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The invention pertains to the field of motion damping devices used with submerged marine instrumentation for damping instrumentation movement and displacement due to wave and water motion. In underwater transducer and hydrophone installations, such as in a sonobuoy system for detecting submarine sounds and the like, the provision of a substantially stable platform for the hydrophone is of prime importance in order to reduce extraneous noises and signals and permit the most accurate sound pressure wave input characteristics. The purpose of sonobuoy suspension systems is to attenuate the vertical motion imparted by surface wave action to a hydrophone platform as motion of the hydrophone due to surface wave action will result in the generation of spurious low frequency signals. The attenuation system itself must not produce low frequency lateral motion oscillation such as those commonly found in objects suspended in ocean currents resulting from periodic shedding of vortices in the flowing fluid. In a free floating sonobuoy system it is also important that a high drag concentration in the vicinity of the hydrophone platform be produced to reduce the relative velocity of the flow past the hydrophone to minimize the magnitude of any occurring flow noise as well as reducing the frequency of the noise associated with boundry layer transition on the hydrophone surfaces. Additionally, the magnitude and frequency of any unavoidable motion associated with vortex shedding is simultaneously reduced. Improved transducer suspension systems have been achieved by the utilization of complaint members such as shown in the assignee's U.S. Pat. No. 3,377,615. Additionally, the utilization of specialized configurations in floating and buoy systems for stabilization purposes are known as shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,191,202, 3,500,783, 3,510,892 and 3,543,228. However, a damper assembly for use with submerged hydrophone assemblies wherein a mass damper of an effective construction capable of being concisely stored has not been previously successfully achieved.

(1) Field of the invention The invention is directed to the method of packaging and preserving perishable products after being packaged by purging the package of air after the perishable product is packaged and substituting an inert fluid for the air. (2) Description of the prior art Applicant is not aware of prior art directed to the method herein disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention This invention pertains to new and novel improvements in motor vehicles, and more particularly to a heavy duty vehicle such as a tractor-trailer truck combination. 2. Statement of the Prior Art It has heretofore been proposed to provide removable sub-chassis assemblies for motor vehicles. Examples of prior patented arrangements in the field include the following U.S. patents: Patent No. Patentee Issued ______________________________________ 1,198,388 Winslow Sept. 12, 1916 1,484,474 Cross Feb. 19, 1924 1,855,642 Masury Apr. 26, 1932 1,948,744 Curtiss Feb. 27, 1934 1,962,937 Richman June 12, 1934 1,975,366 Linderman Oct. 2, 1934 2,260,804 Dunham Oct. 28, 1941 2,480,047 Reinhard Aug. 23, 1949 2,531,268 Herrington Nov. 21, 1950 2,751,992 Nallinger June 26, 1956 ______________________________________ The foregoing illustrative patents show that prior attempts to provide a removable vehicle chassis sub-frame have been concerned principally with engines mounted either at the forward or rear end of the chassis, thereby imposing the weight of the engine and transmission principally on either a forward or a rear axle.

1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a device designed to improve a golfer's grip on a golf club, and more particularly, to a device to assist a golfer in maintaining the proper position of the fingers of one hand with respect to the other hand on the club during the entire swing of the golf club. 2. Description of the Prior Art From the prior art, a number of glove configurations and other devices are known for improving a player's grip on a golf club or to assure the proper positioning of the player's hands on the golf club. Such include gloves with special attachments for holding a player's fingers in position with respect to the palm of the hand, and gloves having straps adapted to fit around a golf club or to fit around the thumb of a player's opposite hand. One prior art device comprises a two-handed glove to force the two hands of a player to remain in a fixed position relative to each other. As is well-known, a golfer adjusts his grip on the golf club and aligns the head of the golf club with the ball, while holding the club in front of himself. In aligning the head of the club with the ball, the player turns the club such that the face of the club's head is at the proper angle relative to the ball. It has become apparent, however, that during the swing, a player has a tendency to twist the club somewhat changing the carefully adjusted angle of the head relative to the ball. While a player may have a firm grip on the club while starting the back swing, as for example in an overlapping grip, there is a tendency for the fingers of the right hand of a right-handed player to move away from the fingers of the left and just prior to beginning the down swing in preparation for hitting the ball. Such loosening of the grip has a tendency to cause the club to twist, causing a change in the angle of the face of the club's head when it comes in contact with the ball. Prior art gloves which are directed to maintaining a strong grip by means of the left hand do not aid in maintaining a proper position of the fingers of the right hand on the club. Certain prior art devices such as the two-handed glove mentioned above, or another known device consisting of a relatively thin sheet of flexible material which fits around the glove and having holes through which fingers of both hands are extended, are intended to fix the position of the fingers of both hands. They are, at best, awkward to use or difficult to manufacture, or both.

This invention relates to juvenile furniture hardware. It relates more particularly to an improved leg lock for a crib, playpen or other height adjustable enclosure. There is a growing awareness of the need to make juvenile furniture even safer for children. In the specific case of height-adjustable cribs and pens, considerable attention is being paid to making the crib less subject to being collapsed accidentally. Some prior crib leg locks comprise a spring loaded pin mounted on a strap connected to the crib corner post and arranged to engage in openings in the extensible leg. When the pin is retracted the leg is free to move. These spring loaded locks are disadvantageous because they can be released by the child in the crib. Other cribs avoid this problem by securing the extensible leg to the corner post by passing a bolt through the corner post and leg and turning down a wingnut or threaded knob on the bolt to prevent the two from moving. In some cases, the bolt opening through the extensible leg is an elongated slot so that it is only necessary to loosen the nut in order to move the leg. In other instances, the bolt has to be completely removed in order to reposition the leg. These prior constructions are not entirely satisfactory because in the former instance the crib is subject to accidental collapse if the nut should loosen, while in the latter case it takes a considerable amount of time and trouble to readjust the height of the crib.

This invention relates to an assembly usable as a boat or as an accessory with sailboats and powerboats and may be employed for many purposes to add to the comfort, convenience and safety of the boating public. The assembly may also be used as a vehicle on land or ice. It is known in the prior art to use the weight of water as a counterbalance or ballast in a sailboat. Furthermore, there are many different types of accessories which may be employed for different uses. For example, liquid storage tanks, portable showers, pontoons, lifting mechanisms, sea anchors and pitch and roll stabilizers are all available in the prior art. A boatsman who wishes to have the benefits of all these accessories must necessarily have the storage room available on board his boat. The presence of all these different types of accessories creates an obvious problem aboard whether the boat is at dock or underway. Therefore, it is likely that some of these items would not be placed on board by the boatsman. Consequently, it is very likely that safety risks would not be mitigated in any way and that some inconveniences would be suffered by the boatsman. Where a boat is anchored offshore, it is necessary to have some sort of dinghy so that the boatsman may get back and forth between the shore and his boat. Until now, it was necessary for the boatsman to purchase an additional small boat which must be either placed on board or left anchored at the offshore location. When left at the offshore location, there is obviously no further use that may be attributed to such an accessory. Finally, there is a marked increase in the number of people who are water sport enthusiasts. Consequently, there are many unskilled people participating in activities in this area. They are demanding equipment which will provide them both with fun and relaxation without their being exposed to a high safety risk. In addition, it is human nature to tire quickly of performing the same kind of activity again and again. In other words, people maintain their interest in certain activities when there is a variety of experiences opened to them. For example, the prior art now provides inflatable boats on which a motor or a sail may be placed for movement. Collapsible catamaran assemblies are available. Collapsible pontoon structures which may be inflated on location are also available in the prior art. These prior art structures provide a means for the consumer to have a fairly small investment and provide him with a highly transportable device for enjoying his water sports. However, each of these prior art assemblies provides only one type of activity. Until now, no construction has been available wherein the recreational enthusiast may also perform several different functions by effecting a simple mechanical manipulation thereto.

