" nalli ondu lekhanavannu prakatisida gorl, nantara charles mourrous avarinda "aanti parlimentary socialist" emba shirshikeya "ell 'auction franchise" nalli marumudranagonditu mattu adara prachaaravannu maaditu. raashtriyate mattu syndicalism kadege saagida modala vyakti goralu alla. alla 1910rahra avadhiyalli italian kraantikaari sindikalistgala ondu cader italian rashtriyateyannu sindikalisamnondige samyojisuva guriyannu praarambhisittu. avaru nantara "faasist chalavaliya sthaapakaraadaru" mattu musolinia aadalitadalli "pramukha sthaanagalannu alankarisidaru". samanyavagi, italian syndicalism antimavagi modalaneya mahayuddhada samayadalli mattu 1918rahra kadanaviramada nantarada tingalugalli rashtriya sindikalisange oggooditu. french samaajavaadavu "prajaasattaatmakate" yatteyatta tanna dhavantadalli yaavude hintiruguvikeya haadiyannu talupada bagge ibbaroo kalavalagondiddaru, idu asadharana samajika prajaprabhutva chalavaliyagi oggooditu emba kaaranakke maurras avaru goralna bembalavannu svaagatisidaru. mouraagalige, samaajavaadada shuddhateyu prajaprabhutvada pralobhaneyinda serehidiyalpaduvudannu tappisabekaayitu, "prajaprabhutva mattu sarvadeshiya amshadinda muktavaada samaajavaadavu rashtriyatege sarihonduttade mattu chennagi tayaarisida kaigavasu sundaravaada kaigavasuge sarihonduttade" endu ghoshisitu."aadare ee avadhiyalli aneka european samaajavaadigalige antaha aalochanegalu asaamaanyavaagiralilla, udaaharanege phillip buchez mattu furdinand lasalle avaru" "prajaprabhutvavannu tiraskarisidaru mattu rashtravannu unnatikarisidaru"."prajaprabhutvada bagegina avana dveshadindaagi, goral mattu sindikalistgalu rajakiya pakshagalu mattu prajaprabhutva samsthegalannu mattu" "kaarmika vargada marxist sarvadhikara" "vannu tiraskarisidaru, aadare prajaprabhutva mattu chunavanegala bagge carle marksna virodhakke baddharaagi ulidaru". ee hinde, 1848rahra kraantiyalli tanna kraantikaari chatuvatikegalu "prajaprabhutvada viruddhada yuddhada yojaneyashte horatu berenu alla" endu marks oppikondiddanu." maarksvaadavannu ulisuva prayatnadalli, goral janapriyate mattu rashtriyateya samshleshaneya kadege aakarshitaraadaru, adhu "yehudya-virodhada atyanta kroora" dannoo olagondittu. ee hottige, goral mattu itara sindikalistgalu kaarmikavargada himsaachaaravu parinamakariyalla endu tirmaanisidaru, ekendare "kaarmikavargavu tanna kraantikaari patravannu puraisalu asamarthavagittu", idu rashtra-rajyavannu kaarmika aadhaarita samajavannu sthaapisuva atyuttama maargavaagi nodalu anekarannu manavolisitu, idu nantara kaarmika rashtriyateya faasist parikalpanege kaaranavaayitu. aneka kraantikaari sindikalistgalu, sindikalistgalu mourraagalannu shlaaghisida nantara mattu french avibhajya rashtriyateya bagge tamma sahaanubhootiyannu pradarshisida nantara, moolabhoota rashtriyateya akarshaneya kadege avara goral mattu kurian samaajavaadavannu anusarisidaru. charles maurras mandisida manaviu, burjuwa prajaprabhutva, gnanodaya mattu "adara udaaravaada, adara vaiyaktikate mattu vyaktigala samoohavaagi samajada parikalpaneya viruddhada avara raashtriyataavaadi vidhaanavaagittu."ee pravruttiyu munduvariyitu mattu 1911rahra hottige, kraantikaari sindikalistgalu eradu pramukha virodhi rajakiya pravaahagalu oggoodive endu oppikondiddaru, idu hosa raashtriyate mattu kraantikaari samaajavaadavannu roopisitu."ee oggattu antimavagi italian fascismna ondu pramukha amshavaagi horahommitu, allie musolini swatah oppikondanuh" "naanu enu, naanu noyalu baddhanagiddene"."fascismna pramukha tagnarendu pariganisalpatta isreli itihaasakaara jheev sternhell, deshapremadillada rashtriyateyondige syndicalismna ee ekikaranavu "italian kraantikaari syndicalism faasist siddhaantada bennelubaagalu kaaranavaayitu" endu pratipaadisidaru." faasist syndicalism mattu utpaadakate. 1920rahra dashakada aarambhadalli "faasist syndicalism rashtriya mattu utpaadakavaagide" endu heluttaa, phasism emba padavannu sindikalisamnondige taruvavaralli musolini modaligaraagiddaru... rashtriya samajadalli, shramavu santoshada vishayavaguttade, hemmeya vishayavaguttade mattu kuleenarige birudu niiduttade."hecchina italian sindikalistgalu samajika kraantiyannu" "unnata utpaadakateyannu" "odagisalu tvarita parivartaneya sadhanavagi nodidaru mattu ee arthika samruddhiyu sambhavisalu viphalavaadare, yaavude arthapurna samajika badalaavane untaguvudilla". utpaadakate" yaya pramukhyatege sindikalistgalu needida ottu moolatah 1907 ralli surulninda praarambhavaayitu, avaru "arthika saamarthyavannu [galisida] utpaadakara kaarmikavargada kraantiyendu marks pariganisuttaare" endu vaadisidaru."carlo kephero italian bhasheyalli bandavaalada arambhika pramanakkagi ondu sangrahavannu abhivraddhipadisidaaga," "kaarmika vargada vimochanege agatyavaada vastu paristhitigalu" "bandavalashahiya abhivraddhiyinda (" "denne gyang derr capitalistischen production" ") svabhavikavagi srushtiyagabeku endu marks tanna sahodyogige nenapisidaru"." rashyaada antaryuddhada muktaya mattu yuddha kamyunisamninda parivartaneya nantara faasist sindikalistgalalli utpaadakateya siddhaantakke bembalavu vistarisitu, hecchina nirudyoga mattu "hecchina giranigalu mattu kaarkhaanegalu sthagitagondidda vatavaranavannu torisitu; ganigalu mattu kalliddalu kaarkhaanegalu naashavaagi pravaahakke olagaadavu." hosa arthika nitiyannu (enn. ii. pii.) parichayisida nantara, italian sindikalistgalu saampradaayika maarksvaadadinda mattashtu doora sariyuvudannu munduvaresidaru, badalaaguttiruva kaalakke sarihonduvante adannu parishkarisalu mattu adara kaaryatantrada gurigalannu uttejisalu nirdharisidaru. aarthikavaagi hindulida parisaradalli samajika kraantiyannu sthaapisuva prayatnada apayagala bagge bagge engels needida echcharikeyannu palisuvalli rashyaada bolshevikgalu viphalaraagiddaare endu avaru vaadisidaru. ee chalane soviyat rashyaada arthika asvasthatege halavu varshagala modalu horahommittu, idu hecchina italian sindikalistgalannu "avaru saampradaayika marksvadadalli kandukondiddaare endu" avaru nambidda doshagalu mattu nyoonategalannu meeralu prerepisitu."nera kramada moolaka utpadana sadhanagala mele karmikara niyantranavannu taralu abhivraddhipadisida syndicalismna buddhijeevigalu, italiya praachina aarthikateyu samajakke samanate athawa samruddhiyannu odagisuvudilla endu aritukondaru. burjuwa abhivraddhigolisida proudha udyamavillade, yashasvi samajika kraantige "vargarahita" kraantikaarigala bembalada agatyavide endu avaru arthamaadikondaru. musolini, italian sindikalistgalu, raashtriyavaadigalu mattu bhavishyadavarondige, aaa kraantikaarigalu fyaasistgalaagiruttaare, maarksvaadigalu athawa bere yavudo siddhaantagalalla endu vaadisidaru. musolini mattu itara syndicalist siddhaantavaadigala prakara, phasism "kaarmika rashtragala samaajavaada" vagiruttade.'" faasist sindikalistgalu saha maruvitaraneya arthika rachaneyannu sthaapisuva badalu utpaadaneyannu hechchisuva kalpaneyalli nirataraadaru. italian phasism mattu syndicalismna pramukha siddhantakararada sergio panunzio, sindikalistgalu vitarakara badalige nirmapakaragiddare endu nambiddaru. bolshevikgalu tamma aarthikateyannu nibhaayisuttiruvudannu tikisutta, rashyaada soviyat raajyavu kaarmika vargada mele "sarvadhikara" vaagi maarpattide, aadare kaarmika vargada mele alla endu panunjio pratipaadisidaru." rosoni mattu faasist sindikalistgalu. 1922rahra decembernalli rosoni avarannu faasist syndical kaarporeshangala saamaanya okkootada pradhana karyadarshiyagi ayke madidaga, itara italian sindikalistgalu "rajakiya ranchanegalannu nirmisuva mattu marusanghatisuva" tamma guriyalli "faasist syndicalism" emba catchfrace annu drudhikarisalu praarambhisidaru... raajya mattu shramada samshleshaneya moolaka."rosoni mattu avara faasist syndicalist cader annu shighradalle" "amulagra athawa edapantheeya amshagalu" "endu pariganisalaayitu, avaru" "karmikara arthika hitasaktigalannu rakshisalu mattu avara varga pragneyannu kaapaadalu prayatnisidaru"."rosoni" "aarthikateyalli saamuhika hitasaktiyannu" "nirmisalu prayatnisidaru, idu udyogadatarige faasist shistuge olapattiruttade mattu kaarmikarige arthika nirdhaaragalannu tegedukollalu hecchu gananeeya patravannu odagisuttade". faasist rajyada moolabhoota kraantikaari dikkannu nigadipadisuva prayatnadalli, rosoni faasist syndicalism munchooniyallirabeku endu vaadisidaru, musolinia "ill popolo dii 'italia" patrikeyalli "faasist sindiketgalu maatra kraantiyannu poornagolisabahudu" endu ghoshisidaru."bandavalashahi virodhi vivaadagalalli, rosoni, bandavalashahi" "utpaadaneyannu uttejisuva mattu abhivraddhipadisuva badalu adannu nigrahisitu mattu raddugolisitu" "mattu kaigarikodyamigalu" "udaseena, nishkriya mattu agnaaniyaagiddaru" "endu heliddaare"." 1923rahra aarambhada velege, udyamigalu mattu karkhaneya malikaru faasist sindikalistgalu vyapara samudaaya mattu bandavalashahiya mele nadesida maatina daaligalinda gabarigondiddaru, idu avaralli anekarannu "faasistgala viruddha horaadalu kamyunistgalige hana niiduvudu eega buddhivantikeye!" endu aashcharyapaduvante maaditu."nirantara daali munduvaredante, 1926rahra hottige rosoni kaigarikodyamigalannu" "raktapishaachigalu" "mattu" "laabharahitaru" "endu chithrisida tanna aaropagalalli achalanagiddanu". rosoni dodda kaigarikodyamigala saamuhika duraashegaagi avarannu guriyagisikondiddalle, "sanna angadiyavara akramanakari durase" yaya viruddha tamma tikegalannu kendrikarisidaru. kelavu sandarbhagalalli, rosoni avara kaarmika-para niluvugalu, kaarkhaanegala mele karmikara niyantranada sambhaavyateyannu bembalisalu kaaranavaada marksna "dynamic laa off history" yaya daarshanika vyakhyanadindagi kaigarikodyamigalannu chintegeedumaadidavu. kaigarikodyamigalige tamma sthaanagalannu vahisikolluva nyaayasammata hakkide, aadare "hosa sindiketgalaagi sanghatisalpatta kaarmikaru, adhikaaravannu tegedukollalu agatyavaada saamarthyavannu karagata maadikolluvavarege maatra" endu avaru vaadisidaru." udyogadatara bagegina faasist sindikalistgala hagetanavu 1925rahra aarambhadalli eka-paksha sarvaadhikaaravannu sthaapisuva modalu mattu nantara musolinia aadalitakke rajakiya tondaregalannu untumaaditu. aadare vivaadagala horataagiyoo, rosoni avaru avaru rajiname niiduvavarege tamma sthaanavannu ulisikondaru, bahushah rashtriya faasist pakshada sadasyatvavannu meerisida avara sumaru 3 dasalaksha-balavaada okkootada sadasyatvada bhayadindaagi. 1926rahra april april, alfredo roco avara syndical kaanunugala adiyalli, italiyallina swatantra kaarmika sanghagalannu rashtrikaranagolisadiddaru, 1922rahra velege faasist sindiketgalu samajavadi mattu catholic kaarmika samsthegalige pramukha nemakati spardhiyaagi spardhiyaagi velege aii. dii. 1 sadasyatvada garishta mattakke talupida nantara, swatantra kaarmika okkootavu 1922rahra madhyada velege 4,00,000 sadasyarige iliyitu. itara okkootagalu ashte kalapeyagiddavu. kalapeyagiddavu "popolari" yaya catholic sindiketgalu 12 laksha sadasyarannu hondiddavu, aadare 1922rahra nantarada bhagada velege adhu adhu iliyitu. aadaagyoo, rosoni avarannu musolinia aadalitadalli amoolya naayakanendu pariganisalaayitu, avaru avaru mattu itara unnata sthaanagalinda fascismna mahaa mandaliya sadasyaraadaru. faasist sindiketgala sadasyatvavu hechchagiddudu 1920rahra dashakada aarambhadalli kraantikaari samaajavaadigala netrutvadalli nadeda sudirgha karkhane mushkaragala samayadalli untaada hadageduttiruva arthika paristhitigalinda untaagide. aakramita kaarkhaanegalu arthika samasyegalannu, vetanavannu pavatisalu hanada korate mattu utpaadakateya mattadallina kusitavannu anubhavisidavu."karkhaneya kaarmikaru kaarkhaanegalannu tyajisalu prarambhisidaga, kaarmikarannu avara kelasada kendragalalli irisikollalu" "kempu kaavalugaararannu" "nemisalaayitu, kelavu sandarbhagalalli kaarmikarannu" "himsaachaarada bedarikeyadiyalli kelasa maaduvante ottaayisalaayitu"."faasist okkootada samsthegala yashassige koduge needida amshavendare faasist pakshadondigina avara balavaada sambandha, ee nitiyannu italian samajavadi paksha mattu itara kaarmika okkootagalu kaigettikollalilla. faasist syndicalismna halavaaru roopaantaragaliddavu, avu hecchu madhyamadinda tivragaamigalavarege iddavu. atyanta amulagra faasist sindikalistgalalli obbaraada tatvagnaani ugo spirito. eda faasist" endu pariganisalpattiruva spirito, "anapekshita arthika kendrikaranavillade saamuhika malikatvada" vaishishtyagalannu odagisida ondu reetiya svaamyada nigamavaada "corporate" dha janapriya reetiya horaatavannu bembalisitu." rosoni jotege, sergio panunzio mattu aa. oo. itihaasakaararu aalivettiyannu "atyanta susambaddha" italian sindikalistgalendu pariganisiddu, avarannu "faasist eda" endu vargeekarisiddaare. avaru phasism mattu syndicalist siddhaantavannu samsadeeya udaaravaadada paryayavendu gurutisidaru, idarindaagi kaarmikaru mattu saamaanya janara hitasaktigalannu munnadesalu mattu "aarthikateyannu aadhuneekarisalu"." rosonige, nigamagalannu nirmaapakaralli "arthika nyaya mattu samajika oggattu" yannu uttejisuva atyuttama samsthegalendu pariganisalaagittu. faasist kaarmika okkootagala okkootagala (krishi kaarmikaru) mukhyastharaagidda luyigi rajo, arthika samsthegalu faasist aadalitakke atyanta pramukha rajakiya amshavannu pratinidhisuttave endu bhavisidaru ekendare avu kaarmikarige nirdhara tegedukolluvalli-visheshavaagi aarthikateyannu niyantrisuvalli gambhira patravannu odagisuttave." ee "phasos corporate vaada" dha moolaka, arthashaastra mattu raajakeeyavu oggooduvikege hattiravaguttiddante nijavaada arthika raashtravu tannannu taanu niyantrisikolluva vidhaanagalannu hondiruttade. rajakiya mattu arthashaastrada ee ekikaranavu hecchina faasist sindikalistgalige "eda-faasist parikalpaneya kendrabinduvagittu", avaru phasism annu rajakiya kalpane mattu tatvavagi ettihididaru, aadare arthika vyavastheyagi alla. faasist rajyada kartavyavu arthika gumpugalu mattu saamuhika hitasaktiya adiyalli aayojisalaada utpaadane mattu arthika chatuvatikegalannu shistugolisuvudu, aadare aarthikateyu tannade aada mele kaaryanirvahisalu avakasha niiduvudilla. musolini mattu avana faasist aadalita. nijavaada vetana kaditavannu nillisuva, 40 gantegala vaaravannu nirvahisuva mattu karmikara hakkugalannu khataripadisuva faasist kaarmika shaasanavannu poornagolisuva hosa "charter off laber" annu rachisuva prayatnadalli mussolini rosonige pratikriyisuttiddaru, idu kaarmikarige aspashta laabhagalige kaaranavaayitu. aadare musolini ee hinde idhe reetiya kaarmika-paravaada vidhaanagalalli hecchu balashaaliyaagiddaru. balashaaliyaagiddaru daalchinninalliruva franchai ii gregorini lohashaastrada ghatakadalli nadeda union italiana dell lavoro (iul) mushkaradalli, avaru kaarkhaanegala karmikara udyogavannu bembalisidaru. avugalannu "srujanasheela mushkaragalu" endu kareda musolini, karkhaneya malikarondige "samanate" hondalu mattu adannu sadhisalu muskaragalalli todagisikollalu kaarmikarige hakkide endu ottayisidaru. mushkaravu utpaadanege addipadisabaaradu mattu kaarmikaru utpadana prakriyeyalli samanavagi bhagavahisuva ichche mattu mushkarada anveshaneyalli javaabdaarigalannu nirvahisuva samarthya eradannoo torisuttaare embudu avara mukhya echcharikeyaagittu. varga sahayogavannu ettihidiyuva musolinia adhikruta neetiya horataagiyoo, italiyallina "eda kaarporetvaadigalu" varga vyatyaasagalannu anivaaryavendu pariganisuvudannu munduvaresidaru, nigamagalu kaarmikarannu pramanikavagi todagisikondare varga aadhaarita samsthegalu atyagatyavendu nambiddaru. 1917rahra antyada velege, saampradaayika maarksvaadavu kaigaarikavaagi hindulida rashtragalallina kraantikaarigalige bahumattige aprastutavagide endu tirmanisi, musolini mattondu dikkinalli sagalu nirdharisiddaru. musolini mattu faasist buddhijeevigalu, ondu vele burjuwa vargavu tamma aitihaasika javaabdaarigalannu puraisalu mattu raashtrada kaigarika moolasoukaryavannu munnadesalu saadhyavaagadiddare, aaa kaaryavannu janapriya janasaamaanyaru mattu ganyara munchooniyavarige vargaayisabekaagittu, idu karmikavarga mattu burjuwa vargada utpaadakara moolaka samudaayada utpaadaka saamarthyavannu puraisalu vargada sahayogakke baddhateya agatyaviruttade endu vaadisidaru. musolini vargagala naduvina ee sahayogavannu hosa prajaprabhutva-"utpaadaka vargagala vivekayuta mattu pramanika aadalita" endu bannisidaru."varga horatakke musolinia virodhavu markswadi sudharakaru mattu samajika prajaprabhutvavadigala hindina bhavaneyannu pratidhvanisitu, idaralli edward bernstein kooda seriddaru, avaru" "samaajavaadigalu varga sangharsha mattu kraantiginta sahakara mattu vikasakke ottu needuva agatyavide" "endu samarthisikondaru"." musolinia teevra-eda syndicalism" gabriyal dii 'annunjoda teevra-bala rashtriyateyondige vileenagonditu endu kelavaru vadisuttare, 1922 rahra velege fascismna hosa parishkaraneyannu huttuhaakitu. itararu 1921 rahra antyadavarege, musolini italian phaasesgalannu "faasist laber party" endu marunamakarana maadalu aadyate niididaru, visheshavaagi avaru mattu avara faasist nayakaru kaarmika okkootada saamaanya okkootada (cgl) bembalavannu gellalu sadhyavadare, kaarmika sanghavaadavannu bembalisuva edapantheeya sampradaayakke nishtaraagiruttaare emba tanna khyatiyannu ulisikolluva prayatnadalli. musolini moorane faasist kangresnalli (november. 7-10,1921) kraantikaari samaajavaadigalu mattu kaarmika sanghagala adhikaaravannu motakugolisalu prayatnisida himsaatmaka squadrist militiyagalannu samaadhaanapadisalu sandhaanada reetiyalli. aadaagyoo, 1934rahra hottige, musolini tanna aneka marukatte-proudhateya sthaanagalannu badalaayisalu praarambhisidanu mattu taanu italian aarthikateya nalkane mooru bhagavannu "rajyada kaiyalli" ittiddene endu hemmepaduttiddanu. udyamakke hecchina saala needida pramukha byankugalannu 1930rahra dashakada aarambhadalli rakshisabekaayitu, haageye aneka dodda kaigarika kampanigalannoo rakshisabekaayitu. eradu hosa sarkari svaamyada hiduvali kampanigalaada italian kaigarika hanakasu samsthe (istituto mobiliare italiano; imi) mattu kaigarika punarnirmana samsthe (istituto purr laa recostrugion industrial; airi) galannu viphalavaada samsthegalige sahaaya maadalu mattu hosa kaigarika hoodikege bandavaalavannu odagisalu sthaapisalaayitu; avaru tarabeti padeda vyavasthaapakaru mattu parinamakari hanakasu melvichaaraneyannu saha odagisidaru. heege itali ondu brihat, raajya-netrutvada kaigarika valayavannu swadhinapadisikonditu, idu banking, ukku, hadagu, shastraastragalu mattu jalavidyut pooraikeyalli visheshavaagi mahatvaddagittu. aadaagyoo, ee samsthegalannu rashtrikaranagolisalagalli. badalige, avaru marukatteyalli khasagi kampanigalaagi kaaryanirvahisidaru mattu innoo aneka khasagi sherudaararannu hondiddaru. hondiddaru uttara italyalli najigala kaigombe sarkaravagi simitagonda nantara, musolini italian samajika ganarajyada adiyalli "samajikarana" vannu uttejisidaru. 1944rahra aarambhadalli, musolinia "samajikarana kaanoonu" yuu "kaarmikaru karkhane mattu vevahaara nirvahaneyalli bhagavahisuva" nitiyannu anusarisuva udyamada rashtrikaranakke karey needitu."

facist syndicalvad facist syndicalvad (rashtriy sindikalvadashi sambandhit) hii eka vyapar syndicate chalval hotee ('syndicate' mhanje frenchmadhye kamgar sanghatana) jee dusya mahayuddhapurvichya krantikari syndicalvad chalvalipasun udayas aalee, jyache netrutva mukhytah edmondo rosoni, sergio panunzio, aii. oo. alivhatti, michel biyanchi, alceste dii embris, paolo orano, masimo rokka aanee guido pigeti, georges vranachya prabhavakhali, jyanna syndicalismache 'tattvamimansa' manale jaat asey. facist syndicalist facismchya itar prakaranpeksha vegale hote kaaran teey samanyatah varg sangharsh, kamgar-niyantrit karkhane aanee udhyogpatinprati shatrutvala anukool hote, jyamule itihaskar tyanna "davya facist aadarshavadi" mhanoon chitrit karatat jeey "ujavya facistpecsha purnapane vegale hote."samanyatah italitil adhik kattarpanthi facist syndicalistapaiki eka manale jaanare rosoni heey" "facist syndicalismache pramukh pratipadak" "hote"., aanee 'varg sangharsh' karoon rashtravadacha prasar karnyacha prayatna keela. rashtriy sindikalvadakade krantikari syndicalvad. kadhikadhi krantikari sanghvadache 'janak' kinwa kiman 'french sanghvadhyanmadhil aaghadichi vyakti' mhanoon ganalya jaananya georges goral yanni jaree aamdar spashtapane samajvadi asale tarihi sansadiy paksh aanee rajkaranachya bhrasht prabhavancha samna karnyasathi dahashatvadi kamgar sanghatanela pathimba deela. 1920 chya dashakachya suruvatila ekach velee lenin, bolshevism aanee musolini yanna pathimba denara eka french marksvadi mhanoon, goralane varg sangharshatil sarvharachya karanala aanee samanya sampanchya samajik mithak-nirmitidvare udbhavananya "vinashkari dhruvikaranala" protsahan dile. bhandavalshahiche uchchatan karnyasathi sump aayojit karane haah sanghvadacha hetu hota; rajya samajvadasah tyachi jaaga ghene navhe tarr kamgar-varg utpadakancha samaj tayar karane. haah vran 'kharokhar kharaa' marksvad manla jaato. 1908 saalee lihilelya 'reflections aun hins' yaa tyanchya pustakat, hinsak uthavatil kamgaranna sanghatit karnyacha, kamgaranna hinsacharachya krutyanchi laaj vatoo naye asey patvoon denyacha aanee tyanni 'rajkaran, prajasattak aanee deshbhakti' chaa tiraskar keela pahije, asey sanganare 'syndicates' chey samarthan kele aahe. yaa shabdasha arthane, marksvadi varg sangharshashi sambandhit hinsacharacha arth, uttam, veer aanee "sanskratichya anadi hitasathi" seva mhanoon lavala jaau shakato. anek european samajvadi krantikari syndicalistchya shreneet sameel jhaale, jyat benito musolinicha samavesh hota, jyane dawa keela qee too 1904 paryant krantikari sindikalvadala balee padala hota, jaree too purvi sindikalvadat sameel hota, tarihi too samanya sampadarmyan jhaala hota. 1909 paryant, samajvadi khasdaranchi tadjod karnari dhorane, lokshahi samajvadachya dishene chalanari chalval aanee "prachand aarthik fayadhyanchya miraj" neey mohit jhalelya sarvharachya hasamule santapt nirash jhaale. goralchya matey, sarvahara varg tyachya krantikari badalachya apekshanna kinwa markschya "bhavya mahakavyachya" swapnanna pratisad dett navhata. marksvadachya yaa punarmulyankanamule, 'samajvad melah aahe', assa benedetto krosacha sutravad swikaranyas vral prerit jhaala."yaa kalat, samajvadabaddalchya vharalchya anek teeka aanee lekhan heey marksvadachya sakhol sankatala pratisad mhanoon hote.antonio labriola yanchya matey, jithe teey utsahane tyacha khulasa karatat aanee yaa "sankatache samajvadachya sankatat rupantar karatat." marksvadachi sachoti aanee bauddhikta ksheen hott hotee aanee 'veer sarvahara' ektar astitvat nasalyache kinwa 'burjuva vargaitkach upayogitavadane bhrasht asalyache disun aale."goralchya matey, lokshahi-republican sarkaranchi shakti kamgar vargachya krantikari pudhakarala qamee karat hotee, jyamule tyanna rashtravadasaha itar paryay shodhanyas bhag padale gele, parantu konatyahi rajeshahivadapasun vanchit. samajvadache heey sankat sodavanyasathi, goral eka lokshahivirodhi samajvadakade valale jyat eka kattarpanthi rashtravad samavisht aahe, tarihi kamgaranchya malkichya karkhanyanna tyancha pathimba kayam aahe, parantu eka vidharmi marksvadachya antargat tyache "bhautikvadi aanee tarkvadi saar" kadhoon takale gele. 1909 madhye, coral yanni enrico leonchya 'ill deveneer soshal' yaa italitil krantikari syndicalismachya prabhavshali niyatkalikat eka lekh prakashit keela, joou nantar charles maurus yanni 'antiparlementary socialist' yaa shirshakachya 'ell' action frankage 'madhye punarmudran keela aanee tyache samarthan kele. rashtravad aanee sindikalvadakade valanare vral heey pahile navhate. 1902 teey 1910 yaa kalat italian krantikari syndicalistschya eka gatane italian rashtravadala sindikalvadashi jodanyache dhyey suru kele hote. teey nantar 'facist chalvaliche sansthapak' banale aanee musolinichya rajvatit 'pramukh padey bhushavali. sarvasadharanpane, pahilya mahayuddhadarmyan aanee 1918 chya yuddhaviramachya nantarchya mahinyant italian syndicalvad shevati rashtriy sindikalvadat ekatra aala. mauras yanni goralchya pathimbyache swagat kele kaaran teey doghehi french samajvadachya 'lokshahikaranachya' dishene dhavnyachya margavar naan pohochanyachya margavar pohochanyabaddal chintit hote, jeey eka prachand samajik lokshahi chalvalit ekatra yet hote. mauryanna, lokshahichya mohatoon shoshale jaanyapasun samajvadachi shuddhata door thevavi lagali, asey ghoshit karat qee "lokshahi aanee sarvadesheey ghatakanpasun mukt jhalela samajvad rashtravadala basato aanee changlya prakare banavalela hatmoje sunder hatala basato."parantu phillip buchez aanee ferdinand lassel yanchyasarkhya anek european samajvadi lokansathi yaa kalat asey vichar asamanya navhate, jyanni" lokshahicha tiraskar keela aanee deshala unchavale."lokshahichya tyachya tiraskaramule, goral aanee syndicalistsony rajkiy paksh aanee lokshahi sanstha tasech" "sarvharachi marksvadi hukumshahi" nakarli, parantu carl markschya lokshahi aanee nivadanukanchya virodhala teey kartvyanishth rahile ". yapurvi, marksney kabool kele hote qee 1848 chya krantitil tyache krantikari karya lokshahiviruddhachya yuddhachya yojneshivay dusare kahee navhate." marksvad vachavanyachya prayatnat, goral lokpriavad aanee rashtravadachya sanshleshanachya nirmitikade aakarshit jhaale jyat "yahudivirodhi sarvat kuroop" dekhil samavisht hote. yaa veleparyant, goral aanee itar syndicalistsony assa nishkarsh kadhala qee sarvahara hinsachar parinamkarak navhata kaaran "sarvahara varg aapali krantikari bhoomika paar padnyas asamarth hota", asey eka moolyankan, jyane anekanna rashtra-rajyakade sarvahara-aadharit samaj sthapan karnyasathi sarvottam sadhan mhanoon pahanyas pravrutt kele, jeey nantar sarvahara rashtravadachya facist sankalpanet sameel jhaale. anek krantikari syndicalistanni mauranche kautuk kelyanantar aanee 1909 madhye french avibhajya rashtravadabaddal sahanubhooti darshavlyanantar, kattarpanthi rashtravadachya mohakade coral aanee tyachya corlean samajvadache anusaran kele. charles mauras yanni sadar kelele aavahan mhanje, burjuva lokshahi, dnyanoday aanee "tyache udarmatvad, tyache vyaktivad aanee vyaktincha samooh mhanoon samajachi sankalpana yanchyaviruddhacha tyancha rashtravadi drushtikon."haah cull suruch rahila aanee 1911 paryant krantikari sanghavadyanni manya kele hote qee done mahattvache deshdrohi rajkiy pravah ekatra aale aahet, jyamule 'eka naveen rashtravad aanee krantikari samajvad' tayar jhaala aahe."haah ektrikaran akheris italian facismcha eka pramukh pailu mhanoon samore aala, jithe musolini swatah kabool keleh" "mea kaay aahe, mea dukkhasathi runee aahe"."israyali itihaskar zeev sternhell, jyanna facismche agraganya tadnya manale jaate, tyanni thampane sangitale qee, deshvirodhi rashtravadashi syndicalismache heey ekikaran haah eka ghatak hota qee, italian krantikari syndicalvad haah facist vichardharecha kanaa qaa banala." facist syndicalvad aanee utpadanvad. musolini haah sanghvadasah facism haah vakyansh aanananya pahilya vyaktinpaiki eka hota, jyane 1920 chya dashakachya suruvatila tippani kelee qee "facist syndicalvad haah rashtriy aanee utpadak aahe... jyaa rashtriy samajat shram haah anand, abhimanacha vishay aanee kuleen vargasathi eka padvi banato."bahutansh italian syndicalists samajik krantikade" "uchch utpadakta" "pradan karnyasathi jalad parivartanache sadhan mhanoon pahat asat aanee jarr hii aarthik vipulata udbhavanyat ayashasvi tharali tarr konatahi arthpurn samajik badal houu shakat nahee". utpadakatva" chya mahattvavar syndicalistsne dilela bharr moolatah 1907 madhye koralane suru keela hota, jyanni assa yuktivad keela hota qee "marxla asey vatate qee, aarthik kshamata midavalelya utpadakanchya sarvahara vargane keleli kranti aahe."jevha carlo cafero yanni italian bhashet bhandavalachya prarambhik pramanasathi eka sangrah vikasit keela, tevha marks yanni tyanchya sahkanyala aathvan karoon dilee qee" "sarvharachya muktatesathi aavashyak asalelya bhautik paristhiti" "hii" "bhandavalshahichya vikasadvare utsfurtapane nirman jhalya pahijet". "" russian yadavi yuddhachya samaptinantar aanee yuddh samyavadatun sankramananantar facist syndicalistmadhye utpadakatechya siddhantala pathimba vadhalyane uchch berojgari aanee asey vatavaran disun aale jethe "bahutek giranya aanee karkhane thapp hote; khanee aanee kolasa khaninche nuksan jhaale aanee puur aala." naveen aarthik dhoran (nepa) lagoo jhalyanantar, italian syndicalistsony badalatya kalanusar tyat sudharana karnyacha aanee tyachi dhoranatmak uddishte drudh karnyacha nirdhar karat, orthodox marksvadapasun aanakhi door jaane suru thewale. aarthikdrushtya magasalelya vatavaranat samajik kranti prasthapit karnyachya prayatnanchya dhokyanvishayi injalsachya 1850 chya takidache palan karnyat russian bolshevik ayashasvi tharale aahet assa yuktivad tyanni keela. hii ghasaran soviet russiachya aarthik asvasthatechya anek varshanpurvi udayas aalee hotee, jyamule bahutek italian syndicalistna, "tyanna orthodox marksvadat aadhaltat asey vatat asalelya" chuka aanee tote paar karnyas pravrutt kele."thet krutidvare utpadan sadhananvar kamgaranche niyantran aananyasathi vikasit kelelya syndicalismachya vicharvantanna heey lakshat aale qee italichi adim arthvyavastha samajasathi samanata kinwa vipulata deu shakat nahee. burjuvanni vikasit kelelya paripakv udhyogashivay, tyanna heey samajale qee yashasvi samajik krantisathi "vargaheen" krantikarkanchya pathimbyachi aavashyakta asate. musolini italian syndicalist, rashtravadi aanee bhavishyavadi yanchyasobat assa yuktivad keela qee teey krantikarak marksvadi kinwa itar kahee vichardhara navhe tarr facist asateel. musolini aanee itar syndicalist siddhantkaranchya matey, facism haah sarvahara rashtrancha samajvad asel.'" facist syndicalist dekhil keval punarvitaranatmak aarthik rachana sthapan karnyaivaji utpadan vadhavanyachya kalpanet vyagra jhaale. italian facism aanee syndicalismache pramukh siddhantkar sergio panunzio yancha assa vishvas hota qee syndicalist heey vitaranvadi nasoon nirmate aahet. bolshevikanni tyanchi arthvyavastha hatalalyabaddal kelelya tiket, panunzione asehi thampane sangitale qee russian soviet rajya heey sarvharachya "hukumshahi" banale aahe, sarvharachya "nahee." rosoni aanee facist syndicalist. december 1922 madhye jevha rossoni yanchi facist syndical corporation general confederation sarchitanis mhanoon nivad jhaali, tevha itar italian syndicalistney "rajkiy sanrachana tayar karane aanee tyanchi punarrachana karane" yaa tyanchya uddeshane "facist syndicalvad" yaa mukhya vakyanshala dujora denyas suruvat kelee... rajya aanee shram yanchya sanshleshanadvare."rosoni aanee tyachya facist syndicalist caderla lavkarach" "kattarpanthi kinwa davya ghatak" "mhanoon olakhale gele, jyanni kamgaranchya aarthik hitsambandhanche rakshan karnyacha aanee tyanchi vargabhavanamrut rakhanyacha prayatna keela"."rosoni" "arthvyavasthet samoohik hitsambandh" "nirman karnyacha prayatna keela, jyamule niyoktyanna facist shist lagoo hoil aanee kamgaranna aarthik nirnay ghenyasathi adhik mahattvapoorn bhoomika pradan hoil". facist rajyachi moolbhut krantikari disha nishchit karnyachya prayatnat, rosoni assa yuktivad keela qee facist syndicalvad aaghadivar asala pahije, musolinichya 'ill popolo dii' italia 'vruttapatrat ghoshana kelee qee' keval facist syndicates kranti purn karoo shakatat."aaplya suruvatichya bhandavalshahivirodhi vadavivadanmadhye, rosoni assa dawa keela qee bhandavalshahine" "utpadanala uttejan aanee vikas denyaeivaji tyala qamee kele aanee radd kele" "aanee udhyogpati" "udaseen, nishkriy aanee adnyani hote"." 1923 chya suruvatiparyant udhyogpati aanee karkhanyache malak facist syndicalistschya vyapari samuday aanee bhandavalshahivaril shabdik hallyanmule chintet jhaale hote, jyamule tyanchyapaiki anekanna aashchary vatale qee "facistanshi ladhanyasathi communistanna paise dene aata shahanpanache aahe qaa!"akhand hallah suru asatana, 1926 paryant rosoni udhyogpatinna" "pishach" "aanee" "napha kamavanare" "mhanoon chitrit karananya aaropanmadhye thaam hota". rosoni keval mothya udhyogpatinna tyanchya samoohik lobhasathi lakshya kele nahee tarr "lahan dukandaranchya aakramak lobh" viruddhahi teeka kelee. kahee prakarananmadhye, rosonichya kamgar-samarthak bhoomikemule udhyogpati chintet padale kaaran markschya "itihasachya gatishil kayadyachya" tatvik vyakhyemule, jyamule teey karkhanyanvar kamgaranchya niyantranachya sambhavyates pathimba denyas pravrutt jhaale. tyanni assa yuktivad keela qee udhyogpatinna tyanchi padey swikaranyacha kayadeshir adhikar aahe, parantu joparyant kamgaranni, naveen syndicatesmadhye sanghatit houn, satta swikaranyasathi aavashyak kshamatevar prabhutva midavalele nahee toparyant." 1925 chya suruvatila ekpakshiy hukumshahi sthapan karnyapurvi aanee nantar musolinichya rajvatisathi facist syndicalistschya niyoktyanprati asalelya shatrutvamule rajkiy adachani nirman jhalya. parantu vaad asoonahi, rosoni 1928 madhye rajinama denyas bhag padale jaiparyant, kadachit tyachya jawaljawal 30 laakh-majboot union sadasyatvachya bhitimule, jyane rashtriy facist pakshachya sadasyatvala mothya pramanat mage takale hote. alfredo rokkochya syndical kayadyannusar 3 april 1926 paryant italitil swatantra kamgar sanghatananche rashtriyikaran jhaale nasale taree 1922 paryant facist syndicates heey samajvadi aanee catholic kamgar sanghatanansathi pramukh bharati pratispardhi banale hote."1920 paryant 2,000,000 peksha jaast sadasyanchya sadasyatvavar pohochalyanantar, kamgaranche swatantra samanya mahasangh 1922 chya madhyaparyant 4,00,000 sadasyanparyant qamee jhaale. itar sanghatananchi kamgirihi titakich kharab hotee. 1921 madhye 'popolari' chya catholic syndicatesmadhye 12 laakh sadasya hote, parantu 1922 chya uttaradhat teey 540,000 paryant khalee aale. tarihi, rosonila musolinichya prashasanatil eka maulyavan neta mhanoon manale gele, 1930-1943 aanee itar uchch padanvaril facismchya bhavya parishadeche sadasya banale. facist syndicatesmadhil sadasyatvatil vadhaleli bahutansh sthitee 1920 chya dashakachya suruvatila krantikari samajvadi yanchya netrutvakhali jhalelya pradirgh karkhana sampadarmyan udbhavalelya bighadalelya aarthik paristhitimule udbhavali. vyapalelya karkhanyanna aarthik samasya, vetan denyasathi rokh rakmechi kamatarata aanee utpadakta patalitil ghasaran sahan karavi lagali."jevha karkhanyatil kamgaranni karkhane sodanyas suruvat kelee, tevha kamgaranna tyanchya kamachya thikani thevanyasathi" laal rakshak "niyukt kele gele, kahee prakarananmadhye kamgaranna" hinsacharachya dhokyat kaam karnyas bhag padale gele."facist union sanghatananchya yashat jyache yogdan hote teey mhanje facist pakshashi tyancha drudh sambandh, eka asey dhoran jeey italian samajvadi paksh aanee itar kamgar mahasanghanni sweekarle navhate. facist syndicalismache anek prakar hote, jyat adhik madhyam teey kattarpanthi hote. eka adhik kattarpanthi facist syndicalist mhanje tatvadnyani yugo spirito. davya facist" mhanoon olakhalya jaananya spiritone lokpriy prakarchya "corporatewad" yaa malkichya mahamandalachya sangharshala pathimba deela, jyane "avanchhit aarthik kendrikaranashivay samoohik malkichi vaishishtye pradan kelee." rosoni vyatirikt, sergio panunzio aanee aaa. oo. alivhatti heey 'sarvat susangat' italian syndicalist manale jaat hote jyanna itihaskaranni 'facist left' mhanoon vargikrut kele aahe. kamgar aanee samanya lokanche hitsambandh pudhe nenyasathi tasech "arthvyavastheche aadhunikikaran karnyasathi" tyanni facism aanee syndicalist vichardharechi olakh sansadiy udarmatvadachya jaagi mhanoon kelee." rosonisathi, utpadakanmadhye "aarthik nyay aanee samajik ekatmata" vadhavanyasathi mahamandalankade sarvottam sanstha mhanoon pahile jaat asey. facist kamgar sanghatana (krishi kamgar) chey netrutva karananya luigi razo yanna vatale qee aarthik sanghatana facist rajvatisathi sarvat mahattvachya rajkiy ghatakache pratinidhitva karatat kaaran tyaa kamgaranna nirnay ghenyat gambhir bhoomika pradan kartil-visheshtah arthvyavastheche niyaman karnyat." yaa 'facos corporatewad' dware, arthshastra aanee rajkaran eksandh honyachya jawal yet asatana khyan aarthik rashtrakade swatahvar rajya karanyachi sadhane asateel. rajkaran aanee arthshastrache heey ekikaran heey bahutek facist syndicalistsasathi "davya-facist sankalpanecha gabha" hote, jyanni facismla eka rajkiy kalpana aanee tattva mhanoon kayam thewale, parantu aarthik vyavastha mhanoon nahee. aarthik gut aanee samoohik hitsambandhankhali sanghatit utpadan aanee aarthik upkramanna shist lavane heey facist rajyache kartavya hote, parantu arthvyavasthela aata swatachya balavar kaam karoo dile jaat navhate. musolini aanee tyache facist shasson. vastavik vetanatil kapat thambavanyasathi, 40 tasancha aathvada kayam thevanyasathi aanee kamgaranchya hakkanchi hummy denyasathi facist kamgar kayada purn karnyasathi eka naveen "kamgar sanad" tayar karnyachya rosonichya prayatnat musolini pratisad deela hota, jyamule kamgaranna aspasht laabh jhaala. parantu musolini purvi ashach prakarchya shram-samarthak drushtikonanmadhye adhik prabhavi hota. 1919 saalee dalminitil 'franchisee eae gregarini' dhatushastra prakalpat 'union italiana dell lavoro' (yu. aay. ell.) chya sampat tyanni kamgaranchya karkhanyanchya vyavasayala pathimba deela. tyanna 'sarjansheel sump' mhanat musolini kamgaranna karkhana malkanshi 'samanata' thevanyacha aanee teey sadhya karnyasathi sampat sahbhagi honyacha adhikar asalyacha aagrah dharala. sampamule utpadanat vyatyay yeu naye aanee kamgar utpadan prakriyet samaan bhag ghenyachi tayari aanee sampasathi jababdanya paar padanyachi kshamata donhi darshavtat, hii tyanchi mukhya chetavani hotee. varg sahkarya kayam rakhanyasathi musoliniche adhikrut dhoran asoonahi, italitil "davya corporatevadyanni" vargatil matbhed apariharya mhanoon pahane suru thewale, jarr mahamandalanna kamgaranna kharokharach sahbhagi karayache asel tarr varg-aadharit sanstha aavashyak aahet assa vishvas hota. musolini dusya dishene jaanyacha nirnay ghetala hota, 1917 chya uttaradhat assa nishkarsh kadhala hota qee audhyogikdrushtya magasalelya rashtranmadhil krantikarkansathi rudhivadi marksvad haah mukhyatve aprasangik hota. musolini aanee facist vicharvantanni assa tark keela qee jarr burjuva varg tyanchya aitihasik jababdanya purn karoo shakala nahee aanee deshachya udhyogachya payabhoot suvidha pudhe neuu shakala nahee, tarr heey kaam lokpriy janata aanee uchchabhru aaghadikade sopavave lagel, jyasathi varg sahkaryaprati vachanbaddhata aavashyak asel jenekarun sarvahara aanee burjuva utpadakanchya madhyamatoon samudayachya utpadak kshamatechi seva karata yeil. musolini varganmadhil yaa sahkaryache varnan eka naveen lokshahi-"utpadak vargachi eka samjutdar aanee pramanik vyavastha" asey kele."varg sangharshala musolinicha virodh marksvadi sudharak aanee samajik lokshahivadi lokanchya purvichya bhavna pratidhvanit karat hota, jyat edward bernstein yancha samavesh hota, jyanni asey mhatale hote qee" samajvadi varg sangharsh aanee krantiaivaji sahkarya aanee utkrantivar bharr dene aavashyak aahe." kahijan assa yuktivad karatat qee "musolinicha atee-davya sanghavad" haah 1922 paryant facismchya naveen punaravruttila janm dett gabriel dii 'annunzochya atee-ujavya rashtravadat villin jhaala hota. itarancha assa dawa aahe qee 1921 chya uttaradhaparyant, musolini ajunahi italian facessche naav badaloon "facist lebber party" karane pasant kele, kamgar sanghatanela pathimba denyachya davya vicharsaranichya parampareshi eknishth mhanoon tyachi pratishtha tikavoon thevanyachya prayatnat, visheshtah jarr too aanee tyache facist nete kamgar mahasanghacha (see. jee. ell.) pathimba midvu shakale. musolini tisya facist congressmadhye (november) samajvadi lokansobatchi prastavit kamgar yutee sodali. 7-10,1921) krantikari samajvadi aanee kamgar sanghatananchya samarthyavar ankush thevanyacha prayatna karananya hinsak squadristy milicianna shant karnyasathi tadjod paddhatine. tathapi, 1934 paryant, musolini aapali anek bajarpeth-paripakvata sthitee ulatoo dilee aanee tyane italian arthvyavasthecha teen chaturthansh bhag "rajyachya hatat" thevalyacha abhiman balgala. udhyoganna mothya pramanat karj denanya aaghadichya bankanna 1930 chya dashakachya suruvatila, tasech anek mothya audhyogik companyanna vachavave lagale. ayashasvi companyanna dilasa denyasathi aanee naveen audhyogik guntavanukisathi bhandwal puravanyasathi, done naveen sarkari malki kampanya, italian audhyogik vitt sanstha (istituto mobilier italiano; ii. emm. aay.) aanee audhyogik punarrachana sanstha (istituto parr laa recostruzion industrial; iirii) sthapan karnyat aalya; tyanni prashikshit vyavasthapak aanee prabhavi aarthik dekhrekh dekhil pradan kelee. asha prakare italine eka prachand, rajya-netrutvakhalil audhyogik kshetra sampadan kele, jeey banking, polad, nauvahan, shastre aanee jalvidhyut purvathyat visheshtah mahattvache hote. matra, yaa companyanche rashtriyikaran karnyat aale nahee. tyaeivaji, teey bajarat khajgi kampanya mhanoon kaam karat hote aanee tarihi tyanchyakade anek khajgi bhagdharak hote. 1943 madhye nazinsathi kathputali sarkar mhanoon uttar italimadhye bandist rahilyanantar, musolini italian samajik prajasattakachya antargat "samajikaran" laa protsahan dile. 1944 chya suruvatila, musolinichya "samajikaran kayadyane" udhyogachya rashtriyikaranache aavahan kele, jeey asha dhoranacha pathpurava karel, jyamadhye "kamgaranna karkhana aanee vyavasay vyavasthapanamadhye sahbhagi vhave lagel."

fasiwadi sindikalwad fascist syndicalism (rashtriya sindiklismasanga sambandhit) ek wyapar syndicate andolan thiyo ("syndicate" ko artha francelima trade union how) june dosro vishwayudha purwako krantikari sindikalwad andolanko utpattibata bahira ayo jasko netritwa prayaha admondo rosoni, sergio panunjio, ae. o. olibhetti, michel bianchi, alceste day ambris, paolo orano, masimo rokka, rar guido pigeti, georges wralko prabhawama thie, jaslai sindikalismako 'metafigician' manincha. fascist sindikalistaharu fasismaka anya rupharubhanda farak thie kinbhane uniharule samanyataya warga sangharsh, shramik niyantrit karkhanaharu rar udyogapatiharusangko shatrutalai samarthan gare, jasle itihaskarharulai uniharulai "wamapanthi fascist adarshawadiharu" ko rupma chitran garna prerit prapta jo "dakshin fasiwadiharubata maulik rupma bhinna thie."samanyataya italyma ek adhik kattarpanthi fascist sindikalistaharu madhye ek manine, rosoni" "fascist sindikalwadko pramukh pratipadak" "thie., rar "warga sangharsh" kaa sath rashtrawadlai prasfutit garna khoje. rashtriya cindicalismama krantikari sindikalwad. kahilekaahin krantikari sindikalwadko "pita" wa kamtima "francelli sindikalistaharu madhye agrani wyakti" manine georges soralle sansadiya dalharu rar rajnitiko bhrashta prabhawharu viruddha ladna ugrawadi trade yuniyanwadlai samarthan gare, yadyapi vidhayakharu spashta rupma samajwadi thie. sann 1920 ko dashakko prarambhama ek francelli marxwadiko rupma jasle lenin, bolsevism rar musolinilai samawarti rupma samarthan gare, koralle warga sangharshama sarvahara wargako karanlai badhawa die, rar "vinashkari dhruwikaran" june samajik mithak-nirmanbata utpanna hunchha. punjiwadko unmulan garna hadatalharu ayojana garne, yasalai rajya samajwadle pratisthapan garne hoina, shramik-warga utpadakharuko samaj nirman garne, sindiketwadko uddeshya thiyo. yo wranlai "sanchchai saancho" marxwadko rupma manincha. afno 1908 ko pustak, "reflexon unn hins" maa, goralle hinsatmak vidrohama kamadarharulai sangathit garne prayasko rupma, kamadarharulai hinsako karyaharuma laz lagdaina bhanera wishwasta parney prayasko rupma "syndicate" ko auchitya pradan gare, rar uniharule "rajniti, ganatantra rar deshbhakti" ko tiraskar garnuparchha. yass kurli arthama, marxwadi warga sangharshasanga sambandhit hinsalai ramro, viratapurna rar "sabhyatako anadikalko hita" ko sewama wyakhya garna sakinchha. dherai europeli samajwadiharu krantikari sindikalistaharuko shrenima samel bhae, benito musolini sahit, jasle afu 1904 sammama krantikari sindikalwadko chapetama pareko dabi gare, yo samanya hadatalko samayama bhaeko ullekha gardai, yadyapi uni pahile sindikalwadma sanlagna thie. sann 1909 sammama, samajwadi sansadharuko samjhauta garne nitiharu, loktantrik samajwadtarfko andolan rar "vishal arthik labhko chamatkar" batt bahakaeko sarvahara wargako patanbata dukhit bhae. koralko vicharma, sarvahara wargale naha tata krantikari pariwartanko unko apekshaharu rar naha tata marxko "bhawya mahakawya" ko sapanaharulai pratikriya diiraheko thiyo. marxwadko yass punarmulyankanle sorallai benedeto crossko "samajwad mareko chha" bhanne sutra apanauna prerit prapta."yass awadhima, samajwadka barema koralko dherai alochana rar lekhanharu marxwadko gahiro sankatko pratikriyama thie.jahaan unle antonio labriolaca anusar utsahaka sath yasako wyakhya gare rar yass "sankat" lai samajwadko euta kshetrama parinat gare." marxwadko akhandata rar baudhikta kshaya hundai gaeko thiyo, rar "veer sarvahara warga" yaa tata astitwahin bhaeko wa "burjuwa jastai upayogitawaddwara dherai bhrashta bhaeko" dekhinchha."koralka anusar, loktantrik-republican sarkarharuko shaktile mazdur wargako krantikari pahallai kamjor tulyairaheko thiyo jasle unlai rashtrawadsahit anya wikalpaharu khojna badhya tulyayo, tara kunai rajatantravihin. samajwadko yo sankat samadhan garna, goral ek kattarpanthi rashtrawadlai sametne loktantrik-virodhi samajwadtira farkie, jabki ajhai pani majdurko swamitwama raheka karkhanaharuko samarthanma rahe, tara ek vidharmi marxwadko adhinma yasako "bhautikwadi rar tarkawadi saar" batt alag bhayo. sann 1909 maa, koralle italyma krantikari sindikalwadko ek prabhawashali journal, enriko leonko "eal diveniera sosal" maa euta lekh prakashit gare, jaslai pachhi charles maurasle "ell 'exon frankise" maa "antiparliamentary socialist" shirshakma punah mudrit rar champion banae. goral rashtrawad rar sindikalwadtira ghumne pahilo wyakti thienan. sann 1902 dekhi 1910 sammaka warshaharuma italian krantikari sindikalistaharuko ek caderle italian rashtrawadlai sindikalwadsanga jodne missionma aghi badheko thiyo. pachhi tiniharu "fascist andolanka sansthapak" banna thale, rar musoliniko shasanma "pramukh padaharu samhaleka thie. samanyataya, italian sindikalwad antatah pahilo wishwayuddhako samayama rar 1918 ko yuddhaviram pachhika mahinaharuma rashtriya cindicalismama ekjut bhayo. maurasle koralko samarthanlai swagat gare kii uniharu duwai francelli samajwad "loktantrikaran" ko dishama afno hatarma kunai farkane batoma pugna, ek durjeya samajik loktantra andolanma ekjut huna chintit thie. mauraharuka lagi, samajwadko shuddhata loktantrako pralobhandwara kabja hunbata tadha rahanuparyo, "loktantrik rar vishwawyapi tatwabata mukta samajwad rashtrawadsanga milcha rar ramrosanga banaieko hatlale sunder hatma milcha."tara yass awadhima dherai europeli samajwadiharuka lagi tyasta vicharharu asamanya thienan, jastai phillip buchez rar ferdinand lasale jasle" loktantralai tuchcha thane rar rashtralai uccha tulyae."loktantrapratiko unko ghrina, kural rar sindiketharule rajnitik dalharu rar loktantrik sansthaharuka sathai" "sarvahara wargako marxwadi tanashahi" "lai aswikar gare, tara carle marxko loktantra rar chunawako virodhaprati kartawyanishtha rahe. yasaghi marxley sann 1848 ko krantima afna krantikari gatiwidhiharu "loktantra wiruddhako yuddhako yojanabahek aru kehi thiena" bhani swikar gareka thie." marxwadlai bachaune prayasma, groll lokpriyatawad rar rashtrawadko sanshleshanko srishtitira akarshit bhae jasma "yahudi-virodhiko sabaibhanda kathora" pani samawesh thiyo. yass samayasamma, coral rar anya sindikalistaharule sarvahara hinsa aprabhawi thiyo bhanne nishkarsh nikale kinbhane "sarvahara warga afno krantikari bhumika pura garna asamartha thiyo", yasto mulyankan jasle dherailai rashtra-rajyalai sarvahara-adharit samaj sthapana garne uttam madhyamko rupma hern raji garayo, june pachhi sarvahara rashtrawadko fascist awadharanama parinat bhayo. dherai krantikari sindikalistaharule maurraharuko prashansa garepachhi rar sann 1909 maa francelli abhinna rashtrawadprati sahanubhuti pradarshan garepachhi kattarpanthi rashtrawadko pralobhantarfa unko coral rar unko corlean samajwadlai pachhyae. charles maurrasle prastut gareko appeal burjuwa loktantra, gyan, rar "yasako udarwad, yasako wyaktiwad, rar wyaktiharuko ek samuhaka rupma samajko awadharana viruddha unko rashtrawadi drishtikon thiyo."yo prawritti jaari rahyo rar sann 1911 sammama krantikari sindiketharule swikar gareka thie kii dui mahatwapurna virodhi rajnitik prawahaharu eksath aeka thie, jasle" "nayan rashtrawad rar krantikari samajwad" "ko nirman gareko thiyo."yo ekikaran antatah italian fasismako ek pramukh pakshako rupma dekha paryo, jahaan musolinile afai swikar gareh" mahm key hun, mahm ghauko rini chhu."israeli itihaskar jiv sternhell, jaslai fasiwadka ek pramukh visheshagya manincha, unle yo kura jode die kii deshbharik rashtrawadsanga sanghawadko yo ekikaran kinn" italian krantikari sanghawad "fasiwadi wichardharako merudanda banyo bhanne kurako karan thiyo." fasiwadi sindikalwad rar utpadaktwawad. musolini sann 1920 ko dashakko suruma "fasiwadi sanghawad rashtriya rar utpadakwadi how" bhanne tippani gardai sanghawadsanga fasiwad wakyansh lyaune pahilo wyaktiharu madhye ek thie... euta rashtriya samajma jasma shram euta ananda, garwako wastu rar kulintako upadhi banchha."dheraijaso italian sindikalistaharule samajik krantilai" "uccha utpadakta" "pradan garna druta rupantaranko madhyamko rupma hereka thie, rar yadi yo arthik prashastata huna asafal bhayo bhane, tyahan kunai arthapurna samajik pariwartan huna sakdaina. utpadakatwa" ko mahatwaprati sindiklistharudwara jode muel rupma 1907 maa koraldwara suru garieko thiyo, jasle tarka gare kii "marxley arthik kshamata prapta garne utpadakharuko sarvahara wargadwara bhaeko krantilai mandachha."jab carlo caffierole italianma punjiko prarambhik matraka lagi euta sangraha wiksit gare, marxley afna sahakarmilai samjhae kii" "sarvahara wargako muktika lagi awashyak bhautik awasthaharu" "punjiwadko vikas (" "dayne gyang derr capitalistition prodoxon" ") dwara swatah utpanna hunuparchha." rusi grihayudhako samapan rar yuddha samyawadbata sankramanpachhi fasiwadi sindikalistaharu bitch utpadakatwako siddhantako samarthan wistar bhayo jasle uccha berojgari rar yasto watawaran dekhae jahaan "adhikansh milharu rar karkhanaharu thappa thie; khaniharu rar koliyariharu dhwasta bhae rar badhi ae." nayan arthik niti (nepal) ko thalanipachi, italian sindikalistaharule pariwartanshil samayasanga mail khane rar yasako rannitik lakshyaharulai protsahit garna yasalai sanshodhan garne dridha sankalpa gardai rudhiwadi markswadbata ajha tadha sardai gae. uniharule tarka gare kii rusi bolsebhikharule arthik rupma pachhaute watawaranma samajik kranti sthapana garne prayasko khataraharubare engelsko 1850 ko chetawani palan garna asafal bhaeka thie. yo bahawa sobhiyat rasiyako arthik aswasthatabhanda dherai warsha pahile dekha pareko thiyo, jasle adhikansh italian sindikalistaharulai "uniharule rudhiwadi marxwadma fela parey" bhanne vishwas garne truti rar kamajoriharu parr garna prerit prapta."pratyaksha karyadwara utpadan sadhanharuma shramik niyantran lyauna wiksit, sindiketwadka buddhijiwiharule italyko adim arthatantrale naha tata samanta rar naha tata samajka lagi prashastata pradan garna sakchha bhanne mahasus gare. burjuwa dwara wiksit paripakwa udyogbina, uniharule safal samajik krantilai "wargawihin" krantikariharuko samarthan chahinchha bhanera bujhna thale. musolinile italian sindikalistaharu, rashtrawadiharu rar bhawishyawadiharusanga milera tee krantikariharu fasiwadi hunechhan, marxwadi wa kunai anya vichardhara hoinan bhanne tarka gare. musolini rar anya syndicalist siddhantakarharuka anusar, fasiwad "sarvahara rashtraharuko samajwad" hunechha.'" fasiwadi sindikalistaharu pani punah witaran arthik sanrachana sthapana garnuko satta utpadan badhaune vicharma wyasta bhae. italian faswad rar sindikalwadka pramukh saidhantik sergio panunjiyole sindikalistaharu witaranwadiharu bhanda utpadakharu hun bhanne vishwas gare. bolsebhikharule afno arthatantralai samhaleko alochana gardai, panunjiyole rusi sobhiyat rajya sarvahara wargamathi "tanashahi" bhaeko rar sarvahara wargako hoina bhani pani jode die." rosoni rar fascist sindikalistaharu. jab rosoni december 1922 maa fascist cindical karporesanharuko samanya confederationko mahasachivko rupma chayan gariyo, anya italian sindikalistaharule "rajnitik sanrachanaharuko nirman rar punargathan garne afno uddeshyama" fascist sindikalwad "catchfragelai pushti garna thale... rajya rar shramko sanshleshanko madhyambata."rosoni rar unka fascist syndicalist caderlai chaandai" "kattarpanthi wa wamapanthi tatwaharu" "kaa rupma maninthyo, jasle" "kamadarharuko arthik hitko raksha garna rar uniharuko warga chetanako sanrakshan garna khoje."rosonile" "arthatantrama samuhik chaso" "nirman garne prayas gare, jasle rojgardataharulai fasiwadi anushasanma rakhnechha jabki kamadarharulai arthik nirnayaharu lyne thap mahatwapurna bhumika pradan gardacha. fascist rajyako adharbhut krantikari disha nirdharan garne prayasma, rosonile musoliniko "eal popolo dee 'italia" akhabarma "kewal fascist syndicatesle matra kranti pura garna sakchhan" bhanera ghoshana gardai fascist sindikalwad agrapanktima hunuparchha bhani tarka gare."afno prarambhik punjiwadi virodhi vivadma, rosonile punjiwadle" "utpadanlai utprerit rar vikas garnuko satta yasalai awasad rar radda gareko" "rar udyogpatiharu" "udasina, nishkriya rar agyani thie" "bhani dabi gare." sann 1923 ko prarambhama udyogpati rar karkhanaka malikharu wyapari samudaya rar punjiwadmathi fasiwadi sindikalistaharuko maukhik akramanbata chintit hundai gaeka thie, jasle garda tiniharumadhe dherailai "ab fasiwadiharusanga ladna communistharulai bhuktan garnu buddhimani how kii bhanera sochna utprerit utprerit nirantar akraman jaari rahyo, rosoni sann 1926 sammama udyogapatiharulai" "pishach" "rar" "nafamukhi" "kaa rupma chitran garne afno aropharuma adig thie. rosonile thula udyogapatiharulai uniharuko samuhik lobhka lagi matra laxit garenan, tara "sanah pasal-malikharuko akramak lobh" viruddha afno alochanaharu pani kendrit gare. kehi awasthama, rosoniko shram samarthak rukhle marxko "itihasko gatishil kanuna" ko darshanik wyakhyaka karan udyogapatiharulai chintit banayo, jasle unlai karkhanaharuma kamadarharuko niyantranko sambhawyatalai samarthan garna prerit prapta. unle tarka gare kii udyogapatiharulai afno pada grahan garne vaidha adhikar chha, tara jabasamma "nayan sindiketharuma sangathit kamadarharule command lyne awashyak kshamatama maharat hasil garenan." niyoktaharupratiko fascist sindikalistaharuko shatrutale sann 1925 ko suruma ek-daliya tanashahi sthapana garnuaghi rar pachhi musoliniko shasanka lagi rajnitik samasya nimtyayo. tara vivadka bawajud, rosonile sann 1928 maa rajinama dina badhya nabhaesamma afno pada kayam rakhe, sambhawatah unko lagbhag 30 lakh-baliyo union sadasyatako darle rashtriya fascist partyko sadasyatalai dherai parr gareko thiyo. yadyapi italyma swatantra shramik sanghaharu april 3,1926 samma rashtriyakaran garieko thiena, alfredo rokkoko cindical kanuna antargat, 1922 sammama fascist sindiketharu samajwadi rar catholic shramik sangathanharuka lagi pramukh bharti pratispardhi baneka thie."sann 1920 sammama 2,000,000 bhanda badhi sadasyaharuko sadasyata prapta garepachhi, swatantra shram samanya sangha sann 1922 ko madhyasamma 4,00,000 sadasyaharuma ghatyo. anya sanghaharule pani tyati nai kharab pradarshan gare. sann 1921 maa "popolary" kaa catholic sindiketka 12 lakh sadasyaharu thie, tara sann 1922 ko uttarardhama yo ghatera 540,000 pugeko thiyo. jey hose, rosonilai musoliniko prashasanma ek mulyawan netako rupma liiyo, 1930-1943 rar anya uccha padaharubata fasiwadko bhawya parishadko sadasya banyo. facist sindiketharuma badhdo sadasyata krantikari samajwadiharuko netritwama sann 1920 ko dashakko suruma bhaeko lamo karkhana hadatalko kramama bhaeko bigrandai gaeko arthik awasthako karan thiyo. kabja garieka karkhanaharule arthik samasya, jyala tirna nagadko abhawa rar utpadakatwako starma girawatko samana garnupareko thiyo."jab karkhanaka kamadarharule karkhanaharu chhodna thale, kamadarharulai uniharuko karyasthalharuma rakhna" "redd gardharu" "niyukta gariyo, kehi awasthama kamadarharulai" "hinsako khatarama kaam garna badhya pardai."fascist union sangathanharuko safaltama pani yogdan garne kura fascist partysanga uniharuko baliyo sambadhata thiyo, yo niti italian samajwadi party rar anya shram sanghaharule lieka thienan. fascist cindicalismaka dherai prakarharu thie, adhik madhyamdekhi kattarpanthisamma. ek adhik kattarpanthi fascist syndicalist darshanik yugo spirito thie. wamapanthi fascist" ko rupma manine spiritole lokpriya prakarko "corporatewad" ko lagi sangharshalai samarthan prapta, ek prakarko swamitwa nigam jasle "awanchhaniya arthik kendrikaran bina samuhik swamitwa" kaa suwidhaharu pradan prapta." rosni bahek, sergio panunjio rar ae. o. olibhettilai "sabaibhanda susangat" italian sindikalistaharu manincha jaslai itihaskarharule "fascist left" ko rupma wargikrit gareka chhan. uniharule fasiwad rar sindiketwadi vichardharalai sansadiya udarwadko pratisthapanko rupma pahichan gare taaki mazdur rar aam janatako hitlai agadi badhaunaka sathai "arthatantrako adhunikikaran garna sakinchha." rosonika lagi, nigamharulai utpadakharu bitch "arthik nyaya rar samajik ekta" prawardhan garna uttam sansthaharuko rupma herinthyo. fasiwadi trade union confederation (krishi kamdar) ko netritwa garne luigi rajjole soche kii arthawyawastha sangathanharule fasiwadi shasanka lagi sabaibhanda mahatwapurna rajnitik tatwako pratinidhitwa gardacha kinbhane tiniharule kamadarharulai "nirnaya linma gambhir bhumika pradan garnechan-vishesh gari arthatantralai winiyamit garna." yass "fasos corporatewad" marfat, arthashastra rar rajniti abhisaranko najik badhdai jaanda saancho arthik rashtrasanga afulai shasson garne madhyamharu hunechhan. rajniti rar arthashastrako yo ekikaran adhikansh fascist syndicalistharuka lagi "wam-fascist awadharanako muel" thiyo, jasle fasismalai rajnitik vichar rar siddhantako rupma samarthan gare, tara arthik pranaliko rupma hoina. arthik samuha rar samuhik hitantargat sangathit utpadan rar arthik gatiwidhiharulai anushasita garnu fasiwadi rajyako kartawya thiyo, jabki arthatantralai afnai rupma sanchalan garna dindaina. musolini rar unko fascist shasson. musolini wastawik jyala katauti rokna, 40-ghanta hapta kayam rakhna, rar nayan "shramko charter" sirjana garne prayasma rosoniprati uttardayi thie jasle kamadarharuko adhikarko guarantee garna fasiwadi shram kanuna pura garnechha, jasko parinamswarup shramka lagi aspashta labh bhayo. tara musolini vigatma shram samarthak drishtikonma badhi shaktishali thie. sann 1919 maa dalminiko "franchaiji ei gregorini" dhatukarma plantma "union italiana dayle labhoro" (uil) hadatalma, unle karkhanaharuma kamadarharuko kabjalai samarthan gare. uniharulai "rachanatmak hadtal" bhandai musolinile majdurharulai karkhana malikharusanga "samanta" garne rar yasalai prapta garna hadatalma sanlagna hune adhikar chha bhani jode die. unko mukhya chetawani hadatalle utpadanma badha nabadhyaunuparchha, rar kamadarharule utpadan prakriyama saman rupma bhag lyne iccha rar hadatalko khojima dayitwaharu nirvaha garne kshamata duwai dekhaunchhan bhanne thiyo. warga sahayog kayam rakhna musoliniko adhikarik nitika bawajud, italyka "wamapanthi corporatistharu" ley warga bhinnatalai apariharyako rupma herchhan, yadi nigamharule wastawik rupma kamadarharulai sanlagna garnupardacha bhane wargama adharit sangathanharu awashyak chhan bhanne vishwas garchhan. musolinile arko dishama aghi badhne nirnaya gareka thie, sann 1917 ko antyasammama audyogik rupma pachhaute rashtraharuma krantikariharuka lagi rudhiwadi marxwad dherai hadasamma aprasangik thiyo bhanne nishkarsh nikaleka thie. musolini rar fascist buddhijiwiharule tarka gare kii yadi burjuwale afno aitihasik dayitwaharu pura garna rar rashtrako udyog purwadharlai agadi badhauna sakena bhane, karyalai lokpriya janata rar kuleen agragamima tyagnu parne thiyo, jaslai warga sahayogko pratibadhata chahinchha taaki sarvahara rar burjuwa utpadakharu marfat samudayako utpadak kshamatako sewa garna sakiyos. musolinile wargaharu bichko yass sahakaryalai nayan loktantrako rupma warnan gare-"utpadak wargaharuko ek vivekpurna rar imandar shasson."warga sangharshako musoliniko virodhle marxwadi sudharakharu rar samajik prajatantrawadiharuko aghillo bhawanalai pratidhwanit prapta, jasma edward bernstein pani thie, jasle" samajwadiharule warga dwandwa rar krantiko satta sahayog rar vikaslai jode dina awashyak chha "bhani batae." katipayale "musoliniko tadhako wamapanthi sanghawad" gabriel dee 'annunjoko tadhako dakshinpanthi rashtrawadsanga misieko dabi garchhan, jasle sann 1922 sammama fasismako nayan sanshodhanlai janma dieko thiyo. arule dabi garchhan kii sann 1921 ko antyasamma, musolinile trade yuniyanwadlai samarthan garne wamapanthi paramparama wafadar raheko afno pratishtha kayam rakhne prayasma italian fasisharuko naam "fascist leber party" maa pariwartan garna ruchae, vishesh gari yadi uni rar unka fascist netaharule shramko samanya confederation (siel) ko samarthan jitna sake. musolinile tesro fascist congress (nobh) maa samajwadiharusanga afno prastawit shram gathabandhan tyage. 7-10,1921) krantikari samajwadi rar shramik sanghaharuko shakti ghatauna prayas garne hinsatmak squadrist milisiaharulai santushta parne melmilapko tarikama. jey hose, sann 1934 sammama, musolinile afno dherai bazar-paripakwata sthitiharu ultauna thale rar unle italian arthatantrako tean-chauthai "rajyako hatma" rakheka thie bhanera ghamanda gare. udyoglai thulo rina dine pramukh bankharulai pani sann 1930 ko dashakko suruma uddhar garnupareko thiyo, sathai dherai thula audyogik companyharule pani. dui nayan rajya-sanchalit holding companyharu, italian audyogik witta sansthan (istituto mobilier italiano; imi) rar audyogik punarnirman sansthan (istituto parr lah recostrugion industrial; iri), asafal farmaharulai bayle out garna rar nayan audyogik laganika lagi punji pradan garna sthapana garieko thiyo; tiniharule prashikshit prabandhakharu rar prabhawkari wittiya paryawekshan pani pradan gare. yasari italyle euta vishal, rajyako netritwama raheko audyogik khetra prapta prapta, june vishesh gari banking, ispat, dhuwani, hatiyar rar jalawidyutko apurtima mahatwapurna thiyo. tara, yee companyharuko rashtriyakaran garieko thiena. yasako satta, tiniharule bajarma niji companyharuko rupma sanchalan gare rar ajhai pani dherai niji seyardharakharu thie. sann 1943 maa najiharuka lagi kathaputli sarkarko rupma uttari italyma simit bhaepachi, musolinile italian samajik ganatantraantargat "samajikikaran" lai badhawa die. sann 1944 ko prarambhama, musoliniko "samajikikaran kanuna" ley udyogko rashtriyakaranko awhan garyo jasle "kamadarharule karkhana rar wyawasaya prabandhanma bhag line niti pachhyaune thiyo."

fascist sindikalabada fascist cindicalism (jatiah cindicalism sahita jadita) eka banijya syndicate andolana thila ("syndicat" arthat pharasire trade union) jaahaa dwiteeja biswajudha purba samajare adhikansha admondo rojsoni, sergio panunjio, aii. oh. alibheti, mishel bijanchi, alceste dii ambris, paolo orano, massimo rakka ebong guido pigeti, georges soralnka prabhabare, jahanku cindicalismra 'adhibidyasee' bolly bibechana karajauthila. fasibadi sindikalistamane anya prakarara fasibada thaaru bhinna thile kaaran semane sadharanatah berg sangram, sramika-nijantrita karkhana ebong shilpapatimananka prati shatrutaku pasanda karuthile, jaahaa aitihasikamananku "bamapanthi fasibadi aadarshabadee" bhabare chitrana karibaku prerita karithila jeunmane "dakhina phyasibadeenkatharu moulika bhabare bhinna thile."sadharanatah italyra adhika ugrabadi facist sindikalistamananka madhyaru jane bhabare bibechita, rosoni" "facist sindikalismara agrani prabakta" "thile., ebong "shreni sangram" sahita rastrabadaku prabartaibaku chesta karithile. jatiah sanghabada prati biplabee sanghabada. belebele biplabee sanghabadara "pita" kimba ati kamare "farasi sanghabada madhyare agrani byaktitwa" bhabare bibechita, georges gearl sansadeeah dala ebong rajneetira durnitigrasta prabhabara mukabila karibaku ugrabadi trade junianabadaku samarthan karithile, jadio bidhajakamane spust bhabare samajabadi thile . jane farasi marxbadi bhabe, jie 1920 dashkar prarambhare ekakaleena lenin, bolsevism ebong musolininku samarthan karithile, soral shreni sangramare sarbahara shrenira karanaku prostahita karithile, ebong "biparjyajapurna merukarana" jaahaa samajika pouranika kathaa-sadharana dharmaghata madhyamare utpanna heba. sindikalismara uddeshya thila punjibadaku uchheda kariba paain dharmaghata ayojan kariba; ehaaku rajya samajabada sahita badalaiba nuhen, barang sramika-berg utpadakanka eka samaj gathan kariba . ehi khyataku "prakrutare satya" marxism bhabe bibechana karajae. 1908 masihare prakashita taanka pustaka 'reflexions aun hiolija "ray, hinsatmaka bidrohare shramikamananku sangathita kariba, shramikamananku hinsa ghatanare lajjit nahebaku bujhaiba ebong" rajneeti, ganatantra ebong deshprem "ku semane tiraskara kariba uchita bolly' syndicate" ku jatharthata pradan karithile. ehi soralian arthare, marksbadi berg sangram sahita jadita hinsaku uttam, biratwapurna ebong "sabhyatara anadical swartha" rahr seba bhabare byakhya karajaipariba . aneka europeah samajabadi biplabee sindikalistanka padabeere joga deithile, jeunthire benito musolini madhya samil thile, jie daabi karithile je shay 1904 suddha biplabee sindikalabadara shikara hoithile, ehaa eka sadharana dharmaghata samajare ghatithila, jadio shay purbaru sindikalabada sahita jadita thile. 1909 masiha suddha, samajabadi sansadamananka aposh neeti, ganatantrika samajabada prati andolana ebong "bipula arthika labhar chamatkara" dwara pralubdha hoithiba sarbahara shrenira abakhyajaku nei duhkhita hoithile. soralnka matare, sarbahara berg taanka baiplabika paribartanara aashaaku kimba marksnka "chamatkara mahakabya" rahr swapnaku pratikrija deu nathile. marxbadara ehi punahmulyankana hetu soral benedetto krosnka uktiku grahan karithile je "samajabada mruta."ehi samajare, samajabada bishajare soralnka aneka samalochana ebong lekhagudika" "marxbadara gabhira sankata" "rahr pratikrija thila., jeunthare shay, antonio labriolanka anujai, utsahara saha ehaaku byakhya karanti ebong ehi "sankataku samajabadara ekare parinata karanti ." sarbanash paain, marksbadar akhandata ebong buddhibada khyaja heuthila, ebong "biratwapurna sarbahara berg" huet astitwaheena thila kimba "burjua berg pari upajogitabadibada dwara bahuta durnitigrasta bolly darshajaithila."gearl anujai, ganatantrika-republican sarakaranka shakti sramika shrenira baiplabika padakhyepaku hrass karuthila jaahaa tanku jatijatabada sameth anya bikalpa khojibaku badhya karithila, kintu kaunasi rajatantra bina . samajabadara ehi sankataku samadhan kariba paain, eka ugrabadi rastrabadaku antarbhukta karuthiba eka ganatantra birodhi samajabada aadaku mukh karithile, jetebele kii sramika malikanare thiba karakhanagudikara samarthanaku dhari rakhithile, kintu eka baidharmika marxbad adheenare ehara "bhautikabadee ebong juktibadee saara" ru bichhinna hoithile. 1909 masihare, soral italyra biplabee cindicalismra eka prabhabasali patrika, enrico lionanka "eal divenir social" ray eka nibandha prakash karithile, jaahaa parey charles mourasanka dwara "laal 'axon frankaij" ray "antiparlimentary socialist" shirshaka punahmudrita ebong samarthita hoithila. gearl pratham byakti nathile jieki jatijatabada ebong sanghabada aadaku agrasara hoithile. 1902 ru 1910 masiha madhyare italiah biplabee cindicalistmanankara eka cadder italiah jatijatabadaku sindikalabada sahita jodiba paain eka mission arambha karithile. parey semane "fasibadi andolanara pratisthata" hebaku lagile, ebong musolininka shasanare "pramukh padabeere rahithile". sadharanatah, italiah sanghabada sheshare pratham biswajudha samajare ebong 1918 judhabiratira parabarti masagudikare jatiah sanghabadare ekatrita hoithila. moras soralnka samarthanaku swagata karithile, kaaran semane ubhaja chintita thile je farasi samajabada "ganatantrikakarana" digare ehara tarabaratare kaunasi pheribara pathare pahanchunahin, eka shaktishali samajika ganatantra aandolanare ekatrita hoichhi. mourasamananka matare, samajabadara shuddhata ganatantrar pralobhan dwara kabaja heba thaaru doorei rahibaku padithila, ghoshana curry je "ganatantrika ebong biswastareeja upadanaru mukta samajabada rastrabada sahita khap khuaithae ebong eka bhal bhabare tiari globhsa eka sunder haatare fitt hoithae."kintu ehi samajare phillip buchez ebong fordinand lasalenka bhali aneka europeah samajabadinka paain ebhali chintadhara aswabhabika nathila, jeunmane" "ganatantraku tuchha karuthile ebong deshaku ucchamana deithile."ganatantra prati tankara ghruna hetu, gearl ebong sindikalistamane rajanaitika dala ebong ganatantrika anusthana tatha" "sarbahara shrenira marxbadi ekachhatrabada" "ku pratyakhyana karithile, kintu ganatantra ebong nirbachana prati carle marksnka birodha prati kartabyabaddha rahithile. purbaru, marx sweekara karithile je 1848rahr biplabare tankara baiplabika karjyakalapa "ganatantra biruddhare juddhara yojana byatita aau kichhi nuhen." marksijamaku banchaiba prajasare, gearl lokalwabada ebong rastrabadara eka sanshleshana srusti prati akarshita hoithile jeunthire "ihudi-birodheetara sabutharu kathore" madhya antarbhukta thila . ehi samai suddha, soral ebong anya sindikalistamane ehi siddhantare upneet hoithile je sarbahara hinsa prabhabahina thila kaaran "sarbahara berg ehara baiplabika bhumika purana karibare asamartha thila", eka akalana jaahaa anekanku rastra-rajyaku eka sarbahara-aadharita samaj pratistha karibara sarbottama madhyama bhabare dekhiba paain prabartita karithila, jaahaa parey sarbahara rastrabadara facist dharana sahita jodi hoithila . aneka biplabee cindicalist eka ugra jatijatabadara akarshana prati tankara soral ebong sorlean samajabadaku anusarana karithile, jetebele shay 1909 ray mourasanku prashansa karithile ebong francer abichhedya jatijatabada prati sahanubhuti pradarshan karithile. charles maurasa jeun nibedana upasthapana karithile taaha thila burjua ganatantra, gyaana, ebong "ehara udarabada, ehara byaktibada, ebong byaktibisheshanka samasti bhabare samajaku ehara dharana biruddhare tankara jatijatabadi abhimukhya ."ehi dhaara jaari rahithila ebong 1911 masiha suddha, biplabee sanghabadimane sweekara karithile je duiti gurutwapurna birodhi rajanaitika dhaara ekathi hoi" eka nutan rastrabada ebong biplabee samajabada "srusti karithila."ehi samanwaja sheshare italiah fasibadara eka pramukh diga bhabare ubha hoithila, jeunthare musolini nije sweekara karithileh" mun jaahaa, mun duhkhita heba paain runee ."fasibad upare jane agrani bisheshagya bhabe bibechita israelara aitihasika jibh sternhell drudhatara saha kahithile je deshapremahina rastrabada sahita cindicalismra ehi ekikarana eka kaaran thila je kahinki" italiah biplabee cindicalism fascist bicharadharara merudanda palatithila." facist sindikalabada ebong utpadanabada. musolini prathame fascisim shabdaku cindicalism sahita upasthapana karithile, 1920 dashkar prarambhare mantabya deithile je "fascist cindicalism jatiah ebong utpadanasheela ..... eka jatiah samajare jeunthire shrama eka ananda, garbara bishai ebong sambhranta barganka paain eka upadhi hoijae."adhikansha italiah sangheejabadee samajika biplabaku" "unnat utpadakata" "pradan kariba paain druta paribartanara eka madhyama bhabare dekhuthile, ebong jadi ehi arthika prachurya ghatibare biphal hue, tebe kaunasi arthapurna samajika paribartana hoipariba naahin. utpadanabada" rahr gurutwa prati sindikalistamananka dwara gurutwa moolatah 1907 ray soral dwara arambha karajaithila, jie jukti karithile je "marx bibechana karanti je utpadanakareenka eka sarbahara berg dwara eka biplaba jeunmane [hassel karichanti] arthika khyamata ."jetebele carlo cafero italiah bhasare punjira prarambhika parimana paain eka sangraha prastuta karithile, marx taanka sahakarmeenku maneh pakai deithile je" "sarbahara shrenira mukti paain aabasyaka bhautika paristhiti" "nischita bhabare" "punjibadara bikash dwara swatahprabrutta bhabare utpanna heba aabasyaka (" "dayne gyang derr capitalisticen utpadana" ")." rushiah gruhajudhara samapti ebong juddha kamyunijamaru paribartana parey facist sindikalistamananka madhyare utpadanabada siddhantara samarthan brudhi paithila, jeunthire uccha bekari ebong epari paribesha dekhibaku milithila, jeunthare "adhikansha karkhana ebong karkhana ataki rahithila; khani ebong koila bhandaragudika dhwansa hoijaithila ebong banya paristhiti srusti hoithila." nutan arthanaitika neeti (nape) prachalan parey, italiah sindikalistamane orthodox marxbadaru ahuri doorare chaligale, paribartita samai sahita khap khuaiba ebong ehara rananaitika lakhyaku utsahita kariba paain ehaaku sanshodhana karibaku sthira kale . semane jukti karithile je rushiah bolsevikmane arthika drustiru pachua paribesha madhyare eka samajika biplaba pratistha karibara bipada bishajare engelnka 1850 rahr chetabaniku palana karibare biphal hoithile. ehi prabanata sobhieta rushiaara arthika asusthatara aneka barsha purbaru ubha hoithila, jaahaa adhikansha italiah sindikalistamananku truti ebong durbalata atikrama karibaku prabartaithila jaahaa semane biswasa karuthile je semane orthodox marksijamare paithile."sidhasalakha karjyanusthana dwara utpadana madhyama upare sramika nijantrana aaniba paain bikashita, cindicalismra buddhijeebeemane anubhaba karithile je italyra adim arthaneeti samaj paain samanata kimba prachurjaku sahaja karipariba naahin. burjuamananka dwara bikashita eka paripakwa shilpa bina, semane bujhiparile je eka saphala samajika biplaba paain "shrenihin" biplabeemananka samarthan aabasyaka. musolini, italiah cindicalist, jatijatabadi ebong bhabishyatabadeemananka sahita jukti karithile je sehi biplabeemane fascist hebe, marxbadi kimba anya kaunasi bicharadhara nuhen. musolini ebong anya cindicalist tatwabitnka matare, fascisim "sarbahara rastragudikara samajabada" heba.'" facist sindikalistamane madhya kebala eka punahbantanakaree arthanaitika dhancha pratistha kariba paribarte utpadana brudhi karibara bichara byasta hoigale . italiah fascisim ebong cindicalism rahr jane pramukh tatwabit sargio panunjio biswasa karuthile je sindikalistamane bitaranabadeenka paribarte prajojaka thile. bolsevikmane semananka arthabyabasthara parichalanaku samalochana curry panunjio ehaa madhya drudhokti prakash karithile je rushiah sobhieta rastra "sarbahara" berg upare eka "ekachhatrabada" ray parinata hoichhi, sarbahara "shrenira nuhen." rosoni ebong fascist sindikalistamane. jetebele rosoni december 1922 ray facist cindical corporessionera sadharana confederationer secretary-general bhabare manoneet hoithile, anya italiah sindikalistamane "rajanaitika dhancha nirmana ebong punargathana kariba" uddeshyare "facist cindicalism" catchfrase ku nischita karibaku arambha karithile..... rajya ebong shrama mishran madhyamare."rosoni ebong taanka facist cindicalist kyadaranku shighra" "ugrabadi kimba bamapanthi upadan" "bhabare bibechana karajaithila, jeunmane" "shramikamananka arthika swartha rakhya karibaku ebong semanankara shreni chetanaku sanrakhita karibaku chesta karithile."rosoni arthabyabasthare eka samuhika swartha srusti karibaku prayasa karithile, jaahaa nijuktidatamananku facist shrunkhala adheenare rakhiba ebong shramikamananku arthika nishpatti neba paain adhika gurutwapurna bhumika pradan kariba. fasibadi rastrara moulika biplabee diga nirdharana kariba prajasare, rosoni jukti karithile je fasibadi sindikalabada agrabhagare rahiba uchita, musolininka "eal popolo dii 'italia" khabarakagajare ghoshana karithile je "kebala fasibadi syndicate ehi biplabaku sampurna karipariba."nijara prarambhika punjibada birodhi bitarkare rosoni daabi karithile je punjibada" "utpadanaku prostahita kariba ebong bikashita kariba paribarte ehaaku durbala ebong batil karideithila" "ebong shilpapatimane" "udaseena, nishkriya ebong agya thile." 1923 masiha prarambha suddha shilpapati ebong karkhana malikamane fasibadi sindikalistamananka dwara byabasajee sampradai ebong punjibada upare moukhika aakraman dwara bhajabhita hoijaithile, jaahaa semananka madhyaru anekanku ashcharjya karibaku prabartaithila je "fasistmananka birodhare ladhiba paain communistmananku tanka deba bartamana buddhimanara karjya!"jetebele ehi abirata aakraman jaari rahithila, 1926 masiha suddha rosoni taanka abhijogare atala thile, jeunthire shilpapatimananku" "raktapishachi" "ebong" "labhabana" "bhabe darshajaithila. rosoni kebala budd shilpapatimananku semanankara samuhika lobha paain target karinathile, barang "chhot dokanimananka aakramanatmaka lobha" biruddhare tankara samalochana upare madhya dhyana kendrit karithile. keteka khetrare, rosoninka shrama-samarthaka abhimukhya shilpapatimananku chintita karithila kaaran marksnka "itihasara gatishila niam" rahr tankara darshanika byakhya tanku karakhanagudikare shramikamananka nijantranara sambhabyataku samarthan karibaku prerita karithila. shay jukti karithile je shilpapatimankara semananka padabee grahan karibara eka baidha adhikara achhi, kintu kebala "nutan syndicate ray sangathita shramikamane, command neba paain aabasyaka dakhyatare nipuna heba parjyanta ." 1925 masiha prarambhare eka-daleeja ekachhatrabada pratistha kariba purbaru ebong parey, facist sindikalistamananka nijuktidatanka prati shatruta musolininka shasson paain rajanaitika samasya srusti karithila, kintu bibada satwe, rosoni 1928 masihare istafa debaku badhya heba parjyanta taanka padabeere rahithile, sambhabatah taanka praiah 30 lakhya-shaktishali union sadasyata upare bhaja karanaru jaahaa jatiah facist party sadasyataku bahu adhika atikrama karithila. jadio alfredo rokkonka cindical ine adheenare 1926 masiha april 3 tarikh parjyanta italyre swadheena sramika sanghgudikara jatijakarana karajai nathila, 1922 masiha suddha facist syndicates samajabadi ebong catholic sramika sangathanagudika paain eka pramukh nijukti pratidwandee palati jaithile."1920 masiha suddha aai. dii. 1. ru adhika sadasyanka sadasyata hassel kariba parey, swadheena sadharana shrama sangha 2022 masiha madhyabhaga suddha 400,000 sadasyanku hrass paithila. anya sanghagudika madhya sete kharap pradarshan karithile. 1921 masihare "popolary" rahr catholic sindiketgudikara 12 lakhya sadasya thile, kintu 1922 masiha shesh bhaga suddha ehaa 540,000ku hrass paithila. tathapi, rosoninku musolininka prashasanare jane mulyabana neta bhabare bibechana karajaithila, ebong shay 1930-1943 ebong anyanya uccha padabeeru grand council off fascisim rahr sadasya hoithile. fasibadi sindiketgudikare bardhita sadasyata 1920 dashkar prarambhare dirgha karkhana dharmaghata samajare ghatithiba abanatishila arthanaitika paristhiti karanaru srusti hoithila, jahara netrutwa biplabee samajabadimane neithile. adhikruta karakhanagudika arthika samasya, majuri deba paain nagad arthara abhaba ebong utpadakata starare hrasara sammukheen hoithile."jetebele karakhanara shramikamane karakhanagudiku parityaga kariba arambha kale, shramikamananku semananka karjyasthalare rakhiba paain" "redd gard" "nijojita hoithile, keteka khetrare shramikamananku" "hinsara dhamakare kaama karibaku badhya karithile."facist union sangathanagudikara saphalatare jaahaa madhya yogdan deithila taaha thila facist party sahita semanankara drudha sambandha, eka neeti jaahaa italiah samajabadi dala ebong anyanya shrama sangha dwara grahan karajai nathila. adhika madhyamapanthi thaaru arambha curry ugrabadi parjyanta fascist sindikalismara aneka prakara thila . adhika ugrabadi fasibadi sanghabadeemananka madhyaru jane thile darshanika ugo spirito. bamapanthi fasibadi" bhabe bibechita, spirito eka lokaprijabadee prakarara "karporetivisma" paain sangharshaku samarthan karithile, eka prakarara malikana nigama jaahaa "abanchhita arthanaitika kendrikaran bina samuhika malikanara baisistya" pradan karithila." rosoninka byatita, sargio panunjio ebong aii. oh. alibhettiku "sabutharu susangata" italiah cindicalist bhabare bibechana karajauthila, jeunmane aitihasikamananka dwara "facist baama" bhabare bargeekruta hoichhanti. semane fasibada ebong cindicalist bicharadharaku sansadeeah udarabadara bikalpa bhabare chinhat karithile jaahaa sramika ebong sadharana lokanka swarthaku aagaku badhaiba sahita arthabyabasthara adhunikeekarana kariba ." rosoninka matare, utpadanakareenka madhyare "arthika nyaaja ebong samajika ekataa" ku prostahita kariba paain nigamagudiku sarbottama anusthana bhabare bibechana karajauthila. eka facist trade union confederation (krushi sramika) rahr netrutwa neuthiba luigi rajo bhabile je arthabyabastha sangathanagudika facist shasson paain sabutharu gurutwapurna rajanaitika upadanaku pratinidhitwa karanti kaaran semane shramikamananku nishpatti nebare eka gambhira bhumika pradan karibe-bisesh curry arthabyabasthaku nijantrana karibare ." ehi "phasos corporativisim" madhyamare, prakruta arthanaitika rastra pakhare nijaku shasson karibara madhyama rahiba kaaran arthaneeti ebong rajneeti eka abhisaran aadaku agrasara heuthila. rajneeti ebong arthabyabasthara ehi ekikarana adhikansha fasibadi sindikalistamananka paain "baama-fasibadi dharanara moola" thila, jeunmane phyasibadaku eka rajanaitika bichara ebong neeti bhabare samarthan karithile, kintu eka arthanaitika byabastha bhabare nuhen . fasibadi rajyara karttabya thila utpadana ebong arthanaitika karjyakalapaku shrunkhalita kariba, jaahaa arthanaitika gosthi ebong samuhika swartha adheenare sangathita hoithila, ebong arthaneetiku aau nijaswa bhabare karjya karibaku anumathi nathila . musolini ebong taanka fasibadi shasson. prakruta majureere hrasaku banda kariba, 40-ghanta saptaha bajaiah rakhiba ebong eka nutan "shrama charter" srusti kariba paain musolini rosoninka prajasare pratikrijasheela thile jaahaa shramikanka adikarara guaranti deba paain facist shrama aainaku sampurna kariba, jahara phalaswaroopa shrama paain aspasta laabh hoithila . kintu ateetare samaana shrama-samarthaka aabhimukhyare musolini adhika shaktishali thile. 1919 masihare dalminer franchise ee gregorini dhatubidyuta karakhanare 'union italiana dayle lavoro' (uil) dharmaghatare shay shramikamananka karakhanagudikara dakhalaku samarthan karithile. semananku "srujanashila dharmaghata" bolly abhihita curry musolini jore dei kahithile je shramikamankara karkhana malikamananka sahita "samanata" rahr adhikara rahichhi ebong ehaaku hassel kariba paain dharmaghatare samil hebara adhikara rahichhi. tankara mukhya chetabani thila je dharmaghata utpadanare baadha srusti kariba uchita nuhen, ebong shramikamane utpadana prakrijare samaana bhabare anshagrahana karibaku ichha ebong dharmaghata anusaranare dajitwa nirbaha karibara dakhyata ubhaja darshanti . shreni sahajogaku bajaiah rakhiba paain musolininka sarkari neeti satwe, italyre "baama karporetabadee" maane shreni parthakyaku anibarjya bhabare dekhuthile, biswasa karuthile je jadi corporation prakrutare shramikamananku samil karibaku hue tebe shreni aadharita sangathanagudika aabasyaka . musolini anya eka digare jibaku nishpatti neithile, 1917 masiha shesh suddha ehi siddhantare upneet hoithile je shilpa drustiru pachua rastragudikara biplabeemananka paain orthodox marxism mukhyatah aprasangika thila. musolini ebong fasibadi buddhijeebeemane jukti karithile je jadi burjua berg semanankara aitihasika dajitwa purana curry pariba naahin ebong eka deshar shilpa bhittibhumiku aagaku badhaipariba naahin, tebe ehi karjyaku lokpriya janasadharana ebong abhijata agradootanka nikataku pathaibaku padiba, jaahaa swasaruddha berg ebong burjua berg utpadakanka madhyamare sampradayara utpadanakhyama samarthyaku seba deba paain shreni sahjog prati pratibaddhata aabasyaka kariba . musolini bargamananka madhyare ehi sahajogaku eka nutan ganatantra bhabe barnana karithile-"utpadanakhyama bargamanankara eka buddhimana ebong sachchot shasson."berg sangram prati musolininka birodha marksbadi sanskaraka ebong samajika ganatantrabadeenka purba bhabanaku pratidhwanita karithila, jeunthire edward bernstein madhya samil thile, jie kahithile je" samajabadimananku shreni sangharsha ebong biplaba paribarte sahjog ebong bibartana upare gurutwa debaku padiba." keteka jukti karanti je "musolininka sudoora-bamapanthi sanghabada" 1922 masiha suddha fasibadara eka nutan sanshodhana janma dei gabriel dii 'annunjore sudoora-dakhinapanthi rastrabada sahita mishi jaithila. anyamane daabi karanti je 1921 masiha shesh parjyanta, musolini trade junianabadaku samarthan karibara bamapanthi parampra prati biswasta thiba bhabare nijara sunam bajaiah rakhiba prajasare italiah facisgudikara naama paribartana curry "facist leber party" karibaku pasanda karithile, bisesh curry jadi shay ebong taanka facist netamane sadharana shrama sangha (sii. jii. ell.) rahr samarthan hassel kariparibe. musolini truteeja fascist congress (navember) ray samajabadimananka sahita tankara prastabita shrama mentaku parityaga karithile. 7-10,1921) biplabee samajabadi ebong sramika sanghgudikara shaktiku hrass karibaku prayasa karithiba hinsatmaka squadrist militiamananku santusta kariba paain eka bujhamana dhangare. tathapi, 1934 masiha suddha, musolini nijara aneka bajaara-paripakwata sthitiku badalaiba arambha karithile ebong shay italiah arthabyabasthara tini chaturthangshaku "rajya haatare" rakhithiba nei garba karithile. shilpa jagataku bipula parimanara runa deithiba agrani byankagudiku 1930 dashkar prarambhare uddhara karibaku padithila, jepari aneka budd shilpa company karithile. duiti nutan sarkari holding company, italiah shilpa finances institute (istituto mobilijere italiano; ee. emm. aai.) ebong shilpa punargathana pratisthana (istituto purr laa recostrugion industrial; aai. aarr. aai.), biphal sansthagudiku uddhara kariba ebong nutan shilpa nibesh paain punji pradan kariba paain pratistha karajaithila; semane talimprapta manager ebong prabhabasali arthika tadarakh madhya pradan karithile. ehipari italy eka bishala, rajya netrutwadheena shilpa khetra hassel karithila, jaahaa byankinga, ispat, jahaz chalachala, astrashastra ebong jalabidyuta joganare bisesh bhabare gurutwapurna thila . tebe, ehi sansthagudikara jatijakarana karajai nathila. ehaa paribarte, semane gharoi company bhabare bajaarare karjya karuthile ebong tathapi aneka gharoi anshidara thile . 1943 masihare uttara italyre najimananka paain eka putul sarkar bhabe seemita rahiba parey, musolini italiah samajika ganarajya adheenare "samajikikarana" ku prostahita karithile. 1944 masiha prarambhare, musolininka "samajikikarana ine" silpara jatijakarana paain aahwana karithila jaahaa eka neeti anusarana kariba jeunthare "shramikamane karkhana ebong byabasai parichalanare anshagrahana karibe."

fashiwadi sindikalvad fashiwadi sindikalvad (rashtari sindikalvad naal sabandhat) ikk vaparak syndicate andolan see ("syndicate" daa arth franch witch trade union haii) joe dooje vishav yuddh toon pahilan dey inqalabi sindikalvad andolan dee utpati toon bahr nikliaa see jiss dee agvai ziaadaatar admando rosni, sergio panunzio, aii. ou. olivity, michel biaanchi, elste dee ambris, paolo orano, masimo rakka atey guido pigheti, georges goral dey prabhav heth, jiss noon sindikalvad daa 'metaphysician' manniaa jaanda see. fashiwadi syndicalist fashivad dey horr roopan toon iss gall witch vakkhre sunn kii uh aam taur utte varag sanghrash, mazdoor-niyantrit faiktariaan atey udyogpatiaan pratee vair daa pakkh lainde sunn, jiss naal itihaskar unhan noon "khabepakhi fashiwadi aadarshvadiaan" vajon darsaunde hunn joe "sajje fashivadiyan toon bahut vakkhre sunn."aam taur utte itali witch vadhere kattadpanthi fashiwadi syndiclistan vicchon ikk manniaa jaanda haii, rosni" "fashiwadi sindikalvad daa pramukh numainda see., atey rashtarvad noon "varag sanghrash" naal joden dee koshish keeti. inqalabi sindikalvad toon rashtari sindikalvad takk. kaee vaar inqalabi sindikalvad daa "pitaa" jaan ghatto ghatt "franch syndiclistan witch pramukh shakhsiat" manne jaande, georges goral neey sansadi partiaan atey rajneeti dey bhrishtachar dey prabhav daa mukabala curran laee attvad trade unionvad daa samarthan keeta, bhaven kii vidhaik spasht taur 'teey samajwadi sunn. ikk francisi marxist vajon jiss neey 1920 dey dahake dey arambh witch lanin, bolshevism atey musolini daa samarthan keeta, coral neey varag sanghrash witch prolarity dey udesh noon utshahit keeta, atey "vinashkari dharuvikaran" joe kii smajik mith-nirman duaara paida hovega. sindikalvad daa udesh poonjivad noon khatam curran laee hadtalan daa ayojan karna see; iss noon raaj samajwad naal tabdil karna naheen, balki mazdoor-varag dey utpadakan dey samaaj daa nirman karna see. iss gall noon "sachmuch sacch" markswad manniaa jaanda haii. aapni 1908 dee kitaab, "hinsa utte pratibimb" witch, coral neey hinsk vidrohan witch mazdooran noon sangathit curran dee koshish dey roop witch "syndicates" noon jaaiz thahiraiaa, taan joe mazdooran noon hinsa deeaan karvaiaan toon sharminda naa honn laee manaiaa jaa sake, atey ih kii unhan noon "rajneeti, gantantar atey desh bhagti" dee ninda curney chahidi haii. iss sankhep arth witch, markaswadi varag sanghrash naal judee hinsa noon vadhiaa, bahadari atey "sabhiata dey anadik hitt" dee seva vajon darsaiaa jaa sakda haii. bahut saare european samajwadi inqalabi syndiclistan dey rainkan witch shamal hoow gaye, jinhan witch benito musolini vee shamal see, jiss neey daava keeta see kii uh 1904 takk inqalabi sindikalvad dey sahmane aaa giaa see, ih havala dinde hoye kii ih ikk aam hadtal dauran hoiaa see, halanki uh pahilan sindikalvad naal jude hoye sunn. 1909 takk, samajwadi sansad memberan deeaan samjhauta curran valiaan nitiaan, jamhuri samajwad vall andolan atey prolevariate dey patan toon dukhi hoow gaye joe "bhaari aarthik laabhan dey miraj" toon lubhaye gaye sunn. coral dee raae witch, proley jamaat naa taan inqalabi tabdili deeaan uss deeaan umeedan daa jawab dey rahee see atey naa hii maarak dey "shandar mahankavi" dey supniaan daa. markswad dey iss mudd mulankan neey coral noon benedetto cross dey iss kahawat noon apnaun laee prerit keeta kii "samajwad marr giaa haii."iss arse dauran, samajwad baare coral deeaan bahut saariaan aalochnavan atey likhtan" "marxism dey dunghe sankat" "dey jawab witch sunn.jitthe uh antonio labriola dey anusar, utshah naal iss baare viaakhiaa karda haii atey iss sankat noon samajwad witch badal dinda haii." markswad dee akhandta atey baudhikta vigaad rahee see, atey "bahadripuran prolarity" jaan taan gair-maujood jaapadi see jaan "burjuazi wang upyogitavad duaara bahut ziaada bhrat dikhai ditti gaee see."sangeet dey anusar, jamhuri-gantantar sarkaran dee shakti mazdoor varag dee inqalabi pahilkadmi noon kamzor qarr rahee see jiss neey uss noon rashtarvad samet horr vikalpan dee bhaal curran laee majbur keeta, parr kise vee rajtantar toon rahit. samajwad dey iss sankat noon hall curran laee, sangeet ikk kattadpanthi rashtarvad noon shamal curran vaale loktantri-virodhi samajwad vall mudiaa, jadon kii ajey vee mazdoor-malkiat valiaan faiktariaan dey aapne samarthan noon barkarar rakkhiaa, parr ikk vidhirti markswad dey tehat iss dey "bhautikvadi atey taraksheel tatt" toon vakkh hoow giaa. sann 1909 witch, coral neey itali witch inqalabi sindikalvad dey ikk prabhavshali rasala, enrico leone dey "ill divinier soshal" witch ikk lekh prakashit keeta, jiss noon baad witch charles mauras duaara "aill action frankise" witch "antiparlimentary samajwadi" sirlekh witch dubara chhapiaa giaa atey champion keeta giaa. rashtariata atey sindikalvad vall vadhan vaala pahila viakati gall naheen see. 1902 toon 1910 dey saalan dauran italvi inqalabi syndiclistan dey ikk cauder neey italvi rashtarvad noon sindikalvad naal joden dey mission dee shuruat keeti see. uh baad witch "fashiwadi andolan dey sansthapak" bann gaye atey musolini dey shasan witch "pramukh ahudiaan" teey rahey. aam taur utte, italvi sindikalvad ant witch pahile vishav yuddh dauran atey 1918 dey yudhviram toon baad dey mahiniaan dauran rashtari sindikalvad witch ikjutt hoow giaa. mauras neey coral dey samarthan daa suagat keeta kii uh doven francisi samajwad dey "loktantrikaran" vall aapni jaldbazi witch koee vaapsee naa honn dey raah utte pahunchan, ikk shaktishali smajik loktantar andolan witch ikjutt honn baare chintat sunn. maurasan laee, samajwad dee shudhta noon loktantar dey lalch duaara fadey jaanh toon parhez karna piaa, ih ailaan karde hoye kii "loktantri atey vishwaviaapi tatt toon mukat samajwad rashtarvad dey anukool haii atey naal hii ikk changi tarahan banaiaa dastane ikk sunder hatth dey anukool haii."parr iss samein dauran bahut saare european samajwadiaan laee ajihe vichaar asdharan naheen sunn, jiven kii philip buchez atey ferdinand laasal, jinhan neey" loktantar noon nafrat keeti atey rashter noon uccha keeta."loktantar pratee uss dee nafrat dey caarn, sanghvadiaan atey syndiclistan neey rajneetik partiaan atey jamhuri sansthavan dey naal-naal" prolayerate dee markaswadi tanashahi "noon radd qarr ditta, parr loktantar atey chonhan dey virodh witch kaaral marks dey pratee faraz nibhaunde rahey. iss toon pahilan, marks neey savikar keeta see kii 1848 dee kranti witch uss deeaan inqalabi gatividhiaan "loktantar virudh jung dee yojna toon ilava horr kujh naheen sunn." markswad noon bachaun dee koshish witch, garal lokpriyata atey rashtarvad dey sanshleshan vall khichiaa giaa jiss witch "yahudi-virodhi daa sabh toon bhadda" vee shamal see. iss samein takk, coral atey horr syndicalist iss sitte 'teey pahunche kii prolatory hinsa beyasar see kiunki "prolateria aapni inqalabi bhumika noon poora curran witch asamrath see", ikk ajiha mulankan jiss neey bahut saare lokan noon rashter-raaj noon ikk prolateria adharat samaaj dee sathapana laee sabh toon vadhiaa saadhan vajon vekhan laee raazi keeta, joe baad witch prolaterian rashtarvad dey fashiwadi sankalap witch shamal hoow giaa. bahut saare inqalabi syndiclistan neey maurasan dee parshansa curran atey 1909 witch franch attutt rashtarvad pratee aapni hamdardi pradarshit curran toon baad ikk kattadpanthi rashtarvad dey lalch vall uhanan dey goral atey uhanan dey gorlian samajwad daa paalan keeta. charles mauras neey joe apeel pesh keeti uh burjua loktantar, giaan atey "iss dey udarvad, iss dey viaktigatvad atey viaktiaan dey samooh dey roop witch samaaj dee iss dee dharna dey virudh uhanan dee rashtarvadi pahunch see."ih rujhan jaari riha atey 1911 takk, inqalabi syndiclistan neey savikar qarr liaa see kii doou mahattavpuran virodhi rajneetak dharavan ikkathiaan hoow gaeeaan sunn, jiss naal ikk navaan rashtarvad atey inqalabi samajwad paida hoiaa see."ih ekta aakharkar italvi fashivad dey ikk pramukh pahilu vajon sahmane aaee, jitthe musolini neey khud savikar keetaau" main joe haan, main uss dey laee zimmevar haan."fashivad dey ikk pramukh mahr manne jaanh vaale israeli itihaskar zeev sternhell neey zor dey keey kiha kii gair-desh bhagti rashtarvad dey naal sindikalvad daa ih ekikaran ikk kaarak see kii" italvi inqalabi sindikalvad fashiwadi vichardhara dee reedh dee haddi kiun bann giaa." fashiwadi sindikalvad atey utpadakta. musolini uhanan pahile lokan vicchon ikk see jinhan neey 1920 dey dahake dey arambh witch sindikalvad dey naal fashivad vakansh noon pesh keeta see, jiss witch kiha giaa see kii "fashiwadi sindikalvad rashtari atey utpadak haii... ikk ajihe rashtari samaaj witch jiss witch mihnat ikk khushi, maann daa visha atey kulinata laee ikk khitaab bann jaandi haii."ziaadaatar italvi syndicalist smajik kranti noon" uttam utpadakta "pardan curran laee tezi naal tabdili dey saadhan vajon dekhde sunn, atey jey ih aarthik bharpurta vaparan witch asfal rahee, taan koee saarthak smajik tabdili naheen hoow sakadi. syndiclistan duaara "utpadakta" dey mahattav vall zor asal witch 1907 witch coral duaara shuru keeta giaa see, jinhan neey daleel ditti see kii "marks mannada haii kii utpadakan dee ikk prolayerate duaara ikk kranti jinhan neey aarthik samratha prapat keeti haii."jadon carlo cafero neey italvi witch poonji dee shuruati matra laee ikk sangrah vikast keeta, taan marks neey aapne sehyogi noon yaad karvaiaa kii" "proletri jamaat dee mukti laee zaruri padarthak sathitiaan" "poonjivad dey vikas duaara aapne aap paida honiaan chahidiaan hunn (" "daena gaing dair capitalischen production" ")." russie gharelu yuddh dee samapati atey yuddh communism toon tabdili toon baad fashiwadi syndiclistan witch utpadakta dey sidhant daa samarthan vadhiaa atey ucch beruzgari atey ikk ajiha vatavaran dikhaiaa jitthe "ziaadaatar millan atey faiktariaan thhapp sunn; khanan atey colla khanan tabah hoow gaeeaan sunn atey hadah aaa gaye sunn." naveen aarthik neeti (ainn. ee. pee.) dee shuruat toon baad, italvi syndiclistan neey orthodox markswad toon horr door jaanha jaari rakkhiaa, iss noon badalde samein dey anukool banaun atey iss dey rannitak teechiaan noon utshahit curran laee sodhan daa pakka irada keeta. uhanan neey daleel ditti kii russie bolshevik aarthik taur utte pachhde vatavaran witch ikk smajik kranti sathapat curran dee koshish dey khatriaan baare ingles dee 1850 dee chetavani dee palna curran witch asfal rahey sunn. ih tabdili soviat roos dee aarthik bimari toon kaee saal pahilan ubbhari see, jiss neey ziaadaatar italvi syndiclistan noon uhanan galtiaan atey kamiaan noon paar curran laee prerit keeta joe uhanan daa mannana see kii uhanan noon orthodox markswad witch miliaan hunn."siddhi karvai duaara utpadan dey sadhanan utte mazdoor niyantaran liaun laee vikast, sindikalvad dey budhijiviaan noon ahsas hoiaa kii itali dee aarambhik arthvivastha naa taan samanta dee sahulat dey sakadi haii atey naa hii samaaj laee bharpurta. burjua duaara vikast keete gaye ikk paripakk udyog toon binan, uh ih samjhan lagge kii ikk safal smajik kranti laee "vargaheen" krantikariaan dey samarthan dee zaroorat hundi haii. musolini neey italvi syndiclistan, rashtarvadiaan atey bhavikhvadiaan dey naal daleel ditti kii uh inqalabi fashiwadi honge, naa kii markaswadi jaan koee horr vichardhara. musolini atey horr syndicalist sidhantkaran dey anusar, fashivad "prolehri rashtaran daa samajwad" hovega.'" fashiwadi syndicalist vee siraf ikk mudd vandd aarthik dhanche dee sathapana curran dee bajaae utpadan vadhaun dey vichaar witch rujhe hoye sunn. italvi fashivad atey sindikalvad dey ikk pramukh sidhantak, sergio panunzio daa mannana see kii syndicalist vandvadiaan dee bajaae nirmata sunn. bolshevikan vallon aapni arthvivastha noon sambhalan dee aapni alochna witch, panunzio neey ih vee zor dey keey kiha kii russie soviat raaj prolarity utte "tanashahi" bann giaa haii, naa kii prolarity utte." rosni atey fashiwadi syndicalist. jadon rosni noon dasambar 1922 witch fashiwadi syndical corporationan dey general confederation dey sakattar-general vajon chunhiaa giaa see, taan horr italvi syndiclistan neey "rajneetik dhanche dey nirman atey punargathan dey aapne udesh witch" fashiwadi sindikalvad "dey mukkh vakansh dee pushti curney shuru qarr ditti... raaj atey mihnat dey sanshleshan duaara."rosni atey uss dey fashiwadi syndicalist cauder noon jaldi hii "kattadpanthi jaan khabepakhi tatt" manniaa giaa, jinhan neey mazdooran dey aarthik hittan dee rakkhiaa curran atey unhan dee varag chetna noon surakhiat rakkhan dee koshish keeti."rosni neey" "arthvivastha witch samoohak hitt" "banaun dee koshish keeti, joe malkan noon faashi anushasana dey adheen karega atey mazdooran noon aarthik faisle lainn witch vadhere mahattavpuran bhumika pardan karega. fashiwadi raaj dee buniaadi inqalabi disha nirdharat curran dee koshish witch, rosni neey daleel ditti kii fashiwadi sindikalvad sabh toon agge honaa chahida haii, musolini dey "ill popolo dee 'italia" akhbar witch ailaan keeta kii "siraf fashiwadi syndicate hii inqalaab noon poora qarr sakde hunn."aapne shuruati poonjivad virodhi vivadan witch, rosni neey daava keeta kii poonjivad neey" "utpadan noon utshahit curran atey vikast curran dee bajaae iss noon udas atey radd qarr ditta" "atey ih kii udyogpati" "udaseen, paisiv atey anjaan sunn." 1923 dey arambh takk udyogpati atey factory maalak fashiwadi syndiclistan dey vaparak bhaichare atey poonjivad utte zubani hamliaan toon chintat hoow rahey sunn, jiss naal unhan vicchon bahut saare hairan hoow gaye kii qee "hunn fashivadiyan naal luddon laee communistan noon bhugtan karna budhiman haii!"jiven hii nirantar hamla jaari riha, rosni 1926 takk aapne doshan witch dridh see jiss witch udyogpatiaan noon" "pishach" "atey" "munafakhori curran valiaan" "vajon darsaiaa giaa see. rosni neey naa siraf vadde udyogpatiaan noon unhan dey samoohak lalch laee nishana banaiaa, balki "chhote dukandar dey hamlawar lalch" virudh aapniaan aalochnavan noon vee kendrit keeta. kujh mamlian witch, rosni dey mazdoor pakkhi rukh neey marks dey "itihaas dey gatishil kanoon" dee uss dee darshnik viaakhiaa caarn udyogpatiaan noon chintat keeta, jiss naal uh faiktariaan utte mazdooran dey niyantaran dee sambhavna daa samarthan curran laee prerit hoiaa. unhan daleel ditti kii udyogpatiaan noon aapne ahude sambhalan daa jaaiz adhikar haii, parr udon takk jadon takk kii "navein syndicate witch sangathit mazdooran neey command lainn laee lodindi yogta witch muharat haasal naheen keeti see." malkan pratee fashiwadi syndiclistan dee vairta neey 1925 dey shuru witch ikk-party tanashahi dee sathapana toon pahilan atey baad witch musolini dey shasan laee rajneetik samassiaavan paida keetiaan. parr vivadan dey bavjood, rosni neey 1928 witch aapne ahude utte kaaim riha, shayed aapni lagbhag 30 lakkh-mazboot union membership dey darr caarn joe rashtari fashiwadi party dee membership noon bahut paar qarr gaee see. halanki itali witch sutantar mazdoor unionan daa rashtarikaran 3 aprail, 1926 takk alfredo roco dey syndical kanoonan dey tehat naheen keeta giaa see, parr 1922 takk fashiwadi syndicate samajwadi atey catholic mazdoor sangathanan laee ikk pramukh bharti pratiyogi bann gaye sunn."1920 takk 2,000,000 toon vaddh memberan dee membership takk pahunchan toon baad, sutantar general confederation aaf laber noon 1922 dey maddh takk 400,000 memberan takk ghataa ditta giaa see. horr unionan neey ona hii maada pardarshan keeta. 1921 witch "popolari" dey catholic syndicate dey 12 lakkh member sunn, parr 1922 dey akheer takk ih ghatt keey 540,000 rahi giaa see. firr vee, rosni noon musolini dey parshasana witch ikk keemati neta manniaa jaanda see, jiss naal uh aaee. dee. 1 toon fashivad dee grand consul atey horr ucch ahudiaan daa member bann giaa. fashiwadi syndicates witch vadhee hoee membership daa ziaadaatar hissa 1920 dey dahake dey arambh witch lambiaan factory hadtalan dauran ghatiaan aarthik sathitiaan toon paida hoiaa see, jiss dee agvai inqalabi samajwadiaan neey keeti see. kabze valiaan faiktariaan noon vitti samassiaavan, tankhahan daa bhugtan curran laee nakdi dee ghaat atey utpadakta dey paddhar witch girawat daa sahmana karna piaa."jadon factory mazdooran neey faiktariaan chaddniaan shuru qarr dittiaan, taan mazdooran noon unhan dey kaaraj sathanan 'teey rakkhan laee" laal gaard "niyukat keete gaye sunn, kujh mamlian witch mazdooran noon" hinsa dey khatre witch kamm curran laee majbur keeta giaa."fashiwadi union sangathanan dee safalta witch jiss cheez daa vee yogdan see uh see fashiwadi party naal unhan dee mazboot sambandh, ikk ajihi neeti jiss noon italian samajwadi party atey horr laber confederationan duaara naheen liaa giaa see. fashiwadi sindikalvad dey kaee roop sunn, jinhan witch vadhere madham toon lae keey kattadpanthi takk shamal sunn. vadhere kattadpanthi fashiwadi syndicalist vicchon ikk darshnik yugo spirtio see. khabbe fashiwadi" manne jaanh vaale, spirto neey ikk lokpriya kisam dey "corporatewad" laee sanghrash daa samarthan keeta, ikk kisam dee malkiat nigam jiss neey "anchahe aarthik kendrikaran toon binan samoohak malkiat deeaan visheshtavan pardan keetiaan." rosni toon ilava, sergio panunzio atey aii. ou. olivity noon "sabh toon anukool" italvi syndicalist manniaa jaanda see jinhan noon itihaskaran duaara "fashiwadi khabbe" vajon shrenibadh keeta giaa haii. unhan neey fashivad atey sindikalvadi vichardhara noon sansadi udarvad dey badal vajon pachaniaa taan joe mazdooran atey aam lokan dey hittan noon agge vadhaiaa jaa sake atey naal hii "arthvivastha daa aadhunikikaran keeta jaa sake." rostoni laee, corporationan noon utpadakan witch "aarthik niaan atey smajik ekta" noon utshahit curran laee sabh toon vadhiaa sansthavan vajon dekhiaa jaanda see. luigi razo, joe ikk fashiwadi trade union sangh (khetibadi mazdoor) dee agvai karde sunn, neey sochiaa kii aarthik sangathan faashi shasan laee sabh toon mahattavpuran rajneetik tatt dee numaindagi karde hunn kiunki uh mazdooran noon faisla lainn witch gambhir bhumika pardan karange-khaskar arthvivastha noon niyamat curran witch." iss "fasos corporatewad" raahin, sacche aarthik rashter cole aapne aap noon chalaun dey saadhan honge kiunki arth shastar atey rajneeti ikk talmel dey nede aaa gaye hunn. rajneeti atey arth shastar daa ih ekikaran ziaadaatar fashiwadi syndiclistan laee "khabbe pakkhi-fashiwadi dharna daa mool" see, jinhan neey fashivad noon ikk rajneetik vichaar atey sidhant vajon kaaim rakkhiaa, parr ikk aarthik pranali vajon naheen. fashiwadi raaj daa faraz utpadan atey aarthik gatividhiaan noon anushasit karna see, joe aarthik samoohan atey samoohak hittan dey tehat aayojit keetiaan jandiaan sunn, jadon kii arthvivastha noon aapne aap kamm curran dee aagiaa naheen ditti jaandi see. musolini atey uss daa fashiwadi shasan. musolini asal tankhahan witch katauti noon rokann, 40 ghante dey hafte noon kaaim rakkhan atey ikk navaan "laber charter" banaun dey aapne yatnan witch rosni pratee jawabdeh riha see joe mazdooran dey adhikaran dee grunty laee fashiwadi laber kanoon noon poora karega, jiss dey natije vajon laber laee aspasht laabh hoiaa. parr ateet witch musolini isey tarahan dey laber pakkhi pahunchan witch vadhere shaktishali riha see. 1919 witch "union italiana dell lavoro" (yuu. aaee. aill.) neey daal dee mitty witch "franchisee ee gregreeni" dhatu plant witch hadtal keeti, jiss witch usne mazdooran dey faiktariaan dey kabze daa samarthan keeta. uhanan noon "rachnatmak hadtalan" kahinde hoye, musolini neey zor dey keey kiha kii mazdooran noon factory malkan naal "samanta" daa adhikar haii, atey iss noon prapat curran laee hadtalan witch shamal honaa haii. unhan dee mukkh chetavani ih see kii hadtal naal utpadan witch vighan naheen paina chahida atey mazdoor utpadan prakiriaa witch barabar hissa lainn dee ichha atey hadtal dee pairavi witch zimmevariaan nibhaun dee yogta dovan noon darsaunde hunn. varag sahiyog noon kaaim rakkhan laee musolini dee adhikarat neeti dey bavjood, itali witch "khabbe pakkhi corporatevadiyan" neey varag dey matbhedan noon lazmi manniaa, ih manndiaan kii jey corporationan noon asal witch mazdooran noon shamal karna haii taan varag adharat sangathan zaruri hunn. musolini neey ikk horr disha witch agge vadhan daa faisla keeta see, 1917 dey akheer takk ih sitta kaddhiaa see kii orthodox markswad sanati taur 'teey pachhde deshan witch krantikariaan laee bahut hadd takk aprasangik see. musolini atey fashiwadi budhijiviaan neey tarak ditta kii jey burjuazi aapniaan itihasak zimmevariaan noon poora naheen qarr sakadi atey kise rashter dey udyog dey buniaadi dhanche noon agge naheen vadha sakadi, taan iss kamm noon prasidh janata atey kuleen mohariaan vall sutt denna pavega, jiss laee varag sahiyog pratee vachanbadhta dee zaroorat hovegi taan joe proleveriate atey burjuazi utpadakan raahin bhaichare dee utpadak samratha dee seva keeti jaa sake. musolini neey vargan darmiaan iss sahiyog noon ikk navein loktantar-"utpadak vargan daa ikk samajhdar atey imandar shasan" vajon darsaiaa."varag sanghrash daa musolini daa virodh markaswadi sudharkan atey smajik loktantarvadiaan dee purani bhavna noon goonjda haii, jiss witch edward bernstein vee shamal haii, jiss neey kiha kii" samajwadiaan noon varag sanghrash atey kranti dee bajaae sahiyog atey vikas utte zor denh dee zaroorat haii." kujh lokan daa kahina haii kii "musolini daa door-khabbe sindikalvad" gabriel dee 'anunzo dey door-sajje rashtarvad witch mill giaa see, jiss neey 1922 takk fashivad dee ikk naveen sodh noon janam ditta see. horr daava karde hunn kii 1921 dey akheer takk, musolini neey ajey vee vaparak sanghvad daa samarthan curran dee khabbe pakkhi parampra pratee vafadar honn dey roop witch aapni pratishtha noon barkarar rakkhan dee koshish witch italvi faasis daa naam badal keey "fashiwadi laber party" rakkhna pasand keeta, khaskar jey uh atey uss dey fashiwadi aagoo laber dey general confederation (see. jee. ail.) daa samarthan prapat qarr sakde sunn. musolini neey tiji fashiwadi congress (navv. 7-10,1921) inqalabi samajwadiaan atey mazdoor unionan dee shakti noon ghataun dee koshish curran vaale hinsk squadristy milicia noon khush curran laee sulha curran dey dhang naal. firr vee, 1934 takk, musolini neey aapni markeet-paripakta deeaan bahut saariaan sathitiaan noon ultauna shuru qarr ditta atey maann naal kiha kii usne italvi arthvivastha daa tinn-chauthai hissa "raaj dey hatthan" witch dey ditta haii. pramukh baink, jinhan neey udyog noon bhaari udhaar ditta see, noon 1930 dey dahake dey arambh witch bachaiaa jaanha piaa, jiven kii bahut saariaan vaddiaan udyogik companyan neey keeta see. doou naviaan sarkari holding companyan, italian industrial finance institute (Istituto monobiarie italiano; imi) atey institute phaar industrial reconstraction (Istituto per l ricostruzion industriale; iri), dee sathapana asfal farman noon bahr kaddhan atey navein udyogik nivesh laee poonji pardan curran laee keeti gaee see; unhan neey sikkhiat parbandhakan atey prabhavshali vitti nigrani vee pardan keeti. iss tarahan itali neey ikk vishal, raaj dee agvai vaala udyogik khetar haasal keeta, joe vishesh taur utte banking, steel, shipping, hathiaar atey pann-bijli dee saplai witch mahattavpuran see. halanki, inhan companyan daa rashtarikaran naheen keeta giaa see. iss dee bajaae, uh baazaar witch private companyan vajon kamm karde sunn atey ajey vee bahut saare private sharedharak sunn. 1943 witch naaziaan laee ikk kathputli sarkaar dey roop witch uttri itali witch seemat honn toon baad, musolini neey italvi smajik ganraj dey tehat "smajikkaran" noon utshahit keeta. 1944 dey shuru witch, musolini dey "smajikkaran kanoon" neey udyog dey rashtarikaran daa sadda ditta joe ikk ajihi neeti noon agge vadhayega jitthe "mazdooran noon factory atey vaparak parbandhan witch hissa laina see."

faasist-cindicalisma faasist-cindicalism (rashtriya-cindicalism ityanena sambaddham) ekaha vyaapaar-syndicate-aandolanah aasit ("syndicate" iti french-bhashayam trade-union iti arthah) yat dwiteeya-vishvayuddhaat poorvam, mukhyataya edmondo rosoni, sarjiyo paanunjiyo, e. o. alivti, michel biyanchi, alceste dee embris, paaolo oraano, maasimo rokkaa, gaido pigetti cha, georges-vral ityasya prabhaawen, yah "cindicalisam ityasya 'tattvamimamsa' iti manyate sma. faasist-syndicalist-janaah anyaih prakaaraih faasisam-taha bhinnaah aasan, yatah te samanyataya varga-sangharsham, shramika-niyantrita-karakhanaha, udyogapadanam prati shatrutaa cha anukaranti sma, yena itihaasadnyaah taan "vaamapaksha-faasist-aadarshavaadinah" iti chitrayitum prerayanti, ye "dakshina-faasist-taha aamoolaagraroopen bhinnaah aasan."samanyataya itali-deshasya adhika-kattarapanthishu faasist-syndicalist-ityeteshu anyatamah iti manyate, rosoni" faasist-cindicalism ityasya pramukhah pratipaadakah "aasit., tathaa "varga-sangharshena" raashtravaadam pravardhayitum prayatatam. krantikari-sanghavaadah rashtriya-sanghavaadaay pravartate. kadaachit krantikari-sanghavaadasya "pitaa" iti athavaa nyunatinyoonam "french-sanghavaadinaam madhye pramukhah vyaktihi" iti manyate sma, georges-gorl-varyaha samsadeeya-dalanam, rajanityaha cha bhrashtaprabhavan nivaarayitum ugravaadee-trade-unionisam samarthayat, yadyapi vidhaayakaah spashtatayaa samajavadi aasan. 1920 tamasya dashakasy aarambhe, lenin, bolshevijam, musolini ityetaan samaantararoopen samarthayan french-marxist iti rupena, vargollanghane sarvahara-vargasya kaaranam, samanya-praharanam samajika-mithaka-nirmanat udabhavate "vinaashakaari-dhruveekaranam" cha prodghaatayat. poonjeevaadasya unmoolanam kartum, tasya sthaane rajya-samajavadaha sthaapayitum naa, apitu shramikavarga-utpadakanam samajasya nirmanam kartum, sanghavaadasya uddeshyam aasit. ayam vranaha "satyameva" maarksavaadah iti manyate sma. 1908 tame varshe "reflections aan himsaa" iti swasya granthe, goral ityanena "syndicates" ityasya samarthanam himsaatmak-vidrohasya shramikaan sangathitum, karmachaarinah himsaavaadasya lajjaam naa graheetum, tathaa cha te "rajanitihi, ganarajyam, deshabhaktih" ityetaan nindayanti iti cha prayatanaay dattam. asmin grollion-arthe marksavadi-varga-sangharshena saha sambadhaah himsaah uttamah, veerah, "sabhyatayaha anaadikaalasy hitasya" sevaayaam cha iti vyaakhyaatum shakyate sma. aneke europeeyasaamaajikaah krantikari-sanghavaadinaam shrenyaah saha sammilitaah, teshu benito musolini api aasit, yah 1904 tamavarshaparyantam krantikari-sanghavaadasya adheenah iti abhidnyaapayat, saha samanya-praharasya samaye eva abhavat iti ullekhayan, yadyapi saha poorvam sanghavaaden saha sambadhah aasit. 1909 tame varshe, samajavadi-samsadasya sadasyanam aaposh-neetayah, lokataantrik-samajavadasya prati andolanam, sarvahara-vargasya patanam cha, ye "apaara-aarthik-labhanam miranjena" pralobhitaah aasan, teshaam vishaye vrol-varyaha niraashah abhavat. goral ityasya matena, sarwahaaraah naa tasya krantikari-parivartanasya apekshaam prati, naa marks ityasya "bhavya-mahaakaavyasya" swapnaan prati pratikriyaam adadat. marksavadasya asya punarmoolyaankanen, "samajavadaha mrutah" iti benedeto cross ityasya sootram sweekartum vrol-varyaha preritah."asmin kaale, samajavadasya vishaye vrol ityasya aneke vimarshaah, lekhanaah cha" marksavadasya gahanasankatasy "pratikriyaaroopen aasan.yatra saha, antonio labriola ityasya matena, utsaahen tasya vishaye vyaakhyaay, asya "sankatam samajavadasya ekam" iti parivartayat." marxism akhandataam bauddhikatvam cha vighatitam jaatam, "veeraprahaaravargah" iti vaa "upayogavaaden bahu bhrashta" iti vaa prakatitah vaa aasit."goral ityasya matena, lokataantrik-ganarajya-sarvakaranam shakttih shramikavargasya krantikaripreranam avamoolyanam akarot, yena saha rashtravadena saha anyaan vikalpaan anveshtum baadhyah abhavat, parantu raajatantreh abhaawah aasit. samajavadasya asya sankatakaalasy samadhanartham, shravyah, shramika-svaamitvasya karakhananam samarthanam dhaarayan, parantu matabhrasht-marksavadasya adheene tasya "bhautikavaada-yuktivaada-sarasya" vicchedanam krutvaa, aamoolaagr-raashtravaadam paryaveshtayantah lokataantrik-virodhee-samajavadam prati pravruttah. 1909 tame varshe, italee-deshasya krantikari-sanghavaadasya prabhaavashaali-niyatakalikayam, enariko leone ityasya "ill diviner social" ityasmin, royal-varyaha ekaha lekham prakashitavan, yat pashchat charles mauras ityanena "ell-aakshan-frances" ityasmin "enti-parliamentary-socialist" iti sheershake punah mudritam, samarthanam cha krutam. raashtravaadasya, sanghatanasy cha prati pravruttaa, vrol iti prathamaa naa aasit. 1902 taha 1910 paryantam italian-krantikari-sanghavaadinah ekaha vargah italian-raashtravaadam sanghavaaden saha samyojayitum abhiyanam aarabhat. pashchat te "faasist-aandolanasy samsthaapakah" bhavitum arhanti sma, musolini ityasya shasanakale "pramukhapadaveem cha dhaarayanti sma. samanyataya italian-sanghavaadah ante prathamavishvayuddhe, 1918 tame varshe yuddhaviraamasya anantaram cha maaseshu rashtriya-sanghavaadaroopen ekikruta. mauras-varyaha, goral-ityasya samarthanam swaagatama, yatah te dwau api french-samajavadasya "lokataantrikaranasy" drutagatyaa naa punaragamanasya maarge aagatyah, durjeya-samajika-lokatantra-aandolane ekeekrutah iti chintitaah aasan. mauras-jananam krute samajavadasya pavitrataam lokatantrasya pralobhanadvara graheetum naa kartavyam aasit, "lokatantrikat vaishvikaat cha tattvaat muktah samajavadaha raashtravaadasya anuroopah bhavati, tathaiva su-nirmitah hastavastrah api sundaram hastam yojayati iti ghoshayat."parantu asmin kaale anekebhyah yooropeeyasaamaajikeevaadinam krute etaadrushaah vichaaraah asamanyaha naa aasan, yathaa phillip buchez, ferdinand lasale cha ye" lokatantram nindayan rashtram uccheekrutavantah."lokatantram prati tasya tiraskaarasy karanat, goral tathaa syndicalists ityete rajanaitikadalan, lokataantrik-samsthaan, tathaiva" sarvahara-vargasya marksavadi-tanashahim "ityetaan niraakrutavantah, parantu carl-marks ityasya lokatantrasya nirvaachanasya cha virodhasya kartavyanishtaam avalambayan. poorvam marks ityanena angeekrutam aasit yat 1848 tame varshe kraante tasya krantikarikriyaha "lokatantrasya viruddham yuddhasya yojanaa iva anyat naasti." marksavadasya rakshanarthm, vrol-varyaha lokalipivaadasya raashtravaadasya cha samshleshanasya krute aakarshitah, yasmin "yooda-virodhasya katoratamah" api antarbhavati sma. etaavat, vrol tathaa anye syndicalists ityete nishkarsham dattavantah yat sarvahara himsaa nishphalah aasit yatah "sarvahara vargah swasya krantikari-bhumikam nirvodum asamarthah aasit" iti, ekaha mulyankanam, yah anekaan rashtra-raajyam sarvahara-aadhaarit-samajasya sthapanartham sarvottama-saadhanaroopen drashtum prerayat, yat pashchat sarvahara-raashtravaadasya faasist-avadhaaranaayaam sammilitam. anekaani krantikari-sanghavaadinah, maurras-ityasya prashamsaam krutvaa 1909 tame varshe french-samagra-raashtravaadasya prati sahaanubhootim pradarshayan, tatah param, moolavaadinah raashtravaadasya pralobhanam prati, coral-ityasya, tasya kuraliyan-samajavadasya cha anusaranam krutavantah. charles maurras-varyaha, burjuvaa-lokatantrasya, gyaanodayasya, "tasya udaravadasya, tasya vyaktivaadasya, vyaktivaadasya, vyaktisanghasya samajasya cha avadhaaranaayaah viruddham tasya rashtravadi-drushtikonah, yat abhyartayat, tatt aasit."eshaa pravruttihi anwawartat, 1911 tamavarshaparyantam krantikari-sanghavaadinah angeekrutavantah yat dwau mahattvapoornau virodhinah raajanaitikapravaahau militau stah iti, yena" nootanah raashtravaadah, krantikari samajavadaha cha nirmitah."etat ekatreekaranam antatah italian-faasisam ityasya pramukhapaksharoopen prakaashitam, yatra musolini svayameva angeekrutavaan," aham yah asmi, aham vranasya runee."faasisam ityasya pramukha-visheshadnyah iti manyate, isreli-itihaasakaarah zeev sternhell ityeshah drudatayaa pratipaadayat yat deshaprem-rahita-rashtravadena saha sanghavaadasya ekeekaranam eva kaaranam aasit yat" italian-krantikari-sanghavaadah faasist-vichaaradhaaraayaah merudandah abhavat." faasist-cindicalism tathaa productivism cha. musolini ityayam, 1920 tamasya dashakasy aarambhe "faasist-cindicalism rashtriyam utpadakam cha asti" iti abhimatam adadat, cindicalism ityanena saha faasisam iti padam aadrutya prathamaasu vyakteshu anyatamah aasit... rashtriyasamaje yatra shramah aanandah, garvasya vastu, kuleenavargasya upadhi cha bhavati."adhikaamshaah italian-syndicalist-janaah samajikakrantam" unnata-utpadakatam "pradadat druta-parivartanasya saadhanaroopen drushtavantah, yadi eshaa aarthik-samruddhihi naa abhavat tarhi saarthak-samajika-parivartanam naa bhavitum arhati. utpaadakatvam" ityasya mahattvam prati sanghavaadinah mahattvam moolatah 1907 tame varshe vrol ityanena praarabdham aasit, yah tarkam krutavaan yat "marks-varyaha, aarthik-kshamatam praptanam utpadakanam sarvahara-vargaaha kraantim iti manyate."yadaa carlo kephero italian-bhashayam praarambhik-parimanasya poonjee-sangraham vikasitavaan, tadaa marks ityeshah swasahakarmachaarinam smaarayat yat" sarvahara-vargasya vimochanaartham aavashyakaani bhautika-sthitayah "" poonjeevaadasya vikasena ("denn-gyaang-derr-capitalistichen-production") swatah eva utpannaani bhaveyuhu iti. " russian-deshasya gruhayuddhasya samaapteh, yuddhasaamyavaadaat sankramanasya cha anantaram, utpaadakavaadasy siddhaantasy samarthanam faasist-syndicalist-madhye vistrutaa, yatra ucchah berojagaareeh, vaataavaranam cha darshitam, yatra "adhikaamshah giranihi, karakhanaha cha sthaganam abhavat; khanihi, collieries cha nashtaah, jalaplaawitaah cha abhavan." nootan-aarthik-neetih (nep) pravartitaat anantaram italian-sanghavaadinah, parivartite kaalen anuroopam tasya samshodhanam kartum, tasya saamarik-lakshyan pushteekartum cha drudanishchayena, roodigata-marksavadat adhikam doore gacchan. te tarkam kurvanti yat russian-bolsheviks-janaah arthikadrushtya pashchadabhoote paryaavaranasya antah saamaajikakraantim sthaapayitum prayatatam vipattayah iti engels-ityasya 1850 tamavarshasya upadeshasya palanam kartum asaphalavantah iti. soviyat-rashiyaadeshasy aarthik-aswasthataayaah varshaanaam poorvam ayam pravaahah udbhootah aasit, yena adhikaamshah italian-syndicalist-janaah "arthodox-marxism" ityasmin ye doshaani, doshaani cha praaptaah iti te vishvasanti taan atikramayitum preritaah."pratyaksha-kriyaya utpaadana-sadhananam shramika-niyantranam kartum vikasitah, sanghavaadasya buddhijeevinah, italee-deshasya adima-arthavyavasthaa naa tu samajasya krute samanatam vaa samruddhim vaa sulabham kartum shaknoti iti avabodhan. burjuvaa-janaihi vikasitasya paripakwa-udyogasya vinaa, safal-samajika-kraantim "vargahinanam" krantikarinam samarthanam aavashyakam iti te avagantavantah. musolini, italian-sanghavaadinah, raashtravaadeebhih, bhavishyavaadinah cha saha, te kraantikaaraah phaasistaah bhavishyanti, maarksavaadinah vaa anyah vichaarah vaa naa iti tarkayat. musolini tathaa anyaanaam sanghavaada-siddhaantajnaanaam matena, faasisam "sarvahara-rashtranam samajavadaha" bhavishyati.'" kevalam punarwitaranaatmak-aarthik-samrachanaam sthaapayitum naa, utpaadanam vardhayitum cha faasist-syndicalist-janaah api vyagrau abhavan. italian-faasisam tathaa cindicalisam ityasya pramukhah siddhaantadnyah sarjiyo paanunjiyo ityeshah, syndicalists iti vitaranavaadinah naa tu nirmataraha iti manyante sma. bolshevik-jananam arthavyavasthaayaah nirvahanasya vimarshane, paanunjiyo api drudatayaa pratipaadayat yat russian-soviyat-raajyam sarvahara-vargasya upari "tanashahi" abhavat, naa tu sarvahara-vargasya." rosoni tathaa cha faasist-syndicalists. yadaa rosoni 1922 december-maase faasist-cindical-nigamanam samanya-sanghasya mahasachivarupena chitah, tadaa anye italian-cindical-vaadinah "raajanaitik-samrachanaanaam nirmanasya punargatanasya cha uddeshyena" faasist-cindical-vaadasya "mukhyavaakyam pratyakshayitum aarabhant... rajyasya shramasya cha samshleshanam."rosoni, tasya faasist-syndicalist-kedder cha sheeghramev" aamoolaagrah vaa vaamapaksheeyah tattwah "iti manyante sma, ye" shramikanam aarthik-hitanam rakshanm kartum, svavarga-chetanaa-rakshanm cha kartum prayatante sma."rosoni" arthavyavasthaayaam saamoohik-hitam "nirmaatum prayatate, yena niyoktaarah faasist-anushasanasya adheenaah bhavishyanti, tathaa cha shramikaan aarthik-nirnayaan kartum adhika-mahattvapoorna-bhumika pradatta. faasist-rajyasya moolabhoot-krantikari-dishaam nirdishayitum prayatate rosoni, musolini ityasya "ill popolo dii 'italia" iti patrikaayaam ghoshayan, faasist-cindicalism agrabhaage bhavet iti tarkayat, yat "kevalam faasist-syndicate-samsthah eva kraantim poornum shaknuvanti iti."swasya praarambhik-poonjeevaada-virodhee-vivaadeshu rosoni, poonjeevaadah" utpaadanam uttejayitum, vikasayitum cha naa tu avikasitam, niraakrutam cha "iti pratipaditavan, tathaa cha udyoginah" udaaseenah, nishkriyah, adnyaataah cha aasan iti." 1923 tamavarshasya aarambhe, udyoginah, karakhanaprabharaha cha vyaapaar-samudaayasy, poonjeevaadasya cha upari faasist-syndicalist-ityeteshaam maukhika-aakramanaih shankitaah abhavan, yena teshu aneke "adhunaa faasist-viruddham yuddham kartum saamyavaadinah pratidaanam daatavyam" iti chintayitum preritaah abhavan."yadaa nirantarah aakramanah anwawartat, rosoni 1926 paryantam udyogapadanam" pishaach "," laabhasaadhak "iti cha chitrayan aaropeshu drudah aasit. rosoni naa kevalam bruhad-udyogapadanam saamoohik-lobhasya krute lakshyikrutavan, apitu "laghu-vikretrunaam akramaka-lobhasya" viruddham swasya vimarshaan api kendreekrutavaan. keshuchit sandarbheshu, rosoni ityasya shrama-anukool-drukpathaah, marks ityasya "itihasasya gatisheel-niyamasya" daarshanik-vyaakhyaayaah karanat udyogapatinam chintayanti sma, yena saha karmacharinam karakhananam niyantranasya sambhaavyataam samarthanam kartum preritah. saha tarkam krutavaan yat udyogapadanam svapadaveem graheetum nyaayasangatah adhikaarah asti, parantu yaavat "nootan-sangheshu sanghatita-shramikaah, adhipatyam graheetum aavashyakam kshamatam praavishan, taavat yaavat" iti." niyoktru-prati faasist-syndicalist-ityeteshaam shatrutaa 1925 tamavarshasya aarambhe ekapaksheey-tanashahi sthapanat poorvam, anantaram cha musolini-shasanasya raajanaitik-samasyam janayat. parantu vivaadaanaam avasare api rosoni, 1928 tame varshe tyaagapatram daatum baadhyah naa bhutva yaavat swasya sthaanam dhaarayat, sambhawatah tasya praayah 30 laksh-prabalasya sanghasya sadasyataayaah bhayaat, yat rashtriya-faasist-pakshasya sadasyata bahu atikram akarot. yadyapi italee-deshe swatantra-shramika-sanghaanaam rashtriyakaranam 1926 april 3 paryantam naa krutam, tathaapi alfredo rokko ityasya sangha-vidhishu, 1922 tamavarshaparyantam faasist-sangha-sanghatakaah "samajavadi-catholic-shramika-sanghatanayaha krute pramukha-bhartee-spardhakaah" abhavan."1920 tame varshe 2,000,000 taha adhikanam sadasyanam shikharam praptva, swatantra-samanya-shrama-sanghah, 1922 tamasya varshasya madhyabhaagaparyantam 400,000 sadasyanam yaavat nyooneekrutah. anye cha sanghaah api tathaiva durlabhaah abhavan. 1921 tame varshe "popolary" ityasya catholic-sanghasya 12 lakshaah sadasyaah aasan, parantu 1922 tamasya varshasya uttaraardhaparyantam 540,000 yaavat nyooneekrutah aasit. tathaapi, rosoni ityeshah musolini-prashasanasya moolyavaanah netaa iti manyate sma, saha 1930-1943 taha, anyaih ucchapadaveem cha grand-council-aaf-faasisam ityasya sadasyah abhavat. 1920 tamasya dashakasy aarambhe krantikari-samajavadi-janaihi netrutvena dirghakalam yaavat karmaagaar-dharmaghatasy samaye ghatitebhyah aarthik-avasthaayaah kshayena, faasist-syndicate-samsthanam sadasyatvasya vruddhihi abhavat. adhiniveshitaanaam karakhananam aarthik-samasyaah, vetanam daatum dhanasya abhaawah, utpadakatayaha starasya ksheenam cha abhavat."yadaa karakhanayaha karmakaraah karakhanani parityaagum aarabhant, tadaa karmachaarinah swakaaryasthale sthaapayitum" raktarakshakaah "niyoktum aarabhant, kechan prakaraneshu karmakaraah" himsaayaah bheete "karyam kartum baadhyaah abhavan."faasist-sangha-sanghatanana safalataayaam api yat yogadam dattam aasit tatt aasit teshaam faasist-pakshena saha drudham sambaddham, eshaa neetih italian-samajavadi-pakshena anyaih shramika-sanghaihi cha naa sweekrutah. adhika-mitavaadaat aarabhy-ugravaadaparyantam, faasist-cindicalism ityasya anekaani prakarani aasan. adhika-kattarapanthishu faasist-syndicalist-madhye ekaha tatvajnaani ugo spirito aasit. vaamapaksha-faasist" iti manyate sma, spirito-varyaha lokapriy-prakarasya "nigamitivaadasya" sangharsham samarthayat, yat ekaprakaarasy svaamitva-nigamah aasit, yah "avaamchhaneeya-aarthik-kendreekaranam vinaa saamoohik-svaamitvasya" vaishishtyam pradadat." rosoni, sarjiyo paanunjiyo tathaa a cha. o. olivtee-janaah "sarvaadhikasamasamatva-italian-syndicalist-mataan" iti manyante, ye itihaasadnyaih "faasist-left" iti vargeekrutaah santi. te fyaasisam, syndicalist-vichaaradhaaraam cha samsadeeya-udaravadasya pratisthaapanaroopen ankitavantah yena shramikanam samanyajananam cha hitam vardhayitum tathaa "arthavyavasthaayaah aadhunikikaranam cha kartum shakyate." rosoni ityasya mate, utpaadakeshu "aarthik-nyayasya, samajika-ekataayaah" cha pracharartham nigamah sarvottama-samsthah iti manyante sma. luigi razo, yah faasist-trade-union-sanghasya (krushi-shramikanam) netrutvam akarot, saha avadat yat arthavyavasthaa-samsthah faasist-shasanasya krute mahattvapoornam raajanaitik-tattvam pratinidhayanti, yatah te shramikaan "nirnaya-prakriyayam-visheshatah arthavyavasthaayaah niyamanasya-gambhiram bhumikam pradaasyanti." asya "faasos-nigamitivaadasya" madhyamena yathaa arthashastram, rajanitihi cha ekatreekaranasy sameepe aagacchan yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa yathaa rajaniti-arthashaastrasya ekeekaranam adhikamshanam faasist-syndicalist-ityeteshaam krute "vaama-faasist-avadhaaranaayaah moolam" aasit, ye faasisam-tattvam cha raajanaitik-vichaararoopen samarthayan, parantu aarthikavyavasthaaroopena naa. aarthikasamoohasy saamoohik-hitasya cha antargatam aayojiteshu utpaadana-aarthik-kriyakalapanam cha anushaasanam, tathaa cha arthavyavasthaam swakeeyaroopen karyam kartum naa anumatim, iti faasist-rajyasya kartavyam aasit. musolini tathaa tasya faasist shasanam. musolini, vaastavika-vetanasya kshayam nivaarayitum, 40-ghantaa-saptahasya nirvaahaartham, nootanam "shrama-shaasanapatram" nirmaatum cha rosoni-prati pratikriyaatmakah aasit, yena shramikanam adhikaranam pratyaabhootih kartum faasist-shrama-vidhihi poornah bhavishyati, yasya parinaamen shramasya aspashtalaabhah abhavat. parantu musolini poorvam shrama-anukool-sameekaraneshu adhikashaktishaalinee aasit. 1919 tame varshe "union italiana dell laavoro" (yuailaa) ityasmin daalmin-madhye "fraamchai ee gregarini" dhaatu-karakhanayam praharam krutvaa saha karmacharinam karakhananam vyavasaayasya samarthanam krutavaan. te "rachanaatmak-prahaarah" iti aahvayan musolini, karmachaaribhyah "karakhana-swaminam saha 'samanatayaha' adhikaarah asti, tathaa cha tatt saadhayitum karma-viraamam kartum cha aagraham akarot. tasya mukhyah sanketah aasit yat karma-karmanasya karanat utpaadanam baadhitam naa bhavet, tathaa cha karmakaraah utpadanaprakriyayam samaanaroopen bhaagam graheetum iccham darshayanti, tathaa cha karma-karmanasya anudhaabanasy daayitvam nirvodum kshamatam cha darshayanti iti. vargasahayogam samarthayitum musolini ityasya aadhikaarikaneetih satsu api, itaali-deshasya "vaama-nigamita-vaadinah" vargavibhedaan anivaaryaroopen avalambantah aasan, yadi nigamaah vaastavikatayaa karmachaarinah yojayanti tarhi varga-aadhaarit-samsthah aavashyakaani iti vishvasanti sma. musolini ityeshah anyadisham prati gantum nishchitavaan, 1917 tamasya varshasya ante, audyogikadrushtyaa anagrastaah raashtreshu kraantikaaribhyah roodigata-maarksavaadah bahudhaa apraasangikah iti nishkarsham avahat. musolini, faasist-buddhijeevinah cha tarkam kurvanti yat yadi burjuvaa-samudayah swasya aitihaasikam daayitvam nirvodum, rashtrasya udyogasya moolasaukaryam cha agre gantum naa shaknoti tarhi tatt karyam lokapriyajananam, abhijata-agragaami-vargasya cha krute nikshiptam kartavyam aasit, yasya krute varga-sahayogasya pratibaddhataayaah aavashyakataa aasit yena sarvahara-varga-burjuvaa-utpadakanam madhyamena samudaayasy utpaadaka-kshamataayaah sevaa bhavet. musolini vargayoho madhye etat sahayogam nootanam lokatantram iti varnayat-"utpadakavarganam vivekapoornam pramanikam cha shasanam."varga-sangharshasya musolini ityasya virodhah marksavadi-sudharakanam tathaa samajika-janatantrikanam poorvabhaavinah bhavan pratidhvanitavaan, yathaa edward bernstein, yah" samajavadi-janaah varga-sangharshasya, kraamteh cha apekshayaa sahakarasya, vikaasasya cha upari balam adadat iti avadat." kechan tarkayanti yat "musolini ityasya ati-vaamapaksheey-sanghavaadah" gabriel dii 'annunzo ityasya ati-dakshinapantheeya-rashtravadena saha vileenam krutvaa 1922 tamavarshaparyantam faasisam ityasya nootan-samshodhanam janma praapnot iti. anye pratipaadayanti yat 1921 tamavarshasya ante yaavat musolini italian-faces ityetasya naam "faasist-leber-party" iti parivartayitum icchati sma, yena trade-unionisam samarthayitum vaamapaksha-paramparayaha prati nishtaavaan iti swasya pratishtaam rakshitum prayatate, visheshatah yadi saha tasya cha faasist-netaarah samanya-shramika-sanghasya (see. jee. ell.) samarthanam praaptum shaknuvanti sma. musolini ityayam truteeye faasist-kaangres (nava. 7-10,1921) krantikarisamajavadi shramikasanghanam cha shakttim nyooneekartum prayatamananam himsaatmak-sainyadalanam prashaantim kartum sulahaatmakaroopen. tathaapi 1934 tame varshe musolini swasya anekaani vipani-paripakwataayaah sthanani vyutkriyataam aarabdhavaan, italian-arthavyavasthaayaah chaturthaamsham bhaagam "rajyasya haste" nyastavaan iti ahankaaram krutavaan. udyogaay atyadhikam runam dattaani pramukha-vittakoshaani 1930 tamasya dashakasy aarambhe rakshaneeyaah abhavan, tathaiva bahavah bruhad-audyogika-kampenee-samsthah api. rajya-sanchaalitaah nootanau holding-kampenee-dwau italian-audyogika-vitta-samsthaa (istituto mobilier italiano; imee) tathaa audyogika-punarnirmaan-samsthaa (istituto purr laa recostruzion industrial; iri) cha asafal-samsthanam rakshartham tathaa nootan-audyogika-niveshasya krute poonjee-pradaay sthaapitaah; te prashikshita-vyavasthaapakaah, parinaamakaari-vitteey-paryavekshanam api pradadat. evam italee-deshah vishaalam, rajya-netrutva-audyogikam kshetram arjitavaan, yat banking, steel, shipping, shastraastram, jalavidyut-aapoortih cha visheshatayaa mahattvapoornam aasit. parantu ete samsthah raashtriyeekrutaah naa abhavan. tasya sthaane te vipanyaam nijee-kampaneeroopen karyam kurvanti sma, adyaapi bahavah nijee-bhagadharakaha aasan. 1943 tame varshe nazi-janaanaam putulashaasanaroopen uttar-italee-deshe seemitah bhutva, musolini italian-samajika-ganarajyasya adheene "samajikikaranam" pravartayat. 1944 tamavarshasya aarambhe, musolini ityasya "saamaajikeekaranavidhih" udyogasya rashtriyakaranasya aahvaanam akarot, yat "karmachaarinah karakhanayam vyavasaayaprabandhanasya cha bhaagam agruhnanti" iti neetim anuvartayishyati."

paasisa cinticalism paasisa cinticalism (thaesiya chindikalisaththudan thodarpudaiyathu) enbathu oru varththaga cindicate iyakkamaagum ("cindicat" endraal pirenchu mozhiyil thozhirchangam endru porul) idhu irandaam ulagap poarukku munththaiya puratchigara cinticalism iyakkaththin thoattraththilirunthu uruvaanathu, idhu perumpaalum edmando rosoni, sergio panuncio, aee. ooo. olivetti, michael piyaanji, alceste dii ambris, pavlo oraanoa, massimo rokka mattrum kido bigetti, jeorjas vadukkalin selvaakkin keezh, avar cindicalisaththin 'metabicisian' endru karudhappattaar. paasisa cinticalistugal mattra paasisa vadivangkalilirunthu vaerupattanar, aenenil avarkal podhuvaaga varkkap poaraattam, thozhilaazhargalin kattupaattu thozhirchaalaigal mattrum thozhilathibarkalidam viroatham aagiyavattrai aathariththanar, idhu varalaattraasiriyargalai "valathu paasisavaathigalidamirunthu theeviramaaga vaerupatta" idathusaari paasisa ilatchiyavaathikal "endru siththarikka vazhivaguththathu."podhuvaaga itaaliyil migavum theevira paasisa cinticalistugalil oruvaraagak karudhappadum rosoni" "paasisa cindicalisaththin munnani aatharavaalaraaka irunthaar"., mattrum "varkkap poaraattam" moolam thaesiyavaathaththai ookkuvikka muyantrathu. thaesiya sindigalisaththirku puratchigara cinticalism. sila nerangalil puratchigara cindicalisaththin "thanthai" allathu kurainthapatcham "pirenchu cinticalistugalil munnani nabaraaga" karudhappadum georges correll, sattamandra uruppinarkal velippadaiyaaga soasalisamaaga irunththaalum, naadaalumandrak katchigal mattrum arasiyalin oozhal thaakkangalai ethirththup poaraada poaraali thozhirchangkavaaththai aathariththaar. 1920kalin murpaguthiyil lenin, bolshivism mattrum musolini aagiyoarai oray neraththil aathariththa oru pirenchu marxist endra muraiyil, varkkap poaraattaththil pattali varkkaththin kaaranaththaiyum, podhu vaelainiruththangkalin samooga kattukkadhaigalai uruvaakkuvathan moolam ezhum "paerazhivu turuvamunaippu" yaiyum ookkuviththaar. muthalaaliththuvaththai olikka vaelainiruththangkalai aerpaadu seivathae koottuppaniyin nokkamaaga irunththathu; adhai arasu sosalisaththudan maattruvathu alla, maaraaga thozhilaazhar varkka urpaththiyaalargalin samoogaththai kattiyezhuppuvadhaagum. inththa punn "unmaiyana" marxism endru karudhappadugiradhu. 1908 aam aandu veliyaana "vanmurai pattriya pirathipalippukal" endra thanathu puththagaththil, vanmurai kilarchchigalil thozhilaazhargalai ozhungamaippatharkaana oru muyarchiyaagavum, vanmuraich seyalkalaip pattri vetkappada vaendaam endru thozhilaazhargalai namba vaippatharkum, avarkal "arasiyal, kudiyarasu mattrum desapakthiyai" avamathikka vaendum endrum "chindikaettukal" enbatharku niyaayatthai valangkinaar. inththa guralian arththaththil, marxist varkkap poaraattaththudan thodarpudaiya vanmuraiyai, sirantha, veeram niraintha mattrum "naagarigaththin anaathai nalanukkaana" saevaiyaaga vilakkalaam. penito musolini udpada pala iroappiya soasalistukal puratchigara cinticalistugalin anigalil saernthanar, avar 1904 kkul puratchigara sindigalisaththirku adipaninthathaagak koorinaar, idhu oru podhu vaelainiruththaththin poathu nigazhnththathaagak koorinaar, iruppinum avar munbu cindicalisaththil eedupattirunthaar. 1909 vaakkil, sosalisa naadaalumandra uruppinargalin samarasak kolgaigal, jananaayaga sosalisaththai noakkiya iyakkam mattrum "magaththaana porulaathaara nanmaigalin mrajaththaal" kavarnthizhukkappatta pattali varkkaththin seerazhivu kuritthu koamaaligal aemaattramadainththanar. coralin karuththuppadi, thozhilaala varkkam puratchigara maattram kuriththa avarathu ethirpaarppukalukkoa allathu marxin "arputhamaana kaaviyaththin" kanavugalukkum pathilalikkavillai. maarksisaththin inththa maruu mathippeedu, "sosalism iranththuvittathu" endra penetetto crossin koottrukkalai aerka kooralai vazhinadaththiyathu."inthak kaalakattathil, sosalism pattriya corlin pala vimarsanangkal mattrum ezhuththukkal aalamaana" "maarksiyaththin nerukkadi" "kku pathilalikkum vagaiyil irunththana".angku avar, antonio labriola karuththuppadi, adhai aarvaththudan vilakki, inththa "nerukkadiyai sosalisaththin ontraaka" maatrinaar." maarksisaththin orumaippaadum arivusaar unarvum sithainthu kondirundhadhaal, "veeramaana pattali varkkam" muthalaaliththuva varkaththai poalavae payanpaattuvaaththaal sidhainthathaagavoo allathu illaathathaagavoa thoantriyathu."kuralin koottruppadi, jananaayaga-kudiyarasu arasaangkangkalin athikaaram thozhilaala varkkaththin puratchigara munmuyarchiyai kuraitthu mathippiduvathaaga irunththathu, idhu dhesiyavaatham udpada pira maattrukalaith thaeda avarai kattaayappaduththiyathu, aanaal endha mudiyatchi illaathathu. sosalisaththin inththa nerukkadiyaith theerppatharkaaga, oru theevira thaesiyavaathaththai ulladakkiya jananaayaga viroatha sosalisaththai noakki avar thirumbinaar, athae neraththil thozhilaazhargalukkuch sonthamaana thozhirchaalaigalukku thanathu aatharavaip pidiththuk kondaar, aanaal oru mathachchaarpattra marxisatin keezh adhan "porulmuthalvaatha mattrum paguththarivuvaatha saaraamchaththilirunthu" vilagiyathu. 1909 aam aandil, itaaliyil puratchigara cindicalisaththin selvaakkumikka idhazhaana enrico leone "ill deveneer soashiyal" endra idhazhil oru katturaiyai corle veliyittaar, idhu pinnar charles mourasaal "ell 'aaksan francise" endra thalaippil "naadaalumandra ethirppu socialist" endra thalaippil marupathippu seiyappattu vettri pettrathu. dhesiyavaatham mattrum kootturavu muraiyai noakki nagarntha muthal nabar koazhai alla. 1902 muthal 1910 varayilaana aandugalil itaaliya puratchigara cinticalistugalin oru kuzhu itaaliya thaesiyavaathaththai chindikalisaththudan inaikkum paniyai maerkondathu. avarkal pinnar "paasisa iyakkaththin niruvanarkalaaka" maari, musoaliniyin aatchiyil "mukiya padhavigalai vagiththanar". podhuvaaga, itaaliya cinticalism iruthiyaaka muthalaam ulagap poarin poathum, 1918 poarnirutthaththaith thodarnthu vantha maathangkalilum thaesiya sindigalisamaaga ontrinainthathu. pirenchu sosalism "jananayagamayamakkalai" noakkiya avasaraththil endhath tiruppamum illaatha paathaiyai adaivathil avarkal iruvarum akkarai kondirunthanar, oru valimaiyana samooga jananaayaga iyakkamaaka ontrinainthathu endra kuralin aatharavai mouraas varavaettraar. mourargalaip porutthavarai, sosalisaththin thooimai jananayagaththin mayakkatthaal kaippattrappaduvathaith thavirkka vaendiyirunththathu, "jananaayaga mattrum cosmopolitan koorugalilirundhu viduvikkapatta sosalism thaesiyavaathaththirku aetrtrathu mattrum nanku thayaarikkappatta kaiyurai oru azhagaana kaikku porunthukirathu" endru ariviththathu."aanaal iththagaiya ennangkal inthak kaalakattathil pala iroappiya soasalistugalukku vazhakkaththirku maaraanavai alla, athaavathu pilippae buches mattrum fertinand lazalle poantravarkal" "jananayagaththai veruththanar mattrum thesaththai uyarththinar"."jananayagam meethaana avarathu veruppin kaaranamaaga, croll mattrum cinticalistugal arasiyal katchigal mattrum jananaayaga niruvanangalaiyum," "thozhilaala varkkaththin marxist sarvaathikaaraththaiyum" "niraagariththanar, aanaal jananayagam mattrum thaerthalkalukku carle marxin ethirppukku kadamaippattavargalaaga irunththanar". munnathaaka, 1848 puratchiyil thanathu puratchigara nadavadikkaikal "jananaayagaththirku ethiraana poarin thittatthai thavira vaerillai" endru marks oppuk kondaar." maarksisaththai kaappaattruvatharkaana muyarchiyil, "yootha-viroathaththin murattutthanamaana" ulladakkiya janaranjagavaatham mattrum dhesiyavaathaththin thoguppai uruvaakkuvatharku voal eerkkappattaar. inththa neraththil, "pattali varkkam adhan puratchigara pangai niraivaettra mudiyaathathaal" pattali varkka vanmurai payanatrathu endru kooral mattrum pira cinticalistugal mudivu seithanar, idhu oru mathippeedu, oru pattali varkka adippadaiyilaana samoogaththai niruvuvatharkaana sirantha vazhimuraiyaaga thaesiya arasaip paarkka palaraith thoondiyathu, idhu pinnar pattali varkka dhesiyavaathaththin paasisa karuththudan inainthathu. pala puratchigara cinticalistugal mourasaip paratti, 1909ill pirenchu orunginaintha thaesiyavaathaththirku thanathu anuthaapaththai velippaduththiya pinnar, oru theevira dhesiyavaathaththin kavarchchiyai noakki kooral mattrum avarathu coralian soasalisaththaip pinpattrinar. charles mouras munvaiththa vaendukoal muthalaaliththuva jananayagam, arivoli mattrum "adhan thaaralavaatham, adhan thaninabarvaatham mattrum thaninabarkalin koottaaga samoogam pattriya adhan karutthukku ethiraana avarathu dhesiyavaatha anugumuraiyaagum."inththa poakku thodarnthathu, 1911 vaakkil, puratchigara cinticalistugal irandu mukkiyamaana paguththarivukku ethiraana arasiyal neeroattangkal ontrinainthu, oru puthiya thaesiyavaathaththaiyum puratchigara soasalisaththaiyum uruvaakkinar enbathai oppuk kondanar."inththa orunginaippu iruthiyaaka itaaliya paasisaththin oru mukiya amsamaaga velippattathu, angku musolini thaanaagavae oppukkondar" "naan enna, naan punn kadanpattirukkiraen"."paasisaththin munnani nipunaraagak karudhappadum israeliya varalaattraasiriyar jeev sternhell, thaesapakthiyattra thaesiyavaathaththudan inththa kootturavu orunginaippu aen "itaaliya puratchigara kootturavu paasisa siththaanthaththin muthukelumbaaga maariyathu enbatharku oru kaaraniyaaga irunththathu endru valiyurutthinaar." paasisa kootturavu mattrum urpathtiththiran. paasisavaatham endra sottrodarai chindikalisaththudan kondu vanththavargalil musoaliniyum oruvar, 1920 kalin murpaguthiyil "paasisa cinticalism thaesiyamaanathu mattrum urpathtiththiran kondadhu" endru kuripittaar... uzhaippu oru magizhchchiyaagavum, perumaiyin porulaagavum, pirabukkalukku oru pattamaagavum maarum oru thaesiya samoogaththil."perumpaalaana itaaliya cinticalistugal samoogap puratchiyai" "uyarnththa urpathtiththiranai" "vazhangkuvatharkaana viraivaana maattraththirkaana oru vazhimuraiyaaga karudhinar, maelum inththa porulaathaara valam aerpadath thavarinaal, arthamulla samooga maattram irukkaathu". urpathtiththiranin" mukkiyatthuvaththai orunginaippaalargalaal valiyurutthappattathu 1907 aam aandil kuraul enbavaraal thodangappattathu, avar "porulaathaara thiranai [pettra] urpaththiyaalargalin oru pattali varkkaththin puratchi endru marks karudhugiraar" endru vaathittaar."carlo kafeero itaaliya mozhiyil aaramba alavilaana moolathanaththirkaana oru thoguppai uruvaakkiyapoathu, maark thanathu saga oozhiyarukku" "pattali varkkaththin viduthalaikkup thevaiyaana porul nilaimaigal" "muthalaaliththuvaththin valarchchiyaal (" "tenne cang terr capitalisticen thayaarippu" ") thaanaagavae uruvaakkappada vaendum enbathai ninaivoottinaar"." russia ullnaattup poar mudivadainthathum, poar kamyoonisaththilirunthu maariyathum, paasisa cinticalistugal matthiyil urpathtiththiran koatpaattirkaana aatharavu virivadainththathu, idhu adhiga vaelaiyinmaiyaiyum, "perumpaalaana aalaikal mattrum thozhirchaalaigal sthambiththiruntha soozhalaiyum kaattiyadhu; surangangal mattrum nilakkarik kadaigal azhikkappattana mattrum vellaththil moozhkiyirunththana." puthiya porulaathaarak kolgai (naep) arimugappaduththappatta piragu, itaaliya cinticalistugal marabuvazhi maarksisaththilirunthu maelum vilagich sendranar, maarivarum kaalaththirku aerpa adhai thirutthavum adhan mooloabaaya ilakkugalaith thoondavum uruthiyaaka irunththanar. porulaathaaraththil pinthangkiya soozhalil oru samoogap puratchiyai niruva muyarchippathan abaayangkal kuritthu 1850 aam aandu engels aliththa arivuraiyai russia poalshivikkugal kadaippidikkath thavarivittathaaga avarkal vaathittanar. inththa sarukkal soviyath russiavin porulaathaarach seettraththirku pala aandugalukku munbae thoantriyathu, idhu perumpaalaana itaaliya cinticalistugalai marabuvazhi maarksisaththil avarkal kanda pizhaigal mattrum kuraipaadugalai meerath thoondiyathu."neradi nadavadikkai moolam urpaththi vazhimuraigalil thozhilaazhargalaik kattuppaduththuvadharkaaga uruvaakkappatta, kootturavu arivujeevigal, itaaliyin pazhangkaala porulaathaaram samathuvaththaiyoa samoogaththirku mikuthiyaiyoa vazhangka mudiyaathu enbathai unarnththanar. muthalaaliththuvathaal uruvaakkappatta oru muthirntha thozhil illaamal, oru vetrtrikaramaana samoogap puratchikku "varkkamattra" puratchiyaalarkalin aatharavu thaevai enbathai avarkal purinthukondanar. musolini, itaaliya cinticalistugal, thaesiyavaathigal mattrum edhirkaalavaathigaludan saernthu, antha puratchiyaalarkal paasisavaathikalaaka iruppaargal, maarkchistukal allathu vaeru sila siththaanthangkal alla endru vaathittaar. musolini mattrum pira koottu koatpaattaalargalin koottruppadi, paasisamaanathu "pattali varkka naadugalin soasalisamaaga" irukkum.'" paasisa cinticalistugalum verumanae maruviniyoaga porulaathaara kattamaippai niruvuvatharkup pathilaaka urpaththiyai athikarikkum yoasanaiyil mummuramaaga eedupattanar. itaaliya paasisa mattrum cindicalisaththin mukiya koatpaattaalaraana sergio panuncio, cinticalistugal viniyoagavaathikal alla, thayaarippaalarkal endru nambinaar. poalshivikkugal thangal porulaathaaraththai kaiyaalvathai vimarsiththa panuncio, russia soviyath arasu pattali varkkaththin meethu "sarvaathikaaramaaga" maarivittathu endrum, pattali varkkaththin meethu alla endrum valiyurutthinaar." rosoni mattrum paasisa cinticalistugal. 1922 disambaril paasisa cintical corporationgalin podhuk koottamaippin pothuchcheyalaalaraaka rosoni thaernthedukkappattapoathu, pira itaaliya cinticalistugal "arasiyal kattamaippugalaik kattiyezhuppudhal mattrum maruseeramaiththal" endra thangal noakkaththil "paasisa cinticalism" endra mukiya sottrodarai uruthippaduththath thodangkinar... arasu mattrum uzhaippin orunginaippin moolam."rosoniyum avarathu paasisa cinticalist thondarkalum viraivil" "theevira allathu idathusaari koorugalaaga" "karudhappattanar, avarkal thozhilaazhargalin porulaathaara nalangalaip paathukaakkavum, avarkalin varkka nanavaip paathukaakkavum muyantranar"."porulaathaaraththil koottu aarvatthai uruvaakka rosoni muyantraar, idhu muthalaaligalukku paasisa ozhukkaththirku udpaduththum athae neraththil thozhilaazhargal porulaathaara mudivugalai edukka adhiga kanisamaana pangai vazhangkum. paasisa arasin adippadai puratchigara thisaiyai amaikkum muyarchiyil, paasisa cinticalism munnaniyil irukka vaendum endru rosoni vaathittaar, musoaliniyin "ill popolo dii 'idalia" seithiththaalil "paasisa chindiketkal mattumae puratchiyai mudikka mudiyum" endru arivitthaar."thanathu aarambagaala muthalaaliththuva ethirppu vivaathangkalil, muthalaaliththuvam" "urpathtiyaith thoonduvathaiyum maempaduththuvathaiyum vida adhai manthappaduththi rathu seithathu" "endrum, thozhilathibarkal" "akkaraiyattravarkal, seyalattravarkal mattrum ariyaamai kondavargal" "endrum rosoni koorinaar"." 1923aam aandin murpaguthiyil thozhilathibarkalum thozhirchaalai urimaiyaalargalum vaniga samoogam mattrum muthalaaliththuvam meethaana paasisa cinticalistugalin vaaimozhi thaakkuthalkalaal achchamadainthanar, idhu avarkalil palarai "paasisavaathikalai ethirththup poaraaduvatharku communistugalukku panam koduppadhu ippoathu puththisaaliththanamaaga irukkirathaa" endru aachchariyappadath thoondiyathu."idaividaatha thaakkuthal thodarnthapoathu, 1926 vaakkil rosoni thozhilathibarkalai" "kaattaerigal" "mattrum" "ilaapam eettubavargal" "endru siththariththa thanathu kuttrachchaattugalil uruthiyaaka irunthaar". rosoni periya thozhilathibarkalai avarkalin koottu paeraasaikkaaka kurivaiththathu mattumallaamal, "siru kadaikkaarargalin thaakkuthal paeraasai" kku ethiraaga thanathu vimarsanangkalaiyum maiyamaagak kondirundhaar. sila santharppangalil, rosonyin thozhilaazhar saarbu nilaippaadugal thozhilathibarkalai kavalaippaduththina, aenenil marxin "varalaattrin maarum sattam" pattriya avarathu thaththuva vilakkatthaal, idhu thozhirchaalaigalin meethaana thozhilaazhargalin kattuppaattin saaththiyatthai aatharikka vazhivaguththathu. thozhilathibarkal thangal padhavigalai vagikka niyayamaana urimai undu, aanaal "puthiya chindikaetkalaaka ozhungamaikkappatta thozhilaazhargal, thalaimai vagikka thevaiyaana thiranil therchchi perum varai mattumae" endru avar vaathittaar." muthalaalikal meethaana paasisa cinticalistugalin viroatham 1925 aam aandin murpaguthiyil oru katchi sarvaathikaaraththai niruvuvatharku munnum pinnum musoaliniyin aatchikku arasiyal sikkalkalai aerpaduththiyathu. aanaal sarchchaigal irunththapoathilum, rosoni 1928 aam aandil rajinama seiya vaendiya kattaayam aerpadum varai thanathu padhaviyai thakka vaitthuk kondaar, anegamaaga avarathu kittatthatta 3 million valuvaana thozhirchanga uruppinar pattriya acham kaaranamaaga irukkalaam, idhu thaesiya paasisa katchi uruppinar padhaviyai perithum minjiyathu. itaaliyil ulla suyaatheena thozhilaazhar sangangal aepral 3,1926 varai thaesiyamayamaakkappadavillai entraalum, alfredo rokovin cintical sattangalin keezh, 1922 vaakkil paasisa chindikaettukal sosalisa mattrum catholica thozhilaazhar amaippugalukku oru periya aatchaerppu poattiyaalaraaka maarina."1920aam aandukkul aii. dii. 1 uruppinarkalukku mael uruppinargalaaga uyarnththa piragu, sudhanthira podhu thozhilaazhar koottamaippu, 1922aam aandin naduppaguthiyil 4,00,000 uruppinargalaaga kuraikkappattathu. mattra thozhirchangangalum athae alavukku moasamaaga seyalpattana. 1921ill "bobolari" catholica kuzhukkalil 12 latcham uruppinarkal irunththanar, aanaal 1922aam aandin pirpaguthiyil adhu 540,000 aagak kurainthathu. iruppinum, musoaliniyin nirvaagaththil rosoni oru mathippumikka thalaivaraagak karudhappattaar, maelum avar paasisaththin maaperum kuzhuvil uruppinaraanaar. paasisak kuzhukkalil adhigariththa uruppinar ennikkaiyin perumbaguthi, 1920kalin murpaguthiyil puratchigara soasalistugalaal munneduththuch sellappatta neenda thozhirchaalai vaelainiruththangkalin poathu aerpatta moasamadainthu varum porulaathaara nilaimaigalilirunthu uruvaanathu. aakiramikkappatta thozhirchaalaigal nidhi pirachchanaikal, uuthiyam vazhangka panap pattraakkurai mattrum urpathtiththiran nilaigalil sarivu aagiyavattrai santhiththana."tholirchaalaith thozhilaazhargal thozhirchaalaigalai vittu veliyaerath thodangiyapoathu, thozhilaazhargalai thangal panii nilaiyangalil vaiththiruka" "sivappu kaavalargal" "paniyamarthappattanar, sila santharppangalil thozhilaazhargalai" "vanmurai achchuruththalin keezh vaelai seiya" "kattaayappaduththinar"."paasisa thozhirchanga amaippugalin vettrikku pankaliththathu paasisak katchiyudan avarkal kondulla valuvaana thodarbaagum, inthak kolgaiyai itaaliya sosalisak katchiyum pira thozhilaazhar koottamaippugalum edukkavillai. paasisa cindicalisaththin pala vagaikal irunththana, avai migavum mithamaanavai muthal theeviravaathigal varai irunththana. migavum theevira paasisa cindicalistugalil oruvar thaththuvagnaani ugoa spirito aavaar. idathu paasisavaathiyaaga" karudhappadum spirito, oru janaranjaga vagai "corporadivism" kkaana poraattaththai aathariththaar, idhu oru vagaiyaana thaniyurimak kazhagamaagum, idhu "virumbaththagaatha porulaathaara maiyappaduththal illaamal koottu urimai" endra amsangkalai valangkiyathu." rosoni thavira, sergio panuncio mattrum aee. ooo. varalaattraasiriyargalaal "paasisa idathu" endru vagaippaduththappatta "migavum oththisaivaana" itaaliya sindigalistugalaaga olivetti karudhappattaar. paasisaththaiyum kootturavu siththaanthaththaiyum naadaalumandra thaaraalavaathaththirku maattraaka avarkal adaiyaalam kandanar, ithanaal thozhilaazhargal mattrum samanian makkalin nalangalai maempaduththuvathoadu porulaathaaththaiyum naveenamayamaakka mudiyum." rosonicu, urpaththiyaalargalidaiyae "porulaathaara neethi mattrum samooga ottrumaiyai" ookkuvippatharkaana sirantha niruvanangalaaga peruniruvanangkal karudhappattana. paasisa thozhirchanga koottamaippugalukku (vivasaayath thozhilaazhargal) thalaimai thaangkiya luigi rasso, porulaathaara amaippugal paasisa aatchikku miga mukkiyamaana arasiyal koorugalai pirathinithiththuvappaduththu endru ninaitthaar, aenenil avai thozhilaazhargalukku mudiveduppathil-kurippaaga porulaathaaraththai ozhungkupaduththuvathil-theeviramaana pangai vazhangkum." inththa "basos corporativism" moolam, porulaathaaramum arasiyalum oru orunginaippai noakki nerungi varuvathaal unmaiyana porulaathaara thaesam thannai nirvagikka vazhigalaik kondirukkum. arasiyal mattrum porulaathaaraththin inththa orunginaippu perumpaalaana paasisa cinticalistugalukku "idathu-paasisa karuththin maiyamaaga" irunththathu, avarkal paasisaththai oru arasiyal yoasanai mattrum kolgaiyaaga aathariththanar, aanaal oru porulaathaara amaippaaga alla. porulaathaarak kuzhukkal mattrum koottu nalangalin keezh ozhungamaikkappatta urpaththi mattrum porulaathaara nadavadikkaigalai ozhungkupaduththuvathae paasisa arasin kadamaiyaaga irunththathu, athae neraththil porulaathaaram adhan sonthamaaga seyalpada anumathikkavillai. musoaliniyum avarathu paasisa aatchiyum. unmaiyana uuthiyak kuraippugalai niruththuvatharkum, vaaraththil 40 manii neraththai paraamarippatharkum, thozhilaazhargalin urimaigalukku uththaravaatham alikkum paasisa thozhilaazhar sattaththai niraivu seiyum oru puthiya "thozhilaazhar saasanaththai" uruvaakkuvatharkum rosoni maerkonda muyarchiyil musolini pathilaliththaar, idhan vilaivaaga thozhilaazhargalukku thelivattra aathaayangkal kidaitthana. aanaal musolini kadantha kaalangalil idhaepoandra thozhilaazhar saarbu anugumuraigalil migavum valimaiyaaga irunthaar. 1919 aam aandu "union italiana dell lavoro" (uil) vaelainiruththaththil paruppuch suththinil ulla "bransai ii gregarini" uloagaviyal aalaiyil, thozhirchaalaigalai thozhilaazhargal aakiramikka avar aathariththaar. avattrai "aakkapoorvamaana vaelainiruththangkal" endru azhaiththa musolini, thozhirchaalai urimaiyaalargaludan "samamaaga" irukka thozhilaazhargalukku urimai undu endrum adhai adaiya vaelainiruththangkalil eedupada vaendum endrum valiyurutthinaar. vaelainiruththam urpaththiyai kurukkidakkoodaathu endrum, urpaththi seyalpaattil samamaaga pankerka thozhilaazhargal viruppam kaattuvathaagavum, vaelainiruththathaith thodarvathil kadamaigalai niraivaettrum thiran iruppathaakavum avarathu mukiya echcharikkai irunththathu. varkka oththulaippai nilainiruththuvatharkaana musoaliniyin athikaarappoorva kolgai irunththapoathilum, itaaliyil ulla "idathu peruniruvanavaathikal" varkka vaerupaadugalai thavirkka mudiyaathavai endru thodarnthu karudhinar, peruniruvanangkal thozhilaazhargalai unmaiyilaeyae eedupaduththa vaendumaanaal varkka adippadaiyilaana amaippugal avasiyam endru nambinar. 1917aam aandin pirpaguthiyil thozhilthuraiyil pinthangkiya naadugalil ulla puratchiyaalarkalukku marabuvazhi maarksiyavaatham perumpaalum poruththamattrathu endru mudivu seitha musolini, mattroru thisaiyil sella mudivu seithaar. muthalaaliththuva varkkam thangal varalaattruk kadamaigalai niraivaettraamalum, oru naattin thozhilthurai ulkattamaippai maempaduththaamalum irunthaal, antha panii makkal mattrum uyaradukku munnoadigalukkuth thiruppividappada vaendum, adharku thozhilaala varkkam mattrum muthalaaliththuva urpaththiyaalargal moolam samoogaththin urpaththi thiranai maempaduththa varkka oththulaippukkaana arppanippu thaevaippadum endru musolini mattrum paasisa arivujeevigal niyaayappaduththinar. urpaththi varkkangkalin puththisaalithanamaana mattrum nermaiyaana aatchi"-varkkangkalukkidaiyaeyana inththa oththulaippai musolini oru puthiya jananayagam endru vivaritthaar."varkkap poaraattaththirku musoaliniyin ethirppu maarksiya seerthiruththavaathigal mattrum samooga jananaayagavaathikalin munththaiya unarvai ethiroliththathu, idhil edward bernstein udpada," "soasalistukal varkkap poar mattrum puratchiyai vida oththulaippu mattrum parinaama valarchchiyai valiyuruththa vaendum"." 1922aam aandukkul paasisaththin puthiya thiruththaththai uruvaakki, "musoaliniyin theevira idathusiranththa kootturavu" theevira valathusari thaesiyavaathamaana capriyal dii 'annunsovudan inainthathu endru silar vaathidugindranar. 1921aam aandin pirpaguthi varai, musolini, thozhirchangkavaaththai aatharikkum idathusaari bhaarambariyaththirku visuvaasamaaga irunththathaaka thanathu narpeyaraith thakkavaiththukkollum muyarchiyil, kurippaaga avarum avarathu paasisath thalaivarkalum thozhilaazhar podhuk koottamaippin (chii. jii. ell) aatharavaip pera mudinthaal, itaaliya faassugalai "paasisa thozhilaazhar katchi" endru marupeyarida virumbinaar endru mattravargal valiyuruththukintranar. musolini moontraavathu paasisa maanaatil (navambar. 7-10,1921) puratchigara soasalistukal mattrum thozhilaazhar sangangalin athikaaraththaik kuraikka muyarchiththa vanmuraik kuzhu poaraaligalai samaathaanappaduththa oru samarasa muraiyil. iruppinum, 1934 vaakkil, musolini thanathu pala santhai muthirvu nilaigalai maattriyamaikkath thodangkinaar, maelum avar itaaliya porulaathaaraththil naangil moontru pangai "arasin kaikalil" vaiththathaaka perumai koorinaar. tholilthuraikku perumalavil cuddon valangkiya munnani vangkigalum, pala periya thozhilthurai niruvanangalum 1930kalin murpaguthiyil meetkappada vaendiyirunththathu. irandu puthiya arasu niruvanangalaana itaaliya thozhilthurai nidhi niruvanam (istitudo mobilier italiano; aii. emm. aii) mattrum thozhilthurai punaramaippu niruvanam (istituto perr laa recostrucian industrial; aii. aarr. aii) aagiyavai thoalviyuttra niruvanangalai viduvikkavum, puthiya thozhilthurai muthaleettirku moolathanaththai vazhangkavum amaikappattana; avai payirchi pettra maelaalargalaiyum tiramaiyaana nidhi maerpaarvaiyaiyum vazhangkina. ithanaal itali oru periya, arasu thalaimaiyilaana thozhilthurai thuraiyai kaiyagappaduththiyathu, idhu vangki, efku, kappal poakkuvaraththu, aayuthangkal mattrum neermin vazhangkal aagiyavattril kurippaaga mukkiyamaanathu. eninum, inththa niruvanangal thaesiyamayamaakkappadavillai. adharku pathilaaka, avarkal santhaiyil thaniyar niruvanangalaaga seyalpattanar, innum pala thaniyar pangkuthaarargalaik kondirunthanar. 1943ill vadakku itaaliyil naajikkalin pommai arasaangkamaaga avar adaikappatta piragu, musolini itaaliya samooga kudiyarasin keezh "samookamayamaakkalai" ookkuviththaar. 1944 aam aandin thodakkaththil, musoaliniyin "samookamayamaakkal sattam" thozhilthuraiyai thaesiyamayamaakka alaippu viduththathu, idhu "thozhirchaalai mattrum vaniga nirvaagaththil thozhilaazhargal pankerka vaendum" endra kolgaiyaith thodarum."

faasist syndicalism faasist syndicalism (jaateeya sindikalisaaniki sambandhinchinadi) anedi oka vaanijya syndicate udyamam ("syndicot" antey frenchlo kaarmika sangham), idhi rendava prapancha yuddhaaniki mundu edmondo rosoni, sergio panunjio, eah. oo. syndicalism yokka 'metafigitian' gaa pariganinchabade georges gonthu prabhaavamtho alivetti, michel biansi, alceste dii ambris, pavolo orano, massimo makka mariyu guido pighetti. faasist syndicalistulu itara rakaala faasijam nundi bhinnamgaa unnaaru, vaaru saadhaaranamgaa varga poraatam, kaarmikula niyantrita karmagaralu mariyu paarisraamikavettala patla satrutvaanni ishtapaddaru, idhi charitrakaarulanu "kudi faasistula nundi teevramgaa bhinnamaina" "vamapaksha faasist aadarsavadulugaa" chithreekarinchadaaniki daariteesindi."saadhaaranamgaa italeelo marinta teevramaina faasist syndicalistulalo okarigaa pariganinchabade rosoni" "faasist syndicalism yokka pramukha pratipaadakuraalu"., mariyu "varga poraatam" thoo jaateeyavaadaanni prerepinchadaaniki prayatninchaaru. viplavaatmaka syndicalism nundi jaateeya syndicalism varaku. konnisaarlu viplavaatmaka sanghavaadaaniki "pitamahudu" gaa ledhaa kaneesam "french sanghavaadulalo pramukha vyakti" gaa pariganinchabade georges gorl, saasanasabhyulu spashtamgaa saamyavaadulu ayinappatikee, parliamentary paarteelu mariyu rajakeeyaala avineeti prabhavalanu edurkovataniki teevravaada kaarmika sanghavaadaaniki maddatu icchaaru. 1920la praarambhamlo lenin, bolshivism mariyu mussolineelaku ekakaalamlo maddatu icchina french marxistga, varga poraatamlo sraamikavargam yokka kaaranaanni mariyu saadhaarana daadula saamaajika puraanaala dwara talette "vipattu dhruveekarana" nuu pracharam chesaaru. syndicalism yokka uddesyam pettubadidaarii vidhananni raddu cheyadaaniki sammelanu nirvahinchadam; daanini rashtra saamyavaadamto bharti cheyadam kaadu, kaarmika-taragati utpattidaarula samajanni nirminchadam. eee gonthu "nijamaina" maarksavaadam gaa pariganinchabadindi. 1908loe raasina thana pustakam "reflections aann himsa" loe, himsaatmaka tirugubaatlalo kaarmikulanu vyavastheekarinchadaaniki, himsaatmaka charyalaku siggupadakudadani kaarmikulanu oppinchadaaniki, vaaru "rajakeeyaalu, ganatantram, deshabhakti" lanu agouravaparachaalani coral "sindiketlaku" samarthananu andinchaadu. eee gollian konamlo, marxist varga pooraataaniki sambandhinchina himsanu, chakkati, veerochitamainadigaa mariyu "nagarikata yokka anaadikaala aasakti" sevagaa ardham chesukovacchu. benito mussolineetho sahaa chaalaa mandhi european soshalistulu viplavaatmaka syndicalistula shrenilo cheraaru, athanu 1904 natiki viplavaatmaka sindikalisaaniki longipoyanani paerkonnaadu, idhi saadhaarana samme samayamlo jarigindani paerkonnaadu, ayinappatikee athanu intaku mundu sindikalisamtho sambandham kaligi unnadu. 1909 natiki, soshalistu paarlamentu sabhyula raajee vidhanalu, prajaasvaamya saamyavaadam vaipu udyamam mariyu "apaaramaina aardhika prayojanaala mayajalam" dwara pralobhaaniki guraina sraamika vargam ksheenatapai teevra niraasaku gurayyaru. goral abhiprayam prakaram, sraamika vargam viplavaatmaka maarpu gurinchi ayana anchanaalaku ledhaa marks yokka "adbhutamaina itihaasam" yokka kalalaku spandinchaledu. maarksavaadam yokka eee punahpariseelana, "socialism chanipoyindi" anae benedetto cross yokka saametanu sweekarinchadaaniki gorreluku daariteesindi."eee kaalamlo, socialism gurinchi vraasina aneka vimarsalu mariyu rachanalu" "maarksavaadam yokka teevra sankshobhaaniki" "pratispandanagaa unnaayi".antonio labriola prakaram, ayana utsaahamgaa daani gurinchi vivarinchi, eee sankshobhaanni soshalijamgaa marcharu." marxism yokka samagrata mariyu medhovaadam ksheenistuu undadamtho, "veerochita sraamika vargam" unikilo ledani ledhaa "burjuwa vargam vale upayogitaavaadam dwara chaalaa avineetiparudainatlu" kanipinchindi."gorrela prakaram, prajaasvaamya-republican prabhutvaala shakti kaarmika vargam yokka viplavaatmaka choravanu taggistondi, idhi jaateeyavaadamto sahaa itara pratyaamnaayaala kosam vetakadaaniki balavantam chesindi, conny racharikam laenidi. socialism yokka eee sankshobhaanni parishkarinchadaaniki, sraamikula yaajamaanyamloni karmaagaaraalaku thana maddatunu konasagistune, samuulamaina jaateeyavaadaanni kaligi unna prajaasvaamya vyatiraeka socialism vaipu moggu chuupaaru, conny mataviswaasaala marxism daani "bhouthikavaada mariyu hetubaddhamaina saaraamsam" nundi vidipoyindi. 1909loe, italeelooni viplavaatmaka syndicalism yokka prabhaavavantamaina patrika ayina enrico leone yokka "ill devenire soshal" loe oka kathanaanni vraasaru, taruvaata dheenini charless mauras "anty parlimentary socialist" anae paerutoe "ell 'action frankise" loe punarmudrinchi, vijaetagaa nilichaadu. jaateeyavaadam mariyu syndicalism vaipu mallina modati vyakti gonthu noppi kaadu. 1902 nundi 1910 samvatsaraalalo italian viplava syndicalistula brundam italian jaateeyavaadaanni sindikalisamtho militam cheyalane lakshyanni praarambhinchindi. taruvaata vaaru "faasist udyama vyavasthaapakulu" ayyaru, mussolini paalanalo "keelaka padavulanu nirvahinchaaru". saadhaaranamgaa, italian syndicalism chivaraku modati prapancha yuddham samayamlo mariyu 1918 yuddha viramana taruvaata nelallo jaateeya sindikalisamgaa kalisipoyindi. french socialism "prajaswamyam" vaipu vaegamgaa tirigi rakapovadam gurinchi vaariddaruu aandolana chendutunnaarani, baleeyamaina saamaajika prajaasvaamya udyamamgaa kalisipoyaarani mauras coral maddatunu swaagatinchaaru. mouraalaku, prajaswaamyaanni pralobhapettadam dwara swaadheenam chesukokunda socialism yokka swachchata dhooramgaa undalsi vachindi, "prajaasvaamya mariyu viswajaneena amsam nundi vimukti pondina socialism jaateeyavaadaaniki saripotundi mariyu baga tayaaru chesina chethi todugulu andamaina chetiki saripotundi."conny eee kaalamlo chaalaa mandhi european soshalistulaku ituvanti aalochanalu asaadhaaranam kaadu, phillip buchez mariyu ferdinand lasalle vanti vaaru" "prajaswaamyaanni truneekarinchi, deshaanni unnata sthaayiki teesukellaaru"."prajaswamyam patla aayanaku unna asahyam kaaranamgaa, gorrelu mariyu syndicalistulu raajakeeya paarteelu mariyu prajaasvaamya samsthalatho paatu" "sraamika vargam yokka marxist niyantrutvam" "nuu tiraskarinchaaru, conny prajaswamyam mariyu ennikala patla carle marks yokka vyatiraekataku kattubadi unnaaru". 1848 viplavamlo thana viplavaatmaka karyakalapalu "prajaasvaamyaaniki vyatiraekamgaa yuddha pranaalika tappa marokati kaadu" anie marks intakumundu angeekarinchaadu." marxismnu rakshinche prayatnamlo, gonthu prajaadarana mariyu jaateeyavaadam yokka samslaeshanha srushti vaipu aakarshinchabadindi, indulo "yoodula vyatiraekata yokka krooramainadi" kooda undhi. eee samayaniki, sraamika vargam thana viplavaatmaka paatranu nirvartinchalekapoyindi kabatti sraamika himsa prabhaavavantamgaa ledani gonthu mariyu itara sanghavaadulu nirdhaarinchaaru, eee anchanaa kaarmika aadhaarita samajanni sthaapinchadaaniki jaateeya-rajyaanni uttama maargamgaa chuudataaniki chaalaa mandini oppinchindi, idhi taruvaata sraamika jaateeyavaadam yokka faasist bhavanaga maarindi. aneka viplavaatmaka sanghavaadulu, 1909loe mouraalanu prasamsimchi, french samagra jaateeyavaadam patla thana saanubhootini pradarsinchina taruvaata, teevramaina jaateeyavaadam yokka aakarshana vaipu athani gorrela samyavaadaanni anusarinchaaru. charless mauras samarpinchina vignapti burjuwa prajaswamyam, ghnaanoodayam mariyu "daani udaaravaadam, daani vyaktivaadam mariyu vyaktula samuuhamgaa samajam yokka bhavanaku vyatiraekamgaa athani jaateeyavaada vidhanam."eee dhorani konasaagindi, 1911 natiki viplavaatmaka sanghavaadulu rendu mukhyamaina jaatyahankaara vyatiraeka raajakeeya pravahalu kalisi, kotta jaateeyavaadam mariyu viplavaatmaka samyavaadaanni yerparachukunnayani angeekarinchaaru."eee ekatvam chivaraku italian faasijam yokka pradhana amsamgaa bayatapadindi, ikkada mussolini swayamgaa ilaa oppukunnaduh" "neenu emito, neenu gonthu noppini bharinchavalasi undhi"."faasisampai pramukha nipunudigaa pariganinchabade izrael charitrakaarudu jeev sternhell, deshapremikatha laeni jaateeyavaadamto syndicalism yokka eee ekikarana" italian viplavaatmaka syndicalism faasist bhaavajaalaaniki vennemukagaa maaradaaniki oka karakamga undani nokki chepparu." faasist syndicalism mariyu utpaadakata. 1920la praarambhamlo "faasist syndicalism jaateeyamainadi mariyu utpaadakata kaliginadi" anie vyaakhyaanistuu, faasijam anae padabandhaanni sindikalisamtho parichayam chesina modati vyaktulalo mussolini okaru... sraamikulu aanandamgaa, garvamgaa, prabhuvulaku birudulugaa maare jaateeya samaajamlo."chaalaa mandhi italian syndicalistulu saamaajika viplavanni" "unnatamaina utpaadakatanu" "andinchadaaniki vegavantamaina parivartanaku oka maargamgaa chuusaaru, mariyu eee aardhika samruddhi jaragalekapothe, ardhavantamaina saamaajika maarpu undadu". utpaadakata" yokka praamukhyatapai syndicalistulu nokkicheppadam anedi 1907loe gorl dwara praarambhinchabadindi, athanu "aardhika saamarthyaanni [sampaadinchina] utpattidaarula sraamika vargam chesina viplavam anie marks bhaavistaadu" anie vaadinchaadu."kaarlo cafiero italianlo prarambha muuladhana parimaanam kosam oka sankalanaanni abhivruddhi chesinappudu, marks thana sahodyogiki" "sraamikula vimukti kosam avasaramaina bhouthika paristhitulu" "pettubadidaarii vidhanam abhivruddhi dwara aakasmikamgaa srushtinchabadaalani gurthu chesaaru (" "denne gaang derr capitalistischen utpatti" ")"." russian antaryuddham mugisina taruvaata mariyu yuddha communism nundi parivartana taruvaata utpaadaka siddhaantaaniki maddatu faasist syndicalistulalo vistarinchindi, adhika nirudyogam mariyu "chaalaa millulu mariyu karmagaralu nilichipoyina vaataavaranaanni choopinchindi; ganulu mariyu boggu parisramalu dhvamsamayyaayi mariyu varadalu vachayi." kotta aardhika vidhanam (nep) pravesapettina taruvaata, italian syndicalistulu maarutunna kaalaaniki anugunamgaa daanini savarinchaalani, daani vyuuhaatmaka lakshyalanu balopetam cheyaalani nirnayinchukuni, sanaatana marxistu nundi marinta dhooramgaa velladam konasaaginchaaru. aardhikamgaa venukabadina vaataavaranamloo saamaajika viplavanni sthaapinchadaaniki prayatninchadam valla kalige pramaadaala gurinchi 1850loe engels icchina heccharikanu anusarinchadamlo russian bolsheviklu viphalamayyaarani vaaru vaadinchaaru. soviet russia aardhika anaaroogyaaniki konni samvatsaraala mundu eee chalanam udbhavinchindi, chaalaa mandhi italian syndicalistulu "vaaru sanaatana maarksavaadamlo kanugonnatlu" bhaavinchina lopaalu mariyu lopaalanu adhigaminchadaaniki prerepinchaaru."pratyaksha charya dwara utpatti saadhanaalapai kaarmikula niyantrananu teesukuraavadaaniki abhivruddhi cheyabadina syndicalism medhaavulu, italii yokka aadima aardhika vyavastha samaajaaniki samaanatvaanni ledhaa samruddhini andinchadani grahinchaaru. burjuwa abhivruddhi chesina parinati chendina parisrama lekunda, vijayavantamaina saamaajika viplavaniki "vargarahita" viplavakaarula maddatu avasaramani vaaru ardham chesukunnaru. mussolini, italian syndicalistulu, jaateeyavaadulu mariyu bhavishyat vaadulatoe kalisi, aaa viplavakaarulu faasistulu avtarani, marxistlu ledhaa itara bhaavajaalam kaadani vaadinchaaru. mussolini mariyu itara syndicalist siddhaantakartala prakaram, faasijam anedi "sraamika deshaala saamyavaadam" avutundi.'" faasist syndicalistulu kooda kevalam punara pampinhee aardhika nirmaanaanni sthaapinchadaaniki badulugaa utpattini penche aalochanatho nimagnamayyaru. italian faasijam mariyu syndicalism yokka pradhana siddhaantakarta ayina sergio panunjio, syndicalistulu pampineedaarulu kakunda nirmaatalugaa untaarani nammadu. bolsheviklu tama aardhika vyavasthanu nirvahinchadam gurinchi thana vimarsalo, russian soviet rajyam sraamikavargampai "niyantrutvam" gaa maarindani, sraamikavargam meeda kaadu anie kooda panunjio nokki chepparu." rosoni mariyu faasist syndicalistulu. 1922 decemberulo faasist syndical corporationla general confederation secretory generalga rosoni empikainappudu, itara italian syndicalistulu "raajakeeya nirmaanaalanu nirminchadam mariyu punarvyavastheekarinchadam" anae lakshyamtho "faasist syndicalism" anae padabandhaanni dhruveekarinchadam praarambhinchaaru... rashtram mariyu shrama yokka samslaeshanha dwara."rosoni mariyu athani faasist syndicalist cader tvaralo" "radikal ledhaa vamapaksha amsaalu" "gaa pariganinchabaddaaru, veeru kaarmikula aardhika prayojanaalanu kaapaadataaniki mariyu vaari varga spruhanu kaapaadataaniki prayatninchaaru"."aardhika vyavasthalo samishti aasaktini pempondinchadaaniki rosoni prayatninchaadu, idhi yajamaanulaku faasist kramasikshanaku lobadi untundi, adhe samayamlo kaarmikulaku aardhika nirnayaalu teesukoovadaaniki marinta gananeeyamaina paatranu andistundi. faasist rajyam yokka praathamika viplavaatmaka disanu nirdesinche prayatnamlo, mussolini yokka "ill popolo dii 'italia" vaartaapatrikalo "faasist sindiketlu matrame viplavanni puurti cheyagalavu" anie prakatistuu, faasist syndicalism mundanjalo undaalani rosoni vaadinchaaru."pettubadidaarii vidhanam" "utpattini uttejaparachadam mariyu abhivruddhi cheyadam kante nirutsaahaparichi, raddu chesindi" "anie, paarisraamikavettalu" "udaaseenata, nishkriyaatmaka mariyu agnaanulu" "anie rosoni thana prarambha pettubadidaarii vyatiraeka vivaadaalalo paerkonnaadu"." 1923 praarambhamlo paarisraamikavettalu, factory yajamaanulu vyapara samajam, pettubadidaarii vidhaanampai faasist syndicalistula moukhika daadula valla aandolana chendutuu, vaarilo chaalaa mandhi "faasistulatoe pooraadataaniki kamyoonistulaku dabbu chellinchadam ippudu telivainadena!" anie aascharyapoyaaru."nirantara daadi konasagadamto, 1926 natiki rosoni paarisraamikavettalanu" "rakta pisaachulu" "mariyu" "labhasati" "gaa chithreekarinchina thana aaropanalalo sthiramgaa unnadu". rosoni pedda paarisraamikavettalanu vaari saamuuhika duraasa kosam lakshyamgaa chesukovadame kakunda, "chinna dukaanadaarula abhyantarakaramaina duraasa" kuu vyatiraekamgaa thana vimarsalanu kooda kendrikarinchadu. konni sandarbhaallo, rosoni yokka kaarmika anukuula vaikharulu paarisraamikavettalanu aandolanaku gurichesaayi, endukante marks yokka "dynamic laa off history" yokka tatvaparamaina vivarana kaaranamgaa, idhi karmagaralapai kaarmikula niyantranaku maddatu ivvadaaniki daariteesindi. paarisraamikavettalaku tama padavulanu sweekarinche chattabaddhamaina hakku undani, conny "kotta sindiketlugaa vyavastheekrutamaina kaarmikulu, command teesukoovadaaniki avasaramaina saamarthyaanni praaveenyam pondhe varaku matrame" anie ayana vaadinchaaru." yajamaanula patla faasist syndicalistula satrutvam 1925 praarambhamlo oka party niyantrutvaanni sthaapinchadaaniki mundu mariyu taruvaata mussolini palanaku raajakeeya ibbandulanu kaliginchindi. conny vivaadaalu unnappatikee, rosoni 1928loe rajinama cheyavalasi vachhe varaku thana padavini konasaginchadu, bahusha jaateeya faasist party sabhyatvaanni adhigaminchina daadaapu 3 millionla balamaina union sabhyatvampai bhayala kaaranamgaa. italeelooni swatantra kaarmika sanghaalu april 3,1926 varaku alfredo rocco yokka syndical chattaala prakaram jaateeyam cheyabadanappatiki, 1922 natiki faasist sindiketlu soshalistu mariyu catholic kaarmika samsthalaku pradhana niyamaka potidaarugaa marai."1920 natiki idi1 sabhyatvaaniki cherukunna taruvaata, swatantra kaarmika samakhya 1922 madhya natiki 4,00,000 mandhi sabhyulaku taggindi. itara sanghaalu kooda anthe paelavamgaa panicheesaayi. 1921loe "popolari" yokka catholic sindiketlalo 12 laksala mandhi sabhyulu unnaaru, conny 1922 chivari bhaagaaniki, adhi 540,000kuu taggindi. ayinappatikee, rosoni mussolini paripaalanalo viluvaina nayakudiga pariganinchaaru, 1930-1943 mariyu itara unnata padavula nundi grand council off faasijamlo sabhyudayyaru. faasist sindiketlalo perigina sabhyatvam chaalaa varaku viplavaatmaka soshalistula naayakatvamlo 1920la praarambhamlo sudeergha factory sammela samayamlo sambhavinchina ksheenistunna aardhika paristhitula valla erpadindi. aakramita karmagaralu aardhika samasyalanu, vaetanaalu chellinchadaaniki nagadu koratanu, utpaadakata sthaayilalo ksheenatanu edurkonnaayi."factory kaarmikulu karmagaralanu vidichipettadam praarambhinchinappudu, kaarmikulanu vaari pani kendraalalo unchadaaniki" "redd guardlu" "niyaminchabaddaaru, konni sandarbhaallo kaarmikulanu" "himsa mupputho pani cheyamani" "balavantam chesaaru"."faasist union samsthala vijayaniki dohadapadindi faasist paarteetho vaari balamaina anubandham, eee vidhananni italian socialist party mariyu itara kaarmika samakhyalu chepattaledu. faasist syndicalism yokka aneka rakalu unnaayi, ivi marinta mitavaadula nundi radikal varaku unnaayi. atyanta teevramaina faasist syndicalistulalo okaru tatwavetta ugo spirito. vamapaksha faasist" gaa pariganinchabade spirito, "avaanchaneeya aardhika kendrikarana lekunda saamuuhika yajamanyam" lakshanaalanu andinchina oka rakamaina yajamanya samstha ayina "corporate" yokka prajaadarana rakam kosam pooraataaniki maddatu ichindi." rosonito paatu, sergio panunjio mariyu eah. oo. charitrakaarulu aalivettini "atyanta pondikaina" italian sindikalistulugaa pariganinchaaru, veerini "faasist left" gaa vargeekarinchaaru. vaaru faasijam mariyu syndicalist bhavajaalaanni parliamentary udaaravaadaaniki pratyamnaayamgaa gurtinchaaru, tadwara kaarmikulu mariyu saamaanya prajala prayojanaalanu munduku teesukelladamto paatu "aardhika vyavasthanu aadhuneekarinchadaaniki"." rosoni prakaram, utpattidaarulalo "aardhika nyayam mariyu saamaajika sangheebhaavaanni" prothsahinchadaaniki kaarporeshanlanu uttama samsthalugaa bhaavinchaaru. faasist kaarmika sanghaala samakhyalaku (vyavasaya kaarmikulu) naayakatvam vahinchina luigi rajjo, aardhika vyavastha samsthalu faasist palanaku atyanta mukhyamaina raajakeeya amsaaniki praatinidhyam vahistaayani bhaavinchaaru, endukante avi kaarmikulaku "nirnayam teesukovadamlo-mukhyamgaa aardhika vyavasthanu niyantrinchadamlo teevramaina paatranu andistaayi"." eee "phosos kaarporetvaadam" dwara, aardhika vyavastha mariyu rajakeeyaalu kalayika vaipu daggaravutunnanduna nijamaina aardhika deshaaniki tananu taanu paripaalinchukune margalu untaayi. rajakeeyaalu mariyu aardhika vyavasthala ekikarana chaalaa mandhi faasist syndicalistulaku "vamapaksha-faasist bhavanaku pradhaanamainadi", vaaru faasijamnu oka raajakeeya aalochana mariyu suutramgaa samarthinchaaru, conny aardhika vyavasthagaa kaadu. aardhika samuuhaalu mariyu saamuuhika prayojanaala krinda nirvahinchabade utpatti mariyu aardhika karyakalapalanu kramasikshana cheyadam faasist rajyam yokka vidhi, ayithe aardhika vyavastha tanantata taanugaa panicheyadaaniki anumatinchadu. mussolini mariyu athani faasist paalana. nijamaina vaetanaala kothanu aapadaniki, vaaraaniki 40 gantala vyavadhini konasaaginchadaaniki, kaarmikula hakkulaku haamii ivvadaaniki faasist kaarmika chattanni puurti chese kotta "charter off laber" nuu roopondinchadaaniki mussolini rosoni chesina prayatnamlo pratispandinchaaru, dheeni phalitamgaa kaarmikulaku aspashtamaina labhalu vachayi. conny mussolini gatamlo ilanti kaarmika anukuula vidhanalalo marinta saktivantamgaa undevaaru. 1919loe daalchinachekkalooni fraanchai ii gregorini loha karmagaramlo jarigina union italiana dell lavoro (uil) sammelo, athanu karmagaralapai kaarmikula aakramanaku maddatu icchaadu. vaatini "srujanaatmaka sammelu" anie pilichi, mussolini kaarmikulaku factory yajamaanulato "samaanatvam" kaligi undataaniki mariyu daanini saadhinchadaaniki sammello paalgonadaaniki hakku undani nokki chepparu. samme utpattiki antaraayam kaliginchakudadani, utpatti prakriyaloo samanamga paalgonadaaniki kaarmikulu sumukhata chuupaalani, sammenu konasaginchadamlo baadhyatalanu nirvartinche saamarthyam rendintinee chuupimchaalani ayana pradhana heccharika chesaaru. varga sahakaranni samarthinchadaaniki mussolini adhikaarika vidhanam unnappatikee, italeelooni "vamapaksha corporate vaadulu" varga vibhedaalanu anivaryam anie bhaavistuunae unnaaru, corporations kaarmikulanu nijaayiteegaa nimagnam cheyalanukunte taragati aadhaarita samsthalu avasaramani vishwasinchaaru. mussolini maroka disalo payaninchaalani nirnayinchukunnadu, 1917 chivari natiki paarisramikamgaa venukabadina deshaalalo viplavakaarulaku sanaatana maarksavaadam chaalaa varaku sambandham ledani muginchaadu. burjuwa vargam tama chaaritraka baadhyatalanu neraverchaleka, oka desham yokka paarisraamika moulika sadupaayaalanu munduku teesukellalekapothe, aaa panini prajaadarana pondina prajalaku, unnatavargaalaku appaginchaalsi untundani, dheeniki sraamika vargam, burjuwa vargaala utpattidaarula dwara samajam yokka utpaadaka saamarthyaanni andinchadaaniki varga sahakaaraaniki nibaddhata avasaramani mussolini, faasist medhaavulu abhiprayapaddaru. vargaala madhya eee sahakaranni mussolini oka kotta prajaswamyam-"utpaadaka vargaala telivigala mariyu nijaayiteegala paalana" gaa abhivarninchaaru."varga pooraataaniki mussolini vyatiraekata edward bernsteintho sahaa marxist samskartalu mariyu saamaajika prajaasvaamyavaadula munupati bhavanni pratidhvaninchindi, vaaru" "soshalistulu varga sangharshana mariyu viplavam kante sahakaram mariyu parinaamaanni nokki cheppalsina avasaram undhi"." 1922 natiki faasisaaniki kotta savarananu teesukuvacchina "mussolini yokka athi-vamapaksha sanghavaadam" gabriel dii annunjo yokka athi-kudi jaateeyavaadamto vileenam ayindani kondaru vaadistunnaaru. 1921 chivari varaku, mussolini ippatikee italian faasesla paerunu "faasist laber party" gaa maarchadaaniki ishtapadataadani itarulu nokkichepparu, mukhyamgaa athanu mariyu athani faasist nayakulu kaarmika samakhya (cgl) maddatunu pondagaligite, kaarmika sanghavaadaaniki maddatu ichhe vamapaksha sampradaayaaniki vidheyudigaa thana khyaatini nilupukune prayatnamlo. mussolini moodava faasist congress (november) loe soshalistulatho thana pratipaadita kaarmika sankiirnaanni vidichipettadu. 7-10,1921) viplavaatmaka soshalistulu mariyu kaarmika sanghaala saktini tagginchadaaniki prayatninchina himsaatmaka squadrist milicialanu saantimpajeyadaaniki sayodhya paddhatiloo. edemaina, 1934 natiki, mussolini thana aneka market-maturity sthaanaalanu tippikottadam praarambhinchaadu mariyu athanu italian aardhika vyavasthalo naaluginta moodu vantulanu "rashtra chetulloki" unchaadani pragalbhalu palikadu. parisramaku bhaareega runaalu icchina pramukha byaankulanu, alaage aneka pedda paarisraamika companylu 1930la praarambhamlo rakshinchaalsi vachindi. rendu kotta prabhutva yajamanya samsthalu, italian industrial finance institute (istituto mobiliare italiano; imi) mariyu institute pharr industrial reconstruction (istituto purr laa recostruzione industrial; iri), viphalamaina samsthalanu rakshinchadaaniki mariyu kotta paarisraamika pettubadulaku muuladhanaanni andinchadaaniki erpaatu cheyabaddaayi; vaaru sikshana pondina nirvaahakulanu mariyu samarthavanthamaina aardhika paryaveekshanhanu kooda andinchaaru. eee vidhamgaa italii bhaarii, prabhutva netrutvamloni paarisraamika rangaanni sampaadinchindi, idhi banking, ukku, shipping, aayudhalu mariyu jalavidyut sarafaraalo mukhyamgaa mukhyamainadi. ayithe, eee samsthalu jaateeyam kaaledu. badulugaa, vaaru marketlo private companylugaa panicheesaaru mariyu ippatikee chaalaa mandhi private vaataadaarulanu kaligi unnaaru. 1943loe uttara italeelo naajeela tolubomma prabhutvamgaa nirbandhinchabadina taruvaata, mussolini italian soshal republic kinda "saanghikeekarana" nuu prothsahinchaadu. 1944 praarambhamlo, mussolini yokka "saanghikeekarana chattam" parisrama jaateeyeekaranaku pilupunicchindi, idhi "kaarmikulu karmagaram mariyu vyapara nirvahanalo paalgonadaaniki" oka vidhananni anusaristundi."

fashist cindicalism fashist cindicalism (qomi cindicalism say mutaliq) eek tajarti sandiket tehreek thee ("sandiket" kaa francisi mein matlab trade union hay) juu dosri jung azeem say pehley kii inqilabi cindicalism tehreek kay zahoor say nikli jiss kii qayadat ziyadah tarr admando rozsoni sarjio penonzio aey. awo. olivati masheel benchi alsiste ddee embers paolo aurano maasmo rokaa aur guido pagheti jorjaz goral kay zeer asar jinhein cindicalism kaa "mabaad altabiyat" samjha jaataa thaa. fashist cindicalist fashism kii deegar shaklon say iss lahaaz say mukhtalif thay kahh wah aam toor parr tabqati jadujahad mazdooron kay zeer control factoriyon aur sanaat kaaron kay saath dushmani kuu tarjih deetay thay jiss kii wajah say morkheen inhein "bayein baazo kay fashist idelist" kay toor parr paish kartay haine juu "daayein fashiston say yaksar mukhtalif thay."aam toor parr atlee mein ziyadah bunyaad parsat fashist cindicalists mein say eek samjhay jaanay waalay rasoni" "fashist cindicalism kay sarkardah haami" "thay.yee aur "tabqati jadujahad" kay saath qoom parasti kuu bharnay kii koshish kii. qomi cindicalism mein inqilabi cindicalism. baaz auqaat inqilabi cindicalism kaa "baap" yaa kumm az kumm "francisi cindicalists mein sarkardah shaqsiyat" samjhay jaanay waalay jarjas goral nay parlimani jamaaton aur seyasat kay badanwan asraat say namatnay kay liye askariyat pasand trade uninism kii himayat kii chahay qanoon saaz waazah toor parr socialist hyee kiyon naha hoan. eek francisi marxi kay toor parr jiss nay 1920 kii dahayi kay awail mein lennon bolshozam aur masulini kii beek waqat himayat kii goral nay tabqati jadujahad mein proltariyah kay maqsad kuu farogh diyaa aur "tabaah kunn polarization" juu aam hadtalon kay samaji afsanay bananay say paida hogi. cindicalism kaa aradah sarmayah daari kuu khatam karnay kay liye hadtalein manzam karnaa thaa. asay riyasati ishterakiyat say tabdil karnaa nahein balkah mazdoor tabqe kay paida kanandgan kay muashiray kii tameer karnaa thaa. iss saray kuu "waaqee sachay" marksiat kay toor parr maanaa jaataa hay. apnee 1908 kii kitaab "akaasi parr tashdad" mein goral nay "syndicates" kaa jawaz farahim kiyaa yaha kahh wah pratashdad baghawaton mein karkanon kuu manzam karnay kii koshish karkanon kuu tashdad kii karwaiyon parr sharmandah naha honay parr qayel karnay aur yaha kahh inhein "seyasat jamhuria aur habb alwatni" kii toheen karnee chahiye. iss gorili maanon mein marxi tabqe kii jadujahad say waabistah tashdad kii tashrih emdah bahadari aur "tehzeeb kay qadeem mafaad" kii khadmat kay toor parr kii jaa sakti hay. behat say europi socialists nay inqilabi cindicalists kii safon mein shamoliyat akhtiyar kii jinn mein beneto masulini bhee shaamil thay jinhon nay daawi kiyaa kahh wah 1904 takk inqilabi cindicalism kay saamney marr chakay thay yaha kehtay hoay kahh yaha eek aam hadtaal kay doraan hawaa thaa halankah wah pehley cindicalism mein malus thay. 1909 takk socialist parliamenterians kii samjhutah karnay waali policion jamhuri ishterakiyat kii taraf tehreek aur proltariyah kii zawal parr juu "bay panah maashi fawaid kay ameeq" say behak gayey thay sarsari mayus how gayey. koral kii raaye mein proltariyah naha tuu inn kii inqilabi tabdili kii tauqaat kaa jawaab day rehaa thaa aur naha hyee maarks kay "shandar mahakawi" kay khwabon kaa. marxism kii iss dobarah tashkhis nay goral kuu benedito cross kii iss kharafat kuu apnanay parr majbur kiyaa kahh "ishterakiyat marr chaki hay."iss arsey kay doraan socialism kay baaray mein koral kii behat see tanqeed aur tehreerein" "marxism kay gehrey behraan" "kay jawaab mein thein.jehaan wah antonio labriola kay mutabiq josh woo kharoosh kay saath iss kii wazahat kartay haine aur iss "behraan" kuu ishterakiyat mein tabdil kirr deetay haine." marxism kii diyanat daari aur danishwarana nazaam khatam how rehaa thaa aur aisa lagtaa hay kahh "bahadar proltariyah" yaa tuu ghair mojud thaa yaa "borzwazi kii tarah afadiyat pasandi say atnaa hyee badanwan thaa."koral kay mutabiq jamhuri-awami hukumaton kii taaqat mazdoor tabqe kay inqilabi aqdaam kuu kamzor kirr rahee thee jiss nay inhein qoom parasti sameet deegar muthbadil talaash karnay parr majbur kiyaa leakin juu kasee baadshahat say khaali thaa. ishterakiyat kay iss behraan kuu hall karnay kay liyay saray say eek aisi jamhuriyat mukhalif ishterakiyat kii taraf maail hoay jiss mein eek bunyaad parsat qoom parasti shaamil hay jabkah wah ubhee bhee mazdooron kii malkiyat waali factoriyon kii himayat parr qayem hay leakin eek mutshadid marxi azm kay tahat iss kay "maadiyat pasand aur aqli johar" say alg how gayaa. 1909 mein koral nay enreco leone kay "ill devenier soshal" mein eek mazmun shaye kiyaa juu atlee mein inqilabi cindicalism kaa eek baasir jaridah hay jasay baad mein charlis morse nay "eel action francees" mein "ainti parliamentary socialist" kay anwaan say dobarah shaye kiyaa aur iss kii himayat kii. shoar qoom parasti aur cindicalism kii taraf badhnay waala pehla shaqs nahein thaa. 1902 say 1910 kay saalon kay doraan atalvi inqilabi cindicalists kay eek cadder nay atalvi qoom parasti kuu cindicalism kay saath jodnay kay mission kaa aaghaz kiyaa thaa. baad mein wah "fashist tehreek kay baanee" bannay waalay thay aur masulini kii hukumat mein "aham ahadon parr faiz thay". aam toor parr atalvi cindicalism balaakhir pehli jung azeem kay doraan aur 1918 kay jung bundi kay baad kay maheenon mein qomi cindicalism mein muthad how gayaa. morse nay koral kii himayat kaa khairmuqadam kiyaa kahh wah donon iss baath parr fakar mund thay kahh francisi ishterakiyat "jamhuriyat" kii taraf apnay rash mein koyee wapsi nahein kii raah parr pahunch rahee hay aur eek mazboot samaji jamhuriyat kii tehreek mein muthad how rahee hay. maraason kay liyay ishterakiyat kii pakezgi kuu jamhuriyat kay behkaw say mahsub honay say baaz rehna padaa yaha aalaan kartay hoay kahh "jamhuri aur aalimi ansar say aazaad ishterakiyat qoom parasti kay saath saath eek achhi tarah say banaya hawaa dastanay bhee eek khubsurat haath kay saath fitt bethta hay."leakin iss arsey kay doraan behat say europi socialists kay liye iss tarah kay khayalat ghair mamuli nahein thay jeesay flip bocheez aur ferdinand laasil jinhon nay" "jamhuriyat kuu haqir qaraar diyaa aur qoom kuu buland kiyaa."jamhuriyat say nafrat kii wajah say goral aur cindicalists nay seyasi jamaaton aur jamhuri idaaron kay saath saath" "proltariyah kii marxi aamriyat" "kuu mustarid kirr diyaa leakin jamhuriyat aur intekhabat kii carle maarks kii mukhalifat kaa farz nibhaya. iss say qabal maarks nay aiteraf kiyaa thaa kahh 1848 kay inqilaab mein inn kii inqilabi sargarmiyan "jamhuriyat kay khalaaf jung kay mansubay kay swaa kachh nahein thein." marxism kuu bachanay kii koshish mein goral nay populism aur qoom parasti kii tarkib kii takhliq kii taraf taujah mabzool karayee jiss mein "sabb say badtamiz saam dushmani" bhee shaamil thee. iss waqat takk goral aur deegar cindicalists nay yaha natijah akhz kiyaa kahh proltari tashdad ghair mosar thaa keunkah "proltariyah apnay inqilabi kirdaar kuu poraa karnay say qaasir thaa"yee eek aisi tashkhis jiss nay behat say logon kuu qomi riyasat kuu proltari parr mubni muashiray kay qayaam kay behtareen zariah kay toor parr dekhnay parr aamadah kiyaa juu baad mein proltari qoom parasti kay fashist tasavur mein shaamil how gayaa. behat say inqilabi cindicalists nay morron kii tareef karnay aur 1909 mein francisi marbut qoom parasti kay liye apnee humdardi kaa izhaar karnay kay baad eek bunyaad parsat qoom parasti kay lalch kii taraf inn kay morliyayi ishterakiyat kii peervi kii. charlis morron nay juu apeel paish kii wah borzwa jamhuriyat roshan khayali aur "iss kii libral azam iss kii infiradiyat aur afraad kay majmuay kay toor parr muashiray kay tasavur kay khalaaf inn kaa qoom parsat naqtah nazar thaa."yaha rajhaan jaari rehaa aur 1911 takk inqilabi cindicalists nay tasleem kiyaa thaa kahh duu aham mukhalif seyasi dhaaray akthay how gayey haine jiss say "eek nayee qoom parasti aur inqilabi ishterakiyat" tashkil payee hay."yaha humm aahingi balaakhir atalvi fashism kay eek baday pehlu kay toor parr saamney aayee jehaan masulini nay khood aiteraf kiyaa:" "mein juu hoan mein iss kii wajah say zakhmi hoan."israeli morakh ziyo stern haill jinhein fashism kaa eek sarkardah maahir samjha jaataa hay nay zoor day kirr kahaa kahh ghair mahab watan qoom parasti kay saath cindicalism kaa yaha inzamam iss baath kaa eek ansar thaa kahh" atalvi inqilabi cindicalism fashist nazariye kii reedh kii huddy kiyon bunn gayaa." fashist cindicalism aur productusum. masulini inn sabb say pehley logon mein say eek thay jinhon nay fashism kay saath cindicalism kaa jamlah paish kiyaa 1920 kii dahayi kay awail mein tabsarah kartay hoay kahh "fashist cindicalism qomi aur paidawari hay... eek aisey qomi muashiray mein jiss mein mahnat eek khushi fakhar kaa eek maqsad aur sharafat kay liye eek laqab bunn jaati hay."ziyadah tarr atalvi cindicalist samaji inqilaab kuu" "aalee paidawariyat" "farahim karnay kay liye teezi say tabdili kay eek zariah kay toor parr dekhtay thay aur agar yaha maashi kasrat naha how tuu koyee bamaani samaji tabdili nahein how sakti. cindicalists kii taraf say "producerism" kii ahmiyat parr zoor asl mein 1907 mein koral nay diyaa thaa jiss nay istedlal kiyaa thaa kahh "maarks iss inqilaab kuu prodiosaron kay proltariyah kaa inqilaab samajhta hay jinhon nay maashi salahiyat haasil kirr lee hay."jabb carlo cafero nay atalvi mein sarmaye kii ibtadayi maqdar kay liye eek majmuah tayaar kiyaa tuu maark nay apnay saathi kuu yaad dilaya kahh" "proltariyah kii aazadi kay liye zaruri maadi halaat" "sarmayah daari kii tarqi say khood bakhud paida honay chahein (" "deane gaing dair captilistine production" ")." rosee khaanah jangi kay ikhtatam aur jangi communism say muntaqli kay baad fashist cindicalists kay darmiyan producerism kay nazariyah kii himayat mein izafah hawaa jiss say bay rozgaari aur eek aisa maahul zahir hawaa jehaan "ziyadah tarr milon aur factoriyon kuu rook diyaa gayaa thaa vovo kaanein aur koyale kii dukanein tabaah how gayein aur sailaab aaa gayey thay." nayee iqtesadi palisi (neep) kay taaruf kay baad atalvi cindicalists nay orthodocs marxi azm say mazeed door jaana jaari rakhaa badaltay hoay waqat kay mutabiq iss parr nazar saani karnay aur iss kay strategic ahdaaf kuu taqwiyat deenay kaa azam kiyaa. inhon nay istedlal kiyaa kahh rosee bolshivek maashi toor parr pasmandah maahul mein samaji inqilaab qayem karnay kii koshish kay khatraat kay baaray mein angles kii 1850 kii tanbiah parr amal karnay mein nakaam rahay haine. yaha bahao soweet roos kii maashi badhali say kayee saal pehley saamney aayaa thaa jiss say ziyadah tarr atalvi cindicalists kuu inn ghaltiyon aur kharabiyon say aagay badhnay parr aamadah kiyaa gayaa thaa juu "inn kaa khayaal thaa kahh wah orthodocs marksiat mein paaye jaatay haine."braah raast kararwai kay zariye paidawar kay zaraye parr karkanon kaa control laanay kay liye tayaar kardah cindicalism kay danishwaron kuu yaha ahsaas hawaa kahh atlee kii qadeem maeshat naha tuu masawaat kii sahulat farahim kirr sakti hay aur naha hyee muashiray kay liye kasrat. borzwa kii taraf say tayaar kardah eek pakhtah sanaat kay baghair wah yaha samajhne lagay kahh eek kamiyab samaji inqilaab kay liye "bay tabaq" inqalabiyon kii himayat darkaar hoti hay. masulini nay atalvi cindicalists qoom paraston aur mustaqabil kay mahireen kay saath mill kirr daawi kiyaa kahh wah inqilabi fashist hoan gay naha kahh marxi yaa koyee aur nazariyah. masulini aur deegar cindicalist nazaryati mahireen kay mutabiq fashism "proltari qomon kaa ishterakiyat" hoga.'" fashist cindicalist bhee mahaz eek dobarah taqsim shadah maashi dahancha qayem karnay kay bajaye paidawar badhanay kay khayaal mein masruf how gayey. atalvi fashism aur cindicalism kay eek baday nazaryati mahir sarjio penonazio kaa khayaal thaa kahh cindicalist taqsim kaaron kay bajaye producerst haine. bolshwekon kay zariye apnee maeshat say namatnay parr apnee tanqeed mein penonazio nay iss baath parr bhee zoor diyaa kahh rosee soweet riyasat proltariyah parr "aamriyat" bunn chaki hay naha kahh proltariyah parr." rosoni aur fashist cindicalist. jabb dasambar 1922 mein rasoni kuu fashist sandikal corporations kii general confeedration kay secertry general kay toor parr muntakhib kiyaa gayaa tuu deegar atalvi cindicalists nay "seyasi dahanchay kii tameer aur tanzim noow kay apnay maqsad mein" fashist cindicalism "keach freez kii tasdiq karnaa sharoo kirr dee... riyasat aur mahnat kii tarkib kay zariye."rozsoni aur inn kay fashist cindicalist cadder kuu jald hyee" "bunyaad parsat yaa bayein baazo kay anaasir" "kay toor parr samjha gayaa jinhon nay" "karkanon" "kay maashi mufadat kaa tahfuz karnay aur apnay tabqati shaoor kuu barqarar rakhnay kii koshish kii."rosoni nay" "maeshat mein ijtemayi mafaad" "paida karnay kii koshish kii juu aajron kuu fashist nazam woo zabt kay taabaa karay gaa jabkah karkanon kuu maashi faislay karnay kay liye ziyadah khaatir khwah kirdaar farahim karay gaa. fashist riyasat kii bunyadi inqilabi samat tay karnay kii koshish mein rasoni nay istedlal kiyaa kahh fashist cindicalism sabb say aagay honaa chahiye inhon nay masulini kay "ill papulo ddee ataliya" akhbaar mein aalaan kiyaa kahh "sarf fashist sandiket hyee inqilaab kuu makmal kirr saktay haine."apnay ibtadayi sarmayah daari mukhalif tanazaat mein rosoni nay daawi kiyaa kahh sarmayah daari nay" "paidawar kuu mutharik aur tarqi deenay kay bajaye asay dabaa diyaa aur asay mansukh kirr diyaa" "aur yaha kahh sanaat kaar" "bay hasee ghair faal aur naadaan thay." 1923 kay awail takk sanaat kaar aur factory maalkaan fashist cindicalists kay karobari baradari aur sarmayah daari parr zabani hamlon say khufzadah how rahay thay jiss say inn mein say kayee kuu yaha soochney parr aksaya kahh kiyaa "fashiston say ladnay kay liye communists kuu adayegi karnaa abb danishmandana hay!"jeesay jeesay muslisil hamlah jaari rehaa 1926 takk rosoni apnay inn alzamaat parr saabat qadm rahay jinn mein sanaat kaaron kuu" "vempire" "aur" "munafa bakhash" "kay toor parr dikhaya gayaa thaa. rozsoni nay naha sarf baday sanaat kaaron kuu inn kay ijtemayi lalch kay liye nishanah banaya balkah "chhotay dukandaron kay jarhana lalch" kay khalaaf apnee tanqeed parr bhee taujah markoz kii. kachh muamilat mein rasoni kay leebar kay haami moqaf nay sanaat kaaron kuu maarks kay "tareekh kay mutharik qanoon" kii falsafiyana tashrih kii wajah say preshan kiyaa jiss kii wajah say wah factoriyon parr karkanon kay control kii mamkanah himayat karnay parr majbur hoay. inhon nay istedlal kiyaa kahh sanaat kaaron kuu apnay ahadon kuu sanbhalne kaa jayez haqh hay leakin sarf iss waqat takk jabb takk kahh "karkanon juu nayey sandiket mein manzam haine kamaan sanbhalne kii matlubah ahlit mein maharat haasil kirr chakay hoan." aajron kay khalaaf fashist cindicalists kii dushmani nay 1925 kay awail mein yakk tarfah aamriyat qayem karnay say pehley aur baad mein masulini kii hukumat kay liye seyasi preshaniyan paida kein. leakin tanazaat kay bawajood raswini nay 1928 mein istefi deenay parr majbur honay takk apnay ahday parr barqarar rahay shayed iss khoof kii wajah say kahh inn kii taqriba 30 laakh mazboot union kii rakniyat nay qomi fashist paarti kii rakniyat kuu behat peeche chhod diyaa thaa. agarcha atlee mein aazaad mazdoor uninon kuu 3 apreel 1926 takk alfaredo roko kay sandikal qawanin kay tahat qomi shakal nahein dee gayee thee leakin 1922 takk fashist sandiket socialist aur catholic kaarkan tanzimon kay liye bharti kaa eek badaa madmaqabil bunn chakay thay."1920 takk 2,000,000 say ziyadah arakeen kii rakniyat takk pahunchnay kay baad 22 kay wast takk leebar kii aazaad general confeedration 400,000 arakeen takk kumm how gayee. deegar uninon nay bhee atnee hyee kharaab karkardgi kaa mazahirah kiyaa. 1921 mein "papulari" kay catholic sandiket kay 12 laakh arakeen thay leakin 1922 kay aakhir takk yaha kumm how kirr 540,000 rahh gayaa. iss kay bawajood rassoni kuu masulini kii intezamiya mein eek qeemati rehnuma kay toor parr samjha jaataa thaa aur wah 1930-1943 aur deegar aalee ahadon say fashism kii azeem alshaan konsal kaa rakan bunn gayaa. fashist sandiket mein badhti hoyee rakniyat kaa ziyadah tarr hasah bigartay hoay maashi halaat say paida hawaa juu 1920 kii dahayi kay awail mein factoriyon kii taweel hadtalon kay doraan paish aayaa thaa jiss kii qayadat inqilabi ishteraki karkanon nay kii thee. qaabiz factoriyon kuu maali masaail ajrat adaa karnay kay liye nqd kii kamee aur paidawari satah mein grawat kaa saamna karnaa padaa."jabb factory kay karkanon nay factoriyan chhodni sharoo kein tuu karkanon kuu inn kay wark stationon parr rakhnay kay liye" "reed guards" "kuu tayinaat kiyaa gayaa kachh muamilat mein karkanon kuu" "tashdad kay khatray mein kaam karnay" "parr majbur kiyaa gayaa."fashist union kii tanzimon kii kamiyabi mein jiss cheez kaa bhee taawan rehaa wah fashist paarti say inn kii mazboot waabistagi thee eek aisi palisi jasay atalvi socialist paarti aur deegar leebar confeedrations nay nahein apnaya thaa. fashist cindicalism kii kayee qasmein thein jinn mein ziyadah aitedal pasand say lay kirr bunyaad parsat takk shaamil thay. ziyadah bunyaad parsat fashist cindicalist mein say eek falsafi yugo spirto thaa. bayein baazo kay fashist" kay toor parr samjhay jaanay waalay spirto nay eek awami qasm kii "corporate azm" kii jadujahad kii himayat kii juu eek qasm kii malkiti corporation hay jiss nay "naapsandidah maashi markaziyat kay baghair ijtemayi malkiyat" kii khususiyat farahim kein." rasoni kay alawah sarjio penonazio aur aey. awo. olivaty kuu "sabb say ziyadah marbut" atalvi cindicalist samjha jaataa thaa jinhein morkheen nay "fashist leaft" kay toor parr darjah bund kiyaa hay. inhon nay fashism aur cindicalist nazariye kuu parlimani libral azm kay muthbadil kay toor parr shanakhat kiyaa taakah karkanon aur aam logon kay mufadat kuu aagay badhanay kay saath saath "maeshat kuu jadeed banaya jaa sakay." rosoni kay mutabiq corporations kuu prodiosaron kay darmiyan "maashi insaaf aur samaji yakjehti" kuu farogh deenay kay liye behtareen idaaron kay toor parr dekha jaataa thaa. loegi razoo juu eek fashist trade union confeedrations (zarayi karkanon) kay sarbarah thay kaa khayaal thaa kahh maashi tanzimein fashist hukumat kay liye sabb say aham seyasi ansar kii numaindagi karti haine keunkah wah karkanon kuu faislah saazi mein sanjidah kirdaar farahim karein gee-khaas toor parr maeshat kuu manzam karnay mein." iss "fakoos corporate azm" kay zariye haqeeqi maashi qoom kay paas khood parr hukumat karnay kay zaraye hoan gay keunkah muashiyat aur seyasat eek humm aahingi kii taraf badh rahay haine. seyasat aur muashiyat kaa yaha itehad ziyadah tarr fashist cindicalists kay liye "bayein baazo kay fashist tasavur kaa bunyadi hasah" thaa jinhon nay fashism kuu eek seyasi khayaal aur asul kay toor parr barqarar rakhaa leakin maashi nazaam kay toor parr nahein. fashist riyasat kaa farz paidawar aur maashi sargarmiyon kuu nazam woo zabt mein laana thaa juu maashi grohon aur ijtemayi mafaad kay tahat manzam hoti haine jabkah abb maeshat kuu apnay toor parr kaam karnay kii ajazat nahein hoti hay. masulini aur iss kii fashist hukumat. masulini haqeeqi ujraton mein katoti kuu roknay 40 ghantay kay haftay kuu barqarar rakhnay aur eek neeya "charter aaf leebar" bananay kii koshish mein rosoni kay liye jawabdah rehaa thaa juu karkanon kay haqoq kii zamanat kay liye fashist leebar qanoon saazi kuu makmal karay gaa jiss kay natijay mein mahnat kay liye mubham fawaid hoay. leakin maazi mein masulini asee tarah kay leebar kay haami tareeqon mein ziyadah taqatwar rehaa thaa. 1919 mein daal kii baari mein "frunchise ayee gregorini" dhaati plant parr "union ataliyana dail laaro" (yuu aayee eel) hadtaal mein iss nay factoriyon parr karkanon kay qabze kii himayat kii. inhein "takhliqi hadtalein" qaraar deetay huay masulini nay asraar kiyaa kahh karkanon kuu factory maalkaan kay saath "barabari" kaa haqh hay aur asay haasil karnay kay liye hadtalein karnaa hay. inn kii bunyadi intebah yaha thee kahh hadtaal say paidawar mein khalal naha paray aur yaha kahh kaarkan paidawar kay amal mein baraabar kay toor parr hasah leenay kii aamadgi aur hadtaal kay taaqib mein zamah daariyon kuu nibhanay kii ahlit donon kaa mazahirah kartay haine. masulini kii sarkaari palisi kay bawajood juu kahh tabqati taawan kuu barqarar rakhti hay atlee mein "bayein baazo kay corporatist" tabqe kay ikhtelafat kuu naguzir samajhte rahay yaha maantay hoay kahh agar corporations kuu haqeeqi maanon mein karkanon kuu shaamil karnaa hay tuu tabqe parr mubni tanzimein zaruri haine. masulini nay eek aur samat mein aagay badhnay kaa faislah kiyaa thaa 1917 kay aakhir takk yaha natijah akhz kiyaa thaa kahh orthodocs marxi azm sanaati toor parr pasmandah mamalik mein inqalabiyon kay liye bury hadd takk ghair mutaliqah thaa. masulini aur fashist danishwaron nay istedlal kiyaa kahh agar borzwazi apnee tarikhi zamah daariyon kuu poraa nahein kirr sakti aur kasee qoom kay sanaati bunyadi dahanchay kuu aagay nahein badhaa sakti tuu iss kaam kuu maqbool awaam aur ashrafiya kay aagay badhnay waalon kay hawalay karnaa paray gaa jiss kay liye tabqe kay taawan kay azam kii zarurat hogi taakah proltariyah aur borzwazi paida karnay waalon kay zariye community kii paidawari salahiyat kii khadmat kii jaa sakay. masulini nay tabqat kay darmiyan iss taawan kuu eek nayee jamhuriyat kay toor parr biyaan kiyaa-"paidawari tabqat kii eek samajhdar aur aimandar hukumat."masulini kii tabqati jadujahad kii mukhalifat marxi aslaah kaaron aur samaji jamhuriyat pasandon kay pehley jazbaat kii bazgasht thee jinn mein edward brunstein bhee shaamil thay jinhon nay kahaa kahh" "ishteraki grohon kuu tabqati tanazaat aur inqilaab kay bajaye taawan aur irtaqaa parr zoor deenay kii zarurat hay." kachh logon kaa kehna hay kahh "masulini kii intehayi bayein baazo kii cindicalism" nay gabriyal ddee anonzo kii intehayi daayein baazo kii qoom parasti kay saath zam how kirr 1922 takk fashism kii eek nayee tarmim kuu janam diyaa thaa. dosron kaa daawi hay kahh 1921 kay aakhir takk masulini nay trade uninism kii himayat karnay kii bayein baazo kii rawayat kay wafadar honay kii haisiyat say apnee saakh barqarar rakhnay kii koshish mein atalvi faasees kaa naam badal kirr "fashist leebar paarti" rakhna pasand kiyaa khaas toor parr agar wah aur iss kay fashist rehnuma general confeedration aaf leebar (see jee eel) kii himayat haasil kirr saktay haine. masulini nay teesri fashist congress (noow. 7-10yee 1921) inqilabi socialists aur leebar uninon kii taaqat kuu kumm karnay kii koshish karnay waalay pratashdad squadersty milishiaon kuu mutmain karnay kay liye masalhati andaaz mein. behar haal 1934 takk masulini nay apnee market kii pakhtagi kii behat see positionon kuu altna sharoo kirr diyaa aur fakhar kiyaa kahh iss nay atalvi maeshat kaa teen chothayi hasah "riyasat kay haathon" mein ddaal diyaa hay. sarkardah benkon jinhon nay sanaat kuu behat ziyadah qarz diyaa thaa kuu 1930 kii dahayi kay awail mein bachana padaa jaisa kahh behat see bury sanaati companiyon kuu hawaa. duu nayee sarkaari holding companiyan atalvi industrail fanans insity teut (istituto monobiarie italiano vovo imi) aur insity teut faar industrail reconstruction (istituto per l ricostruzione industriale vovo iri)yee nakaam farmon kuu bachanay aur nayee sanaati sarmayah kaaree kay liye sarmayah farahim karnay kay liye qayem kii gayein. inhon nay tarbiyat yaaftah maneejaron aur mosar maali nigrani bhee farahim kii. iss tarah atlee nay eek behat badaa riyasati qayadat waala sanaati shobah haasil kiyaa juu banking steel shupping aslaha aur punn bajli kii farahami mein khaas toor parr aham thaa. tahim inn farmon kuu qomi nahein banaya gayaa. iss kay bajaye wah bazaar mein najee companiyon kay toor parr kaam kartay thay aur phir bhee inn kay behat say najee shayer holders thay. 1943 mein naaziyon kay liye kathh patli hukumat kay toor parr shamali atlee mein mahsur honay kay baad masulini nay atalvi samaji jamhuria kay tahat "samaji kaaree" kuu farogh diyaa. 1944 kay awail mein masulini kay "samaji kaaree kay qanoon" mein sanaat kuu qomi bananay kaa mutalibah kiyaa gayaa juu eek aisi palisi parr amal piraa how jehaan "karkanon kuu factory aur karobari intezam mein hasah leena how."

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=17731598

Leopoldo Marenco

Leopoldo Marenco Leopoldo Marenco (Nov. 8, 1831 – April 30, 1899) was an Italian dramatic poet, now known as a librettist. Life. Born at Ceva, his father was Carlo Marenco. Like his father he held a government post under the Treasury Department, one which took him to Sardinia. In 1860 he became professor of Latin literature at Bologna University, and later occupied a similar chair at Milan University. In 1871 he retired to Turin. Works. His plays in verse, written after 1860, are more notable for their lyrical qualities than for dramatic technique. Among them are: Subjects from modern and medieval history were treated by him, and he followed his father's example in drawing from Dante. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

leopoldu marenoku leopoldu marenku (nobo. 8, 1831-30 april, 1899) ejon italy natokiyo kobi aasil, ji etiya ejon muktibid hisape porisito. jiwan. sibhat jonmogrohon koraa teur pitri aasil carlo marenoku. pitrir dore teu kuxagar bibhagor odhinot etaa sorkari podd dokhol korisil, jituwe teuk sardiniyaloi loi goisil. 1860 sonot teu bulunia biswobidyaloyot letin xahityor odhyapok hoisil, aaru pisoloi milan biswobidyaloyot ekedhoronor aaxon dokhol korisil. 1871 sonot teu turinoloi owoxor grohon kore. kaam kore. 1860 sonor pisot likha teur podyor natokbur natokiyo kouxolotkoi gitor gunagunor baabe odhik ullekhjugyo. iyar bhitorot aase "chelste", "tempeste alpine", "marchelina", "ill falconir di pietra ardena", "adelesia" "laa femiglia", "carmela", "piccarda dunati", "safu", "ror" salinda "aadi. aadhunik aaru modhyojugiyo itihaxor bixoiburok teu sikitsa korisil, aaru teu danter poraa chitro aakot teur pitrir udahoron onuxoron korisil.

leopoldo marenko leopoldo marenko (navembar. 8, 1831-30 april, 1899) ekjon italiya natakiya cobby chhilen, jini ekhon ekjon gronthokar hisabe porichito. jeebon. sevate jonmogrohonkari taanr baba chhilen carlo marenko. taanr babar moto tini treasury bibhager adhine ekti sarkari podey adhisthito chhilen, jaa taanke sardinia niye yaay. 1860 saale tini bolonia bishwobidyaloye lattin sahityer adhyapak hohn ebong porey milan bishwobidyaloye ekoi dharaner ekti cheyarer dayitto palon corren. 1871 saale tini turin theke abosar grohon corren. kaaj korey. 1860 saaler porr rachito taanr padyadharmi natakguli natakiya kaushaler cheye gitikritar gunabolir jonno beshi ullekhjoggo. egulir modhye royeche "celeste", "tempeste alpine", "marcelina", "ill falconnier dii pitra ardena", "adelasia" "laa familia", "carmela", "picarda donati", "saffo", "rosalinda" ityadi. adhunik oo madhyayugiya itihaser vishayguli niye tini alochona korten ebong dante theke aankar khettre tini taanr pitar udaharan anusaran korten.

leopoldo marenko leopoldo marenko (november. 8, 1831-30 april, 1899) aek italian naatkeey kavee hataa, jeo havey libratist tareeke odakhaay chhe. jeevan. sevama janmela temnaa pitaa carlo marenko hataa. temnaa pitani jaim teo treasury vibhag hethal sarkari pada parr hataa, jeey temne sardiniya laee gayo hato. 1860maan teo bologna universityma lattin sahityanaa prophesara banyaa aneey baadmaa milan universityma pann aavee jaj khurshi sambhaali hatee. 1871maan teo turinma nivrutt thayaa. kaama karey chhe. 1860 pachhi lakhaayela temnaa padhyana natako, naatkeey takneek karataa temnaa bhavatmak guno maate vadhu nondhpaatra chhe. temaa "celeste", "tempeste alpine", "marcellina", "ila falconier dii pietra ardena", "adelasia" "laa femilia", "carmella" "picarda donati", "sepho", "rosalinda" vagereno samaavesh thaay chhe. aadhunik aneey madhyayugin itihaasnaa vishhayone temane anusaryaa hataa, aneey temane dantemathi chitrakamma temnaa pitana udaharanne anusaryu hatoo.

leopoldo marenco leopoldo marenco (nava. 8, 1831-30 aprail, 1899) ack italvi naatakiya kavi they, jinhen abb ack libratist key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. jeevan. seeva mein janme unake pitaa carlo marenco they. apane pitaa kii tarah way koshagar vibhaag key tahat ack sarkari pada parr they, joe unhein sardinia leey gayaa. 1860 mein way bologna vishvavidyalaya mein lattin saahitya key professor baney aur baad mein milan vishvavidyalaya mein isi tarah kii ack kursi parr baithe. 1871 mein way turin mein sevaanivritt hoe gaye. kaam kartaa haye. 1860 key baad likhe gaye unake padya naatak naatakiya takneek kii tulanaa mein apane geetaatmak gunon key liye adhik ullekhaniya hain. unamen seey "celeste", "tempeste alpine", "marcelina", "ill falconier dee pietra ardena", "adelasia" "laa famiglia", "carmella" "picarda donati", "saifo", "rosalinda" aadi hain. aadhunik aur madhyayugeen itihas key vishayon koo unake dwara maanaa jaataa thaa, aur unhone daante seey chitra banaane mein apane pitaa key udaaharan kaa anusaran kiya.

leopoldo marenko leopoldo marenko (november. 8, 1831-april 30,1899) obba italian natakiya kaviyagiddu, eega libretist endu kareyalpaduttiddaane. jeevana. sevaadalli janisida avara tande carlo marenko. tanna tandeyanteye aata khazane ilaakheya adiyalli sarkari huddeyannu hondiddaru, adhu aatanannu sardiniakke karedoyyitu. 1860ralli avaru bologna vishvavidyaalayadalli lattin saahityada praadhyaapakaraadaru mattu nantara milan vishvavidyaalayadalli idhe reetiya pithavannu alankarisidaru. 1871ralli avaru turinge nivruttaraadaru. kelasa maaduttaane. 1860rahra nantara bareyalaada padyadallina avara natakagalu natakiya tantrakkinta hechchaagi avugala bhavagitatmaka gunagalige hecchu gamanarhavagive. avugalalli "celeste", "tempeste alpine", "marcellina", "ill falconier dii pietra ardena", "adelesia" "laa familia", "carmela" "picarda donati", "sapho", "rosalinda" ityaadi serive. aadhunika mattu madhyakaalina itihaasada vishayagalannu aata pariganisidanu mattu daanteninda chithrisuvalli aata tanna tandeya udaaharaneyannu anusarisidanu.

leopoldo marengo leopoldo marengo (november. 8, 1831-epril 30,1899) oru itaaliyan naadakeeya kavayitriyaayirunnu, ippol librettist ennariyappedunnu. jeevitam. sevayil janicha addehathinte pithaav carlo marengo aayirunnu. pithaavineppole addeham treasury vakuppinu keezhil oru sarkkar tasthika vahichirunnu, athu addehathe sardiniyayilekku kondupoyi. 1860ll addeham bologna sarvakalashaalayil laattin saahithyathinte professoraayi, pinneedu milan sarvakalashaalayil samanamaaya oru kaserayil jolie cheythu. 1871ll addeham tourinil ninnu viramichu. jolie cheiyunnu. 1860 nuu sesham ezhuthiya addehathinte padhya naadakangal naadakeeya saankethikathayekkaal avayude gaanagunangalkk sradheyamaanu. avayil "selest", "tempest alpine", "marselina", "ill falconnier dii piyatra ardena", "adelesia" "laa familia", "carmela" "picarda donatti", "saspo", "rosalinda" muthalaayava ulppedunnu. aadhunika, madhyakala charithratthile vishayangale addeham kaikaaryam cheyyukayum daantheyil ninnu varaykkunnathil pithaavinte maathruka pinthudarukayum cheythu.

leopoldo marenko leopoldo marenko (november. 8, 1831-30 april, 1899) heey eka italian natyamay kavee hote, jyanna aata libratist mhanoon olakhale jaate. jeevan. seva yethe janmalele tyache vadil carlo marenko hote. tyachya vadilanpramanech tyane koshagar vibhagantargat sarkari padd dharan kele, jeey tyala sardiniyala gheuun gele. 1860 madhye teey bolonya vidyapithat lattin sahityache pradhyapak jhaale aanee nantar milan vidyapithat ashach prakarchi khurchi ghetali. 1871 madhye teey turin yethe nivrutt jhaale. kaam karate. 1860 nantar lihileli tyanchi padyatil natake natya tantrapeksha tyanchya bhavgitatmak gunansathi adhik ullekhaneey aahet. tyapaiki 'celeste', 'tempeste alpine', 'marcelina', 'ill falconier dii pietra ardena', 'edelasia', 'laa famiglia', 'carmela', 'picarda donati', 'sapho', 'rosalinda' ityadi aahet. aadhunik aanee madhyayugeen itihasatil vishayanna tyanni hatalale aanee dantemadhun rekhatanyat tyanni aaplya vadilanchya udaharanache anusaran kele.

leopoldo marenko leopoldo marenko (november. 8, 1831-april 30,1899) ek italian natakiya kawi thie, jaslai ahile libretist bhanera chininchha. jiwan. sebhama janmeka unka buba carlo marenko thie. afno buba jastai unle treasury vibhagantargat sarkari pada samhaleka thie, jasle unlai sardinia lagayo. sann 1860 maa uni bologna vishwavidyalayama lattin sahityaka pradhyapak bane, rar pachhi milan vishwavidyalayama yastai kursima base. sann 1871 maa uni turinma sewaniwritta bhae. kaam garchha. sann 1860 pachhi lekhieka unka padya natakharu natakiya prawidhibhanda uniharuko bhawatmak gunharuka lagi badhi ullekhaniya chhan. timadhye "celeste", "tempeste alpine", "marcelina", "eal falconier dii pietra ardena", "adelasia" "lah famiglia", "carmela" "picarda donati", "sepho", "rosalinda" adi chhan. adhunik rar madhyayugin itihaska vishayaharulai unle wyawahar gare, rar unle dantebata rekhachitra banaunama afno bubako udaharan pachhyae.

leopoldo marenko leopoldo marenko (navember. 8, 1831-april 30,1899) jane italiah natakiah kabi thile, jieki bartamana jane libretist bhabe janashuna. zeeban. sebhare janmita taanka pita carlo marenko thile. taanka pitanka pari shay treasury bibhaga adheenare eka sarkari padabeere rahithile, jaahaa tanku sardiniaaku nei jaithila. 1860 masihare shay bologna biswabidyalajare latin sahityara professor hoithile ebong parey milan biswabidyalajare samaana chejarare adhisthita hoithile. 1871 masihare shay turinaku absar neithile. kaama kare. 1860 masiha parey likhita taanka padare natakagudika natakiah kaushala apekhya geetikara guna paain adhika ullekhaneeah. segudika madhyare rahichhi "celest", "tempest alpine", "marcelina", "eal falconier dii pietra ardena", "adelasia" "laa famiglia", "carmela", "picarda donati", "sepho", "rosalinda" ityadi. adhunika ebong madhyajugeeja itihasara bisajagudika taanka dwara chikitsa karajauthila, ebong shay danteru chitra ankana karibare taanka pitanka udaharana anusarana karithile.

leopoldo marenco leopoldo marenco (navv. 8, 1831-30 aprail, 1899) ikk italvi nataki kavee see, jiss noon hunn ikk liberatist vajon janhiaa jaanda haii. jeevan. seeva witch paida hoye, uss dey pitaa carlo marenco sunn. aapne pitaa wang uh khazana vibhag dey adheen ikk sarkari ahude utte sunn, joe unhan noon sardinia lae giaa. sann 1860 witch uh bolona university witch latini saahit dey professor baney atey baad witch milan university witch vee isey tarahan dee kursi utte baithe. sann 1871 witch uh turin toon sevamukt hoow gaye. kamm karda haii. 1860 toon baad likhe gaye uss dey kavita witch natak nataki takneek naalon aapne geetan dey gunan laee vadhere mahattavpuran hunn. inhan witch "celest", "tempest alpine", "marcelina", "ill falconier dee pieter ardena", "adelesia" "laa femiglia", "carmela" "picarda donati", "saizo", "rosalinda" aadi shamal hunn. aadhunik atey madhkali itihaas dey vishiaan noon uhanan duaara pesh keeta giaa see, atey uhanan neey daante toon chittarkari witch aapne pitaa dee udaharan dee palna keeti.

leopoldo maarenko leopoldo maarenko (nava. 8, 1831-april 30,1899) ekaha italian-natakiyaha kavihi aasit, yah adhunaa librettist iti namna prasidhah asti. jeevati. sevaa-nagare janma praapnot tasya pitaa carlo maarenko aasit. pituhu iva saha koshaagaaravibhaagasy adheene sarvakaareeyapadam avahat, yat tam sardinia-nagaram prati agruhnaat. 1860 tame varshe saha bologna-vishvavidyaalaye lattin-saahityasya pradhyapakaha abhavat, anantaram milan-vishvavidyaalaye api tathaiva peetham praptavan. 1871 tame varshe saha turin-nagaram prati nivruttah abhavat. karyam karoti. 1860 tamaat varshaat anantaram likhitaani tasya padya-natakaha naatakeey-tantrasya apekshayaa geeta-gunaihi adhikaani ullekhaneeyaani santi. teshu "celeste", "tempeste alpain", "marcelina", "ill falconier dii pietra ardena", "adlasia" "laa famiglia", "carmela" "picarda donati", "sepho", "rosalinda" ityadini santi. aadhunik-madhyayugeen-itihasasya vishayaan saha abhisambodhanam akarot, tathaa cha daante-chitraat chitrayitum swapituh udaharanam anusrutya cha.

leopolto marenco leopolto marenco (navambar. 8, 1831-aepral 30,1899) oru itaaliya naadagak kavignar aavaar, ippoathu avar oru nooliyal nipunar endru azhaikkappadugiraar. vaazhkkai. sevaavil pirantha avarathu thanthai carlo marenco aavaar. thanathu thanthaiyaip poalavae avar karuvoolath thuraiyin keezh oru arasaangkap padhaviyai vagiththaar, adhu avarai saardiniyaavukku alaiththuch sentrathu. 1860 aam aandil avar bologna palkalaikkazhagaththil latheen ilakkiyaththin paeraasiriyaraaga aanaar, pinnar milan palkalaikkazhagaththil idhaepoandra naarkaaliyil paniyaattrinaar. 1871ill avar tourinukku oaivu pettraar. vaelai seikirathu. 1860 kkup piragu ezhuthappatta avarathu vasana naadagangal, viyaththagu nutpaththai vida avattrin paadal gunangalukkaaga migavum kurippidatthakkavai. avattril "selestee", "tempestee albine", "marcelina", "ill falconier dii pietra ardena", "adelesia" "laa famiclia", "carmela" "bicarda donati", "safo", "rosalinda" poantravai adangkum. naveena mattrum idaikkaala varalaattraich saerntha pirajaikal avarudan nadaththappattanar, maelum avar dantilirunthu varaithalil thanathu thanthaiyin munmaathiriyaip pinpattrinaar.

leopoldo marenko leopoldo marenko (november. 8, 1831-april 30,1899) oka italian naatakeeya kavi, ippudu libretist gaa prasiddhi chendaaru. jeevitam. sevalo janminchina ayana tandri kaarlo marenko. thana tandrilaage athanu treasury vibhagam krinda prabhutva padavini nirvahinchaadu, adhi atanni sardiniaku teesukellindi. 1860loe athanu bologna vishwavidhyaalayamlo latin saahitya professor ayyadu, taruvaata milan vishwavidhyaalayamlo idhe vidhamaina kurcheeni chepattadu. 1871loe ayana turinku padavee viramana chesaaru. pani chestundi. 1860 taruvaata vraayabadina ayana padya natakalu naatakeeya saanketikata kante vaati saahitya lakshanaalaku prasiddhi chendaayi. vaatilo "selaste", "tempeste alpine", "marcellina", "ill falconier dii pietra ardena", "adelesia" "laa famiglia", "carmela" "piccarda donati", "sasopho", "rosalinda" modalainavi unnaayi. aadhunika mariyu madhyayuga charitraku chendina vishayalanu ayana pariseelinchaaru, mariyu athanu dante nundi geeyadamlo thana tandri udaaharananu anusarinchaadu.

leopoldo maryanko leopoldo maryanko (noow. 8yee 1831-30 apreel 1899) eek atalvi dramayi shayer thaa jasay abb libretist kay naam say jaana jaataa hay. zindagi. seeva mein paida huay inn kay waalid carlo maryanko thay. apnay waalid kii tarah wah mohkamah khazanah kay tahat eek sarkaari ahday parr faiz thay juu inhein sardinia lay gayaa. 1860 mein wah bologna university mein laatini adab kay professor banay aur baad mein milan university mein bhee asee tarah kii karsi parr faiz hoay. 1871 mein wah toreen say retire hoay. kaam kartaa hay. 1860 kay baad likhay gayey inn kay nazmon mein dramayi taknik kay muqabilay mein inn kii geeth kii khususiyat kay liye ziyadah qaabil zakar haine. inn mein "celestay"yee "tempstay alpayan"yee "marcelina"yee "ill falconier ddee petra ardina"yee "edelsia" "laa femiglia"yee "carmela" "pakkarda donati"yee "safo"yee "rozalanda" waghairah shaamil haine. jadeed aur qaroon wastee kii tareekh kay mazamin kay saath inn kaa salok kiyaa gayaa aur inhon nay daantay say drying mein apnay waalid kii misaal parr amal kiyaa.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=31784831

Withering Tights

Withering Tights 2010 book by Louise Rennison Withering Tights is the first in a series of books written by Louise Rennison called The Misadventures Of Tallulah Casey. The books are published HarperCollins. Published in July 2010 in the United Kingdom, this book was awarded a Roald Dahl 'funny' prize. Plot. Tallulah Casey, a lanky girl worried about her knees and underdeveloped cleavage, is off to stay at a drama performance workshop centre in Yorkshire called Dother Hall. There she meets the Tree Sisters (Flossie, Vaisey, Honey and Jo). Together they all go through boys, snogging and bad acting. Will Tallulah stay for another term? Will she get the boy of her dreams? And will it be Alex, the older brother of her friend Ruby, Charlie, the perfect guy who loves her knobbly knees, despite the fact he has a girlfriend, or evil Cain, lead singer of the local band, who doesn't seem to realise that Tallulah's nose is not an ice cream?

xukai juwa soxoma luis renisonor likha kitapor etaa sringkholar bhitorot watering tites hoise prothomtu jaak dyo midadencers owo tyalulah kesi buli kuwa hoy. kitapbur harpercollins prokax koraa hoy. 2010 sonor julyte juktorajyot prokaxito ei gronthokhon roald daal 'funny' botare xonmanito hoisil. plot. aathu aaru obikoxito faator baabe sintit egoraki lukuwa suwali tollulah kesi iyorkoswayaror dodd 'thaar holl naamor ekhon naatok prodorxon kormoxala kendrot thakiboloi ulaise. taat taai gosor bhognixokolok (flo 'chi, bhaisi, mou aaru ju) log paay. ekeloge teuluk xokoluwe lo "raa-suwali, snogging aaru beyaa obhinoyor maajere paar hoy. talulah aan etaa karzokalor baabe thakibone? taai taair xopunor lo "raatu paab neki? aaru teur bondhu rubir dangor bhatri alex hoh "bob neki, charley, nikhut manuh ji taair nubol aathu bhaal paay, jodiu teur egoraki premika aase, baa dusto kein, sthaniyo bendor mukhyo gayok, ji onubhob nokore je tollular naak aaiskrim nohoy?

shukno chashma luis renison rachito dya misadventurers off talulah kessy naame ekti boiyer sirijer modhye withering tites prothom. boiguli herpercollins prokashito hoy. 2010 saaler julai maase juktorajye prokashito eyi boiti ekti roald dull 'mojar' puraskar laav korey. plot. tallulah kessy, ekti lomba meye, jey taar hantu ebong onunnoto futtle niye chintito, earkshire ekti natok performance workshop centere thucker jonno raona hoyeche, jaa dodar holl naame porichito. sekhane seey gacher bonder (flossy, vaisi, madhu ebong jooe) saathe dekha korey. taaraa sobai mille chheleder, snogging ebong kharap abhinoyer modhyo diye yaay. talulah kii arow eka meyade thakbe? seey kii taar swapner chheleke paabe? ebong etaa kii alex hobey, taar bondhu rubir borh bhai, charley, nikhunt looka jey taar ghunti hantu bhalobase, jodio taar ekjon bandhobi achhe, baa dushto keyne, sthaniya bander prodhan gayak, jey bujhte paare naa jey talulahr nakti icecream noy?

sukai rahelee chaddio louis renison dwara lakhaayela pustakoni shreneema 'dhaa misadventurers off tallulah kesee' tareeke odakhaati 'vidar tites' pratham chhe. aaa pustako harpercollins prakashit thaay chhe. julai julai united kingadamma prakashit thayela aaa pustakne roownald dahl 'ramooji' puraskar enayat karvaamaa aavyo hato. plooat. tallulah kesee, aek laambi chhokari jeey tenaa ghoontan aneey avikasit faat vishe chintit chhe, teey yorkshirema dother holl naamnaa naatak pradarshan workshop centermaa rahevaa maate neekali chhe. tyaan teey vrukshnee baheno (flossy, vaisi, madha aneey jooe) neey maley chhe. teo badhaa eksaathe chhokarao, snogging aneey kharaab abhinaymathi pasaar thaay chhe. shun tallila vadhu aek mudat maate raheshe? shun teey tenaa sapnaano chhokaro melavashe? aneey shun teey alex hashe, tenaa mitra rubino moto bhaai, charley, sampoorn vyaktee jeey tenaa ghoontanni ghoontanne prem karey chhe, tenee girlfriend hovaa chhataa, athavaa dusht qena, sthaaneek bendnaa mukhya gaayak, jene khyaal nathee aavto keey tallulahnu naak iscream nathee?

murajhaate hue chaddi louis renison dwara likhit pustakon kii ack shrinkhala mein pahali baar withering tite haye jise tallula kessy kaa dussahas kahaa jaataa haye. kitaaben harpercollins prakaashit kii jaati hain. julaai 2010 mein united kingdam mein prakaashit iss pustak koo ack rolled dahl 'funny' puraskar seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. plot. apane ghutanon aur avikasit daraar key baare mein chintit ack lankey ladki, tallula cassie, yorkshire mein ack naatak pradarshan karyashala kendra mein rahane key liye ravaana hoe gaee haye jise dother holl kahaa jaataa haye. vahaan vaha pedh kii bahanon (flossy, vaisi, shahad aur joe) seey milati haye. way sabhi ladakon, snogging aur kharaab abhinay seey gujarate hain. kyaa tallula ack aur karyakal key liye rahega? kyaa vaha apane sapanon kaa ladka paayegi? aur kyaa yeh alex hoga, usake dost rubi kaa badaa bhaai, charley, ack sahee aadami joe usake ghutanon seey pyaar kartaa haye, iss tathya key bavjood kii usaki ack premika haye, yaa dusht caine, sthaaniya baind kaa pramukh gaayak, jise yeh ehsas naheen hotaa haye kii tolula kii naak ack icecream naheen haye?

onaguttiruva bigiyudupugalu louis rennison bareda dhii misdeventurers off tallula kesi emba pustakagala saranialli witherning tites modalaneyadaagide. ee pustakagalannu harpercollinsonalli prakatisalaagide. united kingdamnalli 2010rahra julainalli prakatavaada ee pustakakke rald doll 'funny' prashastiyannu nidalaayitu. plat. tanna monakaalugalu mattu abhivruddhi hondada seelugala bagge chintitaragiruva todeya hudugiyaada tallula kesi, yaarkshairnalliruva dother haal emba nataka pradarshana karyagara kendradalli uliyalu horatiddaale. allie avalu marada sahodariyarannu (flossy, vaisi, jenu mattu zoo) bhetiyaguttale. avarellaroo ottaagi hudugarannu, snagging mattu ketta nataneyannu edurisuttaare. mattondu avadhige tallula uliyuttadeye? aake tanna kanasina maganannu padeyuttareye? mattu adhu alex aguttadeye, avala sneehita rubi, charley avara hiriya sahodara, avala monakaalugalannu pritisuva paripurna vyakti, avalige gelati iddaroo, athawa sthaliya bandna pramukha gayaka dushta caine, avaru tallulaana moogu aiskreem alla endu aritukondante toruttillave?

unangunna irukkangal luis rennison ezhuthiya dhii misadenchars oof tallula kesi enna pusthaka parambarayile aadyathethaanu victoring taitts. harpercollins aanu pusthakangal prasidheekarikkunnathu. 2010 joolaiyil yunaittad kingdatthil prasidheekaricha eee pusthakathinu rolled dhaal 'funny' sammanam labhichu. plott. kaalmuttukalekkurichum avikasithamaya villalukalekkurichum ashankaakulayaaya oru neelamulla penkutty, yorkshareile dother haal enna naadaka prakadana workshop sentaril thamasikkaan pookunnu. avide aval vrukshasahodarikale (flossy, vaisi, thaine, joou) kandumuttunnu. avarellam orumichu aankuttikaliloode kadannupokunnu, snogging mosham abhinayavum. oru thavana koodi talha nilanilkkumo? avalkk avalude swapnathile aankutty labhikkumo? thante suhruthu roobiyude mootha sahodaranaaya charley alex aakumo, avalkk oru kaamukiyundengilum avalude muttukuthiya kaalmuttukale snehikkunna thikanja aal, allengil praadeshika baandile pradhana gayakanaaya dushtanaaya kaayen, tallulayude mookk oru iscream allennu thirichariyunnillennu thonnunnundo?

sukananya chaddi lui renison yanni lihilelya pustakanchya maliketil 'daad misadventure auph tallulah kesee' yaa pustakanchya maliketil 'vidrang tites' haah pahilach prakar aahe. hii pustake harpercollins prakashit kelee jaatat. julai 2010 madhye united kingadammadhe prakashit jhalelya yaa pustakala 'rolled dahl' 'majedar' puraskarane sanmanit karnyat aale. plot. aapale gudghe aanee avikasit phaat yanchi kalji karnari eka lambsar mulgi tallulah kesee, yorkshiremadhil dother holl navachya natak sadarikaran karyashalet rahnyasathi nighate. tithe tee vruksh bahininna (flossy, vaisi, madh aanee joou) bhetate. teey serve ekatra, snooging aanee white abhinay asha mulanmadhun jaatat. aanakhi eka karyakalasathi tallula raheel qaa? teela tichya swapnancha mulga milel qaa? aanee tee elex asel qaa, ticha mitra rubicha motha bhau, charley, paripoorn manus jyala tichya gudghyanvar prem aahe, jaree tyachi sthanik bandchi preyasi aahe, kinwa dusht qeena, pramukh gayak aahe, jyala mahit nahee qee tallulache naak iscream nahee?

murajhaune chaddiharu luis renisandwara likhit pustakharuko shringkhalama withering titeharu pahilo how jaslai tallulah kesiko dussahas bhaninchha. pustakharu harpercollins prakashit hunchhan. july 2010 maa sanyukta adhirajyama prakashit, yo pustaklai roald dahl 'funny' puraskar pradan garieko thiyo. plut. afno ghunda rar awikasit clevageko barema chintit ek lunky ketty tallulah kessy, yorkasayarko dother hull bhanine natak pradarshan karyashala kendrama basna gain. tyahan unle rukhka bahiniharu (flossy, waisi, maha rar jo) bhetchhin. sangai tiniharu sabai ketaharu, snugging rar kharab abhinayabata gujranchhan. key tallula arko karyakalka lagi rahanechha? key unle afno sapanako chhoro paunechin? rar key yo alex hunechha, unko sathi rubiko jetho bhai, charley, ek uttam keta jasle unko ghunghuro ghunda maya gardacha, unko premika chha bhanne tathyako bawajud, wa dushta kaina, sthaniya bandko pramukh gayak, jasle thaha paundaina kii tallulako naak aiskrim hoina?

shukhila heuthiba chapal lui renisananka dwara likhita pustaka shrunkhalara prathamati heuchhi waringa tites jaahaaku tallula kesinka duhsahasikata kuhajae . ehi pustakagudika harpercollinsre prakashita hoichhi. july 2010 ray britenare prakashita ehi pustakaku eka roald dahl 'fanny' puraskara pradan karajaithila. plut. tallula kesi, jane lanki jhia, jieki taa 'aanthu ebong abikasita phataku nei chintita, jarkasajarara eka nataka pradarshan karmasala kendrare rahibaku jauchhi jaahaaku dother hull kuhajae . sethare shay brukhya bhauneemananku (flossy, bhaisi, mahu ebong joe) bhetithanti. semane samaste ekathi pua, swaging ebong kharap abhinai dei gati karanti . tallula aau eka karjyakala paain rahiba kii? shay taa 'swapnara pua paijiba kii? ebong shay kii alex heba, taa 'rahr bandhu rubinka budd bhai, charley, jane nikhunta byakti jie taa' rahr goitha godaku bhal paae, jadio taa 'rahr jane girlfriend achhi, kimba dusta caine, sthaniah bander mukhya gajaka, jie anubhaba karanti naahin je tallulanka naaka eka iscream nuhen?

sukkdiaan chashma louis renison duaara likhiaan kitaban dee luddy witch vikkariaan chattanan pahiliaan hunn jinhan noon tallula cassie dey dusht saahas kiha jaanda haii. ih kitaban harpercollins prakashit keetiaan jandiaan hunn. julai 2010 witch united kingdom witch prakashit iss kitaab noon ikk roald dahl 'mazakia' puraskar naal sanmanit keeta giaa see. plaat. tallula cassie, ikk lambi kuddi joe aapne godiaan atey aviksit cheer baare chintat haii, yorkshire witch ikk drama pardarshan workshop kendra witch rahinn laee ravana hoee haii jiss noon dother haal kiha jaanda haii. utthe uh rukkh deeaan bhainan (flossy, vaisi, honey atey joe) noon mildi haii. uh saare mundiaan, snogging atey maadi adakari toon langhde hunn. qee tallula ikk horr karajkal laee rahega? qee uh aapne supniaan daa munda prapat karegi? atey qee ih alex hovega, uss dey dosat rubi daa vadda bharaa, charley, ikk sampuran munda joe uss dey guttedar godiaan noon piaar karda haii, iss tatth dey bavjood kii uss dee ikk premika haii, jaan sathanak baind daa pramukh gaeek, jiss noon ih ahsas naheen hunda kii tallula dee nakk aaees kareem naheen haii?

vikshati chaukaani louis renison ityanena likhitanam pustakanam shrunkhalaayaam, da misyaadavenchars aaf tallulaa kesee iti namna, vidaring tats iti prathamam pustakam asti. pustakaani harpercollins iti prakaashyante. 2010 julai-maase unated kingdam-deshe prakaashitam etat pustakam roald-daal-'fannie' puraskaaren puraskrutam. plut. talulah kesee iti, swamugggnaam vishaye, avikasitasya cha vicchedanam vishaye chintitaa, lankhee balika, yorkshair-nagarasya doder haal iti naatyapradarshan-karyashalakendre sthaatum nirgacchati. tatra saa vrukshasahodyaah (flossy, vaisee, honey, jo) militavatee. te sarve militvaa baalakaah, snaaging, durbhaashyam cha anubhavanti. tallula aparam padam yaavat bhavishyati vaa? saa swaswapnasya putram praapsyati vaa? tathaa kim alex iti, tasyaah mitrasya rubie ityasya jyeshtabhraataa, charley, yah tasyaah nistejam ghutanam priyah, yatharthah purushah, yadyapi tasya sthaniya-vaadyavrundasya premikaa asti, athavaa dushtah kainn iti pramukhah gaayakah asti, yah tallulaa ityasya naakah aiskreem iti naa jaanaati iti naa drushyate?

varandu varum irukkangkal luis rennison ezhuthiya thodarin muthal puththagamaaga 'thii misteventurers off tallula casey' ullathu. puththagangkal harbergallins veliyidappadugindrana. juulai 2010 ill aikkiya raachchiyaththil veliyidappatta inththa puththagaththirku rolt doll 'vaedikkaiyaana' parisu vazhangkappattathu. sathi. muzhangkaalgal mattrum valarchchiyadaiyatha pilavugal kuritthu kavalaippadum oru negizhvaana penn, tallula casey, yorkshireil ulla dother haal endra naadaga seyalthiran pattarai maiyaththil thangkuvatharkaaga purappadugiraar. angku aval maraa cakootharikalai (flossy, vaisi, thaen mattrum joow) santhikkiraal. avarkal anaivarum saernthu siruvarkal, snocking mattrum moasamaana nadippai anubavikkiraargal. mattroru kaalaththirku talula needikumaa? aval kanavugalin paiyanaip peruvaayaa? alex, avaludaiya nanbar roobiyin mooththa cakootharar, chaarli, avaludaiya muzhangkaalgalai nesikkum sariyaana paiyanaaga irupaaraa, avarukku oru kaathali irunththapoathilum, allathu ulloor isaikkuzhuvin munnani paatakaraana theeya kaayin, tallulaavin mookku oru iscream alla enbathai unaravillai endru thoandrugirathaa?

endipotunna bigutulu luis rennison raasina dhi misadventurers off tallula kesi anae pustakaala shrenilo withering tites modatidi. eee pustakaalu harpercollins loe prachurinchabaddaayi. united kingdamlo juulai 2010loe prachurinchabadina eee pustakaaniki rald doll 'funny' bahumati labhinchindi. plaat. tallula kesi anae sannani ammai thana mokaalu mariyu abhivruddhi chendani cheelika gurinchi aandolana chendutuu, yorkshairloni dother haall anae drama performance workshop centerlo undataaniki bayaluderindi. akkada aame chettu sodareemanulanu (flossy, vaisee, thene mariyu jooe) kalustundi. veeranta kalisi abbayilanu, snagging mariyu chedu natnanu edurkontaaru. maroe padaveekaalam paatu allullah konasaagutundaa? aame thana kalala abbayini pondutundaa? mariyu adhi alex, aame snehituraalu ruby, charley yokka annaiah, aame mondemlanu preminche paripuurna vyakti, ataniki snehituraalu, ledhaa sthaanika byaand yokka pradhana gayakudu, dushta kine unnappatikee, tallula yokka mukku ice cream kaadani grahinchani vyakti avtara?

marjhati hoyee chatanein lois renaison kii likhee hoyee kitaabon kay silsilay mein marjhanay waali chatanein pehli haine jinhein talolah kisay kii badd muham joyee kahaa jaataa hay. yaha kitabein harper colanz kay zariye shaye kii jaati haine. jolayi 2010 mein bartaniah mein shaye honay waali iss kitaab kuu rawald dahal 'fenny' anaam say nawaza gayaa. plaat. talolah kisay juu apnay ghatnon aur kumm tarqi yaaftah phatti hoyee kay baaray mein fakar mund eek lambay ladki hay yarkshire mein eek dramah performans workshop center mein rehney kay liye rawanah hay jasay dothar haal kahaa jaataa hay. wahaan wah darkhat kii behnon (flosi vaisayi shehad aur juu) say milti hay. wah sabb eek saath ladkon snoging aur bury adakari say guzartay haine. kiyaa altaliya eek aur madat kay liye rahay gee? kiyaa wah apnay khwabon kaa ladka haasil kirr lay gee? aur kiyaa yaha aleks hogaa iss kii dost ruby kaa badaa bhayee chaarli wah kaamil ladka juu iss kay ghatnon say mohabat kartaa hay iss haqeeqat kay bawajood kahh iss kii garal friend hay yaa braa qaayin maqami bend kaa markazi gulukar jasay aisa lagtaa hay kahh asay ahsaas nahein hay kahh talolah kii naak aais cream nahein hay?

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6755358

List of localities in Moldova

List of localities in Moldova There are 1682 localities in Moldova, including 66 urban localities (of them 53 are cities/towns (), and 13 municipalities ()), and 1616 rural localities - villages (). According to the Moldovan law on territorial administrative organisation, two or more villages can form together a commune (). This list is organized by district (or other first-tier administrative unit), and for each one it lists alphabetically all cities and communes. Unincorporated localities are listed under the cities and communes they belong to. The incorporated localities' territories cover the entire territory of the country. <templatestyles src="Template:TOC_right/styles.css" /> Municipality of Chișinău. There are a total of 35 localities: 7 cities/towns (further containing 2 villages within), and 12 communes (containing a further 14 villages within): Municipality of Bălți. There are a total of 3 localities: 1 city, and 2 communes: Municipality of Bender (Tighina). There are a total of 2 localities: 1 city, and 1 commune: Anenii Noi District. There are a total of 45 localities: 1 city (further containing 5 villages), and 25 communes (containing a further 14 villages): Basarabeasca District. There are a total of 10 localities: 1 city, and 6 communes (containing a further 3 villages within): Briceni District. There are a total of 39 localities: 2 cities, and 26 communes (containing a further 11 villages within): Cahul District. There are a total of 55 localities: 1 city (further containing 1 village), and 36 communes (containing a further 17 villages within): Cantemir District. There are a total of 51 localities: 1 city, and 26 communes (containing a further 24 villages within): Călărași District. There are a total of 44 localities: 1 city (further containing 1 village), and 27 communes (containing a further 15 villages within): Căușeni District. There are a total of 48 localities: 2 cities/towns (further containing 1 village), and 28 communes (containing a further 17 villages within): Cimișlia District. There are a total of 39 localities: 1 city (further containing 3 villages), and 22 communes (containing a further 13 villages within): Criuleni District. There are a total of 43 localities: 1 city (further containing 2 villages), and 24 communes (containing a further 16 villages within): Dondușeni District. There are a total of 30 localities: 1 city, and 21 communes (containing a further 8 villages within): Drochia District. There are a total of 40 localities: 1 city, and 27 communes (containing a further 12 villages within): Dubăsari District. There are a total of 15 localities: 11 communes (containing a further 4 villages within): Cities/towns. There are no cities in this district. Edineț District. There are a total of 49 localities: 2 cities/towns (further containing 4 villages), and 30 communes (containing a further 13 villages within): Fălești District. There are a total of 76 localities: 1 city (further containing 1 village), and 32 communes (containing a further 42 villages within): Florești District. There are a total of 74 localities: 3 cities, and 37 communes (containing a further 34 villages within): Glodeni District. There are a total of 35 localities: 1 city (further containing 1 village), and 18 communes (containing a further 15 villages within): Hîncești District. There are a total of 63 localities: 1 city, and 38 communes (containing a further 24 villages within): Ialoveni District. There are a total of 34 localities: 1 city, and 24 communes (containing a further 9 villages within): Leova District. There are a total of 39 localities: 2 cities/towns (further containing 1 village), and 23 communes (containing a further 13 villages within): Nisporeni District. There are a total of 39 localities: 1 city, and 22 communes (containing a further 16 villages within): Ocnița District. There are a total of 33 localities: 3 cities, and 18 communes (containing a further 12 villages within): Orhei District. There are a total of 75 localities: 1 city, and 37 communes (containing a further 37 villages within): Rezina District. There are a total of 41 localities: 1 city (further containing 3 villages), and 24 communes (containing a further 13 villages within): Rîșcani District. There are a total of 55 localities: 2 cities/towns (further containing 6 villages), and 26 communes (containing a further 21 villages within): Sîngerei District. There are a total of 70 localities: 2 cities/towns (further containing 1 village), and 24 communes (containing a further 43 villages within): Soroca District. There are a total of 68 localities: 1 city, and 34 communes (containing a further 33 villages within): Strășeni District. There are a total of 39 localities: 2 cities/towns (further containing 2 village), and 25 communes (containing a further 10 villages within): Șoldănești District. There are a total of 33 localities: 1 city, and 22 communes (containing a further 10 villages within): Ștefan Vodă District. There are a total of 26 localities: 1 city, and 22 communes (containing a further 3 villages within): Taraclia District. There are a total of 26 localities: 2 cities, and 13 communes (containing a further 11 villages within): Telenești District. There are a total of 54 localities: 1 city (further containing 2 villages), and 30 communes (containing a further 21 villages within): Ungheni District. There are a total of 74 localities: 2 cities/towns (further containing 1 village), and 31 communes (containing a further 40 villages within): Găgăuzia. There are a total of 32 localities: 3 cities/towns (further containing 1 village within), and 23 communes (containing a further 5 villages within): Left Bank of the Dniester. According to the Moldovan law on territorial administrative organisation, on the Left Bank of the Dniester (today mostly in control of the unrecognized breakaway state of Transnistria), there are a total of 147 localities: 10 cities/towns (further containing 2 villages within), and 69 communes (containing a further 66 villages within): References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

mulduvar oncholxomuhor talika mulduvat 1682taa onchol aase, jaar bhitorot 66taa nogoriya onchol (iyar bhitorot 53taa sohor/nogor (), aaru 13taa pouroxobha ()), aaru 1616taa gramyo onchol-gaau (). ancholik proxaxonik xongothonor uporot moldovan aain onuxori, dutaa baa totudhik gauye ekeloge etaa commune () gothon koribo paare. ei talikakhon jilaa (baa aan prothom storor proxaxonik gutt) ror dwara xongothito koraa hoy, aaru protitur baabe ee xokolu sohor aaru xomprodayor bornanukromikbhabe talikabhukto kore. onigomito oncholbur teulukor ontorgoto sohor aaru xomprodayor odhinot talikabhukto koraa hoy. ontorbhukto oncholxomuhor bhukhondoxomuhe dexor xomogro bhukhondok xamori loy. sisinaur pouroxobha. muth 35taa onchol aaseh 7khon sohor/nogor (iyar bhitorot 2khon gaau aase), aaru 12khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 14khon gaau aase): baltir pouroxobha. muth 3taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor, aaru 2khon communeh bendaror pouroxobha (tigina). muth 2taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor, aaru 1khon communeh aaneni nui jilaa. muth 45taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor (aaru 5khon gaau aase), aaru 25khon commune (aaru 14khon gaau aase): basarabeska jilaa. muth 10taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor, aaru 6taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 3khon gaau aase): briseni jilaa. muth 39taa onchol aaseh 2khon sohor, aaru 26khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 11khon gaau aase): kahul jilaa. muth 55taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor (aaru 1khon gaau aase), aaru 36khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 17khon gaau aase): kentemir jilaa. muth 51taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor, aaru 26taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 24khon gaau aase): kalrasi jilaa. muth 44 khon onchol aaseh 1khon sohor (aaru 1khon gaau aase), aaru 27khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 15khon gaau aase): kaucheni jilaa. muth 48taa onchol aaseh 2khon sohor/nogor (aaru 1khon gaau aase), aaru 28khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 17khon gaau aase): similia jilaa. muth 39taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor (aaru 3khon gaau aase), aaru 22khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 13khon gaau aase): creulany jilaa. muth 43taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor (aaru 2khon gaau aase), aaru 24khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 16khon gaau aase): donduseni jilaa. muth 30taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor, aaru 21taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 8taa gaau aase): drochia jilaa. muth 40taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor, aaru 27taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 12taa gaau aase): dubasari jilaa. muth 15taa onchol aaseh 11taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 4taa gaau aase): sohor/nogor. ei jilat kunu sohor naai. edineta jilaa. muth 49taa onchol aaseh 2khon sohor/nogor (aaru 4khon gaau aase), aaru 30khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 13khon gaau aase): jilaar poraa. muth 76taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor (aaru 1khon gaau aase), aaru 32khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 42khon gaau aase): fluoresti jilaa. muth 74taa onchol aaseh 3khon sohor, aaru 37taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 34khon gaau aase): glodeny jilaa. muth 35taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor (aaru 1khon gaau aase), aaru 18khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 15khon gaau aase): hinchti jilaa. muth 63taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor, aaru 38taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 24khon gaau aase): ialoveni jilaa. muth 34taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor, aaru 24taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 9taa gaau aase): liuva jilaa. muth 39taa onchol aaseh 2khon sohor/nogor (aaru 1khon gaau aase), aaru 23khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 13khon gaau aase): nispureni jilaa. muth 39taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor, aaru 22taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 16khon gaau aase): oh 'knita jilaa. muth 33taa onchol aaseh 3khon sohor, aaru 18taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 12khon gaau aase): orehi jilaa. muth 75taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor, aaru 37taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 37taa gaau aase): regina jilaa. muth 41taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor (aaru 3khon gaau aase), aaru 24khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 13khon gaau aase): risani jilaa. muth 55taa onchol aaseh 2khon sohor/nogor (aaru 6khon gaau aase), aaru 26khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 21khon gaau aase): singerei jilaa. muth 70taa onchol aaseh 2khon sohor/nogor (aaru 1khon gaau aase), aaru 24khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 43khon gaau aase): cho "ruka jilaa. muth 68taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor, aaru 34taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 33khon gaau aase): strejeni jilaa. muth 39taa onchol aaseh 2khon sohor/nogor (aaru 2khon gaau aase), aaru 25khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 10khon gaau aase): oh 'ldonesti jilaa. muth 33taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor, aaru 22taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 10taa gaau aase): obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, obosye, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha, owostha muth 26taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor, aaru 22taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 3taa gaau aase): taraclea jilaa. muth 26taa onchol aaseh 2khon sohor, aaru 13taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 11taa gaau aase): telenesti jilaa. muth 54taa onchol aaseh 1khon sohor (aaru 2khon gaau aase), aaru 30khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 21khon gaau aase): ungeni jilaa. muth 74taa onchol aaseh 2khon sohor/nogor (aaru 1khon gaau aase), aaru 31khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 40khon gaau aase): raijor. muth 32taa onchol aaseh 3khon sohor/nogor (iyar bhitorot 1khon gaau aase), aaru 23khon commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 5khon gaau aase): dinisteror baau paar. ancholik proxaxonik xongothonor uporot molduvan aain onuxori, dnisteror baau paarot (bortoman besibhagei trensnistriyar swikritibihin bischinno rajyor niyontronot), muth 147 taa onchol aaseh 10 khon sohor/nogor (iyar bhitorot 2 khon gaau aase), aaru 69 taa commune (iyar bhitorot aaru 66 khon gaau aase):

maldovar elakar talika moldovate 66tii shahure elaka (53tii shohor/shohor) ebong 13tii pourosobha ()) ebong 1616tii gramin elaka-grama () soho 1682tii elaka royeche. anchalik proshashonik sangathan somporkito maldovian aain onusare, dui baa totodhik grama eksathe ekti sampradai () gathon korte paare. eyi talikati zela (baa anyanno prothom-storer proshashonik unit) dwara sangathito hoy ebong prottektir jonno etty bornanukromikbhabe samasta shohor ebong sampradai talikabhukto korey. onigomito elakaguli shohor ebong sampradayer adhine talikabhukto koraa hoy. antarbhukta elakagulir anchalguli desher somogro anchal judey royeche. chishinau pourosobha. moat 35tii elaka royeche 7tii shohor/shohor (arow 2tii grama royeche), ebong 12tii sampradai (arow 14tii grama royeche): balti pourosobha. moat 3tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor ebong 2tii sampradayh bender pourosobha (tigina). moat 2tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor ebong 1tii sampradayh aneni noi zela. moat 45tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor (arow 5tii grama), ebong 25tii sampradai (arow 14tii grama): basarabeska zela. moat 10tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor ebong 6tii sampradai (err modhye arow 3tii grama royeche): briseni zela. moat 39tii elaka royeche 2tii shohor ebong 26tii sampradai (err modhye arow 11tii grama royeche): kahul zela. moat 55tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor (arow 1tii grama), ebong 36tii sampradai (err modhye arow 17tii grama royeche): cantemyr zela. moat 51tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor ebong 26tii sampradai (err modhye arow 24tii grama royeche): kalarasi zela. moat 44tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor (arow 1tii grama), ebong 27tii sampradai (err modhye arow 15tii grama royeche): kauseni zela. moat 48tii elaka royeche 2tii shohor/shohor (arow 1tii grama royeche), ebong 28tii sampradai (err modhye arow 17tii grama royeche): similia zela. moat 39tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor (arow 3tii grama royeche), ebong 22tii sampradai (err modhye arow 13tii grama royeche): creulany zela. moat 43tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor (arow 2tii grama royeche), ebong 24tii sampradai (err modhye arow 16tii grama royeche): donduseni zela. moat 30tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor ebong 21tii sampradai (err modhye arow 8tii grama royeche): drochia zela. moat 40tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor ebong 27tii sampradai (err modhye arow 12tii grama royeche): dubai zela. moat 15tii elaka royeche 11tii sampradai (err modhye arow 4tii grama royeche): shohor/shohor. eyi jelaay konao shohor nei. edine zela. moat 49tii elaka royeche 2tii shohor/shohor (arow 4tii grama royeche), ebong 30tii sampradai (err modhye arow 13tii grama royeche): zela. moat 76tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor (arow 1tii grama), ebong 32tii sampradai (err modhye arow 42tii grama royeche): florida zela. moat 74tii elaka royeche 3tii shohor ebong 37tii sampradai (err modhye arow 34tii grama royeche): glodeni zela. moat 35tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor (arow 1tii grama), ebong 18tii sampradai (err modhye arow 15tii grama royeche): hincesty zela. moat 63tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor ebong 38tii sampradai (err modhye arow 24tii grama royeche): ialoveni zela. moat 34tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor ebong 24tii sampradai (err modhye arow 9tii grama royeche): leova zela. moat 39tii elaka royeche 2tii shohor/shohor (arow 1tii grama royeche), ebong 23tii sampradai (err modhye arow 13tii grama royeche): nisporni zela. moat 39tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor ebong 22tii sampradai (err modhye arow 16tii grama royeche): aknita zela. moat 33tii elaka royeche 3tii shohor ebong 18tii sampradai (err modhye arow 12tii grama royeche): orhei zela. moat 75tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor ebong 37tii sampradai (err modhye arow 37tii grama royeche): regina zela. moat 41tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor (arow 3tii grama royeche), ebong 24tii sampradai (err modhye arow 13tii grama royeche): roisani zela. moat 55tii elaka royeche 2tii shohor/shohor (arow 6tii grama royeche), ebong 26tii sampradai (err modhye arow 21tii grama royeche): singeri zela. moat 70tii elaka royeche 2tii shohor/shohor (arow 1tii grama royeche), ebong 24tii sampradai (err modhye arow 43tii grama royeche): soroka zela. moat 68tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor ebong 34tii sampradai (err modhye arow 33tii grama royeche): strassen zela. moat 39tii elaka royeche 2tii shohor/shohor (arow 2tii grama royeche), ebong 25tii sampradai (err modhye arow 10tii grama royeche): soldenisti zela. moat 33tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor ebong 22tii sampradai (err modhye arow 10tii grama royeche): tefan bhoda zela. moat 26tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor ebong 22tii sampradai (err modhye arow 3tii grama royeche): taraclea zela. moat 26tii elaka royeche 2tii shohor ebong 13tii sampradai (err modhye arow 11tii grama royeche): telenesty zela. moat 54tii elaka royeche 1tii shohor (arow 2tii grama), ebong 30tii sampradai (err modhye arow 21tii grama royeche): ungeni zela. moat 74tii elaka royeche 2tii shohor/shohor (arow 1tii grama royeche), ebong 31tii sampradai (err modhye arow 40tii grama royeche): ganbajna. moat 32tii elaka royeche 3tii shohor/shohor (arow 1tii grama royeche), ebong 23tii sampradai (arow 5tii grama royeche): dinister baam teer. anchalik proshashonik sangathaner bishoye maldovian aain onusare, nisterer baam teere (bortomane beshirbhagi swikrito bichchinno rajyer niyantrane), moat 147tii elaka royeche 10tii shohor/shohor (arow 2tii grama royeche), ebong 69tii sampradai (err modhye arow 66tii grama royeche):

moldova vistaaroni yaadee moldovama 66 shaheri vistaaro (temathi 53 shahero/nagaro (), aneey 13 nagarpalikao ()) aneey 1616 graameen vistaaro-gaamo () saheet 1682 vistaaro chhe. praadeshik vahivati sangathan parr moldovana kaayada anusaar, beey athavaa vadhu gaamo eksaathe commune () banaavi shake chhe. aaa yaadee jilla (athavaa anya pratham-starnaa vahivati aekam) dwara gothavvama aave chhe, aneey darek maate teey tamaam shahero aneey samudaayone mulaksharma soochibaddh karey chhe. binsangathit vistaaro shahero aneey samudaayo hethal soochibaddh chhe. samavisht vistarona pradesho deshnaa samagr pradeshne aavari leey chhe. chinianni nagarpalika. coole 35 vistaaro chheh 7 shahero/nagaro (vadhumaa 2 gaamo dharaave chhe), aneey 12 samudaayo (andar vadhu 14 gaamo dharaave chhe): balletnee nagarpalika. coole 3 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher aneey 2 samudaayoh bendarnee nagarpalika (tighina). coole 2 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher aneey 1 samudaayah eneni noi jeello. coole 45 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher (vadhumaa 5 gaamo dharaavtu), aneey 25 samudaay (vadhu 14 gaamo dharaavtu): basarabesca jeello. coole 10 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher aneey 6 samudaay (jemaa vadhu 3 gaamo chhe): briseni jeello. coole 39 vistaaro chheh 2 shahero aneey 26 samudaayo (jemaa vadhu 11 gaamo chhe): kahul jeello. coole 55 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher (vadhu 1 gaam dharaavtu), aneey 36 samudaay (vadhu 17 gaamo dharaavtu): kentemir jeello. coole 51 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher aneey 26 samudaayo (jemaa vadhu 24 gaamo chhe): jilla. coole 44 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher (aagad 1 gaam), aneey 27 samudaay (andar vadhu 15 gaamo): council jeello. coole 48 vistaaro chheh 2 shahero/nagaro (vadhu 1 gaam dharaave chhe), aneey 28 samudaay (vadhu 17 gaamo dharaave chhe): simisliya jeello. coole 39 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher (vadhu 3 gaamo dharaavtu), aneey 22 samudaay (vadhu 13 gaamo dharaavtu): kriyuleni jeello. coole 43 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher (vadhu 2 gaamo dharaavtu), aneey 24 samudaay (vadhu 16 gaamo dharaavtu): donduseni jeello. coole 30 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher, aneey 21 samudaay (jemaa vadhu 8 gaamo chhe): drochia jeello. coole 40 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher aneey 27 samudaay (jemaa vadhu 12 gaamo chhe): duberi jeello. coole 15 vistaaro chheh 11 samudaay (jemaa vadhu 4 gaamo chhe): shahero/nagaro. aaa jeellama koee shahero nathee. edin jeello. coole 49 vistaaro chheh 2 shahero/nagaro (vadhu 4 gaamo dharaavtaa), aneey 30 samudaay (vadhu 13 gaamo dharaavtaa): jilla. coole 76 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher (vadhu 1 gaam dharaavtu), aneey 32 samudaay (vadhu 42 gaamo dharaavtu): florida jeello. coole 74 vistaaro chheh 3 shahero aneey 37 samudaayo (jemaa vadhu 34 gaamo chhe): glodeni jeello. coole 35 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher (vadhu 1 gaam dharaavtu), aneey 18 samudaay (vadhu 15 gaamo dharaavtu): histy jeello. coole 63 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher, aneey 38 samudaay (jemaa vadhu 24 gaamo chhe): ialoveni jeello. coole 34 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher aneey 24 samudaay (jemaa vadhu 9 gaamo chhe): leova jeello. coole 39 vistaaro chheh 2 shahero/nagaro (vadhu 1 gaam dharaave chhe), aneey 23 samudaay (vadhu 13 gaamo dharaave chhe): nisporni jeello. coole 39 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher aneey 22 samudaay (jemaa vadhu 16 gaamo chhe): ocnita jeello. coole 33 vistaaro chheh 3 shahero aneey 18 samudaayo (jemaa vadhu 12 gaamo chhe): orhei jeello. coole 75 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher aneey 37 samudaay (jemaa vadhu 37 gaamo chhe): rezinaa jeello. coole 41 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher (vadhu 3 gaamo dharaavtu), aneey 24 samudaay (vadhu 13 gaamo dharaavtu): raisani jeello. coole 55 vistaaro chheh 2 shahero/nagaro (vadhu 6 gaamo dharaavtaa), aneey 26 samudaayo (vadhu 21 gaamo dharaavtaa): singeri jeello. coole 70 vistaaro chheh 2 shahero/nagaro (vadhu 1 gaam dharaave chhe), aneey 24 samudaayo (vadhu 43 gaamo dharaave chhe): soroka jeello. coole 68 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher, aneey 34 samudaay (jemaa vadhu 33 gaamo chhe): jilla. coole 39 vistaaro chheh 2 shahero/nagaro (vadhu 2 gaam dharaavtaa), aneey 25 samudaay (vadhu 10 gaamadao dharaavtaa): jeello. coole 33 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher, aneey 22 samudaay (jemaa vadhu 10 gaamo chhe): jilla khaate. coole 26 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher, aneey 22 samudaay (jemaa vadhu 3 gaamo chhe): taraclea jeello. coole 26 vistaaro chheh 2 shahero aneey 13 samudaayo (jemaa vadhu 11 gaamo chhe): telenisty jeello. coole 54 vistaaro chheh 1 shaher (vadhu 2 gaamo dharaavtu), aneey 30 samudaay (vadhu 21 gaamo dharaavtu): ughenee jeello. coole 74 vistaaro chheh 2 shahero/nagaro (vadhu 1 gaam dharaave chhe), aneey 31 samudaay (vadhu 40 gaamo dharaave chhe): juo. coole 32 vistaaro chheh 3 shahero/nagaro (vadhumaa 1 gaam dharaave chhe), aneey 23 samudaay (andar vadhu 5 gaamo dharaave chhe): neestarni daabi baaju. praadeshik vahivati sangathan parr moldovana kaayada anusaar, nistarnaa daabi kaanthe (aaje motaabhaage transnistriyana biin-maanyata praapt rajyanu niyantran), coole 147 vistaaro chheh 10 shahero/nagaro (vadhu 2 gaamo dharaavtaa), aneey 69 samudaayo (andar vadhu 66 gaamo dharaavtaa):

moldova mein sthaanon kii soochi moldova mein 1682 ilaake hain, jinamen 66 shahari ilaake (jinamen seey 53 shahar/kasbe () hain, aur 13 nagarpaalikaaen ()) hain, aur 1616 graameen ilaake-gaanv () hain. kshetriya prashaasnik sangathan parr moldovan kaanoon key anusaar, dou yaa dou seey adhik gaanv ack saath ack samudaay () banaa sakate hain. yeh soochi jile (yaa anya pratham-stariya prashaasnik ikai) dwara vyavasthit kii jaati haye, aur pratyek key liye yeh varnanukram mein sabhi shaharon aur samudaayon koo soochibaddh karati haye. gair-nigamit ilaakon koo una shaharon aur samudaayon key tahat soochibaddh kiya gayaa haye jinase way sambandhit hain. nigamit ilaakon key kshetra desh key poore kshetra koo cover karate hain. chininau kii nagarpalika. kull 35 ilaake hainh 7 shahar/kasbe (isake alawa 2 gaanv shamil hain), aur 12 samudaay (isake bheetar 14 aur gaanv shamil hain): balty kii nagarpalika. kull 3 ilaake hainh 1 shahar, aur 2 samudaayah bender kii nagarpalika (tigina). kull 2 ilaake hainh 1 shahar, aur 1 samudaayah eneni noee jilaa. kull 45 ilaake hainh 1 shahar (aage 5 gaanv), aur 25 samudaay (aage 14 gaanv): basrabiaska jilaa. kull 10 ilaake hainh 1 shahar, aur 6 samudaay (isake bheetar 3 aur gaanv hain): briseni jilaa. kull 39 ilaake hainh 2 shahar, aur 26 samudaay (isake bheetar 11 aur gaanv hain): kahul jilaa. kull 55 ilaake hainh 1 shahar (aage 1 gaanv), aur 36 samudaay (isake bheetar 17 aur gaanv hain): cantemir jilaa. kull 51 ilaake hainh 1 shahar, aur 26 samudaay (jisamen 24 aur gaanv shamil hain): kalarasi jilaa. kull 44 ilaake hainh 1 shahar (aage 1 gaanv), aur 27 samudaay (isake bheetar 15 aur gaanv hain): kauseni jilaa. kull 48 ilaake hainh 2 shahar/kasbe (aage 1 gaanv), aur 28 samudaay (isake bheetar 17 aur gaanv hain): simishaliya jilaa. kull 39 ilaake hainh 1 shahar (aage 3 gaanv), aur 22 samudaay (bheetar 13 aur gaanv): creulany jilaa. kull 43 ilaake hainh 1 shahar (aage 2 gaanv), aur 24 samudaay (isake bheetar 16 aur gaanv hain): donduseni jilaa. kull 30 ilaake hainh 1 shahar, aur 21 samudaay (isake bheetar 8 aur gaanv hain): drochia jilaa. kull 40 ilaake hainh 1 shahar, aur 27 samudaay (jisamen 12 aur gaanv shamil hain): dubai jilaa. kull 15 ilaake hainh 11 samudaay (jisamen 4 aur gaanv shamil hain): shahar/nagar. iss jile mein koee shahar naheen hain. edinut jilaa. kull 49 ilaake hainh 2 shahar/kasbe (aage 4 gaanv), aur 30 samudaay (bheetar 13 aur gaanv): jile kaa jilaa. kull 76 ilaake hainh 1 shahar (aage 1 gaanv), aur 32 samudaay (isake bheetar 42 aur gaanv hain): fluoresty jilaa. kull 74 ilaake hainh 3 shahar, aur 37 samudaay (isake bheetar 34 aur gaanv hain): glodeni jilaa. kull 35 ilaake hainh 1 shahar (aage 1 gaanv), aur 18 samudaay (isake bheetar 15 aur gaanv): hissi jilaa. kull 63 ilaake hainh 1 shahar, aur 38 samudaay (jisamen 24 aur gaanv shamil hain): eloveni jilaa. kull 34 ilaake hainh 1 shahar, aur 24 samudaay (isake bheetar 9 aur gaanv hain): leova jilaa. kull 39 ilaake hainh 2 shahar/kasbe (aage 1 gaanv), aur 23 samudaay (bheetar 13 aur gaanv): nisporni jilaa. kull 39 ilaake hainh 1 shahar, aur 22 samudaay (jisamen 16 aur gaanv shamil hain): ocnita jilaa. kull 33 ilaake hainh 3 shahar, aur 18 samudaay (isake bheetar 12 aur gaanv hain): orhei jilaa. kull 75 ilaake hainh 1 shahar, aur 37 samudaay (jisamen 37 aur gaanv shamil hain): rezina jilaa. kull 41 ilaake hainh 1 shahar (aage 3 gaanv), aur 24 samudaay (bheetar 13 aur gaanv): raskani jilaa. kull 55 ilaake hainh 2 shahar/kasbe (aage 6 gaanv), aur 26 samudaay (isake bheetar 21 aur gaanv): sengeri jilaa. kull 70 ilaake hainh 2 shahar/kasbe (aage 1 gaanv), aur 24 samudaay (bheetar 43 aur gaanv): soroka jilaa. kull 68 ilaake hainh 1 shahar, aur 34 samudaay (isake bheetar 33 aur gaanv hain): strasseni jilaa. kull 39 ilaake hainh 2 shahar/kasbe (aage 2 gaanv), aur 25 samudaay (bheetar 10 aur gaanv): soldnesty jilaa. kull 33 ilaake hainh 1 shahar, aur 22 samudaay (jisamen 10 aur gaanv shamil hain): jile kaa naam-aeye-funn. kull 26 ilaake hainh 1 shahar, aur 22 samudaay (isake bheetar 3 aur gaanv hain): taraclea jilaa. kull 26 ilaake hainh 2 shahar, aur 13 samudaay (isake bheetar 11 aur gaanv hain): telenesty jilaa. kull 54 ilaake hainh 1 shahar (aage 2 gaanv), aur 30 samudaay (isake bheetar 21 aur gaanv): unghani jilaa. kull 74 ilaake hainh 2 shahar/kasbe (aage 1 gaanv), aur 31 samudaay (bheetar 40 aur gaanv): loga. kull 32 ilaake hainh 3 shahar/kasbe (aage 1 gaanv shamil haye), aur 23 samudaay (ander 5 aur gaanv shamil hain): neister kaa baayan tata. kshetriya prashaasnik sangathan parr moldovan kaanoon key anusaar, neister key baaen tata parr (aaj jyaadaatar transnistria key asweekrit alag raajya key niyantran mein), kull 147 ilaake hainh 10 shahar/kasbe (aage 2 gaanv shamil hain), aur 69 samudaay (bheetar 66 aur gaanv shamil hain):

moldovadallina pradeshagala patti 66 nagara pradeshagalu (avugalalli 53 nagaragalu/pattanagalu (), mattu 13 purasabhegalu ()), mattu 1616 grameena pradeshagalu-gramagalu () seridante, moldovadalli 1682 pradeshagalive. praadeshika aadalitaatmaka samstheya melina moldovan kaanoonina prakara, eradu athawa hecchina gramagalu ottaagi ondu samudaayavannu () rachisabahudu. ee pattiyannu jilleyinda (athawa itara modala hantada aadalitaatmaka ghataka) aayojisalaagide, mattu pratiyondakkoo idu ellah nagaragalu mattu samudaayagalannu varnamaaleyante patti maaduttade. asanghatita pradeshagalannu avu seriruva nagaragalu mattu samudaayagala adiyalli patti maadalaagide. samyojita pradeshagala pradeshagalu deshada sampoorna pradeshavannu olagondiruttave. chisinou purasabheya. ottu 35 pradeshagaliveh 7 nagaragalu/pattanagalu (innoo 2 gramagalannu olagondive), mattu 12 samudaayagalu (innoo 14 gramagalannu olagondive): baaliya purasabheya. ottu 3 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara, mattu 2 samudaayagalu. bender purasabheya (tighina). ottu 2 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara, mattu 1 samudayah aneni noi jille. ottu 45 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara (innoo 5 gramagalannu olagondiruttade), mattu 25 samudaayagalu (innoo 14 gramagalannu olagondiruttade): basarabesca jille. ottu 10 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara, mattu 6 samudaayagalu (innoo 3 gramagalannu olagondive): briseni jille. ottu 39 pradeshagaliveh 2 nagaragalu, mattu 26 samudaayagalu (innoo 11 gramagalannu olagondive): kahul jille. ottu 55 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara (innoo 1 graamavannu olagondiruttade), mattu 36 samudaayagalu (innoo 17 gramagalannu olagondiruttade): cantemir jille. ottu 51 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara, mattu 26 samudaayagalu (innoo 24 gramagalannu olagondive): jilleya. ottu 44 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara (innoo 1 graamavannu olagondiruttade), mattu 27 samudaayagalu (innoo 15 gramagalannu olagondiruttade): kauseni jille. ottu 48 pradeshagaliveh 2 nagaragalu/pattanagalu (innoo 1 graamavannu olagondive), mattu 28 samudaayagalu (innoo 17 gramagalannu olagondive): simislia jille. ottu 39 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara (innoo 3 gramagalannu olagondiruttade), mattu 22 samudaayagalu (innoo 13 gramagalannu olagondiruttade): creuleni jille. ottu 43 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara (2 gramagalannu olagondiruttade), mattu 24 samudaayagalu (innoo 16 gramagalannu olagondiruttade): donduseni jille. ottu 30 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara, mattu 21 samudaayagalu (innoo 8 gramagalannu olagondive): drochia jille. ottu 40 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara, mattu 27 samudaayagalu (innoo 12 gramagalannu olagondive): dubai jille. ottu 15 pradeshagaliveh 11 samudaayagalu (innoo 4 gramagalannu olagondive): nagaragalu/pattanagalu. ee jilleyalli yaavude nagaragalilla. edine jille. ottu 49 pradeshagaliveh 2 nagaragalu/pattanagalu (innoo 4 gramagalannu olagondive), mattu 30 samudaayagalu (innoo 13 gramagalannu olagondive): jilleya. ottu 76 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara (innoo 1 graamavannu olagondiruttade), mattu 32 samudaayagalu (innoo 42 gramagalannu olagondiruttade): florida jille. ottu 74 pradeshagaliveh 3 nagaragalu, mattu 37 samudaayagalu (olagina innoo 34 gramagalannu olagondive): glodeny jille. ottu 35 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara (innoo 1 graamavannu olagondiruttade), mattu 18 samudaayagalu (innoo 15 gramagalannu olagondiruttade): jilleyu. ottu 63 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara, mattu 38 samudaayagalu (innoo 24 gramagalannu olagondive): yeloveni jille. ottu 34 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara, mattu 24 samudaayagalu (innoo 9 gramagalannu olagondive): leova jille. ottu 39 pradeshagaliveh 2 nagaragalu/pattanagalu (innoo 1 graamavannu olagondive), mattu 23 samudaayagalu (innoo 13 gramagalannu olagondive): nisporeni jille. ottu 39 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara, mattu 22 samudaayagalu (innoo 16 gramagalannu olagondive): jilleya oo. ottu 33 pradeshagaliveh 3 nagaragalu, mattu 18 samudaayagalu (innoo 12 gramagalannu olagondive): orhe jille. ottu 75 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara, mattu 37 samudaayagalu (innoo 37 gramagalannu olagondive): regina jille. ottu 41 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara (innoo 3 gramagalannu olagondiruttade), mattu 24 samudaayagalu (innoo 13 gramagalannu olagondiruttade): risini jille. ottu 55 pradeshagaliveh 2 nagaragalu/pattanagalu (innoo 6 gramagalannu olagondive), mattu 26 samudaayagalu (innoo 21 gramagalannu olagondive): singeri jille. ottu 70 pradeshagaliveh 2 nagaragalu/pattanagalu (innoo 1 graamavannu olagondive), mattu 24 samudaayagalu (innoo 43 gramagalannu olagondive): soroka jille. ottu 68 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara, mattu 34 samudaayagalu (innoo 33 gramagalannu olagondive): jilleya. ottu 39 pradeshagaliveh 2 nagaragalu/pattanagalu (innoo 2 gramagalannu olagondive), mattu 25 samudaayagalu (innoo 10 gramagalannu olagondive): jillegalu. ottu 33 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara, mattu 22 samudaayagalu (innoo 10 gramagalannu olagondive): jilla aadalita. ottu 26 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara, mattu 22 samudaayagalu (innoo 3 gramagalannu olagondive): taraclea jille. ottu 26 pradeshagaliveh 2 nagaragalu, mattu 13 samudaayagalu (innoo 11 gramagalannu olagondive): telenesty jille. ottu 54 pradeshagaliveh 1 nagara (2 gramagalannu olagondiruttade), mattu 30 samudaayagalu (21 gramagalannu olagondiruttade): ungheni jille. ottu 74 pradeshagaliveh 2 nagaragalu/pattanagalu (innoo 1 graamavannu olagondive), mattu 31 samudaayagalu (innoo 40 gramagalannu olagondive): goragu. ottu 32 pradeshagaliveh 3 nagaragalu/pattanagalu (innoo 1 graamavannu olagondive), mattu 23 samudaayagalu (innoo 5 gramagalannu olagondive): diniseterna edadande. praadeshika aadalitaatmaka samstheya melina moldovan kaanoonina prakara, dinistern eda dandeyalli (indu hechchaagi gurutisalagada vibhajaneya rajyada niyantranadallide), ottu 147 pradeshagaliveh 10 nagaragalu/pattanagalu (innoo 2 gramagalannu olagondive), mattu 69 samudaayagalu (olage innoo 66 gramagalannu olagondive):

moldovayile pradeshangalude pattika 66 nagarapradeshangalum (avayil 53 nagarangal/pattanangal (), 13 munisippaalittikal ()), 1616 graameenapradeshangal-gramangal () ennivayulppede 1682 pradeshangal moldovayilundu. praadeshika bharanasamvidhaanathekkurichallu moldovan niyamam anusarichu, rando athiladhikamo graamangalkk orumichu oru kammyoon () roopeekarikkaan kazhiyum. eee pattika jilla (allengil mattu onnaam nira bharana yoonit) krameekarichirikkunnu, oronninum ithu ellah nagarangaleyum kammyoonukaleyum aksharamaalaakramathil pattikappedutthunnu. incorporate cheyyaatha pradeshangal avar ulppedunna nagarangalkkum communeukalkkum keezhil pattikappedutthiyittundu. samyojitha pradeshangalude pradeshangal raajyathinte muzhuvan pradeshatheyum ulkkollunnu. chisinou munisippaalitti. motham 35 pradeshangalund 7 nagarangal/pattanangal (2 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu), 12 kammyoonukal (14 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): balty munisippaalitti. motham 3 pradeshangalund 1 nagaram, 2 kammyoonukal munisippaalitti oof bender (tigina). motham 2 pradeshangalund 1 nagaram, 1 kammyoon aneni noyi jilla. motham 45 pradeshangalund 1 nagaram (5 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu), 25 kammyoonukal (14 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): bazarabeska jilla. motham 10 pradeshangalund 1 nagravum 6 kammyoonukalum (3 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): briseni jilla. aake 39 pradeshangalund 2 nagarangalum 26 kammyoonukalum (11 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): kahul jilla. motham 55 pradeshangalund 1 nagaram (oru graamam koodi ulkkollunnu), 36 kammyoonukal (17 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): kaantamir jilla. motham 51 pradeshangalund 1 nagravum 26 kammyoonukalum (24 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): kalarasi jilla. motham 44 pradeshangalund 1 nagaram (1 graamam koodi ulkkollunnu), 27 kammyoonukal (15 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): kauseni jilla. motham 48 pradeshangalund 2 nagarangal/pattanangal (oru graamam koodi ulkkollunnu), 28 kammyoonukal (17 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): simisalia jilla. motham 39 pradeshangalund 1 nagaram (3 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu), 22 kammyoonukal (13 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): creuleni jilla. motham 43 pradeshangalund 1 nagaram (2 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu), 24 kammyoonukal (16 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): donduseni jilla. motham 30 pradeshangalund 1 nagravum 21 kammyoonukalum (8 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): droachia jilla. motham 40 pradeshangalund 1 nagravum 27 kammyoonukalum (12 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): dubai jilla. motham 15 pradeshangalund 11 kammyoonukal (4 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): nagarangal/pattanangal. eee jillayil nagarangalilla. edinettu jilla. motham 49 pradeshangalund 2 nagarangal/pattanangal (4 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu), 30 kammyoonukal (13 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): jilla. aake 76 pradeshangalund 1 nagaram (1 graamam koodi ulkkollunnu), 32 kammyoonukal (42 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): floresty jilla. aake 74 pradeshangalund 3 nagarangalum 37 kammyoonukalum (34 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): glodeny jilla. motham 35 pradeshangalund 1 nagaram (oru graamam koodi ulkkollunnu), 18 kammyoonukal (15 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): hinsesti jilla. aake 63 pradeshangalund 1 nagravum 38 kammyoonukalum (24 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): eloveni jilla. motham 34 pradeshangalund 1 nagravum 24 kammyoonukalum (9 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): leova jilla. aake 39 pradeshangalund 2 nagarangal/pattanangal (oru graamam koodi ulkkollunnu), 23 kammyoonukal (13 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): nisporeni jilla. motham 39 pradeshangalund 1 nagravum 22 kammyoonukalum (16 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): oknitta jilla. motham 33 pradeshangalund 3 nagarangalum 18 kammyoonukalum (12 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): orhe jilla. motham 75 pradeshangalund 1 nagravum 37 kammyoonukalum (37 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): reseena jilla. motham 41 pradeshangalund 1 nagaram (3 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu), 24 kammyoonukal (13 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): riscani jilla. motham 55 pradeshangalund 2 nagarangal/pattanangal (6 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu), 26 kammyoonukal (21 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): singheri jilla. aake 70 pradeshangalund 2 nagarangal/pattanangal (oru graamam koodi ulkkollunnu), 24 kammyoonukal (43 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): soroka jilla. motham 68 pradeshangalund 1 nagravum 34 kammyoonukalum (33 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): strasseni jilla. motham 39 pradeshangalund 2 nagarangal/pattanangal (2 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu), 25 kammyoonukal (10 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): soldenesty jilla. motham 33 pradeshangalund 1 nagravum 22 kammyoonukalum (10 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): tephan voda jilla. motham 26 pradeshangalund 1 nagravum 22 kammyoonukalum (3 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): taraclea jilla. aake 26 pradeshangalund 2 nagarangalum 13 kammyoonukalum (11 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): telaneesti jilla. motham 54 pradeshangalund 1 nagaram (2 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu), 30 kammyoonukal (21 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): ungheni jilla. aake 74 pradeshangalund 2 nagarangal/pattanangal (oru graamam koodi ulkkollunnu), 31 kammyoonukal (40 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu): gagosia. motham 32 pradeshangalund 3 nagarangal/pattanangal (koodaathe 1 graamam ulkkollunnu), 23 kammyoonukal (koodaathe 5 gramangal ulkkollunnu): neesttarinte idathu karaa. praadeshika bharanasamvidhaanathekkurichallu moldovan niyamam anusarichu, neesttarinte idathu karayil (innu kooduthalum amgeekarikkappedaatha verpirinja samsthaanamaaya transnistry niyanthranathilaanu), motham 147 pradeshangalund 10 nagarangal/pattanangal (2 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu), 69 kammyoonukal (66 gramangal koodi ulkkollunnu):

moldovamadhil thikananchi yadee moldova yethe 1682 sthanik aahet, jyat 66 shahari bhag (tyapaiki 53 shahare/gave () aanee 13 nagarpalika ()) aanee 1616 grameen bhag-gave () yancha samavesh aahe. pradeshik prashasakeey sanghatanevaril moldovan kayadyanusar, done kinwa adhik gave ekatra eka samuday () tayar karoo shakatat. hii yadee jilhyadvare (kinwa itar pratham-stariy prashasakeey ekak) aayojit kelee jaate aanee pratyekasathi tee serve shahare aanee samudayanchi varnanukramik yadee dete. bigger-nigadit bhag heey jyaa shaharanshi aanee samudayanshi sambandhit aahet, tyaa shaharanchya yadeet samavisht aahet. samavisht kelelya kshetranche pradesh deshachya sampoorn pradeshala vyapatat. chiniuchi nagarpalika. ekoon 35 thikane aaheth 7 shahare/gave (pudhe 2 gave aahet) aanee 12 samuday (aat aanakhi 14 gave aahet): balechi nagarpalika. ekoon 3 thikane aaheth 1 shahar aanee 2 samudayah bender nagarpalika (tighina). ekoon 2 thikane aaheth 1 shahar aanee 1 samudayah eneni noee jilha. ekoon 45 thikane aaheth 1 shahar (pudhe 5 gave asalele) aanee 25 samuday (aanakhi 14 gave asalele): basrabiaska jilha. ekoon 10 thikane aaheth 1 shahar aanee 6 samuday (aat aanakhi 3 gave aahet): briseni jilha. ekoon 39 thikane aaheth 2 shahare aanee 26 samuday (tyat aanakhi 11 gave aahet): kahul jilha. ekoon 55 thikane aaheth 1 shahar (pudhe 1 gaav) aanee 36 samuday (aat aanakhi 17 gave): cantemir jilha. ekoon 51 thikane aaheth 1 shahar aanee 26 samuday (tyat aanakhi 24 gave aahet): kalarasi jilha. ekoon 44 thikane aaheth 1 shahar (pudhe 1 gaav) aanee 27 samuday (aat aanakhi 15 gave): kauseni jilha. ekoon 48 thikane aaheth 2 shahare/gave (pudhe 1 gaav) aanee 28 samuday (aat aanakhi 17 gave): simishaliya jilha. ekoon 39 thikane aaheth 1 shahar (pudhe 3 gave asalele) aanee 22 samuday (aat aanakhi 13 gave asalele): cruleni jilha. ekoon 43 thikane aaheth 1 shahar (pudhe 2 gave asalele) aanee 24 samuday (aat aanakhi 16 gave asalele): donduseneni jilha. ekoon 30 thikane aaheth 1 shahar aanee 21 samuday (tyat aanakhi 8 gave aahet): drochia jilha. ekoon 40 thikane aaheth 1 shahar aanee 27 samuday (tyat aanakhi 12 gave aahet): dubai jilha. ekoon 15 thikane aaheth 11 samuday (tyamadhye aanakhi 4 gave aahet): shahare/gave. yaa jeelhyat ekahi shahar nahee. edinat jilha. ekoon 49 thikane aaheth 2 shahare/gave (pudhe 4 gave) aanee 30 samuday (aat aanakhi 13 gave): jilha. ekoon 76 thikane aaheth 1 shahar (pudhe 1 gaav) aanee 32 samuday (aat aanakhi 42 gave): florida jilha. ekoon 74 thikane aaheth 3 shahare aanee 37 samuday (tyamadhye aanakhi 34 gave aahet): glodeni jilha. ekoon 35 thikane aaheth 1 shahar (pudhe 1 gaav) aanee 18 samuday (aat aanakhi 15 gave): hisati jilha. ekoon 63 thikane aaheth 1 shahar aanee 38 samuday (tyat aanakhi 24 gave aahet): ialoveni jilha. ekoon 34 thikane aaheth 1 shahar aanee 24 samuday (tyat aanakhi 9 gave aahet): leova jilha. ekoon 39 thikane aaheth 2 shahare/gave (pudhe 1 gaav) aanee 23 samuday (aat aanakhi 13 gave): nisporni jilha. ekoon 39 thikane aaheth 1 shahar aanee 22 samuday (tyat aanakhi 16 gave aahet): oknita jilha. ekoon 33 thikane aaheth 3 shahare aanee 18 samuday (tyamadhye aanakhi 12 gave aahet): orhei jilha. ekoon 75 thikane aaheth 1 shahar aanee 37 samuday (tyamadhye aanakhi 37 gave aahet): rezina jilha. ekoon 41 thikane aaheth 1 shahar (pudhe 3 gave) aanee 24 samuday (aat aanakhi 13 gave): raskani jilha. ekoon 55 thikane aaheth 2 shahare/gave (pudhe 6 gave) aanee 26 samuday (aat aanakhi 21 gave): singeri jilha. ekoon 70 thikane aaheth 2 shahare/gave (pudhe 1 gaav) aanee 24 samuday (aat aanakhi 43 gave): soroka jilha. ekoon 68 thikane aaheth 1 shahar aanee 34 samuday (tyat aanakhi 33 gave aahet): strasseny jilha. ekoon 39 thikane aaheth 2 shahare/gave (pudhe 2 gave) aanee 25 samuday (aat aanakhi 10 gave): soldensty jilha. ekoon 33 thikane aaheth 1 shahar aanee 22 samuday (tyat aanakhi 10 gave aahet): jilha vasoda. ekoon 26 thikane aaheth 1 shahar aanee 22 samuday (aat aanakhi 3 gave aahet): taraclea jilha. ekoon 26 thikane aaheth 2 shahare aanee 13 samuday (tyat aanakhi 11 gave aahet): telanesty jilha. ekoon 54 thikane aaheth 1 shahar (pudhe 2 gave asalele) aanee 30 samuday (aat aanakhi 21 gave asalele): ugheni jilha. ekoon 74 thikane aaheth 2 shahare/gave (pudhe 1 gaav) aanee 31 samuday (aat aanakhi 40 gave): khel. ekoon 32 thikane aaheth 3 shahare/gave (pudhe tyat 1 gaav aahe) aanee 23 samuday (aat aanakhi 5 gave aahet): nistercha dawa kinara. pradeshik prashasakeey sanghatanevaril moldovan kayadyanusar, neestarchya davya kathavar (aaj bahutekatah transnistriyachya manyata nasalelya vibhakt rajyachya niyantranat), ekoon 147 thikane aaheth 10 shahare/gave (pudhe 2 gave aahet) aanee 69 samuday (aat aanakhi 66 gave aahet):

moldobhaka sthanharuko suchi moldobhama 66 sahari ilakaharu (timadhye 53 sahar/saharharu (), rar 13 nagarpalika ()), rar 1616 gramin ilakaharu-gaaunharu () sahit 1682 ilakaharu chhan. khetriya prashasanik sangathanma moldoven kanuna anusar, dui wa badhi gaaunharule sangai commune () banauna sakchhan. yo suchi zilla (wa anya pratham-stariya prashasanik ekai) dwara wyawasthit garieko chha, rar pratyeka lagi yasale warnanukramma sabai saharharu rar samudayharu suchibadha gardacha. anigamit ilakaharu tiniharusanga sambandhit saharharu rar samudayharu antargat suchibadha chhan. nigamit ilakaharuko kshetraharule deshko sampurna kshetralai sametchha. chininauko nagarpalika. tyahan kull 35 wata ilakaharu chhanh 7 sahar/saharharu (thap 2 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan), rar 12 wata communharu (thap 14 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): balty nagarpalika. tyahan kull 3 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar, rar 2 communharuh bender nagarpalika (tigina). tyahan kull 2 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar, rar 1 kamyunah anneny noi zilla. tyahan kull 45 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar (thap 5 wata gaaunharu samawesh), rar 25 wata communharu (thap 14 wata gaaunharu samawesh): basarabiaska zilla. tyahan kull 10 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar, rar 6 wata communharu (bhitra thap 3 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): briseni zilla. tyahan kull 39 wata ilakaharu chhanh 2 saharharu, rar 26 communharu (bhitra thap 11 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): kahul zilla. tyahan kull 55 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar (thap 1 gaaun samawesh), rar 36 communharu (thap 17 gaaunharu samawesh): cantemir zilla. tyahan kull 51 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar, rar 26 wata communharu (bhitra thap 24 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): kalarasi zilla. tyahan kull 44 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar (thap 1 gaaun samawesh), rar 27 communharu (thap 15 gaaunharu samawesh): kauseni zilla. tyahan kull 48 wata ilakaharu chhanh 2 sahar/saharharu (thap 1 gaaun samawesh), rar 28 communharu (bhitra thap 17 gaaunharu samawesh): similia zilla. tyahan kull 39 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar (thap 3 wata gaaunharu samawesh), rar 22 wata communharu (thap 13 wata gaaunharu samawesh): crulany zilla. tyahan kull 43 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar (thap 2 gaaunharu samawesh), rar 24 wata communharu (thap 16 wata gaaunharu samawesh): dondusani zilla. tyahan kull 30 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar, rar 21 wata communharu (bhitra thap 8 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): drochia zilla. tyahan kull 40 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar, rar 27 communharu (bhitra thap 12 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): dubai zilla. tyahan kull 15 wata ilakaharu chhanh 11 wata communharu (bhitra thap 4 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): sahar/saharharu. yass jillama kunai sahar chhaina. adenut zilla. tyahan kull 49 wata ilakaharu chhanh 2 sahar/saharharu (thap 4 wata gaaunharu samawesh), rar 30 wata communharu (thap 13 wata gaaunharu samawesh): zilla fete. tyahan kull 76 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar (thap 1 gaaun samawesh), rar 32 communharu (bhitra thap 42 gaaunharu samawesh): floresty zilla. tyahan kull 74 wata ilakaharu chhanh 3 saharharu, rar 37 communharu (bhitra thap 34 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): glodeny zilla. tyahan kull 35 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar (thap 1 gaaun samawesh), rar 18 communharu (thap 15 gaaunharu samawesh): hissy zilla. tyahan kull 63 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar, rar 38 wata communharu (bhitra thap 24 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): ialobheni zilla. tyahan kull 34 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar, rar 24 wata communharu (bhitra thap 9 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): leobha zilla. tyahan kull 39 wata ilakaharu chhanh 2 sahar/saharharu (thap 1 gaaun samawesh), rar 23 communharu (bhitra thap 13 gaaunharu samawesh): nisporni zilla. tyahan kull 39 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar, rar 22 communharu (bhitra thap 16 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): zilla oknita. tyahan kull 33 wata ilakaharu chhanh 3 saharharu, rar 18 communharu (bhitra thap 12 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): orahei zilla. tyahan kull 75 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar, rar 37 communharu (bhitra thap 37 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): regina zilla. tyahan kull 41 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar (thap 3 gaaunharu samawesh), rar 24 communharu (thap 13 gaaunharu samawesh): raskani zilla. tyahan kull 55 wata ilakaharu chhanh 2 sahar/saharharu (thap 6 wata gaaunharu samawesh), rar 26 wata communharu (thap 21 wata gaaunharu samawesh): singeri zilla. tyahan kull 70 wata ilakaharu chhanh 2 sahar/saharharu (thap 1 gaaun samawesh), rar 24 wata communharu (bhitra thap 43 wata gaaunharu samawesh): soroka zilla. tyahan kull 68 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar, rar 34 communharu (bhitra thap 33 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): strasseny zilla. tyahan kull 39 wata ilakaharu chhanh 2 sahar/saharharu (thap 2 gaaunharu samawesh), rar 25 communharu (thap 10 gaaunharu samawesh): soldenesty zilla. tyahan kull 33 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar, rar 22 communharu (bhitra thap 10 gaaunharu samawesh chhan): yo zilla how. tyahan kull 26 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar, rar 22 communharu (bhitra thap 3 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): taraclea zilla. tyahan kull 26 wata ilakaharu chhanh 2 wata saharharu, rar 13 wata communharu (bhitra thap 11 wata gaaunharu samawesh chhan): telenisty zilla. tyahan kull 54 wata ilakaharu chhanh 1 sahar (thap 2 gaaunharu samawesh), rar 30 communharu (thap 21 gaaunharu samawesh): ungeni zilla. tyahan kull 74 wata ilakaharu chhanh 2 sahar/saharharu (thap 1 gaaun samawesh), rar 31 communharu (thap 40 gaaunharu samawesh): yo khel how. tyahan kull 32 wata ilakaharu chhanh 3 wata sahar/saharharu (thap 1 wata gaaun bhitra), rar 23 wata communharu (thap 5 wata gaaun bhitra): nisterko bayan kinar. khetriya prashasanik sangathanko moldowan kanunanusar, nisterko bayan kinarma (az prayaha transnistriako aparichit vibhajit rajyako niyantranma), tyahan kull 147 sthanharu chhanh 10 sahar/saharharu (thap 2 gaaunharu samawesh chhan), rar 69 communharu (bhitra thap 66 gaaunharu samawesh chhan):

moldovara sthaniah anchalara talika moldova thaare thaare anchala rahichhi, jeunthire (ahuri saharanchal (sethimadhyaru (sethimadhyaru sahara/sahara (), ebong ebong pourapalika ()) ebong ebong grameena anchala-gramm () rahichhi. anchalika prashasanika sangathana upare moldovan ine anujai, dui kimba adhika gramm ekathi eka commune () gathan kariparibe . ehi talika zillah (kimba anya pratham stariah prashasanika unit) dwara sangathita hoithae, ebong pratyeka paain ehaa samasta sahara ebong kamyunaku barnanukramika bhabare talikabhukta kare . asanghatita anchalagudika sahara ebong commune adheenare talikabhukta hoichhi jaahaa semane antarbhukta . antarbhukta anchalagudikara anchala deshar samagra anchalaku antarbhukta kare . chinio pourapalika. mote mote anchala rahichhih rahichhih sahara/sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramm madhyare), ebong aau commune (ahuri (ahuri gramm madhyare): balty pourapalika. mote rahichhih anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara ebong (ahuri kamyunah bender (tigina) rahr pourapalika. mote (ahuri anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara, ebong (ahuri kamyunah aneni noi zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramaku nei), ebong ebong commune (ahuri (ahuri gramaku nei): basarabeska zillah. mote rahichhih anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara, ebong (ahuri commune (ehaa madhyare ahuri rahichhih gramm rahichhi): briseni zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara, ebong mote commune (ehaa madhyare ahuri ahuri gramm rahichhi): kahul zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramm), ebong ebong commune (ahuri (ahuri gramm sahita): cantemyra zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara, ebong mote commune (ehaa madhyare ahuri ebong gramm rahichhi): kalarasi zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramm), ebong ebong commune (ahuri (ahuri gramm sahita): kauseni zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara/sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramm), ebong ebong commune (ahuri (ahuri gramm sahita): simeolia zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara (ahuri rahichhih gramaku nei), ebong ebong commune (ahuri ebong gramaku nei): kriuleni zillah. mote (ahuri anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramaku nei), ebong ebong commune (ahuri ahuri gramaku nei): donduseni zillah. mote ebong anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara, ebong (ahuri commune (ehaa madhyare ahuri ahuri gramm rahichhi): drochia zillah. mote (ahuri anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara, ebong ebong commune (ehaa madhyare aau aau gramm rahichhi): dubasari zillah. mote (ahuri anchala rahichhih ahuri commune (ehaa madhyare ahuri (ahuri gramm rahichhi): sahara/sahara. ehi jillare kaunasi sahara naahin. edinet zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara/sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramaku nei), ebong ebong commune (ahuri ebong gramaku nei): zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramm), ebong mote commune (ahuri (ahuri gramm sahita): florida zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih rahichhih sahara, ebong ahuri commune (ehaa madhyare ahuri ebong gramm rahichhi): glodeny zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramm), ebong ebong commune (ahuri (ahuri gramm sahita): hincesty zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara, ebong ebong commune (ehaa madhyare ahuri ebong gramm rahichhi): ailobheni zillah. mote ebong anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara, ebong ebong commune (ehaa madhyare aau aau gramm rahichhi): liobha zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara/sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramm), ebong ebong commune (ahuri ebong gramm sahita): nisporini zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara, ebong ebong commune (ehaa madhyare ahuri ahuri gramm rahichhi): zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih rahichhih sahara, ebong ebong commune (ehaa madhyare aau aau gramm rahichhi): orahei zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara, ebong ahuri commune (ehaa madhyare ahuri ahuri gramm rahichhi): regina zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara (ahuri rahichhih gramaku nei), ebong ebong commune (ahuri ebong gramaku nei): ruscani zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara/sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramaku nei), ebong mote commune (ahuri (ahuri gramaku nei): singeree zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara/sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramm), ebong ebong commune (ahuri (ahuri gramm sahita): soroka zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara, ebong ebong commune (ehaa madhyare ahuri mote gramm rahichhi): stressiony zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara/sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramm), ebong ebong commune (ahuri rahichhih gramm sahita): soldenisty zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara, ebong ebong commune (ehaa madhyare aau rahichhih gramm rahichhi): tefan bhoda zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara, ebong ebong commune (ehaa madhyare ahuri rahichhih gramm rahichhi): taraclea zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara, ebong ebong commune (ehaa madhyare ahuri ahuri gramm rahichhi): telenesty zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramaku nei), ebong ebong commune (ahuri (ahuri gramaku nei): ungeni zillah. mote mote anchala rahichhih (ahuri sahara/sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramm), ebong ebong commune (ahuri (ahuri gramm sahita): dhancha. mote mote anchala rahichhih rahichhih sahara/sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramm madhyare), ebong ebong commune (ahuri (ahuri gramm madhyare): dinister baama koola. anchalika prashasanika sangathana upare moldovan ine anujai, dinister baama koolare (aaji adhikansha sweekrutiprapta bichhinna rajyara nijantranare), mote mote anchala rahichhih rahichhih sahara/sahara (ahuri (ahuri gramm madhyare), ebong ebong commune (ahuri (ahuri gramm madhyare):

moldova witch sathanan dee suchi moldova witch 1682 ilaake hunn, jinhan witch 66 shahiri ilaake (jinhan vicchon 53 shehar/kasbe () atey 13 mioonspeltiaan () hunn), atey 1616 pendu ilaake-pind () shamal hunn. khetri parshaski sangathan baare moldovan kanoon dey anusar, doou jaan doou toon vaddh pind ikkathe mill keey ikk kamioon () bnaa sakde hunn. ih suchi zilhe (jaan horr pahili-padhri parshaski ikai) duaara sangathit keeti gaee haii, atey harek laee ih varanmala anusar saare shahiran atey communes noon suchibadh kardi haii. gair-sangathit ilaake uhanan shahiran atey bhaichariaan dey tehat suchibadh hunn jinhan naal uh sabandhat hunn. shamal keete gaye khetran dey khetar desh dey poore khetar noon cover karde hunn. chinino dee nagarpalika. kull 35 ilaake hann 7 shehar/kasbe (ander 2 pind shamal hunn), atey 12 kamioon (ander horr 14 pind shamal hunn): balti dee municipality. itthe kull 3 ilaake hann 1 shehar, atey 2 commune bander (tigina) dee municipality. itthe kull 2 ilaake hann 1 shehar, atey 1 commune aneni noee zilha. itthe kull 45 ilaake hann 1 shehar (agge 5 pind), atey 25 kamioon (horr 14 pind): basarabesca zilha. itthe kull 10 ilaake hann 1 shehar, atey 6 kamioon (jiss witch 3 horr pind shamal hunn): briseni zilha. kull 39 ilaake hann 2 shehar, atey 26 kamioon (jiss witch 11 horr pind shamal hunn): kahul zilha. itthe kull 55 ilaake hann 1 shehar (1 pind samet), atey 36 kamioon (17 horr pind shamal hunn): cantemir zilha. itthe kull 51 ilaake hann 1 shehar, atey 26 kamioon (jiss witch 24 horr pind shamal hunn): zilha kalarasi. itthe kull 44 ilaake hann 1 shehar (1 pind samet), atey 27 kamioon (15 horr pind shamal hunn): kauseni zilha. kull 48 ilaake hann 2 shehar/kasbe (1 pind samet), atey 28 kamioon (17 horr pind shamal hunn): similia zilha. itthe kull 39 ilaake hann 1 shehar (3 pind shamal hunn), atey 22 kamioon (13 horr pind shamal hunn): creulany zilha. itthe kull 43 ilaake hann 1 shehar (2 pind shamal hunn), atey 24 kamioon (16 horr pind shamal hunn): dodusseni zilha. itthe kull 30 ilaake hann 1 shehar, atey 21 kamioon (jiss witch agge 8 pind shamal hunn): drochia zilha. itthe kull 40 ilaake hann 1 shehar, atey 27 kamioon (jiss witch 12 horr pind shamal hunn): dubai zilha. itthe kull 15 ilaake hann 11 kamioon (jiss witch horr 4 pind shamal hunn): shehar/kasbe. iss zilhe witch koee shehar naheen hunn. edinet zilha. kull 49 ilaake hann 2 shehar/kasbe (agge 4 pind), atey 30 kamioon (ander horr 13 pind): zilha faili. itthe kull 76 ilaake hann 1 shehar (1 pind samet), atey 32 kamioon (ander horr 42 pind shamal hunn): floresty zilha. itthe kull 74 ilaake hann 3 shehar, atey 37 kamioon (jiss witch horr 34 pind shamal hunn): glodeni zilha. itthe kull 35 ilaake hann 1 shehar (1 pind samet), atey 18 kamioon (15 horr pind shamal hunn): hinsti zilha. itthe kull 63 ilaake hann 1 shehar, atey 38 kamioon (jiss witch 24 horr pind shamal hunn): ialoveni zilha. itthe kull 34 ilaake hann 1 shehar, atey 24 kamioon (jiss witch 9 horr pind shamal hunn): leova zilha kull 39 ilaake hann 2 shehar/kasbe (1 pind samet), atey 23 kamioon (ander 13 horr pind shamal hunn): nisporni zilha. itthe kull 39 ilaake hann 1 shehar, atey 22 kamioon (jiss witch horr 16 pind shamal hunn): zilha ou. see. aaee. itthe kull 33 ilaake hann 3 shehar, atey 18 kamioon (jiss witch 12 horr pind shamal hunn): orhei zilha. itthe kull 75 ilaake hann 1 shehar, atey 37 kamioon (jiss witch 37 horr pind shamal hunn): rezina zilha. itthe kull 41 ilaake hann 1 shehar (3 pind shamal hunn), atey 24 kamioon (13 horr pind shamal hunn): raskani zilha. kull 55 ilaake hann 2 shehar/kasbe (agge 6 pind), atey 26 kamioon (ander 21 horr pind): singrei zilha. kull 70 ilaake hann 2 shehar/kasbe (1 pind samet), atey 24 kamioon (ander 43 horr pind shamal hunn): soroka zilha. itthe kull 68 ilaake hann 1 shehar, atey 34 kamioon (jiss witch horr 33 pind shamal hunn): zilha patti. kull 39 ilaake hann 2 shehar/kasbe (2 pind shamal hunn), atey 25 kamioon (10 horr pind shamal hunn): soldenesty zilha. itthe kull 33 ilaake hann 1 shehar, atey 22 kamioon (jiss witch 10 horr pind shamal hunn): zilha vadda. itthe kull 26 ilaake hann 1 shehar, atey 22 kamioon (jiss witch 3 horr pind shamal hunn): terraclea zilha. itthe kull 26 ilaake hann 2 shehar, atey 13 kamioon (jiss witch 11 horr pind shamal hunn): telenesty zilha. itthe kull 54 ilaake hann 1 shehar (2 pind shamal hunn), atey 30 kamioon (21 horr pind shamal hunn): ungheni zilha. kull 74 ilaake hann 2 shehar/kasbe (1 pind samet), atey 31 kamioon (ander horr 40 pind shamal hunn): gall crow. itthe kull 32 ilaake hann 3 shehar/kasbe (ander 1 pind shamal haii), atey 23 kamioon (ander 5 horr pind shamal hunn): neester daa khabba kandhe. khetri parshaski sangathan baare moldovan kanoon dey anusar, neester dey khabbe kandhe (ajj ziaadaatar transnistria dey ann-maanta prapat tuttan vaale raaj dey niyantaran witch), kull 147 ilaake hann 10 shehar/kasbe (agge 2 pind shamal hunn), atey 69 kamioon (ander horr 66 pind shamal hunn):

moldova-nagarasya sthananam soocheeh moldova-nagare 1682 pradeshah santi, yeshu 66 nagarapradeshah (teshu 53 nagaraani/nagaraani (), 13 nagarapalikaha () cha santi), 1616 graminapradeshaha-graamaah () cha santi. pradeshikaprashasanika-sanghatanasy moldovan-niyamasya anugunam, dwau vaa adhikau vaa graamau militvaa kamyoon () nirmaatum shaknuvanti. eshaa soochee mandaladwara (athavaa anyena prathama-stariya-prashaasanik-ekakena) ayojita asti, pratyekasya krute varnaanukramikaroopen sarvaani nagaraani samudayani cha soochayati. asanghatita-pradeshah teshaam nagaranam samudayanam cha antargatam soochibaddhaani santi. nigamita-pradeshanam pradeshah deshasya sampoornam kshetram aacchaadayanti. nagarapalika chisinaau. atra aahaty 35 pradeshah santi-7 nagaraani/nagaraani (itoapi 2 graamaah santi), 12 samudayah (api cha 14 graamaah santi). balty-nagarasya nagarapalika. atra aahaty 3 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram, 2 samudayah cha. bender-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar-nagar atra aahaty 2 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram, 1 samudayah cha. enenee noee mandalam. atra aahaty 45 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram (itoapi 5 graamaah), 25 samudayah (itoapi 14 graamaah) cha. basarabiaska-mandalam. atra aahaty 10 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram, 6 samudayah (antare anyaah 3 graamaah santi): briseni-mandalam. atra aahaty 39 pradeshah santi-2 nagaraani, 26 samudayah (antare 11 graamaah santi): kaahul-mandalam. atra aahaty 55 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram (itoapi 1 graamah), 36 samudayah (itoapi 17 graamaah santi) cha. kentameer-mandalam. aahaty 51 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram, 26 samudayah (adhikaani 24 gramani antarbhavanti). kalarasi-mandalam. atra aahaty 44 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram (itoapi 1 graamah), 27 samudayah (api cha 15 graamaah santi). kausenee-mandalam. atra aahaty 48 pradeshah santi-2 nagaraani/nagaraani (itoapi 1 graamah), 28 samudayah (itoapi 17 graamaah santi): similia-mandalam. atra aahaty 39 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram (itoapi 3 graamaah), 22 samudayah (itoapi 13 graamaah santi) cha. creulany-mandalam. atra aahaty 43 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram (itoapi 2 graamaah), 24 samudayah (itoapi 16 graamaah santi). donduseni-mandalam. atra aahaty 30 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram, 21 samudayah (antare 8 graamaah santi): drochiya-mandalam. atra aahaty 40 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram, 27 samudayah (antare 12 graamaah santi): dubai-mandalam. aahaty 15 pradeshah santi-11 samudayah (antare anyaah 4 graamaah santi): nagaraani/nagaraani. asmin mandale naa nagaraani santi. edinut-mandalam. atra aahaty 49 pradeshah santi-2 nagaraani/nagaraani (itoapi 4 graamaah santi), 30 samudayah (itoapi 13 graamaah santi): mandalam. atra aahaty 76 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram (itoapi 1 graamah), 32 samudayah (itoapi 42 graamaah santi) cha. floresty-mandalam. atra aahaty 74 pradeshah santi-3 nagaraani, 37 samudayah (antare 34 graamaah santi): glodeny-mandalam. atra aahaty 35 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram (itoapi 1 graamah), 18 samudayah (api cha 15 graamaah santi). hinsetty-mandalam. atra aahaty 63 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram, 38 samudayah (api cha 24 graamaah santi). iloveni-mandalam. aahaty 34 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram, 24 samudayah (antare 9 graamaah santi): leova-mandalam. atra aahaty 39 pradeshah santi-2 nagaraani/nagaraani (itoapi 1 graamah), 23 samudayah (api cha 13 graamaah santi). nisporanee-mandalam. atra aahaty 39 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram, 22 samudayah (antare 16 graamaah santi): oknita-mandalam. atra aahaty 33 pradeshah santi-3 nagaraani, 18 samudayah (antare 12 graamaah santi): orahe-mandalam. atra aahaty 75 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram, 37 samudayah (37 graamaah api santi). rezina-mandalam. atra aahaty 41 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram (itoapi 3 graamaah), 24 samudayah (itoapi 13 graamaah santi): rasakaani-mandalam. atra aahaty 55 pradeshah santi-2 nagaraani/nagaraani (itoapi 6 graamaah santi), 26 samudayah (itoapi 21 graamaah santi): singeree-mandalam. atra aahaty 70 pradeshah santi-2 nagaraani/nagaraani (itoapi 1 graamah), 24 samudayah (itoapi 43 graamaah santi): sorokaa-mandalam. atra aahaty 68 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram, 34 samudayah (antare 33 graamaah santi): straineni-mandalam. atra aahaty 39 pradeshah santi-2 nagaraani/nagaraani (itoapi 2 graamaah), 25 samudayah (itoapi 10 graamaah santi) cha. soldenesty-mandalam. atra aahaty 33 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram, 22 samudayah (antare 10 graamaah santi): tefaana-vodaa-mandalam. atra aahaty 26 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram, 22 samudayah (antare anyaah 3 graamaah santi): taraklia-mandalam. atra aahaty 26 pradeshah santi-2 nagaraani, 13 samudayah (antare 11 graamaah santi): telanesty-mandalam. atra aahaty 54 pradeshah santi-1 nagaram (itoapi 2 graamaah), 30 samudayah (itoapi 21 graamaah santi) cha. ungenee-mandalam. atra aahaty 74 pradeshah santi-2 nagaraani/nagaraani (itoapi 1 graamah), 31 samudayah (itoapi 40 graamaah santi): gagotsia. atra aahaty 32 pradeshah santi-3 nagaraani/nagaraani (itoapi 1 graamah antarbhavati), 23 samudayah (itoapi 5 graamaah antarbhavanti): neester ityasya vaamakosham. pradeshikaprashasanika-sanghatanasy moldovan-niyamasya anusaaram, neester-ityasya vaamatate (adyatve praayah aparichitasya transnistria-rajyasya niyantrane), aahaty 147 sthanani santi-10 nagaraani/nagaraani (api cha 2 graamaah antargatah), 69 samudayah (antargatah 66 graamaah) cha.

moltovavil ulla vattaarangkalin pattiyal moltovavil 66 nagarppura vattaarangkal (avattril 53 nagarangal/nagarangal (), mattrum 13 nagaraatchigal ()), mattrum 1616 graamappura vattaarangkal-kiraamangal () udpada 1682 vattaarangkal ullana. piraanthiya nirvaaga amaippu kuriththa moldovan sattaththinpadi, irandu allathu adharku maerpatta kiraamangal ontraaka oru communai () uruvaakka mudiyum. inththa pattiyal maavattathaal (allathu pira muthal adukku nirvaaga alagu) ozhungamaikkappattullathu, maelum ovvoruvarukkum idhu anaitthu nagarangal mattrum kamyoongalai ezhuththukkalaaka pattiyalidukirathu. inaikkappadaatha vattaarangkal avai saerntha nagarangal mattrum kamyoongalin keezh pattiyalidappattullana. orunginaikkappatta vattaarangkalin pirathaesangkal naattin muzhu pirathaesaththaiyum ulladakkiyathu. sisinaavin nagaraatchi. moththam 35 vattaarangkal ullanah 7 nagarangal/nagarangal (maelum 2 kiraamangalaik kondullana), mattrum 12 kamyoongal (maelum 14 kiraamangalaik kondullana): baalaththin nagaraatchi. moththam 3 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram, mattrum 2 communegal penter nagaraatchi (tihina). moththam 2 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram, mattrum 1 commune aneeni noai maavattam. moththam 45 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram (maelum 5 kiraamangalaik kondullathu), mattrum 25 kamyoongal (maelum 14 kiraamangalaik kondullathu): basarabesca maavattam. moththam 10 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram, mattrum 6 kamyoongal (maelum 3 kiraamangalaik kondullana): priseni maavattam. moththam 39 vattaarangkal ullanah 2 nagarangal, mattrum 26 kamyoongal (maelum 11 kiraamangalaik kondullana): kahul maavattam. moththam 55 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram (maelum 1 kiraamatthaik kondullathu), mattrum 36 kamyoongal (maelum 17 kiraamangalaik kondullathu): cantemir maavattam. moththam 51 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram, mattrum 26 kamyoongal (maelum 24 kiraamangalaik kondullana): mavattach soozhal. moththam 44 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram (maelum 1 kiraamatthaik kondullathu), mattrum 27 kamyoongal (maelum 15 kiraamangalaik kondullathu): mavattach soozhal. moththam 48 vattaarangkal ullanah 2 nagarangal/nagarangal (maelum 1 kiraamatthaik kondullana), mattrum 28 kamyoongal (maelum 17 kiraamangalaik kondullana): simislia maavattam. moththam 39 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram (maelum 3 kiraamangalaik kondullathu), mattrum 22 kamyoongal (maelum 13 kiraamangalaik kondullathu): creulani maavattam. moththam 43 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram (maelum 2 kiraamangalaik kondullathu), mattrum 24 kamyoongal (maelum 16 kiraamangalaik kondullathu): donduseni maavattam. moththam 30 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram, mattrum 21 kamyoongal (maelum 8 kiraamangalaik kondullana): trochia maavattam. moththam 40 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram, mattrum 27 kamyoongal (maelum 12 kiraamangalaik kondullana): tubari maavattam. moththam 15 vattaarangkal ullanah 11 kamyoongal (maelum 4 kiraamangalaik kondullana): nagarangal/nagarangal. inththa maavattaththil endha nagarangalum illai. edinae maavattam. moththam 49 vattaarangkal ullanah 2 nagarangal/nagarangal (maelum 4 kiraamangalaik kondavai), mattrum 30 kamyoongal (maelum 13 kiraamangalaik kondavai): mavattach soozhal. moththam 76 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram (maelum 1 kiraamatthaik kondullathu), mattrum 32 kamyoongal (maelum 42 kiraamangalaik kondullathu): ploretti maavattam. moththam 74 vattaarangkal ullanah 3 nagarangal, mattrum 37 kamyoongal (maelum 34 kiraamangalaik kondullana): clodeni maavattam. moththam 35 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram (maelum 1 kiraamatthaik kondullathu), mattrum 18 kamyoongal (maelum 15 kiraamangalaik kondullathu): hunsesty maavattam. moththam 63 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram, mattrum 38 kamyoongal (maelum 24 kiraamangalaik kondullana): yaloveni maavattam. moththam 34 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram, mattrum 24 kamyoongal (maelum 9 kiraamangalaik kondullana): leova maavattam. moththam 39 vattaarangkal ullanah 2 nagarangal/nagarangal (maelum 1 kiraamatthaik kondullana), mattrum 23 kamyoongal (maelum 13 kiraamangalaik kondullana): nisporini maavattam. moththam 39 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram, mattrum 22 kamyoongal (maelum 16 kiraamangalaik kondullana): ognida maavattam. moththam 33 vattaarangkal ullanah 3 nagarangal, mattrum 18 kamyoongal (maelum 12 kiraamangalaik kondullana): oorhaey maavattam. moththam 75 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram, mattrum 37 kamyoongal (maelum 37 kiraamangalaik kondullana): resina maavattam. moththam 41 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram (maelum 3 kiraamangalaik kondullathu), mattrum 24 kamyoongal (maelum 13 kiraamangalaik kondullathu): raisani maavattam. moththam 55 vattaarangkal ullanah 2 nagarangal/nagarangal (maelum 6 kiraamangalaik kondavai), mattrum 26 kamyoongal (maelum 21 kiraamangalaik kondavai): singheri maavattam. moththam 70 vattaarangkal ullanah 2 nagarangal/nagarangal (maelum 1 kiraamatthaik kondullana), mattrum 24 kamyoongal (maelum 43 kiraamangalaik kondullana): soroga maavattam. moththam 68 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram, mattrum 34 kamyoongal (maelum 33 kiraamangalaik kondullana): strazeni maavattam. moththam 39 vattaarangkal ullanah 2 nagarangal/nagarangal (maelum 2 kiraamangalaik kondavai), mattrum 25 kamyoongal (maelum 10 kiraamangalaik kondavai): mavattach soozhal. moththam 33 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram, mattrum 22 kamyoongal (maelum 10 kiraamangalaik kondullana): mavattaththai saerntha oru pakuthi. moththam 26 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram, mattrum 22 kamyoongal (maelum 3 kiraamangalaik kondullana): daraclea maavattam. moththam 26 vattaarangkal ullanah 2 nagarangal, mattrum 13 kamyoongal (maelum 11 kiraamangalaik kondullana): thelincity maavattam. moththam 54 vattaarangkal ullanah 1 nagaram (maelum 2 kiraamangalaik kondullathu), mattrum 30 kamyoongal (maelum 21 kiraamangalaik kondullathu): ungaeni maavattam. moththam 74 vattaarangkal ullanah 2 nagarangal/nagarangal (maelum 1 kiraamatthaik kondavai), mattrum 31 kamyoongal (maelum 40 kiraamangalaik kondavai): oru murai. moththam 32 vattaarangkal ullanah 3 nagarangal/nagarangal (maelum 1 kiraamatthaik kondullana), mattrum 23 kamyoongal (maelum 5 kiraamangalaik kondullana): dinisterine idathu vangki. piraanthiya nirvaaga amaippu kuriththa moldovan sattaththinpadi, dinisterine idathu karaiyil (intru perumpaalum angkeekarikkappadaatha pirintha maanilaththin kattuppaattil ullathu), moththam 147 vattaarangkal ullanah 10 nagarangal/nagarangal (maelum 2 kiraamangalaik kondullana), mattrum 69 kamyoongal (maelum 66 kiraamangalaik kondullana):

moldova looni praantaala jabita moldovalo 66 pattana praantaalu (vaatilo 53 nagaralu/pattanaalu (), mariyu 13 munisipaalitiilu ()), mariyu 1616 graameena praantaalu-gramalu () sahaa 1682 praantaalu unnaayi. praadaesika paripalana samsthapai moldovan chattam prakaram, rendu ledhaa anthakante ekkuva gramalu kalisi commune () nuu erpaatu cheyavachu. eee jaabitaanu jilla (ledhaa itara modati-sthaayi paripalana vibhagam) nirvahistundi, mariyu prati okkadaaniki idhi anni nagaralu mariyu kamyoonlanu varnamaala prakaram jabita chestundi. incorporated praantaalu avi chendina nagaralu mariyu communela krinda jabita cheyabaddaayi. vileenam cheyabadina praantaala bhuubhaagaalu desamloni mottam bhoobhaganni cover chestaayi. chisinou municipality. mottam 35 praantaalu unnaih 7 nagaralu/pattanaalu (inca 2 gramalu unnaayi), mariyu 12 communelu (lopala maroe 14 gramalu unnaayi): balty municipality. mottam 3 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram, mariyu 2 communelu bender municipality (tighina). mottam 2 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram, mariyu 1 commune aneni noyi jilla. mottam 45 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram (inca 5 gramalu), mariyu 25 communelu (maroe 14 gramalu): basarabesca jilla. mottam 10 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram, mariyu 6 communelu (lopala maroe 3 gramalu unnaayi): briseni jilla. mottam 39 praantaalu unnaih 2 nagaralu, mariyu 26 communelu (lopala maroe 11 gramalu unnaayi): kahul jilla. mottam 55 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram (inca 1 graamam kaligi undhi), mariyu 36 communelu (lopala maroe 17 gramalu unnaayi): contemir jilla. mottam 51 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram, mariyu 26 communelu (lopala maroe 24 gramalu unnaayi): jilla. mottam 44 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram (inca 1 graamam kaligi undhi), mariyu 27 communelu (lopala maroe 15 gramalu unnaayi): jilla. mottam 48 praantaalu unnaih 2 nagaralu/pattanaalu (1 graamam kaligi), mariyu 28 communelu (lopala maroe 17 gramalu kaligi): simislia jilla. mottam 39 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram (3 gramalanu kaligi undhi), mariyu 22 communelu (lopala maroe 13 gramalanu kaligi undhi): kriyuleni jilla. mottam 43 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram (2 gramalanu kaligi undhi), mariyu 24 communelu (lopala maroe 16 gramalanu kaligi undhi): donduseni jilla. mottam 30 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram, mariyu 21 communelu (lopala maroe 8 gramalu unnaayi): drochia jilla. mottam 40 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram, mariyu 27 communelu (lopala maroe 12 gramalu unnaayi): dubay jilla. mottam 15 praantaalu unnaih 11 communelu (lopala maroe 4 gramalu unnaayi): nagaralu/pattanaalu. eee jillaalo nagaralu laevu. edinet jilla. mottam 49 praantaalu unnaih 2 nagaralu/pattanaalu (inca 4 gramalu), mariyu 30 communelu (lopala maroe 13 gramalu unnaayi): jilla. mottam 76 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram (inca 1 graamam kaligi undhi), mariyu 32 communelu (lopala maroe 42 gramalu unnaayi): florida jilla. mottam 74 praantaalu unnaih 3 nagaralu, mariyu 37 communelu (lopala maroe 34 gramalu unnaayi): glodeni jilla. mottam 35 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram (inca 1 graamam kaligi undhi), mariyu 18 communelu (lopala maroe 15 gramalu unnaayi): jilla. mottam 63 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram, mariyu 38 communelu (lopala maroe 24 gramalu unnaayi): yaloveni jilla. mottam 34 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram, mariyu 24 communelu (lopala maroe 9 gramalu unnaayi): leova jilla. mottam 39 praantaalu unnaih 2 nagaralu/pattanaalu (1 graamam kaligi), mariyu 23 communelu (lopala maroe 13 gramalu kaligi): nisporeni jilla. mottam 39 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram, mariyu 22 communelu (lopala maroe 16 gramalu unnaayi): jilla. mottam 33 praantaalu unnaih 3 nagaralu, mariyu 18 communelu (lopala maroe 12 gramalu unnaayi): orhe jilla. mottam 75 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram, mariyu 37 communelu (lopala maroe 37 gramalu unnaayi): regina jilla. mottam 41 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram (3 gramalanu kaligi undhi), mariyu 24 communelu (lopala maroe 13 gramalanu kaligi undhi): rasakani jilla. mottam 55 praantaalu unnaih 2 nagaralu/pattanaalu (inca 6 gramalu), mariyu 26 communelu (lopala maroe 21 gramalu unnaayi): singeri jilla. mottam 70 praantaalu unnaih 2 nagaralu/pattanaalu (1 graamam kaligi), mariyu 24 communelu (lopala maroe 43 gramalu kaligi): soroka jilla. mottam 68 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram, mariyu 34 communelu (lopala maroe 33 gramalu unnaayi): jilla. mottam 39 praantaalu unnaih 2 nagaralu/pattanaalu (2 gramalu kaligi), mariyu 25 communelu (lopala maroe 10 gramalu kaligi): jillavyaaptamgaa. mottam 33 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram, mariyu 22 communelu (lopala maroe 10 gramalu unnaayi): jilla yokka pradhana bhaagam. mottam 26 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram, mariyu 22 communelu (lopala maroe 3 gramalu unnaayi): taraclea jilla. mottam 26 praantaalu unnaih 2 nagaralu, mariyu 13 communelu (lopala maroe 11 gramalu unnaayi): telenesty jilla. mottam 54 praantaalu unnaih 1 nagaram (2 gramalanu kaligi undhi), mariyu 30 communelu (lopala maroe 21 gramalanu kaligi undhi): ungeni jilla. mottam 74 praantaalu unnaih 2 nagaralu/pattanaalu (1 graamam kaligi), mariyu 31 communelu (lopala maroe 40 gramalu kaligi): gaguja. mottam 32 praantaalu unnaih 3 nagaralu/pattanaalu (inca 1 graamam lopala), mariyu 23 communelu (lopala maroe 5 gramalu unnaayi): nister yokka edama byaanku. praadaesika paripalana samsthapai moldovan chattam prakaram, dneaster yokka edama odduna (nedu ekkuvagaa gurtinchabadani vidipoyina transnistria rashtra niyantranalo), mottam 147 praantaalu unnaih 10 nagaralu/pattanaalu (lopala 2 gramalu unnaayi), mariyu 69 communelu (lopala maroe 66 gramalanu kaligi unnaayi):

moldova kay elaqon kii fehrist moldova mein 1682 elaqay haine jinn mein 66 shehri elaqay (inn mein say 53 shehar/qasbey ()yee aur 13 baldiyaat ()) haine aur 1616 deehi elaqay-gaaon () shaamil haine. elaqayi intezami tanzim say mutaliq moldowan qanoon kay mutabiq duu yaa duu say ziyadah gaaon mill kirr eek kamyun () banaa saktay haine. yaha fehrist zalaa (yaa deegar frust tyre administrative yount) kay zariah tartib dee gayee hay aur harr eek kay liye yaha haroof tehji kay lahaaz say tamaam shehron aur kamyunon kii fehrist banaati hay. ghair marbut elaqay inn shehron aur kamyunon kay tahat darj haine jinn say inn kaa taaluq hay. shaamil kardah elaqon kay elaqay milk kay puray elaqay kaa ahatah kartay haine. chisino kii baldiyah. kill 35 elaqay haine: 7 shehar/qasbey (mazeed 2 dehaton parr mushtamil)yee aur 12 kamyun (mazeed 14 dehaton parr mushtamil): baldiyah balti. kill 3 elaqay haine: 1 shehar aur 2 kamyun: baldiyah bender (tighna). kill 2 elaqay haine: 1 shehar aur 1 kamyun: aneeni noyee zalaa. kill 45 elaqay haine: 1 shehar (mazeed 5 dehaton parr mushtamil)yee aur 25 kamyun (mazeed 14 dehaton parr mushtamil): zalaa basarabeska. kill 10 elaqay haine: 1 shehar aur 6 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 3 gaaon shaamil haine): zalaa brekini. kill 39 elaqay haine: 2 shehar aur 26 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 11 gaaon shaamil haine): zalaa kahool. kill 55 elaqay haine: 1 shehar (mazeed 1 gaaon parr mushtamil)yee aur 36 kamyun (mazeed 17 dehaton parr mushtamil): cantimer zalaa. kill 51 elaqay haine: 1 shehar aur 26 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 24 gaaon shaamil haine): zalaa klarasi. kill 44 elaqay haine: 1 shehar (mazeed 1 gaaon parr mushtamil)yee aur 27 kamyun (mazeed 15 dehaton parr mushtamil): zalaa cusiny. kill 48 elaqay haine: 2 shehar/qasbey (mazeed 1 gaaon parr mushtamil)yee aur 28 kamyun (mazeed 17 dehaton parr mushtamil): zalaa semislia. kill 39 elaqay haine: 1 shehar (mazeed 3 dehaton parr mushtamil)yee aur 22 kamyun (mazeed 13 dehaton parr mushtamil): karyolini zalaa. kill 43 elaqay haine: 1 shehar (mazeed 2 dehaton parr mushtamil)yee aur 24 kamyun (mazeed 16 dehaton parr mushtamil): zalaa dondweeni. kill 30 elaqay haine: 1 shehar aur 21 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 8 gaaon shaamil haine): zalaa drochiya. kill 40 elaqay haine: 1 shehar aur 27 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 12 gaaon shaamil haine): zalaa dabayi. kill 15 elaqay haine: 11 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 4 gaaon shaamil haine): shehar/qasbey. iss zalaa mein koyee shehar nahein haine. adenate zalaa. kill 49 elaqay haine: 2 shehar/qasbey (mazeed 4 dehaton parr mushtamil)yee aur 30 kamyun (mazeed 13 dehaton parr mushtamil): zalaa zalaa. kill 76 elaqay haine: 1 shehar (mazeed 1 gaaon parr mushtamil)yee aur 32 kamyun (mazeed 42 dehaton parr mushtamil): fluoresi zalaa. kill 74 elaqay haine: 3 shehar aur 37 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 34 gaaon shaamil haine): glodiny zalaa. kill 35 elaqay haine: 1 shehar (mazeed 1 gaaon parr mushtamil)yee aur 18 kamyun (mazeed 15 dehaton parr mushtamil): zalaa hansi. kill 63 elaqay haine: 1 shehar aur 38 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 24 gaaon shaamil haine): zalaa alvini. kill 34 elaqay haine: 1 shehar aur 24 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 9 gaaon shaamil haine): leeva zalaa. kill 39 elaqay haine: 2 shehar/qasbey (mazeed 1 gaaon parr mushtamil)yee aur 23 kamyun (mazeed 13 dehaton parr mushtamil): zalaa namporeni. kill 39 elaqay haine: 1 shehar aur 22 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 16 gaaon shaamil haine): zalaa okneta. kill 33 elaqay haine: 3 shehar aur 18 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 12 gaaon shaamil haine): aurahi zalaa. kill 75 elaqay haine: 1 shehar aur 37 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 37 gaaon shaamil haine): zalaa rezina. kill 41 elaqay haine: 1 shehar (mazeed 3 dehaton parr mushtamil)yee aur 24 kamyun (mazeed 13 dehaton parr mushtamil): zalaa rekani. kill 55 elaqay haine: 2 shehar/qasbey (mazeed 6 dehaton parr mushtamil)yee aur 26 kamyun (mazeed 21 dehaton parr mushtamil): zalaa sangri. kill 70 elaqay haine: 2 shehar/qasbey (mazeed 1 gaaon parr mushtamil)yee aur 24 kamyun (mazeed 43 dehaton parr mushtamil): soroka zalaa. kill 68 elaqay haine: 1 shehar aur 34 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 33 gaaon shaamil haine): zalaa stressini. kill 39 elaqay haine: 2 shehar/qasbey (mazeed 2 gaaon parr mushtamil)yee aur 25 kamyun (mazeed 10 dehaton parr mushtamil): soldensi zalaa. kill 33 elaqay haine: 1 shehar aur 22 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 10 gaaon shaamil haine): zalaa zalaa wand. kill 26 elaqay haine: 1 shehar aur 22 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 3 gaaon shaamil haine): zalaa taraclea. kill 26 elaqay haine: 2 shehar aur 13 kamyun (jiss mein mazeed 11 gaaon shaamil haine): teeli neesti zalaa. kill 54 elaqay haine: 1 shehar (mazeed 2 dehaton parr mushtamil)yee aur 30 kamyun (mazeed 21 dehaton parr mushtamil): angini zalaa. kill 74 elaqay haine: 2 shehar/qasbey (mazeed 1 gaaon parr mushtamil)yee aur 31 kamyun (mazeed 40 dehaton parr mushtamil): gagaziya. kill 32 elaqay haine: 3 shehar/qasbey (mazeed 1 gaaon parr mushtamil)yee aur 23 kamyun (mazeed 5 dehaton parr mushtamil): denester kaa bayein kinaray. elaqayi intezami tanzim say mutaliq moldowan qanoon kay mutabiq denester kay bayein kinaray parr (aaj ziyadah tarr ghair tasleem shadah alaihadgi pazeer riyasat transnestriya kay control mein hay)yee kill 147 elaqay haine: 10 shehar/qasbey (mazeed 2 dehaton parr mushtamil)yee aur 69 kamyun (andar mazeed 66 dehaton parr mushtamil):

000216772bcb46d1608f1eee0431e7d3f3038eba04f29bdee796db68faf85829

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=56513275

Amelia (company)

Amelia (company) American technology company Amelia, formerly known as IPsoft, is an American technology company. It primarily focuses on artificial intelligence and cognitive and autonomic products for business. Its main products are Amelia, a conversational AI platform, and Amelia HyperAutomation Platform (formerly 1Desk), an autonomic framework for IT operations. The company is headquartered in New York City and has offices in 13 countries. History. The company was founded as IPsoft, Inc., in New York City in 1998 by Chetan Dube, a former professor at New York University at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. The company rebranded to Amelia in October, 2020. Products. Amelia. Amelia is an AI-based digital assistant. The underlying technology is text-based, with text-to-speech capability. The avatar is based on Lauren Hayes, a professional model. Amelia was first released in 2014. Version 3.0 was released on June 1, 2017. By 2018, Amelia had been deployed in some capacity for customer care by about 25 companies, including SEB Group, and Accenture. Amelia HyperAutomation Platform. Released in 2017, Amelia HyperAutomation Platform (formerly 1Desk) is an enterprise-scale autonomic framework that integrates IT operations and shared services. The platform integrates with Amelia to access the autonomic framework via a conversational interface. Amelia HyperAutomation Platform features an integration framework to connect with any existing platform with an open API. Its proprietary Machine Learning functionality (internally dubbed "IPconnect") recommends new automations based on observed behaviors of human workers. IPcenter. IPcenter, a predecessor of the Amelia HyperAutomation Platform, was an autonomic IT management platform that automated monitoring and remediation of network services. It was first released in 1999. IPcenter contains a library of more than 20,000 automations routines for network management, which are branded as "virtual engineers". References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

emelia (company) purbote aai. pi. ess. ef. ti. naamere jonajat emelia hoise etaa aamerikan projukti company. ee mulotoh kritrim buddhimotta aaru byowoxayor baabe gyaniyo aaru swayotoxaxito xamogrir uporot gurutwo aarup kore. iyar mukhyo xamogrixomuh hoh "lo emelia, ek kothupkothonor eai platform, aaru emelia hyper automation platform (purbote 1desk), iyar karjyokolapor baabe ek swayotoxaxito porikathamu. companytur mukhyo karzaloy nework sohorot aase aaru 13 khon dexot iyar karzaloy aase. itihax. companytu aai. pi. ess. ef. ti., inok. hisape protistha koraa hoisil.1998 sonot nework sohorot koo "rent institut owo ganitik bigyanor nework biswobidyaloyor prakton odhyapok chetan diubor dwara. companytuwe 2020 sonor octobor maahot emeliak punor brending korisil. xamogri. emelia. emelia egoraki eai-bhittik digital xohayok. ontornihito projuktitu hoise paathyo-bhittik, zo "too paathyo-poraa-kotha koo" bob poraa khyomota aase. owotartu ejon pesadari model loren heisor uporot aadharito. emelia prothombaror baabe 2014 sonot mukoli koraa hoisil. xongskoron 3 2017 sonor 1 junot mukoli koraa hoisil. 2018 sonoloike, emeliak seb groop aaru excensureke dhori pray 25 khon companye grahok xewar baabe kichu khyomotat niyujit korisil. emelia hyper automation platform. 2017 sonot mukoli huwa emelia hyper automation platform (purbote 1desk) hoise ek enterprise-scale swayotoxaxito framework jiye iyar karjyokolap aaru bhag-botora xewaxomuhok ekotrito kore. ei monchotuwe ek kothupkothonmulok aantohpristhor joriyote swayotoxaxito porikathamugot prowex koriboloi emelier xoite ekotrito hoy. emelia hyper automation platformot etaa mukoli apiair xoite jikunu bidyoman platformor xoite xongzug koriboloi ek xonghotkoron porikathamu aase. iyar malikanadhin jontro xikhyon karjyokolap (abhyontorinbhabe "ipeconnect" buli obhihito)-e manob sromikxokolor porzobekhyon koraa aasoronor uporot aadharito kori notun swoyongkriyo byowosthar poramorxo diye. icenter. emelia hyper automation platformor purboxuri icenter aasil ek swayotoxaxito aaiti byowosthapona platform ji network xewaxomuhor swoyongkriyo nirikhyon aaru protikar korisil. iyak prothombaror baabe 1999 sonot mukoli koraa hoisil. icenterot network byowosthaponar baabe 20,000tokoiu odhik swoyongkriyo rutinor etaa puthibhoral aase, jaak "bharsuwel enginier" hisape brend koraa hoy.