This invention relates to automobile washing apparatuses and in particular to the means for automatically conveying an automobile through the apparatus. One of the problem areas with automatic washing of automobiles is the thorough cleaning of the wheels and it has become the practice to spin the wheels at a rate more rapid than that related to the travel of the automobile to assure that there is a full circumferential washing of the wheel. As the wheel is spinning, a brush is placed into contact with the wheel and appropriate solvent is introduced at the scrubbing area and thus the entire wheel is washed. When the wheel is being washed and rotated at a rapid rate, the apparatus which is used to urge a car through the washing mechanism is temporarily disengaged or the chain carrying the auto contacting mechanism must be momentarily halted. It becomes obvious that to halt the chain or to disengage the driving mechanism for any reason causes the overall washing operation to move at a slower pace, thus greatly decreasing the potential profit by lowering the per hour capacity of the washing mechanism. With the above noted problems in mind, it is desirable to have a conveyor system wherein the automobile is continuously engaged by the conveyor mechanism throughout the entire washing operation and the automobile passes through all of the various stations at the washer apparatus at a constant rate. It is an object, therefore, of the present invention to provide a conveyor mechanism which is adapted to continuously urge an automobile through automatic washing apparatus. It is another object of the present invention to provide an automobile conveyor in conjunction with a wheel spinner whereby the conveyor continuously urges the automobile through the wheel spinning apparatus and is adapted to flex passing beneath and providing sufficient clearance for the driving mechanism for the wheel spinning apparatus. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a dog or pusher means for use on a conveyor chain incorporated in an automobile washing apparatus, the dog means normally rides in a position adjacent its carrying chains, below the automobile supporting surface but is selectively moved to a position whereat it extends above the automobile and urges the automobile through the washing apparatus. A further object of the present invention is to provide a wheel washing apparatus for use in conjunction with an automatic automobile washing mechanism wherein the wheel washing apparatus is adapted to automatically accommodate automobiles having different wheel widths.

This invention relates generally to removable attachments for paintbrushes, and more particularly to an attachment device for use on a paintbrush to assist in forming straight uniform edges at the interface of intersecting surfaces and allow application of paint to the intended surface while preventing unintentional smearing of paint of the other surface, commonly referred to as "cutting-in." This operation of "cutting-in," i.e., painting up to the edge of one surface where it intersects with the edge of another surface without smearing paint and still obtaining a straight even edge is one of the more difficult techniques, especially for amateur, or do-it-yourself painters. Good smooth mating surfaces which are straight and which are free of smeared paint present a very pleasing appearance and add greatly to the attractiveness of any paint job. These surfaces often are where a ceiling meets the walls with the ceiling and walls being painted a different color, thus requiring a good straight even interface. There have been many different prior art proposals for devices which are adapted to be applied to or used in conjunction with paintbrushes to assist in "cutting-in." However, each of these devices have suffered certain serious drawbacks which have prevented any of them from gaining widespread acceptance or use. For example, many of them are difficult to apply to the paintbrush or can be adapted only to one size paintbrush or require special fittings to be applied to the paintbrush. Also, many of them do not allow for easy dipping of the brush into the paint can without smearing on the device and therefore detracting from its usefulness. Also, many of these devices are awkward to use and in some cases must be separated from the paintbrush thereby requiring two hands to do the operation.

The present invention relates to a bottle insert for sealing between a reservoir assembly and an applicator in a product container, especially such an insert for providing a noncylindrical wiping action over a comb type applicator tip. Bottle inserts are utilized in reservoir assemblies containing products for a wide variety of purposes, such as cosmetics, paint, glue, or medicine and these products can be in many different forms, such as liquid, gel, or compressed powder. The applicator is detachably joined to the reservoir assembly with the bottle insert providing a seal to preclude leakage of the product therebetween. A tip extends from the applicator on a shaft to contact the product within the reservoir assembly. As the applicator is withdrawn from the reservoir assembly to dispense the product, the bottle insert provides a wiping action thereover in most product containers. Many bottle inserts having compressible sealing rims are known in the prior art. However, such rims can be squeezed from the sealing interface within the product container when the reservoir assembly and applicator thereof are joined with excessive pressure. Because leaks are likely to develop at each void where the rim is squeezed from the sealing interface, problems have been encountered with product containers utilizing such inserts. The wiping action of the bottle insert removes excess product from the applicator and controls the amount of product that is dispensed on the tip thereof. Many different types of applicator tips are known and although most of these types require a cylindrical wiping action, some require a noncylindrical wiping action. Applicator tips which require a cylindrical wipe include those having bristles arranged either radially or longitudinally from the applicator shaft, those having only grooves in the shaft, those utilizing either felt or cellular materials and those having a combination of such bristles, grooves and felt or cellular materials. The most commonly used applicator tip which requires a noncylindrical wipe is the type having a number of rigid combs disposed along the applicator shaft with teeth extending radially therefrom on each comb. Because the product is only dispensed from between the teeth on each comb of this tip, it is necessary to wipe across each comb and between all adjacent combs. A cylindrical wipe is generally applied by a wiping diaphragm which has a centrally located aperture and which flexes to expand the aperture in exerting radial forces of equal magnitude around the applicator tip. The noncylindrical wipe over the comb type tip is generally applied by a wiping diaphragm which has slits extending therethrough in a radial direction from a centrally located aperture therein and on which separate portions flex between adjacent combs when the combs are passed through the slits. Because the structural and functional characteristics of these wiping diaphragms are very different, no bottle insert has yet been devised for adapting to provide either the cylindrical or noncylindrical wipe corresponding with the type of applicator tip that is selected for use in the product container. Furthermore, many difficulties are encountered with the bottle inserts known in prior art for providing the noncylindrical wipe over comb type tips. These difficulties arise mainly because the desired wiping action is only attained when the combs have been aligned to pass through the slits of the wiping diaphragm. Since the slits are visually inaccessible on the wiping diaphragm in the direction of applicator withdrawal from the product container, such alignment is accomplished only by turning the applicator while applying a force thereto in the direction of withdraw. If too much force is applied, the combs do not pass through the slits and a poor wiping action results. Damage also occurs to the wiping diaphragm from repeatedly passing the applicator therethrough with the combs misaligned from the slits.

The present invention relates to a new and improved construction of floor cleaning machine constructed in the form of a carriage or mobile car equipped with a shaft or center pole and having at least one motor-driven cleaning implement or tool, such as a brush or pad, rotating about a substantially verical axis for the wet cleaning or scrubbing of the floor or the like. The cleaning machine of this development is of the type wherein a regulatable quantity of fresh water which is admixed with a suitable cleaning agent flows-out from a fresh water supply per unit of time to the region of the cleaning implement or tool, the cleaning machine then works such fresh water-cleaning agent mixture by means of the cleaning implement on the floor and the resultant soiled or contaminated water is sucked-up from the floor and collected in a separate soiled or contaminated water container. The invention particularly also relates to features of components belonging to the air-water circulation system. Equipment of the aforementioned type are partially employed in those situations where it is cumbersome to travel each time with the machine to the next drain and to a water tap, for instance when traveling over door thresholds, stairs and so forth, for the purpose of emptying the contaminated or soiled water container and replenishing the fresh water supply. Hence, machines have become known to the art wherein the water containers can be disconnected from the machine and are portable. If the containers are fixedly installed in the machine then there is required as an accessory device a separate portable container. Machines having two loose containers impair the compactness, yet however are required in use because both the spatial requirements (available space), the surface dimension (cleaning) and the weight (transport, handling, material costs) should be maintained as small as possible.