amelia (company) amelia, jaa purbe aaee. pii. esha. eff. tii naame porichito chhilo, ekti markin prajukti sangostha. etty prathomikbhabe kritrim buddhimatta ebong byabosayer jonno gyaniya ebong swayattashasita ponnogulir upor drishti niboddho korey. err prodhan ponnoguli holl amelia, ekti kothopokothon aii platform ebong amelia hyper automation platform (purbe 1 deska), jaa err porichalonar jonno ekti swayattashasita kathamo. companyr sodor doptor neu eork shohore ebong 13tii deshe err karjaloy royeche. itihas. companity aaee. pii. esha. oo. tii., inock naame protisthito hoyechilo.1998 saale neu eork sitite, quarant institute off mathematical scienceser neu eork bishwobidyaloyer praktan adhyapak chetan deube. 2020 saaler octobore companity amelia naame punra branned koraa hoy. ponno. amelia. amelia ekjon aii-vittik digital sahokari. antarnihito prajuktiti patthyo-vittik, jaar patthyo-theke-boktrita khomota royeche. abotarti ekjon peshadar model lorren heiser upor vitti korey toiri. amelia prothom 2014 saale mukti paay. sanskaran 3 2017 saaler 1laa june mukti paay. 2018 saaler modhye, amelia seb group ebong acceture soho pray 25tii sangostha dwara grahok jotner jonno kichhu khomota prayog koraa hoyechilo. amelia hyper automation platform. 2017 saale muktiprapto, amelia hyper automation platform (purbe 1 deska) ekti enterprise-scale swayattashasita kathamo jaa etir porichalona ebong bhag koraa porishebagulike sanghato korey. ekti kothopokothoner interfacer madhyome swayattashasita kathamo axes korte platformty amelier saathe ekibhuto hoy. amelia hyperautomation platform ekti unmukto api-err saathe jey konao vidyaman platformer saathe sangjog sthaponer jonno ekti integration framework baisistyajukta. err malikanadhin meshina larnim karjokarita (abhyantarinbhabe "ipe connect" naame abhihito) manob karmider porjobekkhonkrito achoroner upor vitti korey notun automationer superish korey. aaee. pii. center. ipecenter, amelia hyper automation platformer purbosuri, ekti swayattashasita aiti management platform chhilo jaa network porishebagulir swayankriya porjobekkhon ebong protikar korey. etty prothom mukti paay 1999 saale. ipcenter-ayee network byabosthaponar jonno 20,000-ero beshi automation rutin royeche, jaa "virtual engineer" hisabe chinnito koraa hoy.

emelia (kampani) emelia, jeey agau aaee. pii. aesa. oo. aef. tareeke jaaniti hatee, teey aek american technology kampani chhe. teey mukhyatve vyavsaay maate krutrim buddhi aneey gnyanatmak aneey svaayatt utpaadno parr dhyaan kendrit karey chhe. tenaa mukhya utpadanoma emelia, aek vaatchitnu AI platform aneey emelia hyper automation platform (agau (agau chhe, jeey tenee kamgiri maate svaayatt maalakhu chhe. companynu mukhya mathak newyork shaherma chhe aneey 13 deshomaa tenee ophiso chhe. itihas. aaa companyni sthaapnaa aaee. pii. aesa. oo. aef. aaee. see. tareeke karvaamaa aavee hatee., hatee newyork shaherma chayton dube dwara, jeo cournt institute off methematical sciencemaa newyork universityna bhutpurv prophesara hataa. october, october companynu emelia naam badalvama aavyu hatoo. utpaadno. emelia. emelia aee. aaee. aadharit digital sahayak chhe. antargat technology lakhaan-aadharit chhe, jemaa lakhaan-thee-vaanee kshamata chhe. aaa avtaar aek vyaavsaayik model lorren hays parr aadharit chhe. emelia saupratham saupratham rajoo karvaamaa aavee hatee. aavrutti 3 juuna juuna roj rajoo karvaamaa aavee hatee. 2018 sudhimaa, emeliyaane seb jooth aneey uchchaaran saheet lagbhag 25 companyo dwara graahak sambhaal maate amuk kshamtama tainaat karvaamaa aavee hatee. emelia hyper automation platform. platform rajoo thayel, emelia hyper automation platform (agau (agau aee entreprise-scale autonomic framework chhe jeey tenee kamgiri aneey vahenchaayel sevaaone aekeekrut karey chhe. vaatchit interfaces dwara svaayatt maalkhaane aikses karvaa maate platform emelia saathe aekeekrut thaay chhe. emelia hyper automation platform open api saathe koipan haalnaa platform saathe jodava maate ekikaran maalakhu dharaave chhe. tenee malikini machine learning karykshamta (aantarik reete "ipeconnect" tareeke odakhaati) manav kaamdaarona avalokan karelaa vartannaa aadhare navaa automationni bhalaaman karey chhe. kendra. appsenter, emelia hyper automation platformnu purogami, aek svaayatt it management platform hatoo jeey network sevaaonu svachaalit nirikshan aneey upchaar karey chhe. teey saupratham saupratham rajoo karvaamaa aavee hatee. ipesentermaa network vyavsthaapan maate maate vadhu automation dincharyaonu pustakaalay chhe, jene "virtual ijnero" tareeke brand karvaamaa aave chhe.

amelia (company) amelia, jise pahale aaee. pee. aiss. oh. aff. key naam seey jaanaa jaataa thaa, ack americi praudyogiki company haye. yeh mukhya roop seey vyavasaay key liye kritrim buddhimatta aur sangyanatmak aur swaayatt utpaadon parr kendrit haye. isake mukhya utpaad amelia, ack vartalap aii platform, aur amelia hyper automation platform (poorv mein 1desk) hain, joe isake sanchaalan key liye ack swaayatt dhancha haye. company kaa mukhyalaya newyork shahar mein haye aur isake karyalaya 13 deshon mein hain. itihas. company kii sthaapana aaee. pee. aiss. oh. tii., aaee. aine. see. key roop mein kii gaee thee., 1998 mein newyork shahar mein chetton dube dwara, joe newyork vishvavidyalaya mein corrent institute off mathematical sciences mein poorv professor they. octuber, 2020 mein company ney amelia kaa naam badal diyaa. utpaad. amelia. amelia ack aii-adharit digital sahayak hain. antarnihit takneek paath-adharit haye, jisamen paath-seey-bhaashan kshamata haye. yeh avtaar ack peshevar model lauren hess parr adharit haye. amelia koo pahali baar 2014 mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa. sanskaran 3 koo 1 juuna, 2017 koo jaari kiya gayaa thaa. 2018 taka, amelia koo seb samooh aur uchchaaran sahit lagbhag 25 companiyon dwara graahak dekhbhal key liye kuchh kshamata mein tainaat kiya gayaa thaa. amelia hyper automation platform. 2017 mein jaari kiya gayaa, amelia hyper automation platform (poorv mein 1desk) ack udyam-paimaane kaa swaayatt dhancha haye joe isake sanchaalan aur saajha sevaaon koo ekikrit kartaa haye. platform ack vartalap interfaces key madhyam seey swaayatt dhaanche taka pahunchane key liye amelia key saath ekikrit hotaa haye. emelia hyper automation platform mein ack open api key saath kissy bhee maujooda platform key saath judane key liye ack ekikaran dhancha haye. isaki swaamitva vaali machine learning karyakshamta (aantarik roop seey "ipeconnect" kahaa jaataa haye) maanav shramikon key dekhe gaye vyavhaaron key aadhar parr nae swachaalan kii sifarish karati haye. aaee. pee. center. ipenter, amelia hyper automation platform kaa ack poorvavarti, ack swaayatt aaee. tii. prabandhan platform thaa joe network sevaaon kii swachaalit nigrani aur upchaar kartaa thaa. yeh pahali baar 1999 mein jaari kiya gayaa thaa. ipenter mein network prabandhan key liye 20,000 seey adhik swachaalan dincharyaon kaa ack pustakalaya haye, jinhen "aabhaasi engineeron" key roop mein branded kiya jaataa haye.

amelia (kampani) hinde aii. pii. ess. oo. eff. endu kareyalaaguttidda amelia, americada tantragyaana kampaniyagide. idu prathamikavagi krutaka buddhimatte mattu arivina mattu svaayatta utpannagala mele kendrikarisuttade. adara mukhya utpannagalendare amelia, ondu sambhashana aie platform, mattu amelia hyper automation platform (hinde 1 desk), idu adara karyacharanegalige svaayatta chaukattu. kampaniya pradhana kacheriyu newyork nagaradallide mattu 13 desagalalli kacherigalannu hondide. itihaasa. ee kampaniyannu aii. pii. ess. oo. tii., ink endu sthaapisalaayitu.1998ralli newyork nagaradalli, newyork vishvavidyaanilayada maaji pradhyapakarada chetton dube avaru, courant institute off mathematical sainsasnalli. 2020rahra october nalli kampaniyu amelia endu marunaamakaranagonditu. utpannagalu. amelia. amelia avaru aie-aadhaarita digital sahayakiyagiddare. pathyadinda maatina saamarthyadondige pathya aadhaarita tantragyaanavu idara moolavaagide. ee avataaravu vruttipara roopadarshiyaada lauren heyis avarannu aadhariside. ameliyavannu modala baarige 2014ralli bidugade maadalaayitu. aavrutti 3 annu zoon 1,2017randu bidugade maadalaayitu. 2018rahra hottige, ameliyavannu seb group mattu uchchaarane seridante sumaru 25 kampanigalu grahaka aaraikegaagi swalpa saamarthyadalli niyojisiddavu. amelia hyperatomation platform. 2017ralli bidugadeyaada amelia hyperatomation platform (hinde 1 desk) ondu udyama-pramanada svaayatta chaukattaagiddu, idu adara karyacharanegalu mattu hanchikeya sevegalannu samyojisuttade. sambhashana antarasamparkada moolaka svaayatta chaukattannu praveshisalu vedikeyu ameliyaadondige samyojisuttade. amelia hyperatomation platform open aipiyondige astitvadalliruva yaavude platformnondige samparka sadhisalu ekikarana chaukattannu hondide. adara svaamyada yantra kalikeya kaaryakshamateyu (aantarikavaagi "aipkanekt" endu kareyalpaduttade) manava karmikara gamanisida nadavalikegala aadhaarada mele hosa yantrikrutagondagalannu shipharasu maaduttade. kendra. amelia hyperatomation platformn poorvavartiyaada aipsentar, network sevegala svayamchaalita melvichaarane mattu parihaaravannu maaduva svaayatta aiti nirvahanaa veedikeyaagide. idu modala baarige 1999ralli bidugadeyaayitu. aipsentar jalabandha nirvahanegaagi 20,000kkoo hecchu yantrikrutagonda dinacharigala granthaalayavannu hondide, ivugalannu "virtual enginiyargalu" endu brand maadalaagide.

amelia (kambani) munbu aii. pii. ezz. oo. tii. ennariyappettirunna amelia oru american saankethika kambaniyaanu. ithu praadhamikamaayi artificial intalijansilum bisinassinaayulla cognitive, autoonoomik uthppannangalilum shradha kendreekarikkunnu. amelia, oru sambhaashana iai plaattphom, athinte pravarthanatthinulla svayambharana chattakkoodaya amelia hyper automation plaattphom (munbu 1 desk) ennivayaanu athinte pradhana uthppannangal. newyork nagara aasthaanamaayi pravartthikkunna kambanikku 13 rajyangalil offeesukalundu. charithram. aii. pii. ezz. oo. tii. incorporation enna perilaanu kambani kambani newyork sittiyil newyork sarvakalaashaalayile koorant instittyoott oof maathamaattikkal sciencesile muun professoraaya chettan dube. 2020 octoberil kambani amelia ennu punarnaamakaranam cheythu. uthppannangal. amelia. eyar india aasthaanamaayulla digital asisttantaanu amelia. tekst-tuu-speach sheshiyulla tekst adhishtithamaanu adisthaana saankethikavidya. professional modalaaya lorren heysine adisthaanamaakkiyaanu eee avatharam orukkiyirikkunnath. 2014-laanu amelia aadyamaayi purathirangiyathu. pathipp 3 2017 juun 1-nuu puratthirangi. 2018 aayappozhekkum seb group accenture ulppede 25 oolam kambanikal amelia upabhokthru paricharanatthinaayi kurachu seshiyil vinyasichirunnu. amelia hyper automation plaattphom. 2017ll puratthirakkiya amelia hyper automation plaattphom (munbu 1 desk) athinte pravartthanangalum pankitta sevanangalum samyojippikkunna oru enterprise skeyil autoonoomik chattakkoodaanu. oru sambhaashana interface vazhi svayambharana chattakkood axus cheiyunnathinu plaattphom ameliyayumaayi samyojippikkunnu. nilavilulla eathu plaattfomumaayum ooppan api upayogichu bandhippikkunnathin amelia hyper automation plaattphom oru samyojana chattakkood avatharippikkunnu. athinte udamasthathayilulla mesheen laining pravartthanam (aantharikamaayi "aipkanakdu" ennu vilikkunnu) manushya thozhilaallikalude nireekshicha perumaattangale adisthaanamaakki puthiya ottomeshanukal shupaarsha cheiyunnu. aii. pii. sentar. amelia hyper automation plaattphominte mungamiyaaya ipsentar, network sevanangalude automated nireekshanavum pariharavum nadathunna oru svayambharana aidi maanejment plaattfomaayirunnu. plaattfomaayirunnu ithu aadyamaayi purathirangiyathu. vertual enchineeyarmaar" ennu brand cheytha network maanejmentinaayi 20,000-ladhikam automation dinacharyakal adangiya oru library ipsentaril adangiyirikkunnu.

amelia (company) amelia, jee purvi aay. pii. ess. oo. eff. mhanoon olakhali jaat asey, hii eka american tantradnyan company aahe. heey pramukhyane krutrim buddhimatta aanee vyavasayasathi sandnyanatmak aanee swayatt utpadananvar laksh kendrit karate. tyachi mukhya utpadane mhanje amelia, eka sanvadatmak aii. aay. platform aanee amelia hyper automation platform (purvi 1 desk), jeey tyachya karyasathi swayatt chaukat aahe. companyche mukhyalay newyork shaharat aahe aanee 13 deshanmadhye tyanchi karyalaye aahet. itihas. yaa companychi sthapana aay. pii. ess. oo. tii., aay. see. mhanoon jhaali.1998 madhye newyork shaharat, newyork vidyapithatil, cournt institute auph mathematical sciencesche majee pradhyapak chetton dube yanni. aktoobar 2020 madhye companyche amelia asey punarnamkaran karnyat aale. utpadane. amelia. amelia hii aii. aay. aadharit digital sahayyak aahe. majkoor-teey-bhashan kshamtesah, majkoor-aadharit heey antarnihit tantradnyan aahe. haah avtar vyavsayik model lauren heyvar aadharit aahe. amelia pahilyanda 2014 madhye pradarshit jhaali. aavrutti 3 juuna 1,2017 roji prakashit jhaali. 2018 paryant, amelia seb gut aanee uchcharanasah sumare 25 kampanyanni grahak sevesathi kahee pramanat tainat kelee hotee. amelia hyperatomation platform. 2017 madhye prakashit jhalele amelia hyper automation platform (purvi 1 desk) heey eka entreprise-scale swayatt chaukat aahe jeey tyache karya aanee samayik seva ektrit karate. sambhashanachya interfacedware swayatt chaukatit pravesh karnyasathi munch ameliyabarobar ekikrut hoto. amelia hyperatomation platformmadhe open apis konatyahi vidyaman platformshy jodanyasathi ektrikaran chaukat aahe. tyachi malkichi machine learning karyakshamta (antargatpane 'ipeconnect' mhanoon olakhali jaate) manvi kamgaranchya nirikshan kelelya vartananvar aadharit naveen svayamchalitatechi shifaras karate. aay. pii. center. ipenter, amelia hyperatomation platformcha purvavarti, haah eka swayatt aay. tii. vyavasthapan munch hota joou network sevanche svayanchalit nirikshan aanee upchar karato. too pahilyanda 1999 madhye pradarshit jhaala hota. ipentermadhye jaale vyavasthapanasathi 20,000 hoon adhik svayanchalit dincharyeche granthalay aahe, jyanna 'aabhasi abhiyante' mhanoon chinhankit kele jaate.

amelia (company) amelia, pahile ipesuft bhanera chininthyo, ek americi prawidhi company how. yasale mukhyataya wyawasayaka lagi kritrim buddhimatta rar sangyanatmak rar swayatta utpadanharuma dhyan kendrit gardacha. yasako mukhya utpadanharu amelia, ek kurakani ai platform, rar amelia hyper automation platform (pahile 1desk), yasako sanchalanka lagi swayatta dhancha hun. companyko mukhyalaya newyork saharma chha rar 13 wata deshharuma yasako karyalayaharu chhan. itihas. company ipesuft, inkako rupma sthapit bhaeko thiyo., 1998 maa newyork saharma chetton dyubdwara, newyork vishwavidyalayaka purva pradhyapak courant institute aff mathematical sciencema. october, 2020 maa companyle ameliama punah brand garyo. utpadanharu. amelia. amelia ek ai-adharit digital sahayak hun. antarnihit prawidhi path-adharit chha, path-dekhi-bolly kshamatako sath. yo awatar ek wyawasayik model laren heyasma adharit chha. amelia pahilo patak 2014 maa jaari garieko thiyo. sanskaran 3 june 1,2017 maa jaari garieko thiyo. 2018 samma, amelia seb samuha, rar uchcharan sahit lagbhag 25 companyharudwara grahak herchahka lagi kehi kshamatama tainath garieko thiyo. amelia hyperatomation platform. 2017 maa jaari garieko, amelia hyper automation platform (pahile 1desk) ek udyam-star swayatta dhancha how jasle yasalai sanchalan rar sajha sewaharu ekikrit gardacha. platformle wartalap interfaceko madhyambata swayatta dhancha pahunch garna ameliasanga ekikrit gardacha. amelia hyperatomation platformle khula epiaiko sath kunai pani awasthit platformsanga jadan garna ekikaran dhancha pradan gardacha. yasako swamitwa messin learning karyakshamta (antarik rupma "ipeconnect" bhanera doub garieko) manav kamadarharuko awalokan garieko wyawaharma adharit nayan swachalanharu sifaris gardacha. kendra. impenter, amelia hyper automation platformko purwawarti, ek swayatta it wyawasthapan platform thiyo jasle network sewaharuko swachalit nigarani rar upchar gardacha. yo pahilo patak sann 1999 maa rilij bhaeko thiyo. icenterle sanjal wyawasthapanka lagi 20,000 bhanda badhi swachalan dincharyaharuko pustakalaya samawesh gardacha, jaslai "bharchual engineerharu" ko rupma brand garieko chha.

amelia (company) amelia, jaahaa purbaru aai. pii. ess. oh. aif. naamare janashuna, eka americae technology company. ehaa mukhyatah artificial intelligence ebong byabasai paain gyanatmaka ebong swajangsasita utpada upare dhyana deithae. ehara mukhya utpadagudika heuchhi amelia, eka barttalapakari ai platform, ebong amelia hyperatomation platform (purbaru (purbaru, ehaa karjya kariba paain eka swajangsasita dhancha . companyra mukhyalaja nyujarka saharare achhi ebong 13 tii deshare ehara karjyalaja achhi . itihas. ehi company aai. pii. ess. oh. tii., ee. enn. sii. naamare pratisthita hoithila., 1998 ray nyujarka saharare chettan dube dwara, nyujarka biswabidyalajara purbatana professor corant institute off ganitika bigyanare . 2020 octoberre companyku amelia naamare punahnamakarana karajaithila. utpada. amelia. amelia jane aii. aai. aadharita digital sahajaka. antarnihita prajukti heuchhi pathya-aadharita, jeunthire pathya-ru-baktabya khyamata rahichhi. ehi abatarati jane pesadara model lauren hejasnka upare aadharita. amelia pratham thara paain 2014 ray muktilabha karithila. sanskarana 3 june 1,2017 ray muktilabha karithila. 2018 suddha, aameliaaku seb group ebong uchharana sameth praiah 25 tii company dwara grahaka jatna paain kichhi khyamatare nijojita karajaithila . amelia hyper automation platform. 2017 ray muktilabha karithiba amelia hyper automation platform (purbaru (purbaru eka entreprise-scale swajangsasita dhancha jaahaa ehara parichalana ebong anshidara sebagudiku ekeekruta kare . eka bartalapa interfaces madhyamare swajangsasita dhanchaku prabesha kariba paain platform amelia sahita ekeekruta hue . amelia hyper automation platformre eka samanwaja dhancha rahichhi jaahaa kaunasi bidyamana platform sahita eka khola api sahita sanjoga karipariba. ehara malikanadhin messin larning karjyakarita (aabhyantareen bhabare "ipe connect" bhabare namit) manab shramikanka parjyabekhyana karajaithiba acharan upare aadharita nutan swajangkrija suparish kare . kendra. amelia hyperatomation platformer purbabarti ipcenter eka swajangsasita aai. tii. parichalana platform thila jaahaa netawarka sebara swajangkrija tadarakh ebong pratikara karuthila. ehaa prathame prathame muktilabha karithila. ipesentarare network parichalana paain 20,000 ru adhika swajangkrija karjyara eka library rahichhi, jaahaaku "virtual engineer" bhabare brand karajaichi.

amilia (company) amilia, jiss noon pahilan aaee. pee. aiss. ou. eff. dey naam naal janhiaa jaanda see, ikk amriki technology company haii. ih mukkh taur utte carobar laee nakli buddhi atey bodhatmak atey khudmukhtiaar utpadan utte kendrat haii. iss dey mukkh utpaad emilia, ikk gallbat ai platform, atey emilia hyper automation platform (pahilan 1 desk) hunn, joe iss dey sanchalan laee ikk khudmukhtiaar dhancha haii. company daa mukkh daftar newyork shehar witch haii atey 13 deshan witch iss dey daftar hunn. itihaas. company dee sathapana aaee. pee. aiss. ou. eff., aaee. ainn. see. dey roop witch keeti gaee see., 1998 witch chetton dioob duaara, joe kii corent institute aaf mathematical sciences witch newyork university dey sabka professor sunn. company neey aktubar, 2020 witch amilia daa naam badliaa. utpaad. amilia. amilia ikk aii. aaee. adharat digital sahaik haii. underlying technology text-adharat haii, jiss witch text-too-speech samratha haii. ih avtaar ikk peshevar maadal lauran hess utte adharat haii. amilia pahili vaar 2014 witch jaari keeti gaee see. sanskaran 3 noon 1 juun, 2017 noon jaari keeta giaa see. 2018 takk, amilia noon lagbhag 25 companyan duaara gaahak dekhbhal laee kujh samratha witch tainat keeta giaa see, jiss witch seb group atey exchar shamal sunn. amilia hyperautomation platform. saal 2017 witch jaari keeta giaa, amilia hyperautomation platform (pahilan 1 desk) ikk uddam-paimane daa khudmukhtiaar dhancha haii joe iss dey sanchalan atey sanjhiaan sevavan noon ekikrit karda haii. platform ikk gallbat interfaces raahin khudmukhtiaar dhanche takk pahunch curran laee amilia naal ekikrit hunda haii. amilia hyperautomation platform witch ikk open api naal kise vee maujuda platform naal juden laee ikk ekikaran dhancha haii. iss dee malkiat vaali masheen learning karajkushalta (andruni taur 'teey "ipe connect" vajon janhiaa jaanda haii) manukkhi karamchariaan dey nirikhat vivharan dey adhaar' teey navein swaichalan dee sifarash kardi haii. aaee. pee. center. ipenter, amilia hyperautomation platform daa puravgami, ikk khudmukhtiaar aaee. tii. parbandhan platform see joe network sevavan dee swaichalit nigrani atey sudhar karda haii. ih pahili vaar 1999 witch jaari keeta giaa see. ipenter witch network parbandhan laee 20,000 toon vaddh automation rutein dee ikk library haii, jiss noon "virtual engineer" vajon brand keeta giaa haii.

amelia (kampanee) amelia, poorvam aii. pi. ess. o. ef. iti namna prasiddha, ekaa amerikiya-praudyogikee-samsthaa asti. eshah mukhyataya krutrimabuddhim, vyavasaayasya krute sandnyaanaatmak-svaayatta-utpadan cha kendreekaroti. asya mukhyaani utpaadaani amelia iti vaartaalaapaatmak-e. aii.-manchah, amelia haperatomation-manchah (poorvam 1desk) cha santi, yat tasya karyakarinyartham svaayatta-samrachanaa asti. asya kampenee-samsthaayaah mukhyaalayah nyuyaark-nagare asti, 13 desheshu karyalayaha santi. itihaasah. asya kampenee ityasya sthapana aii. pi. ess. o. tii., aii. enn. sii. iti namna abhavat.1998 tame varshe nyuyaark-nagare, nyuyaark-vishvavidyaalayasya poorvapradhyaapakah, corent-institute-aaf-mathematical-sainsas ityasya chetton-dube ityanena. 2020 october-maase kampanee amelia iti punah brand krutavatee. utpaadane. amelia. amelia ityeshaa e. aii.-adharitaya digital-sahayakaya asti. antarnihitapraudyogikee paathya-aadhaaritam asti, yasya paatha-taha-bhaashan-kshamata asti. avataarah vyaavasaayik-pratiroopasy lauren hess ityasya aadhaaren nirmitah asti. amelia prathamavaaram 2014 tame varshe pradarshita. samskaranam 3 joon 1,2017 dinaanke pradarshita. 2018 tame varshe, amelia iteedam seb-samuhena, ucchaaranena cha saha praayah 25 kampeneebhih graahak-sewaayaah krute keshuchit kshamatayam niyojita aasit. amelia haperatomation platfam. 2017 tame varshe praavartitam amelia haperatomation platform (poorvam 1desk) iti udyama-starasya svaayatta-samrachanaa asti yaa tasya karyani, saazaakaran-sewaah cha ekeekrutam karoti. vaartaalaap-antaraprushtasya madhyamena svaayatta-samrachanaam praaptum manchah amelia ityanena saha samyojayati. amelia haperatomation iti manche mukta-e. pi. aii. ityanena saha kasyaapi vidyamaan-manchena saha samyojayitum ekeekaran-samrachanaa asti. tasya svaamitva-yantrika-shikshan-karyakshamatam (aantarikaroopen "aipkanekt" iti namna khyaatam) maanav-karmacharinam avalokita-vyavahaaraanaam aadhaaren nootanaani swachaalanam anushamsayati. kendram. amelia haperatomation-platform ityasya poorvavartinah ipcenter iti swaayattah aii. tii. prabandhana-platform aasit yah jaala-sevaanaam swayamchaalita-nirikshanam, upacharam cha karoti sma. prathamam 1999 tame varshe pradarshitam. aipasentar ityatra jaalavyavasthaayaah vyavasthaapanaartham 20,000 taha adhikanam swayamchaalita-dinacharyanam pustakaalayam vartate, ye "varchuval-abhiyantaarah" iti mudritaah santi.

amelia (niruvanam) munbu aii. pii. ess. aee. eff. endru alaikkappatta amelia, oru america thozhilnutpa niruvanam aagum. idhu muthanmaiyaaga seyarkai nunnarivu mattrum vanigaththirkaana arivaattral mattrum thannatchi thayaarippukalil kavanam seluththukirathu. adhan mukiya thayaarippukal amelia, oru uraiyaadal aii iyangkuthalam mattrum amelia hyperatomation iyangkuthalam (munbu 1 tesk), adhan seyalpaadugalukkaana thannatchi kattamaippaagum. inthniruvanam newyorg nagaraththai thalaimaiyidamaagak kondullathu mattrum 13 naadugalil aluvalagangkalaik kondullathu. varalaaru. inthniruvanam aii. pii. ess. aee. eff., ink endra peyaril niruvappattathu.1998 aam aandil newyorg nagaril, newyorg palkalaikkazhagaththin munnaal paeraasiriyaraana chettan dube enbavaraal, cournt institute off mathemetical sciences. october, 2020 ill niruvanam amelia endru marupeyaridappattathu. thayaarippukal. amelia. amelia oru AI adippadaiyilaana digital udhaviyaalar aavaar. adippadai thozhilnutpam urai adippadaiyilaanathu, urai-kku-paechchu thiran kondadhu. inththa avathaaram oru thozhilmurai maadalaana lauren haysai adippadaiyaagak kondadhu. amelia muthanmuthalil 2014 ill veliyidappattathu. pathippu 3 juun 1,2017 andru veliyidappattathu. 2018 vaakkil, amelia sep kuzhu mattrum ucharippu udpada sumar 25 niruvanangalaal vaadikkaiyaalar paraamarippukkaaga sila thiranil payanpaduththappattathu. amelia hyperatomation iyangkuthalam. 2017 aam aandil veliyidappatta, amelia hyperatomation iyangkuthalam (munbu 1 tesk) enbathu oru niruvana alavilaana thannatchi kattamaippaagum, idhu adhan seyalpaadugal mattrum pakirappatta sevaigalai orunginaikkirathu. oru uraiyaadal idaimugam vazhiyaaga thannatchi kattamaippai anuga thalam amaeliyaavudan orunginaikkirathu. amelia hyperatomation iyangkuthalam thirantha aepi moolam tharpoothulla endha iyangkuthalaththudanum inaikka oru orunginaippu kattamaippaik kondullathu. adhan thaniyurima iyanththira karral seyalpaadu (ullnaattil "ipeconnect" endru azhaikkappadukirathu) manitha thozhilaazhargalin kavanikappatta nadaththaigalin adippadaiyil puthiya thaaniyangkigalai parinthuraikkirathu. maiyappaguthi. amelia hyperatomation thalaththin munnoadiyaana ipsendar, network sevaigalai thaaniyangi kankaanippu mattrum sariseithal seiyum oru thannatchi aidi maelaanmai thalamaagum. idhu muthanmuthalil 1999 ill veliyidappattathu. ipicenter network maelaanmaikkaaga 20,000 kkum maerpatta thaaniyangi nadaimuraigalin noolagaththaik kondullathu, avai "meinigar poriyaalarkal" endru mutthirai kuththappadugindrana.

amelia (company) gatamlo ipox anie piluvabade amelia oka american technology company. idhi pradhanamgaa krutrima medhassu mariyu vyaparam kosam abhignaa mariyu swayampratipatti utpattulapai drushti pedutundi. dheeni pradhana utpattulu amelia, oka sambhaashanhaatmaka aii platfam, mariyu amelia hyper automation platfam (gatamlo 1 desk), idhi kaaryakalaapaalaku swayampratipatti framework. eee samstha pradhana karyalayam newyork nagaramlo undhi mariyu 13 deshaalalo karyalayalu unnaayi. charitra. eee samsthanu ipox, ink gaa gaa newyork nagaramlo, newyork vishwavidhyaalayamlo corant institute off mathematical scienceslo maajee professor ayina chetton dube chetha. 2020 octoberlo company ameliyaga rebrand cheyabadindi. utpattulu. amelia. amelia oka aii aadhaarita digital assistant. antarleena saanketikata vachana-aadhaaritamainadi, vachana-nundi-prasanga saamardhyamtho untundi. eee avataaram oka professional modal ayina lauren hays aadhaaramgaa roopondinchabadindi. amelia modatisaarigaa modatisaarigaa vidudalaindi. version 3 juun 1,2017naa vidudalaindi. 2018 natiki, amelianu seb group mariyu yaasato sahaa sumaru 25 companylu customer cair kosam kontha saamardhyamtho moharinchaayi. amelia hyper automation platfam. platfam vidudalaina amelia hyper automation platfam (gatamlo 1 desk) anedi daani karyakalapalu mariyu bhaagaswaamya sevalanu ekikrutam chese oka samstha-sthaayi swayampratipatti framework. sambhaashanhaatmaka interfaces dwara swayampratipatti frameworknu access cheyadaaniki platfam ameliatho anusandhaaninchabadutundi. amelia hyper automation platfam open apito ippatike unna edainaa platfamto connect cheyadaaniki integration frameworknu kaligi undhi. daani yajamanya yantra abhyasa kaaryaacharana (antargatamgaa "ipeconnect" anie piluvabadutundi) maanava kaarmikula gamaninchina pravartanala aadhaaramgaa kotta automationlanu sifaarsu chestundi. kendramu. amelia hyper automation platfanku mundunna ipecenter, network sevala svayamchaalaka paryaveekshanha mariyu parishkaaraaniki swayampratipatti kaligina it nirvahana vedika. idhi modatisaarigaa modatisaarigaa vidudalaindi. ipecenterlo network nirvahana kosam 20,000 kante ekkuva automation nityakrutyaala library undhi, veetini "virtual injaneerlu" gaa brand chestaaru.

ameliya (company) ameliya juu pehley aayee pee saaft kay naam say jaanee jaati thee eek americi technology company hay. yaha bunyadi toor parr masnuyi zahanat aur karobar kay liye elmi aur khood mukhtar masnuaat parr markoz hay. iss kii aham masnuaat ameliya eek baath cheet kaa aey aayee plait faarm aur ameliya hyper automation plait faarm (sabqah 1 desk) haine juu iss kay operation kay liye eek khood mukhtar freem wark hay. company kaa sadr daftar neoyork shehar mein hay aur iss kay dafatir 13 mamalik mein haine. tareekh. company kii bunyaad aayee pee saaft incorporated kay naam say rakhee gayee thee.yee 1998 mein neoyork shehar mein cheaton deube kay zariah juu courant insity teut aaf methematical sciences mein neoyork university kay saabiq professor thay. aktobar 2020 mein company nay ameliya kaa naam tabdil kirr diyaa. masnuaat. ameliya. ameliya eek aey aayee parr mubni degital assistent hay. bunyadi technology mutan parr mubni hay jiss mein mutan say taqrir kii salahiyat hay. yaha autaar eek paishah warr maadal lareen hees parr mubni hay. ameliya pehli baar 2014 mein release hoyee thee. warzan 3.0 yakam joone 2017 kuu release kiyaa gayaa thaa. 2018 takk ameliya kuu taqriba 25 companiyon kay zariah customer kiar kay liye kachh salahiyat mein tayinaat kiyaa gayaa thaa jinn mein seeb group aur accenture shaamil thay. ameliya hyper automation plait faarm. 2017 mein jaari kiyaa gayaa ameliya hyper automation plait faarm (sabqah 1 desk) eek interprise paimanay kaa khood mukhtar freem wark hay juu iss kay operations aur mushtarkah khidmaat kuu marbut kartaa hay. plait faarm eek baath cheet interface kay zariye khood mukhtar freem wark takk rasayi kay liye ameliya kay saath marbut hotaa hay. ameliya hyper automation plait faarm mein open aey pee aayee kay saath kasee bhee maujudah plait faarm say jadnay kay liye eek inzamam kaa freem wark hay. iss kii malkiti masheen learning kii faaliyat (androni toor parr "aayee kanekat" kaa naam diyaa gayaa hay) insani karkanon kay mashahidah kardah tarz amal kii bunyaad parr nayey automation kii sfarish karti hay. markaz. ameliya hyper automation plait faarm kaa paishro aayee center eek khood mukhtar aayee tye mangement plait faarm thaa juu neet wark khidmaat kii khudkaar nigrani aur tadarak kartaa thaa. yaha pehli baar 1999 mein release hoyee thee. aayee center mein neet wark mangement kay liye 20,000 say ziyadah automation mamulat kii library mojud hay jinhein "virtual engineers" kay toor parr braand kiyaa jaataa hay.

0002173ea00529c3ec9e4333fdc0fb67620b4b8867f44e1669896c914a84a7b7

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73319278

1963 Swedish speedway season

1963 Swedish speedway season Season of speedway in Sweden The 1963 Swedish speedway season was the 1963 season of motorcycle speedway in Sweden. Individual. Individual Championship. The 1963 Swedish Individual Speedway Championship final was held on 4 October in Stockholm. Björn Knutsson won the Swedish Championship for the second time. Swedish Junior Championship. Winner - Bengt Ederlöv Team. Team Championship. Getingarna won division 1 and were declared the winners of the Swedish Speedway Team Championship for the second time. The Getingarna team contained Göte Nordin and Bengt Jansson. With 18 teams declaring their intention to compete for the 1963 season it was decided to form four divisions. Örnarna won the second division, while Filbyterna and Dackarna B won the third division north and south respectively. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

1963-suidix speedway sijon 1963 sonor suidenor speedway sijon aasil 1963 sonor suidenor motorsaikel speedway sijon. byoktigotobhabe. byoktigoto championswip. 1963 sonor suidix byoktigoto speedway championswipor final 4 octoborot stockhomot onusthito hoisil. bojurno notsone dwitiyobaror baabe suidix championswip joy korisil. suidenor juniyor championswip. bijoyi-bengto ederlov doll. dolgoto championswip. gattingornaye 1 nong xakhat joylabh korisil aaru dwitiyobaror baabe suidix speedway doll championswipor bijoyi hisape ghuxona koraa hoisil. gattingorner dolot go 'tey nordin aaru bengto jenson aasil. 18taa dole 1963 sonor sijonor baabe protidondita korar obhiprai ghuxona korar loge loge sarita bibhag gothon korar xiddhanto luwa hoisil. ornerna dwitiyo xakhat joylabh korisil, aanhate filbiterna aaru dakorna bi-ye krome uttor aaru dokhyin tritiyo xakhat joylabh korisil.

1963 suidish speedway morsum 1963 saale suidish speedway morshum chhilo suidene motorcycle speedwear 1963 morshum. swatantra. byaktigato championship. 1963 saaler suidish byaktigato speedway championshiper final 4 octobor stockholme onusthito hoy. dwitiyobarer moto suidish championship jitechen bojon notson. suidish junior championship. vijayi-bengt ederlove doll. dolgoto championship. gettingrna prothom bibhage joylav corren ebong dwitiyobarer jonno suidish speedway team championshiper vijayi ghoshana koraa hoy. gettingerna doley gotey nordin ebong bengt janson chhilen. 18tii doll 1963 saaler morshumer jonno protidwondita korar ichcha ghoshana korey charti bibhag gathoner siddhanta neoa hoy. ornerna dwitiya bibhage joylav corren, onnodike filbiterna ebong dakarna bii jothakrome uttor oo dakkhine tritiya bibhage joylav corren.

1963 swedish speedway season 1963nee swedish speedway season sweedenma motorcycle speedwayni 1963nee season hatee. vyaktigat. vyaktigat championship. 1963nee swedish vyaktigat speedway champiyanshipni final 4 octobernaa roj stockholm yojai hatee. jorn nutsne beejee vakhat swedish championship jeetee hatee. swedish juniyar championship. vijeta-bengt aderlove team. team championship. gatinagarna division 1 jeetyu aneey beejee vakhat swedish speedway team champiyanshipna vijeta jaaher karvaamaa aavyaa. gattingarna team gote nordin aneey bengt janson hataa. 18 teamoae 1963nee season maate spardhaa karvaano irado jaaher karyo hato aneey chaar vibhago banaavvaano nirnay levaamaa aavyo hato. ernarna beejo vibhag jeetyo, jyaare filbitarnaa aneey dakaarna bii anukrame uttar aneey dakshin trija vibhagma jeetya.

1963 swedish speedway season 1963 kaa swedish speedway season sweeden mein motorcycle speedway kaa 1963 kaa season thaa. vyaktigat. vyaktigat championship. 1963 swedish vyaktigat speedway championship kaa final 4 octuber koo stockholm mein aayojit kiya gayaa thaa. jorn nutson ney doosari baar swedish championship jeeti. swedish junier championship. vijeta-bengt aderlove team. team championship. gettinagarna ney division 1 jeetaa aur unhein doosari baar swedish speedway team championship kaa vijeta ghoshit kiya gayaa. gettinagarna team mein gote nordin aur bengt jaansan shamil they. 18 teams ney 1963 key satra key liye pratispardha karane key apane iraade kii ghoshana karate hue chaar prabhaag banaane kaa nirnay liya. ernarna ney doosara division jeetaa, jabaki filbiterna aur dakarna bee ney kramshah uttar aur dakshin kaa teesara division jeetaa.

1963rahra sweedish speedway season 1963rahra sweedish speedway season sweeden motorcycle speedway 1963rahra season aagittu. vaiyaktika. vaiyaktika championship. 1963rahra sweedish vaiyaktika speedway championship final pandyavu october 4randu stockhomnalli nadeyitu. jorn nutson eradane baarige sweedish championship geddaru. sweedish junier championship. vijeta-beng ederlov tanda. tanda championship. gettingarna vibhaga 1ralli geddaru mattu eradane baarige sweedish speedway tandada championship vijetaraagi ghoshisalpattaru. gettingarna tandavu gote nordin mattu beng jaansanrannu olagondittu. 1963rahra kridaartuvinalli spardhisuva tamma uddeshavannu 18 tandagalu ghooshisida nantara, naalku vibhagagalannu rachisalu nirdharisalaayitu. arnarna eradane vibhagavannu geddare, filbiterna mattu dacarna bii kramavagi uttara mattu daksina moorane vibhagavannu geddaru.

1963 sweedish speedway season 1963 leeii sweedish speedway season sweedante motorcycle speedwayude 1963 seasonaayirunnu. vyakthigatham. vyakthigatha chaambyanshippu. chaambyanshippu sweedish vyakthigatha speedway chaambyanshippu final october october stockhomil nadannu. randaam thavanayum joonn nutson sweedish chaambyanshippu nedi. sweedish juuniyar chaambyanshippu. vijayi-bengt ederlove team. team chaambyanshippu. division 1 vijayicha gettingarna randaam thavanayum sweedish speedway team chaambyanshippinte vijayikalaayi prakhyapikkappettu. gettingarna teamil gotte nordin, bengt jaansan ennivar undaayirunnu. 1963 seasonil malsarikkaan 18 teamukal uddeshichathaayi prakhyaapichathode naalu divisionukal roopeekarikkaan theerumaanichu. randaam divisionil oornaarnayum moonnaam divisionil filbittarnayum thekkan divisionil daakarna bii yum yathaakramam vijayichu.

1963 swedish speedway hangam 1963chaa swedish speedway hangam haah sweedenmadhil motorcycle speedvecha 1963chaa hangam hota. vaiyaktik. vaiyaktik ajinkyapad spardha. 1963chya swedish vaiyaktik speedway ajinkyapad spardhechi antim pherii 4 aktoobar roji stockholm yethe aayojit karnyat aalee hotee. jorn nutsonne dusyanda swedish ajinkyapad spardha jinkley. swedish kanishth ajinkyapad spardha. vijeta-bengt ederlove sangh. sanghik ajinkyapad. gatingernane vibhag 1 jinkla aanee dusyanda swedish speedway sanghik ajinkyapad spardheche vijete ghoshit karnyat aale. getinagarnachya sanghat gote nordin aanee bengt janson hote. 1963chya hangamasathi 18 sanghanni tyancha spardha karnyacha irada jaheer kelyanantar chaar vibhag tayar karnyacha nirnay ghenyat aala. ornarnane dusra vibhag jinkla, tarr filbiterna aanee dakarna bii yanni anukrame uttar aanee dakshin tisra vibhag jinkla.

1963 swidish spidway rutu 1963 swidenara spidway rutu thila swidenara 1963 masihar motorcycle spidway rutu. byaktigata bhabe. byaktigata championship. 1963 swidish byaktigata spidway championship final october 4 ray stockholmre anusthita hoithila . journ nutson dwiteeja thara paain swiden championship jitithile. swidenara juniara championship. bijeta-bengta ederlov dala. dalgat championship. getingarna divijana 1 jitithile ebong dwiteeja thara paain swidish spidway team championshipra bijeta ghoshana hoithile. getingarna dalare gote nordin ebong bengta janson thile. 1963 sijin paain 18 tii dala semanankara ichha ghoshana kariba sahita charoti divijana gathan karibaku nishpatti niajaithila. arnarna dwiteeja divijana jitithiba bele filbiterna ebong dakarna bii jathakrame uttara ebong dakhina truteeja divijana jitithile.

1963 swedish speedway season 1963 daa swedish speedway season sweden witch motor cycle speedway daa 1963 daa season see. viaktigat. viaktigat championship. 1963 dee swedish viaktigat speedway championship daa final 4 aktubar noon stockholm witch aayojit keeta giaa see. jaaran nutson neey duji vaar swedish championship jitti. swedish junier championship jetu-bengt ederlov team. team championship gattingerna neey division 1 jittiaa atey duji vaar swedish speedway team championship daa jetu ailaniaa giaa. gattingerna team witch gote nordin atey banget johnson shamal sunn. 18 teaman neey 1963 dey season laee mukabala curran daa irada ghoshit keeta see, iss laee chaar divisionan banaun daa faisla keeta giaa see. ornarna neey dooja division jittiaa, jadon kii filbitern atey dakarna bee neey kramvaar uttar atey dakkhan tiji division jitti.

1963 swedish-speedway-rutuhu 1963 tame varshe swedish-deshasya speedway-kaalah sweeden-deshasya 1963 tame varshe motorsackle-speedway-kaalah aasit. vyaktishah. vyaktigata-pratiyogitaa. 1963 tame varshe swedish-deshasya vyaktigata-speedway-championship-antima-spardhaa october-masasya 4 dinaanke stockholm-nagare abhavat. bern nutson ityayam dviteeyavaaram swedish-chaampiyanship-kridaayaam vijayam praapnot. swedish-deshasya kanishta-pratiyogitaa. vijetaah-beng aderlove dalah. dala-pratiyogitaa. getingarnaa vibhaga-1 madhye vijayam praapnot, api cha swedish-speedway-dala-championship-kreedaayaah vijetaaroopen dviteeyavaaram ghoshitah. getingarnaa-dale gote nordin tathaa beng jaansan cha aasan. 1963 tame varshe 18 dalaani spardhaam kartum swalakshyam ghoshayan, chatwaarah vibhaagaah nirmaatum nishchitam. arnarnaa dviteeyavibhaagam jitavaan, filbiternaa tathaa dakarna bee kramashah uttar-dakshina-truteeyavibhaagam jitavantah.

1963 sweedish vaekappanththu veechchu paruvam 1963 sweedish speedway season enbathu sweedenil 1963 motor cycle speedway season aagum. thaninabar. thanipatta saambiyanship. 1963 sweedish thaninabar speedway saambiyanship iruthip poatti october 4 aam thaethi stockhomil nadaipettrathu. jorne nutson irandaavathu muraiyaaga sweedish saambiyanshippai ventraar. sweedish juuniyar saambiyanship. vetrtriyaalar-beng ederlov anii. anii saambiyanship. kittingerna pirivu 1 ill vettri pettraar mattrum irandaavathu muraiyaaga sweedish speedway anii saambiyanshippin vetrtriyaalargalaaka arivikkappattanar. kettingarna aniyil kotte nordin mattrum beng johnson aagiyoar irunththanar. 1963 paruvaththil poattiyidum virupaththai 18 anigal ariviththathaal, naanku pirivugalai uruvaakka mudivu seiyappattathu. irandaam pirivil ornarna ventraar, athae neraththil bilbiderna mattrum dagarna pii muraiyae vadakku mattrum therku moontraam pirivil vettri pettranar.

1963 swedish speedway season 1963 swedish speedway season anedi sweedanlo motorcycle speedway yokka 1963 season. vyaktigatamgaa. vyaktigata championship. 1963 swedish vyaktigata speedway championship final october 4naa stockhole jarigindi. jorn nutson rendava saari swedish champiyanshipnu geluchukunnadu. swedish juuniyar championship. vijaeta-beng ederlov jattu. jattu championship. gettingarna division 1loe gelichi, rendava saari swedish speedway team championship vijaetalugaa prakatinchaaru. gettingarna jattulo gote nordin mariyu beng zaan sunn unnaaru. 1963 seasonlo pootii cheyalane tama uddesaanni 18 jatlu prakatinchadamtho naalugu vibhaagaalanu erpaatu cheyaalani nirnayinchaaru. arnarna rendava vibhaganni geluchukogaa, filbiterna mariyu dakarna bii varusaga uttara mariyu dakshina moodava vibhaganni geluchukunnaru.

1963 sweadish speed way seezan 1963 kaa sweadish speed way seezan sweaden mein motor cycle speed way kaa 1963 kaa seezan thaa. infiradi. infiradi champine ship. 1963 kii sweadish infiradi speed way champine ship kaa final 4 aktobar kuu stock hoam mein munaqid hawaa. bajrun nitson nay dosri baar sweadish champine ship jeeti. sweadish juniyar champine ship. faatah-banget aderlove team. team champine ship. gtengerna nay devision 1 jeeta aur inhein dosri baar sweadish speed way team champine ship kaa faatah qaraar diyaa gayaa. gaingarna team mein gotay norden aur banget jaansan shaamil thay. 18 teamon kay 1963 kay seezan kay liye muqabilah karnay kay araday kaa aalaan karnay kay saath chaar devision bananay kaa faislah kiyaa gayaa. aurnarna nay dosra devision jeetaa jabkah flubterna aur dakarna bee nay baltarteeb teesra devision shamaal aur janub jeeta.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=20451193

Constance Wachtmeister

Constance Wachtmeister French-English theosophist and countess (1838-1910) Constance Georgina Louise Wachtmeister ("née" Constance de Bourbel de Montpincon, ; March 28, 1838 – September 24, 1910), known as Countess Wachtmeister, was a prominent theosophist, a close friend of Helena Blavatsky. Biography. Constance's parents were the Marquis de Bourbel de Montpincon and his wife Constance Bulkley. She lost her parents when she was very young and was sent to her aunt, Mrs Bulkley, in England. In 1863 she married her cousin, the Count Carl Wachtmeister, with whom she had a son, count Axel Raoul. After three years of marriage she moved to Stockholm where, in 1868, the count was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs. After the death of her husband in 1871, she still lived in Sweden for several years. In 1879 the countess began investigating Spiritism and in 1881 joined the London Lodge of the Theosophical Society. She met H.P. Blavatsky in London in 1884. She was an important partner for Blavatsky and essential support for the work of "The Secret Doctrine". Some time after Blavatsky had come in 1885 at Würzburg she was joined by the Wachtmeister, who "loyally and lovingly helped in the great work." In 1887 Wachtmeister organized the Theosophical Publishing Co. alongside Bertram Keightley, in order to publish Blavatsky's works. In 1888-95 she was an editor of the "Theosophical Siftings." She was secretary and treasurer of the Blavatsky Lodge in London. In 1890 she became a member of the Inner Group of Blavatsky Lodge. In 1893 Besant and Wachtmeister went to India. In 1894 she had a lecture in New York City on theosophical questions. In 1896 Wachtmeister toured the US and Australia lecturing on Theosophy. Wachtmeister and Kate Buffington Davis authored a vegetarian cookbook, "Practical Vegetarian Cookery" in 1897. The recipes were ovo-lacto vegetarian. It was one of the first vegetarian guidebooks published in America. Reminiscences of Blavatsky. She has not left many written texts, but her work "Reminiscences of H. P. Blavatsky and "The Secret Doctrine"" is a source for a study on the personality of Madame Blavatsky. Wachtmeister stated that she has now spent a few months with Blavatsky. "I have shared her room and been with her morning, noon and night. I have had access to all her boxes and drawers, have read the letters which she received and those which she wrote." Wachtmeister, who became Blavatsky's "guardian angel, domestically speaking, during the years of the composition of "The Secret Doctrine" in Germany and Belgium, has printed her account of a number of extraordinary occurrences of the period." In her "Reminiscences" Wachtmeister writes in detail of the many facts coming under her observation which pointed to extrinsic help in the Blavatsky's work. She wrote: ""The Secret Doctrine" will be indeed a great and grand work. I have had the privilege of watching its progress, of reading the manuscripts, and witnessing the occult way in which she derived her information." Wachtmeister wrote, "When a printed copy [of "The Secret Doctrine"] was put into my hands, I was thankful to feel that all these hours of pain, toil and suffering had not been in vain, and that H.P.B. had been able to accomplish her task and give to the world this grand book, which, she told me, would have to wait quietly until the next century to be fully appreciated, and would only be studied by the few now." References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

constance watmeister constance georgina lui watmeister ("nee" constance di borbel di montpincon,; 28 march, 1838-24 septembor, 1910), countes watmeister naamere jonajat, egoraki bixisto thio "sofisto aasil, jiye helena blavatskyr ghonistho bondhu aasil. jiwani. constanceor pitri-maatri aasil markis di borbel di montopinkon aaru teur potni constance balkoli. xoru boyoxot taair pitri-matrik heruwaisil aaru englandot taair khuri srimoti balkolir usoroloi preron koraa hoisil. 1863 sonot teu teur khurak bhai count carl watmeisterok biyaa koray, jaar xoite teur ejon putro xontan hoisil, count excel roul. bibahor tini bosoror pisot teu stockhulmoloi yaay zo 'too 1868 sonot countok boidexik porikroma montri hisape nijukti diya hoy. 1871 sonot swamir mrityur pisotu teu keiba bosor dhori suidenot baax korisil. 1879 sonot countese pretatmabador todonto aarombho korisil aaru 1881 sonot thio "sofikel cho" saitir london lojot jugdan korisil. taai eis-koo log paisil.pi. 1884 sonot londonot thoka blavatsky. teu blavatskyr egoraki guruttopurno ongxidar aasil aaru "gupon motobad" ror kaamor baabe otyawosyokiyo xomorthon aasil. 1885 sonot wurjobargot blavatsky ohaar kichu xomoyor pisot teur xoite watmistere jug disil, jiye "onugotovabe aaru premore mohan kaamot xohay korisil."1887 sonot watmistere theosophical publixing companyr aayujon korisil. bravatskir kaam prokax koriboloi bartrum keitoliyer xoite. 1888-95 too teu "theosophical siftings" ror xompadok aasil."teu londonor blavatsky lojor xosibo aaru khojanosi aasil. 1890 sonot teu blavatsky lojor bhitoror gutor xodosyo hoisil. 1893 sonot besent aaru watmister bharotoloi goisil. 1894 sonot teu nework sohorot thio "sofikel prosnor uporot boktrita disil. 1896 sonot watmistere aamerika juktorastro aaru australia bhromon kori thio "cho" fir uporot boktrita disil. wastemister aaru kett buffington debhise 1897 sonot "byowoharik niramix rondhonxoili" naamor ek niramix rondhonpustika likhisil. rondhonpronalibur aasil oh "bhu-lectu niramix. eitu aamerikat prokaxito prothom niramix guidebookxomuhor bhitorot etaa aasil. blavatskyr smriti. teu bohutu likhito grontho eri juwa naai, kintu teur kaam "eis-ror smriti" ror kotha. pi. blavatsky aaru "gupon motobad" hoise medam blavatskyr byoktitwor uporot odhyoyonor ek utxo. watmeistere koichil je teu etiya bravatskir xoite keimahman otibahito korise. "moi taair kutha bhag kori loisu aaru ratipuwa, duporiya aaru raati taair logot aasilu. moi teur xokolu bakoch aaru drarot prowexadhikar laabh korisu, teu laabh koraa sithibur aaru teu likha sithibur porhisu."germany aaru beljiyamot" "gupon motobad" "ror rosonar bosorburot, ghoruwabhabe koo 'boloi go' ley, blavatskyr" "obhibhabok dut" "hoi poraa wactmeistere xei xomoyor keibatau oxadharon ghotonar biboron prokax korise."wasmiyestare teur" "smriti" "too teur porzobekhyonor odhinot ohaa bohutu tothyor bixoye bixodbhabe likhise jiye blavatskyr kaamot bahyik xohayor faale anguliyai disil. teu likhisiloh "gupon motobad" xosakoiye ek mohan aaru bixal kaam hoh 'bob. iyar progoti suwa, pandulipi porha, aaru teu nijor tothyo aahoron koraa gupto poddhotir xakhyi huwar xoubhagyo mur hoise." watmeistere likhisil, "jetiya [" gupon motobad "ror] etaa sopa protilipi mur haatot diya hoisil, moi onubhob koriboloi paai kritogyo aasilu je ei xokolu ghontar bix, kothur porisrom aaru kosto britha huwa nasil, aaru xei eis.pi.bi. teu nijor kaam xompurno koriboloi xokhyom hoisil aaru biswok ei bixal gronthokhon diboloi xokhyom hoisil, jitu teu muk koichil, xompurnorupe proxongxa paboloi poroborti xotikaloike nirobhabe opekhya koribo lagibo, aaru etiya maatro keikhonman lukehe odhyoyon koribo."

constance watchmester constance georgina lui watchmester ("nee" constance dii borbell dii montpincon,; 28shhey march, 1838-24shhey septembara, 1910), countes watchmester naame porichito, ekjon bishishto theosophist chhilen, jini helena blavatskyr ghonistho bondhu chhilen. jeeboni. constancer baba-maa chhilen markis dii borbell dii montopinkon ebong taanr stree constance balkli. tini jokhon khub chhoto chhilen tokhon tini taar baba-maake hariechilen ebong englande taar massie misses balklir kachhe pathano hoyechilo. 1863 saale tini taanr khudtuto bhai kaunta curl watchmesterke biye corren, jaar saathe taanr ekti putro hoy, kaunta axel raul. biyer tinn bochor porr tini stockholme choley zaan, jekhane 1868 saale countke pororashtromontri nijukto koraa hoy. 1871 saale taanr swamir mrityur poreo tini besh koyek bochor suidene bosobas corren. 1879 saale countes pretocharcha niye todonto shuru corren ebong 1881 saale theosophical societyr london lodge jog deena. taar sange eich-err dekha hoy.pii. 1884 saale londone blavatsky. tini blavatskyr ekjon guruttopurno angshidar chhilen ebong "gopon motobad"-err kaajer jonno prayojaniya samarthan korechilen. 1885 saale blavatsky warzberge aasaar kichhu somoy porr taanr saathe wactmister jog deena, jini "onugotovabe ebong bhalobasar saathe mohan kaaje sahajyo korechilen."1887 saale watchmester theosophical publishing koo-err ayojan corren. bartrum keitlir pashapashi, blavatskyr kajguli prokasher jonno. 1888-95-ayee tini theosophical siftingser sompadok chhilen."tini londoner blavatsky lojer sachib ebong treasurer chhilen. 1890 saale tini blavatsky laja-err abhyantarin doler sadasya hohn. 1893 saale besant ebong watchmester bharte choley zaan. 1894 saale tini neu eork sitite theosophical proshno niye ekti boktrita deena. 1896 saale watchmester markin juktorashtro ebong australia sofor corren ebong theosophy niye boktrita deena. watchmeister ebong keeta buffington davies 1897 saale "byaboharik niramish ranna" naame ekti niramish rannar boi likhechilen. recipiguli chhilo ovo-lacto niramish. etty america prokashito prothom niramish guidebookgulir modhye ekti chhilo. blavatskyr smriti. tini onek likhito grontho rekhe jaanoni, tobey taanr kaajer "eich-err smriti" rekhe gechen. pii. madam blavatskyr byaktitto niye gobeshonar utso holl blavatsky ebong "gopon motobad". watchmeister bollen jey tini ekhon blavatskyr saathe koyek maas katiechen. "aami taar ghor bhag korey niyechi ebong sokale, dupur oo raate taar sange royechi. aami taar samasta bucks ebong droyergulite probeshadhikar peyechilam, seey jaa peyeche ebong jaa likheche taa padechi."wactmister, jini blavatskyr" "abhibhabok deboduto" "hoyechilen, gharoabhabe bolte gele, germany ebong belgiume" "gopon motobad" "rachonar bochorgulite, seii somoyer besh koyekti asadharan ghotonar biboron chhapiechilen."taanr" "smriti" "-teey watchmester taanr porjobekkhoner adhine assa onek tothyer bistarito likhechen jaa blavatskyr kaaje bahyik sahajyer dike ingito korey. tini likhechenoh "gopon motobad" prokritopokkhe ekti mohan ebong mohot kaaj hobey. err aggrogoti porjobekkhon korar, pandulipiguli porar ebong tini jey rahasyamay upaye taanr tothyo sangraha korechilen taa prottokkho korar soubhaggo amar hoyeche." watchmester likhechen, "jokhon [gopon motobader] ekti mudrito anulipi amar haate deoa hoyechilo, tokhon aami kritoggo chhilam jey eyi samasta ghanta byatha, parishram ebong koshto britha yayni ebong seii eich.pii.bii. tini taanr kaajti somponno korte ebong bishwoke eyi bishal boiti ditey sokkhom hoyechilen, jaa tini amake bolechilen, sampurnarupe proshongshito howar jonno poroborti shatabdi porjonto nirobe apekkha korte hobey ebong ekhon kebolmatro koyekjoni adhyayan korbe."

constance watchmester constance georgina luis watchmester ("nee" constance dii borbell dii montpincon,; 28 march, 1838-24 september, 1910), countess watchmester tareeke odakhaata, aek agranee theosophist hataa, jeey helenaa blavatskina najiknaa mitra hataa. jivancharitra. constancenaa matapita markis dii borbell dii montpincon aneey temnee patnee constance balkali hataa. jyaare tenee khoob jaj naanee hatee tyaare teneeae tenaa maataa-pitaane gumaavyaa hataa aneey englandma teneeni kaakee, shrimati balkali paase mokalvaamaa aavee hatee. 1863maan teneeae tenaa pitarai bhaai, kaaunt carle watchmester saathe lagna karyaa, jenee saathe teneene aek putra hato, kaaunt axel raul. lagnana trana varsh pachhi teo stockholm gayaa jyaan 1868maan kaauntane videsh mantree tareeke niyukt karvaamaa aavyaa hataa. 1871maan temnaa patinaa mrutyu pachhi, teo haju pann ghanaa varsho sudhee sweedenma rahyaa hataa. 1879maan countese pretatmvadni tapaas sharoo curry aneey 1881maan theosophical societyna london lojmaa jodai. tenee aech. neey malee hatee.pii. 1884maan londonma blavatsky. teo blavatsky maate mahatvapurn bhagidar hataa aneey "goopt siddhaant" naa kaary maate aavashyak samarthan aaptaa hataa. 1885maan wurzberg khaate blavatsky aavyana thodaa samay pachhi temnee saathe watchmester pann jodaya, jemane "vafadari aneey premthi aaa mahaan kaaryamaa madad curry hatee."1887maan watchmestere theosophical publishing qoo. noon aayojan karyoo hatoo. blavatskyni kruteeo prakashit karvaa maate, bertram keitali saathe. 1888-95 maan teo theosophical siftingsnaa sampaadak hataa."teo londonma blavatsky lojnaa sacheev aneey khajanchi hataa. 1890maan teo blavatsky lojnaa aantarik juthanaa sabhy banyaa hataa. 1893maan bassent aneey watchmester bhaarat gayaa. 1894maan temane newyork shaherma theosophical prashno parr vyakhyan aapyu hatoo. 1896maan watchmestere yuu. aesa. aneey australiano pravaas karyo hato aneey theosophy parr pravachno aapyaa hataa. watchmester aneey qeta buffington devize 1897maan shakahari rasoi pustak "vyavhaaru shakahari rasoi" lakhyu hatoo. vaangeeo ovo-lacto shakahari hatee. teey americama prakashit thayel pratham shakahari margdarshika pustakomani aek hatee. blavatskyni yaado. temane ghanaa lekheet grantho chhodya nathee, parantu temnaa kaary "aechanee yaado" chhe. pii. blevatsky aneey "goopt siddhaant" aee medama blevatskina vyaktitva parnaa abhyasno srot chhe. watchmestere janaavyu hatoo keey teneeae havey blavatsky saathe thodaa maheenao vitaavyaa chhe. "meyn teno orado shhare karyo chhe aneey savaare, bapore aneey raatre tenee saathe rahyo chhu. maney tenaa badhaa boxes aneey khananvalo malee gayaa chhe, teneene malelaa patro aneey teneeae lakhela patro meyn vaanchya chhe."germany aneey belgium" "goopt siddhaant" "nee rachnana varsho darmiyan, sthaaneek reete kaheeae too, blavatskina" "sanraxak doot" "banelaa watchmeister teey samaygalani sankhyaabandh asadharan ghatanaaono ahewal chhapyo chhe"."temnee" "yaado" "maan, watchmester temnaa nirikshan hethal aavtaa ghanaa tathyoni vigatvaar lakhe chhe, jeey blavatskina kaaryamaa baahy madad taraf nirdesh karey chhe". temane lakhyu "goopt siddhaant" kharekhar aek mahaan aneey bhavya kaary hashe. maney tenee pragatee jovaano, hastprato vaanchvaano aneey teneeae jeey reete tenee maahitee melvee chhe teey goopt reete jovaano lahaavo malyo chhe." watchmestere lakhyu hatoo keey, "jyaare [goopt siddhantni] mudrit nakal maaraa haathmaa mukvaamaa aavee tyaare huun aee anubhavvaa maate aabhaari hato keey pidaa, mahenat aneey dukkhnaa aaa badhaa kalaako vyarth gayaa naa hataa, aneey teey aech.pii.bii. temane maney kahyoo hatoo keey, teo potaanu kaary purun curry shakyaa hataa aneey vishvane aaa bhavya pustak aapee shakyaa hataa, jenee sampoorn prashansa karvaa maate temane aagaami sadee sudhee shaantithi raah jovi padashe aneey havey maatra thodaa loko jaj teno abhyaas karashe."

constance watchtmister constance georgina luis watchmester ("nee" constance dee borbell dee montpincone,; 28 march, 1838-24 sitambar, 1910), jinhen countess watchmester key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ack pramukh theosophist they, joe helena blavatsky key karibi dost they. jeevani. constance key maataa-pitaa markis dee borbell dee montpincone aur unaki patni constance balkali they. jaba vaha bahut chhoti thee taba usane apane maataa-pitaa koo khou diyaa aur usey ingland mein usaki chaachi, shrimati balkali key paas bheja gayaa. 1863 mein unhone apane chachere bhaai, count carle watchmester seey shaadi kii, jinake saath unakaa ack betaa thaa, count axel raul. shaadi key teen saal baad vaha stockholm chully gaeen, jahan 1868 mein count koo videsh mantri niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. 1871 mein apane pati kii mrityu key baad, vaha abhee bhee kaee varshon taka sweeden mein rahati thee. 1879 mein countess ney pretvaad kii jaanch shuru kii aur 1881 mein theosophical society key landan lodge mein shamil hoe gaee. vaha aich seey millie.pee. 1884 mein landan mein blavatsky. vaha blavatsky key liye ack mahatvapurna bhagidar theen aur "gupt siddhant" key kaam key liye aavashyak samarthan theen. 1885 mein wurzberg mein blavatsky key aaney key kuchh samay baad, vaha watchmester key saath shamil hoe gaee, jinhone "wafadari aur pyaar seey mahaan kaam mein madad kii."1887 mein watchmester ney theosophical prakaashan company kaa ayojan kiya. bertram keitley key saath, blavatsky key karyon koo prakaashit karane key liye. 1888-95 mein vaha "theosophical siftings" kii sampaadak theen."vaha landan mein blavatsky lodge kii sachiv aur khajanchi theen. 1890 mein vaha blavatsky lodge key aantarik samooh kii sadasya bunn gaeen. 1893 mein bassent aur watchmester bhaarat chaley gaye. 1894 mein unhone newyork shahar mein theosophical prashnon parr ack vyakhyan diyaa thaa. 1896 mein watchmester ney america aur australia kaa daura kiya aur theosophy parr vyakhyan diyaa. watchtmister aur kett buffington davis ney 1897 mein ack shakahari paak-kalaa kii pustak "vyaavhaarik shakahari paak-kalaa" likhi. vyanjan ovo-lacto shakahari they. yeh america mein prakaashit pahali shakahari guidebook mein seey ack thee. blavatsky kii yaaden. unhone kaee likhit granth naheen chhode hain, lekin unake kaam "aich kii yaaden" hain. pee. blavatsky aur "gupt siddhant" medam blavatsky key vyaktitva parr adhyayan key liye ack srot haye. watchmester ney kahaa kii unhone abb blavatsky key saath kuchh maheene bitaaye hain. "maine uska kamra saajha kiya haye aur subah, dopahar aur raat usake saath rhaa huun. mujhe usake sabhi dibbon aur daraaj taka pahunch millie haye, usane joe patra praapt kiye hain aur joe usane likhe hain unhein padhaa haye."germany aur belgium mein" "gupt siddhant" "kii rachana key varshon key dauran, gharelu roop seey blavatsky key" "sanrakshak doot" "banane vaali watchmester ney usa avadhi kii kaee asadharan ghatnaaon key baare mein apana vivaran chhaap liya haye."apani" "yaadon" "mein, watchmester ney apane avalokan key tahat aaney vaale kaee tathyon key baare mein vistaar seey likhaa haye joe blavatsky key kaam mein baahari madad kii or ishara karate hain. unhone likhaah "gupt siddhant" vaastav mein ack mahaan aur bhavya kaary hoga. mujhe isaki pragati koo dekhane, pandulipiyon koo padhane aur usa gupt tareeke koo dekhane kaa saubhagya milaa haye jisamen usane apani jaankaari praapt kii thee." watchmester ney likhaa, "jaba [gupt siddhant kii] ack mudrit prati merey haathon mein daali gaee, tou main yeh mahsoos karane key liye aabhaari thaa kii dard, mehnat aur peedaa key yeye sabhi ghante vyarth naheen gaye they, aur vaha aich.pee.bee. apane kaary koo puuraa karane aur duniya koo yeh bhavya pustak dene mein saksham thee, jise, usane mujhe bataaya, poori tarah seey saraha jaane key liye agali shatabdi taka chupchaap intezar karna hoga, aur abb kewal kuchh hii loga iska adhyayan karenge."

constance watchmister countess watchmister endu kareyalpaduva constance georgina louis watchmister ("nee" constance dii borbell dii montpincon,; march 28,1838-september 24,1910), helena blavatsky aapta sneehita, pramukha theosophist aagiddaru. jivanacharitre. constansen poshakaru markvis dii borbell dii montpincon mattu avana patni constance balkali. aake chikkavalagiddaga tanna poshakarannu kaledukondalu mattu englendnalliruva aakeya chikkamma srimati balkliya balige kaluhisalpattalu. 1863ralli aake tanna sodarasambandhi count carle watchmisternannu vivaahavaadalu, avarondige aakege count auxel raul emba maganiddanu. maduveyaada mooru varshagala nantara avaru stockholmge teralidaru, allie 1868 ralli count annu videshanga vevahaaragala sachivaraagi nemisalaayitu. 1871ralli tanna patiya maranada nantaravoo aake halavaaru varshagala kaala sweedannalli vaasisuttiddaru. 1879ralli countess pretatmavadada bagge tanikhe praarambhisidaru mattu 1881ralli theosophical society london ladjge seridaru. avalu etch.pii. 1884ralli landannalli blavatskiyavaru blavatsky pramukha paludararagiddaru mattu "rahasya siddhaanta" dha kelasakke agatyavaada bembalavannu niididaru. 1885ralli blavatsky wurzbergnalli banda swalpa samayada nantara, aakeyondige "nishteyinda mattu pritiyinda aaa mahan kaaryadalli sahaaya maadida" watchmister serikondanu."1887ralli watchmister theosophical publishing kampaniyannu sanghatisidaru. blavatsky krutigalannu prakatisuva saluvaagi, bertram kaitliyondige. 1888-95 nalli avaru theosophical siftingsna sampaadakaraagiddaru."aake london blavatsky ladgen karyadarshi mattu khajanchiyagiddaru. 1890ralli aake blavatsky ladgen olagina gumpina sadasyaraadaru. 1893ralli besent mattu watchmister bharatakke hodaru. avaru newyork nagaradalli theosophical prashnegala kuritu upanyaasavannu niididaru. 1896ralli watchmister yuu. ess. mattu aastreliyaagalige pravaasa kaigondu theosophy kuritu upanyasa niididaru. watchmister mattu cate buffington davis avaru 1897ralli "prayogika sasyahari aduge" emba sasyahari aduge pustakavannu baredaru. paakavidhaanagalu ovo-lacto sasyaahaarigalaagiddavu. idu americadalli prakatavaada modala sasyahari margadarshi pustakagalalli ondaagide. blavatsky nenapugalu. avaru aneka likhita pathyagalannu bittuhogilla, aadare avara krutiyu "etch. naa nenapugalu". pii. blavatsky mattu "rahasya siddhaanta" vu maydom blavatsky vyaktitvada adhyayanada moolavaagide. taanu eega blavatskyondige kelavu tingalugalannu kalediddene endu watchmister heliddaare. "naanu avala kooneyannu hanchikondiddene mattu beligge, madhyahna mattu ratri avalondige iddene. naanu aakeya ellah pettigegalu mattu dryergalannu praveshisiddene, aake sweekarisida patragalannu mattu aake bareda patragalannu odiddene."germany mattu belgiumnalli" "rahasya siddhaanta" "dha samyojaneya varsagalalli, sthaliyavaagi heluvudaadare, blavatsky" "raksaka devadootaraada watchmister, aaa avadhiya halavaaru asadharana ghatanegala bagge tanna vrattaantavannu mudrisiddaare"."tanna" "nenapugalalli" "watchmister tanna vikshaneya adiyalli baruva aneka sangatigala bagge vivaravaagi bareyuttaale, idu blavatsky kelasadalli baahya sahayavannu soochisuttade". aake baredaruh "rahasya siddhaanta" nijakkoo ondu dodda mattu bhavyavaada krutiyagiruttade. adara pragatiyannu noduva, hastapratigalannu oduva mattu aake tanna maahitiyannu padeda nigoodha vidhanakke saakshiyaaguva soubhagya nanage doretide." watchmister barediddaare, "[rahasya siddhaantada] mudrita pratiyannu nanna kaiyalli hakidaga, ee ellah gantegala novu, shrama mattu novu vyarthavagalilla mattu aaa etch.pii.bii. tanna kelasavannu sadhisalu mattu jagattige ee bhavyavaada pustakavannu needalu saadhyavaayitu, adhu, avaru nanage helidaru, mundina shatamaanadavaregu sampoornavaagi mechchuge padeyalu mounavaagi kayabekaguttade, mattu eega kelave kelavaru maatra adhyayana maaduttaare."

koonstans vaachmisttar kaundes vaachmisttar ennariyappedunna koonstans jorjina luis vaachmisttar (nee koonstans dii borbell dii montpinkon, march 28,1838-septambar 24,1910), helena blaavatskyude adutha suhruthum pramukha theosafistumaayirunnu. jeevacharitram. markvis dii borbal dii montpinkon, bhaarya koonstans bulkley ennivaraayirunnu konsttansinte maathaapithaakkal. valare cheruppatthil thanne avalkk maathaapithaakkale nashtappedukayum englandile avalude ammayiyaaya srimati balkliyude aduthekku ayaykkappedukayum cheythu. 1863-ll avar kaundu kaal vaachmisttar enna bandhuvine vivaham kazhichu, avarkk kaundu axel raul enna oru makan janichu. moonnu varshathe vivaahathin sesham avar stockhomilake thamasam maari, avide 1868-ll kaundu videshakaarya manthriyaayi niyamithanaayi. 1871-ll bharthaavinte maranashesham avar niravadhi varshangal sweedenil thaamasichu. 1879-ll kaundes prethaathmavidyayekkurichu anweshikkaan thudangukayum 1881-ll theosophical sosaittiyude lunden lodjil cherukayum cheythu. aval echu. yeei kandumutty.pii. 1884-ll landanile blaavaatski. blaavaatskiyude oru pradhana pankaliyum "rahasya sidhaantham" enna kruthiyude avashya pinthunayumaayirunnu avar. 1885ll blaavatski woorsburgill vannu kurachu samayathinu sesham avalkkoppam "vishwasthathayodum snehathodum koodi mahathaaya pravartthanatthil sahaayicha" vaachmisttarum chernnu."1887-ll vaachmeesttar theosophical publishing kambani samghadippichu. bertram keytliyodoppam, blaavaatskiyude kruthikal prasidheekarikkunnathina. 1888-95 ll avar theosophical sifttinginte edittaraayirunnu."landanile blaavaatski lodinte secretory treasurerumaayirunnu avar. 1890-ll avar blaavaatski lodginte aantharika samghathil amgamaayi. 1893ll besantum vaachmisttarum indiayilekku pooyi. 1894ll newyork nagaratthil theosophical chodyangalekkurichu avar oru prabhashanam nadatthi. 1896ll vaachmeesttar theosafiyekkurichu prabhashanam nadatthi amerikkayilum australiyayilum paryadanam nadatthi. vaachmeestarum kettu buffington daves chernnu 1897-ll "praaktikkal vegetarian cookery" enna sasyahara paachakapustakam rachichu. paachakakkurippukal ovo-lacto vegetarian aayirunnu. amerikkayil prasidheekaricha aadyathe sasyahara guide bukkukalil onnaayirunnu ithu. blaavatskyude oormmakal. avar niravadhi likhitha grandhangal avasheshippichitla, marichu avarude kruthikalaaya "echu-nte oormmakal" avasheshippichittundu. pii. blavatsky "rahasya sidhaanthavum" maadam blaavatskyude vyakthithvathekkurichu padanatthinte uravidamaanu. thaan ippol blaavatskikkoppam kurachu maasangal chelavazhichathaayi vaatmisttar paranju. "njaan avalude murii pankidukayum ravileyum uchaykkum rathriyum avalodoppam thaamasikkukayum cheythittundu. avalude ellah pettikalilum droyerukalilum enikku praveshanam labhichittund, avalkk labhicha kathukalum aval ezhuthiya kathukalum vaayichittund."germmaniyilum beljiyathilum" "rahasya sidhaantham" "roopeekaricha varshangalil, aabhyantharamaayi paranjaal, blaavaatskiyude" "rakshaadhikaariyaaya maalaakha" "aayitheernna vaatmisttar, aaa kaalaghattatthile niravadhi asaadhaarana sambhavangalekkurichulla thante vivaranam achadichittundu"."thante" "oormmakal" "enna pusthakatthil, blaavatskyude kruthiyil bahyamaaya sahaayathilekku viral choondunna niravadhi vasthuthakal thante nireekshanatthil varunnathayi vaatmisttar vishadamaayi ezhuthunnu". avar ezhuthi "rahasya sidhaantham" theerchayaayum oru mahathaayathum mahathaayathumaaya kruthiyaayirikkum. athinte purogathi nireekshikkaanum kayyezhuthuprathikal vaayikkanum aval vivarangal nediya nigoodamaaya reethikk saakshyam vahikkanum enikku bhagyam labhichittund." vaachmisttar ezhuthi, "[rahasya sidhaanthathinte] oru achadicha pakarpp ente kaikalil vachappol, eee manikkoorukalolam neenduninna vedana advaanavum kashtappadum verutheyaayilla ennathil njaan nandiyullavanaayirunnu, aaa echu.pii.bii. thante dauthyam poorttheekarikkaanum lokathinu eee mahathaaya pusthakam nalkaanum kazhinjirunnenkil, athu poornnamaayum vilamathikkappedaan adutha noottaand vare nishabdamaayi kaathirikkendivarumenum ippol kurachu perr maathrame padikkoo ennum avar ennodu paranju."

constance watchmester constance georgina louis watchmester ('nee' constance dii borbell dii montpincon,; 28 march 1838-24 september 1910), jyala countess watchmester mhanoon olakhale jaate, heey eka pramukh theosophist hote, jeey helena blavatskiche jawalche mitra hote. charitra. constance ivadil markis dii borbell dii montpincon aanee tyachi patni constance balkali hotee. tee khoop lahan asatana tine tiche ivadil gamavale aanee teela englandmadhil tichi mavashi, shrimati balkali yanchyakade pathvanyat aale. 1863 madhye tine ticha chulat bhau, count carl watchmestershee lagn kele, jyanchyapasun teela eka mulga jhaala, count excel raul. lagnachya teen varshannantar tee stockholmla gelee, jithe 1868 madhye countchi pararashtra vyavhar mantri mhanoon niyukti karnyat aalee. 1871 madhye tichya patichya mrutyunantarhi tee anek varshe sweedenmadhye rahili. 1879 madhye countessne pretatmyacha tapas suru keela aanee 1881 madhye theosophical societychya london lodgemadhye sameel jhaali. tee etch.pii. 1884 madhye londonmadhye blavatsky. tyaa blavatskisathi eka mahattvachi bhagidar hotya aanee 'gupt siddhant' chya karyasathi aavashyak aadhar hotya. 1885 madhye blavatsky wurjberg yethe aalyanantar kahee kalanantar tichyasobat watmester aala, jyane "nishthene aanee premane yaa mahan karyat madat kelee."1887 madhye watchmesterne theosophical publishing companychi sthapana kelee. blavatskichya kamanche prakashan karnyasathi, bertram keitalisobat. 1888-95 madhye tee 'theosophical siftings' chee sampadak hotee."tyaa londonmadhil blavatsky lodgechya sachiv aanee khajindar hotya. 1890 madhye tee blavatsky lodgechya aateel gatachi sadasya bunley. 1893 madhye besant aanee watchmister bharatat aale. 1894 madhye newyork shaharat tyanni theosophical prashnanvar vyakhyan dile. 1896 madhye watchmesterne america aanee austreliyacha daura karoon brahmdnyanavar vyakhyan dile. watchmester aanee kett buffington davis yanni 1897 madhye 'vyavharik shakahari pakakala' heey shakahari pakakaleche pustak lihile. pakakruti ovo-lacto shakahari hotya. americet prakashit jhalelya pahilya shakahari margdarshak pustakanpaiki heey eka hote. blavatskichya aathvani. tine barech likhit grunth sodale naheet, parantu tichya kamache 'etch. chya aathvani' aahet. pii. maddam blavatsky yanchya vyaktimatvavaril abhyasasathi blavatsky aanee 'gupt siddhant' haah eka srot aahe. watchmesterne sangitale qee tine aata blavatskisobat kahee mahine ghalavale aahet. "mea tichi kholee samayik kelee aahe aanee sakali, dupari aanee ratri tichyasobat hoto. mallah tichya serve petty aanee dorachi soya midali aahe, teela midaleli patre aanee tine lihileli patre vachali aahet."germany aanee beljiyammadhil" "gupt siddhant" "chya rachanechya varshanmadhye, sthanik bhashet bolayache jhaale tarr blavatskicha" "snrakshak doot" banalelya watchmesterne tyaa kalatil anek vilakshan ghatanancha ahwal chhapala aahe "."tichya" "aathvaninmadhye" "watchmester tichya nirikshanakhali nirikshanakhali anek tathyancha tapshilvar lihite, jyane blavatskichya kamat bahya madatikade nirdesh kele aahe". tine lihileh 'gupt siddhant' heey kharokharach eka mahan aanee bhavya karya asel. tichi pragati pahanyacha, hastalikhite vachanyacha aanee tine jyaa prakare tichi mahitee midavali tyaa jadutona pahanyacha visheshadhikar mallah midala aahe." watchmysterne lihile, "jevha [gupt siddhant] chee mudrit prat majhya hatat denyat aalee, tevha mallah asey vatale qee vedna, parishram aanee dukkhache heey serve taas vyarth gele naheet aanee teey etch.pii.buub. tiche kaam purn karnyat aanee jagala heey bhavya pustak denyat saksham hote, jeey tine mallah sangitale qee, sampoorn kautuk honyasathi pudhchya shatkaparyant shantpane pratiksha karavi lagel aanee aata fakt mojkech tyacha abhyas kartil."

constance wachtmister constance georgina luis wachtmester ("nee" constance day borbel day montpincon,; march 28,1838-september 24,1910), countess wachtmester bhanera chinine, ek pramukh theosophist, helena blabhatskiko ghanishtha sathi thie. jiwani. constanska amababu markis day borbel day montpincon rar unaki shrimati constance balkali thie. unle dherai sano hunda afna amababu gumae rar unlai englandma unaki kaki, shrimati balkalikahan pathaieko thiyo. sann 1863 maa unle afno chachera bhai, count carle wachtmestersanga vivaha garin, jasbata unko euta chhora thiyo, count excel raul. wiwahako tean warshapachhi uni stockholm gain jahaan sann 1868 maa countlai videsh mamila mantri niyukta gariyo. sann 1871 maa unka patiko mrityupachhi, uni ajhai pani dherai warshasamma swidenma basin. sann 1879 maa countacele pretawadko anusandhan garna thale rar sann 1881 maa theosophical societyko london lajma samel bhae. unle echlai bheteki thiin.pee. sann 1884 maa londonma blabhatsky. uni blabhatskyka lagi mahatwapurna sajhedar thiin rar "gupta siddhanta" ko karyaka lagi awashyak samarthan thiin. sann 1885 maa wurzbergma blabhatsky aepachhi kehi samayapachi unisanga wachtmister pani samel bhae, jasle "wafadari rar prempurwak mahan kamma sahayog gare."sann 1887 maa wachtmesterle theosophical prakashan company ayojana gare. bertram keitliko sathama, blabhatskyka kamharu prakashit garna. 1888-95 maa uni theosophical siftingki sampadak thiin."uni londonko blabhatsky lajki sachiva rar khajanedar thiin. sann 1890 maa uni blabhatsky lajko bhitri samuhako sadasya banin. sann 1893 maa bessant rar wachtmister bharat gae. sann 1894 maa unle newyork saharma theosophical prashnaharuma wyakhyan dieki thiin. sann 1896 maa wachtmisterle theosophyma wyakhyan dindai america rar australiako bhraman gare. wachtmester rar kett buffington devisle sann 1897 maa shakahari khana pakaune pustak "wyawaharik shakahari khana pakaune" lekhe. yee parikarharu obho-lacto shakahari thie. yo americama prakashit pahilo shakahari guidebookharu madhye ek thiyo. blabhatskyko samjhana. unle dherai likhit pathharu chhodeki chhainan, tara unko kaam "etch ko samjhanaharu. pee. blabhatsky rar "gupta siddhanta" maddom blabhatskyko wyaktitwama adhyayanko srota how. wachtmisterle bhanin kii unle ab blabhatskysang kehi mahina bitaeki chhin. "maile unko kotha sajha gareko chhu rar bihan, diunso rar raat unisanga chhu. maile unka sabai bucks rar darajharu padheko chhu, unle prapta gareka patraharu rar unle lekheka patraharu padheko chhu."germany rar belgiumma" "gupta siddhanta" "ko rachanako warshaharuma, gharelu rupma bhannuparda, blabhatskyko" "abhibhawak swargadut" "baneki wachtmesterle tyas awadhiko dherai asadharan ghatanaharuko vivaran chhapin."unko" "samjhanaharu" "maa wachtmisterle unko awalokanma aune dherai tathyaharuko vivaran lekhchhin jasle blabhatskiko kamma bahya sahayoglai aunlyae. unle lekheh "gopya siddhanta" wastawma euta mahan rar bhawya karya hunechha. maile yasako pragati herne, pandulipiharu padhne rar unle afno jankari prapta gareko gupta tarikako sakshi hune suawasar paeko chhu." wachtmisterle lekheka chhan, "jab [gopya siddhantako] chhapieko pratilipi mero hatma rakhieko thiyo, mahm yo mahasus garnama abhari thie kii yee sabai ghantako pida, parishram rar pida wyartha bhaena, rar tyo etch.pee.bee. afno kaam pura garna rar sansarlai yo bhawya pustak dina saksham bhaeko thiyo, june unle malai bhanin, arko shatabdisamma chupchap parkhanu parnecha purna rupma prashansa garna, rar ab thoraile matra adhyayan garnechan."

constance watchmester constance georgina lui watchmester ("nee" constance dii borbell dii montapinkan,; march 28,1838-september 24,1910), countess watchmester bhabare janashuna, jane pramukh theosophist thile, helena blavatskinka ghanistha bandhu . jeebani. constancenka pitamata thile markis dii borbell dii montapinkan ebong taanka patni constance balkali. shay bahuta chhot thiba samajare taanka pitamatanku haraithile ebong tanku englandare taanka mausi, srimati balkalinka nikataku pathajaithila. 1863 masihare shay taanka samparkeeah bhai count carle wachmestaranku bibaha karithile, jahanka sahita tankara eka pua, count axel raul thile. bibahara tini barsha parey shay stockholmku chalijaithile, jeunthare 1868 ray count baideshika byapara mantri nijukta hoithile. 1871 masihare taanka swameenka mrutyu parey madhya shay aneka barsha dhari swidenare rahuthile. 1879 masihare countess pretyakakatara anusandhana arambha karithile ebong 1881 masihare theosophical societyra london lajre joga deithile. shay etch. nku bhetithile.pii. 1884 masihare landanare blavatsky. shay blavatskinka paain jane gurutwapurna anshidara thile ebong "gupta matabada" rahr karjya paain atyabashyaka samarthan thile. 1885 masihare wurjabargare blavatsky asibara kichhi samai parey taanka sahita watchmester joga deithile, jieki "nisthara saha ebong premer saha ehi mahan karjyare sahajya karithile."1887 masihare watchmester theosophical publising companyku sangathita karithile. bertram keitalinka sahita, blavatskinka rachanagudiku prakash kariba paain. 1888-95 ray shay "theosophical siftings" rahr sampadaka thile."shay londner blavatsky lazar sachiba ebong khajanadhikari thile. 1890 masihare shay blavatsky lazar aabhyantareen gosthira sadasya hoithile. 1893 masihare bessant ebong watchmester bharat jaithile. 1894 masihare shay nyujarka saharare theosophical prashna upare eka baktruta deithile. 1896 masihare watchmester america ebong astrelia gasta curry theosophy upare baktruta deithile. watchmester ebong kett buffington devis 1897 ray eka shakahari roshei pustaka, "byabaharika shakahari roshei" rachna karithile. resipigudika obho-lacto shakahari thila . ehaa aamerikare prakashita pratham shakahari guidebook madhyaru gotie thila . blavatskinka smruti. shay aneka likhita granth chhadi nahanti, kintu taanka karjya "echa rahr smruti . pii. maddam blavatskinka byaktitwa upare adhyajana paain blavatsky ebong "gupta matabada" eka utsa . watchmester kahithile je shay ebe blavatskinka saha kichhi maasa bitaichhanti. "mun taa 'rahr kothareeku seyara karichhi ebong sakale, madhyahna ebong raatire taa' sahita achhi. mun tankara samasta backs ebong drajarare prabesha karichhi, shay paithiba chithi ebong shay lekhithiba chithi padhichhi."watchmester, jie kii blavatskinka" "abhibhabaka debadoota" "hoithile, gharoi bhabare kahibaku gale, germany ebong belajijamare" "gupta siddhanta" "rahr rachna samajare, sehi samaira aneka asadharana ghatana bishajare tankara bibaranee mudrita karichanti ."watchmester taanka" "smruti" "ray taanka parjyabekhyanare asuthiba aneka tathya bishajare bistruta bhabare lekhichhanti jaahaa blavatskinka karjyare bahya sahajyaku suchita kare . shay lekhithileh "gupta matabada" bastabare eka mahan ebong bhabya karjya heba. ehara agragati dekhiba, pandulipi padhiba ebong shay jeun rahasyamai upaajare suchana sangraha karithile taaha dekhibara saubhagya mote milichi." watchmester lekhichhanti, "jetebele [gupta matabadara] eka mudrita nakal moe haatare rakhagala, mun ehaa anubhaba curry krutagya thili je ete dinara jantrana, parisrama ebong jantrana byarta jaai nathila, ebong sehi haha.pii.bii. shay niz karjya sampadana curry biswaku ehi bishala pustaka pradan karibare sakhyama hoithile, jaahaaku shay mote kahithile, sampurna bhabe prashansita heba paain parabarti shatabdi parjyanta neerabare apekhya karibaku padiba, ebong bartamana kebala alpa kichhi lock ehaaku adhyajana karibe."

constance watchetmister constance georgina luis watchetmister ("nee" constance dee borbal dee montpinkon,; 28 march, 1838-24 satambar, 1910), jiss noon countase watchetmister vajon janhiaa jaanda haii, ikk pramukh theosophist see, joe helena blavatsky daa ikk karibi dosat see. jeevani. constance dey maape marquis dee borbell dee montpinkon atey uss dee patni constance balkali sunn. jadon uh bahut chhoti see taan uss neey aapne maata-pitaa noon guaa ditta atey uss noon england witch aapni maasi shrimati balkali cole bhej ditta giaa. sann 1863 witch uss neey aapne chachere bharaa, count kaaral watchetmister naal viaah karwa liaa, jiss naal uss daa ikk puttar see, cont aiksal raol. viaah dey tinn saalan baad uh stockholm chalee gaee jitthe 1868 witch, count noon videsh mamlian daa mantri niyukat keeta giaa see. 1871 witch aapne patee dee maut toon baad, uh ajey vee kaee saalan takk sweden witch rahee. 1879 witch contess neey pretvad dee jaanch shuru keeti atey 1881 witch theosophical suciety dey london lauj witch shamal hoow gaee. uh aich noon millie.pee. 1884 witch london witch blavatsky. uh blavatsky laee ikk mahattavpuran bhaiwal see atey "gupat sidhant" dey kamm laee zaruri sahaita see. 1885 witch wurzberg witch blavetsky dey aaunn toon kujh samein baad uss naal wetmister vee shamal hoow giaa, jiss neey "vafadari atey piaar naal mahaan kamm witch sahaita keeti."1887 witch watchetmister neey theosophical publishing company daa ayojan keeta. bertram keitley dey naal, blavatsky deeaan rachnavan noon prakashit curran laee. 1888-95 witch uh "theosophical siffings" dee sampadak see."uh london witch blavatsky lauj dee sakattar atey khazanchi see. 1890 witch uh blavatsky lauj dey andruni samooh dee member bann gaee. sann 1893 witch bacent atey watmister bharat chaley gaye. sann 1894 witch uss neey newyork shehar witch theosophical parshanan utte ikk bhashan ditta see. 1896 witch watchetmister neey amrica atey australia daa daura keeta atey theosophy utte bhashan ditta. watchetmister atey kett buffington davis neey 1897 witch ikk shakahari rasoi dee kitaab likhi, "viharak shakahari rasoi". pakwanan ovo-lacto shakahari sunn. ih amrica witch prakashit pahili shakahari guidebookan vicchon ikk see. blavatsky deeaan yaadan. uss neey bahut saare likhti granth naheen chadde hunn, parr uss dey kamm "aich deeaan yaadan" hunn. pee. blavetsky atey "gupat sidhant" maidam blavetsky dee shakhsiat utte adhiaen daa ikk sarot haii. watchetmister neey dassiaa kii uss neey hunn blavatsky naal kujh maheene bitaae hunn. "main uss daa kamra sanjha keeta haii atey savere, duphir atey raat uss naal riha haan. main uss dey saare baksiaan atey darazan takk pahunch keeti haii, uss noon prapat hoye pattran noon padhiaa haii atey joe uss neey likhe hunn."watchmester, joe germany atey belgium witch" "gupat sidhant" "dee rachna dey saalan dauran, gharelu taur 'teey blavatsky dee" "sarprast doot" "bann gaee, neey uss samein deeaan kaee asadharan ghatnavan baare aapna birtant chhapiaa haii."aapniaan" yaadan "witch watchetmister neey aapne nirikhan adheen aaunn vaale bahut saare tatthan daa vistaar naal likhiaa haii joe blavatsky dey kamm witch baahari sahaita vall ishara karde hunn. uss neey likhiaao "gupat sidhant" sachmuch ikk mahaan atey shandar kamm hovega. mainoon iss dee pragati noon dekhan, hatth-likhtan noon padhan atey uss jadui tarike noon dekhan daa subhag miliaa haii jiss naal uss neey aapni jankari prapat keeti." watchmester neey likhiaa, "jadon [gupat sidhant dee] ikk printed kaapi merey hatthan witch ditti gaee, taan main ih mahisus curran laee shukarguzar see kii darad, mihnat atey dukkh dey ih saare ghante viarth naheen gaye sunn, atey uh aich.pee.bee. uh aapna kamm poora curran atey dunia noon ih shandar kitaab denh dey yog hoow gaee see, jiss dee uss neey mainoon dassiaa see kii puurii tarahan parshansa curran laee agli sadee takk chupchap intezar karna pavega, atey hunn siraf kujh hii lock iss daa adhiaen karange."

constance watchmester constance-jaarjnaa-louis-watchmester ("nee" constance-day-borbel-day-montpinkon,; maarch 28,1838-september 24,1910), countes-watchmester iti namna prasidhah, pramukhah theosophist aasit, helina-blavatsky ityasya nikatamitrah aasit. jeevanacharitram. constance ityasya maataapitarau marquis dey borbel dey montpinkon, tasya patnee constance bulkley cha aasan. yadaa saa ateeva alpavayaskaa aasit tadaa saa matapitaram haarayat, tathaa england-deshe swapitree, shrimati bulkley ityasyaah sameepam preshitaa. 1863 tame varshe saa swabhraatruputram kaunt-carl-vaach-maistar ityenam parineetavatee, yayaa saa kaunt-aaxal-raul iti putram praapnot. vivaahasya varshatrayaanantaram saa stockholm-nagaram gatavatee, yatra 1868 tame varshe kaunt-varyaha videshakaaryamantreeroopen niyuktah. 1871 tame varshe swapatnyaah mrutyoho anantaram api saa sweeden-deshe katipayavarshaani yaavat nivasat. 1879 tame varshe countes ityeshaa pretaatmaavaadasy anveshanam aarabhat, 1881 tame varshe cha theosophical-societyaah landan-ladge-madhye sammilitaa. saa echa ityanena saha militavatee.pee. 1884 tame varshe landan-nagare blavatsky ityeshaa, blavatsky ityasyaah mahattvapoornam sahabhagini aasit, "guptasiddhantam" ityasya karyasya aavashyakam samarthanam cha aasit. 1885 tame varshe woorzberg-nagare blaavaatski ityasya aagamanasy kinchitkalam anantaram saa vaachmeestar ityanena saha militavatee, yah "nishtaapoorvakam premapoorvakam cha mahakarye sahayyam krutavaan."1887 tame varshe vaachmeestar ityayam theosophical pablishing ko samsthaam aayojayat. bertram cataly ityanena saha, blavatsky ityasya rachananam prakashanartham. 1888-95 madhye saa theosophical siftings ityasya sampaadikaa aasit."saa landan-nagarasya blavatsky-vasatigruhasya sachivaa, khajanadari cha aasit. 1890 tame varshe saa blavatsky-vasatigruhasya aantarikasamoohasy sadasyaa abhavat. 1893 tame varshe besant tathaa vaachmeestar cha bharatam gatavantah. 1894 tame varshe nyuyaark-nagare saa theosophical-prashnanam vishaye vyaakhyaanam dattavatee. 1896 tame varshe vaachmeestar ityayam america-australia-deshayoho bhramanam krutvaa brahmadnyaanavishaye vyaakhyaanam krutavaan. vaachmeestar tathaa kett buffington davis ityeshaa 1897 tame varshe "praaktikal vejateriyan kukaree" iti shakaharapustakam likhitavantah. paakakrutihi ovo-lacto vejateriyan aasit. amerikaadeshe prakaashiteshu prathamaasu shakahara-margadarshika-pustakeshu etat anyatam aasit. blaavaatski ityasya samsmaranam. saa aneke likhitagranthah naa avashishtaa, parantu tasyaah krutihi "hii ityasya smrutayah" iti. pee. blewatsky tathaa "guptasiddhantam" cha medam blewatsky ityasyaah vyaktitvasya adhyayanasya srotah asti. vaachmeestar avadat yat saa idaaneem blavatsky ityanena saha katipayaani masani vyateetavatee iti. "aham tasyaah prakoshtam saha samyam krutavaan, praatah, madhyaahnam, raatrih cha tasyaah saha gatavaan. tasyaah sarvaani petikaani, kshaarakaani cha mayaa praapyantaani, saa praaptaani patraani, saa likhitaani cha pathitavantah."vaachmeestar, yaa blavatsky ityasya" samrakshaka-dootah abhavat, desheeyaroopen, germany-belgium-deshayoho "gupta-siddhaantasy" rachanaayaah varsheshu, tasmin kaalasy anekanam asadharananam ghatananam vivaranam mudritavatee."swasmrutishu" vaachmeestar ityeshaa swasya nirikshanasya antargatam aagacchataam anekanam tathyanam vishaye vistaaren likhati, ye blavatsky ityasya kaarye bahyasahayam soochayanti. saa likhati yat "guptasiddhantam" vastutah mahat bhavyam cha karyam bhavishyati. tasya pragatim drashtum, paandulipim pathitum, tasyaah soochanaah praaptasya goodapaddhateh sakshyam cha kartum mahyam abhibhootam." vaachmeestar varyaha likhati, "yadaa [guptasiddhaantasy] mudritapratih mama haste sthaapitah, tadaa etaan sarvaan kashtaan, parishramaan, kashtaan cha vyartham naa abhavat iti anubhootvaa aham krutajnah aasit, tathaa cha saha haha.pee.kha. swakaaryam saadhayitum, idam bhavyam pustakam jagati daatum cha samarthavatee, yat saa mahyam avadat yat, purnataya prashamsayitum agrimashataabdyaabhyante nishshabdataya pratikshaniyam bhavishyati, adhunaa kevalam kechan eva adhyayanam karishyanti iti."

constance wadmister constance georgina luis watchmister (constance dii borbell dii maandpinkaan, maarch 28,1838-septumber 24,1910), countess watchmister endru azhaikkappadubavar, oru mukiya theosophist, helina plavatskyin nerungiya nanbar aavaar. vaazhkkai varalaaru. constancin pettroar markvis dii poarpal dii montbinghaon mattrum avarathu manaivi constance balkli aavar. avar migach siriya vayathilaeyae thanathu pettroarai ilanththu englaanththil ulla avarathu aththai thirumathi palkalikku anuppapattaar. 1863 aam aandil avar thanathu uravinaraana count carle watchmisterai mananthaar, avarudan avarukku oru magan, count auxel ravul irunthaar. tirumanamaana moontru aandugalukkup piragu avar stockholm nagarukku kudipeyarnthaar, angku 1868 aam aandil, count veliyuravu amaichcharaaga niyamikkappattaar. 1871ill thanathu kanavar iranththa piragum avar sweedenil pala aandugal vaalnththaar. 1879 aam aandil countess avikkuriya vishayangkalai visaarikkath thodangkinaar, 1881 aam aandil theosophical societyin lundon ladgeil saernthaar. aval ech. aii santhiththaal.puughal. 1884 aam aandil landanil plaevatsky. avar plaevatskikku oru mukkiyamaana koottaaliyaagavum, "ragasiya koatpaadu" endra panikku aththiyaavasiya aatharavudanum irunthaar. 1885 aam aandil bursberkil plavatsky vantha sirithu neeraththirkup piragu, avarudan watchmister saernthaar, avar "visuvaasaththudanum anbudanum periya vaelaiyil udhavinaar."1887 aam aandil watchmister theosophical veliyeettu niruvanatthai aerpaadu seithaar. pertram keitliyudan, plavatskyin padaippugalai veliyiduvatharkaaga. 1888-95 ill avar theosophical siftingsin aasiriyaraaga irunthaar."avar landanil ulla plavatsky ladgin seyalaalaraagavum porulaalaraagavum irunthaar. 1890 aam aandil avar plavatsky ladgin ull kuzhuvil uruppinaraaga aanaar. 1893ill bessent mattrum watchmister inthiyaavukkuch sendranar. 1894 aam aandil newyorg nagaril theosophical kaelvigal kuritthu avar oru sorpozhivaik kondirundhaar. 1896 aam aandil watchmister americavilum australiavilum suttruppayanam seithu deosabi kuritthu virivurai valangkinaar. watchmister mattrum caded buffington davis aagiyoar 1897 aam aandil "nadaimurai saiva samaiyal" endra saiva samaiyal puththagaththai ezhuthinar. samaiyal kurippugal oovoa-lacto saiva unavu vagaikalaakum. idhu americavil veliyidappatta muthal saiva vazhikaatti puththagangkalil ontraakum. plavatskyin ninaivugal. avar pala ezhuthappatta noolgalai vittuch sellavillai, aanaal avarathu padaippugal "ech ninaivugal". puughal. maedam plavatskyin aalumai kuriththa aaivukku plavatsky mattrum "ragasiya koatpaadu" oru aathaaramaakum. avar ippoathu plavatskyudan sila maathangkalaik kazhiththathaagak koorinaar. "naan avaludaiya araiyaip pagirnthu kondaen, kaalai, mathiyam mattrum iravu avaludan irunththaen. avarathu pettikal mattrum izhupparaigal anaiththaiyum naan anugiyullaen, avar pettra kadidhangalaiyum avar ezhuthiya kadidhangalaiyum padiththaen."jermani mattrum beljiyaththil" "ragasiya koatpaadu" "uruvaakkappatta aandugalil, ullnaattil paesugaiyil, plavatskyin" "paathukaavalar thevathaiyaaka" "maariya wadmister, anthak kaalaththin pala asaathaarana nigazhvugal kuritthu thanathu pathivai achittaar"."thanathu" "ninaivugalil" "watchmister thanathu kankaanippin keezh varum pala unmaigalaip pattri virivaaga ezhuthukiraar, idhu plavatskyin padaippugalil velippura udhaviyai suttikkaattukirathu". avar ezhuthinaar "ragasiya koatpaadu" unmaiyil oru periya mattrum pirammaandamaana padaippaaga irukkum. adhan munnaettraththaik kavanippatharkum, kaiyezhuththup pirathikalaip padippatharkum, avar thanathu thagavalkalaip pettra maaya vithaththaik kaanpatharkum enakku paakkiyam kidaiththullathu." watchmister ezhuthinaar, "[" ragasiya koatpaattin "] oru achidappatta nagal enn kaikalil vaikkappattapoathu, inththa maninaera valii, uzhaippu mattrum thunbam anaiththum veenaagavillai enbathai unarnththatharku naan nandriyullavanaaga irunththaen, antha ech.puughal.pii. thanathu paniyai niraivaettravum, inththa pirammaandamaana puththagaththai ulagirku vazhangkavum mudinthathu, idhu, aduththa noottraandu varai muzhumaiyaagap paaraattappaduvatharku amaithiyaaga kaatthirukka vaendum, ippoathu oru silaraal mattumae padikappadum endru avar ennidam koorinaar."

constance watchmister constance georgena luis watchmister ("nee" constance dii borbell dii montpincon,; marchi 28,1838-september 24,1910), countess watchmister anie piluvabade pramukha theosophist, helena blavatsky sannihita snehituraalu. jeevita charitra. constance tallidandrulu marquis dii borbell dii montpinkan mariyu athani bhaarya constance bulkley. aame chaalaa chinnatanamlone thana tallidandrulanu kolpoyi, inglaandlooni aame attha srimati bulkley vaddaku pampabadindi. 1863loe aame thana bandhuvu, count carle watchmisternu vivaham chesukundi, veeritho aameku count axel raul anae kumarudu janminchaadu. vivaham ayina moodu samvatsaraala taruvaata aame stockholmku vellindi, akkada 1868loe count videshee vyavahaaraala mantrigaa niyaminchabaddaaru. 1871loe thana bhartha maraninchina taruvaata, aame ippatikee sweedanlo chaalaa samvatsaraalu nivasinchindi. 1879loe countess pretaatmavaadaanni parisoedhinchadam praarambhinchi, 1881loe theosophical society yokka london ladgelo cheraaru. aame hetch nii kalusukunnaru.pii. 1884loe londonlo blavatsky. aame blavatsky mukhyamaina bhagaswamy mariyu "rahasya siddhaantam" paniki avasaramaina maddatu. 1885loe woorz burg kuu blavatsky vacchina kontakaalam tarvaata aametho paatu watchmister cheraadu, athanu "aaa goppa paniloo vidheyathatho mariyu premagaa sahayapaddadu."1887loe watchmister theosophical publishing companyni nirvahinchaaru. bertram kaitleetho paatu, blavatsky rachanalanu prachurinchadaaniki. 1888-95 loe aame theosophical siftings sampaadakudigaa unnaaru."aame landanlooni blavatsky ladgeku karyadarshi mariyu koshadhikariga panicheesaaru. 1890loe aame blavatsky ladge lopali samuuhamloo sabhyuraligaa maarindi. 1893loe besent mariyu watchmister bharatadesaniki vellaaru. 1894loe newyork nagaramlo aame theosophical prasnalapai upanyaasam icchaaru. 1896loe watchmister america, australialo paryatinchi theosophy upanyaasaalu icchaaru. watchmister mariyu cate buffington davis 1897loe "practical vegetarian cookery" anae saakhaahaara vanta pustakaanni rachinchaaru. vantakaalu ovo-lacto saakhaahaaram. idhi americalo prachurinchabadina modati saakhaahaara maargadarsaka pustakaalalo okati. blavatsky yokka ghnaapakaalu. aame chaalaa vraatapuurvaka grandhaalanu vadilipettaledu, conny aame rachana "hetch yokka ghnaapakaalu". pii. blavatsky mariyu "rahasya siddhaantam" maydom blavatsky vyaktitvampai adhyayanaaniki muulam. watchmister aame ippudu blavatskytho konni nelalu gadipinatlu perkondi. "neenu aame gadini panchukunnaanu mariyu udayam, madhyahnam mariyu raatri aametho unnaanu. aame pettelu mariyu sorugulannintini neenu pondaanu, aameku vacchina lekhalanu mariyu aame raasina vaatini chadivaanu."germany mariyu belgiumlo" "rahasya siddhaantam" "kuurpu samvatsaraalalo, desheeyamgaa cheppalante, blavatsky yokka" "samrakshaka dhootha" "ayina watchmister, aaa kaalamlooni aneka asaadhaarana sanghatanala gurinchi thana kathanaanni mudrinchindi"."thana" "ghnaapakaalu" "loe watchmister thana pariseelanaloo vacchina aneka vaastavaala gurinchi vivaramgaa vraasindi, idhi blavatsky paniloo bahya sahayanni suuchimchimdi". aame ilaa rasindi "rahasya siddhaantam" nijamgaa goppa mariyu goppa pani avutundi. daani purogatini chuse, vraatapratulanu chadive, aame thana samacharanni pondina kshudra vidhananni chuse avakaasam naaku labhinchindi." watchmister ilaa vraasaadu, "[rahasya siddhaantam] yokka mudrinchina kaapeeni naa chetulloki unchinappudu, eee gantala baadha, shrama mariyu baadhalannee vrudhaa kaaledani mariyu aaa hetch.pii.bii. aame thana panini puurti chesi, eee goppa pustakaanni prapanchaaniki ivvagaligindi, idhi puurtigaa prasamsimchabadataaniki taruvaati sataabdam varaku nissabdamgaa vechi undalsi untundani, ippudu koddimandi matrame adhyayanam chestaarani aame naaku chepparu."

constance watchmester constance georgina lois waachat mester ("nee" constance ddee borbal ddee mont pankoon vovo 28 maarch 1838-24 satambar 1910)yee juu countees waachat mester kay naam say jaana jaataa hay eek mamtaz theosophist thaa juu helina bloatsky kaa qareebi dost thaa. sawanah umri. constance kay waldeen markise ddee borbal ddee mont pankon aur iss kii bewi constance balkali thay. jabb wah behat chhoti thee tuu iss nay apnay waldeen kuu khoo diyaa aur asay england mein apnee khaalah mohtarmah balkali kay paas bhej diyaa gayaa. 1863 mein iss nay apnay kazan count carle watchmester say shaadi kii jiss say iss kaa eek betaa hawaa count aiksal rawal. shaadi kay teen saal baad wah stock hoam chalee gayein jehaan 1868 mein count kuu wazeer khaarjah muqarar kiyaa gayaa. 1871 mein apnay shohar kii moth kay baad bhee wah kayee saal sweaden mein rahein. 1879 mein countees nay rooh parasti kii tehqiqat sharoo kein aur 1881 mein theosophical society kay landan laaj mein shaamil how gayein. wah aich say milly.pee. 1884 mein landan mein bloatsky. wah bloatsky kii eek aham sharakat daar aur "khafiya nazariye" kay kaam kay liye zaruri himayat thein. blawatsky kay 1885 mein worzberg aaney kay kachh arsey baad iss kay saath weat mester bhee shaamil hawaa jiss nay "wafadari aur pyaar say iss azeem kaam mein madad kii."1887 mein watchmester nay theosophical publishing company kaa ahtamam kiyaa. bertrum cataly kay saath bloatsky kay kaamon kuu shaye karnay kay liye. 1888-95 mein wah theosophical chhaan beenn kii editor thein."wah landan mein bloatsky laaj kii secertry aur khazanchi thein. 1890 mein wah blawatsky laaj kay androni grop kii rakan bunn gayein. 1893 mein bassent aur waat mester hindustan chalay gayey. 1894 mein inhon nay neoyork shehar mein theosophical sawalat parr lecture diyaa. 1896 mein watchmester nay theosophy parr lecture deetay hoay america aur australia kaa dorah kiyaa. waach mester aur cate buffington ddios nay 1897 mein eek sabzi khoor bawarchi khaaney kii kitaab likhee "emli sabzi khoor bawarchi khaaney". tarkibein awoo-lecto sabzi khoor thein. yaha america mein shaye honay waali pehli sabzi khoor guide buck mein say eek thee. bloatsky kii yaadein. inhon nay behat say tehriri mutan nahein chhoday haine balkah inn kay kaam "aich kii yaadein" haine. pee. blawatsky aur "khafiya nazariyah" medam blawatsky kii shaqsiyat parr mutalah kaa eek zariah hay. watchmester nay bataya kahh abb inhon nay blawatsky kay saath chand maah guzaray haine. "mein nay iss kaa kamrah baant liyaa hay aur sabah dopahar aur raat iss kay saath rehaa hoan. majhay iss kay tamaam dabon aur darazon takk rasayi haasil hay iss nay juu khatut mosul hoay aur juu iss nay likhay haine wah padh liye haine."germani aur belgium mein" "khafiya nazariye" "kii tashkil kay saalon kay doraan gharilo toor parr boltay huay blawatsky kay" "sarparast farishta" "bannay waali watchmester nay iss door kay mutadid ghair mamuli waaqiaat kay baaray mein apnee tafsil shaye kii hay."apnee" "yaadon" "mein watchmester inn behat say hqaiq kii tafsil say likhti haine juu inn kay mashahide mein aatay haine jiss nay blowtsky kay kaam mein beruni madad kii taraf asharah kiyaa. iss nay likhaa: "khafiya nazariyah" darhaqiqat eek azeem aur azeem kaam hoga. majhay iss kii paish raft kuu dekhnay makhtutat kuu padhnay aur iss jaduyi tareeqe kuu dekhnay kaa aizaz haasil hawaa hay jiss say iss nay apnee malumat haasil kii haine." watchmester nay likhaa "jabb [khafiya nazariye kii] eek tabaat shadah nql miray haathon mein dee gayee tuu mein shakar guzaar thaa kahh mein nay mahsus kiyaa kahh dard mahnat aur masaib kay yaha tamaam ghantay bekaar nahein thay aur wah aich.pee.bub. wah apnaa kaam poraa karnay aur duniya kuu yaha azeem alshaan kitaab deenay mein kamiyab rahee thee jasay iss nay majhay bataya poori tarah say saraha jaanay kay liye agli sadee takk khamushi say intezar karnaa paray gaa aur abb sarf chand hyee loag iss kaa mutalah karein gay."

000222c93068daaa73f43377459a29bf5ad9034e5d8013e29fb7e1eda759ceb3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=22737689

Michael Mikhail

Michael Mikhail American economist Michael Mikhail is Dean Emeritus of the College of Business Administration at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Prior to assuming his role as dean in 2012, Mikhail was the KPMG Professor, and Director of the School of Accountancy at Arizona State University. At ASU, he was named a DC 100 Distinguished Scholar. Mikhail received his BS and MAS (Accounting) degrees from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and an MBA and Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. He previously taught at the MIT Sloan School of Management where he was the inaugural holder of the Theodore T. Miller Chair and at Duke University's Fuqua School of Business where he received the Executive MBA Program's Excellence in Teaching Award. Professor Mikhail's research interests are in the use of financial information by capital market participants, primarily securities analysts. His work examines the forecast accuracy of securities analysts and explores the determinants of analysts' forecasting ability, stock recommendation profitability, and the job consequences of poor performance. Mikhail has also studied the effects of earnings quality on market participants' reactions to other information provided by the firm and to the cost of capital. His research has appeared in the Journal of Accounting Research, The Accounting Review, the Journal of Accounting and Economics, the Journal of Financial Economics and the Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance. Mikhail previously served as a member of The Accounting Review's Editorial Advisory and Review Board and has been an ad-hoc reviewer for several other academic journals. Prior to becoming an academic, he was a Senior Consultant with Arthur Andersen's Tax and Corporate Finance Practice in Chicago. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

michael michael michael michael hoise sikagur ilinoy biswobidyaloyor kolej owo bijnes administrationor dinn emeritus. 2012 sonot dinn hisape dayitwo grohon korar purbe, michael kpmgr odhyapok aasil, aaru aarijuna rajyik biswobidyaloyor skool owo accountancyr xonsalok aasil. aaxu-too teuk di. chi. 100 bixisto pondito hisape namakoron koraa hoisil. mikhaile urbana-champaignor ilinoy biswobidyaloyor poraa bi. ess aaru maach (accounting) degree laabh korisil aaru em. bi. e aaru pieis. degree laabh korisil.di. sikagu biswobidyaloyor poraa. iyar purbe teu mitt slo 'noo skool owo managementot xikhyokota korisil zo' too teu thiudur ti-ror udwudhoni odhikari aasil. milor cheyar aaru diuk biswobidyaloyor fuka skool owo bijnesot zo 'too teu executive em. bi. e. programor utkristotar xikhyok botaa laabh korisil. odhyapok michaelor gowexonar aagroh hoise muldhon bojarot ongxogrohonkari, mulotoh protibhuti bislexokxokolor dwara bittiyo tothyor byobohar. teur kamtuwe protibhuti bislexokxokolor purbanumanor xothikota porikhya kore aaru bislexokxokolor purbanumanor khyomota, stokor poramorxo lavalav, aaru durbol prodorxonor sakorir porinamxomuhor nirdharokxomuh onwexon kore. mikaile companytuwe prodan koraa onyanyo tothyor proti bojar ongxogrohonkarixokolor protikriya aaru muldhonor byoyor uporot uparjonor mandondor probhawxomuhou odhyoyon korise. teur gowexona accounting gowexona journal, accounting ribhiu, accounting aaru orthonitir journal, bittiyo orthonitir journal aaru accounting, auditing aaru bittor journalot prokax paise. michaeloi purbe accounting reviewor xompadokiyo poramorxodata aaru porzaluchona bob "rdor xodosyo hisape kaam korisil aaru aan keibakhonu xoikhyik alusonir baabe egoraki osthayi porzaluchonakari aasil. egoraki xikhyabid huwar aagote teu sikagut aarthar endersonor korr aaru korpo "rett bitto prokriyar jyestho poramorxodata aasil.

michael michael michael mikhail shikagor ilinoy bishwobidyaloyer college off bijnes administrationer dinn emeritus. 2012 saale dinn hisebe dayitto grohoner agey, mikhail keey. pii. emm. zii-rawr adhyapak ebong arizona steta universityr school off accountancy-rawr porichalok chhilen. asur dii. shee. 100 bishishto pondito hisebe taanr namkaran koraa hoy. mikhail arbana-shampainer ilinoy vishwavidyalaya theke bs ebong maas (ekauntim) degree ebong ekti mba ebong paechd orjon corren.dii. shikago vishwavidyalaya theke. tini err agey mitt sloan school off management-ayee padaten jekhane tini theodor tii-err udwodhoni dharok chhilen. miller cheyara ebong diuka bishwobidyaloyer fuka school off bijnes jekhane tini shikkhai executive mba programer shresthotter puraskar peyechilen. adhyapak mikhailer gobeshonar swartho holl muldhan bajarer ongshogrohonkarider dwara, prathomikbhabe securities bishleshokder dwara arthik tothyer byabohar. taanr kaaj securities bishleshokder purbabhaser nirbhulata porikkha korey ebong bishleshokder purbabhas deoar khomota, stock superish munafa ebong durbal performancer kaajer porinoti nirdharankari vishayguli anweshan korey. mikhail sangosthar deoa anyanno tothyo ebong muldhaner byer proti bajarer ongshogrohonkarider protikriyar upor ayer maaner prabhabgulio adhyayan korechen. taanr gobeshonati ekauntim research journal, ekauntim review, ekauntim anned economics journal, arthik arthaniti journal ebong ekauntim, oditing anned finance journale prokashito hoyeche. mikhail err agey ekauntim reviewer sampadakiya upodeshta oo porjalochona boarder sadasya hisabe dayitto palon korechilen ebong anyanno besh koyekti academic journaler jonno ayada-hock porjalochok chhilen. ekjon shikkhabid howar agey, tini shikagote arthar andersoner corr ebong corporate finance onushiloner ekjon senior poramorshodata chhilen.

michael mikhail michael mikhail shikago khaate eleanois university khaate college off business administration deane emeritus chhe. 2012maan deane tarikeni temnee bhoomika sambhaaltaa pahelaa, mikhail keey. pii. aema. jee. naa prophesara aneey arizona state universityma school off accountancyna director hataa. aasuma, temne dii. see. 100 pratishthit vidhvaan tareeke naam aapvama aavyu hatoo. mikhele arbana-shampain khaate eleanois universitymathi temnee bs aneey maas (accounting) degree aneey mba aneey piaech praapt curry hatee.dii. shikago universitymathi. temane agau mitt sloan school off managementmaa bhanaavyu hatoo jyaan teo theodor teana udghaatan dhaarak hataa. miller chair aneey duke universityni fukaa school off businessma jyaan temne shikshanma executive mba prograamnee shreshthata puraskar malyo. prophesara mikhaailnaa sanshodhan heeto moody bajaarnaa sahbhagio, mukhyatve pratibhuti vishleshako dwara nanakiy maahitinaa upyogmaa chhe. temnu kaary pratibhuti vishleshakoni aagaahini choksaini tapaas karey chhe aneey vishleshakoni aagaahi karvaanee kshamata, shernee bhalamanni nafakarakta aneey nabalaa pradarshanna nokarinaa parinaamonaa nirdharakoni shodh karey chhe. mikhaile pedhhi dwara puurii padvama aaveli anya maahitee aneey mudeenaa kharch parr bajaarnaa sahbhagioni pratikriyaao parr kamaanini gunvattaani asarono pann abhyaas karyo chhe. temnu sanshodhan journal off accounting research, accounting review, journal off accounting anned economics, journal off financial economics aneey journal off accounting, auditing anned financema prakashit thayu chhe. mikhele agau hisabi samikshana sampadkiy salaahkaar aneey samiksha boardnaa sabhy tareeke sevaa aapee hatee aneey anya ketlaak shaikshanik saamyiko maate aeda-hoqa samikshak rahee chhe. aek shaikshanik banataa pahelaa, teo shikagoma arther endersonna karvera aneey corporate finance practices saathe varishth salaahkaar hataa.

michael mikhail michael mikhail shikago mein ilinois vishvavidyalaya mein college off business administration key maanad deane hain. 2012 mein deane key roop mein apani bhoomika sambhaalane seey pahale, mikhail key. pee. aim. jee. professor they, aur arizona raajya vishvavidyalaya mein school off accountancy key nideshak they. aasoo mein, unhein dee. see. 100 pratishthit vidwan naamit kiya gayaa thaa. mikhail ney apana bss aur maas (lekha) kii degree ilinois vishvavidyalaya seey arbana-shampen mein praapt kii aur mba aur ph.dee. shikago vishvavidyalaya seey. unhone pahale prabandhan key mitt slone school mein padhaaya thaa, jahan way theodor tii key udghaatan dhaarak they. miller cheyar aur duke vishvavidyalaya key fukaa school off business mein jahan unhein shikshan mein karyakari mba karyakram kii utkrishtata kaa puraskar milaa. professor mikhail key shodh hita poonji bajar pratibhagiyon, mukhya roop seey pratibhooti vishleshakon dwara vittiya jaankaari key upayog mein hain. unakaa kaam pratibhooti vishleshakon kii purvanuman sateekta kii jaanch kartaa haye aur vishleshakon kii purvanuman kshamata, stock anushansa laabhpradata aur kharaab pradarshan key naukari key parinamon key nirdharakon kii khoj kartaa haye. mikhail ney firm dwara pradaan kii gaee anya jaankaari aur poonji kii laagat parr bajar pratibhagiyon kii pratikriyaon parr aaya kii gunavatta key prabhaavon kaa bhee adhyayan kiya haye. unakaa shodh lekhankan anusandhaan patrika, lekhankan sameeksha, lekhankan aur arthshastra patrika, vittiya arthshastra patrika aur lekhankan, lekha pariksha aur vitt patrika mein prakaashit huaa haye. mikhail ney pahale lekhankan sameeksha key sampadakiya salaahkaar aur sameeksha board key sadasya key roop mein kaary kiya aur kaee anya shaikshanik patrikaon key liye ack tadarth sameekshak rahey hain. ack shikshaavid banane seey pahale, vaha shikago mein arther anderson key curr aur corporate vitt abhyaas key saath ack varishth salaahkaar they.

micheal maikhel micheal maikhel avaru chikagoda ileanois vishvavidyaanilayada college off bisiness administration deane emeritus agiddare. agiddare deane aagi adhikara vahisikolluva modalu, maikhel avaru kpmg pradhyapakaragiddaru mattu arizona raajya vishvavidyaalayadalli lekkaparishodhana shaleya nirdeshakaraagiddaru. aasuvinalli, avarannu dii. sii. 100 pratishthita vidvaamsa endu hesarisalaayitu. mikhail avaru arbana-shaampainnalliruva ileanois vishvavidyaalayadinda bs mattu maas (accounting) padavigalannu padedaru mattu mba mattu ph padedaru.dii. chikago vishvavidyaalayadinda. avaru ee hinde mitt sloane school off managementnalli kalisidaru, allie avaru theodor tii yaya udghatana dhaarakaraagiddaru. miller chair mattu duke vishvavidyaanilayada phuka school off bisinessionalli avaru bodhana kaaryakramadalli karyanirvahaka mba kaaryakramada shreshthateyannu padedaru. professor mikhail avara samshodhanaa aasaktigalu bandavaala marukatteyalli bhagavahisuvavaru, mukhyavaagi bhadrata vishleshakaru hanakasu maahitiyannu balasuvudaralli ive. avara kelasavu bhadrata vishleshakara munsuchaneya nikharateyannu parishilisuttade mattu vishleshakara munsuchane samarthya, stock shipharasu laabhadaayakate mattu kalape kaaryakshamateya kelasada parinaamagala nirnaayakagalannu parishodhisuttade. samstheyu odagisida itara maahitigalige mattu bandavaalada vecchakke marukatte bhagavahisuvavara pratikriyegala mele galikeya gunamattada parinaamagalannu saha mikhail adhyayana maadide. avara samshoodhaneyu journal off accounting research, accounting review, journal off accounting und economics, journal off financial economics mattu journal off accounting, auditing mattu financenalli prakatavagide. mikhail ee hinde lekkapatra vimarsheya sampadakiya salaha mattu vimarshe mandaliya sadasyaraagi seve sallisiddaru mattu halavaaru itara shaikshanika niyatakaalikagalige taatkaalika vimarshakaragiddare. shaikshanika vidyaarthiyaaguva modalu, avaru chikagodalli orther anderson avara terige mattu corporate hanakasu abhyasadalli hiriya salahegararagiddaru.

maikkal maikhaayel chikkagoyile illinois sarvakalaashaalayile koleju oof bisinus administreshante deane emerittasaanu maikkal mikhaayel. 2012ll deane padavi ettedukkunnathinu munbu, keey. pii. emm. jii professor arizona stettu yooniversittiyile school oof akkoundansiyude directorumaayirunnu mikhaayil. aasuvil addehathe dii. sii. 100 vishishta pandithanaayi namakaranam cheythu. mikhaayil urbana-shampainile illinois sarvakalashaalayil ninnu bs, maas (accounting) birudangalum mba, piechu. dii birudangalum nedi.dii. chikkago sarvakalashaalayil ninnu. munbu addeham mitt sloon school oof maanejmentil padippichirunnu, avide addeham theodor tii yude udghaadana udamayaayirunnu. miller cheyar, duke yooniversittiyude phukka school oof bisinus ennivayil addehathinu executive emm. bii. eiii prograaminte exalance inn teaching award labhichu. professor mikhayilinte gaveshana thalpparyangal mooladhana vipaniyil pankedukkunnavarude, praadhamikamaayi securities analystukalude saambathika vivarangal upayogikkunnathilaanu. addehathinte kruthi securities analystukalude pravachana krithyatha parisodhikkukayum vishakalana vidagtharude pravachana kazhivu, stokku shupaarsha labham, mosham prakadanatthinte thozhil anantharafalangal ennivayude nirnnayaka gadakangal paryavekshanam cheyyukayum cheiyunnu. sthaapanam nalkunna mattu vivarangalodum mooladhanachelavinodum vipani pankaalikal nadathunna prathikaranangalil varumaanathinte gunanilavaaratthinte phalangalum mikhaayil padichu. addehathinte gaveshanam jenal oof accounting research, accounting review, jenal oof accounting aandu economics, jenal oof financial economics, jenal oof accounting, auditing aandu finance ennivayil prasidheekarichittundu. accounting reviewinte edittoriyal advisory aandu review board amgamaayum mattu niravadhi academic jenalukalude adhock niroopakanaayum mikhaayil munbu sevanamanushtichittundu. academic birudadhaariyaakunnathinu munbu addeham chikkagoyile arther aandezhsante taxes aandu korpparettu finance praakteesil seeniyar kansalttantaayirunnu.

michael mikhail michael mikhail heey shikago yetheel eleanoy vidyapithatil vyavasay prashasana mahavidhyalayache manad adhishthata aahet. 2012 madhye adhishthatachi bhoomika swikaranyapurvi, mikhail heey keey. pii. emm. jee. chey pradhyapak aanee arizona rajya vidyapithatil school auph accountancyche sanchalak hote. aasoo yethe, tyanna dii. see. 100 pratishthit vidwan mhanoon naav denyat aale. mikhailane arbana-shampen yetheel eleanoy vidyapithatun bii. ess. aanee maas (lekha) padvi aanee emm. bii. aii. aanee ph.dii. shikago vidyapithatun. tyanni yapurvi miit sloan school auph managementmadhye adhyapan kele, jithe teey theodor teeche udghatan dharak hote. miller cheear aanee duke vidyapithachya phuka school auph businessmadhye, jithe tyanna karyakari emm. bii. aii. karyakramacha utkrusht shikshan puraskar midala. pradhyapak mikhail yanche sanshodhanat swarasya heey bhandavali bajarat sahbhagi sahbhagi, pramukhyane rokhe vishleshak, yanchyadvare aarthik mahiticha vapar karane heey aahe. tyanche karya rokhe vishleshakanchya andaj achukatechi tapasani karate aanee vishleshakanchi andaj kshamata, sambhag shifaras napha aanee kharab kamgiriche nokariche parinam yanche nirdharak shodhate. mikhailane, companyne puravalelya itar mahitivar aanee bhandavalachya kimmativar bajaratil sahbhaginchya pratikriyanvar utpannachya gunvattechya parinamanchahi abhyas keela aahe. tyanche sanshodhan journal auph accounting research, daad accounting review, daad journal auph accounting andd economics, daad journal auph financial economics aanee daad journal auph accounting, audit andd financemadhye prakashit jhaale aahe. mikhail yanni yapurvi lekha punaravalokanachya sampadakiy sallagar aanee punaravalokan mandalache sadasya mhanoon kaam kele aanee itar anek shaikshanik niyatkalikansathi teey tatpurte samikshak rahile aahet. shaikshanik honyapurvi teey shikagomadhye arther andersonchya curr aanee corporate finance practicemadhye varishtha sallagar hote.

micheal mikhel micheal mikhel shikagoko eleanois wishwawidyalayako college aff business administrationka dinn ameritus hun. sann 2012 maa dinko rupma afno bhumika grahan garnuaghi, mikhail kpmg professor, rar arizona state universityma schol aff accountancyka nirdeshak thie. asuma, unlai disey 100 pratishthit vidwanko naam diieko thiyo. mikhaille arbana-champenko eleanois vishwavidyalayabata afno bs rar mass (lekha) degree rar mba rar ph prapta gare.dee. shikago vishwavidyalayabata. unle pahile mitt slone schol aff managementma padhaeka thie jahaan uni theodor tea kaa udghatan dharak thie. miller cheyar rar duke wishwawidyalayako fuka schol aff businessma jahaan unle shikshanma karyakari mba karyakramko utkrishtata puraskar prapta gare. professor mikhailko anusandhan chaso punji bazar sahabhagiharu, mukhyataya pratibhuti vishleshakharudwara wittiya jankariko prayogma chha. unko kamle pratibhuti wishleshakharuko purvanuman shuddhatako jaanch gardacha rar wishleshakharuko purvanuman kshamata, stock sifaris labhpradta, rar kharab pradarshanko kamko parinamharuko nirdharakharuko anweshan gardacha. mikhaille farmadwara pradan garieko anya jankari rar punjiko lagatma bazar sahabhagiharuko pratikriyaharuma ayako gunastarko prabhawharuko pani adhyayan gareko chha. unko anusandhan journal aff accounting research, lekha samiksha, journal aff accounting anned economics, journal aff financial economics rar journal aff accounting, adit anned financema prakashit bhaeko chha. mikhaille pahile lekha samikshako sampadakiya sallahakar rar samiksha boardko sadasyako rupma sewa gareka thie rar dherai anya shaikshik journalharuka lagi aid-hock samikshak baneka chhan. ek shaikshik bannuaghi, uni sikagoma arther endersonko curr rar corporate witta abhyaska sath warishtha sallahakar thie.

michael mikhel michael mikhail chikagosthita eleanois biswabidyalajara byabasai prashasana colleger dinn emerits atanti. 2012 ray dinn bhabare dajitwa grahan kariba purbaru, mikhaila kee. pii. emm. jii professor ebong arizona rajya biswabidyalajare accountancy bidyalajara nirdeshaka thile. aasure, tanku dii. sii. 100 bisista bidwana bhabe namit karajaithila. mikhaila tankara bii. ess. ebong maas (aakaunting) degree eleanois biswabidyalaja, arbana-champen ebong emm. bii. aii. ebong ph. dii. ru hassel karithile.dii. chikago biswabidyalajaru. shay purbaru mitt sloan skul off myanejamentare padhaithile jeunthare shay theodor tii rahr udaghatani dharaka thile . miller cheyara ebong dick biswabidyalajara phukwa skul off bijanesare jeunthare shay sikhyadanare executive emm. bii. aii programmer utkarshata puraskara paithile . professor mikhailanka gabeshana agraha heuchhi punji bajaara anshagrahanakareenka dwara arthika suchana byabahara kariba, mukhyatah security bishleshaka. taanka karjya security bishleshakanka purbanumana sathikata parikhya kare ebong bishleshakanka purbanumana khyamata, stock suparish labhapradata ebong kharap pradarshanara chakiri parinamara nirnajaka anusandhana kare . mikhaila madhya company dwara pradan karajaithiba anya suchana ebong punjira mulya prati bajaara anshagrahanakareenka pratikrija upare aaja gunabatta prabhaba adhyajana karichanti. tankara gabeshana aakaunting research journal, aakaunting ribhyu, aakaunting ebong economics journal, financial economics journal ebong aakaunting, aditinga ebong finances jarnalare prakash paichi. mikhaila purbaru aakaunting ribhyu sampadakiah paramarshadata ebong samikhya boarder sadasya bhabare karjya karithile ebong anya aneka academic journal paain jane aada-hock samikhyaka bhabare karjya karichanti . jane academic heba purbaru, shay chikagore arther aandarasanka ticks ebong corporate finances abhyasare jane baristha paramarshadata thile.

michael mikhail michael mikhail shikago vikhe eleanois university witch kaalaj aaf busions administration dey deane emirites hunn. 2012 witch deane vajon aapni bhumika sambhalan toon pahilan, mikhail keey. pee. aimm. jee. professor atey arizona state university witch school aaf accountancy dey director sunn. aasoo vikhe, uss noon dee. see. 100 daa ugghe vidwan namzad keeta giaa see. mikhail neey aapni bee. aiss. atey maas (accounting) deeaan dhigriaan ilinois university toon arbana-shampan atey ikk aimm. bee. aii. atey ph. dee. prapat keetiaan.dee. shikago university toon. uh pahilan mait sloan school aaf management witch padhaunda see jitthe uh theodor tii daa udghatni dhaarak see. miller chair atey diook university dey fuka school aaf busions witch jitthe uhanan noon adhiaapan witch karajkari aimm. bee. aii. program dee uttmata daa puraskar miliaa. professor mikhail dey khoj hitt poonji baazaar bhagidaran, mukkh taur utte pratibhutiaan dey vishleshankaran duaara vitti jankari dee varton witch hunn. uss daa kamm pratibhutiaan dey vishleshankaran dee bhavikhbani dee shudhta dee jaanch karda haii atey vishleshankaran dee bhavikhbani curran dee yogta, stock dee sifarash dee munafeyogta atey maadi karguzari dey naukari dey natijiaan dey nirdharak dee padchol karda haii. mikhail neey ferm duaara pardan keeti gaee horr jankari atey poonji dee laagat pratee markeet bhagidaran deeaan pratikriaavan utte kamai dee gunwatta dey prabhavan daa vee adhiaen keeta haii. uss dee khoj lekhakari khoj dey journal, lekhakari samikhiaa, lekhakari atey arth shastar dey journal, vitti arth shastar dey journal atey lekhakari, auditing atey vitt dey journal witch prakashit hoee haii. mikhail neey pahilan lekha samikhiaa dey sampadaki salahkar atey samikhiaa board dey member vajon seva nibhai atey kaee horr akadamik rasaliaan laee ikk aidd-hock samikhiak rahey hunn. akadamik bannan toon pahilan, uh shikago witch arther anderson dey taiks atey corporate vitt abhiaas dey naal ikk senior salahkar see.

mckell mikhel mckell mikhel ityeshah shikaago-nagarasya ileanois-vishvavidyaalayasya vaanijya-prashaasan-mahaavidyaalayasya dean-emeritus asti. 2012 tame varshe dean-rupena swasya paatram sveekrutya poorvam, mikhel ityeshah key. pi. emm. jii. pradhyapakaha, arijonaa-raajyavishvavidyaalaye school aaf accountancy ityasya nirdeshaka cha aasit. asu-nagare saha dee. see. 100 vishishtah vidvaamsaha iti namankitaha. mikhel ityeshah arbana-shampain-nagarasya ileanois-vishvavidyaalayaat bee. ess. tathaa maas (accounting) upaadhim praptavan, emm. bee. e. tathaa cha pee. ech. cha praptavan.dee. shikaago-vishvavidyaalayaha. saha poorvam mitt slone school aaf management ityatra adhyapitavan, yatra saha theodor-tea ityasya udghaatakah aasit. miller-cheyar tathaa duke-vishvavidyaalayasya fukaa-school-aaf-business ityatra saha shikshanakshetre executive-emm. bee. e. prograam ityasya utkrushtataayaah puraskaram avaapnot. praadhyaapakasy mikhel ityasya shodha-ruchihi poonjeevipanyabhaaginaam, mukhyataya pratibhooti-vishleshakaih vittiyasuchananam upayoge asti. tasya kaaryam pratibhooti-vishleshakaanaam poorvaanumaan-yatharthatam pareekshayati tathaa cha vishleshakaanaam poorvaanumaan-kshamataayaah nirdharakan, stack-anushamsaayaah labhapradatam, durbal-pradarshanasy karya-parinaman cha anveshayati. mikhel-varyaha, samsthayaa pradattanam anyasuchananam krute, poonjee-vyayasya cha vishaye vipanyaam sahabhaginam pratikriyaasu, aay-gunavattaayaah prabhavan api adhyayanam krutavaan. tasya shodhah lekhaamkan-anusandhaana-patrikaa, lekhaamkan-samiksha, lekhaamkan-arthashaastr-patrikaa, vitteey-arthashaastr-patrikaa, lekhaamkan-lekhaa-pariksha-vitta-patrikaa cha prakaashitah. maikhel ityeshah poorvam lekhaamkan-sameekshayaha sampaadakeey-paraamarsh-samiksha-mandalasya sadasyatvena karyam krutavaan, anyeshu anekeshu shaikshanik-niyatakalikanam krute api taatkaalik-sameekshakah aasit. shikshaawidah bhavitum poorvam saha shikaago-nagare aarthar enderson ityasya curr-nigamita-vitta-abhyaase varishta-paraamarshakah aasit.

michael michael michael michael sikakovil ulla illinoys palkalaikkazhagaththil vaniga nirvaagak kallooriyin deane emiritus aavaar. 2012 aam aandil deenaaga thanathu paaththiraththai aetrtrukkolvatharku munbu, michael kae. pii. emm. jii paeraasiriyaraagavum, arizona maanila palkalaikkazhagaththil kanakkiyal palliyin iyakkunaraagavum irunthaar. asuvil, avar oru dissy 100 pugazhpettra arinyar endru peyaridappattaar. michael thanathu pii. ess mattrum maas (kanakkiyal) pattangalai illinoys palkalaikkazhagaththil arbana-saambeyin mattrum oru emm. pii. aee mattrum ph.dii. sikago palkalaikkazhagaththil irunthu. avar munbu mitt sloan maelaanmaip pallyil karpitthaar, angku avar theodoor dii inn thodakka urimaiyaalaraaka irunthaar. miller sayer mattrum tuke palkalaikkazhagaththin fuga school off physinessil avar nirvaaga emm. pii. aee thittaththin karpiththal viruthaip pettraar. paeraasiriyar michaelin aaraaichi nalangal moolathanach santhaiyil pankerpaalarkalaal, muthanmaiyaaga paththirangkal aaivaalargal nidhi thagavalkalaip payanpaduththuvathil ullana. avarathu panii paththirangkalin aaivaalargalin munnarivippu thulliyatthai aaraaikirathu mattrum aaivaalargalin munnarivippu thiran, pangku parindurai ilaapam mattrum moasamaana seyalthiranin vaelai vilaivugal aagiyavattrai theermaanikkum kaaranigalai aaraaikirathu. niruvanam valangkiya pira thagavalkalukkum moolathanach selavukkum santhai pankerpaalarkalin ethirvinaikalil varumaanathin tharaththin vilaivugalaiyum michael aaivu seithullathu. avarathu aaraaichi kanakkiyal aaraaichi idhazh, kanakkiyal mathippaaivu, kanakkiyal mattrum porulaathaara idhazh, nidhi porulaathaara idhazh mattrum kanakkiyal, thanikkai mattrum nidhi idhazh aagiyavattril velivanththullathu. michael munbu kanakkiyal mathippaaivin thalaiyanga aaloasanai mattrum mathippaaivuk kuzhuvil uruppinaraaga paniyaattrinaar mattrum pala kalvi idhazhgalukku thartkaalika vimarsagaraaga irunthu varukiraar. kalviyaalaraaga maaruvatharku munbu, avar sikakovil aarthar anderson varii mattrum corporate nidhi nadaimuraiyil mooththa aaloachakaraaka irunthaar.

maikhel mikhail maikhel mikhail chikagoloni illinais vishwavidhyaalayamlo college off business administration yokka deane emiritus. 2012loe deanga baadhyatalu sweekarinchadaaniki mundu, mikhail kpmg professorga, arizona state universitylo school off accountancy directorga panicheesaaru. aasulo, ayana dii. sii. 100 vishishta panditudigaa paeru pondaaru. mikhail arbana-shampine looni illinais vishwavidyaalayam nundi thana bs mariyu maas (accounting) degreelanu mariyu mba mariyu ph andukunnadu.dii. chikago vishwavidyaalayam nundi. athanu gatamlo mitt sloan school off managementlo bodhinchaadu, akkada athanu theodor tii yokka prarambha holder. miller chair mariyu duke vishwavidyaalayam yokka phukwa school off businesslo athanu executive mba programme yokka bodhanalo shreshtatanu andukunnadu. professor mikhail yokka parisoedhana aasaktulu muuladhana market paalgonevaaru, pradhanamgaa securityla vislaeshakulu aardhika samacharanni upayoginchadamlo unnaayi. athani pani securityla vislaeshakula anchanaa khachitatvanni pariseelistundi mariyu vislaeshakula anchanaa saamarthyam, stock sifaarsu laabhadaayakata mariyu paelavamaina paniteeru yokka udyoga parinaamaala yokka nirnayaadhikaarulanu anveshistundi. samstha andinchina itara samacharam mariyu muuladhana vyayampai market palgonevari pratispandanalapai aadaaya naanhyata yokka prabhavalanu kooda mikhail adhyayanam chesindi. ayana parisoedhana journal off accounting research, accounting review, journal off accounting und economics, journal off financial economics mariyu journal off accounting, auditing und finance loe kanipinchindi. mikhail gatamlo accounting review yokka sampadakiya salaha mariyu sameeksha mandalilo sabhyudiga panicheesaaru mariyu aneka itara vidya patrikalaku taatkaalika sameekshakudigaa unnaaru. vidyavetta kaavadaaniki mundu, athanu chikagolo orther anderson yokka pannu mariyu corporate finance practicelo senior consultantga unnadu.

michael maikhail michael maikhail shikago mein aleenwaye university mein college aaf buznis administration kay deane emerates haine. 2012 mein deane kaa ahdah sanbhalne say pehley maikhail kay pee ayem jee professor aur arezona steat university mein school aaf accountancy kay director thay. asoo mein inhein ddee see 100 mamtaz scholar namzad kiyaa gayaa. makheel nay apnee bee aiss aur maas (accounting) kii dagriyan university aaf aleenwaye aett arbana shampen say haasil kein aur ayem bee aey aur pee aich kii digri haasil kii.ddee. shikago university say. iss say qabal inhon nay meet salwan school aaf mangement mein padhaya jehaan wah theodor tye kay iftatahi holder thay. miller chair aur ddiok university kay foka school aaf buznis mein jehaan inhein execto ayem bee aey prograam kaa tadrisi aiward milaa. professor makheel kay tehqiqi mufadat sarmayah bazaar kay sharkaa bunyadi toor parr secureties tajziya kaaron kay zariah maaliyaati malumat kay istemaal mein haine. inn kaa kaam secureties tajziya kaaron kii paish goyee kii darastagi kaa jaizah leeta hay aur tajziya kaaron kii paish goyee kii salahiyat stock kii sfarish kay munafa bakhash honay aur naqis karkardgi kay mulazimat kay nataij kay tayeen kaaron kii khooj kartaa hay. maikhail nay farm kii taraf say farahim kardah deegar malumat aur sarmaye kii laagat parr market kay sharkaa kay radh amal parr aamadni kay mayaar kay asraat kaa bhee mutalah kiyaa hay. inn kii tehqeeq journal aaf accounting recerch accounting review journal aaf accounting aind aknamiks journal aaf financial aknamiks aur journal aaf akaunting auditing aind fanans mein shaye hoyee hay. maikhail nay iss say qabal accounting review kay idaarti mashawarti aur jaizah board kay rakan kay toor parr khidmaat anjaam dain aur kayee deegar taleemi jarayed kay liye adhock jaizah leenay waalay rahay haine. taleemi bannay say pehley wah shikago mein aarthar anderson kay teks aur corporate fanans practs kay saath seniyar masheer thay.

000229b4e9144e8aeacf0ef66019513b9af6fc97a4b4deee9ac489ddb8715eb9

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki?curid=3364587

Lackington, George (DNB00)

Lackington, George (DNB00)

lassington, jorj (dii. enn. bii. 100)

lackington, george (dii. aine. bii. 100)

lasington, george (dii. enn. bii. 100)

lessington, jaaraj (dee. ainn. bee. 100)

lassington, jaarj (dii. enn. bii. 100)

00022a61d98b653ba2019240f2a56918845904f9a466be45571b3281856d9b23

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=11091123

Ibn Jazla

Ibn Jazla 11th century Arab physician and author Abu Ali Yahya ibn Isa ibn Jazla al-Baghdadi or Ibn Jazlah (), Latinized as Buhahylyha Bingezla, was an 11th-century Arab physician of Baghdad and author of an influential treatise on regimen that was translated into Latin in 1280 AD by the Sicilian Jewish physician Faraj ben Salem. Biography. Ibn Jazla was born of Christian Nestorian parents at Baghdad. He converted to Islam in 1074. He died in 1100 under the tutelage of Abu `Ali ibn Al-Walid Al-Maghribi. Works. His "Taqwim al-Abdan fi Tadbir al-Insan" ("Dispositio corporum de constitutione hominis, Tacuin agritudinum"), as the name implies: tables in which diseases are arranged like the stars in astronomical tables, was translated into Latin. There is a story which says that he was one of the physicians to Charlemagne and that he wrote "Tables" or "Tacuin" at the instigation of the latter. This story has no historical foundation unless Ibn Jazla was born two centuries earlier, for indeed, Charlemagne was emperor up to 814. The Tacuin was translated by the Jew Faraj ben Salim and the Latin version was published in 1532. A German translation was published at Strasbourg in 1533 by Hans Schotte. Ibn Jazla also wrote another work, "Al-Minhaj fi Al-Adwiah Al-Murakkabah", (Methodology of Compound Drugs), which was translated by Jambolinus and was known in Latin translation as the Cibis et medicines simplicibus. A convert to Islam, he wrote works in praise of Islam and criticising Christianity and Judaism. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

ibon jajola aabu aali yahiya ibon ixa ibon jajola aal-bagdadi baa ibon jajola (), letin bhaxat buhahiliha bingejola buli kuwa hoy, 11 xotikar bagdador ejon aarob sikitsok aaru 1280 sonot cycilian ihudi sikitsok faraz benn saleme letinoloi onubad koraa rejimenor uporot ek probhawxali gronthor lekhok aasil. jiwani. bagdadot khristan nest "rian pitri-matrir poraa ibon jajolar jonmo hoisil. teu 1074 sonot islam dhormo grohon korisil. 1100 sonot aabu 'aali ibon aal-walid aal-magoribir totwawodhanot teur mrityu hoisil. kaam kore. teur "takwim aal-aabodan phi tadobir aal-insan" ("dispo" sitiu korpo "raam di constitution huminis, takuin agritudinum"), naamtuwe bujayoh zo "too jyotirbigyanor tableot thoka taarar dore rugbur xajai rokha tablebur letinoloi onubad koraa hoisil. etaa kahini aase zo 'too kuwa hoise je teu charlemenor sikitsokxokolor bhitorot ejon aasil aaru teu pisorjonor preronot "tebul" baa "tequin" likhisil. dui xotika aagote ibon jajolar jonmo nuhuwaloike ei kahinir kunu oitihaxik bheti naai, kiyonu prokritote, charlemen 814 sonoloike xomrat aasil. takuin ihudi faraz benn salime onubad korisil aaru letin xongoskorontu 1532 sonot prokax paisil. 1533 sonot huns skoter dwara strajborgot german onubad prokax paisil. ibon jajolai aan etaa gronthou likhisil, "aal-minhaz phi aal-aadobiya aal-murokkaba", (jougik ouxodhor poddhoti), jaak jambulinase onubad korisil aaru letin onubadot sibis ett medicins simpolsibas hisape jonajat aasil. islamoloi dhormantorito hoi teu islamor proxongxa kori aaru khristan dhormo aaru ihudi dhormor xomaluchona kori grontho likhisil.

ibno jajla abu allie iahia ibno issa ibone jajla all-baghdadi baa ibone jajla (), jaake lettin bhasay buhahiliha bingejla bolla hoy, chhilen 11shha shatabdir baghdader ekjon arob chikitsak ebong 1280 khristabde cecilian ihudi chikitsak faraz beena salem dwara latine anubad koraa ekti prabhabshali gronther lekhok. jeeboni. baghdade khristan nestorian pitamatar ghore ibno jajla jonmogrohon corren. tini 1074 khristabde islam grohon corren. 1100 khristabde abu 'allie ibno all-oalid all-magribir tottabodhane tini maaraa zaan. kaaj korey. taanr "taquim all-abdan phii tadbir all-insan" ("disposityo corporum dii constitution hominis, taquin agritudinum"), namti theke bojha yaayah jey saronite jyotirboigyanik saronite tarar moto roga sajano thaake, taa lattin bhasay anubad koraa hoyechilo. ekti golpo royeche jaa boley jey tini sharlemener onnotomo chikitsak chhilen ebong porertir prorochonai tini "tabil" baa "taquin" likhechilen. eyi golper konao oitihasik vitti nei jodi naa dui shatabdi agey ibno jajlar jonmo hoy, kaaron prokritopokkhe, sharlemen 814 saal porjonto samrat chhilen. taquin ihudi faraz beena salim dwara anubad koraa hoyechilo ebong lattin sangaskaranti 1532 saale prokashito hoyechilo. ekti german anubad 1533 saale huns skoota dwara strasburge prokashito hoyechilo. ibno jajla arekti kaajo likhechen, "all-minhaz phii all-adwia all-murakkaba", (jougik oshudher poddhoti), jaa jumbolinus dwara anubad koraa hoyechilo ebong lattin anubade cbs ett medicines simplicibus hisabe porichito chhilo. islam dhorme dhormantorito hoye tini islamer proshongsha ebong khristan oo ihudi dhormer samalochana korey rachona korechilen.

ibna jazla abu allie yahya ibna isaa ibna jazla all-baghdadi athavaa ibna jazla (), jene latinma buhahiliha bingezla tareeke odakhvaamaa aave chhe, teey 11mee sadeena bagdaadnaa aarab chikitsak hataa aneey shaasan parr prabhavshali granthnaa lekhak hataa, jeno anuvaad 1280 aedeema cicilian yahudi chikitsak faraaj bayne salem dwara latinma karvaamaa aavyo hato. jivancharitra. ibna jazlano janm bagdadma khristi nestorian matapitamathi thayo hato. temane 1074maan islam dharm apnaavyo hato. abu 'allie ibna all-valeed all-magharibinaa margdarshan hethal 1100maan temnu avsaan thayu hatoo. kaama karey chhe. temnaa "takveem all-abdan phii tadbir all-insan" ("dispositio corporum dii constitunte hominis, taquin agritudinum"), naam soochave chhe temah koshtako jemaa rogo khagoleey koshtakomaa taaraaoni jaim gothvaayelaa chhe, teno latinma anuvaad karvaamaa aavyo hato. aek vaarta chhe jeey kahe chhe keey teo charlemagnena chikitsakomana aek hataa aneey temane pachhinaa prerane "koshtako" athavaa "tekun" lakhyu hatoo. jyaan sudhee ibna jazlano janm beey sadeeo pahelaa thayo naa hoya tyaan sudhee aaa vaartano koee aitihasik paayo nathee, kaaran keey kharekhar, charlemagne 814 sudhee samrat hataa. takuinno anuvaad yahudi faraaj bayne saleem dwara karvaamaa aavyo hato aneey lattin sanskaran 1532maan prakashit thayu hatoo. german anuvaad 1533maan hens skote dwara strasbergma prakashit karvaamaa aavyo hato. ibna jazla anya aek krutee pann lakhee hatee, "all-minhaj phii all-adaviya all-murakkabah", (sanyojan davaaoni paddhati), jeno anuvaad jambolinus dwara karvaamaa aavyo hato aneey lattin anuvaadmaa teey sibis aeta medicine symplicibus tareeke odakhaato hato. islamma parivartit thayaa baad, temane islamni prashansa karvaa aneey khristi aneey judism parr teeka karvaa maate kruteeo lakhee hatee.

ibn jazla aboo allie yahya ibn isaa ibn jajala all-baghdadi yaa ibn jajala (), jise lettin mein buhahyaliha bingezla key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, 11veen shatabdi key baghdad key ack arab chikitsak they aur regimen parr ack prabhaavshaali granth key lekhak they, jiska anuvaad 1280 esvi mein cicilian yahudi chikitsak faraz bayne salem dwara lattin mein kiya gayaa thaa. jeevani. ibn jajala kaa janm baghdad mein isai nestorian maataa-pitaa seey huaa thaa. unhone 1074 mein islam mein dharmaantaran kiya. 1100 mein aboo allie ibn all-valeed all-maghribi key sanrakshan mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. kaam kartaa haye. unake "takwim all-abdan phee tadbir all-insan" ("dyspositio corporum dee constitution hominis, tacquin agritudinum"), jaisa kii naam seey pataa chalata haih jinn taalikaon mein khagoliya taalikaon mein taaron kii tarah rogon koo vyavasthit kiya gayaa haye, unakaa lattin mein anuvaad kiya gayaa thaa. ack kahani haye joe kahati haye kii vaha charlemen key chikitsakon mein seey ack they aur unhone baad vaale key ukasaave parr "table" yaa "tacquin" likhaa thaa. iss kahani kii koee aitihaasik neenv naheen haye jaba taka kii ibn jajala kaa janm dou shataabdiyon pahale naheen huaa thaa, kyonki vaastav mein, sharlman 814 taka samrat thaa. tacquin kaa anuvaad yahudi faraz bayne saleem dwara kiya gayaa thaa aur lattin sanskaran 1532 mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. ack german anuvaad 1533 mein strasberg mein hains skote dwara prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. ibn jajala ney ack aur kaam bhee likhaa, "all-minhaz phee all-adaviya all-murakkaba", (yaugik davaaon kii paddhati), jiska anuvaad zambolinus dwara kiya gayaa thaa aur jise lattin anuvaad mein sibis aitt medicine symplicibus key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. islam mein parivartit hocker, unhone islam kii prashansa karate hue aur isai dharm aur yahudi dharm kii aalochana karate hue kaary likhe.

ibn jajla abu allie yahya ibn isa ibn jajla all-baghdadi athawa ibn jajla (), buhahiliha bingejala endu lattin bhasheyalli kareyalpaduva, 11neey shatamaanada baghdadna arab vaidya mattu cree. shaa. shaa cicilian yahoodi vaidya faraz benn salem avarinda lattin bhaashege anuvaadisalpatta shaasanada mele prabhavashali granthada lekhakaraagiddaru. jivanacharitre. ibn jajla baagdaadnalli christian nestorian poshakarige janisidaru. aata aata islaange mataantaragondanu. abu allie ibn all-valid all-magribia margadarshanadalli margadarshanadalli aata marana hondidanu. kelasa maaduttaane. avana "takwim all-abdan phii tadbir all-inson" ("dysposicio karporam dii constitution hominis, takuin agritudinum"), hesare suchisuvanteh rogagalannu khagola koshtakagalallina nakshatragalante jodisalaada koshtakagalannu lattin bhaashege anuvaadisalaagide. aata charlemagneya vaidyaralli obbaraagiddaru mattu aata charlemagneya prachodaneyinda "table" athawa "tacuin" annu baredaru endu heluva ondu katheyide. ibn jajla eradu shatamanagala hinde janisada horatu ee kathege yaavude aitihaasika adipayavilla, ekendare vaastavaagi, charlemagne 814 ravarege chakravartiyagiddaru. takuin annu yahoodi faraz benn saleem anuvaadisidaru mattu lattin aavruttiyannu 1532 ralli prakatisalaayitu. german anuvaadavannu 1533 ralli hannes scoat strasburgnalli prakatisidaru. ibn jajla avaru mattondu krutiyaada "all-minhaz phii all-advia all-murakkaba" (samyukta aushadhigala vidhana) vannu baredaru, idannu jambolinus bhashantarisidaru mattu lattin anuvaadadalli idannu cbs ett medicines symplicibus endu kareyalaayitu. islaange matantaragonda aata islamna bagge prashamse vyaktapadisi mattu christian dharma mattu judaism annu teekisi krutigalannu baredaru.

ibnu jasla abu alii yaahya ibnu isaa ibnu jasla alle baghdadi allengil ibnu jaslah (), buhahiliha bingasla ennu laattin bhashayil ariyappedunna addeham pathinonnam noottaandile baghdadile arab vaidyan 1280 ll sisilian jootha vaidyanaaya faraj benn salem laattinilekk vivarthanam cheytha rejimenekkurichulla swaadheenamulla oru grandhatthinte rachayithaavumaayirunnu. jeevacharitram. baghdadil kristhyan nestoriyan maathaapithaakkalkk ibnu jasla janichu. 1074ll addeham islaamilekku parivartthanam cheyyappettu. 1100ll abu alii ibnu alle-valid alle-magribiyude samrakshanathil addeham marichu. jolie cheiyunnu. addehathinte "takvim alle-abdan phii tadbir alle-insan" ("dispositio korpparam dii konstityooshan hominis, takuin agrithudinam"), peru soochippikkunnathu polen jyotishaasthra pattikakalile nakshathrangaleppole rogangal krameekarichirikkunna pattikakal laattinilekk vivarthanam cheyyappettu. chalmagneyude doctormaaril oraalaayirunnu addeham ennum randaamathethinte prachodanatthil addeham "tableukal" allengil "tacquin" ezhuthiyathaayum parayunna oru kathayundu. rund noottaandukalkku munbu ibnu jasla janichillengil eee kathaykku charitraparamaaya aditharayilla, kaaranam yadhaarthathil, 814 vare chalmaine chakravartthiyaayirunnu. tacquin joothanaaya faraj benn salim vivarthanam cheyyukayum laattin pathipp 1532 ll prasidheekarikkukayum cheythu. oru jarmman vivarthanam 1533 ll hans scott strasburgill prasidheekarichu. jambolinus vivarthanam cheythathum laattin vivarthanathil sibis ettu medisins symplisibus ennariyappedunnathumaaya "alle-minhaj phii alle-adviya alle-murakkaaba" (samyuktha marunnukalude reethishaasthram) enna mattoru kruthiyum ibnu jasla ezhuthi. islaamilekku parivartthanam cheyyappetta addeham islaamine prashamsikkukayum kristhumathatheyum joothamathatheyum vimarsikkukayum cheythukondu kruthikal ezhuthi.

ibn jazla aboo allie yahya ibn isa ibn jazla all-baghdadi kinwa ibn jazla (), jyala letinmadhye buhahiliha bingejala asey mhanatat, haah 11 vya shatkatil bagdadcha arab vaidya aanee shasanpaddhativaril prabhavshali granthacha lekhak hota, jyache isavi sunn 1280 madhye cicilian jyoo chikitsak faraz baine salem yanni lattinmadhye bhashantar kele hote. charitra. ibn jazalacha janm baghdad yethe khrishchan nestorian palakanpasun jhaala. tyane 1074 madhye islam dharm swikarla. aboo allie ibn all-valeed all-magharibichya dekharekhikhali 1100 madhye tyacha mrutyu jhaala. kaam karate. navapramanech, tyache "takvim all-abdan phii tadbir all-insan" ("dyspositio corporum dii constitution hominis, takin agritudinum"): jyaa sarnyanmadhye rog khagolshastriy sarnyanmadhil sarnyanmadhil mandanyat aale aahet, tyanche lattinmadhye bhashantar karnyat aale. eka katha aahe jyat asey mhatale aahe qee too sharlemenchya doctoranpaiki eka hota aanee tyane nantarchya vyaktichya preranene 'table' kinwa 'taquin' lihile. ibn jazalacha janm done shatakanpurvi jhaala nahee toparyant yaa kathecha konatahi aitihasik paya nahee, kaaran kharey tarr, sharlman 814 paryant samrat hota. taquinche bhashantar jyoo faraz baine saleem yanni kele hote aanee lattin aavrutti 1532 madhye prakashit jhaali hotee. eka german anuvad 1533 madhye hans skote yanni strasberg yethe prakashit keela hota. ibn jazla yane 'all-minhaz phii all-adviya all-murakkaba' (sanyug aushadhanchi karyapaddhati) heey aanakhi eka pustak lihile, jyache bhashantar jambolinasane kele hote aanee lattin anuvadat teey 'sibis ett medicine symplicibus' mhanoon olakhale jaat hote. islammadhye dharmantarit houn tyane islamchi stutee karnyasathi aanee khrishchan aanee jude dharmavar teeka karnyasathi pustake lihili.

ibna jajala abu alie yahya ibna isa ibna jajala all-baghdadi wa ibna jajala (), jaslai lettinma buhahiliha bingejla bhanera chininchha, 11 aun shatabdika bagadadka arab chikitsak thie rar cicilian yahudi chikitsak faraz bayne salemdwara 1280 iswima latinma anuwad garieko regimenma prabhawashali granthaka lekhak thie. jiwani. ibna jajla bagadadma isai nestorian amababubata janmeka thie. unle sann 1074 maa islam dharma grahan gare. unko mrityu sann 1100 maa abu 'alie ibna all-walid all-magaribiko sanrakshanma bhayo. kaam garchha. unko "takwim all-abdan fee tadbir all-insan" ("dispositio karporem day constitution hominis, takuna agritudinum"), namle sanket garejhainh tableharu jasma rogharu khagoliya talikaharuma tara jastai wyawasthit chhan, latinma anuwad garieko thiyo. tyahan euta katha chha jasma uni charlemenka chikitsakharu madhye ek thie rar unle pachhilloko preranama "table" wa "taquin" lekhe. ibna jajalako janma dui shatabdi pahile nabhaesamma yass kathako kunai aitihasik adhar chhaina, kinki wastawma, sharlman 814 samma samrata thie. takunlai yahudi faraz bayne salimle anuwad gareka thie rar lattin sanskaran 1532 maa prakashit bhaeko thiyo. ek german anuwad 1533 maa hans skotedwara strasbergma prakashit bhaeko thiyo. ibna jajlale arko kaam pani lekhe, "all-minhaz fee all-adviya all-murakkaba", (yaugik aushadhiharuko paddhati), jaslai zambolinusle anuwad gareko thiyo rar lattin anuwadma sibis att medicine simplicibusko rupma chininthyo. islamma pariwartit bhaera, unle islamko prashansa gardai rar isai dharma rar yahudi dharmako alochana gardai kritiharu lekhe.

ibn jazla abu aali jahya ibn isha ibn jajla all-baghdadi kimba ibn jajla (), jahanku letinare buhahiliha bingejala bolly kuhajae, 11shaa shatabdir baghdadar jane arab chikitsaka ebong 1280 masihare cecilian ihudi chikitsaka faraz bayne salemnka dwara laatinare anubadita eka prabhabasali nibandhara lekhaka thile. jeebani. ibn jazla bagadadare khristian nestorian pitamatanka thaaru janmagrahana karithile. shay 1074 masihare islam dharma grahan karithile. aabu 'allie ibn all-walid all-magaribinka tatwabadhanare 1100 masihare tankara mrutyu hoithila. kaama kare. taanka "takawim all-abdan phi tadbir all-insan" ("dispositio corporem dii constitution hominis, taquin agritudinam"), naama anujai suchita hueh jeun saaraneere rogagudika jyotirbigyana saaraneere taaraa pari sajajaichi, lattin bhasare anubada karajaithila . eka kahani achhi jaahaa kahuchhi je shay charlamenka chikitsakamananka madhyaru jane thile ebong shay parabarteenka prarochanare "tebul" kimba "taquin" lekhithile . ehi kahanira kaunasi aitihasika muladua naahin, je parjyanta kii dui shatabdi purbaru ibn jazla janma hoinathile, kaaran bastabare, charleman 814 masiha parjyanta samrat thile. takuinra anubada ihudi faraz bayne salimanka dwara karajaithila ebong lattin sanskarana 1532 masihare prakashita hoithila. eka german anubada 1533 masihare hans skotenka dwara strasburgre prakashita hoithila. ibn jazla anya eka rachna madhya lekhithile, "all-minhaz phi all-adwiaa all-murakkaba", (jougika oushadhara paddhati), jaahaa zambolins dwara anubada karajaithila ebong lattin anubadare cbs ebong oushadha simplicibus bhabare janashuna . isalaamaku dharmantarita hoi shay islamar prashansa curry ebong khristian ebong judaijamaku samalochana curry rachna karithile.

iban jazla aboo allie yahya iban isaa iban jazal all-bagdadi jaan iban jazlah (), jiss noon latini witch buhahila bingezla kiha jaanda haii, 11veen sadee daa baghdad daa arab doctor see atey 1280 eesvi witch cicilian yahudi doctor faraaj baine salem duaara lattin witch anuvad keete gaye ikk prabhavshali granth daa lekhak see. jeevani. iban jazla daa janam baghdad witch isai nestorian maapiaan dey gharr hoiaa see. uss neey 1074 witch islam kabool qarr liaa see. uss dee maut 1100 witch aboo allie iban all-valeed all-maghribi dee nigrani heth hoee see. kamm karda haii. uss daa "takweem all-abdan faaee tadbir all-insan" ("dyspositio corporum dee constitution hominis, takuin agritudinum"), jiven kii naam toon pataa chalda haiyav table jiss witch bimariaan noon khagol sambandhi table witch taariaan wang vivasthit keeta giaa haii, daa anuvad latini witch keeta giaa see. ikk kahani haii joe kahindi haii kii uh charlemen dey doctor sunn atey unhan neey baad vaale dey ishaare 'teey "table" jaan "taquin" likhiaa see. iss kahani dee koee itihasak neenh naheen haii jadon takk kii iban jazla daa janam doou sadiaan pahilan naheen hoiaa see, kiunki asal witch, charlemen 814 takk samrat see. taquin daa anuvad yahudi faraaj baine saleem duaara keeta giaa see atey latini sanskaran 1532 witch prakashit keeta giaa see. ikk german anuvad 1533 witch hannes skote duaara strasberg vikhe prakashit keeta giaa see. iban jazla neey ikk horr rachna, "all-minhaj phee all-advia all-murakkabah" (mishrit davaiaan dee vidhi) vee likhi, jisda anuvad gembolins duaara keeta giaa see atey latini anuvad witch iss noon sibis atey davaiaan symplicibus vajon janhiaa jaanda see. islam witch parivartit hoow keey, usne islam dee parshansa curran atey isai dharam atey yahudi dharam dee alochna curran laee rachnavan likhiaan.

ibna jazla abu allie yahya ibn isaa ibn jajlaa all-bagadadi athavaa ibn jazlaa (), lettin bhashayam buhahiliha bingezla iti namna prasidhah, 11 shataabdyaah baghdad-nagarasya arab-vaidyah aasit, tathaa cha shaasanavishaye prabhaavashaali-granthasya lekhakah aasit, yasya anuvaadah saa. sha. 1280 tame varshe cicilian-yahoodee-vaidyah faraaj benn salem ityanena lattin-bhashayam krutah. jeevanacharitram. ibn-jazlaa ityayam baghdad-nagare christian-nestorian-matapitrubhyaha ajayata. saha 1074 tame varshe islaam-matam sveekrutavaan. saha 1100 tame varshe abu 'allie ibn all-valeed all-magribi ityasya samrakshane mrutah. karyam karoti. tasya "takwim all-abdan fee tadbeer all-insan" ("disposicio kaarporam day constitution hominis, takuyin agritudinam"), naam eva soochayati, yatra rogaah khagoliya-saranishu nakshatrai iva vyavasthitaah santi, te saaraneeh lattin-bhashayam anuvaaditaah. ekaha kathaa asti yasmin saha chaarlamen ityasya vaidyeshu anyatamah aasit, tathaa cha tasya prerane "tables" athavaa "takuyin" iti alikhat iti kathyate. asya kathayaha aitihaasikah adharaha naasti yaavat ibn-jazlaa ityasya janma shataabdyoh poorvam naa abhavat, yatah vastutah chaarlamen 814 varshaparyantam samraajnah aasit. takuyin ityasya anuvaadah jyoo-faraaj-benn-saleem ityanena krutah, lattin-samskaranam cha 1532 tame varshe prakaashitam. german-bhashantaram 1533 tame varshe huns-scott ityanena strasberg-nagare prakaashitam. ibn jajlaa ityeshah "all-minhaaj fee all-adviyaa all-murakkaba" (yaugika-aushadhanam paddhatihi) iti anyam api grantham likhitavaan, yasya anuvaadah zambolinus ityanena krutah, lattin-bhashantarasya bhashantarasya krute sibis ett-medicinus simplicibus iti namna prasidhah aasit. islaam-matam sveekrutya, saha islaam-matasya prashamsaam krutvaa, christian-matasya, judaayisam cha vimarshee cha krutayah likhitavaan.

ipnu jasla abuu alii yahya ipnu izaa ipnu jasla all-bhagtati allathu ipnu jasla (), latheen mozhiyil buhahiliha bingesla endru azhaikkappadubavar, 11 aam noottraandin bhaakthaaththin arabu maruthuvar mattrum kibi 1280 aam aandil sisiliya yootha maruthuvar faraz penn salaem enbavaraal latheen mozhiyil molipeyarkkappatta kattamaippu kuriththa selvaakkumikka katturaiyin aasiriyar aavaar. vaazhkkai varalaaru. ibin jasla bhaakthaaththil christhava nestorian pettroarukku piranthaar. avar 1074ill islaam mathaththirku maarinaar. abuu alii ibin all-vaalit all-makribiyin paathukaappin keezh 1100ill iranthaar. vaelai seikirathu. avarathu "thakvim all-abdhan phii tatpir all-inson" ("dysphosicio carborum dii constitutionay hominis, daguin agridudinum"), peyar kurippiduvathu poala vaniel attavanaigalil ulla natchaththiranggalaip poala noaikal amaikappatta attavanaigal, latheen mozhiyil mozhipeyarkkappattana. chaarlamaen maruththuvargalil oruvaraana avar, chaarlamaen thoonduthalin paeril "attavanaigal" allathu "tacquin" endru ezhuthinaar endru oru kadhai ullathu. irandu noottraandugalukku munbu ibin jasla piranthaalozhiya inthak kadhaikku varalaattru adiththalam illai, aenentraal unmaiyil, chaarlamaen 814 varai beararasaraaga irunthaar. ducquin yootharaana faraz penn saleem enbavaraal mozhipeyarkkappattathu mattrum latheen pathippu 1532 ill veliyidappattathu. oru jerman mozhipeyarppu 1533 ill strasparkil hohns scotte enbavaraal veliyidappattathu. ipnu jasla mattroru padaippaana "all-minhaj phii all-advia all-murakaba" (kalappu marunththugalin murai) endra noolaiyum ezhuthinaar, idhu jambolinasal mozhipeyarkkappattathu mattrum latheen mozhipeyarppil sibis mattrum marunththugal symplicipus endru azhaikkappattathu. islaam mathaththirku maariya avar, islaaththaip pugazhnthu, christhuvam mattrum yootha mathaththai vimarsiththu padaippugalai ezhuthinaar.

ibn jajla abu allie yahya ibn isaa ibn jajla all-baghdadi ledhaa ibn jajla (), buhahiliha bingejala anie laatinlo pilustaaru, 11va sataabdapu arab vaidyudu baghdad mariyu saasanampai prabhaavavantamaina grandham rachayita, dheenini 1280loe sisilian yoodu vaidyudu faraz benn salem laatinloki anuvadinchaaru. jeevita charitra. ibn jajla baghdadlo kraistava nestorian tallidandrulaku janminchaadu. athanu 1074loe islam matamloki maaradu. athanu aboo 'allie ibn all-valid all-magribi aadhvaryamlo 1100loe maraninchaadu. pani chestundi. athani "takwim all-abdan phi tadbir all-inson" ("dyspositio karporam dii constitution hominis, takuin agritudinum"), paeru suuchimchinatlugaah khagola pattikalloni nakshatraala maadirigaa vyaadhulu amarchabadina pattikalu, laatinloki anuvadinchabaddaayi. charlemagne vaidyulalo ayana okadani, ayana prerepanato "pattikalu" ledhaa "takuin" vraasaadani cheppe katha undhi. ibn jajla rendu sataabdaala kritam janminchakapothe eee kathaku chaaritraka punaadi ledhu, endukante vaastavaaniki, charlemagne 814 varaku chakravartigaa unnadu. takuinnu yoodu faraz benn saleem anuvadinchaaru mariyu latin samskarana 1532loe prachurinchabadindi. german anuvaadam 1533loe straceberglo hohns skotte prachurinchaaru. ibn jajla maroka rachana, "all-minhaz phi all-advia all-murakkaba" (mishrama aushadhaala paddati) nuu kooda raasaaru, dheenini zambolinus anuvadinchaaru mariyu latin anuvaadamlo sibis ett medicines symplicibus anie pilustaaru. islam matamloki maarina ayana islaamnu prasamsistuu, kraistavatvam, yoodamataanni vimarsistuu rachanalu raasaaru.

aban jazlah aboo alee yaahiya aban eisi aban jazlah albaghdadi yaa aban jazlah ()yee jasay laatini mein behehliya bangezlah kahaa jaataa hay 11 wein sadee kay baghdad kay arab mualij aur tarz amal parr eek baasir maqalay kay masnaf thay jiss kaa laatini mein 1280 eiswi mein sasliyayi yahudi mualij faraaj bunn saleem nay tarjumah kiyaa thaa. sawanah umri. aban jazlah baghdad mein eisayi nestoriyayi waldeen kay haan paida hoay thay. iss nay 1074 mein islaam qabool kiyaa. 1100 mein aboo alee aban alwaleed almagharibi kii sarparasti mein iss kaa inteqal hawaa. kaam kartaa hay. inn kaa "takweem alabdan faa tadbir alnisaan" ("disposive karporam ddee consty teution homains tacoin agretodenum")yee jaisa kahh naam say zahir hotaa hay: wah table jinn mein beemariyon kuu falkiyati tables mein sataron kii tarah tartib diyaa jaataa hay kaa laatini mein tarjumah kiyaa gayaa thaa. eek kahaani hay jiss mein kahaa gayaa hay kahh wah sharlimeen kay doctoron mein say eek thaa aur iss nay baad kay ashtaal parr "tables" yaa "tacoin" likhaa thaa. iss kahaani kii koyee tarikhi bunyaad nahein hay jabb takk kahh aban jazlah duu sadiyon pehley paida naha how keunkah darhaqiqat sharlimeen 814 takk shahanshah thaa. tacoin kaa tarjumah yahudi faraaj bunn saleem nay kiyaa thaa aur laatini warzan 1532 mein shaye hawaa thaa. eek german tarjumah 1533 mein strasberg mein huns scootay nay shaye kiyaa thaa. aban jazlah nay eek aur kaam bhee likhaa "ill-manhaj fayee ill-adviah ill-marqabah"yee (markab adviyaat kaa tariqah kaar)yee jiss kaa tarjumah jambolans nay kiyaa thaa aur asay laatini tarjumah mein seebs aur adviyaat kay naam say jaana jaataa thaa. islaam qabool kartay huay iss nay islaam kii tareef kartay hoay aur eisaiyat aur yahudiyat parr tanqeed kartay hoay kaam likhay.

00022b76f5e1dd14fc445c788f2790c5422ab1c0e0c4d101a8409aafebcbfbb6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=302784

Steuben Glass Works

Steuben Glass Works American art glass manufacturer Steuben Glass is an American art glass manufacturer, founded in the summer of 1903 by Frederick Carder and Thomas G. Hawkes in Corning, New York, which is in Steuben County, from which the company name was derived. Hawkes was the owner of the largest cut glass firm then operating in Corning. Carder was an Englishman (born September 18, 1863) who had many years' experience designing glass for Stevens & Williams in England. Hawkes purchased the glass blanks for his cutting shop from many sources and eventually wanted to start a factory to make the blanks himself. Hawkes convinced Carder to come to Corning and manage such a factory. Carder, who had been passed over for promotion at Stevens and Williams, consented to do so. In 1918, Steuben was acquired by Corning Glass Works and became the Steuben Division. In July 2008, Steuben was sold by Corning Incorporated for an undisclosed price to Schottenstein Stores, which also owns 51% of Retail Ventures, a holding company for DSW, Filene's Basement, and formerly Value City Department Stores; Value City Furniture, which changed its name to American Signature Furniture; 15% of American Eagle Outfitters, retail liquidator SB Capital Group, some 50 shopping centers, and 5 factories producing its shoes, furniture and crystal. On September 15, 2011, Schottenstein announced it was shutting down Steuben's Corning factory and Manhattan store, ending the company's 108-year history. Soon after, Corning Incorporated repurchased the Steuben brand. In early 2014, The Corning Museum of Glass announced that it would work with independent contractors to reproduce Steuben using a new, lead-free formula and their classic leaded crystal. Carder period (1903-1932). Steuben Glass Works started operation in October 1903. Carder produced blanks for Hawkes and also began producing cut glass himself. Carder's great love was colored glass and had been instrumental in the reintroduction of colored glass while at Stevens and Williams. When Steuben's success at producing blanks for Hawkes became assured, Carder began to experiment with colored glass and continued experiments that were started in England. He soon perfected Gold Aurene which was similar to iridescent art glass that was being produced by Tiffany and others. Gold Aurene was followed by a wide range of colored art glass that eventually was produced in more than 7,000 shapes and 140 colors. Steuben Glass Works continued to produce glass of all sorts until World War I. At that time war time restrictions made it impossible for Steuben to acquire the materials needed to continue manufacture. The company was subsequently sold to Corning Glass Works and became the Steuben Division. Carder continued as Division manager without any real change in the company's operation except that he now had reporting responsibilities to Corning Glass Works' management. Corning's management tried, mostly unsuccessfully, to limit the articles that Steuben made to only the most popular. Production continued until about 1932. In 1932, there was a major change in Steuben management. The nationwide depression had limited the sale of Steuben and there was a lessening of public interest in colored glass. In February 1932, John MacKay was appointed to Carder's position. Carder became Art Director for Corning Glass Works. Steuben then produced primarily colorless art glass. Steuben still produced colored art glass, but mostly to fill special orders. A few new colors were added after Carder transitioned into his new role with Corning Glass Works, but the last known sale for colored art glass by Steuben was in 1943. Houghton period (1933–2012). Corning Glass Works appointed Arthur A. Houghton Jr. as President in 1933, and under his leadership Steuben changed artistic direction toward more modern forms. Using a newly formulated clear glass developed by Corning (referred to as 10M) which had a very high refraction index, Steuben designers developed beautiful, fluid designs. Pieces such as Gazelle Bowl, designed by Sidney Waugh incorporated Art Deco and modernist themes into glass. The themes during this period included "balustrade" designs for water goblets and candlesticks, footed bowls and serving pieces. Decorative forms included wildlife pieces representing owls, penguins and other birds in smooth stylistic forms. Some pieces, such as the Ram's Head Candy Dish, playfully included clean lines crowned by an ornate design (a ram's head, complete with a ruff) on the lid as an homage to its classic earlier pieces. The company also entered into the field of larger show and presentation pieces celebrating various scenes (such as its cut-away design featuring an Eskimo ice fisherman above the ice, and the fish below, or the Cathedral Window design) and elements that incorporated etchings. In some cases sterling silver or gold plating were used on metal finish elements such as the golden "fly" atop the nose of a rainbow trout. Each piece is signed simply with "Steuben" on the underside of the object. Toward the 1990s, the company also began production of small objects—"hand coolers"—in various animal shapes. Items from this period were also noted for their careful and elegant packaging. Before boxing, each Steuben piece was placed in a silver-gray flannel bag (stitched with the Steuben name), and then placed in a presentation box. Designers. Many highly respected glass designers have worked for Steuben Glass, including: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> Notes. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> References. <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />

stewben glaxor kaam stewben glaax hoise aamerikar etaa kolaa kaach nirmata, jitu 1903 sonor grishmokalot frederic carder aaru thomas ji-ror dwara protistha koraa hoisil. neworkor korningto thoka hoh 'koch, jitu stewben countyt aase, jaar poraa companytur naamtu aahoron koraa hoisil. tetiya korningto kaam koraa ataitkoi dangor kaat glaax protisthanor maalik aasil hoh 'koch. carder ejon ingraj aasil (jonmo 18 septembor, 1863) jaar englandot stevens aaru uiliamsor baabe kaach design korar bohu bosoror obhigyota aasil. hoh 'kese teur kotaa dukanor baabe kasor khaali thaibur bohutu utxor poraa kroy korisil aaru owoxexot khaali thaibur nijei toiyar koriboloi etaa karkhana aarombho koribo bisarisil. hoh 'kese carderok korningloi aahi ene etaa karkhana porisalona koriboloi preron koraisil. stevens aaru uiliamsot podunnotir baabe porasto huwa cardere ene koriboloi xonmoti jonaisil. 1918 sonot corning glaax workche stewben odhigrohon korisil aaru stewben xakhat porinot hoisil. 2008 sonor july maahot, corningor dwara stewben sko 'tenstein sto' roloi ek oghuxito mulyot bikri koraa hoisil, ji di. ess. dobliu.-ror baabe etaa holding company, philinor basement, aaru purbote mulyo thoka chiti department sto 'roxomuhor 51 xotangxor maalik; mulyo sohoror aasbabo, ji iyar naam aamerikan swakhyorito aasbaboloi xoloni korisil; aamerikan eegol outfirmer, khusura liquidater ess. bi. capital groopor 15 xotangxo, pray pray bojar kendro, aaru iyar jutaa, aasbabo aaru sfotik utpadon koraa koraa karkhana. 2011 sonor 15 septemborot sko 'tensteine ghuxona korisil je ee stewbenor corning karkhana aaru menhaton sto' ror bondho kori dise, jaar folot companytur 108 bosoriya itihaxor onto porise. iyar kichu xomoyor pisote corning-e stewben brendtu punor kroy korisil. 2014 sonor aarombhonite, corning museum owo glaxe ghuxona korisil je ee ek notun, xixa-mukto xutro aaru teulukor classic xixa sfotik byobohar kori stewben punor projonon koriboloi swotontro thikadaror xoite kaam koribo. carder xomoikal (1903-1932). 1903 sonor octobor maahot stewben kasor kaam aarombho hoisil. cardere hoh 'korr baabe khaali thaai toiyar korisil aaru nijei kotaa kaach utpadon koriboloi aarombho korisil. carder mohan prem aasil rongin kaas aaru stevens aaru uiliamsot thokar xomoyot rongin kaas punor proborton korat guruttopurno bhumika paalon korisil. jetiya hoh 'korr baabe khaali thaai utpadonot stewbenor xofolota nischito hoisil, cardere rongin kasor xoite porikhya-nirikhya aarombho korisil aaru englandot aarombho huwa porikhyaxomuh obyahot rakhisil. teu oti xunkalei tiffeny aaru onyanyoxokole prostut koraa iridescent art glaxor dore xunor orin nikhut korisil. xunor oh 'rinor pisot ek bistrito porixoror rongin kolar kasor sristi hoisil jitu owoxexot owoxexot odhik aakriti aaru 140 rongot utpadon koraa hoisil. prothom biswojudholoike stewben kasor kambure xokolu dhoronor kaach utpadon obyahot rakhisil. xei xomoyot juddhor xomoyot thoka ximabodhotar folot stewbene utpadon obyahot rakhiboloi proyujoniyo xamogri aahoron koratu oxombhob kori tulisil. poroborti xomoyot companytu corning glaax workcholoi bikri koraa hoisil aaru ee stewben xakhat porinot hoisil. cardere companytur karjyot kunu prokrito poriworton nuhuwakoi bibhag byowosthapok hisape obyahot rakhisil, kintu etiya teur corning glaax workchor byowosthaponar dayitwor protibedon aasil. corningor porisalonor dwara besibhagei bifol hoi, stewbene toiyar koraa xamogrixomuh kewol ataitkoi jonopriyo bostuburote ximabodho korar chesta koraa hoisil. pray 1932 sonoloike utpadon obyahot aasil. 1932 sonot stewben byowosthaponat ek guruttopurno poriworton aahisil. dexbyapi oboxador folot stewbenor bikri ximito hoi porisil aaru rongin kasor proti jonoxadharonor aagroh hraax paisil. 1932 sonor februaryt john mekek carder podot nijukti diya hoisil. carder corning kasor kaamor baabe kolaa porisalok hoisil. taar pisot stewbene mulotoh rongohin kolar kaach utpadon korisil. stewbene tetiyau rongin kolar kaach utpadon korisil, kintu besibhagei bixex order puron koriboloi. cardere corning kasor kaamor xoite teur notun bhumikaloi poriworton huwar pisot keitaman notun rong jug koraa hoisil, kintu stewbene rongin art glaxor baabe xexor baabe bikri korisil 1943 sonot. hoh 'tot' noo xomoikal (1933-2012). corning glaxor kambure aarthar e-koo nijukto korisil. hoh 'tot' noo juniyor. 1933 sonot rastropoti hisape aaru teur netritwot stewbene odhik aadhunik rupor proti kolatmok dix xoloni korisil. corningor dwara bikoxito etaa notunkoi prostut koraa clear glaax (10 mitter buli kuwa hoy) byobohar kori jaar oti uscho protiworton xusok aasil, stewben designorxokole xundor, torol design bikoxito korisil. sidney waahe design koraa gazel baulor dore tukurabure art deku aaru aadhunikbadi bixoybostubur kasot ontorbhukto korisil. ei xomoisuwat bixoibostuburor bhitorot aasil panir goblet aaru mumbatir bortup, bhorir baati aaru poriwexon koraa tukurar baabe "belustrade" design. alongkarik rupburor bhitorot pesa, penguin aaru onyanyo soraiburok moxrin xoiligot rupot protinidhitwo koraa bonyopranir tukura ontorbhukto aasil. kisuman tukura, jene bherar muror mistannor byonjon, iyar classic aagor tukuraburor proti sroddhanjoli hisape dhaknat ek olongkrito design (etaa bherar muur, rafor xoite xompurno) rere mukolikoi poriskar xaari ontorbhukto korisil. companytuwe bibhinno drishyo udjapon koraa brihot swo 'aaru prodorxonor khetrotu prowex korisil (jene iyar kaat-ewe designot borphor uporot ejon eskimu borphor masmoriya, aaru tolor maach, baa cathedral wind' design) aaru upadanbur ji khudit koraa ontorbhukto korisil. kisuman khetrot rainbu troutor naakor uporot thoka xunali "maakhi" ror dore dhaatur xomapti upadanxomuhot starling rupali baa xunor lape byobohar koraa hoisil. protitu tukurat bostur tolor faale "stewben" ror xoite kewol swakhyor koraa hoy. 1990-ror doxokor faale companytuwe bibhinno pranir aakritir xoru xoru bostu-"hend kulaar"-ror utpadon aarombho korisil. ei xomoyor xamogrixomuh teulukor xabodhan aaru marjeet packagingor babeu bikhyat aasil. boxingor aagote, protitu stewben tukura etaa rupali-dhurar flanel begot (stewbenor naamor xoite xelai koraa) rokha hoisil, aaru taar pisot etaa presentation bakchot rokha hoisil. designorxokol. bohutu oti xonmaniyo kaach designore stewben kasor baabe kaam korise, jaar bhitorot aaseh

stewben glasser kaaj steuben glasses ekti american art glasses prostutkarok, jaa 1903 saaler grisse fredrick carder ebong thomas zii dwara protisthito hoyechilo. neu iyarker corning-ayee hocks, jaa steben kauntite abosthito, jekhan theke companyr namti udbhuto hoyechilo. tokhon corning-ayee kaaj koraa brihottomo cutt glasses firmer malik chhilen hocks. carder chhilen ekjon ingrez (jonmo 18ee septembara, 1863), jini stevens ebong uiliamser jonno glasses design korar bohu bochorer obhiggota orjon korechilen. bajra taar cutter dokaner jonno onek utso theke kacher fanka jaiga kinechilo ebong shesh porjonto khaali jaiga toiri korar jonno ekti karkhana shuru korte cheyechilo. bajra carderke corningye eshe eyi dharaner ekti karkhana porichalona korte raji koriyechilo. stevens ebong uiliamse padonnatir jonno pusses koraa carder taa korte sommoto hohn. 1918 saale, corning glasses works dwara stewben adhigrahan koraa hoy ebong stewben bibhage porinoto hoy. 2008 saaler julai maase, corning dwara stewben ekti aprokashito mulye shottenstein storegulite bikri koraa hoy, jaa khuchro uddoger 51 shotangsher malik, dii. esha. dobleeu-err jonno ekti holding sangostha, phillin-err basement ebong purbe mulya city department store; mulya shohorer asbabpatra, jaa taar naam poriborton korey american swakkhar asbabpatra; american eegol outfitter, khuchro liquidator esbi capital group, pray 50 tii shopping center ebong taar juto, asbabpatra ebong sphotik utpadonkari 5 tii karkhana. 2011 saaler 15ee septembara, skottenstein ghoshana corren jey taaraa stewbener corning karkhana ebong manhatoner dokan bondho korey dichche, jaa companyr 108 bochorer itihaser abosan ghotiyeche. err porpori, corning stewben brandti punra kiney neyo. 2014 saaler godar dike, corning museum off glasses ghoshana korey jey etty ekti notun, seesa-mukto sootro ebong taader classic seesa sphotik byabohar korey stewben punarutpadan korar jonno swadhin thikadarder saathe kaaj korbe. carder period (1903-1932). 1903 saaler octobore stewbener kacher kaaj shuru hoy. carder baajer jonno fanka jaiga toiri korten ebong nize kaata kacher kaajo shuru korten. carder prochondo bhalobasa chhilo rongin cutch ebong stevens ebong uiliamse thakakalin rongin kacher punra probortone sahayak chhilo. jokhon baajer jonno fanka jaiga toirite stewbener safalya nischito hoy, tokhon carder rongin cutch niye porikkha-nirikkha shuru corren ebong englande porikkha-nirikkha chaliye zaan. tini shighroi sonara orin nikhunt corren jaa tiffany ebong annannoder dwara utpadito iridescent art glasser anurup chhilo. sonara orin porey rongin shilp kacher ekti bistrito porisor toiri koraa hoyechilo jaa shesh porjonto 7,000 akaar ebong 140 ronge toiri hoyechilo. prothom bishwojuddho porjonto steubener kacher kaaj sobb dharaner kacher utpadon abyahoto rekhechilo. seii somoye juddher somoy bidhinishedher karone steubener pokkhe utpadon chaliye yawar jonno prayojaniya upokoron orjon koraa asambhab hoye porechilo. companity porobortikale corning glasses workser kachhe bikri koraa hoy ebong etty stewben bibhage porinoto hoy. carder companyr kriyakalape konao prokrito poriborton chharai bibhag byabosthapok hisabe abyahoto chhilen, tobey ekhon corning glasses works porichalonar dayitto taanr chhilo. corning-err porichalona beshirbhag khettrei byartho hoye, stewben jey jinisguli toiri korechilo segulike cable sabcheye janapriya ponnogulite seemaboddho korar chesta korechilo. 1932 saal porjonto utpadon abyahoto chhilo. 1932 saale, stewben byabosthaponay ekti borh poriborton ghote. deshbyapi bishannata stewbener bikroike seemaboddho korey diyechilo ebong rongin kacher proti jonosadharoner agroho hrass peyechilo. 1932 saaler februaryte, john myake carder podey nijukto hohn. carder corning glasser kaajer jonno shilp porichalok hoyechilen. erpor steuben prathomikbhabe bornohin shilp cutch toiri korey. steuben tokhono rongin shilp cutch toiri korten, tobey beshirbhagi bishesh order puron korar jonno. carder corning kacher kaajer saathe taar notun bhumikai rupantarita howar porey koyekti notun rongo jukto koraa hoyechilo, tobey stewbener rongin shilp kacher jonno shesh porichito bikroy chhilo 1943 saale. hotton period (1933-2012). corning glasses works arthar ayee-keey nijukto korey. heuton junior. 1933 saale rashtrapati hisabe ebong taanr netritte steben arow adhunik rooper dike shoilpik dick poriborton korechilen. corning dwara toiri ekti notun toiri porishkar cutch byabohar korey (10 mitter hisabe ullekh koraa hoy) jaar ekti khub uchcho protisoron suchak chhilo, stewben designerra sundar, torol naksha toiri korechilen. sidney oyahar naksha koraa gezel butty-rawr moto tukroguli kacher modhye art deco ebong adhunik thimgulike antarbhukta korechilo. eyi somoyer thimgulir modhye chhilo joler bottle ebong mombati, payer butty ebong poribeshon korar jonno "ballastrade" design. alongkarik rupgulir modhye pencha, penguin ebong mosrino shoiligoto akare anyanno pakhir protinidhittokari bonnoprani tukroguli antarbhukta chhilo. kichhu tukro, jemon vedar mathar candy thaala, err classic ager tukrogulir proti shroddha janate ddhaknate ekti alangkrito naksha (ekti vedar matha, ekti ruff diye sampurna) dwara mukut koraa porishkar lineguli kheladhula antarbhukta korechilo. companity bivinno drishya udjapon korey brihottor prodorshoni ebong uposthapona tukrogulir khettreo probesh korey (jemon borofer upore ekjon eskimo baraf jele ebong neecher machh, baa cathedral windo design) ebong upadanguli jaa khodai antarbhukta korey. kichhu kichhu khettre starling sylver baa gold plating dhatu finnis upadan jemon rangdhanur trouter naaker upore sonara "machhi"-teey byabohar koraa hoto. protiti tukro bostur nicher dike "stewben" diye swakkhorito hoy. 1990-err doshke, companity bivinno prani akritir chhoto jinis-"hanned cooler"-utpadon shuru korey. eyi somoyer jinisguli taader jatnashil ebong marjit packagingyer jonnou porichito chhilo. boxingyer agey, protiti stewbener tukro ekti rupali-dhusar flannel byage (stewbener naam diye selai koraa) rakha hoto ebong tarpore ekti uposthapona baxe rakha hoto. designer. onek atyanta sommanito cutch designer stewben kacher jonno kaaj korechen, jaar modhye royeche

steeben glass works stewben glass aee american aart glass utpaadak chhe, jenee sthaapnaa sthaapnaa unalama fredarika carder aneey thomas jee. dwara karvaamaa aavee hatee. corning, newyorkma hoakes, jeey stewben kaauntimaa chhe, jemathi companynu naam levaamaa aavyu hatoo. hoakes teey samaye corningma kaaryarat sauthee motee qata glass pedhhinaa maaleek hataa. carder aek angrej hataa (janm 18 september, 1863) jaimne englandma stevens aneey williams maate kaach design karvaano ghanaa varshno anoobhav hato. hoxae temnee kaapvani dukan maate kaachnee khaalee jagyaao ghanaa strotomathi khareedi hatee aneey aakhare khaalee jagyaao jaate banaavvaa maate aek factory sharoo karvaa maangtaa hataa. hoakes carderne corningma aavvaa aneey aavaa karkhaanaanu sanchalan karvaa maate sahmat karey chhe. stevens aneey williams khaate badhatee maate pasaar karaayela cardrey aama karvaa maate sammatee aapee hatee. hatee, steebenne corning glass works dwara hastgat karvaamaa aavyu hatoo aneey teey steeben vibhag bunny gayoo hatoo. julai julai, steebenne corning dwara scottenstein storsene aghoshit bhaave vechvaamaa aavyu hatoo, jeey retail saahasma 51 takaa hisso dharaave chhe, dii. aesa. doubleu. maate holding kampani, feeleenna bhonyarama aneey agau moolya dharaavtaa ciity department stores; moolya shaher furniture, jene tenu naam badaline american signature furniture karyoo; american igal outfitters, retail liquidator aesa. bii. capital groupnaa 15 takaa, lagbhag 50 shopping centres aneey tenaa jutaa, furniture aneey sfatiknu utpaadan kartaa 5 factoryo. 15 september, september roj, skotenstene jaaherat curry hatee keey teey steebenni corning factory aneey manhutton store bundh curry rahee chhe, jenaathi companyna 108 varshnaa itihaasno anta aavee gayo chhe. toonk samayma, corninge steeben brandnee punahkharidi curry. curry sharuaatmaa, kaachnaa corning museume jaaherat curry hatee keey teey navaa, lead-free sootra aneey temnaa classic leedvala sfatikno upyog kareene steebennu prajanan karvaa maate swatantra thekedaaro saathe kaama karashe. carder samaygaalo (1903-1932). stewben kaachnu kaama october october sharoo thayu. cardrey hoakes maate khaalee jagyaaonu utpaadan karyoo aneey pote pann qata kaachnu utpaadan karvaanu sharoo karyoo. carderno mahaan prem rangeen kaach hato aneey stevens aneey viliyamsamaa rangeen kaach fareethi rajoo karvaamaa teey mahatvapurn bhoomika bhajavato hato. jyaare hoakes maate khaalee jagyaao banavvama steebenni safalataa sunishchit thaee tyaare cardrey rangeen kaach saathe prayog karvaanu sharoo karyoo aneey englandma sharoo thayela prayogo chaalu rakhyaa. temane toonk samayma gold orenne paripurn karyoo jeey tiffany aneey anya loko dwara utpaadit karvaamaa aavtaa iridescent aart glass jevu jaj hatoo. gold oren pachhi rangeen aart glassnee vishaal shrenee aavee jeey aakhare 7,000 thee vadhu aakaaro aneey 140 rangomaa banavvama aavee hatee. pratham vishvyuddh sudhee steeben kaachnaa kaamo tamaam prakaarnaa kaachnu utpaadan kartaa rahyaa. teey samaye yuddhnaa samaynaa pratibandhoae steeben maate utpaadan chaalu raakhvaa maate jaroori samagri melavvaanu ashaky banaavi didhu hatoo. tyarbad companyne corning glass varkne vechvaamaa aavee hatee aneey teey stewben vibhag bunny hatee. cardrey companyni kaamgirima koee vaastavik ferfar karyaa vinaa division manager tareeke kaama chaalu raakhyu sivaay keey havey temnee paase corning glass varknaa sanchaalanni javabdario hatee. corningna managemente, motaabhaage asafal prayaas karyo, stewbene banaavela lekhone maatra sauthee vadhu lokpreey banaavtaa lekho sudhee maryadit karvaano. utpaadan lagbhag 1932 sudhee chaalu rahyu. februari, stewben vyavsthaapanmaa moto ferfar thayo hato. rashtravyapi mandeeae steebennu vechaan maryadit curry didhu hatoo aneey rangeen kaachmaa jaaher hitmaan ghataado thayo hato. februari februari, john mackene cardernaa pada parr niyukt karvaamaa aavyaa hataa. carder corning glass varqa maate aart director banyaa. tyarbad steebene mukhyatve rangheen qalaa kaachnu utpaadan karyoo hatoo. stewbene haju pann rangeen aart glassnu utpaadan karyoo hatoo, parantu mote bhaage khaas order bharvaa maate. cardrey corning glass varqa saathe temnee navee bhoomikama parivartan karyaa pachhi ketlaak navaa rango umervaamaa aavyaa hataa, parantu steeben dwara rangeen aart glass maate chhellu jaanitu vechaan 1943 maan thayu hatoo. hautan samaygaalo (1933-2012). corning glass works arther aee. neey niyukt karey chhe. hautan juniyar. juniyar pramukh tareeke, aneey temnaa netrutva hethal steebene vadhu aadhunik swarupo taraf kalaatmak disha badalee. corning (jene 10 meater tareeke odakhvaamaa aave chhe) dwara vikasavvama aavela navaa ghadvama aavela spasht kaachno upyog kareene, jemaa khoob jaj uncho refraction index hato, steeben designaro sunder, pravaahi design vikasavi. sidnee voo dwara design karaayel gazell baul jevaa tukadaoma aart deko aneey aadhuniktavadi theemsne kaachmaa saamel karvaamaa aavyaa hataa. aaa samaygaalaa darmiyan vishhayoma paaninaa pinaan aneey meenbattio, pagvala baul aneey pirasvaanaa tukadao maate "bailstrade" designno samaavesh thaay chhe. sushobhan svarupomaa ghuvad, panguin aneey anya pakshionu pratinidhitva kartaa vanyajeevanna tukadaaono samaavesh thaay chhe. ketlaak tukadao, jaim keey ghetaana maathaani candy vaangee, tenaa classic agaauna tukadaaone shraddhaanjali tareeke dhhaankan parr sushobhit design (ghetaanu maathu, ruff saathe purn) dwara taaj paherelee swachchh rekhaaono ramatiyaad reete samaavesh karey chhe. kampaniae viveedh drashyoni ujavani kartaa motaa pradarshan aneey prastutinaa kshetramaa pann pravesh karyo (jaim keey barafnee upar eskimo baraf maachhimaar darshaavati tenee qata-away design, aneey neecheni maachhali, athavaa cathedral vindo design) aneey aevaa ghatako keey jemaa kotaraneeno samaavesh thaay chhe. ketlaak kissaaomaa sterling silver athavaa gold plattingno upyog metal finish tatvo parr karvaamaa aavto hato jaim keey meghadhanush troutnaa naaknee upar golden "fly". darek tukadaane objectnee neecheni bajuae "steeben" saathe sahee karvaamaa aave chhe. chhe daaykaa taraf, kampaniae viveedh praniona aakarma naanee vastuo-"hanned coolers"-noon utpaadan pann sharoo karyoo. aaa samaygalani vastuo temnaa savchetibharya aneey bhavya packaging maate pann jaaniti hatee. boxing pahelaa, darek steeben tukadaane silver-grey flannel bagg (steeben naam saathe silai) maan mukvaamaa aavto hato, aneey pachhi presentation boxmaan mukvaamaa aavto hato. designers. ghanaa atyant aadarneey kaach designaro steeben kaach maate kaama karyoo chhe, jemaa nichenaano samaavesh thaay chheh

steben glass kaam kartaa haye steben glass ack americi kalaa kaanch nirmaata haye, jisaki sthaapana 1903 kii garmiyon mein fredrick carder aur thomas jee dwara kii gaee thee. corning, newyork mein hocks, joe steben county mein haye, jisase company kaa naam liya gayaa thaa. hocks sabse badee cutt glass firm key malik they joe taba corning mein kaam karati thee. carder ack angrej they (janm 18 sitambar, 1863) jinhen ingland mein stevens aur williams key liye kaanch design karane kaa kaee varshon kaa anubhav thaa. baazon ney kaee sroton seey apani kaatane kii dukaan key liye kaanch key rikt sthaan khareede aur antatah rikt sthaan khud banaane key liye ack karkhana shuru karna chaahte they. baajon ney carder koo corning mein aaney aur iss tarah key karkhane kaa prabandhan karane key liye aashvast kiya. carder, jinhen stevens aur williams mein padonnati key liye paarit kiya gayaa thaa, ney aisaa karane key liye sahamati vyakt kii. 1918 mein, steben koo corning glass works dwara adhigrahit kiya gayaa thaa aur yeh steben division bunn gayaa thaa. julaai 2008 mein, steben koo corning dwara scottenstein stores koo ack agyaat moolya parr becha gayaa thaa, joe khudra udyamon kaa 51 pratishat bhee rakhta haye, dee. aiss. doubleu. key liye ack holding company, phillin key tahakhaane, aur poorv mein moolya shahar vibhaag key store; moolya shahar furniture, jisane apana naam badalkar americi hastakshar furniture curr diyaa; 15 pratishat americi eagle outfitters, khudra parisamaapak aiss. bee. capital group, kuchh 50 kharidari kendra, aur isake joote, furniture aur chrystal kaa utpaadan karane vaale 5 karkhane. 15 sitambar, 2011 koo, scottenstein ney ghoshana kii kii vaha steben key corning karkhane aur mainhattan store koo bund curr rhaa haye, jisase company kaa 108 saal kaa itihas samaapt hoe gayaa. isake turant baad, corning ney steben brand koo phir seey kharida. 2014 kii shuruat mein, kaanch key corning sangrahalaya ney ghoshana kii kii vaha ack nae, seesa-mukt sootra aur unake classic seese vaale chrystal kaa upayog karke steben koo punah utpann karane key liye swatantra thekedaaron key saath kaam karega. carder avadhi (1903-1932). steben kaanch key kaam kaa sanchaalan octuber 1903 mein shuru huaa. carder ney baazon key liye rikt sthaan kaa utpaadan kiya aur khud cutt glass kaa utpaadan bhee shuru kiya. carder kaa bahut pyaar rangeen kaanch thaa aur stevens aur williams mein rangeen kaanch key punah parichay mein mahatvapurna bhoomika nibhai thee. jaba baazon key liye rikt sthaan key utpaadan mein steben kii safalata sunishchit hoe gaee, tou carder ney rangeen kaanch key saath prayog karna shuru curr diyaa aur ingland mein shuru kiye gaye nirantar prayogon koo jaari rakhaa. unhone jald hii soney key aurine koo paripurna curr diyaa joe kii tiffany aur anya logon dwara utpaadit kiye jaa rahey iridescent art glass key samaan thaa. gold auren key baad rangeen kalaa kaanch kii ack vistrit shrinkhala kaa utpaadan kiya gayaa joe antatah 7,000 seey adhik aakaron aur 140 rangon mein utpaadit kiya gayaa. pratham vishva yuddh taka steben kaanch key kaam sabhi prakaar key kaanch kaa utpaadan jaari rakhaa. usa samay yuddh key samay pratibandhon ney steben key liye nirmaan jaari rakhane key liye aavashyak samagri praapt karna asambhav banaa diyaa thaa. company koo baad mein corning glass works koo betch diyaa gayaa aur yeh steben division bunn gayaa. carder ney company key sanchaalan mein kissy bhee vaastavik badalaav key binaa division manager key roop mein jaari rakhaa, sivaay isake kii abb unake paas corning glass works key prabandhan kii jimmedaari thee. corning key prabandhan ney una lekhon koo seemit karane kii koshish kii, joe jyaadaatar asafal rahey, joe steben ney kewal sabse lokpriya banaae they. utpaadan lagbhag 1932 taka jaari rhaa. 1932 mein, steben prabandhan mein ack badaa badalaav aaya. rashtravyapi avasaad ney steben kii bikri koo seemit curr diyaa thaa aur rangeen kaanch mein janata kii ruchi cumm hoe gaee thee. farwari 1932 mein, johnn maike koo carder key pada parr niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. carder corning glass key liye kalaa nirdeshak bunn gaye. steben ney taba mukhya roop seey rangheen kalaa kaanch kaa utpaadan kiya. steben ney abhee bhee rangeen kalaa kaanch kaa utpaadan kiya, lekin jyaadaatar vishesh aadeshon koo bharane key liye. carder dwara corning glass key saath apani naee bhoomika mein parivartit honey key baad kuchh nae rung jode gaye, lekin steben dwara rangeen kalaa glass key liye antim gyaat bikri 1943 mein hui thee. hutton avadhi (1933-2012). corning glass works ney arther aeye koo niyukt kiya. hyootan junier. 1933 mein rashtrapati key roop mein, aur unake netritva mein steben ney adhik aadhunik roopon kii or kalaatmak disha badal dee. corning dwara vikasit ack nae taiyar kiye gaye spasht kaanch (jise 10 meater key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa haye) kaa upayog karke, jisamen bahut uchch apavartan soochkaank thaa, steben designers ney sunder, taral design vikasit kiye. sidney vau dwara design kiye gaye gajel baul jaise tukadon mein art deco aur adhuniktawadi vishayon koo kaanch mein shamil kiya gayaa thaa. iss avadhi key dauran vishayon mein paani key gubbare aur mombattiyon, pairon vaale katore aur parosane vaale tukadon key liye "ballstrade" design shamil they. sajawati roopon mein vanyajeev key tukade shamil they joe chikane shally key roopon mein ullu, penguin aur anya pakshiyon kaa pratinidhitva karate they. kuchh tukade, jaise kii raam key sir kii candy dish, mein dhakkan parr ack alankrit design (ack raam kaa sir, ack ruff key saath puuraa) dwara mukut pahane hue saaf rekhaaen shamil theen, joe isake classic pahale key tukadon koo shraddhanjali key roop mein theen. company ney vibhinn drishyon kaa jashn manaane vaale badey show aur prastuti tukadon key kshetra mein bhee pravesh kiya (jaise kii burf key oopar ack eskimo burf machuaare kii visheshta vaale isake cutt-away design, aur neeche kii machhali, yaa cathedral vindo design) aur aise tatva joe etching koo shamil karate hain. kuchh mamalon mein sterling silver yaa gold plating kaa upayog dhaatu key finish tatvon parr kiya jaataa thaa jaise kii indradhanush trout kii naak key oopar golden fly. pratyek tukade parr vastu key neeche "steben" key saath hastakshar kiye jaate hain. 1990 key dashak mein, company ney vibhinn pashu aakaron mein chhoti vastuon-"haind coolers"-kaa utpaadan bhee shuru kiya. iss avadhi kii vastuon koo unaki saavdhaanipoorvak aur suruchipurna packaging key liye bhee jaanaa jaataa thaa. mukkebaji seey pahale, pratyek steben tukade koo ack silver-gray flannel bagg (steben naam key saath silvaya gayaa) mein rakhaa jaataa thaa, aur phir ack prastuti boxes mein rakhaa jaataa thaa. designer. kaee atyadhik sammaanit kaanch designers ney steben kaanch key liye kaam kiya haye, jinamen shamil hainh

steaben gaajina kelasagalu steaben glass americada kalaa gaajina tayaaraka kampaniyagiddu, idannu 1903rahra besigeyalli frederic carder mattu thamus zii. avaru sthaapisidaru. steaben kountiyalliruva corning, newyoarknalliruwa haxninda kampaniya hesarannu padeyalaagide. aaga corningnalli kaaryanirvahisuttidda atidodda cutt glass samstheya maalikaraagiddaru. carder obba inglish vyaktiyagiddu (janana september 18,1863) englendnalli stevens mattu viliyamsgaagi gaajannu vinyaasagolisida aneka varshagala anubhavavannu hondiddaru. hocks tanna kattarisuva angadige gaajina khaali jagagalannu aneka moolagalinda khareedisidaru mattu antimavagi khaali jagagalannu swatah tayaarisalu karkhaneyannu prarambhisalu bayasidaru. corninge bandu antaha karkhaneyannu nirvahisalu hocks carderge manavarike maadikottaru. stevens mattu viliyamsnalli badtigaagi paas maadalaada carder, haage maadalu wappikondaru. 1918ralli, steeban annu corning glass works swadhinapadisikonditu mattu idu steeban vibhaagavaayitu. julai 2008ralli, steebanannu corning samstheyu scottenstein maligegalige bahirangapadisada belege marata maaditu, idu shekada 51rashtu chillare udyamagalannu hondide, dii. ess. doubleu., phileen basement mattu hindina moulyada city department storgala hiduvali kampani; moulya nagara pithopakaranagalu, idu tanna hesarannu american signature pithopakaranagalendu badalaayisitu; 15 pratishata american eegal outtputargalu, chillare liquidator ess. bii capital group, sumaru 50 shopping centergalu mattu adara bootugalu, pithopakaranagalu mattu sphatikagalannu utpaadisuva 5 kaarkhaanegalu. september 15,2011 randu, scottenstein avaru steben corning karkhane mattu manhatton angadiyannu muchchuttiruvudaagi ghoshisidaru, idu kampaniya 108 varshagala itihaasavannu konegolisitu. shighradalle, corning steaben brand annu marukhareedi maaditu. 2014rahra aarambhadalli, corning museum off glass, hosa, seesa-mukta sootra mattu avugala shreshtha seesa sphatikavannu balasikondu steeban annu punarutpaadisalu swatantra guttigedaararondige kelasa maaduvudaagi ghoshisitu. carder awadhi (1903-1932). steaben gaajina kelasagalu 1903rahra octobernalli karyacharaneyannu praarambhisidavu. carder gidugagalige khaali jagagalannu tayaarisidaru mattu swatah kattarisida gaajannu utpaadisalu praarambhisidaru. carderge bannada gaajina mele apaaravaada preeti ittu mattu stevens mattu viliyamsnalliddaaga bannada gaajina marupraarambhadalli idu pramukha patra vahisittu. gidugagalige khaali jagagalannu utpaadisuvalli steben yashassu khachitavaadaaga, carder bannada gaajina prayogavannu praarambhisidaru mattu englendnalli praarambhavaada prayogagalannu munduvarisidaru. aata shighradalle tiffany mattu itararu utpaadisuttidda varnavaividhyada kalaa gajinanteye iruva chinnada aaren annu paripoornagolisidaru. chinnada aaren nantara vyapaka shreniya bannada kalaa gaajannu antimavagi 7,000 kkoo hecchu aakaaragalu mattu 140 bannagalli utpaadisalaayitu. modalaneya mahayuddhadavaregu steaben gaajina kelasagalu ellah reetiya gaajina utpaadaneyannu munduvaresidavu. aaa samayadalli yuddhada samayada nirbandhagalu steebange utpaadaneyannu munduvarisalu agatyavaada vastugalannu padeyuvudu asaadhyavaagisidavu. ee kampaniyannu taruvaaya corning glass worksge marata maadalaayitu mattu idu steaben vibhaagavaayitu. carder avaru eega corning glass works nirvahanege varadi maaduva javaabdaarigalannu hondiddaru embudannu horatupadisi kampaniya karyacharaneyalli yaavude nijavaada badalaavaneyillade vibhagada vyavasthaapakaraagi munduvaredaru. corningna aadalitavu, hechchaagi viphalavaada, steaben tayaarisida vastugalannu atyanta janapriyavaadavugalige maatra simitagolisalu prayatnisitu. utpaadaneyu sumaru 1932ravaregoo munduvareyitu. 1932ralli, steeban nirvahaneyalli dodda badalaavaneyaayitu. rashtravyapi arthika kusitavu steeban maaraatavannu simitagolisittu mattu bannada gaajina bagge saarvajanika hitasaktiyu kadimeyaayitu. 1932rahra phebravariyalli, zaan mackey avarannu carder huddege nemisalaayitu. carder corning gaajina kelasagalige kalaa nirdeshakaraadaru. nantara steaben prathamikavagi bannarahita kalaa gaajannu tayaarisidaru. steaben innoo bannada kalaa gaajannu tayaarisuttiddaru, aadare hechchaagi vishesha aadeshagalannu tumbalu. carder corning gaajina kelasagalondige tanna hosa patrakke parivartanegonda nantara kelavu hosa bannagalannu serisalaayitu, aadare steaben avaru bannada art glassge koneyadaagi 1943 ralli marata maadidaru. houton awadhi (1933-2012). corning glass works annu orther aa. endu nemisalaayitu. houton junier. 1933ralli adhyaksharaagi, mattu avara naayakatvadalli steaben hecchu aadhunika roopagalatta kalaatmaka dikkannu badalaayisidaru. corning abhivraddhipadisida hosadaagi roopisalaada spashta gaajannu balasi (10 mea endu kareyalaaguttade) idu hecchina vakreebhavana soochyankavannu hondittu, steaben vinyaasakaru sundaravaada, dravada vinyaasagalannu abhivraddhipadisidaru. sidney vaa vinyaasagolisida gajel baulnantaha tunukugalu art deco mattu adhunikatavadi vishayagalannu gaajinalli alavadisikondavu. ee avadhiya vishayagalu neerina bataligalu mattu menadabattigalu, paadada battalugalu mattu badisuva tunukugaligaagi "ballastrade" vinyaasagalannu olagondiddavu. alankaarika rupagalalli goobegalu, pengvingalu mattu itara pakshigalannu nayavaada sailiya rupagalalli pratinidhisuva vanyajeevi tunukugalu seriddavu. tagara taleya mithai khadyadantaha kelavu tunukugalu, adara hindina classic tunukugalige gouravaarpane needuva saluvaagi mucchalakke alankruta vinyaasadinda (tagara taleyu, rafninda poornagondide) kireetavannu dharisiruva svachchavaada rekhegalannu tamaasheyaagi olagondiddavu. kampaniyu vividha drashyagalannu aacharisuva dodda pradarshana mattu prastuti tunukugala kshetravannu praveshisitu (udaaharanege manjugaddeya mele eskimo ais meenugaranannu olagonda adara cutt-away vinyasa, mattu kelagina meenu, athawa cathedral vindo vinyasa) mattu kettanegalannu olagondiruva amshagalu. kelavu sandarbhagalalli stirling belli athawa chinnada lepanavannu lohada finish amshagalaada malebillina troutna moogina mele chinnada "nona" dha mele balasalaaguttittu. prati tunukugu vastuvina kelabhagadalli "stibben" endu saralavagi sahi haakalaaguttade. 1990rahra dasakadalli, kampaniyu vividha pranigala akaragalalli sanna vastugala-"hanned cooler" gala utpaadaneyannu praarambhisitu. ee avadhiya vastugalu avugala echcharikeya mattu sogasaada packaginge hesaruvaasiyaagive. boxingge modalu, prati steeban tunukannu belliya-boodu bannada flannel chiladalli (steeban hesarinondige holiyalaaguttade) irisalaaguttittu, mattu nantara prastuti pettigeyalli irisalaaguttittu. vinyaasakaru. aneka atyanta gouravaanvita gaajina vinyaasakaru steaben gaajina kelasa maadiddaare, avugalendareh

stewben kachechi kaame steben glass haah eka american qalaa kaach utpadak aahe, jyachi sthapana 1903 chya unhalyat fredrick carder aanee thomas jee. yanni kelee. newyorkmadheel corningmadhil hocks, jeey stewben countymadhye aahe, jithun companyche naav ghetale gele. hocks heey tevha corningmadhye karyarat asalelya sarvat mothya kachechya kapanichya companyche malak hote. carder haah eka ingraj hota (janm 18 september 1863) jyala englandmadhye stevens aanee williamsburober kaach tayar karnyacha anek varshancha anubhav hota. bajunni tyachya kapanichya dukanasathi kachechi rikt jaaga anek strotankadun kharedi kelee aanee akheris rikt jaaga swatah tayar karnyasathi karkhana suru karayacha hota. bajunni carderla corningmadhye yeuun asha karkhanyache vyavasthapan karnyas patvoon dile. stevens aanee williams yethe padonnatisathi paas jhalelya carderne tase karnyas sammati dilee. 1918 madhye, steben corning glass worksdware adhigrahit karnyat aale aanee steben vibhag banala. julai 2008 madhye, stebenchi vikri corningne scottenstein stoarsna adnyat kimmatila kelee, jyanchyakade 51 takke kirkol upkramanchi malki aahe, dii. ess. doubleu. sathee eka holding company, phillins talghar aanee purviche moolya shahar vibhag stoars; moolya shahar furniture, jyane tyache naav badaloon american signature furniture kele; american eagle outfittersche 15 takke, kirkol liquidator ess. bii. capital group, sumare 50 kharedi kendre aanee tyache boot, furniture aanee chrystal tayar karnare 5 karkhane. 15 september 2011 roji, scottenstein companycha 108 varshancha itihas sampushtat aanat, teey steebencha corning karkhana aanee manhattenche dukan bund karat asalyachi ghoshana kelee. tyanantar lagechach, corningne steben brand punha kharedi keela. 2014 chya suruvatila, kachechya corning sangrahalayane jaheer kele qee teey naveen, shise-mukt sootra aanee tyanchya abhijat shiseyukt sphatik vaparoon stewbenche punarutpadan karnyasathi swatantra kantratdaransobat kaam kartil. carder kalavadhi (1903-1932). aktoobar 1903 madhye stewben kachechya kamachi suruvat jhaali. carderne bajansathi rikt jaaga tayar kelya aanee swatah kapalelya kacheche utpadanahi suru kele. carderche mothe prem rangeet kaach hote aanee stevens aanee williams yethe asatana rangeet kachechya punarpravartanat tyacha mahattvapoorn vaataa hota. jevha stewbenla bajansathi rikt jaaga tayar karnyat yash midale tevha carderne rangeet kachesah prayog karnyas suruvat kelee aanee englandmadhye suru jhalele prayog suru thewale. tyane lavkarach sonyache aurine paripoorn kele jeey tiffany aanee itaranni tayar kelelya indradhanushya qalaa kachasarkhe hote. sonyachya aurinanantar rangeet qalaa kachechi vistrut shreni tayar jhaali jee akheris 7,000 hoon adhik aakar aanee 140 ranganmadhye tayar kelee gelee. pahilya mahayuddhaparyant stewben kachechya kamanmadhye serve prakarchya kachechi nirmiti suru hotee. tyaa velee yuddhakalin nirbandhanmule stewbenla utpadan suru thevanyasathi aavashyak sahitya midvane ashakya jhaale. tyanantar hii company corning glass worksla vikali gelee aanee tee stewben vibhag bunley. carderne companychya kamkajat konatahi vastavik badal naan karata vibhag vyavasthapak mhanoon kaam suru thewale, fakt aata tyachyakade corning glass workschya vyavasthapanachya jababdarichi nond hotee. corningchya vyavasthapanane, bahutek vela ayashasvi tharoon, stewbenne banavalelya vastoo keval sarvat lokpriy vastunparyant maryadit thevanyacha prayatna keela. 1932 paryant utpadan chaloo rahile. 1932 madhye, stewben vyavasthapanamadhye motha badal jhaala. deshvyapi mandine stewbenchi vikri maryadit kelee hotee aanee rangeet kachebaddalche lokanche heet qamee jhaale hote. februwari 1932 madhye, carderchya padavar johnn mackay yanchi niyukti karnyat aalee. carder corning kachechya kamansathi qalaa digdarshak banale. tyanantar stewbenne pramukhyane rangheen qalaa kaach tayar keela. stewben ajunahi rangeet qalaa kaach tayar karat asey, parantu mukhytah vishesh aurder bharnyasathi. carderne corning kachechya kamanmadhye tyachya naveen bhoomiket sankraman kelyanantar kahee naveen rung jodale gele, parantu stewbenne rangeet qalaa kachesathi shevatchi vikri 1943 madhye kelee hotee. hautan kalavadhi (1933-2012). corning glass worksney arther aii. chee niyukti kelee. hyootan junier. 1933 madhye rashtradhyaksh mhanoon aanee tyanchya netrutvakhali steben yanni adhik aadhunik swarupankade kalatmak disha badalali. atishay uchch apavartan nirdeshank asalelya corningne (10 meater mhanoon sandarbhit) vikasit kelelya navyane tayar kelelya spasht kachecha vapar karoon, stewben designersney sunder, drav rachana vikasit kelya. sidney wanney tayar kelelya gazelle baulsarkhya tukadyanmadhye aart deco aanee aadhuniktavadi sankalpana kachemadhye samavisht kelya aahet. yaa kalatil sankalpananmadhye panyachya gathee aanee menbattya, payanchi vadga aanee serve karnyachya tukadyansathi 'ballstrade' rachana samavisht hotya. sajavatichya prakaranmadhye ghubad, pengwin aanee itar pakshyanche pratinidhitva karananya vanyajeevanchya tukadyancha gulgulit shailitil swarupat samavesh hota. mendhyachya dokyachya candichya padarthasarkhya kahee tukadyanmadhye, tyachya purvichya abhijat tukadyanna shraddhanjali mhanoon jhakanavar alankrut rachanene (mendhyache doke, raffane purn) mukut ghatalelya swachchh resha khelkarpane samavisht kelya hotya. companyne vividh drushyancha utsav sajra karananya mothya pradarshan aanee sadarikarananchya kshetrat dekhil pravesh keela (jase qee barfachya varr eskimo burf masemar aanee khalee asalele maase kinwa cathedralchya khidakichi rachana darshavinari tyachi cutt-away rachana) aanee korivkam samavisht karnare ghatak. kahee prakarananmadhye indradhanushya troutchya nakavar soneri "mashee" yasarkhya dhatuchya purnank ghatkanvar sterling chandi kinwa sonyache lape vaparale jaat asat. pratyek tukadyavar vastoochya khalchya bajula fakt 'stewben' saha swakshari kelee jaate. 1990 chya dashakat, companyne vividh pranyanchya aakarat lahan vastoo-'hand cooler' chey utpadan dekhil suru kele. yaa kalatil vastoo tyanchya kaljipurvak aanee mohak packagingsathi dekhil prasiddha hotya. mushtiyuddhapurvi, pratyek stewben tukada chandichya-rakhadi flannel pishavit (stewbenchya navasah shivalela) thewala jaat asey aanee nantar sadarikaran peteet thewale jaat asey. designer. anek atyant aadaraniy kachechya designersney stewben kachesathi kaam kele aahe, jyat khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh

stewben glass karyaharu steben glass ek americi kala gillas nirmata how, june 1903 ko garmima fredrick carder rar thomas zee dwara sthapit garieko thiyo. curning, nyu yorkama hocks, june stewben countyma chha, jahanbata companyko naam liieko thiyo. hocks karningma sanchalan hune sabaibhanda thulo cutt glass farmaka malik thie. carder ekjana angrej thie (janma september 18,1863) jaslai englandma stevens rar williamska lagi gillas design garne dherai warshako anubhav thiyo. haxle afno katne pasalka lagi dherai srotaharubata kanchka khali thaaunharu kineka thie rar antatah khali thaaunharu afai banauna karkhana suru garna chahanthe. haksharule carderlai karningma auna rar yasto karkhana wyawasthapan garna wishwasta parey. stevens rar williamsma padonnatiko lagi pass garieko carderle tyaso garna sahamati die. sann 1918 maa, stabenlai curning glass workdwara adhigrahan garieko thiyo rar steben division banyo. july 2008 maa, steben karningle scottenstein storeharuma agyat mulyama becheko thiyo, jasko khudra udyamko 51 pratishat swamitwa chha, diesdablu, filinko tahkhana, rar pahile mulya city department storeharuka lagi ek holding company; mulya city furniture, jasle yasako naam americi hastakshar furniturema pariwartan garyo; 15 pratishat americi igal outfitters, khudra parisamapak sb rajdhani samuha, kehi 50 kinmail kendraharu, rar yasako jutta, furniture rar crystal utpadan garne 5 karkhanaharu. september 15,2011 maa, scotensteinle companyko 108 warshako itihas samapta gardai, stewbenko curning karkhana rar manhattan store banda garne ghoshana garyo. tyasko lagattai, karningle stewben brand punah kharid garyo. sann 2014 ko suruma, curning museum aff glassle ghoshana garyo kii yasale nayan, sisa-mukta sutra rar tiniharuko classic sisa crystal prayog garera stewben punah utpadan garna swatantra thekedarharusanga kaam garnechha. carder awadhi (1903-1932). stewben gilasko kaam october 1903 maa suru bhayo. carderle haxka lagi khali thaaunharu utpadan gare rar afai cutt glass utpadan garna thale. carderko thulo prem rangin gillas thiyo rar stevens rar williamsma hunda rangin gilasko punah parichayama sahayak thiyo. jab haxka lagi khali thaaunharu utpadan garnama stewbenko safalta sunishchit bhayo, carderle rangin gillas rar englandma suru garieka nirantar prayogharusanga prayog garna thale. unle chaandai sunko orenilai siddha gare june tiffany rar anyale utpadan gariraheko iridescent art glass jastai thiyo. sunko orena pachhi rangin kala gilasko ek wistrit shrinkhala thiyo june antatah 7,000 akar rar 140 rangharuma utpadan garieko thiyo. pahilo vishwayuddhasamma steben glassko kamle sabai prakarka gillas utpadan garna jaari rakhyo. tyas samayama yuddhako samayama pratibandhaharule stewbenlai nirman jaari rakhna awashyak samagriharu prapta garna asambhawa banayo. pachhi yo company curning glass workslai bechieko thiyo rar stewben division banyo. carderle companyko sanchalanma kunai wastawik pariwartan nagari division managerko rupma jaari rakhe tara ab unisanga curning glass workko wyawasthapanko jimmewariharu report garne jimmewari thiyo. karningko wyawasthapanle prayaha asafal bhaera, stewbenle banaeko lekhharulai sabaibhanda lokapriyama matra simit garne prayas गऱ्यो।. utpadan lagbhag 1932 samma jaari rahyo. sann 1932 maa, stewben prabandhanma thulo pariwartan bhayo. rashtrawyapi awasadle stewbenko bikri simit gareko thiyo rar rangin gilasma janatako chaso cum bhaeko thiyo. february 1932 maa, john mckellai carderko padama niyukta gariyo. carder curning glasska kamharuka lagi kala nirdeshak bane. tyasapachhi stewbenle mukhyataya rangahin kala gillas utpadan gare. stewbenle ajhai pani rangin kala gillas utpadan gare, tara prayaha vishesh arderharu bharnaka lagi. carderle curning glassko kamka sath afno nayan bhumikama rupantaran garepachhi kehi nayan rangharu thapie, tara stewbendwara rangin art glasska lagi antim gyat bikri 1943 maa thiyo. hutton awadhi (1933-2012). curning glass workley arther ae niyukta gardacha. hutton junier. sann 1933 maa rashtrapatiko rupma, rar unko netritwama stewbenle thap adhunik rupharuma kalatmak disha pariwartan gare. karningdwara wiksit nayan tayar garieko spashta gillas prayog garera (10 mitter bhanera chininchha) jasma dherai uccha apawartan suchkank thiyo, stewben designerharule sunder, taral designharu vikas gare. sidney wa dwara design garieko gajel baul jasta tukraharule art deko rar adhuniktawadi vishayavastuharulai gilasma samawesh gare. yass awadhima vishayavastuharuma paniko gablet rar mombatti, khuttaka katori rar sarbhing tukraharuka lagi "ballstrade" designharu samawesh thie. sajawati rupharuma chillo shailigat rupharuma ullu, penguin rar anya charaharuko pratinidhitwa garne vanyajantu tukraharu samawesh thie. ramko taukoko candie parikar jasta kehi tukraharuma, yasako classic pahileka tukraharulai sammanko rupma dhakkanma alankrit design (ramko tauko, rafle purna) dwara mukut lagaieko safa rekhaharu khelaunako rupma samawesh garieko thiyo. companyle vibhinna drishyaharu manaundai thulo show rar prastutikaran tukraharuko kshetrama pani prawesh garyo (jastai yasako cutt-awe designma barafko mathi eskimo ais fisherman, rar talko machha, wa cathedral windo design) rar elementharu jasle ichingharu samawesh gardacha. kehi awasthama sterling chaandi wa sunko plating dhatu finish tatwaharuma prayog garieko thiyo jastai indreni troutko nakama sunaulo "fly". pratyek tukralai wastuko tallo bhagma "stewben" sanga hastakshar garieko chha. sann 1990 ko dashakma, companyle vibhinna janawarka akarma sanah wastuharu-"hanned cooler"-ko utpadan pani suru गऱ्यो।. yass awadhika wastuharu tiniharuko sawadhanipurwak rar suruchipurna packagingka lagi pani prakhyat thie. buxing aghi, pratyek stewben tukralai chaandi-khairo flannel jholama (stewben namle silai garieko) rakhieko thiyo, rar tyasapachhi prastutikaran bakasma rakhieko thiyo. designerharu. dherai uccha sammanit gillas designerharule stewben glasska lagi kaam gareka chhan, jasma samawesh chhah

stewben catch karjya stewben glass heuchhi eka americae kalaa catch nirmata, jaahaa 1903 masiha grishma ruture fredrick carder ebong thomas jii. nka dwara sthapita hoithila. nyujarkara karningare thiba hock, jaahaa stewben kauntire abasthita, jeunthiru companyra naama aasichhi. setebele karningare karjya karuthiba sarbabruhat cott glass companyra malika thile hocks. carder jane ingreja thile (janma september 18,1863) jahankara englandare stevens ebong wilijamsanka paain catch designing karibare aneka barshar abhigyata thila. hakmane aneka utsaru taanka katiba dokan paain catch khaali sthana kinithile ebong sheshare khaali sthanagudika nije tiari kariba paain eka karkhana arambha karibaku chahunthile . hakmane cardernku karningku aasi epari eka karakhanara parichalana karibaku raaji karaithile. stevens ebong wilijamsare padonnati paain passes hoithiba carder epari karibaku raaji hoithile. 1918 masihare, karning glass warks dwara stewben adhigrahan karajaithila ebong stewben divijanare parinata hoithila . july 2008 ray, karning dwara eka agyata moolyare scotenstein storeku stewben bikri karajaithila, jaahaa khuchura udyogara 51 pratishata, dii. ess. wu. paain eka holding company, phillin basement, ebong purbaru mulya city department store; mulya city asababapatra, jaahaa ehara naama paribartana curry americae signechar asababapatra; americae eagle outfaters, khuchura taralakaree ess. bii. punji gosthi, praiah 50 saping centre ebong ehara jota, asababapatra ebong sphatika utpadana karuthiba 5 tii karkhana . september 15,2011 ray, scottenstein ghoshana karithile je ehaa stewben karning karkhana ebong manhatton store banda karuchhi, jaahaa companyra 108 barshar itihasaku samapta karichhi. ehara turanta parey, karning stewben brand ku punarbara kinithila. 2014 prarambhare, karning museum off glass ghoshana karithila je ehaa swadheena thikadaranka saha mishi eka nutan, seesa-mukta sutra ebong semanankara classic seesa sphatika byabahara curry stewben punah utpadana kariba. carder abadhi (1903-1932). 1903 masiha october maasare stewben catch karjya arambha hoithila. carder hock paain khaali sthana tiari karithile ebong nije cutt catch utpadana madhya arambha karithile. cardernka mahan prem rangina catch thila ebong stevens ebong wilijamsare thiba samajare rangina kachaku punahprabartana karibare sahajaka hoithila . jetebele hock paain shunya sthana utpadanare stibennka saphalata nischita helah, carder rangina catch sahita parikhya kariba arambha kale ebong englandare arambha hoithiba parikhyana jaari rakhithile . shay khub shighra suna areenaku sampurna karithile, jaahaa tiffany ebong anyamananka dwara utpadita iridescent art glass bhali thila. gold areen parey bibhinna prakarara rangina kalaa catch tiari hoithila, jaahaa sheshare sheshare adhika aakaar ebong ebong rangare prastuta hoithila. pratham biswajudha parjyanta stewben catch karjya sabu prakarara catch utpadana jaari rakhithila. sehi samajare juddha samajare katakana jogun utpadana jaari rakhiba paain aabasyaka samagri hassel kariba stewben paain asambhaba hoijaithila. parey companyku karning glass warksku bikri karajaithila ebong ehaa stewben divijanare parinata hoithila. carder companyra karjyare kaunasi prakruta paribartana nakari divijana manager bhabare jaari rakhithile, kebala ehaa byatita je bartamana karning glass warks myanejamentare tankara dajitwa thila. karningara parichalana, adhikangshare biphal, stewben tiari karithiba samagreeku kebala sabutharu lokaprijare seemita karibaku chesta karithila . praiah 1932 masiha parjyanta utpadana jaari rahithila. 1932 masihare, stewben parichalanare eka budd paribartana hoithila. deshabyapee absad stewben bikrajaku seemita karideithila ebong rangina catch prati janasadharananka agraha hrass paithila. februari 1932 ray, zohn myakenku carder padabeere nijukta karajaithila. carder karning catch karjya paain kalaa nirdeshaka hoithile . ehapare stewben mukhyatah rangaheena kalaa catch utpadana karithile. tathapi, sweban rangina kalaa catch utpadana karuthile, kintu mukhyatah swatantra order purana kariba paain. karning catch karjya sahita carder taanka nutan bhumikaku paribartita heba parey kichhi nutan ranga jodajaithila, kintu stibenanka dwara rangina kalaa catch paain shesh janashuna bikrai 1943 ray thila . hutton abadhi (1933-2012). karning glass warks arther aii nijukta hoithile . hutton juniara. 1933 masihare rastrapati bhabe, ebong taanka netrutware stewben adhika adhunika roop prati kalatmaka diga paribartana karithile. karning dwara bikashita eka nutan prastuta hoithiba clear glass byabahara curry (10 mea bhabare janashuna) jahara eka bahuta uccha pratisarana suchakanka thila, stewben designermane sunder, tarala design bikashita karithile . sidney wanka dwara design karajaithiba gajel bull pari khanda, art deco ebong aadhunikabadee bishajabastugudiku kaachare antarbhukta karithila . ehi samai madhyare bishajabastugudika madhyare paani goblet ebong candlestic, padajukta baati ebong sarbhing piss paain "ballstrade" design antarbhukta thila . alankarika rupagudika madhyare penguina, penguina ebong anyanya pakheemananku masruna saileegata roopare pratinidhitwa karuthiba banyajantu khanda antarbhukta . keteka jinish, jepariki mendhatira munda mistanna, taa 'rahr puruna jinishaku shradhanjali swaroopa, khelprada dhangare eka alankruta design (eka mendhanka munda, eka ruff sahita sampurna) dwara mukut hoithiba sapha rekha antarbhukta karithila. company madhya bibhinna drushyaku palana karuthiba bruhata shoe ebong upasthapana khanda (jepariki ehara cott-ewe design baraf upare jane eschemo baraf matsyajeebeenku darshaithae, ebong tale maacha, kimba cathedral windo design) ebong element jaahaa khodita antarbhukta . keteka khetrare starling rupa kimba suna dhataba samapta upadan upare byabahruta heuthila jepariki eka indradhanush troutra naaka upare subarna "machhi" . pratyeka khandaku bastur tala parsware kebala "stewben" sahita dastakhat karajaichi . 1990 dashakare, company bibhinna prani aakarare chhot chhot bastu-"hanned kulara"-rahr utpadana madhya arambha karithila. ehi samaira samagreegudika madhya semanankara jatnashila ebong marjeet pyakejing paain janashuna . buxing purbaru, pratyeka stewben khandaku eka rupa-dhusara flanel byagare (stewben naama sahita silei) rakhajaithila, ebong taa 'parey eka upasthapana baxre rakhajaithila . designermane. aneka uccha sammanita catch designer stewben glass paain kaama karichanti, jeunthire antarbhuktah

steeben kacch daa kamm steeben glass ikk amriki qalaa shishe daa nirmata haii, jiss dee sathapana 1903 deeaan garmiaan witch fredrik carder atey thamas jee duaara keeti gaee see. carning, newyork witch hocks, joe kii steeben county witch haii, jiss toon company daa naam liaa giaa see. baaz sabh toon vaddi katt shishe dee company dey maalak sunn joe udon corning witch kamm karde sunn. carder ikk angrez (janam 18 satambar, 1863) see jiss noon england witch stevens atey villiams laee shishe noon design curran daa kaee saalan daa tajraba see. baazan neey aapni kattan dee dukan laee bahut saare sarotan toon shishe deeaan khaali thanvan kharidiaan atey aakharkar khaali thanvan noon khud banaun laee ikk factory shuru karna chahunde sunn. baazan neey carder noon corning aaunn atey ajihi factory daa parbandhan curran laee yakeen karvaiaa. carder, jiss noon stevens atey villiams witch tarakki laee paas keeta giaa see, neey ajiha curran laee sehmati ditti. sann 1918 witch, steeben noon corning glass works duaara haasal keeta giaa see atey ih steeben division bann giaa see. julai 2008 witch, steeben noon carning duaara ikk anailani keemat 'teey scotenstein storan noon wetch ditta giaa see, joe kii 51 pratishat prachun uddman dee malkiat rakkhda haii, dee. aiss. w. laee ikk holding company, phileen dey basement, atey pahilan mull city department store; value city furniture, jiss neey aapna naam badal keey amriki dastkhat furniture qarr ditta; 15 pratishat amriki eagle outfatter, prachun liquidator aiss. bee. capital group, kujh 50 khariddari kendra, atey iss dey jutte, furniture atey chrystal daa utpadan curran valiaan 5 faiktariaan. 15 satambar, 2011 noon, shotenstein neey ailaan keeta kii uh steeben dee carning factory atey manhattan store noon bnd qarr riha haii, jiss naal company dey 108 saalan dey itihaas noon khatam qarr ditta giaa haii. iss toon turant baad, corning neey steeben brand noon dubara kharidiaa. 2014 dey shuru witch, carning museum aaf glass neey ailaan keeta kii uh ikk navein, leed-free farmule atey uhanan dey classic leed chrystal dee varton karke steeben noon dubara paida curran laee sutantar thekedaran naal kamm karega. card dee miaad (1903-1932). steeben kacch dey kamm aktubar 1903 witch shuru hoye. carder neey baazan laee khaali thanvan daa utpadan keeta atey khud katte hoye shishe daa utpadan vee shuru keeta. carder daa bahut piaar rangeen shishe daa see atey stevens atey villiams witch rangeen shishe dee mudd shuruat witch mahattavpuran bhumika nibhai see. jadon hocks laee khaali thanvan tiaar curran witch steeben dee safalta yakini hoow gaee, taan carder neey rangeen shishe atey england witch shuru keete gaye nirantar prayogan naal prayog karna shuru qarr ditta. uss neey jaldi hii sone dee aurin noon sampuran qarr ditta joe kii tiffany atey horaan duaara tiaar keete jaa rahey iridescent aart glass dey samaan see. sone dey aurin toon baad rangeen qalaa shishe dee ikk vishal shreni see joe aakharkar 7,000 toon vaddh aakaran atey 140 rangan witch tiaar keeti gaee see. steeben kacch dey kamman neey pahile vishav yuddh takk harr kisam dey kacch daa utpadan karna jaari rakkhiaa. uss samein yuddh dey samein deeaan pabandiaan neey steeben laee nirman jaari rakkhan laee lodindi samaggari prapat karna asambhav bnaa ditta see. company noon baad witch carning glass works noon wetch ditta giaa atey ih steeben division bann gaee. carder neey company dey sanchalan witch binan kise asal tabdili dey division manager vajon kamm jaari rakkhiaa, sivaae iss dey kii hunn uss cole carning glass works dey parbandhan noon report curran deeaan zimmevariaan sunn. corning dey parbandhan neey ziaadaatar asfal koshish keeti, uhanan lekhan noon seemat curran dee joe steeben neey siraf sabh toon prasidh banaae sunn. utpadan lagbhag 1932 takk jaari riha. sann 1932 witch steeben parbandhan witch ikk vaddi tabdili aaee see. desh viaapi mandee neey steeben dee vikri noon seemat qarr ditta see atey rangeen shishe witch jantak dilchaspi ghatt hoow gaee see. farvari 1932 witch, john maike noon carder dey ahude 'teey niyukat keeta giaa see. carder corning kacch dey kamman laee qalaa nirdeshak bann giaa. steeben neey firr mukkh taur 'teey rangheen qalaa shishe daa utpadan keeta. steeben neey ajey vee rangeen qalaa shishe daa utpadan keeta, parr ziaadaatar vishesh aadeshan noon bharan laee. carder duaara carning kacch dey kamman naal aapni naveen bhumika witch tabdili toon baad kujh navein rung shamal keete gaye sunn, parr steeben duaara rangeen qalaa kacch laee aakhri jaanhi jaandi vikri 1943 witch see. hotton period (1933-2012). carning kacch dey kamm arther aii noon niyukat keeta giaa haii. hotton junier 1933 witch rashtarpati vajon, atey unhan dee agvai witch steeben neey vadhere aadhunik roopan vall kalatmak disha badal ditti. carning (jiss noon 10 meeter kiha jaanda haii) duaara vikast ikk navein tiaar keete gaye sapshat shishe dee varton kardiaan, jiss witch bahut ucch refraction index see, steeben designaran neey sunder, taral design vikast keete. sidney vaa duaara design keete gaye gazel baul varge tukdiaan witch aart deco atey aadhuniktavadi theeman noon shishe witch shamal keeta giaa haii. iss samein dauran vishiaan witch paanee dey dabbiaan atey mombattiaan, pair vaale katore atey parose jaanh vaale tukdiaan laee "ballstrade" design shamal sunn. sajawati roopan witch jangli jeevan dey tukde shamal sunn joe ulluaan, panguin atey horr panchhiaan noon nirvighan shaili dey roopan witch darsaunde hunn. kujh tukde, jiven kii bhedu dey sir dee candy dish, witch iss dey classic purane tukdiaan noon shardhanjali vajon dhakkan utte ikk alankrit design (ikk bhedu daa sir, ikk raff naal poora) duaara taaj paaiaan gaeeaan saaf lines shamal sunn. company neey vakkh-vakkh drishan daa jashan manaun vaale vadde shoa atey peshkari tukdiaan dey khetar witch vee pravesh keeta (jiven kii iss dey katte hoye design witch baraf dey uppar ikk eschemo aaees machhere dee visheshta haii, atey hethan machhi, jaan cathedral vindo design) atey uh tatt jinhan witch aiching shamal haii. kujh mamlian witch steerling silver jaan sone dee parat dee varton dhaat dey mukammal tattan jiven kii satrangi trout dey nakk dey uppar sunhiri "makkhi" utte keeti jaandi see. harek tukde utte vastu dey hethan "steeben" naal dastkhat keete jaande hunn. 1990 dey dahake witch, company neey vakkh-vakkh janwaran dey aakaar witch chhotiaan vastuaan-"haind cooler" daa utpadan vee shuru keeta. iss samein deeaan vastan noon unhan dee savdhani atey shandar packing laee vee janhiaa jaanda see. mukkebaazi toon pahilan, harek steeben tukde noon ikk silver-grey flannel baig (steeben naam naal siliaa hoiaa) witch rakkhiaa jaanda see, atey firr ikk peshkari boxes witch rakkhiaa jaanda see. designer. bahut saare bahut satikarat kacch designaran neey steeben kacch laee kamm keeta haii, jiss witch shamal hann

steeben glass kaarye steeban glass iti amerikaadeshasy kalaa-kaach-nirmaatru asti, yasya sthapana 1903 tame varshe grishmakaale fredrick carder tathaa thaamas jee. ityanena abhavat. carning, nyuyaark-nagare sthite, yah steeben-kauntee-nagare asti, yatra samsthaayaah naam praaptam. tadaa carning-madhye karyam kurvataam bruhattamasya cutt-glass-samsthaayaah swami haaks aasit. carder ekaha aanglah aasit (jananam 1863 september 18) yah england-deshe stevens-viliums-krute glass-vinyaasasya bahubhyah varshaanaam anubhavam aasit. haaks ityayam swasya cutting-shaap krute kaach-riktasthaanaani anekaih srotaambhyah krinaat, ante riktasthaanaani svayameva nirmaatum karakhana aarabhum icchati sma. haaks-janaah carder-ityetam carning-nagaram aagaty etaadrusham karakhana vyavasthaapayitum cha manyante sma. carder, yah stevens tathaa viliums ityatra padonnateh krute utteernah aasit, saha tatt kartum sammatam dattavaan. 1918 tame varshe, steeben-nagaram carning-glass-works ityanena adhigrahitam, tathaa steeben-vibhaagah abhavat. 2008 julai-maase, steeben-carning-samsthayaa scottenstein-stores-samsthaayai adnyaatamoolyen vikreeyat, yasya 51 pratishatam chillar-udyamah, dee. ess. doubleu. ityasya holding-kampanee, phileen-ityasya basement, poorvamoolyam city department-stores cha santi; velyoo city-furniture, yasya naam american signechar-furniture iti parivartitam; 15 pratishatam american-eegal-outfaters, retail-liquidator-ess. bee. kepital-group, praayah 50 shaaping-center, shoos, furniture, chrystal cha utpaadane 5 karakhanani cha santi. 2011 september 15 dinaanke, scottenstein ityanena, stibben ityasya carning-karakhana, manhatton-bhandaarah cha bandhayitum ghoshitam, yena kampenee ityasya 108 varshebhyah itihaasah samaaptah abhavat. tadanantaram sheeghramev carning-samsthayaa steeben-brand punah kreenitam. 2014 tamavarshasya aarambhe, carning-glass-sangrahaalayah, nootanam, seesam-mukttam sootram, teshaam utkrushtam seesam-chrystal ityetam cha upayujya, stewben ityasya punarutpadanartham swatantra-anubandhakaih saha karyam karishyati iti ghoshayat. carder avadhihi (1903-1932). 1903 october-maase steeben-kaach-karyani aarabdhaani. carder-varyaha huck-krute riktasthaanaani nirmitavaan, swayam cha katkashalyah utpaadanam aarabdhavaan. carder ityasya mahaan prema varnavarnah kaachah aasit, stevens-viliums-madhye varnavarnasya kachasya punah prasthaapane cha pramukhah aasit. yadaa stibben ityasya huck-krute riktasthaanaani nirmaane safalataa nishchita abhavat, tadaa carder varnaka-kachena prayogam kartum aarabdhavaan, tathaa cha england-deshe arabhyamanani prayogaani cha nirantaram praavartat. saha sheeghramev suvarna-aarain-ityetam siddhavaan, yat tiffany ityanena anyaih cha nirmitasya airidesent-art-glass-ityanena sadrusham aasit. swarna-oreen ityasya anantaram varnakalaayaah kachasya vistrutah shreyah abhavat, yah antatah 7,000 taha adhikeshu aakareshu 140 varneshu cha nirmitah. prathamavishvayuddhaparyantam steeben-kaach-karyani sarvaprakaarasya kaach-utpaadanam nirantaram kurvan aasan. tasmin samaye yuddhakaalasy pratibandhaih stibben ityasya krute utpaadanam anuvartayitum aavashyakaani saamagrayah praapnuh asambhavam jaatam. tadanantaram eshaa kampanee carning-glass-works-samsthaayai vikreeya steeben-vibhaagah abhavat. carder ityeshah kampanee-ityasya karyakarye vaastavikaparivartanam vinaa vibhaga-vyavasthaapakaroopen nirantaram pravartat, parantu adhunaa carning-glass-works ityasya prabandhane tasya prativedana-daayitvaani aasan. carning ityasya prabandhanena, praayah asaphalah, steeben ityanena nirmitaani vastooni kevalam lokapriyatayam eva seemitum prayatatam. utpaadanam praayah 1932 paryantam anwawartat. 1932 tame varshe steeban-vyavasthaapanaame mahatee parivartanam jaatam. rashtravyapi-avasaadasya karanat stewben ityasya vikrayanam parimitam abhavat, tathaa cha varnaka-kachasya vishaye jaann-ruchihi nyooneekrutah. 1932 februvari-maase, jaan-meke carder-ityasya pade niyuktah. carder carning-glass-krutayah kalaa-nirdeshaka abhavat. tatah steeben mukhyataya varnarahita-kalaa-kachasya utpaadanam krutavaan. steeben ityeshah adyaapi varnavarnasya kalaa-kachasya utpaadanam karoti sma, parantu praayah vishesha-adeshan poorayitum. carder carning-glass-krutyaa saha swasya nootan-bhumikam prati parivartanaat param kechan nootan-varnaah yojitaah, parantu steeben ityanena varnakalaasaamagreeh antimam dnyaatam vikrayanam 1943 tame varshe abhavat. hautan avadhihi (1933-2012). carning-glass-works ityanena aarthar-e iti niyuktah. hautan jey. aar. 1933 tame varshe rashtrapatihi iti rupena, tasya netrutve cha steeben adhika-aadhunik-rupan prati kalaatmak-dishaam parivartayat. carning ityanena vikasitasya (10 mee. iti nirdishtasya) nootanam spashta-kachasya upayogena, yasya apavartana-suchakankaha atyantam ucchah aasit, steeben-vinyaasakaah sundaraani, dravam cha vinyaasaani vikasitavantah. sidney vaa ityanena parikalpitaah gajel-baul ityadini khandaah art-deko, aadhunikataavaadi-vishayavastuh cha kaach-madhye antargruheetavantah. asmin kaale vishayavastushu jala-gablets, deepastambhaah, paadayuktaani paatraani, sarv-pees ityetaani "ballstrade" iti vinyaasaah aasan. alankaarikaroopeshu vanyajeevaanaam penguins, penguins, anye cha pakshina cha smoot-shaileeroopen pratinidhim kurvanti sma. keshaanchan vastooni, yathaa memanaah shiraha mithaayi-vyanjanam, kreedayaa alankrute vinyaasen (memanaah shiraha, ruff ityanena poornah) aacchaadanasy upari swaccha-rekhaah, tasya prachina-krutaanaam sammaanaroopen, samaavishtaah aasan. kampanee api vividhaan drushyaan aacharantah bruhad-pradarshana-prastuteekaran-khandanam kshetre pravishtavatee (yathaa tasya khandita-vinyaasah, yatra himasya upari eskimo-hima-matsyapaalakah, adhah matsyam, athavaa kethedral-jalika-vinyaasah cha asti) tathaa cha ete tattvaani yaasu utkeernaani cha antarbhavanti sma. keshuchit sandarbheshu sterling-rajatasya athavaa suvarna-lepasya upayogah dhaatu-samapta-tattveshu yathaa reyinbo-trout ityasya nakasya upari suvarna-"flai" ityasmin krutah aasit. pratyekam khandam kevalam vastunah adhah "steeben" ityanena saha hastaaksharitam asti. 1990 tame dashake, kampanee "hyaand-coolers" iti laghu-vastoonaam utpaadanam api aarabdhavatee, yaani vividha-pashu-aakrutau stah. asya kaalasy vastooni savadhanataya, sundaratayaa cha peking-krute api prasidhaah aasan. baxing-kreedaayaah poorvam, pratyekam steeban-khandah rajat-grey-flannel-byaag-madhye (steeban-namna silitah) sthaapitah, tatah prastuteekaran-petikaayaam sthaapitah. vinyaasakaah. aneke bahumanyah kaach-vinyaasakaah stewben-kachasya krute karyam krutavantah, yathaah

stephen kannadi vaelaippaadugal stephen classes enbathu oru america kalai kannadi urpaththiyaalar aagum, idhu 1903 koadaiyil frederic carder mattrum thamas jii. aakiyoaraal niruvappattathu. newyorkin corningle ulla hocks, idhu stephen kavundiyil ullathu, idhilirunththu niruvanaththin peyar perappattathu. corningle appoathu seyalpadum migapperiya vettu kannadi niruvanaththin urimaiyaalaraaka hocks irunthaar. carder oru aangkilaeyar (septumber 18,1863 ill piranthaar), englaanththil stevens & villiyamsirkaana kannaadiyai vadivamaippathil pala aandugal anubavam kondavar. hocks thanathu vettum kadaikku pala aathaarangkalilirunthu kannadi vetrtridangkalai vaankinaar, iruthiyil vetrtridangkalai thaanaagavae uruvaakka oru thozhirsaalaiyaith thodanga virumbinaar. carningirku vandhu aththagaiya thozhirchaalaiyai nirvagikkumaaru hocks kaardarai samaathaanappaduththinaar. stevens mattrum villiams niruvanaththil padhavi uyarvukkaaga anuppapatta carder, avvaaru seiya oppukkondaar. 1918 aam aandil, stephen corning kannadi vaelaigalaal vaangkappattu stephen pirivaaga maariyathu. juulai 2008 ill, stephen corning niruvanatthaal veliyidappadaatha vilaikku shoddenstein kadaikalukku virkappattathu, idhu sillarai niruvanangalil 51 sathaveethaththai sonthamaaga kondullathu, dii. ess. doublue, phileen adiththalam mattrum munbu mathippu nagara department stores aagiyavattrirkaana oru holding niruvanam; mathippu nagara thalapaadangal, adhan peyarai america kaiyoppa thalapaadangal endru maattriyathu; america kazhugu aadai thayaarippaalarkal, sillarai kalaippu ess. pii moolathana kuzhu, sumar 50 shopping maiyangkal mattrum adhan kaalanigal, thalapaadangal mattrum padigaththai urpaththi seiyum 5 thozhirchaalaigal. septumber 15,2011 andru, scodenstein stephen corning thozhirchaalai mattrum manhattan kadaiyai mooduvathaaga arivitthaar, idhu niruvanaththin 108 aandu varalaattrai mudivukkuk konduvandhadhu. viraivil, corning stephen brandai meendum vaangkiyathu. 2014 aam aandin thodakkaththil, corning kannadi arungaatchiyagam oru puthiya, eeya-illaatha sooththiram mattrum avattrin classic eeya padigaththaip payanpaduththi stephanai inapperukkam seiya suyaatheena oppanthakkaarargaludan inainthu seyalpaduvathaaga ariviththathu. carder kaalam (1903-1932). stephen kannadi vaelaigal october 1903 ill seyalpadath thodangkina. carder parunthugalukkaana vetrtridangkalai thayaaritthaar, maelum vettu kannaadiyaiyum tayaarikkath thodangkinaar. carderine miguntha kaathal vanna kannadi mattrum stevens mattrum villiamsil irunththapoathu vanna kannaadiyai meendum arimugappaduththuvathil mukiya pangku vagiththathu. parunthugalukku vetrtridangkalai thayaarippathil stephen vettri uruthiyaanapoathu, carder vanna kannadi mattrum englaanththil thodangappatta thodarchchiyaana soathanaigalaip parisoathikkath thodangkinaar. diffany mattrum piraraal thayaarikkappatta olirum kalaik kannaadiyaip poalavae irunththa thanga aarainai avar viraivil mulumaiyaakkinaar. thanga aarenaith thodarnthu parantha alavilaana vanna kalaik kannadi uruvaakkappattathu, idhu iruthiyil 7,000 kkum maerpatta vadivangkal mattrum 140 vannangkalil thayaarikkappattathu. muthalaam ulagap poar varai stephen kannadi vaelaigal anaitthu vagaiyaana kannaadigalaiyum thodarnthu urpaththi seithana. antha neraththil poarkkaala kattuppaadugal stephenukku urpathtiyaith thodarath thevaiyaana porutkalaip peruvathai saaththiyamatrathaakkina. inththa niruvanam pinnar corning kannadi vaelaigalukku virkapattu stephen pirivaaga maariyathu. carder niruvanaththin seyalpaattil endha unmaiyana maattramum illaamal pirivu maelaalaraagath thodarnthaar, thavira ippoathu corning kannadi vaelaigalin nirvaagaththirku avar poruppugalaip pukaaraliththaar. corningin nirvaagam, perumpaalum thoalviyuttrathu, stephen thayaariththa katturaigalai migavum pirabalamaanavaiyaaka mattumae mattuppaduththa muyantrathu. 1932 varai urpaththi thodarnthathu. 1932ill, stephen nirvaagaththil oru periya maattram aerpattathu. naadu thaluviya porulaathaara manthanilai stephen virpanaiyai mattuppaduththiyathu mattrum vanna kannadi meethaana podhu aarvam kurainthathu. pipravari 1932 ill, john makey carderine pathavikku niyamikkappattaar. carder corning kannadi padaippugalukkaana kalai iyakkunaraanaar. stephen pinnar muthanmaiyaaga niramattra kalaik kannaadiyai thayaaritthaar. stephen innum vanna kalaik kannaadiyai thayaaritthaar, aanaal perumpaalum sirappu aardargalai nirappuvatharkaaga. corning kannadi padaippugaludan carder thanathu puthiya paaththiraththirku maariya piragu sila puthiya vannangkal serkkappattana, aanaal stephanol vanna kalai kannaadiyin kadaisi virpanai 1943 ill irunththathu. huckton kaalam (1933-2012). corning kannadi padaippugal aarthar aee aii niyamitthana. haaktan juuniyar. 1933ill janaathipathiyaaga irunththapoathu, avarathu thalaimaiyin keezh stephen naveena vadivangkalai noakkiya kalai thisaiyai maatrinaar. corning (10 mee endru kurippidappadugiradhu) uruvaakkiya puthithaaga vadivamaikappatta thelivaana kannaadiyaip payanpaduththi, miga adhiga olivilagal kuriyeettaik kondirundhadhu, stephen vadivamaippaalargal azhagaana, thirava vadivamaippugalai uruvaakkinar. sidney vaa vadivamaiththa kesal kinnam poantra thundugal ard tego mattrum naveenathuva karupporulgalai kannaadiyil inaiththana. inthak kaalakattathil karupporulgalil thanneerk kinnangal mattrum mezhuguvarththigal, kaall kinnangal mattrum parimaarappadum thundugalukkaana "polestrate" vadivamaippugal adangkum. alangaara vadivangkalil aanththaikal, penkuyingal mattrum pira paravaikalai menmaiyaana paaniyilaana vadivangkalil pirathinithiththuvappaduththum vanavilangku thundugal adangkum. attukkada thalai mittaai poantra sila thundugal, adhan classic munththaiya thundugalukku anjali seluththum vagaiyil moodiyin meethu oru alangarikkappatta vadivamaippaal (oru attukkada thalai, oru ruff udan mudikkappattathu) mudisoottappatta sutthamaana koadugalai vilaiyaattuththanamaaka ulladakkiyathu. palvaeru kaatchigalaik kondaadum periya nigazhchchi mattrum vilakkakkaatchith thundugal (panikattikku maelae oru eskimo panii meenavaraik konda adhan vettu vadivamaippu mattrum keezhae ulla meane allathu cathetral jannal vadivamaippu poantravai) mattrum poriththalkalai ulladakkiya koorugal aagiyavattrilum niruvanam nuzhainthathu. sila santharppangalil sterling velli allathu thanga poochchu oru vaanavil travutin mookkin mael thanga "eee" poantra uloaga poochchu koorugalil payanpaduththappattana. ovvoru thundum porulin adippaguthiyil "stephen" endru verumanae kaiyoppamidappattullathu. 1990 kazhil, niruvanam palvaeru vilangku vadivangkalil siriya porutkalai-"kaii kuliroottigal"-urpaththi seiyath thodangiyathu. inthak kaalatthaich saerntha porutkal kavanamaagavum neerththiyaagavum backaging seivatharkum peyar petrtrana. kuththuchandaikku muun, ovvoru stephen thundum oru velli-saambal flanal paiyil (stephen peyarudan thaikkappattathu) vaikkapattu, pinnar oru vilakkakkaatchi pettiyil vaikkappattathu. vadivamaippaalargal. pala migavum mariyaathaikkuriya kannadi vadivamaippaalargal stephen kannaadikkaaga paniyaattriyullanar, avattrul pinvaruvana adangum

steben glass works steben glass anedi oka american art glass tayaareedaaru, dheenini 1903 vesavilo frederic carder mariyu thamus zii. steben counteeloo unna corning, newyorklo hocks, dheeni nundi company paeru udbhavinchindi. appudu carninglo panichestunna atipedda cutt glass samsthaku hocks yajamani. carder oka aangleyudu (jananam septembaru 18,1863), inglandlo stevens & villiams kosam gaaju roopakalpanalo chaalaa samvatsaraala anubhavam kaligi unnadu. hocks thana cutting shop kosam aneka muulaala nundi gaaju khaaliilanu konugolu chesi, chivariki khaaliilanu swayamgaa tayaaru cheyadaaniki oka karmagaranni praarambhinchalanukunnaaru. corning vaddaku vacchi atuvanti karmagaranni nirvahinchadaaniki hocks cardernu oppinchaaru. stevens mariyu villiams vadda padoonnati kosam paas cheyabadina carder, alaa cheyadaaniki angeekarinchaadu. 1918loe, steebannu corning glass works konugolu chesi, steben vibhagamga maarindi. juulai 2008loe, steben nuu corning samstha scattenstein dukaanaalaku bahirgata dharaku vikrayinchindi, idhi 51 saatam retail venturelanu kaligi undhi, dsdablue, phileen basement mariyu gatamlo viluva kaligina city department storela kosam holding company; viluva city furniture, daani paerunu american signature furniturega maarchindi; 15 saatam american eegil dustula tayaareedaarulu, retail liquidator esby capital group, daadaapu 50 shopping centerlu mariyu daani bootlu, furniture mariyu christalnu utpatti chese 5 karmagaralu. september 15,2011naa, shotenstein steben corning factory mariyu manhatton storenu moosivestunnatlu prakatinchindi, idhi company 108 samvatsaraala charitranu muginchindi. ventane, corning steben brandnu tirigi konugolu chesindi. 2014 praarambhamlo, corning museum off glass kotta, seesam laeni suutram mariyu vaati classic seesam spatikaanni upayoginchi steben punarutpatti cheyadaaniki swatantra contractorlatho kalisi panicheestaanani prakatinchindi. carder vyavadhi (1903-1932). steben gaaju panulu 1903 octoberulo prarambhamayyayi. carder haakla kosam khaaliilanu utpatti chesaadu mariyu swayamgaa cutt glassunu kooda utpatti cheyadam praarambhinchaadu. carder yokka goppa prema rangu gaaju mariyu stevens mariyu villiams vadda unnappudu rangu gaajunu tirigi pravesapettadamlo keelaka paatra pooshinchindi. hocks kosam khaaliilanu utpatti cheyadamlo steben vijayam saadhinchinappudu, carder rangu gaajuto prayogaalu cheyadam praarambhinchaadu mariyu inglandlo praarambhamaina prayogaalanu konasaginchadu. athanu tvaralo tiffany mariyu itarulu utpatti chestunna indrajaala kala gaajunu pooli unde bangaaru aarennu paripuurnam chesaadu. bangaaru aaren taruvaata vistruta shreni rangu kala gaaju, chivariki 7,000 kante ekkuva akaaraalu mariyu 140 rangulalo utpatti cheyabadindi. modati prapancha yuddham varaku steben gaaju panulu anni rakaala gaajunu utpatti cheyadam konasaginchayi. aaa samayamlo yuddhakaala parimitulu stuben tayaareeni konasaaginchadaaniki avasaramaina padaarthaalanu pondadam asadhyamga chesaayi. aaa taruvaata companyni corning glass works kuu vikrayinchi, steben vibhagamga maarindi. carder company karyakalapalalo etuvanti nijamaina maarpu lekunda division managerga konasagaru, ayithe ippudu corning glass works nirvahanaku nivedinche baadhyatalu aayanaku unnaayi. steben tayaaru chesina vastuvulanu atyanta prajaadarana pondina vastuvulaku matrame parimitam cheyadaaniki corning yajamanyam prayatninchindi, chaalaa varaku viphalamaindi. 1932 varaku utpatti konasaagindi. 1932loe, steben nirvahanalo pedda maarpu vachindi. desavyaapta maandyam kaaranamgaa stuben ammakalu parimitam ayyayi mariyu rangu gajupai prajala aasakti taggindi. fibravari 1932loe, zaan maake carder padaviki niyaminchabaddaadu. carder corning glass panulaku art director ayyadu. aaa taruvaata steben pradhanamgaa ranguleni kala gaajunu utpatti chesaaru. steben ippatikee rangu kala gaajunu utpatti chesevadu, conny ekkuvagaa pratyeka arderlu puurimchadaaniki. carder corning gaaju panulatho thana kotta paatraloki maarina taruvaata konni kotta rangulu jodinchabaddaayi, ayithe steben chetha rangu kala gaaju kosam chivariga telisina ammakam 1943loe jarigindi. houton kaalam (1933-2012). corning glass works orther eah nii niyaminchindi. houton juuniyar. 1933loe adhyakshudiga, mariyu athani naayakatvamlo steben marinta aadhunika roopaala vaipu kalaatmaka disanu marcharu. chaalaa ekkuva vakreebhavana suuchikanu kaligi unna corning (10 mea anie suuchistaaru) abhivruddhi chesina kottagaa roopondinchina spashtamaina gaajunu upayoginchi, steben designerlu andamaina, dravam namuunaalanu abhivruddhi chesaaru. sidney vaa roopondinchina gajel baul vanti mukkalu art deco mariyu aadhunika itivruttaalanu gaajulo cherchaayi. eee kaalamlo itivruttaalalo neeti gottalu mariyu kovvottulu, paadaala ginnelu mariyu serving mukkala kosam "ballastrade" namuunaalu unnaayi. alankaara roopaalalo gudlagoobalu, penguinlu mariyu itara pakshulanu mruduvaina saileekruta roopaallo soochinche vanyapraanula mukkalu unnaayi. raam yokka thala mitaayi vantakam vanti konni mukkalu, daani classic munupati mukkalaku nivaaligaa moothapai alankarinchabadina design (raam yokka thala, rafto puurti) thoo kappabadina subhramaina panktulanu saradaagaa kaligi unnaayi. vividha drushyaalanu jarupukune pedda pradarsana mariyu pradarsana mukkala rangamloki kooda company pravesinchindi (manchu paina oka eskimo manchu matsyakaarudu, mariyu krinda unna chepalu ledhaa cathedral vindo design vanti daani cutt-away design) mariyu chekkadaalanu kaligi unna amsaalu. konni sandarbhaallo sterling vendi ledhaa bangaaru puutanu indradhanassu trout mukku paina bangaaru "fly" vanti loha mugimpu muulakaalapai upayoginchaaru. prati mukka kevalam vastuvu diguva bhaagamlo "steben" thoo santakam cheyabadutundi. 1990laloe, company vividha janthu aakaralalo chinna vastuvula-"hanned coolers"-utpattini kooda praarambhinchindi. eee kaalaaniki chendina vastuvulu vaati jagrattagaa mariyu sogasaina packagingku kooda prasiddhi chendaayi. baxingku mundu, prati stuben mukkanu vendi-buudida rangu flannel sanchilo (stuben paerutoe kuttabadi) unchi, aapai pradarsana pettelo unchaaru. designerlu. chaalaa mandhi atyanta gouravaneeyamaina gaaju designerlu steben gaaju kosam panicheesaaru, vaatilo

steoban glaas kaa kaam steoban glaas eek americi aart glaas bananay waala hay jiss kii bunyaad 1903 kay mosam garma mein frederk carder aur thamas jee nay rakhee thee. carning neoyork mein hocks juu kahh steoban county mein hay jiss say company kaa naam akhz kiyaa gayaa thaa. hocks iss waqat carning mein kaam karnay waali sabb say bury cutt glaas farm kay maalik thay. carder eek angrez thaa (paidaish 18 satambar 1863) jasay england mein stevens aur waleems kay liye glaas design karnay kaa kayee saalon kaa tajarbah thaa. haakon nay apnee kaatnay kii dakaan kay liye sheeshe kay khaali hasay kayee zaraye say khareede aur aakhir kaar khaali jaghein khood bananay kay liye eek factory sharoo karnaa chahtay thay. hock nay carder kuu carning mein aaney aur iss tarah kii factory kaa intezam karnay parr raazi kiyaa. carder jasay stevens aur waleems mein tarqi kay liye muntaqil kiyaa gayaa thaa nay aisa karnay parr razamandi zahir kii. 1918 mein steoban kuu carning glaas works nay haasil kiyaa aur yaha steoban devision bunn gayaa. jolayi 2008 mein steoban kuu carning nay eek namalum qeemat parr shuttinistin stores kuu farokhat kiyaa juu kahh khurdah mansubon kaa 51 faisad ddee aiss dabliyo kay liye eek holding company fleen kay tehah khaaney aur sabqah velio stee department stores kaa bhee maalik hay. velio stee furniture jiss nay apnaa naam badal kirr american segniture furniture rakh diyaa vovo 15 faisad americi aigal aaot fatters retail lecovidator aiss bee captal group taqriba 50 shopping centres aur 5 factoriyan juu apnay jotay furniture aur cristal tayaar karti haine. 15 satambar 2011 cow shotnistin nay aalaan kiyaa kahh wah steoban kii carning factory aur meen heaton store kuu bund kirr rehaa hay jiss say company kii 108 saalah tareekh khatam how gayee hay. iss kay foraa baad carring nay steoban braand kuu dobarah kharida. 2014 kay awail mein carring museum aaf glaas nay aalaan kiyaa kahh wah eek nayey leed free farmola aur inn kay classic leaded cristal kaa istemaal kartay hoay steoban kuu dobarah paida karnay kay liye aazaad theekedaron kay saath kaam karay gaa. carder kii madat (1903-1932). steoban sheeshe kay kaam kaa aaghaz aktobar 1903 mein hawaa. carder nay baazon kay liye khaali jaghein tayaar kein aur khood kataa hawaa shishah bhee tayaar karnaa sharoo kiyaa. carder kii behat mohabat rangeen sheeshe say thee aur stavens aur waleems mein rehtay hoay rangeen sheeshe kuu dobarah mutaarif karaaney mein aham kirdaar adaa kiyaa thaa. jabb hock kay liye khaali jaghein tayaar karnay mein steoban kii kamiyabi yaqeeni bunn gayee tuu carder nay rangeen sheeshe aur muslisil tajarbaat kay saath tajarbah karnaa sharoo kiyaa juu england mein sharoo hoay thay. iss nay jald hyee gold aareen kuu makmal kirr liyaa juu iredsant aart glaas say milta jaltaa thaa jasay tufney aur deegar tayaar kirr rahay thay. gold aareen kay baad rangeen aart glaas kii eek wasee renj aayee juu balaakhir 7,000 say ziyadah shaklon aur 140 rangon mein tayaar kii gayee. pehli jung azeem takk steoban sheeshe kay kaam harr qasm kay sheeshe kii paidawar jaari rakhay. iss waqat jung kay waqat pabandiyon nay steoban kay liye tayari jaari rakhnay kay liye darkaar mawaad haasil karnaa namumkin banaa diyaa thaa. baad mein company kuu carning glaas works kuu farokhat kirr diyaa gayaa aur yaha steoban devision bunn gayaa. carder nay company kay kaam mein kasee haqeeqi tabdili kay baghair devision meniger kay toor parr kaam jaari rakhaa sawaye iss kay kahh abb iss kay paas carning glaas works kay intezam kii zamah daariyan thein. carning kii intezamiya nay ziyadah tarr nakaam koshish kii kahh wah inn mazamin kuu mahdud karay juu steoban nay banaye thay aur sarf sabb say ziyadah maqbool thay. paidawar taqriba 1932 takk jaari rahee. 1932 mein steoban kay intezam mein eek bury tabdili aayee. milk gair afsardagi nay steoban kii farokhat kuu mahdud kirr diyaa thaa aur rangeen sheeshe mein awami dilchaspi mein kamee aayee thee. faroori 1932 mein jaan mikay kuu carder kay ahday parr muqarar kiyaa gayaa. carder carning glaas kay kaamon kay liye aart director bunn gayey. iss kay baad steoban nay bunyadi toor parr bay rung aart glaas tayaar kiyaa. steoban abb bhee rangeen aart glaas tayaar kartaa thaa leakin ziyadah tarr khususi arders kuu parr karnay kay liye. carder kay carning glaas kay kaamon kay saath apnay nayey kirdaar mein tabdil honay kay baad kachh nayey rung shaamil kiye gayey leakin steoban kay zariah rangeen aart glaas kay liye aakhri maruf farokhat 1943 mein hoyee. houton paread (1933-2012). carning glaas kay kaam aarthar aey kuu muqarar kiyaa gayaa. houton juniyar. 1933 mein sadr kay toor parr aur inn kii qayadat mein steoban nay mazeed jadeed shaklon kii taraf fankarana samat tabdil kirr dee. carning kay tayaar kardah eek nayey tayaar kardah saaf sheeshe kaa istemaal kartay hoay (jasay 10 metter kahaa jaataa hay) jiss mein behat ziyadah iztaraab index thaa steoban designars nay khubsurat seeyal design tayaar kiye. gezel bawal jeesay takday jasay sudney waa nay design kiyaa thaa sheeshe mein aart ddiko aur jadeed tareen theemz kuu shaamil kiyaa. iss arsey kay doraan theemz mein paani kay piyalay aur moam batiyon paaon waalay piyalay aur paish karnay waalay takadon kay liye "ballistrade" design shaamil thay. aaraishi shaklon mein jangli hayaat kay takday shaamil thay juu alwa pengoin aur deegar parindon kii hamwaar tarz kii shaklon mein numaindagi kartay haine. kachh takday jeesay kahh mendhay kay sarr kii candy dish mein dahkan parr iss kay classic pehley kay takadon kuu kharaaj tehseen paish karnay kay liye eek aarasta design (eek mendhay kaa sarr eek raf kay saath makmal) kay taaj mein saaf lakirein shaamil thein. company nay mukhtalif munazir kaa jashan mananay waalay baday show aur presentation kay takadon kay medaan mein bhee daakhil kiyaa (jeesay iss kay cutt way design mein barf kay oopar eek schemo aais maahi gair aur neechey kii machli yaa cathedral wando design) aur aisey anaasir jinn mein nqashi shaamil thee. kachh muamilat mein sterling salor yaa gold plating kaa istemaal dhaat kay khatam honay waalay anaasir jeesay andardakhsh trout kii naak kay oopar golden "flayee" parr kiyaa jaataa thaa. harr takday parr sarf shay kay neechey "steoban" kay saath dastakhat kiye jaatay haine. 1990 kii dahayi mein company nay janwaron kii mukhtalif shaklon mein chhoti ashyaa-"hanned collar" kii tayari bhee sharoo kii. iss door kii ashyaa apnee mohtat aur khubsurat packaging kay liye bhee mashhur thein. baaksing say pehley harr steoban kay takday kuu chaandi kay sarmayi rung kay flaneel beeg (steoban kay naam say salayi) mein rakhaa jaataa thaa aur phir eek presentation baaks mein rakhaa jaataa thaa. designars. behat say intehayi muaziz sheeshe kay designars nay steoban sheeshe kay liye kaam kiyaa hay jinn mein shaamil haine:

0002311efc4820674e5e8be39c0ebaeb063047f7cc7185ed99f2544cdfd3ba2a

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2444274

Televue

Televue Tele Vue Optics is a Chester, New York-based astronomical optics company known primarily for its premium brand of speciality eyepieces and apochromatic refractor telescopes. Founded in 1977 by Al Nagler, an optical engineer from The Bronx who designed simulators used in the Apollo program, the company originally made projection lenses for large projection-screen televisions, but is well known in the astronomy community for its products. Prior to October 1, 2006, Tele Vue's corporate headquarters has also served as the primary distribution point for Vixen America, a subsidiary of the Japan-based Vixen corporation, with the two companies building equipment that are compatible with each other, especially the Tele Vue refractor with Vixen's "sphinx" "go-to" mount. Although the company is no longer the principal distributor, Vixen America still maintains its address at Tele Vue's New York location. Refractor telescopes. Tele Vue once manufactured a 5" refracting telescope named the MPT, the Multi-Purpose Telescope. It had a fast f/4 ratio, and had an adjustable diaphragm that ranged from f/4 to f/20. Only a small number were made, with the last being kept by Televue to use as a final optical quality control for all eyepieces they make. Recent examples of this telescope have sold for well into 5 figures. Today, Tele Vue's apochromatic refractor telescopes, which have reduced chromatic aberration, come in diameters ranging from 60mm (2.4 inches) to 127mm (5 inches). The imaging system ("is" series) telescopes are designed primarily for astrophotography. Eyepieces. Tele Vue sells Plossl, Nagler, Panoptic, Ethos, Delos, DeLite, and Nagler Planetary Zoom eyepieces. They started with a variety of Plossl eyepieces for amateur astronomers. The introduction of the original Nagler 13mm Type 1 in 1982 with its wide field of view and an equally high price soon made their mark. Using different combinations of lenses of different types of high index optical glasses, the eyepieces produce, respectively, a 50°, 62°, 68°, 72°, 82°, 100°, and 110° apparent field-of-view. Tele Vue calls the 82°, 100°, and 110° apparent fields-of-view a "spacewalk" experience. Wider apparent fields of view are helpful in viewing star clusters, galaxies and nebulae, especially large emission nebulae like the Orion Nebula, but the real reason for wide fields of view is to allow the same true field of view as is found in a lower power, narrower FOV eyepiece. This increases effective contrast and aids in visibility of certain details. Additionally, Tele Vue eyepieces are well corrected for most aberrations, providing edge to edge pinpoint stars, and are well suited to use in popular "fast" telescopes. The most expensive Tele Vue eyepiece is the Ethos line, which consists of eight eyepieces known for excellent image quality and ultra-wide 100 degree fields, which can retail for from $500 to $800 or more. At the North East Astronomy Forum 2010, they revealed the Ethos SX, a 3.7mm focal length eyepiece with an even greater 110° apparent field-of-view. In 2011, a new line of eyepieces was introduced called the Delos. These eyepieces are based on the Ethos but have a smaller field of view of 72°. Instead, they boast a comfortable 20mm eye relief. Some Tele Vue eyepieces are over half a foot long and weigh over two pounds. Mounts. Tele Vue sells several alt-azimuth mounts and tripods. Accessories. Tele Vue also manufactures special nebula filters, Barlow lenses, special image amplifiers known as Powermates, the "Paracorr" coma-corrector for "fast" (f/5 and below) Newtonian telescopes, and the "Dioptrx," a special lens that fits over most Tele Vue eyepieces to correct eyesight astigmatism. In 2019, Tele Vue partnered with the Tactical Night Vision Company to offer TNV/PVS-14 Night Vision System for astronomical observing. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

television telee bhiu optics hoise neworkosthito etaa chester jyotirbigyan alukbigyan company ji mulotoh iyar bixex ips aaru ep "kro" metik refractor teliscopor primiyam brendor baabe jonajat. 1977 sonot bronxor ejon optical enginier aal nagolare protistha koraa, jiye epulu programot byobohrito simulator design korisil, companytuwe mulotoh dangor projection-skrin televisionor baabe projekson lens prostut korisil, kintu iyar xamogrixomuhor baabe jyotirbigyan xomprodayor maajot xuporisito. 2006 sonor 1 octoboror aagote, televiewor korpo "rett mukhyo karzaloituwe japansthito vixen korpuresonor xohayok xongstha vixen aamerikar baabe prathomik bitoron kendro hisapeu kaam korisil, zo" too duyuta companye ijone xijonor xoite xamonjosyopurno xojuli nirman korisil, bixexkoi vixenor "sphinx" gu-tu "mountor xoite telee bhiu refractor. jodiu companytu etiya prodhan bitorok nohoy, vixen aamerikai etiyau televiewor nework owosthanot iyar thikona bojai rakhise. protirudhok durbikhyon jontro. telee bhuye ebaar em. pi. ti. naamor 5 "ror protiwortonxil durbikhyon jontro, bohumukhi durbikhyon jontro nirman korisil. iyar ef/4 drut onupat aasil, aaru iyat etaa xomonwoyjugyo diaphrum aasil ji ef/4ror poraa ef/20 loike aasil. maatro etaa xoru xongkhyahe toiyar koraa hoisil, xexortu televiewe teuluke toiyar koraa xokolu sokur poraa suranto optical gunogoto maan niyontron hisape byobohar koriboloi rakhisil. ei durbikhyon jontror xehotiya udahoronbur 5taa xongkhyat bhaal bikri hoise. aaji, telee bhiur opo "kro" metik refractor telescope, jiye rongor biboron hraax korise, 60 mimi (2.4 inchi) ror poraa 127 mimi (5 inchi) loike byaxot aahe. imaging pronali ("hoise" sringkhola) durbikhyon jontrobur mulotoh jyotirbigyanir baabe design koraa hoise. sokur rongor. telee bhuwe pluchol, delight, penuptik, dell 'cho, negolar, ithus aaru negolar jume ips bikri kore. teuluke opesadari jyotirbigyanixokolor baabe bibhinno dhoronor pluchol aaipisor xoite aarombho korisil. 1982 sonot iyar bistrito drishyo khyetro aaru xomane uscho mulyor xoite mool nagolar 13 mimi type 1-ror aarombhonir folot oti xunkalei iyar probhab porisil. bibhinno dhoronor uscho xusok optical soxomar lensor bibhinno xongmisron byobohar kori, sokur poraa krome 50°, 62°, 68°, 72°, 82°, 100° aaru 50° drishyoman khyetro utponno hoy. telee bhiuye 82° aaru 100° aapat drishyo khetrok "spacewak" obhigyota buli koy. drishyomanor bistrito khetrobure taara xomuh, sayapoth aaru niharika, bixexkoi oreon niharikar dore brihot nirgomon niharika saboloi xohayok hoy, kintu bohol khetroxomuhor prokrito kaaron hoise komm xoktito puwa eke prokrito khetrotu dekhar onumoti diya, xongkusito fov ipx. ee pholoproxu boixadrishyo briddhi kore aaru kisuman biboronor drishyomanotat xohay kore. iyar uporiu, telee bhiu aaipisbur besibhag biboronor baabe bhaldore xongxudhon koraa hoy, ji prantor poraa prantor poraa poriman toraa prodan kore, aaru jonopriyo "drut" durbikhyon jontrot byobohar koriboloi upojukto. ataitkoi byoybohul telee bhiu ips hoise ithus line, zo 'too aathta ips thaake ji utkristo sobir mandondo aaru oti-bohol 100 degree fieldor baabe jonajat, jibur 500 dollar poraa 800 dollar baa tatkoi odhik mulyot khusura bikri koribo paare. 2010 sonor uttor-pubo jyotirbigyan monchot teuluke eth 'cho sx prokax korisil, jitu etaa 3.7mm kendriyo doirghyor ipx, zo' too aaru odhik 110° drishyoman khyetro-owo bhiu aasil. 2011 sonot, dell 'cho naamor sokur poraa uluwa rongor etaa notun rekha proborton koraa hoisil. ei sokur poraa uluwa bostubur ithusor uporot aadharito kintu iyar drishyor khetrokhon 72°-ror poraa xoru. iyar poriworte, teuluke 20 mimi sokur aramdayok aaramor proxongxa kore. kisuman telee bhiu ips aadha futotkoi odhik dighol aaru ujon dui poundotkoi odhik hoy. mount. telee bhuwe keibatau olt-aajimuth mount aaru tripped bikri kore. aanuxongik xamogri. telee bhyuwe bixex niharika filter, barlu lens, powermats naamere jonajat bixex sobi emplifier, "fast" (ef/5 aaru taar tolor) newtonian teliscopor baabe "perakur" kuma-corrector, aaru "daay 'prox", ek bixex lens nirman kore ji sokur dristihinota xongxudhon koriboloi besibhag telee bhyu aaipisot khaap khaay.

television telly view optics ekti chester, neu eork vittik jyotirboigyanik optics sangostha jaa prathomikbhabe taar bishesh brander ips ebong apochromatic refractor telescoper jonno porichito. 1977 saale bronkser ekjon optical engineer all naglar dwara protisthito, jini apollo programe byabohrito simulator design korechilen, sangosthati mulat borh prajekashana-screen televisioner jonno prajekashana lensha toiri korechilo, tobey jyotirbigyan sampradayer modhye taar ponnogulir jonno suporichito. 1laa octobor, 2006-err agey, teleview-err corporate sodor doptor japan-vittik vixen corporationer ekti sahayak sangostha vixen americar prathomik bitoron kendra hisabeo kaaj koreche, jekhane duti sangostha eke oporer saathe samanjasyapurna saranjam toiri korche, biseshoto vixener "sphinx" goo-too "mounter saathe telly view refractor. jodio companity arr prodhan poribeshok noy, vixon america ekhono televiewer neu eork abosthane taar thhikana bojay rakhe. protisoronkari telescope. telly view ekbar emm. pii. tii naame ekti 5 inchi protisoronkari telescope toiri korechilo, jaa bahumukhi telescope. etir ekti druto eff/4 anupat chhilo, ebong ekti samanjasyogya diaphram chhilo jaa eff/4 theke eff/20 porjonto chhilo. shudhumatra ekti chhoto sankhya toiri koraa hoyechilo, sheshti television dwara taader toiri samasta chokher jonno chudanta optical maan niyantran hisabe byabohar korar jonno rakha hoyechilo. eyi telescoper samprotik udaharanguli 5tii sankhyay bikri hoyeche. aaz, telly viewer apochromatic refractor telescope, jaa bornogoto bichyuti hrass koreche, 60 mimmy (2.4 inchi) theke 127 mimmy (5 inchi) byasha niye aase. imaging system ("iza" sirij) telescopguli prathomikbhabe jyotihpodarthobiddar jonno design koraa hoyeche. chokher paata. telly view plossel, delite, panoptic, delos, nagler, ethos ebong nagler joom ips bikri korey. taaraa apeshadar jyotirbigyanider jonno bivinno dharaner plossel ips diye taader shuru korechilo. 1982 saale mool nagler 13 mimmy type 1 err proborton taar bistrito khettro ebong somanbhabe uchcho mulyer saathe shighroi taader chinno toiri korey. bivinno dharaner uchcho suchak optical chashmar lenser bivinno sangmishran byabohar korey, chokher paata jothakrome 50°, 62°, 68°, 72°, 82°, 100° ebong 50° apat khettro-darshan toiri korey. telly view 82° ebong 100° apat khettro-dorshonke ekti "spacewack" obhiggota boley abhihito korey. brihottor apat drishya khetroguli nokkhotrer guchcho, chhayapath ebong niharika, biseshoto orion niharikar moto borh nirgomon niharika dekhte sahayak, tobey bistrito khettrer dekhar asol kaaron holl ekoi satyikarer khettroke anumati deoa jaa qama shoktite pawa yaay, sangkirna fove ips. etty karjokor baiparitya briddhi korey ebong nirdishto biboroner drishyomanotay sahayata korey. uporontu, telly view ipsguli beshirbhag bichyutir jonno bhalbhabe sangshodhan koraa hoy, pranto theke pranter pinpoint taaraa pradan korey ebong janapriya "druto" telescopgulite byaboharer jonno upojukto. sabcheye byabahul telly view ips holl ethos line, jaa atti ips niye gothito jaa durdanto chitrer gunoman ebong oti-proshosto 100 degree khettrer jonno porichito, jaa 500 dollar theke 800 dollar baa taar beshi daame khuchro hotey paare. 2010 saaler uttor-purbo jyotirbigyan forame, taaraa ethos esx prakash korey, ekti 3.7mm fokal doirghyer ips jaa arow beshi 110° apat khettro-off-view soho. 2011 saale, delos naame chokher patar ekti notun line chaalu koraa hoyechilo. eyi chokher pataguli noitikotar upor vitti korey toiri tobey 72° err ekti chhoto khettro royeche. poriborte, taaraa ekti aramdayak 20 mimmy chokher swasti niye gorbo korey. kichhu telly view ips ordho futero beshi lomba ebong ozon dui pounder beshi. mount. telly view besh koyekti olt-azimuth mount ebong triped bikri korey. anushongik. telly view bishesh niharika filter, barlo lensha, powermate naame porichito bishesh chitro poribordhok, "druto" (eff/5 ebong taar niche) neutonian telescoper jonno "pyarakar" coma-sangshodhankari ebong "dioptrox", ekti bishesh lensha toiri korey jaa drishtishokti osposhtota sangshodhan korte beshirbhag telly view chokher upor phita korey.

television telly vyoo optics aee chester, newyork stheet khagoleey optics kampani chhe jeey mukhyatve tenee vishisht ips aneey apochromatic refractor telescopeni premium brand maate jaaniti chhe. 1977maan bronxnaa optical angineer all nagler dwara sthapaayel, jemane apollo prograamma upyogmaa levaata simulatorsnee rachnaa curry hatee, kampaniae mulroope motaa prakshepan-screen television maate prakshepan lensa banaavya hataa, parantu teey tenaa utpaadno maate khagolshastra samudayma jaanitu chhe. 1 october, 2006 pahelaa, telly vyunaa corporate headquarter japan stheet wixon corporationni petacompany wixon america maate praathmeek vitaran kendra tareeke pann sevaa aapee chhe, jemaa beey companyo aekbeeja saathe susangat hoya tevaa saadhanonu nirmaan karey chhe, khaas kareene viksananaa "sphinx" goo-too "mount saathe telly vyoo refractor. kampani havey mukhya vitarak nathee, tema chhataa wixon america haju pann televiewna newyork sthaan parr tenu sarnaamu jaalvi raakhe chhe. refractor telescope. telly vyuae aek samaye aema. pii. tii. naamnaa 5 "refracting telescopenu utpaadan karyoo hatoo, jeey bahuhetuk telescope chhe. teno aef/4 noow zadpi gunottar hato, aneey temaa adjustable padado hato jeey aef/4 thee aef/20 sudheeno hato. maatra aek naanee sankhyaa banavvama aavee hatee, jemaa chhelli television dwara teo banaavtaa tamaam ips maate anteem optical gunvattaa niyantran tareeke upyogmaa levaa maate rakhvama aavee hatee. aaa telescopena taajetarnaa udaaharano 5 aankadama saaree reete vechaaya chhe. aaje, televiewna apochromatic refractor telescope, jene rung parivartan ghataadyu chhe, teey 60mm (2.4 inch) thee 127mm (5 inch) sudhinaa vyaasmaa aave chhe. imaging system ("iz" shrenee) telescope mukhyatve astrophotography maate rachaayel chhe. aankhnee aankh. teleview plossel, delite, panoptic, delos, negler, ethos aneey negler zoom ips veche chhe. teoae kalapremi khagolshastrio maate viveedh prakaarnee plossel ips saathe temnee sharuaat curry hatee. 1982maan tenaa vishaal drashya kshetra aneey tetali jaj unchee keemat saathe mool nagler 13mm prakaar 1nee rajuaatae toonk samayma temnee chhaap chhodi hatee. viveedh prakaarnaa uchch anukramanika optical chashmana lensanaa viveedh sanyojanono upyog kareene, aankhna popchaa anukrame 50°, 62°, 68°, 72°, 82°, 100° aneey 50° spasht kshetra-drashya utpann karey chhe. teleview 82° aneey 100° spasht filled-off-vyoone "spacewalk" anoobhav kahe chhe. taaraona samooh, taravishvo aneey niharikaone jovaa maate vyaapak spasht kshetro madadarup thaay chhe, khaas kareene orean niharika jevaa motaa utsarjan niharika, parantu vishaal drashya kshetronu vaastavik kaaran aee chhe keey teey jaj saacha drashya kshetrane manjuri aape chhe jeey ochhi shaktee, saankadi fove ipsma jovaa maley chhe. aaa asarkarak virodhabhasma vadhaaro karey chhe aneey chokkas vigatoni drashyatama madad karey chhe. vadhumaa, teleview ips motabhagna vichalno maate saaree reete sudharvama aave chhe, jeey dhaarthi dhaar sudhee pinpoint taarao pradaan karey chhe, aneey lokpreey "zadpi" telescopema upyog karvaa maate saaree reete anookool chhe. sauthee monghi teleview ips athos line chhe, jemaa aath ips hoya chhe jeey uttam chhabi gunvattaa aneey ultra-wide 100 degree kshetro maate jaanita chhe, jeey $500 thee $800 athavaa tethee vadhumaa chhutak thaee shake chhe. uttar purv khagolshastra munch 2010maan, teoae ethos sx, aek 3.7mm kendreey lambaaini aankhnee tukadi jaaher curry, jeey 110° thee vadhu spasht kshetra-drashya saathe chhe. 2011 maan, delos naamnee aankhnee navee line rajoo karvaamaa aavee hatee. aaa aankhnee aankhnee aankhnee aankhnee aankho naitikta parr aadharit hoya chhe parantu 72°noon naanu drashya kshetra dharaave chhe. tenaa badale, teo aaramdayak 20 meemee aankhnee raahat dharaave chhe. ketlaak teleview ips adadhaa foothi vadhu laambaa hoya chhe aneey tenu vajan beey poundthi vadhu hoya chhe. mount. telly vyoo ketlaak ult-azimuth mounts aneey tripodsnu vechaan karey chhe. accessories. teleview khaas nebula filters, barlo lensa, powermates tareeke odakhaata khaas image emplifiers, "phasta" (aef/5 aneey neeche) neutonian telescope maate "paracor" komaa-sudhaarak aneey "dioptrax", aek khaas lensa pann banaave chhe, jeey motabhagni teleview ips parr bandhbese chhe jethee drashti drashtivaishamya sudhare.

television telly vyu optics ack chester, newyork sthit khagoliya prakashiki company haye joe mukhya roop seey apane vishisht ips aur apochromatic apavartak doorbinon key premium brand key liye jaani jaati haye. 1977 mein bronx key ack optical engineer all nagler dwara sthaapit, jinhone apolo karyakram mein upayog kiye jaane vaale simulator design kiye they, company ney mool roop seey badey prakshepan-screen television key liye prakshepan lens banaae they, lekin khagol vigyaan samudaay mein apane utpaadon key liye achchi tarah seey jaanaa jaataa haye. 1 octuber, 2006 seey pahale, teleview key corporate mukhyalaya ney japan sthit wixon nigam kii sahayak company wixon america key liye praathamik vitaran bindu key roop mein bhee kaam kiya haye, jisamen donon companiyan ack-dusare key saath sangat upkaranon kaa nirmaan curr rahee hain, vishesh roop seey wixon key "sphinx" "goo-too" "mount key saath teleview apavartak. halanki company abb pramukh vitarak naheen haye, wixon america abhee bhee teleview key newyork sthaan parr apana pataa rakhta haye. apavartak doorbeen. teleview ney ack baar aim. pee. tii. naamak 5 "apavartak doorbeen kaa nirmaan kiya thaa, joe bahuuddeshiya doorbeen haye. iska anupaat aff/4 thaa aur isamen ack samayojya diaphram thaa joe aff/4 seey aff/20 taka thaa. kewal ack chhoti sankhya banaai gaee thee, jisamen antim koo television dwara antim optical gunavatta niyantran key roop mein upayog karane key liye rakhaa gayaa thaa. iss doorbeen key haal key udaaharan 5 ankon mein bick gaye hain. aaj, teleview key apochromatic apavartak doorbeen, jinhone rangeen vichalan koo cumm kiya haye, 60 mimi (2.4 inch) seey 127 mimi (5 inch) taka key vyaas mein aatey hain. imaging system ("haye" shrinkhala) doorbinon koo mukhya roop seey khagoliya chitrakaari key liye design kiya gayaa haye. aankho kii palaken. teleview plossel, delite, panoptic, delos, nagler, ethos aur nagler zoom ips bechata haye. unhone shaukiya khagolvidon key liye vibhinn prakaar key plossel ips key saath apani shuruat kii. 1982 mein apane vyaapak drishya kshetra aur utani hii uchch keemat key saath mool nagler 13 mimi prakaar 1 kii shuruat ney jald hii apani pehchaan banaai. vibhinn prakaar key uchch soochkaank optical chashme key lens key vibhinn sanyojanon kaa upayog karate hue, ips kramshah 50°, 62°, 68°, 72°, 82°, 100° aur 50° drishya kshetra kaa utpaadan karate hain. teleview 82° aur 100° spasht drishya kshetra koo ack "spacewalk" anubhav kahata haye. drishya key vyaapak spasht kshetra taramandal, akashgangaon aur neeharikaon koo dekhane mein sahayak hotey hain, vishesh roop seey orean niharika jaise badey utsarjan niharika, lekin drishya key vyaapak kshetron kaa vaastavik kaaran usee vaastavik kshetra koo dekhane kii anumati denaa haye joe cumm shakti, sankeern fove ips mein paaya jaataa haye. yeh prabhaavi vipareetata koo badhaata haye aur kuchh vivaranon kii drishyata mein sahaayata kartaa haye. isake alawa, teleview ips koo adhikansh vichalanon key liye achchi tarah seey thheek kiya jaataa haye, joe kinare seey kinare taka key taaron koo pradaan kartaa haye, aur lokpriya "tej" doorbinon mein upayog karane key liye achchi tarah seey upayukt hain. sabse mahangi teleview ips athos line haye, jisamen aathh ips hotey hain joe utkrisht chhavi gunavatta aur ultra-wide 100 degree feeled key liye jaane jaate hain, joe $500 seey $800 yaa usase adhik mein khudra hoe sakate hain. poorvottar khagol vigyaan munch 2010 mein, unhone athos sx kaa khulasa kiya, joe ack 3.7mm fokal lambai kaa ips haye jisamen aur bhee adhik 110° spasht kshetra-drishya haye. 2011 mein, delos naamak ips kii ack naee line pesh kii gaee thee. yeye ips naitikta parr adharit hain lekin 72° kaa ack chhota drishya kshetra haye. isake bajaay, way ack aramdayak 20 mimi netra raahat kaa daavaa karate hain. kuchh teleview ips aadhe phut seey adhik lambe hotey hain aur unakaa vajan dou pound seey adhik hotaa haye. mount. teleview kaee ault-azimuth mount aur tipai bechata haye. sahayak upkaran. teleview vishesh niharika filter, barlo lens, vishesh chhavi emplifier jinhen powermate key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, "tej" (aff/5 aur usase neeche) neutonian telescope key liye "pairakar" komaa-sudhaarak, aur "dioptrax", ack vishesh lens joe adhikansh teleview ips parr fitt baithata haye, kaa bhee nirmaan kartaa haye.

duradarshana telly vyoo optics ondu chester, newyork moolada khagola dragvignaana kampaniyagiddu, prathamikavagi tanna visheshavaada brand aipees mattu apochromatic refractor telescopgalige hesaruvaasiyaagide. 1977ralli branksn optical enginiyar all nogler avaru sthaapisida ee kampaniyu, apollo prograamnalli balasuva simyuletargalannu vinyaasagolisitu, moolatah dodda projection-screen televisiongaligaagi projection lensgalannu tayaarisitu, aadare khagolashastra samudaayadalli adara utpannagalige hesaruvaasiyaagide. october 1,2006kkinta modalu, telly vyoona corporate pradhana kacheriyu japan moolada vixen corporation angasamstheyaada vixen americada praathamika vitaranaa kendravagiyu kaaryanirvahisittu, eradu kampanigalu paraspara hondikolluva sadhanagalannu nirmisuttive, visheshavaagi telly vyu vakreekaarakavu vixenna "sphinx" goo-tuu "mountnondige. kampaniyu innu munde pradhana vitarakaralladiddaroo, vixen america innoo telly vyoona newyork sthaladalli tanna vilaasavannu nirvahisuttade. vakreekaaraka duradarshakagalu. telly vyoo omme emm. pii. tii. emba 5 "vakreekaaraka dooradarshakavannu, bahu-uddeshada dooradarshakavannu tayaarisitu. idu eff/4 vegada anupaatavannu hondittu mattu eff/4 rinda eff/20 ravaregina hondaanike maadabahudaada diaphram annu hondittu. kevala ondu sanna sankhyeyannu maatra tayaarisalaayitu, koneyadannu dooradarshanavu avaru tayaarisuva ellah kannina reppegalige antima optical gunamatta niyantranavagi balasuvante irisalaagittu. ee dooradarshakada ittichina udaaharanegalu 5 ankigalige maaraatavaagive. indu, varnabheda vyatyaasavannu kadime maadida telly vyoona apochromatic vakreekaaraka duradarshakagalu 60 mimee (2.4 inchu) ninda 127 mimee (5 inchu) varegina vyaasadalli baruttave. imaging system ("ees" sarani) duradarshakagalannu prathamikavagi khagola chayagrahanakkagi vinyaasagolisalaagide. kannina kannugalu. telly vyoo plosal, delite, panoptic, delos, nogler, ethos mattu nogler joom aipeesgalannu marata maaduttade. avaru havyasi khagolashaastragnarige vividha reetiya plaasal aipisgalondige tamma aarambhavannu maadidaru. 1982ralli moola nogler 13 mm type 1 annu adara vishaalavaada notada kshetra mattu ashte hecchina beleyondige parichayisalaayitu. vividha reetiya hye index optical kannadakagala vividha reetiya masooragala samyojaneyannu balasikondu, kannina reppegalu kramavagi 50°, 62°, 68°, 72°, 82°, 100° mattu 50° spashtavaada drashya kshetravannu utpaadisuttave. telly vyoo 82° mattu 100° spashtavaada vikshana kshetravannu "bahyakasha nadige" anubhava endu kareyuttade. nakshatra samoohagalu, nakshatrapunjagalu mattu nihaarikegalannu, visheshavaagi orean niharikegalantaha dodda horasoosuva nihaarikegalannu vikshisalu vishaalavaada spashtavaada vikshaneya kshetragalu sahayakavagive, aadare vishaalavaada vikshaneya kshetragalige nijavaada kaaranavendare kadime shaktiyalli kandubaruva adhe nijavaada vikshaneya kshetravannu anumatisuvudu, kiridaada fove aipees. idu parinamakari vyatiriktateyannu hechchisuttade mattu kelavu vivaragala gocharatege sahaaya maaduttade. hechchuvariyagi, telly vyoo kannina chilagalannu hecchina vyatyaasagalige uttamavaagi saripadisalaaguttade, idu anchininda anchinavarege gurutu nakshatragalannu odagisuttade mattu janapriya "vegada" duradarshakagalalli balasalu sooktavaagide. atyanta dubari telly vyoo aipees ethos line aagide, idu atyuttama chitra gunamattakke hesaruvasiyada entu aipeesgalannu mattu ultra-wide 100 degree fieldgalannu olagondide, idu $500 rinda $800 athawa adakkinta hecchu belege chillare marata maadabahudu. 2010rahra eeshaanya khagolashastra vedikeyalli, avaru innoo hecchina 110° spashtavaada kshetra-vikshaneyannu hondiruva, 3.7mm phokal uddada kannina tunuku ethos sx annu bahirangapadisidaru. 2011ralli, delos emba hosa kannina reppeyannu parichayisalaayitu. ee kannina reppegalu ethos annu aadharisive aadare 72° nashtu sanna notavannu hondive. badalige, avaru aaramadaayakavaada 20 mm kannina parihaaravannu hondiddaare. kelavu telly vyoo kannina reppegalu ardha addi uddaviruttave mattu eradu poundgaliginta hecchu tukaviruttave. mountgalu. telly vyu halavaaru alt-azimuth aarohanagalu mattu tripadgalannu marata maaduttade. parikaragalu. telly vyoo vishesha neehaarike shodhakagalu, barlo masooragalu, pavarmetgalu endu kareyalpaduva vishesha chitra vardhakagalu, "vegada" (eff/5 mattu adakkinta kelagina) neutonian dooradarshakagalige "paracker" coma-corrector mattu drashti drashtivaishamyavannu saripadisalu hecchina telly vyoo kannina mele hondikolluva vishesha masooravaada "dioptrax" annu saha tayaarisuttade.

television telly view optiks oru chesttar, newyork aasthaanamaayulla aastronamikkal optiks kambaniyaanu, praadhamikamaayi athinte premium brandaya speciality ipeasukalkkum apochromatic refractor telescopukalkkum perukettathaanu. apollo prograamil upayogikkunna simulettarukal roopakalppana cheytha bronxil ninnulla opttikkal enchineeyaraaya alle nagler 1977 ll sthaapicha eee kambani yadhaarthathil valia projection-screen televisionukalkkaayi projection lensukal nirmmichuvenkilum jyotishaasthra samoohathil athinte uthppannangalkk perukettathaanu. 2006 october 1 nuu munbu, telly vyoovinte korpparettu aasthaanam jappan aasthaanamaayulla vixon korppareshante anubandha sthaapanamaaya vixon amerikkayude praadhamika vitharana kendramaayum pravarthichittundu, rund kambanikalum parasparam anuyojyamaaya upakaranangal nirmmikkunnu, prathyekichu viksante "sphinks" goo-tuu "moundulla telly view refractor. kambani ippol pradhana vitharanakkaarallengilum, vixon america ippozhum telly vyooyude newyork lokkeshanil athinte vilasam nilanirthunnu. refractor dooradarshinikal. telly view orikkal emm. pii. tii. enna peril 5 inch refracting dooradarshini nirmmichu, multy purposes dooradarshini. athinte vegathayeriya eph/4 anupaathavum eph/4 muthal eph/20 vareyulla krameekarikkavunna diafravum undaayirunnu. oru cheria samkhya maathrame nirmmichittulloo, avasaanatheth television sookshikkukayum avar nirmmikkunna ellah ipeasukalkkum anthima opttikkal gunanilavaara niyanthranamaayi upayogikkukayum cheythu. eee dooradarshiniyude sameepakaala udaaharanagal 5 akkangalk vittu. innu, chrometic vyathiyaanam kuracha telly vyooyude apochromatic refractor dooradarshinikal 60 millimeter (2.4 inch) muthal 127 millimeter (5 inch) vare vyaasathilaan varunnath. imaging sisttam ("ees" seerees) dooradarshinikal praadhamikamaayi astrophotographic roopakalppana cheythirikkunnathu. annukal. plossel, delait, panoptic, delos, nagler, ethos, nagler suum ipease enniva telly view vilkkunnu. amachwar jyothishaasthranjarkkaayi vividatharam plossel ipeasukalil ninnaan avar thudakkam kurichathu. 1982ll vishalamaaya kazhchayum thulyamaaya uyarnna vilayumulla yadhaartha nagler 13 emm type 1 avatharippichathu taamasiyaathe avarude vyakthimudra pathippichu. vividha tharatthilulla hye indux opttikkal glassukalude vyathyastha kombineshanukal upayogichu, ipeasukal yathaakramam 50°, 62°, 68°, 72°, 82°, 100°, 50° appaarant feeld-oof-view enniva uthpaadippikkunnu. telly view 82°, 100° drishya feeld-oof-view ennivaye oru "space vaakk" anubhavamayi vilikkunnu. nakshathrasamoohangal, thaaraapathangal, neeharikakal enniva, prathyekichu ooriyoon neeharika polulla valia udvamana neeharikakal kaanunnathin vishalamaaya drishyamekhalakal sahaayakamaan, ennaal vishalamaaya kaazhchappaadukalude yadhaartha kaaranam kuranja shakthiyil kaanapedunna athe yadhaartha kaazhchappaadine anuvadikkuka ennathaanu. ithu phalapradamaaya vairudhyam vardhippikkukayum chila vishadaamshangalude drishyaparatha vardhippikkukayum cheiyunnu. koodaathe, telly view ipeasukal mikka vyathiyanangalkkum nannayi sariyaakkukayum edju tuu edju pinpoyint staarukal nalkukayum janapriya "phaast" dooradarshinikalil upayogikkaan anuyojyavumaanu. mikacha imej gunanilavaarathinum ultra wide 100 digri feeldukalkkum peruketta ettu ipeasukal ulkkollunna ethos lainaan ettavum chelaveria telly view ipease, ithu 500 dollar muthal 800 dollaro athil kooduthalo vilaykk wilkan kazhiyum. 2010 leeii north eest aastronami foratthil, avar ethos sx, athilum valia 110° prathyaksha feeld-oof-view ulla oru 3.7mm phokkal neelam ipease velippeduthi. 2011ll delos enna peril oru puthiya line oof ipease avatharippichu. eee ipeasukal daarmmikathaye adisthaanamaakkiyullathaane 72° enna cheria feeld oof view undu. pakaram, avar sukhakaramaaya 20 emm kannu aashvaasam vaagdaanam cheiyunnu. chila telly view ipeasukalkku araa adii neelavum rund poundil kooduthal bhaaravumund. moundukal. telly view niravadhi alt-asimat moundukalum tripodukalum vilkkunnu. aaksasarikal. telly view prathyeka nebula filterukal, barlo lensukal, powermateukal ennariyappedunna prathyeka imej amplifierukal, "phaast" (eph/5 umm athinu thaazheyum) neutonian dooradarshinikalkkulla "paracor" cooma-corrector, kazhcha vairudhyam sariyaakkaan mikka telly view ipeasukalkkum anuyojyamaaya prathyeka lenzaya "dioptrax" ennivayum nirmmikkunnu.

durchitravani telly view optics hii eka chester, newyork sthit khagolshastriy prakashiki company aahe jee pramukhyane tyachya vishesh ips aanee apochromatic refrector durbinichya utkrusht brandsathi olakhali jaate. 1977 madhye bronxmadhil eka optical abhiyanta all nagler yane sthapana kelee, jyane apolo programmadhye vaparlya jaanarya simulatorchi rachana kelee, companyne moolatah mothya prakshepan-screen televisionsathi prakshepan lains tayar kele, parantu khagolshastra samudayat tyachya utpadanansathi prasiddha aahe. 1 aktoobar 2006 purvi, telly vhyuchya corporate mukhyalayane japansthit wixon corporation upakampani asalelya wixon amerikesathi prathamik vitaran kendra mhanoonahi kaam kele aahe, jyamadhye done kampanya ekmekanshi susangat asaleli upkarane tayar karat aahet, visheshtah wixonchya "sphinx" goo-too "mounts telly view refractor. jaree company aata pramukh vitarak nasali taree, wixon america ajunahi televisionchya newyork sthanavar aapala patta thevate. apavartak durbini. televiewne ekada emm. pii. tii., bahuuddeshiy durbini navache 5 inch apavartak durbini tayar kele. tyache eff/4 heey jalad gunottar hote aanee tyat eka samayojit karata yenyajoga diaphram hota joou eff/4 teey eff/20 paryant hota. fakt eka lahan sankhya tayar kelee gelee hotee, jyat shevatcha tivhidware tyanni banavalelya serve aaypisesasathi antim optical gunavatta niyantran mhanoon vaparla jaat hota. yaa durbinichi alikadil udaharane 5 aakadyanmadhye vikali gelee aahet. aaj, televiewche apochromatic refrector durbini, jyanni rangeet vichalan qamee kele aahe, teey 60 miimii (2.4 inch) teey 127 miimii (5 inch) paryantchya vyasat yetat. imaging pranali ('aahe' malika) durbini pramukhyane khagol chhayachitranasathi tayar kelya aahet. dolhyanchi. telly view plossel, delite, panoptic, delos, nagler, ethos aanee nagler zoom ips vikate. tyanni haushi khagolshastradnyansathi vividh prakarchya plossel ips suruvat kelee. 1982 madhye tyachya vyapak drushya kshetrasah aanee titkyach uchch kimmatisah mool nagler 13 miimii prakar 1 neey lavkarach tyanchi chhap padali. vividh prakarchya uchch nirdeshank optical chashmyanchya vegvegalya prakarchya lenschya sanyogancha vapar karoon, dolhyanche dolhe anukrame 50°, 62°, 68°, 72°, 82°, 100° aanee 50° spasht kshetra-drushya tayar karatat. teleview 82° aanee 100° spasht kshetra-drushyala 'spacewalk' anubhav mhanato. taramandal, aakashganga aanee niharika, visheshtah orean niharikesarkhya mothya utsarjanachya niharika pahanyasathi drushya kshetrachi vistrut spasht kshetre upayukt aahet, parantu drushya kshetranchya vistrut kshetranche vastavik kaaran mhanje qamee shakti, arund fove aaypismadhye aadhalanaya samaan vastavik kshetrala parvanagi dene. yamule prabhavi virodhabhas vadhato aanee vishisht tapashilanchi drushyamanata vadhanyas madat hote. yavyatirikt, telly view ips bahutek vichalanansathi changlya prakare durust kele jaatat, jeey dhaar teey dhaar toke taare pradan karatat aanee lokpriy "vegwan" durbininmadhye vaparnyasathi yogya aahet. sarvat mahagadi teleview ips hii ethos line aahe, jyamadhye aath ips asatat, jeey utkrusht pratimechya gunvattesathi aanee ultra-wide 100 degree fieldsathi olakhale jaatat, jeey $500 teey $800 kinwa tyahoon adhik kimmatit vikale jaau shakatat. ishanya khagolshastra munch 2010 madhye, tyanni ethes sx, eka 3.7mm kendrabindu lambicha ips, joou aanakhi 110° spasht kshetra-drushyasah ughad keela. 2011 madhye, delos navachi dolhyanchi eka naveen ola sadar karnyat aalee. heey netrapat heey moolbhootanvar aadharit aahet parantu tyanche drushya kshetra 72° itake lahan aahe. tyaeivaji, teey 20 miimii dolhyanchya aaramdayitechi badhai maratat. kahee teleview ips ardhya futanpeksha jaast lamb asatat aanee tyanche vajan done paundanpeksha jaast asate. mount. telly view anek ault-azimuth mount aanee tripods vikate. upkarane. telly view vishesh nebula filter, barlo lains, powermate mhanoon olakhale jaanare vishesh pratima pravardhak, "phasta" (eff/5 aanee tyapeksha qamee) neutonian durbinisathi "paracor" koma-sudharak aanee "dioptrax", eka vishesh lains dekhil tayar karate, joou drushti drushtivaishamya sudharanyasathi bahutek telly view ipsesvar basato.

television telly bhyu uptics euta chester, newyorkma adharit astronomical uptics company how june mukhyataya yasako vishesh ipis rar apochromatic refractor telescopharuko premium brandka lagi parichit chha. sann 1977 maa bronxka uptical engineer all nagalrdwara sthapit, jasle apolo karyakramma prayog hune simulatorharu design gareka thie, companyle muel rupma thula prakshepan-screen televisionharuka lagi prakshepan lensharu banaeko thiyo, tara khagol vigyan samudayama yasako utpadanharuka lagi prasidha chha. october 1,2006 bhanda pahile, telly bhyuko corporate mukhyalayle japanma adharit bhiksan karporesanko sahayak company bhiksan americaka lagi prathamik witaran binduko rupma pani kaam gareko chha, dui companyharule ekarkasanga upayukta upkaranharu nirman gardai, vishesh gari bhiksanko "sphinx" go-too "mountko sath telly bhyu refractor. yadyapi company ab pramukh witarak chhaina, bhiksan americale ajhai pani telly bhyuko newyork sthanma afno thegana rakhchha. apawartak telescopeharu. telly bhyule ek patak mpt namak 5 inch apawartak telescope, bahuuddeshiya telescope nirman gareko thiyo. yasama druta ef/4 anupata thiyo, rar yasama ek samayojya diaphram thiyo june ef/4 dekhi ef/20 sammako thiyo. kewal sano sankhya banaieko thiyo, antimlai televisiondwara uniharule banaune sabai aipisharuka lagi antim uptical gunastar niyantranko rupma prayog garna rakhieko thiyo. yass telescopeka halaika udaharanharu 5 ankama ramro bikri bhaeka chhan. az, telly bhyuko apochromatic refractor telescopeharu, jasle chromatic vichalan cum gareko chha, 60 mimmy (2.4 inch) dekhi 127 mimmy (5 inch) sammako wyasma aunchhan. imaging pranali ("chha" shrinkhala) telescopeharu mukhyataya astrophotographyca lagi design garieko how. aankhaako aankhaako. telly bhyule plosal, delight, panoptic, delos, nagler, ethos rar nagler jum aipisharu bechcha. tiniharule shaukia khagolshastriharuka lagi vibhinna prakarka plosal aipisharusanga afno suruwat gare. sann 1982 maa yasako wistrit khetra rar saman rupma uccha mulyaka sath muel nagler 13 mimmy type 1 ko parichayale chaandai afno chhap banayo. vibhinna prakarka uccha suchkank uptical chashmar lensharuko vibhinna sanyojanharu prayog garera, ankhale kramashah 50°, 62°, 68°, 72°, 82°, 100° rar 50° spashta khetra-drishya utpadan gardacha. telly bhyule 82° rar 100° spashta field-aff-bhyulai "space waak" anubhav bhancha. drishyaka wyapak spashta kshetraharu tara samuhaharu, akashgangaharu rar nebulaharu hernma sahayogi hunchhan, vishesh gari orean nebula jasta thula utsarjan nebulaharu, tara drishyako farakilo kshetraharuko wastawik karan uhi wastawik kshetralai anumati dinu how june cum shakti, sanghuro fobh ipcma painchha. yasale prabhawkari viparitta badhaunchha rar nishchit wiwaranharuko drishyatama sahayog gardacha. thap rupma, telly bhyu aipisharu dheraijaso wichalanharuka lagi ramrosanga sudharieka hunchhan, kinardekhi kinarko pinpoint tara pradan gardai, rar lokpriya "druta" telescopeharuma prayog garna upayukta hunchhan. sabaibhanda mahango telly bhyu ipis ethos line how, jasma atha aipisharu hunchhan june utkrishta chhawi gunastar rar ultra-wide 100 degree kshetraharuka lagi chininchha, june $500 dekhi $800 wa sobhanda badhima khudra garna sakinchha. uttar purvi khagol vigyan forum 2010 maa, tiniharule ethos sx, ek 3.7mm focal lambaiko ipc ajha thulo 110° spashta khetra-drishyako sath khulasa gare. sann 2011 maa, delos bhanine nayan lineko aipisharu prastut garieko thiyo. yee ankhaharu ithosma adharit chhan tara 72° ko sano khetra chha. yasako satta, tiniharule ek aramdayak 20 mimmy aankha rahat garva garchhan. kehi telly bhyu aipisharu adha fitbhanda lamo rar dui poundbhanda badhi taulaka hunchhan. mountharu. telly bhyule dherai alt-azimuth mountharu rar tripedharu bechcha. sahayak upkaranharu. telly bhyule vishesh nebula filterharu, barlo lensharu, vishesh chhawi emplifierharu jaslai pawarmetharu bhaninchha, "fast" (ef/5 rar tall) neutonian telescopharuka lagi "pyarakor" koma-sudharak, rar "dioptrux", ek vishesh lens pani nirman gardacha june dheraijaso teleview aipisharuma drishti drishtiwaishamya sudhar garna fitt hunchha.

television telly bhyu uptics heuchhi eka chester, nyujarka sthita jyotirbigyana uptics company jaahaa mukhyatah ehara premium brander swatantra ipc ebong apochromatic refractor telescope paain janashuna . 1977 masihare brankasra jane uptical engineer all nagalaranka dwara sthapita, jieki apolo prograamare byabahruta simulator design karithile, company moolatah bruhata projekson-screen television paain projekson lens tiari karithila, kintu jyotirbigyana sampradajare ehara utpada paain janashuna . october 1,2006 purbaru, telly bhyu 'rahr corporate mukhyalaja madhya japan sthita viksana corporessionera sahajaka company viksana america paain prathamika bitarana kendra bhabare karjya karichhi, jeunthire dui company paraspara sahita susangata upakarana nirmana karuchanti, bisesh curry telly bhyu refractor viksana' sphinx 'goo-tuu' mount sahita . jadio company aau pramukh bitaraka nuhen, viksana america tathapi telly bhyunka nyujarka sthanare ehara thikana bajaiah rakhichhi . pratihrtaka durabikhyana jantra. telly bhyu thare emm. pii. tii. namaka eka 5 "apabartaka telescope, bahumukhi telescope, tiari karithila. ehara druta aif/4 anupata thila, ebong eka samajojanajogya diaphram thila jaahaa aif/4 ru aif/20 parjyanta thila. kebala eka chhot sankhya tiari karajaithila, sheshati television dwara rakhajaithila jaahaa semane tiari karuthiba samasta ipc paain chudanta uptical gunabatta nijantrana bhabare byabahara karibaku . ehi telescopra sampratika udaharanagudika 5tii ankare bhal bikri hoichhi. aaji, telly bhyu 'rahr apochromatic refractor telescope, jaahaa chromatic aberson hrass karichhi, 60 mimi (2.4 inch) ru 127 mimi (5 inch) byasare asithae . imaging system ("heuchhi" sirij) telescope mukhyatah astrophotography paain design karajaichi . aakhi. telly bhyu plosal, delite, panoptic, delos, nagler, ethos ebong nagler joom ipc bikri kare . semane shaukhina jyotirbigyaneemanka paain bibhinna prakarara plosal ipc sahita semanankara arambha karithile . 1982 masihare ehara byapaka drushya khetra ebong samaana bhabe uccha mulya sahita moola nagler 13mm type 1 rahr prabartana shighra semanankara chinha srusti karithila . bibhinna prakarara uccha suchakanka uptical chashmar bibhinna lensra mishran byabahara curry, chakhyushikha jathakrame 50°, 62°, 68°, 72°, 82°, 100° ebong 50° drushya khetra srusti karithae. telly bhyu 82° ebong 100° aapata drushya khetraku eka "spacewack" abhigyata bolly kahithae. adhika spust drushya khetragudika taaraa samooha, aakashaganga ebong neeharikagudiku, bisesh curry orion neeharika bhali bruhata nirgamana neeharikagudiku, dekhibare sahajaka hoithae, kintu bistruta drushya khetragudikara prakruta kaaran heuchhi sehi samaana prakruta drushya khetraku anumathi deba jaahaa eka nimna shakti, sankirna phobh aaipisare dekhajae. ehaa prabhabasali baisadrushyaku brudhi karithae ebong nirdista bibaranira drushyamanatare sahajaka hoithae. adhikantu, telly bhyu aipisagudika adhikansha truti paain bhal bhabare sanshodhana karajae, jaahaa prantaru pranta pinpoint taaraa pradan kare, ebong lokpriya "druta" telescopere byabahara karibaku upajukta . sabutharu mahanga telly bhyu ipc heuchhi ethos line, jeunthire athati ipc rahichhi jaahaa utkrusta chitra gunabatta ebong ultra-wide 100 degree khetra paain janashuna, jaahaa $500 ru $800 kimba adhikare khuchura hoipare . 2010rahr uttara-purba jyotirbigyana manchare semane ethos sx prakash karithile, jaahaa eka <aai. dii. 1> focas lumb ipc, jaahaa ahuri adhika 110° drushya-khetra sahita. 2011 ray, delos namaka eka nutan line off ipc prabartana karajaithila . ehi aipisagudika ethos upare aadharita kintu 72° rahr eka chhot drushya khetra achhi . ehaa paribarte, semane eka aaramadajaka 20 mimi chakhyu releaf garba karanti . keteka telly bhyu ipc adhaa phutaru adhika lamba ebong dui paundaru adhika ozner hoithae. mount. telly bhyu aneka alt-azimuth mount ebong triped bikri kare . aanushangika samagri. telly bhyu swatantra nebula filter, barlo lens, powermates bhabare janashuna swatantra chitra paribardhaka, "druta" (aif/5 ebong nimna) neutonian telescope paain "parakar" coma-corrector, ebong "dioptrax", eka swatantra lens jaahaa drusti drustiheenata sanshodhana paain adhikansha telly bhyu ipc upare fitt kare .

television telly vioo optics ikk chester, newyork-adharat khagol vigiaan optics company haii joe mukkh taur utte aapne premium brand dey vishesh ipc atey apochromatic refractor telescope laee jaanhi jaandi haii. 1977 witch bronx dey ikk optical engineer all nagler duaara sathapit keeta giaa see, jiss neey apolo program witch varte jaanh vaale simulator tiaar keete sunn, company neey asal witch vadde projection-screen television laee projection lenz banaae sunn, parr khagol vigiaan bhaichare witch aapne utpadan laee changi tarahan janhiaa jaanda haii. 1 aktubar, 2006 toon pahilan, telly vioo dey corporate headquarter neey japaan adharat wickson corporation dee sahaik company wickson amrica laee muddhale vandd bindu vajon vee kamm keeta haii, jiss witch doven companyan ikk dooje dey anukool upkaran bnaa rahiaan hunn, khaas karke wickson dey "spinux" goo-too "mount dey naal telly vioo refractor. halanki company hunn pramukh vitrak naheen haii, wickson amrica ajey vee telly vioo dey newyork sathaan 'teey aapna pataa rakkhdi haii. refractor telescope. telly vioo neey ikk vaar multy-purps telescope, aimm. pee. tii. namak ikk 5 "refracting telescope daa nirman keeta see. iss daa anupat eff/4 tez see atey iss witch ikk anukool diaphram see joe eff/4 toon eff/20 takk see. siraf ikk chhoti jihi ginti banayi gaee see, jiss witch aakhri noon television duaara antam optical gunwatta niyantaran vajon vartiaa giaa see. iss durbin deeaan taaza udaharnan 5 ankan witch changi tarahan wick gaeeaan hunn. ajj, telly vioo dey apochromatic refractor telescope, jinhan neey chromatic vigaad noon ghatt keeta haii, 60 millimeter (2.4 inch) toon 127 millimeter (5 inch) takk dey viaas witch aaunde hunn. imaging system ("seereez") durbin mukkh taur utte astrophotography laee tiaar keete gaye hunn. akkhan deeaan akkhan. telly vioo plosal, dlight, panoptic, delos, nagler, ethos atey nagler zoom ipc vechda haii. unhan neey shukin khagol vigiaaniaan laee kaee tarahan dey plosal ipc naal aapni shuruat keeti. 1982 witch aapne vishal khetar dey naal atey ikk barabar ucchi keemat dey naal mool nagler 13mm kisam 1 dee shuruat neey jaldi hii aapni pachanh banayi. vakkh-vakkh kisman dey ucch soochkank optical shishe dey lenses dey vakkh-vakkh sanjogan dee varton karde hoye, ipc kramvaar, ikk 50°, 62°, 68°, 72°, 82°, 100° atey 50° spasht feeled-aaf-vioo paida karde hunn. telly vioo 82° atey 100° spasht feeled-aaf-vioo noon ikk "spacewalk" tajraba kahinda haii. drishti dey viaapak pratakh khetar taara samoohan, glaxies atey nibule noon vekhan witch madadgaar hunde hunn, khaas karke vadde nikas nibule jiven kii orean nibula, parr drishti dey viaapak khetran daa asal caarn use sacche drishti khetar dee aagiaa denna haii joe ghatt shakti, tang fove ipc witch paaiaa jaanda haii. ih prabhavshali vipreetata noon vadhaunda haii atey kujh verviaan dee dikkh witch sahaita karda haii. iss toon ilava, telly vioo ipc noon ziaadaatar visfotan laee changi tarahan theek keeta jaanda haii, joe kinare toon kinare takk dey pimpoint starr pardan karde hunn, atey prasidh "tez" durbinan witch vartan laee changi tarahan anukool hunn. sabh toon mahinga telly vioo ipc ethos line haii, jiss witch atth ipc hunde hunn joe shandar chittar gunwatta atey ultra-wide 100 digri feeldan laee jaane jaande hunn, joe kii $500 toon $800 jaan iss toon vaddh witch prachun hoow sakde hunn. uttar purbi khagol vigiaan forum 2010 witch, uhanan neey ethos sx daa khulasa keeta, ikk 3.7mm focal lambai ipc jiss witch 110° toon vee vaddh spasht feeled-aaf-vioo haii. saal 2011 witch, delos namak ipc dee ikk naveen line pesh keeti gaee see. ih ipc naitikta utte adharat hunn parr 72° daa ikk chhota khetar haii. iss dee bajaae, uh ikk aaramdaik 20 millimeter akkhan dee raahat daa maann karde hunn. kujh telly vioo ipc addhe futt toon vaddh lambe hunde hunn atey doou pond toon vaddh bhaar hunde hunn. mount. telly vioo kaee alt-azimuth mount atey tripod vechda haii. sahaik upkaran. telly vioo vishesh nibula filter, barlo lenz, vishesh chittar amplifier jinhan noon powermates vajon janhiaa jaanda haii, "faast" (eff/5 atey iss toon hethan) neutonian telescope laee "paracor" coma-sudharak, atey "dioptrux", ikk vishesh lenz joe akkhan dee drishti noon theek curran laee ziaadaatar telly vioo ipc utte fitt hunda haii, daa nirman vee karda haii.

dooradarshanam telly-vyu-optics iteedam chester iti nyuyaark-nagarasya khagoliya-optics-samsthaa asti, yaa mukhyataya vishishta-aipees-visheshaanaam, apochromatic-refractor-telescope-visheshaanaam cha krute prasidham asti. 1977 tame varshe bronx-ityasya optical-abhiyantraa all-nagler ityanena sthaapitam, yah apolo-kaaryakrame prayuktaan simulator-yantraan parikalpitavaan, eshaa samsthaa moolatah bruhad-prakshepana-puttle-duradarshananam krute prakshepana-lens-yantraani niramaat, parantu khagolashastra-samudaye svotpadanam krute prasiddha asti. 2006 october 1 dinaankaat poorvam, telly-vyu ityasya corporate-mukhyaalayah japaan-sthitasya wickson-nigamasya sahaayak-wickson-amerikaayaah praathamik-vitarana-kendraroopen api karyam krutavaan, yatra dwau kampeneeu parasparm anukulan upakaranani nirmantau, visheshatah wickson-ityasya "sphinx" go-too "maunt ityanena saha telly-vyu-refractor. yadyapi eshaa kampanee adhunaa pramukha-vitarakah naasti tathaapi wickson-america-samsthaa adyaapi taeli-vyoo-ityasya nyuyaark-nagare swasya sanketam nirvahati. apawartak-durabinaha. telly-vyu ityanena ekadaa emm. pi. tii. iti namakam 5 "apawartak-doorabeenam nirmitam, bahuuddeshyeey-doorabeenam. asya drutam f/4 anupaatah aasit, tathaa cha ekam samaayojanayogyam diaphram aasit yat f/4 taha f/20 paryantam aasit. kevalam alpasankhyaa eva nirmitam, antimam duradarshanadvara teshaam nirmitanam sarvaani netra-kirananam antima-prakashika-gunavattaa-niyantrakaroopen upayoktum rakshitam. asya dooradarshakasy sadyah eva udaaharanaani 5 ankeshu vikreeyante. adyatve, telly-vyu ityasya apochromatic-refractor-durabinaha, ye varna-vichalanam nyooneekrutavantah, te 60 mii. mee. (2.4 inch) taha 127 mii. mee. (5 inch) paryantam vyaaseshu aagacchanti. imaging-pranaali ("ess" shrunkhalaa) durabinaha mukhyataya khagol-chaayaachitranaartham parikalpitaah santi. netraani. telly-vyu-samsthaa plosal, delat, panoptic, delos, nagler, ethos, nagler zoom aipees ityetaani vikreeyati. te shaukia-khagolashaastrajnaanaam krute vividhaihi plaasal-aipees-ityanena saha aarambham akurvan. 1982 tame varshe mulasya nagler 13 emm. emm. prakaar-1 ityasya parichayah, tasya vistruta-drushyakshetrena, samaan-ucchamoolyena cha sheeghramev swachihnam akarot. vividhaprakaaraanaam uccha-soochakaank-prakashika-chashmagananam bhinna-bhinna-lens-samyojanaanaam upayogena, netra-kiranaani kramashah 50°, 62°, 68°, 72°, 82°, 100°, 50° drushya-kshetra-utpaadanam kurvanti. telly-vyu ityanena 82° tathaa 100° drushyakshetram "spacewalk" iti anubhawah iti kathyate. vishaalaani drushyakshetraani nakshatrasamuhan, tarapathan, niharikan cha drashtum sahaayakaani bhavanti, visheshatah orean niharika iva bruhad-nirgamana-niharikaha, parantu vishaal-drushyakshetraanaam vaastavikam karanam, yathaa nyoonashaktim, sankeern-fove-aipees ityasmin drushyate tathaiva yathaarth-drushyakshetrasya anumatihi asti. etena prabhaavashaaleem vairuddhyam vardhate, katipayavivarananam drushyataayaam cha sahayyam bhavati. tadatiriktam, taeli-vyu-aipees ityete adhikaamsheshu vichalaneshu samyak samshodhitaah bhavanti, ete cha prantat praantaparyantam pinpoyint-nakshatrai pradadaati, tathaa cha lokapriyeshu "druta-" durabijeshu upayoktum upayuktaah santi. atyantam mahatee telly-vyoo-ips iteedam ethos-lain asti, yasmin ashta-ips ityete santi, ye utkrushta-chitra-gunavattaayaah krute, ultra-vaid-100-degree-kshetraanaam krute cha prasidhaah santi, ye $500 taha $800 yaavat vaa adhika-moolye chillaravikrayante. 2010 tame varshe naarth-east-astronomy-forum ityatra te ethos ess. ess. iti, ekam <aii. dii. 1> focal-lenth-aipees iti, 110° api adhikam spashta-drushyakshetram, prakatayan. 2011 tame varshe, delos iti nootanam netra-rekhaa pravartitam. ete netra-drushyaani naitikatayaha aadhaaren bhavanti, parantu 72° laghutaram drushyakshetram bhavati. tasya sthaane te 20 emm. emm. netra-aashvastim aanukulyam kurvanti. kechan telly-vyoo-aipees ityete ardha-padat adhika-deerghaah, bhaarah cha paund-dwitiyaat adhikah cha bhavanti. mounts. telly-vyu ityeshaa aneke alt-ajeemut-mounts, trapods cha vikrete. upasaadhanaani. telly-vyu visheshaani niharika-shodhakaani, barlo-lens-visheshaani chitra-pravardhakaani, powermate-namakam visheshaani chitra-pravardhakaani, "faast" (f/5 tathaa adhah) neutonian-durabinanam krute "peracor" komaa-sudhaarakam, tathaa cha "dioptrox" iti vishesha-lensah api nirmeeyate, yat drushtivaishamyasya shodhanartham adhikamshanam telly-vyu-aipees-upari yojayati.

tholaikaatchi delly view oliyiyal enbathu newyorkai thalamaagak konda oru chester, vaniel oliyiyal niruvanamaagum, idhu muthanmaiyaaga adhan premium brand sirappu kann imaigal mattrum abochromatic refractor tholainoakkigalukku peyar pettrathu. 1977 aam aandil appallo niralil payanpaduththappadum simulatorgalai vadivamaiththa franksaich saerntha oliyiyal poriyaalaraana all naglarol niruvapatta inththa niruvanam muthalil periya projection-thirai tholaikkaatchigalukkaana projection lenskalai uruvaakkiyathu, aanaal adhan thayaarippukalukkaaga vaniel samoogaththil nanku ariyappattathaagum. october 1,2006 kku munnar, delly viewin peruniruvana thalaimaiyagam jappanai thalamaagak konda wickson corporation thunai niruvanamaana wickson americavin muthanmai viniyoaga maiyamaagavum paniyaattriyullathu, irandu niruvanangalum oruvarukkoruvar inakkamaana ubakaranangkalai uruvaakkukintrana, kurippaaga delly view refractor wickson "spinks" "coow-duu" mavundudan. inthniruvanam inii muthanmai viniyoagastharaaga illai entraalum, wickson america innum delly viewin newyorg idaththil adhan mugavariyai paraamarikkirathu. olivilagal tholainoakkigal. delly view oru kaalaththil emm. pii. dii endra 5 "olivilagal tholainoakkiyai thayaariththathu, idhu palnoakku tholainoakki aagum. idhu oru vaekamaana f/4 vigithaththaik kondirundhadhu, maelum oru sariseiyakkoodiya udharavithaanam irunththathu, idhu f/4 muthal f/20 varai irunththathu. oru siriya enn mattumae thayaarikkappattathu, kadaisiyaaga tholaikaatchiyaal avarkal uruvaakkum anaitthu kann imaikalukkum iruthi oliyiyal tharak kattuppaattaaga payanpaduththappattathu. inththa tholainoakkiyin sameepathiya eduththukkaattukal 5 pullivivarangkalukku virkapattullana. intru, delly viewin abochromatic refractor tholainoakkigal, nira vaerupaattaik kuraitthullana, avai 60 mimee (2.4 angkulam) muthal 127 mimee (5 angkulam) varayilaana vittaththil varukintrana. imaging amaippu ("idhu" thodar) tholainoakkigal muthanmaiyaaga vaaniyarpiyalukkaaga vadivamaikkappattullana. kann imaigal. delly view ploasal, delite, panoptic, delos, nockler, ethos mattrum nockler joom ipeeskalai virkirathu. avarkal thozhilmurai vaaniyalaalargalukkaana palvaeru vagaiyaana ploasal kann imaikaludan thangal thodakkaththai maerkondanar. 1982 aam aandil asal nockler 13 mimee vagai 1 arimugappaduththappattathu, adhan parantha paarvai mattrum samamaana adhiga vilaiyudan viraivil avattrin adaiyaalaththai uruvaakkiyathu. palvaeru vagaiyaana uyar kuriyeettu oliyiyal kannaadigalin vevvaeru lenskalin kalavaigalaip payanpaduththi, kann imaigal muraiyae 50°, 62°, 68°, 72°, 82°, 100° mattrum 50° velippadaiyaana pulaththai uruvaakkukintrana. delly view 82° mattrum 100° velippadaiyaana pulam-paarvai oru "vinveli nadai" anubavam endru azhaikkirathu. parantha velippadaiyaana paarvai pulangkal natchatthirak kuzhukkal, vinmeen thiralkal mattrum nebulaavaip paarkka uthavukintrana, kurippaaga ooriyan nebulaavaip poantra periya umizhvu nebulaavaip paarkka uthavukintrana, aanaal parantha paarvai pulangkalukkaana unmaiyana kaaranam kuraindha sakthiyil kaanappadum athae unmaiyana paarvai pulaththai anumathippathaagum, kurugiya phov kann thundugal. idhu payanulla marupaattai athikarikkirathu mattrum sila vivarangkalin pulanunarvukku uthavukirathu. koodudhalaaga, delly view kann imaigal perumpaalaana maarupaadugalukku nanku sariseiyappadugindrana, idhu vilimbilirunthu vilimbukku mutthirai natchaththiranggalai valangkukirathu, maelum pirabalamaana "vaekamaana" tholainoakkigalil payanpaduththa migavum poruththamaanathu. miga vilaiyuyarnththa delly view ipease ethos line aagum, idhu sirantha padath tharam mattrum ultra-whide 100 digiri pulangkalukku peyar pettra ettu ipeeskalaik kondullathu, avai $500 muthal $800 allathu adharku mael sillarai virpanai seiya mudiyum. vadakizhakku vaniel mandram 2010 ill, avarkal ethos esx, oru 3.7mm kuviya neela kann kannaadiyai innum periya 110 digiri velippadaiyaana pulam-paarvai konda velippaduththinar. 2011 aam aandil, delos endru azhaikkappadum puthiya kann imaigal arimugappaduththappattana. inththa kann imaigal nerimuraigalai adippadaiyaagak kondavai, aanaal 72 digiri siriya pulaththaik kondullana. adharku pathilaaka, avarkal oru vasathiyaana 20 mimee kann nivaaranam perumaippadugiraargal. sila delly view kann imaigal arai addii neelamum irandu pavundugalukku mael edaiyum kondavai. mavundugal. delly view pala alt-ajimat aetrtrangkal mattrum tripotkalai virkirathu. bhaagangkal. delly view sirappu nebula vadippaangal, barlo lenskal, powermate enappadum sirappu pada perukkigal, "vaekamaana" (eff/5 mattrum atharkuk keezhae) neutanian tholainoakkigalukkaana "paragor" cooma-thiruththigal mattrum "dioptrax", kann paarvai kuraipaattai sariseiya perumpaalaana delly view kann paarvaikku mael porunthakkoodiya oru sirappu lense aagiyavattrai urpaththi seikirathu.

television teli view optics anedi newyork aadhaarita khagola optics samstha, idhi pradhanamgaa daani premium brand pratyaekamaina ips mariyu apochromatic refractor telescopelaku prasiddhi chendindi. apolo prograamlo upayoginche anukarana yantraalanu roopondinchina branksku chendina optical injanir all nagler 1977loe sthaapinchina eee samstha modata pedda projection-screen televisionla kosam projection lenslanu tayaaru chesindi, conny khagola shaastra samaajamlo daani utpattulaku prasiddhi chendindi. october 1,2006 kii mundu, teli view yokka corporate pradhana karyalayam japan aadhaarita vixen corporation yokka anubandha samstha ayina vixen americaku praathamika pampinhee kendramgaa kooda panichesindi, rendu companylu okadaanikokati anukuulamgaa unde parikaraalanu nirmistunnaayi, mukhyamgaa vixen yokka "spinks" goo-tuu "mounttho teli view refractor. company ikapai pradhana pampineedaaru kaanappatikee, vixen america ippatikee teli view yokka newyork pradaesamloe thana chirunamanu nirvahistondi. refractor telescopelu. teli view okappudu emm. pii. tii. anae bahula prayojana telescope anae 5 angulaala vakreebhavana telescopenu tayaaru chesindi. idhi vegavantamaina f/4 nishpattini kaligi undhi, mariyu f/4 nundi f/20 varaku sardubaatu cheyagala diaphramnu kaligi undhi. oka chinna sankhya matrame tayaaru cheyabadindi, chivaridi television dwara vaaru tayaaru chese anni kantiporalaku tudi optical naanhyata niyantranagaa upayoginchadaaniki unchabadindi. eee telescope yokka iteevali udaaharanalu 5 ankelaku baga ammudayyayi. nedu, teli view yokka apochromatic refractor telescopelu, ivi varna vaikalyanni tagginchaayi, ivi 60 mimi (2.4 angulaalu) nundi 127 mimi (5 angulaalu) varaku vyaasamlo vastaayi. imaging vyavastha ("eej" syries) telescopelu pradhanamgaa astrophotography kosam roopondinchabaddaayi. kallu. teli view plosal, delite, panoptic, delos, nagler, ethos mariyu nagler joom ipcsnu vikrayistundi. vaaru autsaahika khagola saastravettala kosam vividha rakaala plosal ipslatho tama prarambhanni chesaaru. 1982loe daani vistruta veekshanhato mariyu samanamga adhika dharatho asalu nagler 13mm rakam 1 parichayam tvaralo vaari gurtimpunu sampaadinchindi. vividha rakaala hye index optical glassula yokka vividha kalayikala katakamulanu upayoginchi, kallajollu varusaga 50°, 62°, 68°, 72°, 82°, 100° mariyu 50° spashtamaina feeled-off-vyooni utpatti chestaayi. teli view 82° mariyu 100° spashtamaina feeled-off-vyooni "space vaak" anubhavam anie pilustundi. nakshatra samuuhaalu, galaxylu mariyu neehaarikalanu, mukhyamgaa orean neeharika vanti pedda udgaara neehaarikalanu chuudataaniki vistruta spashtamaina drushya kshetraalu sahaayapadataayi, ayithe vistruta veekshanha kshetraalaku nijamaina kaaranam takkuva saktitoe, irukaina fove ipslo kanipinche adhe nijamaina veekshanha kshetraanni anumatinchadam. idhi samarthavanthamaina viruddhatanu penchutundi mariyu konni vivaraala drushyamaanataku sahaayapadutundi. adanamgaa, teli view ips chaalaa apavartanalaku baga sarididdabadi, anchu nundi anchu varaku unna nakshatraalanu andistaayi mariyu prasiddha "vegavantamaina" telescoplalo upayoginchadaaniki baga saripothayi. atyanta khareedaina teli view ips ethos line, indulo enimidi ips unnaayi, ivi adbhutamaina chitra naanhyataku prasiddhi chendaayi mariyu ultra-wide 100 degree feeldlu, ivi $500 nundi $800 ledhaa anthakante ekkuva dharaku retail cheyagalavu. eshaanya khagola shaastra phoram 2010loe, vaaru ethos sx, marinta ekkuva 110° spashtamaina feeled-off-vyootho kuudina 3.7mm phokal podavaina ipsnu bahirgatam chesaaru. 2011loe, delos anae kotta kantiporalu pravesapettabaddaayi. eee kantiporalu ethos meeda aadharapadi untaayi, conny 72° chinna veekshanha kshetraanni kaligi untaayi. badulugaa, vaaru soukaryavantamaina 20 mimi kanti upasamanam pondutaaru. konni teli view ips ara aduguku paiga podavu mariyu rendu poundla kante ekkuva baruvu untaayi. mounts. teli view aneka alt-ajimat mountlu mariyu tripodsnu vikrayistundi. upakaranaalu. teli view pratyeka nebula filterlu, baarlo lensulu, powermates anie piluvabade pratyeka image amplifierlu, "faast" (eff/5 mariyu anthakante takkuva) neutonian telescopela kosam "parakar" coma-corrector mariyu "dioptrax", kanti chuupu drushtivaishamyaanni saricheyadaaniki chaalaa teli view ipslapy saripoye pratyeka lensnu kooda tayaaru chestundi.

teeli vision teeli view optics eek chester neoyork mein maqeem falkiyati optics company hay juu bunyadi toor parr apnay premium braand kay speciality ipase aur apochromatic refrector teeli scopus kay liye jaanee jaati hay. 1977 mein bronx kay eek optical engineer ill naaglar nay jiss nay apolo prograam mein istemaal honay waalay sameletar design kiye thay iss company nay asl mein baday projection screen teeli vision kay liye projection lens banaye thay leakin falkiyaat kii baradari mein apnee masnuaat kay liye mashhur hay. yakam aktobar 2006 say pehley teeli view kay corporate head kwarter nay japaan mein qayem vekson corporation kay zeeli idaarey vekson america kay liye bunyadi taqsim kay maqaam kay toor parr bhee kaam kiyaa hay jiss mein donon companiyan aisey aalat tayaar karti haine juu eek dosray kay saath mutabiqat rakhtay haine khaas toor parr vekson kay "isfinks" "gow-tuu" mount kay saath teeli view refrector. agarcha company abb principle distry beauter nahein hay leakin vekson america abb bhee teeli view kay neoyork location parr apnaa patah barqarar rakhti hay. refrector dorbeen. teeli view nay eek baar 5 inch kii refrecting dorbeen tayaar kii thee jiss kaa naam ayem pee tye thaa kaseer maqsadi dorbeen. iss kaa tanasib teez thaa aur iss mein eek sidest diafgram thaa juu aif/4 say aif/20 takk thaa. sarf eek chhoti see taadad banayi gayee thee jiss mein aakhri kuu teeli vision kay zariye inn kii banayi hoyee tamaam aayee paison kay liye hatmi optical kawalti control kay toor parr istemaal karnay kay liye rakhaa gayaa thaa. iss dorbeen kii haaliyah misalein 5 aidaad mein achhi tarah say farokhat hoyee haine. aaj teeli view kii apochromatic refrector dorbeen jinhon nay rangeen inharaf kuu kumm kiyaa hay 60 milly metter (2.4 inch) say 127 milly metter (5 inch) takk kay qatar mein aatee haine. amaging system ("hay" seerez) doorbinon kuu bunyadi toor parr falki tasveer kashee kay liye design kiyaa gayaa hay. aankhon kii jhalkian. teeli view plosal delite pinapatik delos neegler aithos aur neegler zoom aayee pais farokhat kartaa hay. inhon nay shoqia mahireen falkiyaat kay liye mukhtalif qasm kay palsal ipace kay saath apnee sharoaat kii. 1982 mein asl naaglar 13 ayem ayem type 1 kay taaruf nay iss kay wasee medaan nizarah aur atnee hyee ziyadah qeemat kay saath jald hyee apnee shanakhat banaa lee. mukhtalif qasm kay hayee index optical sheeshon kay lens kay mukhtalif imtazaaj kaa istemaal kartay huay ipace baltarteeb 50°yee 62°yee 68°yee 72°yee 82°yee 100° aur 50° zahiri feld aaf view paida kartay haine. teeli view 82° aur 100° zahiri feld aaf view kuu "spees waak" kaa tajarbah kehta hay. dekhnay kay wasee tarr zahiri medaan sataron kay clusters kahkashaon aur neebola kuu dekhnay mein madadgaar hotay haine khaas toor parr auriyan neebola jeesay baday akhraaj kay nebula leakin dekhnay kay wasee medanon kii asl wajah wahee haqeeqi medaan dekhnay kii ajazat deena hay juu kumm taaqat tung fouf aayee pais mein paaya jaataa hay. yaha moasir tazaad kuu badhata hay aur baaz tafsilaat kii mariyat mein madad kartaa hay. mazeed baraan teeli view ipace ziyadah tarr inharaf kay liye achhi tarah say darsat kiye jaatay haine juu kinaray say kinaray takk punn point sataray farahim kartay haine aur maqbool "teez" doorbinon mein istemaal karnay kay liye mozon haine. sabb say mahunga teeli view aayee pais aithos line hay juu aath aayee paison parr mushtamil hay juu behtareen tasveeri mayaar aur ultra wide 100 digri felds kay liye jaana jaataa hay juu 500 ddaalar say 800 ddaalar yaa iss say ziyadah mein khurdah farokhat how saktaa hay. shamaal mashriqi falkiyaat forum 2010 mein inhon nay aithos aiss aiks kaa inkshaf kiyaa juu kahh eek 3.7mm fokal lambayi kaa aayee pais hay jiss kaa 110 digri say bhee ziyadah zahiri feld aaf view hay. 2011 mein delos kay naam say ipace kii eek nayee line mutaarif karayee gayee. yaha ipace akhlaqiyat parr mubni haine leakin inn kaa 72 digri kaa chhota feld aaf view hay. iss kay bajaye wah 20 milly metter kii aaraam dhah aankh kii raahat kaa fakhar kartay haine. kachh teeli view ipace aadhay fitt say ziyadah lambay hotay haine aur inn kaa wazan duu pound say ziyadah hotaa hay. mounts. teeli view kayee aalt-azimoth mounts aur tripods farokhat kartaa hay. lawazmaat. teeli view khususi neebola filter barlo lense khususi ameej emplifier jasay powermats kahaa jaataa hay "faast" (aif/5 aur iss say neechey) neutoniyayi doorbinon kay liye "pirakor" komaa-cractor aur "dioptrics"yee eek khaas lens bhee tayaar kartaa hay juu ziyadah tarr teeli view ipace parr fitt bethta hay taakah benayi kii akaasi kuu darsat kiyaa jaa sakay.

0002337f0a155433e8f302ba58cb6974670d9c8e409a681eea873c0dc5d0eaec

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki?curid=3356318

William de Valence (DNB00)

William de Valence (DNB00)

vilyam dii valence (dii. enn. bii. 100)

william dii valence (dii. enn. bii. 100)

viliam dee valence (dee. ainn. bee. 100)

vilium day valence (dii. enn. bii. 100)

0002338b6581fc1e2eaed9a8682216d77981fa78a94275a89cc98312358fa4d8

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=71765174

Esther Cobbah

Esther Cobbah Ghanaian communication specialist Esther Ambah Numaba Cobbah is a communication specialist from Ghana. In 2022 she won the Woman of the Year award at the Ghana Outstanding Women Awards event. She is the founder of Strategic Communications Africa Limited (Stratcomm Africa) and a board member of the International Public Relations Association (IPRA). She authored the book "Dare to Be." Early life and education. Cobbah was born in Secondi, in the Western Region of Ghana. She attended primary school in Komenda in the Central region of Ghana, after her parents settled there. She attended Wesley Girl's High School. Cobbah is a graduate of the University of Ghana, Legon, as well as Cornell University in New York. Personal life. She is married to lawyer Tsatsu Tsikata. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

estar kubbah esther omba numaba kubba ghaanar ejon jugajug bixexogyo. 2022 sonot ghaanar utkristo mohila botaa onusthanot teu bosoror mohila botaa laabh korisil. teu kouxologot jugajug africa limited (stratecom africa) ror protisthapok aaru antohrastriyo jonoxongzug xongstha (aaipra) ror bob "rdor xodosyo. teu "derez tu bi" gronthokhon likhisil." prarombhik jiwan aaru xikhya. kubbahor jonmo hoisil ghaanar poschim oncholot thoka xekendit. pitri-matriye ghaanar kendriyo oncholor commender prathomik bidyaloyot boxoti sthapon korar pisot teu taat porha-xuna korisil. teu wesoli suwalir haiskulot porhisil. kubbah legonor ghaana biswobidyaloyor logote neworkor cornell biswobidyaloyor snatok. byoktigoto jiwan. teu odhibokta tsatxu txikatar xoite bibahpaxot aabodho hoise.

esthar kobbah esthar ambah numaba kobbah ghanar ekjon jogajog biseshoggo. 2022 saale tini ghanar asamanno mohila puraskar anusthane borshosera mohila puraskar jitechilen. tini strategic communications africa limiteder (stratcom africa) protisthata ebong antorjatik jonosongjog samitir (aipra) board sadasya. tini "sahoshi haoya" boiti likhechen." prathomik jeebon oo shikkha. kobbah ghanar poschim anchale sekendite jonmogrohon corren. taar baba-maa ghanar kendriya anchaler komendara prathomik bidyalaye bosoti sthaponer porr tini sekhane padashona corren. tini wesley garles hye schoole padashona korechilen. kobbah ghana vishwavidyalaya, legon ebong neu iyarker cornell bishwobidyaloyer snatok. byaktigato jeebon. tini aainjibi tsatsu sikatake biye korechen.

aesthar kobbah aesthar ambah numaba kobba ghaanana sanchaar nishnaat chhe. 2022maan temane ghaanana utkrusht maheela puraskar karykrama wooman off dhaa yarno award jeetyo hato. teo strategic communications africa limited (stratecom africa) naa sthaapak aneey aantarrashtriy jansampark sangathan (aaee. pii. aar. aee.) naa booard sabhy chhe. temane "dayer too bii" pustak lakhyu hatoo." praarambhik jeevan aneey shikshan. kobbaahno janm ghaanana pashchim vistaarmaa sekandimaa thayo hato. teneena matapita tyaan sthaayi thayaa pachhi teneeae ghaanana madhya pradeshmaa commendama praathmeek shaalaama abhyaas karyo hato. teneeae wesley gearls highschoolma abhyaas karyo hato. kobbah university off ghaana, legon temaj newyorkma cornell universityna snaatak chhe. angat jeevan. teneeae vakeel tsatsu tsikata saathe lagna karyaa chhe.

esther kobabah esther ambah numba kobba ghaana key ack sanchaar visheshagya hain. 2022 mein unhone ghaana utkrisht mahila puraskar karyakram mein varsh kii mahila kaa puraskar jeetaa. vaha ranneetik sanchaar africa limitted (stratcom africa) kii sansthaapak aur antarrashtriya jansampark sangh (aaee. pee. aar. aeye.) kii board sadasya hain. unhone "honey kii himmat" pustak likhi." praarambhik jeevan aur shiksha. kobba kaa janm ghaana key paschimi kshetra mein sekandi mein huaa thaa. usake maataa-pitaa key vahaan basane key baad, usane ghaana key madhya kshetra mein komenda mein praathamik vidyalaya mein padhaai kii. vaha wesley gerl key hyee school mein padhati thee. kobba ghaana vishvavidyalaya, legan key saath-saath newyork mein cornell vishvavidyalaya key snaatak hain. vyaktigat jeevan. unhone vakeel tsatsu tsikata seey shaadi kii haye.

esthar kobba esthar amba numaba kobba avaru ghaanaada samvahana tagnaraagiddaare. 2022ralli ghana atyuttama mahila prashasti pradaana samaarambhadalli avaru varshada mahila prashastiyannu geddaru. avaru strategic communications africa limited (stratcom africa) naa sthapakaragiddare mattu international public relations association (ipra) mandaliya sadasyaragiddare. aake "dhairyavagiri" emba pustakavannu barediddaare." arambhika jeevana mattu sikshana. kobba ghaanaada paschima pradeshadalli secondiyalli janisidaru. aakeya poshakaru ghaanaada madhya pradeshada komendaadalli nelesida nantara aake praathamika shaleyalli vyasanga maadidaru. aake wesley gurles haiskoolnalli vyasanga maadidaru. kobba avaru legaon ghana vishvavidyaalaya mattu newyorkna cornell vishvavidyaalayada padavidhararagiddare. vaiyaktika jeevana. aake vakeela tsaatsu tsikatarannu vivahavaagiddaare.

esthar kobba ghaanayil ninnulla ashayavinimaya vidagthayaanu esther amba numaba kobba. 2022ll ghaanayile mikacha vanita award daana paripaadiyil avar vuman oof dhaa iyar award nedi. avar straattajik communications aphrica limittadinte (straatkom aphrica) sthaapakayum internaashanal public relations associationte (ipra) board amgavumaanu. dhairyappeduka" enna pusthakam avar rachichu." aadyakaala jeevithavum vidyaabhyaasavum. ghaanayude padinjaaran mekhalayile sekkandiyilaanu kobba janichathu. maathaapithaakkal avide sthirathaamasamaakkiya sesham avar ghanayude madhya mekhalayile komendayile primery schoolil chernnu. aval wesley gales haiskoolil chernnu. legonile ghaana sarvakalaashaalayilum newyorkkile cornell sarvakalaashaalayilum ninnu birudadhaariyaanu kobba. vyakthiparamaaya jeevitam. avar abhibhashakanaaya thsaatsu tsikattaye vivaham kazhichu.

esthar kobba esthar ambah numaba kobba heey ghanache sanvad tadnya aahet. 2022 madhye ghanachya utkrusht mahila puraskar karyakramat tine varshatil sarvottam mahila puraskar jinkla. tyaa strategic communications africa limitedchya (stratcom africa) sansthapak aahet aanee aantarrashtriy jansampark sanghatanechya (ipra) mandalachya sadasya aahet. tine 'sahsi vha' heey pustak lihile." prarambhik jeevan aanee shikshan. kobbacha janm ghanachya paschim bhagat sekandi yethe jhaala. tiche aaee-vadil tethe sthayik jhalyanantar tine ghanachya madhya bhagatil komenda yetheel prathamik shalet shikshan ghetale. tine wesley gearls highschoolmadhye shikshan ghetale. kobba heey ghaana vidyapith, legan tasech newyorkmadheel cornell vidyapithache padvidhar aahet. vaiyaktik jeevan. tine vakeel tsatsu tsikatashi lagn kele aahe.

esthar kobba esthar ambah numaba kobba ghanaka sanchar visheshagya hun. sann 2022 maa unle ghana utkrishta mahila puraskar karyakramma warshako mahila puraskar jitin. uni rannitik sanchar africa limited (stratcom africa) ko sansthapak rar antarrashtriya janasampark sangha (ipra) ko board sadasya hun. unle "dayer too bee" pustak lekheki thiin." prarambhik jiwan rar shiksha. kobbako janma ghanako paschimi kshetrama secondyma bhaeko thiyo. unka amababu tyahan basobas garepachhi unle ghanako madhya kshetrako comendako prathamik vidyalayama padheki thiin. unle wesley ketiko hai schoolma padheki thiin. kobbah ghana vishwavidyalaya, legan, sathai newyorkko cornell vishwavidyalayaka snatak hun. wyaktigat jiwan. unle wakil tsatsu sikatasanga vivaha gareki chhin.

ester kobaba ester ambah numaba kobba ghanara jane jogajoga bisheshagya. 2022 ray shay ghaanaa utkrusta mahila puraskara karjyakramare barshar mahila puraskara jitithile. shay strategic communications africa limited (stratcom africa) rahr pratisthata ebong antarjatija janasampark sangha (aai. pii. aarr. aii.) rahr board sadasya. shay 'deyar tuu bii "pustakati rachna karithile." prarambhika zeeban ebong sikhya. kobba ghanara paschima anchalare sekendire janmagrahana karithile. taanka pitamata sethare basati sthapana kariba parey shay ghanara kendriah anchalara komendare prathamika bidyalajare adhyajana karithile. shay wesli balika haiskulare adhyajana karithile. kobbah ghaanaa biswabidyalaja, legana ebong nyujarkara cornell biswabidyalajaru snataka. byaktigata zeeban. shay okil tsatsu sikatanku bibaha karichanti.

asther kobbah istar ambah numaba cobah ghaana toon ikk sanchar mahr haii. saal 2022 witch uss neey ghaana shandar mahila puraskar samaroh witch saal dee mahila daa puraskar jittiaa. uh rannitak sanchar africa limted (stratcom africa) dee sansthapak atey antarashtari lock samparak association (aaee. pee. aar. aii.) dee board member haii. uss neey "dayer too bee" kitaab likhi." mudhla jeevan atey sikkhiaa. kobbah daa janam ghaana dey pachmi khetar witch skindy witch hoiaa see. uss dey maata-pitaa dey ghaana witch vassan toon baad, uss neey ghaana dey kendri khetar witch komenda dey primary school witch padahi keeti. uss neey wesley gerals hyee school witch padahi keeti. kobbah ghaana university, legan dey naal-naal newyork witch carnell university toon graduate haii. nijji jeevan. uss daa viaah vakeel tsatsu tsikata naal hoiaa haii.

esthar kobbaah esthar ambaah numaba kobba ghaanaa-nagarasya sanchaar-visheshadnyah asti. 2022 tame varshe ghaanaa-vishishta-mahilaa-puraskaar-kaaryakrame saa vuman-aaf-da-iyar iti puraskaram praapnot. saa strategic communications africa limited (strait kaam africa) ityasya samsthaapakah, antarashtriya-lokasampark-sanghasya (ipraa) boardsya sadasyaa cha asti. saa "dayer too bee" iti pustakam alikhat." praarambhikajeevanam tathaa shiksha. kobba ityasya janma ghaanaa-nagarasya pashchimakshetre sekendi-nagare abhavat. tasyaah maataapitarau ghaanaa-nagarasya madhyabhagasya comenda-nagarasya praathamikavidyaalaye sthitehe anantaram saa tatra abhyanayt. saa wesley-balika-ucchavidyaalaye abhyanayt. kobba legon-nagarasya ghaanaa-vishvavidyaalayasya tathaa nyuyaark-nagarasya carnell-vishvavidyaalayasya snaatakah asti. vyaktigatajeevanam. saa adhivaktaa tsaatsu tsikata ityanaya saha parineetavatee.

esthar gopha esthar amba numaba goppa kaanavaich saerntha oru thagaval thodarbu nipunar aavaar. 2022 aam aandil kaanaa sirantha magalir viruthu vazhangkum nigazhchchiyil aandin sirantha penn viruthai ventraar. avar mooloabaaya thagavalthodarpu aprica limited (stratcom aprica) niruvanar mattrum sarvadesa makkal thodarbu sangaththin (aipra) kuzhu uruppinar aavaar. avar "thairiyamaaga irukka vaendum" endra puththagaththai ezhuthinaar." aarambagaala vaazhkkai mattrum kalvi. goppa kaanaavin maerkup paguthiyil ulla segandiyil piranthaar. avarathu pettroar angku kudiyaeriya piragu, kaanaa matthiya piraanthiyaththil ulla komendaavil ulla thodakkap pallyil payintraar. avar wesley penn uyarnilaip pallyil payintraar. gopha leganil ulla kaanaa palkalaikkazhagam mattrum newyoarkil ulla cornell palkalaikkazhagaththil pattam pettravar. thanipatta vaazhkkai. avar vazhakkarinyar tsatsu dikkattavai mananthaar.

esther kobba esther amba numaba kobba ghanaku chendina communication specialist. specialist ghaana atyuttama mahilaa avaardula kaaryakramamlo aame samvatsarapu mahila avaardunu geluchukundi. aame vyuuhaatmaka communications africa limited (strat com africa) vyavasthaapakudu mariyu antarjaateeya praja sambandhaala sangham (ipra) boardu sabhyuralu. aame "dhairyamgaa undandi" anae pustakaanni rachinchindi." prarambha jeevitam mariyu vidya. kobba ghanaa paschima praantamloo sendiiloo janminchaadu. aame tallidandrulu ghaana madhya praantamlooni komendaalo sthirapadina taruvaata aame praathamika paatasaalalo chadivindi. aame wesley gurles haiskoollo chadivindi. kobba ghaana vishwavidyaalayam, legaon, alaage newyorkloni carnell vishwavidyaalayam nundi pattabhadrudu. vyaktigata jeevitam. aame nyaayavaadi tsatsu tsikaataanu vivaham chesukundi.

ester kobabah aistar ambah nambah kobabah gahaana say taaluq rakhnay waali mawasilati maahir haine. 2022 mein inhon nay gahaana baqaya khwatin kay aiward kii taqrib mein saal kii behtareen khaatun kaa aiward jeeta. wah strategic communications afriqah lameted (stratecom afriqah) kii baanee aur international publik relations aisosi aishan (aayee pee aar aey) kii board mumber haine. iss nay "dairan tuu bee" kitaab likhee." ibtadayi zindagi aur taleem. kobabah kii paidaish secondi mein gahaana kay maghrabi elaqay mein hoyee thee. iss kay waldeen kay wahaan aabaad honay kay baad iss nay gahaana kay wastee elaqay mein komanda kay primery school mein taleem haasil kii. iss nay vesli garlaz hayee school mein taleem haasil kii. kobabah gahaana university leegan kay saath saath neoyork kii carneal university say graduate haine. zaati zindagi. iss nay wakeel satsu sakata say shaadi kii hay.

000234166f250345466e6deecedf1bdf2327391a1110503f145479ba730b9718

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki?curid=7981474

hawiyrz

hawiyrz Silesian. Etymology. . Compare .

hawirz cilesian. byutpotti. . tulona korok.

hawarz silesian. byutpatti. . tulna korun.

hawairz sileshiyana. vyutpatti. . sarkhaamani karoo.

hawairz sileshiyan. vyutpatti. . tulanaa karein.

havirij silesian. vyutpatti. . holike maadi.

haviyezhs saileshyan. padavyuthpathishaasthram. . thaarathamyam cheyyuka.

hawairz sileshiyan. vyutpatti. . tulana qaraa.

हावर्ज silesian. wyutpatti. . tulana garnuhos.

havairaz sileshian. shabdawali. . tulna crow.

howers silesian. vyutpattih. . tulanam karotu.

haviyars cylasian. sorpirappiyal. . oppidungkal.

havirij sailsian. vyutpatti. . polchi chudandi.

huwairz celician. siftiyat. . mawaznah karein.

000235ca9e485922c240ab4c87169bdddd2454d59752e6e1302cc5c03d0d3c19

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=3962878

Met Park

Met Park Metropolitan Memorial Park aka Met Park was a baseball stadium in Norfolk, Virginia. Built in 1969, it was the home to the Norfolk Tides (known at that time as the Tidewater Tides) until the construction of Harbor Park was completed for the Tides to play the 1993 season there. Met Park sat 6,200, and was located near the end of the primary runway of the Norfolk International Airport. This often proved distracting to fans and players when aircraft flew overhead, but inadvertently proved strategic – as the AAA franchise of the New York Mets, players for the Tides could hope to someday be called to play in Shea Stadium, the location of which endures similar noise from nearby LaGuardia Airport. After Met Park was demolished following the Tides' move to Harbor Park, the city built the Lake Wright Executive Center on the former Met Park land.

mett park metro 'polytan mem' real park baa mett park aasil norphuk, bharjiniyat thoka etaa besbol stadium. 1969 sonot nirmito, ee 1993 sonor sijonot juwa-juwar kheliboloi harbar parkor nirman xompurno nuhuwaloike norphuk juwaror ghor aasil (xei xomoyot iyak tidewater tide buli jonaa goisil). mett park 6,200 nomborot aasil aaru norphuk antohrastriyo bimanbondoror prathomik ranwer xexor faale owosthito aasil. bimanor uporot uri juwar xomoyot ee praye onuragi aaru kheluoixokolor baabe bibhrantokoron promanito hoisil, kintu oxabodhanotaboxotoh kouxolgotovabe promanito hoisil-nework metxor aaa francise hisape, juwaror baabe kheluoixokolok ketiyaba swiya stadiumot kheliboloi aahban koraa hoh 'bob buli aaxa koribo paare, jaar owosthan usoror leguardia bimanbondoror poraa ekedhoronor xobdo xohyo kore. harbor parkoloi juwar-bhatar sthanantoror pisot mett park dhongxo huwar pisot, sohorkhone purbor mett parkor maatit hrodor raait karzobahi kendro nirman korisil.

parker saathe dekha metropoliton memorial park orofe meeta park chhilo norphoke, virgineer ekti baseball stadium. 1969 saale nirmito, etty norphoke joarer abashsthol chhilo (seii somoye tidewater tide hisabe porichito) jotokkhon naa 1993 saaler morshume sekhane joarer jonno harbar parker nirman somponno hoy. meeta park 6,200-ayee abosthito chhilo ebong norphoke antorjatik bimanbandar prathomik runware shesher dike abosthito chhilo. bimanti jokhon mathar upor diye udey yaay tokhon etty prayashai bhokto ebong kheloader kachhe bibhrantikar promanito hoy, tobey asabdhanotaboshoto kousholgotobhabe promanito hoy-neu eork metser aaa franchisee hisabe, joarer kheloadra aasha korte paare jey ekdin shiya stadiume khelar jonno daca hobey, jaar abosthanti kachakachi lagardia bimanbandar theke ekoi dharaner shobdo sohyo korey. joar-bhatar karone harbar parke yawar porr meeta park venge feller porr, shaharti praktan meeta parker jomite lake raita executive center toiri korey.

parkne malo metropolitana memorial paark urfe meeyt paark virginia norphokma baseball stadium hatoo. hatoo bandhvama aavyu hatoo, jyaan sudhee sudhee mosammaa tyaan bhartee maate bandar parknu bandhkam purn thayu naa hatoo tyaan sudhee teey norphoc bhartinu ghar hatoo (teey samaye tidewater tides tareeke odakhaatu hatoo). meeyt paark 6,200 parr hatoo, aneey teey norphoc aantarrashtriy hawaimathakna praathmeek ranvenaa antanee najik stheet hatoo. jyaare vimaan uparthi udatu tyaare aaa ghanivaar chaahako aneey khelaadeeo maate vichaleet karnaaru saabit thatu hatoo, parantu ajaantaan vyuhaatmak saabit thayu-kaaran keey newyork metsani aaa franchisee, bhartee maatena khelaadeeo aashaa raakhi shake chhe keey koik divas sheeya stadium ramvaa maate bolavvama aavashe, jenu sthaan najiknaa legardia airporthi samaan ghonghaat sahan karey chhe. bandar parkma bhartinaa pagale meeyt parkne todee padvama aavyaa pachhi, shaherae bhutpurv meeyt paark jameen parr leeka raita executive center banaavyu hatoo.

park seey milaa metropolitan memorial park urf mett park virginia key norphoke mein ack baseball stadium thaa. 1969 mein nirmit, yeh jwaar-bhaata kaa ghar thaa (usa samay tide watter tides key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa) jaba taka kii 1993 key mausam mein jwaar-bhaata khelane key liye bandargah park kaa nirmaan puuraa naheen hoe gayaa thaa. mett park 6,200 parr sthit thaa, aur norphoke antarrashtriya havaai adde key praathamik runway key anta mein sthit thaa. jaba vimaan oopar seey udataa haye tou yeh aksar prashansakon aur khilaadiyon key liye vichalit karane vaalaa saabit hotaa haye, lekin anajaane mein ranneetik saabit hoe jaataa haye-kyonki newyork mates kii aaa franchisee key roop mein, jwaar-bhaata key liye khilaadiyon koo kissy dinn sheeaa stadium mein khelane key liye bulaaya jaa sakata haye, jiska sthaan paas key lagardia havaai adde seey samaan shore koo sahan kartaa haye. bandargah udyaan mein jwaar-bhaata key baad mett park koo dhwast karane key baad, shahar ney poorv mett park bhoomi parr jheel key adhikaar karyakari kendra kaa nirmaan kiya.

meat park metropolitan memorial park athawa mett park varjiniyaada norphocnalli baseball kridaanganavaagittu. 1969ralli nirmisalaada idu, 1993rahra rtuvinalli allie alegalu nadeyalu bandaru udyaanavanada nirmaanavu poornagolluvavarege norpolk alegala neleyagittu (aaa samayadalli idannu tidewater tides endu kareyalaaguttittu). meat park 6,200 rashtittu, mattu idu norphoke antaaraashtriya vimaana nildaanada praathamika ranveya antyada bully nelegondittu. vimaanavu melmukhavaagi haaridaga idu aagaagge abhimanigalu mattu atagarara gamanavannu beredege seleyitu, aadare ajaagarookateyinda kaaryatantravannu sabitupadisitu-newyork metsna aaa franchise aagi, alegala aatagararannu ondu dina shiya kridaanganadalli aadalu kareyabahudu endu bhavisabahudu, idu hattirada lagardia vimaana nildaanadinda idhe reetiya shabdavannu sahisuttade. alegalu bandaru udyaanavanakke sthalaantaragonda nantara meat park annu kedavalaayitu, nagaravu hindina meat park bhoomiyalli sarovarada rait karyanirvahaka kendravannu nirmisitu.

bhet udyan metropolitan memorial park urf mett park heey virginiachya norphokemadhil baseball stadium hote. 1969 madhye bandhanyat aalelya yaa thikani 1993 chya hangamat bharatisathi bandar udyanache bandhkam purn hoiparyant norphoke bharatiche (tyaa velee tidewater tides mhanoon olakhale jaanare) ghar hote. mett park 6,200 jaaga asalele hote aanee norphoke aantarrashtriy vimantalachya prathamik dhavpattichya shevati sthit hote. jevha vimanane varchya bajula uddan kele tevha heey anekada chahatyansathi aanee kheladunsathi vichalit karnare tharale, parantu anavdhanane dhoranatmak siddha jhaale-newyork metschee aaa franchisee mhanoon, bharatisathichya kheladunna eke divashi sheeya stadiummadhye khelanyasathi bolavanyachi aasha asoo shakate, jyaa thikanche thikan jawalchya lagardia vimantalavarun samaan aavaj sahan karate. bandar udyanat bharati jhalyanantar mett park padalyanantar, shaharane purvichya mett parkchya jaminivar lake rait karyakari kendra bandhale.

parklai bhetnuhos metropolitan memorial park urf mett park bharjiniyako norafokma raheko baseball stadium thiyo. sann 1969 maa nirman garieko yo naurafok jwarko ghar thiyo (tyas samayama tidewater tide bhanera chininthyo) jabasamma tyahan sann 1993 ko sijanma jwarka lagi bandargah parkko nirman sampanna bhaena. mett park 6,200 maa baseko thiyo, rar yo norphoke antarrashtriya wimansthalko prathamik ranaweko antyama awasthit thiyo. yo prayaha prashansakharu rar kheladiharulai wichlit parney sabit bhayo jab vimanle mathiko udan garyo, tara anajanema rannitik sabit bhayo-newyork metko aaa franchaijiko rupma, jwarka lagi kheladiharulai kunai dina siya stadiumma khelna bolaune asha garna sakinchha, jasko sthan najikaiko lagardia airportbata saman awaz sahan gardacha. bandargah parkma jwar-bhaandaako chalpachhi mett park dhwasta bhaepachi, saharle purva mett parkko bhumima taal right karyakari kendra nirman nirman.

parkaku bhetiba metropolitan memorial park baa mett park bharjiniara narphokare eka baseball stadium thila . 1969 masihare nirmita, ehaa norphoc juar (sehi samajare tydwater juar bhabare janashuna) rahr ghara thila, 1993 ruture juar kheliba paain bandara park nirmana samapta heba parjyanta . mett park 6,200 aasana bisista thila, ebong ehaa norphoc antarjatija biman bandar prathamika ranwera shesh aadaku abasthita thila. jetebele bimanati overhead udila, ehaa prajatah prashansaka ebong khelalinka paain bibhrantikara pramanita hoithila, kintu ajanatare rananaitika bhabare pramanita hoithila-nyujarka metser aaa franchise bhabare, juar paain khelalimane dine shia stadijamare khelibaku dakajiba aasha kariparanti, jahara sthana nikatasta lagardia bimanabandararu samaana sabda sahithae . joara-bhata bandar udyanaku jiba parey mett parkaku dhwansa karajiba parey, saharati purbatana mett park jamire hrada raita karjyanirbahee kendra nirmana karithila.

park noon milo metropolitan memorial park uraf mait park norphok, virginia witch ikk baseball stadium see. sann 1969 witch baniaa ih shehar norphoc lahiran (uss samein tyde water lahiran vajon janhiaa jaanda see) daa gharr see jadon takk kii 1993 dey season witch lahiran khedan laee bandargah park daa nirman poora naheen hoow giaa see. mait park 6,200 see, atey norphok antarashtari havaai adde dey muddhale runway dey ant dey nede sathit see. ih aksar parshanskan atey khidariaan laee dhiaan bhatkaun vaala saabat hunda haii jadon jahaz overhead uddiaa, parr anjane witch rannitak saabat hoiaa-jiven kii newyork matts dee aaa franchisee, lahiran laee khidariaan noon kise dinn shiaa stadium witch khedan laee bulaiaa jaa sakda haii, jiss dee jagha nedley lagardia havaai adde toon isey tarahan daa shore sahindi haii. bandargah park witch lahiran dey jaanh toon baad mait park noon dhaah ditta giaa see, shehar neey sabka mait park dee zameen utte jheel raeet karajkari kendra banaiaa see.

udyaanam militavaan. metropalitan-memorial-paark athavaa mett-paark, virginia-deshasya narphok-nagare bess-baal-kridaanganam aasit. 1969 tame varshe nirmitam, 1993 tame varshe jwaarah kreedayitum naukaashaya-udyaanam poornam naa bhavati taavat yaavat narphok-jwaarah (tasmin samaye tadwater-tads iti namna prasidhah) asya nivaasah aasit. mett-paark 6,200 sthaanake aasit, narphok-antarashtriya-vimanasthanakasya praathamik-dhaavayaatraayaah ante cha aasit. yadaa vimaanah upari uddiyata tadaa praayah prashamsakaanaam kridapatunam cha krute etat vichalitam bhavati sma, parantu anavadhaanen rananitih siddhah abhavat-nyoo yaark-mets-nagarasya aaa-matadhikaraha iti karanat, jwaara-creedcon dine shiyaa-kreedaagruhe kreeditum aahvayitum asha bhavet, yasya sthaanam samipasthat lagardia-vimaanasthaanakaat samaanam shabdam sahati. naukaashaya-udyaanam prati jwaarah aagacchan mett-paark ityasya dhvamsaanantaram, nagaram poorvakaale mett-paark-bhoomau leck-rait ityasya karyakari-kendram niramaat.

poongaa metropolitan memorial paark allathu mett paark enbathu varjeeniyaavin norphokil ulla oru baseball staediyamaagum. 1969 aam aandil kattapatta idhu, 1993 aam aandu paruvaththil angku alaikal vilaiyaaduvatharkaaga thuraimugap poongaavin kattumanam mudiyum varai norfok alaikalin (antha neraththil died watter diets endru azhaikkappattathu) illamaaga irunththathu. 6, 200 paer konda inththa poongaa, norfok sarvadesa vimaana nilaiyaththin muthanmai oodupaathaiyin mudivil amainthullathu. vimaanam melnoakki paranthapoathu idhu perumpaalum rasikarkalukkum veerargalukkum thisaithiruppuvathaaga niroopiththathu, aanaal kavanakkuraivaaga mooloabaayamaaga niroopikkappattathu-newyorg metzin aaa urimaiyaaga, alaikalin veerargal orunaal shiya stadiaththil vilaiyaada azhaikkappaduvaargal endru nambalaam, idhu arugilulla lagurdia vimaana nilaiyaththilirunthu idhaepoandra satthaththai thaangkukirathu. thuraimugap poongkaavirku alaikal nagarnthathaith thodarnthu mead paark idikappatta piragu, nagaram munnaal mead paark nilaththil aeri raid nirvaaga myyaththai kattiyadhu.

meat park metropolitan memorial park ledhaa meat park varjiniyaaloni norphoclo oka baseball stadium. stadium nirminchina idhi, 1993 seasonlo akkada alalu aadataaniki naukashraya udyaanavanam nirmaanam poortayye varaku norpolk alalaku (aaa samayamlo tidewater tides anie piluvabade) nivasamga undedi. meat park 6,200 seetlalo undhi, mariyu idhi norphoke antarjaateeya vimaanaasrayam yokka praadhamika runway chivarilo undhi. vimanam ovar head loe egirinappudu idhi tarachugaa abhimanulaku mariyu aatagallaku drushtini maralchela chesindi, conny anukokunda vyuuhaatmakamgaa niroopinchabadindi-newyork mets yokka aaa franchiseegaa, alala kosam aatagallanu edho oka roeju shiya stadiumlo aadataaniki pilavabadataarani aasinchavachchu, idhi sameepamloni lagwardia vimaanaasrayam nundi idhe vidhamaina sabdaanni bharistundi. alala kaaranamgaa naukaasrayaaniki taralinchina taruvaata meat park koolchiveyabadina taruvaata, nagaram maajee meat park bhoomipai sarassu rait executive centarnu nirminchindi.

meet paark metropolitan memorial paark araf meet paark warjiniya kay norphok mein eek bees baal steadium thaa. 1969 mein tameer kiyaa gayaa yaha norphok jawaar kaa gahar thaa (iss waqat tide waater tides kay naam say jaana jaataa thaa) jabb takk kahh 1993 kay seezan mein wahaan jawaar kay liye harber paark kii tameer makmal nahein how gayee. meet paark 6,200 parr betha thaa aur norphok beenn alaqwami hawai aday kay bunyadi runn way kay aakhir mein waaqa thaa. jabb hawai jehaaz oopar say udtay thay tuu yaha aksar shaiqeen aur khiladiyon kii taujah hatanay waala saabat hotaa thaa leakin nadanista toor parr strategic saabat hawaa-jaisa kahh neoyork meet kii aey aey aey frunchise kay toor parr jawaar kay khiladiyon kuu kasee dunn sheeya steadium mein khelnay kay liye blaya jaaye gaa jiss kaa maqaam qareebi lagardia hawai aday say asee tarah kaa shoar bardasht kartaa hay. samandari toofan kay harber paark mein muntaqil honay kay baad meet paark kuu manhadam karnay kay baad shehar nay sabqah meet paark kii zameen parr leek raait execto center banaya.