It is to be understood that the present invention pertains to removing skin from the backs of poultry and fowl including old and young chickens, at least small turkeys, ducks, and guineas, but for simplicity; the same are hereinafter defined by the generic term "poultry". In the commercial processing of poultry for human consumption, after removal of the more choice members of the carcass, such as the breasts, thighs, and/or legs, wings, and necks, the one remaining carcass member is the back section. Since the back member contains a relatively scant amount of lean meat thereon, the meat recovered therefrom has traditionally been employed in combination with other foodstuff ingredients in the preparation of various types of chicken soups and similar products. However, with the advent of a recent government ruling, a certain amount of lean poultry meat may be incorporated into the compounding of frankfurters, as long as the percentage of lean meat so incorporated therein does not exceed an allowable predetermined percentage, whereby the label on such frankfurters which contain such poultry meat therein within the allowable percentage, may indicate that such frankfurters contain all meat. The aforementioned government ruling has thus created a new market and new demand for the relatively inexpensive back meat of poultry which heretofore was utilized in the preparation of other less expensive foodstuffs. The subject of the instant invention comprises a machine which is designed to automatically remove the kidneys and fatty skin tissue from a series of poultry back carcass members introduced to the machine, so that the processed carcass members delivered from the machine may be employed in foodstuffs in regard to which the controlling regulations require that the poultry meat so utilized comprises only lean, fat-free flesh. Although various mechanical devices have heretofore been disclosed in patents wherein pairs of rollers having intermeshing helical ribs have been used to remove skin from poultry gizzards, such devices have not included means to accommodate poultry back members or otherwise suggested the use of such machines to remove skin from poultry back members. Further, while conveyance means similar to those employed in the instant invention and by which poultry back carcass members are transported from the infeed section, through various processing stations of the machine, to the delivery of said machine are shown in prior patents, they are for a different purpose and thus are patentably distinguishable from the present invention. For example, the conveyance mechanism shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,406,425 to Hill, dated Oct. 22, 1968, and comprising an endless chain impaling conveyor means engages and delivers poultry gizzard members to a set of inwardly and oppositely rotating course gear members in axial alignment with a second set of connected helical gear members, whereby said gizzards are subjected to a skinning operation which macerates the skins. Hence, while the instant invention incorporates a conveyance and skinning operation which has some similarity to that disclosed in the patent to Hill, the sequence of processing events and the processing results obtained by the instant invention are significantly different from those results obtained by the Hill disclosure. Other patent disclosures also exist which show the employment of helical gear means to remove the skin from poultry gizzard members and macerate the skin. Among such disclosures are those shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,099,038 to Platt, dated July 30, 1963, as well as U.S. Pat. No. 3,480,991 to Edwards, dated Dec. 2, 1969, and in another patent to Edwards, U.S. Pat. No. 3,579,714 dated May 25, 1971. Again, as heretofore pointed out, the disclosures in the three aforementioned patents specifically employ helical gear means to remove and macerate the protective skin covering from poultry gizzard members. Therefore, since the helical gear members employed in the instant invention are utilized for accomplishing the removal of different skin coverings from different poultry members and include different additional handling mechanism from that of said patents, the present invention is patentably distinguishable from the means disclosed in the aforementioned patents. Mechanical means for removing the tail section of a poultry back member are revealed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,714,682 to Harben, dated Feb. 6, 1973, wherein poultry back carcass members are individually and manually positioned in the guide section of a set of roller means, one of the rollers of said set having cutting blades affixed thereto, whereby the rotatable engagement of said cutting roller with the tail section of said back carcass members result in the severing of said tail section from said carcass member. Although the end result is the same, i.e., removal of the tail section from the back carcass member by mechanical means, the mechanical means employed in the instant invention and the manner of positioning the tail section for removal, are readily and patentably distinguished over the disclosure shown in the Harben patent. The vacuum removal of kidneys also has also long been known in the art as set forth in the disclosures in U.S. Pat. No. 3,451,097 to Knight, dated June 24, 1969, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,769,656 to Jahnke, dated Nov. 6, 1973. However, the disclosures set forth in the two aforementioned patents relate to manually operable vacuum devices for the removal of kidneys and other visceral members from the carcass of a chicken or similar type fowl. The absence of automatic viscera membrane retaining severing means, as well as automatic vacuum removal of exposed viscera, neither of which are shown in the patent disclosures of Knight or Jahnke likewise distinguishes the instant invention over these previous two disclosures. As heretofore pointed out the instant invention is distinguishable from said earlier inventions in one or more ways in that the present invention has utility features and new and useful advantages, applications, and improvements in the art of processing mechanism to remove skin from poultry back members not hereintofore disclosed, as set forth hereinafter.

Various methods have been employed heretofore in mechanically pulling the hides from meat animals, as a step in the processing of meat on a rapid production basis. According to one method, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,626,550, a carcass is suspended by the hind legs and mechanical means are provided for stripping a loosened hide from the hindquarters toward the head. In this patent, electric stimulus is employed to cause carcass muscle contraction, which is said to stiffen the carcass and facilitate progressive removal of the hide from the body and the skull as a continuous operation. A somewhat similar operation is disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,537,130. The prior methods above mentioned have been employed both with and without the aid of electric stimulus, with varying degrees of success. In some forms of mechanical apparatus for hide removal, the hide stripping operation commenced at the skull and progressed toward the hindquarters. This usually entailed a preliminary burden of skillful hand knifing at the skull, as well as along the sides of the carcass, without decreasing the liklihood of damage to the hide, flesh, and spine of the carcass. Such devices usually pulled the hide laterally then upwardly toward the hindquarters of the suspended carcass, as disclosed in a general way by the drawings hereto appended.

There is a definite need for inexpensive holding straps for any desired purpose e.g., wrist watch straps, belts, head bands, and binding and strapping means in general, and it is the object of the present invention to provide a very inexpensively manufactured, long lasting strap having a connection that is easily operated and holds positively against longitudinal pull.

Slub catchers and tensioning devices are the subject matter of numerous patents. In a recently issued U.S. Pat. No. 3,769,668 a device combining slub catching and tensioning was designed to enable reducing the distance involved in obtaining both slub removal and tensioning in one passage of the yarn as distinguished from most prior yarn processing apparatus wherein the slub removal and tensioning are performed at two different places along the path of the yarn travel. The combination device as shown in the aforesaid patent is embodied in a slub removing apparatus such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,461,520, 3,501,820 and 3,543,357, wherein a plurality of narrow blades are supported transversely of the path of movement of the yarn at one side thereof and a single rigid bar supported longitudinally of the path of movement of the yarn at the other side and there is means for yieldably supporting the narrow blades for individual displacement and means for moving the entire array of narrow blades toward and from the rigid bar to change the width of the yarn passage. This invention is concerned with an improved structure for varying the width of the yarn passage, and improved means for applying tension to the yarn as it travels through the passage.