0002420dcbe4687060da42bcb37808b6b16f5b124a9920bb65167c6dfea1b2ad

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=39384339

1593 AM

1593 AM The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1593 kHz: References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

1593 aa. emm. ee kelagina radeo kendragalu 1593 keey. etch. zii. aavartanadalli prasaaravaaguttaveh

1593 sakali khaleel redio kendre 1593 keey. etch. zed. chya aii. emm. varanvartevar prasarit karatatah

1593 vaje heth likhe radio station 1593 keey. aich. z. dee aimm. barambarta utte prasarit karde hann

1593 praatah nimnalikhitaah radio-kendraani 1593 key. ech. ess. emm. aavruttihi prasaarayanti.

000243241c618cf9a5bc8bff8c9b185491851404cf406334de288e12b78d50a4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=37826762

Liotia echinacantha

Liotia echinacantha Species of gastropod Liotia echinacantha is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Liotiidae. Description. The height of the shell attains 6 mm and the diameter 7.5 mm. The strong, globose shell is narrowly and deeply umbilicate. It has the color of pale straw. The shell contains four whorls. The apical one is depressed. The characteristic scaly spines are hollow, fluted and cover profusely the surface. They are thrice-ranked on the penultimate whorl and six-ranked on the body whorl. Three of them are conspicuous, more particularly the one in both whorls just below the sutures. The three rows around the umbilicus are not so highly developed. The aperture is round. The horny operculum is multispiral. Distribution. This species occurs in the Red Sea, Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

liotiya isinakantha liotiya isinakantha hoise xagoriyo xamukor etaa projati, liyo 'tide poriyalor ek xamudrik gerspod mulasko. bornona. khuwar uschota 6 millimeter aaru byax 7.5 millimeter hoy. xoktixali, globe 'jo sweltu xoru aaru gobhirbhabe nabhijukto. iyar rong paatol koraa khoror dore. xeltut sarita ghurnon thaake. epicaltu bixonno hoi pore. boixistyopurno scaley merudondobur fapa, bahijukto aaru pristhobhagok jothesto porimane aawori raakhe. teuluke upantiyo worlot tinibar aaru bob 'di worlot soibar ranking laabh kore. iyare tinita lokhyoniyo, bixexkoi duyuta ghoror bhitorot thoka etaa, jitu xelair thik tolot aase. nabhir sariufale thoka tinita xaari imaan unnot nohoy. apersertu gul. horney oporkulam multispiral. bitoron. ei projatitu redd chi, umaan upoxagor aaru persian upoxagorot dekha yaay.

leotia ichinakantha leotia ichinakantha holl samudrik shamuker ekti prajati, jaa leotidae poribarer ekti samudrik gastropoid molask. bornona. kholer uchchota 6 mimmy ebong byasha 7.5 mimmy hoy. shaktishali, globoz shelti sangkirna ebong govirbhabe navijukto. err rongo facushey khader moto. kholtite charti ghurnan royeche. epical bishanna hoye porey. baisishtapurna scaley merudandaguli fanpa, banshiwala ebong pristhoke prachur porimane ddheke rakhe. taaraa upantiya ghurnayman sthane tinbar ebong boddy ghurnayman sthane chhoybar sthan peyeche. err modhye tinti susposhto, bishesh korey selaiyer thhik neeche ubhoy ghurnayman. navi charpasher tinti saari eto unnoto noy. chhidroti golakar. shringakar aperkulam multispiral. bitoron. eyi projatiti lohito sagor, oman uposagor ebong parosyo uposagore pawa yaay.

leotia ichinakantha leotia ichinkentha aee dariyai gokalgaayni aek prajaati chhe, jeey leotidae kutumbamaa dariyai gastropod mollsk chhe. varnan. shelnee unchai 6 meemee aneey vyaas 7.5 meemee sudhee pahonche chhe. majboot, golaakaar kavach sankuchit aneey undanpurvak nabhivalu hoya chhe. teno rung nistej stroo jevo hoya chhe. aaa kavachamaa chaar vartulo hoya chhe. epical depressed chhe. lakshaneek bhingdanwalu karodrajju khoto, vaansalivaadu hoya chhe aneey sapatine pushkal dhhanki deey chhe. teo upantya varla parr trana vakhat aneey bodee varla parr chh vakhat kramaankit chhe. temathi trana spasht chhe, khaas kareene taankaaoni neeche banne vartulomaa. nabhini aaspasni trana pankteeo aetali vikaseet nathee. chhidra golaakaar chhe. shingadavalu oparkyulam bahuveedh chhe. vitaran. aaa prajaati laal samudra, omanni khaadi aneey pertian khaadimaa jovaa maley chhe.

leotia ichinkantha leotia ichinkantha samudri ghonghe kii ack prajaati haye, joe leotidae parivaar mein ack samudri gastropod molsk haye. varnan. khol kii oonchaai 6 mimi aur vyaas 7.5 mimi taka pahunch jaati haye. majboot, globose khol sankeern aur gahari naabhi haye. iska rung peela bhusa hotaa haye. khol mein chaar chakkar hotey hain. epical avasaadgrast haye. vishisht papadeedaar merudand khokhale, bansuri vaale hotey hain aur satah koo bahut adhik dhaka dete hain. way antim chakkar mein teen baar aur shareer chakkar mein chhah baar rank kiye gaye hain. unamen seey teen vishisht hain, vishesh roop seey donon ghurnanon mein ack joe taanke key thheek neeche haye. naabhi key chaaron or kii teen panktiyaan itani vikasit naheen hain. chhidra goal haye. seeng kaa operculum bahu-shwasan haye. vitaran. yeh prajaati laal samudra, oman kii khaadi aur faras kii khaadi mein paaee jaati haye.

leotia echinakantha leotia echinakantha embudu samudrada basavana ondu prabhedavagiddu, idu leotidae kutumbada samudrada gastropod mrudvangi. vivarane. chippina ettaravu 6 mii. mea. mattu vyaasavu 7.5 mii. mea. taluputtade. balavaada, golaakaarada chippu chikkadaagide mattu aalavaada hokkulavannu hondide. idu masukaada onahullina bannavannu hondide. chippinalli naalku suruligalive. apical khinnatege olagaaguttade. vishishtavaada chippugalulla bennelubugalu tollaagiruttave, kolalugalinda koodiruttave mattu melmaiyannu heralavaagi muchchikolluttave. avaru upaantyada vrattadalli mooru sthanagalalli mattu dehada vrattadalli aaru sthanagalalliddare. avugalalli mooru eddukaanuvavu, visheshavaagi holigegala kelagiruva eradoo suruligalalli ondu. hokkulina suttalina mooru saalugalu ashtaagi abhivruddhi hondilla. dyutirandhravu dundaagiruttade. kombina operculum bahukoshiyavagide. vitarane. ee prabhedavu kempu samudra, oman kolli mattu pertian kolliyalli kandubaruttade.

leotia echinaakkantha leotidae kudumbatthile oru samudra gastropod molesk aaya kadal nathayude oru inamaanu leotia echinaakantha. vivaranam. shellinte uyaram 6 millimeterum vyaasam 7.5 millimeterum aanu. sakthamaaya globos shell idungiyathum aazhathilullathumaya pokkilaanu. ilam vaikkol niramaan ithinu. shellil naalu chakrangalundu. apical vishaadarogiyaanu. eee prathyekathakalulla cheliniramulla nattellukal pollayayathum pullaankuzhal ullathum uparithalathe valareyadhikam moodunnathumaanu. avar avasaanathe vorlil moonnu rankum body vorlil aarr rankum nediyittundu. avayil moonnennam prakadamaanu, prathyekichu thunnalukalk thottaduthulla rund chuttupaadukalilumulla onnu. pokkilinu chuttumulla moonnu varikal athra vikasichittilla. apperchar vrithaakruthiyilaanu. horney ooppatkulam multispiral aanu. vitharanam. chenkadal, omaan ulkkadal, pershyan ulkkadal ennividangalil eee inam kaanapedunnu.

leotia ichinakantha leotia ichinakantha hii sagari gogalgayinchi eka prajati aahe, jee leotiday kutumbatil sagari gastropod molsk aahe. varnan. kavach 6 miimii unchi aanee 7.5 miimii vyas gathate. majboot, golakar kavach heey sankuchit aanee kholvar nabhiyukt asate. tyacha rung fikat pendha asato. kavchamadhye chaar vartule asatat. apical vyakti nairashyagrast asate. kharujayukt kanaa heey vaishishtyapurn pokal, bamboodar asatat aanee prushthbhag mothya pramanat jhakatat. teey upantya verlover teen vela aanee boddy verlover sahaa vela kramvarit aahet. tyapaiki teen thalak aahet, visheshtah donhi vartulanmadhye asalelya eka vartulatalya eka vartulatalya shivanyanchya agadi khalee. nabhibhovatichya teen ranga itakya vikasit naheet. chhidra goal aahe. shinganche operculum heey bahuvidh asate. vitaran. hii prajati laal samudra, omanchya aakhatat aanee pertian aakhatat aadhalate.

leotia ichinakantha leotia ichinakantha samudri ghongha, leotiday pariwarma ek samudri gastrapod molaskako prajati how. warnan. kholko uchai 6 mimmy rar wyas 7.5 mimmy hunchha. baliyo, globos khol sankirna rar gahiro nabhiko hunchha. yasako rung fyaanlo paralajstai hunchha. kholama charawata ghumne hunchhan. epical depression bhaeko chha. wishishta khuttaka merudandharu khopa, baansuri rar satahalai prashasta rupma dhakchha. tiniharu antim wharlama tinn patak rar buddy wharlama chha-sthanma chhan. tee madhye tinawata spashta chhan, vishesh gari duwai ghumauroma silaiko tall. nabhiko waripari raheka tinawata panktiharu tyati uccha wiksit chhainan. aperture goal chha. shringakar aperakulam bahuspiral hunchha. witaran. yo prajati rato samudra, omanko khadi rar persiako khadima painchha.

leotia ichinakantha leotia ichinakantha heuchhi samudrika shamukar eka prajati, jaahaa leotiday paribarara eka samudrika gastropod molsk . barnana. kholara uchchata 6 mea. mea. ebong byasa 7.5 mea. mea. hoithae. shaktishali, globose shelti sankirna ebong gabhira nabhi . ehara ranga haluka khada bhali. ehi kholare charoti ghurnika rahichhi. apical depression hoithae. bisheshatwapurna scaley merudandagudika khola, bansheejukta ebong prusthaku prachur matrare aachadita kare . semane antim worl ray tini thara ebong sharira worl ray chhaa thara ranking ray achanti . segudika madhyaru tinoti spust, bisesh curry ubhaja ghurnare thiba gotie, jaahaa kebala selai tale rahichhi. nabhi charipakhare thiba tinoti dhadi ete unnat nuhen . ehara chhidra goal hoithae. shrungakara aparkulam heuchhi bahuspiral . bunton. ehi prajati lohita sagara, oman upasagara ebong parasya upasagarare dekhajae .

leotia echinakentha leotia echinakentha samundari ghuggi dee ikk prajati haii, joe leotiday parivaar witch ikk samundari gastropod molsk haii. varnan. shell dee uchaee 6 millimeter atey viaas 7.5 millimeter takk pahunchadi haii. mazboot, globos shell sankuchit atey dunghi dhundli hundi haii. iss daa rung peele toodi daa hunda haii. shell witch chaar ghungar hunde hunn. apical depression haii. vishesh khatte qann khokhle, bansari vaale hunde hunn atey satah noon bahut ziaada dhakk dinde hunn. uh aakhri varal utte tinn vaar atey baadi varal utte chhe vaar darje utte hunn. unhan vicchon tinn pratakh hunn, khaas taur utte tankiaan dey bilkul hethan dovan chakkar witch ikk. naabhi dey aale duaale deeaan tinn kataran inniaan ucchiaan vikast naheen hunn. aperture goal haii. singi operaculum multispiral haii. vandd. ih prajati laal saagar, oman dee khaadi atey farcy khaadi witch paaee jaandi haii.

layotia ichinakantaa layotia ichinakanta iti samudriya-shleshmasya ekaha prajaatih asti, yaa leotidae-kulasya samudriya-gastropod-molask asti. varnanam. koshasya oordhvataa 6 mii. mee., vyasa 7.5 mii. mee. cha bhavati. drudah, globose-koshah sankeernah, gabheerah cha naabhiyuktah bhavati. asya varnaha mlan-bhootsarah iva bhavati. shell ityasmin chatwaarah vruttaani santi. apical-vyaktihi avasaadagrastah asti. vishishtaani skeli-spain-ityetaani chhidraani, vaamsalee-yuktaani, prushtabhaagam atyantam aacchaadayanti cha. te upaantya-varl ityatra trigunita-sthaanam, shareer-varl ityatra shut-sthaanam cha santi. teshu trayah spashtaah santi, visheshatah ubhayoho vruttayoho, tantunam adhah eva. naabhi-paritah tribhihi panktibhihi atra adhikam vikaasah naa bhavati. chhidrah vruttaakaarah asti. shingayuktah aparkyulam bahwistareeyah asti. vitaranam. eshaa prajaatih raktasamudrasya, omanasya akhatasya, pertian-akhatasya cha madhye drushyate.

leodia echinakantha leodia echinakantha enbathu kadal natthai inamaagum, idhu leodidae kudumbaththaich saerntha oru kadal iraippaip paambu. vilakkam. shellin uyaram 6 mimee mattrum vittam 7.5 mimee aagum. valuvaana, clobus shell kurugiya mattrum aalamaana thoppul ullathu. idhu velir vaikkoalin niratthaik kondullathu. shell naanku suzhalgalaik kondullathu. appical manachchoarvadainthullathu. sirappiyalbu sethilgal konda muthukelumbu vetrtru, pullaangkuzhal mattrum maerparappai athigamaaga moodugirathu. avarkal iruthi suzharchiyil moontru muraiyum, udal suzharchiyil aaru muraiyum tharavarisaiyil ullanar. avattril moontru velippadaiyaanavai, kurippaaga thaiyalkalukkuk keezhae ulla irandu suzhalgalilum ulla ondru. thoppulaich suttriyulla moontru varisaigal avvalavu valarchiyadaiyavillai. thulai vattamaaga ullathu. kombu aruvaisigichchai palvagaiyaanathu. viniyoagam. inththa inam senkatal, ooman valaikuda mattrum paaraseeka valaikudaavil kaanappadugiradhu.

leotia echinakanta leotia echinakanta anedi samudra natta yokka oka jaathi, idhi leotidae kutumbaaniki chendina samudra gastropod molask. vivarana. shell yokka etthu 6 mimi mariyu vyaasam 7.5 mimi cherukuntundi. balamaina, globose shell irukainadi mariyu lothugaa boddu untundi. idhi laetha gaddi rangunu kaligi untundi. eee shell loe naalugu chakralu untaayi. apical depression loe undhi. eee pratyaekamaina pottu vennemukalu bolugaa, pullugalaviga untaayi mariyu uparitalaanni samruddhiga kapputaayi. vaaru chivari varl loe moodu saarlu mariyu boddy varl loe aaru saarlu rank pondaaru. vaatilo moodu spashtamgaa kanipistaayi, mukhyamgaa rendu chuttalalonivi kuttu krinda untaayi. boddu chuttoo unna moodu varusalu antagaa abhivruddhi chendaledu. randhram gundramgaa untundi. kommula operculum anedi bahula spiral. pampinhee. eee jaathi erra samudram, oman gulph mariyu pertian gulflo kanipistundi.

leotiya aichinakantha leotiya aichinakantha samandari ghonga kii eek nooa hay juu leutedy khaandaan mein eek samandari gastropod mollsk hay. wazahat. khool kii oonchayi 6 milly metter aur qatar 7.5 milly metter takk pahunch jaati hay. mazboot globos sheel tung aur gehri naal hay. iss kaa rung halkay bhusay jaisa hotaa hay. khool mein chaar chakar hotay haine. apkal afsardah hay. khool waali reedh kii huddy khokhli bansari waali hoti hay aur satah kuu kaafi hadd takk dahaanp leeti hay. wah aakhri chakar parr teen baar aur baadi chakar parr chh baar darjah bundi kartay haine. inn mein say teen numayan haine khaas toor parr donon ghodon mein juu tankay kay balkal neechey haine. naal kay ard gird teen qatarein atnee ziyadah tarqi yaaftah nahein haine. yaperture goal hay. seeng waala opericulum milty spreel hay. taqsim. yaha nooa bahirah ahmar emaan kii khaleej aur faars kii khaleej mein payee jaati hay.

000244b0930a388d3a650fe25fa4bd096c673130259e7b41d03193a14fb4619d

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=79845

Amarna

Amarna 1346–1332 BC capital of Ancient Egypt under Akhenaten Amarna (; ) is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site containing the remains of what was the capital city of the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The city was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, and abandoned shortly after his death in 1332 BC. The name that the ancient Egyptians used for the city is transliterated as Akhetaten or Akhetaton, meaning "the horizon of the Aten". The site is on the east bank of the Nile River, in what today is the Egyptian province of Minya. It is about south of the city of al-Minya, south of the Egyptian capital, Cairo, and north of Luxor (site of the previous capital, Thebes). The city of Deir Mawas lies directly to its west. On the east side of Amarna there are several modern villages, the chief of which are l-Till in the north and el-Hagg Qandil in the south. Activity in the region flourished from the Amarna Period until the later Roman era. Name. The name "Amarna" comes from the Beni Amran tribe that lived in the region and founded a few settlements. The ancient Egyptian name was Akhetaten. English Egyptologist Sir John Gardner Wilkinson visited Amarna twice in the 1820s and identified it as Alabastron, following the sometimes contradictory descriptions of Roman-era authors Pliny ("On Stones") and Ptolemy ("Geography"), although he was not sure about the identification and suggested Kom el-Ahmar as an alternative location. City of Akhetaten. Royal Wadi Workmen's village Tomb of Akhenaten Northern tombs Southern tombs Stelae U Desert altars Maru-Aten Northern Palace North City Kom el-Nana Stelae H Great Aten Temple The area of the city was effectively a virgin site, and it was this city that Akhetaten described as the Aten's "seat of the First Occasion, which he had made for himself that he might rest in it". It may be that the Royal Wadi's resemblance to the hieroglyph for "horizon" showed that this was the place to found the city. The city was built as the new capital of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, dedicated to his new religion of worship to the Aten. Construction started in or around Year 5 of his reign (1346 BC) and was probably completed by Year 9 (1341 BC), although it became the capital city two years earlier. To speed up construction of the city most of the buildings were constructed out of mudbrick, and white washed. The most important buildings were faced with local stone. It is the only ancient Egyptian city which preserves great details of its internal plan, in large part because the city was abandoned after the death of Akhenaten, when Akhenaten's son, King Tutankhamun, decided to leave the city and return to his birthplace in Thebes (modern Luxor). The city seems to have remained active for a decade or so after his death, and a shrine to Horemheb indicates that it was at least partially occupied at the beginning of his reign, if only as a source for building material elsewhere. Once it was abandoned, it remained uninhabited until Roman settlement began along the edge of the Nile. However, due to the unique circumstances of its creation and abandonment, it is questionable how representative of ancient Egyptian cities it actually is. Amarna was hastily constructed and covered an area of approximately of territory on the east bank of the Nile River; on the west bank, land was set aside to provide crops for the city's population. The entire city was encircled with a total of 14 boundary stelae detailing Akhenaten's conditions for the establishment of this new capital city of Egypt. The earliest dated stele from Akhenaten's new city is known to be "Boundary stele K" which is dated to Year 5, IV Peret (or month 8), day 13 of Akhenaten's reign. (Most of the original 14 boundary stelae have been badly eroded.) It preserves an account of Akhenaten's foundation of this city. The document records the pharaoh's wish to have several temples of the Aten to be erected here, for several royal tombs to be created in the eastern hills of Amarna for himself, his chief wife Nefertiti, and his eldest daughter Meritaten as well as his explicit command that when he was dead, he would be brought back to Amarna for burial. Boundary stela K introduces a description of the events that were being celebrated at Amarna: <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />His Majesty mounted a great chariot of electrum, like the Aten when He rises on the horizon and fills the land with His love, and took a goodly road to Akhetaten, the place of origin, which [the Aten] had created for Himself that he might be happy therein. It was His son Wa'enrē [i.e. Akhenaten] who founded it for Him as His monument when His Father commanded him to make it. Heaven was joyful, the earth was glad every heart was filled with delight when they beheld him. This text then goes on to state that Akhenaten made a great oblation to the god Aten "and this is the theme [of the occasion] which is illustrated in the lunettes of the stelae where he stands with his queen and eldest daughter before an altar heaped with offerings under the Aten, while it shines upon him rejuvenating his body with its rays." Site and plan. Located on the east bank of the Nile, the ruins of the city are laid out roughly north to south along a "Royal Road", now referred to as "Sikhet es-Sultan". The Royal residences are generally to the north, in what is known as the North City, with a central administration and religious area and the south of the city is made up of residential suburbs. North City. If one approached the city of Amarna from the north by river the first buildings past the northern boundary stele would be the North Riverside Palace. This building ran all the way up to the waterfront and was likely the main residence of the royal family. Located within the North City area is the Northern Palace, the main residence of the royal family. Between this and the central city, the Northern Suburb was initially a prosperous area with large houses, but the house size decreased and became poorer the further from the road they were. Central City. Most of the important ceremonial and administrative buildings were located in the central city. Here the Great Temple of the Aten and the Small Aten Temple were used for religious functions and between these the Great Royal Palace and Royal Residence were the ceremonial residence of the king and royal family, and were linked by a bridge or ramp. Located behind the Royal Residence was the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh, where the Amarna Letters were found. This area was probably the first area to be completed, and had at least two phases of construction. Southern suburbs. To the south of the city was the area now referred to as the "Southern Suburbs". It contained the estates of many of the city's powerful nobles, including Nakhtpaaten (Chief Minister), Ranefer, Panehesy (High Priest of the Aten), and Ramose (Master of Horses). This area also held the studio of the sculptor Thutmose, where the famous bust of Nefertiti was found in 1912. Further to the south of the city was Kom el-Nana, an enclosure, usually referred to as a "sun-shade", and was probably built as a sun-temple., and then the Maru-Aten, which was a palace or sun-temple originally thought to have been constructed for Akhenaten's queen Kiya, but on her death her name and images were altered to those of Meritaten, his daughter. City outskirts. Surrounding the city and marking its extent, the Boundary Stelae (each a rectangle of carved rock on the cliffs on both sides of the Nile) describing the founding of the city are a primary source of information about it. Away from the city Akhenaten's Royal necropolis was started in a narrow valley to the east of the city, hidden in the cliffs. Only one tomb was completed, and was used by an unnamed Royal Wife, and Akhenaten's tomb was hastily used to hold him and likely Meketaten, his second daughter. In the cliffs to the north and south of the Royal Wadi, the nobles of the city constructed their Tombs. Life in ancient Amarna/Akhetaten. Much of what is known about Amarna's founding is due to the preservation of a series of official boundary stelae (13 are known) ringing the perimeter of the city. These are cut into the cliffs on both sides of the Nile (10 on the east, 3 on the west) and record the events of Akhetaten (Amarna) from founding to just before its fall. To make the move from Thebes to Amarna, Akhenaten needed the support of the military. Ay, one of Akhenaten's principal advisors, exercised great influence in this area because his father Yuya had been an important military leader. Additionally, everyone in the military had grown up together, they had been a part of the richest and most successful period in Egypt's history under Akhenaten's father, so loyalty among the ranks was strong and unwavering. Perhaps most importantly, "it was a military whose massed ranks the king took every opportunity to celebrate in temple reliefs, first at Thebes and later at Amarna." Religious life. While the reforms of Akhenaten are generally believed to have been oriented towards a sort of monotheism, or perhaps more accurately, monolatrism, archaeological evidence shows other deities were also revered, even at the centre of the Aten cult – if not officially, then at least by the people who lived and worked there. ... at Akhetaten itself, recent excavation by Kemp (2008: 41–46) has shown the presence of objects that depict gods, goddesses and symbols that belong to the traditional field of personal belief. So many examples of Bes, the grotesque dwarf figure who warded off evil spirits, have been found, as well as of the goddess-monster, Taweret, part crocodile, part hippopotamus, who was associated with childbirth. Also in the royal workmen's village at Akhetaten, stelae dedicated to Isis and Shed have been discovered (Watterson 1984: 158 & 208). Amarna art-style. The Amarna art-style broke with long-established Egyptian conventions. Unlike the strict idealistic formalism of previous Egyptian art, it depicted its subjects more realistically. These included informal scenes, such as intimate portrayals of affection within the royal family or playing with their children, and no longer portrayed women as lighter coloured than men. The art also had a realism that sometimes borders on caricature. While the worship of Aten was later referred to as the Amarna heresy and suppressed, this art had a more lasting legacy. Rediscovery and excavation. 18th and 19th century excavations. The first western mention of the city was made in 1714 by Claude Sicard, a French Jesuit priest who was travelling through the Nile Valley, and described the boundary stela from Amarna. As with much of Egypt, it was visited by Napoleon's "corps de savants" in 1798–1799, who prepared the first detailed map of Amarna, which was subsequently published in "Description de l'Égypte" between 1821 and 1830. After this European exploration continued in 1824 when Sir John Gardiner Wilkinson explored and mapped the city remains. The copyist Robert Hay and his surveyor G. Laver visited the locality and uncovered several of the Southern Tombs from sand drifts, recording the reliefs in 1833. The copies made by Hay and Laver languish largely unpublished in the British Library, where an ongoing project to identify their locations is underway. The Prussian expedition led by Richard Lepsius visited the site in 1843 and 1845, and recorded the visible monuments and topography of Amarna in two separate visits over a total of twelve days, using drawings and paper squeezes. The results were ultimately published in "Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien" between 1849 and 1913, including an improved map of the city. Despite being somewhat limited in accuracy, the engraved "Denkmäler" plates formed the basis for scholastic knowledge and interpretation of many of the scenes and inscriptions in the private tombs and some of the Boundary Stelae for the rest of the century. The records made by these early explorers teams are of immense importance since many of these remains were later destroyed or otherwise lost. The Amarna letters. In 1887, a local woman digging for "sebakh" uncovered a cache of over 300 cuneiform tablets (now commonly known as the Amarna Letters). These tablets recorded select diplomatic correspondence of the Pharaoh and were predominantly written in Akkadian, the "lingua franca" commonly used during the Late Bronze Age of the Ancient Near East for such communication. This discovery led to the recognition of the importance of the site, and led to a further increase in exploration. Excavation of the king's tomb. Between 1891 and 1892 Alessandro Barsanti discovered and cleared the king's tomb (although it was probably known to the local population from about 1880). Around the same time Sir Flinders Petrie worked for one season at Amarna, working independently of the Egypt Exploration Fund. He excavated primarily in the Central City, investigating the Great Temple of the Aten, the Great Official Palace, the King's House, the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh, and several private houses. Although frequently amounting to little more than a sondage, Petrie's excavations revealed additional cuneiform tablets, the remains of several glass factories, and a great quantity of discarded faience, glass, and ceramic in sifting the palace rubbish heaps (including Mycenaean sherds). By publishing his results and reconstructions rapidly, Petrie was able to stimulate further interest in the site's potential. 20th century excavations. The copyist and artist Norman de Garis Davies published drawn and photographic descriptions of private tombs and boundary stelae from Amarna from 1903 to 1908. These books were republished by the EES in 2006. In the early years of the 20th century (1907 to 1914) the Deutsche Orientgesellschaft expedition, led by Ludwig Borchardt, excavated extensively throughout the North and South suburbs of the city. The famous bust of Nefertiti, now in Berlin's Ägyptisches Museum, was discovered amongst other sculptural artefacts in the workshop of the sculptor Thutmose. The outbreak of the First World War in August 1914 terminated the German excavations. From 1921 to 1936 an Egypt Exploration Society expedition returned to excavation at Amarna under the direction of T.E. Peet, Sir Leonard Woolley, Henri Frankfort, Stephen Glanville, and John Pendlebury. Mary Chubb served as the digs administrator. The renewed investigations were focused on religious and royal structures. During the 1960s the Egyptian Antiquities Organization (now the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities) undertook a number of excavations at Amarna. 21st century excavations. Exploration of the city continues to the present, currently under the direction of Barry Kemp (Emeritus Professor in Egyptology, University of Cambridge, England) (until 2006, under the auspices of the Egypt Exploration Society and now with the ). In 1980 a separate expedition led by Geoffrey Martin described and copied the reliefs from the Royal Tomb, later publishing its findings together with objects thought to have come from the tomb. This work was published in 2 volumes by the EES. From 2005 to 2013, the Amarna Project excavated at a cemetery of private individuals, close to the southern tombs of the Nobles. In media. Fictional. "The Painted Queen" written by the famous Elizabeth Peters a.k.a Barbara Mertz is the most recent installment to the Amelia Peabody novels after the author's passing in 2013. Elizabeth Peters was a school trained archaeologist, but was persuaded by her male colleagues that a woman was not to be an archaeologist, so "she created characters based on those misogynistic Egyptologists..." as stated by Sarah Parcak, a female archaeologist that specializes in remote sensing. The adventure stars a female archaeologist Amelia Peabody and the mystery of the missing Bust of Nefertiti. The Painted Queen takes place in the 1912, several years after the actual excavations at Amarna, when excavations in Egypt are solely European, local hires, or looters. Like all good mystery novels, there is humor, twists, and turns, and a predictable ending of a solved case. "Nefertiti" by Michelle Moran is a historical fiction work that guides the reader from the perspective of Queen Nefertiti and her younger sister Mutnodjmet. The story follows the timeline from her time in Thebes to Amarna and after Akhenaten's death. Nefertiti was the Chief wife in Akhenaten's court or haram. Though she is well known by name, as many historical female role models, her story is often overlooked for masculine rulers. Michelle Moran webs her story of the queen and her sister with political secrets, loss of innocence, and female strength in a patriarchal society. Non-fictional. "The City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti: Amarna and its People" by Barry Kemp, discusses everything from the conception of Amarna to the abandonment of the city. Within the book are images that display art, architecture, and the city as it was (reconstructed) and now. It also has a short chapter written by Kemp in the book "Cities That Shaped the Ancient World". Magazines. In the past years "National Geographic" and archaeological articles have published articles on Amarna, Akhenaten, Tutankhamun, or Nefertiti. Most of the article can be found in both the paperback or on the National Geographic website (currently the most recent article was published January 2021). Opera. "Akhnaten", act II, scene 3 ("The City") by Philip Glass describes the mandate from Akhenaten to build Akhetaten. In the English lines, it is consistently referred to as the "City of the Horizon". Notes. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

omorna omorna (;) hoise aathor xotikar xexor faale rajdhani sohoror owoxisto thoka ek bistrito ijiptor puratatwik sthan. khristopurbo 1346 sonot faaru aakhentenor dixot nirman koraa ei sohorkhon protistha koraa hoisil aaru khristopurbo 1332 sonot teur mrityur kichu xomoyor pisote iyak tyag koraa hoisil. prasin ijiptor lukoxokole sohorkhonor baabe byobohar koraa naamtu ingrajit aakhetaten baa aakhetoton hisape lipyontorito koraa hoise, jaar ortho hoise "etenor digonto". ei sthantu naail nodir pubo paarot aase, ji aaji ijiptor minia prodex. ee aal-minia sohoror pray dokhyine, ijiptor rajdhani kairur dokhyine aaru laxoror uttore (purbor rajdhani thibosor sthan). deir mawar sohorkhon iyar punpotiyakoi poschim dixot owosthito. omornar pubo dixot keibatau aadhunik gaau aase, jaar mukhyobur uttorot el-till aaru dokhyine el-haag kandil. omorna jugor poraa poroborti ruman jugoloike oncholtut karzokolap bikoxito hoisil. naam. omorna" naamtu ei oncholot baax koraa aaru keitaman boxoti sthapon koraa beni aamran jonojatir poraa aahise. prasin ijiptor naam aasil aakhetaten. ingraj ijiptobigyani chaar john gardner wilkinxone 1820 sonot dubar omorna bhromon korisil aaru iyak alabastron hisape sinakto korisil, ketiyaba ruman jugor lekhok pliny ("ono stone") aaru tolemi ("geography") ror birudhi bornona onuxori, jodiu teu sinaktokoronor bixoye nischito nasil aaru komm el-aahmarok bikolpo sthan hisape poramorxo disil. aakhetatenor sohor. sohorkhonor oncholtu karzokoribhabe ek kumari sthan aasil, aaru ei sohorkhonok aakhetatene etenor "prothom onusthanor aaxon" hisape bornona korisil, jitu teu nijor baabe nirman korisil jaate teu taat bisram koribo paare. eitu hoh 'bob paare je rajokiyo wadir "digonto" ror baabe hyroglyphor xoite xadrisyoi dekhuwaisil je eitu sohortu bisari puwa thaai aasil. sohorkhon faaru aakhentenor notun rajdhani hisape nirman koraa hoisil, ji teur notun upaxonar dhormor proti utxorgikrito aasil. teur rajotwor 5 bosorot baa taar aaxe-paxe (1346 khristopurbo) nirman aarombho hoisil aaru xombhobotoh 9 bosorot (1341 khristopurbo) xompurno hoisil, jodiu ee dubosor aagote rajdhani sohor hoi porisil. sohorkhonor nirmanor goti briddhi koriboloi besibhag ottalika buka itaare nirman koraa hoisil, aaru bogaa rongore dhuwa hoisil. ataitkoi guruttopurno ottalikabur sthaniyo xilor xoite mukh kori aasil. ee hoise ekmatro prasin ijiptor sohor ji iyar abhyontorin porikolponar brihot biboron xongrokhyon kore, brihot ongxot kaaron aakhentenor mrityur pisot sohorkhon porityag koraa hoisil, jetiya aakhentenor putro, roja tutankhamun, sohortu eri teur jonmosthan thibcholoi (aadhunik bilaxita) ubhoti juwar xiddhanto loisil. teur mrityur pisot ek doxok baa taaru odhik xomoy dhori sohorkhon xokriyo hoi thoka zen laage, aaru huremhebor etaa mondire ingito diye je teur rajotwor aarombhonite ee ontotoh angxikbhabe dokhol koraa aasil, jodi kewol aan thait nirman xamogrir utxo hisapehe hoy. ebaar iyak porityag korar pisot, nailor paarot ruman boxoti aarombho nuhuwaloike ee jonoboxotihin hoi aasil. obosye, iyar sristi aaru porityagor ononyo poristhitir baabe, ee prokritote prasin ijiptor sohorxomuhor protinidhitwo kore buli prosno utthapon hoy. omornak xunkale nirman koraa hoisil aaru naail nodir pubo paarot pray ek onchol xamori luwa hoisil; poschim paarot, sohoror jonoxongkhyar baabe xosyo jugan dhoriboloi bhumi prithok koraa hoisil. xomogro sohorkhon muth 14taa ximare aawori aasil zo 'too ijiptor ei notun rajdhani sohorkhon sthaponor baabe okhenatenor poristhitir bixod biboron diya hoisil. aakhentenor notun sohoror ataitkoi puroni tarikhor steltu "boundary stell key" buli jonaa yaay jitu aakhentenor rajotwor bosor 5, soturtho peret (baa maah 8), dinn 13ror tarikhor. (mool 14taa boundary steller besibhagei beyaa dhorone khyoy hoi goise.) ee ei sohorkhonor okhenatenor bhetir biboron xongrokhyon kore. dostabejtut foruhonor issa lipibodho koraa hoise je iyat aatenor keibatau mondir sthapon koraa hoh 'bob, jaate teur baabe, teur mukhyo potni nefertitir baabe aaru teur jyestho konya maritatenor baabe aarnar pubo paharot keibatau rajokiyo xomadhi sristi koraa hoy aaru logote teur sposto aadex je teur mrityu huwar pisot teuk xomadhistho koriboloi aarnaloi ghurai onaa hoh' bob. boundary stella key-e omornat udjapon koraa ghotonaxomuhor biboron proborton koreh ei pathtut tetiya kuwa hoise je okhenatene debota etenor proti ek mohan noibedyo aagborhaisil "aaru eitu hoise [onusthanor] bixoybostu jitu steller lonetot sitrito koraa hoise zo 'too teu teur rani aaru jyestho konyar xoite etenor tolot noibedyore bhora etaa bedir xonmukhot thiyo hoi aase, aanhate ee teur uporot iyar roshmire teur xorirok punorujjibito kori ujjwol kore." sait aaru porikolpona. nailor pubo paarot owosthito, sohorkhonor dhongxawoxexbur pray uttoror poraa dokhyine "rajokiyo poth" ror kaxot sthapon koraa hoise, jaak etiya "xikhet ess-sultan" buli kuwa hoy. rajokiyo baxosthanbur xadharonote uttor dixot, jituk uttor sohor buli jonaa yaay, kendriyo proxaxon aaru dhormiyo oncholor xoite aaru sohoror dokhyine awaxik uponogorere gothito. uttor sohor. jodi kunuwe nodir paare uttoror poraa omorna sohoror usoroloi yaay tente uttor ximar paar hoi juwa prothom ottalikabur hoh 'bob uttor nodir paarot thoka praxad. ei ottalikatu panir kaxoloike goisil aaru xombhobotoh rajporiyalor mukhyo baxosthan aasil. uttor sohor oncholor bhitorot owosthito uttor praxadtu rajporiyalor mukhyo baxosthan. ei aaru kendriyo sohoror maajot, uttor uponogortu prothomote brihot ghoror xoite ek xomridhixali onchol aasil, kintu ghoror aakar hraax paisil aaru teulukor pothor poraa odhik durbol hoi porisil. kendriyo sohor. besibhag guruttopurno anusthanik aaru proxaxonik bhowon kendriyo sohorkhonot owosthito aasil. iyat etenor mohan mondir aaru xoru eten mondirtu dhormiyo karjyor baabe byobohar koraa hoisil aaru iyar maajot mohan rajpraxad aaru rajokiyo baxosthan aasil roja aaru rajporiyalor anusthanik baxosthan, aaru iyak etaa dolong baa rempor dwara xongzukto koraa hoisil. rajokiyo baxosthanor pisfale thoka farur sithipotror byur "aasil, zo" too omornar sithibur puwa goisil. ei oncholtu xombhobotoh xompurno huwa prothom onchol aasil, aaru iyat nirmanor komeu dutaa porzay aasil. dokhyin uponogor. sohorkhonor dokhyine thoka oncholtu etiya "dokhyin uponogor" buli ullekh koraa hoisil. iyat nokhotpaten (mukhyomontri), ranefar, penehesi (etenor prodhan puruhito), aaru ramuj (ghurar probhu) xoho sohoror bohutu xoktixali rajokiyo lukor xompoti aasil. ei oncholot bhaskorjoxilpi thutom 'sor studio' u aasil, zo 'too 1912 sonot nefertitir bikhyat aabokhyo murtitu puwa goisil. sohorkhonor dokhyin dixot komm el-naana naamor etaa poriwex aasil, jaak xadharonote "xurjyo-saya" buli kuwa hoy, aaru xombhobotoh xurzo-mondir hisape nirman koraa hoisil.aaru taar pisot maaru-aaten, jitu etaa praxad baa xurjyo-mondir aasil, jitu mulotoh aakhentenor rani kiyar baabe nirman koraa hoisil buli bhoba hoisil, kintu teur mrityur pisot teur naam aaru sobibur xoloni kori teur konya maritatenor naam koraa hoisil. sohoror upokontho. sohorkhonor sariufale thoka aaru iyar porixor sinhito koraa, xeema stela (nailor duyufale thoka xilor uporot khudit xilor protitu ayotkhyetro) sohorkhonor protisthar bornona koratu iyar bixoye tothyor ek prathomik utxo. sohoror poraa aatorot okhenatenor rajokiyo xomadhi nogoror pubo dixot thoka etaa thek upotyokat aarombho hoisil, ji paharor paarot lukai aasil. kewol etaa xomadhi xompurno hoisil, aaru naambihin rajokiyo potniye iyak byobohar korisil, aaru okhenatenor xomadhitu teuk dhori rakhiboloi xunkale byobohar koraa hoisil aaru xombhobotoh teur dwitiyo konya meketaten. rajokiyo warir uttor aaru dokhyine thoka paharot, sohorkhonor rajkiyoxokole teulukor xomadhi nirman korisil. prasin omorna/aakhetatenot jiwan. omornar protisthar bixoye ji jonaa yaay taar besibhagei sohorkhonor porixorot rongin koraa sorkari xeema stele (13 john gyat) ror sringkhola xongrokhyonor baabe. eibur nailor duyufale thoka xilakhondot kaati diya hoy (pube 10, poschime 3) aaru protisthaponor poraa iyar potonor thik aagote aakhetaten (omorna) ror ghotonaxomuh lipibodho koraa hoy. thebesor poraa omornaloi jaboloi, okhenatenok xamorik bahinir xomorthonor proyujon hoisil. okhenatenor onyotomo mukhyo upodesta aaye ei oncholot jothesto probhab pelaisil kaaron teur pitri iuya ejon guruttopurno xamorik netaa aasil. iyar uporiu, xamorik bahinir xokoluwe ekeloge dangor hoisil, teuluk aakhentenor pitrir odhinot ijiptor itihaxor ataitkoi dhoni aaru xofol xomoyor ongxo aasil, xeyehe podor maajot anugotyo xoktixali aaru otol aasil. xombhobotoh ataitkoi guruttopurno kothatu hoh "lo," eitu etaa xamorik bahini aasil jaar gono raase prothome thebesot aaru pisot omornat mondiror aarhir rupangkon udjapon korar protitu xujug loisil." dhormiyo jiwan. jodiu aakhentenor xongskar xadharonote ek dhoronor ekesworbador proti, baa hoyotu odhik xothikbhabe, ekesworbador proti nirbhorxil buli biswax koraa hoy, protnotatwik promanoi dekhuway je aan debotaxokoloku xonman koraa hoisil, aanoki eten cultor kendrotu-jodi anusthanikbhabe nohoy, tente komeu taat baax koraa aaru kaam koraa lukoxokolor dwara. ... aakhetatenot, kempor xehotiya khonon (2008:41-46) too debota, debi aaru protikxomuhok sitrito koraa bostur uposthiti dekhuuwa hoise ji byoktigoto biswaxor poromporagot khyetror ontorgoto. dusto aatmar poraa aatorai niya odbhut baamon aakritir logote debi-rakhyox, toweret, aangxik ghoriyal, ongxo hippo 'putamasor bohutu udahoron puwa goise, jigoraki xontan jonmor xoite jorito aasil. logote aakhetatenot thoka rajokiyo kormir gaont aaisis aaru swedok utxorgito stella abiskar koraa hoise (waterson 1984:158 & 208). omorna kolaa xoili. omorna kolaa-xoili dirghodiniya ijiptor poromporaxomuhor xoite bhongo hoisil. purbor ijiptor kolar kothur aadorxobadi anusthanikotar biporite, ee iyar bixoixomuhok odhik bastobbadibhabe sitrito korisil. iyar bhitorot aasil onanusthanik drishyo, jene rajporiyalor bhitorot moromor ghonistho chitron baa teulukor xontanor xoite khelaa, aaru mohilaxokolok puruxotkoi paatol rongor hisape sitrito koraa nohoy. ei kolar ek bastobbadou aasil ji ketiyaba sitrositror uporot aadharito aasil. jodiu etenor upaxonak pisoloi omorna dhormonistha aaru domon buli kuwa hoisil, ei kolar ek odhik sthayi uttoradhikar aasil. punor abiskar aaru khonon. 18xo aaru 19xo xotikar khonon. 1714 sonot naail upotyokar maajere jatra kori thoka ejon france jesuit puruhito cloud sikarde sohorkhonor prothom poschimiya ullekh korisil aaru omornar poraa xeema stelar bornona korisil. ijiptor besibhag oncholor dore, iyak nepolionor "korpos di savants"-e 1798-1799-too bhromon korisil, jiye omornar prothom bixod manchitro prostut korisil, jitu poroborti xomoyot 1821 sonor poraa 1830 sonor bhitorot "discoription di el 'agypte" too prokax paisil. ei europiyo onwexonor pisot 1824 sonot chaar john gardiner wilkinsone sohorkhonor owoxistoxomuh onwexon aaru manchitron korar xomoyot obyahot rakhisil. copister robert hey aaru teur joripokar ji. lebhare oncholtu bhromon korisil aaru baalir poraa uluwa dokhyinor keibatau xomadhi unmuson korisil, 1833 sonot aarhir record korisil. hey aaru lebhare toiyar koraa protilipibur besibhagei britis puthibhoralot prokaxito huwa nasil, zo 'too teulukor sthan sinakto korar baabe soli thoka prokolpo soli aase. rechard lepsiasor netritwot prusian obhijane 1843 aaru 1845 sonot ei sthan bhromon korisil, aaru aaka aaru kagojor screws byobohar kori muth baar dinot dutaa prithok bhromonot omornar drishyoman smritixoudho aaru bhu-aakriti lipibodho korisil. folafolxomuh owoxexot 1849 aaru 1913 sonor bhitorot "denkmalor ouse egyptain aand ethiopian" too prokax paisil, zo "too sohorkhonor ek unnot manchitro ontorbhukto aasil. xothikotat kichu porimane ximito huwar swotweu, khudit "denkmalor" platebure byoktigoto xomadhi aaru baaki xotikar baabe kisuman xeema stombhor bohutu drishyo aaru xilalipir pandityopurno gyan aaru byakhyar aadhar gothon korisil. ei prarombhik onwexonkari dolxomuhe koraa obhilekhxomuh oti guruttopurno kiyonu iyare bohutu owoxisto pisot dhongxo koraa hoisil baa onyotha herai goisil. omornar sithibur. 1887 sonot "sebakh" ror baabe khonon koraa egoraki sthaniyo mohilai 300ru odhik cuniform tabletor (etiya xadharonote omorna sithi hisape jonajat) kese uddhar korisil. ei folokbure farur nirbasito kutnoitik sithipotro lipibodho korisil aaru prodhankoi okarian bhaxat likha hoisil, jitu xadharonote ene jugajugor baabe prasin nikot pubor bronz jugor xexor faale byobohrito "lingua franka". ei abiskare ei sthanor gurutwor swikriti disil, aaru onwexonot aaru odhik briddhi ghotaisil. rojar xomadhir khonon. 1891 sonor poraa 1892 sonor bhitorot alesandru barantiye rojar xomadhi abiskar kori iyak poriskar korisil (jodiu eitu xombhobotoh sthaniyo jonoxadharonor maajot pray 1880 sonor poraa jonaa goisil). pray eke xomoyote chaar flinders petriye ijiptor onwexon pujir poraa swadhinbhabe kaam kori omornat etaa sijonor baabe kaam korisil. teu prodhankoi kendriyo sohorot khonon korisil, aatenor mohan mondir, mohan sorkari praxad, rojar ghor, farur sithipotro byuru aaru keibatau byoktigoto ghoror todonto korisil. jodiu xoghonai ek xondejotkoi olop besi porimanor hoy, petrir khononot otirikto cuniform tablet, keibatau kasor karkhanar owoxisto, aaru praxador aaborjonar stup (mycenian swerdxoho) sift korat brihot porimanor porityokto fayence, kaach, aaru siramik prokax paisil. teur folafol aaru punor nirman drutogotit prokax kori, petriye saittur xombhawonar proti odhik aagroh jagrot koriboloi xokhyom hoisil. 20xo xotikar khonon. 1903 sonor poraa 1908 sonoloike aamornar byoktigoto xomadhi aaru boundary steller chitro aaru bornona prokax koraa copisto aaru xilpi norman di garis debhije ei kitapbur 2006 sonot ee. ee. ess.-ror dwara punor prokax koraa hoisil. 20 xotikar prarombhik bosorburot (1907-ror poraa 1914) ludwig borchardor netritwot doiche orientagelsaft obhijane sohorkhonor uttor aaru dokhyin uponogorot byapokbhabe khonon korisil. bortoman barlinor egyptis xongrohaloyot thoka nefertitir bikhyat aabokhyo murtitu bhaskorjyor thutom 'sor kormoxalat onyanyo bhaskorjyor protnotatwik xamogrir bhitorot abiskar koraa hoisil. 1914 sonor aagosto maahot prothom biswojudhor aarombhonir folot german khonon xomapto hoisil. 1921 sonor poraa 1936 sonoloike ijiptor ek onwexon xomajor obhijane ti-ror nirdexot omornat khonon koriboloi ubhoti aahisil.ee. piit, chaar leonard uloli, henori frankfort, stephen glanville, aaru john pendolbori. meree sube khonon proxaxok hisape kaam korisil. nobikoron koraa todontobur dhormiyo aaru rajokiyo gathonir uporot kendribhut aasil. 1960-ror doxokot ijiptor protnotatwik xongothone (bortoman ijiptor protnotatwik xorbuscho porixod) omornat keibatau khonon kaarzo haatot loisil. ekbingxo xotikar khonon. bortoman beri kemp (egyptologyr emoritus odhyapok, cambridge biswobidyaloy, england) ror nirdexonat (2006 sonoloike, ijipto onwexon xomajor pristhopuxokotat aaru etiyar xoite) sohorkhonor onwexon bortomanoloike obyahot aase. 1980 sonot jiufre martine netritwo diya ek prithok obhijane rajokiyo xomadhir poraa aarhir bhaskorjyoxomuh bornona korisil aaru kopi korisil, pisot xomadhir poraa ohaa buli bhoba bostur xoite iyar xondhanbur ekeloge prokax korisil. ei kaamtu 2 khondot ee. ee. ess.-ror dwara prokax koraa hoisil. 2005 sonor poraa 2013 sonoloike, omorna prokolpotu rajokiyoxokolor dokhyinor xomadhir usoror byoktigoto byoktixokolor etaa koborsthanot khonon koraa hoisil. xongbad madhyomot. kalponik. "bikhyat elizabeth pieters e-ror dwara likha "rong koraa rani".key.2013 sonot lekhokjonor mrityur pisot e barbara mertz hoise emelia pibo "di uponyaxor ataitkoi xehotiya kisti. elizabeth pieters egoraki bidyaloyor proxikhito puratotwobid aasil, kintu teur purux xohokormixokole teuk biswax koraisil je egoraki mohila puratotwobid noho 'bob, xeyehe" teu xei mohila bidwexi ijiptobidxokolor uporot aadharito kori soritro sristi korisil..."rim" tot sensingor bixexogyo egoraki mohila puratotwobid sarah parkake kuwa onuxori. ei duxahxik obhijantut egoraki mohila puratotwobid emelia peebodi aaru nefertitir niruddex huwa aabokhyo murtir rohosyor taroka aase. 1912 sonot aarnat prokrito khononor keiba bosoror pisot rong koraa ranir sthan luwa hoy, jetiya ijiptot khonon kewol europiyo, sthaniyo bharatia baa lutkari hoy. xokolu bhaal rohosyo uponyaxor dore iyat haisyorox, rupantor aaru poriworton aase, aaru etaa xomadhan koraa gusoror purbanumanjugyo xomapti aase. "michael muranor "nephartiti" hoise ek oitihaxik kolpokahini ji rani nephartiti aaru teur xoru bhogni mutondjemetor dristikunor poraa pathokok poth dekhuway. kahinituwe thibesot teur xomoyor poraa aarombho kori omorna aaru okhenatenor mrityur pisot xomoixusi onuxoron kore. nephartiti aasil aakhenotenor dorbar baa horamor mukhyo potni. jodiu teu naamor dwara xuporisito, bohutu oitihaxik mohila rul model hisape, teur kahinitu praye purux xaxokxokolor baabe upekhya koraa hoy. michael murane rani aaru teur bhognir kahinitu rajnoitik guponiyota, nirduxotar khyoti, aaru pitrixotak xomajot mohila xoktir xoite web kore. okolponiyo. "akhanaten aaru nephertiti sohoroh omorna aaru iyar lukoxokol" baari kempe omornar dharonar poraa aarombho kori sohorkhonor porityagoloike xokolu bixoye alusona kore. kitapkhonor bhitorot ene sobixomuh aase jibure kolaa, sthapotyo aaru sohorkhon ji dhoronor aasil (punor nirman) aaru etiya aase xei dhorone prodorxon kore. iyat "prasin biswok aakriti diya sohorxomuh" gronthokhonot kempe likha etaa suti odhyayou aase. alusoni. bigoto bosorburot "rastriyo bhougulik" aaru puratatwik probondhoxomuhe omorna, okhenaten, tutankhamun baa nefertitir uporot probondho prokax korise. probondhotur besibhagei kagojor pristhat baa rastriyo bhougulik website duyutate puwa yaay (bortoman ataitkoi xehotiya probondhotu 2021 sonor januaryt prokaxito hoisil). opera. "phillip glaxer "aakhnaten", aain 2, drishyo 3 ("sohor")-e aakhentenor poraa aakhetten nirmanor aadex bornona kore. ingraji xarit iyak dharabahikbhabe "digontor sohor" buli kuwa hoy.

amorna amorna (;) ekti bistrito mishariya protnotattik sthan jekhane ashtadash rajbongsher shesher dike rajdhani shohorer aboshistangsho royeche. shaharti 1346 khristopurbabde protisthito hoyechilo, farao akhenater dike nirmito hoyechilo ebong 1332 khristopurbabde taar mrityur alpo somoyer modhyei porityokto hoyechilo. prachin mishariyara shohorer jonno jey namti byabohar koroto taa ingrezite akhetaten baa akhetaton hisabe lipyantaran koraa hoy, jaar ortho "atten-err diganta". saitti nail nadeer purbo teere abosthito, jaa aaz mishariya minia pradesh. etty all-minia shohorer pray dakkhine, mishorer rajdhani kairo shohorer dakkhine ebong laxore uttore (purboborti rajdhani thibser sthan) abosthito. deir mawas shaharti sarasari err poschime abosthito. amarnar purbo dike besh koyekti adhunik grama royeche, jaar prodhanguli uttore ell-till ebong dakkhine ell-hugg kandil. eyi anchale karjokolap amarna jug theke poroborti roman jug porjonto bikoshito hoyechilo. naam. amorna" namti eseche eyi anchale bosobaskari ebong koyekti bosoti sthaponkari benny amran upojati theke. prachin mishariya naam chhilo akhetaten. ingrez mishorotottobid syara john gardner wilkinson 1820-err doshke doo 'barr amarna poridorshon corren ebong roman juger lekhok pliny ("pathorer upor") ebong tolemi ("bhugol")-err kokhono kokhono porosporbirodhi bornona anusaran korey etike alabastron hisabe chinnito corren, jodio tini sanaktakaran somporke nischito chhilen naa ebong bikalpa abosthan hisabe qama ell-ahomarke poramorsho diyechilen. akhetatener shohor. shohorer elakati karjokorbhabe ekti kumari sthan chhilo, ebong eyi shahortike akhetaten "prothom anusthaner asson" hisabe bornona korechilen, jaa tini nijer jonno toiri korechilen jaate tini etey vishram nitey paren. etty hotey paare jey "diganta"-err jonno hieroglypher saathe rajakiya oyadir sadrishya dekhay jey ate shaharti khunje pawar jaiga chhilo. shaharti farao akhenater notun rajdhani hisabe nirmito hoyechilo, jaa taanr notun upasonar dhormer proti utsargikrito chhilo. taanr rajotter 5 bochor (1346 khristopurbabdo) baa taar ashepashe nirman shuru hoyechilo ebong sombhoboto 9 bochor (1341 khristopurbabdo) nagad somponno hoyechilo, jodio etty dui bochor agey rajdhani shohor hoye othe. shohorer nirman kaaj druto korar jonno beshirbhag bhobon kadamati diye toiri koraa hoyechilo ebong saadaa dhoa hoyechilo. sabcheye guruttopurno bhabanguli sthaniya pathorer mukhomukhi chhilo. ate ekmatro prachin mishariya shohor jaa taar abhyantarin porikolponar bishad biboron sanrakkhan korey, kaaron akhenatener mrityur porey shaharti porityokto hoyechilo, jokhon akhenatener putro raja tutankhamun shohor chhede taar jonmosthan thibsey (adhunik bilasita) firey yawar siddhanta niyechilen. taanr mrityur porr eka doshok baa taaro beshi somoy dhorey shaharti sakriya chhilo boley money hoy ebong horemheber ekti mondir ingito deyo jey etty taanr rajotter shurute kompokkhe angshikbhabe dokhol koraa hoyechilo, jodi onno kothao nirman samagrir utso hisabe hoy. ekbar etty porityokto hoye gele, nailer prante roman bosoti shuru naa haoya porjonto etty jonobosotihin chhilo. tobey, err srishti ebong porityager ananya poristhitir karone, etty asle prachin mishariya shahargulir protinidhitto korey kina taa niye proshno royeche. amorna tadahudo korey nirmito hoyechilo ebong nail nadeer purbo teere pray ekti anchal judey chhilo; poschim teere, shohorer jonosongkhar jonno fosol sorboraher jonno jommy alada koraa hoyechilo. somogro shaharti mishorer eyi notun rajdhani shohor protisthar jonno akhenatener abosthar bishad biboron soho moat 14tii seemana diye ghera chhilo. akhenater notun shohorer prachintama tarikher stelleti "boundery stelle keey" hisabe porichito jaa akhenater rajotter bochor 5, choturtho peret (baa maas 8), deane 13 tarikher. (mool 14tii seemana steler beshirbhagi kharapbhabe kshay hoye geche.) etty eyi shohorer akhenatener bhittir ekti biboron sanrakkhan korey. eyi nothite farauner ichcha lipiboddho koraa hoyeche jey ekhane atoner besh koyekti mondir nirman koraa hobey, jaate taar jonno, taar prodhan stree nephartiti ebong taar borh meye meritaten-err jonno purbo amarnar pahade besh koyekti rajakiya samadhi toiri koraa hoy ebong taar sposhto adesh jey jokhon seey maaraa jaabe, tokhon taake dafoner jonno amarna firiye aanaa hobey. seemana stela keey amarna udjapito ghotonagulir ekti biboron proborton koreh eyi patthe arow bolla hoyeche jey, akhenten aten debotar uddeshye ekti mohan noibeddo arpan korechilen "ebong etty [anusthaner] visayavastu jaa steler lonetgulite chitrito koraa hoyeche jekhane tini taanr runny ebong borh meyer saathe ekti bedir saamone dandiye achhen jaa atten-err neeche noibeddo diye stupo koraa, jokhon etty taar upor taar dehoke taar rashmi diye punorujjibito korey." saita ebong parikalpana. neel nadeer purbo teere abosthito, shohorer dhongshabosheshguli motamutibhabe uttor theke dakkhine ekti "rajakiya rasta" borabor sthapon koraa hoyeche, jaa ekhon "shikhet esha-sultan" hisabe porichito. rajakiya basosthanguli sadharonoto uttore, jaa uttor shohor hisabe porichito, ekti kendriya proshashon ebong dharmiya elaka soho ebong shohorer dakkhine abasik shahartalir samanwaye gothito. uttor shohor. jodi keu uttor theke nadipathe amorna shohorer kachhe yaay, tahle uttor seemana atikram korey prothom bhabanguli hobey uttor nadeer tiroborti prasad. eyi bhabanti jolashoy porjonto bistrito chhilo ebong sombhoboto rajporibarer prodhan basosthan chhilo. uttor shohor elakar modhye abosthito uttor prasadti rajporibarer prodhan basosthan. eyi ebong kendriya shohorer modhye, uttor shahartalir shurute borh baadi soho ekti samriddha elaka chhilo, kintu baadir akaar hrass peyechilo ebong rasta theke arow daridra hoye porechilo. kendriya shohor. beshirbhag guruttopurno anusthanik oo proshashonik bhobon kendriya shohore abosthito chhilo. ekhane atten mondir ebong chhoto atten mondir dharmiya anusthaner jonno byabohrito hoto ebong eigulir modhye raja oo rajporibarer anusthanik basosthan chhilo mohan rajprasad ebong rajakiya basosthan, ebong ekti setu baa ramp dwara sangjukto chhilo. rajakiya basbhoboner pichhone farao-err chitthipotrer bureau chhilo, jekhane amorna chitthiguli pawa giechilo. eyi elakati sombhoboto prothom elaka jaa somponno hoyechilo ebong kompokkhe duti porjayer nirman chhilo. dakkhin shahartalir. shohorer dakkhine anchalti ekhon "dakkhin shahartalir" hisabe ullekh koraa hoy. etey shahartir onek shaktishali abhijater sampatti chhilo, jaar modhye chhilo nakhatpaten (mukhyamantri), runfer, panehessy (aten-err prodhan purohito) ebong ramos (ghodar malik). eyi elaka bhaskar thutmoser studio chhilo, jekhane 1912 saale nefertityr bikhyato abokkho murtiti pawa giechilo. shohorer arow dakkhine chhilo qama ell-naana, ekti gher, jaa sadharonoto "soorjo-chhaya" hisabe ullekh koraa hoy ebong sombhoboto ekti soorjo-mondir hisabe nirmito hoyechilo.ebong tarpor maru-aten, jaa ekti prasad baa soorjo-mondir chhilo, jaa mulat akhentener runny kiar jonno nirmito hoyechilo boley money koraa hoyechilo, kintu taar mrityur porey taar naam ebong murtiguli taar konna merititener naame poriborton koraa hoyechilo. shohorer upokonthe. shahortike ghire ebong err bistriti chinnito korey, seemana stelle (neeler ubhoy paashe pahader upor khodai koraa pathorer ekti ayatkhetra) shohorer protisthar bornona deyo jaa etty somporke tothyer ekti prathomik utso. shohor theke doore shohorer purbo dike ekti sangkirna upottokai akhenatener rajakiya kabarasthan shuru hoyechilo, jaa pahader modhye lukiye chhilo. shudhumatra ekti samadhi somponno hoyechilo, ebong ekti namheen rajakiya stree dwara byabohrito hoyechilo, ebong akhenatener samadhiti taake dhorey rakhar jonno tadahudo korey byabohar koraa hoyechilo ebong sombhoboto taar dwitiya konna meketaten. rajakiya oyadir uttor oo dakkhine pahader modhye, shohorer abhijatora taader samadhi nirman korechilo. prachin amorna/akhetatener jeebon. amarner protisthar bishoye jaa jaanaa yaay taar beshirbhagi shohorer poridhir upor sarkari seemana stelle (13tii porichito) sanrakkhaner karone. eguli neeler ubhoy pasher pahader modhye kaata hoy (purbe 10tii, poschime 3tii) ebong protisthar somoy theke potoner thhik agey porjonto akhetatener (amorna) ghotonaguli record koraa hoy. thibs theke amarna yawar jonno, akhenater senabahinir samarthan prayojan chhilo. aaye, akhenater onnotomo prodhan upodeshta, eyi anchale prachur prabhab bistar korechilen kaaron taanr baba eua ekjon guruttopurno samrik neta chhilen. uporontu, samrik bahinir protteke eksange borh hoyechilo, taaraa akhenater babar adhine mishorer itihaser sabcheye dhonee ebong sofol somoyer ekti ongsho chhilo, taai podomorjadar modhye anugatya chhilo shaktishali ebong ottle. sombhoboto sabcheye guruttopurno vishay holl, "etty ekti samrik bahini chhilo jaar gono-podomorjadar raja prothome thibs ebong porey amarna mondirer khodai koraa sthangulite udjapon korar protiti sujog niyechilen." dharmiya jeebon. jodio akhenater sangaskarguli sadharonoto ekeshwarbader dike porichalito boley money koraa hoy, baa sombhoboto arow sathikbhabe, ekeshwarbad, protnotattik promanguli dekhay jey anyanno debdevirao shraddheya chhilen, emonki atten kalter kendreo-jodi anusthanikbhabe naa hoy, tobey kompokkhe sekhane bosobaskari ebong kaaj koraa lokera. ... akhetatene, kemper samprotik khanankarjo (2008:41-46) emon bostur uposthiti dekhiyeche jaa debota, debi ebong protikgulike chitrito korey jaa byaktigato biswaser oitijjobahi khettrer ontorgoto. mondo atmader protihotkari adbhuto bamon byaktitter pashapashi debi-danab, taoyereta, angshik kumir, angshik hippopotamuser onek udaharan pawa geche, jini santaner jonmer saathe jukto chhilen. echhadao akhetatener rajakiya shromikder grame, isis ebong shadeke utsarga koraa stelle abishkrito hoyeche (waterson 1984:158 & 208). amorna shilp-shaili. deergho-protisthito mishariya sommelongulir sange amorna shilp-shaili venge yaay. purboborti mishariya shilper kathor adarshabadi anusthanikatar biporite, etty err vishaygulike arow bastobsommotobhabe chitrito korechilo. err modhye rajporibarer modhye sneher antaranga chitrayan baa taader santander saathe kheladhular moto ananusthanik drishya antarbhukta chhilo ebong mohilader arr purushder cheye halka ronger hisabe chitrito koraa hoyney. shilper ekti bastobotao chhilo jaa kokhono kokhono byangachitrer upor seemana korey. jodio porey aten upasonake amorna dhormo-boidhormyo ebong domon hisabe ullekh koraa hoyechilo, eyi shilper arow sthayi uttoradhikar chhilo. punoh abishkar ebong khonon. 18shha oo 19shha shatabdir khanankarjo. 1714 saale neel upottokar modhyo diye bhromonkari ekjon farasi jesuit purohito clode sickard shahartir prothom poschima ullekh korechilen ebong amorna theke seemana stella bornona korechilen. mishorer beshirbhag ongsher moto, etio napoleoner "corps dii savants" dwara poridorshon koraa hoyechilo, jini 1798-1799-ayee amarner prothom bistarito manchitro prostuto korechilen, jaa porobortikale 1821 theke 1830 saaler modhye "bornona dii ell 'agypte" prokashito hoyechilo. eyi europea onusondhaner porey 1824 saale syara john guardiner wilkinson jokhon shohorer aboshistangshoguli anweshan oo myapa korechilen tokhon taa abyahoto chhilo. protilipi lekhok robbert heey ebong taanr joripkari zii. lebhara elakati poridorshon korey ebong balir probaho theke dakkhiner besh koyekti samadhi abishkar korey, 1833 saale khodai koraa chhabiguli record korey. khada ebong lever toiri protilipiguli british gronthagare mulat aprokashito royeche, jekhane taader abosthan chinnito korar jonno ekti chalman prokolpo cholche. 1843 ebong 1845 saale richarda lepsiuser netritte prussian abhijanti eyi sthanti poridorshon korey ebong onkon ebong kagojer chup byabohar korey moat barro diner modhye duti prithak poridorshone amarner drishyoman smritistambha ebong bhusangsthan record korey. falafalguli shesh porjonto 1849 theke 1913 saaler modhye "denkmailer aus egypten und ethiopian"-ayee prokashito hoyechilo, jaar modhye shohorer ekti unnoto manchitrao chhilo. nirbhulotai kichuta seemit haoya sotteo, khodai koraa "denkmailer" plateguli shatabdir bucky samaykale byaktigato samadhi ebong kichhu seemana steler onek drishya ebong shilalipir pandityapurna gyan ebong byakhyar vitti gathon korechilo. eyi prathomik anusandhankari dalgulir dwara toiri recordguli atyanta guruttopurno kaaron egulir modhye anekguli aboshistangsho porey dhongso hoye giechilo baa onnothai hariye giechilo. amarna chitthi. 1887 saale, "sebakh"-err jonno khanankari eka sthaniya mohila 300tiro beshi cuniform tableter (bortomane sadharonoto amorna akkhar naame porichito) ekti cashey abishkar corren. eyi falakguli faraoder nirbachito kutnaitik chitthipotro nothibhukto korechilo ebong prodhanoto akkadian bhasay lekha hoyechilo, jaa sadharonoto prachin nicot prachyer bronz juger shesher dike eyi dharaner jogajoger jonno byabohrito "lingua franca". eyi abishkarti sthantir gurutter swikriti deyo ebong onusondhane arow briddhi ghotay. rajar samadhi khonon. 1891 theke 1892 saaler modhye alessandro baranti rajar samadhi abishkar corren ebong porishkar corren (jodio etty sombhoboto 1880 saal theke sthaniya jonogoner kachhe porichito chhilo). pray ekoi somoye syara flinders petty eka morshume amarna kaaj korechilen, mishor anusandhan tehbil theke swadhinbhabe kaaj korechilen. tini mulat kendriya shohore khonon korechilen, aten-err mohan mondir, mohan sarkari prasad, rajar baadi, farao-err chitthipotrer bureau ebong besh koyekti byaktigato baadi anusandhan korechilen. jodio prayashai ekti sondager cheye samanno beshi poriman, petrir khonone atirikto cuniform tablet, besh koyekti kacher karkhanar aboshistangsho ebong prasader aborjona stupo (mysenian shared soho) bachhai korar jonno prachur porimane feley deoa foyence, glasses ebong syramic prokashito hoyechilo. taar folafol ebong druto punarnirman prakash korey, petri saiter sombhabonar proti arow agroho jagiye tulte sokkhom hoyechilo. 20shha shatabdir khanankarjo. 1903 theke 1908 saal porjonto amarner byaktigato samadhi ebong seemana steller aanka ebong photographic biboron prakash korey nakshakar ebong shilpi norman dii garis davies. eyi boiguli 2006 saale ee. esha dwara punra prokashito hoyechilo. 20shha shatabdir prothom dike (1907 theke 1914) ludouig bourcharder netritte diusha orientagecelshuft abhijan shohorer uttor oo dakkhin shohortolite byapokbhabe khonon koraa hoy. nefertityr bikhyato abokkho murti, jaa ekhon barliner egyptices jadughare royeche, bhaskorjer thutmoser kormoshalai anyanno bhaskorjer nidorshongulir modhye abishkrito hoyechilo. 1914 saaler auguste prothom bishwojuddher pradurbhab german khanankarjer abosan ghotay. 1921 theke 1936 saal porjonto ekti mishor anusandhan samiti abhijan tii-err nirdeshonai amarna khonone firey aase.ee. pitt, syara leonard ulli, henry frankfort, steffen glanville ebong john pendlebury. merry chub khonon proshashok hisabe kaaj korechilen. notun korey tadantaguli dharmiya ebong rajakiya kathamor upor drishti niboddho koraa hoyechilo. 1960-err doshke mishariya protnotattik sangathan (bortomane protnotattik mishariya sorbochcho porishod) amarna besh koyekti khanankarjo porichalona korey. ekbingsho shatabdir khanankarjo. bortomane barry kemp (emeritus adhyapak, kembridge vishwavidyalaya, ingland)-err nirdeshonai (2006 saal porjonto, mishor eksaploreshana societyr pristhoposhokotay ebong ekhon err saathe) shahartir anusandhan bortoman porjonto abyahoto royeche. 1980 saale geofrey martiner netritte ekti prithak abhijan rajakiya samadhi theke khodai koraa nidarshanguli bornona oo anulipi korey, porey samadhi theke assa boley money koraa bostur saathe err falafalguli prakash korey. eyi kaajti 2 khande prokashito hoyechilo. 2005 theke 2013 saal porjonto, abhijatder dakkhiner samadhir kachhe byaktigato byaktider ekti koborsthane amorna prokolpoti khonon koraa hoyechilo. ganomadhyome. kalponik. "bikhyato elizabeth pieters dwara likhito "dya painted quin".keey.2013 saale lekhoker mrityur porr amelia pibdi uponyasher sabcheye samprotik kisti holl barbara martz. elizabeth peaters ekjon school proshikkhito protnotattik chhilen, kintu taar purush sahakarmira taake raji koriyechilen jey ekjon mohila protnotattik hoben naa, taai "tini seii naribidweshi mishortottobidder upor vitti korey choritro toiri korechilen..."jemonti bolechen saaraa parkak, ekjon mohila protnotattik jini remot sensingye biseshoggo. adventuretyte ekjon mohila protnotattik amelia pibdi ebong nefertityr nikhonj abokkhotar rahasya royeche. 1912 saale, amarna prokrito khanankarjer koyek bochor porr, jokhon mishore khanankarjo shudhumatra europea, sthaniya bhadate baa lutpatkarider dwara hoy, tokhon eyi rongin ranir chitrogrohon ghote. samasta rahasyamay uponyasher moto, hasyoros, modd ebong modd royeche ebong ekti samadhan koraa mamler ekti onumanjoggo samapti royeche. "mishela moraner "nefertity" ekti oitihasik kalpakahini jaa runny nefertity ebong taar chhoto boone mutnodzemer drishtikon theke pathokke guide korey. golpoti thibsey taar somoy theke amorna ebong akhenater mrityur porey samayasuchi anusaran korey. nepharti chhilen akhenater darbar baa haramer prodhan stree. jodio tini onek oitihasik mohila roll model hisabe naam diye suporichito, taar golpoti prayashai pungling shasokder jonno upekkha koraa hoy. mishela moran runny ebong taar boner golpoti rajnaitik gopaniyata, nirdoshota harano ebong ekti pitritantrik somaje mohila shakti soho web korechen. aaa-kalponik. "akhanaten ebong nephartiti shaharah amorna ebong err lokera" barry kemp dwara, amarner dharona theke shuru korey shohor porityag porjonto sabkichu niye alochona korey. boitir modhye emon chitro royeche jaa shilp, sthapotto ebong shahortike jemon chhilo (punarnirman) ebong ekhonkar moto prodorshon korey. prachin bishwoke roop deoa shaharguli" boitite kemper lekha ekti chhoto adhyayo royeche. magazine. bigoto bochorgulite "jatiya bhougolik" ebong protnotattik nibondhoguli amorna, akhenten, tutankhamun baa nephartiti somporke nibondho prakash koreche. beshirbhag nibondhoti paperback baa jatiya bhougolik website ubhayi pawa jaabe (bortomane sabcheye samprotik nibondhoti 2021 saaler januaryte prokashito hoyechilo). apera. "phillip glasser "akhnaten", aain 2, drishya 3 ("shohor") akhnaten theke akhtaten nirmaner adesh bornona korey. ingrezi liney, etike dharabahikbhabe "diganter shohor" hisabe ullekh koraa hoy.

amarna amarna (;) aee aek vyaapak egyptni puratatviy jagya chhe jemaa adhaarmaa rajvanshna antamaa raajdhaani shahernaa avshesho chhe. aaa shahernee sthaapnaa ee. saes. purve 1346maan karvaamaa aavee hatee, jenu nirmaan raajaa akhenatenni disha parr karvaamaa aavyu hatoo aneey ee. saes. purve 1332maan temnaa mrutyu pachhi toonk samayma tene tyajee devaamaa aavyu hatoo. praachin egyptvasio shaher maate jeey naamno upyog kartaa hataa teey naamnu angrejeemaa akhetaten athavaa akhetatan tareeke lipyantar karvaamaa aave chhe, jeno arth thaay chhe "aetennu kshitij". aaa sthal nile nadeena purv keenare aavelu chhe, jeey aaje egyptna minya praantmaa chhe. teey all-minya shahernee dakshinma, egyptni raajdhaani kaironi dakshinma aneey luxer (agaauni raajdhaani theebsnu sthal) nee uttare aavelu chhe. deir mavaas shaher tenee pashchimma seedhu aavelu chhe. amarnani purv bajuae ghanaa aadhunik gaamo chhe, jemathi mukhya uttarmaa aela-till aneey dakshinma all-haag kandil chhe. aaa pradeshmaa amarna samaygaalaathi pachhinaa rooman yug sudhee pravrutee vikasi hatee. naam. amarna" naam benee amran janjaati parthee aavyu chhe jeey aaa pradeshmaa rahetee hatee aneey ketalik vasaahatoni sthaapnaa curry hatee. praachin egyptnu naam akhetaten hatoo. angrej egyptian surr john gardner wilkinsne 1820naa daykama amarnani beey vaar mulakat leedhi hatee aneey rooman yugnaa lekhako pliny ("pattharo parr") aneey tolemi ("bhugol") naa virodhabhasi varnanone anusareene tene alabastron tareeke odakhaavyo hato, joke teo odakh vishe chokkas naa hataa aneey temane vaikalpik sthaan tareeke qoma all-ahmaarnu soochan karyoo hatoo. akhetatennu shaher. shaherno vistaar asarkarak reete aek koovaari jagya hatee, aneey aaa teey shaher hatoo jene akhetaatene attenni "pratham prasangni bethak" tareeke varnavyu hatoo, jene tene potaana maate banaavyu hatoo jethee teey temaa aaraam curry shake. aevu hoi shake chhe keey shaahee vaadini "kshitij" maate chitralipi saathe saamyata darshaave chhe keey aaa shaher shodhvaanu sthal hatoo. aaa shaherne raajaa akhenatenni navee raajdhaani tareeke banavvama aavyu hatoo, jeey attenne tenaa navaa pujaa dharmne samarpeet hatoo. bandhkam temnaa shasankal (ee. saes. purve 1346) naa 5maan athavaa tenee aaspaas sharoo thayu hatoo aneey kadaach varsh 9 (ee. saes. purve 1341) sudhimaa purn thayu hatoo, jooe keey teey beey varsh agau raajdhaani shaher banyu hatoo. shahernaa baandhkaamne zadpi banaavvaa maate motabhagni imaarato kadavmathi banavvama aavee hatee aneey safed dhovai hatee. sauthee mahatvapurn imaarato sthaaneek pattharthi gheraayeli hatee. teey ekmatra praachin egyptnu shaher chhe jeey tenee aantarik yojnani motee vigato saachve chhe, motaa bhagma kaaran keey aakhatenna mrutyu pachhi shaherne tyajee devaamaa aavyu hatoo, jyaare aakhatenna putra, raajaa tutankhaamune shaher chhodvaanu aneey thibs (aadhunik vaibhavi) maan tenaa janmsthal parr paachha farvaanu nakki karyoo hatoo. temnaa mrutyu pachhi lagbhag aek daaykaa sudhee aaa shaher sakreey rahyu hoya tevu laage chhe, aneey horemahebnu mandeer soochave chhe keey temnaa shasankalni sharuaatmaa teey ochhama ochhu aansheek reete kabajo dharaavtu hatoo, jooe keey teey anya jagyae bandhkam saamgrinaa strot tareeke hatoo. aekvaar tene tyajee devaamaa aavyaa pachhi, jyaan sudhee nailnee dhaar parr rooman vasaahat sharoo naa thaee tyaan sudhee teey nirjan rahyu. jooe keey, tenee rachnaa aneey tyajnaa ananya sanjogone kaarane, teey kharekhar praachin egyptna shaheronu pratinidhitva karey chhe teey shankaspad chhe. amarnaanu utavalma nirmaan karvaamaa aavyu hatoo aneey teey niil nadeena purv keenare lagbhag aek vistaarne aavari letu hatoo; pashchim keenare, shahernee vastee maate paak puuro paadvaa maate jameen alag rakhvama aavee hatee. samagr shaherne coole 14 seema stambhothi ghervaamaa aavyu hatoo, jemaa egyptni aaa navee raajdhaani shahernee sthaapnaa maate akhenatenni sharatoni vigato aapvama aavee hatee. akhenatenna navaa shahermathi sauthee juunii taarikhni steel "boundry steel keey" tareeke odakhaay chhe, jeey akhenatenna shaasannaa varsh 5, IV paret (athavaa maheeno 8), divas 13 nee taarikhni chhe. (mool 14 boundry stelamathi motaa bhaagnaa kharaab reete ksheen thaee gayaa chhe.) teey aaa shahernaa akhenatenna payano ahewal jaalvi raakhe chhe. aaa dastavejma faarunni ichchha nondhvaamaa aavee chhe keey aheen aetennaa ghanaa mandeero bandhvama aave, jethee amarnani purveey tekariomaa tenaa maate, tenee mukhya patnee nefertity aneey tenee sauthee motee putri maritaten maate ghanee shaahee kabaro banavvama aave temaj tenee spasht aagnaa chhe keey jyaare teey mrutyu paamyo hashe, tyaare tene dafanvidhi maate amarna parat lavvama aavashe. seema stambh keey aee amarna khaate ujavvama aavtee ghatanaaonu varnan rajoo karey chheh aaa granth pachhi janaave chhe keey akhenatene bhagvaan attenne aek mahaan arpan karyoo hatoo "aneey aaa [prasangno] vishhay chhe jeey stelenaa lunetmaan darshavvama aavyo chhe jyaan teey tenee raanee aneey sauthee motee putri saathe attenni neeche arpan saathe dhaglabandh vedeeni saame oobho chhe, jyaare teey tenaa parr tenaa shareerne tenaa keeranothi punarjivit karey chhe." sthal aneey yojnaa. nile nadeena purv keenare stheet, shahernaa khandero aashre uttarthi dakshinma "shaahee maarg" saathe mukvaamaa aavyaa chhe, jene havey "sikhet aesa-sultan" tareeke odakhvaamaa aave chhe. shaahee rahethaano saamanya reete uttarmaa hoya chhe, jene uttar shaher tareeke odakhvaamaa aave chhe, jemaa kendriya vaheevat aneey dhaarmik vistaar hoya chhe aneey shahernee dakshin rahenank upnagarothi banelee hoya chhe. uttar shaher. jooe koee uttarthi nadee dwara amarna shaher paase pahonchshe too uttar sarhadni paarnee pratham imaarato uttar nadee keenarano mahel hashe. aaa imarat waterfront sudhee chaali hatee aneey sambhavatah shaahee parivaarnu mukhya nivassthan hatoo. uttar shahernaa vistaarmaa stheet uttareey mahel shaahee parivaarnu mukhya nivassthan chhe. aaa aneey madhya shaher vachche, uttareey upnagar sharuaatmaa motaa makaano saathe samruddh vistaar hato, parantu gharnu qada ghatyu aneey teey rastaani sarkhaamaniae vadhu garib banyu. kendriya shaher. motabhagni mahatvapurn aupcharik aneey vahivati imaarato madhya shaherma aaveli hatee. aheen aetennu mahaan mandeer aneey naana etten mandeerno upyog dhaarmik kaaryo maate thato hato aneey aaa vachche mahaan shaahee mahel aneey shaahee nivas raajaa aneey shaahee parivaarnu aupcharik nivassthan hatoo, aneey teey pull athavaa ramp dwara jodaayela hataa. shaahee nivassthanni paachhal farunnun patravyavhaarnu kaaryalay hatoo, jyanthi amarna patro malee aavyaa hataa. aaa vistaar kadaach purn thanar pratham vistaar hato, aneey temaa bandhkamna ochhama ochha beey tabakka hataa. dakshin upnagaro. shahernee dakshinma teey vistaar hato jene havey "dakshin upnagaro" tareeke odakhvaamaa aave chhe. temaa nakhtapaten (mukhyamantri), ranfar, penehesi (aetennaa mukhya pujari) aneey ramos (ghodaana swami) saheet shahernaa ghanaa shaktishaali umraavoni sampattio hatee. aaa vistaarmaa shilpkar thutmoseno studiyo pann hato, jyaan 1912maan neftityni prakhyaat pratimaa malee aavee hatee. shahernee dakshinma aagad qoma all-naana hatoo, jeey aek ghero hato, jene saamanya reete "soorya-chhanyo" tareeke odakhvaamaa aave chhe, aneey kadaach teey soorya-mandeer tareeke bandhvama aavyu hatoo.aneey pachhi maaru-atten, jeey aek mahel athavaa soorya-mandeer hatoo, jeey mulroope akhenatenni raanee keeya maate bandhvama aavyu hovaanu manvama aavtu hatoo, parantu teneena mrutyu pachhi teneenu naam aneey chhabio badaline tenee putri maritaten karvaamaa aavee hatee. shahernee bahaarnaa. shahernee aaspaas aneey tenee hadne chinhit karatee, shahernee sthaapnaanu varnan karatee seema stambh (nailnee banne bajuae khadako parr kotarvaamaa aavela khadakno darek lambachoras) tenaa visheni maahiteeno praathmeek srot chhe. shaherthi door akhenatennu shaahee kabrastan shahernee purvamaa aek saankadi kheenma sharoo thayu hatoo, jeey khadakoma chhupayelu hatoo. maatra aek qabara purn thaee hatee, aneey teno upyog aek anaami shaahee patnee dwara karvaamaa aavyo hato, aneey akhenatenni kabarno upyog tene pakadvaa maate utavalma karvaamaa aavyo hato aneey sambhavatah tenee beejee putri mcetaten. shaahee vaadini uttar aneey dakshinma khadakoma, shahernaa umraavoae temnee kabaro banaavi hatee. praachin amarna/akhetatenma jeevan. amarnani sthaapnaa vishe jeey jaanitu chhe teey motaabhaage shahernee parimitine vintalti sattavaar seema stambh (13 jaaniti chhe) nee shreneeni jalvanine kaarane chhe. aaney nailnee banne bajuae (purvamaa 10, pashchimma 3) khadakoma kapvama aave chhe aneey sthaapnathi laeene tenaa patan pahelaanni akhetaten (amarna) nee ghatanaaone reqorda karvaamaa aave chhe. theebsthi amarna taraf javaa maate, akhenatenne sainyana samarthanni jaroor hatee. akhenatenna mukhya salahkaromana aek, ayae aaa kshetramaa khoob prabhaav paadyo kaaran keey temnaa pitaa yuya aek mahatvapurn lashkari netaa hataa. vadhumaa, sainyamaa darek vyaktee saathe uchhareli hatee, teo akhenatenna pitaa hethal egyptna itihaasmaa sauthee samruddh aneey sauthee safal samaygaalaano aek bhaag hataa, tethee hoddaao vachche vafadari majboot aneey atoot hatee. kadaach sauthee agatyanu, "teey aek sainya hatoo, jenee vishaal harolmaan raajaae mandeerni murtioma ujavani karvaanee darek takno upyog karyo, pahelaa thibs khaate aneey pachhithi amarna khaate." dhaarmik jeevan. jyaare akhenatenna sudhaarao saamanya reete ekeshvarvaad taraf, athavaa kadaach vadhu sachot reete, ekvidhvaad taraf lakshi hovaanu manvama aave chhe, puratatviy puraava darshaave chhe keey anya devtaao pann aadarneey hataa, etten sampradayna kendramaa pann-jooe sattavaar reete nahee, too ochhama ochha tyaan raheta aneey kaama kartaa loko dwara. ... aakhaten khaate jaj camp dwara taajetarma karvaamaa aavela khodkaammaa (2008:41-46) aevee vastuoni haajari darshavvama aavee chhe jeey vyaktigat manyatana paramparagat kshetra saathe sambandhit devtaao, deveeo aneey prateekone darshaave chhe. dusht aatmaaone door karnaar vichitra dwarf aakruti, temaj devee-rakshas, taveret, aansheek mugger, aansheek hippopotamus, jeey baljanm saathe sankalaayela hataa, tenaa ghanaa udaaharano malee aavyaa chhe. akhetaten khaatena shaahee kaamdaarona gaammaan pann, isis aneey shadene samarpeet stelleny shodh thaee chhe (waterson 1984:158 aneey 208). amarna qalaa shailee. laambaa samaythi sthaapit egyptna sammelno saathe amarna qalaa-shailee tutee gaee. agaauni egyptni kalaana kadak aadarshvadi aupchariktathi vipareet, teey tenaa vishhayone vadhu vaastavik reete darshaavati hatee. aamaa anaupacharik drashyo saamel hataa, jaim keey shaahee parivaarmaa snehnu ghanishth chitran athavaa temnaa baadako saathe ramvu, aneey havey streeone purusho karataa hadvaa rangnee tareeke darshavvama aavtee nathee. aaa kalaamaa aek vaastavaad pann hato jeey ketalikvaar vyangchitrani seemaao parr hoya chhe. jyaare attenni pujaane paachhalthi amarna pakhand tareeke odakhvaamaa aavee hatee aneey tene dabaavi devaamaa aavee hatee, tyaare aaa kalaano vadhu kaayamee vaarso hato. punshodh aneey utkhanan. 18mee aneey 19mee sadeena khodkaam. shaherno pratham pashchimi ullekh 1714maan french jesuit paadari claude sicard dwara karvaamaa aavyo hato, jeey nile khinmathi musafari curry rahyaa hataa aneey amarnathi seema stambhnu varnan karyoo hatoo. egyptna motabhagna bhagni jaim, tenee mulakat napoleeyanna "corps dii sevents" dwara 1798-1799 maan levaamaa aavee hatee, jemane amarnano pratham vigatvaar naksho taiyar karyo hato, jeey pachhithi 1821 aneey 1830 nee vachche "discription dii lae 'aegypte" maan prakashit thayo hato. aaa pachhi 1824maan surr john gardiner wilkinsne shahernaa avsheshoni shodh curry aneey naksha banaavya pachhi european sanshodhan chaalu raakhyu. nakalkaar roobert heey aneey temnaa sarvekshak jee. levre aaa vistaarni mulakat leedhi aneey reteena pravahmathi dakshinni ghanee kabarone shodhee kaadhee, 1833maan raahatnee nondh curry. paragaraj aneey laver dwara banaavelee nakalo mote bhaage british pustakalayma aprakashit chhe, jyaan temnaa sthaanone odakhvaa maate aek chaalu project chaali rahyo chhe. richard lapsiusni aagevani hethalnaa prussian abhiyaanmaa 1843 aneey 1845maan aaa sthalnee mulakat leedhi hatee aneey rekhankno aneey kaagalna squizno upyog kareene coole baar divasma beey alag-alag mulakatoma amarna drashyamaan smaarako aneey bhaugolik rachnaane reqorda curry hatee. parinam aakhare 1849 aneey 1913 nee vachche "dankmailer osa egypton aneey ethopian" maan prakashit karvaamaa aavyaa hataa, jemaa shahernaa sudharela nakshaano samaavesh thaay chhe. choksaima thodee maryadit hovaa chhataa, kotarvaamaa aaveli "dankmailer" plate baakini sadee maate khangi kabaro aneey ketlaak seema stambhomaa ghanaa drashyo aneey shilalekhona vidhvatapurn gyaan aneey arthghatan maateno aadhaar bunny hatee. aaa praarambhik sanshodhakoni teamo dwara karvaamaa aavela dastavejo khoob jaj mahatvapurn chhe kaaran keey aamaana ghanaa avshesho paachhalthi naash pamya hataa athavaa anyatha khovai gayaa hataa. amarna aksharo. 1887maan, "sebakh" maate khodkaam karatee aek sthaaneek mahilaae 300thee vadhu cuniform goleeo (jeey havey saamanya reete amarna aksharo tareeke odakhaay chhe) noow sangrah shodhee kaadhyo hato. aaa goleeoae rajaona pasandaginaa rajdwari patravyavhaarne nondhyaa hataa aneey mukhyatve akkadiyanma lakhaaya hataa, jeey "lingua franca" chhe jeno upyog saamanya reete aavaa sandeshaavyavhaar maate praachin najiknaa purvnaa kansya yugnaa antamaa thaay chhe. aaa shodhthi sthalnaa mahatvane maanyata malee aneey sanshodhanmaa vadhu vadhaaro thayo. raajaani kabarnu utkhanan. 1891 aneey 1892 nee vachche alessandro barsanti raajaani kabarnee shodh curry aneey tene saaf curry (joke teey kadaach 1880 thee sthaaneek loko maate jaanitu hatoo). teey jaj samaye surr flinders patriae amarna khaate aek season maate kaama karyoo hatoo, egyptna sanshodhan bhandolthi swatantra reete kaama karyoo hatoo. temane mukhyatve madhya shaherma khodkaam karyoo, aetennu mahaan mandeer, mahaan sattavaar mahel, raajaanu ghar, farunna patravyavhaarnu kaaryalay aneey ketlaak khangi gharoni tapaas curry. ghanivaar sondage karataa thodee vadhaare rakam hovaa chhataa, patrina khodkaammaa vadhaaraani cuniform goleeo, kaachnee ketalik factoryona avshesho aneey mahelnaa kacharaana dhagalani chhankamma (mycenian shareds saheet) motaa pramanma kaadhee nakhvama aaveli fains, kaach aneey siramik malee aavyaa hataa. temnaa parinaamo aneey punnirmanne zadapthi prakashit kareene, pattry sthalnee kshamtama vadhu rus pedaa karvaamaa saksham hataa. 20mee sadeena khodkaam. copist aneey kalakar norman dha gars devize 1903 thee 1908 sudhee amarnathi khangi kabaro aneey boundry stelaanu dorelu aneey photographic varnan prakashit karyoo. aaa pustako 2006 maan iss dwara fareethi prakashit karvaamaa aavyaa hataa. 20mee sadeena praarambhik varshomaa (1907thee 1914) loodwig borchardnee aagevanima duesh orientageselschaft abhiyaan, shahernaa uttar aneey dakshin upnagaromaa vyaapakpane khodkaam karvaamaa aavyu hatoo. neftitini prakhyaat pratimaa, jeey havey barlinnaa egyptish museum chhe, teey shilpkar thootmoseni workshopma anya shilpkalani kalakrutiomathi malee aavee hatee. august 1914maan pratham vishvyuddh faatee nikalvaanaa kaarane german khodkaamno anta aavyo. 1921 thee 1936 sudhee egyptni sanshodhan sosaayatinu abhiyaan tii. naa nirdesh hethal amarna khaate khodkaam maate paachhu faryu.ee. piit, surr leonard wooley, henry frankfort, stephen glenville aneey john pandlebury. meerii chube khodkaam vyavsthaapak tareeke sevaa aapee hatee. navee tapaas dhaarmik aneey shaahee maalkhaao parr kendrit hatee. 1960naa daaykaa darmiyan egyptni praachin vastuoni sanstha (havey egyptni praachin vastuoni sarvoch parishad) aee amarna khaate sankhyaabandh khodkaam haath dharyu hatoo. 21mee sadeena khodkaam. shahernu sanshodhan haalmaa barry camp (egyptologyma emeritus prophesara, cambridge university, ingland) nee disha hethal (2006 sudhee, egypt exploration societyna aashray hethal aneey havey egypt saathe) chaalu chhe. 1980maan geophrey martinni aagevani hethalnaa aek alag abhiyaanmaa shaahee kabarmathi kaadheli murtionun varnan aneey nakal karvaamaa aavee hatee, baadmaa tenaa taaranone kabarmathi aavee hovaanu manvama aavtee vastuo saathe prakashit karvaamaa aavyaa hataa. aaa krutee ee. aesa. dwara 2 granthomaa prakashit karvaamaa aavee hatee. 2005 thee 2013 sudhee, amarna project umraavoni dakshinni kabaroni najik khangi vyaktionaa kabrastaanmaa khodvaamaa aavyo hato. midiyaamaa. kaalpaneek. "prakhyaat elizabeth pieters dwara lakhaayel "dhaa painted kween".keey.2013maan lekhaknaa avsaan pachhi 'aee barbara mertz' aee emelia pibodi navalkathaaono sauthee taajetarno hapto chhe. elizabeth pieters aek shaala prashikshit puratatvavid hataa, parantu temnaa purush sathidaro dwara temne samjavvama aavyu hatoo keey aek maheela puratatvavid naa hovi joiae, tethee "temane teey strivirodhi egyptiyanshastriona aadhare paatro banaavya..."jaim keey sarah parkak dwara janavama aavyu chhe, aek maheela puratatvavid jeey remot sensingma nishnaat chhe. aaa saahasma maheela puratatvavid emelia pibodi aneey neftityna goom thayel bustnu rahasy chhe. aaa rangkaam 1912maan amarna khaate vaastavik khodkaamnaa ghanaa varsho pachhi thayu hatoo, jyaare egyptma khodkaam maatra european, sthaaneek bhaade rakhnara athavaa luntaaraao jaj karey chhe. tamaam saaree rahasy navalkathaaoni jaim, temaa pann ramooj, valaank aneey valaank hoya chhe aneey ukelaayela kesano anumanit anta aave chhe. "mishel moranni "nefertity" aek aitihasik kaalpaneek krutee chhe jeey raanee nefertity aneey tenee naanee bahen mutnodjemetnaa drashtikonthi vaachakne margdarshan aape chhe. aaa vaarta theebsma temnaa samaythi amarna aneey akhenatenna mrutyu pachhini samayrekhaane anusare chhe. nefertiti akhenatenna darbaar athavaa haraamma mukhya patnee hatee. jooe keey teey naamthi jaaniti chhe, ghanee aitihasik maheela roll model tareeke, teneeni vaartane ghanivaar purushvaachi shaasako maate avganvama aave chhe. mishel morana raanee aneey tenee bahennee vaartane raajkeey rahasyo, nirdoshtani khot aneey pitrusattaak samajma stree shaktee saathe jodata hoya chhe. biin-kaalpaneek. "barry camp dwara "akhenaten aneey nefertitynu shaherah amarna aneey tenaa loko", amarnani vibhavnathi laeene shahernaa tyaag sudhini darek baabatni charcha karey chhe. pustakni andar aevee chhabio chhe jeey qalaa, sthapatya aneey shaherne pradarshit karey chhe jeey pahelaa (punnirman) hatoo aneey havey chhe. temaa camp dwara "praachin vishvane aakaar aapnara shahero" pustakma lakhaayel aek tunko adhyay pann chhe. saamyiko. pachhala varshomaa "raashtriy bhaugolik" aneey puratatviy lekhoae amarna, akhenaten, tutankhamun athavaa nefertiti parr lekho prakashit karyaa chhe. motaabhaagno lekh paperback athavaa raashtriy bhaugolik website banne parr malee shake chhe (haalmaa sauthee taajetarno lekh january 2021 maan prakashit thayo hato). opera. "phillip glass dwara "akhnaten", adhiniyam II, drashya 3 ("shaher") akhenatenna aadeshnu varnan karey chhe. angreji panktioma, tene satat "kshitijnu shaher" tareeke odakhvaamaa aave chhe.

amarna amarna (;) ack vyaapak misra kaa puraataatvik sthal haye jisamen athaarahaven rajvansh key anta mein rajdhani shahar key avashesh hain. shahar kii sthaapana 1346 eesaa poorv mein kii gaee thee, jise firaun akhenaten kii disha mein banaaya gayaa thaa, aur 1332 eesaa poorv mein unaki mrityu key turant baad ise chhod diyaa gayaa thaa. pracheen misra key loga shahar key liye jiss naam kaa upayog karate they, usey angreji mein akhetaten yaa akhetatan key roop mein lipyantaran kiya jaataa haye, jiska arth haye "atten kaa kshitij". yeh sthal nile nadee key purvi tata parr haye, joe aaj misra key minya praant mein haye. yeh all-minya shahar key dakshin mein, misra kii rajdhani carro key dakshin mein aur laksar (pichhali rajdhani, theebs kaa sthal) key uttar mein haye. deir mawas kaa shahar seedhe isake paschim mein sthit haye. amarna key poorv kii or kaee aadhunik gaanv hain, jinake pramukh uttar mein ell-till aur dakshin mein ell-haag-kandil hain. iss kshetra mein gatividhi amarna kaal seey baad key roman yug taka falati-phoolati rahee. naam. amarna" naam benny amran janjaati seey aaya haye joe iss kshetra mein rahati thee aur kuchh bastiyon kii sthaapana kii thee. pracheen misra kaa naam akhetaten thaa. angreji misra vigyaani surr johnn gardner wilkinson ney 1820 key dashak mein dou baar amarna kaa daura kiya aur roman yug key lekhakon pliny ("pattharon parr") aur tolemy ("bhugol") key kabhi-kabhi virodhabhasi vivaranon key baad ise alabastron key roop mein pahachaana, halanki vaha pehchaan key baare mein nishchit naheen they aur unhone ack vaikalpik sthaan key roop mein come ell-ahmar kaa sujhaav diyaa. akhetatan kaa shahar. shahar kaa kshetra prabhaavi roop seey ack kunwari sthal thaa, aur yeh vaha shahar thaa jise akhetaten ney atten kii "pahale avsar kii seat" key roop mein varnit kiya thaa, jise unhone apane liye banaaya thaa taaki vaha isamen aaraam curr sakein. yeh hoe sakata haye kii shaahi vaadi kii "kshitij" key liye chitralipi seey samaantaa seey pataa chalaa kii yeh shahar khojane kaa sthaan thaa. shahar koo firaun akhenaten kii naee rajdhani key roop mein banaaya gayaa thaa, joe atten koo unake nae dharm kii pooja key liye samarpit thaa. nirmaan unake shasankal (1346 eesaa poorv) key 5 varsh mein yaa usake aspas shuru huaa aur shayed varsh 9 (1341 eesaa poorv) taka puuraa hoe gayaa thaa, halanki yeh dou saal pahale rajdhani shahar bunn gayaa thaa. shahar key nirmaan mein teji laane key liye adhikansh imaraton kaa nirmaan mitty kii eenton seey kiya gayaa thaa aur safed dhoya gayaa thaa. sabse mahatvapurna imaraton kaa saamana sthaaniya patthar seey kiya gayaa thaa. yeh ekmatra pracheen misra kaa shahar haye joe apani aantarik yojana key mahaan vivaran koo sanrakshit kartaa haye, badey hisse mein kyonki shahar koo akhenaten kii mrityu key baad chhod diyaa gayaa thaa, jaba akhenaten key bete, raajaa tutankhamun ney shahar chhodane aur thebs (aadhunik vilasita) mein apane janmasthan parr lautane kaa faisala kiya. aisaa lagata haye kii unaki mrityu key baad ack dashak yaa usase adhik samay taka shahar sakriya rhaa haye, aur horemheb kaa ack mandir ingit kartaa haye kii yeh cumm seey cumm unake shasankal kii shuruat mein aanshik roop seey kabja curr liya gayaa thaa, aggar kewal kaheen aur nirmaan samagri key srot key roop mein. ack baar jaba ise chhod diyaa gayaa, tou yeh taba taka nirjan rhaa jaba taka kii nile key kinare parr roman basti shuru naheen hoe gaee. haalaanki, isake nirmaan aur parityag kii anoothi paristhitiyon key kaaran, yeh savalia haye kii yeh vaastav mein pracheen misra key shaharon kaa pratinidhi haye. amarna kaa nirmaan jaldbaji mein kiya gayaa thaa aur nile nadee key purvi tata parr lagbhag ack kshetra koo cover kiya gayaa thaa; paschimi tata parr, shahar kii aabaadi key liye fasalen pradaan karane key liye bhoomi alag rakhee gaee thee. misra kii iss naee rajdhani shahar kii sthaapana key liye akhenten kii sthitiyon kaa vivaran dete hue puuraa shahar kull 14 seema stambhon seey ghiraa huaa thaa. akhenaten key nae shahar seey sabse pahale dinaankit stelle koo "seema stelle key" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye joe akhenaten key shasankal key varsh 5, IV peret (yaa maheena 8), dinn 13 kaa haye. (mool 14 seema stambhon mein seey adhikansh buri tarah seey nasht hoe gaye hain.) yeh iss shahar kii akhenaten kii neenv kaa ack vivaran sanrakshit kartaa haye. dastaavez mein firaun kii ichcha darj haye kii yahaan atten key kaee mandir banaae jaaen, taaki amarna kii purvi pahaadiyon mein usake liye, usaki mukhya patni nefertiti aur usaki sabse badee betty key liye kaee shaahi makbare banaae jaa sakein, saath hii saath usaki spasht aagya haye kii jaba vaha marr jaayega, tou usey dafanaane key liye vaapas amarna laaya jaayega. seema stambh key una ghatnaaon kaa vivaran prastut kartaa haye joe amarna mein manaae jaa rahey theh iss paath mein taba kahaa gayaa haye kii akhenaten ney bhagwan atten koo ack mahaan bhent dee thee aur yeh [avsar kaa] vishay haye joe stelle key lunnet mein sachitra haye jahan vaha apani raani aur sabse badee betty key saath ack vedi key saamane khadaa haye joe atten key neeche prasaad key saath dher haye, jabaki yeh usa parr chamakata haye joe apani kiranon key saath apane shareer koo kayakalp curr rhaa haye." site aur yojana. nile key purvi tata parr sthit, shahar key khandahar lagbhag uttar seey dakshin mein ack "shaahi sadak" key saath rakhe gaye hain, jise abb "sikhet aiss-sultan" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye. shaahi nivaas aam taur parr uttar mein hotey hain, jise uttari shahar key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, ack kendriya prashaasan aur dhaarmik kshetra key saath aur shahar key dakshin mein aavaasiya upnagar hotey hain. uttari shahar. yadi koee uttar seey nadee key kinare amarna shahar key paas jaataa haye tou uttari seema key paas kii pahali imaaraten uttari nadee key kinare kaa mahal hogi. yeh imarat tata taka chully aur sambhavatah shaahi parivaar kaa mukhya nivaas thaa. uttari shahar kshetra key bheetar sthit uttari mahal shaahi parivaar kaa mukhya nivaas haye. iss aur kendriya shahar key beach, uttari upnagar shuru mein badey gharon key saath ack samriddh kshetra thaa, lekin ghar kaa aakar cumm hoe gayaa aur sadak seey aage garib hoe gayaa. kendriya shahar. adhikansh mahatvapurna aupchaarik aur prashaasnik bhawan kendriya shahar mein sthit they. yahaan atten key mahaan mandir aur chhote atten mandir kaa upayog dhaarmik karyon key liye kiya jaataa thaa aur inn mahaan shaahi mahal aur shaahi nivaas key beach raajaa aur shaahi parivaar kaa aupchaarik nivaas thaa, aur ack pull yaa ramp seey judaa huaa thaa. shaahi nivaas key peechhe sthit firaun kaa patrachar beuro thaa, jahan amarna patra paae gaye they. yeh kshetra sambhavatah puuraa honey vaalaa pahala kshetra thaa, aur nirmaan key cumm seey cumm dou charan they. dakshini upnagar. shahar key dakshin mein vaha kshetra thaa jise abb "dakshini upnagar" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa. isamen shahar key kaee shaktishali raeeson kii jaagiren theen, jinamen nakhtapaten (mukhyamantri), ranfar, panehesi (atten key pradhaan pujari) aur ramos (ghodon key swami) shamil they. iss kshetra mein moortikaar thutmose kaa studio bhee thaa, jahan 1912 mein nefertity kii prasiddh pratima millie thee. shahar key dakshin mein aage come all-naana thaa, ack gheraav, jise aamtaur parr "soorya-chhaaya" key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, aur shayed ack soorya-mandir key roop mein banaaya gayaa thaa.aur phir maaru-atten, joe ack mahal yaa soorya-mandir thaa, mool roop seey maanaa jaataa thaa kii akhenaten kii raani kiya key liye banaaya gayaa thaa, lekin usaki mrityu parr uska naam aur chhaviyon koo badalkar usaki betty, yogyata key roop mein badal diyaa gayaa. shahar key baahari ilaake. shahar key aspas aur isaki seema koo chihnit karate hue, seema stambh (nile key donon taraf chattanon parr nakkashidar chattan kaa pratyek aayat) shahar kii sthaapana kaa varnan karate hue isake baare mein jaankaari kaa ack praathamik srot haye. shahar seey door akhenaten kaa shaahi kabristan shahar key poorv mein ack sankeern ghaati mein shuru kiya gayaa thaa, joe chattanon mein chhipi hui thee. kewal ack makbara puuraa huaa thaa, aur ack anaam shaahi patni dwara upayog kiya gayaa thaa, aur akhenaten kii kabr kaa upayog jaldbaji mein usey pakadane key liye kiya gayaa thaa aur sambhavatah unaki doosari betty meketaten. shaahi vaadi key uttar aur dakshin mein chattanon mein, shahar key raeeson ney apani kabron kaa nirmaan kiya. pracheen amarna/aakhetatan mein jeevan. amarna kii sthaapana key baare mein joe kuchh bhee jaanaa jaataa haye, vaha shahar kii paridhi koo gherne vaali aadhikarik seema stambh (13 gyaat hain) kii ack shrinkhala key sanrakshan key kaaran haye. inhen neel key donon or kii chattanon mein kaataa jaataa haye (poorv mein 10, paschim mein 3) aur sthaapana seey laker isake girane seey thheek pahale taka aakhetaten (amarna) kii ghatnaaon koo darj kiya jaataa haye. theebs seey amarna kii or badhane key liye, akhenaten koo senaa key samarthan kii aavashyakta thee. akhenaten key pramukh salaahkaaron mein seey ack, aya ney iss kshetra mein bahut prabhaav daala kyonki unake pitaa yuya ack mahatvapurna sainya netaa they. isake alawa, senaa mein harr koee ack saath badaa huaa thaa, way akhenaten key pitaa key tahat misra key itihas mein sabse ameer aur sabse safal avadhi kaa hissa rahey they, isaliye rankon key beach wafadari majboot aur atoot thee. shayed sabse mahatvapurna baat yeh thee kii "yeh ack aisee senaa thee jisake badey paimaane parr raajaa ney mandir key nakkashi mein jashn manaane kaa harr avsar liya, pahale theebs mein aur baad mein amarna mein." dhaarmik jeevan. jabaki akhenten key sudhaaron koo aam taur parr ack prakaar key ekeshwarwad, yaa shayed adhik sateek, ekaatmvaad kii or unmukh maanaa jaataa haye, puraataatvik sakshya seey pataa chalata haye kii anya devtaon koo bhee sammaanit kiya jaataa thaa, yahaan taka kii atten panth key kendra mein bhee-yadi aadhikarik roop seey naheen, tou cumm seey cumm una logon dwara joe vahaan rahate they aur kaam karate they. ... swayam akhetaten mein, kemp dwara haal hii mein kii gaee khudai (2008:41-46) mein una vastuon kii upasthiti dikhaai gaee haye joe devtaon, devi-devtaon aur prateekon koo darshaati hain joe vyaktigat vishvaas key paaramparik kshetra seey sambandhit hain. aise kaee udaaharan paae gaye hain, jaise dusht aatmaon koo door karane vaali vichitra bauni aakriti, saath hii devi-rakshas, tawar, aanshik magarmachcha, aanshik hippopotamus, joe bachche key janm seey judee hui thee. akhetaten key shaahi kamgaron key gaanv mein bhee, isis aur shade koo samarpit stelle kii khoj kii gaee haye (waterson 1984:158 aur 208). amarna kalaa shally. lambe samay seey sthaapit misra key sammelanon key saath amarna kalaa-shally toot gaee. pichhali misra kii kalaa key sakht aadarshvaadi aupchaariktaa key vipareet, isane apane vishayon koo adhik yathaarthvaadi roop seey chitrit kiya. inmein anaupchaarik drishya shamil they, jaise kii shaahi parivaar key bheetar sneh kaa antarang chitran yaa apane bachchon key saath khelna, aur abb mahilaaon koo purushon kii tulanaa mein halke rung key roop mein chitrit naheen kiya gayaa. kalaa mein ack yathaarthvaad bhee thaa joe kabhi-kabhi caricature parr adharit hotaa haye. jabaki atten kii pooja koo baad mein amarna pakhand aur daman key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa, iss kalaa kii ack adhik sthaayi viraasat thee. punah khoj aur utkhanan. 18veen aur 19veen shatabdi kii khudai. shahar kaa pahala paschimi ullekh 1714 mein ack francisi jesuit pujari clod securd dwara kiya gayaa thaa, joe nile ghaati seey gujar rhaa thaa, aur amarna seey seema stambh kaa varnan kiya thaa. misra key adhikansh bhaag kii tarah, iska daura napolean key "core dee savent" dwara 1798-1799 mein kiya gayaa thaa, jinhone amarna kaa pahala vistrit maanchitra taiyar kiya, jise baad mein 1821 aur 1830 key beach "discription dee ell 'agypte" mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. iss europeeya anveshan key baad 1824 mein jaari rhaa jaba surr johnn gardiner wilkinson ney shahar key avasheshon kii khoj kii aur maanchitran kiya. pratilipikaar robert haye aur unake sarvekshak jee. lever ney ilaake kaa daura kiya aur rait key bahaav seey kaee dakshini makbaron kaa pataa lagaaya, 1833 mein rahaton koo record kiya. ghaas aur lever dwara banaai gaee pratiyaan badey paimaane parr british pustakalaya mein aprakaashit hain, jahaan unake sthaanon kii pehchaan karane key liye ack chala rahee pariyojana chala rahee haye. richard lepsius key netritva mein prussian abhiyaan ney 1843 aur 1845 mein iss sthal kaa daura kiya, aur chitron aur kagaj key nichod kaa upayog karate hue kull baarah dinon mein dou alag-alag yaatraon mein amarna key drishya smarakon aur sthalaakriti koo darj kiya. parinam antatah 1849 aur 1913 key beach "dancomler aus egypton aind ethiopian" mein prakaashit kiye gaye, jisamen shahar kaa ack behtar naksha bhee shamil thaa. sateekta mein kuchh hudd taka seemit honey key bavjood, utkeern "dankmaller" plates ney niji kabron mein kaee drishyon aur shilalekhon key shaikshik gyaan aur vyakhya key liye aadhar banaaya aur shesh shatabdi key liye kuchh seema stambh banaae. inn praarambhik khojkarta teams dwara banaae gaye record bahut mahatvapurna hain kyonki inmein seey kaee avashesh baad mein nasht hoe gaye they yaa anyatha khou gaye they. amarna key akshar. 1887 mein, "sebakh" key liye khudai karane vaali ack sthaaniya mahila ney 300 seey adhik cuniform goliyon (abb aamtaur parr amarna aksharon key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye) kaa ack sangrah paaya. inn goliyon mein firo key chuninda rajanyik patrachar koo darj kiya gayaa thaa aur mukhya roop seey akadian mein likhaa gayaa thaa, joe aamtaur parr pracheen nikat poorv key kansya yug key anta mein iss tarah key sanchaar key liye upayog kiya jaane vaalaa "lingwa franca" thaa. iss khoj ney sthal key mahatva koo maanyata dee, aur anveshan mein aur vriddhi kii. raajaa key makbare kii khudai. 1891 aur 1892 key beach alessandro barsanti ney raajaa key makbare kii khoj kii aur usey saaf curr diyaa (haalaanki yeh shayed 1880 key aspas sthaaniya aabaadi koo pataa thaa). lagbhag usee samay surr flinders petri ney amarna mein ack season key liye kaam kiya, misra anveshan kosh seey swatantra roop seey kaam kiya. unhone mukhya roop seey kendriya shahar mein khudai kii, atten key mahaan mandir, mahaan aadhikarik mahal, raajaa key ghar, firaun key patrachar beuro aur kaee niji gharon kii jaanch kii. halanki aksar ack sondez seey thodaa adhik hotaa haye, lekin petri kii khudai seey atirikt cuniform goliyaan, kaee kaanch key karkhanon key avashesh, aur mahal key kachare key dher (mycenian shered sahit) kii chhaan-bean mein badee matra mein fenke gaye fence, kaanch aur cheeni mitty kaa pataa chalaa. apane parinamon aur punarnirmaan koo teji seey prakaashit karke, petri site kii kshamata mein aur ruchi koo protsaahit karane mein saksham thaa. 20veen shatabdi kii khudai. copist aur kalakar norman dee garis davies ney 1903 seey 1908 taka amarna seey niji kabron aur seema stambhon kaa chitra aur photographic vivaran prakaashit kiya. inn pustakon koo 2006 mein ee. aiss. dwara punah prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. 20veen shatabdi key shuruati varshon (1907 seey 1914) mein duesh orientalschaft abhiyaan, jiska netritva ludwig borchard ney kiya, shahar key uttar aur dakshin upnagaron mein badey paimaane parr khudai kii. neftity kii prasiddh pratima, joe abb berlin key egyptis sangrahalaya mein haye, moortikaar thutmose kii karyashala mein anya murtikala kalakritiyon key beach khoji gaee thee. agast 1914 mein pratham vishva yuddh key prakop ney german khudai koo samaapt curr diyaa. 1921 seey 1936 taka ack misra anveshan samaaj abhiyaan tii key nirdeshan mein amarna mein khudai key liye laut aaya.ee. peat, surr leonard wooley, heinry frankfort, stephen glanville aur johnn pendalbury. mairi chabb ney khudai prashaasak key roop mein kaary kiya. nae sire seey kii gaee jaanch dhaarmik aur shaahi sanrachanaon parr kendrit thee. 1960 key dashak key dauran misra key puravashesh sangathan (abb pracheen vastuon kii misra kii sarvocch parishad) ney amarna mein kaee khudai kii. 21veen sadee kii khudai. shahar kaa anveshan vartamaan mein jaari haye, vartamaan mein bairi kemp (misra vigyaan mein emeritus professor, cambridge vishvavidyalaya, ingland) key nirdeshan mein (2006 taka, misra anveshan samaaj key tatvavdhan mein aur abb misra key saath). 1980 mein geophrey martin key netritva mein ack alag abhiyaan ney shaahi makbare seey raahat kaa varnan aur pratilipi banaai, baad mein apane nishkarshon koo kabr seey aaee vastuon key saath prakaashit kiya. yeh kaam ee. ee. aiss. dwara 2 khandon mein prakaashit kiya gayaa thaa. 2005 seey 2013 taka, amarna pariyojana ney raeeson kii dakshini kabron key paas niji vyaktiyon key kabristan mein khudai kii. media mein. kaalpanik. "prasiddh elizabeth peaters dwara likhit "chitrit raani".key.2013 mein lekhak key nidhan key baad ack barbara mertz amelia peabody upanyason kii sabse halia kist haye. elizabeth peaters ack school prashikshit puraatatvavid theen, lekin unake purush sahyogiyon dwara unhein yeh samajhaaya gayaa kii ack mahila puraatatvavid naheen thee, isaliye unhone una stree virodhi misravidon key aadhar parr paatr banaae..."jaisa kii sarah parkak ney kahaa haye, ack mahila puraatatvavid joe remot sensing mein visheshagyata rakhti haye. iss saahasik kaary mein ack mahila puraatatvavid amelia peabody aur neftity kii laapata pratima kaa rahasya haye. chitrit raani 1912 mein amarna mein vaastavik khudai key kaee saal baad hoti haye, jaba misra mein khudai kewal europeeya, sthaaniya bhaade key loga yaa lutere hotey hain. sabhi achche rahasya upanyason kii tarah, haasya, modd aur modd hotey hain, aur ack hull kiye gaye mamle kaa ack anumaanit anta hotaa haye. "michel moran kii "neftity" ack aitihaasik kathaa haye joe paathak koo raani neftity aur usaki chhoti bahan mutnodzemate key drishtikon seey margadarshan karati haye. kahani theebs mein unake samay seey laker amarna aur akhenaten kii mrityu key baad kii samayrekha kaa anusaran karati haye. nefertiti akhenaten key darbar yaa haraam mein mukhya patni thee. haalaanki vaha kaee aitihaasik mahila aadarshon key roop mein naam seey jaani jaati hain, lekin unaki kahani koo aksar mardana shasakon key liye andekha curr diyaa jaataa haye. michel moran ney raani aur usaki bahan kii kahani koo raajneetik rahasyon, masumiyat kii haani aur pitrisattaatmak samaaj mein mahila shakti key saath web kiya. gair-kaalpanik. "akhenaten aur nefertiti kaa shaharah amarna aur usake loga" bairi kemp dwara, amarna kii avadharana seey laker shahar key parityag taka sub kuchh charcha kartaa haye. pustak key bheetar aisee chhaviyaan hain joe kalaa, vastukala aur shahar koo pradarshit karati hain jaisa kii yeh (punarnirmaan) thaa aur abb. isamen kemp dwara "pracheen duniya koo aakar dene vaale shahar" pustak mein likhaa gayaa ack chhota adhyaay bhee haye. patrikaaen. pichhale varshon mein "rashtriya bhaugolik" aur puraataatvik lekhon ney amarna, akhenaten, tutankhamun yaa nefertiti parr lekh prakaashit kiye hain. adhikansh lekh paperback yaa rashtriya bhaugolik website donon mein paaya jaa sakata haye (vartamaan mein sabse halia lekh janwari 2021 mein prakaashit huaa thaa). opera. "phillip glass dwara "akhnaten", adhiniyam II, drishya 3 ("shahar") akhenaten seey akhetaten banaane key janadesh kaa varnan kartaa haye. angreji mein ise lagaatar "kshitij kaa shahar" kahaa jaataa haye.

amarnah amarnah (;) hadinentane rajavamshada rajadhani nagaravagidda avasheshagalannu hondiruva eejiptina ondu vyaapakavaada puratatva taanavaagide. ee nagaravannu cree. poo. 1346ralli sthaapisalaayitu, idannu ferro akhenatenna nirdeshanadalli nirmisalaayitu mattu cree. poo. 1332ralli avana maranada nantara adannu kaibidalaayitu. praachina egyptinavaru nagarakke balasida hesarannu inglishnalli akhetatan athawa akhetatan endu lipyantaragolisalaagide, idarartha "attenna diganta". ee taanavu nail nadiya purva dandeyallide, indu eejiptina minya praantyadallide. idu all-minya nagarada dakshinakke, eejiptina rajadhani kairoda dakshinakke mattu laksarina uttarakke (hindina rajadhani theebsna sthala) ide. deer mawas nagaravu adara paschimakke neravagi ide. amarnaada purva bhagadalli halavaaru aadhunika gramagalive, avugala mukhyastharu uttaradalli ell-till mattu dakshinadalli ell-hugg kandil. ee pradeshadalli chatuvatikegalu amarnah avadhiyinda nantarada roman yugadavarege pravardhamanakke bandavu. hesaru. amarnah" emba hesaru ee pradeshadalli vasisuttidda mattu kelavu vasaahatugalannu sthaapisida beni amran budakattininda bandide. praachina eejiptina hesaru akhetaten aagittu. inglish egyptologist surr zaan gardner wilkinson avaru 1820rahra dasakadalli eradu baari amarnakke bheti niididaru mattu roman-yugada lekhakaru pliny ("kallugala mele") mattu tolemy ("bhougolikate") avara kelavomme virodhaatmaka vivaranegalannu anusarisi adannu alabastron endu gurutisidaru, aadaagyoo avaru gurutisuvikeya bagge khachitavagiralilla mattu come ell-ahmer annu paryaya sthalavendu soochisidaru. akhetaten nagara. nagarada pradeshavu parinamakariyagi ondu kanyeya taanavaagittu, mattu ee nagaravannu akhetaten aatanu "modala prasangada aasana" endu bannisiddanu, adannu aatanu adaralli vishraanti padeyalu swatah nirmisiddanu. diganta" dha chitralipige rajamanetanada vaadiya holikeyu nagaravannu kanduhidida sthala idaagide endu torisirabahudu. ee nagaravannu ferrona akhenatenna hosa rajadhaniyagi nirmisalaayitu, idu avana hosa aradhana dharmavaada attenge samarpisalaagide. nirmaanavu avana aalvikeya 5neey varshadalli (cree. poo. 1346) athawa adara suttamutta praarambhavaayitu mattu bahushah 9neey varshadalli (cree. poo. 1341) poornagonditu, aadaagyoo idu eradu varshagala hinde raajadhaaniyaayitu. nagarada nirmaanavannu vegagolisalu hecchina kattadagalannu mannina ittigegalinda nirmisalaayitu mattu bili bannavannu toledu haakalaayitu. atyanta pramukha kattadagalu sthaliya kallina mukhavannu hondiddavu. idu tanna aantarika yojaneya hecchina vivaragalannu samrakshisuva ekaika praachina eejiptina nagaravagide, ekendare akhenatenna maga, raaja tutankhamun, nagaravannu toredu theebsnalliruva tanna janmasthalakke (aadhunika aisharami) maralalu nirdharisidaaga, akhenatenna maranada nantara nagaravannu kaibidalaayitu. avana maranada nantara ondu dashakadavarege nagaravu sakriyavagi ulidukondide endu toruttade, mattu horemheb avara devaalayavu avana aalvikeya aarambhadalli, berede nirmaana saamagrigala moolavaagiddare, kanishta bhagashah aakramitavaagittu endu soochisuttade. omme adannu kaibitta nantara, nail nadiya anchinalli roman vasaahatu praarambhavaaguvavarege idu janavasati rahitavagittu. aadaagyoo, adara rachane mattu tyajisuvikeya vishishta sanniveshagalindaagi, idu vaastavaagi praachina eejiptina nagaragalannu eshtu pratinidhisuttade embudu prashnaarhavaagide. nail nadiya purva dandeya sumaru pradeshavannu aavarisi, nagarada janasankhyege belegalannu odagisalu paschima dandeya mele bhoomiyannu meesalittu, amarnavannu taraturiyalli nirmisalaayitu. eejiptina ee hosa rajadhani nagaravannu sthapisalu akhenatenna paristhitigalannu vivarisuva ottu 14 gadi steleyinda idee nagaravu suttuvariyalpattittu. akhenatenna hosa nagarada atyanta haleya dinankada shilashasanavannu "boundary stelle keey" endu kareyalaaguttade, idu akhenatenna aalvikeya 13neey dinavaada 5neey varsha, 4neey peret (athawa 8neey tingalu) kke sambandhiside. (moola 14 boundary stellegalalli hechchinavu kettadaagi saveduhogive.) idu ee nagarada akhenatenna adipayavannu samrakshisuttade. illi halavaaru devaalayagalannu nirmisuva ferrona bayakeyannu daakhalisuttade, amaranaada purva bettagalalli halavaaru raaja samadhigalannu nirmisalu, tanna mukhya patni nefertity mattu avana hiriya magalu meritaton mattu avanu sattaaga, avanannu samadhigagi amaranage marali karetaralaaguttade emba avana spashta aagneyannu daakhalisuttade. gadi stela keey amarnaadalli aacharisalaaguttidda ghatanegala vivaraneyannu parichayisuttadeh ee pathyavu nantara akhenaten devaru attenge dodda arpaneyannu maadidanendu heluttade mattu idu [sandarbhada] vishayavaagiddu, idu steleya loonetgalalli vivarisalaagide, allie avanu tanna raani mattu hiriya magalondige atten adiyalli arpanegalinda koodida balipeethada munde nilluttaane, adhu avana mele tanna dehavannu adara kiranagalinda punarujjeevanagolisuttade." sait mattu yojane. nail nadiya purva dandeyalliruva nagarada avasheshagalannu sarisumaaru uttaradinda dakshinakke "rajara raste" yaya uddakkoo irisalaagide, idannu eega "sikhet ess-sultan" endu kareyalaaguttade. rajamanetanada nivaasagalu samanyavagi uttarakke, uttara nagara endu kareyalpaduva, kendra aadalita mattu dharmika pradeshavannu hondiddu, nagarada daksina bhagavu vasati upanagaragalinda koodide. uttarada nagara. uttaradinda nadiya moolaka amarana nagaravannu sameepisidare, uttarada gadiyannu daatida modala kattadagalu uttarada nadiya dadada aramaneyagiruttave. ee kattadavu jalaabhimukhadavarege saaguttittu mattu bahushah rajamanetanada mukhya nivaasavaagittu. uttara nagara pradeshadolage rajamanetanada mukhya nivaasavaada uttara aramaneyide. ee mattu kendra nagarada naduve, uttara upanagaravu aarambhadalli dodda manegalannu hondiruva samruddha pradeshavaagittu, aadare maneya gatravu kadimeyaayitu mattu rasteyinda mattashtu badatanakke hoyitu. kendra nagara. bahuteka pramukha vidhyukta mattu aadalitaatmaka kattadagalu kendra nagaradallive. illi attenna dodda devalaya mattu sanna atten devaalayavannu dharmika karyagaligagi balasalaaguttittu mattu ivugala naduve rajamanetanada aramane mattu rajamanetanada nivaasavu raaja mattu rajamanetanada vidhyukta nivaasavaagittu mattu setuve athawa rampninda samparka hondittu. rajamanetanada nivaasada hinde ferrona patravyavahaarada kacheriyittu, allie amarnah patragalu kandubandavu. ee pradeshavu bahushah purnagonda modala pradeshavaagittu mattu kanishta eradu hantada nirmaanavannu hondittu. daksina upanagaragalu. nagarada daksina bhagavu eega "daksina upanagaragalu" endu kareyalpaduva pradeshavaagittu. idu nakhtpaten (mukhyamantri), runfer, panehesi (attenna pradhana archaka) mattu ramos (kuduregala wadeya) seridante nagarada aneka shaktishali kuleenara estetgalannu olagondittu. ee pradeshavu shilpi thutmosna studiyovannu saha hondittu, allie 1912 ralli nefertity prasiddha pratime kandubanditu. nagarada dakshinakke mattashtu dooradalli come ell-naana emba aavaranavittu, idannu samanyavagi "suryana-chaaye" endu kareyalaaguttade mattu idannu bahushah surya-devaalayavaagi nirmisalaagittu.nantara, aramane athawa surya-devaalayavaagidda maaru-atten annu moolatah akhenatenna raani kiyala nirmaanavendu bhaavisalaagittu, aadare aakeya maranada nantara aakeya hesaru mattu chitragalannu meritaten, avana magalendu badalaayisalaayitu. nagarada horavalaya. nagarada suttaloo mattu adara vyaaptiyannu gurutisuva, nagarada sthaapaneyannu vivarisuva gadi stelle (nailna eradoo badigalallina bandegala mele kettida bandeya aayata) adara bagge maahitiya praathamika moolavaagide. nagarada poorvadalliruva kiridaada kaniveyalli, bandegalalli adagiruva akhenatenna rajamanetanada samadhi praarambhavaayitu. kevala ondu samadhiyannu poornagolisalaayitu, mattu hesarisada rajamanetanada hendatiyu adannu balasitu, mattu akhenatenna samadhiyannu avanannu hidididalu taraturiyalli balasalaayitu mattu bahushah avana eradane magalaada mcetaten. rajamanetanada vaadiya uttara mattu dakshinadalliruva bandegalalli, nagarada srimantaru tamma samadhigalannu nirmisidaru. praachina amarnah/akhetaatennalli jeevana. nagarada paridhiyannu suttuvarediruva adhikruta gadi stelegala (13 tilidiruva) saraniya samrakshaneyu amarnah sthapaneya bagge hecchina maahitiyannu hondide. ivugalannu nail nadiya eradoo badigalallina bandegalaagi kattarisalaaguttade (poorvadalli 10, pashchimadalli 3) mattu akhetaten (amarnah) sthaapaneyaadaagininda adara patanada swalpa modalu nadeda ghatanegalannu daakhalisalaaguttade. theebsninda amarnakke teralalu, akhenaatenge military bembalada agatyavittu. akhenatenna pramukha salahegaararalli obbaraada ayy, ee pradeshadalli hecchina prabhaavavannu beeridaru ekendare avara tande yuya pramukha military naayakaraagiddaru. hechchuvariyagi, militariyalli ellaroo ottige belediddaru, avaru akhenatenna tandeya adiyalli eejiptina itihaasadalli atyanta srimanta mattu atyanta yashasvi avadhiya bhagavagiddaru, aaddarinda shreniya naduve nishte balavagittu mattu achalavagittu. bahushah atyanta mukhyavaagi, "idu ondu seeneyaagittu, adara brihat shreniyannu rajanu devaalayada shilpagalalli, modalu theebsnalli mattu nantara amarnaadalli acharisalu prati avakaashavannoo balasikondanu." dharmika jeevana. akhenatenna sudharanegalu samanyavagi ondu reetiya ekadevataavaadada kadege athawa bahushah hecchu nikharavaagi, ekadevataavaadada kadege aadhaaritavaagive endu nambalaagiddaroo, puratatva puraavegalu itara devategalannu saha gouravisalaaguttittu endu torisuttade, atten panthada kendradalliyu saha-adhikrutavaagi alladiddaroo, kanishta allie vasisuttidda mattu kelasa maadida janarinda. ... akhetaatennalli, kemp (2008:41-46) ittichege nadesida utkhananavu saampradaayika vaiyaktika nambikeya kshetrakke serida devarugalu, devategalu mattu chihnegalannu chithrisuva vastugala upasthitiyannu toriside. dushtashaktigalannu duraviduttidda vichitra kubja vyaktiyaada besna aneka udaaharanegalu, haageye herigeyondige sambandha hondidda devate-rakshasa, towerret, bhaaga mosale, bhaaga hipapatamasna aneka udaaharanegalu kandubandive. akhetaatennalliruva rajamanetanada karmikara halliyalli, aisis mattu shedge misalaagiruva steleyannu kanduhidiyalaagide (waterson 1984:158 & 208). amarana kalaa shaili. amarnah kalaa shailiyu deerghakaaladinda sthaapitavaada eejiptina sampradaayagalondige muridubittu. hindina eejiptina kaleya kattunittaada aadarshavaadi oupachaarikatege bhinnavagi, idu tanna vishayagalannu hecchu vaastavikavaagi chithriside. ivugalalli rajamanetanadolagina preetiya nikata chithranagalu athawa avara makkalondige atavaduvantaha anoupachaarika drashyagalu serive mattu mahileyarannu purushariginta haguravaada bannadalli chithrisalagilla. ee kaleyu kelavomme vyangyachitrada gadiyalliruva vastavikateyannu saha hondittu. atten aaradhaneyannu nantara amarnah dharmadrohi endu ullekhisalaayitu mattu nigrahisalaayitu, ee kaleyu hecchu shaashvatavaada parampareyannu hondittu. marushodhane mattu utkhanana. 18 mattu 19neey shatamaanada utkhananagalu. nail kaniveya moolaka prayanisuttidda french jesuit padri claud sicard 1714ralli nagarada modala pashchimatya ullekhavannu maadidaru mattu amarnaadinda gadi stelavannu vivarisidaru. eejiptina hecchina bhagadalliruvante, idakke nepolian "corps dii savants" avaru 1798-1799 nalli bheti niididaru, avaru amarnaada modala vivaravaada nakseyannu siddhapadisidaru, idannu taruvaaya 1821 mattu 1830 rahra naduve "discription dii ell 'eejipte" nalli prakatisalaayitu. ee european anveshaneya nantara 1824ralli surr zaan guardiner wilkinson nagarada avasheshagalannu anveshisi nakshe madidaga adhu munduvariyitu. copist robbert hay mattu avara surveyor zii. laver aaa pradeshakke bheti needi, maralina harivinindaada halavaaru dakshinada samadhigalannu pattehacchi, 1833ralli adara kettaneya tunukugalannu daakhalisidaru. hullu mattu laver maadida pratigalu british granthaalayadalli hechchaagi prakatavagade ulidive, allie avugala sthalagalannu gurutisuva yojane nadeyuttide. richard lepsius netrutvada prashyan dandayaatreyu 1843 mattu 1845ralli ee stalakke bheti needitu mattu rekhaachitragalu mattu kagadada hinduvikegalannu balasikondu ottu hanneradu dinagalli eradu pratyeka bhetigalalli amarnaada drashya smarakagalu mattu bhougolikateyannu daakhalisitu. phalitaamshagalannu antimavagi 1849 mattu 1913rahra naduve "denkmaller aus egypten mattu ethiopian" nalli prakatisalaayitu, idaralli nagarada sudhaarita naksheyu serittu. nikharateyalli svalpamattige simitavaagiddaroo, kettida "denkler" phalakagalu pandityapurna gnaana mattu khasagi samadhigalallina aneka drashyagalu mattu shasanagala vyakhyanakke mattu shatamaanada ulida bhagagalige kelavu gadi stelege aadhaaravaagiddavu. ee arambhika parishodhakara tandagalu maadida daakhalegalu apaara pramukhyateyannu hondive ekendare ivugalalli aneka avasheshagalu nantara naashavaadavu athawa kaleduhodavu. amarana aksharagalu. 1887ralli, "sebakh" gaagi ageyuttidda sthaliya mahileyobbaru 300kkoo hecchu cuniform matregala sangrahavannu (eega samanyavagi amarnah aksharagalu endu kareyalaaguttade) patte maadidaru. ee phalakagalu ferrona aayda rajatantrika patravyavahaaravannu daakhalisive mattu pradhaanavaagi acadian bhasheyalli bareyalpattive, praachina sameepada purvada kanchina yugada koneyalli antaha samvahanakkaagi samanyavagi balasalaaguva "lingwa franca". ee aavishkaaravu ee sthalada pramukhyateyannu gurutisalu kaaranavaayitu mattu anveshaneyalli mattashtu hecchalakke kaaranavaayitu. rajana samadhiya utkhanana. 1891 mattu 1892rahra naduve aleshandro barasanti rajana samadhiyannu kanduhididu teravugolisidaru (aadaagyoo idu bahushah 1880rinda sthaliya janarige tilidittu). adhe samayadalli surr flinders petri avaru amarnaadalli ondu rtuvinalli kelasa maadidaru, egypt parishodhanaa nidhiyinda svatantravagi kelasa maadidaru. aatanu pradhaanavaagi kendra nagaradalli utkhanana maadi, attenna dodda devalaya, dodda adhikruta aramane, rajana maney, ferrona patravyavahaarada kacheri mattu halavaaru khasagi manegalannu tanikhe maadidanu. aagaagge ondu santeginta swalpa hecchu mottavannu hondiddaroo, petriya utkhananagalu hechchuvari cuniform matregalu, halavaaru gaajina kaarkhaanegala avasheshagalu mattu aramaneya kasada raashigalannu (mycenian sherdgalu seridante) shodhisuvalli dodda pramaanadalli bisaadalaada fines, gaaju mattu ceramic annu bahirangapadisidavu. tanna phalitaamshagalu mattu punarnirmanagalannu tvaritavagi prakatisuva moolaka, petrige aaa sthalada saamarthyada bagge hecchina aasaktiyannu uttejisalu saadhyavaayitu. 20neey shatamaanada utkhananagalu. copist mattu kalaavida norman dii garis davis avaru 1903 rinda 1908 ravarege amarnaadinda khasagi samadhigalu mattu boundary stelegala rekhaachitra mattu chayagrahanada vivaranegalannu prakatisidaru. ee pustakagalannu 2006 ralli ees maruprakatisitu. 20neey shatamaanada arambhika varsagalalli (1907rinda 1914) ludwig borchard netrutvadalli duche orientagecelshaft dandayaatreyannu nagarada uttara mattu daksina upanagaragalaadyanta vyaapakavaagi utkhanana maadalaayitu. eega barlin egyptisches vastusangrahaalayadalliruva nefertity prasiddha pratimeyannu shilpi thutmosna karyagaradalli itara silpakaleya kalakrutigala naduve kanduhidiyalaayitu. 1914rahra augustinalli modala mahayuddhavu prarambhavadaga germany utkhananagalu konegondavu. 1921rinda 1936ravarege egypt anveshane samajada dandayaatreyu tii. avara nirdeshanada merege amarnaadalli utkhananakke maralitu.ii. peat, surr leonard woolly, henry frankfort, stephen glanville mattu zaan pendalabari. merrie chab avaru diggs nirvaahakaraagi seve sallisidaru. naveekruta tanikhegalu dharmika mattu rajamanetanada ranchanegala mele kendrikrutavagiddavu. 1960rahra dasakadalli eejiptina praachina vastugala samstheyu (eega eejiptina praachina vastugala sarvochcha mandali) amarnaadalli halavaaru utkhananagalannu kaigonditu. 21neey shatamaanada utkhananagalu. prastuta, byaari kemp (inglendna cambridge vishvavidyaalayada egyptologyalli emeritus professor) avara nirdeshanadalli (2006 ravarege, egypt exploration society ashrayadalli mattu eega eejiptina anveshaneyondige) nagarada anveshaneyu indigoo munduvaredide. 1980ralli geofrey martin netrutvada pratyeka dandayaatreyu rajamanetanada samadhiya shilpagalannu vivarisitu mattu nakalu maaditu, nantara adara aavishkaragalannu samadhiya vastugalondige prakatisitu. ee krutiyannu 2 samputagalalli ee. ii. ess. prakatiside. 2005rinda 2013ravarege, amarnah yojaneyannu khasagi vyaktigala smashaanadalli, srimanta vargadavara dakshinada samadhigala bully utkhanana maadalaayitu. madhyamagalalli. kaalpanika. "prasiddha elizabeth peters bareda "dhii painted queen".keey.2013ralli lekhakara nidhanada nantara amelia peebadi kaadambarigalige barbara mertz ittichina kantu. elizabeth peters avaru shaala tarabeti padeda puraatatvashaastragnaraagidar, aadare mahileyobbalu puraatatvashaastragnaraaba endu avara purusha sahodyogigalu manavarike maadidaru, aaddarinda "avaru aaa stridveshada egyptologistgala aadhaarada mele patragalannu rachisidaru..."remot sensingnalli parinati hondiruva mahila puraatatvashaastragne saaraa parkak heliddaare. ee saahasadalli mahila puraatatvashaastragne amelia peebadi mattu kaaneyaada nefertity pratimeya rahasyavide. egyptinalli utkhananagalu kevala european, sthaliya nemakaatidaararu athawa lootigaararu matravagiddaga, amarnaadalli nijavaada utkhananagala halavaaru varshagala nantara, 1912ralli varnachitrada raani nadeyuttade. ellah olleya nigoodha kaadambarigalante, haasya, tiruvugalu mattu tiruvugalu mattu pariharisida prakaranada uhisabahudaada antyavide. "micheal moran avara "nefertity" ondu aitihaasika kaalpanika krutiyagiddu, idu raani nefertity mattu aakeya kiriya sahodari mutnodgemetra drashtikonadinda odugarige margadarshana niiduttade. ee katheyu theebsnallina aakeya samayadinda amaranaadavarege mattu akhenatenna maranada nantarada kaalavannu anusarisuttade. nefertitiyu akhenatenna asthaana athawa haramnalli mukhya patniyagiddalu. aneka aitihaasika mahila maadarigalendu aake hesarininda prasiddharagiddaroo, aakeya katheyannu pullinga aadalitagaararige hechchaagi kadeganisalaaguttade. micheal moran raani mattu aakeya sahodariya katheyannu rajakiya rahasyagalu, mugdhateya nashta mattu pitruprabhutvada samajadalli stree shaktiyondige web maaduttaare. kaalpanikavallada. "byaari kemp barediruva "akhenaten mattu nefertity nagarah amarnah mattu adara janaru", amarnah parikalpaneyinda hididu nagaravannu tyajisuvavarege ellavannoo charchisuttade. pustakadolage kale, vastushilpa mattu nagaravu egiruvante (punarnirmisalaagide) pradarshisuva chitragalu ive. idu "praachina jagattannu roopisida nagaragalu" emba pustakadalli kemp bareda ondu sanna adhyayavannu saha hondide. niyatakaalikegalu. kaleda varsagalalli "rashtriya bhougolika" mattu puratatva lekhanagalu amarnah, akhenaten, tutankhamun athawa nefertity bagge lekhanagalannu prakatisive. hecchina lekhanavannu paperback athawa rashtriya bhougolika jaalataana eradaralloo kaanabahudu (prastuta ittichina lekhanavannu janavari 2021 ralli prakatisalaagide). opera. "phillip glassninda "akhnaten", act II, drashya 3 ("nagara") akhetaten annu nirmisalu akhenaatenninda aadeshavannu vivarisuttade. inglish salugalalli, idannu nirantaravagi "digantada nagara" endu kareyalaaguttade.

amarna pathinettaam raajavamshathinte avasaanathe thalasthaana nagariyude avashishtangal adangiya vipulamaaya eejipshyan puraavastu sthalamaanu amarna (;). bii. sii. 1346ll faravo akhenaattante nirddeshaprakaaram nirmmicha eee nagaram bii. sii. 1332ll addehathinte maranashesham taamasiyaathe upekshikkappettu. purathana eejipthukar nagaratthinaayi upayogichirunna peru engleeshil "atten chakravaalam" ennartham varunna akhethaattan allengil akhethaattan ennaanu lipyantharanam cheythirikkunnathu. nail nadiyude kizhakkan theerathaanu eee sthalam sthithicheyyunnathu, innu eejipthile minya pravisyayilaanu. alle-minya nagarathinu thekk, eejipshyan thalasthaanamaaya kairoik thekk, laksarinu vadakku (muun thalasthaanamaaya theebsinte sthalam) aanu ithu. dheer mavas nagaram athinte padinjaaru bhagathaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. amarnayude kizhakk bhaagath niravadhi aadhunika graamangalund, avayude thalavanmaar vadakku ell-tillum thekk ell-hugg khandil aanu. amarna kaalaghattam muthal pilkkala roman yugam vare eee mekhalayile pravartthanangal abhivridhippettu. peru. eee pradeshathu thaamasikkukayum kurachu vaasasthalangal sthaapikkukayum cheytha benii amran gothrathil ninnaan amarna enna peru vannath. purathana eejipshyan peru akhethaattan ennaayirunnu. engleesh egyptologist sarr joonn gardner wilkinson 1820-kalil randuthavana amarna sandarshikkukayum roman kaalaghattatthile ezhuthukaaraaya pliny ("kallukalil"), tolami ("bhoomishaasthram") ennivarude vairudhyamulla vivaranangale pinthudarnnu athine alabastron ennu thirichariyukayum cheythu, ennirunnaalum thirichariyunnathinekkur addehathinu urappilla, koodaathe coom ell-ahmarine oru badal sthalamaayi nirddeshikkukayum cheythu. akhethaattan nagaram. nagaratthinte pradesham phalapradamaayi oru kanyaka saittaayirunnu, eee nagaratheyaanu akhethaattan attente "aadya avasarathinte irippidam, athil vishramikkaan vendi thaan svayam nirmmicha" ennu visheshippichathu. chakrawala" thinulla hyroglyphumaayi rajakeeya vaadiyude saamyam, nagaram kandethiya sthalamaanithennu kaanikkunnundaakam. faravo akhenaattante puthiya thalasthaanamaayi eee nagaram nirmikkappettu, addehathinte puthiya aaradhana mathathinu atten samarppichu. addehathinte bharanakaalatthinte 5-aamm varshatho (bii. sii. 1346) ekadesham nirmmaanam aarambikkukayum rund varsham munbu thalasthaana nagariyayi maariyengilum 9-aamm varshathode (bii. sii. 1341) poortthiyaakkukayum cheythirikkaam. nagaratthinte nirmmaanam vegathilaakkaan mikka kettidangalum cheli ishtika kondaanu nirmmichathu, vella niratthil kazhuki. ettavum pradhanappetta kettidangal praadeshika kallukalkk abhimukhamaayirunnu. akhenaattante makanaaya tudankhaamun rajaavu nagaram upekshichu tibeesile (aadhunika aadambaram) thante janmasthalathekku madangaan theerumaanichathinaal akhenaattante maranashesham nagaram upekshikkappettathinal, athinte aantharika padhathiyude valia vishadaamshangal samrakshikkunna oreyoru purathana eejipshyan nagaramaanith. addehathinte maranashesham oru pathittaando athiladhikamo kaalam nagaram sajeevamaayi thudarnnathaayi thonnunnu, horemhebinte oru kshethram soochippikkunnathu addehathinte bharanathinte thudakkathil athu bhaagikamaayo mattevideyengilum nirmmaana saamagrikalude uravidamaayittaayirunnavil polum. upekshikkappettukal, nailinte attathu roman kudiyettam aarambikkunnathuvare ithu janavaasamillathathaayi thudarnnu. ennirunnaalum, athinte srishtiyudeyum upekshikkalinteyum savisheshamaaya saahacharyangal kaaranam, ithu yadhaarthathil purathana eejipshyan nagarangale prathinidheekarikkunnath ethratholam samshayaaspadamaanu. nail nadiyude kizhakkan theerathu ekadesham oru pradesham amarna thidukkathil nirmmikkukayum cheythu; padinjaaran theerathu, nagaratthile janangalkk vilakal nalkunnathinaayi bhoomi neekkivachu. eejipthinte eee puthiya thalasthaana nagaram sthaapikkunnathinulla akhenaattante vyavasthakal vishadeekarikkunna motham 14 athirthi stelakalaal nagaram muzhuvan chuttappettirikkunnu. akhenaattante puthiya nagaratthil ninnulla aadyakaala stel "boundari stel keey" ennaanu ariyappedunnathu, ithu akhenaattante bharanakaalathe 5-aamm varsham, 4-aamm perettu (allengil 8-aamm maasam), 13-aamm divasam. (yadhaartha 14 athirthi stelakalil bhooribhaagavum moshamaayi nashichu.) eee nagaratthinte adithara akhenaattan sthaapichathinekkurichu oru vivaranam ithu samrakshikkunnu. amarnayude kizhakkan kunnukalil tanikkum thante mukhyabhaarya nefertitic mootha makal merittatteninum vendi niravadhi rajakeeya shavakudeerangal srishtikkanamenna faravoyude aagrahavum addeham marichukazhinjaal addehathe samskarikkunnathinaayi amarnayilekku thirike konduvarumenna vyakthamaaya kalpanayum rekhayil rekhappeduthiyittundu. amarnayil aakhoshichukondirunna sambhavangalude vivaranam boundari stela keey avatharippikkunnu eee grandham thudarnnu akhenaathen atten devanu oru valia vazhipaadu nadathiyennum atten keezhil vazhipaadukal niranja oru balipeetathinu munnil thante raajnjiyodum mootha makalodum oppam nilkkunna stelayude loonattukalil chithreekarichirikkunna [sandarbhathinte] prameyamaanithennum prasthaavikkunnu, athu athinte kiranangal kondu thante shareerathe punarujjeevippikkunnu." saittum padhathiyum. nailinte kizhakkan theerathu sthithi cheiyunna nagaratthinte avashishtangal ekadesham vadakku muthal thekk vare oru "rajakeeya rodiloode" sthaapichittundu, ippol ithu "sikhethu ezz-sultan" ennu ariyappedunnu. vadakku nagaram ennariyappedunna vadakku bhagathaanu saadhaaranayaayi rajakeeya vasathikal, kendrabharanavum mathaparamaya pradeshavum, nagaratthinte thekk bhaagath paarppida praanthapradeshangalum ulkkollunnu. vadakkan nagaram. oraal vadakku ninnu nadikkarayiloode amarna nagaratthe sameepikkukayaanenkil vadakkan athirthi stelikku mukalilulla aadyathe kettidangal vadakkan nadeetheerathe kottaramaayirikkum. eee kettidam theeram vare neenduninnu, orupakshe raajakudumbathinte pradhana vasathiyaayirunnu ithu. raajakudumbathinte pradhana vasathiyaya vadakkan kottaram vadakkan nagarapradeshathaanu sthithi cheiyunnathu. ithinum madhya nagaratthinum idayil, vadakkan praanthapradesham thudakkathil valia veedukalulla oru sambanna pradeshamaayirunnu, ennaal veedinte valuppam kurayukayum avaa roadle ninnu kooduthal daridramaavukayum cheythu. central sitti. pradhana achaaraparavum bharanaparavumaya kettidangalil bhooribhaagavum madhya nagaratthilaayirunnu. ivide attente valia shethravum cheria atten shethravum mathaparamaya chadangukalkkayi upayogichirunnu, ivaykkidayil valia rajakottaaravum raajakudumbathinteyum aachaaraparamaaya vasatiyum oru paalamo rampo vazhi bandhippichirunna rajakottaaravum rajakeeya vasatiyum aayirunnu. amarna aksharangal kandethiya faravoyude kathidapaadukalude beuro raaja vasathiykk pinnilaayirunnu. orupakshe poortthiyaaya aadyathe pradeshamaaya eee pradeshathinu kuranjathu rund ghattangalenkilum nirmmaanamundaayirunnu. thekkan praanthapradeshangal. nagaratthinte thekk bhaagathulla pradeshathe ippol "thekkan praanthapradeshangal" ennu vilikkunnu. nakhtpaatthan (mukhyamanthri), ranfer, panehesi (attente pradhana purohitan), ramos (kuthirakalude yajamanan) ennivarulppede nagaratthile shaktharaaya prabhukkanmaril palarudeyum estettukal ithil ulppedunnu. 1912ll prashasthamaaya nefertity prathima kandethiya silpiyaaya thatmosinte studiyoyum eee pradeshathundaayirunnu. nagaratthinte thekk bhagathaayi coom ell-naana enna oru enclosure undaayirunnu, ithu saadhaaranayaayi "sann-shade" ennu vilikkappedunnu, orupakshe sooryakshethramaayi nirmmichathaakaam.pinneedu akhenaattan raajnji kiyaykk vendi nirmmichathaanennu aadyam karuthiyirunna oru kottaramo sooryakshethramo aaya maaru-attan, ennaal avalude maranashesham avalude perum chithrangalum addehathinte makalaaya merittaattante perilekku maatti. nagaratthinte praanthapradeshangal. nagarathinu chuttum athinte vyaapthi adayaalappeduthunna athirthi stele (nailinte iruvashathumulla paarakkettukalil kothupanikalulla paarayude deerghachathuram) nagaratthinte sthaapanathe vivarikkunnath athinekkurichulla praadhamika vivara srothassaanu. nagaratthil ninnu akale, nagarathinu kizhakkulla oru idungiya thaazhvarayil paarakkettukalil olippichaan akhenaattante rajakeeya shavakudeeram aarambhichath. oru shavakudeeram maathrame poorthiyaayittulloo, peru velippeduthaatha oru rajakudumbangam athu upayogichu, akhenaattante shavakudeeram thidukkathil addehathe pidikkaan upayogichu, orupakshe addehathinte randaamathe makalaaya mekethaattan. rajakeeya vaadiyude vadakkum thekkum paarakkettukalil nagaratthile prabhukkanmaar avarude shavakudeerangal nirmmichu. purathana amarna/akhethaattanile jeevitam. amarnayude sthaapanathekkurichu ariyappedunnathil bhooribhaagavum nagaratthinte paridhiyil chuttunna audyogika athirthi stelakalude (13 ariyappedunnu) oru parambarayude samrakshanamaanu. iva nailinte iruvashathumulla paarakkettukalaayi (kizhakk 10, padinjaaru 3) murichu akhethaattan (amarna) sthaapithamaayathu muthal pathanatthinu thottumunbu vareyulla sambhavangal rekhappeduthunnu. theebsil ninnu amarnayilekku neengaan akhenaattan sainyathinte pinthuna aavashyamaayirunnu. akhenaattante pradhana upadeshtaakkalil oralaaya ayy, eee mekhalayil valia swaadheenam chelutthi, kaaranam addehathinte pithaav yuya oru pradhana sainika neethaavaayirunnu. koodaathe, sainyathile ellaavarum orumichu valarnnavaraan, avar akhenaattante pithaavinte keezhil eejipthinte charithratthile ettavum sambannavum vijayakaravumaya kaalaghattatthinte bhaagamaayirunnu, athinaal raankukal thammilulla vishwasthatha shakthavum achanjalavumaayirunnu. orupakshe ettavum pradhanamaayi, "aadyam tebilum pinneedu amarnayilum kshetra nirmmanangalil aaghoshikkaan rajaavu ellah avasarangalum upayogicha oru sainyamayirunnu athu." mathaparamaya jeevitam. akhenaattente parishkaarangal orutharam ekadaivavaadathilekko allengil orupakshe kooduthal krithyamaayi, ekadaivathvathilekko kendreekarichaanennu pothuve vishwasikkappedunnumdum, puraavastu thelivukal kaanikkunnath mattu devathakalum atten aaraadhanayude kendratthil polum aadarikkappettirunnu-audyogikamallengilum, kuranjathu avide thaamasikkukayum jolie cheyyukayum cheytha aalukalenkilum. ... akhettattanil thanne, kemp aduthide nadatthiya khananathil (2008:41-46) parambaraagatha vishwaasa mekhalayil ulppedunna devanmareyum devathakaleyum chinnangaleyum chithreekarikkunna vasthukkalude saannidhyam kaanichittundu. dushtaathmaakkale akattiya vichitramaaya kullan roopamaaya besinteyum athupole thanne prasavavumaayi bandhapetta raakshasan, taaverett, part mosal, part hypopotamus ennee devathakaludeyum niravadhi udaaharanagal kandethiyittundu. akhettaattanile rajakeeya thozhilaallikalude graamatthilum icis aandu shedinu samarppichirikkunna stela kandethiyittundu (vaattezhsan 1984:158,208). amarna kalayude shaili. deerghakaalamaayi sthaapithamaaya eejipshyan kanvenshanukalode amarna kalaaroopangal thakarnnu. muun eejipshyan kalayude karsanamaaya aadarshavaada aupachaarikathayil ninnu vyathyasthamayi, athu athinte vishayangale kooduthal yaadhaarthyabodhathode chithreekarichu. raajakudumbathinullile vaathsalyathinte aduppam chithreekarikkukayo avarude kuttikalodoppam kalikkukayo cheiyunna anoupachaarika ramgangal ithil ulppedunnu, koodaathe sthreekale purushanmaarekkaal ilam niramullavarayi chithreekarikkukayumilla. chilappol kaarikkecharinte athirthiyilulla oru yaadhaarthyabodhavum kalaykku undaayirunnu. atten aaradhanaye pinneedu amarna mathavidveshamennu vilikkukayum adichamarthukayum cheythappol, eee kalaykku kooduthal shaashvathamaaya paarambaryamundaayirunnu. punarnirmmanavum khananavum. 18-aamm noottaandileyum 19-aamm noottaandileyum khananagal. 1714ll nail thaazhvarayiloode sanjarichukondirunna franch jesuit purohithanaaya claude sicard aanu nagarathekkurichulla aadyathe paashchaathya paramarsham nadathiyathu. eejipthinte bhooribhaagatheyum pole, neppoliyante "corps dii saavants" 1798-1799 ll ithu sandarshichu, avar amarnayude aadyathe vishadamaaya bhoopadam thayyarakki, athu pinneedu 1821 num 1830 num idayil "discription dii ell eejipti" ll prasidheekarichu. 1824ll sarr joonn gardiner wilkinson nagaratthinte avashishtangal paryavekshanam cheyyukayum mapp cheyyukayum cheythappol eee europian paryavekshanam thudarnnu. koppist roobert heyum addehathinte surveyor jii. laver pradesham sandarshikkukayum manal ozhukkil ninnu niravadhi thekkan shavakudeerangal kandethukayum 1833-ll kothupanikal rekhappeduthukayum cheythu. pulla laver nirmmicha pakarppukal britiish libraryil prasidheekarikkappedaathe kidakkunnu, avide avayude lokkeshanukal thirichariyunnathinulla oru padhathi nadannuvarikayaanu. richard lepsiusinte neethrthwathilulla prussian paryaveshanam 1843lum 1845lum eee sthalam sandarshikkukayum droingukalum paper skveesukalum upayogichu motham panthrand divasangalilaayi rund vyathyastha sandarshanangalilaayi amarnayude drishya smaarakangalum bhooprakrithiyum rekhappeduthukayum cheythu. nagaratthinte mechappetta bhoopadam ulppede 1849 num 1913 num idayil "denkmaller oos eejipt undu ethiopian" enna prasidheekaranathilaanu phalangal aathyanthikamayi prasidheekarichathu. krithyathayil parimithamaanengilum, kothivacha "denkmaller" falakangal swakaarya shavakudeerangalileyum chila athirthi stelayileyum niravadhi ramgangaludeyum likhithangaludeyum pandithochithamaaya arivinum vyaakhyaanathinum adithara paakukayum cheythu. eee aadyakaala paryaveshaka samghangal nirmmicha rekhakalkku valareyadhikam praadhaanyamund, kaaranam eee avashishtangalil palathum pinneedu nasippikkappedukayo nashtappedukayo cheythu. amarna aksharangal. 1887-ll, "sebakkinaayi" kuzhikkunna oru praadeshika sthree 300-ladhikam cunifom gulikakalude (ippol amarna aksharangal ennariyappedunnu) oru kaashe kandethi. eee falakangal faravoyude thiranjeduttha nayatantra kathidapaadukal rekhappeduthukayum pradhaanamaayum acadian bhaashayilaan ezhuthukayum cheythath, purathana kizhakkan venkalayugathinte avasaanathil atharam aashayavinimayathinayi saadhaaranayaayi upayogichirunna "lingwa franca". eee kandethal saittinte praadhaanyam amgeekarikkunnathilekku nayikkukayum paryaveshanatthil kooduthal vardhanavinu kaaranamaakukayum cheythu. raajaavinte shavakudeerathinte khananam. 1891num 1892num idayil alessandro barsaanti raajaavinte shavakudeeram kandethukayum vrithiyaakkukayum cheythu (1880 muthal ithu praadeshika janangalkk ariyaamaayirunnuvenkilum). ekadesham athe samayathaan sarr flindezhs petri eejipt paryavekshana fundle ninnu swathanthramaayi jolie cheyth amarnayil oru seasonil jolie cheythath. atten enna mahathaaya kshethram, mahathaaya audyogika kottaram, rajakudumbam, faravoyude kathidapaadukalude beuro, niravadhi swakaarya veedukal enniva anweshikkunna addeham praadhamikamaayi madhyanagarathil khananam nadatthi. palappozhum oru sondejinekkaal alpam kooduthalaanengilum, petriyude khananangalil adhika cunifom gulikakal, niravadhi glass faaktarikalude avashishtangal, kottaaratthile maalinya koombaarangal (mysenian sherdukal ulppede) parishodhikkunnathil upekshikkappetta fains, glass, seramic ennivayude valia alavu enniva kandethi. thante phalangalum punarnirmmanangalum athivegam prasidheekarikkunnathi, saittinte saadhyathakalil kooduthal thaalparyam uthejippikkaan petriykk kazhinju. irupathaam noottaandile khananagal. 1903 muthal 1908 vare amarnayil ninnulla swakaarya shavakudeerangaludeyum athirthi stelayudeyum varachathum photographic vivaranangalum pakartthukayum cheytha norman dii garris davis eee pusthakangal 2006 ll ees veendum prasidheekarichu. irupathaam noottaandinte aadya varshangalil (1907 muthal 1914 vare) ludwig borchaardinte neethrthwathilulla dushe oriyantajesselshaaftt paryaveshanam nagaratthinte vadakkum thekkum praanthapradeshangaliludam vipulamaayi khananam cheythu. ippol berlin eejipthisches myusiyathilulla nefertityude prashasthamaaya prathima shilpi thatmosinte varkshoppil mattu shilpa karakaushala vasthukkalkkidayil kandethi. 1914 augustil onnaam lokamahaayudham pottippurappettathode jarmman khananam avasaanichu. 1921 muthal 1936 vare eejipt paryaveshana sosaitti paryaveshanam tii. yude nirddeshaprakaaram amarnayil khananathilekku madangi.iii. peett, sarr leonard wooley, henry frankfort, steefan glanville, joonn pendelbury. merii chab diggs administrettaayi sevanamanushtichu. mathaparavum rajakeeyavumaaya gadanakalil shradha kendreekarichaayirunnu puthukkiya anweshanangal. 1960kalil eejipshyan puraavastu samghadana (ippol eejipshyan paramonnatha puraavastu samiti) amarnayil niravadhi khananagal nadatthi. 21-aamm noottaandile khananagal. nilavil baari kembinte (englandile kembridge sarvakalaashaalayile egyptolajiyile emeritus professor) nirddeshaprakaaram (2006 vare, eejipt exploration sosaittiyude aabhimukhyathilum ippol eejipt exporsion sosaittiyilum) nagaratthinte paryavekshanam thudarunnu. 1980-ll jiophree maarttinte neethrthwathilulla oru prathyeka paryaveshanam rajakeeya shavakudeerathil ninnulla kothupanikal vivarikkukayum pakartthukayum cheythu, pinneedu athinte kandethalukal shavakudeerathil ninnu vannathayi karuthappedunna vasthukkalkoppam prasidheekarichu. eee kruthi 2 vaalyangalayi iii. iii. ezz. prasidheekarichu. 2005 muthal 2013 vare amarna padhathi prabhukkanmaarude thekkan shavakudeerangalkk sameepamulla swakaarya vyakthikalude semitheriyil khananam cheythu. maadyamangalil. saangalppika. "prashasthayaya elisabath peettezhs ezhuthiya "peyint cheytha raajnji".keey.2013ll ezhuthukaaran marichathinushesham amelia peebodi novalukalude ettavum puthiya bhagamaanu eiii barbera merts. elisabath peettezhs oru school pariseelanam labhicha puraavastu gaveshakayaayirunnu, pakshe oru sthree oru puraavastu gaveshakayallennu avalude purusha sahapravarthakar bodhyappedutthi, athinaal "aaa sthreevirudha egyptologistukale adisthaanamaakki avar kathaapaathrangal srishtichu..."remot sensingil vaidagdhyamulla vanita puraavastu gaveshakayaaya saaraa parkack paranjathupole. oru vanita puraavastu gaveshakayaaya amelia peebody kaanathaaya nefertityude prathimayude rahasyavum saahasikathayil ulppedunnu. 1912ll amarnayile yadhaartha khananathinu niravadhi varshangalkk sesham eejipthile khananagal europian, praadeshika vaadakakkaar allengil kollakkar mathramaayirikke peyint cheytha raajnji nadakkunnu. ellah nalla nigooda novalukaleyum pole, narmmavum valachodikkalukalum thirivukalum pariharikkapetta oru kesinte pravachanatheethamaaya avasaanavumund. "raajnji nefertityudeyum ilaya sahodari muthnodjemettinteyum veekshanakonil ninnu vaayanakkaarane nayikkunna oru charitraparamaaya kathayaanu mishel morren ezhuthiya "nefertity". theebsile avarude kaalam muthal amarna vareyum akhenaattante maranasheshavum ulla samayakramamaan katha pinthudarunnathu. akhenaattante kottaaratthile allengil haraamile mukhyabhaaryayaayirunnu nefertity. pala charitraparamaaya vanita roll modalukaleyum pole avar perukondu ariyappedunnundengilum, avarude katha palappozhum purusha bharanadhikaarikal avaganikkappedunnu. rashtreeya rahasyangal, niraparaadhithvam nashtappedal, purushaadhipathya samoohathile sthreeshakthi enniva upayogichu raajnjiyeyum sahodariye kurichulla thante katha maikkal morren webb cheiyunnu. saangalppikamallaatha. "baari kembinte "akhenaattan, nefertity nagaram amarna aviduthe janangalum" amarna enna ashayam muthal nagaram upekshikkal vare ellaam charcha cheiyunnu. kala, vaasthuvidya, nagaram enniva pazhayathupole (punarnirmmichathu) ippol pradarshippikkunna chithrangalaanu pusthakathilullathu. purathana lokathe roopappeduthiya nagarangal" enna pusthakatthil kemp ezhuthiya oru cheria adhyayavum ithilundu. maasikakal. kazhinja varshangalil "deseeya bhoomishaasthraparavum" puraavastu lekhanangalum amarna, akhenaattan, tudankhaamun allengil nefertity ennivayekkurichulla lekhanangal prasidheekarichittundu. lekhanathinte bhooribhaagavum paperbackilo deseeya bhoomishaasthra websaittilo kaanam (nilavil ettavum puthiya lekhanam 2021 januvariyil prasidheekarichu). ooppara. "philipp glassinte "akhnaatten", act II, seane 3 ("nagaram") akhettaatten nirmmikkanulla akhenaattenil ninnulla nirddesham vivarikkunnu. engleesh varikalil ithine sthiramaayi "chakravaalatthinte nagaram" ennu vilikkunnu.

amarna amarna (;) heey eka vistrut egyptian puratatviy sthal aahe jyat atharavya rajvanshachi rajdhani asalelya shaharache avashesh aahet. yaa shaharachi sthapana ii. sha. puu. 1346 madhye jhaali, pharoo akhenatenchya dishene bandhali gelee aanee ii. sha. puu. 1332 madhye tyachya mrutyunantar lagechach teey sodoon denyat aale. pracheen egyptian lock shaharasathi vaparat asalele naav ingerjit akhetaten kinwa akhetatan asey lipyantaran kele jaate, jyacha arth 'attenchi kshitij' assa hoto. heey thikan nail nadichya purv kinanyavar aahe, joou aaj egyptcha minya prant aahe. heey all-minya shaharachya dakshines, egyptchi rajdhani kairochya dakshines aanee laksarchya (purvichi rajdhani theebsche thikan) uttares aahe. deir mavas shahar tyachya thet paschimela aahe. amarnachya purvela anek aadhunik gave aahet, jyapaiki uttarekade ell-till aanee dakshinekade ell-haag kandil hii pramukh gave aahet. amarna kalapasoon nantarchya roman yugaparyant yaa pradeshatil kriyakalap bharbharatila aale. naav. amarna' heey naav yaa pradeshat rahana aanee kahee vasahati sthapan karananya benny amran jamativarun aale aahe. pracheen egyptian naav akhetaten hote. ingraji egyptologist surr johnn gardner wilkinson yanni 1820 chya dashakat donada amarnala bhet dilee aanee roman kalatil lekhak pliny ('dagadanvar') aanee tolemy ('bhoogol') yanchya kadhikadhi parasparvirodhi varnanannantar tyala alabastron mhanoon olakhale, jaree tyala yaa olakhibaddal khatri navhati aanee tyane paryayi sthan mhanoon come all-ahmar suchavale. akhetatenche shahar. shaharacha parisar prabhavipane eka kumari jaaga hotee aanee yach shaharache varnan akhetatenane attenche "pahilya prasangiche aasan, jeey tyane swatahsathi banavale hote jenekarun too tyat vishranti gheu shakel" asey kele. asey asoo shakate qee shahee vadiche 'kshitij' sathichya chitralipisaha samya heey shahar shodhanyache thikan asalyache darshavate. heey shahar pharoo akhenatenchi naveen rajdhani mhanoon bandhale gele, jeey tyachya naveen upasana dharmala samarpit hote. tyachya karkirdichya 5vya varshi (ii. sha. puu. 1346) kinwa tyachya aaspas bandhkam suru jhaale aanee done varshanpurvi teey rajdhani shahar banale asale taree bahudha 9vya varshi (ii. sha. puu. 1341) purn jhaale. shaharachya bandhkamala gatee denyasathi bahutansh imarati chikhalatil vitanpasoon bandhalya gelya aanee pandhya rangane dhuun takalya gelya. sarvat mahattvachya imarati sthanik dagadanni tond karoon bandhalya hotya. heey ekmev pracheen egyptian shahar aahe jeey tyachya antargat yojaneche tapasheel mothya pramanat jatan karate, kaaran akhenatencha mulga raja tutankhamun yane shahar sodoon thebs (aadhunik luxer) yetheel tyachya janmasthali paratanyacha nirnay ghetala tevha akhenatenchya mrutyunantar shahar sodoon denyat aale hote. tyachya mrutyunantar eka dashak kinwa tyahoon adhik kaal heey shahar sakriy rahilele disate aanee horemahebache mandir asey soochit karate qee tyachya rajvatichya suruvatila, jarr itaratra bandhkam sahityacha srot mhanoon taree, teey kiman anshatah vyapalele hote. ekada teey sodoon dile gele qee, nailchya kathavar roman vasahat suru hoiparyant teey nirjan rahile. tathapi, tyachi nirmiti aanee parityag karnyachya adviteey paristhitinmule, tee pratyakshat pracheen egyptian shaharanchi kitee pratinidhi aahe yabaddal prashnachinh aahe. amarana ghaighaine bandhanyat aala aanee tyane nail nadichya purv kinanyavaril andaje kshetra vyapale; paschim kinanyavar, shaharachya loksankhyesathi pike puravanyasathi jameen bajula thewali gelee. egyptchya yaa naveen rajdhani shaharachya sthapanesathi akhenatenchya atincha tapasheel denanya ekoon 14 seema stambhanni sampoorn shaharala vedhale hote. akhenatenchya naveen shaharatil sarvat pracheen tarankit stambh 'seema stambh' mhanoon olakhala jaato, joou akhenatenchya karkirdichya 13 vya divashi, 5 vya varshicha (kinwa 8 vya mahinyat) aahe. (mool 14 seema stambhanpaiki bahutansh kharabaritya nasht jhaale aahet.) yaa shaharachya akhenatenchya payabharanicha hishob tyat aahe. yethe aatenchi anek mandire ubharanyachi, amaranachya purvekadil dongaranmadhye swatahsathi, tyachi mukhya patni nefertiti aanee tyachi mothee mulgi meritaten yanchyasathi anek shahee kabare tayar karanyachi farochi ichcha, tasech too maran pavalyavar tyala daphan karnyasathi parat amarna yethe aananyachi spasht aadnya yaa dastaivajat nondavali aahe. seema stambh keey madhye amarna yethe sajya kelya jaananya ghatananche varnan kele aaheh yaa granthat pudhe mhatale aahe qee akhenatenane atten dewala eka mothee bhetvastu dilee aanee hii [prasangachi] sankalpana aahe jee stelechya lanetmadhye spasht kelee aahe jithe too tyachi ranee aanee sarvat mothee mulgi yanchyasah atenkhali arpananni bharalelya vedisamor ubha aahe, tarr tee tyachya shariravar tyachya kirananmule punarujjivit karat chamakate." sanketsthal aanee yojana. nail nadichya purv kinanyavar vasalele shaharache avashesh sadharanpane uttarekadun dakshinekade eka 'shahee rastya' varr thewale aahet, jyala aata 'sikhet ess-sultan' asey sambodhale jaate. rajgharanyachi nivassthane samanyatah uttares asatat, jyala uttar shahar mhanoon olakhale jaate, jyat kendriya prashasana aanee dharmik kshetra asate aanee shaharachya dakshines nivasi upnagarancha samavesh asato. uttar shahar. jarr konee nadimarge uttarekadun amarna shaharakade gele tarr uttarekadil seema olandun jaananya pahilya imarati mhanje uttar nadikathcha rajwada asel. hii imarat kinanyapasun kinadhyalagatparyant gelee aanee bahudha rajgharanyache mukhya nivassthan hote. uttar shahar parisarat rajvadyacha uttar bhag aahe, joou rajgharanyacha mukhya nivassthan aahe. heey aanee madhyavarti shahar yanchya darmyan, uttarekadil upnagar heey suruvatila mothya gharansah eka samruddha kshetra hote, parantu gharacha aakar qamee jhaala aanee teey rastyapasoon jitke pudhe hote titke garib jhaale. madhyavarti shahar. bahutek mahattvachya aupcharik aanee prashasakeey imarati madhyavarti shaharat hotya. yethe attenche mothe mandir aanee lahan atten mandir dharmik karyansathi vaparale jaat hote aanee hya darmyancha motha shahee rajwada aanee shahee nivassthan heey raja aanee rajgharanyache aupcharik nivassthan hote aanee teey pulane kinwa rampane jodalele hote. rajgharanyachya nivassthanachya mage faroche patravyavahar karyalay hote, jithe amarna patre sapadali hotee. heey kshetra purn jhalele bahudha pahile kshetra hote aanee bandhkam kiman done tappyat hote. dakshin upnagar. shaharachya dakshines aata 'dakshin upnagar' mhanoon sambodhale jaanare kshetra hote. tyat nakhtapaten (mukhyamantri), ranfar, panehesi (etencha pradhan pujari) aanee ramos (ghodyancha malak) yasah shaharatil anek shaktishali sardaranchya malmatta hotya. yaa bhagat shilpkar thutmoscha studio dekhil hota, jithe 1912 madhye nefertitycha prasiddha putala sapadala hota. shaharachya dakshines pudhe come all-naana haah eka aavar hota, jyala sahasa 'suryachhaya' mhanoon sambodhale jaate aanee bahudha teey surya-mandir mhanoon bandhale gele hote.aanee nantar maroo-atten, jeey eka rajwada kinwa suryamandir hote, jeey moolatah akhenatenchi ranee kiyasathi bandhale gele hote asey manale jaat hote, parantu tichya mrutyunantar tiche naav aanee pratima badaloon maritaten, tyachya muliche karnyat aale. shaharachya bahereel. shaharabhovati aanee tyachi vyapti chinhankit karnari, seema stambh (nilechya donhi bajunchya kadyanvar koralelya dagadacha pratyek aayatakruti) shaharachya sthapaneche varnan karnari mahiticha prathamik srot aahe. shaharapasun door, shaharachya purvekadil eka arund khonyat, kadyanvar lapalelya akhenatenchya shahee kabarsthanala suruvat jhaali. keval ekach thadgi purn jhaali aanee tee eka adnyat shahee patnine vaparali hotee aanee akhenatenchi thadgi tyala aanee bahudha tyachi dusari mulgi meketatenla pakadanyasathi ghaighaine vaparali gelee hotee. shahee vadichya uttar aanee dakshinela asalelya kadyanvar shaharatil sardaranni tyanchya kabari bandhalya. pracheen amarna/akhetatenmadhil jeevan. amaranachya sthapanebaddal jeey kahee dnyat aahe teey shaharachya parighavar vagat asalelya adhikrut seema stambhanchya (13 dnyat aahet) malikechya jatnamule aahe. heey nailchya donhi bajunchya kadyanvar (purvela 10, paschimela 3) kapale jaatat aanee sthapanepasun teey padnyapurvichya akhetatenchya (amarna) ghatananchi nond karatat. theebspasoon amarnakade jaanyasathi akhenatenla sainyachya pathimbyachi garaj hotee. akhenatenchya pramukh sallagaranpaiki eka asalelya aayane yaa kshetrat motha prabhav padala kaaran tyache vadil yuya heey eka mahattvache lashkari nete hote. yavyatirikt, lashkaratil pratyekjan ekatra motha jhaala hota, teey akhenatenchya vadilanchya netrutvakhali egyptchya itihasatil sarvat shrimant aanee sarvat yashasvi kalacha eka bhag hote, tyamule padanvaril nishthavantata majboot aanee atoot hotee. kadachit sarvat mahattvache mhanje, "heey eka sainya hote, jyanche mothya sankhyene sainya hote, raja mandiratil koreev kamanmadhye, pratham theebs yethe aanee nantar amarna yethe, utsav sajra karnyasathi pratyek sandhicha laabh ghet asey." dharmik jeevan. akhenatenchya sudharana samanyatah ekeshvarvadachya dishene kinwa kadachit adhik achookpane, ekatmatavadakade kendrit asalyache manale jaate, tarr puratatviy purave darshavtat qee itar devatanchahi aadar keela jaat asey, agadi etten panthachya kendrasthani-jaree adhikrutpane nahee, tarr kiman tethe rahana aanee kaam karananya lokandware taree. ... akhetaten yethech kempane nuktyach kelelya utkhananat (2008:41-46) dev, devi aanee vaiyaktik shraddhechya paramparik kshetrashi sambandhit chinhe darshavina vastunchi upasthiti disun aalee aahe. dusht aatmyanna door thevana vichitra butkya aakrutichi, tasech devi-rakshas, taveret, aanshik magri, aanshik hippopotamus, jee balachya janmashi sambandhit hotee, tyanchi anek udaharane sapadali aahet. akhetaten yetheel shahee kamgaranchya gavatahi, icis aanee shedla samarpit stelecha shodh lagla aahe (waterson 1984:158 aanee 208). amarna qalaa shaili. amarna qalaa-shaili dirghkalapasun prasthapit asalelya egyptian adhiveshanansaha tutali. purvichya egyptian kalechya kathor aadarshavadi aupchariktepeksha, tyat tyachya vishayanche adhik vastavadi chitran kele gele. yamadhye anaupacharik drushyancha samavesh hota, jase qee rajgharanyatil premache jivhalyache chitran kinwa tyanchya mulambarobar khelane aanee striyanna purushanpeksha halakya rangachya mhanoon chitrit kele jaat navhate. yaa kalet eka vastavad dekhil hota joou kadhikadhi vyangchitravar avalambun asato. etenchya pujecha nantar amarna pakhand mhanoon ullekh keela gela aanee dadapun taknyat aala, parantu yaa kalecha adhik chirsthayi varsa hota. punarnirikshan aanee utkhanan. 18vya aanee 19vya shatkatil utkhanan. 1714 madhye, nail khonyatoon pravas karananya french jesuit pujari claude sikardane shaharacha pahila pashchatya ullekh keela aanee amarnapasoonchya seema stambhache varnan kele. egyptchya bahutansh bhagapramanech, yala nepoliyanchya 'corps dii savents' neey 'id1' madhye bhet dilee hotee, jyanni amarnacha pahila tapshilvar nakasha tayar keela, joou nantar 1821 teey 1830 darmyan 'discription dii laal' aegypte 'madhye prakashit jhaala. yaa european shodhanantar 1824 madhye surr johnn gardiner wilkinson yanni shaharache avashesh shodhun kadhale aanee tyanche nakashe kadhale. copist robbert heey aanee tyacha sarvekshak jee. leverne yaa parisarala bhet dilee aanee valuchya pravahatoon dakshinekadil anek kabari ughad kelya, 1833 madhye koreev kamanchi nond kelee. gavat aanee leverne banavalelya pratee british granthalayat mothya pramanat aprakashit aahet, jithe tyanchi thikane olakhanyasathi eka prakalp suru aahe. richard lepsiuschya netrutvakhalil prussian mohimene 1843 aanee 1845 madhye yaa sthalala bhet dilee aanee rekhachitre aanee kagadachya khilkhilya vaparoon ekoon baaraa divasanchya done vegvegalya bhetit amarnachi drishyaman smarke aanee sthalakruti nondavali. parinam shevati 1849 aanee 1913 darmyan 'denkamalar aus egypton andd ethiopian' madhye prakashit karnyat aale, jyat shaharachya sudharit nakashasah. achukatemadhye kahee pramanat maryadit asoonahi, koralelya 'denkamalar' pattyanni urvarit shatkasathi khajgi kabari aanee kahee seema stambhanmadhil anek drushye aanee shilalekhanche shaikshanik dnyan aanee arth lavnyacha aadhar tayar keela. yaa suruvatichya shodhak sanghanni kelelya nondi khoop mahattvachya aahet kaaran yapaiki barech avashesh nantar nasht jhaale kinwa anyatha haravale. amarna akshare. 1887 madhye, 'sebakh' sathee khodkam karananya eka sthanik mahilechya haatee 300 hoon adhik cuniform golya (aata samanyatah amarna akshare mhanoon olakhalya jaatat) sapadalya. yaa falkanvar faroche nivadak rajnaitik patravyavahar nondavale gele aanee teey pramukhyane akkadian bhashet lihile gele, jeey asha sanvadasathi pracheen purvekadil kansyayugachya uttaradhat samanyatah vaparale jaanare 'lingwa franca' hote. yaa shodhamule yaa sthalache mahatva olakhale gele aanee tyamule shodhkamadhye aanakhi vaadh jhaali. rajachya thadgyache utkhanan. 1891 teey 1892 darmyan alessandro barsanti yanni rajachya thadgyacha shodh lavala aanee saaf kele (jaree too kadachit sthanik lokanna sumare 1880 pasoon mahit hota). tyach sumaras surr flinders petri yanni amarna yethe eka hangamasathi kaam kele aanee egyptchya sanshodhan nidhipasoon swatantrapane kaam kele. tyane pramukhyane madhya shaharat utkhanan kele, attenche mothe mandir, motha adhikrut rajwada, rajache ghar, faroche patravyavahar karyalay aanee anek khajgi gharancha tapas keela. jaree varanvar eka sandejpeksha thode jaast asale taree, petrichya utkhananat atirikt cuniform golya, anek kachechya karkhanyanche avashesh aanee rajvadyatil kachyachya dhiganchi (mycenian shareds) chhanani kartana mothya pramanat fekoon dilelya fayensa, kaach aanee siremikche avashesh aadhalale. tyache parinam aanee punarbandhani vegane prakashit karoon, petri yaa sthalachya kshamatebaddal aanakhi swarasya nirman karoo shakala. 20vya shatkatil utkhanan. copist aanee kalakar norman dii garris daviesne 1903 teey 1908 yaa kalat amarna yetheel khajgi kabare aanee seema stambhanche rekhatale aanee chhayachitran varnan prakashit kele. hii pustake 2006 madhye eae. ess. neey punha prakashit kelee. 20vya shatkachya suruvatichya varshant (1907 teey 1914) ludwig borchardchya netrutvakhalil duesh orientagecelshaft mohimene shaharachya uttar aanee dakshin upnagaranmadhye mothya pramanat utkhanan kele. nefertitycha prasiddha putala, joou aata berlinchya egyptisch sangrahalayat aahe, too shilpkar thutmosechya karyashalet itar shilpakalechya kalakrutinmadhye sapadala. august 1914 madhye pahile mahayuddha suru jhalyane german utkhanane sampushtat aalee. 1921 teey 1936 yaa kalat egyptchya anveshan sansthechya mohimene tii. chya nirdeshanusar amarna yethe utkhananasathi paratale.eae. piit, surr leonard wooley, heinry frankfort, stephen glanville aanee johnn pendalbury. merrie chabb yanni khodkam prashasak mhanoon kaam kele. navyane kelelya tapasat dharmik aanee shahee sanrachananvar laksh kendrit karnyat aale hote. 1960 chya dashakat egyptian puratan vastoo sanghatnene (aata pracheen vastunchi egyptian sarvoch parishad) amarna yethe anek utkhanan haatee ghetale. 21vya shatkatil utkhanan. sadhya barry kemp (egyptologyche emeritus pradhyapak, cambridge vidyapith, ingland) yanchya margdarshanakhali (2006 paryant, egypt exploration societychya tatvadnyanakhali aanee aata egyptchya shodh sansthes) shaharacha shodh aajahi suru aahe. 1980 madhye geophrey martin yanchya netrutvakhalil eka vegalya mohimene shahee thadgyatil koreev kamanche varnan aanee nakkal kelee, nantar tyache nishkarsh thadgyatoon aalelya vastoonsah prakashit kele. eae. eae. ess. neey heey kaam 2 khandanmadhye prakashit kele hote. 2005 teey 2013 yaa kalat amarna prakalpache utkhanan, kulinanchya dakshinekadil kabarinjavalil khajgi vyaktinchya smashanbhumit karnyat aale. prasarmadhyamandhye. kalpanik. "prasiddha elizabeth peaters yanni lihileli 'daad painted queen'.keey.2013 madhye lekhakachya nidhananantar amelia peabody kadambaricha barbara mertz haah sarvat alikadil bhag aahe. elizabeth peaters hii eka shaley prashikshit puratatvashastradnya hotee, parantu tichya purush sahakanyanni teela patvoon dile qee eka stree puratatvashastradnya nasavi, mhanoon tine tyaa strivirodhi egyptologistover aadharit patre tayar kelee..."remot sensingmadhye tadnya asalelya mahila puratatvashastradnya saara parkak yanni sangitalyapramane. yaa sahsamadhye eka mahila puratatvashastradnya amelia peabody aanee nefertitychya haravalelya murtiche rahasy aahe. 1912 saalee, amarna yetheel pratyaksh utkhananantar anek varshanni, jevha egyptmadhil utkhanane keval european, sthanik bhadekaru kinwa lutare asatat, tevha rangavaleli ranee ghadate. serve changlya goodh kadambyanpramanech, tyat vinod, valane aanee valane aanee sodavalelya prakaranacha andaj lavta yenyajoga shevat asato. "michel moranche 'nefertity' heey eka aitihasik kalpanik pustak aahe jeey vachkala ranee nefertity aanee tichi dhakati baheen mutnodjemet yanchya drushtikonatun margadarshan karate. hii katha theebsmadhil tichya kalapasoon amaranaparyant aanee akhenatenchya mrutyunantarchya kalaresheche anusaran karate. nefertiti hii akhenatenchya darbaratil kinwa harammadhil pramukh patni hotee. jaree tee navane prasiddha asali, taree anek aitihasik mahila aadarshanpramane, tichya kathekade anekada purush shasakanni durlaksh kele aahe. michel moran ranee aanee tichya bahinichi tichi katha rajkiy rahasye, nirdoshpana gamavane aanee pitrusattak samajatil stree shaktisah web karate. kalpanik nahee. "barry kempchya 'akhenaten aanee nefertitiche shaharah amarna aanee tyache lock' madhye amarnachya sankalpanepasun teey shaharacha tyag karnyaparyant serve goshtinvar charcha kelee aahe. yaa pustakat qalaa, vastukala aanee shahar jase hote (punarbandhani kelele) tasech aatache aahe, tase dakhvinaya pratima aahet. pracheen jagala aakar denanya shaharanni' yaa pustakat kempane lihilela eka chhotasa adhyayahi tyat aahe. masike. gelya kahee varshant 'rashtriy bhaugolik' aanee puratatviy lekhanni amarna, akhenaten, tutankhamun kinwa nefertitivar lekh prakashit kele aahet. bahutek lekh paperback kinwa rashtriy bhaugolik sanketsthal yaa donhi thikani aadhalu shakatat (sadhya sarvat alikadil lekh janewari 2021 madhye prakashit jhaala hota). aupera. "phillip glasschya 'akhnaten', kayada 2, drushya 3 ('shahar') madhye akhenatenkadun akhetaten bandhanyachya aadeshache varnan kele aahe. ingraji olinmadhye, tyala satatyane 'kshitijache shahar' mhanoon sambodhale jaate.