The invention relates to an apparatus for processing yarn packages for dyeing and, in particular, to an apparatus for replacing a relatively impervious transfer core of a yarn package with a dye penetrating foraminous core. Yarn that has been processed for dyeing may be in the form of bulked continuous filament thermoplastic yarn such as polyester, nylon or cellulose triacetate yarn, as well as spun yarn, such as direct spun rayon having residual shrinkage of up to 20 percent when exposed to conditions of high humidity or when immersed in aqueous solutions, or acrylic yarn having high residual shrinkage by reason of unrelaxed heat sensitive fibers in the yarn. This yarn is generally wound into package form about a cardboard or paper transfer core or tube such that the outer portion of the package is at substantially a desired bulk level whereas the innner portion is somewhat below this level. As disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,425,110, the bulk level of the inner portion of the package may be increased by simultaneously removing the cardboard package core while inserting a perforate dye core or tube of a predetermined smaller diameter than the cardboard core. The inner portion of the highly stretchable yarn then contracts (and gains bulk) about the perforate core. Apparatus for replacing the cardboard core with a perforate core is disclosed in the aforesaid patent. However, such apparatus is subject to various drawbacks. The apparatus employs a vertically movable mandrel upon which is placed a perforate core. Upon actuation, the perforate core is pushed downwardly into engagement with a cardboard core in the yarn package, whereupon the continued downward movement causes the perforate core to push the cardboard core completely out of the package. Owing to the pressure and movement of the entering perforated core, there is a tendency of the yarn package to come apart and unduly distort. The apparatus is only able to process yarn packages singly whereas multiple package processing is more desirable for economy and efficiency purposes. Further, owing to the fact that both the cardboard transfer core and perforated dye core simultaneously move through the yarn it has been found necessary to sandwich a paper or knit sleeve or sock between the yarn and the transfer core to serve as a bridge or shield during transfer. Without the sleeve it has been observed that some of the strands of yarn become trapped between the ends of the transfer core and the dye core during the operation, thereby disturbing the continuity of the yarn. As set forth in the above-referenced application Ser. No. 105,920, it has been found that the above drawbacks and disadvantages are overcome by placing a replacement dye core within the cardboard transfer core and thereafter pulling the cardboard core out of the yarn package to permit the package to contract around the replacement core. Apparatus for performing such a process has been proposed as set forth in the co-pending application. While achieving satisfactory results, further improvements have now been provided for simultaneously processing at least two yarn packages in continuous operation. Provision is also made for effective handling and disposing of the cardboard transfer core.

Reference may be had to the patents to S. E. Kalen, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,626,560; 3,736,633 and that to C. A. Kruse, Jr., U.S. Pat. No. 3,656,333 and the references cited therein for a disclosure of the pertinent prior art.

The present invention relates generally to the field of film winding and packaging devices and techniques, and more specifically, to a machine and method for winding film into a scroll and loading it with a film take-up spool into an empty film cartridge such as commonly used in photographic still cameras. Cartridges of the type assembled by the present invention have been developed and in wide spread use for some time necessitating the need for high speed mass production of fully loaded and assembled cartridges for mass distribution and sale to the public. The cartridge generally comprises a bottom portion having a double chamber for receiving and housing the scrolled film and take-up spool and a cover assembled with the bottom portion and sealed thereto. The scroll of film is generally wound with a layer of protective paper usually provided with appropriate indicia or markings so as to determine discrete lengths of film. The film and paper are appropriately connected to the take-up spool for film advancing and winding during the picture taking procedures. The take-up spool, cartridge cover and bottom receiving portion are preferably made of a plastic material. Cartridges of the foregoing type have been designed so as to facilitate picture taking by the amateur or inexperienced photographer. Improper loading or insertion of the cartridge into the camera has been avoided by designing the cartridge with one end thereof of a different size or shape than the other so that insertion into a properly designed camera can be made in only one way. Further, these cartridges have eliminated the necessity for rewinding film such as is common in the more sophisticated 35 mm type cameras and have further eliminated the possibility of loosely wound or unraveling rolls of film. Accordingly, the cartridge and cartridge loading cameras have become vastly popular and widely used. Aa variety of techniques and machines have been designed and developed in an attempt to efficiently and rapidly load and assemble such cartridges. Such prior machines and techniques have involved a series of complicated procedures and steps of assembly requiring a number of operators and have involved complicated machinery for handling and conveying the various components of the cartridge to appropriate assembly and sealing stations. Several guide tracks have usually been employed to separately advance the paper, film and cartridge elements to an assembly or operating position. One such prior technique of loading and assembling requires the step of preassembling the double chambered bottom portion with the cover prior to loading, transporting the assembled but unsealed cartridge to a loading station, employing means to remove the cover and inserting a scroll of film and take-up spool into their respective chambers in the bottom portion of the cartridge. It has been found that preassembly and consequent removal of the cover is an unnecessary step in the assembly operation requiring additional structure for the assembly apparatus further complicating the machinery and requiring possible additional operators. The winding or scrolling of the film with backing paper has typically been accomplished by wrapping the film about a driven spindle. Difficulties have been encountered in the prior known apparatus and techniques for accurately and rapidly securing the free end of a strip of film and backing paper to the spindle without causing jam-ups in the machine operation. Prior art techniques have also involved the taping or otherwise securing the sensitized film to the backing paper which is ultimately interleaved between the wound film so as to properly register discrete lengths of film with indicia or marking on the backing paper for use by the photographer during the picture taking operation. It has been found that this also is an unnecessary step further requiring additional complicating structure. It is accordingly one object of the present invention to provide a machine or apparatus for efficiently, rapidly and accurately loading and assembling film cartridges of the foregoing type for mass distribution. A further object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for loading and assembling film cartridges which avoid complications of the prior techniques and machines eliminating unnecessary steps and simplifying machinery and equipment. It is yet another object of the present invention to avoid difficulties in winding the film and paper about a spindle encountered by prior known devices and to provide an apparatus which rapidly and accurately winds the film and paper into a scroll for insertion in the cartridge in a virtually trouble free manner. A further object of the present invention is to provide a semi-automatic cartridge loading system of improved reliability minimizing supervision and numbers of operators required. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus facilitating complete winding and scrolling operation of the film, insertion thereof into a hollow cartridge along with an attached take-up spool, assembly of the hollow cartridge with a cover, sealing the cover to the cartridge and delivery of a completed, sealed and loaded cartridge ready for labeling and packaging. The above objects, features and advantages along with other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to be described more fully hereinafter.

1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to metalworking and more particularly to a mechanical process by flaring an inserted tube end or expanding a part in an aperture or radial expanding an internal fitted tube. 2. Description of the Prior Art The prior art of metalworking has known many types of tube and fitting assemblies wherein a tube and fitting are joined without the aid of threads, nuts, and the like. Generally, the tube or fitting is deformed or swaged to seal the tube to the fitting. In many cases, the swaging or deformation process causes a cold welding of the tube and fitting due to the extremely high pressures exerted between the tube and fitting. Cold welding was generally accomplished on softer materials such as aluminum and the like. One disadvantage of cold welding is that the weld only takes place when the materials were freshly cut or prepared. If aluminum parts were stored for any substantial period of time then no cold weld would form due to aluminum oxide on the surface. The prior art has joined tube and fitting assemblies by inserting a tube into a fitting and using a flaring tool to expand the tubing wall to engage the fitting. For example, a fitting bore may have a recess wherein the tubing wall is radially expanded by a flaring tool to engage the bore recess to form a seal between the tube and the fitting. This process was suitable for larger tubings but was impractical for small tubings where a flaring tool cannot be easily inserted. The prior art has used a ring stake process to join a small tube to a fitting. The ring stake process incorporates a fitting having a single bore substantially the same diameter as the tube. The tube is inserted into the bore and a die swages an outside surface of the fitting surrounding the bore to cause a deformation of the fitting to engage the tubing wall. This process did not require any internal flaring tool and provided a satisfactory low-pressure seal so long as no torsional strain was applied between the tube and the fitting. However, the seal could be destroyed if a torque was applied between the tube and the fitting about the axis of the tube. Consequently, the ring stake tube fitting assembly proved unreliable for many applications. Therefore, an object of this invention is to provide a method of making a tube fitting assembly which requires no cold welding. Another object of this invention is to provide a method of making a tube fitting assembly which requires no internal flaring tools. Another object of this invention is to provide a method of making a tube fitting assembly which can be formed in a one-step operation. Another object of this invention is to provide a method of making a tube fitting assembly which has a high torsional strength. Another object of this invention is to provide a method of making a tube fitting assembly which is capable of high pressure sealing. Another object of this invention is to provide a method of making a tube fitting assembly which is reliable.

1. Field of the Invention: The present invention relates generally to junction field effect transistors and more particularly to the fabrication of a junction field effect transistor with the aim of minimizing the devices "on resistance" and thereby increasing the yield of acceptable devices. 2. The Prior Art Typically, it has been the practice heretofore to fabricate the top gate of a junction field effect transistor using standard photolithic and diffusion techniques. Oxide is grown over the source and drain material, photoresist is deposited and developed, and the oxide and photoresist is selectively removed by planar etching to form a rectangular gate aperture. Gate material is then deposited and diffused into the aperture in the oxide. The width of the diffuse gate is limited by the minimum oxide line width that can be obtained by planar etching of the mask formed using present photolithic techniques. Since minimum "on resistance" (R.sub.on) of a junction field effect transistor (JFET) is determined in part by the effective width of the gate, the R.sub.on of the JFET of the prior art have been limited by said minimum oxide line width.

The present invention relates to a machine tool provided with an automatic tool change device and a guard cover apparatus. In a machine tool with an automatic tool change device wherein a tool storage magazine storing a plurality of radially arranged tools is provided above a spindle, a guard cover or net has usually been provided below the tool magazine over an entire circumference of the magazine in order to prevent an operator from being injured, even if a tool accidentally falls from the magazine. However, the guard cover or net has not in the past been covered at the vicinity of the tool change position on the magazine such that the tool change operation may be performed between the tool change position and the spindle. Therefore, there has existed the risk of the tool falling through the uncovered portion and interfering with a tool which is rotating at the machining position, such that a serious accident could occur.

1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing compact thermoelectric modules. 2. Description of the Prior Art Thermoelectric modules comprising P type elements and N type elements stacked alternately, each element of one type being connected to the neighbouring elements which are of the other type by connection bridges, in which the P and N elements are very thin plates on whose edge the connection bridges are arranged, are known. The modules are usually formed manually and the method for manufacturing such modules according to the invention is particularly simple and makes substantial time saving possible.

The present invention relates to a process for attaching a thermally and electrically conductive lead to a refractory metal contact of a semiconductor device by a high temperature brazing process. Passivated semiconductor devices generally include a semiconductor body composed substantially of silicon, a layer of passivating material such as glass or plastic disposed about the semiconductor body, and at least one metallic contact extending outwardly from the semiconductor body through the passivating layer as an external contact for connection with associated circuitry. More specifically, such devices require that the metallic contacts be refractory in nature in order that the coefficients of thermal expansion of the semiconductor body, the passivating layer and the metallic contact be reasonably matched to avoid breakage during thermal cycling. Molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum and various special alloys are typical of the refractory metals used as such refractory metal contacts; however, since such materials are both expensive and relatively poor conductors of both heat and electric current, the refractory metal contacts are generally joined to good conventional conductors (such as copper, silver or various special alloys) just beyond the passivating layer, the connection between the refractory contact and the other circuitry elements being made by the conventional conductor. In the case of axial-lead construction semiconductor rectifiers, the connection of the conventional axial lead to the refractory metal contact is accomplished by one of the following two procedures. In the first procedure, the refractory material is initially plated with a solderable metal such as silver before application of the passivating layer. After the passivating operation, the axial leads are attached to the refractory metal contacts using "soft solder" preforms with melting points typically less than 300.degree.C. Devices containing such connections have the disadvantages commonly associated with soft solder contacts. If extreme temperature control is not exercised in soldering the axial lead to other circuit components, the axial lead may detach from the refractory metal contact as the soft solder heats up. In any case, it has been found that such soft solder joints are subject to thermal fatigue and a resultant short operating life. In the other procedure, the refractory metal contact is joined to the axial lead by a special welding process known as butt welding. The joint and the axial lead must thereafter be exposed to all the chemical and heat-treating processes subsequently required to (1) join the semiconductor body to the refractory metal contact, (2) etch the subassembly, and (3) apply and fuse the passivating glass layer. The devices fashioned according to this procedure are not reliable in the first place because a true weld is not possible between the refractory metal of the contact and the conventional conductive metal of the axial lead. Furthermore, the processing operations required to complete the semiconductor device subsequent to formation of the refractory contact/axial lead joint frequently result in a weak and porous joint which will develop high electrical and thermal resistance in time or eventually even fail mechanical and fall off. Experience has shown that butt welded joints have extremely high failure rates when exposed to conditions of high temperature and high humidity, the failure rate rising as high as 50 percent at 85.degree.C and 85 percent relative humidity. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a process for attaching a thermally and electrically conductive lead to a refractory metal contact of a semiconductor device using a high temperature brazing process. It is another object to provide such a process which avoids the aforementioned disadvantages of soft solder and "butt welded" joints. It is also an object to provide such a process wherein the resultant joint is of higher physical strength and lower porosity than a butt-welded joint, withstands a higher temperature than a soft solder joint, and withstands conditions of high temperature and high humidity better than a butt-welded joint. It is a further object to provide such a process which enables a conventional lead to be joined to a refractory contact at the same time and at the same temperature conditions as the refractory contact is joined to the semiconductor body. Yet another object is to provide such a process which utilizes a special preform, is simple and economical to perform, is less expensive than a butt welding, and provides joints superior to those produced by soft solder or butt welding processes. Yet a further object is to provide such a process whereby a joint between a semiconductor body and a refractory contact member is formed at the same time and at the same temperatures as the joint between the refractory contact member and a lead member. A final object is to provide a semiconductor device having a lead member joined thereto by the aforesaid process.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for the assembly and testing of intricate components. One example of the use of such a method and apparatus is in the assembly and testing of wiring harnesses for vehicles, such as automobiles. Such wiring harnesses require the assembly and testing of a plurality of intricate electrical components, such as electrical wires, resistors, capacitors, switches and fuses. The method and apparatus of this invention is addressed to two broad functions: assembly and testing. The testing function is conducted during the various stages of assembly, rather than after assembly has been completed. The assembly and testing of wiring harness requires that the wiring harnesses be tested for electrical continuity and that the wiring harnesses be free of electrical open, crossed, shorted and incomplete circuits. For example, among the typical problems which may occur during the assembly of wiring harnesses are: Wires may be connected to the wrong pins in a connector. Wires may be connected to the wrong connector. Insulation strips may be impropertly assembled at the connector and allow two wires to short circuit. A connector may have defective contacts. Contacts of a wire may not be fully inserted into the connector. In prior art assembly lines, when wiring harnesses are fully assembled and then tested, the wiring harnesses which are found defective must be discarded or set aside for further analysis and repair. Typical prior art apparatus and methods, such as U.S. Pat. No. 2,768,428 to MacGregor et al., use a synchronized conveyor belt system and only test for electrical misconnection or continuity. Some prior art apparatus and methods allow the wiring harness to continue along the assembly to completion of assembly before defects are corrected. In addition, the use of an overhead projector above a work surface to provide a lighted arrow to direct the assembly of electrical components, such as wiring harnesses, has been disclosed in promotional literature by Ragen Precision Industries, Inc., 9 Porete Avenue, North Arlington, N.J.