amarna amarna (;) heuchhi eka byapaka egypt pratnatatwika sthala jeunthire astadasha rajabanshara shesh bhagare rajdhani saharar abasistangsha rahichhi. ehi sahara khreestapoorba 1346ray sthapita hoithila, jaahaa farao akhenatenanka nirdeshare nirmita hoithila, ebong khreestapoorba 1332ray taanka mrutyura kichhi samai parey parityakta hoijaithila. pracheen egyptbaseemane ehi sahara paain jeun naama byabahara karuthile, taahaaku ingrajire akhetaten kimba akhetatan bhabe lipyantarana karajaithae, jahara artha heuchhi "attenra diga". ehi sthanati nile nadira purba koolare abasthita, jaahaa aaji misherer minya pradeshare achhi . ehaa all-minah saharar praiah dakhinare, egypt rajdhani kyro rahr dakhinare ebong luxer uttarare (purba rajdhani thibus rahr sthana) . deira mawas sahara ehara sidhasalakha paschimare abasthita. amarnara purba parsware aneka adhunika gramm achhi, jahara mukhya uttarare ell-till ebong dakhinare ell-hugg kandil . ehi anchalare karjyakalapa amarna kalaru parabarti roman juga parjyanta bikashita hoithila . naama. amarna" namati beni amran janajatiru aasichhi, jeunmane ehi anchalare baasa karuthile ebong keteka basati sthapana karithile. pracheen egyptiah naama thila akhetaten. ingreja egyptologist saar zohn gardner wilkinson 1820 dashakare duithara amarna gasta karithile ebong roman jugara lekhaka pliny ("pathara upare") ebong tolemy ("bhugol") nka belebele paraspara birodhi barnana parey ehaaku alabastron bhabare chinhat karithile, jadio shay chinhat bishajare nischita nathile ebong eka bikalpa sthana bhabare come ell-ahamarnku paramarsha deithile . akhetaten sahara. saharar anchala phalaswaroopa eka kumari sthana thila, ebong ehi saharaku akhetatan aatenanka "pratham prasangara aasana, jaahaa shay niz paain tiari karithile, jepari shay ethire bishram neiparibe" bolly barnana karithile. ehaa hoipare je "digadarshan" paain hyroglyphe sahita rajkiah wadira samanata darshaithila je ehaa sahara khojiba sthana thila . ehi saharati farao akhenatenanka nutan rajdhani bhabare nirmita hoithila, jaahaa aatenanku tankara nutan pooja dharmaku utsarga karajaithila . taanka shasanakalara 5 barsha (khreestapoorba 1346) kimba taa 'pakhapakhi nirmana karjya arambha hoithila ebong sambhabatah 9 barsha (khreestapoorba 1341) suddha sampurna hoithila, jadio dui barsha purbe ehaa rajdhani sahara hoithila. saharar nirmanaku twaranwita kariba paain adhikansha attalika kadua itiru nirmana karajaithila ebong dhalaa dhoiba hoithila . sabutharu gurutwapurna attalika gudika sthaniah pathara sahita sammukheen hoithila . ehaa heuchhi ekamatra pracheen egyptiah sahara jaahaa ehara aabhyantareen yojanara bistruta bibaraneeku sanrakhita kare, kaaran aakhenatenanka mrutyu parey sahara parityakta hoijaithila, jetebele aakhenatenanka pua, raja tutankhamun, sahara chhadi thebs (adhunika bilasa) ray thiba taanka janmasthanaku pheribaku nishpatti neithile. taanka mrutyu parey eka dashandhi kimba taa 'thaaru adhika samai dhari ehi sahara sakriya rahithiba pari manehue, ebong horemahebnka eka mandira suchita kare je ehaa taanka shasanakalara prarambhare ati kamare aanshika bhabare adhikruta thila, jadi anyatra nirmana samagrira utsa bhabare . thare ehaaku parityaga karajiba parey, nile nadee koolare roman basati sthapana arambha heba parjyanta ehaa janbasatihin rahithila. tebe, ehara srusti ebong parityagara ananya paristhiti hetu, ehaa prakrutare pracheen egyptiah sahargudikar pratinidhitwa kare, ehaa prashnabidha. amarnaku tarabaria bhabe nirmana karajaithila ebong nile nadira purba koolare pakhapakhi eka anchalaku aachadita karajaithila; paschima koolare, saharar janasankhya paain fasal jogaiba paain jami alga rakhajaithila. samagra saharati mote 14tii seema stambhare paribestita thila, jeunthire misherer ehi nutan rajdhani sahara pratistha paain akhenatenanka sarttabalira bistruta bibaranee thila. aakhenatennka nutan saharar sarbapracheena tarikh bisista stell "boundry stell kee" bhabare janashuna jaahaa aakhenatennka shasanakalara barsha 5, chaturtha peret (kimba maasa 8), deane 13 tarikh atte . (moola 14tii seema stambha madhyaru adhikansha kharap bhabe khyaja hoijaichhi.) ehaa aakhenatenanka ehi saharar muladua bishajare eka bibaranee sanrakhita kare . ehi dastabijare ullekha rahichhi je ethaare attenra aneka mandira nirmana karajibara, nijara, taanka mukhya patni nephartiti ebong taanka budd jhia meritatenanka paain amarnar purba pahadare aneka rajkiah samadhi nirmana karajibara, ebong tankara spust adesh je shay mrutyubarana kariba parey tanku samadhi deba paain amaranaku ferai anajiba. seema stela kee amarnare palana karajauthiba ghatnagudikara eka barnana upasthapana kareh ehi pathare ahuri kuhajaichhi je akhenaten bhagaban atenanku eka mahan naibedya pradan karithile "ebong ehaa heuchhi [ehi absar] bishajabastu jaahaa stellar lunet ray chitrita hoichhi jeunthare shay taanka raanee ebong budd jhia sahita atten tale naibedya sahita eka jagyabedi sammukhare thia hoichhanti, jetebele ehaa taanka upare ujjwala heuchhi ebong ehara kirana dwara taanka shareeraku punarjeebita karuchhi ." website ebong yojana. nile nadira purba koolare abasthita, saharar bhagnabaseshagudika eka "rajkiah rasta" sahita praiah uttararu dakhinaku rakhajaichhi, jaahaaku bartamana "sikhet ess-sultan" bolly kuhajae . rajkiah aabasagudika sadharanatah uttarare, jaahaa uttara sahara bhabare janashuna, eka kendriah prashasana ebong dharmika anchala sahita ebong saharar dakhina abasic upakanthaku nei gathita . uttara sahara. jadi jane nadee dwara uttara digaru amarna sahara nikataku jaae, tebe uttara seema prachira atikrama karithiba pratham attalika uttara nadee koolare thiba prasad heba. ehi attalika jalapranta parjyanta chalithila ebong sambhabatah raaj paribarara mukhya basasthana thila . uttara sahara anchala madhyare abasthita uttara prasad, raaj paribarara mukhya basasthana . ehi ebong kendriah sahara madhyare, uttara upakanthati prathame eka samruddha anchala thila jeunthire budd ghara thila, kintu gharara aakaar hrass paithila ebong rastatharu ahuri gariba hoigala . kendriah sahara. adhikansha gurutwapurna aanusthanika ebong prashasanika attalika kendriah saharare abasthita thila . ethaare attenra bishala mandira ebong khudra atten mandira dharmika karjya paain byabahruta heuthila ebong egudika madhyare mahan rajprasad ebong rajkiah basabhabana raja ebong raaj paribarara aanusthanika abas thila, ebong eka setu kimba ramp dwara sanjukta thila . rajkiah basabhabana pachare pharaonka chithipatra byurora abasthana thila, jeunthare amarna patragudika milithila. ehi anchala sambhabatah sampurna hoithiba pratham khetra thila, ebong ati kamare duiti parjyaja nirmana karajaithila . dakhina upakanth. saharar dakhinare thiba anchalati bartamana "dakhina upakanth" bhabare janashuna . ethire saharar aneka shaktishali sambhranta byaktimanankara sampatti rahithila, jeunthire nakhatpaten (mukhyamantri), ranefer, panehesi (attenra pradhan purohita), ebong ramos (ghodara guru) antarbhukta thile. ehi anchalare shilpi thutmosra studio madhya thila, jeunthare 1912 ray nephartitira prasidha pratimurti milithila . saharar dakhinare come ell-naanaa thila, eka ghera, jaahaaku sadharanatah "surya-chhaja" bolly kuhajae, ebong sambhabatah eka surya-mandira bhabare nirmita hoithila .ebong taa 'parey maaru-aten, jaahaa eka prasad kimba surya-mandira thila, jaahaa prathame akhenatenka raanee kianka paain nirmita bolly bibechana karajauthila, kintu taanka mrutyu parey taanka naama ebong pratimurti badalai maritaten, taanka jhiara karajaithila . sahara upakanth. saharar charipakhare ebong ehara bistaraku chinhita curry, saharar pratistha bishajare barnana karuthiba seema stella (nailra ubhaja parsware thiba pathara upare khodita pathara eka aajatakhetra) ehaa bishajare suchanara eka prathamika utsa . saharatharu doorare, saharar purbare thiba eka sankirna upatyakare, pahadare luchai rakhajaithiba aakhenatenanka rajkiah kabarasthana arambha hoithila. kebala gotie samadhi sampurna hoithila, ebong jane agyata rajkiah patneenka dwara byabahruta hoithila, ebong aakhenatennka samadhi tanku dhari rakhiba paain tarabaria bhabare byabahruta hoithila ebong sambhabatah tankara dwiteeja jhia mcetaten . rajkiah wadira uttara ebong dakhinare thiba pahadare, saharar sambhrantamane semanankara samadhi nirmana karithile. pracheen amarna/akhetaten ray zeeban. amarnanka pratistha bishajare jaahaa janaachhi, taa 'rahr adhikansha heuchhi saharar paridhi madhyare ghoori buluthiba sarkari seema stellar (13 john janashuna) shrunkhalara sanrakhyana. egudiku nile nadira ubhaja parsware thiba pahadare kaati diajae (purbare 10, paschimare 3) ebong sthapana thaaru arambha curry ehara patana purbaru akhetaten (amarna) rahr ghatanagudiku lipibadha kare . thibsaru amarnaku jiba paain, akhenatenanku senara samarthan aabasyaka thila. aaje, akhenatenanka pramukh paramarshadatanka madhyaru jane, ehi khetrare bahuta prabhaba bistara karithile kaaran taanka pita juja jane gurutwapurna samarika neta thile. ehaa byatita, senare samaste ekathi badhithile, semane aakhanatenanka pitanka adheenare egypt itihasara sabutharu dhani ebong saphala samaira eka ansha thile, tenu padabee madhyare aanugatya shaktishali ebong atuta thila . bodhahue sabutharu gurutwapurna kathaa heuchhi, "ehaa eka sena thila jahara bishala pahya raja prathame thibs ebong parey amarnare mandirar reliffere palana karibaku pratyeka sujoga neithile." dharmika zeeban. jadio akhenatenra sanskara sadharanatah eka prakarara ekeshwarabada, kimba bodhahue adhika sathik bhabare, ekalotrabada prati unmukh bolly biswasa karajae, pratnatatwika pramana darshae je anya debatamane madhya atten sampradaajara kendrare sammanita hoithile-jadi aanusthanika bhabare nuhen, tebe ati kamare sethare rahuthiba ebong karjya karuthiba lokanka dwara . ...... akhetaten thaare, kemp (2008:41-46) dwara nikatare karajaithiba khananare epari bastugudikara upasthiti darshajaichhi jaahaa byaktigata biswasara paramparika khetra sahita jadita debata, debi ebong prateekaku chitrita kare . dusta aatmamananku rakhya karuthiba adbhuta bammon byaktitwa, tatha debi-rakhyas, towerate, aanshika kumbhir, aanshika hippopotams, jieki prasaba sahita jadita thile, tankara aneka udaharana milichi. aakhetatensthita rajkiah shramikanka graamare madhya isi ebong shade prati utsargeekruta stella aabiskruta hoichhi (waterson 1984:158 ebong 208). amarna kalaa sailee. amarna kalaa sailee dirgha-pratisthita egyptiah sammilani sahita bhangigala . purba misheriah kalaara kathore aadarshabadee aanusthanikata thaaru bhinna, ehaa ehara bishajagudiku adhika bastababadi bhabare chitrana karithila . ethire anaupacharika drushya antarbhukta thila, jepariki rajaparibara madhyare snehar antaranga chitrana kimba semananka pilamananka sahita kheliba, ebong mahilamananku purushanka apekhya haluka rangara bhabare chitrita karajai nathila . ehi kalaara eka bastababad madhya thila jaahaa belebele byangachitra upare seema bandhithae . parey atten pooja amarna baidharmya bhabare ullekha karajaithila ebong daman karajaithila, ehi kalaara eka adhika sthajee uttaradhikara thila . punah abishkara ebong khanan. 18shaa ebong 19shaa shatabdir khanan karjya. 1714 masihare, jane farasi jesuit purohita, klauda sicard, jieki nile upatyaka dei jatra karuthile, ehi saharar pratham paschatya ullekha karithile ebong amaranaru seema stella bishajare barnana karithile. egypt bhali, ehaa madhya napolijanka 'corps dii savants' nka dwara 1798-1799 ray paridarshan karajaithila, jie amarnara pratham bistruta manachitra prastuta karithile, jaahaa parabarti samajare 1821 ru 1830 madhyare 'discription dii ell' agypte 'ray prakashita hoithila. ehi europeah anusandhana parey 1824 ray saar zohn gardiner wilkinson saharar abasistangsha anusandhana ebong mapp karithile. coppist robert hey ebong taanka sarbekhyanakaree jii. lebhar ehi anchalaku paridarshan karithile ebong baliru baharithiba aneka dakhina samadhi abishkara karithile, 1833 masihare khodita chitragudiku record karithile. khada ebong lebhar dwara prastuta nakalgudika british laibrereere aprakashita rahithila, jeunthare segudikara abasthana chinhat kariba paain eka prakalpa jaari rahichhi. richard lepasijasnka netrutware prusian abhijana 1843 ebong 1845 ray ehi sthana paridarshan karithila, ebong ankana ebong kagaja squiz byabahara curry mote baara deane madhyare duiti pruthaka paridarshanare amarnara drushyamana smaraki ebong bhugol record karithila . phalaphal sheshare 1849 ebong 1913 madhyare "denkmaller aas egyptain und ethiopian" ray prakashita hoithila, jeunthire saharar eka unnat manachitra antarbhukta . sathikatare kichhi matrare seemita heba satwe, khodita "denkmaller" plategudic panditya gyaana ebong byaktigata samadhi ebong abasista shatabdi paain kichhi seema stelere thiba aneka drushya ebong shilalekhagudikara byakhya paain aadhara gathan karithila . ehi prarambhika anusandhanakari dalagudika dwara prastuta recordgudika atyanta gurutwapurna kaaran ehi abasistangshagudika madhyaru aneka parey nust hoijaithila kimba anyatha hajijaithila . amarna akhyara. 1887 masihare, jane sthaniah mahila "sebakh" paain khanan curry 300ru adhika cuniform phalaka (bartamana sadharanatah amarna akhyara bhabare janashuna) rahr eka cashe abishkara karithile. ehi phalakagudika pharaonka chajnit kootanaitika chithipatraku lipibadha karithila ebong mukhyatah akadianare lekhajaithila, jaahaa sadharanatah pracheen nikata purbara bronz jugara shesh bhagare ehipari jogajoga paain byabahruta "linguaa phranka" . ehi abishkara phalare ehi sthanara gurutwaku swekruti milithila ebong anweshanare ahuri brudhi ghatithila. rajanka samadhira khanan. 1891 ru 1892 masiha madhyare alessandro barsanti rajanka samadhi abishkara karithile ebong sapha karithile (jadio ehaa sambhabatah sthaniah janasadharananka paain praiah 1880 masiharu janathila). praiah sehi samajare saar flinders petri amarnare gotie rutu paain kaama karithile, egypt anusandhana panthiru swadheena bhabare karjya karithile. shay mukhyatah kendriah saharare khanan karithile, attenra mahan mandira, mahan sarkari prasad, rajanka ghara, pharaonka chithipatra karjyalaja ebong aneka gharoi ghara anusandhana karithile. jadio aneka samajare eka sondez thaaru kichhi adhika parimana, petrinka khananaru atirikta cuniform phalaka, aneka catch karakhanara abasistangsha ebong rajaprasadara abarjana stupa (mycenian shared sameth) chhanibare prachur parimanara parityakta fayance, glass ebong syramic prakash paithila . taanka phalaphal ebong punahnirmanaku druta gatire prakash curry, petri citer sambhabana prati adhika aagrahaku utsahita karibare sakhyama hoithile. binsha shatabdir khanan. coppist ebong kalakara narman dii garis devis 1903 ru 1908 parjyanta amarnaru gharoi samadhi ebong boundry stellar ankita ebong photographic barnana prakash karithile. ehi pustakagudika 2006 ray ee. ess dwara punah prakashita hoithila . binsha shatabdir prarambhika barshagudikare (1907 ru 1914) ludwig borchardanka netrutware duche orientgeselshaft abhijana saharar uttara ebong dakhina upakanthare byapaka khanan karajaithila. nephartitira prasidha pratimurti, bartamana berliner egyptisch sangrahalajare, shilpi thutmosra karmasalare anyanya bhaskarjya kalakruti madhyare aabiskruta hoithila . 1914 masiha august maasare pratham biswajudha arambha heba parey german khanan karjya shesh hoithila. 1921 ru 1936 parjyanta eka egypt exploration society abhijana tii nka nirdeshare amarnare khananku pherithila .ee. pitt, saar leonard ulli, henry frankfort, stephen glanville ebong zohn pendleberry. merry chub khanan prashasaka bhabare karjya karithile. nutan tadanta dharmika ebong rajkiah sanrachana upare dhyana kendrit karithila . 1960 dashakare egyptiah pratnatatwa sangathana (bartamana egyptiah sarbocha pratnatatwa parishad) amarnare aneka khanan karjya haataku neithila. ekabingsha shatabdir khanan. bartamana parjyanta, byari kemp (egyptology emerits professor, cambridge biswabidyalaja, englanda) nka nirdeshare (2006 parjyanta, egypt exploration societyra tatwabadhanare ebong bartamana sahita) saharar anusandhana jaari rahichhi. 1980 masihare jiophre martinanka netrutware eka pruthaka abhijana rajkiah samadhiru nirmita chitrara barnana ebong nakal karithila, parey ehara sandhanaku samadhiru asithiba bastu sahita prakash karithila. ehi karjyati ee. ee. ess. dwara 2 khandare prakashita hoithila. 2005 ru 2013 parjyanta, amarna prakalpati samvrantamananka dakhina samadhi nikatare thiba eka gharoi byaktinka kabarasthanare khanan karajaithila. ganamadhyamare. kalpanika. "prasidha elizabeth pitarsnka dwara likhita "daa pented quin".kee.2013 ray lekhakanka dehant parey amelia pibadi upanyasara eka barbara mortz heuchhi sabutharu sampratika kisti. elizabeth peters jane bidyalaja talimprapta pratnatatwabit thile, kintu taanka purush sahakarmeenka dwara raaji hoithile je jane mahila pratnatatwabit hebe naahin, tenu shay sehi mahila bidwana egyptologistnka upare aadharita charitra srusti karithile ....."jepari jane mahila pratnatatwabit saaraa parcac kahichanti, jieki remot sensingre bisheshagya. ehi duhsahasika abhijanare jane mahila pratnatatwabit amelia pibadi ebong nikhoja neftitira bustra rahasya dekhibaku milichi. 1912 masihare, amarnathare prakruta khanan karjyara aneka barsha parey, jetebele egyptare khanan karjya kebala europeah, sthaniah bhada kimba lutakareemananka dwara hoithae, ehi rangina ranira ghatana ghatithila. samasta bhal rahasyamai upenyas pari, ethire hasyarasa, mode ebong mode achhi, ebong eka samadhan hoithiba mamlar eka purbanumanajogya samapti . "mishel morannka "nephartiti" eka aitihasika kalpanika rachna jaahaa raanee nephartiti ebong taanka saana bhaunee mutnodjemetra drustikonaru pathakanku margadarshan kare . ehi kahaniti thibsare taanka samajaru amarana ebong akhenatenanka mrutyu parey samajarekhaku anusarana kare . nephartiti aakhenatennka darbar kimba haramare mukhya patni thile. jadio shay aneka aitihasika mahila roll model bhabare naama dwara janashuna, taanka kahaniku purush shasakamananka paain prajatah anadekha karajae . mishel moran taanka raanee ebong taanka bhauneenka kahaniku rajanaitika rahasya, nirdoshata haraiba ebong pitrupurusha samajare mahila shakti sahita web karanti . anah-kalpanika. "akhanaten ebong nephartiti saharah amarna ebong ehara lokamane' byari kemp dwara, amarna dharana thaaru arambha curry saharar parityaga parjyanta sabukichhi alochana kare . pustaka bhitare chitragudika achhi jaahaa kalaa, sthapatya ebong saharaku pradarshita kare jaahaa purbaru (punahnirmana) ebong bartamana . pracheen biswaku roop deithiba sahara" pustakare kempanka dwara likhita eka chhot adhyaja madhya ethire rahichhi. patrika. bigata barshagudikare "jatiah bhougolika" ebong pratnatatwika nibandhagudika amarna, akhenatena, tutankhamun kimba nephartiti upare nibandha prakash karichanti. adhikansha lekha ubhaja paperback kimba jatiah bhougolika webasaitare milipariba (bartamana sabutharu sadya lekha januari 2021 ray prakashita hoithila). apera. "phillip catch dwara rachita "akhnatena", adhiniam 2, drushya 3 ("sahara") akhetatena nirmana paain aakhenatenaru aadeshaku barnana kare . ingraji bhasare, ehaaku kramagata bhabe "digadarshanara sahara" bolly kuhajae.

amarna amarna (;) ikk viaapak misari puratattav sathaan haii jiss witch atharven rajvansh dey akheer witch rajdhani shehar dey avshesh hunn. iss shehar dee sathapana 1346 ee. poo. witch keeti gaee see, joe kii firoon akhenaten dee disha witch banaiaa giaa see, atey 1332 ee. poo. witch uss dee maut toon turant baad chhadd ditta giaa see. prachin misari lock shehar laee joe naam varatade sunn, uss noon angrezi witch akhetatan jaan akhetatan dey roop witch lipyantrit keeta jaanda haii, jisda arth haii "etton daa kiutij". ih sathaan neel nadee dey purbi kandhe utte haii, jiss witch ajj minniaa daa misari prant haii. ih all-minia shehar dey dakkhan witch, misser dee rajdhani carro dey dakkhan witch atey laksar (pichli rajdhani theebs dee jagha) dey uttar witch haii. deir mawas shehar siddha iss dey pachham witch sathit haii. amarna dey purab vaale paase kaee aadhunik pind hunn, jinhan dey mukhi uttar witch ail-till atey dakkhan witch all-haag kandil hunn. iss khetar witch gatividhiaan amarna qaal toon baad dey roman yugg takk prafullat hoiaan. naam. amarna naam benny amran kabile toon aaiaa haii joe iss khetar witch rahinde sunn atey unhan neey kujh bastiaan sathapat keetiaan sunn. prachin misari naam akhetaten see. angrezi misser vigiaani sarr jauhan gardner wilkinson neey 1820 dey dahake witch doou vaar amarna daa daura keeta atey roman yugg dey lekhakan pliny ("pathran utte") atey tolemy ("bhugol") dey kaee vaar virodhabhasi varnanan toon baad iss dee pachanh alabastrone vajon keeti, halanki uh pachanh baare pakka naheen see atey usne ikk badalven sathaan vajon come all-ahmer daa sujhaa ditta. akhetaten daa shehar. shehar daa khetar prabhavshali dhang naal ikk kuaari jagha see, atey ih uh shehar see jiss noon akhetaten neey "pahile mauke dee seet, jiss noon usne aapne laee banaiaa see taan joe uh iss witch aaram qarr sake" vajon darsaiaa see. ih hoow sakda haii kii shaahi vaadi dee "kiutij" laee hyroglyphe naal samanta neey dikhaiaa kii ih shehar labbhan dee jagha see. ih shehar firoon akhenaten dee naveen rajdhani vajon banaiaa giaa see, joe kii uss dey pooja dey navein dharam noon samarpit see. iss dee usari uss dey shasan dey 5 saal (1346 ee. poo.) witch jaan iss dey aas paas shuru hoee see atey shayed 9 saal (1341 ee. poo.) takk puurii hoow gaee see, halanki ih doou saal pahilan rajdhani shehar bann giaa see. shehar dey nirman witch tezi liaun laee ziaadaatar imaratan mitty deeaan ittaan toon banaiaan gaeeaan sunn atey chittiaan dhotiaan gaeeaan sunn. sabh toon mahattavpuran imaratan daa sahmana sathanak patthar naal keeta giaa see. ih iklauta prachin misari shehar haii joe aapni andruni yojna dey bahut saare verviaan noon surakhiat rakkhda haii, vadde hisse witch kiunki shehar noon akhenatan dee maut toon baad chhadd ditta giaa see, jadon akhenatan dey puttar, raaja tutankhamun neey shehar chaddan atey theebs (aadhunik lagzari) witch aapne janam sathaan teey waps jaanh daa faisla keeta see. ajiha lagda haii kii ih shehar uss dee maut toon baad ikk dahake jaan iss toon vaddh samein takk sargaram riha haii, atey horemheb daa ikk mandar sanket dinda haii kii ih ghatto ghatt uss dey shasan dee shuruat witch anshak taur 'teey kabza qarr liaa giaa see, jey siraf horr kitey nirman samaggari dey sarot vajon. ikk vaar jadon iss noon chhadd ditta giaa, taan ih udon takk nirjan riha jadon takk roman basti nile dey kinare naal shuru naheen hoee. halanki, iss dee sirjana atey tiaag dey vilakkhan halatan dey caarn, ih shakki haii kii ih asal witch prachin misari shahiran daa kinna pratinidh haii. amarna daa jaldbazi witch nirman keeta giaa see atey iss neey neel nadee dey purbi kandhe utte lagbhag ikk khetar noon cover keeta see; pachmi kandhe utte, shehar dee aabadi laee faslan muhaiya karvaun laee zameen noon alagg rakkhiaa giaa see. misser dee iss naveen rajdhani dee sathapana laee akhenaten deeaan sathitiaan daa verva dinde hoye samuccha shehar kull 14 sarhaddan naal ghiriaa hoiaa see. akhenatan dey navein shehar toon sabh toon purane mitee vaale stelle noon "seema stelle keey" vajon janhiaa jaanda haii joe kii akhenatan dey shasan dey saal 5, IV parette (jaan maheena 8), dinn 13 daa haii. (mool 14 seema stelle vicchon ziaadaatar buri tarahan khatam hoow gaye hunn.) ih iss shehar dee akhenaten dee neenh daa verva surakhiat rakkhda haii. dastavez witch firoon dee ichha daraj haii kii ithe etton dey kaee mandar banaae jaanh, amarna deeaan purbi pahadiaan witch uss laee, uss dee mukkh patni nefertity atey uss dee sabh toon vaddi dhee maritaton laee kaee shaahi kabran banaiaan jaanh atey naal hii uss daa spasht hukam haii kii jadon uh marr javega, taan uss noon dafnaun laee waps amarna lianda javega. seema stella keey uhanan ghatnavan daa verva pesh karda haii joe amarna vikhe manaae jaa rahey sanauu ih paath firr dassda haii kii akhenaten neey bhagwan atten noon ikk mahaan bhett ditti see atey ih [mauke daa] visha haii joe stelle dey chandrama witch darsaiaa giaa haii jitthe uh aapni raanee atey sabh toon vaddi dhee naal atten dey hethan bhetan naal bharee ikk jagvedi dey sahmane khadah haii, jadon kii ih uss utte chamkada haii joe uss dey sareer noon aapniaan kirnan naal mudd jiunda karda haii." site atey yojna. neel nadee dey purbi kandhe utte sathit, shehar dey khandar lagbhag uttar toon dakkhan witch ikk "shaahi sadak" dey naal rakkhe gaye hunn, jiss noon hunn "sikhet aiss-sultan" kiha jaanda haii. shaahi rihaishan aam taur utte uttar vall hundiaan hunn, jiss noon uttri shehar vajon janhiaa jaanda haii, ikk kendri parshasana atey dharmik khetar dey naal atey shehar dey dakkhan witch rihaishi upnagaran daa baniaa hoiaa haii. uttri shehar. jacker koee uttar toon nadee raahin amarna shehar takk pahunchada haii taan uttri sarhadd dey patthar toon paar pahiliaan imaratan uttri nadee dey kinare daa mahil hovegi. ih imaarat samundari kandhe takk challdi see atey sambhav haii kii shaahi parivaar daa mukkh nivas see. uttri shehar dey khetar witch sathit uttri mahil, shaahi parivaar daa mukkh nivas sathaan haii. iss atey kendri shehar dey vichkaar, uttri upnagar shuru witch vadde gharan dey naal ikk khushhal khetar see, parr gharan daa aakaar ghatda giaa atey uh sadak toon horr garib hoow giaa. kendri shehar. ziaadaatar mahattavpuran rasmi atey parshaski imaratan kendri shehar witch sathit sunn. itthe atten daa mahaan mandar atey chhota atten mandar dharmik samagman laee vartiaa jaanda see atey inhan dey vichkaar mahaan shaahi mahil atey shaahi nivas raaja atey shaahi parivaar daa rasmi nivas see, atey ikk pull jaan ramp naal jude hoye sunn. shaahi rihaish dey pichhe firoon daa pattar vihaar daftar see, jitthe amarna pattar mille sunn. ih khetar shayed poora honn vaala pahila khetar see, atey iss dey nirman dey ghatto ghatt doou padaa sunn. dakkhni upnagar. shehar dey dakkhan witch uh khetar see jiss noon hunn "dakkhni upnagar" kiha jaanda haii. iss witch shehar dey bahut saare shaktishali amiran deeaan jaidadan sunn, jinhan witch takhatpaten (mukkh mantri), ranfar, painehisi (etten daa pardhan pujari) atey ramos (ghodiaan daa maalak) shamal sunn. iss khetar witch murtikar thutmos daa studio vee see, jitthe 1912 witch nefertity dee prasidh murti millie see. shehar dey dakkhan witch horr come all-naana see, ikk ghera, jiss noon aam taur utte "suraj-chhaan" kiha jaanda haii, atey shayed ikk suraj-mandar vajon banaiaa giaa see.atey firr maaroo-atten, joe kii ikk mahil jaan suraj-mandar see, asal witch aakhenten dee raanee keeaa laee banaiaa giaa see, parr uss dee maut toon baad uss daa naam atey chittar badal keey uss dee dhee maritten qarr ditte gaye. shehar dey baharle ilaake. shehar dey aale-duaale atey iss dee hadd noon darsaunde hoye, shehar dee sathapana daa varnan curran vaali seema stelle (nile dey doven pasiaan deeaan chattanan utte ukkari hoee chattan daa ikk aaitakar) iss baare jankari daa ikk muddhala sarot haii. shehar toon door akhenaten daa shaahi kabarstan shehar dey purab witch ikk tang ghaati witch shuru keeta giaa see, joe chattanan witch lukiaa hoiaa see. siraf ikk kabar puurii hoee see, atey ikk anjaan shaahi patni duaara varti gaee see, atey akhenaten dee kabar noon jaldbazi witch uss noon fadd keey rakkhiaa giaa see atey sambhav taur 'teey uss dee duji dhee meketaten. shaahi vaadi dey uttar atey dakkhan witch chattanan witch, shehar dey amiran neey aapniaan kabran daa nirman keeta. prachin amarna/akhetaten witch jeevan. amarna dee sathapana baare joe kujh vee janhiaa jaanda haii, uh shehar dey ghere noon gheran vaali adhikarat seema stelle (13 jaane jaande hunn) dee ikk luddy dee sambhal caarn haii. ihanan noon nile dey doven pasiaan (purab witch 10, pachham witch 3) deeaan chattanan witch kattiaa jaanda haii atey akhetaten (amarna) dee sathapana toon lae keey iss dey dhiggan toon theek pahilan takk deeaan ghatnavan noon daraj keeta jaanda haii. theebs toon amarna vall jaanh laee, akhenaten noon fauj dey samarthan dee zaroorat see. akhenaten dey pramukh salahkaran vicchon ikk, ayya neey iss khetar witch bahut prabhav paaiaa kiunki uss dey pitaa yuya ikk mahattavpuran fauji neta sunn. iss toon ilava, fauj witch harr koee ikkathe vadda hoiaa see, uh akhenatan dey pitaa dey adheen misser dey itihaas witch sabh toon ameer atey sabh toon safal daur daa hissa rahey sunn, iss laee rainkan witch vafadari mazboot atey attutt see. shayed sabh toon mahattavpuran gall ih see kii "ih ikk ajihi saina see jiss dey vadde paddhar utte raaja neey mandar deeaan murtiaan witch jashan manaun daa harr mauka liaa, pahilan theebs atey baad witch amarna witch." dharmik jeevan. halanki akhenaten dey sudharan noon aam taur 'teey ikk kisam dey ikkdevvaad, jaan shayed vadhere sahee, ikk-devtavad vall kendrit manniaa jaanda haii, puratattav saboot darsaunde hunn kii horr devtiaan noon vee satikar ditta jaanda see, ithon takk kii etton panth dey kendra witch-jey adhikarat taur' teey naheen, taan ghatto ghatt unhan lokan duaara joe utthe rahinde sunn atey kamm karde sunn. ... aapne aap witch akhetaten witch, camp duaara haal hii witch keeti gaee khudai (2008:41-46) neey uhanan vastuaan dee maujudgi dikhai haii joe devtiaan, deviaan atey pratikan noon darsaundiyan hunn joe nijji vishwas dey ravaiti khetar naal sabandhat hunn. bhaidiaan aatmavan noon door curran vaali ajib bauni shakhsiat, bases deeaan bahut saariaan udaharnan miliaan hunn, naal hii devi-rakhash, towert, anshak magarmachh, anshak hippopotamus, joe bacche dey janam naal judee hoee see. akhetaten dey shaahi mazdooran dey pind witch vee, aaee. aiss. aaee. aiss. atey shedd noon samarpit stelle dee khoj keeti gaee haii (watson 1984:158 atey 208). amarna qalaa-shaili. amarna qalaa-shaili lambe samein toon sathapit misari sammelanan naal tutt gaee. pichli misari qalaa dey sakhat aadarshvadi rasmi ravaiye dey ulat, iss neey aapne vishiaan noon vadhere yatharathvadi dhang naal darsaiaa. inhan witch gair-rasmi drish shamal sunn, jiven kii shaahi parivaar dey ander piaar daa goodah chittar jaan aapne bacchiaan naal khedna, atey aurtan noon mardan naalon halke rung dey roop witch naheen darsaiaa giaa. qalaa witch ikk yatharathvad vee see joe kaee vaar caricature naal laggda haii. jadon kii etten dee pooja noon baad witch amarna pakhpat atey dabaun vajon janhiaa giaa, iss qalaa dee ikk vadhere sathayi virasat see. khoj atey khudai. khudai। atey atey sadee dee khudai. shehar daa pahila pachmi zikar 1714 witch ikk franch jesuit padri cloud seacard duaara keeta giaa see, joe kii nile ghaati vicchon langh riha see, atey amarna toon seema stella daa varnan keeta see. misser dey ziaadaatar hissiaan wang, iss daa daura napolean dey coor dee swents neey 1798-1799 witch keeta see, jiss neey amarna daa pahila vistrit naksha tiaar keeta see, joe baad witch 1821 atey 1830 dey vichkaar "discription dee ail 'agipte" witch prakashit keeta giaa see. iss toon baad 1824 witch european khoj jaari rahee jadon sarr jauhan gardiner wilkinson neey shehar dey avsheshan dee khoj keeti atey naksha banaiaa. copyst robbert heey atey uss dey surveyor jee. laver neey ilaake daa daura keeta atey rait dey vahaa toon kaee dakkhni kabran daa pardafash keeta, 1833 witch raahat noon ricard keeta. praag atey laver duaara banaiaan gaeeaan kapiaan british library witch bahut hadd takk takk hunn, jitthe uhanan dey sathanan dee pachanh curran laee ikk chall riha project chall riha haii. 1843 atey 1845 witch, preutian muhim neey richard lapsius dee agvai witch iss sathaan daa daura keeta atey chittarkari atey kagaz dey dabaun dee varton karde hoye kull baaran dinan witch doou vakkh-vakkh dauriaan witch amarna dey dikhai denh vaale smarkan atey bhugolik sathiti noon daraj keeta. natije aakharkar 1849 atey 1913 dey vichkaar "dankmailer aus egypton atey ethopian" witch prakashit keete gaye sunn, jiss witch shehar daa ikk bihtar naksha vee shamal see. kujh hadd takk shudhta witch seemat honn dey bavjood, ukkariaan gaeeaan "dankmailer" platean neey baaki sadee laee nijji kabran atey kujh seema stelle witch bahut saare drishan atey shilalekhan dey vidvatapuran giaan atey viaakhiaa daa adhaar banaiaa. inhan shuruati khojkartavan deeaan teaman duaara banaae gaye ricard bahut mahattavpuran hunn kiunki inhan vicchon bahut saare avshesh baad witch nasht hoow gaye sunn jaan horr gumm hoow gaye sunn. amarna chitthiaan. sann 1887 witch, ikk sathanak aurat neey "sebakh" laee khudai keeti, jiss witch 300 toon vaddh cuniform goliaan (hunn aam taur utte amarna akkhran vajon janhiaan jandiaan hunn) daa ikk kaish miliaa. inhan takhtiaan neey firoon dey chonven kootnitak pattar vihaar noon daraj keeta atey mukkh taur 'teey akadian witch likhiaa giaa see, "lingua franca" aam taur' teey prachin nede purab dey kaansi yugg dey akheer witch ajihe sanchar laee vartiaa jaanda see. iss khoj neey site dee mahatta noon maanta ditti, atey khoj witch horr vaadha keeta. raaje dee kabar dee khudai. 1891 atey 1892 dey vichkaar alessandro barsanti neey raaje dee kabar dee khoj keeti atey uss noon saaf keeta (halanki ih shayed sathanak aabadi noon lagbhag 1880 toon pataa see). lagbhag use samein sarr flinders pattery neey amarna witch ikk season laee kamm keeta, misser dey khoj fund toon sutantar taur 'teey kamm keeta. uss neey mukkh taur utte kendri shehar witch khudai keeti, etten dey mahaan mandar, mahaan sarkari mahil, raaje dey gharr, firoon dey pattar vihaar dey daftar atey kaee nijji gharan dee jaanch keeti. halanki aksar ikk sundage toon thodhi vaddh matra witch, pattery dee khudai witch vadhu cuniform goliaan, kaee shishe deeaan faiktariaan dey avshesh, atey mahil dey koode dey dher (mycenian shareds samet) dee padtal witch vaddi matra witch sutte gaye fains, kacch atey vasravik daa khulasa hoiaa. aapne natijiaan atey punar nirman noon tezi naal prakashit karke, pattery site dee samratha witch horr dilchaspi noon utshahit curran dey yog see. sunn। sadee dee khudai. copyst atey kalakar norman dee garris davies neey 1903 toon 1908 takk amarna toon private kabran atey seema stelle dey khiche atey photographic varnan prakashit keete. ih kitaban 2006 witch ee. ee. aiss. duaara dubara prakashit keetiaan gaeeaan sunn. sunn। sadee dey shuruati saalan (1907 toon 1914) witch, ludwig borchard dee agvai witch duesh orientgecelshaft muhim neey shehar dey uttri atey dakkhni upnagaran witch viaapak taur utte khudai keeti. nefertity dee prasidh murti, joe hunn barlin dey egyptish ajaib gharr witch haii, murtikar thutmos dee workshop witch horr murti qalaa dey naal labbhi gaee see. agast 1914 witch pahile vishav yuddh dey shuru honn naal german khudai khatam hoow gaee. 1921 toon 1936 takk ikk misser khoj suciety muhim tii dey nirdesh heth amarna vikhe khudai laee waps aaa gaee.ee. piit, sarr leonard wooley, hannery frankfort, stephen glenville atey john pandlebury. mairi chubb neey khudai parbandhak vajon kamm keeta. naveen jaanch dharmik atey shaahi dhanche utte kendrit see. 1960 dey dahake dauran misari puratanta sangathan (hunn prachinta dee misari surbouch consul) neey amarna vikhe kaee khudaiaan keetiaan. keetiaan। sadee dee khudai. shehar dee khoj ajj takk jaari haii, varatman witch bairi camp (misser vigiaan witch emirites professor, cambridge university, england) (2006 takk, misser khoj suciety dee sarprasti heth atey hunn iss dey naal) dee disha witch. 1980 witch geofree martin dee agvai witch ikk vakkhari muhim neey shaahi kabar toon baniaan murtiaan daa varnan atey nakal keeti, baad witch iss deeaan khojan noon kabar toon aaiaan cheezan dey naal prakashit keeta. ih kamm ee. ee. aiss. duaara 2 khandan witch prakashit keeta giaa see. 2005 toon 2013 takk, amarna project amiran deeaan dakkhni kabran dey nede, nijji viaktiaan dey kabarstan witch khudai keeti gaee. media witch. kalpanik. "prasidh elizabeth pieters duaara likhi gaee "pent keeti raanee" aii.keey.saal 2013 witch lekhak dee maut toon baad emilia pibodi navlan dee sabh toon taaza kishat aii barbara mertz haii. elizabeth pieters ikk school sikhlai prapat puratattav vigiaani see, parr uss dey marad sahiyogiaan duaara yakeen karvaiaa giaa see kii ikk aurat puratattav vigiaani naheen honee chahidi, iss laee "usne uhanan misser dey misser vigiaaniaan dey adhaar teey paatar banaae..."jiven kii sarah parcack neey kiha, ikk mahila puratattav vigiaani joe remot sensing witch muharat rakkhdi haii. iss saahas witch ikk mahila puratattav vigiaani amilia pibodi atey nefertity dey gumm hoye butt daa rahass haii. chittarkari keeti raanee 1912 witch, amarna vikhe asal khudai toon kaee saal baad, hundi haii, jadon misser witch khudai siraf european, sathanak kiraedar jaan lutere hunde hunn. saare change rahassmai navlan dee tarahan, haase-mazak, modd atey modd hunde hunn, atey ikk hall hoye case daa ikk anumanat ant hunda haii. "michel moran dee "nefertity" ikk itihasak glup rachna haii joe pathak noon raanee nefertity atey uss dee chhoti bhainn mutnodjamet dey drishtikon toon sedh dindi haii. ih kahani theebs witch uss dey samein toon lae keey amarna atey akhenaten dee maut toon baad dee samaan-rekha dee palna kardi haii. nefertity akhenaten dey darbar jaan haraam witch mukkh patni see. halanki uh naam naal jaanhi jaandi haii, bahut saariaan itihasak mahila roll maadlan vajon, uss dee kahani noon aksar mardana shaskan laee nazarandaz qarr ditta jaanda haii. michel moran neey raanee atey uss dee bhainn dee aapni kahani noon rajneetik raazaan, nirdoshta dey nuksan atey ikk pitri samaaj witch aurat dee taakat naal jode ditta haii. gair-kalpanik. "bairi camp duaara "akhenaten atey nefertity daa shahirao amarna atey iss dey lock", amarna dee dharna toon lae keey shehar noon chaddan takk harr cheez dee charcha karda haii. pustak dey ander chittar hunn joe qalaa, architecture atey shehar noon darsaunde hunn jiven kii ih pahilan (punarnirmit) see atey hunn vee haii. iss witch "prachin sansar noon aakaar denh vaale shehar" kitaab witch camp duaara likhiaa ikk chhota adhiaai vee haii. rasaliaan. pichle saalan witch "rashtari bhugolik" atey puratattav lekhan neey amarna, akhenaten, tutankhamun jaan nefertity baare lekh prakashit keete hunn. ziaadaatar lekh paperback jaan rashtari bhugolik website dovan witch labhiaa jaa sakda haii (varatman witch sabh toon taaza lekh janwari 2021 witch prakashit keeta giaa see). opera. "philip glass duaara "akhnaten", aikat II, seen 3 ("shehar") akhnaten toon akhtaten banaun dey adesh daa varnan karda haii. angrezi lines witch, iss noon nirantar "kiutij daa shehar" kiha jaanda haii.

amarnaa amarnaa (;) iti vistrutam egyptiya-puraatatva-sthalam asti yasmin ashtaadash-vamshasya rajadhani-nagarasya avasheshaah santi. idam nagaram saa. sha. poo. 1346 tame varshe sthaapitam, faroh akhenaaten ityasya nirdeshena nirmitam, saa. sha. poo. 1332 tame varshe tasya mrutyoho kinchitkalanantaram parityaktam. prachina-egyptiya-janaah asya nagaraya yat naam upayunjanta, tasya anglabhashayam akhetaaten athavaa akhetaatan iti lipyantaranm krutam asti, yasya arthah "atten ityasya kshitijah" iti asti. nail-nadyaah poorvatate ayam pradesha asti, yatra adya easypt-deshasya minyaa-praantah asti. ayam all-minyaa-nagarasya dakshine, easypt-deshasya rajadhani kairo-nagarasya dakshine, laksar-nagarasya uttare (poorvatanaraajadhaani theebs-ityasya sthale) cha asti. deer-mavaas-nagaram tasya paschimadishi sakshat sthitam asti. amarnaa-nagarasya poorvadishi aneke aadhunik-graamaah santi, yeshu pramukhah uttare ell-till, dakshine ell-hug-kaandil cha santi. amarnaa-kalat aarabhy roman-yugaparyantam asmin pradeshe kriyaakalaapah vardhata. naam. amarnaa" iti naam benee amran-janajaateeh asti, yaa asmin pradeshe nivasati, katipayaani nivasasthanani cha asthaapayat. prachina-egyptiya-naam akhetaaten iti aasit. aangl-egyptologist surr jaan gardner wilkinson 1820 tame dashake dvivaaram amarnaa-nagaram gatvaa roman-yugasya lekhakanam pliny ("ana-stones") tathaa tolemy ("jyographi") ityetayoho kadaachit virodhaabhaaseevivaranaam anusaranam krutvaa alabastrone iti abhinirdishtavaan, yadyapi saha asya parichayah nishchayah naseet tathaa cha kom ell-ahamar ityenam vaikalpikasthaanaroopen soochayat. akhetaaten-nagaram. asya nagarasya kshetram vastutah ekam kumari-sthalam aasit, tathaa cha idam nagaram akhetaaten ityanena "prathamasya avasarasya aasanam, yat saha swaartham niramaat, yena saha vishraantum shaknoti" iti varnitam. kshitijasya" chitralipyaa saha raaj-vaadee-ityasya saadrushyam, idam nagaram dnyaatum sthalam aasit iti darshayati iti syaat. idam nagaram, tasya nootan-poojaa-mataay atten-prati samarpitam, faro-akhenaaten ityasya nootan-rajadhanirupena nirmitam. tasya shasanasya 5 varshe (saa. sha. poo. 1346) athavaa tasya sameepe eva nirmanakaryam aarabdham, sambhawatah 9 varshe (saa. sha. poo. 1341) poornam abhavat, yadyapi varshadvaye poorvam rajadhaninagaram abhavat. nagarasya nirmanasya gatim vardhayitum adhikaamshaani bhavanaani mruttikaa-intayaa nirmitaani, shwetawarneeyaah cha aasan. atyantam mahattvapoornaani bhavanaani sthaaneeyashilaih mukhatah aasan. idam ekamaatram prachina-easypt-nagaram asti yat swasya aantarik-yojanaa-vishaye vistrutaan vivaranaan samrakshate, yatah akhenaaten ityasya mrutyoho anantaram nagaram parityaktam aasit, yadaa akhenaaten ityasya putrah raja tutanakhamun ityeshah nagaram parityajy theebs (aadhunik-vilaasah) ityatra swasya janmasthanam prati pratyaagantum nishchitavaan. tasya mrutyoho anantaram ekadashakaabdam yaavat nagaram sakriyam aasit iti bhaasate, horemaheb ityasya mandiram soochayati yat tasya shasanasya aarambhe, yadi anyatra nirmaanasaamagreeh srotaroopen eva aasit tarhi, nyunatinyoonam aamshikaroopena vyaapitam aasit iti. yadaa tatt parityaktam abhavat, tadaa yaavat nail-nadyaah praante roman-nivaasah aarabhat, taavat yaavat janavaasah naseet. parantu, tasya nirmanasya parityaage cha vishishtaanaam paristhitayah karanat, prachina-easypt-nagaranam pratinidhitvam kiyat vastutah bhavati iti shankitam asti. amaranaa iti jalasamadhanena nirmitaa, nail-nadyaah poorvatate praayah kshetrakshetram aacchaditaa, pashchimatate, nagarasya janasankhyaayaah krute sasyanam vitaranaartham bhoomih pruthak sthapita. sampoornam nagaram, easypt-deshasya nootan-rajadhanyaha sthapanartham akhenaaten ityasya sthitim vivaranam dattam, aahaty 14 seemaastren pariveshtitam aasit. akhenaaten ityasya nutananagarasya praacheenatamah kaalanirneetah steelah "boundry stell key" iti dnyaayate, yah akhenaaten ityasya shasanasya 13 tame dine 5, IV peret (athavaa 8 maasah) iti varshe asti. (mulasya 14 sima-stilanam adhikaamshah durlabhaah abhavan.) idam asya nagarasya akhenaaten ityasya samsthaapanaam iti vivaranam samrakshayati. atra atten-ityasya anekaani mandiraani sthaapayitum, amaranaa-ityasya poorvaparvateshu swasya, tasya mukhyapatnyaah nephartiti-varyasya, jyeshtaputryaah maritaten-varyasya krute anekaah raaj-samaadhih nirmaatum, tathaa cha yadaa saha mrutah, tadaa saha samadhisthanam kartum punah amarnaa-nagaram prati aanayishyati iti tasya spashta-adeshah cha, faaro-ityasya icchaam abhilekhete. sima-stelaa-key amarnaa-nagare acharitanam ghatananam vivaranam praavartayati. tatah idam grantham kathayati yat akhenaaten atena-devaaya mahatee naivedyam krutavaan iti, tathaa cha eshaa [sandarbhe] vishayavastu asti yaa stelle-ityasya lunets madhye darshitaa asti yatra saha swarajya jyeshtapatnyaa saha atten-ityasya adhah yadnyaih nibaddhasy yadnyavedyaah sammukhe sthitah asti, yadaa tatt tasya upari prakaashayati, tatt tasya sharirasya kiranaihi punarujjeevanam karoti." sthalam tathaa yojanaa. nail-nadyaah poorvatate sthite asya nagarasya bhagnaavasheshaah praayah uttaratah dakshinaparyantam "rajamarge" sthaapitaah santi, adhunaa "sikhet ess-sultan" iti namna nirdishtah. raajanivaasaah samanyataya uttare, uttarnagaram iti namna prasidhaah, kendriyaprashasanam dharmikakshetram cha yukttaah, nagarasya dakshinadishi aawaaseey-upanagaraani santi. uttar-nagaram. yadi uttaratah nadimargena amarnaa-nagaram prati aagacchati tarhi uttarasimayam prayena prathamaani bhavanaani uttar-nadee-paarshva-prasadaha bhavishyati. etat bhavanam jalaabhimukhyam yaavat yaavat pravahat, sambhawatah rajaparivarasya mukhyavaasah aasit. uttarnagarakshetre uttaraprasadaha asti, yah rajaparivarasya mukhyanivaasah asti. asya madhyanagarasy cha madhye, uttar-upanagarh praarambhe vishaal-gruhaihi saha samruddhah pradesha aasit, parantu gruhasya aakaarah nyooneekrutah, margat yaavat adhikam daridrah abhavat. kendriyanagaram. adhikaamshaani mahattvapoornaani aupachaarikaani prashaasanikaani cha bhavanaani kendreeyanagare eva aasan. atra atten ityasya bruhat mandiram, laghu atten mandiram cha dharmikakaryartham upayujyante sma, etayoho madhye mahaan rajaprasadaha, rajaparivarasya cha aupachaarikavaasah aasit, te pulena vaa remp ityanena vaa sambadhaah aasan. rajanivasasya prushtabhaage faroh ityasya patravyavahaar-vibhaagah aasit, yatra amarnaa-patraani praaptaah. idam kshetram sambhawatah prathamam kshetram aasit yat poornam abhavat, tathaa cha asya nirmanasya nyunatinyoonam dwayoh charanayoho aasit. dakshina-upnagareshu. nagarasya dakshinadishi adhunaa "dakshina-upanagare" iti nirdishtah pradesha aasit. asmin nagarasya anekeshaam shaktishaalee-kulinanam sampattih aasan, yathaa nakhtpaten (mukhyamantree), runefer, panehesee (atten ityasya pradhaanapurohitah), raamose (ashvasya swami) cha. asmin kshetre shilpinah thutmos ityasya studio api aasit, yatra 1912 tame varshe nefertity ityasya prasidham pratimam praaptam. nagarasya dakshinadishi kom ell-nana iti parisarah aasit, yah samanyataya "surya-chhaayah" iti nirdishyate, sambhawatah surya-mandiraroopen nirmitah aasit.tatah maru-atten, yat prasadaha athavaa sooryamandiram aasit, moolatah akhenaaten raajnyaah kia ityasyaah krute nirmitam iti manyate sma, parantu tasyaah mrutyoho anantaram tasyaah naam, pratimaah cha tasya putriyah maritaten iti parivartitaah. nagaraantaree. nagarasya paritah, tasya vistaaram cha suchayan, nagarasya sthapanasya varnanam kurvatee sima-shilaa (nail-nadyaah ubhayoho paarshve shilakhandanam utkeern-shilayaha pratyekah aayatah) asya vishaye suchananam praathamikasrotah asti. nagaraat doore, nagarasya poorvadishi, shikhareshu lapalankite sankeern-upatyakayam akhenaaten ityasya raaj-samaadhih arabdha. kevalam ekaha samaadhih poornah abhavat, anamika rajapatnya cha tasya upayogah krutah, tathaa cha akhenaaten ityasya samaadhih sheeghramev tasya dharanartham prayuktah aasit, sambhawatah tasya dwiteeyaputree mcetaten cha. raaj-vaadee-nagarasya uttar-dakshina-cha shikharayoho nagarasya kuleen-janaah swa-samaadhayah niramaat. prachina amarnaa/akhetaaten ityasmin jeevanam. amarnaa ityasya sthaapanaavishaye praayah yat dnyaatam asti tasya adhikaamsham karanam nagarasya parimitehe adhikruta-sima-stele ityasya (13 dnyaataani) shrunkhalaayaah samrakshanam asti. etaaha nail-nadyaah paarshvayoho shikhareshu (poorvadishi 10, paschimadishi 3) kataah bhavanti, tathaa cha pratishtaayaah poorvam tasya patanasya poorvam yaavat akhetaaten (amarnaa) ityasya ghatanaah abhilekhitavantah. theebs-taha amarnaa-nagaram prati gantum akhenaaten-ityasmai sainyasya samarthanam aavashyakam aasit. akhenaaten ityasya pramukhopadeshakeshu anyatamah ayaha asmin kshetre mahatee prabhaavam adadat yatah tasya pitaa yuyaa mahattwapoornah sainyanetaa aasit. tadatiriktam, sainyasya sarve militvaa vardhitaah aasan, te akhenaaten ityasya pituhu adheene easypt-deshasya itihaase sampannatamasy safalatamasya cha kaalasy bhaagah aasan, ataha padaavargasya madhye nishtaavaan drudah, avichalah cha aasit. sambhawatah atyantam mahattvapoornam, "eshah ekaha senaa aasit yasya vishaalah shreyah raja prathame theebs-nagare, anantaram amarnaa-nagare cha mandira-shilpeshu utsavam kartum pratyekam avasaram anvahat." dhaarmikajeevanam. yadyapi akhenaaten ityasya sudhaarah samanyataya ekadevavaadasya prati, athavaa sambhawatah adhika-yatharthataya, ekadevavaadasya prati abhimukheeh iti manyate, puraatatva-pramaanaani darshayanti yat anyadevataah api eten-sampradaayasy kendre api poojitaah aasan-yadi aadhikaarikaroopen naa, tarhi nyunatinyoonam tatra nivasantah kaaryam akurvan te janaah. ... akhetaaten-nagare eva kemp-samsthaayaah (2008:41-46) sadyah eva krutasya utkhanane, paaramparika-vyaktigata-vishvaasa-kshetrasya devataam, devataam, prateekam cha chitrayantah vastooni drushyante. dushtatmaha nivaarayantah vichitra-kubja-aakrutihi bess ityasya, tathaa cha devee-rakshasasy, towerate ityasya, aamshika-magarasya, aamshika-hippopotamas ityasya, ye prasavena saha sambadhaah aasan, eteshaam anekaani udaaharanaani praaptaah. akhetaaten-nagarasya rajakarmacharinam graame api aisis-and-shade ityetayoho krute samarpitaani stelle-shilpaani aavishkrutaah (waterson 1984,158,208). amarnaa-kalaa-shailee. amarnaa-kalaa-shailee dirghakaalaat sthaapitaih egyptian-sammelanaih vicchinnah. poorveeya-egyptiya-kalayaha kathor-aadarshavaadi-aupachaarikataayaah vipareetam, tatt swasya vishayaan adhika-vaastavikatayaa chitritavaan. eteshu anaupachaarikaani drushyaani aasan, yathaa rajaparivarasya antah snehasya antarangaani chitraani athavaa swasantatibhih saha kreedantah, mahilanam purushaanaam apekshayaa laghuvarnaani naa chitritaah. kalaayaam yathaarthavaadah api aasit yah kadaachit vyangyachitrasya simayam bhavati sma. yadyapi atten ityasya poojaa pashchat amarnaa-matadweshah iti namna nirdishya, damanitaa cha abhavat, tathaapi asya kalayaha adhikah chirasthaayeeh uttaradhikaraha aasit. punah anveshanam tathaa utkhananm. 18 shataabdyaah 19 shataabdyaah cha utkhananah. asya nagarasya prathamah paashchaty-ullekhah 1714 tame varshe nail-upatyakayaha maarge yatram kurwatah french-jesuit-purohitah claude sicard ityanena krutah, amarnaa-nagarasya sima-stelayaha cha varnanam krutavaan. easypt-deshasya adhikaamshabhaagasya iva, napolean-ityasya "carps dee savants" ityanena 1798-1799 madhye etat abhyaagatam, yah amarnaa-ityasya prathamam vistrutam manachitram praavartayat, yat tadanantaram 1821 taha 1830 paryantam "discription dee ell 'aegypte" ityasmin prakaashitam. asya anantaram 1824 tame varshe europiya-anveshanam anwawartat, yadaa surr jaan gardiner wilkinson ityayam nagarasya avasheshaan anvishya manachitranam cha krutavaan. pratilipikaarah rabert hey tathaa tasya surveyor jee. lever-varyaha tatt pradesham gatvaa, dakshinadishi sthitaani anekaani samaadhayah baalukachaaditaani drushtavantah, 1833 tame varshe utkeernaani abhilekhitavantah. hey-lever-ityetaih nirmitaani pratiani british-pustakaalaye bahudhaa aprakaashitaani santi, yatra teshaam sthananam parichayah kartum vartamaanam pariyojanam prachalati. richard lepsius ityasya netrutve proshiyan-abhiyanam 1843 tame varshe 1845 tame varshe cha asya sthalam sandarshayat, tathaa cha chitraanaam, kagadanam nikshepananam cha upayogena, dwaadashadineshu pruthak pruthak sandarshanayoho amarnaa-ityasya drushya-smarakani sthalaakrutihi cha abhilekhitavaan. parinaamaah antatah 1849 taha 1913 paryantam "denkmaller aas easyptane and ethiopian" ityasmin prakashitani, yatra nagarasya unnata-manachitram api aasit. yatharthata tu kinchitkalam parimitaa satsu api utkeernaani "denkmaller" phalakaani, shataabdyaah sheshakalam yaavat, nijee-samaadhishu, keshuchit seemaasthalayoh cha drushyaanaam shilalekhanam cha anekanam drushyaanaam, shilalekhanam cha vidvataapoornadnyaanasya vyaakhyaayaah cha aadharam aasit. eteshaam praarambhik-anveshaka-dalaihi krutaani abhilekhaah atyantam mahattwapoornaah santi yatah eteshu bahavah avasheshaah pashchat nashtaah vaa nashtaah vaa abhavan. amaranaa-patraani. 1887 tame varshe "sebaakh" ityasya krute khananm kurvatee ekaa sthaniyaya mahilaa 300 taha adhikanam cuniform-falakaanaam (adhunaa samanyataya amarnaa-aksharaani iti namna prasiddha) sanchayam anvishyata. ete phalakaani faroh-ityasya chunitaah kootaneetik-patravyavahaaraan abhilekhitavantah, tathaa cha mukhyataya akadian-bhashayam likhitaah aasan, "lingwaa franca" iti bhashayaha, prachinasya nikatapoorvasya kaamsyayuge praayah etaadrushe samvaadaartham upayogah aasit. anena avishkarat asya sthalasy mahattvam dnyaatum, anveshanasya cha vruddhihi abhavat. raajnah samaadhih khananm krutam. 1891 taha 1892 paryantam alessandro barcenti ityeshah raajnah samaadhih anvishya nirmoolayat (yadyapi praayah 1880 tamaat varshaat sthaniyajanasankhyayaha krute dnyaatam aasit). praayah tasmin eva kaale surr flinders petri amarnaa-nagare ekam kaalam yaavat easypt-anveshana-nidhyaa swatantraroopena karyam krutavaan. saha mukhyataya kendreeyanagare utkhananm krutavaan, atenasya mahaan mandiram, mahaan aadhikarikapraasaadah, raajagruham, faaro ityasya patravyavaharakaryalayaha, anekaah nijeegruhaani cha anveshtavaan. yadyapi praayah sondez-taha alpam adhikam bhavati, tathaapi petri ityasya utkhananeshu atiriktaani cuniform-phalakaani, anekanam kaach-karakhananam avasheshaah, mahatim parimaaneshu parityaktaah fayence, glass, syramic cha prasadasya apashisht-stupanam (macinian shared-sahitam) shodhane prakatitah. swasya parinaman punarnirmanam cha sheeghram prakashitva, petri-varyaha sthalasy sambhaavyataayaam adhikam ruchim uddeeptum samarthah abhavat. 20 shataabdyaah utkhananaani. krutikaarah kalakaraha cha norman day gaaris davis ityayam 1903 taha 1908 paryantam amarnaa-nagaraat nijee-samaadhayah, sima-stele cha chitraani, chaayaachitraani cha prakashitavan. ete pustakaani 2006 tame varshe ee. ess. ityanena punah prakashitani. 20 shataabdyaah arambhikeshu varsheshu (1907 taha 1914 paryantam) ludwig borchard ityasya netrutve duteshey-orientagelshaft-abhiyanam, nagarasya uttar-dakshina-upanagarayoh vyaapakaroopen utkhanitam. adhunaa berlin-nagarasya egyptisches-sangrahaalaye sthitam nefertity-ityasya prasidham pratimanm, shilpi-thutmos ityasya karyashalayam anyaasu shilpakalaasu api aavishkrutam. 1914 tame varshe august-maase prathamavishvayuddhasya aarambhen german-deshasya utkhananaani samaaptaani abhavan. 1921 taha 1936 paryantam easypt-anveshana-samajasya abhiyanam tea ityasya nirdeshena amarnaa-nagare utkhananartham pratyaagatam.ee. peet, surr leonard wooley, heinry frankfort, stephen glanville, jaan pendlebury cha. merry chab ityayam diggs-prashaasakaroopen karyam krutavaan. naveeneekrutaani anveshanaani dharmikanam rajanam cha samrachanaanaam vishaye kendreekrutaani aasan. 1960 tame dashake egyptiya-puraatatva-samsthaa (adhunaa egyptiya-sarvoccha-puraatatva-parishadah) amarnaa-nagare aneke utkhananaani akarot. 21 shataabdyaah utkhananaani. asya nagarasya anveshanam adyaavadhi prachalati, samprati bairee kemp (egyptology-vibhaagasya emeritus pradhyapakaha, kembridge-vishvavidyaalayaha, england) ityasya nirdeshe (2006 paryantam, easypt-anveshana-samajasya aashraye, adhunaa cha). 1980 tame varshe geophrey martin ityasya netrutve pruthak abhiyanam rajamahalasya samadhisthalasya utkirnaanaam varnanam pratilipim cha krutavaan, pashchat tasya nishkarshaan samadhisthalat agatani iti manyate tebhyah vastoonaam cha prakaashanam krutavaan. eshaa krutihi ee. ess. ityanena 2 khandeshu prakashita. 2005 taha 2013 paryantam amarnaa-pariyojanaa, kulinanam dakshina-samaadhisaudhasya sameepe, nijee-vyaktinaam shmashaane utkhanitaa. madhyamena. kaalpanikam. "prasiddhaya elizaabet peaters-dwara likhitayaa "da pent queen" iti.key.2013 tame varshe lekhakasy nidhananantaram e barbera mertz iti amelia pibodi-upanyasanam naveenatamam khandam asti. elizaabet peaters ityeshaa vidyaalaya-prashikshita-puraatatvadnyaa aasit, parantu tasyaah purusha-sahakarmibhihi pratyujyate yat mahilaa puraatatvadnyaa naa bhavet iti, ataha "saa teshaam streedwesha-egyptologist-ityetaan aadhaaren paatraani nirmitavatee..."yathaa saarhaa parcac ityeshaa, durastha-samvedana-vishaye visheshadnyaa mahilaa puraatatvadnyaa kathayati. asmin saahasik-kaaryakrame mahilaa-puraatatva-vidnyaanee amelia pibodi ityeshaa, nefertity ityasya adrushyasya bust ityasya rahasym cha darshitaa asti. varnitaa raajnee 1912 tame varshe amarnaa-nagare vaastavika-utkhananasy katipayavarshanam anantaram bhavati, yadaa easypt-deshe utkhananah kevalam europiya-janaah, sthaniya-niyuktaah, athavaa lutakah eva bhavanti. sarveshu uttama-rahasy-kaadambaribhih sadrusham, haasyam, tiruvah, parivarttanaah cha santi, samadhanasya prakaranasya api antah poorvaanumeyah bhavati. "mishel moran ityasya "nefertity" iti aitihaasikam kaalpanikam krutim asti yat raajnyaah nefertity ityasya, tasyaah anujaa mutnodjmet ityasyaah cha drushtyaa paatakam marganirdesham karoti. eshaa kathaa theebs-madhye tasyaah kalat amaranaa-paryantam, akhenaaten-ityasya mrutyoho anantaram cha kalarekham anusarati. nephartiti ityeshaa akhenaaten ityasya sabhayam athavaa haram-nagare mukhyapatnee aasit. yadyapi saa naamen prasiddha asti, yadyapi anekaani aitihaasika-mahilaa-aadarshaani, tathaapi tasyaah kathaa praayah purushashasakanam krute avahelitaa bhavati. mishel moran ityeshaa raajnyaah tasyaah bhaginyaah cha kathaam raajanaitik-rahasyaih, nishkapatatayaha hanya, pitrusattaatmak-samaaje strishaktya cha jaalam karoti. akalpaniya. "bairee kemp ityasya "akhenaaten tathaa nefertity-nagaram-amarnaa tathaa tasya janaah" ityasmin amarnaa-siddhantat aarabhy nagarasya parityaagam yaavat sarvam charchate. pustakasya antah kalaa, vastukala, nagaram cha yathaa aasit (punarnirmitam) adhunaa cha yathaa cha pradarshitaah pratimaah santi. praacheenavishvam roopayantah nagaraani" iti pustake kemp ityanena likhitah ekaha laghupadah api asti. patrikaah. poorvavarsheshu "rashtriya-bhaugolikam" puraatatva-lekhaani cha amarnaa, akhenaaten, tutanakhamun, nefertity ityetaani vishaye lekhaan prakaashitavantah. lekhasya adhikaamshah bhaagah peparbyaak athavaa rashtriya-bhaugolika-jalaputeshu vaa drashtum shakyate (samprati naveenatamah lekhah 2021 janavaree-maase prakaashitah). operaa. "phillip-glass ityasya "akhnaaten", adhiniyamah II, drushyam 3 ("nagaram"), akhenaaten ityasya akhetaten ityasya nirmanasya aadeshasy varnanam akarot. anglabhashayam, idam nirantaram "kshitijasya nagaram" iti nirdishyate.

amarnah amarnah (;) enbathu pathinettaam vamsaththin pirpaguthiyil thalainagaraaga irunththa idaththin echchangkalaik konda oru virivaana egypthiya tholliyal thalamaagum. kimu 1346ill niruvapatta inththa nagaram, parvon agaenaden thisaiyil kattappattathu, kimu 1332ill avarathu maranaththirkup piragu sirithu kaalaththil kaividappattathu. pandaiya egipthiyarkal inththa nagaraththirku payanpaduththiya peyar aangkilaththil acataton allathu agatadon endru mozhipeyarkkappattullathu, idhan porul "attenin adivaanam". inththa thalam nail aattrin kilakkuk karaiyil ullathu, intru egypthiya maagaanamaana miniyaavil ullathu. idhu all-minya nagarin therkae, egypthiya thalaynagaraana keyroavin therkae mattrum laksarukku vadakkae (munththaiya thalaynagaraana theeps thalam) ullathu. deer maavaa nagaram adhan maerkae neradiyaaga amainthullathu. amarnavin kizhakkup paguthiyil pala naveena kiraamangal ullana, avattrin thalaivarkal vadakkil ell-dill mattrum therkil ell-huck kandil aagum. inthap piraanthiyaththil amarnah kaalaththilirunthu pirkaala romanian sagaaptham varai seyalpaadugal sezhiththu valarnththana. peyar. amarnah" endra peyar ippaguthiyil vaalnththa mattrum oru sila kudiyaettranggalai niruviya benny amran pazhangkudiyinaridamirunthu vanthathu. pandaiya egypthiya peyar acataton. aangkilaeya egipthiyaraana charr john cardener wilkinson 1820kazhil irandu murai amarnaavukkuch sendru, sila samayangalil romanian sagaaptha ezhuththaalargalaana pilini ("karkalil") mattrum dolami ("puviyiyal") aagiyoarin muranpatta vilakkangkalaith thodarnthu adhai alabastron endru adaiyaalam kandaar, iruppinum avar adaiyaalam kuritthu uruthiyaaka illai mattrum koom ell-ahmarai oru maattru idamaaga parinthuraiththaar. acataton nagaram. nagaraththin pakuthi thirampada oru kanni thalamaaga irunththathu, maelum inththa nagaraththilthaan acataton adenin "muthal chandharppaththin irukkai" endru vivaritthaar, avar athil oaivedukka vaendum endru thanakkaaga idhaich seithirunthaar. adivaanam" enbatharkaana padinilaiyudan arasa vaadi oththiruppathu, nagaraththaik kandupidippadharkaana idam idhudhaan enbathaik kaattuvathaaga irukkalaam. inththa nagaram parvon agaenaden puthiya thalainagaraaga kattappattathu, idhu avarathu puthiya valipaattu mathaththirku attenukku arppanikkappattathu. avarathu aatchiyin 5aam aandil (kimu 1346) allathu athaich suttri kattumanam thodangiyathu, maelum idhu irandu aandugalukku munbu thalainagaraaga maariyirunththaalum, 9aam aandil (kimu 1341) niraivadainthirukkalaam. nagarin kattumaanatthai viraivupaduththa perumpaalaana kattidangal saettru sethilaal kattapattu, vellai niraththil kazhuvappattana. miga mukkiyamaana kattidangal ulloor kallal ethirkollappattana. agenadan magan, mannar dudankamun, nagaraththai vittu veliyaeri thanathu pirappidamaana theps (naveena aadambaram) kkuth thirumba mudivu seithapoathu, agenadan maranaththirkup piragu nagaram kaividappattathaal, adhan ull thittaththin periya vivarangkalai paathukaakkum oray pandaiya egypthiya nagaram idhuvaagum. avarathu maranaththirkup piragu oru dasaaptham allathu adharku maerpatta kaalamaaga nagaram seyalil irunththathaakath therikirathu, maelum horaemhaep oru sannathi avarathu aatchiyin thodakkaththil kurainthathu oralavu aakkiramikkappattirunthathu enbathaik kurikkirathu, mattra idangkalil kattumaanap porutkalukkaana aathaaramaaka mattumae irunthaal. adhu kaividappattavudan, nailin vilimbil romanian kudiyaettram thodangum varai adhu makkal vasikkaamal irunththathu. iruppinum, adhan uruvaakkam mattrum kaividalin thaniththuvamaana soozhnilaigal kaaranamaaga, idhu unmaiyil pandaiya egypthiya nagarangalin pirathinithiyaaga eppadi irukkirathu enbathu kelvikkuriyadhu. nail aattrin kilakkuk karaiyil sumar oru pakuthi parappalavil amarnah avasaramaaga kattappattathu; maerkuk karaiyil, nagaraththin makkalukkaana payirkalai vazhangka nilam odhukkappattathu. egypthin inththa puthiya thalaynagarai niruvuvatharkaana akenadan nilaimaigalai vivarikkum moththam 14 ellai staelaavudan muzhu nagaramum soozhappattathu. agenadan puthiya nagaraththilirunthu aaramba kaala kaala stell "ellai stell kae" endru ariyappadugirathu, idhu aandu 5, IV peret (allathu maatham 8), agenadan aatchiyin 13 vadhu naall aagum. (asal 14 ellai staelgalil perumbaalaanavai moasamaaga azhinththuvittana.) inththa nagaraththin agaenaden adiththalaththin oru kanakkai idhu paathukaakkirathu. inththa aavanaththil, amaranavin kilakku malaikalil pala arasa kallaraigal uruvaakkappada vaendum endra parvon virupaththai pathivu seikirathu, avarathu thalaimai manaivi nefertity mattrum avarathu mooththa magal meritaton aakiyoarukkaakavum, avar iranththavudan, avar adakkam seiyappaduvatharkaaga meendum amaranavukku kondu varappaduvaar endra avarathu velippadaiyaana kattalaiyaiyum pathivu seikirathu. amarnavil kondaadappatta nigazhvugalin vilakkatthai ellai stella kae arimugappaduththukirathu inththa urai pinnar agenaathan kadavulukku oru periya kaanikkai aliththaar endru koorukirathu "maelum idhu [chandharppaththin] karupporul aagum, idhu stelavin moongalil vilakkappattullathu, angku avar thanathu raani mattrum mooththa magaludan oru palipeedaththin muun nirkiraar, idhu attenin keezh kaanikkaigaludan kuvindhullathu, athae neraththil adhu avarathu meethu pirakaasikkirathu, adhan kathirkalaal avarathu udalukku puththuir alikkirathu." thalam mattrum thittam. nailin kilakkuk karaiyil amainthulla nagarin idipaadugal thoaraayamaaga vadakku muthal therku varai oru "arasa saalai" vazhiyaaga amaikkappattullana, ippoathu idhu "sikketh ess-sultan" endru kurippidappadugiradhu. arasa illangkal podhuvaaga vadakkae, vadakku nagaram endru azhaikkappadum idaththil, matthiya nirvaagam mattrum madhap paguthiyudan ullana, maelum nagarin therkae kudiyiruppu puranagarp paguthigalaal aanathu. vadakku nagaram. oruvar vadakkil irunthu amarnah nagaraththai nadhi vazhiyaaga anuginaal, vadakku ellaiyai kadantha muthal kattidangal vadakku aattrangkaraiyil ulla aranmanaiyaaga irukkum. inthak kattidam neernilai varai oodiyathu, maelum idhu arasa kudumbaththin mukiya illamaaga irukkalaam. vadakku nagarap pakuthikkul amainthulla vadakku aranmanai, arasa kudumbaththin mukiya illamaagum. idharkum matthiya nagaraththirkum idaiyil, vadakku puranagarp pakuthi aarambaththil periya veedugaludan oru valamaana paguthiyaaga irunththathu, aanaal veettin alavu kuraindhu, avarkal irunththa saalaiyilirunthu maelum aezhmaiyadainththathu. matthiya nagaram. perumpaalaana mukkiyamaana sadangu mattrum nirvaaga kattidangal matthiya nagaraththil amainthirunthana. ingku atten periya koayil mattrum siriya atten koayil madha seyalpaadugalukkup payanpaduththappattana, ivatrtrukku idaiyil periya arasa aranmanaiyum arasa illamum arasa kudumbaththin sadangu illamaaga irunththana, maelum avai oru paalam allathu valaivu moolam inaikkappattana. arasa illaththin pinnaal parvon kadidhap parimaattra paniyagam irunththathu, angku amarnah kadidhangal kaanappattana. inthap pakuthi anegamaaga mudikappatta muthal paguthiyaagum, maelum kurainthathu irandu katta kattumaanap panikalaavathu irunththana. therku puranagarp pakuthikal. nagarin therkae ippoathu "therku puranagarp pakuthikal" endru kuripidappadum pakuthi irunththathu. nakthpaathan (muthalamaichar), ranefar, banehesi (attenin uyar poosaari) mattrum ramos (kuthiraigalin ejaman) ullitta nagarin pala sakthivaaintha pirabukkalin thoattangal idhil irunththana. inththa paguthiyil sirpi thadmosine studiyoavum irunththathu, angku 1912 aam aandil pugazhpettra nefertity maarpalavu kandupidikkappattathu. nagarin therkae maelum koom ell-naana, oru adaippu, podhuvaaga "sooriya nizhal" endru kurippidappadugiradhu, maelum idhu sooriya-koavilaaga kattappattirukkalaam.pinnar, oru aranmanai allathu sooriyak koayilaaga irunththa maaru-atten, muthalil ackenaten raani kiah enbavarukkaaga kattappattathaaga karudhappattathu, aanaal avarathu maranaththin poathu avarathu peyarum uruvangkalum avarathu magalaana meritaton peyarkalaaka maattrappattana. nagarin puranagarp pakuthi. nagaraththaich suttri adhan alavaik kurikkum vagaiyil, nagaraththin sthaabanaththai vivarikkum ellai stella (nailin irupuramum ulla paaraikalil sethukkappatta paaraiyin sevvagam) adhu pattriya thagavalkalin muthanmai aathaaramaakum. nagaraththilirunthu vilagi, nagarin kizhakkae oru kurugiya pallaththaakkil, paaraikalil maraiththu, agenadan arasa kallarai thodangappattathu. oray oru kallarai mattumae mudikkappattathu, maelum peyar veliyidappadaatha arasa manaiviyaal payanpaduththappattathu, maelum agaenaden kallarai avaraip pidikka avasaramaagap payanpaduththappattathu, maelum avarathu irandaavathu magalaana megataton. arasa vaadikku vadakkilum therkilum ulla paaraikalil, nagarin pirabukkal thangal kallaraigalaik kattinar. pandaiya amarnah/acatanil vaazhkkai. amarnavin sthaabanam pattri ariyappattavattril perumbaalaanavai, nagarin suttralavaich suttri varum athikaarappoorva ellai stelavin (13 ariyapattavai) thodar paathukaappin kaaranamaagum. ivai nailin irupuramum ulla paaraikalil vettappadugindrana (kilakkil 10, maerkil 3) maelum agedaden (amarnah) niruvappattathilirunthu adhan veelchchikku sattru munbu varai nigazhvugalai pathivu seigindrana. thipsil irunthu amarnavukku nagarththa, agaenaadanukku iraanuvaththin aatharavu thevaippattathu. agenadan mukiya aaloachakarkalil oruvaraana ayee, avarathu thanthai yuya oru mukkiyamaana iraanuvath thalaivaraaga irunthathaal inththa paguthiyil perum selvaakkai seluththinaar. koodudhalaaga, iraanuvaththil ulla anaivarum ontraaka valarnththanar, avarkal egypthin varalaattril miga panakkaara mattrum migavum vetrtrikaramaana kaalakattathin oru paguthiyaaga irunththanar, enavae anigalidaiyae visuvaasam valuvaagavum asaikka mudiyaathathaakavum irunththathu. oruvaelai miga mukkiyamaaga, "idhu oru iraanuvam, adhan vegujana anigal mannar muthalil theeps mattrum pinnar amarnavil koayil sirpangalil kondaada ovvoru vaaippaiyum eduththuk kondaar." madha vaazhkkai. agenadan seerthiruththangkal podhuvaaga oru vagaiyaana aekaththuvaththai nokkamaagak kondathaaga nambappadugindrana, allathu oruvaelai innum thulliyamaaga, monolatrism, tholliyal saandrugal mattra theivangalum abimaanikkappattana enbathaik kaattugindrana, adden vazhipaattin maiyaththil kooda-athikaarappoorvamaaga illaiyendraal, kurainthapatcham angku vaalnththa mattrum paniyaattriya makkalaal. ... agettaattanil, kemp (2008:41-46) nadaththiya sameepathiya agazhvaaraaichchiyil, kadavulgal, theivangal mattrum thanipatta nambikkaiyin paarambariya thuraiyaich saerntha chinnangalai siththarikkum porutkalin iruppaik kaattiyullathu. theeya aavikalaith thaduththa visithiramaana kulla uruvamaana bezin pala eduththukkaattukal, athae poal pirasavaththudan thodarpudaiya thevi-monster, davered, pakuthi muthalai, pakuthi hypopotamus aagiyavai kandupidikkappattullan. agedaattanil ulla arasa thozhilaazhargalin kiraamaththil, aisis mattrum shedukku arppanikappatta stella kandupidikkappattullathu (watson 1984:158 & 208). amarnah kalai paani. amarnah kalai paani neendakaalamaaga niruvapatta egypthiya maanaadugaludan murinthathu. munththaiya egypthiya kalaiyin kadumaiyaana ilatchiyavaatha sambirathaayaththaip poalallaamal, adhu adhan pirajaikalai migavum yathaarththamaaga siththariththathu. arasa kudumbaththirkul paasaththin nerukkamaana siththarippugal allathu avarkalin kuzhandhaigaludan vilaiyaaduvathu poantra muraisaaraa kaatchigal idhil adangkum, maelum penkalai aangalai vida ilaguraga niramaaga siththarikkappadavillai. sila nerangalil kelichchiththiraththin ellaikalaik konda oru yadhaarththavaathamum inthak kalaiyil irunththathu. atten vazhipaadu pinnar amarnah mathachaarpinmai mattrum odukkappattathu endru kurippidapattaalum, inththa kalai migavum neediththa bhaarambariyaththaik kondirundhadhu. maruu kandupidippu mattrum agazhvaaraaichchi. 18 mattrum 19 aam noottraandin agazhvaaraaichchigal. nagaraththin muthal merkaththiya kurippu 1714 aam aandil nail pallatthaakku vazhiyaaga payaniththa oru pirenchu jesuit poosaariyaana cload seacard enbavaraal seiyappattathu, maelum amarnaavilirunthu ellai stelavai vivariththathu. egypthin perumbaguthiyaip poalavae, idhu neppoliyanin "corps dii savands" aall 1798-1799 ill paarvaiyidappattathu, avar amarnavin muthal virivaana varaipadaththaith thayaaritthaar, idhu pinnar 1821 mattrum 1830 kku idaiyil "dii ell 'agyptay" endra vilakkaththil veliyidappattathu. inththa iroappiya aaivukkup piragu 1824 aam aandil charr john cardin wilkinson nagarin echchangkalai aaraaynthu varaipadam varainththapoathu thodarnthathu. nagal poriyaalar robbert haey mattrum avarathu surveyor jii. laavar antha pakuthikku sendru, manal sarukkalkalilirunthu pala therku kallaraigalai kandupiditthaar, 1833 aam aandil nivaaranangalai pathivu seithaar. vaikoal mattrum laavar seitha pirathikal perumpaalum british noolagaththil veliyidappadavillai, angku avattrin iruppidangkalai adaiyaalam kaana oru thittam nadanthu varukirathu. richard lepsius thalaimaiyilaana prashyan padaiyeduppu 1843 mattrum 1845 aam aandugalil inththa thalaththirku vijayam seithathu, maelum moththam pannirandu naatkalil irandu thanithani varugaigalil amarnavin pulappadum ninaivuchchinnangal mattrum nilaparappai pathivu seithathu, varaipadangkal mattrum kaagitha kasivugalaip payanpaduththi. 1849 mattrum 1913 kku idaiyil nagaraththin maempatta varaipadam udpada, mudivugal iruthiyil "denkmaller aus egyptian andd ethiopian" ill veliyidappattana. thulliyaththil oralavu mattuppaduthappatta poathilum, porikkapatta "denkler" thattukal thanipatta kallaraigalil ulla pala kaatchigal mattrum kalvettugal mattrum sila ellai staelaekalin kalviyiyal arivu mattrum vilakkaththirku adippadaiyaaga irunththana. inththa aarambagaala aaraaychchiyaalarkal kulukkalaal seiyappatta pathivukal miguntha mukkiyathuvam vaainththavai, aenenil ivatrtril pala echchangkal pinnar azhikkappattana allathu ilanththana. amarnah kadidhangal. 1887 aam aandil, "sebagh"-kkaaga thondi eduththa oru ulloor penn, 300 kkum maerpatta kiniform palagaikalin (ippoathu podhuvaaga amarnah ezhuththukkal endru azhaikkappadukirathu) saemippaik kandupiditthaar. inththa palagaikal parvon thernthedukkappatta raajathanthira kadidhap pathivukalaip pathivu seithana, maelum avai perumpaalum akkadiyan mozhiyil ezhuthappattana, idhu pandaiya kilakkatthiya venkala yugaththin pirpaguthiyil podhuvaagap payanpaduththappatta "linguwa franca" aagum. inththa kandupidippu thalaththin mukkiyatthuvaththai angkeekarikka vazhivaguththathu, maelum aaivil maelum athikarippukku vazhivaguththathu. mannarin kallaraiyai agazhvaaraaichchi seithal. 1891 mattrum 1892 kku idaiyil alessandro parensandy mannarin kallaraiyaik kandupiditthu suththam seithaar (idhu 1880 muthal ulloor makkalukkuth therinthirukkalaam entraalum). athae neraththil chaar flinders petri amarnavil oru paruvaththirku vaelai seithaar, egipthu aaivu nidhiyilirunthu suyaatheenamaaga paniyaattrinaar. avar muthanmaiyaaga matthiya nagaraththil agazhvaaraaichchi seithaar, attenin periya koayil, periya athikaarappoorva aranmanai, rajaavin veedu, parvon kadidhap paniyagam mattrum pala thaniyar veedugal kuritthu visaaritthaar. adikkadi oru santejai vida sattru athigamaaga irunththaalum, petriyin agazhvaaraaichchigalil koodudhal kiniform dablettukal, pala kannadi thozhirchaalaigalin echchangkal mattrum aranmanaiyin kuppaikalin kuviyalgalai (mycenian sherdugal udpada) aaraaivathil perum alavu niraagarikkappatta fines, kannadi mattrum beengaon aagiyavai velippattana. thanathu mudivugalaiyum punaramaippugalaiyum viraivaaga veliyiduvathan moolam, petri thalaththin thiranil maelum aarvatthaith thoonda mudinthathu. 20aam noottraandin agazhvaaraaichchigal. 1903 muthal 1908 varai amarnaavilirunthu thaniyar kallaraigal mattrum ellai stelavin varainththa mattrum pugaippada vilakkangkalai nagaleduppaalar mattrum kalaignar norman dii corris davis veliyittaar. inththa puththagangkal 2006 ill ees moolam meendum veliyidappattana. 20 aam noottraandin aaramba aandugalil (1907 muthal 1914 varai) ludwick porsert thalaimaiyilaana dutese oriendeselshoft payanam, nagarin vadakku mattrum therku puranagarp pakuthikal muzhuvathum virivaaga agazhvaaraaichchi seiyappattathu. ippoathu berlin egypthiya arungaatchiyagaththil ulla nefertityin pugazhpettra maarpalavu, sirpi thadmosine pattaraiyil mattra sirpa kalaipporutkalil kandupidikkappattathu. august 1914 ill muthal ulagap poar vediththathaal jerman agazhvaaraaichchigal mudivukku vanthana. 1921 muthal 1936 varai egipthu aaivu samoogam maerkonda oru payanam dii. yinn vazhikaattuthalin keezh amarnavil agazhvaaraaichchikkuth thirumbiyathu.eee. beat, aiyaa leonard wooley, henry frankford, stephen clanville mattrum john bendelbury. maeri sapp agazhvaaraaichchiyin nirvaagiyaaga paniyaattrinaar. pudhuppikkappatta visaaranaikal madha mattrum arasa kattamaippugalil kavanam seluththiyirunthana. 1960kazhil egypthiya tholporul amaippu (ippoathu egypthiya tholporul uchcha sabai) amarnavil pala agazhvaaraaichchigalai maerkondathu. 21aam noottraandin agazhvaaraaichchigal. tharpoothu paari kemp (egypthiyap paeraasiriyar, cambridge palkalaikkazhagam, englaanthu) (2006 varai, egipthu aaivu samoogaththin aatharavin keezh mattrum ippoathu egipthu aaraaychchiyaalarudan) vazhikaattuthalin keezh nagaraththin aaivu thodarkirathu. 1980 aam aandil jiofrey martin thalaimaiyilaana oru thanii payanam arasa kallaraiyilirundhu vantha sirpangalai vivariththu nagaleduththathu, pinnar adhan kandupidippugalai kallaraiyilirundhu vanththathaaka karudhappadum porutkaludan ontraaka veliyittathu. inththa padaippu 2 thoguthigalil eee. ess. aall veliyidappattathu. 2005 muthal 2013 varai, amarnah thittam pirabukkalin therku kallaraigalukku arugil ulla thaniyar thaninabarkalin kallaraiyil agazhvaaraaichchi seiyappattathu. uudakangkalil. karpanai. "varnam poosappatta raani" endru pugazhpettra elisabeth peters ezhuthiyullaar.kae.2013 aam aandil ezhuththaalar kaalamana piragu amelia beepodi naavalkalukku oru barbara merts miga sameepathiya thavanaiyaagum. elisabeth peters oru palli payirchi pettra tholliyalaalaraaga irunthaar, aanaal avarathu aann sagaakkalaal oru penn oru tholliyalaalaraaga irukkakkoodaathu endru varpurutthappattaar, enavae "antha thavaraana egipthiyavaathigalin adippadaiyil avar kathaapaaththirangalai uruvaakkinaar..."tholainilai unarthalil nibunaththuvam pettra penn tholliyalaalar saaraa paarkak kooriyadhu poal. saagasaththil oru penn tholliyalaalar amelia beepadi mattrum kaanaamal poana nefertity maarpalavu marmam aagiyavai ullana. varnam poosappatta raani 1912 aam aandil, amarnavil unmaiyana agazhvaaraaichchigalukkup piragu pala aandugalil nadaiperukirathu, egypthil agazhvaaraaichchigal iroappiya, ulloor paniyamarththupavargal allathu kollaiyargal mattumae. anaitthu nalla marma naavalkalaip poalavae, nagaichchuvai, thiruppankal mattrum thiruppankal mattrum theerkappatta vazhakkin kanikkakoodiya mudivu ullathu. "michael moaranin "nefertity" enbathu oru varalaattru punaikathai padaippaagum, idhu raani nefertity mattrum avarathu ilaiya chakoothari mudnotjemettin kannoattaththil vaasagarukku vazhikaattukirathu. kadhai thipsil irunththa avarathu kaalaththilirunthu amarnah mattrum agaenaden iranththa piragu kaalavarisaiyaip pinpattrukirathu. nefertity agenaathanin arasavai allathu haraamil thalaimai manaiviyaaga irunthaar. pala varalaattru penn roll maadalgalaaka avar peyaraal nanku ariyappattaalum, avarathu kadhai perumpaalum aanpaal aatchiyaalarkalukku kavanikkappaduvathillai. michael moaran raani mattrum avarathu sagoathariyaip pattriya thanathu kadhaiyai arasiyal ragasiyangkal, appaaviththanaththin izhappu mattrum oru aanathikka samoogaththil penn valimai aagiyavattrudan valaippinnal seikiraar. karpanai allaathathu. "akenadan mattrum nefertity nagaram amarnah mattrum adhan makkal" paari kemp moolam, amarnah endra karuththilirunthu nagaraththai kaividuvathu varai anaiththaiyum vivaathikkirathu. puththagaththirkul kalai, kattidakkalai mattrum nagaram munbu irunthathaip poala (punaramaikkappattathu) ippoathu ullathaip pirathipalikkum padangkal ullana. pandaiya ulagaththai vadivamaiththa nagarangal" endra puththagaththil kemp ezhuthiya oru kurugiya aththiyaayamum idhil ullathu. paththirikkaikal. kadantha aandugalil "thaesiya puviyiyal" mattrum tholliyal katturaigal amarnah, akenadan, dudankamun allathu nefertity pattriya katturaigalai veliyittullana. katturaiyin perumbaguthiyai baperback allathu thaesiya puviyiyal valaiththalaththil kanalaam (tharpoothu miga sameepathiya katturai janavari 2021 ill veliyidappattathu). ooparaa. "agnadan", sattam II, kaatchi 3 ("nagaram") pilip classes moolam agnadanil irunthu agnaadanai uruvaakkuvatharkaana aanaiyai vivarikkirathu. aangkila varigalil, idhu thodarnthu "adivaanaththin nagaram" endru kurippidappadugiradhu.

amarnah amarnah (;) anedi paddenimidava raajavamsam chivari rajadhani nagaram yokka avasheshaalanu kaligi unna vistrutamaina eejiptu puraavastu pradaesam. eee nagaram cree. puu. 1346loe sthaapinchabadindi, idhi faroku akhenaten disalo nirminchabadindi, cree. puu. 1332loe athani maranam taruvaata koddikaalaanike vadiliveyabadindi. puraatana egyptianlu nagaraniki upayoginchina paeru aanglamlo akhetaten ledhaa akhetatan gaa lipyantareekarinchabadindi, dheeni ardham "atten yokka kshitijamu". eee pradaesam nail nadhi thoorpu odduna undhi, idhi nedu eejiptu provins minya. idhi all-minya nagaraniki dakshinaana, eejiptu rajadhani kairoku dakshinaana mariyu vilaasaaniki uttaraana (munupati rajadhani theebs yokka pradaesam) undhi. deer mavas nagaram daani paschimaana neerugaa undhi. amarnaku thoorpu vaipuna aneka aadhunika gramalu unnaayi, veetilo uttaraana ell-till mariyu dakshinaana ell-hugg khandil unnaayi. eee praantamloo karyakalapalu amarnah kaalam nundi taruvaati roman shakam varaku abhivruddhi chendaayi. paeru. amarnah" anae paeru eee praantamloo nivasinchina mariyu konni sthaavaraalanu sthaapinchina beni amran tega nundi vachindi. puraatana eejiptu paeru akhetaten. aangla eejiptu shaastravetta surr zaan gardner wilkinson 1820laloe rendusaarlu amarnanu sandarsinchi, roman-yugapu rachayitalu pliny ("raallapai") mariyu tolemy ("bhougolikam") yokka konnisaarlu viruddhamaina vivaranalanu anusarinchi, daanini alabastronga gurtinchaaru, ayinappatikee athanu gurtimpu gurinchi khachitamgaa teliyakapoyadu mariyu come ell-ahmarnu pratyaamnaaya pradaesamgaa suuchimchaadu. akhetaten nagaram. nagaram yokka praantam samarthavantamgaa oka kanya pradaesam, mariyu eee nagaraanne akhetaten atten yokka "modati sandarbham yokka sthaanam" gaa abhivarninchaadu, athanu daanilo vishraanti teesukoovadaaniki thana kosam tayaaru chesukunnadu. horizone" kosam hyroglyphto raaja vaadii yokka poolika eee nagaranni kanugonna pradaesam anie choopinchi undavacchu. eee nagaram faroku akhenaten yokka kotta rajadhaanigaa nirminchabadindi, idhi attenku thana kotta aaradhana mataaniki ankitam cheyabadindi. ayana paalanalo 5va samvatsaramlo (cree. puu. 1346) ledhaa daani chuttoo nirmaanam praarambhamaindi mariyu bahusha 9va samvatsaram (cree. puu. 1341) natiki puurtayimdi, ayithe idhi rendu samvatsaraala kritam rajadhani nagaramgaa maarindi. nagara nirmaanaanni vegavantam cheyadaaniki chaalaa bhavanalu burada itukatho nirminchabaddaayi, tellati rangu kottukupoyayi. atyanta mukhyamaina bhavanalu sthaanika raatitoe edurugaa undevi. idhi daani antargata pranaalika yokka goppa vivaraalanu samrakshinche ekaika puraatana eejiptu nagaram, endukante akhenaten maranam taruvaata nagaram vidichipettabadindi, akhenaten kumarudu, raaju tutankhamun, nagaranni vidichipetti, thana janmasthalamaina theebs (aadhunika vilaasavantamaina) kuu tirigi raavaalani nirnayinchukunnadu. ayana maraninchina taruvaata oka dasaabdam ledhaa anthakante ekkuva kaalam nagaram churukuga unnatlu telustondi, mariyu horemheb yokka punyakshetram athani paalana praarambhamlo kaneesam paakshikamgaa aakraminchabadindani suuchistumdi, ayithe adhi vaerae chota nirmaana samagri kosam oka muulamgaa matrame. okasari daanini vidichipettina taruvaata, nail anchu venta roman sthaavaram praarambhamayye varaku idhi janavasalu lekunda undipoyindi. ayithe, daani srushti mariyu parityaagam yokka pratyeka paristhitula kaaranamgaa, idhi vaastavaaniki puraatana eejiptu nagaralaku entha praatinidhyam vahistundo prashnaarthakamgaa undhi. nail nadhi thoorpu odduna amarnanu hadavidiga nirminchi, sumaru bhuubhaagam vistiirnamloo nirminchaaru; paschima odduna, nagara janaabhaaku pantalanu andinchadaaniki bhoomini ketaayinchaaru. eejiptu yokka eee kotta rajadhani nagara sthaapana kosam akhenaten yokka paristhitulanu vivarinche mottam 14 sarihaddu staelaelatoe mottam nagaram chuttumuttabadindi. akhenaten yokka kotta nagaram nundi mottamodati thedhee gala stelle "sarihaddu stelle keey" gaa piluvabadutundi, idhi akhenaten paalana yokka samvatsaram 5, IV peret (ledhaa nela 8), roeju 13 naatidi. (asalu 14 sarihaddu stambhaalalo chaalaa varaku chedugaa ksheeninchaayi.) idhi eee nagaram yokka akhenaten punaadi yokka khaataanu samrakshistundi. ikkada aneka devaalayaalanu nirminchaalani, thana kosam, thana pradhana bhaarya nefertity kosam, thana pedda kumarte kosam aneka raaja samaadhulanu nirminchaalani, alaage athanu chanipoyinappudu, atanini khananam kosam tirigi amarnaku teesukuvastaanani athani spashtamaina aadesaanni eee patram namodu chestundi. sarihaddu stella keey amarnah vadda jarupukuntunna sanghatanala vivarananu parichayam chestundih eee grandham appudu akhenaten devata attenku goppa naivedyam arpinchaadani perkontundi, idhi [sandarbham yokka] itivruttam, idhi athanu thana raani mariyu pedda kumarteto kalisi atten kinda arpanalatho nindina balipeetam mundu nilabade steleloni lunetlalo vivarinchabadindi, ayithe adhi atanipai thana sariiraanni daani kiranaalatoe punarujjeevimpajestundi." sait mariyu pranaalika. nail nadhi thoorpu odduna unna eee nagaram yokka sidhilaalu sumaruga uttaram nundi dakshinaana "raaja rahadari" venta veyabaddaayi, ippudu dheenini "sikhet ess-sultan" anie pilustaaru. raaja nivaasaalu saadhaaranamgaa uttaraana, uttara nagaram anie piluvabade, kendra paripalana mariyu mataparamaina praanthamtho mariyu nagaraniki dakshinaana nivaasa shivaaru praantaalatoo roopondinchabaddaayi. uttara nagaram. uttara sarihaddu daatina modati bhavanalu nadhi dwara uttaraana amarnah nagaranni sameepisthe, uttara sarihaddu daatina modati bhavanalu uttara nadhi odduna unna rajabhavanam avtayi. eee bhavanam neeti odduku varaku nadichindi mariyu bahusha raaja kutumbaaniki pradhana nivasamga undedi. uttara nagara praantamloo raaja kutumbam pradhana nivaasamaina uttara rajabhavanam undhi. dheeniki mariyu kendra nagaraniki madhya, uttara shivaaru praantam praarambhamlo pedda illatho sampannamaina praantamgaa undedi, conny inti parimaanam taggindi mariyu vaaru unna rahadari nundi marinta paedagaa maarindi. kendra nagaram. chaalaa mukhyamaina utsava mariyu paripalana bhavanalu kendra nagaramlo undevi. ikkada atten yokka goppa aalayam mariyu chinna atten aalayam mataparamaina kaaryakramaala kosam upayoginchabaddaayi mariyu veeti madhya goppa raajapraasaadam mariyu raaja nivaasam raaju mariyu raaja kutumbam yokka utsava nivaasam, mariyu vantena ledhaa ramp dwara anusandhaninchabaddayi. raaja nivaasam venuka unna beuro off correspondence off faroe, ikkada amarnah aksharalu kanugonabaddayi. eee praantam bahusha puurtayina modati praantam, mariyu kaneesam rendu dasala nirmaanaanni kaligi undhi. dakshina shivaaru praantaalu. nagaraniki dakshinaana unna praantaanni ippudu "dakshina shivaaru praantaalu" anie pilustaaru. indulo nakhtpaten (mukhyamantri), ranefar, panehesi (atten yokka pradhana poojaari) mariyu ramos (gurraala yajamani) thoo sahaa nagaramloni aneka mandhi saktivantamaina prabhuvula estatelu unnaayi. eee praantamloo shilpi thutmos studio kooda undhi, ikkada 1912loe prasiddha nefertity vigraham kanugonabadindi. nagaraniki dakshinaana marinta dhooramlo come ell-naana, oka aavarana, saadhaaranamgaa "suurya-needa" gaa suuchistaaru, mariyu bahusha suurya-aalayamgaa nirminchabadindi., aapai maaru-atten, idhi oka rajabhavanam ledhaa suurya-aalayam, modata akhenaten raani kiah kosam nirminchabadindani bhaavinchaaru, conny aame maranaanantaram aame paeru mariyu chitraalu meritaten, athani kumarteku marchabaddayi. nagara shivaaru. nagaram chuttoo mariyu daani paridhini gurtinche sarihaddu stambham (nail yokka rendu vaipula unna sikharaalapai chekkina raathi yokka deerghachaturasram) nagaram yokka sthaapananu vivaristundi, idhi daani gurinchi praathamika samachara vanaru. nagaram nundi dhooramgaa akhenaten yokka raaja samadhi nagaram yokka thoorpuna unna oka irukaina loyalo praarambhinchabadindi, idhi sikharaalalo daachabadindi. oke oka samadhi puurtayimdi, mariyu paerulaeni raaja bhaarya upayoginchindi, mariyu akhenaten samadhi atanni pattukoovadaaniki tondaragaa upayoginchabadindi mariyu bahusha athani rendava kumarte mcetaten. raaja vaadeeki uttaraana mariyu dakshinaana unna sikharaalalo, nagaramloni prabhuvulu tama samaadhulanu nirminchaaru. praacheena amarnah/akhetaatenlo jeevitam. amarnah sthaapana gurinchi telisina vaatilo chaalaa varaku nagaram yokka chuttukolatanu chuttumutte adhikaarika sarihaddu stelela shrenini (13 telisinavi) samrakshinchadam valla. veetini nail yokka rendu vaipula unna sikharaalalo (thoorpuna 10, paschimaana 3) kattirinchi, sthaapana nundi daani pathanaaniki mundu varaku akhetaten (amarnah) yokka sanghatanalanu namodu chestaaru. theebs nundi amarnaku taralinchadaaniki, akhenatenku sainyam maddatu avasaram. akhenaten pradhana salahaadaarulalo okaraina ayy, eee praantamloo goppa prabhavanni chuupaaru endukante athani tandri yuya oka mukhyamaina sainika nayakudu. adanamgaa, sainyamlo prati okkaroo kalisi perigaaru, vaaru akhenaten tandri aadhvaryamlo eejipt charitralo atyanta dhanika mariyu atyanta vijayavantamaina kaalamlo bhaagamgaa unnaaru, kabatti rankullo vidheyata balamgaa mariyu achamchalamgaa undedi. bahusha murry mukhyamgaa, "idhi oka sainyam, dheeni saamuuhika shrenulu raaju aalaya shilpaalalo, modata thebs vadda mariyu taruvaata amarnah vadda jarupukovadaniki prati avakaasaanni teesukunnadu." mataparamaina jeevitam. akhenaten yokka samskaranalu saadhaaranamgaa oka vidhamaina ekeshwaravaadam vaipu ledhaa bahusha marinta khachitamgaa, ekasvaamyavaadam vaipu kendrikrutamai unnayani nammutaaru, puraavastu aadharalu itara devatalanu kooda gowravinchaayani chuuputaayi, atten cult madhyalo kooda-adhikarikamga kakapoyina, kaneesam akkada nivasinchi panichesina prajalachae. ... akhetaten lone, kemp (2008:41-46) iteevala chesina tavvakam, vyaktigata nammakam yokka saampradaaya rangaaniki chendina devatalu, devatalu mariyu chihnalanu varninche vastuvula unikini choopinchindi. dushtasaktulanu tarimikottina vichitramaina marugujju vyakti, alaage prasavamtho sambandham unna devata-rakshasudu, taveret, paart mosali, paart hippopotamus vanti aneka udaaharanalu kanugonabaddayi. akhetaten vadda unna raaja kaarmikula graamamlo kooda ics mariyu shedku ankitam cheyabadina stela kanugonabadindi (waterson 1984:158 & 208). amarnah kala shaili. amarnah kala-shaili deerghakaalamgaa sthaapinchabadina eejiptu samavesalato vidipoyindi. munupati eejiptu kala yokka kathinamaina aadarsavaada lanchanaprayamga kakunda, idhi daani vishayalanu marinta vaastavikamgaa chithreekarinchindi. veetilo raaja kutumbamlo aapyaayata yokka sannihita chitranalu ledhaa vaari pillalatho aadukovadam vanti anadhikaarika drushyaalu unnaayi, mariyu ikapai streelanu purushula kante telikapati rangulugaa chithreekarinchaledu. kalalo konnisaarlu vyangyachitramtho sarihaddulugaa unde vaastavikata kooda undhi. atten aaraadhananu taruvaata amarnah mataviswaasaalam anie pilichi anachiveyabadinappatiki, eee kalaku marinta shaashwata vaarasatvam undhi. punahshodhana mariyu tavvakam. 18va mariyu 19va sataabdapu tavvakaalu. nail loya gundaa prayaanistunna french jesuit poojaari claud securd 1714loe nagaram gurinchi modati paaschaatya prastaavana chesaaru, amarnah nundi sarihaddu stelaanu vivarinchaaru. egyptulo chaalaa varaku, dheenini nepolian yokka "corps dii savants" 1798-1799 loe sandarsinchaaru, vaaru amarnah yokka modati vivaranaatmaka pataanni siddham chesaaru, idhi taruvaata 1821 mariyu 1830 madhya "discription dii ell 'eejipte" loe prachurinchabadindi. eee european anveshana taruvaata 1824loe surr zaan guardiner wilkinson nagara avasheshaalanu anveshinchi mapp chesinappudu konasaagindi. copyist robbert hay mariyu athani surveyor zii. lawar aaa praantaanni sandarsinchi, isuka pravaahaala nundi aneka dakshina samaadhulanu velikiteesi, 1833loe upasamanaalanu namodu chesindi. endugaddi mariyu lawar chesina kaapeelu ekkuvagaa british librarylo prachurinchabadaledu, akkada vaati sthaanaalanu gurtinchadaaniki konasagutunna project jarugutondi. richard lepsius netrutvamloni prashyan dandayaatra 1843 mariyu 1845loe eee pradaesaanni sandarsinchindi, mariyu mottam pannendu rojulalo rendu ververu sandarsanalalo amarnah yokka drushya smaaraka chihnalu mariyu sthalaakrutini namodu chesindi, draayinglu mariyu kaagitam pindi upayoginchi. 1849 mariyu 1913 madhya nagaramloni merugaina patamtho sahaa, phalitaalu chivariki "denkmaller aus egypten anda ethiopian" loe prachurinchabaddaayi. khachitatvamlo kontha parimitamgaa unnappatikee, chekkina "denkler" palakalu panditya ghnaanam mariyu private samaadhulalo mariyu migilina sataabdamloo konni sarihaddu sthambhaalalo aneka drushyaalu mariyu saasanaala vivaranaku aadharam ayyayi. eee prarambha anveshakula brundaalu chesina recordulu apaaramaina praamukhyatanu kaligi unnaayi, endukante veetilo chaalaa avasheshaalu taruvaata naasanam cheyabaddaayi ledhaa kolpoyayi. amarnah aksharalu. 1887loe, "sebakh" kosam travvina oka sthaanika mahila 300 kii paiga cuniform maatrala (ippudu saadhaaranamgaa amarnah aksharalu anie pilustaaru) kaashnu velikiteesindi. eee palakalu faroe yokka empika chesina dautya sambandhaalanu namodu chesaayi mariyu pradhanamgaa acadian bhaashalo vrayabaddayi, idhi saadhaaranamgaa puraatana thoorpu sameepamlo kaamsya yugam chivarilo ituvanti samachara marpidi kosam upayoginche "lingwa franca". eee aavishkarana sait yokka praamukhyatanu gurtinchadaaniki daariteesindi, mariyu anveshanhalo marinta perugudalaku daariteesindi. raaju samadhi tavvakam. 1891 mariyu 1892 madhya alessandro barasanti raaju samadhini kanugoni, daanini tolaginchaaru (idhi bahusha 1880 nundi sthaanika janaabhaaku telisinappatikii). adhe samayamlo surr flinders petri amarnalo oka season kosam panicheesaaru, eejipt anveshana nidhi nundi swatantramgaa panicheesaaru. athanu pradhanamgaa kendra nagaramlo tavvakam chesi, atten yokka goppa aalayam, goppa adhikaarika rajabhavanam, raaju illu, faroe yokka correspondence beuro mariyu aneka private illanu parisoedhimchaadu. tarachugaa oka sandage kante konchem ekkuva mottamlo unnappatikee, petri yokka tavvakaalalo adanapu cuniform maatralu, aneka gaaju karmagarala avasheshaalu mariyu rajabhavanam chettha kuppalanu (mycenian sherdlatho sahaa) tolaginchadamlo pedda mottamlo visarjinchina fines, gaaju mariyu syramic kanugonabaddayi. thana phalitaalanu mariyu punarnirmaanaalanu vaegamgaa prachurinchadam dwara, petri sait yokka saamardhyampai marinta aasaktini prerepinchagaligaadu. 20va sataabdapu tavvakaalu. 1903 nundi 1908 varaku amarnah nundi vyaktigata samadhulu mariyu sarihaddu stambhaala yokka geesina mariyu chaayaachitra vivaranalanu copyist mariyu kalakarudu norman dii garris davis prachurinchaaru. eee pustakaalanu 2006loe ees tirigi prachurinchindi. 20va sataabdam prarambha samvatsaraallo (1907 nundi 1914 varaku) ludwig borchard netrutvamloni dutesh orienteselschaft yaatra, nagaramloni uttara mariyu dakshina shivaaru praantaalalo vistrutamgaa tavvakam jarigindi. ippudu berlin yokka egyptisches museumlo unna prasiddha nefertity vigraham, shilpi thutmos varkshaaplo itara shilpa kalakhandala kanugonabadindi. 1914 augustulo modati prapancha yuddham praarambhamaina taruvaata german tavvakaalu mugisai. 1921 nundi 1936 varaku eejiptu anveshana sangham yaatra tii disalo amarnah vadda tavvakaalaku tirigi vachindi.ii. peat, surr leonard wooley, henry frankfort, steffen glanville mariyu zaan pendlebury. maerii chub diggs administratorga panicheesaaru. punaruddharinchabadina parisoedhanalu mataparamaina mariyu raaja nirmaanaalapai drushti saarinchaayi. 1960laloe eejiptu puraatana vastuvula samstha (ippudu eejiptu atyunnata puraatana vastuvula mandali) amarnah vadda aneka tavvakaalanu chepattindi. 21va sataabdapu tavvakaalu. prastutam barrie kemp (egyptologylo emeritus professor, university off cambridge, ingland) (2006 varaku, eejipt anveshana samajam aadhvaryamlo mariyu ippudu egyptutho) aadhvaryamlo nagaram yokka anveshana konasagutondi. 1980loe geophrey martin netrutvamloni oka pratyeka yaatra raaja samadhi nundi upasamanaalanu vivarinchi, coppy chesi, taruvaata daani phalitaalanu samadhi nundi vachinatlu bhaavinche vastuvulatoe kalisi prachurinchindi. eee panini es 2 samputaalalo prachurinchindi. 2005 nundi 2013 varaku, amarnah project prabhuvula dakshina samaadhulaku sameepamlo unna private vyaktula smasaanavaatikalo tavvabadindi. medialo. kalpita. "prasiddha elizabeth peters raasina "dhi paint queen".keey.2013loe rachayita maraninchina taruvaata amelia peebody navalalaku barbara mertz anedi iteevali vidata. elizabeth peters paatasaalalo sikshana pondina puraavastu shaastravetta, conny aame purusha sahacharulu oka mahila puraavastu shaastravetta kaadani oppinchaaru, kabatti "aame aaa streedvesha eejiptu saastravettala aadhaaramgaa paatralanu srushtinchindi..."remot sensinglo pratyekata kaligina mahilaa puraavastu shaastravetta saaraa parcock paerkonnatlugaa. saahasamlo mahilaa puraavastu shaastravetta amelia peebody mariyu tappipoyina nefertity vigraham yokka rahasyam unnaayi. paint chesina raani 1912loe amarnah vadda vaastava tavvakaala tarvaata chaalaa samvatsaraalalo jarugutundi, egyptulo tavvakaalu european, sthaanika addedaarulu ledhaa dopideedaarulu matrame. anni manchi rahasya navalala maadirigaane, haasyam, malupulu mariyu malupulu mariyu parishkarinchabadina kesuku oohinchadagina mugimpu untundi. "maikhel moran rachinchina "nefertity" anedi oka chaaritraka kalpita rachana, idhi raani nefertity mariyu aame chellelu mutnodgemet drukpatham nundi paatakudiki maarganirdesam chestundi. eee katha aame kaalam nundi thebs nundi amarnah varaku mariyu akhenaten maranam taruvaata kalakramanni anusaristundi. akhenaten yokka aasthaanamlo ledhaa haramlo nefertity pradhana bhaarya. aame paerutoe baga telisinappatikii, aneka chaaritraka mahilaa roll modalsga, aame katha tarachugaa purusha palakulaku vismarinchabadutundi. michel moran raani mariyu aame sodari gurinchi aame kathanu raajakeeya rahasyalu, amaayakatvam kolpovadam mariyu pitruswamya samaajamlo stree balam thoo weblo unchaaru. kaalpanikam kaadu. "akhenaten mariyu nefertity nagaram amarnah mariyu daani prajalu", barrie kemp dwara, amarnah bhavana nundi nagaranni vidichipettadam varaku pratidee charchistundi. eee pustakamlo kala, vaastusilpam mariyu nagaram elaa unnayo (punarnirminchabadindi) mariyu ippudu unnayo pradarsinche chitraalu unnaayi. puraatana prapanchaanni roopondinchina nagaralu" anae pustakamlo kemp raasina chinna adhyayam kooda undhi. patrikalu. gatha samvatsaraallo "jaateeya bhougolika" mariyu puraavastu kathanaalu amarnah, akhenaten, tutankhamun ledhaa nefertitypy kathanaalanu prachurinchaayi. chaalaa varaku kathanaanni paperback ledhaa jaateeya bhougolika website rendintiloonuu chudavachu (prastutam iteevali vyaasam janavari 2021loe prachurinchabadindi). opera. "phillip glass rachinchina "akhnaten", chattam II, drushyam 3 ("nagaram") akhetatennu nirminchadaaniki akhenaten nundi aadesaanni vivaristundi. aangla panktulalo, dheenini sthiramgaa "kshitija nagaram" gaa suuchistaaru.

amarna amarna (vovo) eek wasee masri aasaar qadimah kaa maqaam hay jiss mein utharahwein khaandaan kay aakhir mein darulhukumat kii baqiyat mojud haine. yaha shehar 1346 qabal maseeh mein qayem kiyaa gayaa thaa jasay faraun akhinatan kii samat mein banaya gayaa thaa aur 1332 qabal maseeh mein iss kii moth kay foraa baad asay chhod diyaa gayaa thaa. wah naam juu qadeem masri shehar kay liye istemaal kartay thay angrezi mein akhitatan yaa akhitatan kay toor parr nql kiyaa jaataa hay jiss kaa matlab hay "attine kaa afq". yaha maqaam daryaae neel kay mashriqi kinaray parr hay jiss mein aaj misar kaa subah manya hay. yaha ill-manya shehar kay janub mein misar kay darulhukumat kiro kay janub mein aur eish woo aaraam (pachlay darulhukumat theebs kaa maqaam) kay shamaal mein hay. deer maawas kaa shehar iss kay maghrab mein waaqa hay. amarna kay mashriq kii taraf kayee jadeed gaaon haine jinn kay sarbarah shamaal mein eel-tail aur janub mein alhag qandil haine. khatay mein sargarmiyan amarna door say lay kirr baad kay roomi door takk parwaan chadhi. naam. amarna" kaa naam beeni amraan qabeelay say aayaa hay juu iss khatay mein rehta thaa aur iss nay chand bastiyan qayem kein. qadeem masri naam akhiyatatin thaa. angrez maahir masri sarr jaan gardner walkansan nay 1820 kii dahayi mein duu baar amarna kaa dorah kiyaa aur roman door kay masnafeen plainy ("pathron parr") aur tolimi ("geografiya") kii baaz auqaat mutzad wazahaton kay baad asay albastron kay toor parr shanakhat kiyaa halankah wah shanakhat kay baaray mein yaqeeni nahein thay aur inhon nay koom almahaar kuu muthbadil maqaam kay toor parr tajweez kiyaa. akhitateen kaa shehar. shehar kaa elaqah moasir tareeqe say eek kunwari jagah thee aur yaha wah shehar thaa jasay akhitatan nay ateen kii "pehli moqaa kii nashast jasay iss nay apnay liye banaya thaa taakah wah iss mein aaraam kirr sakay" kay toor parr biyaan kiyaa. yaha how saktaa hay kahh shaahi waadi kii "afq" kay liye hyroglafe say mashabahat say zahir hotaa hay kahh yaha wah jagah thee jehaan shehar paaya gayaa thaa. yaha shehar faraun akhinatan kay nayey darulhukumat kay toor parr banaya gayaa thaa juu iss kay nayey mazhab ibadat kay liye waqaf thaa. tameer iss kay door hukumat kay 5 saal (1346 qabal maseeh) mein yaa iss kay aas paas sharoo hoyee aur ghaliba 9 saal (1341 qabal maseeh) takk makmal how gayee halankah yaha duu saal pehley darulhukumat bunn gayaa thaa. shehar kii tameer kuu teez karnay kay liye ziyadah tarr emaratein mutty kii ainton say banayi gayee thein aur safed dhol say dhoyee gayee thein. sabb say aham emaraton kaa saamna maqami pathar say thaa. yaha waahid qadeem masri shehar hay juu apnay androni mansubay kii bury tafsilaat kuu mahfuz rakhta hay baday hasay mein keunkah shehar kuu akhinatan kii moth kay baad turk kirr diyaa gayaa thaa jabb akhinatan kay betay baadshah totankhaman nay shehar chhodnay aur theebs (jadeed eish woo ashrat) mein apnee jaaye paidaish parr waps jaanay kaa faislah kiyaa. aisa lagtaa hay kahh yaha shehar inn kii moth kay baad eek dahayi yaa iss say ziyadah arsey takk faal rehaa aur horimheb kaa eek mazaar iss baath kii nishandahi kartaa hay kahh iss kay door hukumat kay aaghaz mein yaha kumm az kumm jazwi toor parr qaabiz thaa agar sarf kahein aur tamirati mawaad kay zariah kay toor parr. eek baar jabb asay turk kirr diyaa gayaa tuu yaha neel kay kinaray parr roman aabaad kaaree sharoo honay takk ghair aabaad rehaa. tahim iss kii takhliq aur turk karnay kay manfard halaat kii wajah say yaha qaabil aiteraz hay kahh yaha asl mein qadeem masri shehron kii numaindagi kartaa hay. amarna kuu jald baazi mein tameer kiyaa gayaa aur neel nadee kay mashriqi kinaray parr taqriba eek elaqay kaa ahatah kiyaa gayaa. maghrabi kinaray parr shehar kii aabadi kay liye faslein farahim karnay kay liye zameen alg rakhee gayee thee. misar kay iss nayey darulhukumat kay qayaam kay liye akhinatan kay halaat kii tafsil deetay hoay poraa shehar kill 14 boundry steeli say gharaa hawaa thaa. akhinatan kay nayey shehar say qadeem tareen tareekh kaa steel "boundry steel kay" kay toor parr jaana jaataa hay juu kahh akhinatan kay door hukumat kay saal 5yee IV pariot (yaa mahinah 8)yee dunn 13 kaa hay. (asl 14 boundry steelon mein say ziyadah tarr bury tarah khatam how chakay haine.) iss mein akhinatan kii iss shehar kii bunyaad kaa biyaan mahfuz hay. dastaviz mein faraunan kii khwahish kuu darj kiyaa gayaa hay kahh yahaan atee kay kayee mandar tameer kiye jayein taakah apnay liyay iss kii cheef bewi nefertiti aur iss kii sabb say bury betty mertin kay liye mashriqi pahadiyon mein kayee shaahi maqbaray banaye jayein aur saath hyee iss kaa waazah hakam bhee kahh jabb wah marr jaaye gaa tuu asay tadfin kay liye waps amarna laaya jaaye gaa. boundry steela kay inn waaqiaat kii tafsil paish kartaa hay juu amarna mein manaye jaa rahay thay: iss mutan mein mazeed kahaa gayaa hay kahh akhinatan nay devta ateen kuu eek azeem qurbani dee thee aur yaha [iss moqaa kaa] mozua hay juu steeli kay qamri mein dikhaya gayaa hay jehaan wah apnee malkah aur sabb say bury betty kay saath eek qurban gaah kay saamney khadaa hay jiss kay neechey qurbaniyon kay daheer haine jabb kahh yaha iss parr chamakta hay juu iss kay jasm kuu apnee karnon say zindah kartaa hay." saait aur mansubah bundi. neel kay mashriqi kinaray parr waaqa shehar kay khandraat taqriba shamaal say janub mein eek "shaahi sadak" kay saath rakhay gayey haine jasay abb "sikheet aiss sultan" kahaa jaataa hay. shaahi rehaish gaahein aam toor parr shamaal mein hoti haine jasay shamali shehar kay naam say jaana jaataa hay markazi intezamiya aur mazhabi elaqay kay saath aur shehar kaa janub rehaishi mazafat parr mushtamil hay. shamali shehar. agar koyee daryaa kay raastay shamaal say amarna shehar takk pahunchta hay tuu shamali sarhad kay steel say guzarnay waali pehli emaratein shamali daryaa kay kinaray kaa mahal hogi. yaha emarat waater frunt takk jaati thee aur mamkanah toor parr shaahi khaandaan kii markazi rehaish gaah thee. shamali shehar kay elaqay mein waaqa shamali mahal shaahi khaandaan kii aham rehaish gaah hay. iss aur markazi shehar kay darmiyan shamali mazafati elaqah ibtadayi toor parr baday gharoon kay saath eek khushhaal elaqah thaa leakin gahar kaa size kumm hotaa gayaa aur sadak say aagay gharib hotaa gayaa. markazi shehar. ziyadah tarr aham rasmi aur intezami emaratein markazi shehar mein waaqa thein. yahaan auteen kaa azeem mandar aur chhota auteen mandar mazhabi taqribaat kay liye istemaal hotaa thaa aur inn kay darmiyan azeem shaahi mahal aur shaahi rehaish gaah baadshah aur shaahi khaandaan kii rasmi rehaish gaah thee aur eek pull yaa remp say jadee hoyee thee. shaahi rehaish gaah kay peeche faraun kaa khath woo kitaabat kaa beuro thaa jehaan say amarna kay khatut milay thay. yaha elaqah shayed makmal honay waala pehla elaqah thaa aur iss kii tameer kay kumm az kumm duu marahil thay. janubi mazafat. shehar kay janub mein wah elaqah thaa jasay abb "janubi mazafat" kahaa jaataa hay. iss mein shehar kay behat say taqatwar amraa kii jayedadein thein jinn mein nakhtapatin (wazeer aalee)yee ranfar painhesi (aitan kaa sardaar pajaari)yee aur ramos (ghodon kaa maalik) shaamil thay. iss elaqay mein mujasmah saaz thutmos kaa studio bhee thaa jehaan 1912 mein nefertity kaa mashhur mujasmah milaa thaa. shehar kay mazeed janub mein kaam alnana thaa eek gahira jasay aam toor parr "soraj kii saayah" kahaa jaataa hay aur shayed soraj kay mandar kay toor parr banaya gayaa thaa.yee aur phir maaru-attan juu kahh eek mahal yaa soraj mandar thaa juu asl mein khayaal kiyaa jaataa thaa kahh akhinatan kii malkah kiyaa kay liye tameer kiyaa gayaa thaa leakin iss kii moth parr iss kaa naam aur tasavir badal kirr meertan iss kii betty kirr dee gayein. shehar kay mazafat. shehar kay ard gird aur iss kii wasaat kuu nashaan zad kartay huay boundry steeli (neel kay donon taraf chatanon parr khady hoyee chataan kaa eek mustatil) juu shehar kii bunyaad kuu biyaan kartaa hay iss kay baaray mein malumat kaa eek bunyadi zariah hay. shehar say door shehar kay mashriq mein eek tung waadi mein chatanon mein chhapay huay akhinatan kaa shaahi maqbarah sharoo kiyaa gayaa thaa. sarf eek maqbarah makmal hawaa aur asay eek namalum shaahi bewi nay istemaal kiyaa aur akhinatan kay maqbaray kuu jald baazi mein asay pakadnay kay liye istemaal kiyaa gayaa aur mamkanah toor parr iss kii dosri betty mikitatan. shaahi waadi kay shamaal aur janub mein chatanon mein shehar kay amraa nay apnay maqbaray tameer kiye. qadeem amarna/akhitateen mein zindagi. amarna kii bunyaad kay baaray mein juu kachh malum hay iss kii wajah shehar kay dairay mein brung karnay waalay sarkaari boundry steel (13 maruf haine) kay silsilay kay tahfuz kii wajah say hay. inhein neel kay donon taraf kii chatanon mein kaataa jaataa hay (mashriq mein 10yee maghrab mein 3) aur akhitatan (amarna) kay qayaam say lay kirr iss kay garnay say theek pehley takk kay waaqiaat kuu record kiyaa jaataa hay. theebs say amarna kii taraf badhnay kay liyay akhinatan kuu foj kii himayat kii zarurat thee. aakhinatan kay aham masheeron mein say aike aayey nay iss elaqay mein behat asar woo rasokh kaa mazahirah kiyaa keunkah iss kay waalid yoya eek aham foji rehnuma thay. mazeed baraan foj mein harr koyee eek saath plaa badhaa thaa wah akhinatan kay waalid kay door mein misar kii tareekh kay sabb say ameer aur kamiyab door kaa hasah rahay thay iss liye safon kay darmiyan wafadari mazboot aur ghair mutzilzal thee. shayed sabb say aham baath yaha thee kahh "yaha eek aisi foj thee jiss kay baday paimanay parr ahday daar baadshah mandar kay nqsh woo nigaar mein jashan mananay kaa harr moqaa leetay thay pehley theebs mein aur baad mein amarna mein." mazhabi zindagi. agarcha aam toor parr khayaal kiyaa jaataa hay kahh akhinatan kii aslahaat eek qasm kii yakk devtayat yaa shayed ziyadah darsat tareeqe say yakk devtayat kii taraf maail thein aasaar qadimah kay shawahid say patah chalta hay kahh dosray dewataon kuu bhee ehteram kiyaa jaataa thaa yahaan takk kahh aeton farqay kay markaz mein-agar sarkaari toor parr nahein tuu kumm az kumm inn logon kay zariah juu wahaan rehtay thay aur kaam kartay thay. ... khood akhitateen mein camp kii taraf say haaliyah khidayi (2008:41-46) mein aisi ashyaa kii maujudgi dikhayi gayee hay juu dewataon dewi aur alamaton kuu zahir karti haine juu zaati aqeede kay rawayati shobay say taaluq rakhti haine. bees kii behat see misalein ajeeb woo gharib bonay shaqsiyat jiss nay bury rohon kuu door kiyaa kay saath saath dewi roctious towert jazwi magarmach jazwi hypotamus kii bhee behat see misalein milly haine juu bachay kii paidaish say waabistah thee. akhitatan kay shaahi karkanon kay gaaon mein bhee aayee aiss aayee aiss aur sheed kay liye waqaf steelay driyafat kiyaa gayaa hay (waterson 1984:158 aur 208). amarna aart style. amarna aart style taweel arsey say qayem masri conventions kay saath toot gayaa. pachlay masri funn kii sakht misali rasm woo rawaj kay barakas iss nay apnay mazamin kuu ziyadah haqeeqat pasandanah toor parr paish kiyaa. inn mein ghair rasmi munazir shaamil thay jeesay shaahi khaandaan kay andar pyaar kii mubashirat kii tasveer kashee yaa apnay bachon kay saath khailna aur abb khwatin kuu mardon say halkay rung kay toor parr paish nahein kiyaa gayaa. iss funn mein eek haqeeqat pasandi bhee thee juu kabhi kabhi khaakah saazi say milti hay. agarcha baad mein aitan kii ibadat kuu amarna kii bay harmati kahaa gayaa aur dabaa diyaa gayaa leakin iss funn kii eek ziyadah derpa miraas thee. dobarah driyafat aur khidayi. 18 wein aur 19 wein sadee kii khidayi. shehar kaa pehla maghrabi zakar 1714 mein francisi jaisot paadri claud secred nay kiyaa thaa juu neel waadi say guzar rahay thay aur inhon nay amarna say boundry steela kuu biyaan kiyaa thaa. misar kay beshtar hasoon kii tarah iss kaa dorah napoleen kay "coor ddee savents" nay 1798-1799 mein kiyaa thaa jiss nay amarna kaa pehla tafsili nqsha tayaar kiyaa juu baad mein 1821 aur 1830 kay darmiyan "decression ddee eel aijpatay" mein shaye hawaa. iss kay baad 1824 mein europi talaash jaari rahee jabb sarr jaan guardiner walkansan nay shehar kii baqiyat kii talaash aur nqsha saazi kii. copest raabart hyee aur iss kay sarwer jee. leaver nay elaqay kaa dorah kiyaa aur reet kay bahao say kayee janubi qabron kuu bay nqab kiyaa 1833 mein nqsh woo nigaar kuu record kiyaa. gahaas aur laur kii banayi hoyee kaapiyan bury hadd takk bartanvi library mein ghair shaye haine jehaan inn kay maqamat kii shanakhat kay liye eek jaari mansubah jaari hay. richard lapsees kii qayadat mein rosee muham nay 1843 aur 1845 mein iss jagah kaa dorah kiyaa aur kill baarah dunon mein duu alg alg dooron mein drying aur kaghiz kay nichod kaa istemaal kartay huay amarna kii maryee yaadgaaron aur tapography kuu record kiyaa. nataij balaakhir 1849 aur 1913 kay darmiyan "denkamler aas ageptin aind aithopian" mein shaye huay jiss mein shehar kaa behatar nqsha bhee shaamil thaa. darastagi mein kachh hadd takk mahdud honay kay bawajood kandah shadah "denkamler" platein baaqi sadee kay liye najee qabron aur kachh boundry steel mein mojud behat say munazir aur naushtah jaat kay elmi alam aur tashrih kii bunyaad bunn gayein. inn ibtadayi explorer teamon kay zariye banaye gayey record bay panah ahmiyat kay haamil haine keunkah inn mein say behat see baqiyat baad mein tabaah how gayein yaa basurat deegar gumm how gayein. amarna kay khatut. 1887 mein "sibakh" kay liye khidayi karnay waali eek maqami khaatun nay 300 say ziyadah coniform goliyon (abb aam toor parr amarna haroof kay naam say jaana jaataa hay) kaa eek zakhirah driyafat kiyaa. inn takhtiyon mein faraunan kay muntakhib sfarti khath woo kitaabat kuu darj kiyaa gayaa thaa aur yaha bunyadi toor parr akaadi zabaan mein likhay gayey thay juu kahh "langwa franka" hay juu aam toor parr qadeem mashriq qareeb kay kaansi kay door kay aakhir mein iss tarah kay mawasilat kay liye istemaal hotaa thaa. iss driyafat say iss jagah kii ahmiyat kuu tasleem kiyaa gayaa aur iss kii talaash mein mazeed izafah hawaa. baadshah kay maqbaray kii khidayi. 1891 aur 1892 kay darmiyan alessandro barcenty nay baadshah kay maqbaray kuu driyafat kiyaa aur asay saaf kiyaa (halankah yaha shayed maqami aabadi kuu 1880 kay qareeb say malum thaa). taqriba asee waqat sarr flanders petri nay misar kay exploration fund say aazadana toor parr kaam kartay hoay amarna mein eek seezan kay liye kaam kiyaa. iss nay bunyadi toor parr markazi shehar mein khidayi kii jiss mein aatan kay azeem mandar azeem sarkaari mahal baadshah kay gahar faraun kay khath woo kitaabat kay beuro aur kayee najee gharoon kii tehqiqat kii gayein. agarcha aksar yaha raqam eek sundage say thodi ziyadah hoti hay leakin petri kii khidayi say izaafi coniform goliyan sheeshe kii kayee factoriyon kii baqiyat aur mahal kay kachray kay daheer (bashmol mycenine shareds) kii chhaan beenn mein bury maqdar mein phaink dee gayee fines shishah aur seramic kaa patah chalaa. apnay nataij aur tameer noow kuu teezi say shaye karkay petri saait kii salahiyat mein mazeed dilchaspi paida karnay mein kamiyab rehaa. 20 wein sadee kii khidayi. copest aur artist naarman ddee gaars ddioz nay 1903 say 1908 takk amarna say najee qabron aur boundry steel kii tayaar kardah aur foto girafi kii tafsil shaye kii. inn kitaabon kuu 2006 mein ayee ayee aiss nay dobarah shaye kiyaa. 20 wein sadee kay ibtadayi saalon (1907 say 1914) mein doiche orientage selshaft muham jiss kii qayadat ladweg borchard nay kii nay shehar kay shamali aur janubi mazafat mein baday paimanay parr khidayi kii. nefertity kaa mashhur mujasmah juu abb barlan kay masri ajayeb gahar mein hay mujasmah saaz thutmos kii workshop mein deegar mujasmah saazi kay nawadraat kay darmiyan driyafat hawaa. agast 1914 mein pehli jung azeem kay aaghaz nay german khidayi kuu khatam kirr diyaa. 1921 say 1936 takk misar kii exploration society kii muham tye kii hidayat parr amarna mein khidayi kay liye waps aayee.ayee. paitt sarr leonard onee hunry frankfort stephan gulaan will aur jaan pendlebry. meeri chabb nay diggs administrator kay toor parr kaam kiyaa. nayee tehqiqat mazhabi aur shaahi dahanchon parr markoz thein. 1960 kii dahayi kay doraan masri nawadraat kii tanzim (abb masri nawadraat kii aalee konsal) nay amarna mein mutadid khidayi kii. akiswein sadee kii khidayi. shehar kii talaash aaj takk jaari hay phee alhaal barry camp (masri science mein emerates professor camberge university england) kii hidayat parr (2006 takk misar exploration society kay zirahatmam aur abb iss kay saath). 1980 mein jeofree maartan kii qayadat mein eek alaihdah muham nay shaahi maqbaray say nqsh woo nigaar kuu biyaan aur nql kiyaa baad mein iss kay nataij kuu inn ashyaa kay saath shaye kiyaa jinn kay baaray mein khayaal kiyaa jaataa hay kahh wah maqbaray say aayey haine. yaha kaam ayee ayee aiss kay zariah 2 jaldon mein shaye kiyaa gayaa thaa. 2005 say 2013 takk amarna project nay amraa kay janubi qabron kay qareeb najee afraad kay qabristan mein khidayi kii. mediya mein. afsanvi. "mashhur alzabth patters kii likhee hoyee "paint shadah malkah".kay.2013 mein masnaf kay inteqal kay baad eek barbra meertz ameliya paibodi naawalon kii taazah tareen qast hay. alzabth patters eek school kii tarbiyat yaaftah maahir aasaar qadimah thein leakin inn kay mard saathiyon nay inhein qayel kiyaa kahh eek aurat kuu maahir aasaar qadimah nahein honaa chahiye iss liye "inhon nay inn khwatin mukhalif masriyon kii bunyaad parr kirdaar takhliq kiye..."jaisa kahh saaraah parcock nay kahaa hay eek khaatun maahir aasaar qadimah juu remot sensing mein maharat rakhti hay. adventure mein eek khaatun maahir aasaar qadimah ameliya paibodi aur nefertity kay laaptah mujasme kaa israar dikhaya gayaa hay. paint kii gayee malkah 1912 mein amarna mein asl khidayi kay kayee saal baad hoti hay jabb misar mein khidayi sarf europi maqami karayah parr leenay waalay yaa loat maar karnay waalay hotay haine. tamaam achhay israar naawalon kii tarah mazaah moad aur moad hotay haine aur hall shadah kees kaa eek matuqa ikhtatam hotaa hay. "masheel moraan kaa "nefertity" eek tarikhi afsanvi kaam hay juu qaareen kuu malkah nefertity aur iss kii chhoti behan matnudjamiyat kay naqtah nazar say rehnumayi kartaa hay. yaha kahaani theebs mein iss kay waqat say lay kirr amarna aur akhinatan kii moth kay baad kay tyme line kii peervi karti hay. nafartiti akhinatan kay darbaar yaa harm mein cheef bewi thee. agarcha wah naam say mashhur haine behat see tarikhi khwatin roll maadal kay toor parr iss kii kahaani kuu aksar mardanah hukmaranon kay liye nazar andaaz kirr diyaa jaataa hay. masheel moraan malkah aur iss kii behan kii apnee kahaani kuu seyasi raazon bay gunahi kay nqsan aur padranah muashiray mein khwatin kii taaqat kay saath waib karti haine. ghair afsanvi. "barry camp kay zariah "akhinatin aur nefertity kaa shehar: amarna aur iss kay loag"yee amarna kay tasavur say lay kirr shehar kay turk honay takk harr cheez parr tabadlah khayaal kartaa hay. kitaab kay andar aisi tasavir haine juu funn funn tameer aur shehar kuu zahir karti haine jaisa kahh yaha pehley (dobarah tameer shadah) thaa aur abb bhee hay. iss mein camp kaa likhaa hawaa eek mukhtasir baab bhee hay juu "qadeem duniya kii tashkil karnay waalay shehar" naami kitaab mein hay. rasalay. pachlay saalon mein "qomi geografiyayi" aur aasaar qadimah kay mazamin nay amarna akhinatan totankhaman yaa nefertity parr mazamin shaye kiye haine. ziyadah tarr mazmun peepar beek yaa qomi geografiyayi waib saait donon parr paaya jaa saktaa hay (phee alhaal sabb say haaliyah mazmun januri 2021 mein shaye hawaa thaa). opera. "akhnatin"yee aikat IIyee manzar 3 ("shehar") flip glaas kii taraf say akhinatin say akhatatin bananay kay mendate kuu biyaan kartaa hay. angrezi linon mein asay mustaqil toor parr "afq kaa shehar" kahaa jaataa hay.

000245561c630c31c2d24932f95c9897f921aa2a76a3ce5bf5387543c58d19e3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=30577322

Celebrate – The Night of the Warlock

Celebrate – The Night of the Warlock Celebrate – The Night of the Warlock is an EP by German female hard rock singer Doro Pesch, released in 2008 through AFM Records. The EP preceded of a few months the album "Fear No Evil" and includes three versions of the song "Celebrate". In the single version of the song the chorus is provided by a group of Doro fans, while the other two contain in the chorus the vocal performances of Saxon's frontman Biff Byford and of many female heavy metal singers. The song itself is a new collaboration of Doro with the old Warlock producer Joey Balin and is meant to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Doro's career. The EP reached position No. 75 in the German single chart. References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

udjapon korok-juddhor nixa udjapon korok-dyo night owo dyo warolok hoise german mohila hard rok gayok doru pesor ek ep, jitu 2008 sonot e. ef. em. recordor joriyote mukoli koraa hoisil. ei elbamtur keimahmanor purbe "bhoy nokoribo" elbamtur tinita xongskoron "udjapon" gittur ontorbhukto koraa hoisil. gittur ekok xongoskoronot doru onuragixokolor etaa dole kuras prodan kore, aanhate aan dutat kurastut sexonor frontman bif biford aaru bohutu mohila havy metal gayokor kontho prodorxon thaake. ei gittu nijei hoise dorur puroni warolok projujok juye balinor xoite ek notun xohojugita aaru ee dorur karrier 25 xongkhyok barxiki udjapon koriboloi nirmito. ee. pi.-ye sthiti nong-too uponeet hoisil. german ekok chartot 75.

udjapon korun-juddher raat udjapon-dya night off dya worlock german mohila hard rock gayak doro pesher ekti epp, jaa 2008 saale afm recorder madhyome mukti paay. koyek maas agey albumty "bhoy nei" ebong "udjapon" gaaner tinti sanskaran antarbhukta korey. gaaner ekok sangaskarane doro bhoktoder ekti doll corus sarbaraha korey, onno dutite saxoner frontman biff biford ebong onek mohila heavy metal gayoker kanthaswar royeche. ganti nijei purano worlock projojok joyi balin-err saathe doro-rawr ekti notun sahojogita ebong etty doro-err kormojiboner kormojiboner barshiki udjapon korar uddeshye koraa hoyeche. ep abosthan nong-ayee poucheche. german ekok charte 75.

ujavani-yuddhni raat celebrate-dhaa night off dhaa warlock aee german maheela haard roqa gaayak doro pesha dwara 2008 maan afm records dwara rajoo karaayel aek app chhe. thodaa maheenao pahelaa album "koee dushtatathi darasho nahee" aneey temaa "ujavani" gitanaa trana sanskaranono samaavesh thaay chhe. gitanaa aek jaj sanskaranma corus doro chaahakona jooth dwara pradaan karvaamaa aave chhe, jyaare anya beey samoohgitma sexonnaa frontman biff biford aneey ghanee maheela havy metal gaayakona gaayan pradarshanno samaavesh thaay chhe. aaa geet pote jaj junaa warlock nirmata joy baleen saathe doronu navoo sahyog chhe aneey teey doroni karkidrini karkidrini varshgaanthni ujavani karvaa maate chhe. ee. pii. sthitee nann. german single chartma 75.

jashn manaaen-yuddh kii raat jashn-dha night off dha warlock german mahila haard rock gayika doro pesh dwara 2008 mein aeye. aff. aim. record key madhyam seey jaari kiya gayaa ack ee. pee. haye. kuchh maheenon seey pahale album "koee burai naheen dartaa" aur isamen "jashn manaane" geet key teen sanskaran shamil hain. geet key ekal sanskaran mein corus doro prashansakon key ack samooh dwara pradaan kiya jaataa haye, jabaki anya dou mein corus mein saxon key frontman biff biford aur kaee mahila havy metal gayakon key mukhar pradarshan shamil hain. yeh geet puraane warlock nirmaata joy balin key saath doro kaa ack nayaa sahyog haye aur doro key currier kii 25veen varshgaanth manaane key liye haye. ee. pee. sthiti nam. taka pahunch gayaa. german ekal chart mein 75.

sambhramacharane-dhii nait off dhii warlock 2008ralli afm records moolaka bidugadeyaada german mahila haard rock gayaki doro pesh avara 'celebal-dhii nait off dhii warlock' emba krutiyu. kelavu tingalugala modalu album "yaavude dushtatanakke hedaruvudilla" mattu "sambhramacharane" haadina mooru aavruttigalannu olagondide. haadina eka aavruttiyalli corus annu doro abhimanigala gumpu odagisuttade, aadare itara eradu korasnalli saxon munchuniya biff biford mattu aneka mahila heavy metal gayakara gayana pradarshanagalannu olagondiruttade. ee haadu haleya warlock nirmaapaka joy balin avarondige dorona hosa sahayogavagide mattu idu doro avara vrattijeevanada 25 neey vaarshikotsavavannu aacharisuva uddeshavannu hondide. ep sthana namm. german eka chaart nalli 75.

aaghoshikkuka-yudhathinte ratri 2008ll eiii. eph. emm recordukaliloode puratthirakkiya jarmman vanita haard roock gaayika doro pesh ezhuthiya oru eppiyaanu aaghoshikkuka-dhii naitt oof dhii warlock. thinmaye bhayappedaruthu" enna aalbam eathaanum maasangalkk munbulla eee pathippil "aaghoshikkuka" enna gaanatthinte moonnu pathippukal ulppedunnu. paattinte orotta pathippil oru koottam doro aaradhakar corus nalkunnu, mattu randennam corressil saaksante frontman biff bifordinteyum niravadhi vanita hevi mettal gayakarudeyum shabda prakadanangal ulkkollunnu. doroyude kariyarinte 25-aamm vaarshikam aaghoshikkaan uddeshichulla eee gaanam thanne pazhaya warlock nirmmathaavaaya joy balinumaayulla doroyude puthiya sahakaranamaan. ipi sthaanam nambaril ethi. jarmman single chartle 75.

utsav sajra qaraa-yuddhabandichi ratra celebrate-daad nite auph daad warlock hii german mahila haard rock gayika doro peshchi eka eae. pii. aahe, jee 2008 madhye aii. eff. emm. recordsdware prakashit jhaali. kahee mahinyanpurvicha 'daru nakaa white' haah album aanee tyat 'celebrate' yaa ganyachya teen aavrutyancha samavesh aahe. ganyachya ekach aavruttit doro chahatyanchya gatadware samoohageet pradan kele jaate, tarr itar doghanmadhye samoohgitamadhye saxonchya aaghadichya kheladu biff biford aanee anek mahila hevi metal gayakanchi gayan sadarikarane asatat. heey gaane swatach doroche june warlock nirmate joy balin yanchyasobatche naveen sahkarya aahe aanee teey dorochya karkirdicha 25 vaa vardhapan deane sajra karnyasathi aahe. eae. pii. neey sthan kra. 75 german ekal taktyat.

utsava-yuddhako raat celebrate-da night aff da warlak german mahila hard ruck gayak doro peshko ek app how, june 2008 maa afm recordharu marfat jaari garieko thiyo. kehi mahinaaghi album "darr lagdaina" rar yasama "celebrate" gitko tinn sanskaranharu samawesh chhan. gitko ekal sanskaranma corus doro fanharuko samuhale pradan gareko chha, jabki anya dui korasma sactionko frontman biff biford rar dherai mahila hebhi mettle gayakharuko gayan pradarshan samawesh chha. geet afai purano warlak nirmata joya balinsanga doroko nayan sahakarya how rar doroko carrierko 25 aun warshikotsawa manaunaka lagi how. ipi sthiti nan. german ekal chartma 75.

utsaba-juddhara raati celebrate-daa night off daa warlock' heuchhi german mahila hard rock gajaka doro peshnka dwara 2008 ray aii. aif. emm. record madhyamare muktilabha karithiba eka epi . kichhi maasa purbaru album "bhaja karantu naahin" ebong "utsaba" geetara tinoti sanskarana antarbhukta . geetara ekaka sanskaranare doro prashansakanka eka dala dwara courus pradan karajaithibabele anya duijana korasare saksananka frontman biff biford ebong aneka mahila hebhi metal gajakanka kantha pradarshan antarbhukta . ehi geetati puruna warlock nirmata joe balinnka saha doronka eka nutan sahjog ebong doronka carriara 25 tama barshiki palana karibaku uddista . ep sthiti nong. german ekaka chartre 75.

jashan-jung dee raat jashan-warlock dee raat german mahila haard raak gaika doro paish duaara ikk appy haii, joe 2008 witch afm recordan raahin jaari keeti gaee see. drao koee burai naheen" album dey kujh mahiniaan toon pahilan ee. pee. witch geet dey tinn sanskaran shamal hunn "jashan". geet dey single sanskaran witch course doro parshanskan dey ikk samooh duaara pardan keeta jaanda haii, jadon kii horr doou course witch sexon dey frontman biff biford atey bahut saariaan mahila haivi maital gaikan dey vocal pardarshan shamal hunn. ih geet aapne aap witch purane warlock nirmata joye balin naal doro daa ikk navaan sahiyog haii atey doro dey crear dee dee varehgandh manaun laee haii. ee. pee. sathiti nann. german single chaart witch 75.

utsavah-yuddhasya raatrih delieve-da nait aaf da warlack" iti german-mahilaa-hardrack-gayika doro pesh ityasya epi asti, yat 2008 tame varshe ef emm-abhilekhanam madhyamena prakaashitam. dier no eevil" iti aalbam katipayamasanam poorvam aasit, yasmin "celebre" iti gitasya trayah samskaranaani cha antarbhavanti. gitasya ekasyaah samskarane doro-prashamsakaih samoohah corus-sangeetam praadaati, aparadwaye corus-sangeetasy madhye sacson-ityasya agradootasy biff-bafford-varyasya, anekanam mahilaa-hevee-metal-gayikanam cha gaayan-pradarshanani santi. etat geetam eva doro ityasya puratanena warlack ityasya nirmaatrunena joy baalin ityanena saha nootanam sahayogam asti, tathaa cha doro ityasya vruttijeevanasya 25 tamam varsham aacharitum uddishtam asti. ee. pee. sthaanam nam praapnot. 75 german-eka-chaart madhye asti.

kondaada-poarkkaalaththin iravu kondaattam-thii nite off thii warlock enbathu jerman penn haard raak paadagar doro besh ezhuthiya oru epi aagum, idhu 2008 aam aandil afm pathivukal moolam veliyidappattathu. sila maathangkalukku munbu veliyaana "payam illai" endra aalbam, "kondaattam" endra paadalin moontru pathippukalai ulladakkiyathu. paadalin ottrai pathippil corus doro rasigargalin kuluvaal vazhangkappadukirathu, mattra irandu corressil sacson munnani biff biford mattrum pala penn hevi metal paatakarkalin kural nigazhchchigal ullana. inthap paadal pazhaiya porkkaalath thayaarippaalar joy paalinudan dorovin puthiya oththuzhaippaagum, maelum idhu dorovin vaazhkkaiyin 25 vadhu aandu niraivaik kondaadum vagaiyil ullathu. eee. pii. nilai enn. jerman ottrai vilakkappadaththil 75.

veduka-yuddhapu raatri veduka-dhi nait off dhi warlock anedi german mahilaa haard rock gayani doro pesh raasina oka epa, idhi idhi afm recordula dwara vidudalaindi. konni nelala mundu album "bhayam ledhu chedu" mariyu paata yokka moodu versionlanu kaligi undhi "jarupukondi". paata yokka oke samskaranalo korasnu doro abhimanula brundam andistundi, migilina rendintiloonuu saxon yokka frontman biff biford mariyu aneka mandhi mahilaa heavy metal gayakula swara pradarsanalu untaayi. eee paata paatha warlock nirmaata joy baalintho doro yokka kotta sahakaram mariyu doro kereer yokka 25va vaarshikotsavaanni jarupukovadaniki uddesinchabadindi. eepee sthaanam nem. 75 german single chaartlo.

jashan manayein-jung kii raat jashan manayein-dee night aaf dee warlock german khaatun haard raak gulukarah doro paisch kaa eek ayee pee hay juu 2008 mein aey aif ayem records kay zariye jaari kiyaa gayaa thaa. ayee pee chand maheenon say pehley album "drow nahein barayee" aur iss mein gaaney kay teen warzan "jashan manayein" shaamil haine. gaaney kay waahid warzan mein kors doro kay shaiqeen kay eek grop kay zariah farahim kiyaa jaataa hay jabkah deegar duu kors mein sexon kay frunt meen buff biford aur behat see khwatin hewi mettle gulukaron kii suutee performans shaamil haine. yaha gaana khood doro kaa paraaney warlock producer joye baalan kay saath eek neeya taawan hay aur iss kaa maqsad doro kay carrier kii 25 wein salgrah manana hay. ayee pee position number parr pahunch gayaa. 75 german sangal chaart mein.

00024614b590fdb4f55e8c4242671de58b1ea93e47aebbc0ba6c763136b3c953

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=52465947

Tomás Dolz de Espejo

Tomás Dolz de Espejo Spanish politician and businessman Tomás Dolz de Espejo Andreu Muñoz Serrano y Duforq-Salinis, 5th Count of La Florida (1879-1974) was a Spanish politician and businessman. For some 30 years he campaigned within Traditionalism and Carlism. Periodically he was holding regional party leadership jobs, though nationwide he remained rather in the back row. He is best known as a member of the first Junta Política and Consejo Nacional, executive bodies of the newly created Francoist state party, Falange Española Tradicionalista. Family and youth. The Dolz lineage is related to Southern Aragón; its first representatives were noted in the late 12th century, once the successful Reconquista claimed Teruel. The family was initially linked to Albarracín, over time spreading to neighboring counties. The Espejo lineage originated from Northern parts of Kingdom of Valencia, resident in . The two families intermarried in the early 17th century, giving rise to the Dolz de Espejo branch. Many of its members made their names in the history of Spain; Tomás’ great-grandfather, Pedro Federico Dolz de Espejo, was awarded the title of Conde de la Florida in 1789. His son, the 2nd Count and the grandfather of Tomás, Pedro Pablo Dolz de Espejo, distinguished himself during the Napoleonic era. At the outbreak of the First Carlist War in 1833 he sided with the legitimists; following defeat he went into exile and died in 1842 in Bordeaux. His son and Tomás’ father, Pedro Manuel Dolz de Espejo (1820-1879), as 3rd Count returned to Spain re-assuming family landholdings in Teruel. He joined the Carlist conspiracy too, during Third Carlist War entrusted with economic issues; it was his signature present on banknotes, issued by the Carlists. He too went into exile, settling in Bayonne. He married a girl from another aristocratic Aragón family, María Andreu y Duforq-Salinis (1843-1920). Between 1876 and 1879 the couple had 3 children; Tomás was born in France as the younger of two sons. It is not clear when the widow and half-orphans returned to Spain; she is first noted back in the family palace in Teruel in 1888. None of the sources consulted provided information on the early years of Tomás, except that he was brought up in "escuela de la lealtad y sacrificio". It is neither clear where he received his education; because he was later referred to as "engineer", he probably studied technology, possibly in Madrid. At an unspecified time in the 1900s he engaged in construction; in 1911 he was noted as manager of a Madrid-based company, La Constructora. In 1912 he was referred to as "propietario"; he took over the family business in 1913, following the premature and childless death of his older brother, the 4th Count; he also inherited the title. In 1912 Tomás Dolz married María de la Estrella González de la Riva Vidiella (1882-1989), daughter to teniente coronel de artillería 9th . The couple settled in Madrid at Conde Aranda; they had 3 children, born between 1913 and 1914. None of them became a public figure, though the only son, Carlos Dolz de Espejo y González de la Riva (1913-2013), an air force general, briefly gained media attention in relation to the most famous Spanish UFO incident of 1976. A younger daughter, María, married Antonio Galbis Loriga, Conde de Morphy, general de artillería and ayudante honoríficio to Franco. Among numerous grandchildren of Tomás and María, the best known ones are Carlos Dolz de Espejo y Arrospide, businessman and the 7th Conde de la Florida, and Alfonso Galbis Dolz de Espejo, a painter. Early political career (until 1919). With two generations of ancestors serving the legitimist cause Dolz seemed poised to follow suit, especially that his mother also came from a traditionalist family. However, during his youth Traditionalism was divided into mainstream Carlists and the breakaway Integrists. His brother, only 2 years senior, sided with the rebels; as a 16-year-old in 1893 he publicly voiced support for the Nocedalistas. In the course of the 1890s Pedro Dolz de Espejo grew in the Integrist structures, in 1900 rising to president of the Valencian Junta Provincial and in 1907 entering the executive of Valencian Junta Regional. However, none of the sources consulted confirms (or denies) that Tomás followed his older brother; until the early 1910s, he was not recorded as engaged in politics. Dolz was first noted in political milieu In 1911, he demonstrated support to Traditionalist deputies from both the Integrist and Jaimist minorities, who in the Cortes in vain tried to block . In 1912 he was admitted to , a theoretically non-political but in fact highly conservative aristocratic organization. Following the death of his older brother he became a somewhat prestigious figure in the Teruel realm and as such decided to join the electoral race: in 1914 he ran to the Cortes from Mora de Rubielos, a district in the Teruel province; it was also the first time he declared himself a Jaimista, member of the Carlist branch supporting the claim of Don Jaime. The attempt proved premature and he lost pathetically, gaining 10 times fewer votes than a victorious candidate. Following the defeat Florida is never confirmed to have renewed his bid for the parliament. In the mid-1910s Florida, already referred to in the press as "rico propietario", was already fully engaged in the Jaimista structures. In 1915 he was rumored to be running in the Cortes elections of the following year from the Madrid Latina district; the news eventually proved false, though in 1916 he was busy mounting an electoral alliance which would include even the Traditionalist arch-enemies, the Liberals. In 1917 he worked to seal an electoral union of the Jaimists, the Integrists, the Maurists and independent candidates, to be fielded in the forthcoming electoral campaign. He rose to first secretary of the Madrid municipal Jaimist organization, in 1918 growing to its jefe and soon also jefe of the provincial Madrid structures, though in general remained a back-row party figure. Though he seemed perfectly loyal to Don Jaime, in the new internal conflict within Carlism Florida tended rather to side with its key theorist, Juan Vázquez de Mella. This was demonstrated not only by Mellista's typical penchant for right-wing alliances, but also by advocating neutralist stand in the Great War, a strategy intended to counter pro-Entente feelings and effectively supporting the Central Powers. Florida was not among chief protagonists of the strife and remained in the background; however, when in 1919 Vázquez de Mella broke away and set up his own party, Dolz de Espejo decided to join him. Rebellious Mellista and reconciled Carlista (1919-1936). In 1920 Florida joined a 3-member Mellista Castilla La Nueva executive; In 1921, he assumed the position of Jefe Provincial in Madrid and honorary president of the Madrid branch of the party youth, Juventud Católica Tradicionalista. Reported as engaged in a variety of initiatives – setting up new cinemas in Madrid, collecting money for religious purposes, donating and organizing donations to army operations in Morocco, taking part in Catholic ceremonies, supporting sports- he was not, however, noted as busy building the party structures. In 1922 he attended a general Mellista assembly, taking place in Zaragoza and supposed to finalize buildup of the new party. The assembly launched Comité Directivo of the newly formed Partido Tradicionalista; Florida was one of its 3 members. He was also confirmed as the Madrid Jefe Provincial, temporarily given command of "provincias del Centro, Sur y Oeste de España". The Mellista project hardly took off the ground when the 1923 coup of Miguel Primo de Rivera banned all political parties in the country. Florida withdrew to privacy, in public noted for charity and glamour of aristocratic societé. Resident of Madrid, he was spending strings at his La Florida property in Teruel and in estates in Valencia. Fascinated by cars he managed a Sitges circuit, excelled in Real Automovil Club and co-ran a tourist review; owner of a new Buick, he was fined for excessive driving until his car was stolen. Excluding landholding properties, he lived off a number of enterprises; apart from construction company he was president of Sociedad Española de Talcos and Compañia de Seguros Omnia. During "Dictablanda" Dolz renewed political endeavors. In May 1930 he was received by Alfonso XIII. Against the rising Republican tide he stood on monarchist ground, cultivating old-style patriotism. Having joined , in April 1931 he ran on its ticket in elections for the Madrid ayuntamiento. Upon declaration of the Republic Florida tried to transfer his capital abroad. Apprehended by the customs service he was detained and possibly suffered forfeiture of some of the assets smuggled. At unspecified time he returned to Carlist loyalty by entering , which in 1932 re-joined the former Jaimistas, Integristas and Mellistas. In 1933 he was appointed its Jefe Regional of Castilla La Nueva. Despite holding a theoretically prestigious position, Florida did not seem particularly active; he was seldom recorded as speaking at party meetings. and historians almost do not mention his name when discussing Carlist activities during the Republic. It is not clear what his position was on the controversial question of alliances with other monarchist and right-wing groupings, or on internal leadership rivalry between Conde de Rodezno and Manuel Fal. In 1935 the latter triggered his nomination to Junta de Hacienda, a body entrusted with organizing funds for the Comunión. Towards political climax (1936-1937). It is not clear whether Florida was engaged in Carlist preparations to the July 1936 coup. Some sources claim that in mid-September 1936 he was nominated the Carlist comisario de guerra for the region of León; In September, he emerged in Ciudad Rodrigo, busy organizing Requeté; In October, his León efforts gained him a letter of thanks from the new Carlist regent, Don Javier. Though he is not listed as member of the national Carlist wartime executive, Junta Nacional Carlista de Guerra, residing in Salamanca he started to take part in meetings of the Comunión leaders. For reasons which are not entirely clear his position grew; perhaps as a host Florida presided over a Carlist emergency meeting of December 1936, called to deal with Franco's demand that Fal Conde leaves Spain. It is not clear what position he took; some historians discussing the day refer to him as "Rodezno’s ally", which suggests that Florida proposed that the ultimatum be accepted. Starting early 1937 the Carlists were facing a prospect of forced amalgamation into a state party; the claimant and the Falcondistas opted for intransigence, Rodezno and the Navarrese opted for negotiations. Florida was present at a February meeting in Insua and sided with the Rodeznistas, position maintained also in March. In early April he took part in a meeting of a somewhat rebellious Navarrese Junta Central; it adopted a Franco-addressed proposal suggesting a directorio, composed of Carlists, Falangists and Caudillo's appointees. In mid-April he was one of 4 Carlists summoned to Burgos; generalísimo informed them about forthcoming political unification. It is not clear why he was picked up by Franco; some suggest that Florida was among most "conspicuous" Carlists because of his Requeté recruitment activities. At that time Franco and his aides were already considering personal composition of executive of the state party just to be announced. Florida was not among the Carlists initially marked; presented by Franco with shortlisted candidates, Rodezno suggested that Marcelino Ulibarri is dropped and one more seat is reserved for the Carlists, coming with the names of Florida and José María Mazón. The proposal was accepted and on 22 April Dolz found himself among 4 Carlists nominated to a 10-member "Secretariado o Junta Política" of Falange Española Tradicionalista. Of all its members he was perhaps the least-known one; among press-published short notes about the appointees, his was the shortest one. greatly disappointed many Carlists, including some of the Junta appointees; the regent was furious. In June the Carlist junteros asked him to authorize their presence in the Junta, but to no avail; later on all were expulsed from Comunión for breach of loyalty. Executive or figurehead (1937-1939). Frustrated by the lack of the Falangist give and take in the Junta, some Carlists complained to Franco; the result were October 1937 nominations to another party body, a 50-member Consejo Nacional. Florida found himself among 12 Carlist nominees and was already firmly mounted among the highest-positioned civilians of the Francoist Spain, sitting in two bodies directing the only political organization allowed in the state. However, many historians agree that both executive structures were rather decorative and that the entire party was at that stage a nascent structure, called into being to ensure that power stays with Franco and yet to acquire its later dynamics. Moreover, the Carlists were enraged to find that what they were supposed to be an organization they could control or at least influence was increasingly turning into a new version of Falange, with syndicalist blue-shirts systematically gaining the upper hand. Following unification Carlist rank-and-file started to bombard their leaders in Junta and in Consejo with complaints about getting sidetracked, asking for support. As recipient of these notes and phone calls Florida is recorded as pledging support; it is not clear whether he indeed intervened, though it is clear that nothing changed. Throughout most of the Civil War in public Florida maintained a loyal Francoist stand. In newspapers he was quoted arguing in favor of the unification; according to him both Carlism and Falange were anti-democratic, anti-Liberal, anti-parliamentarian and Catholic, he claimed also that both supported monarchist solutions to be implemented in the future. Apparently he also tried to cultivate the Traditionalist format as much as he could, with some other FET executives attending sermons honoring Carlist kings Carlos VII and Alfonso Carlos or taking part in an annual Carlist feast dedicated to Mártires de la Tradición, initially observed by the state party. On the other hand, he did not refrain from attending new-style events, like banquets in the Nazi headquarters in Salamanca. In 1938 he acted as FET Jefe Provincial in Salamanca, typically one of the 3 most important civilian positions in every province; it is not clear what exact dates of his term were. Florida's career at the top of the Francoist political strata came to the end in the late summer of 1939. As late as in August he was still reported taking part in public events as consejero nacional, but this changed in September; he did not find himself among appointees to the II Consejo Nacional and starting 1940 he was reported in the press simply as "Conde de la Florida". None of the sources consulted offers any insight into his departure from the party executive, and specifically whether it was a fall from grace or a conscious decision to withdraw. It could have been resignation following disappointment with the syndicalist format of the new party; it could have been marginalization suffered as a result of an internal conflict, as it happened with Joaquín Bau, another Carlist sidetracked by Ramón Serrano Suñer, especially that Florida publicly kept declaring inevitable restoration of the monarchy. Political retirement and long senility (after 1939). No longer in the top political flight, in the early 1940s Florida was still present in public life, e.g. taking part in Traditionalism-flavored feasts attended by some FET heavyweights. In 1942 he was not appointed to the III Consejo Nacional and his political career seemed definitely over. This might not have been exactly the case, as in 1944 he was reported among governmental officials, namely noted as subsecretario de industria. This was, however, definitely the last of his Francoist episodes; afterwards he was no longer mentioned related either to the party or to the government. He did not accept an olive branch from Carlism; in 1942 Fal declared that all those stained by Falangism might be re-admitted given they abandon their state party links; the offer explicitly excluded from the scheme some of the leaders, but Florida was not among them. In the late 1940s he ventured to publicly demonstrate support for Ricardo Oreja, his old-time fellow Mellista, when the latter succeeded in Madrid municipal elections. Though already at the retirement age, Florida remained active in a number of enterprises, mostly related to mineral resources and dependent businesses, like construction or pharmaceuticals; some of them, like RUMHE, landed hefty contracts in prestigious locations, like the Madrid Gran Vía. In the 1950s he regularly featured in societé columns, attending aristocratic feasts related and unrelated to his own family. His political engagements were almost inexistent, except that he kept attending the Mártires de la Tradición sermons. This changed abruptly in the mid-1950s. In 1956 Florida was awarded Gran Cruz del Mérito Civil, a very prestigious Francoist honor. In 1957 he was among 70-odd Carlists who concluded their longtime rapprochement with the Alfonsist claimant, Don Juan. Satisfied that formal acceptance of Traditionalist principles rendered him fit for succession also from the Carlist perspective, they declared him the legitimate heir to the throne. Florida, one of the most distinguished of the so-called "Estorilos", entered the claimant's Consejo Privado, the post retained until the end of his life. Also as an octogenarian Florida kept attending social events, at times assuming unlikely roles; in 1962 he formed part of a jury at a female beauty contest. He remained engaged in religious activities, in particular in ranks of Hermandad de Caballeros de San Juan Bautista y Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes; occasionally he presided over charity initiatives. Cautiously he kept admitting Traditionalist heritage; apart from cultural events like those dedicated to memory of Vázquez de Mella in the late 1960s he engaged in Hermandad de Cristo Rey de Requetés ex Combatientes, formally an organisation of Carlist Civil War combatants though in practice a Traditionalist bulwark in internal Carlist strife, aimed against a newly emergent progressist faction; nothing indicates he was aware of the background and historians extensively discussing internal fragmentation of Carlism in the 1960s and 1970s do not mention his name. Also in the late 1960s he kept cultivating the Juanista link; in the 1970s he was noted only as attending weddings of his grandchildren. Footnotes. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

tomax dolz di espeju tomax dodd 'ljo di espeju aaru reu munuj cheranu waai dufork-salinis, laa fluoridar 5moo gonona (1879-1974) ejon spanis rajneetibid aaru byowoxayi aasil. pray 30 bosor dhori teu poromporagot aaru carlismor bhitorot prosar solaisil. maaje maaje teu ancholik dolor netritwor sakori kori aasil, jodiu dexbyapi teu pisor xarit aasil. teu notunkoi sristi huwa frankubadi rajyik doll, falengz espanula tradixonalister karzobahi xongstha prothom junta politika aaru conceju nesyonelor xodosyo hisape ataitkoi besi porisito. poriyal aaru juwok-juboti. dolz bongxo dokhyin aaragonor xoite xomporkito; iyar prothom protinidhixokol 12 xotikar xexor faale ullekh koraa hoisil, ebaar xofol punorutthane teruwel daabi korisil. poriyaltu prothomote albarasinor xoite jorito aasil, xomoyor loge loge suburiya countixomuholoi biyopi porisil. espeju bongxor utpotti valencia rajyor uttor ongxor poraa hoisil, zo 'too teu baax korisil. 17 xotikar aarombhonite duyuta poriyale antohbibah korisil, jaar folot dolz di espeju xakhar jonmo hoisil. iyar bohutu xodosyoi spainor itihaxot teulukor naam rakhisil; 1789 sonot tomsor propitamoho pedoru federicu dodd 'ljo di espejuk konde di laa fluorida upadhi prodan koraa hoisil. teur putro, 2yoy gonona aaru tomaxor kokadeuta, pedoru pablu dodd 'ljo di espejuye nepolian jugor xomoyot nijoke bixisto korisil. 1833 sonot prothom carlist juddhor aarombhonite teu boidhotabadixokolor pokhyo loisil; porajoyor pisot teu nirbaxonoloi goisil aaru 1842 sonot bordute mrityuboron korisil. teur putro aaru tomaxor pitri, pedoru manuwel dodd 'ljo di espeju (1820-1879), tritiyo gonona hisape spainoloi ghuri aahisil aaru teruwelot poriyalor bhumi punor dokhol korisil. orthonoitik bixoyor xoite dayitwo diya tritiyo carlist juddhor xomoyot teu carlist xorojontrotu jugdan korisil; carlistoxomuhe jaari koraa banknutot teur swakhyor aasil. teuu nirbaxonoloi goisil, beyonot boxoti sthapon korisil. teu aan ek obhijat aaragon poriyalor suwali maria endru waai dufork-salinis (1843-1920) koo biyaa koraisil. 1876 sonor poraa 1879 sonor bhitorot dompotihalor 3taa xontan aasil; dui putror bhitorot xoru hisape franceot tomaxor jonmo hoisil. bidhowa aaru ordho-orphanxokol kokhon spainoloi ubhoti aahisil xeya sposto nohoy; 1888 sonot teruwelor poriyalor praxadot teuk prothombaror baabe ullekh koraa hoisil. poramorxo luwa kunu xutroi tomaxor prarombhik bosoror bixoye tothyo prodan koraa nasil, kewol je teuk "escuwela dey laa lialtad yoy bolly" too dangor koraa hoisil. teu koo "too xikhya laabh korisil xeya sposto nohoy; kiyonu teuk pisoloi" obhijonta "buli kuwa hoisil, teu xombhobotoh projukti odhyoyon korisil, xombhobotoh medridot. 1900-ror doxokot ek onirdisto xomoyot teu nirmanot niyujit hoisil; 1911 sonot teu medrid-bhittik company laa constroctorar menezar hisape ullekh koraa hoisil. 1912 sonot teuk "propeateryo" buli kuwa hoisil; teur dangor bhatrir okal aaru xontanhin mrityur pisot 1913 sonot teu poriyalor byowoxaytu haatot loisil, soturtho gonona; teu upadhituu uttoradhikari hisape laabh korisil. 1912 sonot tomax dolze maria dey laa astrela gonzalez dey laa ribha videala (1882-1989), tannient koo "ror" nell dey artiloriyar 9moo konyar xoite bibahpaxot aabodho hoy. dompotihale konde arandat medridot boxoti sthapon korisil; teulukor 3taa xontan aasil, 1913 sonor poraa 1914 sonor bhitorot jonmo hoisil. teulukor kunu ejonoi rajohuwa byoktitwo huwa nasil, jodiu ekmatro putro, carlos dodd 'ljo di eseju waai gonzalez di laa ribha (1913-2013), ejon bayu xenar general, 1976 sonor ataitkoi bikhyat spanis eupho ghotonar xomporkot xongkhyepe xongbad madhyomor dristi aakorxon korisil. egoraki xoru konya, mariai, untonio' galbys loriga, konde di morphi, general di artiloria aaru ayudante onorisio 'tu frankur xoite bibahpaxot aabodho hoisil. tomax aaru mariyar oxongkhyo naati-natinixokolor bhitorot ataitkoi besi porisito hoise carlos dodd 'ljo di espeju waai arospide, byowoxayi aaru 7moo konde di laa fluorida, aaru alphonsu galbis dodd' ljo di espeju, ejon sitroxilpi. prarombhik rajnoitik jiwan (1919 sonoloike). dui projonmor purbopuruxxokole boidhotabadi karonot xewa aagborhuwar baabe dolzeu iyak onuxoron koriboloi xaju zen lagisil, bixexkoi teur matriu ek poromporagot poriyalor poraa aahisil. obosye, teur juboprojonmor xomoyot poromporagotota mulxutir carlist aaru bischinno xonghotkari hisape bibhokto aasil. teur bhatri, maatro 2 bosor jyestho, bidruhixokolor pokhyo loisil; 1893 sonot 16 bosoriya hisape teu rajohuwabhabe noo 'cadalister baabe xomorthon jonaisil. 1890-ror doxokor xomoisuwat pedro 'dodd' ljo di espejur xonghot gathonir bikax ghotisil, 1900 sonot valencian junta pradexikor xobhapoti hisape aaru 1907 sonot valencian junta ancholikor karzobahir podot prowex korisil. obosye, poramorxo luwa kunu xutroi nischito koraa naai (baa oswikar koraa naai) je tomese teur dangor bhatrik onuxoron korisil; 1910 sonor aarombhoniloike, teu rajneetit jorito buli lipibodho koraa huwa nasil. doljok prothombaror baabe 1911 sonot rajnoitik poriwexot ullekh koraa hoisil, teu xonghot aaru joimobadi xongkhyaloghu duyutar poromporagot protinidhir xomorthon prodorxon korisil, jixokole cortchot baadha diboloi byortho chesta korisil. 1912 sonot teuk tatwikbhabe oh-rajnoitik kintu prokritote otyonto rokhyonxil obhijat xongothonot bhorti koraa hoisil. teur dangor bhatrir mrityur pisot teu teruwel rajyor ek kichu porimane xonmaniyo byokti hoi porisil aaru enedore nirbasoni protijugitat jugdan korar xiddhanto loisiloh 1914 sonot teu teruwel prodexor ekhon jilaa muraa di rubilusor poraa cortesoloi dourisil; logote prothombaror baabe teu nijoke joymista buli ghuxona korisil, jiye donn jaimer dabik xomorthon koraa gaari talika xakhar xodosyo aasil. ei prochesta okal buli promanito hoisil aaru teu bijoyi prarthir tulnat 10 guno komm bhut laabh kori xusoniyobhabe porasto hoisil. porajoyor pisot flo "ridai xongxodor baabe teur prarthona punorabritti koraa buli ketiyau nischito koraa huwa naai. 1910 sonor majbhagot fluorida, jaak itimodhye xongbad madhyomot "riku propeateryo" buli kuwa hoisil, itimodhye joimista gathonir xoite xompurnorupe jorito aasil. 1915 sonot teu medrid letina jilaar poraa poroborti bosoror corts nirbasonot protidondita koribo buli urabatori aasil; owoxexot batoritu misa promanito hoisil, jodiu 1916 sonot teu ek nirbasoni mitrota sthapon korat byosto aasil zo 'too aanoki poromporagot mool-xotru, udarponthiu ontorbhukto thakibo. 1917 sonot teu aagontuk nirbasoni obhijanot protidondita koriboloi joymist, integrist, mouristo aaru swotontro prarthixokolor etaa nirbasoni xonghok protisthapon koriboloi kaam korisil. 1918 sonot teu medrid pour joimisto xongothonor prothom xosibo hisape unnit hoisil, iyar jefoloi briddhi paisil aaru oti xunkalei pradexik medrid gathonir jefiloiu briddhi paisil, jodiu xadharonote ee pisfalor dolor byoktitwo hoiyei thakil. jodiu teu donn jaimor proti xompurnorupe onugoto zen lagisil, carlismor bhitorot notun abhyontorin xonghatot flo "rida iyar mool totwobid, juwan bhajkwej di mellar pokhyot aasil. eitu kewol xuponthi mitrotar proti melistar xadharon probonotar dwarahe nohoy, boroncho mohan juddhot nirpekhyotabadi sthitir xomorthon kori, ek kouxol jaar uddesyo hoh 'lo protirudhi onubhobok protihot koraa aaru kendriyo xoktik pholoproxubhabe xomorthon koraa. flo "rida ei xonghorxor mukhyo nayokxokolor bhitorot nasil aaru potobhumit aasil; obosye, 1919 sonot jetiya bhajkej di melai bisched ghotay aaru nijor doll gothon kore, tetiya dodd" ljo di espejuwe teur xoite jugdan korar xiddhanto loy. bidruhi melista aaru punor miloni koraa carlista (1919-1936). 1920 sonot fluoridai 3joneeya mellista custilla laa nueva karzobahir xoite jugdan kore; 1921 sonot teu medridot jefe pradexik podd aaru dolor juwo projonmor medrid xakhar xonmaniyo xobhapoti, juventud kett 'lick tradixonio' listar podd grohon kore. bibhinno prochestat niyujit huwa buli protibedon diya hoisil-medridot notun chinema sthapon koraa, dhormiyo uddesyor baabe dhon xongroho koraa, morokkut xenar obhijanoloi onudan daan aaru aayujon koraa, ketholik onusthanot ongxogrohon koraa, krirak xomorthon koraa-obosye, teu dolor gathoni nirmanot byosto buli ullekh koraa huwa nasil. 1922 sonot teu jaragujat onusthito huwa ek xadharon melista xobhat uposthito aasil aaru notun doll gothonor xiddhanto grohon korar kotha aasil. bidhanxobhai notunkoi gothon huwa partido tradixonalistar commite directivew aarombho korisil; fluorida iyar 3 john xodosyor bhitorot etaa aasil. teuk osthayibhabe "probhinsiyas dell centru, sur waai oh" este di spena "ror command diyar logote medrid jefe pradexik hisapeu nischito koraa hoisil. 1923 sonot maiguwel primu di ribharar obhyuthane dexor xokolu rajnoitik doll nixidho korar xomoyot melista prokolpotuwe ekebare probhab pelaisil. fluorida guponiyotat proityahar korisil, rajohuwabhabe datobyo aaru obhijat xomajor glamaror baabe bikhyat. medridor baxinda, teu teruwelor laa fluorida xompoti aaru valencier estetot nijor dhon-xompotir baabe byoy kori aasil. garir proti aakorxito hoi teu etaa sitz charkit porisalona korisil, real autovil klabot utkristota orjon korisil aaru ek porjotok porzaluchonar xoho-porisalona korisil; etaa notun bikrir maalik, teur gaari suri nuhuwaloike otyadhik gaari soluwar baabe teuk jorimona diya hoisil. bhumidhari xompoti baad di, teu keibatau udyugor baahire baax korisil; nirman companyr uporiu teu cho "siyedad espanula di talkuch aaru compania di segur" cho oh 'miniyar xobhapoti aasil. dictablanda" ror xomoyot dolze rajnoitik prochesta punoruddhar korisil. 1930 sonor mey "maahot teuk alphonsu xiii-ye grohon korisil. udiyoman gonorajyo juwaror biruddhe teu puroni xoilir dexprem gorhi tuli rajotwobadi maatit thiyo hoisil. jugdan korar pisot 1931 sonor aprilot teu medrid ayuntamientur nirbasonot iyar tikotot dourisil. gonorajyo ghuxonar pisot flo "ridaar rajdhani bidexoloi sthanantor korar chesta korisil. xulko xewar dwara greptar koraa hoisil aaru xombhobotoh xurokhyar baabe onaa kisuman xompoti jobdo koraa hoisil. onirdisto xomoyot teu prowex kori carlist anugotyoloi ubhoti aahisil, ji 1932 sonot prakton joimista, integrista aaru melister xoite punor jugdan korisil. 1933 sonot teuk iyar jefe ancholik custilla laa nueva hisape nijukto koraa hoisil. tatwikbhabe xonmaniyo podd dokhol korar swotweu, fluorida bixexbhabe xokriyo zen logaa nasil; teu dolor xobhat bhaxon diyar baabe kodasit lipibodho koraa hoisil. aaru itihaxbidxokole gonorajyor xomoyot carlistor karzokolapxomuhor bixoye alusona korute teur naam pray ullekh nokore. onyanyo rajotwobadi aaru xuponthi gutor xoite mitrotar bitorkito prosno, baa konde di rudjonu aaru manuwel faalor maajot abhyontorin netritwor protidonditar uporot teur sthiti ki aasil xeya sposto nohoy. 1935 sonot pisorjone komuniyonor baabe puji xongothito korar dayitwo diya xongstha junta di hesindaloi teur monunoyonor xusona korisil. rajnoitik porzayor faale (1936-1937). 1936 sonor july maahot huwa obhyuthanor baabe fluorida carlist prostutir xoite jorito aasil ney naai xeya sposto nohoy. kisuman xutroi daabi kore je 1936 sonor septemboror majbhagot teuk liun oncholor baabe carlist commisseryo 'di guraa monunit koraa hoisil; septembor maahot, teu siudad rodirigut ulai aahisil, requeter aayujonot byosto aasil; octoborot, teur liun prochestai teuk notun carlist regent, donn jabhiyaror poraa dhonyobador potro laabh korisil. jodiu teuk juddhokalin karzobahi rastriyo carlistor xodosyo hisape talikabhukto koraa huwa naai, jodiu salamankat baax koraa junta nesnel carlista di gurar xodosyo hisape talikabhukto koraa huwa naai, tothapiu teu communion netaxokolor xobhat ongxogrohon koriboloi aarombho korisil. xompurnorupe sposto nuhuwa karonxomuhor baabe teur sthiti briddhi paisil; xombhobotoh 1936 sonor disembor maahot frankur dabir xoite mukabila koriboloi aahban koraa frankur carlist jorurikalin boithokor xobhapotitwo koraa ejon aayujok fluorida hisape. teu ki sthiti grohon korisil xeya sposto nohoy; dintur bixoye alusona koraa kisuman buronjibide teuk "rudjonur xohojugi" buli ullekh kore, ji poramorxo diye je flo "ridaar dwara suranto xotorkobani grohon korar prostab diya hoisil. 1937 sonor aarombhonir poraa carlistoxokole rajyik doll etat bolpurbok ekotrikoronor xombhawonar xonmukhin hoisil; dabikari aaru falcondistaxokole hothkaritar baabe basoni korisil, rudjonu aaru nabharese alusonar baabe basoni korisil. fluorida insut february maahot onusthito ekhon xobhat uposthito aasil aaru roadnistasor pokhyo loisil, logote podtu marchotu bojai rakhisil. aprilor aarombhonite teu kichu porimane bidruhi navares junta kendror ekhon boithokot ongxogrohon korisil; ee carlist, falangisto aaru kadilur nijuktoxokolor dwara gothito etaa directoryo "ror poramorxo diya franku-thikona diya prostab grohon korisil. aprilor majbhagot teu bargo "soloi aamontron jonuwa 4 goraki carlistor bhitorot ejon aasil; generalisimuwe teulukok aagontuk rajnoitik ekotrikoronor bixoye obogoto korisil. frankuwe teuk kiyo tuli loisil xeya sposto nohoy; kisumane poramorxo diye je teur proyujoniyo nijukti karzokolapor baabe fluorida ataitkoi "sposto" carlistor bhitorot aasil. xei xomoyot franku aaru teur xohojugixokole itimodhye ghuxona koribor baabe rajyik dolor karzobahir byoktigoto gothonor kotha bibesona korisil. frankur dwara xongkhipto talikabhukto prarthixokolor xoite uposthapon koraa frankur dwara prothome sinhito carlistoxomuhor bhitorot fluorida nasil, rudjonuwe poramorxo disil je marchelinu uliborik baad diya hoise aaru carlistoxomuhor baabe aaru etaa aaxon xongrokhito koraa hoise, zo 'too fluorida aaru juche maria majonor naam aase. ei prostabtu grohon koraa hoisil aaru 22 aprilot dolze nijoke falengz espanula tradixonalister 10joneeya "secretoriado oh" junta politika "ror baabe monunit 4 goraki carlistor bhitorot paisil. iyar xokolu xodosyor bhitorot teu xombhobotoh ataitkoi komm porisito aasil; nijukti puwaxokolor bixoye press-prokaxito suti tukar bhitorot teu ataitkoi suti aasil. jantar dwara nijukto kisuman lukoke dhori bohutu carlistok bohut hotax korisil; regent khong khaai aasil. june maahot carlist genteruse teuk jantat teulukor uposthitir onumudon diboloi koichil, kintu kunu laabh noho 'lo; pisot anugotyo bhongo korar baabe xokoluke komuniyonor poraa bohiskar koraa hoisil. karzobahi baa figurehead (1937-1939). falangistoxokole jantat diya aaru luwar obhabot hotax hoi kisuman carliste frankuloi obhijug jonaisil; iyar pholsworupe 1937 sonor octobor maahot aan etaa dolor xongstha, 50joneeya conceju nesyoneloloi monunoyon laabh korisil. fluoridai nijoke 12 goraki carlist monunit byoktir bhitorot paisil aaru itimodhye frankubadi spainor xorbuscho sthanot thoka nagorikxokolor bhitorot drirhobhabe odhisthito hoi rajyokhonot onumudit ekmatro rajnoitik xongothonok nirdex diya dutaa xongsthat bohi aasil. obosye, bohutu itihaxbidoi ekmot je duyuta karzobahi gathoni boroncho alongkarik aasil aaru xei porzayot xomogro doltu ek nowagoto gathoni aasil, jaak frankur xoite khyomota thokatu nischito koriboloi aaru tothapiu iyar poroborti gotibidya laabh koriboloi kuwa hoisil. todupori, carlistoxokole eitu dekhi khyubdho hoisil je teuluke niyontron koribo poraa etaa xongstha hoh 'bob laage baa ontotoh probhab poratu kromanwoye falengjor ek notun xongskoronoloi poribortito hoisil, zo' too cindicalist blue-chartbure poddhotigotobhabe uporor haat laabh korisil. ekotrikoronor pisot renk-endo-file renk-endo-fileor dwara teulukor netaxkolok jantat bumaborxon koraa aarombho koraa hoisil aaru xomorthon bisari bipothgami huwar obhijugor xoite kunchju koraa hoisil. ei noot aaru phone kolxomuhor grohonkari hisape fluoridak protisruti xomorthon hisape lipibodho koraa hoy; jodiu eitu sposto nohoy je teu xosakoiye hostokhyep korisil ney naai, jodiu eitu sposto je eku xoloni huwa naai. rajohuwa flo "ridat besibhag grihojudhor xomoyot ek onugoto frank" isto stand bojai rakhisil. baatori kakotot teur uddhritire teu ekotrikoronor pokhyot jukti disil; teur mote carlism aaru falengz duyutai gonotantrik, udarotabad birudhi, xongxod birudhi aaru ketholik aasil, teu logote daabi korisil je duyutai bhobisyote rajotwobadi xomadhanxomuh rupayan koriboloi xomorthon korisil. spostobhabe teu poromporagot formatetu jiman paare ximan bikoxito koriboloi chesta korisil, aan kisuman fait karzobahii carlist roja carls VII aaru alphonsu carlsor xonmanot dhormupodexot ongxogrohon korisil baa rajyik dole prothomote paalon koraa martears di lasionok utxorgito barxik carlist bhujot ongxogrohon korisil. aanhate, teu notun xoilir onusthanot ongxogrohon korar poraa birot nasil, jene salamankat najhi mukhyo karzaloyot bhuj. 1938 sonot teu salamankat fete jefe pradexik hisape kaam korisil, xadharonote protikhon prodexor 3 taa ataitkoi guruttopurno oxamorik podor bhitorot etaa; teur karzokalor xothik tarikh ki aasil xeya sposto nohoy. frankubadi rajnoitik storor xirxot thoka fluoridar keriyar 1939 sonor grishmokalor xexor faale xex hoisil. aagostor xexor faale teu etiyau rajohuwa onusthanot concegeru nesnel hisape ongxogrohon korar khobor puwa goisil, kintu septembor maahot eitu xoloni hoisil; teu nijoke dwitiyo conceju nesnelot nijukto huwa lukoxokolor bhitorot bisari puwa nasil aaru 1940 sonor poraa teu presot kewol "konde di laa fluorida" buli prokax paisil. poramorxo luwa kunu xutroi dolor karzobahir poraa teur prosthanor bixoye kunu ontordristi prodan nokore, aaru bixexkoi ee onugrohor poraa huwa poton aasil ney protyaharor ek xoseton xiddhanto aasil. notun dolor xindicate formator xoite hotax huwar pisot podotyag hoh "bob paare; etaa abhyontorin xonghator pholsworupe ee prantik huwar xombhawona aasil, kiyonu eitu raamon cheranu suneror dwara bipothgami huwa aan etaa carlist juwakin baur xoite ghotisil, bixexkoi fluoridai rajohuwabhabe rajtontror onibarzo punoruddhar ghuxona kori aasil. rajnoitik owoxor aaru dirgho bardhokyo (1939 sonor pisot). 1940-ror doxokor aarombhonite flo "rida etiyau rajohuwa jiwanat uposthito aasil, jene.ji. poromporagot-swadere poripurno bhujot ongxogrohon korar xomoyot kisuman havywaite ongxogrohon kore. 1942 sonot teuk tritiyo conceju nesnelot nijukti diya huwa nasil aaru teur rajnoitik jiwan nischitbhabe xex huwa zen lagisil. eitu hoyotu thik tenekuwa nasil, jihetu 1944 sonot teu sorkari bixoyaxokolor maajot protibedon diya hoisil, jene sobsekretorio "di industria". obosye eitu nischitbhabe teur frank "isto khondor xex aasil; taar pisot teur doll baa sorkaror xoite xomporko thokar kotha ullekh koraa huwa nasil. teu carlismor poraa etaa jolofai xakha grohon koraa nasil; 1942 sonot ghuxona korisil je falangijomere daag peluwa xokoluke teulukor rajyik dolor xongzug tyag korar baabe punor preron koraa hoh 'bob paare; kisuman netar aasonir poraa ei prostabtu spostobhabe baad diya hoisil, kintu fluorida teulukor bhitorot nasil. 1940-ror doxokor xexor faale teu rikardu orejar baabe rajohuwabhabe xomorthon prodorxon korar baabe udyom korisil, jetiya teur puroni xomoyor xotirtho melista medrid pour nirbasonot xofol hoisil. jodiu itimodhye owoxoror boyoxot, fluorida keibatau udyugot xokriyo hoi aasil, besibhag khonij xompod aaru nirbhorxil byowoxayor xoite xomporkito, jene nirman baa pharmaceutical; xeiburor kisuman, rumer dore, medrid grain bhiyar dore xonmaniyo sthanot brihot sukti korisil. 1950-ror doxokot teu niyomitbhabe xomaj stombhot obhinoy korisil, nijor poriyalor xoite xomporkito aaru xomporkito obhijat bhujot ongxogrohon korisil. teur rajnoitik byostota pray ostitwohin aasil, kewol teu martears dey laa tradion nirdexot uposthito aasil. 1950-ror doxokor majbhagot eitu hothate xoloni hoisil. 1956 sonot flo "ridak grain kruj dell maritu sibhil botaa prodan koraa hoisil, jitu ek oti xonmaniyo frankubadi xonman. 1957 sonot teu 70 john bixisto carlistor bhitorot aasil jiye olof 'nosisto dabikari donn juwanor xoite teulukor dirghodiniya xomporko xomapto korisil. poromporagot nitir anusthanik grohonjugyotar baabe xontusto hoi teuluke teuk carlistor dristikunor porau uttoradhikaror baabe upojukto buli ghuxona kori xinghaxonor boidho uttoradhikari hisape ghuxona kore. tothakothito "esto" rilus "ror bhitorot onyotomo bixisto fluorida dabikarir conceju pribhadut prowex korisil, teur jiwanor xexoloike podtu bojai rakhisil. egoraki ostojonon flo "rida hisapeu xamajik onusthanot ongxogrohon kori aasil, ketiyaba oxombhob bhumika grohon korisil; 1962 sonot teu ek mohila xoundorjyo protijugitat jureer ongxo gothon korisil. teu dhormiyo karzokolapor xoite jorito hoi aasil, bixexkoi hermandad di kabeleru di chaan juwan boutista waai nuestra senura di laax merchidesor rengkot; maaje maaje teu datobyo podokhyepor xobhapotitwo korisil. xabodhane teu poromporagot oitijyo swikar kori thakil; 1960-ror doxokor xexor faale bhajkej di melar smritit utxorgito xangoskritik onusthanor uporiu teu hermandad di christu rei di requates ex combatientsot niyujit hoisil, anusthanikbhabe grihojudhor jujaruxokolor carlistor ek xongothon jodiu onuxilonot ek notunkoi udbhob huwa progotibadi gutor biruddhe lokhyo kori ek poromporagot bolwark aasil; kunu kothai teur potobhumir bixoye obogoto nasil buli ingito nidiye aaru 1960 aaru 1970-ror doxokot itihaxbidxokole byapokbhabe carlismor abhyontorin bibhajonor bixoye alusona korisil. 1960-ror doxokor xexor faleu teu juwanista xongzugor kheti kori aasil; 1970-ror doxokot teu kewol teur naati-naatonir bibahot uposthito thokar baabe ullekh koraa hoisil.