The conventional knife with a folding blade can be conveniently carried and handled since the blade of such a knife can be inserted into the slot of the handle, where the cutting edge and tip of the blade are shielded and the knife is effectively shorter. The conventional folding knife usually requires the presence of a rigidly fixed blade pivot pin which extends through the blade-receiving slot of the handle, and the blade pivots about the pivot pin. The pivot pin is usually peened at its ends to make the ends larger so as to form a friction fit with the handle. As the knife is used, the pivot pin usually works loose from the layers of the handle structure so that the blade-receiving slot of the handle becomes slightly larger and the blade develops an undesirable lateral looseness or wobble with respect to the handle. The handle of the conventional folding knife also usually has a leaf spring biased against each blade tang to urge each blade toward its opened or closed positions and to keep the blade from moving freely with respect to the handle. While it is desirable to maintain a degree of stiffness between the blade and handle to keep the blade from floating, it is hazardous to have the blade biased toward its opened or closed positions. It is desirable to have the blade seek its opened and closed positions when being moved toward and approaching one of these positions, and it is desirable to lock the blade in its opened position to remove the hazard of having the blade inadvertantly close on the fingers of the user.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,972,363 and 3,438,410 disclose annular ring saws which employ apertured circular blades. These portable power saws permit a depth of cut greater than the radius of the blade. The ring blades shown in these two patents are each peripherally driven by a power roller. Each blade has grooves formed in its upper and/or lower blade surfaces to accommodate blade guide rollers which maintain the blade virtual axial displacement as it is rotationally driven about its virtuall axis. Blade support rollers also act similarly on the blade's inner periphery to prevent radial displacement. When a tree or other workpiece is being out by the power saw, the high speed blade encounters considerable resistance from the workpiece. These reaction forces act to shift the virtual axis of the ring blade in a direction opposite to that of blade rotation. In the two previously mentioned patents, these reaction forces are primarily opposed by the operator himself, resulting in fatigue, and by the blade guide and blade support rollers. However, experience has shown that, due to the blade's high speed, the reaction forces tend to quickly heat and wear the grooves in the blade and to heat and wear the guide and support rollers themselves. This wearing action produces undesired blade vibration and poor cutting action. The solution of strengthening the blade, its grooves and the rollers is unsatisfactory for commercial reasons. Portable power saws of the ring type must be extremely light in order to compete with currently marketed saws, such as chain saws or circular saws which weigh as little as 61/2 lbs. Therefore, adding more weight and/or substituting more expensive heat dissipating materials is an unsatisfactory solution to the problem of dynamic operational instability and rapid blade groove and roller wear. It is an object of this invention to provide means for dynamically stabilizing the power tool so that the aforementioned wear problems are eliminated or at least greatly reduced. Another object is to provide dynamic stabilizing means which permits a reduction of the weight, power requirement and manufacturing cost of the power tool and especially which permits the use of a very thin saw blade, grinding wheel or other ring tool. A further object is to provide a power tool which has many advanced features such as means for rapidly inserting and withdrawing the ring tool from its housing, means for self-lubricating the ring tool and the rollers, means for preventing the build-up of waste on the power tool's moving parts, and safety means causing the drive roller to slip on the ring tool when excessive load occurs.

The present invention relates generally to fitting doors to selected door openings, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for quickly and easily sizing a selected door opening and cutting a door member to fit the opening.

Various equipments and techniques are known for establishing azimuth or other position data for gun or missile batteries. One such technique employs surveying techniques using transits or their equivalents. This technique is slow, requires at least two men to perform, and requires quite a bit of skill on the part of these men. The current most rapid technique employs a highly accurate electronic navigator mounted on a vehicle such as a jeep. The navigator provides an optical output such that some optical reference on the gun or missile can be checked for alignment by using a theodolite or its equivalent. Although more rapid than surveying alone, this method is still slow and requires a skilled operator. One such known system is the PADS (Position & Azimuth Determining System) made by the Guidance and Control Systems Division of Litton Industries. A description of PADS is in Final Report E TL-CR-73-6 of June 1973, by S. R. Ellms. This report is available at the Defense Documentation Center, Cameron Station, Virginia. The instant invention is able to directly determine azimuth or position of the gun or missile relative to the navigator, is very rapid, and requires only one semiskilled operator.

1. Field of the Invention This invention provides an apparatus for drying a travelling web which may, for example, be a web of paper or paperboard. 2. Description of the Prior Art The introduction of various new methods of forming paper and board in the last ten years has led to significant increases in paper machine speed and it is now possible to manufacture paper at more than twice the speeds achieved previously using traditional forming methods. Significant improvements in press design have been made over the corresponding period as the machine speed increased but the moisture content of the fibre web entering the dryers has not changed appreciably. Greatly increased demands are therefore made on the dryer section, especially in the manufacture of paperboards, and the cost of the increased number of steam heated cylinders together with the extended building and ancilliaries has become a major capital item. Further, in many older machines, the full benefit of rebuilding the pressing and forming section cannot be realized due to drying limitations. Much effort has been expended in attempts to develop drying techniques to supplement or replace the steam heated cylinders. The list would include sectional and pocket ventilation, high velocity air impingement hoods, and plenums acting against the unsupported sheet, radiant and high frequency systems, vacuum and through drying techniques, fluidized bed and low melting point alloy systems. These various techniques are well documented and it is fair to say that none are as satisfactory, overall, as the steam heated cylinder when properly ventilated. Condensate removal systems for cylinders have kept pace with machine speed increases and the economics of simultaneous power and steam generation is such that cylinder drying is not equalled by any alternative system except perhaps by the Papridrier, which is not yet proved for heavier paperboard manufacture. The various alternatives have only found limited application, to supplement output where costing is on a marginal basis, to eliminate moisture streaks, dry paper coatings and exploit any anomalies in fuel costs. For lightweight papers the air impingement hood is often employed in conjunction with a Yankee cylinder. The prospects for advance in drying technology seem to be best where the process is based on the present conventional steam cylinder system. Many aspects of the drying mechanism on the cylinder are still debated. However, it is indisputable that less than half the board surface is in contact with the cylinders at any time. It is equally certain that air impingement onto the remaining available surface will significantly increase the rates of evaporation. The extent depends on a number of factors, in particular the thickness of the board. In practice, however, air impingement is more difficult and expensive to arrange on multi cylinder dryers than say on a Yankee tissue machine where only one large cylinder is usually employed. Firstly, a whole series of hoods are required which are costly and occupy much space and the broke arising from breaks in the sheet accumulating in each hood can have a disastrous effect on machine efficiency. Attempts to use impingement dryers on individual steam cylinders of paperboard machines have been largely abandoned for the above reasons. In principle, the air impingement technique remains attractive since evaporation rates of 2 to 8 times the rate for cylinders alone can be achieved. The present invention provides an apparatus which enables air impingement to be achieved without the mechanical and other limitations of fixed air impingement hoods.

This invention relates to a clog and more particularly, to a pliable synthetic resin thong for use with the clog. There have been proposed and practically employed a great variety of clogs and one of the most common type clogs comprises wooden body having a round hole positioned at a point in the longitudinal axis of the body adjacent to one end and a pair of round holes positioned on the opposite sides of the longitudinal axis adjacent to the other end and to the opposite side edges of the body and a single thong which comprises a hemp core or or the like of a length, a stuffing surrounding the core except at the opposite ends of the core which extend beyond the adjacent ends of the stuffing and a fabric in the form of a narrow strip covering a substantial portion of the core and substantially the entire stuffing leaving the opposite ends of the core uncovered and sewn together at the opposite side edges of the fabric. The thong is conventionally secured to the clog body by folding in the center thereof where the stuffing has been removed or substantially removed into two thong portions, applying a fore strap about the center of the thong, passing the opposite ends of the fore strap through the axially positioned hole adjacent to one end of the clog body, tying the opposite ends of the fore strap together on the under surface of the clog body to make a knot having a size larger than the size of the associated hole to prevent the fore strap from coming off the hole, passing the free ends of the two thong portions through the holes adjacent to the other end of the clog body and tying the exposed opposite ends of the hemp core together on the under surface of the clog body to thereby complete the securing of the thong to the clog body. Therefore, the production of the prior art thong and securing the thong to the clog body require time consuming and tedious works. In addition, the thong itself, knots and/or connected portions of the thong are easily subjected to damage and/or breakage when moistened and/or handled roughly resuling in the separation of the thong from the clog body which means short service life of the clog thong.

1. Field of the Invention: The invention herein pertains to a steam iron soleplate, generator, and steam distributor subassembly using inexpensive parts in an arrangement for easy cleaning and efficient conversion of all water to steam in a simplified arrangement that permits use of any number of soleplate surfaces. 2. Description of the Prior Art: Recent designs in irons disclose simpler irons that may use plastic parts, may be used as clothes steamers as well as for ironing, are lighter weight, and that are intended to sell at a lower price. These irons use different constructions from the normal rather complex well-known constructions. Typically, such irons may employ the construction shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,260,005 and 3,811,208 showing a soleplate subassembly and semi-plastic construction, respectively. One of the difficulties in using relatively thin soleplates is applying the heating element to the soleplate without causing the soleplate to warp. Typically, this is not a problem in the normal heavy cast soleplate where the heating element is cast in the soleplate or is welded to it and the heavy soleplate provides a large heat sink and is sufficiently massive for machining of the surface afterward. Additionally, in steam irons it is necessary that the parts be effectively sealed because of the presence of water and the sealing compound applied between separable parts is itself often the source of trouble in creating dri-filming problems where the water tends to boil and bounce on the heated surface rather than wet it and boil off as steam.

1. Field of the Invention. The present invention relates to a calendar and more particularly to a calendar indicating the day, the date and the month of the year, for desk use. 2. Prior Art. Heretofore, numerous calendars have been provided in the prior art which required a great deal of manipulation in order to change the date and the day of the month of the year in regard to the calendar. The desk calendar, although a convenience to the user, had been a nuisance to manipulate in order to keep the calendar up to date. Prior art devices also required the holding of the base member while adjusting the calendar because when the dials were moved the entire unit, on the push-pull type, would move as a result of the manipulation. The prior art devices further required the manipulation of numerous knobs or dials and required the pressing in and turning or the pulling out and turning of various knobs and dials to accomplish the necessary changes. The presence of these dials made the calendar rather unsightly and did not provide the convenience as originally intended with the beauty required for a person's desk.

Various signboard constructions are shown in the prior art, one such construction being shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,722,120 granted Mar. 27, 1973 to Henry Finkel. This Patent discloses a signboard construction having a four member frame formed of four aluminum extrusions having identical cross-sections, and a plurality of signboard members received within the frame members. Each of the signboard members of Finkel is formed of an aluminum extrusion having a lower portion of complex cross-section interconnected to the lower edge of a principal vertically extending portion, the lower portion including a pair of mounting ribs, the extrusion also including an upper V-shaped portion interconnected to the upper edge of the vertically extending portion, the ends of the V-shaped portion being received within a channel formed by the lower portion. While the construction of Finkel is generally satisfactory, each of the signboard members is unduly complex, and furthermore the Finkel construction requires a separate signboard member for each of the incremental widths of the indicia which are adapted to be carried thereby. Finkel also requires a special adapter for mounting the indicia on his signboard members. The frame members of Finkel are open on one side and this has the disadvantage in that they may collect dirt and water which may make subsequent disassembly of the signboard construction difficult. Also no means are provided for readily mounting his assembled signboard. Another signboard construction shown in the prior art is U.S. Pat. No. 3,289,340 issued Dec. 6, 1966 to Edwards. This patent discloses a signboard construction wherein each of the extruded signboard members is provided with a plurality of equally spaced apart indicia receiving members. The upper and lower edges of each of the signboard members are provided with special interfitting surfaces which unduly complicate the extrusion. Special adapters are required for mounting indicia on the signboard members. The frame of this patented design is formed of wood and such a frame member construction is undesirable because of the maintenance required to preserve the wood. Other U.S. Patents which are representative of the prior art are: Nos. 3,230,652, 3,458,945, 3,696,541, 3,685,186, 3,793,757, and 3,651,592. The first three of these Patents disclose a signboard construction wherein a plurality of signboard members are interconnected to each other, the upper and the lower edges of each of the signboard members being provided with a special interfitting construction. Many of these prior art signboard constructions require special appliances for mounting the indicia on the signboard members. Others require special adapters for interconnecting the signboard members to the frames. Furthermore, none of these patents disclose structure whereby the assembled signboard can be readily mounted.

One common form of bait used for fishing is bread dough or dough balls. This type of bait is used by embedding a fishhook within the dough ball or otherwise forming the dough ball around the hook. Most generally, the bait is molded around the entire hook. One of the problems encountered in molding the bait around the hook is obtaining sufficient adhesion of the molded material to itself and around the hook to prevent the bait from separating from the hook. The present method employed by fishermen is simply to attempt to apply enough pressure to the bait material between the fingers to create the necessary adhesion of the material to itself and around the hook to prevent loss. This is often a difficult and time consuming job and is likewise not very satisfactory. Another problem which is encountered in hand molding the bait upon the hook is the end shape or form of the molded bait. It is preferable to have the bait uniformly and evenly molded around the hook and, in many cases, of a form which can be easily swallowed by the fish. Hand forming of the moldable bait material about the hook often falls very short of the desired form and shape of the bait upon the hook.

This invention relates generally to an outrigger fishing line release clip, and specifically to a clip which engages and holds a fishing line to the pay-out line on an outrigger pole, the clip providing predetermined tensioning for holding the fishing line such that when the line is hit by a fish, the clip will release the fishing line from the outrigger. The use of release clips for fishing lines on outrigger poles is well known. Release clips shown in the prior art have several drawbacks and have had problems with the fishing line being fouled in the outrigger line and the clip itself. Oftentimes, due to wind conditions or the movement of the boat, the tension on the fishing line itself will vary such that a slack condition has in the past resulted in the tangling or twisting of the fishing line about the clip body. Another problem that has been encountered is that when paying out the outrigger line, the outrigger line will often twist or spin as it is being wound through the outrigger guide. This spinning action of the outrigger line causes the clip itself to spin. The fishing line attached to the clip will then become twisted in the clip and the outrigger line, fouling and preventing a clean release of the line. Swivels have been employed at the ends of the clips in an effort to alleviate this problem but have not totally done the job because of variable tension on the fishing line and corrosion of the swivel mechanism, which prevents the swivel from working properly. The instant invention overcomes these problems of the prior art by providing an offset center of gravity pivot axis along one of the sides of the clip body which when the body is attached to the outrigger line tends to have the clip hang instead of twist. The shape of the clip body and the arrangement of the fishing line releasable arm which has an adjustable tension means is contoured to eliminate and reduce entangling protrusions. The clip also includes a freely rotatable outrigger line attaching wire which allows the clip body to hang in one plane, even though the attaching wire itself may spin. The fishing line release arm has an adjustable tensioning feature so that any particular tension may be utilized with the clip.

With increasing number of apartments and condominiums, there has been a proportional increase in the demand for indoor plants. This demand is primarily based upon the desire to bring a little bit of the outdoors inside for a natural beautifying effect. Many of these plants are supported in various types of macrames which are capable of hanging the plants in single or double hanging pots. The macrames are a series of ropes which are normally woven by hand and which in combination provide the supporting saddles for each pot. The various macrame ropes are often braided from four strands of material, such as jute, hemp, cotton, wool, or similar type of fibrous material. Many new designs are new appearing on the market which make the hanging pots with their plants even more desirable as an interior decorative item.