eyi karone, tommus dolz deey espezo ebong muzu munoz cerrano oyee duforock-salinis, laa floridara 5maum kaunta (1879-1974) ekjon spanish rajnitibid ebong byabasayi chhilen. pray 30 bochor dhorey tini oitijjobad ebong carlismer modhye prochar korechilen. porjaykrome tini anchalik doler netritter chakri korten, jodio deshbyapi tini borong pichoner sarite chhilen. tini prothom janta politica ebong concejo nationaler sadasya hisabe sorbadhik porichito, soddo toiri francoist steta party, falange spanish oitijjobahir nirbahi sangostha. poribar oo jubosomaj. dolz bongsho dakkhin aragoner saathe somporkito; err prothom protinidhira 12 shotoker shesher dike ullekh koraa hoyechilo, ekbar sofol punargathan terruel daabi korechilo. poribarti prathomikbhabe albaraciner saathe jukto chhilo, somoyer saathe saathe protibeshi kauntite chhoriye porey. aspjo bongsher utpotti valencia rajyer uttaranchal theke, jekhane taaraa bosobas korey. 17 shotoker godar dike duti poribar antohbibahito hoy, jaa dolz dii espezo shakhar jonmo deyo. err onek sadasya spener itihase taader naam toiri korechilen; tomaser propitamoho, pedro federico dolz dii espezoke 1789 saale condey dii laa florida upadhite bhushito koraa hoyechilo. taanr putro, 2yoy kaunta ebong tomaser pitamaha, pedro publo dolz dii espezo, nepolia juger somoy nijeke alada korechilen. 1833 saale prothom carlist juddher pradurbhaber somoy tini boidhotabadider pokkho niyechilen; porajoyer porr tini nirbasone zaan ebong 1842 saale bordote maaraa zaan. taar chhele ebong tomaser baba, pedro manuel dolz dii espezo (1820-1879), tritiya ganana hisabe spene firey eshe terrueler paribarik jommy punra dhorey neyo. tini carlister shadayantre jog diyechilen, orthonoitik vishaygulir saathe tritiya carlist juddher somoy; etty carlist dwara jaari koraa notgulite taanr swakkhar chhilo. tinio nirbasone giye beyone bosoti sthapon corren. tini arekti abhijato aragon poribarer ekti meyeke biye korechilen, maria ebong eu duforock-salinis (1843-1920). 1876 theke 1879 saaler modhye eyi dampatir 3tii santan chhilo; dui putrer modhye chhoto hisebe france jonmogrohon corren tommus. etaa sposhto noy jey bidhoba ebong ordho-orphanra kakhan spene firey esechilo; 1888 saale terueler paribarik prasade taake prothom ullekh koraa hoyechilo. poramorsho koraa konao sutroi tomaser prathomik bochorgulir tothyo sarbaraha koreni, byatito jey taake "esquela deey laa lialtad oyai bolly"-teey borh koraa hoyechilo. tini kothay padashona korechen taa sposhto noy; kaaron porey taanke "engineer" bolla hoyechilo, tini sombhoboto prajukti niye padashona korechilen, sombhoboto madrid-ayee. 1900-err doshke anirdishto somoye tini nirmane nijukto chhilen; 1911 saale tini ekti madrid-vittik sangostha, laa constructor manager hisabe porichito chhilen. 1912 saale taanke "propiatorio" hisabe ullekh koraa hoy; tini 1913 saale taanr borh bhaiyer akal ebong nisshontan mrityur porey paribarik byabosa grohon corren, choturtho ganana; tini upadhio uttoradhikarsutre peyechilen. 1912 saale tommus dolz maaraa deey laa estrela gonzalez deey laa riva vidiela (1882-1989) keey biye corren, jini 9maum konna. eyi dampati 1913 theke 1914 saaler modhye jonmogrohonkari taader 3tii santan chhilo. jodio ekmatro putro, carlos dolz dii espezo oyai gonzalez dii laa riva (1913-2013), ekjon biman bahinir general, 1976 saaler sabcheye bikhyato spanish eufo ghotonar saathe sangkhepe ganomadhyomer drishti akarshan korechilen. ekti chhoto meye, maria, antonio galbys lauriga, condey dii morphy, general dii artilleria ebong ayudante onerphysio too franco biye korechilen. tommus ebong marrier asankhya naati-natnider modhye, sabcheye beshi porichito hollen carlos dolz dii espezo oyai aerospide, byabasayi ebong 7maum condey dii laa florida ebong alfonso galbys dolz dii espezo, ekjon chitroshilpi. prathomik rajnaitik karmajiban (1919 saal porjonto). dui projonmer purbopurushder saathe boidhotar karone dolz anusaran korte prostuto boley money hoyechilo, biseshoto taar maao ekti oitijjobadi poribar theke esechilen. tobey, taanr joubone oitijjobad muldhara carlist ebong bichchinno sanhatkarider modhye bivokto chhilo. taanr bhai, matro 2 bochorer borh, bidrohider pokkho niyechilen; 1893 saale 16 bochor boyse tini prokashye nocedalistader pokkhe samarthan janiyechilen. 1890-err doshke pedro dolz dii espezo integrist kathamote briddhi peyechilo, 1900 saale valencian janta pradeshiker sabhapati hoye othe ebong 1907 saale valencian janta anchalik nirbahi bibhage probesh korey. zaihok, poramorsho koraa konao sutroi nischito korey naa (baa aswikar korey naa) jey tommus taar borh bhaike anusaran korechilen; 1910-err doshoker godar dike, tini rajnitite nijukto chhilen boley nothibhukto koraa hoyney. dolz 1911 saale rajnaitik poribeshe prothom ullekh koraa hoyechilo, tini sanhatabadi ebong joimist sankhyalaghu ubhoyer oitijjobadi protinidhider samarthan prodorshon korechilen, jaaraa corte byarthobhabe block korar chesta korechilo. 1912 saale tini ekti tattikbhabe arajnaitik kintu prokritopokkhe atyanta rakkhanshil abhijato sangathane bhorti hohn. taar borh bhaiyer mrityur porr tini terruel rajye kichuta morjadapurno byaktitto hoye othen ebong eibhabe nirbachoni daude jog deoar siddhanta nenh 1914 saale tini terruel prodesher ekti zela morah dii rubilos theke courte daude zaan; etio prothombar tini nijeke ekjon jayamista ghoshana korechilen, jini donn jaimer dabike samarthankari gaadir talika shakhar sadasya chhilen. eyi prochestati akal promanito hoy ebong tini vijayi prarthir cheye 10 guno qama bhot peye shochaniyabhabe herey zaan. porajoyer porr florida kokhonyi sangsader jonno taar prostab punornobikoroner vishayti nischito koreni. 1910-err doshoker majhamajhi somoye florida, jaa itimodhyei sangbadmadhyame "rico propiatorio" hisabe ullekh koraa hoyeche, itimodhyei sampurnarupe jayamista kathamote nijukto chhilo. 1915 saale tini madrid latina zela theke porer bochorer cortes nirbachone ongsho neben boley gujab chhoriye porey; abosheshe khabarti mithya promanito hoy, jodio 1916 saale tini ekti nirbachoni joat gathone byasto chhilen jaar modhye oitijjobadi prodhan shatru, udarponthirao antarbhukta chhilo. 1917 saale tini asonno nirbachoni prochare prarthi korar jonno joymist, integrist, mourist ebong swadhin prarthider ekti nirbachoni unionke seelmohar korar jonno kaaj korechilen. tini madrid pour joimist sangathaner prothom sachib hoye othen, 1918 saale err jefete briddhi paan ebong shighroi pradeshik madrid kathamor jefeo hoye othen, jodio sadharonbhabe doler ekjon pichoner sarir byaktitto chhilen. jodio tini donn jaimer proti puropuri onugoto boley money hoyechilo, carlismer modhye notun abhyantarin dwandwe florida taar mool tattik, juan vazcage dii meller pokkhe chhilo. etty cable danponthi joter proti melister sadharan probonota dwara prodorshito hoyney, borong mohan juddhe niropekkho abosthaner pokkheo chhilo, jaa ekti kaushal jaa probonchok anubhutir biruddhe ladai korar uddeshye ebong karjokorbhabe kendriya shoktigulike samarthan korar uddeshye chhilo. florida eyi dwandwer prodhan nayakder modhye chhilen naa ebong potobhumite theke zaan; tobey, 1919 saale jokhon vazcage dii mella venge zaan ebong nijer doll gathon corren, tokhon dolz dii espezo taanr saathe jog deoar siddhanta nene. bidrohi melista ebong carlister modhye punarmilan (1919-1936). 1920 saale florida 3 sadasyer melista castilla laa nueva nirbahite jog deyo; 1921 saale, tini madrid-ayee jeff pradeshik ebong doler jubo bibhager madrid shakhar sammanik sabhapati, juventud catoelica tradicionalister podo grohon corren. madrid-ayee notun cinema holl nirman, dharmiya uddeshye ortho sangraha, morokkote seena abhijane anudan daan oo sangathito koraa, catholic anusthane ongsho neoa, kheladhulake samarthan koraa-eyi bivinno uddoger sange jorito thucker kotha bolla hoyeche-tobey tini doler kathamo nirmane byasto chhilen naa boley ullekh koraa hoyeche. 1922 saale tini zaragoza onusthito ekti sadharan melista sommelone jog deena ebong notun doler gathon chudanta korar kotha chhilo. samabeshti nobogothito partido tradiconalister komite directivo chaalu korey; florida err 3 sadasyer modhye ekti chhilo. tini madrid jeffe pradeshik hisabeo nischito hoyechilen, samoyikbhabe "provincius dell centro, soor oyai oste dii espana"-err command deoa hoyechilo. 1923 saale maiguel primo dii riverer abhyutthan jokhon desher samasta rajnaitik dolke nishiddho korechilo tokhon melista prokolpoti khub komoi karjokor hoyechilo. florida gopaniyatar dike sorey yaay, jonosadharoner modhye datobbo ebong abhijato samajer glamour jonno bikhyato. madrider basinda, tini terrueler laa florida sampatti ebong valencier estategulite taar kharach korchilen. gaadi dekhe mugdho hoye tini ekti sitzes sarkita porichalona korechilen, asol autoville clubey utkorsho orjon korechilen ebong ekti porjotok porjalochonar soho-porichalona korechilen; ekti notun dokaner malik, taar gaadi churi naa haoya porjonto atirikto gaadi chaalaanor jonno taake jarimana koraa hoyechilo. jommy malikanadhin sampatti baade, tini besh koyekti uddoger baire bosobas korten; nirman sangostha chharao tini sociedad spanish dii talcos ebong compania dii segros omnier sabhapati chhilen. dictablanda"-rawr somoy dolz notun korey rajnaitik prochesta shuru corren. 1930 saaler meey maase alfonso xiii taanke grohon corren. kromobordhoman projatontro joarer biruddhe tini rajtantrer matite dandiyechilen, purano dhancher deshprem gadey tulechilen. jogdaner porr, 1931 saaler aprile tini madrid ayuntamiyento-rawr nirbachone err tikite daudechilen. projatontro ghoshanar porr florida taar rajdhani bideshe sthanantar korar chesta korey. customs servicer haate atok hoye tini atok hohn ebong sombhoboto pachar haoya kichhu sompod bajeyapta korar jonno bhugte hoy. anirdishto somoye tini carlist anugotter dike firey asen, jaa 1932 saale praktan joymistus, integristus ebong melistus-err saathe punra jog deyo. 1933 saale tini castilla laa nuever anchalik jeffe nijukto hohn. tattikbhabe morjadapurno podey adhisthito haoya sotteo, florida biseshbhabe sakriya boley money hoyney; doler boithoke boktrita deoar jonno tini khub komoi nothibhukto chhilen. ebong itihasbidra projatontrer somoy carlist karjokrom niye alochona korar somoy taanr naam pray ullekh corren naa. anyanno rajtantrabadi ebong danponthi gosthir saathe joter bitorkito proshno baa condey dii rodezno ebong manuel faler modhye abhyantarin netritter protidwondita somporke taanr abosthan qee chhilo taa sposhto noy. 1935 saale porobortiti communioner jonno tehbil sangathito korar dayittoprapto ekti sangostha janta dii hassienda taar mononoyon shuru korey. rajnaitik chudanta porjaye (1936-1937). 1936 saaler julaier abhyutthaner jonno florida carlist prostutite nijukto chhilo kina taa sposhto noy. kichhu sootro daabi korey jey 1936 saaler september majhamajhi somoye tini leone anchaler jonno carlist commisserio dii guerrer jonno manoneet hohn; septembore, tini siudad rodrigote abirbhuto hohn, jaa anurodher sangathito korte byasto chhilo; octobore, taar leone prochesta taake notun carlist regent, donn javier kachh theke dhonnobader ekti chitthi laav korey. jodio tini jatiya carlist juddhokalin nirbahi, janta national carlista dii guerrer sadasya hisabe talikabhukto nonn, salamanka bosobas korey tini communion netader boithoke ongsho nitey shuru korechilen. jey karonguli sampurnarupe sposhto noy taar abosthan briddhi paay; sombhoboto 1936 saaler december maase ekti carlist jaruri boithoke sovapotitto korar jonno ekjon ayojok florida, jaa francore daabi jey spener chhede choley yaay taa mokabela korar jonno daca hoyechilo. tini qee abosthan niyechilen taa sposhto noy; kichhu itihasbid eyi dintike niye alochona korey taanke "rodezno 'rawr mitro" hisabe ullekh corren, jaa poramorsho deyo jey florida prostab korechilo jey chudanta satarkata grohon koraa hobey. 1937 saaler godar dike carlistora ekti rashtriya doley jorpurbak ekibhuto howar sombhabonar mukhomukhi hoyechilo; dabidar ebong falcondista hathkari monovab beche niyechilo, rodezno ebong naverres alochonar jonno beche niyechilo. florida insua february ekti boithoke uposthito chhilen ebong rhodeznistuser pokkhe chhilen, podtio marche bojay chhilo. apriler godar dike tini kichuta bidrohi navaris janta central-err ekti boithoke ongsho niyechilen; etty ekti franco-addressed prostab grohon korechilo jaa carlist, falangist ebong caudillo-err nijuktoder samanwaye gothito ekti directorio poramorsho diyechilo. apriler majhamajhi somoye tini bergose daca 4 john carlister modhye ekjon chhilen; generalcimo taader asonno rajnaitik ekikaran somporke abohito korechilen. etaa sposhto noy jey keena taake franco dwara bachhai koraa hoyechilo; keu keu money corren jey taar prayojaniya niyog karjokromer karone florida sabcheye "susposhto" carlistgulir modhye chhilo. seii somoy franco ebong taanr sahojogira itimodhyei rashtriya doler karjonirbahir byaktigato gathon ghoshana korar kotha bibechona korchilen. prathomikbhabe chinnito carlistgulir modhye florida chhilo naa; sangkhipto talikabhukto prarthider saathe franco dwara uposthapito, rodezno poramorsho diyechilen jey marcelino ulibarike baad deoa hoyeche ebong arow ekti asson carlister jonno sanrakkhito royeche, florida ebong jose maria majoner naam soho asche. prostabti grihito hoy ebong 22shhey april dolz nijeke 10 sadasyer "secretariodo oo zanta politica" off faleng spanish tradicanalister manoneet 4 john carlister modhye khunje paan. err samasta sadasyader modhye tini sombhoboto sabcheye qama porichito chhilen; niyogkarider somporke sangbadpatra-prokashito sangkhipto notgulir modhye, taanr sangkhiptatama chhilo. janta kortrik nijukto koyekjon soho onek carlistke atyanta hotash korechilo; rajprotinidhi khipto hoye porechilen. june maase carlist genteros taake jantai taader uposthitir anumodan ditey boley, kintu konao laav hoyney; porey anugatya longghoner jonno sobaike communion theke bohishkar koraa hoy. nirbahi baa figurehead (1937-1939). jantai bajbazder deoa ebong neoar abhabe hotash hoye kichhu carlist francore kachhe abhijog corren; falaswarup 1937 saaler octobor maase onno ekti daliya sangostha, 50 sadasyer concejo nationale mononoyon deoa hoy. florida nijeke 12 john carlist manoneet byaktir modhye khunje peyechilo ebong itimadhye francoist spener sorbochcho abosthaner besamoric nagrikder modhye dridhobhabe bosey chhilo, duti sangosthai bosey rajye onumodito ekmatro rajnaitik sangathanke porichalona korchilo. tobey, onek itihasbid ekmat jey ubhoy nirbahi kathamoi chhilo borong alongkarik ebong puro doll seii porjaye ekti nobagoto kathamo chhilo, jaa nischito korar jonno jey khomota francore saathe thaake ebong ekhono taar poroborti gotibidhi orjon korte paare. uporontu, carlistora etaa dekhe khubdho hoyechilo jey, taader jey sangathanti niyantran korte paare baa ontoto prabhab bistar korte paare, taa kromobordhomanbhabe fallenger ekti notun sangaskarane porinoto hachche, ebong syndicate neel-shirtguli poddhotigotobhabe uporer haat dhoreche. ekikaraner porr rank-anned-file taader netader jantai bomabarshan korte shuru korey ebong samarthan cheye bibhranto howar abhijog niye concejote. eyi note ebong phone kolgulir prapok hisabe florida protishrutiboddho samarthan hisabe record koraa hoyeche; etty sposhto noy jey tini sottii hostokkhep korechilen kina, jodio etty sposhto jey kichui poribortito hoyney. jonosadharoner modhye grihojuddher beshirbhag somoy judey florida ekti onugoto francoist abosthan bojay chhilo. sangbadpatre taanke uddhrito koraa hoyechilo ekikaraner pokkhe jukti deoa; taanr motey carlism ebong falanj ubhayi chhilo ganotantrobirodhi, udarponthi, sangsadbirodhi ebong catholic, tini arow daabi korechilen jey ubhayi bhabishyate bastobayito howar jonno rajtantrabadi somadhanke samarthan korechilo. sposhtotoi tini jotota sombhob oitijjobadi binnas gadey tolar chesta korechilen, onno kichhu fait nirbahira carlist king carlos VII ebong alfonso karloske somman janiye dhormopodeshgulite ongsho niyechilen baa rashtriya doll dwara prathomikbhabe palito martiers dii lacioner proti nibedito barshik carlist bhoje ongsho niyechilen. onnodike, tini salamankar natsi sodor doftore bhojer moto notun dhancher anusthane jog deoa theke biroto chhilen naa. 1938 saale tini salamanka fete jeffe pradeshik hisabe kaaj korechilen, sadharonoto protiti prodesher 3 tii guruttopurno besamoric abosthaner modhye ekti; taanr meyader sothik tarikhguli sposhto noy. 1939 saaler grisser shesher dike francobadi rajnaitik storer shirshe floridara karmajiban shesh hoy. auguster shesher dike tini concegero national hisabe public evente ongsho neoar kotha jaanaa yaay, tobey septembore etty poribortito hoy; tini nijeke dwitiya concejo nationale nijuktoder modhye khunje panni ebong 1940 saal theke tini sangbadpatre cable "konde dii laurida" hisabe report koraa hoyechilo. poramorsho koraa konao sutroi doler karjonirbahir kachh theke taanr prosthan somporke konao antardrishti deyo naa, ebong biseshoto etty onugroher poton baa prottaharer sachetan siddhanta kina. notun doler syndicate formatter saathe hotashar porey etty podotyag hotey paare; etty ekti abhyantarin dwandwer foley prantikokoroner shicker hotey paare, kaaron etty joakin bauer saathe ghotechilo, ramon cerrano suner dwara bibhranto arekti carlist, biseshoto florida prokashye rajtantrer anibarjo punoruddhar ghoshana korey. rajnaitik abosar ebong deergho bardhokyo (1939 saaler porr). 1940-err doshoker godar dike florida tokhono jonojibone uposthito chhilo, jemonoh sheersho rajnaitik uddayane arr nei.zii. oitijjobad-swader bhojgulite ongsho neoa kichhu bharee ozon dwara uposthito. 1942 saale tini tritiya jatiya sommelone nijukto hononi ebong taanr rajnaitik karmajiban aboshyoi shesh hoye geche boley money hoyechilo. etty thhik eyi khettre naao hotey paare, jemon 1944 saale sarkari kormokortader modhye tini report koraa hoyechilo, jemon subsecratorio dii industria hisabe ullekh koraa hoyechilo. tobey, etty aboshyoi taanr francoist porbogulir shesh porbo chhilo; porey taanr arr doll baa sarkarer saathe somporkito ullekh koraa hoyney. tini carlism theke ekti jalpai shakha grohon korenni; 1942 saale ghoshana korechilen jey jaaraa falangbad dwara dagjukto taader taader rashtriya doler sangjog porityag korar karone punra probesh koraa jete paare; prostabti sposhtobhabe kichhu netader prokolpo theke baad deoa hoyechilo, tobey florida taader modhye chhilo naa. 1940-err doshoker shesher dike tini taanr purno sahakarmi melista ricardo orezar proti jonosomokkhe samarthan prodorshon korar uddog nene, jokhon tini madrid pour nirbachone sofol hohn. jodio itimodhyei abosar grohoner boyse, florida besh koyekti uddoge sakriya chhilo, beshirbhag khaniz sompod ebong nirbharshil byabosar saathe somporkito, jemon nirman baa pharmaceuticals; taader modhye kichhu, jemon ramhe, madrid gryana vier moto morjadapurno sthane motaa chukti korechilo. 1950-err doshke tini niyomitovabe societ kolame uposthito chhilen, abhijato bhojgulite jog diten jaa taanr nijer poribarer saathe somporkito ebong somporkito chhilo naa. taanr rajnaitik byastata pray astittohin chhilo, tobey tini martiers deey laa tradicion dhormopodeshgulite ongsho niten. 1950-err doshoker majhamajhi somoye etty hothat korey poribortito hoy. 1956 saale floridake gryana kruz dell merito civille pradan koraa hoy, jaa ekti atyanta morjadapurno francoist somman. 1957 saale tini 70 john carlister modhye chhilen, jaaraa alphonsabadi dabidar donn juaner saathe taader dirghodiner somporko shesh korechilen. oitijjobadi nitigulir anusthanik grohonjoggota taanke uttoradhikarer jonno upojukto korey tuleche boley santushta hoye, taaraa taanke singhasaner boidho uttoradhikari ghoshana korey. tothakothito "estorillos"-err modhye onnotomo bishishto florida dabidar-err concejo prevadote probesh korey, jey podti taar jeeboner shesh abodhi bojay chhilo. ekjon ashtajananshil florida hisabeo samajik anusthane ongsho nitey thaake, kokhono kokhono asambhab bhumika grohon korey; 1962 saale tini ekti mohila soundorjo protijogitai ekti jurir ongsho gathon corren. tini dharmiya kormokande nijukto chhilen, bishesh korey harmandad deey cableros deey shaan juan bautista oo nuestra senora deey laas mercedeser podey; majhe majhe tini datobbo uddoger sovapotitto korten. sotorkotar saathe tini oitijjobadi oitijhyo sweekar korte thaken; 1960-err doshoker shesher dike vazcage dii meller smritite nibedito sangoskritik anusthanguli chharao tini hermanded dii christo rei dii requets eksa combattients-ayee nijukto chhilen, anusthanikbhabe grihojuddher joddhader ekti sangathan, jodio onushilone abhyantarin carlist dwandwe ekti oitijjobadi prachir, jaa ekti notun udiyaman progami gosthir biruddhe lakkhya koraa hoyechilo; kichui ingito korey naa jey tini patabhumi somporke sachetan chhilen ebong 1960 ebong 1970-err doshke itihasbidra carlismer abhyantarin bibhajan niye byapokbhabe alochona korechilen. 1960-err doshoker shesher dikeo tini juanista sangjog gadey tulte thaken; 1970-err doshke tini cable taanr naati-natnider biyete jog deoar jonno porichito chhilen.

khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, khaas kareene, tomus dolz dii espejo aneey reyu munoz seraano vaay duforak-salinis, laa floridani floridani ganatari (1879-1974) aek spanish rajkarani aneey udhyogpati hataa. lagbhag 30 varsh sudhee temane paramparavad aneey carlisma prachaar karyo. samayaantare teo praadeshik pakshna netrutvani nokareeo sambhaaltaa hataa, joke rashtravyapi teo paachhalni harolmaan rahyaa hataa. teo pratham junta politica aneey concejo nationalnaa sabhy tareeke jaanita chhe, jeey navaa banaavela francoist raajy paksh, falange espanola traditionalistana kaarykaari sansthao chhe. parivaar aneey yuvaano. dolz vansh dakshin eregon saathe sambandhit chhe; tenaa pratham pratinidhio pratinidhio sadeena antamaa nondhvaamaa aavyaa hataa, aekvaar safal punahpraaptino daavo terruel hato. aaa parivaar sharuaatmaa albaracin saathe jodaayelo hato, jeey samay jataa padoshi kaauntioma felaayo hato. espejo vansh valencia rajyanaa uttareey bhagomathi udbhavyo hato, jeey aheen rahe chhe. banne parivaaroae parivaaroae sadeeni sharuaatmaa aantarvivaah karyaa hataa, jenaathi dolz dii espejo shaakhaano uday thayo hato. tenaa ghanaa sabhyoae spainnaa itihaasmaa temnaa naamo banaavya; tomasnaa mahaan-daadaa, pedro federico dolz dii aspageone aspageone konde dii laa fluoridanu birud aapvama aavyu hatoo. temnaa putra, beeja kaaunt aneey tomasnaa daadaa, pedro pablo dolz dii espejoae napolean yug darmiyan potaane pratishthit karyaa hataa. hataa pratham carlist yuddh faatee nikalyaa pachhi temane kaaydesarvaadiono paksh leedho; haar baad teo deshnikaalmaa gayaa aneey aneey bordomaa mrutyu pamya. temnaa putra aneey tomasnaa pitaa, pedro manual dolz dii espejo (1820-1879), triji ganatari tareeke spainma parat faryaa aneey teryualmaa paarivaarik jameenno fareethi daavo karyo. aarthik muddaao saathe sonpavama aavela trija carlist yuddh darmiyan teo carlist shadayantrama pann jodaya hataa; teey carlist dwara jaaree karaayelee banknote parr temnee sahee hatee. teey pann deshnikaalmaa gayo, aneey beonma sthaayi thayo. tene anya kuleen eregan parivaarni chhokari, maria andreau vaay duforak-salinis (1843-1920) saathe lagna karyaa. 1876 aneey 1879 nee vachche aaa dampatine 3 baadako hataa; tomasno janm francemaa beey putromaa naana tareeke thayo hato. vidhavaa aneey ardh-anaatho spain kyaare parat faryaa teey spasht nathee; tenee 1888 maan teruelma paarivaarik mahelmaan pratham vakhat nondhvaamaa aavee hatee. koee pann strotoni salaahthi tomasnaa praarambhik varsho vishe maahitee aapvama aavee naa hatee, sivaay keey teno uchher "escuela dii laa lialtad vaay balidaano" maan karvaamaa aavyo hato. temane temnu shikshan kyaanthi melavyu teey naa too spasht chhe; kaaran keey paachhalthi temne "angineer" tareeke odakhvaamaa aavyaa hataa, temane kadaach medridmaa technologyno abhyaas karyo hato. hato daykama aek achokkas samaye teo bandhkamma rokaayela hataa; saupratham teo medrid stheet kampani, laa constructorana manager tareeke jaanita hataa. hato temne "propiaterio" tareeke odakhvaamaa aavyaa hataa; temane temnaa motaa bhaina akaale aneey nihsantan mrutyu pachhi, pachhi paarivaarik vyavsaay sambhaalyo, chothaa ganak; temne pann aaa khitaab varsama malyo hato. hato tomus dolze dolze taarikhe mrutyu pameli meriyaa dii laa astrela gonzalez dii laa rivaa videla (1882-1989) saathe lagna karyaa hataa. aaa dampati konde aranda khaate medridmaa sthaayi thayu; temnaa 3 baadako hataa, jeno janm 1913 aneey 1914 nee vachche thayo hato. temathi koee pann jaaher vyaktee naa bunny, joke ekmatra putra, carlos dolz dii espejo vaay gonzalez dii laa rivaa (1913-2013), aek havaai dalnaa general, 1976 nee sauthee prakhyaat spanish yufo ghatanana sambandhma toonk samayma midiyaanu dhyaan khenchyu. aek naanee putri, maria antonio galbis loriga, konde dii morphy, general dii artilleria aneey aeudente onerphysio too franco saathe lagna karyaa. tomus aneey mariana asankhya pautromathi, sauthee vadhu jaanita chhe carlos dolz dii espejo vaay aerospide, udhyogpati aneey 7 mee konde dii laa florida, aneey alphonso galbis dolz dii espejo, aek chitrakaar. praarambhik raajkeey karkirdi (1919 sudhee). purvajoni beey pedhheeo kaaydesartaa maate sevaa aaptaa hovathi, dolz pann tene anusarvaa maate taiyar hovaanu janaatu hatoo, khaas kareene tenee maataa pann paramparaavaadi parivarmathi aavee hatee. jooe keey, temnee yuvani darmiyan paramparavad mukhya pravaahnee carlists aneey alag thayela ekikaranvadioma vahenchaayelo hato. temnaa bhaai, maatra 2 varsh motaa, badvakhorono paksh leedho; leedho; 16 varshnaa hataa tyaare temane jaaherma nocedalista maate samarthan aapyu hatoo. hatoo daaykaa darmiyan pedro dolz dii espejo aekeekrut malkhama vikasyo, vikasyo valencian junta praantiyanaa pramukh banyaa aneey aneey valencian junta pradeshikna karobarima pravesh karyo. jooe keey, salah lenar koee pann srot pushti (athavaa incar) karatu nathee keey tomus temnaa motaa bhaaine anusartaa hataa; 1910 naa daaykaani sharuaat sudhee, teo rajkaranma rokaayela hovaanu nondhvaamaa aavyu naa hatoo. dolznee saupratham saupratham raajkeey vatavaranma nondh levaamaa aavee hatee, temane aekeekrut aneey jamist laghumateeo bannena paramparaavaadi pratinidhione teko darshaavyo hato, jemane courtma avrodhvaano vyarth prayaas karyo hato. hato temne saiddhaantik reete biin-raajkeey parantu hakeekatma atyant rudhichust kuleen sansthama dakhal karvaamaa aavyaa hataa. temnaa motaa bhaina mrutyu pachhi teo terrual kshetramaa kaneek anshe pratishthit vyaktee banyaa aneey tethee chuntanini spardhama jodavanu nakki karyunh karyunh teo terrual praantnaa jilla moraa dii rubilosthee courtes sudhee dodyaa; teey pann pratham vakhat hatoo jyaare temane potaane jayamista jaaher curry, jeey doona jeimena daavane teko aaptee carlist shakhana sabhy hataa. aaa prayaas akaale saabit thayo aneey teey vijayi umedvaar karataa 10 ganaa ochha mutt melveene nirashajanak reete haaree gayo. haar baad florida sansad maate temnee boleenu navikaran karyoo hovani kyaarey pushti thaee nathee. nathee daykana madhyamaa florida, jene pahelethee jaj presamaa "riko propiaterio" tareeke odakhvaamaa aave chhe, teey pahelethee jaj jamista malkhama sampurnpane rokaayelu hatoo. hatoo teo medrid leteena jillamathi aagaami varshnee courtnee chuntanima bhaag leey tevee afavaa felai hatee; aakhare aaa samachar khotaa saabit thayaa, joke joke teo aek chuntani gathbandhan karvaamaa vyast hataa jemaa paramparagat kattar dushmano, udaarvaadiono pann samaavesh thato hato. hato temane aagaami chuntani abhiyaanmaa medaanmaa utaarvaa maate jamist, ekikaranvadio, maurist aneey swatantra umedvaaronaa chuntani sanghane seal karvaa maate kaama karyoo hatoo. teo medrid municiple jamist sansthaana pratham sacheev banyaa, banyaa tenaa jephe sudhee vadhyaa aneey toonk samayma praantiy medrid malkhaona jephe pann, joke saamanya reete pakshnee paachhalni harolmaan rahyaa. joke teo doona jaim pratye sampoorn vafaadaar laagtaa hataa, carlisma navaa aantarik sangharshma florida tenaa mukhya siddhaantkaar, juan waysquays dii melaani saathe valan dharaavtu hatoo. aaa maatra melistana jamneri jodaan maatena lakshaneek valan dwara jaj nahee, parantu mahaan yuddhmaa tatasth valannee himayat kareene pann darshavvama aavyu hatoo, jeey vyooharachnaa samarthak laganiono saamno karvaa aneey kendreey sattaaone asarkarak reete teko aapvaano hetu dharaave chhe. florida sangharshnaa mukhya patromano aek naa hato aneey teey prushthbhumima jaj rahyo; jooe keey, jyaare jyaare wazquays dii mella tutee gayo aneey potaano paksh sthaapyo, tyaare dolz dii espejoae tenee saathe jodavanu nakki karyoo. badvakhor melista aneey samadhan karel carlista (1919-1936). (1919-1936) florida 3 sabhyoni melista castilla laa nueva executivema jodaayo; jodaayo;, temane medridmaa jephe praantiyanu pada sambhaalyu aneey pakshna yuvaanoni medrid shakhana maanad pramukh, juvented ketolik traditionalista tareekeno hoddo sambhaalyo. viveedh pahelomaa rokaayela hovaanu nondhvaamaa aavyu-medridmaa navaa cinemagharoni sthaapnaa, dhaarmik hetuo maate naanaa aektra karvaa, morokkoma sainyani kaamgirima daan aneey daannu aayojan karavu, ketholik samarambhoma bhaag levo, ramatgamatne teko aapvo-joke, teo pakshna malkhana nirmanma vyast hovaanu nondhvaamaa aavyu naa hatoo. hatoo temane zaragozama yojanari saamanya melista sabhaama haajari aapee hatee aneey navaa pakshna nirmanne anteem swaroop aapvaanu hatoo. assembly navaa rachaayela partido traditionalistana komite directivone sharoo karyaa; florida tenaa 3 sabhyomathi aek hatoo. temne medrid jephe praantiy tareeke pann pushti karvaamaa aavee hatee, jaimne asthaayi rupe "provincius dail centro, suur vaay oste dii espenani" kamaan aapvama aavee hatee. hatee jyaare miguel primo dii riverana badvaae deshnaa tamaam raajkeey paksho parr pratibandh mookyo tyaare melista project bhagye jaj sharoo thayo hato. florida khangipanu paachhu khenchee leedhu, jeey jaaherma charity aneey kuleen samajni bhavyata maate jaanitu hatoo. medridnaa rahevasi, teo terruelma temnee laa florida meelkat aneey valenciama estatemaa taaro kharchata hataa. kaarthee moheet thaine temane sitz circuitnu sanchalan karyoo, vaastavik autoville klabmaa utkrushtataa melvee aneey pravasi samikshaamaa saha-sanchalan karyoo; navee dukanna maaleek, temnee kaar choree naa thaay tyaan sudhee vadhu padata vaahan chalaavvaa badal temne dund fatkarvama aavyo hato. jameen malikini meelkatone baad karataa, teo sankhyaabandh udhyogo saathe raheta hataa; bandhkam kampani upraant teo sosidad espanola dii telcos aneey compania dii segros omnia pramukh hataa. dictablanda" darmiyan dolze raajkeey prayaasonu navikaran karyoo. meey meey temne alphonso xiii dwara praapt karvaamaa aavyaa hataa. vadhata prajasattak bhartee saame teo rajashahina medaanmaa ubhaa rahyaa, juunii shaileeni deshbhakti vikasavi. april april jodaya baad teo medrid iuntamientoni chuntanima tenee ticket parr dodyaa hataa. prajasattakni ghoshana parr florida tenee raajdhaani videshma sthaanaantarit karvaano prayaas karyo. customs service dwara pakadaayela tene atkayatma levaamaa aavyo hato aneey sambhavatah daanchori karaayelee ketalik sampatti japt karvaamaa aavee hatee. anirdisht samaye teo pravesh kareene carlist vafadarima paachha faryaa, jeey jeey bhutpurv jamistas, integristas aneey melistas saathe fareethi jodaya. jodaya temne castilla laa nuevana praadeshik jephe tareeke niyukt karvaamaa aavyaa hataa. saiddhaantik reete pratishthit hoddo dharavva chhataa, florida khaas kareene sakreey janaatu naa hatoo; teo bhagye jaj pakshnee bethakomaa bolata hovaanu nondhvaamaa aavtu hatoo. aneey itihaaskaaro prajasattak darmiyan carlist pravruttioni charcha karatee vakhate temnaa naamno lagbhag ullekh kartaa nathee. anya rajashahivadi aneey jamneri jutho saathena jodanona vivadaspad prashna parr athavaa konde dii rodezno aneey manuel vachche aantarik netrutvani dushmanavat parr temnee sthitee shun hatee teey spasht nathee. nathee baadmaa junta dii hacindama temnu namankan sharoo karyoo, jeey communion maate bhandolnu aayojan karvaanee javabdari sonpavama aavee hatee. raajkeey parakashtha taraf (1936-1937). teey spasht nathee keey florida julai september badvani carlist taiyarima rokaayelu hatoo keey qema. ketlaak stroto daavo karey chhe keey september september madhyamaa temne leone pradesh maate carlist komisariyo dii gyure maate namankit karvaamaa aavyaa hataa; septembermaa, teo siudad rodrigoma ubharee aavyaa hataa, jeey vinantinaa aayojanma vyast hataa; octoberma, temnaa leone prayatnoae temne navaa carlist regent, doona javier tarafthi aabhaar patra melvyo hato. joke teo raashtriy carlist yuddh samaynaa kaarykaari, junta national carlista dii guerna sabhy tareeke soochibaddh nathee, jeey salamankama rahe chhe, temane communion netaaoni bethakomaa bhaag levaanu sharoo karyoo. jeey kaaranosar temnee sthitee sampurnpane spasht naa hatee; kadaach yajmaan florida december december carlist katokatini bethaknee adhyakshta curry hatee, jene spainmathi bahaar nikalvani franconi maangne pahonchi vadvaa maate bolavvama aavee hatee. teey spasht nathee keey temane shun valan apnaavyu; aaa divasni charcha kartaa ketlaak itihaaskaaro temne "rodezanonaa saathee" tareeke odakhaave chhe, jeey soochave chhe keey florida anteem chetvani sweekarvani darkhaast curry hatee. hatee sharuaatmaa carlistone raajy pakshmaa baljabarithi ekikaranni sambhavnano saamno karvo padyo hato; daavedaar aneey falcondistaoae hathdharmeeta pasand curry, rodezno aneey navarise vataghato maate pasandagi curry. florida insuema februarini bethakma haajar hatee aneey rodeznistano paksh leedho hato, maarchmaa pann sthitee jaalvi rakhvama aavee hatee. aprilni sharuaatmaa temane kaneek anshe badvakhor navarres junta centralni bethakma bhaag leedho hato; tene carlist, falangist aneey kaudiloni nimanukthi banelaa directoryo soochavati aek franco-addressed darkhastne apnaavi hatee. aprilnaa madhyamaa teo bargomaa bolavvama aavela 4 carlistsmanthi aek hataa; generalysimoae temne aagaami raajkeey ekikaran vishe maahitee aapee hatee. teey spasht nathee keey tene franco dwara shaa maate levaamaa aavyo hato; ketlaak soochave chhe keey florida tenee bhartee pravruttione kaarane sauthee vadhu "spasht" carlistsmaano aek hato. teey samaye franco aneey temnaa sahyogeeo pahelethee jaj jaaher karvaa maate raajy pakshna kaarobaarini vyaktigat rachnaane dhyanma laee rahyaa hataa. sharuaatmaa chinhit carlistsma florida nahotu; french dwara shortlist karaayela umedvaarone rajoo kareene, rodeznoae soochavyu hatoo keey marcellino ulibarine chhodi devaamaa aave aneey carlists maate vadhu aek bethak anaamat rakhvama aave, jemaa florida aneey jose maria mezonnaa naam aave. aaa darkhaast svikarvama aavee hatee aneey 22 aprilnaa roj dolze potaane falange aspenolana paramparagat 10-sabhyana "secretariyodo oo junta politica" maate namankit 4 carlistsma shodhee kaadhya hataa. tenaa tamaam sabhyomaa teo kadaach sauthee ochha jaanita hataa; nimanook karnaaraao vishe presa dwara prakashit tunkee nondhomaa, temnee tunkee hatee. ghanaa carlistsne khoob jaj nirash karyaa, jemaa ketlaak junta dwara niyukt karaayela loko pann saamel hataa; kaarbhaari gusse thayo hato. junamaa carlist genterose temne junta khaate temnee haajareene adheekrut karvaa maate kahyoo, parantu koee fayado thayo nahee; paachhalthi vafadarina ullanghan maate badhaane communionmathi haankee kadhvama aavyaa hataa. kaarykaari athavaa aakruti vadaa (1937-1939). jangaloma bajdhario dwara aapvaa aneey levaanaa abhavthi nirash, ketlaak carlisto franco paase fariyad curry; parinam october october anya pakshnee sanstha, 50 sabhyoni raashtriy parishadma namankan hatoo. florida potaane 12 carlist namankit lokomaanee aek tareeke shodhee kaadhe chhe aneey teey pahelethee jaj francoist spainnaa sarvoch sthaane rahela nagrikoma nishchitpane beey sansthaoma beseene rajyamaa manjuri aapvama aaveli ekmatra raajkeey sansthaane nirdeshit karatee hatee. jooe keey, ghanaa itihaaskaaro sahmat thaay chhe keey banne kaarykaari maalkhaa tenaa badale sushobhan hataa aneey teey tabakke samagr paksh aek navjaat maalakhu hatoo, jeey aee sunishchit karvaa maate hatoo keey sattaa franco saathe rahe aneey haju sudhee tenee pachhini gatishilataa praapt karvaa maate. vadhumaa, carlists aee jaanine gusse thayaa hataa keey teo jeey sansthaane niyantrit curry shake chhe athavaa ochhama ochho prabhaav dharaavtaa hovaanu manvama aavtu hatoo teey vadhune vadhu falengena navaa sanskaranma fervaai rahyu hatoo, jemaa syndicalist blue-shirt vyavsthit reete uparno haath melvee rahyaa hataa. ekikaran pachhini carlist krama-aneey-filey temnaa netaaone junta aneey concegoma padkaaro aapvaa aneey samarthan maangvaani fariyaado saathe bombamaro karvaanu sharoo karyoo. aaa nondho aneey phone collsnaa praaptkartaa tareeke floridane samarthanni pratigya tareeke nondhvaamaa aave chhe; teey spasht nathee keey tene kharekhar dakhal curry hatee keey qema, joke teey spasht chhe keey kaneepan badalaayu nathee. jaaher fluoridama motabhagna gruh yuddh darmiyan vafaadaar francoist valan jaalvi raakhyu hatoo. akhbaaromaa temne ekikaranni tarfenma daleel kartaa tankvama aavyaa hataa; temnaa janaavya anusaar carlism aneey falange banne lokshaahi veerodhi, udaarvaadi veerodhi, sansad veerodhi aneey ketholik hataa, temane aevo pann daavo karyo hato keey banneae bhavishyamaa amalmaa mukvaanaa rajashahi ukelone teko aapyo hato. dekheeti reete temane paramparagat swaroopne shakya tetalu vikasaavvaano pann prayaas karyo, ketlaak anya melavadana adheekario carlist kings carlos VII aneey alphonso kaarlosne maana aaptaa upadeshomaa haajari aape chhe athavaa martyrs dii lesiyanne samarpeet vaarshik carlist bhojanmaa bhaag leey chhe, jeey sharuaatmaa raajy paksh dwara jovama aave chhe. beejee taraf, temane salamankama naazi mukhyalayma bhojan samarambho jevaa navaa-shaileena karykramoma bhaag levaanu taalyu naa hatoo. hatoo temane salamankama fete jephe praantiy tareeke kaama karyoo hatoo, jeey saamanya reete darek praantmaa 3 sauthee mahatvapurn nagrik hoddaomathi aek hatoo; temnaa kaarykaalni chokkas taarikho shun hatee teey spasht nathee. francoist raajkeey starnee toach parr floridani karkirdi karkirdi unalana antamaa samaapt thaee. augustna antamaa pann teo concegero national tareeke jaaher karykramoma bhaag letaa hovaanu nondhayu hatoo, parantu septembermaa aaa badalaayu; teo potaane II concejo nationalma niyukt lokomaa nahota malyaa aneey aneey teo presamaa fakt "konde dii lorida" tareeke nondhvaamaa aavyaa hataa. salah levaayela koee pann srot pakshnee kaarobaari pasethi temnaa prasthaanni koee samaj aaptaa nathee, aneey khaas kareene teey krupaathi patan hatoo keey pichhehath karvaano sabhaan nirnay hato. navaa pakshna syndicalist swaroop saathe niraashaane pagale teey raajinaamu aapee shakyu hota; aantarik sangharshnaa parinaame hansiyama dhakelai shakaayu hota, kaaran keey teey joaquin baau saathe thayu hatoo, jeey ramon seraano suner dwara baajuni bajuae dhakelaayeli anya aek soochi hatee, khaas kareene keey florida jaaherma rajashahini aneevary punsthapnani jaaherat karatee rahee hatee. raajkeey nivrutti aneey laambi vruddhaavasthaa (1939 pachhi). hato daaykaani sharuaatmaa florida haju pann jaaher jeevanma haajar hatoo, etale keey, havey tochnee raajkeey udaanmaa nathee.jee. paramparagat swadwali bhojan samarambhoma bhaag levaathi ketlaak bhaare vajanvala loko haajari aape chhe. hatee; temne raashtriy parishadma niyukt karvaamaa aavyaa naa hataa aneey temnee raajkeey karkirdi chokkaspane samaapt thaee gaee hoya tevu laagtu hatoo. aaa kadaach barabar cases naa hato, kaaran keey 1944 maan sarkari adheekario vachche tenee jaana karvaamaa aavee hatee, jaim keey subsecratorio dii industriy tareeke nondhvaamaa aavee hatee. joke, aaa chokkaspane temnaa francoist episodeno chhello bhaag hato; tyarbad temno paksh athavaa sarkaar saathe koee sambandh naa hato. temane carlismanthi oliv shaakhaane sweekari naa hatee; hatee; temane jaaherat curry hatee keey jeey loko falangizamthi kalankeet chhe temne fareethi dakhal karvaamaa aavee shake chhe kaaran keey teo temnaa raajy pakshna jodanone chhodi deey chhe; aaa prastaavne yojnamathi spashtpane bakaat rakhvama aavyo hato, parantu florida temnee vachche naa hato. hato daykana antamaa temane temnaa junaa samaynaa saathee melista, jyaare medrid municiple chuntanima safal thayaa tyaare, ricardo oreja maate jaaherma samarthan darshaavvaanu saahas karyoo hatoo. jooe keey pahelethee jaj nivruttini ummare, florida sankhyaabandh saahasoma sakreey rahyu, jeey mote bhaage khanij sansadhno aneey aashrit vyavasaayo saathe sambandhit hataa, jaim keey bandhkam athavaa pharmaceuticals; temaanna ketlaak, jaim keey ramahe, medrid graan vaayaa jevaa pratishthit sthaloae motaa karaar karyaa. rahyaa daykama teo niyamitpane samaaj stambhomaa temnaa potaana parivaar saathe sambandhit aneey asambandhit kuleen tahevaroma haajari aaptaa hataa. temnee raajkeey pravruttio lagbhag astitvamaa nahoti, sivaay keey teo marchers dii laa tradician upadeshomaa haajari aaptaa rahyaa. rahyaa daykana madhyamaa aaa achaanak badlai gayoo. gayoo floridane graan cruze dail marito sivil enayat karvaamaa aavyo hato, jeey aek khoob jaj pratishthit francoist sanmaan hatoo. hatoo teo 70 jetla carlistsma saamel hataa, jemane alphonsist daavedaar doona juan saathe laambaa samaythi sambandh baandhyo hato. paramparagat siddhaantoni aupcharik svikruteeae temne carlistna drashtikonthi pann uttaradhikar maate yogya banaavya hovathi, teoae temne sinhasanna kaydesar vaarasdaar jaaher karyaa. kahevata "astorillos" maan sauthee pratishthit paikinaa aek, florida, davedarna concejo previdoma praveshyu, jeey pada temnaa jeevannaa anta sudhee jaalvi rakhvama aavyu. aek ashtajanan tareeke pann florida saamaajik karykramoma haajari aaptu rahyu, ketalikvaar asambhavit bhoomikao dhaaran kartaa; kartaa; temane maheela saundarya spardhama jurino bhaag banaavyo. teo dhaarmik pravruttiomaa rokaayela rahyaa, khaas kareene hermand dii cabaleros dii saana juan butista vaay neustra senora dii laas mercedezna hodda parr; kyarek teo charity pahelnee adhyakshta kartaa hataa. savdhanipurvak teo paramparagat vaarsaane sweekarta rahyaa; nathee daykana antamaa wazquays dii melaani yaadmaa samarpeet saanskrutik kaarykramo sivaay teo aupcharik reete carlist sivil voora ladvaiyaoni sanstha, jaim keey carlist dii christo reya dii requates ex combatantma rokaayela hataa, joke vyavhaarmaa aantarik carlist sangharshma paramparagat badvaan hatoo, jeno hetu navaa ubhartaa pragativaadi jooth saame hato; kaneepan soochavtu nathee keey teo prushthbhumithi wakef hataa aneey 1960 aneey raakhyu; daykama carlismna aantarik vibhajanni vyaapak charcha kartaa itihaaskaaro temnaa naamno ullekh kartaa nathee. nathee daykana antamaa pann temane juanista linknee khetee karvaanu chaalu raakhyu; raakhyu; daykama teo maatra temnaa pautra-pautriona lagnamaa haajari aaptaa hovaanu nondhayu hatoo.

aam taur parr tommus doles dee espezo aur reu munoz serrano vaaee duforak-salinis, laa florida kii 5veen ginati (1879-1974) ack spanish rajneta aur vyavasaayi they. lagbhag 30 varshon taka unhone parampara aur carlism key bheetar prachaar kiya. samay-samay parr way kshetriya party netritva kii naukariyon parr they, halanki rashtravyapi roop seey way peechhe kii pankti mein baney rahey. unhein pahale junta politica aur concejo national key sadasya key roop mein jaanaa jaataa haye, joe nava nirmit francovadi raajya party, falainge espanola traditionalista key karyakari nikaay hain. parivaar aur yuva. doles vansh dakshini aragon seey sambandhit haye; isake pahale pratinidhiyon koo 12 veen shatabdi key anta mein nott kiya gayaa thaa, ack baar jaba safal punarkalpana ney teruel kaa daavaa kiya thaa. parivaar shuru mein albarasin seey judaa huaa thaa, samay key saath padosi county mein fail gayaa. espezo vansh kii utpatti valencia raajya key uttari hisson seey hui, joe yahaan kaa nivasi haye. donon parivaaron ney 17veen shatabdi kii shuruat mein aapas mein vivaah kiya, jisase doles dee espezo shakha koo janm milaa. isake kaee sadasyon ney spen key itihas mein apane naam banaae; tommus key pardada, pedro federico doles dee espezo koo 1789 mein konde dee laa florida kii upaadhi seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. unake bete, dusare ginati aur tommus key daadaa, pedro pablo doles dee espezo ney napolean yug key dauran khud koo pratishthit kiya. 1833 mein pahali carlist yuddh key prakop parr unhone nyaayvidon kaa paksh liya; haar key baad way nirvaasan mein chaley gaye aur 1842 mein bordo mein unaki mrityu hoe gaee. unake bete aur tommus key pitaa, pedro manual doles dee espezo (1820-1879), teesari ginati key roop mein spen mein teruel mein parivarik bhoomi koo phir seey sweekaar karane key liye laut aae. aarthik muddon key saath saunpe gaye teesare carlist yuddh key dauran vaha carlist sajish mein bhee shamil hoe gaye; yeh carlist dwara jaari banknotes parr unake hastakshar they. vaha bhee nirvaasan mein chalaa gayaa, aur beon mein buss gayaa. unhone ack anya kuleen aragon parivaar kii ladki, maria aurareyu vaaee duforak-salinis (1843-1920) seey shaadi kii. 1876 aur 1879 key beach dampati key 3 bachche they; tomm kaa janm france mein dou beton mein seey chhote key roop mein huaa thaa. yeh spasht naheen haye kii vidhwa aur ardh-anath spen kaba laute; unhein pahali baar 1888 mein teruel mein parivarik mahal mein vaapas dekhaa gayaa thaa. kissy bhee srot ney paramarsh key baad tommus key shuruati varshon key baare mein jaankaari pradaan naheen kii, sivaay isake kii unakaa paalan-poshan "escula dee laa lialtad vaaee bully" mein kiya gayaa thaa. yeh naa tou spasht haye kii unhone apani shiksha kahaan seey praapt kii; kyonki baad mein unhein "engineer" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa, unhone shayed praudyogiki kaa adhyayan kiya, sambhavatah medrid mein. 1900 key dashak mein ack anirdisht samay mein way nirmaan mein lagey hue they; 1911 mein unhein ack madrid-adharit company, laa constructora key prabandhak key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. 1912 mein unhein "propiaterio" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya gayaa thaa; unhone apane badey bhaai, chauthe ginati kii samay seey pahale aur nihsantaan mrityu key baad 1913 mein parivarik vyavasaay koo sambhala; unhein upaadhi bhee viraasat mein millie. 1912 mein tommus doles ney maria dee laa astrella gonzalez dee laa riv vidiella (1882-1989) seey shaadi kii, joe tennient coronal dee artilleria 9 veen kii betty thee. dampati konde aranda mein madrid mein buss gaye; unake 3 bachche they, jinka janm 1913 aur 1914 key beach huaa thaa. unamen seey koee bhee saarvajanik vyakti naheen banaa, halanki ekmatra betaa, carlos doles dee espezo vaaee gonzalez dee laa reeva (1913-2013), ack vayu senaa key general, ney 1976 kii sabse prasiddh spanish eupho ghatana key sambandh mein sankshep mein media kaa dhyaan aakarshit kiya. ack chhoti betty, maria, ney antonio galbis loriga, kandey dee morphy, general dee artilleria aur ayudante onerphysio too franco seey shaadi kii. tommus aur maria key kaee potey-potiyon mein, sabse prasiddh hain carlos doles dee espezo vaaee aerospide, vyavasaayi aur 7 veen kandey dee laa florida, aur alphonso galls dee espezo, ack chitrakaar. praarambhik raajneetik jeevan (1919 taka). poorvajon kii dou peedhiyon key saath, joe nyaayvaadi kaaran kii seva curr rahey they, dolls kaa anusaran karane key liye taiyar lugg rhaa thaa, vishesh roop seey kii unaki maan bhee ack paaramparik parivaar seey aaee theen. haalaanki, unake yuva kaal key dauran parampara koo mukhyadhara kii carlist aur alag ekikaranvadiyon mein vibhajit kiya gayaa thaa. unake bhaai, kewal 2 saal key varishth, vidrohiyon kaa paksh liya; 1893 mein 16 saal key honey key naate unhone saarvajanik roop seey nocedalists key liye samarthan kii aavaaj uthaai. 1890 key dashak key dauran pedro doles dee espezo ekikrit sanrachanaon mein vikasit huaa, 1900 mein valentian junta praantiya key adhyaksh key roop mein ubhara aur 1907 mein valentian junta kshetriya key karyakari mein pravesh kiya. haalaanki, paramarsh kiye gaye sroton mein seey koee bhee iss baat kii pushti naheen kartaa (yaa incar naheen kartaa) kii tomm ney apane badey bhaai kaa anusaran kiya; 1910 key dashak kii shuruat taka, unhein rajneeti mein lagey hue key roop mein darj naheen kiya gayaa thaa. doles koo pahali baar 1911 mein raajneetik parivesh mein dekhaa gayaa thaa, unhone ekikaranvadi aur jamist alpsankhyakon donon key paaramparik pratinidhiyon key samarthan kaa pradarshan kiya, jinhone court mein avaruddh karane kii vyarth koshish kii. 1912 mein unhein saiddhaantik roop seey gair-raajneetik lekin vaastav mein atyadhik roodhivaadi kuleen sangathan mein bharti karaaya gayaa thaa. apane badey bhaai kii mrityu key baad vaha teruel kshetra mein kuchh hudd taka pratishthit vyakti bunn gaye aur iss tarah unhone chunavi daud mein shamil honey kaa faisala kiyaah 1914 mein way teruel praant key ack jile, morah dee rubilos seey court mein bhaag gaye; yeh pahali baar thaa jaba unhone khud koo donn jaime key daave kaa samarthan karane vaali kaar soochi shakha key sadasya jamista ghoshit kiya. yeh prayaas samay seey pahale saabit huaa aur vaha ack vijayi ummidwar kii tulanaa mein 10 gunaa cumm vote praapt karke dayaniya roop seey haar gaye. haar key baad florida ney sansad key liye apani bolly koo phir seey shuru karane kii pushti naheen kii. 1910 key dashak key madhya mein florida, jise pahale seey hii press mein "rico propiaterio" key roop mein sandarbhit kiya jaataa thaa, pahale seey hii poori tarah seey jamista sanrachanaon mein lagaa huaa thaa. 1915 mein unake agale varsh key court key chunaavon mein madrid latina jile seey bhaag lene kii afwah thee; yeh khabar antatah jhoothi saabit hui, halanki 1916 mein vaha ack chunavi gathbandhan banaane mein vyast they jisamen paaramparik kattar dushman, udaarvaadi bhee shamil honge. 1917 mein unhone agami chunavi abhiyaan mein maidan mein utaare jaane vaale jamist, integrist, morrist aur swatantra ummidvaaron key ack chunavi sangh koo seal karane key liye kaam kiya. 1918 mein way madrid nagarpalika jamist sangathan key pahale sachiv baney, aur jald hii praantiya madrid sanrachanaon key bhee sadasya baney, halanki samanya roop seey way ack peechhe kii pankti mein party key sadasya baney rahey. halanki vaha donn jaime key prati poori tarah seey wafadar lugg rahey they, carlism key bheetar nae aantarik sangharsh mein florida ney apane pramukh siddhantkar, juan wazquays dee mella key saath paksh liya. yeh naa kewal dakshinpanthi gathbandhanon key liye melista key vishisht jhukaav dwara pradarshit kiya gayaa thaa, balki mahaan yuddh mein tatasthavaadi rukh kii vakaalat karke bhee, ack ranneeti jiska uddeshya samarthak bhaavanaon kaa mukabala karna aur kendriya shaktiyon kaa prabhaavi dhang seey samarthan karna thaa. florida sangharsh key mukhya nayakon mein seey naheen thaa aur prishthabhoomi mein banaa rhaa; haalaanki, jaba 1919 mein wazquays dee mella toot gayaa aur apani party sthaapit kii, tou doles dee espezo ney unake saath shamil honey kaa faisala kiya. vidrohi melista aur sulah carlista (1919-1936). 1920 mein florida 3-sadasyiya melista castilla laa nueva karyakari mein shamil hoe gayaa; 1921 mein, unhone madrid mein jeffe praantiya kaa pada grahan kiya aur party key yuvaaon kii madrid shakha, juventude catalica traditionalista key maanad adhyaksh kaa pada grahan kiya. vibhinn prakaar kii pahalon mein lagey honey key roop mein bataaya gayaa-madrid mein nae cinema kii sthaapana, dhaarmik uddeshyon key liye dhana ekatra karna, morakko mein senaa key sanchaalan key liye daan aur daan kaa ayojan karna, catholic samarohon mein bhaag lena, khel kaa samarthan karna-haalaanki, unhein party sanrachanaon key nirmaan mein vyast honey key roop mein naheen jaanaa gayaa thaa. 1922 mein unhone zaragoza mein honey vaali ack samanya melista sabhaa mein bhaag liya aur naee party key nirmaan koo antim roop denaa thaa. vidhansabha ney navgathit partido traditionalista kaa comitte directivo shuru kiya; florida isake 3 sadasyon mein seey ack thaa. unhein medrid jeffe praantiya key roop mein bhee pushti kii gaee thee, jinhen asthaayi roop seey "provincia dell centro, sur vaaee oste dee espana" kii kamaan dee gaee thee. melista pariyojana ney shayed hii kabhi kaam shuru kiya jaba 1923 mein myguel primo dee rivera key takhtapalat ney desh mein sabhi raajneetik dalon parr pratibandh lagaa diyaa. florida ney gopaniyata koo vaapas leey liya, saarvajanik roop seey daan aur kuleen samaaj key aakarshan key liye jaanaa jaataa haye. madrid key nivasi, vaha teruel mein apani laa florida sampatti aur valencia mein estate mein kharch curr rahey they. kaaron seey mohit hocker vaha ack sitges circuit kaa prabandhan kartaa thaa, vaastavik automovil club mein utkrishtata praapt kartaa thaa aur ack paryatak sameeksha kaa saha-sanchaalan kartaa thaa; ack naee dukaan key malik, usa parr atyadhik driving key liye jurmana lagaaya gayaa thaa jaba taka kii usaki kaar chori naheen hoe gaee thee. bhoomi swaamitva sampattiyon koo chhodkar, vaha kaee udyamon seey door rahate they; nirmaan company key alawa way socidad espanola dee talcos aur company dee segros omnia key adhyaksh they. dictablanda" key dauran doles ney nae raajneetik prayason koo shuru kiya. maee 1930 mein unhein alphonso xiii dwara praapt kiya gayaa thaa. badhate gantantra jwaar key khilaf vaha purani shally kii deshbhakti koo vikasit karate hue rajtantravadi bhoomi parr khadaa thaa. aprail 1931 mein shamil honey key baad, vaha madrid ayuntamiento key liye chunaav mein isake tikat parr bhaag liya. ganarajya kii ghoshana parr florida ney apani rajdhani koo videsh mein sthanantarit karane kii koshish kii. seema shulk seva dwara giraftar kiye jaane parr unhein hirasat mein leey liya gayaa aur sambhavatah taskari kii gaee kuchh sampattiyon koo jabt curr liya gayaa. anirdisht samay parr vaha pravesh karke carlist wafadari mein laut aae, joe 1932 mein poorv jamistas, integristas aur melistas mein phir seey shamil hoe gaye. 1933 mein unhein castilla laa nueva kaa jeffe kshetriya niyukt kiya gayaa thaa. saiddhaantik roop seey pratishthit pada parr honey key bavjood, florida vishesh roop seey sakriya naheen lugg rhaa thaa; vaha shayed hii kabhi party kii baithakon mein bolane key roop mein darj kiya gayaa thaa. aur itihaaskaar ganarajya key dauran carlist gatividhiyon parr charcha karate samay unake naam kaa lagbhag ullekh naheen karate hain. yeh spasht naheen haye kii anya rajtantravadi aur dakshinpanthi samoohon key saath gathbandhan key vivadaspad prashn parr, yaa konde dee rhodezano aur manual phaal key beach aantarik netritva pratidvandvita parr unaki sthiti kyaa thee. 1935 mein baad vaale ney junta dee hassinda key liye apana namankan shuru kiya, joe ack nikaay thaa jise communion key liye dhana key ayojan kaa kaam saunpa gayaa thaa. raajneetik charmotkarsh kii or (1936-1937). yeh spasht naheen haye kii kyaa florida julaai 1936 key takhtapalat kii carlist kii taiyari mein lagaa huaa thaa. kuchh sroton kaa daavaa haye kii sitambar 1936 key madhya mein unhein leone key kshetra key liye carlist comissario dee gyura key liye naamit kiya gayaa thaa; sitambar mein, vaha seudad rodrigo mein ubhare, joe anurodh key ayojan mein vyast they; octuber mein, unake leone prayason ney unhein naee carlist regent, donn javier seey dhanyavaad patra praapt kiya. haalaanki vaha rashtriya carlist yuddhakaaleen karyakari, junta national carlista dee gyura key sadasya key roop mein soochibaddh naheen haye, joe salamanka mein rahata haye, usane samudaay key netaaon kii baithakon mein bhaag lena shuru curr diyaa. una karanon seey joe poori tarah seey spasht naheen hain, unaki sthiti badhee; shayed ack mezban florida key roop mein disambar 1936 kii ack carlist aapaatkaaleen baithak kii adhyakshata kii, jise franco kii maang seey nipatane key liye bulaaya gayaa thaa kii spen koo chhod diyaa jaataa haye. yeh spasht naheen haye kii unhone kyaa sthiti lii; kuchh itihaaskaar iss dinn kii charcha karate hue unhein "rhodezano key sahayogi" key roop mein sandarbhit karate hain, joe sujhaav detaa haye kii florida ney prastaav diyaa kii ultimatum koo sweekaar kiya jaae. 1937 kii shuruat seey carlists koo ack raajya party mein jabaran vilay kii sambhavana kaa saamana karna parh rhaa thaa; davedar aur falcondista ney hathdharmita kaa vikalp chunaa, rhodezano aur navarres ney baatchit kaa vikalp chunaa. florida insa mein farwari kii ack baithak mein maujood thaa aur rhodeznistas kaa paksh liya, march mein bhee sthiti banaae rakhee gaee. aprail kii shuruat mein unhone kuchh hudd taka vidrohi navarres junta central kii ack baithak mein bhaag liya; isane ack franco-sambodhit prastaav koo apanaaya, jisamen ack nirdeshika kaa sujhaav diyaa gayaa, joe carlist, falangist aur caudillo key niyukt logon seey banaa thaa. aprail key madhya mein vaha 4 carlists mein seey ack they jinhen bergos mein bulaaya gayaa thaa; generalysimo ney unhein agami raajneetik ekikaran key baare mein soochit kiya. yeh spasht naheen haye kii unhein franco dwara kyon uthaaya gayaa thaa; kuchh logon kaa sujhaav haye kii unaki aavashyak bharti gatividhiyon key kaaran florida sabse "vishisht" carlists mein seey ack thaa. usa samay franco aur unake sahayogi pahale seey hii raajya party kii karyakari kii vyaktigat sanrachana kii ghoshana parr vichaar curr rahey they. shuru mein chihnit carlists mein florida naheen thaa; franco dwara shortlist kiye gaye ummidvaaron key saath prastut, rhodezano ney sujhaav diyaa kii marcelino ulibari koo hataa diyaa gayaa haye aur ack aur seat carlist key liye aarakshit haye, jisamen florida aur jose maria maazon key naam shamil hain. prastaav koo sweekaar curr liya gayaa aur 22 aprail koo doles ney khud koo flang espanola tradicanolista key 10-sadasyiya "secreterido oh junta politica" key liye naamit 4 carlists mein paaya. isake sabhi sadasyon mein seey vaha shayed sabse cumm gyaat they; niyukt kiye gaye logon key baare mein press dwara prakaashit laghu tippaniyon mein, unakaa sabse chhota thaa. kaee carlists koo bahut nirash kiya, jinamen kuchh junta niyukt loga bhee shamil they; rajpratinidhi gusse mein thaa. juuna mein carlist genteros ney unhein junta mein apani upasthiti koo adhikrit karane key liye kahaa, lekin koee fayda naheen huaa; baad mein sabhi koo wafadari key ullanghan key liye communion seey nishkaasit curr diyaa gayaa. karyakari yaa aakriti pramukh (1937-1939). jung mein dene aur lene kii kamee seey nirash, kuchh carlists ney franco seey shikayat kii; parinam octuber 1937 mein ack anya party nikaay, 50 sadasyiya rashtriya parishad key liye namankan they. florida ney khud koo 12 carlist namankit logon mein paaya aur pahale seey hii francovadi spen key uchchatam sthiti vaale nagrikon mein seey ack thaa, joe raajya mein anumati praapt ekmatra raajneetik sangathan kaa nirdeshan karane vaale dou nikaayon mein baithaa thaa. haalaanki, kaee itihaaskaar iss baat seey sahmat hain kii donon karyakari sanrachanaaen sajawati theen aur usa star parr poori party ack navjat sanrachana thee, jise yeh sunishchit karane key liye kahaa gayaa thaa kii satta franco key saath bunny rahey aur phir bhee isaki baad kii gatishilata koo praapt karna baaki haye. isake alawa, carlist yeh jaankar naraj they kii unhein ack sangathan maanaa jaataa thaa jise way niyantrit curr sakate they yaa cumm seey cumm prabhaav teji seey baaz key ack nae sanskaran mein badal rhaa thaa, jisamen syndicalist blue-shirt vyavasthit roop seey oopar kii or badh rahey they. ekikaran carlist key baad rank-aind-file ney junta mein apane netaaon parr bambari karna shuru curr diyaa aur samarthan key liye poochate hue, bhatakane kii shikayaton key saath samjhauta karna shuru curr diyaa. inn noton aur phone coll key praaptakarta key roop mein florida koo samarthan dene kii pratigya key roop mein darj kiya gayaa haye; yeh spasht naheen haye kii unhone vaastav mein hastakshep kiya thaa yaa naheen, halanki yeh spasht haye kii kuchh bhee naheen badala haye. saarvajanik florida mein adhikansh grihyuddh key dauran ack wafadar francovadi rukh banaae rakhaa. samachar patron mein unhein ekikaran key paksh mein bahas karate hue uddhrit kiya gayaa thaa; unake anusaar carlism aur fallange donon hii loktantra virodhi, udaarvaadi, sansadiya virodhi aur catholic they, unhone yeh bhee daavaa kiya kii donon ney bhavishya mein lagu kiye jaane vaale rajtantravadi samadhanon kaa samarthan kiya. jahir haye kii unhone paaramparik praarup koo vikasit karane kii bhee koshish kii, kuchh anya fates executives key saath carlist kings carlos VII aur alphonso carlos kaa sammaan karane vaale updeshon mein bhaag lete hain yaa martiers dee lessian koo samarpit vaarshik carlist dawat mein bhaag lete hain, joe shuru mein raajya party dwara manaaya jaataa haye. doosari or, vaha naee shally key karyakramon mein bhaag lene seey naheen bachate they, jaise kii salamanka mein naazi mukhyalaya mein bhoj. 1938 mein unhone salamanka mein fete jeffe praantiya key roop mein kaam kiya, joe aamtaur parr pratyek praant mein 3 sabse mahatvapurna nagrik padon mein seey ack thaa; yeh spasht naheen haye kii unake karyakal kii sateek tithiyaan kyaa theen. francovadi raajneetik star key sheersh parr florida kaa currier 1939 kii garmiyon key anta mein samaapt hoe gayaa. agast key anta mein bhee unhein saarvajanik karyakramon mein concegero national key roop mein bhaag lene kii soochana dee gaee thee, lekin sitambar mein yeh badal gayaa; way khud koo II concejo national mein niyukt logon mein naheen paae aur 1940 seey unhein press mein kewal "kandey dee laa florida" key roop mein report kiya gayaa thaa. paramarsh kiye gaye sroton mein seey koee bhee party karyakari seey unake jaane key baare mein koee antardrishti pradaan naheen kartaa haye, aur vishesh roop seey kyaa yeh anugrah seey girawat thee yaa vaapas lene kaa ack sachet nirnay thaa. yeh naee party key syndicalist praarup key saath nirasha key baad istifa hoe sakata thaa; yeh ack aantarik sangharsh key parinamswarup haashiye parr hoe sakata thaa, kyonki yeh joaquin baau key saath huaa thaa, ack aur carlist jise ramon serrano suner dwara darkinar curr diyaa gayaa thaa, vishesh roop seey kii florida saarvajanik roop seey rajshahi kii apariharya bahaali kii ghoshana kartaa rhaa. raajneetik sevaanivritti aur lambi umr (1939 key baad). abb sheersh raajneetik udaan mein naheen, 1940 key dashak kii shuruat mein florida abhee bhee saarvajanik jeevan mein maujood thaa, ee.jee. paaramparik swaad vaale bhojon mein bhaag lena jisamen kuchh bhaari vajan vaale loga shamil hotey hain. 1942 mein unhein rashtriya tritiya sammelan mein niyukt naheen kiya gayaa aur unakaa raajneetik jeevan nishchit roop seey samaapt hoe gayaa. hoe sakata haye kii yeh thheek aisaa naa hoe, jaisa kii 1944 mein sarkari adhikaariyon key beach bataaya gayaa thaa, jinhen udyog key upa-sachiv key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa. haalaanki, yeh nishchit roop seey unake francovadi prakarnon mein seey antim thaa; baad mein unakaa ullekh naa tou party seey thaa aur naa hii sarkaar seey. unhone carlism seey ack olive shakha koo sweekaar naheen kiya; 1942 mein ghoshana kii kii falangism seey dagdar sabhi logon koo phir seey sweekaar kiya jaa sakata haye kyonki way apane raajya party key sambandhon koo chhod dete hain; prastaav koo spasht roop seey yojana seey kuchh netaaon koo baahar rakhaa gayaa thaa, lekin florida unamen seey naheen thaa. 1940 key dashak key anta mein unhone apane puraane saathi melista, ricardo oreja key liye saarvajanik roop seey samarthan pradarshit karane kaa saahas kiya, jaba baad vaale madrid nagarpalika chunaavon mein safal hue. halanki pahale seey hii sevaanivritti kii umr mein, florida kaee udyamon mein sakriya rhaa, joe jyaadaatar khanij sansadhanon aur nirbhar vyavsaayon seey sambandhit they, jaise nirmaan yaa davaaen; unamen seey kuchh, jaise ramahe, ney pratishthit sthaanon mein bhaari anubandh praapt kiye, jaise kii madrid grain vaaya. 1950 key dashak mein way niyamit roop seey samaaj key stambhon mein dikhaai dete they, joe apane parivaar seey sambandhit aur asambandhit kuleen daavaton mein bhaag lete they. unaki raajneetik vyastataaen lagbhag astitvaheen theen, sivaay isake kii way march day laa tradician updeshon mein bhaag lete rahey. 1950 key dashak key madhya mein yeh achaanak badal gayaa. 1956 mein florida koo ack bahut hii pratishthit francovadi sammaan, grain cruze dell merito sivil seey sammaanit kiya gayaa thaa. 1957 mein way 70-visham carlists mein seey they jinhone alfonswadi davedar donn juan key saath apane lambe samay key meljol kaa nishkarsh nikala. iss baat seey santusht kii paaramparik siddhanton kii aupchaarik sweekriti ney unhein carlist key drishtikon seey bhee uttaradhikar key liye upayukt banaa diyaa, unhone unhein simhaasan kaa vaidh uttaradhikari ghoshit curr diyaa. tathaakathit "astorillos" mein seey sabse pratishthit mein seey ack, florida ney davedar key concejo privido mein pravesh kiya, joe pada unake jeevan key anta taka banaa rhaa. ack ashtjanan florida key roop mein bhee samajik karyakramon mein bhaag lete rahey, kabhi-kabhi asambhav bhoomikaaen nibhaate hue; 1962 mein unhone ack mahila saundarya pratiyogita mein ack juurii kaa hissa banaaya. vaha dhaarmik gatividhiyon mein lagey rahey, vishesh roop seey hermonded dee cabelleros dee saine juan bottista vaaee neustra senora dee laas mercedez key rankon mein; kabhi-kabhi unhone daan pahal kii adhyakshata kii. saavdhaanipoorvak way paaramparik viraasat koo sweekaar karate rahey; 1960 key dashak key anta mein wazquays dee mella kii smriti koo samarpit saanskritik karyakramon key alawa, way aupchaarik roop seey carlist nagrik yuddh ladaakon key ack sangathan, jisamen way shamil they, halanki vyavhaar mein aantarik carlist sangharsh mein ack paaramparik ballark, jiska uddeshya ack nae ubharate pragatisheel gutt key khilaf thaa; kuchh bhee sanket naheen detaa kii vaha prishthabhoomi seey avagat they aur 1960 aur 1970 key dashak mein carlism key aantarik vikhandan parr vyaapak roop seey charcha karane vaale itihaaskaar unake naam kaa ullekh naheen karate hain. 1960 key dashak key anta mein bhee unhone juanista link kii kheti jaari rakhee; 1970 key dashak mein unhein kewal apane potey-potiyon kii shadiyon mein bhaag lene key roop mein jaanaa jaataa thaa.

nimma jeevanada bagge tomus dolz dii espezo mattu myoo munoj serrano vaii dufork-salinis, laa floridada 5 neey enike (1879-1974) spanish rajakarani mattu udyamiyaagiddaru. sumaru 30 varshagala kaala avaru sampradaayavaada mattu kaarlijamnolage prachara maadidaru. kalakalakke avaru praadeshika pakshada naayakatvada udyogagalannu hondiddaru, aadaroo rashtravyapi avaru hindina saalinalli ulidaru. avaru hosadaagi rachisalaada francoist raajya pakshavaada fallange espanola tradicionalistada karyanirvahaka samsthegalaada modala junta politica mattu concezo nationalna sadasyaraagi hesaruvasiyagiddare. kutumba mattu yuva. dolz vamshaavaliyu daksina aragange sambandhiside; adara modala pratinidhigalannu 12neey shatamaanada koneyalli gurutisalaayitu, omme yashasvi maruhanchike terruel annu hondittu. ee kutumbavu aarambhadalli albarasinge sambandhisittu, kaalaanantaradalli nereya kountigalige haraditu. espezo vamshaavaliyu valencia rajyada uttara bhagagalalli huttikonditu, idu valenciadalli vaasisuttade. 17neey shatamaanada aarambhadalli eradu kutumbagalu paraspara vivaahavaadavu, idu dolz dii espezo shaakhege nandi haaditu. adara aneka sadasyaru spaine itihaasadalli tamma hesarugalannu maadidaru; tomasna muttajja, pedro federico dolz dii espezo, 1789 ralli kande dii laa florida emba birudannu padedaru. avana maga, 2neey count mattu tomasna ajja, pedro pablo dolz dii espezo, nepolian yugadalli tannannu taanu pratyekisikondanu. 1833ralli modala carlist yuddha prarambhavadaga aata nyaayasammatavaadigala paravagi nintanu; solina nantara aata deshabhrashtanaadanu mattu 1842ralli bordodalli maranahondidanu. avana maga mattu tomasna tande, pedro manuel dolz dii espezo (1820-1879), 3 neey enike spainge maralidaru, terruelnalli kutumbada bhoo hiduvaligalannu maru-anumodisidaru. arthika samasyegalondige vahisalaada moorane patti yuddhada samayadalli aata carlist pituriyalli serikondanu; idu kaarlistgalu horadisida byanknotugala mele aatana sahiyagittu. aatanoo saha deshabhrashtanaagi bayonnalli nelesidanu. aata mattondu srimanta aragon kutumbada hudugiyaada maria mattu dufork-salinis (1843-1920)lannu vivaahavaadanu. 1876 mattu 1879rahra naduve dampatige 3 makkaliddaru; tomus avaru fransonalli ibbaru putraralli kiriyavaraagi janisidaru. aaa vidhave mattu ardha-anagarikaru spainge yavaga maralidaru embudu spashtavagilla; 1888ralli teruyelnalliruva kutumbada aramaneyalli aakeyannu modalu gurutisalaayitu. samalochisida yaavude moolagalu tomasna arambhika varshagala bagge maahitiyannu odagisalilla, aadare aatanannu "escula deey laa lelted vaii tyagada" moolaka belesalaayitu. aata ellie shikshanavannu padedaru embudu spashtavagilla; ekendare aata nantara "engineer" endu ullekhisalpatta kaarana, aata bahushah tantragyaanavannu adhyayana maadirabahudu, bahushah madridnalli. 1900rahra dasakadalli anirdishta samayadalli avaru nirmaanadalli todagiddaru; 1911ralli avaru madrid-aadhaarita kampaniyaada laa constructorada vyavasthaapakaraagi gurutisalpattaru. 1912ralli avarannu "propeterio" endu kareyalaayitu; tamma 4neey countna hiriya sahodarana akalika mattu makkalillada maranada nantara, 1913ralli avaru kutumbada vevahaaravannu vahisikondaru; avaru ee birudannu saha aanuvamshikavaagi padedaru. 1912ralli tomus dolz avaru 9neey taareekhina tennient coronel dii artilary magalaada maria deey laa estrella gonzalez deey laa riva vidiella (1882-1989) avarannu vivaahavaadaru. dampatigalu 1913 mattu 1914rahra naduve janisida 3 makkalannu hondidda, 1913 mattu 1914rahra naduve janisida dampatigalu, 1913rahra atyanta prasiddha spanish eupho ghatanege sambandhisidante, vayuseneya general aagidda, carlos dolz dii espezo vaii gonzalez dii laa riva (1913-2013) emba ekaika maga, sankshiptavaagi madhyamada gamanavannu seledaroo, saarvajanika vyaktiyaadaru. kiriya magalu, maria, antonio galbys loriga, kande dii marafi, general dii artilleria mattu ayudante onorphysio tuu franco avarannu vivaahavaadaru. tomas mattu mariyala halavaaru mommakkalli, atyanta prasiddharadavaru carlos dolz dii espezo vaii arospid, udyami mattu 7 neey kande dii laa florida, mattu varnachitrakaara alphonso galbis dolz dii espezo. arambhika rajakiya vrattijeevana (1919 ravarege). eradu talemaarugala purvajarondige kaanunubaddhavaada karanakkagi seve sallisuttiruva dolz, visheshavaagi avara taayiyoo saha sampradaayavaadi kutumbadinda bandavaraagiddaru. aadaagyoo, avara yuva sampradayavadada samayadalli mukhyavahiniya kaarlistgalu mattu berpatta ekikaranavaadigalaagi vingadisalaagittu. kevala 2 varsha hiriyanaada avana sahodaranu bandukorara paravagiddanu; 1893ralli 16 varshadavanagiddaga avanu saarvajanikavaagi nocedalistagalige bembalavannu vyaktapadisidanu. 1890rahra dashakada avadhiyalli pedro dolz dii espezo samagra rachanegalalli beledaru, 1900ralli valencian junta praantiyada adhyaksharaagi mattu 1907ralli valencian junta praadeshikada karyanirvahaka huddege praveshisidaru. aadaagyoo, samalochisida yaavude moolagalu tomus tanna hiriya sahodaranannu anusarisidaru endu khachitapadisuvudilla (athawa nirakarisuvudilla); 1910 rahra dashakada aarambhadavarege, avaru raajakeeyadalli todagisikondiddaru endu daakhalisalaagilla. dolz 1911 ralli rajakiya parisaradalli modala baarige gurutisalpattanu, avaru samagravaadi mattu jaimist alpasankhyaatara saampradaayika niyogigalige bembalavannu pradarshisidaru, avaru cartesnalli tadeyalu vyarthavaagi prayatnisidaru. 1912ralli, saiddhaantikavaagi raajakeeyavallada aadare vaastavaagi atyanta sampradaayavaadi srimanta sanghataneyalli avarannu serisikollalaayitu. tanna hiriya sahodarana maranada nantara aata terruel saamrajyadalli svalpamattige pratishthita vyaktiyaadanu mattu aaddarinda chunawana spardheyalli seralu nirdharisidanuh 1914ralli aata terruel praantyada morah dii rubielos jilleyinda cartesge odihodanu; idhe modala baarige aata tannannu taanu jaimista endu ghoshisikondanu, daan jaim avara hakkannu bembalisuva carlist shakheya sadasyanagiddanu. ee prayatnavu akaalikavaagi saabitaayitu mattu avaru vijayiyaada abhyarthiginta 10 pattu kadime matagalannu galisi, dayaneeyavaagi sotaru. solina nantara florida samsattige tanna bid annu navikariside endu endigoo drudhikarisalaagilla. 1910rahra dashakada madhyabhaagadalli, eegaagale patrikegalalli "rico propietario" endu ullekhisalaagiruva floridavu eegaagale jaimista rachanegalalli sampoornavaagi todagisikondittu. 1915ralli aata mundina varshada cartes chunavaneyalli madrid latina jilleyinda spardhisuttiddaare emba vadanti habbittu; 1916ralli aata saampradaayika virodhigalaada udaaravaadigalannu olagonda chunawana maitriyannu sthaapisuvalli nirataraagiddaroo, aaa suddi antimavagi sullu endu saabitaayitu. 1917ralli aata jaimistgalu, samagravaadigalu, mouristgalu mattu swatantra abhyarthigalannu mumbaruva chunawana prachaaradalli kanakkilisalu chunawana okkootavannu muchhalu kelasa maadidaru. avaru 1918ralli madrid purasabheya jaimist samstheya modala karyadarshiyagi beledaru, shighradalle praantiya madrid ranchanegala jephege beledaru, aadaroo samanyavagi pakshada himbadi vyaktiyagi ulidaru. aata daan jaimge sampoornavaagi nishtanaagiddaroo, kaarlisamnolagina hosa aantarika sangharshadalli florida tanna pramukha siddhaanti juwan waskwez dii mella avara paravagi olavu toritu. idu balapanthiya maitrigala bagegina mellistana vishishta olavu matravallade, mahaa yuddhadalli tatastha niluvannu pratipaadisuva moolakavoo saha pradarshisalpattitu, idu samarth-para bhavanegalannu edurisalu mattu kendra shaktigalannu parinamakariyagi bembalisuva uddeshavannu hondide. florida ee kalahada mukhya patradhariyaralla mattu hinneleyalliye ulidukondaru; aadaagyoo, 1919ralli waskwez dii mella berpattu tannade aada pakshavannu sthapisidaga, dolz dii espezo avarannu seralu nirdharisidaru. bandayagara melista mattu carlista (1919-1936) rondige raaji maadikondaru. 1920ralli florida 3 sadasyara mellita castilla laa neuva karyanirvahaka samsthege seritu; 1921ralli, avaru madridnalli jeffe praantiya sthaanavannu mattu pakshada yuvakara madrid shakheya gouravaanvita adhyaksharaada juventud catilica tradicionalista sthaanavannu vahisikondaru. vividha upakramagalalli todagisikondiddagi varadiyagide-madridnalli hosa chitramandiragalannu sthaapisuvudu, dharmika uddeshagaligaagi hanavannu sangrahisuvudu, morakodalli seenaa karyacharanegalige denige niiduvudu mattu ayojisuvudu, catholic samarambhagalalli bhagavahisuvudu, kridegalannu bembalisuvudu-aadaagyoo, avaru pakshada ranchanegalannu nirmisuvalli nirataraagiddaare endu gurutisalagilla. 1922ralli avaru jaragojadalli nadeda saamaanya sabheyondaralli bhagavahisidaru mattu hosa pakshada rachaneyannu antimagolisabekagittu. hosadaagi rupugonda partido tradicionalistada kamite directivovannu assembly praarambhisitu; florida adara 3 sadasyaralli obbaraagiddaru. aatanu madrid jeffe praantiyanaagi saha drudhapadisalpattanu, tatkalikavagi "provincious dell centro, surr vaii oyest dii espana" naa aagneyannu nidalaayitu. 1923rahra maiguel primo dii riveraada dangeyu deshada ellah rajakiya pakshagalannu nishedhisidaaga mellista yojaneyu ashtenu yashasviyagalilla. saarvajanikavaagi srimanta samajada daana mattu aakarshanegaagi hesaruvasiyada florida goupyatege hintegedukonditu. madridne nivaasiyaada aata teruyelnalliruva tanna laa florida aastiyalli mattu valenciyaadalliruva estategalalli tantigalannu kharchu maaduttiddanu. kaarugalinda aakarshitanaada aata, naija automovil klabnalli utkrushtateyannu sadhisi, sitz circuit annu nirvahisuttiddanu mattu pravasi vimarsheyannu saha-nadesuttiddanu; hosa kharidiya maalikaraada aatanige, tanna kaaru kaluvaguvavarege atiyagi vaahana chalayisiddakkagi danda vidhisalaayitu. bhoo hiduvali aastigalannu horatupadisi, avaru halavaaru udyamagalalli vaasisuttiddaru; nirmaana kampaniya horataagi avaru socidad espanola dii talcos mattu compania dii segros omniyaada adhyaksharaagiddaru. dictablanda" dha samayadalli dolz rajakiya prayatnagalannu navikarisidaru. 1930rahra mayee tingalalli avarannu alphonso xiii sweekarisidaru. udayonmukha ganarajyada ubbaravilitada viruddha, avaru rajaprabhutvada neladalli nintu, haleya sailiya deshabhaktiyannu belesidaru. 1931rahra aprilnalli serikonda avaru adara tiketnalli madrid ayuntamiyentoda chunavaneyalli spardhisidaru. ganarajyada ghoshaneya nantara florida tanna rajadhaniyannu videshakke vargaayisalu prayatnisitu. customs seveyinda bandhisalpatta aatanannu bandhisalaayitu mattu kallasaaganege olagaada kelavu aastigalannu muttugolu hakikollabekayitu. anirdishta samayadalli aata praveshisuva moolaka carlist nishtege maralidaru, idu 1932ralli maaji jaimistaagalu, integristagalu mattu mellistaagalannu matte seritu. 1933ralli avarannu castilla laa neuva pradeshada jeff aagi nemisalaayitu. saiddhaantikavaagi pratishthita sthaanavannu hondiddaroo, florida visheshavaagi sakriyavagilla; avaru pakshada sabhegalalli matanaduvudannu aparoopavaagi daakhalisalaagide. mattu ganarajyada avadhiyalli carlist chatuvatikegala bagge charchisuvaga itihaasakaararu bahuteka aatana hesarannu ullekhisuvudilla. itara rajaprabhutvavadi mattu balapanthiya gumpugalondige maitrigala vivaadaatmaka prashneya bagge athawa kande dii rhodezno mattu manuel phaal naduvina aantarika naayakatvada paipoti bagge avara niluvu enu embudu spashtavagilla. 1935ralli, eradaneyadu, samudaayakke hanavannu sanghatisuva javaabdaariyannu vahisikondidda ondu samstheyaada junta dii hassindocke tanna namanirdeshanavannu prachodisitu. rajakiya parakashtheya kadege (1936-1937). 1936rahra julai dangeya siddhategalalli florida todagisikonditte embudu spashtavagilla. kelavu moolagalu 1936rahra september madhyabhaagadalli aata leone pradeshakkagi carlist comisario dii gerra endu namanirdeshanagondaru endu heluttave; septembernalli, aata siudad radrigodalli horahommidaru, rickwette annu ayojisuvalli nirataraagiddaru; octobernalli, aatana leone prayatnagalu hosa carlist regent, daan javier avarinda dhanyavaada patravannu galisidavu. saalaamaankaadalli vasisuttidda avarannu rashtriya carlist yuddhakaalada karyanirvahakara sadasyaraagi patti maadadiddaroo, avaru communin nayakara sabhegalalli bhagavahisalu praarambhisidaru. sampoornavaagi spashtavagirada karanagalindagi avara sthaanavu beleyitu; bahushah aatitheya floridadavaru 1936rahra decembernalli nadeda carlist turtu sabeya adhyakshateyannu vahisidaru, idu spain annu bittubiduttade emba franco avara bedikeyannu nibhayisalu kareyalaayitu. aata yaava niluvannu tegedukondaru embudu spashtavagilla; aaa dinavannu charchisuttiruva kelavu itihaasakaararu aatanannu "rhodezno avara mitra" endu ullekhisuttaare, idu floridavu antima echcharikeyannu sweekarisabekendu prastapiside endu soochisuttade. 1937rahra aarambhadinda kaarlistgalu raajya pakshadalli balavantada vileenada niriksheyannu edurisuttiddaru; hakkudaara mattu phaalkondistaagalu hathamaaritanavannu aarisikondaru, rhodezno mattu nawarres matukategalannu aarisikondaru. floridavu insuvaadalli phebravariyalli nadeda sabheyalli hajariddu, rodejnistagala paravagiddanu, march nalloo saha sthaanavannu ulisikondanu. april aarambhadalli avaru svalpamattige bandayagara nawarres junta centralna sabheyalli bhagavahisidaru; idu kaarlistgalu, phaalangistgalu mattu cadillo avara nemakaatiyinda koodida nirdeshakarannu soochisuva franco-vilaasada prastapavannu angeekarisitu. april madhyadalli avaru bargogalige kareda 4 carlistgalalli obbaraagiddaru; generalsimo mumbaruva rajakiya ekikaranada bagge avarige mahiti niididaru. franco aatanannu eke ettikondanembudu spashtavagilla; aatana agatya nemakati chatuvatikegalindagi floridavu atyanta "eddukaanuva" carlistgalalli ondaagittu endu kelavaru soochisuttaare. aaa samayadalli franco mattu avara sahayakaru eegaagale raajya pakshada karyanirvahakara vaiyaktika samyojaneyannu ghoshisalu pariganisuttiddaru. aarambhadalli gurutisalaada carlistgalalli floridavu iralilla; franco avaru shortlist maadida abhyarthigalondige prastutapadisida, rhodezno avaru marcelino ulibari avarannu kaibidalaagide mattu kaarlistgalige innoo ondu sthaanavannu kaaydirisalaagide endu soochisidaru, idu florida mattu jose maria mazan hesarugalondige baruttade. ee prastapavannu angeekarisalaayitu mattu april 22randu dolz avaru follange espanola tradicanialistada 10 sadasyara "secretariado oo junta politica" ge namanirdeshanagonda 4 carlistgalalli obbaraagiddaru. adara ellah sadasyaralli avaru bahushah atyanta kadime parichitaraagiddaru; nemakagondavara bagge patrikegalu prakatisida sanna tippanigalalli, avaradu atyanta chikkadaagittu. aadalita mandaliyu nemisida kelavarannu olagondante aneka kaarlistgalu bahalavagi niraashegondaru; rajapratinidhiyu koopagondanu. joonnalli carlist genteros avaru juntaadalli tamma upasthitiyannu adhikrutagolisalu kelikondaru, aadare yaavude prayojanavagalilla; nantara nishteya ullanghanegaagi ellarannoo kamyooniyanninda horahaakalaayitu. karyanirvahaka athawa figure head (1937-1939). aadalita mandaliyalli phaalaangistgalu needuva mattu tegedukolluva korateyinda nirashegonda kelavu kaarlistgalu francoge dooru niididaru; idara parinaamavaagi october 1937ralli mattondu pakshada 50 sadasyara rashtriya samitige naamanirdeshanagonditu. floridavu 12 carlist naamanirdeshitaralli obbanaagiddanu mattu rajyadalli anumatisalaada ekaika rajakiya sanghataneyannu nirdeshisuva eradu samsthegalalli kulitu, eegaagale francoist spaine atyunnata sthaanadalliruva nagarikaralli drudhavaagi nelegondiddanu. aadaagyoo, eradoo karyanirvahaka ranchanegalu alankaarikavaagiddavu mattu idee pakshavu aaa hantadalli ondu hosa rachaneyagittu, adhikaaravu frankonondige uliyuttade mattu adara nantarada chalanasheelateyannu padedukolluvudannu khachitapadisikollalu idannu kareyalaayitu endu aneka itihaasakaararu opputtaare. idallade, taavu niyantrisabahudaada athawa kanishta prabhaava beerabahudaada ondu samstheyagirabekadudannu kandu kaarlistgalu koopagondaru, syndicalist neeli-shartgalu vyavasthitavaagi melugai saadhisuvudarondige idu hecchu durbalagonda hosa aavruttiyaagi badalaaguttide. ekikaranada nantara, shreni-mattu-kadatagalu tamma nayakara mele suntaragaaliyalli bomb daali maadalu praarambhisidavu mattu bembalavannu kelutta, daari tappuva doorugalondige dange eddaru. ee tippanigalu mattu phone karegalannu svikarisidavaru floridadalli pratigne bembalavagi daakhalisalaagide; avaru nijavagiyoo madhyapraveshisiddareye embudu spashtavagilla, aadaroo enoo badalagilla embudu spashtavagide. saarvajanika floridadalli nadeda bahupalu antaryuddhada uddakkoo nishtaavanta francoist niluvannu kaapaadikonditu. avaru ekikaranada paravagi vaadisidaru endu patrikegalalli ullekhisalaagide; avara prakara carlism mattu follange eradoo prajaprabhutva virodhi, udaaravaadi virodhi, samsat virodhi mattu catholic aagiddaru, bhavishyadalli jaarige tarabekaada rajaprabhutvada parihaaragalannu avaru bembalisidaru endu avaru heliddaare. spashtavagi aata saampradaayika svaroopavannu belesalu saadhyavaadashtu prayatnisidaru, kelavu itara phet kaaryanirvaahakaru carlist rajara carlos VII mattu alphonso carlos avarannu gouravisuva dharmopadeshagalige hajaraguttiddaru athawa martiers dii ladisiange misalaagiruva varshika carlist autanadalli bhagavahisuttiddaru, idannu aarambhadalli raajya pakshavu aacharisuttittu. mattondede, avaru salaamaankaadallina naaji pradhana kacheriyalli autanakootagalantaha hosa sailiya kaaryakramagalige haajaraaguvudannu nillisalilla. 1938ralli aata salamankadalli phet jeffe praantiyanaagi kaaryanirvahisidaru, idu samanyavagi prati praantyada 3 pramukha nagarika sthanagalalli ondaagide; avara adhikaravadhiya nikharavaada dinankagalu yaavuvu embudu spashtavagilla. francovadi rajakiya vargada agrasthaanadallidda floridada vrattijeevanavu 1939rahra besigeya koneyalli konegonditu. august tingala koneyalli avaru saarvajanika karyakramagalalli concegero national aagi bhagavahisidaru endu varadiyagittu, aadare idu septembernalli badalaayitu; avaru II concezo nyaashanalge nemakagondavaralli tammannu taavu kanalilla mattu 1940rinda avaru "kande dii florida" endu patrikegalalli varadi maadidaru. samalochisida yaavude moolagalu pakshada kaaryakaarini yinda avara nirgamanada bagge yaavude olanotavannu niiduvudilla, mattu nirdishtavagi adhu anugrahadinda patanavagideye athawa hintegedukolluva prajnaapoorvaka nirdhaaravaagideye. hosa pakshada syndicalist svaroopada nirasheya nantara adhu rajiname niidabahudittu; aantarika sangharshada parinaamavaagi idu anchinallirabahudu, ekendare idu jovan bou avarondige sambhavisitu, raman serrano sunerrinda pakkakke sarisalaada mattondu carlist, visheshavaagi florida saarvajanikavaagi rajaprabhutvada anivarya punahsthapaneyannu ghoshisuttale ittu. rajakiya nivrutti mattu deerghaavadhiya hiritana (1939rahra nantara). 1940rahra dashakada aarambhadalli, florida innoo saarvajanika jeevanadalli astitvadallittu, udaa.zii. kelavu hevivetgalu bhagavahisuva saampradaayika-ruchiya habbagalalli bhagavahisuvudu. 1942ralli avarannu rashtriya trutiya sammelanakke nemisalaagalilla mattu avara rajakiya vrattijeevanavu khanditavaagiyoo mugidante kaanuttittu. idu nikharavaagi agirade irabahudu, ekendare 1944ralli sarkari adhikarigalalli aata varadiyagiddanu, andare subsecretario dii industry endu hesarisalaayitu. aadaagyoo, idu khanditavaagiyoo avara francoist prasangagalalli koneyadagittu; nantara avaru paksha athawa sarkaarakke sambandhisilla endu ullekhisalaagittu. avaru carlismn olive shakheyannu sweekarisalilla; 1942ralli avaru tamma raajya pakshada samparkagalannu tyajisida kaarana falangisamna kaleyaada ellarannoo maru-praveshisabahudu endu ghoshisidaru; prastapavannu kelavu nayakaru ee yojaneyinda spashtavagi horagittaru, aadare florida avaralli iralilla. 1940rahra dashakada koneyalli, aata tamma haleya kaalada sahavarti mellista, ricardo oreza avaru madrid purasabheya chunavanegalalli yashasviyadaga, avarige saarvajanikavaagi bembalavannu pradarshisalu mundaadaru. eegaagale nivrutti vayassinalliddaroo, florida halavaaru udyamagalalli sakriyavagittu, hechchaagi khanija sampanmoolagalige mattu avalambita vyavahaaragalige sambandhiside, udaaharanege nirmaana athawa aushadheeya; avugalalli kelavu, ramheyantahavu, pratishthita stalagalalli, madrid gran viyaadantaha bhaari oppandagalannu maadikondavu. 1950rahra dasakadalli avaru niyamitavagi samaja stambhagalalli kanisikondaru, srimanta habbagalige hajaraguttiddaru mattu avara swanta kutumbakke sambandhisiralilla. aata martyrs deey laa tradician dharmopadeshagalalli palgolluvudannu horatupadisi, aatana rajakiya kaaryachatuvatikegalu bahuteka astitvadalliralilla. 1950rahra dashakada madhyabhaagadalli idu iddakkiddante badalaayitu. 1956ralli floridage gran crooze dell merito sivil prashastiyannu nidalaayitu, idu bahala pratishthita francovadi gouravavagide. 1957ralli, avaru 70-vilaksana carlistgalalli obbaraagiddaru, avaru alphonshist hakkudaara, daan juwan avarondige tamma deerghakaalada bandhavyavannu konegolisidaru. saampradaayika tatvagala oupachaarika sweekaaravu avanannu uttaraadhikaarada drashtiyindaloo saha suktavagisuttade endu truptipadisida avaru avanannu simhaasanada kanunubaddha uttaraadhikaariyendu ghoshisidaru. estorilos" endu kareyalpaduva atyanta vishishtavaadavaralli obbaraada fluorida, hakkudaarana concezo prevedovannu praveshisidanu, ee huddeyu avana jeevanada antyadavarege ulisikonditu. ashtajananashila floridadavaru samajika kaaryakramagalige haajaraaguttale iddaru, kelavomme asambhava patragalannu vahisikondaru; 1962ralli avaru mahila soundarya spardheyalli tirpugaarara bhagavagiddaru. aata dharmika chatuvatikegalalli todagisikondiddaru, adaralloo visheshavaagi hermonded dii cabaleros dii syaan juwan batista vaii neustra senora dii laas mercedesna shreniyalli; avaru sandarbhikavagi datti upakramagala adhyakshateyannu vahisiddaru. echcharikeyinda avaru saampradaayika parampareyannu oppikolluttale iddaru; 1960 rahra dashakada koneyalli waskwez dii mella avara nenapige misalaagiruvantaha saamskrutika ghatanegala horataagi, avaru oupachaarikavaagi carlist nagarika yuddha horaatagaarara samstheyaada hermonded dii christo ray dii requetes ex combatientsnalli todagisikondaru, aadaagyoo acharaneyalli aantarika carlist kalahadalli sampradayikavada balawark, hosadaagi horahommida pragativaadi banada viruddha guriyannu hondiddaru; 1960 mattu 1970 rahra dasakagalalli carlismn aantarika tunukannu vyaapakavaagi charchisida itihaasakaararu avara hesarannu ullekhisuvudilla. 1960rahra dashakada antyadalli avaru juvanista samparkavannu belesuttiddaru; 1970rahra dasakadalli avaru tamma mommakkala maduvegalige maatra hajaraguttiddaru endu gurutisalaagittu.

espejoyude ettavum valia sammanam oru spanish raashtreeyakkaaranum bisinasukaaranumaayirunnu laa floridayude anchaamathe kaundu tomas doles dii espejo aandu ryoo munos serrano vaii dufork-salinis (1879-1974). ekadesham 30 varshatholam addeham paarambaryavaadatthinum kaarlisathinum ullil pracharanam nadatthi. raajyavyaapakamaayi addeham pinnilayi thudarnnuvenkilum idaykkide addeham praadeshika party neethrthwa jolikal cheiyukayaayirunnu. puthuthayi srishticha francoist stettu partyaya falanch espanola traditionalistayude executive bodikal aaya phastt janda poolitikka, konsejo naashanal ennivayile amgamaayaanu addeham kooduthal ariyappedunnathu. kudumbavum yuvaakkalum. doles vamshavali thekkan aragonumaayi bandhappettirikkunnu; 12-aamm noottaandinte avasaanathil athinte aadya prathinidhikal sradhikkappettu, orikkal vijayakaramaya punarkrameekaranam terruval avakashappettu. eee kudumbam thudakkathil aalbaraasinumaayi bandhappettirunnathinal kaalakramena ayal kaundikalilekku vyaapichu. valencia raajyathinte vadakkan bhaagangalil ninnaan espejo vamshavali uthbhavichath. pathinezhaam noottaandinte thudakkathil iru kudumbangalum parasparam vivaham kazhichu, ithu doles dii espejo shaakhaykku kaaranamaayi. athinte amgangalil palarum speyininte charithratthil avarude perukal srishtichu; tomaasinte muthumuthachanaaya pedro federico doles dii espejoik 1789 ll konde dii laa florida enna padavi labhichu. addehathinte makan randaamathethum tomasinte muthachanumaaya pedro pablo doles dii espejo nepolian kaalaghattatthil svayam verthirichu. 1833-ll aadyathe kaarlist yuddham pottippurappettappol addeham niyamavaadikalude paksham chernnu; paraajayathetthudarnnu addeham naadukadatthappedukayum 1842-ll bordoil vachu marikkukayum cheythu. addehathinte makan tomaasinte pithavumaaya pedro maanuval doles dii espejo (1820-1879), moonnaam kaundu spainilekku madangiyethiyappol terruvalile kudumba bhoovudamakal veendum anumaanichu. saambathika prashnangalkk chumathalappedutthiya moonnaam kaarlist yudhathil addeham kaarlist goodaalochanayil chernnu; kaarlistukal purappeduvicha baanknottukalil addehathinte oppaayirunnu athu. adhehavum naadukadatthappedukayum bioneyil sthirathaamasamaakkukayum cheythu. mattoru prabhukkanaaya araagon kudumbatthil ninnulla oru penkuttiye addeham vivaham kazhichu, maria andrew vaii dufork-salinis (1843-1920). 1876 num 1879 num idayil eee dambathikalkku 3 kuttikalundaayirunnu; rund aanmakkalil ilayavalaayi tomas fraansil janichu. vidhava arayoppanmaarum eppozhaanu spainilekku madangiyethiyathennu vyakthamalla; 1888 ll terruvalile kudumba kottaarathilaanu avale aadyamaayi kandethiyathu. tomasinte aadya varshangalekkurichulla vivarangal nalkia srothassukalil onnumilla, addeham "eskuvela dii laa lialtad vaii thyagam" enna pusthakathilaanu valarnnathu ennathozhike. addeham vidyaabhyaasam nediyathu evideyaanennu vyakthamalla; pinneedu addehathe "enchineeyar" ennu vilichirunnathinaal addeham orupakshe saankethikavidya padichirikkaam, orupakshe madridylayiricam. 1900kalil nirddishtamallaatha oru samayat addeham nirmmaanatthil earppettu; 1911-ll madrid aasthaanamaayulla laa kanstraktara enna kambaniyude maanejarayi addeham ariyapettu. 1912-ll addehathe "propiyettaariyo" ennu vilichirunnu; naalaamathe kaundaraaya thante mootha sahodarante akaalavum makkalillaathathumaaya maranathethudarnnu 1913-ll addeham kudumba bisinesses etteduthu; addehathinu eee padaviyum paarambaryamaayi labhichu. 1912-ll tomas doles teniyant caronel dii artilariya onpathaam nambarinte makalaaya maria dii laa estrella gonsaalas dii laa riva vidiella (1882-1989) vivaham kazhichu. dambathikal konde araandayile madridil sthirathaamasamaakki; 1913 num 1914 num idayil janicha avarkk 3 kuttikalundaayirunnu. avaril aarum oru pothu vyakthiyayi mariyittilla, ennirunnaalum eaka makan, carlos doles dii espejo vaii gonsaalas dii laa riva (1913-2013), oru vyomasena general, 1976 leeii ettavum prashasthamaaya spanish yufo sambhavavumayi bandhappett hrasvamaayi maadhyamashradha nedi. oru ilaya makal, maria, antonio galbis loriga, konde dii morphy, general dii artilaria, francoylake ayudaant oonarifikkiyo ennivare vivaham kazhichu. tomasinteyum maariyayudeyum niravadhi kochumakkalil, ettavum ariyappedunnavar bisinasukaaranum ezhaamathe konde dii laa florida chithrakaaranumaaya carlos doles dii espejo vaii arospid, alphonso galbis doles dii espejo ennivaraanu. aadyakaala rashtreeya jeevitam (1919 vare). rund thalamurakalude poorvvikar niyamaparamaaya kaaranatthinaayi sevikkunnathinaal doles ithu pinthudaraan thayyaaraanenn thonni, prathyekichu addehathinte amayum oru paarambarya kudumbatthil ninnaan vannath. ennirunnaalum, addehathinte yuvathvakaalathu paarambaryavaadam mukhyadharaa kaarlistukalaayum verpirinja ekeekaranavaadikalaayum vibhajikkapettu. addehathinte sahodaran, verum 2 vayass maathram moothavan, vimatharude paksham chernnu; 1893ll 16 vayassullappol addeham nosedalistakalkku parasyamaayi pinthuna prakhyaapichu. 1890kalil pedro doles dii espejo integrist gadanakalil valarnnu, 1900ll valencian janda pravishya presidentaayi uyarnnu, 1907ll valencian janda regionalinte executivil praveshichu. ennirunnaalum, tomas thante mootha sahodarane pinthudarnnuvennu koodiyaalochicha srothassukal onnupolum sthireekarikkukayo nishedhikkukayo cheythilla; 1910 kalude arambham vare addeham raashtreeyathil earppettathaayi rekhappeduthiyittil. 1911ll rashtreeya parithasthithiyil doles aadyamaayi sradhikkappettu, courtessil thadayaanaayi parajayappetta ekeekritha, jaimist nyoonapakshangalil ninnulla paarambaryavaada prathinidhikalkk addeham pinthuna prakadippichu. 1912-ll saidhaanthikamaayi raashtreeyamallaathathum ennaal vaasthavathil uyarnna yaadhaasthithika kuleena samghadanayaaya oru samghadanayil addehathe praveshippichu. thante mootha sahodarante maranathethudarnnu addeham terruval mekhalayile oru abhimaanakaramaaya vyakthiyayi maarukayum thiranjeduppu malsarathil cheraan theerumaanikkukayum cheythu 1914-ll addeham terruval pravishyayile morah dii rubilose jillayil ninnu courtasylake oodi; doonn jaimeyude avakaashavaadathe pinthunaykkunna kaarlist branchile amgamaaya jaymistayaayi addeham svayam prakhyaapikkunnath ithaadyamaayirunnu. aaa sramam akaalamaanennu theliyikkukayum vijayiyaya sthaanaarthiyekkaal 10 madangu kuravu vottukal nedukayum cheytha addeham dayaneeyamaayi paraajayappedukayum cheythu. paraajayathetthudarnnu florida paarlamentinulla thante sramam puthukki ennu orikkalum sthireekarichittilla. 1910-kalude madhyathil, pathrangalil ithinakam "rico propiyettaariyo" ennu vilikkappedunna florida ithinakam thanne jaymista gadanakalil poornnamaayum earppettirunnu. 1915-ll addeham madrid lattina jillayil ninnu adutha varshathe courtus thiranjeduppil malsarikkumennu kimvadanti pracharikkapettu; 1916-ll addeham parambaraagathavaadikalaaya paramashathrukkalaaya liberalukaleppolum ulkkollunna oru thiranjeduppu sakhyam roopeekarikkunnathaayirunnu. 1917ll varaanirikkunna thiranjeduppu prachaaranatthil malsarikkunna jaimistukal, integristukal, mouristtukal, swatantra sthaanaarthikal ennivarude oru thiranjeduppu union mudrakuthaan addeham pravarthichu. addeham madrid munisippal jaimist oorganaiseshante aadya sekrattariyaayi uyarnnu, 1918-ll athinte jefilekkum taamasiyaathe pravishya madrid gadanakalude jefilekkum valarnnu, ennirunnaalum pothuve oru pinnira party vyakthiyayi thudarnnu. doonn jaiminode addeham poornnamaayum vishwasthanaanennu thonniyengilum, kaarlisatthinullile puthiya aabhyanthara samgharshathil florida athinte pradhana sidhaanthakanaaya juvan waskwess dii mellayude pakshatthekku thirinju. valathupaksha sakhyangalodulla mellistayude saadhaarana abhinivesham mathramalla, svechaadhipathya anukoola vikaarangale prathirodhikkanum kendrashakthikale phalapradamaayi pinthunaykkaanum uddeshichulla oru thanthramaaya mahaa yudhathil nishpakshamaaya nilapad vaadikkunnathiloodeyum ithu prakadamaayi. florida samgharshathinte pradhana naayakanmaril oralaayirunnilla, pashchaathalatthil thudarnnu; ennirunnaalum, 1919 ll waskwess dii mella verpirinj swantham party sthaapichappol, doles dii espejo addehathodoppam cheraan theerumaanichu. kalapakaariyaaya melista anurajanam nadatthiya carlista (1919-1936). 1920-ll florida 3 anga mellista kaastilla laa newa executivil chernnu; 1921-ll addeham madridile jeff provincial sthaanavum party yoothu madrid branchinte oonarari presidentum, juventud kaattolika traditionalistayum etteduthu. madridil puthiya sinimaashaalakal sthaapikkuka, mathaparamaya aavasyangalkkaayi panam shekharikkuka, morocoyile sainika pravarthanangalkku sambhavanakal nalkukayum samghadippikkukayum cheyyuka, catholica chadangukalil pankedukkuka, sportsine pinthunaykkuka thudangi vividha samrambhangalil earppettathaayi report cheyyappettu-ennirunnaalum, party gadanakal nirmikkunnathil addeham thirakkilaayirunnuvennu paraamarsikkappettilla. 1922ll addeham saragosa nadanna oru general melista asambliyil pankedukkukayum puthiya party roopeekaranathinu anthimaroopam nalkukayum cheythu. puthuthayi roopeekaricha partido traditionalistayude komitte directivo assembly aarambhichu; florida athinte 3 amgangalil onnaayirunnu. provincious dell centro, surr vaii oostte dii spanish" enna command thaalkkaalikamaayi nalkia madrid jeff provincial aayum addeham sthireekarikkappettu. 1923-leeii mygual primo dii riverayude attimari raajyathe ellah rashtreeya paarttikaleyum nirodhichappol mellista padhathi falapradamalla. pothuve, kuleena samoohathinte jeevakaarunya pravarthanangalkkum aakarshanathinum peruketta florida svakaaryathayilekku pinmari. madrid swadeshiyaaya addeham terruvalile thante laa florida propertyilum valencyayile estettukalilum charadukal chelavazhikkukayaayirunnu. kaarukalil aakrishtanaaya addeham oru sitjas surcuted kaikaaryam cheyyukayum yadhaartha ottomovil clubble mikavu pulartthukayum oru tourist review saha-nadathukayum cheythu; oru puthiya bikkinte udama, kaar moshtikkappedunnathuvar amithamaayi vaahanamodichathinu addehathinu pizha chumatthi. bhoovudamakal ozhike, addeham niravadhi samrambhangalil thaamasichu; nirmmaana kambanikku purame addeham sosidad spania dii talcosinteyum compania dii segros oomniyayudeyum prasidantaayirunnu. dictablanda" samayat doles rashtreeya sramangal puthukki. 1930 meyy maasathil alphonso pathinaraman addehathe sweekarichu. vardhichuvarunna republican veliyettathinethire addeham raajavaazhchayude adithattil nilakondu, pazhaya reethiyilulla desasneham valarthi. 1931 eprilil addeham athinte tikkattil madrid aayunthamiyentoyude thiranjeduppil malsarichu. republic prakhyaapichathode florida thante thalasthaanam videshathekku maattaan shramichu. kasttams sarvees arast cheytha addehathe thadavilaakkukayum kallakkadathu nadatthiya chila swathukkal pidichedukkukayum cheythu. 1932ll muun jaymisttakal, integristakal, mellistakal ennivayil veendum chernna kaarlist loyalttiyilekku addeham thirichetthi. 1933ll addeham kaastilla laa newayude jeff regionalaayi niyamikkapettu. saidhaanthikamaayi abhimaanakaramaaya oru sthaanam vahichittum florida prathyekamaayi sajeevamaayi thonniyilla; party yogangalil samsaarikkunnathayi addeham apoorvvamaayi maathrame rekhappeduthiyittulla. republicinte kaalathe kaarlist pravartthanangal charcha cheyyumbol charitrakaaranmaar addehathinte peru mikkavarum paraamarsikkunnilla. mattu raajavaazhchaasamghangalumaayumamaayum valathupaksha grouppukalumaayum sakhyamundaakkunnathinekku konde dii rodesno maanuval fals thammilulla aabhyanthara neethrthwa shathruthayekkuricho addehathinte nilapad enthaayirunnuvennu vyakthamalla. 1935-ll communiyanaayi fund samghadippikkaan chumathalappedutthiya oru sthaapanamaaya junda dii hassiandayilekku randaamathethu naamanirddesham cheythu. rashtreeya climaxilake (1936-1937). 1936 joolaiyile attimariyude thayyaareduppukalil florida earppettirunno ennu vyakthamalla. 1936 septambar pakuthiyode liyon mekhalaykkayi addehathe kaarlist komisario dii gyoorayilekk naamanirddesham cheythathayi chila srothassukal avakaashappedunnu; septambaril, addeham siudad rodrigoyil ninnu puratthuvannu, rakvette samghadippikkunna thirakkilaayirunnu; octoberil, leoninte shramangalkk puthiya kaarlist reejantaaya doonn javieril ninnu nandi kathu labhichu. salamaankayil thamasikkunna deseeya kaarlist yudhakaala executive, junda naashanal kaarlista dii gyoorayile amgamaayi addehathe pattikappedutthiyittille addeham communion nethaakkalude yogangalil pankedukkaan thudangi. poornnamaayum vyakthamallaatha kaaranangalal addehathinte nilapad valarnnu; orupakshe oru aathidheya florida 1936 desemberile oru kaarlist emarjansi meettingil adhyakshatha vahichathinaal, phaal konde speyinil ninnu pokanamenna francoyude aavasyam kaikaaryam cheiyunnathinaayi vilichirunnu. addeham enthu nilapaadaanu sweekarichathennu vyakthamalla; eee divasam charcha cheiyunna chila charitrakaaranmaar addehathe "rodesnoyude sakhyakakshi" ennu paraamarsikkunnu, ithu anthimatheerumaanam amgeekarikkanamennu florida nirddeshichathaayi soochippikkunnu. 1937-nte thudakkam muthal kaarlistukal oru samsthaana partyilekku nirbandhithamaayi layippikkanulla saadhyatha abhimukeekarikkukayaayirunnu; avakaashavaadiyum faalkkondistakalum achanjalatha thiranjedutthu, rodesno navarees charchakalkku theerumaanichu. februvariyil insuvayil nadanna oru yogathil florida pankedukkukayum maarchil nilanirtthiya rodesnistasinoppam nilkkukayum cheythu. epril aadyam addeham orutharam vimatha navaris sarkkar centralinte yogathil pankedutthu; kaarlistukal, faalngisttukal, kaudillooyude niyamanakkar enniva ulkkollunna oru directory nirddeshikkunna oru franco-addressed nirddesham athu sweekarichu. epril pakuthiyode bergozylake vilichuvaruthiya 4 kaarlistukalil oraalaayirunnu addeham; varaanirikkunna rashtreeya ekeekaranathekkurichu generalysimo avare ariyichu. enthukondaanu franco addehathe eduthathennu vyakthamalla; addehathinte recruitment pravartthanangal kaaranam florida ettavum "prakadamaaya" kaarlistukalil onnaanenn chilar abhipraayappedunnu. akkaalat franco addehathinte sahaayikalum samsthaana party executivinte vyakthiparamaaya gadanayekkurichu prakhyaapikkaanaayi ithinakam pariganichirunnu. thudakkathil adayaalappeduthiya kaarlistukalil florida ulppettirunnilla; shortlist cheytha sthaanaarthikalumaayi franco avatharippicha rodesno, marcelino ulibari ozhivaakkanamennum florida, jose maria masoon ennivayude perukalulla oru seett koodi kaarlistukalkkaayi neekkivachittundennum nirddeshichu. eee nirddesham amgeekarikkappedukayum epril 22 nuu faljez spanish traditionalistayude 10 anga "secretariado ooo junda polistikka" yilek naamanirddesham cheyyappetta 4 kaarlistukalil doles ulppedunnu. athinte ellah amgangalilum addeham orupakshe ettavum ariyappedaatha oraalaayirunnu; niyamichavarekkurichu pathrangal prasidheekaricha hraswa kurippukalil ettavum cheruth addehamaayirunnu. bharanakoodatthinte chila niyamanakkar ulppede niravadhi kaarlisttukale valareyadhikam niraashappedutthi; reejant roshakulanaayi. juunil kaarlist jandaros sainyathil thangalude saannidhyam amgeekarikkaan addehathodu aavasyappettenkilum falamundaayilla; pinneedu vishwasthatha lamghichathinu ellaavareyum communiyanil ninnu purathaakki. executive allengil figurehead (1937-1939). bharanakoodatthil faalaanjistukal kodukkukayum edukkukayum cheyyaathathil niraasanaaya chila kaarlistukal francoyode parathippettu; phalam 1937 octoberil mattoru party bodiyaaya 50 anga konsejo naashanalilekku naamanirddesham cheyyappettu. florida 12 kaarlist nominikalil oralaayi svayam kandethukayum francoist speyinile ettavum uyarnna sthaanathulla siviliyanmaaril oralaayi sthirathaamasamaakkukayum cheythu, samsthaanathu anuvadaneeyamaaya eaka rashtreeya samghadanaye nayikkunna rund samghadanakalilaayi irunnu. ennirunnaalum, rund executive gadanakalum alankaaramaayirunnuvennum muzhuvan party aaa ghattathil oru puthiya gadanayaayirunnuvennum pala charitrakaaranmaarum sammathikkunnu, adikaaram francoyil nilanilkkunnuvennum ennaal athinte pilkkala chalanathmakatha nedunnuvennum urappakkaan ithu aavashyappedunnu. mathramalla, thangalkk niyantrikkaan kazhiyunna oru samghadanayo allengil kuranjathu swaadheenikkaan kazhiyunnatho aayirikkendathu syndicalist blue-sharttukal chittayayi melkkai nedunnathinoppam faalaanchinte oru puthiya pathippayi maarukayaanennu kaarlistukal manassilakki. ekeekaranathethudarnnu rank-aandu-phayal avarude nethaakkale bharanakoodatthil bombitan thudangi, oppam pinthuna abhyarthichu vazhithettikkappedunnathu parathikalumaayi. eee kurippukalum phoon kolukalum sweekarikkunna florida prathijnjaabadhamaaya pinthunayaayi rekhappeduthiyittundu; addeham yadhaarthathil edapettittundo ennu vyakthamalla, ennirunnaalum onnum mariyittillenn vyakthamaan. pothu floridayile aabhyantharayudhathinte bhooribhaagavum vishwasthamaaya francoist nilapad nilanirtthi. ekeekaranathinu anukoolamaayi vaadicha addeham pathrangalil udharikkappettu; addehathinte abhipraayathil carlisavum falnch janaadhipathya virudhavum liberal virudhavum paarlamentiviruddhavum katholikkarumaanennu addeham avakashappettu, bhaviyil nadappaakkenda raajavaazhchaasangharsha parihaarangale iruvarum pinthunachuvennum addeham avakashappettu. kaarlist rajaakkanmaaraaya carlos VII, alphonso carlos ennivare aadarikkunna prabhashanangalil pankedukkunna mattu chila phettu executiveukal allengil martyezhs dii laa tradicioninaayi samarppichirikkunna oru vaarshika kaarlist virunnil pankedukkunnathode, thanikk kazhiyunnathra paarambaryavaada roopam valarthiyedukkaan addeham shramichu. maruvashathu, salamaankayile naasi aasthaanathe virunnu polulla puthiya shailiyilulla paripaadikalil pankedukkunnathil ninnu addeham vittuninilla. 1938-ll addeham salamaankayile phettu jeff pravishya udyogasthanaayi pravarthichu, saadhaaranayaayi ellah pravisyakalileyum ettavum pradhanappetta 3 sivilian sthaanangalilonnaanu; addehathinte kaalavadhi athrayaayirunnu ennu vyakthamalla. francoist rashtreeya vibhaagangalude mukalilulla floridayude currier 1939-leeii venalkkaalathinte avasaanathil avasaanichu. august maasathil addeham pothuparipaadikalil konsejero naashanal aayi pankedutthathaayi report cheyyappettirunnu, ennaal septambaril ithu maari; addeham randaam konsejo naashanalilekku niyamikkapettavaril oralaayi svayam kandethanaayilla, 1940 muthal addeham "konde dii laa florida" ennu pathrangalil report cheyyappettu. addehathinte party executivilninnu vidavaangalinekkurichum prathyekichu athu dayayil ninnulla veezhchayaano atho pinmaranulla bodhapoorvamaaya theerumaanamaano ennathinekkurichum koodiyaalochicha oru srothassukalum oru ulkkazhchayum nalkunnilla. puthiya party syndicalist formaattilulla niraashayethudarnnu raajiyaayirunnenkil; raamon serrano sunar vazhithetticha mattoru pattikayaya jovakvin bouyude kaaryatthilennapole, oru aabhyanthara samgharshathinte falamaayi paarshwavalkkaranam anubhavichirikkaam, prathyekichu florida pothusamoohatthil raajavaazhchayude anivaryamaaya punasthaapanam prakhyaapikkunnath. rashtreeya viramikalum deerghakaala vaardhakyavum (1939 nuu sesham). 1940 kalude thudakkathil florida appozhum pothujeevithatthil undayirunnathinaal raashtreeyathil uyarnna sthaanathaayirunnilla.jii. parambaraagatha ruchiyulla virunnukalil pankedukkunna chila bhaarameriyavar pankedukkunnu. 1942ll addehathe moonnaam konsejo naashanalilekku niyamichirunnilla, addehathinte rashtreeya jeevitam theerchayaayum avasanichathaayi thonni. 1944ll sarkkar udyogastharkkidayil addeham report cheyyappettathupole, athaayath subsecratario dii industria ennu ariyappettirunnathinal ithu krithyamaayi sambhavichirikkilla. ennirunnaalum, ithu theerchayaayum addehathinte francoist episodukalil avasaanathethaayirunnu; athinusesham addehathe partyumaayo sarkkaarumaayo bandhappeduthiyathaayi paraamarsikkappettilla. kaarlisatthil ninnu oru olivu shaakha addeham sweekarichilla; 1942-ll phaal avarude samsthaana party bandhangal upekshikkunnathinaal falngism baadhicha ellaavareyum veendum praveshippikkaamenn prakhyaapichu; chila nethaakkalil eee vaagdaanam padhathiyil ninnu vyakthamaayi ozhivaakkappettu, pakshe florida avaril ulppettirunnilla. 1940 kalude avasaanathil addeham thante pazhayakala sahatharamaaya ricardo orejaykku parasyamaayi pinthuna prakadippikkaan shramichu, randaamathethu madrid munisippal thiranjeduppil vijayichu. ithinakam viramikkal praayatthil, florida niravadhi samrambhangalil sajeevamaayi thudarnnu, kooduthalum dhaatu vibhavangalumayi bandhappettathum nirmmaanam allengil farmaceuticals polulla ashrita bisinasukalumaayi bandhappettathum; avayil chilath, ramhe pole, madrid graan viya polulla abhimaanakaramaaya sthalangalil valia karaarukal nedi. 1950kalil addeham pathivayi sosaitti kolangalil prathyakshappedukayum swantham kudumbavumaayi bandhamillaattha kuleena virunnukalil pankedukkukayum cheythu. addeham martyezhs dii laa traadisiyon prabhashanangalil pankedukkunnathu thudarukayallaathe addehathinte rashtreeya edapedalukal eathaandu illaatheyaayi. 1950kalude madhyathil ithu pettennu maari. 1956ll floridaykku valare abhimaanakaramaaya francoist bahumathiyaaya graan cruze dell merrito sivil labhichu. 1957ll aalphonsist avakaashavaadiyaaya doonn juvanumaayulla deerghakaala bandham avasaanippicha 70 oolam kaarlistukalil oraalaayirunnu addeham. paarambarya thathwangalude aupachaarikamaaya sveekaaryatha addehathe kaarlist veekshanakonil ninnu pinthudarchaavakaashathinu yogyanaakkiyathil samthruptharaaya avar addehathe simhaasanathinte niyamaanusrithamaaya avakashiyaayi prakhyaapichu. estorilos" ennu vilikkappedunnavaril ettavum vishishtanaaya florida, avakaashavaadiyude konsejo prevadoyil praveshichu, aaa padavi addehathinte jeevithavasaanam vare nilanirtthi. octogenarian florida enna nilayilum saamoohika paripaadikalil pankedukkunnathu thudarnnu, chilappol apratheekshithamaya veshangal etteduthu; 1962 ll addeham oru vanita soundaryamathsarathil jooriyude bhaagamaayi. addeham mathaparamaya pravarthanangalil earppettu, prathyekichu hermand dii caballeros dii saan juvan bouttista vaii newstra senora dii laas mersidis raankukalil; idaykkide addeham jeevakaarunya pravarthanangalil adhyakshatha vahichu. addeham shradhaapoorvvam paarambarya paarambaryatthe amgeekarikkunnathu thudarnnu; 1960 kalude avasaanathil waskwess dii mellayude smaranaykkaayi samarppicha saamskaarika paripaadikalkk purame, aabhyanthara yuddha poraalikalude oru samghadanayaaya hermandad dii kristoo reey dii rikkattas ex kombaattantasil addeham earppettu, praayogikamaayi aabhyanthara kaarlist kalahathile oru parambaraagathamaaya kaavalkkaaranaanenkilum, puthuthayi uyarnnuvarunna purogamanavaada vibhaagathinethire lakshyamidunnu; onnum addehathinu pashchaathalathekkurichu ariyaamaayirunnuvenn soochippikkunnilla, 1960 kalilum 1970 kalilum kaarlisatthinte aantharika vighadanathekkurichu vipulamaayi charcha cheiyunna charitrakaaranmaar addehathinte peru paraamarsikkunnilla. 1960 kalude avasaanathilum addeham juvaanista bandham valarthiyedukkunnathu thudarnnu; 1970 kalil addeham thante kochumakkalude vivahangalil pankedutthathaayi maathrame ariyappettirunnulloo.

vishesh divas tommus dolz dii espejo aanee reu munoz serrano vaay dufork-salinis, laa floridache 5 weey count (1879-1974) heey eka spanish rajkarani aanee udhyojak hote. sumare 30 varshe tyanni paramparavad aanee carlismadhye prachar keela. veloveli teey pradeshik pakshachya netrutvachya nokya sambhalat asat, jaree teey deshbharat mageel ranget rahile. navyane tayar jhalelya francovadi rajya paksh, fallange espanola traditionalistachya karyakari sanstha, first junta politica aanee concejo nationalche sadasya mhanoon teey olakhale jaatat. kutumb aanee tarun. dolz vansh dakshin aragonshi sambandhit aahe; 12 vya shatkachya uttaradhat tyache pahile pratinidhi nondavale gele, ekada yashasvi punarrachanene teruelvar dawa keela. heey kutumb suruvatila alberasinashi jodalele hote, kalantarane teey shejarchya parganyanmadhye pasarale. espejo vanshaval valencia rajyachya uttarekadil bhagatoon ugam pavali, jee yethe rahate. donhi kutumbanche 17 vya shatkachya suruvatila aantarvivah jhaale, jyamule dolz dii espejo shakhela janm jhaala. tyachya anek sadasyanni spainchya itihasat tyanchi nave nondavali; tomasche panjoba, pedro federico dolz dii espejo yanna 1789 madhye konde dii laa florida hii padvi denyat aalee. tyacha mulga, dusra gana aanee tomsche aajoba, pedro pablo dolz dii espejo yanni napolean yugat swatahla pratishthit kele. 1833 madhye pahilya carlist yuddh suru jhalyavar tyane kayadeshir pakshakaranchi bajoo ghetali; parabhavanantar too haddapar jhaala aanee 1842 madhye bordo yethe tyacha mrutyu jhaala. tyacha mulga aanee tomsche vadil, pedro manuel dolz dii espejo (1820-1879), tisya gananenusar spainmadhye paratale aanee teruelmadhil kautumbik jameen punha gruheet dharali. aarthik samasyanvar sopavalelya tisya carlist yuddhadarmyan, too carlist katamadhye dekhil sameel jhaala; carlistne jaaree kelelya notanvar tyachi swakshari hotee. too dekhil nirvasit jhaala aanee bionemadhye sthayik jhaala. tyane maria andreau vaay dufork-salinis (1843-1920) yaa dusya kuleen aragon kutumbatil mulishi lagn kele. 1876 teey 1879 darmyan yaa jodpyala 3 mule jhaali; done mulanmadhye sarvat lahan mhanoon tomscha janm francemadhye jhaala. vidhva aanee ardhi anatha spenla kevha paratali heey spasht nahee; 1888 madhye teruel yetheel kautumbik rajvadyat tichi pahilyanda nond jhaali. konatyahi strotanni tomaschya suruvatichya varshambaddal mahitee dilee nahee, fakt too 'escuela day laa lialtad vaay balidanachya' madhye vadhala hota. tyanni tyanche shikshan kuthe ghetale heey spasht nahee; kaaran nantar tyanna 'abhiyanta' mhanoon sambodhale gele, tyanni kadachit tantradnyanacha abhyas keela, kadachit madridmadhye. 1900 chya dashakat eka anirdisht kalat teey bandhkamat guntale hote; 1911 madhye teey madrid-aadharit company, laa constructorache vyavasthapak mhanoon olakhale gele. 1912 madhye tyanna 'propiaterio' mhanoon sambodhale gele; tyancha motha bhau, chautha gana, yachya akali aanee apatyahin mrutyunantar 1913 madhye tyanni kautumbik vyavasay haatee ghetala; tyanna hii padvi dekhil varshane midali. 1912 madhye tommus dolz yanni 9 vya tenniente coronal dii artilleriachi mulgi maria dii laa estrela gonzalez dii laa riva vidiyela (1882-1989) hichyashi vivah keela. heey jodape konde aranda yetheel madridmadhye sthayik jhaale; tyanna 3 mule hotee, jyancha janm 1913 teey 1914 darmyan jhaala. jaree ekulata eka mulga, carlos dolz dii espejo vaay gonzalez dii laa riva (1913-2013), haah havai dalacha eka general hota, jyane 1976 chya sarvat prasiddha spanish ufo ghatanechya sandarbhat kahee kaal prasarmadhyamanche laksh vedhale, taree tyapaiki konihi sarvajanik vyakti banala nahee. eka lahan mulgi, mariane antonio galbis loriga, konde dii morphy, general dii artilleria aanee iudent onerficio too francoshee lagn kele. tommus aanee mariyachya asankhya natvandanmadhye, sarvat prasiddha aahet, vyavsayik aanee 7 weey condey dii laa florida, aanee alphonso galbis dolz dii espejo, eka chitrakar. prarambhik rajkiy karkird (1919 paryant). done pidhyanchya purvajanni kayadeshir karanasathi seva dilyane, visheshtah tyachi aaee dekhil paramparavadi kutumbatoon aalee hotee, tyamule dolz heey tyache anusaran karnyas tayar asalyache disun aale. tathapi, tyachya tarunyat paramparavad mukhya pravahatil carlist aanee vegale ekikaranvadyanmadhye vibhagala gela hota. keval 2 varshanni motha asalela tyacha bhau bandkhoranchi bajoo ghet hota; 1893 madhye 16 varshancha asatana tyane sarvajanikaritya nocedalistaschya samarthanarth aavaj uthavala. 1890 chya dashakat pedro dolz dii espejo ekatma sanrachananmadhye vadhala, 1900 madhye too valencian junta prantacha adhyaksh jhaala aanee 1907 madhye valencian junta pradeshik karyakari padavar pravesh keela. tathapi, sallah ghetalelya konatyahi strotanni pushti kelee nahee (kinwa nakarle nahee) qee tommus tyachya mothya bhavachya mage gela; 1910 chya dashakachya suruvatiparyant, too rajkaranat guntalela asalyache nondavale gele navhate. rajkiy vatavaranat dolzchi pratham nond 1911 madhye jhaali, tyanni ekatma aanee jamist alpasankhyak yaa donhi pakshanchya paramparavadi pratinidhinna pathimba darshavila, jyanni kopyat adthala aananyacha vyarth prayatna keela. 1912 madhye tyanna saiddhantikdrushtya bigger-rajkiy parantu pratyakshat atyant puranmatvadi kuleen sanghatanet pravesh denyat aala. tyachya mothya bhavachya mrutyunantar too teruel kshetrat kahisa pratishthit vyakti banala aanee tyamule tyane nivadanuk sharyatit sameel honyacha nirnay ghetalah 1914 madhye too teruel prantatil morah dii rubilos yaa jilhyatoon courtesla dhawla; donn jaimechya davyala pathimba denanya carlist shakhecha sadasya asalelya jamista mhanoon tyane swatahla ghoshit karanyachi hii pahilich vel hotee. haah prayatna akali siddha jhaala aanee vijayi umedvarachya tulanet 10 putt qamee matey midvat too dayaniyaritya harla. parabhavanantar floridane sansadesathichya tyachya boliche nutanikaran kele asalyachi pushti kadhich jhaleli nahee. 1910 chya dashakachya madhyat, aadhich vruttapatranmadhye 'riko propietario' mhanoon olakhala jaanara florida, aadhich jamista sanrachananmadhye purnapane guntalela hota. 1915 madhye teey madrid latina jilhyatoon pudhchya varshichya cortes nivadanukit bhag ghetil ashee afava pasarali hotee; 1916 madhye jaree teey eka nivadanuk yutee karnyat vyast hote, jyat paramparik kattar shatru, udarmatvadi dekhil sameel asateel, taree hii batami akheris khotee tharali. 1917 madhye tyanni aagami nivadanuk mohimet ubhe karnyasathi jamist, ekatmavadi, maurist aanee swatantra umedvaranchya nivadanuk sanghavar shikkamortab karnyache kaam kele. 1918 madhye teey madrid nagarpalika jamist sanghataneche pahile sachiv banale, aanee lavkarach prantiy madrid sanrachananchya babatitahi teey pudhe gele, jaree sarvasadharanpane teey pakshatil eka mageel kramankache vyaktimatva rahile. jaree too donn jaimala purnapane nishthavan disat asala, taree carlismadhil naveen antargat sangharshat florida tyachya pramukh siddhantkar juan wazquays dii mellachya bajoone valala. heey keval melistachya ujavya vicharsaranichya yutisathichya vishisht pravruttidvarech navhe tarr mahaa yuddhat tatasthavadi bhoomikeche samarthan karoon dekhil disun aale, jeey dhoran swatvachya samarthak bhavanancha pratikar karnyachya aanee kendriya shaktinna prabhavipane pathimba denyachya uddeshane hote. florida haah sangharshachya mukhya nayakanpaiki navhata aanee parshvabhoomit rahila; tathapi, 1919 madhye jevha wazquez dii melah tutala aanee swatacha paksh sthapan keela, tevha dolz dii espejone tyachyasobat sameel honyacha nirnay ghetala. bandkhor melista aanee carlista (1919-1936) yanche samet. 1920 madhye florida 3 sadasyanchya melista castilla laa nueva karyakari mandalat sameel jhaale; 1921 madhye tyanni madridmadhil jephe prantiy aanee pakshachya yuvakanchya madrid shakheche manad adhyaksh, juventud katolika traditionalista, heey padd sweekarle. madridmadhye naveen chitrapatgruhe ubharane, dharmik karanansathi paise gola karane, morokkomadhye lashkari mohimansathi dengya dene aanee tyanche aayojan karane, catholic samarambhanmadhye bhag ghene, khelanna pathimba dene asha vividh upkramanmadhye guntalele asalyache nondavale gele-matra, teey paksh sanrachanechya bandhkamat vyast asalyache namood kele gele nahee. 1922 madhye teey jaragoza yethe honanya sarvasadharan melista sabhela upasthit rahile aanee naveen pakshachya ubharanila antim roop dyayache hote. vidhansabhene navyane sthapan jhalelya partido traditionalistachya kamite directivochy suruvat kelee; florida tyachya 3 sadasyanpaiki eka hota. tyala madrid jephe prantiy mhanoonahi pushti denyat aalee, jyala tatpurte "provincius dell centro, suur vaay oste dii spain" chey netrutva denyat aale. 1923 madhye miguel primo dii riverachya uthavamule deshatil serve rajkiy pakshanvar bandee ghalanyat aalee tevha melista prakalp kvachitach suru jhaala. sarvajanikaritya dharmaday aanee abhijat samajachi bhavyata yasathi prasiddha asalelya floridane khajgipanakade maghar ghetali. madridcha rahivasi asalela too teruelmadhil tyachya laa florida malmattevar aanee valenciatil vasahatinmadhye taar kharch karat hota. karchya babatit aakarshit houn tyane eka sitjes circuit vyavasthapit kele, pratyaksh automoville klabmadhye utkrusht kamgiri kelee aanee paryatak punaravalokanache saha-sanchalan kele; naveen kharedicha malak, tyachi qaar choree hoiparyant jaast vahan chalavalyabaddal tyala dand thothavanyat aala. jamindharak malmatta vagalata, teey anek udhyoganvar jagat hote; bandhkam kampanivyatirikt teey socidad spanola dii talcos aanee compania dii segros aumniyache adhyaksh hote. dictablanda' darmyan dolzney rajkiy prayatna navyane kele. meey 1930 madhye alphonso solavya yane tyanche swagat kele. vadhatya prajasattak bharatichya virodhat too rajeshahichya payathyashi ubha rahila aanee junya shailitil deshbhakti jopasli. april 1931 madhye teey sameel jhalyanantar madrid ayuntamiyentochya nivadanukit tyanchya tikitavar ladhale. prajasattak ghoshit jhalyanantar floridane tyachi rajdhani paradeshat hastantarit karnyacha prayatna keela. simashulk sevene tyala atak kelee aanee taskari karoon aanaleli kahee malmatta japt karnyat aalee asavi. anirdisht velee too pravesh karoon carlist nishthekade paratala, jee 1932 madhye majee jamista, integrista aanee melista madhye punha sameel jhaali. 1933 madhye tyala castilla laa nuevhachya jephe pradeshik mhanoon niyukt karnyat aale. saiddhantikdrushtya pratishthit padd dharan karoonahi, florida vishesh sakriy disat navhate; pakshachya baithakanmadhye teey kvachitach bolat asalyache nondavale gele. aanee prajasattak kalat carlist kriyakalapanvar charcha kartana itihaskar jawaljawal tyachya navacha ullekh karat naheet. itar rajeshahi aanee ujavya vicharsaranichya gatanshi yutee karnyachya vadgrast prashnavar kinwa konde dii rodezano aanee manuel phaul yanchyatil antargat netrutva shatrutvavar tyanchi bhoomika kaay hotee heey spasht nahee. 1935 madhye nantarchya lokanni junta dii hassinda yaa samudayasathi nidhi aayojit karanyachi jababdari sopavalelya sansthesathi tyanche namankan suru kele. rajkiy charmotkarshakade (1936-1937). julai 1936 chya uthavasathichya carlist tayareet florida guntalele hote qee nahee heey spasht nahee. kahee strotancha assa dawa aahe qee september 1936 chya madhyat tyala leone pradeshasathi carlist comissario dii gyura mhanoon namankit karnyat aale; septembermadhye, too siudad rodrigomadhye udayas aala, joou maganichya aayojanat vyast hota; octobermadhye, tyachya leonchya prayatnanna naveen carlist regent donn javierkadoon dhanyavad patra midale. jaree too salamanka yethe rahana rashtriy carlist yuddhakalin karyakari, junta nacional carlista dii gyuracha sadasya mhanoon soochibaddha nasla taree tyane samuday netyanchya baithakanmadhye bhag ghenyas suruvat kelee. purnapane spasht nasalelya karananmule tyachi sthitee vadhali; kadachit yazman floridane december 1936 chya carlist aapatkalin baithakiche adhyakshapad bhushavale, jyat francochya spain sodanyachya maganicha samna karnyasathi bolavale gele. tyane konati bhoomika ghetali heey spasht nahee; yaa divasavar charcha karnare kahee itihaskar tyala "rodezanocha mitra" mhanoon sambodhatat, jeey soochit karate qee floridane antim ishara swikaranyacha prastav mandala. 1937 chya suruvatipasun carlistsna rajya pakshat jabardastine vilinikaran honyachya shakyatecha samna karava lagat hota; davedar aanee facondistanni adkhalan nivadle, rodezano aanee navari lokanni vataghatichi nivad kelee. florida, insa yetheel februvarichya baithakit upasthit hota aanee tyane rodezhnistaschi bajoo ghetali, marchmadhye dekhil sthan rakhale gele. aprilchya suruvatila tyanni kahise bandkhor navaris junta centralchya baithakit bhag ghetala; tyat carlist, falangist aanee codillochya niyukt kelelya vyaktincha samavesh asalela eka nirdeshika suchavnara franco-sambodhit prastav swikarla. aprilchya madhyat too bergonna bolavanyat aalelya 4 karlistpaiki eka hota; generalsimone tyanna aagami rajkiy ektrikaranachi mahitee dilee. francone tyala qaa uchalale heey spasht nahee; kahijan asey suchavatat qee tyachya bharatichya kamanmule florida sarvat "thalak" karlistpaiki eka hota. tyaveli franco aanee tyache sahkari aadhich rajya pakshachya karyakarichya vaiyaktik rachanechi ghoshana karnyababat vichar karat hote. suruvatila chinhankit kelelya caralistmadhye florida navhata; francone shortlist kelelya umedvaransah sadar kelelya rodezanone suchavale qee marcelino ulibarry vagalanyat aala aahe aanee karalistasathi aanakhi eka jaaga aarakshit aahe, jyat florida aanee jose maria mazonechi nave aahet. haah prastav swikaranyat aala aanee 22 april roji dolz haah fallange espanola traditionalistachya 10 sadasyanchya "secretariyado oo junta politica" sathee namankit kelelya 4 caralistmadhye sapadala. tyachya serve sadasyanpaiki too kadachit sarvat qamee dnyat hota; niyuktimbaddal vruttapatranni prakashit kelelya chhotya tippanyanpaiki, tyacha sarvat lahan hota. anek carlistschee khoop nirasha jhaali, jyat kahee juntachya niyuktyanchahi samavesh hota; rajpratinidhi santapt jhaala. junmadhye, carlist genterosne tyala juntat tyanchi upasthiti adhikrut karnyas sangitale, parantu tyacha kahee upayog jhaala nahee; nantar nishthechya ullanghanasathi sarvanna samudayatoon kadhoon taknyat aale. karyakari kinwa aakruti pramukh (1937-1939). sattadhikaryanchya denagi aanee ghenyachya abhavamule nirash jhalelya kahee carlistsney frankokade takrar kelee; parinam mhanoon aktoobar 1937 madhye 50 sadasyanchya concejo national yaa dusya pakshachya sansthesathi namankane hotee. florida swatahla 12 carlist namnirdeshitanmadhye aadhalale aanee rajyat parvanagi asalelya ekmev rajkiy sanghataneche digdarshan karananya done sansthanmadhye basoon, francoist spainchya sarvoch sthanavaril nagarikanmadhye aadhich thampane basalela hota. tathapi, anek itihaskar sahmat aahet qee donhi karyakari rachana tyaeivaji sajavatichya hotya aanee sampoorn paksh tyaa tappyavar eka navjat rachana hotee, jee satta frankokade raheel yachee khatri karnyasathi aanee tarihi tyachi nantarchi gatishilata prapt karnyasathi astitvat aalee. shivay, jyaa sansthevar teey niyantran thevu shakatat kinwa kiman prabhav padu shakatat, tee sanstha mhanoon tyanchi nivad hott asalyache pahoon, syndicalist blue-shirt paddhatshirpane varche paay midvat asalyane, tee adhikadhik falengechya naveen aavruttit rupantarit hott asalyache pahoon, carlist santapt jhaale. ekikarananantar, padd aanee gatane tyanchya netyanvar junta aanee tyanchya viruddhachya takrari gheuun, pathbal magat, hallah karnyas suruvat kelee. yaa nota aanee durdhvani colcha praptakarta mhanoon florida heey vachanbaddha samarthan mhanoon nondavale gele aahe; jaree kahihi badalale nahee heey spasht asale taree tyane kharokhar hastakshep keela qee nahee heey spasht nahee. sarvajanik floridatil bahutansh yadavi yuddhadarmyan eknishth francovadi bhoomika kayam thewali. vruttapatranmadhye, teey ektechya bajoone yuktivad karat asalyache uddhrut kele gele; tyanchya matey carlism aanee fallange heey donhi lokshahivirodhi, udarmatvadi, sansadvirodhi aanee catholic hote, tyanni assa dawa dekhil keela qee doghannihi bhavishyat amalat aanalya jaananya rajeshahi upayanna pathimba deela. carlist kings carlos VII aanee alphonso carlos yancha sanman karananya pravarganna upasthit rahnare kinwa suruvatila rajya pakshane palalelya martiers dii laa tradicianla samarpit varshik carlist mejwanit bhag ghenare itar kahee adhikari, tyanni paramparik swaroop shakya titke vikasit karnyacha prayatna keela. dusarikade, too salamanka yetheel nazi mukhyalayatil mejvanisarkhya naveen shailichya karyakramanna upasthit rahanyapasun door rahila nahee. 1938 madhye tyanni salamanka yethe fete jephe prantiy mhanoon kaam kele, jeey samanyatah pratyek prantatil 3 sarvat mahattvachya nagri padanpaiki eka hote; tyanchya karyakalatil achook tarkha kaay hotya heey spasht nahee. francovadi rajkiy staratil sarvoch sthanavaril floridachi karkird 1939chya unhalyachya uttaradhat sampali. augustchya uttaradhat, too ajunahi concegero national mhanoon sarvajanik karyakramanmadhye bhag ghet asalyache sanganyat aale hote, parantu septembermadhye heey badalale; too swatahla II concejo nationalmadhye niyukt jhalelyanmadhye aadhalala nahee aanee 1940 pasoon too fakt "konde dii laa florida" mhanoon vruttapatranmadhye nondavala gela. sallamasalat kelelya konatyahi strotashi pakshachya karyakarinikadun tyanchya janyabaddal aanee visheshtah too krupetoon padalela nirnay hota qee maghar ghenyacha janivpurvak ghetalela nirnay yabaddal konatihi antardrushti dett nahee. naveen pakshachya syndicalist swarupabaddalachya nirashatenantar too rajinama asoo shakala asata; antargat sangharshamule jhalelya upekshitatecha parinam mhanoon too houu shakala asata, jase qee joaquin bauchya babatit ghadale, ramon serrano sunerne bajula sarleli aanakhi eka yadee, visheshtah florida sarvajanikpane rajeshahichi apariharya punarsthapana ghoshit karat rahila. rajkiy nivrutti aanee dirgh vay (1939 nantar). 1940 chya dashakachya suruvatila florida ajunahi sarvajanik jeevanat upasthit hota, udaa.jee. paramparik chav asalelya mejwanit bhag ghene, jyat kahee bhardast lock upasthit asatat. 1942 madhye tyanchi tisya rashtriy parishadevar niyukti jhaali nahee aanee tyanchi rajkiy karkird nishchitach sampali asey vatat hote. 1944 madhye sarkari adhikadhyanmadhye, mhanje subsecratorio dii industria mhanoon olakhalya jaananya, tyanchi nond jhaali hotee, tase kadachit nemke tase jhaale nasel. tathapi, heey nishchitpane tyanchya francoist prakarananpaiki shevatche prakaran hote; tyanantar tyancha paksh kinwa sarkarshi sambandh asalyache namood kele gele nahee. tyanni carlismchi olive shakha sweekarli nahee; 1942 madhye faulane jaheer kele qee jeey lock tyanchya rajya pakshache sambandh sodoon dett aahet tyanna punha pravesh deela jaau shakato; kahee netyanna yaa yojanetoon spashtapane vagalanyat aale, parantu florida tyanchyamadhye navhata. 1940 chya dashakachya uttaradhat, jevha madrid nagarpalika nivadanukit tyanche majee sahkari melista yashasvi jhaale, tevha tyanni sarvajanikaritya tyanche sahkari ricardo oreja yanna pathimba darshavanyache dhadas kele. jaree aadhich nivruttichya vayat, florida anek udhyoganmadhye sakriy rahila, mukhytah khanij sansadhane aanee bandhkam kinwa aushadhanirman yasarkhya aashrit vyavasayanshi sambandhit; tyapaiki kahee, jase qee ramahe, yanna madrid gran vhiyasarkhya pratishthit thikani mothe kantrat midale. 1950 chya dashakat teey niyamitpane societychya stambhanmadhye, tyanchya swatachya kutumbashi sambandhit aanee asambandhit asalelya kuleen mejwanila upasthit rahile. tyanche rajkiy sambandh jawaljawal avastav hote, keval teey martiers deey laa tradician pravachanela upasthit rahile. 1950chya dashakachya madhyat heey achanak badalale. 1956 madhye floridala gran cruze dell merito sivil haah eka atishay pratishthit francovadi sanman pradan karnyat aala. 1957 madhye, teey 70-visham karlistpaiki eka hote, jyanni alphonsist davedar donn juan yanchyashi dirghkalapasunache sambandh sampavale. paramparik tattvanchya aupcharik swikrutimule too yadichya drushtikonatunahi uttaradhikarasathi yogya tharato, asey samadhan manoon tyanni tyala sinhasanacha vaidh varas mhanoon ghoshit kele. tathakathit 'estorillos' madheel sarvat pratishthitanpaiki eka asalelya floridane davedaranchya gupt nivassthani pravesh keela, jeey padd tyachya aayushyachya akherparyant kayam rahile. eka ashtapailu mhanoon florida samajik karyakramanna upasthit rahila, kahee vela anpekshit bhoomika swikarat; 1962 madhye tyane mahila saundarya spardhet nirnayak mandalacha bhag mhanoon kaam kele. too dharmik upkramanmadhye, visheshtah hermonded dii cabaleros dii sann juan bottista vaay newstra senora dii laas mercedeeschya padanvar guntalela rahila; adhunmadhun too dharmaday upkramanche adhyakshapad bhushavat asey. savadhgirine too paramparavadi varsa swikarat rahila; 1960 chya dashakachya uttaradhat wazquez dii mellah yanchya smaranarth samarpit sanskrutik karyakramanvyatirikt too aupcharikpane yadyakhalil nagri yuddh ladhvayyanchi eka sanstha, jaree vyavharat antargat carlist sangharshatil paramparik snrakshak, navyane udayas aalelya purogami gatachya virodhat asala, taree too hermonded dii christo reey dii requeties ex combatientsmadhye guntalela hota; tyala parshvabhumichi mahitee hotee asey kahihi soochit karat nahee aanee 1960 aanee 1970 chya dashakat carlismchya antargat vikhandanabaddal mothya pramanat charcha karnare itihaskar tyachya navacha ullekh karat naheet. 1960 chya dashakachya uttaradhat dekhil tyanni juanista jodani vikasit karane suru thewale; 1970 chya dashakat teey keval tyanchya natvandanchya lagnat upasthit rahile mhanoon olakhale jaat hote.

vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari vishesh gari tomas dolz day espejo andreu munoj serano wai dufork-salinis, lah floridako panchaun ganana (1879-1974) ek spainy rajnitigya rar wyapari thie. karib 30 warshasamma unle paramparawad rar karlijmabhitra abhiyan chalae. samaya-samayama unle khetriya partyko netritwako kaam gariraheka thie, yadyapi rashtrawyapi rupma uni pachhadi rahe. uni pahilo junta politica rar concejo national, nawanirmit francoist rajya party, falanze espanola tradicionalistako karyakari nikayako sadasyako rupma parichit chhan. pariwar rar yuwa. dolz wansh dakshini aragonsanga sambandhit chha; yasako pahilo pratinidhiharu 12 aun shatabdiko uttarardhama ullekha garieko thiyo, ek patak safal punahpraptile teruelko dabi गऱ्यो।. yo pariwar suruma albarasinsanga jodieko thiyo, samaya bitdai jaanda chhimeki countiharuma failiyo. espejo wansh bhelensia rajyako uttari bhagharubata utpanna bhaeko thiyo, jo yahan basobas gardacha. dui pariwarharule 17 aun shatabdiko suruma apasma vivaha gare, jasle dolz day espejo shakhalai janma diyo. yasaka dherai sadasyaharule spainko itihasma afno naam banae; tomaska hazurbuba, pedro federico dolz day espejolai sann 1789 maa konde day lah floridako upadhi pradan garieko thiyo. unko chhora, dosro ganana rar tomaska hazurbuba, pedro pablo dolz day espejole napolean yugma afulai pratishthit gare. sann 1833 maa pahilo carlist yuddha suru hunda unle waidhaniktaharuka pakshama ubhie; parajayapachi uni nirvasanma gae rar sann 1842 maa bordoma unko mrityu bhayo. unko chhora rar tomaska buba, pedro manuel dolz day espejo (1820-1879), tesro ganana spenma farkiepachhi teruelma pariwarik jagga punah grahan gardai. arthik muddaharuko zimma diieko tesro carlist yuddhako samayama uni carlist shadyantrama pani samel bhae; yo carlistharudwara jaari garieko banknotharuma unko hastakshar thiyo. uni pani nirvasanma gae, bionma basobas gare. unle arko kuleen aragon pariwarko ketty maria andreu wai dufork-salinis (1843-1920) sanga vivaha gare. sann 1876 rar 1879 ko bichma dampatika 3 santan thie; tomasko janma francema dui chhoramadhye kanchhoka rupma bhaeko thiyo. yo spashta chhaina kii vidhava rar adha-anathharu spain kahile farke; uni pahilo patak 1888 maa teruelko pariwarik darbarma firta ullekha garieko chha. paramarsha garieka kunai pani srotharule tomasko prarambhik warshaharuko barema jankari pradan garenan, bahek unko palanposhan "escuela day lah lialtad wai bali" maa bhaeko thiyo. unle afno shiksha kahanbata prapta gare bhanne kura spashta chhaina; kinbhane unlai pachhi "engineer" bhanera chininthyo, unle sambhawatah madridma technology adhyayan gare. sann 1900 ko dashakma ek anirdishta samayama uni nirmanma sanlagna thie; sann 1911 maa uni madridma adharit company, lah constructorako prabandhakko rupma chinie. sann 1912 maa unlai "propietario" bhanera chininthyo; unle afno jetho bhai, chautho gananako samayapurva rar nihsantan mrityupachhi sann 1913 maa pariwarik wyawasaya samhale; unle upadhi pani prapta gare. sann 1912 maa tomus dolzle 9 aun tenniente coronal day artilleriaki chhori maria day lah astrela gonzalez day lah ribha bhidila (1882-1989) sanga vivaha gare. dampati konde arandako madridma basobas gare; uniharuka 3 santanharu thie, 1913 rar 1914 ko bichma janmeka thie. tiniharu madhye kohi pani sarvajanik wyaktitwa bhaenan, yadyapi ek matra chhora, carlos dolz day espejo wai gonzalez day lah riva (1913-2013), ek wayu sena general, sann 1976 ko sabaibhanda prasidha spainy yufo ghatanako sambandhama chhoto samayaka lagi mediako dhyan akarshit गऱ्यो।. ek kanchhi chhori, mariale antonio galbis loriga, konde day morphy, general day artilleria rar francoma ayodante sammanko sath vivaha garin. tomus rar mariaka dherai natinatiniharu madhye, sabaibhanda prasidhaharu carlos dolz day espejo wai aerospide, wyapari rar 7 aun kande day lah florida, rar alphonso galbis dolz day espejo, ek chitrakar hun. prarambhik rajnitik jiwan (sann 1919 samma). dui pustaka purkhaharule waidhaniktako sewa gardai garda dolzle pani yo anusaran garna tayar thie, vishesh gari unaki amah pani paramparawadi pariwarbata aeki thiin. yadyapi, unko yuwawasthama paramparawad mukhyadharako carlist rar alag ekikaranwadiharuma vibhajit thiyo. unka bhai, kewal 2 warsha warishta, vidrohiharuko pakshama thie; sann 1893 maa 16 warshako umerma unle sarvajanik rupma nocedalistaska lagi samarthanko awaz uthae. sann 1890 ko dashakko kramama pedro dolz day espejo ekikrit sanrachanaharuma badhyo, sann 1900 maa bhyalensian junta prantako adhyaksha banyo rar sann 1907 maa bhyalensian junta kshetriyako karyakarima prawesh गऱ्यो।. yadyapi, paramarsha garieka kunai pani srotharule tomasle afno jetho bhailai pachhyae bhanne kura pushti gardainan (wa aswikar gardainan); sann 1910 ko dashakko surusamma, uni rajnitima sanlagna thie bhanera record garieko thiena. dolz pahilo patak sann 1911 maa rajnitik pariweshma ullekha garieko thiyo, unle abhinnawadi rar jaimist alpasankhyak duwaika paramparawadi pratinidhiharulai samarthan pradarshan gare, jasle curtsma wyarthama rokna khoje. sann 1912 maa unlai saidhantik rupma gaira-rajnitik tara wastawma atyadhik rudhiwadi kuleen sangathanma bharna garieko thiyo. afno jetho bhaiko mrityupachhi uni terrual kshetrama kehi hadasamma pratishthit wyakti bane rar yasari chunawi daudama samel hune nirnaya gareh sann 1914 maa uni terrual prantako zilla morah day rubilosbata courtesma bhage; yo pani pahilo patak thiyo jab unle afulai jayamista ghoshana gare, dunn jaimko dawilai samarthan garne carlist shakhako sadasya. yo prayas samayapurva sabit bhayo rar vijayi ummedwarbhanda 10 guna cum mutt prapta gardai uni dayaniya rupma haare. harpachhi floridale sansadka lagi afno bolly nawikaran gareko pushti kahilyai bhaeko chhaina. sann 1910 ko dashakko madhyama florida, pahile nai presma "riko propietario" bhanera chininchha, pahile nai jaimista sanrachanaharuma purna rupma sanlagna thiyo. sann 1915 maa uni madrid latina jillabata arko warshako courtes chunawama bhag line afwah thiyo; antatah yo samachar jhuto sabit bhayo, yadyapi sann 1916 maa uni chunawi gathabandhan banaunama wyasta thie jasma paramparagat kattar shatru, udarwadiharu pani samawesh thie. sann 1917 maa unle agami chunawi abhiyanma maidanmai parne jaimist, integrist, maurist rar swatantra ummedwarharuko chunawi sanghalai sill garna kaam gare. uni sann 1918 maa madrid nagarpalika jaimist sangathanko pahilo sachiva bane, yasako jeff rar chaandai prantiya madrid sanrachanaharuko jeff pani bhayo, yadyapi samanyataya partyko pachhadi raheko wyaktitwa rahyo. yadyapi uni dunn jeimprati purnataya wafadar dekhinthe, carlism bhitrako nayan antarik dwandwama florida yasako pramukh siddhantakar, juan bhajkwej day melako pakshama rahyo. yo melistako dakshinpanthi gathabandhanprati wishishta jhukawale matra hoina, tara maha yudhama tatasthawadi rukhko wakalat garera pani pradarshan garieko thiyo, yo ranniti samarthak bhawanaharuko samana garne rar kendriya shaktiharulai prabhawkari rupma samarthan garne uddeshyale banaieko thiyo. florida dwandwaka mukhya nayakharu madhye ek thiena rar prishthabhumima rahyo; tathapi, jab 1919 maa bhajkwej day mella alag bhae rar afnai party sthapana gare, dolz day espejole unisanga samel hune nirnaya gare. vidrohi melista rar suljhaeko carlista (1919-1936). sann 1920 maa florida 3 sadasyiya melista castila lah nuebha karyakarima samel bhayo; sann 1921 maa, unle madridma jeffe prantiya rar party yuwako madrid shakhako manartha adhyaksha, juvented catolica tradicionalistako pada grahan gare. madridma nayan cinema hull sthapana garne, dharmik uddeshyaka lagi paisa sankalan garne, morakkoma sainya karbahima daan rar danko ayojana garne, catholic samarohaharuma bhag line, khelkudma sahayog garne jasta vibhinna pahalharuma sanlagna raheko report garieko thiyo-tara uni party sanrachana nirmanma wyasta raheko ullekha garieko thiena. sann 1922 maa unle jaragojama bhaeko euta samanya melista sabhama bhag lie rar nayan partyko nirmanlai antim roop dine apeksha garieko thiyo. sabhale nawagathit partido tradicionalistako kamite directivo suru garyo; florida yasako 3 sadasyaharu madhye ek thiyo. unlai madrid jeffe prantiyako rupma pani pushti garieko thiyo, asthayi rupma "provincius dayle centro, sur wai oste day espana" ko command diieko thiyo. melista pariyojanale 1923 maa miguel primo day ribherako kule deshka sabai rajnitik dalharulai pratibandha lagaepachhi shayed nai bhumima uthyo. sarvajanik rupma paropkar rar kuleen samajko glaimarka lagi prakhyat florida gopaniyatama farkieko thiyo. madridka basinda, uni teruelma raheko afno lah florida sampatti rar bhyalensiako astatema tarharu kharcha gariraheka thie. karharuma mohit bhaera unle citges circuit wyawasthapan gare, wastawik atomovil clubma utkrishta pradarshan gare rar paryatak samikshako saha-sanchalan gare; nayan kharidko malik, unko carr chori nabhaesamma atyadhik drivingka lagi unlai jariwana garieko thiyo. jagga sampattiharu bahek, uni dherai udyamharubata basthe; nirman company bahek uni socidad espanola day talcos rar compania day segros omniaka adhyaksha thie. dictablanda" ko samayama dolzle rajnitik prayasharu nawikaran gare. mey 1930 maa unlai alphonso XIII ley swagat gare. badhdo ganatantrako jwarko viruddhama uni purano shailiko deshbhakti vikas gardai rajatantrawadi bhumima ubhie. samel bhaepachi, april 1931 maa uni madrid ayuntamientoko chunawama yasako tikatma bhag lie. ganatantrako ghoshanama floridale afno rajdhani videshma sthanantaran garne prayas गऱ्यो।. bhansar sewale pakrau gareko unlai hirasatma liiyo rar sambhawatah taskari garieka kehi sampatti zafat garieko thiyo. anirdishta samayama uni prawesh garera carlist wafadarima farke, june sann 1932 maa purva jaimista, integrista rar melista feri samel bhayo. sann 1933 maa unlai castila lah nuebhako jeffe khetriya niyukta gariyo. saidhantik rupma pratishthit pada dharan gare tapani florida vishesh sakriya dekhiena; uni party baithakharuma bolne rupma wirlai record garieko thiyo. rar itihaskarharule ganatantrako samayama carlist gatiwidhiharuko chhalfal garda unko naam lagbhag ullekha gardainan. anya rajatantrawadi rar dakshinpanthi samuhaharusanga gathabandhanko vivadaspad prashna, wa konde day rodezno rar manuel fall bichko antarik netritwa pratidwandwitama unko sthiti key thiyo bhanne spashta chhaina. sann 1935 maa pachhillole junta day hassiendama unko manonayanlai trigger गऱ्यो।, june communionka lagi kosh wyawasthit garne zimma diieko nikaya how. rajnitik charmotkarshatira (1936-1937). florida july 1936 ko vidrohako carlist tayarima sanlagna thiyo kii thiena bhanne spashta chhaina. kehi srotharule davi garchhan kii september 1936 ko madhyama unlai leone kshetraka lagi carlist commizario day gyurra manonit garieko thiyo; septemberma, uni siudad rodrigoma dekha pare, anurodhko ayojana garna wyasta thie; octoberma, unko leone prayasharule unlai nayan carlist regent, dunn javierbata dhanyawad patra prapta गऱ्यो।. yadyapi uni rashtriya carlist yuddhakalin karyakari, junta national carlista day gyurrako sadasyako rupma suchibadha chhainan, salamankama basobas gardai unle communion netaharuko baithakharuma bhag lyne thale. purna rupma spashta nabhaeko karanharule garda unko sthiti badhyo; sayed ek ayojak floridale december 1936 ko carlist apatkalin baithakko adhyakshata gare, francoco maglai sambodhan garna bolaieko thiyo kii fall kande spain chhodchha. unle kuna sthiti lieka thie bhanne spashta chhaina; yass dina chhalfal gariraheka kehi itihaskarharule unlai "rodejnoko sahayogi" bhanera ullekha garchhan, jasle floridale antim chetawani swikar garne prastawa gareko sujhawa dinchha. sann 1937 ko prarambhadekhi carlistharule rajya partyma jabarjasti ekikaranko sambhawanako samana gariraheka thie; dawikarta rar falcondistaharule hathashiltako vikalpa roje, rodezno rar nawarriharule wartako vikalpa roje. florida insuama februaryko baithakma upasthit thiyo rar rodejnistasko pakshama thiyo, marchma pani sthiti kayam rakhieko thiyo. aprilko suruma unle kehi hadasamma vidrohi nawaris junta centralko baithakma bhag lie; yasale carlist, falangist rar kadiloka niyuktaharule baneko directory sujhaune franco-sambodhan prastawalai apanaeko thiyo. madhya aprilma uni bergoma bolaieko 4 carlistharu madhye ek thie; generalisimole uniharulai agami rajnitik ekikaranko barema jankari die. unlai francole kinn uthaeko thiyo bhanne spashta chhaina; kohi-kasaile sujhawa dinchhan kii florida unko recute bharti gatiwidhiharuka karan sabaibhanda "wishishta" carlistharu madhye ek thiyo. tyas samayama franco rar unka sahayogiharule rajya partyko karyakariko wyaktigat sanrachana ghoshana garna pahile nai vichar gariraheka thie. florida suruma chihnit carlistharu madhye thiena; francodwara certlist garieka ummedwarharusanga prastut garieko, rodejnole marcelino ulibarrilai chhodiyo rar carlistharuka lagi arko euta sitt arakshit garieko sujhawa die, florida rar jose maria majonko namka sath ayo. prastawa swikar gariyo rar 22 aprilma dolzle afulai falanze espanola tradicionalistako 10 sadasyiya "secretariado o junta politica" maa manonit 4 carlistharu madhye fela parey. yasaka sabai sadasyaharu madhye uni sayed sabaibhanda cum gyat thie; niyuktakartaharuko barema press-prakashit chhoto noteharu madhye, unko sabaibhanda chhoto thiyo. dherai carlistharu dherai nirash bhae, jasma kehi junta niyuktaharu pani thie; rajpratinidhi risaeka thie. junema carlist junterosle unlai juntama afno upasthitilai adhikrit garna agraha garyo, tara kunai faida bhaena; pachhi sabailai wafadari ullanghan garekoma communionbata nishkasana gariyo. karyakari wa figurehead (1937-1939). jhuntama falangistle dine rar line abhawabata nirash bhaera, kehi carlistharule francoma gunaso gare; parinam october 1937 maa arko party nikaya, 50 sadasyiya concejo nessionalma namangkan thiyo. floridale afulai 12 carlist namangkanharu madhye fela parey rar pahile nai francoist spenka uccha-sthit nagarikharu madhye dridhatapurwak rakhieko thiyo, dui nikayaharuma baseko thiyo jasle rajyama anumati diieko ek matra rajnitik sangathanlai nirdeshan गऱ्यो।. yadyapi, dherai itihaskarharu sahamat chhan kii duwai karyakari sanrachanaharu sajawati thie rar sampurna party tyas charanma ek navjat sanrachana thiyo, jasle satta francosanga rahanchha rar ajhai yasako pachhillo gatishilta prapta garna baanki chha bhanera sunishchit garna awhan garieko thiyo. yasabahek, carlistharu uniharule niyantran garna sakne wa kamtima prabhawa parne sakne sanstha key how bhanera patta lagauna risaeka thie, syndicalist nilo-certle wyawasthit rupma mathillo haat prapta gardai, falangeko nayan sanskaranma parinat bhairaheko thiyo. ekikaranpachi carlistko shreni rar filele juntama afna netaharulai bumm prahar garna thale rar samarthanko mag gardai wichlit hune gunasoharu gare. yee noteharu rar fone kalharu praptakartaka rupma floridalai pratigya samarthanko rupma record garieko chha; yo spashta chhaina kii unle wastawma hastakshep gare kii garenan, yadyapi yo spashta chha kii kehi pariwartan bhaeko chhaina. sarvajanik floridama adhikansh grihayudhama ek wafadar francoist stanned kayam rakhyo. samacharpatraharuma unlai ekikaranko pakshama tarka gardai uddhrit garieko thiyo; unka anusar carlism rar falange duwai loktantrik, udarwadi, sansadiya virodhi rar catholic thie, unle yo pani dabi gare kii duwaile bhavishyama karyanwayan garna rajatantrawadi samadhanharulai samarthan gare. spashta rupma unle paramparagat dhancha pani sakesamma kheti garne prayas gare, kehi anya fete karyakariharule carlist rajaharu carlos VII rar alphonso carlosko samman garne prawachanharuma bhag linthe wa martiers day lah tradicianlai samarpit warshik carlist bhojma bhag linthe, suruma rajya partyle awalokan gareko thiyo. arkotarf, unle salamankako nazi mukhyalayama bhoj jasta nayan shailika karyakramharuma bhag linbata tadha rahe. sann 1938 maa unle salamankama fete jeffe prantako rupma kaam gare, samanyataya pratyek prantama 3 sabaibhanda mahatwapurna nagarik padaharu madhye ek; unko karyakalko sahi mitiharu key thie bhanne spashta chhaina. francoist rajnitik starko shirshama raheko floridako currier sann 1939 ko garmiko antyama samapta bhayo. augustma dhilo bhae pani uni sarvajanik karyakramharuma concegero nessionalko rupma bhag line report garieko thiyo, tara yo septemberma pariwartan bhayo; unle afulai dosro concejo nessionalma niyukta wyaktiharu madhye fela paren rar sann 1940 dekhi presma unlai "kande day lah florida" ko rupma report garieko thiyo. paramarsha garieka kunai pani srotle party karyakarinibata unko prasthanko barema kunai antardrishti pradan gardaina, rar vishesh gari yo anugrahabata patan wa firta line sachet nirnaya thiyo kii thiena. yo nayan partyko syndicalist dhanchama nirasha bhaepachi rajinama huna sakthyo; yo antarik dwandwako parinamswarup simantakaran huna sakthyo, jasari yo joakin bausanga bhayo, ramon serano sunerdwara wichlit arko carlist, vishesh gari floridale sarvajanik rupma rajatantrako apariharya punarsthapanako ghoshana gardai aeko thiyo. rajnitik sewaniwritti rar lamo budhyauli (1939 pachhi). ab shirsha rajnitik udanma chhaina, 1940 ko dashakko suruma florida ajhai pani sarvajanik jiwanma upasthit thiyo, jastai.zee. paramparawad-swadayukta bhojharuma bhag lindai jasma kehi bhari wazan bhaeka wyaktiharu upasthit hunchhan. sann 1942 maa uni tesro rashtriya sammelanma niyukta bhaenan rar unko rajnitik jiwan nishchit rupma samapta bhaeko dekhinchha. yo thyakkai tyasto nahun sakchha, kinki sann 1944 maa unlai sarkari adhikariharu, arthat subsecretario day industriako rupma ullekha garieko thiyo. yadyapi, yo nishchit rupma unko francoist episodharu madhye antim thiyo; pachhi uni ab party wa sarkarsanga sambandhit ullekha garieko thiena. unle carlismbata jaitunko shakha swikar garenan; 1942 maa falle ghoshana gare kii falangismle dag lagaeka sabailai punah bharna garna sakinchha kinbhane uniharule afno rajya partyko sambandha tyageka chhan; prastawalai kehi netaharu yojanabata spashta rupma bahira rakhieko thiyo, tara florida tiniharumadhe thiena. sann 1940 ko dashakko uttarardhama unle afna purano sathi melista ricardo orejalai sarvajanik rupma samarthan pradarshan garne sahas gare, jab pachhillole madrid nagarpalika chunawama safal bhayo. yadyapi pahile nai sewaniwritti umermai, florida dheraiwata udyamharuma sakriya rahyo, prayaha khanij srotharu rar nirbhar wyawasayaharu jastai nirman wa aushadhiharu; tiniharu madhye kehi, jastai ramahe, pratishthit sthanharuma bhari anubandhaharu prapta gare, jastai madrid gran bhiya. sann 1950 ko dashakma uni niyamit rupma societe stambhaharuma dekha parchhan, afnai pariwarsanga sambandhit rar asambandhit kuleen bhojharuma bhag linchhan. unko rajnitik sanlagnata lagbhag astitwahin thiyo, bahek unle march day lah tradician prawachanharuma bhag linthe. sann 1950 ko dashakko madhyama yo achanak pariwartan bhayo. sann 1956 maa floridalai gran kruj dayle merito sibhil, ek dherai pratishthit francoist samman pradan garieko thiyo. sann 1957 maa uni 70 wata carlistharu madhye ek thie jasle alphonsist davedar, dunn juansanga lamo samayadekhi melmilapko nishkarsh nikale. paramparawadi siddhantaharuko aupacharik swikritile unlai carlistko drishtikonbata pani uttaradhikarka lagi upayukta banaekoma santushta bhaera uniharule unlai sinhasanko vaidha uttaradhikari ghoshana gare. florida, tathakathit "istorilos" madhye sabaibhanda pratishthit madhye ek, dawikartako concejo pribhadoma prawesh garyo, yo pada unko jiwanko antyasamma kayam rahyo. ek ashtajan floridako rupma pani samajik karyakramharuma bhag lindai rahyo, kahilekaahin asambhawa bhumika grahan gardai; sann 1962 maa unle mahila saundarya pratiyogitama nirnayak mandalko hissa banae. uni dharmik gatiwidhiharuma sanlagna rahe, vishesh gari hermond day cableros day saan juan batista wai newstra senora day lass mercedeesko shrenima; kahilekaahin unle paropkari pahalharuko adhyakshata gare. sawadhanipurwak unle paramparawadi sampadalai swikar gardai gae; sann 1960 ko dashakko uttarardhama bhajkwej day melako samjhanama samarpit sanskritik karyakramharu bahek unle aupacharik rupma grihayuddhaka ladakuharuko carlistko sangathan hermond day cristo rey day requetes ex combatientsma sanlagna bhae, yadyapi abhyasma antarik carlist dwandwama paramparagatwadi parkhal, nayan udaaundo pragatishil gutko viruddhama laxit thiyo; kunai pani kurabata uni prishthabhumiko barema sachet thie bhanne sanket gardainan rar sann 1960 rar 1970 ko dashakma carlismko antarik khandikaranko barema wyapak rupma chhalfal garne itihaskarharule unko naam ullekha gardainan. sann 1960 ko dashakko uttarardhama pani unle juanista link kheti garna thale; sann 1970 ko dashakma uni afna natinatinako vivahama matra sahabhagi bhaeko ullekha thiyo.

aamamananka paain bisesh tomas dolz dii espejo andru munoz cerrano wai dufork-salinis, laa floridara 5maha count (1879-1974) jane spanian rajneta ebong byabasajee thile. praiah 30 barsha dhari shay paramparabit ebong carlism madhyare prachara karithile. samai samajare shay anchalika dalara netrutwa padabeere rahithile, jadio deshabyapee shay barang pacha dhadire rahithile. shay pratham janta politica ebong concejo national, nabagathita francoist rajya dala, fallange espanola tradicionalistara karjyanirbahee sansthara sadasya bhabare janashuna . paribara ebong jubaka. dolz bansha dakhina aragon sahita jadita; ehara pratham pratinidhimane 12shaa shatabdir shesh bhagare ullekha karajaithila, thare saphala punah bijai terrual daabi karithila . ehi paribara prathame albaracin sahita jadita thila, samai sahita padoshi kauntiku byapithila . spezo banshara utpatti valencia rajyara uttara bhagaru hoithila, jie kii ethaare baasa karanti . saptadasa shatabdir prarambhare dui paribara parasparaku bibaha karithile, jaahaa dolz dii espejo shakhar janma deithila. ehara aneka sadasya spain itihasare semanankara naama srusti karithile; tomasnka prapitamaha, pedro federico dolz dii espejonku 1789 ray konde dii laa florida upadhi pradan karajaithila. taanka pua, pua count ebong tomasanka jejebapa, pedro pablo dolz dii espejo, nepoliah jugare nijaku pratisthita karithile. 1833 masihare pratham carlist juddha arambha heba parey shay baidhatabadinka pakhya neithile; parajaya parey shay nirbasanare jaithile ebong 1842 masihare bordore mrutyubarana karithile. taanka pua ebong tomasnka pita, pedro manuel dolz dii espejo (1820-1879), truteeja ganana bhabare spenku pherithile ebong terual ray paribarika jami punah grahan karithile. shay madhya carlist shadajantrare joga deithile, truteeja carlist juddha samajare arthika prasangaku dajitwa diajaithila; ehaa carlist dwara jaari hoithiba banknotere tankara dastakhat thila . shay madhya nirbasanare jaithile, ebong bajonare sthajee bhabe basabasa karithile. shay anya eka sambhranta aragon paribarara jhia, maria andru wai dufork-salinis (1843-1920) nku bibaha karithile. 1876 ru 1879 masiha madhyare ehi dampattinkara pradeshar santan thile; dui puanka madhyare chhot bhabe tomas francere janmagrahana karithile. ehaa spust nuhen je bidhaba ebong ardha-anathamane kebe spenaku pherithile; 1888 ray terualara paribarika prasadare tanku pratham thara paain chinhat karajaithila. paramarsha karajaithiba kaunasi utsa tomasra prarambhika barsha bishajare suchana pradan karinathila, kebala ehaa byatita je shay "esquela dii laa lialtad wai bakrijio" ray badhithile . shay keunthare sikhya laabh karithile taaha spust hoinahin; kaaran parey tanku "engineer" bolly kuhajauthila, shay sambhabatah madridare technology adhyajana karithile. 1900 dashakare eka anirdista samajare shay nirmana karjyare nijojita hoithile; 1911 masihare shay madrid-aadharita company laa constructorar manager bhabare janashuna hoithile. 1912 masihare tanku "propietario" bhabe abhihita karajaithila; 1913 masihare shay paribarika byabasai haataku neithile, taanka budd bhai, chaturtha kauntanka akal ebong nihsantana mrutyu parey; shay madhya ehi upadhi uttaradhikarare paithile. 1912 masihare tomas dolz 9maha tennient coronal dii artilerianka jhia maria dii laa astrella gonzalez dii laa ribha bhidiala (1882-1989) nku bibaha karithile. ehi dampati konde arandara madridare sthajee bhabe basabasa karithile; semanankara pradeshar santan thile, jaahaa jaahaa 1914 madhyare janma hoithile. semananka madhyaru kehi bii sarbajaneena byaktitwa hoinathile, jadio ekamatra putra, carlos dolz dii espejo wai gonzalez dii laa ribha (1913-2013), jane bayusena general, 1976 masihar sabutharu prasidha spanian yufo ghatana sambandhare sankhyepe ganamadhyamara drusti akarshana karithile. jane saana jhia, maria, antonio galbis loriga, konde dii morphy, general dii artilleria ebong aajudante unorphysio tuu phrankonku bibaha karithile. tomes ebong marianka aneka natinatuneenka madhyare, sabutharu janashuna heuchhanti carlos dolz dii espejo wai arospidae, byabasajee ebong 7maha konde dii laa florida, ebong alphonso galbis dolz dii espejo, jane chitrakar . prarambhika rajanaitika kyariyara (1919 parjyanta). dui pidhira purbapurusha baidhatabadi karjya karuthiba bele dolz madhya ehaaku anusarana karibaku prastuta thiba pari laguthila, bisesh curry taanka maaa madhya eka paramparabadi paribararu aasithile. tebe, taanka juba kaalare paramparabitta mukhyadharara carlist ebong bichhinna ekeekaranabadeere bibhakta hoithila. taanka bhai, maatra 2 barsha baristha, bidroheenka pakhya neithile; 1893 masihare 16 barsha bajasare shay sarbajaneena bhabe nocedalistasanka samarthanare swara uttolana karithile. 1890 dashakare pedro dolz dii espejo akhandabadi dhanchare brudhi paile, 1900 masihare valencian junta pradeshikara sabhapati hoithile ebong 1907 masihare valencian junta anchalika karjyanirbaheere prabesha karithile. tebe, paramarsha karajaithiba kaunasi utsa nischita (kimba asweekara) karinathila je tomes taanka budd bhainku anusarana karuthile; 1910 dashkar prarambha parjyanta, shay rajaneetire nijojita thiba record karajai nathila. dolz 1911 ray rajanaitika paribeshare pratham thara paain janashuna hoithile, shay ubhaja akhandabadi ebong jaimista sankhyalaghu sampradayara paramparika pratinidhimananku samarthan pradarshan karithile, jeunmane kartesare byarta bhabare abarodh karibaku chesta karithile . 1912 masihare shay eka tatwika bhabe anarajaneetika kintu bastabare uccha rakhyanashila sambhranta sangathanare samil hoithile. taanka budd bhainka mrutyu parey shay terual khetrare kichhi sammanajanaka byaktitwa hoithile ebong nirbachana daudare jogadebaku nishpatti neithileh 1914 ray shay terual pradeshar eka zillah morah dii rubilosaru kartesku doudithile; ehaa madhya pratham thara thila jetebele shay nijaku jane jaimista ghoshana karithile, donn jaimnka dabiku samarthan karuthiba carlist shakhar sadasya . ehi prayasa samai purbaru pramanita hoithila ebong shay jane bijai prartheenka tulanare 10 guna comm bhot hassel curry shochaniah bhabare harithile. parajaya parey florida kebe bii sansada paain taanka dabiku nabikarana karinahin bolly nischita hoichhi. 1910 dashkar madhyabhagare florida, jaahaaku presare purbaru "rico propietario" bhabare ullekha karajaithila, jaimista sanrachanare sampurna bhabare nijojita thila . 1915 masihare shay madrid latina jillaru parabarti barshar cortes nirbachanare pratidwandita karibe bolly gujab prakash paithila; sheshare ehi khabara mithya pramanita hoithila, jadio 1916 masihare shay eka nirbachani ment sthapana karibare byasta thile jeunthire paramparika kattara shatru, udarapanthi madhya antarbhukta thile . 1917 masihare shay agami nirbachana abhijanare prarthi hebaku thiba jaimista, integrist, maurista ebong swadheena prartheenka eka nirbachana sanghaku sil karibaku karjya karithile. shay madrid municipality jaimist sangathanara pratham sachiba hoithile, 1918 ray ehara jeff ebong shighra pradeshika madrid dhanchara jeff madhya brudhi paila, jadio sadharana bhabare eka pacha-dhadi dalara byaktitwa . jadio shay donn jaimnka prati sampurna biswasta thile, carlisim madhyare nutan aabhyantareen sangharshare florida ehara mukhya tatwabit, juan bhajwej dii mellanka pakhya nebaku prabrutta hoithile . dakhinapanthi ment prati melistanka sadharana prabrutti dwara ehaa kebala pradarshita hoinathila, barang mahan juddhare nirapekhyabadee aabhimukhyaku samarthan curry madhya ehaa pradarshita hoithila, jaahaa eka ranneeti jaahaa prabakta-samarthaka bhabanaku pratihata kariba ebong kendriah shaktiku prabhabi bhabare samarthan kariba paain uddista . florida ehi sangharshara mukhya najakamananka madhyare nathila ebong ehaa prusthabhoomire rahithila; tathapi, jetebele 1919 masihare bhajkwej dii melah alga hoi nijara dala gathan karithile, dolz dii espejo taanka sahita jogadebaku nishpatti neithile. bidrohi melista ebong karlistanka madhyare bujhamana (1919-1936). 1920 masihare florida eka 3-sadasya mellista castilla laa nuebha karjyanirbaheere joga delah; 1921 masihare shay madridare jeff pradeshika padabee grahan kale ebong dalara juba, juventud katolika tradicionalistara madrid shakhar sammanajanaka sabhapati hoithile. madridare nutan cinema hull pratistha, dharmika uddeshyare artha sangraha, morokkore sena aparesanaku daana ebong daana ayojan, catholic samarohare anshagrahana, kreedaku samarthan kariba bhali bibhinna padakhyepare nijojita thiba shay ullekha karithile-tebe, shay party sanrachana nirmanare byasta thiba bhabare ullekha karajai nathila. 1922 masihare shay jaragojare ajojita eka sadharana melista sabhare joga deithile ebong nutan dalara gathanaku chudanta karibara thila. ehi sabha nabagathita partido tradicionalistara kamite directivo arambha karithila; florida ehara 3 john sadasyanka madhyaru anyatama thila . tanku madrid jeff pradeshika bhabe madhya nischita karajaithila, asthajee bhabe "probhinsijas dayle centro, sur we oste dii spain" rahr command diajaithila. 1923 masihare miguel primo dii riverara abhyutthana deshar samasta rajanaitika dalaku nishidha kariba parey melista prakalpati sambhabatah arambha hoinathila. florida gopaneejataku pratyahara karineithila, jaahaa sarbajaneena bhabare databya ebong sambhranta samajara aakarshaneejata paain janashuna . madrider basinda, shay terualre thiba taanka laa florida sampatti ebong valencier istetare taara kharcha karuthile. karare akarshita hoi shay eka sitz circuit parichalana karithile, prakruta atomovil klabare utkarshata hassel karithile ebong eka parjyataka samikhyara saha-parichalana karithile; eka nutan bikara malika, taanka kaara chori naheba parjyanta atyadhika draiving paain tanku zarimana karajaithila . jami malikana sampattiku baada dei, shay aneka udyogare rahuthile; nirmana company byatita shay socidad espanola dii talcos ebong compania dii segros omniara sabhapati thile. dictablanda" samajare dolz rajanaitika prajasaku nabikarana karithile. 1930 masiha meey maasare tanku alphonso dwiteeja swagata karithile. udiyamana ganatantrar juar biruddhare shay rajatantrabadi bhittire thia hoithile, puruna saileera deshprem srusti karithile. jogadeba parey, april 1931 ray shay madrid ayuntamiyento paain nirbachanare ehara tiketare pratidwandita karithile. ganatantra ghoshana heba parey florida taanka rajadhaniku bideshaku sthanantara karibaku chesta karithila. seema shulka seba dwara girapha hoi tanku ataka rakhajaithila ebong sambhabatah chorachalana karajaithiba kichhi sampatti jabata karajaithila. anirdista samajare shay prabesha curry carlist aanugatyaku pherithile, jaahaa 1932 ray purbatana jaimista, integrista ebong melista sahita punarbara joga deithila . 1933 masihare shay ehara jephe anchalika castilla laa nuebha bhabe nijukta hoithile. tatwika drustiru eka sammanajanaka padabee dhaaran kariba satwe, florida bisesh sakriya dekhajaunathila; shay dalara baithakare bhashana deba paain kwachit record karajaithila . ebong itihasagyamane sadharanatantra samajare carlist karjyakalapa bishajare alochana kariba samajare taanka naama praiah ullekha karanti naahin . anya rajatantrabadi ebong dakhinapanthi gosthi sahita ment kimba konde dii rhodezno ebong manuel phalanka madhyare aabhyantareen netrutwa pratidwandita upare tankara sthiti qa "naa thila taaha spust hoinahin. 1935 masihare parabarteeti junta dii hassiendaku taanka namankanaku twaranwita karithila, jaahaa communion paain panthi sangathita kariba paain dajitwa diajaithiba eka sanstha . rajanaitika parakastha aadaku (1936-1937). 1936 masiha july maasare hoithiba abhyutthana paain florida carlist prastutire nijojita thila kii naahin taaha spust hoinahin. keteka sutra daabi karichanti je 1936 masiha september masser madhyabhagare tanku leone anchala paain carlist commissario dii gyura bhabe manoneet karajaithila; september maasare shay siudada rodrigore aabirbhuta hoithile, jie kii anurodhara ayojan karibare byasta thile; october maasare, taanka leone prayasa tanku nutan carlist regent donn jabhijaranka thaaru dhanyabada patra paithila. jadio shay jatiah carlist judhakaleena karjyanirbahee, junta national carlista dii gyurara sadasya bhabare talikabhukta nuhnti, salamankare rahuthiba shay communion netanka baithakare anshagrahana kariba arambha karithile . jeun karanagudika sampurna bhabe spust nuhen, sethipain tankara sthiti brudhi paithila; sambhabatah jane aajojaka florida december 1936rahr eka carlist jarureekaleena baithakare adhyakhyata karithile, jaahaa phrankora dabir mukabila kariba paain dakajaithila je fall konde spain chhadi chalijanti. shay keun abhimukhya grahan karithile taaha spust hoinahin; ehi deane bishajare alochana karuthiba keteka aitihasika tanku "rodejnonka sahajogee" bolly ullekha karichanti, jaahaa suchita kare je florida ultimatum grahan karibaku prastaba deichi. 1937 masiha prarambharu carlistmane eka rajya dalare badhyatamoolaka misranara sambhabanara sammukheen heuthile; dabidara ebong falcondistamane adamyataku bachithile, rhodezno ebong nabris alochana paain bachithile . februari maasare inasuathare eka baithakare florida upasthita thila ebong rodejnistasanka pakhya neithila, jeun padabi march maasare madhya bajaiah rakhajaithila. april maasa prarambhare shay kichhi matrare bidrohi nabris junta central rahr eka baithakare anshagrahana karithile; ehaa eka franco-thikana prastaba grahan karithila jaahaa eka nirdeshika prastaba deithila, jaahaa carlist, phalangista ebong kadilonka nijuktamananku nei gathita . april madhyabhagare shay bargoku dakajaithiba 4 john karlistanka madhyaru jane thile; generalysimo semananku agami rajanaitika ekikarana bishajare suchana deithile. ehaa spust hoinahin je tanku franco kahinki uthaile; keteka mott dianti je tankara anurodha nijukti karjyakalapa hetu florida sabutharu "spust" carlist madhyare thila . sehi samajare franco ebong taanka sahajogeemane purbaru rajya dalara karjyanirbaheera byaktigata gathan bishajare bichara karuthile jaahaa kebala ghoshana karajiba. prathame chinhita carlist madhyare florida nathila; franco dwara sankhipta talikabhukta prartheenka saha upasthapita, rhodezno paramarsha deithile je marcelio ulibariku hatai diajaichhi ebong carlist paain aau eka aasana sanrakhita achhi, florida ebong jose maria majon naama sahita aasuchhi . ehi prastabaku grahan karajaithila ebong april 22 ray dolz nijaku fallange espanola tradicionalistara 10 sadasya "secretariado oh junta politica" ku manoneet 4 tii carlist madhyare paithile. ehara samasta sadasyanka madhyare shay bodhahue sabutharu comm janashuna thile; nijukta byaktinka bishajare press-prakashita khudra note madhyare, tankara sankhiptatama thila . aneka karlistanku bahuta nirash karithile, jeunthire kichhi junta nijukta byakti madhya samil thile; rajapratinidhi krodhita hoithile. june maasare carlist genteros tanku jantare semanankara upasthitiku adhikruta karibaku kahithile, kintu kaunasi laabh hoinathila; parey samastanku biswastatara ullanghana paain kamyunianaru bahishkara karajaithila. karjyanirbahee kimba figure head (1937-1939). samantabadimane janta deba ebong neba abhabaru hatash hoi, keteka carlist phrankonka nikatare abhijoga karithile; phalaphal thila october october anya eka dala sanstha, 50 janiaa concejo nyasanalaku namankana. florida nijaku 12 john carlist manoneet byaktinka madhyare paithila ebong purbaru francoist spainer sarbocha abasthapita nagarikamananka madhyare drudha bhabare abasthapita hoithila, rajyare anumathi diajaithiba ekamatra rajanaitika sangathanaku nirdesh deuthiba duiti sansthare basithila . tathapi, aneka aitihasika sahmat je ubhaja karjyanirbahee dhancha barang alankarika thila ebong samagra dala sehi parjyajare eka nutan dhancha thila, jaahaa phrankonka pakhare khyamata rahiba ebong tathapi ehara parabarti gatisheelata hassel kariba sunishchita karibaku aahwana karajaithila . adhikantu, carlistmane ehaa dekhi krodhita hoithile je semane jaahaa nijantrana kariparibe kimba ati kamare prabhaba pakaiparibe, taaha fallanger eka nutan sanskaranare parinata heuchhi, cindicalist blue-sart byabasthita bhabare pradhanya hassel karuchhi . ekikarana parey ranka-anded-file semanankara netamananku juntare bomabarshana karibaku arambha karithile ebong samarthan maagi, pathabhrasta heba abhijoga sahita sahmat hoithile. jehetu ehi note ebong phone cull rahr praptakartta florida pratishrutibadha samarthan bhabare record karajaichi; ehaa spust nuhen je shay prakrutare hastakhyepa karithile kii naahin, jadio ehaa spust je kichhi badali naahin . sarbajaneena floridare adhikansha gruhajudha samajare eka biswasta francoist abhimukhya bajaiah rakhajaithila. sambadapatrare shay ekikarana sapakhyare jukti karuthiba uddhruta karajaithila; taanka matare ubhaja carlisim ebong fallange ganatantrika birodhi, udarabadi birodhi, sansada birodhi ebong catholic thile, shay ehaa madhya daabi karithile je ubhaja bhabishyatare karjyakaree hebaku thiba rajatantrabadi samadhanaku samarthan karithile. spastatah shay paramparika pharmataku jathasambhaba bikashita karibaku chesta karithile, anya keteka fait karjyanirbahee carlist raja carlos 7maha ebong alphonso karlosnku sammana janai dharmopadeshare joga deithile kimba martyrs dii laa tradisijanku utsargeekruta eka barshika carlist bhojire anshagrahana karithile, jaahaa prathame rajya dala dwara palana karajaithila . anyapakhyare, shay nooa saileera karjyakramare joga debaru doorei nathile, jepariki salamankara nazi mukhyalajare bhoji . 1938 masihare shay salamankare fait jeff pradeshika bhabe karjya karithile, jaahaa sadharanatah pratyeka pradeshar pradeshar gurutwapurna besamarika padabee madhyaru gotie; taanka karjyakalara sathik tarikh qa "naa taaha spust hoinahin. francobadi rajanaitika starar sheershare thiba floridara kyariyara 1939 rahr grishma rutura shesh bhagare samapta hoithila. august maasa parjyanta shay concegero national bhabare sarbajaneena karjyakramare anshagrahana karuthiba suchana milithila, kintu septembarare ehaa badaligala; shay nijaku dwiteeja concejo nyasanalaku nijukta byaktinka madhyare paai nathile ebong 1940 ru arambha curry shay presare kebala "konde dii laa florida" bhabare report hoithile . paramarsha karajaithiba kaunasi utsa dalara karjyanirbaheeru tankara prasthana bishajare kaunasi antardrusti pradan kare naahin, ebong nirdista bhabare ehaa anugraharu patana kimba pratyahara karibara eka sachetan nishpatti thila kii naahin . nutan dalara cindicalist pharmataku nei nirasha parey ehaa istafa hoi parithanta; ehaa eka aabhyantareen bibadara phalaswaroopa upanteekarana hoithaipare, jepari ehaa joaquin baunka sahita ghatithila, raman cerrano suneranka dwara pathabhrasta hoithiba anya eka carlist, bisesh curry florida sarbasadharanare rajtantrara anibarjya punaruddhara ghoshana karuthila . rajanaitika absar ebong dirgha bardhakya (1939 parey). 1940 dashkar prarambhare florida aau shirsha rajanaitika udanare nathila, epariki sarbajaneena jeebanare upasthita thila.jii. paramparika swadajukta bhojire anshagrahana kariba, jeunthire kichhi bhaari ozner byakti joga dianti. 1942 masihare tanku truteeja jatiah parishadare nijukta karajai nathila ebong tankara rajanaitika kyariyara nischita bhabe shesh hoijaithiba pari laguthila. ehaa thick hoinathaipare, kaaran 1944 masihare sarkari adhikarinka madhyare shay report hoithile, jathaa subsecretario dii industria bhabare janashuna . tebe, ehaa nischita bhabe tankara francoist adhyajagudika madhyaru shesh thila; parey shay aau dala kimba sarkar sahita samprukta nathile. shay karlijamaru eka alibh shakhaku grahan karinathile; 1942 ray fall ghoshana karithile je falangijama dwara dagajukta samastanku punarbara grahan karajaipare kaaran semane semanankara rajya dala sanjoga parityaga karanti; ehi prastabati kichhi neta jojanaru spust bhabare baada diajaithila, kintu florida semananka madhyare nathila . 1940 dashkar shesh bhagare shay tankara puruna saathee melista, ricardo orejanka paain sarbasadharanare samarthan pradarshan karibaku udyama karithile, jetebele shay madrid municipality nirbachanare saphala hoithile. jadio purbaru absar grahan bajasare, florida aneka udyogare sakriya rahithila, mukhyatah khanija sampada ebong nirbharashila byabasai, jepariki nirmana kimba pharmaceuticals sahita jadita; semananka madhyaru keteka, jathaa ramhe, madrid gran bhiaa pari sammanajanaka sthanare mota chukti hassel karithile . 1950 dashakare shay nijamita bhabe societe stambhare sthana paithile, niz paribara saha samparka nathiba ebong sambhranta bhojire joga deuthile. tankara rajanaitika karjya praiah asampurna thila, kebala ehaa byatita je shay 'martiers dee laa tradician' upadeshare joga deuthile. 1950 dashkar madhyabhagare ehaa hathat badaligala. 1956 masihare floridaku gran kruja dayle merito sivila puraskara pradan karajaithila, jaahaa eka atyanta sammanajanaka francoist sammana. 1957 masihare shay shay karlistanka madhyare thile, jeunmane alphonsist dabidara donn juannka saha dirgha dinara samparka samapta karithile. paramparika neetigudikara aanusthanika swekruti tanku carlist drustikonaru madhya uttaradhikara paain upajukta bolly santusta curry semane tanku singhasanara baidha uttaradhikari ghoshana karithile. tathakathita "astorilos" madhyaru anyatama bisista florida, dabidaranka concejo praibhadore prabesha karithile, ehi padabee taanka jeebner shesh parjyanta bajaiah rahithila . jane asta-banshiah florida bhabe madhya samajika karjyakramare joga deuthile, belebele asambhaba bhumika grahan karuthile; 1962 masihare shay eka mahila saundarjya pratijogitare eka bicharaka mandalira anshabisesha gathan karithile. shay dharmika karjyakalapare nijojita rahithile, bisesh curry hermandad dii cabaleros dii shaan juan batista wai nyustra senora dii laas mercedes padabeere; belebele shay databya padakhyepara adhyakhyata karithile . shay satarkatara saha paramparika aitihyaku sweekara karuthile; 1960 dashkar shesh bhagare bhajwej dii mellanka smruti uddeshyare utsargeekruta sanskrutika karjyakram byatita shay aanusthanika bhabare gruhajudha joddhamananka eka sangathana, hermondad dii christo ray dii requetes ex combatientesare nijojita hoithile, jadio abhyasare eka nutan udiyamana pragatibadee gosthi biruddhare uddista aabhyantareen carlist sangharshare eka paramparika prachira; kichhi suchai naahin je shay prusthabhumi bishajare abgat thile ebong 1960 ebong 1970 dashakare carliser aabhyantareen bibhajan bishajare bistruta bhabare alochana karuthiba aitihasikamane taanka naama ullekha karanti naahin . 1960 dashkar shesh bhagare madhya shay juanista linka chaash karithile; 1970 dashakare shay kebala taanka natinatuneenka bibaahare jogadeba paain janashuna thile.

sansar dey sabh toon vadde shehar tomes doles dee espejo atey ruu munoz cerrano vaaee dufork-salinis, laa florida dee 5veen ginti (1879-1974) ikk spanish siasatdan atey vapari see. lagbhag 30 saalan takk unhan neey parampravad atey carlism dey ander prachar keeta. samein-samein 'teey uh khetri party dee agvai deeaan asamiaan' teey kamm qarr rahey sunn, halanki desh bharr witch uh pichokad witch rahey. uh pahili janta politica atey concejo national, naveen banayi gaee francoist state party, fallange spanish ravaiti party deeaan karajkari sansthavan dey member vajon jaane jaande hunn. parivaar atey naujwan. dalls vansh dakkhni aragon naal sabandhat haii; iss dey pahile numainde 12 veen sadee dey akheer witch nott keete gaye sunn, ikk vaar jadon safal punar-jitt neey truel daa daava keeta see. parivaar shuru witch albrassin naal judiaa hoiaa see, samein dey naal guandhi kauntiaan witch fail giaa. espejo vansh valencia dey raaj dey uttri hissiaan toon utpan hoiaa, joe kii iss witch rahinda haii. dovan parivaran neey 17veen sadee dey arambh witch ops witch viaah karwa liaa, jiss naal doles dee espejo shakha noon janam miliaa. iss dey bahut saare memberan neey spain dey itihaas witch aapne naam banaae; tomes dey padadada, pedro federico doles dee espejo noon 1789 witch konde dee laa florida daa khitaab ditta giaa see. uss dey puttar, dooje ginti atey tomes dey daada, pedro pablo doles dee espejo neey napolean yugg dauran aapne aap noon vakkhra keeta. 1833 witch pahili carlist jung dey shuru honn 'teey usne kanunnivadiyan daa pakkh liaa; haar toon baad uh jalawatni witch chalaa giaa atey 1842 witch bardo witch usdi maut hoow gaee. uss daa puttar atey tomes daa pitaa, pedro manuel doles dee espejo (1820-1879), tiji ginti dey roop witch spain waps aaa giaa atey truel witch parivarak zaminan noon mudd-manniaa. uh carlist dee sajish witch vee shamal hoow giaa, aarthik muddiaan naal jude teeje carlist yuddh dauran; ih carlist duaara jaari keete gaye baink notan utte uss dey dastkhat sunn. uh vee jalawatni witch chalaa giaa atey beon witch vas giaa. uss neey ikk horr kuleen aragon parivaar dee ladki, maria andru vaaee dufork-salinis (1843-1920) naal viaah karvaiaa. 1876 atey 1879 dey vichkaar jode dey 3 bacche sunn; tomes daa janam france witch doou puttran vicchon chhote vajon hoiaa see. ih spasht naheen haii kii vidhwa atey addhe-aurfan spain kadon parte sunn; uh pahili vaar 1888 witch truel dey parivarak mahil witch waps nott keeti gaee see. kise vee sarot neey tomes dey shuruati saalan baare jankari pardan naheen keeti, sivaae iss dey kii uss daa paalan poshan "escula day laa lealted vaaee balidan" witch keeta giaa see. ih naa taan spasht haii kii uss neey aapni sikkhiaa kitthe prapat keeti; kiunki baad witch uss noon "engineer" kiha giaa see, uss neey shayed medrid witch technology dee padahi keeti see. 1900 dey dahake witch ikk ann-nirdharat samein witch uh nirman witch rujhe hoye sunn; 1911 witch uh ikk medrid-adharat company, laa constructora dey manager vajon jaane jaande sunn. sann 1912 witch uhanan noon "propeterio" kiha giaa see; uhanan neey aapne vadde bharaa, chauthe ginti dee samein toon pahilan atey belad maut toon baad, sann 1913 witch parivarak carobar sambhaliaa; uhanan noon ih khitaab vee virasat witch miliaa. 1912 witch tomes dolls neey maria dee laa astrela gonzalez dee laa reeva vidiala (1882-1989) naal viaah karvaiaa, joe tennient coronal dee artilleria 9 veen dee dhee see. ih jodda konde aranda vikhe medrid witch settle hoow giaa; uhanan dey 3 bacche sunn, jinhan daa janam 1913 atey 1914 dey vichkaar hoiaa see. unhan vicchon koee vee jantak shakhsiat naheen bann giaa, halanki iklauta puttar, carlos doles dee espejo vaaee gonzalez dee laa reeva (1913-2013), ikk havaai saina general, neey sankhep witch 1976 dee sabh toon mashur spanish yuu. eff. ou. ghatna dey sabndh witch media daa dhiaan khichiaa. ikk chhoti dhee, maria, neey antonio galbis loriga, konde dee morafi, general dee artilleria atey ayudante onerphysio toon franco naal viaah karwa liaa. tomes atey maria dey kaee pote-potiaan witch, sabh toon vaddh jaane jaande carlos doles dee espejo vaaee aerospied, vapari atey 7 veen konde dee laa florida, atey alfonso galbis doles dee espejo, ikk chittarkar hunn. shuruati rajneetak carrier (1919 takk). kanunni udesh dee seva curran vaale purvajan deeaan doou peedhiaan dey naal, dalls iss dee palna curran laee tiaar japda see, khaskar kii uss dee maan vee ikk parampravadi parivaar toon see. halanki, uss dee jawani dauran parampravad noon mukkh dhaara deeaan carlistan atey vakkh hoye ekikaranvadiaan witch vandiaa giaa see. uss dey bharaa, joe siraf 2 saal vadde sunn, neey vidrohiaan daa pakkh liaa; sann 1893 witch 16 saal dee umar witch unhan neey jantak taur utte nocedalista daa samarthan keeta. 1890 dey dahake dey dauran pedro doles dee espejo ekikrit dhanchiaan witch vadhiaa, 1900 witch valencian junta subai dey pardhan bann giaa atey 1907 witch valencian junta khetri dey karajkari witch dakhal hoiaa. halanki, salaah-mashware vaale kise vee sarot neey iss gall dee pushti naheen keeti (jaan inkaar naheen keeta) kii tomes neey aapne vadde bharaa daa paalan keeta; 1910 dey dahake dey arambh takk, uh rajneeti witch rujhe hoye vajon daraj naheen keete gaye sunn. dalls noon pahili vaar 1911 witch rajneetak mahaul witch nott keeta giaa see, usne ekikrit atey jamist ghatt gintiaan dovan dey parampravadi daiputiaan daa samarthan keeta, jinhan neey courts witch rukawat paunh dee koshish keeti. sann 1912 witch uhanan noon ikk sidhantak taur utte gair-rajneetak parr asal witch ucch rudhiwadi kuleen sangathan witch dakhal keeta giaa see. aapne vadde bharaa dee maut toon baad uh truel khetar witch kujh vakkari shakhsiat bann giaa atey iss tarahan chonh daud witch shamal honn daa faisla keetaau 1914 witch uh truel prant dey ikk zilhe, morah dee rubilos toon courts takk bhajjiaa; ih pahili vaar see jadon usne aapne aap noon jamista ghoshit keeta, joe daan jaim dey daave daa samarthan curran vaali carlist shakha daa member see. ih koshish samein toon pahilan saabat hoee atey uh ikk jetu umidwar naalon 10 gunna ghatt vott prapat karke buri tarahan haar giaa. haar toon baad florida neey sansad laee aapni bollie noon dubara shuru curran dee pushti naheen keeti. 1910 dey dahake dey maddh witch florida, jiss noon pahilan hii presses witch "riko propeterio" vajon janhiaa jaanda haii, pahilan hii jamista dhanchiaan witch puurii tarahan rujhiaa hoiaa see. 1915 witch uhanan dey agle saal dee courts chonhan witch medrid latini zilhe toon chonh luddon dee afwah see; ih khabar aakharkar jhuthi saabat hoee, halanki 1916 witch uh ikk chonh gathjod banaun witch rujhe hoye sunn jiss witch parampravadi ravaiti-virodhi, udarvadi vee shamal sunn. sann 1917 witch uhanan neey jamist, ekikritvadi, maurist atey aazaad umidwar dee ikk chonh union noon seel curran laee kamm keeta, jiss noon aaunn vaali chonh muhim witch maidaan witch utariaa javega. uh medrid mioonspal jamist sangathan dey pahile sakattar bann gaye, sann 1918 witch iss dey jaif atey jaldi hii subai medrid dhanche dey jaif takk vadhade gaye, halanki aam taur utte ikk pichli qataar dee party dee shakhsiat bnee rahee. halanki uh daan jaim pratee puurii tarahan vafadar japda see, parr carlism dey ander navein andruni sanghrash witch florida neey aapne mukkh sidhantkar, juan vazquez dee mella daa pakkh liaa. ih naa siraf melista dey sajje pakkhi gathjodan pratee vishesh rujhan duaara pradarshit keeta giaa see, balki mahaan yuddh witch nirpakh rukh dee vakalat karke vee, ikk ranniti jiss daa udesh samarthak bhavnavan daa mukabala karna atey kendri shaktiaan daa prabhavshali dhang naal samarthan karna see. florida sanghrash dey mukkh mukkh paatar vicchon naheen see atey pichokad witch riha; halanki, jadon 1919 witch vazquez dee mella tutt giaa atey aapni party sathapat keeti, taan doles dee espejo neey uss witch shamal honn daa faisla keeta. vidrohi melista atey sulha carlista (1919-1936). sann 1920 witch florida ikk 3-member melista castila laa nueva karajkari witch shamal hoow giaa; sann 1921 witch, uss neey medrid witch jefe subai atey party youth dee medrid shakha, juventud catolica traditionalista dey aanreri pardhan daa ahuda sambhaliaa. madrid witch navein cinema sathapat karna, dharmik udeshan laee paise ikkathe karna, morakko witch fauj dey apreshnan laee daan atey daan daa ayojan karna, catholic samarohan witch hissa laina, khedan daa samarthan karna-halanki, uh kaee tarahan deeaan pahilkadmiaan witch rujhe hoye sunn-halanki, unhan noon party dey dhanche dey nirman witch rujhe hoye vajon naheen janhiaa giaa see. sann 1922 witch uhanan neey zaragoza witch hoow rahee ikk general melista assembly witch hissa liaa atey naveen party dey nirman noon antim roop denna see. assembly neey navein baney partido traditionalista dee kamite directivo dee shuruat keeti; florida iss dey 3 memberan vicchon ikk see. uss noon medrid jefe subai vajon vee pushti keeti gaee see, jiss noon asthai taur 'teey "provincius dell centro, surr vaaee oste dee spain" dee command ditti gaee see. melista project neey shayed hii zameen noon shuru keeta jadon 1923 witch migual primo dee rivera dey takhtapalt neey desh deeaan saariaan rajneetik partiaan utte pabandi lagaa ditti see. florida neey nijjata toon pichhe hutt liaa, jantak taur 'teey kuleen samaaj dey daan atey glamour laee janhiaa jaanda haii. medrid daa vasneek, uh truel witch aapni laa florida property atey valencia witch astet witch kharach qarr riha see. kaaran toon mohit hoow keey uh ikk sitz circut daa parbandhan karda see, asal automovil club witch uttmata prapat karda see atey ikk sailani samikhiaa daa sahi-parbandh karda see; ikk naveen khareed dey maalak, uss noon bahut ziaada driving laee jurmana keeta giaa see jadon takk uss dee qaar chori naheen hoow gaee see. zameen dhaarak jaidadan noon chhadd keey, uh kaee uddman toon door rahinda see; nirman company toon ilava uh socidad spaniola dee telcos atey company dee seguros omnia daa pardhan see. detablanda" dauran doles neey rajneetak yatnan noon navaan roop ditta. maee 1930 witch alfonso XIII neey uss daa suagat keeta. ubbhar rahey gantantar dey lahir dey virudh uh rajtantarvadi zameen utte khadah see, purani shaili dee desh bhagti noon utshahit karda see. aprail 1931 witch shamal honn toon baad, uh madrid ayuntamiento deeaan chonhan witch iss dee ticket utte ladey. ganraj dey ailaan utte florida neey aapni rajdhani noon videsh witch tabdil curran dee koshish keeti. custom service duaara griftar keeta giaa see atey sambhav haii kii uss noon taskari keeti gaee kujh sampatiaan zabat karniaan pae sakdiaan sunn. ann-nirdharat samein 'teey uh dakhal hoow keey carlist vafadari vall waps aaa giaa, joe kii 1932 witch sabka jamista, integrista atey melista witch dubara shamal hoow giaa. sann 1933 witch uhanan noon castilla laa nueva daa jaif khetri niyukat keeta giaa see. sidhantak taur utte vakkari ahude utte cobs honn dey bavjood, florida vishesh taur utte sargaram naheen japda see; uh party deeaan meetingan witch bolann laee ghatt hii daraj keeta jaanda see. atey itihaskar gantantar dauran carlist gatividhiaan baare charcha karde samein lagbhag uss dey naam daa zikar naheen karde. ih spasht naheen haii kii horr rajtantarvadi atey sajje pakkhi samoohan naal gathjod dey vivadgrast swal, jaan konde dee rodezno atey manuel faal vichkaar andruni leadership dee dumani baare uss dee sathiti qee see. sann 1935 witch baad vaale neey sangh laee fandan dey parbandh laee saunpi gaee ikk sanstha, junta dee hassinda laee aapni namzadgi shuru keeti. rajneetak sikhar vall (1936-1937). ih spasht naheen haii kii qee florida julai 1936 dey takhtapalt deeaan carlist deeaan tiaari witch rujhiaa hoiaa see. kujh sarotan daa daava haii kii satambar 1936 dey maddh witch uss noon leone dey khetar laee carlist kamisario dee gurra namzad keeta giaa see; satambar witch, uh siudad rodrigo witch ubbhariaa, joe kii parbandhan witch rujhiaa hoiaa see; aktubar witch, uss dey leone dey yatnan neey uss noon navein carlist regent, daan javier toon dhanvad daa pattar prapat keeta. halanki uh salamanka witch rahinde hoye rashtari carlist yuddh samein dey karajkari, junta national carlista dee gurra dey member vajon suchibadh naheen haii, usne communion netavan deeaan meetingan witch hissa laina shuru qarr ditta. uhanan kaarnan karke joe puurii tarahan spasht naheen hunn, uhanan dee sathiti witch vaadha hoiaa; shayed ikk mezban florida neey dasambar 1936 dee ikk carlist emergency meating dee pardhangi keeti, jiss witch franco dee mung naal najithan laee saddiaa giaa see kii faal konde spain chhadd deve. ih spasht naheen haii kii uss neey qee sathiti laee see; iss dinn dee charcha qarr rahey kujh itihaskar uss noon "rodezno daa sehyogi" kahinde hunn, joe sujhaa dinda haii kii florida neey prastav ditta kii antim chetavani noon savikar keeta jaave. 1937 dey arambh toon carlistan noon ikk raaj party witch zabardasti raleven dee sambhavna daa sahmana karna pae riha see; daavedaar atey falcondistas neey asthirta dee chonh keeti, rodezno atey navaris neey gallbat dee chonh keeti. florida insua witch farvari dee ikk meating witch maujood see atey rhodeznista daa pakkh liaa, march witch vee sathiti banayi rakkhi gaee see. aprail dey shuru witch usne ikk vidrohi navaris janta central dee ikk meating witch hissa liaa; iss neey ikk franco-addressed prastav noon apnaiaa jiss witch ikk directory daa sujhaa ditta giaa see, jiss witch carlistan, falangist atey codillo dey niyukat keete gaye sunn. aprail dey maddh witch uh bergos noon saddi gaee 4 carlistan vicchon ikk see; generalcimo neey unhan noon aaunn vaale rajneetik ekikaran baare soochit keeta. ih spasht naheen haii kii uss noon franco duaara kiun chukkiaa giaa see; kujh sujhaa dinde hunn kii florida uss deeaan bharti deeaan gatividhiaan dey caarn sabh toon vaddh "pramukh" carlistan vicchon ikk see. uss samein franco atey uss dey sehyogi pahilan hii raaj party dee karajkari dee nijji banatar baare vichaar qarr rahey sunn. florida shuru witch chinhit carlistan witch shamal naheen see; franco duaara shortlist keete gaye umidwar naal pesh keete gaye, rodezno neey sujhaa ditta kii marcelino yulibari noon chhadd ditta giaa haii atey carlistan laee ikk horr seet rakhvin haii, florida atey jose maria mazone dey naam dey naal aaa rahee haii. prastav noon savikar qarr liaa giaa atey 22 aprail noon doles neey aapne aap noon fallange spanish ravaiti dey 10-memberry "sakatret ou junta politica" laee namzad 4 carlistan witch paaiaa. iss dey saare memberan vicchon uh shayed sabh toon ghatt jaane jaande sunn; niyukat keete gaye lokan baare presses duaara prakashit chhote notan vicchon, unhan daa sabh toon chhota nott see. bahut saariaan carlistan noon bahut nirash keeta, jinhan witch kujh janta niyukat keete gaye sunn; regent gusse witch see. juun witch carlist gentros neey uss noon janta witch aapni maujudgi noon adhikarat curran laee kiha, parr koee faida naheen hoiaa; baad witch saariaan noon vafadari dee ulanghna laee communion toon kaddh ditta giaa. karajkari jaan chittar sir (1937-1939). kujh carlistan neey franco noon shikait keeti kii 50 memberry rashtari sanstha laee aktubar 1937 witch namzadgian hoiaan sunn. florida neey aapne aap noon carlist dey 12 namzad viaktiaan vicchon ikk paaiaa atey pahilan hii francovadi spain dey sabh toon ucche sathaan vaale nagrikan witch mazbooti naal shamal see, doou sansthavan witch baitha see joe raaj witch aagiaa prapat iklaute rajneetik sangathan daa nirdeshan qarr rahey sunn. halanki, bahut saare itihaskar iss gall naal sehmat hunn kii doven karajkari dhanche sajawati sunn atey uss padaa 'teey puurii party ikk navv-sathapit dhancha see, jiss noon ih yakini banaun laee sadda ditta giaa see kii satta franco dey cole rahey atey firr vee iss dee baad dee gatishilta noon prapat karna baaki haii. iss toon ilava, carlistan noon ih jaanh keey gussa aaiaa kii uh ikk ajihi sanstha mann rahey sunn jiss noon uh niyantrit qarr sakde sunn jaan ghatto ghatt prabhav paa sakde sunn, uh tezi naal fallange dey ikk navein sanskaran witch badal riha see, jiss witch syndicalist neeli-shirtan yojnabadh taur 'teey uppar hoow rahiaan sunn. ekikaran toon baad carlist raink-aind-file neey junta witch aapne netavan utte bambari curney shuru qarr ditti atey sahaita dee mung kardiaan bhatkan deeaan shikaitan naal samjhauta keeta. jiven kii ihanan notan atey phone kaalan dey prapatkarta noon florida noon vaada curran vaale samarthan vajon daraj keeta giaa haii; ih spasht naheen haii kii usne asal witch dakhal ditta see, halanki ih spasht haii kii kujh vee naheen badliaa. jantak florida witch ziaadaatar gharelu yuddh dauran ikk vafadar francovadi rukh kaaim rakkhiaa giaa. akhbaran witch uhanan dey havale naal uhanan neey ekikaran dey huck witch daleel ditti see; uhanan dey anusar carlism atey follange doven loktantri virodhi, udarvadi virodhi, sansad virodhi atey catholic sunn, uhanan neey ih vee daava keeta kii doven bhavikh witch lagu keete jaanh vaale rajtantarvadi hallan daa samarthan karde hunn. spasht taur utte usne ravaiti format noon vee vikast curran dee koshish keeti jinna uh qarr sakda see, kujh horr faet karajkari carlist kings carlos VII atey alfonso carlos dey sanman witch updeshan witch shamal hoye jaan marteries dee laa tradison noon samarpit ikk salana carlist dawat witch hissa liaa, joe shuru witch raaj party duaara manaiaa giaa see. dooje paase, uh salamanka witch naazi headquarter witch daawataan varge navein-shaili dey programan witch shamal honn toon parhez naheen karde sunn. sann 1938 witch uhanan neey salamanka witch faet jefe subai vajon kamm keeta, joe aam taur utte harr soobe witch 3 sabh toon mahattavpuran nagrik ahudiaan vicchon ikk haii; ih spasht naheen haii kii uhanan dey karajkal deeaan sahee tarikan qee sunn. francovadi rajneetak paddhar dey sikhar 'teey florida daa carrier 1939 deeaan garmiaan dey akheer witch khatam hoow giaa. agast witch dair naal uss noon ajey vee jantak samagman witch concegero national vajon hissa lainn dee report keeti gaee see, parr ih satambar witch badal giaa; uh aapne aap noon II concejo national witch niyukat keete gaye lokan witch naheen paaiaa atey 1940 toon shuru kardiaan uss noon presses witch siraf "konde dee laa florida" vajon report keeta giaa see. salaah-mashwara keete gaye kise vee sarot neey party karajkarni toon unhan dey jaanh baare koee jankari naheen ditti, atey vishesh taur 'teey qee ih kirpa toon dhiggna see jaan waps lainn daa ikk chetann faisla see. ih naveen party dey syndicalist format naal nirasha toon baad astifa hoow sakda see; ih ikk andruni sanghrash dey natije vajon hashiye 'teey jaanha pae sakda see, jiven kii ih joakin baaoo naal hoiaa see, ikk horr carlist joe kii ramon cerrano suner duaara darkinar keeti gaee see, khaskar kii florida jantak taur' teey rajtantar dee lazmi bahali daa ailaan karda riha. rajneetak retirement atey lambi umar (1939 toon baad). hunn choti dey rajneetak udaann witch naheen, 1940 dey dahake dey arambh witch florida ajey vee jantak jeevan witch maujood see, jiven kiji. parampravadi suaad vaale tiuharan witch hissa laina jiss witch kujh bhaari bhaar vaale shamal hunde hunn. 1942 witch uhanan noon rashtari sansad dee tiji sanstha witch niyukat naheen keeta giaa see atey uhanan daa rajneetak jeevan nishchit taur utte khatam hunda japda see. hoow sakda haii kii ih bilkul ajiha naa howay, jiven kii 1944 witch uss noon sarkari adhikariaan witch report keeta giaa see, arthaat sabb-secretario dee industria vajon janhiaa jaanda see. halanki, ih yakini taur utte uss dey francovadi episodan vicchon aakhri see; baad witch uss daa zikar naa taan party naal jaan naa hii sarkaar naal keeta giaa see. uss neey carlism toon ikk zaitun shakha noon savikar naheen keeta; 1942 witch faal neey ailaan keeta kii folangism duaara dagdar saare lokan noon dubara dakhal keeta jaa sakda haii kiunki uh aapni raaj party dey sabandhan noon chhadd dinde hunn; peshkash noon spasht taur 'teey yojna toon bahr rakkhiaa giaa see, parr florida unhan vicchon naheen see. 1940 dey dahake dey akheer witch, jadon medrid mioonspal chonhan witch uss neey safalta prapat keeti, taan uss neey aapne purane saathi melista, ricardo oreja laee jantak taur 'teey samarthan daa pardarshan curran daa saahas keeta. halanki pahilan hii retirement dee umar witch, florida kaee uddman witch sargaram riha, ziaadaatar khanij sarotan atey nirbhar karobaran naal sabandhat, jiven kii nirman jaan pharmaceutical; unhan vicchon kujh, jiven kii ramhe, neey vakkari sathanan witch bhaari theke ditte, jiven kii medrid grain viaa. 1950 dey dahake witch uh niyamit taur utte society kalman witch dikhai dinde sunn, aapne parivaar naal sabandhat atey asambandhit kuleen tiuharan witch shamal hunde sunn. uss deeaan rajneetak rujheviaan lagbhag anhoniaan sunn, sivaae iss dey kii uh marters day laa tradison updeshan witch hissa lainde rahey. ih 1950 dey dahake dey addh witch achanak badal giaa. sann 1956 witch florida noon ikk bahut hii vakkari francovadi sanman, grain cruze dell marito sival naal sanmanit keeta giaa see. sann 1957 witch uh 70 carlist vicchon ikk see, jinhan neey alfonswadi daavedaar daan juan naal aapne lambe samein dey sabandhan noon khatam keeta. iss gall toon santusht kii parampravadi sidhantan dee rasmi savikarta neey uss noon carlist dey nazariye toon vee uttradhikari laee yog bnaa ditta, unhan neey uss noon singhasan daa jaaiz vaaras ghoshit keeta. florida, akhauti "astorilos" vicchon ikk, daavedaar dey concejo privado witch dakhal hoiaa, ih ahuda uss dey jeevan dey ant takk barkarar riha. ikk octogenarian florida dey roop witch vee smajik samagman witch hissa lainda riha, kaee vaar asambhav bhumikavan nibhaunda riha; 1962 witch usne ikk mahila sundarta mukabale witch ikk jioori daa hissa banaiaa. uh dharmik gatividhiaan witch rujhe rahey, khaas karke hermond dee cableros dee sainn juan bottista vaaee newstra senora dee laas marsides dey ahudiaan witch; kadey-kadey uh charity pahilkadmiaan dee pardhangi karde sunn. savdhani naal uh parampravadi virasat noon savikar karde rahey; 1960 dey dahake dey akheer witch vazquez dee mella dee yaad witch samarpit sabheyacharak samagman toon ilava uh rasmi taur utte carlist sival vaar ladakiaan dee ikk sanstha, harmandad dee christo reey dee rucketace aiks combatients witch shamal hoye, halanki abhiaas witch ikk navein ubbhar rahey pragativadi dhade dey virudh andruni carlist sanghrash witch ikk parampragat ballbark see; kujh vee sanket naheen dinda kii uh pichokad toon jaanhu see atey 1960 atey 1970 dey dahake witch carlism dey andruni tukde baare viaapak taur utte charcha curran vaale itihaskar uss dey naam daa zikar naheen karde. 1960 dey dahake dey akheer witch vee uh juanista link noon viksit karde rahey; 1970 dey dahake witch uh siraf aapne pote-potiaan dey viaahan witch shamal honn laee jaane jaande sunn.

tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tomas dolz dey espejo endroo munoz seraano vai dufork-salinis, laa florida ityasya 5 tamah ganah (1879-1974) spen-deshasya raajaneetidnyah, vyaapaari cha aasit. praayah 30 varshaani yaavat saha paramparaavaadasya, carlism cha madhye pracharam akarot. kalantare saha praadeshikapakshasy netrutvasya karyam nirvahati sma, yadyapi raashtravyaapeeh aasit tathaapi saha pashchapaate eva aasit. saha prathamasya jantaa-politica tathaa cancejo-nyaashanal ityasya sadasyatvena prasidhah asti, nutanasya francoist-rajyapakshasya, faalaange-espanola-tradicionalista ityasya karyakari-samsthah. parivaarah yuwah cha. dolz-vamshaha dakshina-aragon-ityanena saha sambaddha asti; tasya prathamapratinidhayah 12 shataabdyaah ante ullekhitaah aasan, yadaa saphalah punahpraaptah teruvel iti abhishamsitavaan. ayam parivaarah praarambhe albaracin ityanena saha sambadhah aasit, kalantare sameepastheshu praanteshu cha prasrutah. spejo-vamshasya utpattih valentia-rajyasya uttarabhagat abhavat, yatra te nivasanti sma. 17 shataabdyaah aarambhe dwayoh parivaarayoh vivaahah abhavat, yena dolz dey espejo ityasya shakha abhavat. asya bahavah sadasyaah spen-deshasya itihaase swanaman akurvan; tomas-ityasya prapitaamah, pedro-fedariko-dolz-day-espejo, 1789 tame varshe konde-day-laa-florida iti upaadhim praptavan. tasya putrah, dwiteeyah ganah, tomas ityasya pitaamah cha, pedro paablo dolz day espejo, napolean-yugasya samaye swasya vishishtatam praapnot. 1833 tame varshe prathama-carlist-yuddhasya aarambhe saha nyayavadinam pakshm agruhnaat; paraajayam praapya saha nirvaasanam krutvaa 1842 tame varshe bordo-nagare mrutah. tasya putrah tomas ityasya pitaa cha, pedro myaanuyel dolz day espejo (1820-1879), truteeyagananaroopen spen-desham pratyagatavan, tena teruyel-deshe paarivaarik-bhusvamyam punah gruheetam. saha aarthik-vishayanam krute niyuktasya truteeya-carlist-yuddhasya samaye carlist-shadayantram api sammilayt; carlist-dwara jaareekrutasy baink-notes-madhye tasya hastaaksharah aasit. saha api nirvaasanam krutvaa beyon-nagare sthayata. saha anyasya kuleen-aragon-parivaarasya balikam parineetavaan, maria endroo vai dufork-salinis (1843-1920) iti. 1876 taha 1879 paryantam dampatyoho 3 putraah aasan; tomas ityayam francey putradwaye kanishtah iti ajayata. vidhavaa ardha-anatha cha spen-desham kadaa pratyaagataah iti naa spashtam asti; saa 1888 tame varshe terruvel-nagarasya parivaarapraasaade prathamavaaram jnaataa aasit. paraamarshitasroteshu kimapi tomas-ityasya prarambhikavarshanam vishaye suchana naa dattam, parantu saha "eskuyelaa dey laa lialtad vai bali" ityasmin paalitah iti. saha kutra shikshaam praptavan iti naa spashtam; yatah saha pashchat "abhiyantru" iti nirdishyat, saha sambhawatah madrid-nagare tantrajnaanasya adhyayanam krutavaan. 1900 tame dashake anirdishtakaale saha nirmanakaryam akarot; 1911 tame varshe saha madrid-sthitasya laa-constructora-kampenee ityasya vyavasthaapakaroopen prasidhah abhavat. 1912 tame varshe saha "propeterio" iti namna prasidhah aasit; saha 1913 tame varshe chaturthasya ganasya, swasya jyeshtasya, apatyasya cha akalamarananantaram, paarivaarikavyavasaayam swyakarot; saha upadhi api uttaradhikarat praptavan. 1912 tame varshe tomas dolz ityayam maria dey laa astrella gonzalez dey laa rivaa vidiela (1882-1989) ityenam parineetavaan, yaa tenniente coronal dey artilleria ityasya 9 tamasya putree aasit. dampatee konde-aranda-nagarasya madrid-nagare sthaatum, teshaam 3 apatyaani aasan, 1913 taha 1914 paryantam janma praapnot. teshu kimapi saarvajanikam naa jaatam, yadyapi ekamaatrah putrah carlos-dolz-day-espejo-vai-gonzalez-day-laa-rivaa (1913-2013), vaayusenaayaah senaapatih, 1976 tame varshe spen-deshasya prasiddhasy yoofo-ghatanasya vishaye alpakalam yaavat madhyamanam avadhaanam praapnot. ekaa anugatyaa putree maria, antonio-galbis-loriga, konde-day-morphy, general-day-artilleria, fraanko-deshasya ayudaante-aanarisio ityetaan parineetavatee. tomas-maria-dampatyoho aneka-pautrau carlos dolz dey espejo vai aerospidae iti vyavasaayihi, 7 tamah konde dey laa florida, tathaa alphonso galbis dolz dey espejo iti chitrakaarah iti prasidhaah santi. prarambhikarajanitikajiva (1919 paryantam). purvajayoho vamshadvayena nyayasammata-karyasya sevaa kurvan dolz ityeshah api tadanugunam pravartayitum sajjaha iva drushyate sma, visheshatah tasya maataa api paramparaavaadi-kutumbebhyah aasit iti. parantu tasya yuvakaale paramparaavaadah mukhyadharayaha carlist-madhye, vicchinna-ekeekaranavaadeshu cha vibhaktah aasit. tasya bhrata, kevalam 2 varshaani jyeshtah, vidrohinaam pakshm agruhnaat; 1893 tame varshe 16 varsheeyah aasit, saha saarvajanikaroopena nocedalistas-pakshm samarthayat. 1890 tame dashake pedro dolz dee espejo ekeekruta-samrachanaasu vardhata, 1900 tame varshe valencian-jantaa-prantasya adhyakshatvena vardhata, 1907 tame varshe valencian-jantaa-praadeshikasya kaaryakaarineeroopen pravesham cha akarot. parantu, paraamarshitaah mulani naa tu stheeranti (athavaa niraakarishyanti) yat tomas swabhraataram anugacchati iti; 1910 tamasya dashakasy aarambhaparyantam saha rajanityam samlagnah iti naa abhilikhitah. dolz-varyaha prathamavaaram 1911 tame varshe raajanaitik-parisare abhilikhitah, saha ekeekruta-jamist-alpasankhyak-samudayayoh paramparaavaadi-pratinidhim samarthayat, ye cha curtess-madhye avarodhayitum vyartham prayatanta. 1912 tame varshe saha saiddhaamtikadrushtyaa araajanaitikam parantu vastutah atyantam roodichustam kuleenasanghatane praveshitah. swabhraatasya mrutyoho anantaram saha teruvel-raajye kinchitkalam pratishtitah vyaktihi abhavat, tathaa cha nirvaachak-spardhayam bhaagam graheetum nishchitavaanh 1914 tame varshe saha terruvel-prantasya moraa dee rubilos-janapadat courtes-nagaram prati dhaavan, prathamavaaram cha saha swayam jamista iti ghoshayat, yah daan jaim ityasya davam samarthayatah carlist-shaakhaayaah sadasyah aasit. prayaasah akaalikah abhavat, saha dayaniyataya parajitah, vijayee-abhyarthinah apekshayaa 10 gunitam nyoonam mataan praptavan. paraajayam praapya florida-raajyam kadaapi naa samsadanaam krute swasya prayatnasya naveekaranam akarot iti nishchitam asti. 1910 tamasya dashakasy madhyabhaage, florida-pradesha, yah poorvamev press-madhye "riko propeterio" iti namna prasidhah aasit, jamista-samrachanaasu poorvamev purnataya samlagnah aasit. 1915 tame varshe saha madrid-latina-janapadat agrime varshe courts-nirvaachane spardhati iti kinvadantee aasit; antatah varta mithyaa siddhaa, yadyapi 1916 tame varshe saha nirvaachak-sanghatanam sthaapayitum vyagrah aasit yasmin paaramparika-parama-shatruhu, udaaravaadinah api antarbhavanti sma. 1917 tame varshe saha jamist-mataan, ekeekaranavaadinah, maurist-mataan, swatantra-mataan, cha, aagaami nirvaachak-prachaar-kshetre niyojayitum, nirvaachak-sanghasya mudraam sthaapayitum karyam krutavaan. saha madrid-nagarapalika-jamist-sanghatanasy prathamasachivah abhavat, 1918 tame varshe tasya jeff-rupena, sheeghramev prantiya-madrid-samrachanaah api jeff-rupena vardhate sma, yadyapi samanyataya pakshasya prushta-pankti-vyaktihi eva aasit. yadyapi saha daan jaim prati purnataya nishtaavaan iva drushyate sma, tathaapi carlisam-ityasya antah nutanasya aantarik-dwandwe florida-pradesha tasya pramukha-siddhaantakaaren juvaan vasquez day mella ityanena saha pakshapaati abhavat. naa kevalam melista ityasya dakshinapaksheey-mitranam prati vishishta-pravruttihi, apitu mahaa-yuddhe tatasthavaadee-sthitim samarthayitvaa api etat pradarshitam, yat neetih swapaksha-samarthak-bhavan pratihatum, kendreeyashaktim prabhaawen samarthayitum cha uddishtam aasit. florida-raajyam sangharshasya mukhyanayakeshu naa aasit, prushtabhoomau eva aasit; tathaapi, yadaa 1919 tame varshe vasquez day melaa vicchinnah swakeeyadalasya sthapanam krutavaan, tadaa dolz day espejo-varyaha tena saha sammilayitum nishchitavaan. vidrohee melista tathaa sulabhe carlista (1919-1936). 1920 tame varshe florida-deshe 3 sadasyanam melista castilla laa nuevaa-kaaryakaarini-samsthaayaam sammilitah; 1921 tame varshe saha madrid-nagare jephe-praanteeyapadaveem, tathaa cha dalasya yuvaanaam madrid-shaakhaayaah maanad-adhyaksham, juventud-catolica-tradicionalista iti padam agruhnaat. madrid-nagare nutananam chalacchitragruhaanaam sthapana, dhaarmik-prayojanartham dhanam sangruhanam, morokko-deshe senaa-kaaryeshu daanam sangruheetum cha, catholic-samaaroheshu bhaagam graheetum, kreedaam samarthayitum cha, vividheshu upakrameshu samlagnah iti saha abhilikhitah, parantu saha paksha-samrachanaanaam nirmaane vyastah iti naa abhilikhitah. 1922 tame varshe saha jaragoza-nagare aayojite samanya-melista-sabhayam upasthitah, nootan-dalasya nirmaanam antimam kartum cha apekshitah. vidhanasabhaya navagathitasya partido tradicionalista ityasya kamite-directivo ityasya aarambhah krutah; florida iti tasya 3 sadasyeshu anyatamah aasit. saha madrid jephe prantiyaha iti api drudheekrutah, asthaayeeroopen "provincias dell centro, sur vai oste dey spenaa" ityasya adeshah dattah. 1923 tame varshe miguyel praimo day riveraa ityasya vidrohasya samaye yadaa melista-pariyojanaa praayah eva pravartitaa, tadaa deshasya sarvaani raajanaitikadalaani pratibandhitaah abhavan. florida-raajyam, saarvajanikaroopena, paropakarartham, kuleenasamaajasy aakarshane cha prasidham, gopyataa-vishaye vyagrata. madrid-nagarasya nivaasinah, saha teruvel-nagarasya laa-florida-nagarasya sampattau, valencia-nagarasya estates-madhye cha charam vyatitavaan. kaar-yaanaih mohitah saha sitz-circuit-ityasya prabandham krutavaan, vaastavika-automovil-club-madhye utkrushtataam praapnot, paryatak-sameekshayaha saha-sanchaalanam cha krutavaan; nootan-pustakasya swami, swasya kaar-choreeh naa bhavati taavat atyadhika-vaahanachaalanaay saha danditah abhavat. bhooswaamitwasampattim vihaay, saha anekeshu udyameshu nivasati sma; nirmaana-samsthaam vihaay saha socidad-espanola-dii-talcos tathaa compania-dii-segros-omnia ityetayoho adhyakshah aasit. dictablanda" ityasya samaye dolz-varyaha rajanaitikaprayasan naveekrutavaan. 1930 mey-maase saha alphonso-XIII ityanena sweekrutah. vardhamaanasya ganarajyasya jwaarasya viruddham saha rajatantre sthitah, prachinashailya deshabhaktim pravartitavaan. 1931 april-maase, saha tasya tiket-dwara madrid-ayuntamiento ityasya nirvaachane dhavitavan. ganarajyasya ghoshanaayaah anantaram florida-raajyam tasya raajadhaanim videsham prati sthaanaantarayitum prayatat. simashulkasevaya gruheetah saha bandhitah aasit, sambhawatah taskarikrutanam keshaanchan sampattim cha japtam krutavaan. anirdishtasamaye saha carlist-nishtaam prati pratyagatavan, yat 1932 tame varshe poorva-jamistas, integristas, melistas ityeteshu punah sammilitam. 1933 tame varshe saha castilla-laa-nuevaa-nagarasya jephe-praadeshika-rupena niyuktah. saiddhaamtikadrushtyaa pratishtitam sthaanam praaptavantah api tu florida-raajyam visheshatayaa sakriyam naa drushyate sma; saha paksha-sabhaasu bhaashate iti viralatayaa abhilikhitah aasit. ganarajyasya kaale carlist-karyanam vishaye charchaam kurvan itihaasadnyaah praayah tasya naam naa ullikhanti. anyaih rajatantravadibhihi dakshinapakshaih cha samoohaih saha sambadhaanaam vivaadaaspadam prashnam, athavaa konde dee rodezno tathaa myaanuyel faal ityetayoho madhye aantarik-netrutva-pratidwandweetaam tasya sthitihi kim aasit iti naa spashtam. 1935 tame varshe, uttaratah, communin-krute nidhim sangruheekartum niyuktam samsthaa, junta day hassinda-krute swasya namankanam praavartayat. raajanaitik-paraakaashtaam prati (1936-1937). 1936 julai-masasya vidrohasya carlist-sajjayam florida-deshah samlagnah aasit vaa iti naa spashtam. kechan srotah vadanti yat 1936 tamasya varshasya september-masasya madhyabhaage saha leone-pradeshasya carlist-kamisariyo-day-gyura iti namankitaha abhavat; september-maase saha siudad-rodrigo-nagare abhyaavedanasya ayojanam vyastah abhavat; october-maase, tasya leone-prayatnaih saha nootan-carlist-regent-daan javier-ityatah dhanyavaadapatram praptavan iti. yadyapi saha salamanka-nagare nivasantee rashtriya-carlist-yuddhakaalakaaryakaarini, junta-nyaashanal-carlista-day-gyure ityasya sadasyatvena naa soochitah, tathaapi saha samudaayanetru-sabhaasu bhaagam graheetum aarabdhavaan. sampurnataya spashtam naa bhavati iti kaaranaih tasya sthitihi vardhamana abhavat; sambhawatah aatitheyaroopen florida-deshah 1936 december-masasya carlist-aapatkaaleen-sabhaayaah adhyakshatam praapnot, yaa faal-konde-ityasya spen-desham parityaajyasy fraamko-deshasya aagrahasy samadhanartham aahutam aasit. saha kim sthaanam sveekrutavaan iti spashtam naasti; tasmin dine charchaam kurwantah kechan itihaasadnyaah tam "rodezno ityasya mitrah" iti ullikhanti, yena florida-deshah antima-sanketam sweekarotu iti prastaavayat iti soochitam. 1937 tamavarshasya arambhat carlist-ityete raajyapakshe balaat ekikaranasya sambhaavanaam sammukheekaroti sma; daavedaarah tathaa phaalkondistaah cha hathamatam cha sveekrutya rodezno tathaa navarees cha vaartaalaapam cha aarabhant. florida-deshah insaa-deshe februvari-maase ekasmin sabhayam upasthitah aasit, rodeznistas-pakshena cha aasit, maarch-maase api sthitihi avalambitaa aasit. april-masasya aarambhe saha kinchitkalam vidrohee-navaarrees-jantaa-kendrasya sabhayam bhaagam praapnot; tatt carlist-, faalaangist-, kaadilo-ityasya niyukttaih cha saha ekam nirdeshikaam suchayan fraamko-sanketita-prastaavam sveekrutavaan. april-masasya madhyabhaage saha bergos-nagaram prati aahutanam 4 carlist-madhye anyatamah aasit; generalysimo ityeshah taan agami-raajanaitik-ekikaranasya vishaye soochitavaan. saha fraamko ityanena kimartham gruheetah iti spashtam naasti; kechan soochayanti yat tasya rikwete-bhartee-kaaryaih florida-nagaram "vishishte" carlist-madhye aasit iti. tasmin samaye fraamko, tasya sahaayakau cha rajyapakshasya karyakarinyaha vyaktigata-rachanam kevalam ghoshayitum poorvamev vichaarayan aasan. praarambhe chihnitanam carlisht-madhye florida naa aasit; fraanko ityanena sankshipta-abhyarthinaam saha prastutah, rodezno ityanena soochitam yat marcelino-ulibari iti padam apasaaritam, carlist-krute api ekam sthaanam arakshitam asti, florida-jose-maria-maajon ityetayoho naamaih saha. prastaawah sweekrutah, april 22 dinaanke dolz ityayam faalaang-espanola-tradicionalista ityasya 10-sadasyanam "secretariado o junta-politica" krute namankitasu 4 carlist-madhye swayam drushtavaan. tasya sarveshu sadasyeshu saha sambhawatah atyalpa-dnyaatah aasit; niyuktaanaam vishaye patrikaa-prakashitanam laghutameshu tippanim madhye tasya laghutamam aasit. aneke carlist-ityete atyantam niraashah abhavan, teshu kechan jantaa-niyuktaah api aasan; rajapratinidhihi kruddhah aasit. joon-maase carlist-genteros ityeshah tam jantaa-madhye swasya upasthitim adhikrutam kartum prushtavaan, parantu naa prayujyate; pashchat sarwaah nishtaavirodhasya karanat samudayat nishkaasitaah abhavan. karyakarihi athavaa aakrutihi (1937-1939). zuntaayaam faalaangist-deyakanam grahananam abhavena niraashah kechan carlists-janaah fraanko-samsthaayaam abhiyogam krutavantah; parinaamatah 1937 october-maase anyasmin paksha-samsthaayai, 50 sadasyanam cancejo-nyaashanal-samsthaayai namankanam krutam. florida-raajyam 12 carlist-namanirdeshitanam madhye swayam praapnot, tathaa cha francoist-spen-deshasya sarvoccha-sthana-praaptaasu naagarikeshu drudatayaa sthaapitam aasit, raajye anumateekrutasya ekamaatrasya raajanaitik-samsthaayaah nirdeshanartham dwayoh samsthaasu upavishyata. parantu, bahavah itihaasadnyaah sahamatavantah yat dwayoh kaaryakaarini samrachanaah api tu alankrutaah aasan, tathaa cha tasmin samaye sampoornah dalah navanirmitah samrachanaa aasit, yasya astitvam fraamko ityanena saha adhikaaram sthaatum nishchetum, tatah param tasya pare gatishilatam praaptum cha aahuyat iti. api cha, carlist-janaah, te niyantum vaa nyunatinyoonam prabhaavam vaa kartum vaa yogyatam samsthaam bhavitum arhanti sma iti dnyaatvaa kruddhaah abhavan, yena sanghatita-neel-shirt-ityetaani vyavasthitaroopena adhipatyam praaptavantah. ekikaranasya anantaram, pada-soochee-samoohah janapade swanetrubhih saha, pakshaantarasya vishaye, samarthanam yachanaya, aakshepaih saha, visphotanam kartum aarabhant. eteshaam tippanim, doorabhaash-dooravaanyaah cha graheetaaroopen florida-raajyam pratijnaabaddham samarthanam iti abhilekhitam asti; saha vastutah hastkshepam krutavaan vaa iti naa spashtam, yadyapi kimapi naa parivartitam iti spashtam asti. sampoorne kaale saarwajanik-floridaadeshe adhikaamsha-gruhayuddhakaale, nishtaavaan fraamko-mata-siddhantah avalambitah. vaartaapatrakeshu saha ekikaranasya pakshe vaadam akarot iti uddhrutah aasit; tasya matena carlism tathaa faalje ubhau cha lokataantrik-virodhee, udaravada-virodhee, samsadeeya-virodhee, catholic iti cha aasan, ubhau api bhavishye pravartayitum rajatantravadi-samadhanan samarthayanti iti saha pratipaadayat. saha yathaasambhavam paramparaavaadi-swaroopam pravartayitum api prayatavaan, anye kechan fait-karyapalakaha carlist-rajanam carlos-VII tathaa alphonso-carlos ityetayoho sammanartham upadesheshu bhaagam sveekrutya, athavaa martiers-dey-laa-tradician ityasya krute samarpitasya vaarshik-carlist-bhoje bhaagam gruheetavantah, yat praarambhe rajyapakshena avalambitam aasit. aparam, saha salamanka-nagarasya naji-mukhyalaye bhoja-karyakrameshu, nootanashailyaah karyakrameshu bhaagam graheetum naa vilambayat. 1938 tame varshe saha salamanka-pradeshe fait jephe-prantiyarupena karyam krutavaan, samanyataya pratyekasya prantasya 3 mahattvapoorneshu nagarika-sthaaneshu anyatamah aasit; tasya kaaryakaalasy yathaarth-tithayah kaa iti naa spashtam. fraamko-raajanaitik-starasya sheershe florida-deshasya vruttijeevanam 1939 tamasya varshasya grishmakaale samaaptam abhavat. august-masasya ante eva saha saarwajanik-karyakrameshu concegero-nyaashanal iti rupena bhaagam sweekaroti iti soochitah aasit, parantu september-maase etat parivartitam; saha dwiteeya-cancejo-nyaashanal-samsthaayaam niyukteshu naa drushtah, 1940 tamavarshaat aarabhy saha kevalam "konde dey laa florida" iti patrikaasu abhilikhitah. paraamarshitaah mulani naa tu pakshakaaryakartrubhyah tasya nishkramanasya vishaye kimapi antardrushtih pradaasyanti, visheshatah yat tatt anugrahaat patanam aasit vaa pratyaahaarasy chetanah nirnayah aasit vaa iti. nutanapakshasya syndicalist-swaroopasya nirashayaha anantaram saha tyaagapatram ayujyate sma; aantarik-dwandwasya parinaamen praantikatvam bhogitum shakyate sma, yathaa jokwin-bau ityanena saha abhavat, ramon-seraano-sunner ityanena apakramitaa anyah carlist, visheshatah florida-deshah saarvajanikaroopena rajatantrasya anivaarya-punarsthaapanam ghoshayati sma. raajanaitik-nivruttihi deerghaayuh cha (1939 tamaat varshaat anantaram). 1940 tamasya dashakasy aarambhe florida-raajyam adyaavadhi saarvajanikajeebane upasthitam aasit, yathaa-uttamakaale tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tu tuji. paramparaavaadasya swaadeshu bhojeshu bhaagam graheetum kechan bhaaravattaah upasthitaah bhavanti. 1942 tame varshe saha truteeya-rashtriya-parishadah iti niyuktah naa abhavat, tasya raajanaitik-vruttihi nishchayen samaaptah iti prateeyate sma. sambhawatah etat yathartham naa aasit, yatah 1944 tame varshe saha sarvakaareey-adhikarinam madhye, yathaa-saba-secretario day industriya iti namna prasidhah aasit, soochitah aasit. parantu, nishchitataya etat tasya francoist prakaranasya antimam prakaranam aasit; tadanantaram tasya pakshena sarvakaarena vaa saha naa sambadhyam aasit. saha carlisam ityasya aaliv-shakham naa sveekrutavaan; 1942 tame varshe faal-ityanena ghoshitam yat ye sarve faalaangisam ityanena daagitaah santi te sarve punah praveshtum shaknuvanti yatah te rajyapakshasya sambandhaan parityaajyante; prastaawah katipayaan netrubhihi yojanayam spashtatayaa bahishkrutaah, parantu florida-pradesha teshu naseet. 1940 tamasya dashakasy ante saha swasya puratanakalasya melista-sahakarminah ricardo orejaa ityasya samarthanam saarvajanikaroopena pradarshayitum udyatavaan, yadaa melista-varyaha madrid-nagar-nirvaachaneshu saphalah abhavat. yadyapi poorvamev nivruttau vayasi eva florida-deshah anekeshu udyameshu sakriyah aasit, praayah khanijasampadeshu, ashrita-vyavasaayaih cha sambadhaah, yathaa nirmaanam athavaa aushadha-padaarthaih saha, teshu kechan, yathaa ramhe, madrid graan-viyaa ityadini pratishtitasthaaneshu mahatee-anubandhan praaptavantah. 1950 tame dashake saha niyamitaroopen sosiyete-stambheshu, svaparivaarena saha sambadhaah, asambaddhaah cha kuleen-bhojeshu bhaagam sveekrutya, pradarshitah. tasya raajanaitik-karya-vyavahaarehe praayah avasthaanam aasit, parantu saha martyrs dey laa tradician-upadesheshu bhaagam sweekaroti sma. 1950 tamasya dashakasy madhyabhaage etat aakasmikaroopen parivartitam. 1956 tame varshe florida-raajyam graan cruze dell merito sivil iti bahumoolyam fraamko-mata-sammanam praapnot. 1957 tame varshe saha 70-bhinna-carlist-madhye aasit, ye alphonsist-davedarena daan juvaan ityanena saha dirghakalam yaavat susamparkam samaapyanta. paramparaavaadi-siddhantanam aupachaarika-sweekaarah, caralist-drushtikonaat api uttaradhikarasya yogyatam dattavaan iti santushtvaa, te tam simhaasanasya vaidha-uttaraadhikaari iti ghoshayan. astorilos" iti namna khyaateshu atyantam vishishteshu florida-pradesha, daavakartuh kansejo privaado ityatra pravishtavaan, yat padam tasya jeevanasya antaparyantam avalambitam aasit. ashta-vamshasya florida-pradesha api samajika-karyakrameshu bhaagam sveekrutya, kadaachit asambhava-paatraani sveekrutya, 1962 tame varshe mahilaa-saundarya-spardhayam nirnaayak-mandalen bhaagam krutavaan. saha dharmikakaryeshu, visheshatah hermonded dey caballeros dey saan juvaan batista vai newstra senora dey laas mercedes ityasmin shrenyashu, nirantaram samlagnah aasit; kadaachit saha paropakaraprakriyam netrutvam karoti sma. savadhanataya saha paramparavadi-paramparaam sweekaroti sma; 1960 tamasya dashakasy ante wazkez dey mella ityasya smaranartham samarpitanam saamskrutika-karyakraman vihaay, saha aupachaarikaroopena carlist-nagarika-yuddha-yoddhru-samsthaayaam hermandad dey christo rey dee requetes eksa-combatinents ityasmin samlagnah aasit, yadyapi vyavahaare aantarik-carlist-kalahasy paaramparika-prachira-prachira-prachira-prachira-prachira-prachira-prachira-prachira-soochee-prachira-soochee-soochee-prachira-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-yoddhaa-samsthaa, yadyapi vyavahaar-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-soochee-vivaad 1960 tamasya dashakasy ante api saha juvanista-samparkasya krushihi kurvan aasit; 1970 tame dashake saha kevalam pautranam vivaaheshu eva upasthitah iti prasidhah aasit.

espejovin dams doles tomas doles dii espejo mattrum munos serano oy dufork-salinis, laa ploaridaavin 5 vadhu count (1879-1974) oru spanish arasiyalvaathi mattrum thozhilathibar aavaar. sumar 30 aandugalaaka avar paarambariyavaatham mattrum kaarlisaththirkul prachaaram seithaar. avvappoathu avar piraanthiya katchi thalaimaip pathavikalil irunthaar, iruppinum avar naadu muzhuvathum pinn varisaiyil irunthaar. avar puthithaaga uruvaakkappatta fransoisa arasuk katchiyin nirvaaga amaipaana falenje espanola bhaarambariyaththin muthal aatchikkulu mattrum consejo thaesiyaththin uruppinaraaga nanku ariyappadugiraar. kudumbam mattrum ilainyargal. doles vamsavali therku aragonudan thodarpudaiyathu; adhan muthal pirathinithikal 12 aam noottraandin pirpaguthiyil kurippidappattanar, vetrtrikaramaana maruseeramaippu deruvael endru kooriyadhu. kudumbam aarambaththil albarasin udan inaikkappattathu, kaalappoakkil andai maavattangkalukku paraviyathu. espejo vamsavali valencia iraajjiyaththin vadakkup pakuthikalil irunthu uruvaanathu, angku vasippavar. 17 aam noottraandin murpaguthiyil iru kudumbangalum tirumanam seithu kondana, idhu dalls dii espejo kilayai uruvaakkiyathu. adhan uruppinarkal palar spainin varalaattril thangal peyarkalai uruvaakkinar; domazine kollup paeran, petro federico doles dii espejo, 1789 ill kaandae dii laa plorida endra pattatthai pettraar. avarathu magan, 2 vadhu count mattrum domazine tatta, petro bablo doles dii espejo, neppoliyan sagaapthaththil thannai vaerupaduththinaar. 1833ill muthal carlist poar thodangiyapoathu avar sattapoorvavaathigalin pakkam nindraar; thoalviyaith thodarnthu avar naadukadaththappattu 1842ill portioxyl iranthaar. avarathu magan mattrum domazine thanthai, petro maanuval doles dii espejo (1820-1879), 3 vadhu ennikkai speyinukku thirumbiyathu, deruvelil kudumba nilangkalai meendum mathippidukirathu. porulaathaarap pirachchanaikaludan oppadaikappatta moontraam pattiyalidappatta poarin poathu avar attavanai sathiththittatthilum saernthaar; adhu attavanaigalaal veliyidappatta panaththaalkalil avarathu kaiyoppam irunththathu. avarum naadukadaththappattu, paeyanil kudiyaerinaar. avar mattroru pirabuththuva aragan kudumbaththaich saerntha oru pennaith tirumanam seithu kondaar, maria mattrum yufork-salinis (1843-1920). 1876 mattrum 1879 kku idaiyil inththa thambathiyinarukku 3 kuzhandhaigal irunththanar; tomas irandu magangalil ilaiyavaraaka brancil piranthaar. vithavaiyum arai-uruvangkalum speyinukku eppoathu thirumbinar enbathu thelivaagath theriyavillai; 1888 aam aandil deruvelil ulla kudumba aranmanayil avar muthanmuthalil kurippidapattaar. avar "escuvela dii laa lelted vaii thiyaagam" ill valarkkappattathaith thavira, aaloasikkappatta aathaarangkal ethuvum domazine aaramba aandugalaip pattriya thagavalkalai vazhangkavillai. avar thanathu kalviyai engku pettraar enbathu thelivaagath theriyavillai; aenenil avar pinnar "poriyaalar" endru kurippidapattaar, avar tholilnutpaththaip paditthirukkalaam, oruvaelai maatrittil. 1900kazhil kurippidappadaadha neraththil avar kattumaanaththil eedupattaar; 1911ill avar oru maatrit-adippadaiyilaana niruvanamaana laa constructoravin maelaalaraaka ariyappattaar. 1912 aam aandil avar "propeaderio" endru kurippidapattaar; 1913 aam aandil thanathu mooththa cakoothararin agaala mattrum kuzhandhai illaatha maranatthaith thodarnthu, kudumba vanigaththai avar eduththuk kondaar, 4 vadhu ennikkai; avar pattaththaiyum pettraar. 1912 aam aandil tomas doles maria dii laa estrella consulus dii laa riv vidiella (1882-1989), denient caronal dii ardillaria 9 vadhu magal. inththa jody kaandae araandaavil maatrittil kudiyaerinar; avarkalukku 3 kuzhandhaigal irunththanar, 1913 mattrum 1914 kku idaiyil piranthanar. avarkalil yaarum podhu nabaraaga maravillai, iruppinum oray magan, carlos doles dii espejo vaii consulus dii laa riva (1913-2013), oru vimaanappadai general, 1976 aam aandin migavum pirabalamaana spanish yufo sambavam thodarbaaga surukkamaaga uudakangkalin kavanaththai eerthaar. oru ilaiya magal, maria, antonio calphis lorica, kaandae dii morbi, general dii ardillaria mattrum ayudant honorpheo duu franco aagiyoarai mananthaar. tomas mattrum mariavin aeraalamaana paerakkuzhandhaigalil, carlos doles dii espejo oy arospidae, thozhilathibar mattrum 7 vadhu kaandae dii laa plorida mattrum alfonso calphis dii espejo, oru ooviyar aagiyoar migavum pirabalamaanavargal. aarambagaala arasiyal vaazhkkai (1919 varai). irandu thalaimurai moothaathaiyarkal sattapoorvamaana kaaranaththirkaaga saevai seithathaal, kurippaaga avarathu thaayum oru paarambariya kudumbaththilirunthu vandhavar endru doles pinpattrath thayaaraaga irunthaar. iruppinum, avarathu ilamaik kaalaththil paarambariyam pirathaana carlistugal mattrum pirintha orunginaippaalargalaaka pirikkappattathu. avarathu cakootharar, 2 vayathu mooththavar, kilarchchiyaalargaludan pakkam kaattinaar; 1893 aam aandil 16 vayathaaka irunththapoathu avar podhuvil nocetalistaakkalukku aatharavai velippaduththinaar. 1890kazhil petro doles dii espejo orunginaintha kattamaippugalil valarnthathu, 1900ill valencian aatchikkuzhuvin maagaanaththin thalaivaraaga uyarnthathu mattrum 1907ill valencian aatchikkuzhuvin nirvaagaththirkul nuzhainthathu. iruppinum, aaloasikkappatta aathaarangkal ethuvum tomas thanathu mooththa cakoothararaip pinthodarnthaar enbathai urudhippaduthavillai (allathu marukkavillai); 1910 kalin murpaguthi varai, avar arasiyalil eedupattathaaga pathivu seiyappadavillai. doles 1911 aam aandil arasiyal soozhalil muthanmuthalil kurippidapattaar, orunginaippaalar mattrum jaimist sirupaanmaiyinar aagiya iruvaridamirunththum paarambariyavaatha pirathinithigalukku aatharavai velippaduththinaar, avarkal cardsil veenaaga thaduka muyantranar. 1912 aam aandil avar koatpaattalavil arasiyal saaraatha aanaal unmaiyil migavum pazhamaivaatha pirabuththuva amaippil anumathikkappattaar. avarathu mooththa cakoothararin maranatthaith thodarnthu avar deruval saamraajyaththil oralavu mathippumikka nabaraaga aanaar, enavae thaerthal poattiyil saera mudivu seithar 1914 aam aandil avar deruval maagaanaththil ulla oru maavattamaana moaraa dii rubilosilirunthu cartsukku oodinaar; dawn jaimin urimaikoaralai aatharikkum kaarr list kilayin uruppinaraana jaimista endru avar thannai ariviththathu idhuvae muthal muraiyaagum. inththa muyarchi munkoottiyae niroopikkappattathu, maelum avar oru vettri pettra vaetpaalarai vida 10 madangku kuraivaana vaakkugalaip pettru, moasamaana muraiyil thoalviyadainthaar. thoalviyaith thodarnthu plorida naadaalumandraththirkaana thanathu muyarchiyai puthuppiththathaaka orupoathum urudhippaduththappadavillai. aerkanavae paththirigaigalil "rigo propeaderio" endru kurippidapatta florida, 1910 kalin naduppaguthiyil, aerkanavae jaimista kattamaippugalil muzhumaiyaaga eedupattirunthathu. 1915 aam aandil avar aduththa aandu cardus therthalil madharith latheen maavattaththilirunthu poattiyiduvaar endru vadhanthi paraviyathu; 1916 aam aandil avar oru thaerthal koottaniyai amaippathil pisiyaaga irunththapoathilum, iruthiyil seithi poiyaanathu, idhil paarambariyavaatha parama ethirigalaana thaaraalavaathikal kooda adangkuvar. 1917 aam aandil avar varavirukkum thaerthal prachchaaraththil nirutthappada vaendiya jaimistugal, orunginaippaalargal, mouristugal mattrum suyaatheena vaetpaalargalin thaerthal ontriyaththai muththiraiyida paniyaattrinaar. avar 1918 aam aandil maatrit nagaraatchi jaimist amaippin muthal seyalaalaraaga uyarnthaar, adhan jeffy mattrum viraivil maagaana maatrit kattamaippugalin jeffy aaga valarnthaar, iruppinum podhuvaaga oru pinn-varisai katchi nabaraaga irunthaar. avar dawn jaimukku muttrilum visuvaasamaaga thoantrinaalum, kaarlisaththirkul puthiya ull moathalil plorida adhan mukiya koatpaattaalar yuwan waskwess dii mellaavudan pakkapalamaaka irunthaar. valathusari koottanigalukkaana mellistavin valakkamaana viruppatthaal mattumallaamal, maaperum poaril nadunilai nilaipaattai aatharippathan moolamum idhu niroopikkappattathu, idhu oru mooloabaayamaagum, idhu saarbu unarvugalai ethirppatharkum, matthiya sakthigalai thirampada aatharippatharkum nokkamaaga ullathu. plorida sandaiyin mukiya kathaanaayagargalil oruvaraaga irukkavillai, pinnaniyil irunthaar; iruppinum, 1919 aam aandil waskwess dii mella pirinthu thanathu sontha katchiyai amaiththapoathu, dalls dii espejo avarudan saera mudivu seithaar. kalakakkaara melista mattrum samarasam seiyappatta carlista (1919-1936). 1920 aam aandil plorida 3 uruppinargalaik konda mellichta castilla laa newa nirvaagiyil saernthaar; 1921 aam aandil, avar maatrittil jeff maagaana padhaviyai aetrtraar mattrum katchiyin ilainyargalin maatrit kilayin kavuravat thalaivar, jewented cadalica traditionalista. palvaeru munmuyarchigalil eedupattathaaga therivikkappattathu-maatrittil puthiya thiraiyarangukalai amaiththal, madha nokkangkalukkaaga panam sekarippathu, moracovil iraanuva nadavadikkaikalukku nankodaigalai vazhangkuthal mattrum aerpaadu seithal, catholica vizhaakkalil pankeerpathu, vilaiyaattukalai aatharippathu-iruppinum, avar katchi kattamaippugalaik kattuvathil pisiyaaga illai. 1922 aam aandil avar oru podhu mellisa koottaththil kalandhu kondaar, idhu jaragozavil nadaipettrathu mattrum puthiya katchiyin kattamaippai iruthi seiya vaendum. puthithaaga uruvaakkappatta partido tradisonalistavin kamitte directivovai sattamandram arimugappaduththiyathu; plorida adhan 3 uruppinargalil ontraakum. avar maatrit jeff maagaanamaagavum urudhippaduthappattaar, thartkaaligamaaga "provincios dell centro, charr oyeste dii espana" endra kattalai vazhangkappattathu. 1923ill maikuyel primo dii rivara aatchi kavizhppin poathu naattil ulla anaitthu arasiyal katchigalum thadaiseiyappattapoathu mellista thittam muttrilumaagath thodangavillai. plorida thaniyurimaikkuth thirumbiyathu, podhuvil thondu mattrum pirabuththuva samoogaththin kavarcchikku peyar pettrathu. maatrittil vasikkum avar, deruvelil ulla thanathu laa plorida soththilum, valenciavil ulla thoattangalilum sarangalai selavazhiththu vanthaar. kaarkalaal eerkkappatta avar oru sidges sarcute nirvagittaar, unmaiyana automovil kilappil siranthu vilangkinaar mattrum oru suttrulaa mathippaaivai inaithaar; oru puthiya kadaiyin urimaiyaalar, avarathu kaarr thirudappadum varai athigappadiyaana oottunar meethu abaraatham vithikkappattaar. nila udaimaigalaith thavira, avar pala niruvanangalil vaalnththaar; kattumaana niruvanatthaith thavira avar sociatat espanola dii talcos mattrum kambania dii secros oomniyaavin thalaivaraaga irunthaar. dictablanda" endra poathu doles arasiyal muyarchigalai pudhuppiththaar. 1930 mae maatham alfonso xiii avarai varavaettraar. valarnthu varum kudiyarasu alaikalai ethirththu avar pazhaiya paani desapakthiyai valarththukkondu, mudiyatchi nilaththil nindraar. 1931 aepralil avar athil saerntha piragu, adhan dickettle madharith ayundamiyendovin therthalil poattiyittaar. kudiyarasu pirakadanappaduthappatta piragu plorida thanathu thalaynagarai velinaadugalukku maattra muyantrathu. sungach sevaiyaal kaithu seiyappatta avar, kadatthappatta sila sothukkalai parimuthal seithirukkalaam. kurippidappadaadha neraththil avar nuzhaivathan moolam carlist visuvaasaththirkuth thirumbinaar, idhu 1932 aam aandil munnaal jaimistas, intechristas mattrum mellistas aakiyoarudan meendum inainthathu. 1933 aam aandil avar castilla laa newaavin adhan jeff piraanthiyamaaga niyamikkappattaar. koatpaattalavil mathippumikka padhaviyai vagiththa poathilum, plorida kurippaaga surusuruppaagath theriyavillai; avar katchi koottangalil paesuvathu arithaagavae pathivu seiyappattathu. kudiyarasin poathu carlist seyalpaadugalaip pattri vivaathikkumpoathu varalaattraasiriyarkal avarathu peyaraik kurippiduvathillai. pira mudiyatchi mattrum valathusari kuzhukkaludan koottanigal pattriya sarchaikkuriya kelviyiloa allathu kaandae dii roadsnoo mattrum maanuvel phaal idaiyaeyaana ull thalaimaip poatti kuritthoa avarathu nilaippaadu enna enbathu thelivaagath theriyavillai. 1935 aam aandil pinthaiyavar iraanuva aatchikkuzhuvirku thanathu niyamanatthai thoondinaar, idhu communionukkaana nidhiyai ozhungamaikkum oru amaippaagum. arasiyal uchakkattaththai noakki (1936-1937). juulai 1936 aatchi kavilppukkaana thayaarippukalil plorida eedupattirunthathaa enbathu thelivaagath theriyavillai. sila aathaarangkal 1936 aam aandin septumber naduppaguthiyil avar leone piraanthiyaththirkaana carlist comisario dii kurra parinthuraikkappattaar endru koorugindrana; septambaril, avar suited rodrigovil velippattaar, koorikkaiyai ozhungamaippathil pisiyaaga irunthaar; octoberil, avarathu leone muyarchigal puthiya carlist regent dawn jaeviyarilirunthu avarukku nandri kadithaththaip petrtrana. avar thaesiya carlist poarkkaala nirvaagiyin uruppinaraaga pattiyalidappadavillai entraalum, saalamangaavil vasikkum junda national carlista dii kurra, avar communion thalaivarkalin koottangalil pankerkath thodangkinaar. avarathu nilaippaadu muzhumaiyaagath thelivaaga illaatha kaaranangalukkaaga valarnthathu; oruvaelai oru puravalan plorida disambar 1936 inn carlist avasarak koottaththirkuth thalaimai thaangkinaar, idhu speyinai vittu veliyaera vaendum endra frankovin koorikkaiyai samaalikka azhaikkappattathu. avar enna nilaipaattai eduththaar enbathu thelivaagath theriyavillai; sila varalaattraasiriyarkal antha naalaip pattri vivaathikkaiyil avarai "rodisnovin koottaali" endru kurippidugiraargal, idhu florida iruthi echcharikkaiyai aetrtrukkolla vaendum endru munmozhinthathu endru koorukirathu. 1937 aam aandin thodakkaththil carlistugal oru maanilak katchiyil kattaayamaaga inaikkappaduvatharkaana vaaippai ethirkondanar; urimai koorubavarum falcondistacalum murattutthanaththaith thaerntheduththanar, rodisno mattrum nawaris paechchuvaarththaigalaith thaerntheduththanar. florida pipravari maatham insuvaavil nadantha koottaththil kalandhu kondu, roadsnistaakkalin pakkapalamaaka irunthaar, maelum anivaguppil nilaiththirunthaar. aepral thodakkaththil avar oralavu kilarchiyaana navares aatchikkuzhuvin koottaththil pankettraar; adhu oru franco-mugavariyil oru iyakkunarai parinthuraikkum munmozhivai aetrtrukkondathu, idhu carlistugal, faalangkistukal mattrum kaadillovin niyamanangalaal aanathu. aepral naduppaguthiyil avar bargozuku varavalaikkappatta 4 carlistgalil oruvaraaga irunthaar; generalysimo varavirukkum arasiyal orunginaippu kuritthu avarkalukkuth therivitthaar. avar aen francowall alaiththuch sellappattaar enbathu thelivaagath theriyavillai; avarathu thaevai aatchaerppu nadavadikkaikal kaaranamaaga plorida migavum "velippadaiyaana" carlistugalil ontraakum endru silar koorugindranar. antha neraththil piraangkoavum avarathu uthaviyaalargalum aerkanavae maanila katchiyin nirvaagaththin thanipatta amaippai arivikka vaendum endru pariseeliththu vanthanar. aarambaththil kurikapatta carlistgalil florida illai; francowall pattiyalidappatta vaetpaalargaludan vazhangkappattathu, rodesno marslino ulifarri kaividappattathaagavum, carlistugalukku maelum oru irukkai odhukkappattullathaagavum parinthuraiththaar, idhu florida mattrum jose maria mason peyarkaludan varukirathu. inththa munmozhivu aetrtrukkollappattathu mattrum aepral 22 andru dalls falench espanola bhaarambariyaththin 10 uruppinargalaik konda "secretariado ooo junda politica" kku parinthuraikkappatta 4 carlistugalil oruvaraagak kaanapattaar. adhan anaitthu uruppinargalilum avar oruvaelai migak kuraindha ariyappattavaraaga irunthaar; niyamikkappattavargalaip pattri paththirigaigalaal veliyidappatta kurugiya kurippugalil, avarathu kurugiya kurippu irunththathu. iraanuva aatchikkuzhuvil niyamikkapatta silar udpada pala carlistugal perithum aemaattramadainththanar; aatchiyaalar koopamadaindhaar. juun maathaththil, iraanuva aatchik kaalaththil thangal iruppai angkeekarikkumaaru iraanuvap pattiyal iraanuvath thalapathikal avaridam catainer, aanaal endha palanum aerpadavillai; pinnar anaivarum visuvaasaththai meeriyatharkaaga iraanuvaththilirunthu veliyaettrappattanar. nirvaaga allathu uruvam (1937-1939). iraanuva aatchikkuzhuvil falankist koduppadhu mattrum eduppathu illaathathaal virakthiyadaintha sila carlistugal frankovidam bugar seithanar; idhan vilaivaaga october 1937 ill mattroru katchi amaippukku, 50 uruppinargalaik konda thaesiya maanaattirku parinthuraikkappattathu. plorida 12 paer konda pattiyalil thannaik kandarindhaar, maelum aerkanavae piraansvaatha spainin miga uyarnththa nilaiyil ulla podhumakkalil uruthiyaaka irunthaar, maanilaththil anumathikkappatta oray arasiyal amaippai vazhinadaththum irandu amaippugalil amarnthirunthaar. iruppinum, pala varalaattraasiriyarkal, irandu nirvaaga kattamaippugalum alangaaramaanavai endrum, muzhu katchiyum antha kattaththil oru puthiya kattamaippaaga irunththathu endrum, athikaaram piraangkoavudan iruppathai uruthi seivatharkaagavum, adhan pirkaala iyakkaviyalaip peruvatharkum azhaikkappadukirathu endrum oppukkolkiraargal. maelum, carlistugal thaangkal kattuppaduthakkoodiya oru amaippaagavoa allathu kurainthapatcham selvaakku seluththakkoodiyathaagavoo irukka vaendum enbathaik kandu koopamadainthanar, idhu perugiya muraiyil falenzin puthiya pathippaaka maari varukirathu, cinticalist neela-sattaigal muraiyaaga mael kaiyaip perugindrana. orunginaippu pattiyalaith thodarnthu, iraanuva aatchikkuzhuvil thangal thalaivarkalai kunduveesi, aatharavaik kettu, thisaithiruppappaduvathaip pattriya pukaarkaludan koopappadath thodangkinar. inththa kurippugal mattrum tholaipaesi azhaippugalaip perupavar plorida uruthiyalikkum aatharavaaka pathivu seiyappattullaar; avar unmaiyil thalaiyittaar enbathu thelivaagath theriyavillai, iruppinum ethuvum maravillai enbathu thelivaagath therikirathu. podhu ploaridaavil perumpaalaana ullnaattup poar muzhuvathum visuvaasamaana francoist nilaippaattaip paraamariththathu. avar orumaippaattirku aatharavaaka vaathiduvathaaka seithiththaalgalil maerkoal kaattappattathu; avarathu koottruppadi carlism mattrum falench irandum jananaayaga viroathamaanavai, thaaraalavaatha viroathamaanavai, naadaalumandra viroathamaanavai mattrum catholickergal, maelum ethirkaalaththil seyalpaduththappada vaendiya mudiyatchith theervugalai iruvarum aathariththathaakavum avar koorinaar. carlist kings carlos VII mattrum alfonso carlos aagiyoarai qalla oring ravikkum sorpozhivugalil kalandhu kollum allathu martiers dii laasioonukku arppanikappatta varudaanthira carlist virunththil pankerkum sila febet nirvaagigaludan, avar mudinthavarai paarambariya vadivaththai valarkka muyantraar, aarambaththil maanila katchiyaal anusarikkappattathu. marupuram, salamaangaavil ulla naji thalaimaiyagaththil virunththugal poantra puthiya paani nigazhvugalil kalandhu kolvathilirunthu avar vilagi irukkavillai. 1938 aam aandil avar salamaangaavil febet jeff maagaanamaaga seyalpattaar, podhuvaaga ovvoru maagaanaththilum 3 miga mukkiyamaana sivil pathavikalil ontraakum; avarathu pathavikkaalaththin sariyaana thaethigal enna enbathu thelivaagath theriyavillai. francowata arasiyal adukkugalin uchchiyil ulla floridavin vaazhkkai 1939 koadaiyin pirpaguthiyil mudivukku vanthathu. august maatha iruthiyil avar podhu nigazhvugalil concejero national endru pankettrathaaka therivikkappattathu, aanaal idhu septambaril maariyathu; avar II concejo national-kku niyamikkappattavargalil oruvaraaga irukkavillai, 1940 aam aandu thodangi avar paththirigaigalil "kaandae dii laa florida" endru therivikkappattaar. aaloasanai pettra aathaarangkal ethuvum katchi nirvaagiyidamirunthu avar veliyaeriyathu kuritthu endha nunnarivaiyum vazhangkavillai, kurippaaga adhu karunaikku oru veelchchi allathu thirumbap peruvatharkaana nanavaana mudivu. puthiya katchiyin cinticalist vadivaththil aemaattraththaith thodarnthu adhu rajinama seithirukkalaam; idhu oru ull moathalin vilaivaaga oorangattappattirukkalam, aenenil idhu jovin paav udan nadanthathu, raaman serano sunaraal thisaithirupappatta mattroru carlist, kurippaaga plorida pagirangkamaaga mudiyaatchiyin thavirkka mudiyaatha meetteduppai ariviththathu. arasiyal oaivu mattrum neenda muthumai (1939 kkup piragu). 1940kalin murpaguthiyil plorida innum podhu vaazhkkaiyil irunththathu, athaavathu, arasiyal reethiyaaga uyarnththa idaththil illai.jii. bhaarambariyaththin suvaiyulla virunththugalil pankeerpathu, sila kanamaana aatkal kalandhu kondanar. 1942 aam aandil avar moontraam thaesiya maanaattirku niyamikkappadavillai, maelum avarathu arasiyal vaazhkkai nichchayamaaga mudinthuvittathaagath thoantriyathu. 1944 aam aandil avar arasaangka athikaarigalidaiyae kurippidapattapadi, idhu sariyaaga irunththirukkaathu, athaavathu thozhilthurai thunaith thurai endru kurippidappattathu. iruppinum, idhu nichchayamaaga avarathu francoist aththiyaayangkalil kadaisi; pinnar avar katchiyudanoa arasaangaththudanoa thodarpudaiyavar endru kuripidapadavillai. avar kaarlisaththilirunthu oru olive kilayai aerkavillai; 1942 aam aandil falangisatal karaipadindhavargal anaivarum thangal maanila katchi inaippugalai kaivittathaal meendum anumathikkappadalaam endru arivitthaar; sila thalaivarkal thittaththilirunthu velippadaiyaaga vilakappattanar, aanaal plorida avarkalil illai. 1940 kalin pirpaguthiyil avar thanathu pazhaiya saga melista ricardo oorejaavukku pagirangkamaaga aatharavai niroobikka munainthaar, pinnar avar maatrit nagaraatchi thaerthalkalil vettri pettraar. aerkanavae oaivu perum vayathil irunththapoathilum, plorida pala niruvanangalil theeviramaaga irunththathu, perumpaalum kanima valangkal mattrum saarbu vanigangkaludan thodarpudaiyathu, kattumanam allathu marunththugal poantravai; avattril sila, ramhe poantravai, maatrit kiraan viyaa poantra mathippumikka idangkalil adhiga oppanthangkalai petrtrana. 1950kazhil avar samoogak katturaigalil thavaraamal idampettraar, thanathu sontha kudumbaththudan thodarpillaatha pirabuththuva virunththugalil kalandhu kondaar. avarathu arasiyal eedupaadugal kittatthatta illaathavaiyaaka irunththana, thavira avar martiers dii laa traudician pirasangkangkalil kalandhu kondaar. 1950kalin naduppaguthiyil idhu thideerendru maariyathu. 1956 aam aandil ploaridaavukku kiraan cruze dell merrito sivil viruthu vazhangkappattathu, idhu migavum mathippumikka francoist gowravamaagum. 1957 aam aandil, alphonsist urimai koorubavaraana dawn juvaanudan neendakaalamaaga natpuravai mudiththa 70 ottraippadai carlistgalil ivarum oruvar. paarambariya kolgaigalai muraiyaana muraiyil aetrtrukkolvathu avarai vaarisugalukku poruththamaanavaraaga maattriyathu endru tirupthi adaintha avarkal, avarai ariyanaikku muraiyaana vaarisaaga ariviththanar. estorilos" endru azhaikkappadupavargalil migavum pugazhpettravargalil oruvaraana plorida, urimaikoaralin consejo privaedoavil nuzhainthaar, avarathu padhaviyai avarathu vaazhkkaiyin iruthi varai thakkavaitthuk kondaar. oru octogenarian plorida samooga nigazhvugalil kalandhu kondaar, sila nerangalil saaththiyamattra paaththirangkalai aetrtrukkondaar; 1962 aam aandil avar oru penn azhagu poattiyil oru naduvar kuzhuvin oru paguthiyaaga irunthaar. avar madha nadavadikkaigalil eedupattaar, kurippaaga hermonded dii capalleros dii chaan yuwan pattista oy neustra chenora dii losses mercedes anigalil; eppoathaavathu avar thondu munmuyarchigalukku thalaimai thaangkinaar. avar kavanamaaga paarambariya bhaarambariyaththai oppukkondaar; 1960 kalin pirpaguthiyil waskwess dii mella ninaivaaga arppanikappatta kalaachaara nigazhvugalaith thavira, avar hermonded dii christo raey dii rigvates ex compatents, ullnaattup poar poaraaligalin oru carlist ullnaattup poar poaraaligalin amaippil muraiyaaga eedupattaar, nadaimuraiyil ull carlist sandaiyil oru paarambariya bulwork entraalum, puthithaaga valarnthu varum murpoakku privukku ethiraaga ilakku; 1960 kall mattrum 1970 kazhil carlisatin ull thunduprasuraththaip pattri virivaaga vivaathiththa varalaattraasiriyarkal avarathu peyaraik kuripidavillai. 1960kalin pirpaguthiyilum avar yuvanista inaippai valarththuk kondaar; 1970kazhil avar thanathu paerakkuzhandhaigalin thirumanangalil mattumae kalandhu kondathaaga ariyappattaar.

mukhyamgaa, eee roeju tomus dolz dii espezo mariyu munoz serrano vai duffork-salinis, laa florida yokka 5va count (1879-1974) oka spanish raajakeeyavetta mariyu vyaapaaravaetta. daadaapu 30 samvatsaraala paatu ayana sampradaayavaadam mariyu carlism lopala pracharam chesaaru. desavyaaptamgaa ayana praantiiya party nayakatva udyogaalanu kaligi unnappatikee, appudappudu venuka varusalo konasagaru. athanu kottagaa srushtinchabadina francoist state party, follange espanola traditional party yokka karyanirvahaka samsthalaina modati junta politica mariyu consejo national sabhyudiga baga prasiddhi chendaadu. kutumbam mariyu yuvata. dolz vamsam dakshina araganku sambandhinchinadi; daani modati pratinidhulu 12va sataabdam chivaralo gurtinchabaddaaru, okasari vijayavantamaina requista terruelnu perkondi. eee kutumbam modatlo albarassin thoo mudipadi undhi, kalakramena porugu kounteelaku vyaapinchindi. espezo vamsam valencia raajyamlooni uttara bhagalalo nivasinche vaari nundi udbhavinchindi. eee rendu kutumbaalu 17va sataabdam praarambhamlo vivaham chesukuni, dolz dii espezo saakhaku daariteesaayi. daani sabhyulalo chaalaa mandhi speyin charitralo tama paerlanu pettaru; tomas yokka muttaata, pedro federico dolz dii espezo, 1789loe kaande dii laa florida birudunu andukunnaru. athani kumarudu, 2 va count mariyu tomas yokka taata, pedro paablo dolz dii espezo, nepolian yugamlo tananu taanu vaeru chesukunnaru. 1833loe modati carlist yuddham prarambhamainappudu athanu chattabaddhavaadula pakshana nilichaadu; otami taruvaata athanu bahishkarinchabaddaadu mariyu 1842loe bordiauxlo maraninchaadu. athani kumarudu mariyu tomus tandri, pedro manuel dolz dii espezo (1820-1879), 3 va gananagaa speyinku tirigi teruelloni kutumba bhuuswaamulanu tirigi swaadheenam chesukunnaru. aardhika samasyalatho appaginchina moodava carlist yuddha samayamlo athanu carlist kutralo kooda cheraadu; idhi carlistlu jaarii chesina byaanku notlapai athani santakam. athanu kooda bahishkarinchabadi, bionlo sthirapaddaadu. athanu maroe kuleena aragon kutumbaaniki chendina ammayini vivaham chesukunnadu, maria mariyu duffork-salinis (1843-1920). 1876 mariyu 1879 madhya eee jantaku 3 mandhi pillalu unnaaru; tomus fraanslo iddaru kumaarulalo chinnavaduga janminchaadu. vitantuvu mariyu sagam-anaadhalu speyinku eppudu tirigi vacharo spashtamgaa teliyadu; aame 1888loe terruelloni kutumba rajabhavanamlo modatisaarigaa gurtinchabadindi. sampradinchina muulaalu aevee tomas prarambha samvatsaraalapai samacharanni andinchaledu, athanu "escula dii laa lealtad vai tyaagam" loe perigaadu tappa. athanu thana vidyanu ekkada pondado spashtamgaa teliyadu; endukante taruvaata atanni "injanir" anie pilicharu, athanu bahusha saanketikatanu abhyasinchaadu, bahusha modridlo. 1900laloe paerkonabadani samayamlo athanu nirmaanamloo nimagnamayyadu; 1911loe athanu modrid aadhaarita company laa constructoraku managerga gurtinchabaddadu. 1912loe aayananu "propeterio" gaa pilicharu; 1913loe thana annaiah, 4va count akaala mariyu santaanam laeni maranam taruvaata, ayana kutumba vyapaaraanni chepattaru; athanu kooda eee birudunu vaarasatvamgaa pondaadu. 1912loe tomus dolz, tennient coronel dii artilleria 9va kumarte ayina maria dii laa estrella gonzelez dii laa riva vidella (1882-1989) nuu vivaham chesukunnadu. eee janta 1913 mariyu 1914 madhya janminchina modridlo sthirapaddaaru; vaariki 3 mandhi pillalu unnaaru. vaarilo evaruu praja vyakti kaaledu, ayinappatikee ekaika kumarudu, carlos dolz dii espezo vai gonzalez dii laa riva (1913-2013), oka vaimanika dalam general, 1976 naati atyanta prasiddha spanish yufo sanghatanaku sambandhinchi kluptamgaa media drushtini aakarshinchindi. oka chinna kumarte, maria, antonio galbis lorigaa, kande dii morphy, general dii artilleria mariyu ayudante gourava francotho vivaham chesukunnaru. tomus mariyu maria yokka aneka mandhi manumallalo, baga telisina vaaru carlos dolz dii espezo vai arospid, vyaapaaravaetta mariyu 7 va kaande dii laa florida, mariyu alphonso galbis dolz dii espezo, oka chitrakaarudu. prarambha raajakeeya jeevitam (1919 varaku). rendu taraala puurveekulu chattabaddhamaina kaaranaaniki seva cheyadamtho, dolz dheenini anusarinchadaaniki siddhamgaa unnatlu anipinchindi, mukhyamgaa athani talli kooda sampradaayavaada kutumbam nundi vachindi. ayithe, ayana yavvanamlo sampradaayavaadam pradhana sravanti carlistlu mariyu vidipoyina integristulugaa vibhajinchabadindi. kevalam 2 samvatsaraala senior ayina athani sodarudu tirugubaatudaarula pakshana unnadu; 1893loe 16 yella vayasulo athanu nocedalistalaku bahirangamgaa maddatu icchaadu. 1890la kaalamlo pedro dolz dii espezo samagra nirmaanaalalo vruddhi chendindi, 1900loe valencian junta provincial adhyakshudiga edigindi mariyu 1907loe valencian junta praantiiya karyanirvahaka vargamloki pravesinchindi. ayithe, sampradinchina muulaalu aevee tomus thana annanu anusarinchaarani dhruvikarinchaledu (ledhaa khandinchaledu); 1910la prarambham varaku, athanu rajakeeyaalalo nimagnamainatlu namodu kaaledu. dolz 1911loe raajakeeya vaataavaranamloo modatisaarigaa gurtinchabaddadu, athanu samagravaada mariyu jaimist minorityla nundi saampradaayavaada sahayakulaku maddatunu pradarsinchaadu, vaaru carteslo addukovadaniki viphalamayyaru. 1912loe ayana siddhaantaparamgaa raajakeeyetara, conny vaastavaaniki atyanta sampradaayavaada kuleena samsthalo cheraaru. thana annaiah maranam taruvaata athanu terruel raajyamlo kontha pratishtaatmaka vyakti ayyadu mariyu ennikala resulo cheraalani nirnayinchukunnaduhu 1914loe athanu terruel provinceloni jilla moraa dii rubilose nundi courtescu parigettaadu; daan jaim daavaaku maddatu ichhe carlist branch sabhyudaina jaimista anie kooda prakatinchukovadam idhe modatisaari. eee prayatnam akalamga niroopinchabadindi mariyu athanu vijayavantamaina abhyardhi kante 10 retlu takkuva otlanu pondutuu dayaneeyamgaa odipoyaadu. otami taruvaata florida paarlamentu kosam thana prayatnaanni punaruddharinchinatlu eppuduu dhruvikarinchabadaledu. 1910la madhyalo, appatike patrikalalo "rico propeterio" gaa piluvabade florida, appatike jaimista nirmaanaalalo puurtigaa nimagnamai undhi. 1915loe athanu modrid latina jilla nundi taruvaati samvatsaram jarigina cartes ennikalaloo pootii chestaarani pukaaru vachindi; 1916loe athanu saampradaayavaada pradhana satruvulu, udaaravaadulanu kooda kaligi unde ennikala kuutamini erpaatu cheyadamlo bijeegaa unnappatikee, aaa vaartalu chivariki abaddhamani niroopinchabaddaayi. 1917loe ayana raboye ennikala prachaaramlo pootii cheyaboye jaimistlu, integristulu, mouristulu mariyu swatantra abhyardhula ennikala sanghaanni muusivaeyadaaniki panicheesaaru. athanu 1918loe modrid munisipal jaimist samstha yokka modati kaaryadarsigaa edigaadu, daani jeff mariyu tvaralo praantiiya modrid nirmaanaala jeff kooda perigindi, ayithe saadhaaranamgaa party vyaktigaa migilipoyadu. athanu daan jaimku sampuurnamgaa vidheyudigaa kanipinchinappatikii, carlism lopala kotta antargata sangharshanhalo florida daani mukhya siddhaantakarta juvan waskwez dii mella vaipu moggu choopindi. idhi mitavaada pottula patla mellista yokka vilakshanhamaina abhiruchi dwara matrame kakunda, goppa yuddhamlo tatasthavaada vaikharini samardhinchadam dwara kooda pradarsinchabadindi, idhi anukuula bhavalanu edurkovadaniki mariyu kendra saktulaku samarthavantamgaa maddatu ivvadaaniki uddesinchina vyuuham. florida eee kalahaniki pradhana paatradhaarulalo laedu mariyu nepathyamlone undipoyindi; ayithe, 1919loe waskwez dii mella vidipoyi thana sonta paarteeni erpaatu chesinappudu, dolz dii espezo athanitho cheraalani nirnayinchukunnadu. tirugubaatudaarulaina mellita mariyu raajeepadina carlista (1919-1936). 1920loe florida 3 mandhi sabhyula mellita castilla laa newa executivelo cherindi; 1921loe, athanu modridlo jeff provincial padavini mariyu party yuvata yokka modrid saakha gourava adhyakshudiga, juventud katilika tradicionalista padavini chepattadu. modridlo kotta sinimaahaallanu erpaatu cheyadam, mataparamaina prayojanaala kosam dabbu sekarinchadam, moracolo sainika kaaryakalaapaalaku viraalaalu ivvadam mariyu nirvahinchadam, catholic vedukallo palgonadam, kreedalaku maddatu ivvadam vanti vividha karyakramalalo nimagnamai unnatlu nivedinchabadindi-ayithe, athanu party nirmaanaalanu nirminchadamlo bijeegaa unnatlu gurtinchabadaledu. 1922loe athanu jaragojalo jarigina oka saadhaarana mellita samavesaniki hajarayyadu, kotta party erpaatunu khararu cheyalsi undhi. assembly kottagaa erpadina partido tradicionalista yokka kaamite directivonu praarambhinchindi; florida daani 3 mandhi sabhyulalo okaru. athanu modrid jeff provincialga kooda dhruvikarinchabaddadu, tatkalikamga "provincious dell centro, surr vai oste dii espana" command ivvabadindi. 1923loe maiguel primo dii rivara tirugubaatu desamloni anni raajakeeya paarteelanu nishedhinchinappudu mellista project antagaa munduku saagaledu. florida gopyataku upasamharinchukundi, idhi prajalalo daatrutvam mariyu kuleena samajam yokka aakarshanhaku prasiddhi chendindi. modrid nivasi, athanu terruelloni thana laa florida aastilo mariyu valencialoni estatelalo teegalanu kharchu chestunnadu. kaarlu chuusi aakarshitudaina athanu nijamaina autovil clublo raaninchi, paryataka sameekshanu saha-nadipadu; kotta konugolu yajamani, athani kaaru dongilinchabade varaku adhika driving chesinanduku ataniki jarimana vidhinchabadindi. bhuswamitwa aastulanu minahayinchi, athanu aneka samsthalalo nivasinchaadu; nirmaana samstha kakunda athanu socidad espanola dii talcos mariyu company dii segras omnia adhyakshudiga unnadu. dictablanda" samayamlo dolz raajakeeya prayatnaalanu punaruddharinchaaru. 1930 maeloe alphonso xiii aayanaku swaagatam palikaru. perugutunna ganatantra alalaku vyatiraekamgaa athanu raacharika bhoomipai nilabadi, paatha taraha deshabhaktini pempondinchukunnaadu. 1931 eprillo ayana cheradamto, daani tikketpai modrid ayuntamiyento ennikalaloo pootii chesaaru. ganatantram prakatinchina taruvaata florida thana rajadhaanini vidaesaalaku badilee cheyadaaniki prayatninchindi. customs servies chetha arrestu cheyabaddaadu, athanu nirbandhinchabaddaadu mariyu akrama ravana chesina konni aastulanu japthu cheyavalasi vachindi. paerkonabadani samayamlo athanu pravesinchadam dwara carlist vidheyataku tirigi vacchaadu, idhi 1932loe maajee gymistas, integristas mariyu mellistaslalo tirigi cherindi. 1933loe ayana castilla laa newa yokka jeff reginalga niyaminchabaddaaru. siddhaantaparamgaa pratishtaatmakamaina padavini kaligi unnappatikee, florida mukhyamgaa churukuga unnatlu kanipinchaledu; party samavesalalo ayana matladatam chaalaa arudugaa namodaindi. mariyu charitrakaarulu ganatantra samayamlo carlist karyakalapala gurinchi charchinchetappudu athani paerunu dadapuga prastaavincharu. itara raacharika mariyu mitavaada samuuhaalatoe pottula vivaadaaspada prasnapai ledhaa kaande dii rhodezno mariyu manuel phaal madhya antargata nayakatva satrutvampai athani vaikhari emito spashtamgaa teliyadu. 1935loe taruvaatidi communistu kosam nidhulanu nirvahinchadaaniki appaginchina samstha ayina junta dii haasindaaku thana nominationnu prerepinchindi. raajakeeya paraakaashta vaipu (1936-1937). 1936 juulai tirugubaatuku sambandhinchina carlist sannahalalo florida nimagnamai undho ledho spashtamgaa teliyadu. 1936 septembaru madhyalo athanu leone praantaaniki carlist camisario dii gurraanu nominate chesinatlu konni muulaalu perkonnaayi; septembarulo, athanu siudad rodrigolo udbhavinchaadu, requetnu nirvahinchadamlo bijeegaa unnadu; octoberlo, athani leone prayatnaalu ataniki kotta carlist regent, daan javier nundi dhanyavaadaalu teliyajese lekhanu pondaayi. salamankalo nivasistunna ayana jaateeya carlist yuddhakaala karyanirvahaka, junta national carlista dii gerra sabhyudiga jabita cheyabadanappatiki, ayana communist nayakula samavesalalo palgonadam praarambhinchaaru. puurtigaa spashtamgaa laeni kaaranaala valla athani sthaanam perigindi; bahusha 1936 decemberlo carlist atyavasara samavesaniki aatidhyamichina florida adhyakshatana, speyin nundi vidichipettaalani franco chesina demandnu parishkarinchadaaniki pilavabadindi. athanu yea vaikharini teesukunnado spashtamgaa teliyadu; aaa roeju charchistunna kontamandi charitrakaarulu atanni "rhodezno yokka mitrudu" gaa suuchistaaru, idhi florida ultimatemnu aamodinchaalani pratipaadinchindani suuchistumdi. 1937 praarambhamlo carlistlu rashtra paarteelo balavantamgaa vileenam ayye avakaasaanni edurkonnaru; hakkudaarulu mariyu falcondistalu hataattugaa vyavaharinchaalani enchukunnaaru, rhodezno mariyu nawarres charchalu enchukunnaaru. fibravari nelaloo insuvaalo jarigina samavesamlo florida paalgoni, rhodeznistas pakshana nilabadi, maarchilo kooda aaa sthaanaanni konasaaginchindi. april praarambhamlo athanu kontavaraku tirugubaatudaarulaina nawarres junta central samavesamlo palgonnadu; idhi carlistlu, faalangistulu mariyu kaadillo niyaminchina vaaritho kuudina directoryni soochinche franco-addrused pratipaadananu sweekarinchindi. april madhyalo athanu bargolaku piluvabadina 4 mandhi carlistulalo okadu; raboye raajakeeya ekikarana gurinchi generalsimo vaariki teliyajesaadu. franco atanni enduku enchukunnaro spashtamgaa teliyadu; athani requayte recruitment karyakalapala kaaranamgaa florida atyanta "spashtamaina" carlistulalo okatigaa undani kondaru suuchistunnaaru. aaa samayamlo franco mariyu athani sahayakulu ippatike rashtra party karyanirvahakavargam yokka vyaktigata kuurpunu prakatinchadaanni pariseelinchaaru. praarambhamlo gurtinchina carlistulalo florida ledhu; franco shortlist chesina abhyardhulatho samarpinchina rhodezno, marcelo ulibari tolaginchabadindani mariyu carlistula kosam maroe seatu ketayinchabadindani, florida mariyu jose maria majan paerlatoe vastundani suuchimchaaru. eee pratipaadana aamodinchabadindi mariyu april 22naa follange espanola tradicanialista yokka 10 mandhi sabhyula "secrateriado oo junta politica" kuu nominate cheyabadina 4 carlistulalo dolz kooda unnadu. daani sabhyulandarilo ayana bahusha athi takkuva telisina vyakti; niyamitula gurinchi patrikalu prachurinchina chinna gamanikalalo, ayana athi chinnavadu. kontamandi junta niyaminchina vaaritho sahaa chaalaa mandhi carlistulanu chaalaa niraasaparichaaru; raajapratinidhi kopamgaa unnadu. juunloo carlist genteros, junta loe tama unikini dhruveekarinchamani atanni koraadu, conny prayojanam lekunda poyindi; taruvaata vidheyata ullanghana kosam andaruu communistan nundi bahishkarinchabaddaaru. karyanirvahaka ledhaa pramukha vyakti (1937-1939). junta loe falangist ivvadam mariyu teesukovadam lekapovadam valla niraasaku guraina kontamandi carlistlu franco firyadu chesaaru; phalitamgaa october 1937loe maroka party samsthaku, 50 mandhi sabhyula consejo national kuu nominations vachayi. florida 12 mandhi carlist naamineelalo tananu taanu kanugonnadu mariyu appatike raashtramlo anumatinchabadina ekaika raajakeeya samsthanu nirdesinche rendu samsthalalo kuurchuni, francoist speyin yokka atyadhika sthaanaaniki chendina pourulalo drudhamgaa kuurchunnaadu. ayithe, chaalaa mandhi charitrakaarulu rendu karyanirvahaka nirmaanaalu alankaaramainavani, aaa dasalo mottam party oka noothana nirmaanam anie, adhikaranni francotho undela chuudataaniki mariyu daani taruvaati gatiseelatanu pondadaaniki anie angeekaristunnaaru. antekakunda, carlistlu taamu niyantrinchagala ledhaa kaneesam prabhavam chuupagala samsthagaa undaalsinadi ekkuvagaa follange yokka kotta versionga marutondani, syndicalist blue-shartulu kramapaddhatilo paicheyi saadhistunnaayani telusukuni aagrahaaniki gurayyaru. ekikarana carlist taruvaata rank-und-file vaari naayakulapai junta loe bambu daadi cheyadam praarambhinchindi mariyu maddatu koorutuu, pakkadaari pattadam gurinchi firyadulato sambhaashinchadam praarambhinchindi. eee notlu mariyu phone calls sweekartagaa florida pratigna maddatugaa namodu cheyabadindi; athanu nijamgaa jokyam chesukunnada anedi spashtamgaa ledhu, ayinappatikee aemee maraledani spashtamgaa undhi. praja floridalo chaalaa varaku poura yuddham antataa nammakamaina francoist vaikharini konasaaginchaaru. ayana ekatvaaniki anukuulamgaa vaadinchaaru anie vaartaapatrikalalo utamkimchaaru; ayana abhiprayam prakaram carlism mariyu follange rendoo prajaasvaamya vyatiraeka, udaaravaada vyatiraeka, parliamentarian vyatiraeka mariyu catholic, bhavishyattulo amalu cheyavalasina raacharika parishkaaraalaku rendoo maddatu icchaayani kooda ayana paerkonnaaru. carlist raajula carlos VII mariyu alphonso kaarlosnu gowravinche upanyaasaalaku hajarayye ledhaa martyrs dii laudician kuu ankitam cheyabadina vaarshika carlist vindulo palgone kontamandi itara phet executivelatho, athanu veelainanta varaku sampradaayavaada aakrutini pempondinchadaaniki kooda prayatninchaadu, modata rashtra party dheenini gamaninchindi. marovaipu, athanu salaamaankaaloni naajii pradhana karyalayamlo vindulu vanti kotta taraha kaaryakramaalaku hajarukavadam manukoledu. 1938loe athanu salamankalo phet jeff provincialga vyavaharinchaadu, saadhaaranamgaa prati provinceloni 3 atyanta mukhyamaina poura sthaanaalalo okati; athani padaveekaalam yokka khachitamaina teedeelu emito spashtamgaa teliyadu. francoist raajakeeya vargalalo agrasthaanamlo unna florida kereer 1939 vesavi chivarilo mugisindi. augustu chivari natiki athanu ippatikee consagero nationalga bahiranga karyakramalalo paalgontunnatlu nivedinchabadindi, conny idhi septemberlo maarindi; athanu II consejo national kuu niyaminchabadina vaarilo tananu taanu kanugonaledu mariyu 1940 nundi athanu kevalam "kaande dii florida" gaa patrikalalo nivedinchabaddaadu. sampradinchina muulaalu aevee party karyanirvahaka vargam nundi ayana nishkramana gurinchi etuvanti antardrushtini andinchavu, mariyu pratyaekamgaa adhi daya nundi patanam ledhaa upasamharinchukovalanna chetana nirnayam kaadaa. kotta party syndicalist formatto niraasaku guraina taruvaata idhi rajinama ayi undavacchu; idhi antargata sangharshana phalitamgaa attaduguna undochu, endukante idhi jokewin baavuto jarigindi, raman serrano suner pakkadaari pattinchina maroka carlist, mukhyamgaa florida racharikam yokka anivaarya punaruddharananu bahirangamgaa prakatistuu undindi. raajakeeya padavee viramana mariyu sudeergha vruddhaapyam (1939 taruvaata). 1940la praarambhamlo florida ippatikee praja jeevitamlo undindi, antey agra raajakeeya prasthaanamlo ledhu.zii. saampradaaya-ruchigala vindulalo palgonadam, kontamandi bhaarii baruvulu kaligina vaaru haajaravutaaru. 1942loe ayana moodava jaateeya sadassuku niyaminchabadaledu mariyu ayana raajakeeya jeevitam khachitamgaa mugisindani anipinchindi. 1944loe prabhutva adhikaarulalo athanu sub secretario dii industry anie perkonabadinanduna idhi sarigga kakapovachhu. ayithe, idhi khachitamgaa athani francoist episodelalo chivaridi; aaa taruvaata athanu paarteeki ledhaa prabhutvaaniki sambandhinchinavaadu kaadani prastaavinchabadindi. athanu carlism nundi oka olive saakhanu angeekarinchaledu; 1942loe falangism valla debbatinna vaarandarinii tirigi anumatinchavacchani prakatinchaaru, endukante vaaru tama rashtra party sambandhaalanu vidichipettaru; kontamandi nayakulanu eee pathakam nundi spashtamgaa minahaayinchaaru, conny florida vaarilo ledhu. 1940la chivaralo athanu thana paatakaalapu thoti mellita ayina ricardo orezaku bahirangamgaa maddatu pradarsinchadaaniki saahasinchaadu, aaa taruvaatadi modrid munisipal ennikalaloo vijayam saadhinchindi. ippatike padavee viramana vayassulo unnappatikee, florida aneka samsthalalo churukuga undipoyindi, ekkuvagaa khanija vanarulu mariyu aadhaarapadina vyaapaaraalaku sambandhinchinavi, nirmaanam ledhaa pharmaceuticals vantivi; vaatilo konni, ramhe vantivi, modrid graan via vanti pratishtaatmaka pradaesaalaloo bhaarii oppandaalanu pondaayi. 1950laloe athanu kramam tappakunda saamaajika vyasalalo kanipinchaadu, thana sonta kutumbaaniki sambandhinchina mariyu sambandham laeni kuleena vindulaku hajarayyadu. ayana martyrs dii laa tradician upanyaasaalaku hajaravadam tappa, ayana raajakeeya karyakramalalo dadapuga unikilo laeru. 1950la madhyalo idhi akasmaattugaa maarindi. 1956loe floridaaku chaalaa pratishtaatmakamaina francoist gouravamaina graan cruze dell merito sivil labhinchindi. 1957loe, alphone vaada daavaadaaru ayina daan juvanto tama deerghakaala sambandhaanni muginchina 70 mandhi carlistulalo ayana okaru. saampradaaya suutraalanu adhikarikamga angeekarinchadam valla athanu carlist konam nundi kooda vaarasatvaaniki taginavadani santrupti chendina vaaru, atanni simhaasanaaniki chattabaddhamaina varasudiga prakatinchaaru. estorilos" anie pilavabade vaarilo atyanta vishishtamaina vaarilo okaraina florida, daavaadaaru yokka consejo private loki pravesinchaadu, aaa padavi athani jeevitaantam varaku konasaagindi. oka ashtajanyu floridaga kooda saamaajika kaaryakramaalaku haajaravutuu, konnisaarlu asambhavamaina paatralanu poeshistuu, 1962loe mahilaa soundarya pootiiloo jurylo bhaagamgaa niyaminchabaddaadu. athanu mataparamaina karyakalapalalo nimagnamai unnadu, mukhyamgaa hermonded dii cabelleros dii shaan juvan batista vai newstra senora dii laas mercedes shrenulalo; appudappudu athanu swachchanda kaaryakramaalaku adhyakshata vahinchaadu. jagrattagaa athanu sampradaayavaada vaarasatvaanni angeekaristune unnadu; 1960la chivaralo waskwez dii mella ghnaapakaartham ankitam cheyabadina saamskrutika sanghatanalu kakunda, athanu hermonded dii christo rae dii requates ex combatients loe nimagnamayyadu, idhi adhikarikamga poura yuddha poraataala jabita yokka oka samstha, aacharanalo antargata carlist kalahamlo saampradaayavaada balark ayinappatikee, kottagaa udbhavinchina purogativaada vargaaniki vyatiraekamgaa lakshyamgaa; 1960luu mariyu 1970laloe carlism yokka antargata vichchinnata gurinchi vistrutamgaa charchistunna charitrakaarulu athani paeru prastaavincharu. 1960la chivaralo kooda ayana juvanista linknu pempondistuunae unnaaru; 1970laloe ayana thana manavaraalla vivahalaku matrame haajarainatlu gurtinchabadindi.

toms doles ddee espeju toms doles ddee espeju andrev monoz sirano waayi dofork-salens laa fluoreda kii panchwen ganti (1879-1974) eek hispanvi seyasat daan aur taajir thaa. taqriba 30 saalon takk inhon nay rawayat pasandi aur carlism kay andar muham chalayi. waqta foqta wah elaqayi paarti kii qayadat kii nokariyan sanbhaal rahay thay halankah milk bhar mein wah peeche kii sif mein rahay. wah pehli jantaa politica aur konseju national kay rakan kay toor parr mashhur haine juu nayee tashkil shadah francost steat party follange espanola traditionalista kay execto bodys haine. khaandaan aur naujawan. doles nasb kaa taaluq janubi aragon say hay. iss kay pehley numaindon kaa zakar 12 wein sadee kay aakhir mein hawaa jabb kamiyab dobarah fatah nay teroel kaa daawi kiyaa. iss khaandaan kaa taaluq ibtadayi toor parr albarasana say thaa juu waqat kay saath padosi countiyon mein phail gayaa. espeju nasb kii ibtada valentia kii baadshahi kay shamali hasoon say hoyee juu iss mein maqeem hay. donon khandanon nay 17 wein sadee kay awail mein aaps mein shaadi kii jiss say doles ddee espeju shaakh kuu janam milaa. iss kay behat say arakeen nay speen kii tareekh mein apnay naam banaye. toms kay pardada pedro federeco doles ddee espeju kuu 1789 mein konday ddee laa fluoreda kaa khataab diyaa gayaa. iss kay betay dosray shamaar aur toms kay daada pedro pablo doles ddee espeju nay napolin door mein khood kuu mamtaz kiyaa. 1833 mein pehli carlist jung sharoo honay parr inhon nay qanuni mahireen kaa saath diyaa vovo shakast kay baad wah jalawatni mein chalay gayey aur 1842 mein bordo mein inteqal kirr gayey. iss kaa betaa aur toms kay waalid pedro minoal doles ddee espeju (1820-1879)yee teesri ganti kay toor parr speen waps aayey aur teroel mein khaandaani zaminon kuu dobarah farz kiyaa. wah carlist kii sazish mein bhee shaamil how gayaa teesri carlist jung kay doraan juu maashi masail kay saath sonpi gayee thee. yaha carlist kay zariah jaari kardah benak noton parr mojud iss kay dastakhat thay. wah bhee jalawatni mein chalaa gayaa aur beun mein aabaad how gayaa. iss nay eek aur ashrafiya aragon khaandaan kii ladki maariyah andrev waayi dofork-salens (1843-1920) say shaadi kii. 1876 aur 1879 kay darmiyan iss joday kay 3 bachay thay. toms france mein duu beton mein chhotay kay toor parr paida hoay thay. yaha waazah nahein hay kahh bewah aur sautelay yateem kabb speen waps aayey. wah pehli baar 1888 mein teroel kay khaandaani mahal mein waps dekhi gayee. kasee bhee zaraye say mashurah kiye jaanay parr toms kay ibtadayi saalon kay baaray mein malumat farahim nahein kii gayein sawaye iss kay kahh iss kii prorish "escoila ddee laa liyaltad waayi qurbani" mein hoyee thee. yaha naha tuu waazah hay kahh iss nay apnee taleem kahaan say haasil kii vovo keunkah baad mein asay "engineer" kahaa gayaa iss nay shayed technology kii taleem haasil kii mamkanah toor parr medrade mein. 1900 kii dahayi mein eek ghair mutayin waqat mein wah tameer mein masruf thay. 1911 mein wah medard mein qayem company laa constructra kay meniger kay toor parr mashhur hoay. 1912 mein inhein "propetario" kahaa gayaa. inhon nay apnay baday bhayee choothay shamaar kii qabal az waqat aur bay aulaad moth kay baad 1913 mein khaandaani karobar sanbhala. inhein yaha khataab bhee warasat mein milaa. 1912 mein toms doles nay maariyah ddee laa estrela gonzaliz ddee laa rewa videla (1882-1989) say shaadi kii juu tenant coroneal ddee artlery 9 wein kii betty thee. yaha jodaa konday aranda kay medard mein aabaad hawaa. inn kay 3 bachay thay juu 1913 aur 1914 kay darmiyan paida hoay. inn mein say koyee bhee awami shaqsiyat nahein banaa halankah aklotay betay carlos doles ddee espeju waayi gonzaliz ddee laa rewa (1913-2013)yee juu eek fazaiya kay general thay nay 1976 kay sabb say mashhur hispanvi yufu waaqiye kay silsilay mein mukhtasir toor parr mediya kii taujah haasil kii. eek chhoti betty maariyah nay antonio galbus laurega konday ddee morafi, general ddee artleria aur ayodante inrefacio say shaadi kii. toms aur maariyah kay mutadid potay potiyon mein carlos doles ddee espeju waayi aerospide taajir aur 7 wein konday ddee laa fluoreda aur alfonso gulbus doles ddee espageo eek masoor sabb say ziyadah mashhur haine. ibtadayi seyasi carrier (1919 takk). aabao ajdaad kii duu naslon kay saath juu qanuni maqsad kii khadmat kirr rahay thay doles iss kii peervi karnay kay liye tayaar nazar aatay thay khaas toor parr iss kii waldah kaa taaluq bhee eek rawayat pasand khaandaan say thaa. tahim inn kii jawani kay doraan rawayat pasandi kuu markazi dhaaray kii carliston aur alg alg inzamam mein taqsim kiyaa gayaa thaa. iss kay bhayee juu sarf 2 saal baday thay nay baghiyon kaa saath diyaa. 1893 mein 16 saal kii amar mein inhon nay awami toor parr nocidalista kii himayat kii. 1890 kii dahayi kay doraan pedro doles ddee espeju nay marbut dahanchon mein tarqi kii 1900 mein valention jantaa soobayi kay sadr banay aur 1907 mein valencin jantaa elaqayi kay execto mein daakhil hoay. tahim mashure say haasil honay waalay zaraye mein say koyee bhee iss baath kii tasdiq (yaa tardid) nahein kartaa kahh toms nay apnay baday bhayee kii peervi kii vovo 1910 kii dahayi kay awail takk wah seyasat mein masruf nahein thay. doles kuu pehli baar 1911 mein seyasi maahul mein dekha gayaa iss nay integrist aur jamist aqliyaton donon kay rawayat pasand numaindon kii himayat kaa mazahirah kiyaa jinhon nay courts mein blawajah roknay kii koshish kii. 1912 mein inhein nazaryati toor parr ghair seyasi leakin darhaqiqat intehayi qadamat pasand ashrafiya tanzim mein daakhil kiyaa gayaa. apnay baday bhayee kii moth kay baad wah teroel kay dairay mein kasee hadd takk bawaqar shaqsiyat bunn gayey aur iss tarah inhon nay intekhabi dodh mein shaamil honay kaa faislah kiyaa: 1914 mein wah troel soobay kay eek zalaa moraa ddee rubilos say courts takk bhagay. yaha pehli baar thaa jabb inhon nay khood kuu gemista qaraar diyaa juu ddaan jiyayam kay daway kii himayat karnay waali carlist branch kaa rakan thaa. yaha koshish qabal az waqat saabat hoyee aur wah eek faatah amidwar say 10 ganaa kumm woat haasil kartay hoay mayus kunn toor parr haar gayey. shakast kay baad fluoreda nay parliament kay liye apnee boli kii tajdid kii kabhi tasdiq nahein kii. 1910 kii dahayi kay wast mein fluoreda jasay pehley hyee prais mein "reco propetario" kahaa jaataa hay pehley hyee say hyee jamista dahanchon mein makmal toor parr masruf thaa. 1915 mein inn kay aglay saal kay courts intekhabat mein medrade laatini zalaa say hasah leenay kii afwah thee. yaha khabar balaakhir ghalat saabat hoyee halankah 1916 mein wah eek intekhabi itehad qayem karnay mein masruf thay jiss mein rawayati dashman libral bhee shaamil hoan gay. 1917 mein inhon nay jaimiston integriston moriston aur aazaad ameedwaron kii eek intekhabi union kuu sail karnay kay liye kaam kiyaa jinhein aaney waali intekhabi muham mein medaan mein ataara jaaye gaa. wah medard municiple jamist tanzim kay pehley secertry bunn gayey 1918 mein iss kay jaif aur jald hyee soobayi medard dahanchon kay jaif takk badh gayey halankah aam toor parr paarti kii eek pachli sif kii shaqsiyat rahay. agarcha wah ddaan jaimi kay balkal wafadar nazar aatay thay leakin carlism kay andar nayey androni tanazah mein fluoreda nay apnay kaleedi theorest joaan wezkeez ddee meela kaa saath diyaa. iss kaa mazahirah naha sarf melista kay daayein baazo kay itehadon kay liye makhsus rajhaan say hawaa balkah azeem jung mein ghair janibdarana moqaf kii wakalat karkay bhee hawaa eek hakmat emli jiss kaa maqsad razakarana jazbaat kaa muqabilah karnaa aur markazi taaqaton kii moasir tareeqe say himayat karnaa hay. fluoreda iss jhagday kay aham kirdaron mein shaamil nahein thaa aur piss manzar mein hyee rehaa vovo tahim jabb 1919 mein wezkeez ddee meela alg how gayaa aur apnee paarti qayem kii tuu doles ddee espeju nay iss mein shaamil honay kaa faislah kiyaa. baaghi melista aur salah shadah carlista (1919-1936). 1920 mein fluoreda nay 3 rakni melista castila laa newa execto mein shamoliyat akhtiyar kii. 1921 mein inhon nay medrade mein jaif soobayi kaa ahdah sanbhala aur paarti kay naujawanon kii medrade branch kay aizazi sadr joventod catolca traditionalista kaa ahdah sanbhala. report mein bataya gayaa hay kahh wah mukhtalif iqdamat mein masruf haine-mothered mein nayey cenma gahar qayem karnaa mazhabi maqasid kay liye raqam jamaa karnaa marakash mein foji karwaiyon kay liye atiyah deena aur atyaat kaa ahtamam karnaa catholic taqribaat mein hasah linaa kheelon kii himayat karnaa-tahim inhein paarti kay dahanchay kii tameer mein masruf honay kay toor parr nahein jaana gayaa. 1922 mein inhon nay zargoza mein honay waali eek general melista assembly mein sharkat kii aur nayee paarti kii tameer kuu hatmi shakal deeni thee. assembly nay nayey tashkil shadah partedo traditionalista kaa kaamti directive sharoo kiyaa vovo fluoreda iss kay 3 arakeen mein say eek thaa. asay medard jaif soobayi kay toor parr bhee tasdiq kii gayee jasay aarizi toor parr "provencius dail centro suur waayi auste ddee speen" kii kamaan dee gayee. melista project nay shayed hyee iss waqat kaam sharoo kiyaa jabb 1923 mein megoil parmo ddee revera kii baghawat nay milk kii tamaam seyasi jamaaton parr pabandi lagaa dee. fluoreda nay privaisi say dastbardar how liyaa juu awami toor parr khairati aur ashrafiya society kii gleemer kay liye mashhur hay. medrade kaa rehaishi wah teroel mein apnee laa fluoreda property aur valencia mein states mein taar kharch kirr rehaa thaa. kaaron say mutasir how kirr wah setgez circuit kaa intezam kartaa thaa haqeeqi automoval kalb mein behtareen karkardgi kaa mazahirah kartaa thaa aur seyahati jaizay kaa mushtarkah intezam kartaa thaa. eek nayee dakaan kay maalk iss parr iss kii kaar choori honay takk zarurat say ziyadah driving karnay parr jarmanah aayed kiyaa gayaa thaa. araazi kii jayedadon kuu chhod kirr wah mutadid karobari idaaron say door rehtay thay vovo tamirati company kay elawah wah societed espinola ddee talcos aur company ddee segros omniya kay sadr thay. dictablanda" kay doraan doles nay seyasi koshishon kii tajdid kii. mayee 1930 mein alfonso XIII nay inn kaa isteqbal kiyaa. badhti hoyee jamhuria kii lehar kay khalaaf wah baadshahat kii bunyaad parr khaday huay paraaney tarz kii habb alwatni kuu farogh diyaa. iss mein shaamil honay kay baad apreel 1931 mein inhon nay mothered ointamento kay intekhabat mein iss kay ticket parr hasah liyaa. jamhuria kay aalaan parr fluoreda nay apnaa darulhukumat berun milk muntaqil karnay kii koshish kii. custom saros kay zariye giraftar kiyaa gayaa asay haraasat mein liyaa gayaa aur mamkanah toor parr asmagal kiye gayey kachh asaason kii zabti kaa saamna karnaa padaa. ghair mutayin waqat parr wah daakhil how kirr carlist wafadari kii taraf loat aayaa juu 1932 mein saabiq gemistas entegrestas aur melistas mein dobarah shaamil how gayaa. 1933 mein inhein castila laa newa kaa jaif elaqayi muqarar kiyaa gayaa. nazaryati toor parr bawaqar ahday parr faiz honay kay bawajood fluoreda khaas toor parr faal nahein lagtaa thaa. wah paarti kay ajlason mein taqrir karnay kay toor parr shaaz woo naadir hyee record kiyaa jaataa thaa. aur tareekh daan jamhuria kay doraan carlist kii sargarmiyon parr baath kartay waqat taqriba iss kaa naam nahein batatay. yaha waazah nahein hay kahh deegar baadshahat aur daayein baazo kay grohon kay saath itehad kay mutnazah sawaal yaa konday ddee rudizno aur minoal faal kay darmiyan daakhli qayadat kii dushmani parr inn kaa kiyaa moqaf thaa. 1935 mein moakhar alzikar nay jantaa ddee hessenda kay liye apnee namzadgi kaa aaghaz kiyaa juu eek idaarah hay jasay communine kay liye funds manzam karnay kaa kaam sonpa gayaa hay. seyasi arooj kii taraf (1936-1937). yaha waazah nahein hay kahh aayaa fluoreda jolayi 1936 kii baghawat kii fehrist kii tayariyon mein masruf thaa. kachh zaraye kaa daawi hay kahh satambar 1936 kay wast mein inhein leone kay elaqay kay liye carlist kamasario ddee gorera kay liye namzad kiyaa gayaa thaa. satambar mein wah cudad rudrego mein ubhar kirr saamney aayey juu recatay kay anaqad mein masruf thay. aktobar mein inn kii leone kii koshishon nay inhein nayey carlist regent ddaan jeweer kii taraf say shakriyah kaa khath haasil kiyaa. agarcha wah qomi carlist jangi execto jantaa national carlista ddee gorera kay rakan kay toor parr darj nahein haine juu salamanka mein rehtay haine inhon nay communine rehnumaon kay ajlason mein hasah leena sharoo kiyaa. inn wajuhaat kii banaa parr juu makmal toor parr waazah nahein haine inn kii position mein izafah hawaa. shayed eek mezban fluoreda kay toor parr dasambar 1936 kay carlist emergency metting kii sadarat kii gayee jiss mein franco kay iss mutalibe say namatnay kay liye blaya gayaa thaa kahh faal konday speen chhod day. yaha waazah nahein hay kahh iss nay kiyaa moqaf akhtiyar kiyaa thaa vovo iss dunn parr bahas karnay waalay kachh morkheen asay "rudizno kaa itehadi" kehtay haine jiss say patah chalta hay kahh fluoreda nay tajweez paish kii thee kahh alty metum kuu qabool kiyaa jaaye. 1937 kay awail say carliston kuu riyasati jamaat mein zabardasti inzamam kay amkaan kaa saamna thaa. dawedar aur falcondista nay bay dalee kaa intekhaab kiyaa rudizno aur nawari nay mazakirat kaa intekhaab kiyaa. fluoreda answa mein faroori kay eek ajlaas mein mojud thaa aur iss nay rudiznestas kaa saath diyaa maarch mein bhee iss kii position barqarar rakhee gayee. apreel kay awail mein inhon nay kasee hadd takk baaghi nawarees jantaa central kay ajlaas mein hasah liyaa. iss nay eek franco addressed tajweez kuu apnaya jiss mein eek directorio tajweez kiyaa gayaa thaa juu carlist fallingst aur caudilo kay muqarar kardah afraad parr mushtamil thaa. apreel kay wast mein wah bergos kuu talab kii gayee 4 carliston mein say eek thaa. generalsimo nay inhein aaney waalay seyasi itehad kay baaray mein aagah kiyaa. yaha waazah nahein hay kahh asay franco nay kiyon uthaya thaa. kachh logon kaa khayaal hay kahh fluoreda inn kii bharti kii sargarmiyon kii wajah say sabb say ziyadah "numayan" carliston mein say eek thaa. iss waqat franco aur iss kay maawaneen pehley say hyee riyasati paarti kay execto kii zaati tashkil parr ghoor kirr rahay thay jiss kaa aalaan kiyaa jaana thaa. fluoreda ibtadayi toor parr nashaan zad carliston mein shaamil nahein thaa. franco kii taraf say shaart list kiye gayey ameedwaron kay saath paish kardah rudizno nay tajweez paish kii kahh marcelino alee baari kuu chhod diyaa jaaye aur carliston kay liye eek aur nashast makhsus kii jaaye jiss mein fluoreda aur jose maariyah mazoon kay naam shaamil haine. iss tajweez kuu qabool kirr liyaa gayaa aur 22 apreel kuu doles nay khood kuu falling espanola traditionalista kay 10 rakni "secretriyado awo jantaa politica" kay liye namzad 4 carliston mein shaamil kiyaa. iss kay tamaam arakeen mein wah shayed sabb say kumm maruf thay. muqarar kardah afraad kay baaray mein prais say shaye honay waalay mukhtasir nott mein inn kaa sabb say chhota thaa. behat see carliston kuu behat mayus kiyaa jinn mein jantaa kay kachh muqarar kardah afraad bhee shaamil thay. regent ghasey mein thaa. joone mein carlist gentros nay iss say jantaa mein apnee maujudgi kii ajazat deenay kuu kahaa leakin koyee fayedah nahein hawaa vovo baad mein sabb kuu wafadari kii khalaaf warzi parr communine say nikaal diyaa gayaa. execto yaa figure head (1937-1939). jantaa mein fallingst kay deenay aur leenay kii kamee say mayus how kirr kachh carliston nay franco say shikayat kii. natijah aktobar 1937 mein eek aur paarti baadee 50 rakni concijo national kay liye namzadgi thee. fluoreda nay khood kuu carlist kay 12 namzad afraad mein shaamil kiyaa aur wah pehley hyee say hyee francost speen kay aalee tareen ahday parr faiz shahriyon mein shaamil thaa juu duu idaaron mein betha hawaa thaa juu riyasat mein ajazat yaaftah waahid seyasi tanzim kii hidayat kirr rehaa thaa. tahim behat say morkheen iss baath say mutafiq haine kahh donon intezami dahanchay kaafi hadd takk aaraishi thay aur yaha kahh poori paarti iss marhalay parr eek naumolud dahancha thee jiss kaa wajood iss baath kuu yaqeeni bananay kay liye thaa kahh iqtedar franco kay paas rahay aur phir bhee iss kii baad kii harkiyaat kuu haasil karnaa baaqi hay. iss kay alawah carlist yaha jaan kirr naraaz hoay kahh wah eek aisi tanzim thee jasay wah control kirr saktay thay yaa kumm az kumm asar woo rasokh teezi say follange kay eek nayey warzan mein tabdil how rehaa thaa jiss mein cindicalist blue shirts manzam tareeqe say bartari haasil kirr rahee thein. itehad kii fehrist kay baad renk aind fayel nay jantaa mein apnay rehnumaon parr bambari sharoo kirr dee aur himayat maangtay huay raah bastah honay kii shikayaat kay saath mill kirr. inn noton aur phone kaalz kay wasool kanandah kay toor parr fluoreda kuu waadah kii himayat kay toor parr darj kiyaa gayaa hay. yaha waazah nahein hay kahh aayaa iss nay waaqee madakhilat kii thee halankah yaha waazah hay kahh kachh bhee nahein badla. awami fluoreda mein ziyadah tarr khaanah jangi kay doraan eek wafadar francost moqaf barqarar rakhaa. akhbaraat mein inn kay hawalay say kahaa gayaa kahh wah itehad kay haqh mein bahas kirr rahay thay. inn kay mutabiq carlism aur follange donon jamhuriyat mukhalif libral mukhalif parliamenterian mukhalif aur catholic thay inhon nay yaha bhee daawi kiyaa kahh donon mustaqabil mein naafiz kiye jaanay waalay baadshahat kay hall kii himayat kartay haine. bazahir iss nay rawayati shakal kuu bhee ziyadah say ziyadah farogh deenay kii koshish kii kachh dosray fait exectose carlist kangaz carlos VII aur alfonso carlos kay aizaz mein khatbaat mein sharkat kartay haine yaa martrace ddee laa tradison kay liye waqaf salanah carlist daawat mein hasah leetay haine juu ibtadayi toor parr riyasati paarti kay zariah mashahidah kiyaa jaataa hay. dosri taraf wah nayey tarz kay programon mein sharkat karnay say baaz nahein rahay jeesay salamanka mein naazi head kwarter mein ziyafat. 1938 mein inhon nay salamanka mein fait jaif soobayi kay toor parr kaam kiyaa juu aam toor parr harr soobay kay 3 aham tareen shehri ahadon mein say eek hay. yaha waazah nahein hay kahh inn kii madat mulazimat kii saheeh tareekhen kiyaa thein. francost seyasi tabqe mein sabb say oopar fluoreda kaa carrier 1939 kay mosam garma kay aakhir mein khatam hawaa. agast kay aakhir takk inn kay baaray mein awami taqribaat mein batoor konsejero national hasah leenay kii atlaa milly thee leakin yaha satambar mein badal gayaa. wah khood kuu II konseju national mein muqarar honay waalon mein shaamil nahein paaye aur 1940 say prais mein inhein sarf "konday ddee laa fluoreda" kay toor parr report kiyaa gayaa. mashurah shadah zaraye mein say koyee bhee paarti execto say inn kii rawangi kay baaray mein koyee basirat paish nahein kartaa hay aur khaas toor parr aayaa yaha fazal say zawal thaa yaa ankhala kaa eek shauri faislah thaa. yaha nayee paarti kay cindicalist formate say mayusi kay baad istefi how saktaa thaa. yaha androni tanazah kay natijay mein pasmandgi kaa shikaar how saktaa thaa jaisa kahh yaha jawakeen baao kay saath hawaa eek aur carlist jasay ramun sirano sunar nay altaa kirr diyaa thaa khaas toor parr yaha kahh fluoreda awami toor parr baadshahat kii naguzir bahaali kaa aalaan kartaa rehaa. seyasi retirement aur taweel amar (1939 kay baad). abb aalee seyasi parwaz mein nahein 1940 kii dahayi kay awail mein fluoreda abb bhee awami zindagi mein mojud thaa misaal kay toor parr.jee. rawayat pasandi kay zaiqe waali ziyafaton mein hasah leena jiss mein kachh bhaari wazan waalay loag sharkat kartay haine. 1942 mein inhein qomi majlis mein muqarar nahein kiyaa gayaa aur inn kaa seyasi carrier yaqeeni toor parr khatam hotaa nazar aayaa. how saktaa hay kahh yaha balkal aisa naha how jaisa kahh 1944 mein sarkaari ahalkaron kay darmiyan iss kii atlaa dee gayee thee yauni sabb screetrio ddee industriya kay toor parr jaana jaataa hay. tahim yaha yaqeeni toor parr inn kii francost aqsaat mein say aakhri thee vovo iss kay baad inn kaa zakar paarti yaa hukumat say nahein kiyaa gayaa. iss nay carlism say zeeton kii shaakh qabool nahein kii. 1942 mein faal nay aalaan kiyaa kahh falingzam say daghdar tamaam logon kuu dobarah daakhil kiyaa jaa saktaa hay keunkah wah apnee riyasati paarti kay rawabit kuu turk kirr deetay haine. iss paishkash kuu kachh rehnumaon nay waazah toor parr schem say khaarij kirr diyaa leakin fluoreda inn mein shaamil nahein thaa. 1940 kii dahayi kay aakhir mein inhon nay apnay paraaney saathi melista recordo aureja kay liye awami satah parr himayat kaa mazahirah karnay kaa aradah kiyaa jabb moakhar alzikar medrade municiple intekhabat mein kamiyab hawaa. agarcha pehley hyee retirement kii amar mein fluoreda mutadid karobari idaaron mein srgarm rehaa jinn mein say ziyadah tarr maadni wasail aur inhasaar karnay waalay karobaron say mutaliq thay jeesay tameer yaa dawasazi vovo inn mein say kachh jeesay ramhay nay maishthit maqamat jeesay medrade grain wiya mein bhaari muahide kiye. 1950 kii dahayi mein wah baqayedgi say society kalimon mein nazar aatay thay apnay khaandaan say mutaliq aur ghair mutaliqah ashrafiya kii ziyafaton mein sharkat kartay thay. inn kii seyasi masrufiyat taqriba ghair mojud thein sawaye iss kay kahh wah martrace ddee laa tradison kay khatbaat mein sharkat kartay rahay. yaha 1950 kii dahayi kay wast mein achanak badal gayaa. 1956 mein fluoreda kuu grain karoz dail merito soul say nawaza gayaa juu eek behat hyee bawaqar francost aizaz hay. 1957 mein wah 70 kii fehriston mein shaamil thay jinhon nay alfonist dawedar ddaan joaan kay saath apnay derinah taluqat kaa ikhtatam kiyaa. iss baath say mutmain kahh rawayat pasandanah asulon kii bazabtah qabuliyat nay inhein fehrist kay naqtah nazar say bhee janishini kay liye mozon banaa diyaa inhon nay inhein takht kaa jayez waaris qaraar diyaa. fluoreda naam nahaad "estorelos" mein say aike dawedar kay kansijo privido mein daakhil hawaa yaha ahdah iss kii zindagi kay aakhir takk barqarar rehaa. fluoreda mein eek octogenarian kay toor parr bhee samaji taqribaat mein sharkat kartaa rehaa baaz auqaat ghair matuqa kirdaar adaa kartay hoay vovo 1962 mein inhon nay khwatin kay khubsurati kay muqabilay mein jewari kaa hasah banaya. wah mazhabi sargarmiyon mein masruf rahay khaas toor parr hermanded ddee cablero ddee saan joaan botasta waayi neostra sinora ddee laas mercesis kay ahadon parr vovo kabhi kabhaar wah khairati iqdamat kii sadarat kartay thay. ahtiyaat say wah rawayat pasandanah warsay kuu tasleem kartay rahay. 1960 kii dahayi kay aakhir mein wezkeez ddee meela kii yaad mein waqaf saqafati waaqiaat kay elawah wah hermanded ddee cristo ree ddee recates aiks combatants mein masruf rahay juu bazabtah toor parr carlist khaanah jangi kay jangjoon kii eek tanzim thee halankah emli toor parr androni carlist kii kashmakash mein eek rawayat pasand qalah thaa jiss kaa maqsad eek nayey ubharte hoay tarqi pasand dhaday kay khalaaf thaa. iss baath kii koyee nishandahi nahein hay kahh wah piss manzar say waaqif thaa aur 1960 aur 1970 kii dahayi mein carlism kay androni takday takday parr baday paimanay parr baath karnay waalay morkheen iss kaa naam nahein batatay. 1960 kii dahayi kay aakhir mein bhee wah jawanista lunk kuu farogh deetay rahay. 1970 kii dahayi mein wah sarf apnay potay potiyon kii shadiyon mein sharkat karnay kay toor parr mashhur thay.

000248e11c192ca3e6991318d1d9c161d5032194a37df29debc098961f1615d3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=6806924

NASA Exceptional Engineering Achievement Medal

NASA Exceptional Engineering Achievement Medal The NASA Exceptional Engineering Achievement Medal (abbreviated EEAM) was established by NASA in 1981 to recognize unusually significant engineering contributions towards achievement of aeronautical or space exploration goals. This award is given for individual efforts for applications of engineering principles or methods that have resulted in a contribution of fundamental importance in this field or have significantly enhanced understanding of this field or have significantly advanced the state of the practice as demonstrated by an application to aerospace systems. Recent recipients. 2006. 2006 award recipients include: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> 2007. 2007 award recipients include: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> 2008. 2008 award recipients include: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> 2009. 2009 award recipients include: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> 2010. 2010 award recipients include: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> 2011. 2011 award recipients include: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> 2012. 2012 award recipients include: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> 2013. 2013 award recipients include: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> 2014. 2014 award recipients include: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> 2015. 2015 award recipients include: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> 2016. 2016 award recipients include: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> 2017. 2017 award recipients include: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> 2018. 2018 award recipients: <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/> References. <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

nasar byotikromi obhijantrik krititwo podok 1981 sonot nasar dwara aerontical baa mohakax onwexonor lokhyoxomuhor praptir dixot oswabhabikbhabe guruttopurno obhijantrik obodanok swikriti diboloi nasar byotikromi obhijantrik krititwo podok (xongkhyepe ee. ee. em) protistha koraa hoisil. obhijantrik niti baa poddhotir proyugor baabe byoktigoto prochestar baabe ei botaa prodan koraa hoy jaar folot ei khetrot moulik gurutwor obodan aase baa ei khyetror bixoye bujatu ullekhjugyobhabe briddhi paise baa aerospace pronalit proyug korar dwara prodorxito onuxilonor owosthak ullekhjugyobhabe unnot korise. xehotiya grohonkari. 2006. 2006 sonor botaa prapokxokolor bhitorot aaseh 2007. 2007 sonor botaa prapokxokolor bhitorot aaseh 2008. 2008 sonor botaa prapokxokolor bhitorot aaseh 2009. 2009 sonor botaa prapokxokolor bhitorot aaseh 2010. 2010 sonor botaa prapokxokolor bhitorot aaseh 2011. 2011 sonor botaa prapokxokolor bhitorot aaseh 2012. 2012 sonor botaa prapokxokolor bhitorot aaseh 2013. 2013 sonor botaa prapokxokolor bhitorot aaseh 2014. 2014 sonor botaa prapokxokolor bhitorot aaseh 2015. 2015 sonor botaa prapokxokolor bhitorot aaseh 2016. 2016 sonor botaa prapokxokolor bhitorot aaseh 2017. 2017 sonor botaa prapokxokolor bhitorot aaseh 2018. 2018 sonor botaa bijoyih

nassa byatikrami prakaushal krititto podok 1981 saale mahakash baa mahakash onusondhaner lakkhya orjone aswabhabikbhabe ullekhjoggo prakaushal abodanke swikriti deoar jonno nassa byatikrami prakaushal krititto podok (sangkhepe ee. ee. emm) protistha korey. eyi puroskarti engineering neeti baa poddhotir proyoger jonno byaktigato prochestar jonno deoa hoy jaar foley eyi khettre moulik gurutter abodan royeche baa eyi khettro somporke ullekhjoggobhabe bodhgamyata briddhi peyeche baa mahakash byabasthai proyoger madhyome onushiloner abosthake ullekhjoggobhabe unnoto koreche. samprotik prapok. 2006. 2006 saaler puraskar prapokder modhye royeche 2007. 2007 saaler puraskar prapokder modhye royeche 2008. 2008 saaler puraskar prapokder modhye royeche 2009. 2009 saaler puraskar prapokder modhye royeche 2010. 2010 saaler puraskar prapokder modhye royeche 2011. 2011 saaler puraskar prapokder modhye royeche 2012. 2012 saaler puraskar prapokder modhye royeche 2013. 2013 saaler puraskar prapokder modhye royeche 2014. 2014 saaler puraskar prapokder modhye royeche 2015. 2015 saaler puraskar prapokder modhye royeche 2016. 2016 saaler puraskar prapokder modhye royeche 2017. 2017 saaler puraskar prapokder modhye royeche 2018. 2018 saaler puraskar prapokgonoh

nassa asadharan ijneri seeddhi chandrak nassa dwara eronotical athavaa avkaash sanshodhan lakshyoni siddhima asamanya reete nondhpaatra ijneri yogadaanne maanyata aapvaa maate 1981maan nassa dwara asadharan ijneri seeddhi chandrak (sankshiptma ee. ee. aema.) nee sthaapnaa karvaamaa aavee hatee. aaa puraskar ijnerinaa siddhaanto athavaa paddhationaa upyog maatena vyaktigat prayaaso maate aapvama aave chhe, jeey aaa kshetramaa mulbhoot mahatvana yogdaanmaa parinamya chhe athavaa aaa kshetrani samjanma nondhpaatra vadhaaro karyo chhe athavaa aerospace systemsma application dwara darshaavya mujab practiceni sthiteene nondhpaatra reete aagad dhapavi chhe. taajetarnaa praaptkartaao. 2006. 2006naa puraskar vijetaoma nichenaano samaavesh thaay chheh 2007. 2007naa puraskar vijetaoma nichenaano samaavesh thaay chheh 2008. 2008naa puraskar vijetaoma nichenaano samaavesh thaay chheh 2009. 2009naa puraskar vijetaoma nichenaano samaavesh thaay chheh 2010. 2010naa puraskar vijetaoma nichenaano samaavesh thaay chheh 2011. 2011naa puraskar vijetaoma nichenaano samaavesh thaay chheh 2012. 2012naa puraskar vijetaoma nichenaano samaavesh thaay chheh 2013. 2013 puraskar vijetaoma nichenaano samaavesh thaay chheh 2014. 2014naa puraskar vijetaoma nichenaano samaavesh thaay chheh 2015. 2015naa puraskar vijetaoma nichenaano samaavesh thaay chheh 2016. 2016 puraskar vijetaoma nichenaano samaavesh thaay chheh 2017. 2017naa puraskar vijetaoma nichenaano samaavesh thaay chheh 2018. 2018 award melavnaraoh

nassa asadharan engineering upalabdhi padak nassa dwara 1981 mein vaimaaniki yaa antariksh anveshan lakshyon kii upalabdhi kii disha mein asamanya roop seey mahatvapurna engineering yogdan koo maanyata dene key liye nassa dwara asadharan engineering upalabdhi padak (sankshipt roop seey ee. ee. aim.) kii sthaapana kii gaee thee. yeh puraskar engineering siddhanton yaa vidhiyon key anuprayogon key liye vyaktigat prayason key liye diyaa jaataa haye jinake parinamswarup iss kshetra mein maulik mahatva kaa yogdan huaa haye yaa iss kshetra kii samajh mein kaafee vriddhi hui haye yaa aerospace system key liye ack anuprayog dwara pradarshit abhyaas kii sthiti mein kaafee pragati hui haye. haal hii mein praaptakarta. 2006. 2006 key puraskar praaptakartaon mein shamil hainh 2007. 2007 key puraskar praaptakartaon mein shamil hainh 2008. 2008 key puraskar praaptakartaon mein shamil hainh 2009. 2009 key puraskar praaptakartaon mein shamil hainh 2010. 2010 key puraskar praaptakartaon mein shamil hainh 2011. 2011 key puraskar praaptakartaon mein shamil hainh 2012. 2012 key puraskar praaptakartaon mein shamil hainh 2013. 2013 key puraskar praaptakartaon mein shamil hainh 2014. 2014 key puraskar praaptakartaon mein shamil hainh 2015. 2015 key puraskar praaptakartaon mein shamil hainh 2016. 2016 key puraskar praaptakartaon mein shamil hainh 2017. 2017 key puraskar praaptakartaon mein shamil hainh 2018. 2018 puraskar praaptakartaah

nassa asadharana engineering sadhane padaka aeronatical athawa bahyakasha parishodhane gurigala saadhanege asamanyavagi gamanarhavada engineering kodugegalannu gurutisalu 1981 ralli nassa asadharana engineering sadhane padakavannu (sankshiptavaagi eem) sthaapisitu. ee kshetradalli moolabhoota pramukhyateya kodugeyannu needida athawa ee kshetrada bagge gamanarhavagi tiluvalikeyannu hechchisida athawa aerospace vyavasthegalige anvayisuva moolaka pradarshisidante abhyaasada sthitiyannu gamanarhavagi abhivraddhipadisida engineering tatvagalu athawa vidhaanagala anvayikegaligaagi vaiyaktika prayatnagaligaagi ee prashastiyannu nidalaaguttade. ittichina svikarisuvavaru. 2006. 2006rahra prashasti vijetaru ee kelaginavugalannu olagondiddaareh 2007. 2007rahra prashasti vijetaru ee kelaginavugalannu olagondiddaareh 2008. 2008rahra prashasti vijetaru ee kelaginavugalannu olagondiddaareh 2009. 2009rahra prashasti vijetaru ee kelaginavugalannu olagondiddaareh 2010. 2010rahra prashasti vijetaru ee kelaginavugalannu olagondiruttaareh 2011. 2011rahra prashasti vijetaru ee kelaginavugalannu olagondiddaareh 2012. 2012rahra prashasti vijetaru ee kelaginavugalannu olagondiruttaareh 2013. 2013rahra prashasti vijetaru ee kelaginavugalannu olagondiddaareh 2014. 2014rahra prashasti vijetaru ee kelaginavugalannu olagondiddaareh 2015. 2015rahra prashasti vijetaru ee kelaginavugalannu olagondiddaareh 2016. 2016rahra prashasti vijetaru ee kelaginavugalannu olagondiddaareh 2017. 2017rahra prashasti vijetaru ee kelaginavugalannu olagondiddaareh 2018. 2018rahra prashasti vijetaru

naasayude asaadhaarana enchiniyaring netta medel aeronotical allengil bahirakasha paryaveshana lakshyangal kaivarikkunnathinu asaadhaaranamaaya enchiniyaring sambhavanakal amgeekarikkunnathinaayi 1981 ll naasa asaadhaarana enchiniyaring acheevment medel (churukkatthil eeyam) sthaapichu. eee mekhalayil adisthaana praadhaanyamulla sambhaavanaykk kaaranamaayatho eee mekhalayekkurichu ganyamaayi mechappetta daaranayullatho allengil aerospace sistangalilekkulla oru aaplikkeshan pradharshippichathupole parisheelanatthinte avasthaye ganyamaayi vikasippichatho aaya enchiniyaring thathwangalo reethikalo prayogikkunnathinulla vyakthigatha sramangalkkaanu eee award nalkunnathu. sameepakaala sweekarthaakkal. 2006. 2006 leeii award jethaakkalil iva ulppedunnu 2007. 2007 leeii award jethaakkalil iva ulppedunnu 2008. 2008 puraskaara jethaakkalil iva ulppedunnu 2009. 2009 leeii puraskaara jethaakkalil iva ulppedunnu 2010. 2010 puraskaara jethaakkalil iva ulppedunnu 2011. 2011 leeii puraskaara jethaakkalil iva ulppedunnu 2012. 2012 puraskaara jethaakkalil iva ulppedunnu 2013. 2013 puraskaara jethaakkalil iva ulppedunnu 2014. 2014 puraskaara jethaakkalil iva ulppedunnu 2015. 2015 puraskaara jethaakkalil iva ulppedunnu 2016. 2016 puraskaara jethaakkalil iva ulppedunnu 2017. 2017 puraskaara jethaakkalil iva ulppedunnu 2018. 2018 puraskaara jethaakkal

nasache apavadatmak abhiyantriki kamgiri padak nasachya apavadatmak abhiyantriki kamgiri padak (sankshiptapane eae. eae. emm.) chee sthapana nasane 1981 madhye vimanchalan kinwa antaral sanshodhan uddishte sadhya karnyasathi asamanyapane mahattvapoorn abhiyantriki yogdanala manyata denyasathi kelee hotee. abhiyantriki tattvanchya kinwa paddhatinchya vaparasathi vaiyaktik prayatnansathi haah puraskar deela jaato, jyacha parinam yaa kshetrat moolbhut mahatva asalelya yogdanat jhaala aahe kinwa yaa kshetrachi samaj lakshaniyaritya vadhali aahe kinwa aerospace pranalinchya anuprayogadvare darshavilyapramane prathechi sthitee lakshaniyaritya pragat kelee aahe. alikadil praptakarte. 2006. 2006 chya puraskar vijetyanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh 2007. 2007 chya puraskar vijetyanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh 2008. 2008 chya puraskar vijetyanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh 2009. 2009 chya puraskar vijetyanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh 2010. 2010 chya puraskar vijetyanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh 2011. 2011 chya puraskar vijetyanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh 2012. 2012 chya puraskar vijetyanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh 2013. 2013 chya puraskar vijetyanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh 2014. 2014 chya puraskar vijetyanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh 2015. 2015 chya puraskar vijetyanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh 2016. 2016 chya puraskar vijetyanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh 2017. 2017 chya puraskar vijetyanmadhye khaleel goshtincha samavesh aaheh 2018. 2018 puraskar vijeteh

nasako asadharan engineering upalabdhi padak nasale aeronautic wa antariksha anweshan lakshyaharuko upalabdhima asamanya rupma mahatwapurna engineering yogadanlai manyata dina sann 1981 maa nasadwara asadharan engineering upalabdhi padak (sankshiptama em) sthapana garieko thiyo. yo puraskar engineering siddhantaharu wa widhiharuko anuprayogka lagi wyaktigat prayasharuka lagi diinchha jasle yass kshetrama maulik mahatwako yogdan dieko chha wa yass kshetrako bujhaima ullekhaniya wriddhi gareko chha wa aerospace pranaliharuma anuprayogdwara pradarshan garieko abhyasko awasthalai ullekhaniya rupma unnat gareko chha. halaika praptakartaharu. 2006. sann 2006 ko puraskar praptakartaharuma samawesh chhanh 2007. sann 2007 ko puraskar praptakartaharuma samawesh chhanh 2008. sann 2008 ko puraskar praptakartaharuma samawesh chhanh 2009. sann 2009 ko puraskar praptakartaharuma samawesh chhanh 2010. sann 2010 ko puraskar praptakartaharuma samawesh chhanh 2011. 2011 puraskar praptakartaharuma samawesh chhanh 2012. 2012 puraskar praptakartaharuma samawesh chhanh 2013. sann 2013 ko puraskar praptakartaharuma samawesh chhanh 2014. sann 2014 ko puraskar praptakartaharuma samawesh chhanh 2015. sann 2015 ko puraskar praptakartaharuma samawesh chhanh 2016. sann 2016 ko puraskar praptakartaharuma samawesh chhanh 2017. 2017 puraskar praptakartaharuma samawesh chhanh 2018. sann 2018 ko puraskar praptakartah

nassa asadharana injinijaring saphalata padaka aeronatical kimba spaces exploration lakhya hassel digare aswabhabika gurutwapurna injinijaring abadanaku swekruti deba paain nassa dwara 1981 ray nassa asadharana injinijaring saphalata padaka (sankhiptare ee. ee. emm) pratistha karajaithila. ehi puraskara injinijaring neeti kimba paddhatira prajoga paain byaktigata prayasa paain diajae jaahaa ehi khetrare moulika gurutwapurna yogdan deichi kimba ehi khetra bishajare yathesta bujhamana brudhi karichhi kimba aerospace sistamare eka prajoga dwara pradarshita abhyasara sthitiku ullekhaneeah bhabare unnat karichhi . nikatare praptakartta. 2006. 2006 puraskara prapta byaktimananka madhyare achantih 2007. 2007 puraskara prapta byaktimananka madhyare achantih 2008. 2008 puraskara prapta byaktimananka madhyare achantih 2009. 2009 puraskara prapta byaktimananka madhyare achantih 2010. 2010 puraskara prapta byaktimananka madhyare achantih 2011. 2011 puraskara prapta byaktimananka madhyare achantih 2012. 2012 puraskara prapta byaktimananka madhyare achantih 2013. 2013 puraskara prapta byaktimananka madhyare achantih 2014. 2014 puraskara prapta byaktimananka madhyare achantih 2015. 2015 puraskara prapta byaktimananka madhyare achantih 2016. 2016 puraskara prapta byaktimananka madhyare achantih 2017. 2017 puraskara prapta byaktimananka madhyare achantih 2018. 2018 puraskara prapta byaktih

naasa daa bemisal engineering prapati tamga naasa duaara asadharan engineering prapati maddle (sankhep roop witch ee. ee. aimm.) dee sathapana 1981 witch naasa duaara aeronautical jaan pulad khoj teechiaan dee prapati witch asdharan mahattavpuran engineering yogdan noon maanta denh laee keeti gaee see. ih puraskar engineering sidhantan jaan tarikiaan dey upyog laee viaktigat yatnan laee ditta jaanda haii jinhan dey natije vajon iss khetar witch buniaadi mahattav daa yogdan paaiaa giaa haii jaan iss khetar dee samajh witch kaafi vaadha hoiaa haii jaan abhiaas dee sathiti noon mahattavpuran roop witch agge vadhaiaa haii jiven kii aerospace pranaliaan laee ikk application duaara pradarshit keeta giaa haii. haal hii witch prapatkarta. 2006. 2006 dey puraskar prapat curran valiaan witch shamal hann 2007. 2007 dey puraskar prapat curran valiaan witch shamal hann 2008. 2008 dey puraskar jetuaan witch shamal hann 2009. 2009 dey puraskar jetuaan witch shamal hann 2010. 2010 dey puraskar prapat curran valiaan witch shamal hann 2011. 2011 dey puraskar jetuaan witch shamal hann 2012. 2012 dey puraskar jetuaan witch shamal hann 2013. 2013 dey puraskar jetuaan witch shamal hann 2014. 2014 dey puraskar jetuaan witch shamal hann 2015. 2015 dey puraskar jetuaan witch shamal hann 2016. 2016 dey puraskar jetuaan witch shamal hann 2017. 2017 dey puraskar jetuaan witch shamal hann 2018. 2018 puraskar jetua

nassa-vishesha-abhiyaantriki-upalabdhi-padakam nassa-samsthayaa 1981 tame varshe, aeronatical athavaa space-exploration-lakshyanam siddheh krute asaamaany-mahattvapoorna-abhiyaantriki-yogadanasya manyatam praaptum, nassa-samsthayaa, nassa-samsthayaa, asaadhaaran-abhiyaantriki-upalabdhi-padakasya (sankshiptam ee. ee. emm.) sthapana krutaa. ayam puraskaarah abhiyaantriki-siddhantanam vaa paddhatyoho vaa prayogartham vyaktigataprayaasebhyah deeyate, yasya parinaamen asmin kshetre moolabhoot-mahattvasya yogadam praaptam asti athavaa asya kshetrasya vishaye mahattvapoornam bodham vardhitam asti athavaa abhyasasya avasthaam mahattvapoornaroopena unnatam asti, yat aerospace-pranalyam upayoktrudwara pradarshitam asti. sadyah praapakaah. 2006. 2006 tame varshe puraskarapraptanam madhye antarbhavanti. 2007. 2007 tame varshe puraskarapraptanam madhye antarbhavanti. 2008. 2008 tame varshe puraskarapraptanam madhye antarbhavanti. 2009. 2009 tame varshe puraskarapraptanam madhye antarbhavanti. 2010. 2010 tame varshe puraskaraprapakanam madhye antarbhavanti - 2011. 2011 tame varshe puraskarapraptanam madhye antarbhavanti. 2012. 2012 tame varshe puraskarapraptanam madhye antarbhavanti. 2013. 2013 tame varshe puraskarapraptanam madhye antarbhavanti. 2014. 2014 tame varshe puraskarapraptanam madhye antarbhavanti. 2015. 2015 tame varshe puraskarapraptanam madhye antarbhavanti. 2016. 2016 tame varshe puraskarapraptanam madhye antarbhavanti. 2017. 2017 tame varshe puraskarapraptanam madhye antarbhavanti. 2018. 2018 puraskaraprapakaha

naasaavin vithivilakkaana poriiyal saathanai pathakkam naasaavin vithivilakkaana poriiyal saathanai pathakkam (surukkamaaga eem) 1981 aam aandil nasawal niruvappattathu, idhu vanoorthy allathu vinveli aaivu ilakkugalai adaivatharku vazhakkaththirku maaraaga kurippidatthakka poriiyal pankalippukalai angkeekarikkirathu. inthath thuraiyil adippadai mukkiyathuvam vaaintha pankalippai aerpaduththiya allathu inthath thuraiyaip pattriya purithalai kanisamaaga maempaduththiya allathu vinveli amaippugalukkaana payanpaattin moolam niroopikkappattapadi nadaimuraiyin nilaiyai kanisamaaga maempaduththiya poriiyal kolgaigal allathu muraigalin payanpaadugalukkaana thanipatta muyarchigalukkaaga inththa viruthu vazhangkappadukirathu. sameepathiya perunarkal. 2006. 2006 viruthu pettravarkal pinvarumaaru 2007. 2007 viruthu pettravarkal pinvarumaaru 2008. 2008 aam aandu viruthu pettravarkal pinvarumaaru 2009. 2009 viruthu pettravarkal pinvarumaaru 2010. 2010 viruthu pettravarkal pinvarumaaru 2011. 2011 viruthu pettravarkal pinvarumaaru 2012. 2012 viruthu pettravarkal pinvarumaaru 2013. 2013 viruthu pettravarkal pinvarumaaru 2014. 2014 viruthu pettravarkal pinvarumaaru 2015. 2015 viruthu pettravarkal pinvarumaaru 2016. 2016 viruthu pettravarkal pinvarumaaru 2017. 2017 viruthu pettravarkal pinvarumaaru 2018. 2018 viruthu pettravarkal

nassa asaadhaarana injaneering sadhana patakam aeronatical ledhaa antariksha anveshana lakshyalanu saadhinchadamlo asaadhaaranamaina injaneering sahakaranni gurtinchadaaniki nassa asaadhaaranamaina injaneering achievement medal (sankshiptamgaa eem) nuu 1981loe sthaapinchindi. eee rangamlo praathamika praamukhyata kaligina sahakaaraaniki daariteesina ledhaa eee rangam gurinchi gananeeyamgaa merugaina avagahana kaligi unna ledhaa aerospace vyavasthalaku anuvartanam dwara pradarsinchabadina vidhamgaa abhyasa sthithini gananeeyamgaa abhivruddhi chesina injaneering suutraalu ledhaa paddhatula anuvartanaala kosam vyaktigata prayatnaalaku eee avaardu ivvabadutundi. iteevali graheetalu. 2006. 2006 avaardu graheetalalo 2007. 2007 avaardu graheetalalo 2008. 2008 avaardu graheetalalo 2009. 2009 avaardu graheetalalo 2010. 2010 avaardu graheetalalo 2011. 2011 avaardu graheetalalo 2012. 2012 avaardu graheetalalo 2013. 2013 avaardu graheetalalo 2014. 2014 avaardu graheetalalo 2015. 2015 avaardu graheetalalo 2016. 2016 avaardu graheetalalo 2017. 2017 avaardu graheetalalo 2018. 2018 avaardu graheetalu

naasa kaa ghair mamuli engineering achument medal naasa kaa ghair mamuli engineering achument medal (mukhtasir toor parr ayee ayee ayee ayem) 1981 mein naasa kay zariah aeronatical yaa khalayi exploration kay ahdaaf kay hasool mein ghair mamuli toor parr aham engineering kii sharakat kuu tasleem karnay kay liye qayem kiyaa gayaa thaa. yaha aiward engineering kay asulon yaa tareeqon kay itlaaq kay liye infiradi koshishon kay liye diyaa jaataa hay jiss kay natijay mein iss shobay mein bunyadi ahmiyat kaa hasah rehaa hay yaa iss shobay kii tafheem mein numayan izafah hawaa hay yaa iss amal kii haalat kuu numayan toor parr aagay badhaya hay jaisa kahh airo spees systems parr darkhwast kay zariye zahir hotaa hay. haaliyah wasool kanandgan. 2006. 2006 kay aiward yaaftah afraad mein shaamil haine: 2007. 2007 kay aiward yaaftah afraad mein shaamil haine: 2008. 2008 kay aiward yaaftah afraad mein shaamil haine: 2009. 2009 kay aiward yaaftah afraad mein shaamil haine: 2010. 2010 kay aiward yaaftah afraad mein shaamil haine: 2011. 2011 kay aiward yaaftah afraad mein shaamil haine: 2012. 2012 kay aiward yaaftah afraad mein shaamil haine: 2013. 2013 kay aiward yaaftah afraad mein shaamil haine: 2014. 2014 kay aiward yaaftah afraad mein shaamil haine: 2015. 2015 kay aiward yaaftah afraad mein shaamil haine: 2016. 2016 kay aiward yaaftah afraad mein shaamil haine: 2017. 2017 kay aiward yaaftah afraad mein shaamil haine: 2018. 2018 kay aiward yaaftah:

00024a509fe0d359e9ee7c5ec059e5e970566c293f26630386d84f5177bace40

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki?curid=36422

violence

violence English. Etymology. From , from , from , from adjective , see . Displaced native . French. Etymology. , from , from the adjective , see . Middle English. Etymology. From , from . Old French. Etymology. Borrowed from .

hingxa ingraji. byutpotti. bixexonor poraa, poraa, poraa, poraa, sauk. sthanchyut sthaniyo. forasi. byutpotti. ,ror poraa, bixexonor poraa, sauk. modhyo ingraji. byutpotti. poraa, poraa. puroni forasi. byutpotti. taar poraa rino luwa.

hingsa ingrezi. byutpatti. theke, theke, theke, biseshon theke, dekhun. bastuchyuto sthaniya. farasi. byutpatti. , theke, biseshon theke, dekhun. modhyo ingrezi. byutpatti. theke, theke. prachin farasi. byutpatti. theke dhaar neoa.

hinsa angreji. vyutpatti. maanthi, maanthi, thee, visheshanmathi, juo. visthapit mool vatnee. french. vyutpatti. , maanthi, visheshanmathi, juo. madhya angreji. vyutpatti. thee, thee. juunii french. vyutpatti. pasethi udhaar leedhu.

hinsa angrezi. vyutpatti. seey, seey, seey, visheshan seey, dekhein. visthaapit mool nivasi. francisi. vyutpatti. , seey, visheshan seey, dekhein. madhya angreji. vyutpatti. seey, seey. purana francisi. vyutpatti. seey udhaar liya.

himsachara inglish. vyutpatti. gunavachakadinda, ninda, ninda, nodi. sthalaantaragonda sthaliya. french. vyutpatti. , ninda, visheshanadinda, nodi. madhya inglish. vyutpatti. ninda, ninda. haleya french. vyutpatti. avarinda saala padediddene.

akramam engleesh. padavyuthpathishaasthram. visheshanathil ninnu, ninnu, ninnu, nokkuka. naadukadatthappetta thaddeseeyan. franch. padavyuthpathishaasthram. , muthal, naamavaachakatthil ninnu, kaanuka. madhya engleesh. padavyuthpathishaasthram. muthal, muthal. pazhaya franch. padavyuthpathishaasthram. kadam vaangi.

hinsacharachi ingraji. vyutpatti. pasoon, pasoon, pasoon, visheshanatun, pahaa. visthapit moolche. french. vyutpatti. , pasoon, visheshanatun, pahaa. madhya ingraji. vyutpatti. pasoon, pasoon. june french. vyutpatti. tyanchyakadun karj ghetale.

hinsa angreji. wyutpatti. dekhi, dekhi, dekhi, visheshanbata, hernuhos. wisthapit muel niwasi. francelli. wyutpatti. , dekhi, visheshanbata, hernuhos. madhya angreji. wyutpatti. batt, batt. purano francelli. wyutpatti. batt rina lieko how.

hinsa ingraji. byutpatti. bisheshanaru, thaaru, thaaru, bisheshanaru, dekhantu. bisthapita sthaniah. farasi. byutpatti. , ru, bisheshanaru, dekhantu. madhya ingraji. byutpatti. ru, ru. puruna farasi. byutpatti. thaaru runa.

hinsa angrezi. shabdawali. visheshan toon, toon, toon, toon, dekho. visthapit mool nivasi. franch. shabdawali. , toon, visheshan toon, dekho. maddh angrezi. shabdawali. toon, toon. purani francisi. shabdawali. toon udhaar liaa.

himsaa anglabhashayam. vyutpattih. visheshanaat, ityatah, ityatah, pashyatu. sthaanabhrashtah deshavaasinah. french-bhashayam. vyutpattih. , taha, visheshanaat, pashyatu. madhya-anglabhashayam. vyutpattih. ityatah, ityatah. praacheenam french-bhashayam. vyutpattih. runam cha.

vanmurai aangkilam. sorpirappiyal. irunthu, irunthu, irunthu, peyaradai irunthu, paarkkavum. idampeyarntha poorveegam. pirenchu. sorpirappiyal. , irunthu, peyaradai irunthu, paarkkavum. naduththara aangkilam. sorpirappiyal. irunthu, irunthu. pazhaiya pirenchu. sorpirappiyal. cuddon vaankinaar.

himsa aanglam. vyutpatti. nundi, nundi, nundi, visaeshanhamu nundi, chudandi. sthaanabhramsham chendina sthaanika. french. vyutpatti. , nundi, visaeshanhamu nundi, chudandi. madhya aanglam. vyutpatti. nundi, nundi. puraatana french. vyutpatti. nundi runam teesukunnaru.

tashdad angrezi. siftiyat. say say say sifat say dekhein. bay gahar maqami. francisi. siftiyat. yee say sifat say dekhein. darmiyani angrezi. siftiyat. say say. qadeem francisi. siftiyat. say qarz liyaa.