Windows embodying sash members which are both vertically slidable and tiltable are extremely well known in the art, as exemplified, for example, by Rodriguez U.S. Pat. No. 3,464,157 dated Sept. 2, 1969; Weidner et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,434,236, dated Mar. 25, 1969; and Woodhams U.S. Pat. No. 3,091,005 dated May 28, 1963. In windows of this general type, it has been found that the pivotal mounting for the sash members permits them to be swung to an open position to facilitate cleaning and maintenance, as well as permitting maximum entry of air. In windows of this type, it is often desirable to tilt one of the sashes to a partially-open position, since such a position permits some degree of ventilation, but at the same time prevents the undersirable entry of rain, wind or the like. Obviously, if the sashes are slidably open to a small degree, suitable ventilation will be obtained, but rain, wind and the like will be free to enter through the exposed opening. Accordingly, it is quite common when a person is leaving one's home for an extended period of time for that person to tilt one of the sashes to a partially-open position, which position permits some entry of outside air to effect some degree of ventilation within the house, while at the same time effectively blocking undersirable entry of rain, wind or the like should a storm suddenly arise during the person's absence. In most pivoted sash-type windows, some degree of frictional drag exists during tilting movement of the sashes. For example, the sashes will frequently have resilient weatherstripping along the outer edges of the vertical side stiles, which weatherstripping effects a frictional drag on the sash as it is swung to an open position. This frictional drag is not enough to impede tilting movement of the sashes, but it is sufficient to frictionally maintain the sashes in any desired open position. The problem that arises, however, is that where a pivoted sash is tilted to a partially-open position to permit ventilation but at the same time block undesirable entry of rain, wind or the like, the frictional retention of the window in its partially-tilted position is not strong enough to withstand the forces exerted by excessive rain, wind or the like; whereby, depending upon the direction of the wind, rain or the like, the partially-open window will either be slammed shut, thus closing off all ventilation and perhaps damaging the window by the sudden impact, or else the window will be forced to swing to a completely open position wherein undesirable entry of the rain, wind or the like is no longer blocked. When this happens in an unattended house, severe damage can obviously result. The present invention overcomes the above problem by providing conveniently accessible means on the sash which may be selectively moved to an operative position to positively lock the sash in a partially-tilted position. The means for effecting this comprise an elongated strap, preferably of flexible metal, pivotally carried by the horizontal stile of the sash that swings to open position. More specifically, when the sash has been swung to its partially-open position, the aforesaid strap may easily be pivoted to its operative position wherein it extends generally perpendicular to the stile on which it is mounted, and then the free end of the strap is provided with means for interengaging a fixed portion of the window construction whereby the partially-open sash is firmly and positively held in its partially-open position. When it is desired to close the sash or swing it further open, the end of the strap is quickly and easily manually disengaged and is then pivoted to its inoperative position wherein it extends longitudinally of the stile on which it is mounted. Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the description thereof proceeds when considered in connection with the accompanying illustrative drawings.

Cable window regulators of this form are used where, in pursuance of the trend in modern automobile construction, the window height is relatively large compared to the height of the wall part of the bodywork or door casing which must receive the opened window. In such cases, a relatively large travel distance must be available to the window regulator in comparison with the height of the wall part or door casing. Since however there is a lower limit to the bending radius of the threaded cable, the tubular guide must be constructed, at the end of that section of it which is parallel to the window path, as an arc. The catch travels into this arc at the end of its lifting stroke, thus leading to a constrained departure of the direction of travel of the catch from the direction of slide of the window. In a known window regulator of the type described, this deviation of direction is compensated through a slide-guide extending transversely to the window path, by the engagement of a cylindrical component, for example a roller, secured to the catch and engaging in a slot-like guide mounted on the window. In principle, this form of embodiment has proved satisfactory, but in practice an undesirably large play develops at the slide-guide after a relatively short time, especially because of wear of the cylindrical part or roller, this play resulting in the annoying so-called backlash which occurs at the operating handle for the catch. It is the objective of the invention to improve the slide-guide in a window regulator of the class initially described, so that it is relatively free of play even after considerable periods of use.

The present invention relates to improvements in vertical truing apparatus, especially those intended for simultaneous truing of the bore and the periphery of annular rings. Known machines of the kind in question comprise as we know a horizontal crosspiece associated with two fixed uprights supporting one or more heads or grinder-carrier carriages. When it is desired to true pieces of large diameter, the crosspiece has a considerable length. Moreover, the geometric axis of the spindle carrying the grinder is disposed at a rather large distance from the crosspiece since intermediate pieces have to be provided that will allow the pivoting of the grinder-carrier head in a vertical plane. Thus, in known machines there are great difficulties in achieving vertical orientation of the spindle in a precise manner because of the deformations of the different organs from the weight of the carriages.

The present invention relates to a self-contained apparatus designed to sharpen general purpose right hand twist drills approximately one-eighth inch to approximately one-half inch in diameter to commercial tolerances. A large number of prior art twist drill grinding machines are known in the art. These machines grind the points on twist drills or the like to desired contours by various methods. The present apparatus relates to a type of machine which grinds a cylindrical profile on each side of the leading end of the twist drill to either side of the web. One prior art patent which discloses an apparatus for grinding a cylindrical profile in U.S. Pat. No. 1,674,224 to Rabut issued June 19, 1928. The Rabut patent disclosed a beltdriven grinding wheel, a chuck which is operable to support twist drills or the like with the leading ends of the twist drill in contact with a surface of the grinding wheel, and means to support the chuck relative to the grinding wheel. The supporting means include a frame which is pivotally secured to the base which also supports the grinding wheel, a carrier which is pivotally secured to the frame, a shaft journaled for rotation within the carrier, and an arm which extends away at an angle from the shaft, the arm in turn being interconnected with the chuck. A gauge is also mounted adjacent one end of the arm and means are provided for elevating and depressing the chuck and the gauge to accommodate twist drills of different sizes. The chuck is mounted in such a manner that it can be rotated or indexed about its center line 180 degrees between two working positions. While the apparatus shown in the Rabut patent will satisfactorily grind the leading end of twist drills, it has numerous disadvantages. During the operation of the grinding apparatus shown in Rabut, it will be occasionally necessary to dress the grinding wheel to level off the surface which contacts the leading end of the twist drill. However, Rabut does not disclose any structure whereby a dressing tool could be mounted in his apparatus for dressing the grinding wheel, and thus, it would be necessary to provide additional means for dressing the grinding wheel. While a dressing tool could be mounted on the base of the Rabut machine in a manner taught by the U.S. Pat. No. 3,651,602 issued Mar. 28, 1972 to Hillier, such a device unnecessarily complicates the structure shown in Rabut and furthermore is somewhat difficult to operate so that the surface of the wheel which contacts the leading end of the twist drill lies in a surface parallel to the axis of rotation of the shaft which supports the chuck. Alternatively, a dressing tool could be carried by the chuck support in the manner taught by the U.S. Pat. No. 3,132,450 issued May 12, 1969 to Boddgert. While this design eliminates some of the disadvantages of Hillier, it unnecessarily complicates the design of the chuck support. A further disadvantage of the apparatus shown in the Rabut patent is that it is difficult to provide for generally uniform wear of the grinding wheel. Thus, in order to present the leading end of the twist drill to different portions of the grinding surface of the grinding wheel, it is necessary to adjust either the frame which carriers the chuck or to longitudinally adjust the shaft about which the chuck is swung during the grinding of the twist drills. Another disadvantage of the Rabut construction is that the shaft about which the chuck rotates must be shifted toward and away from the axis of the grinding wheel during the grinding of the leading end of a twist drill and must be also shifted as the diameter of the grinding wheel varies. In order to maintain the proper geometry on the leading end of the twist drill during the grinding operation, it is therefore necessary to very accurately machine the bearings within the pivoting frame and the pivotal carrier, and it is also necessary to very accurately position the pivoting carrier on the frame during the grinding operation. An additional disadvantage of the Rabut construction is that it requires adjustment of the gauge and chuck for twist drills of different diameters. Also, the gauge of Rabut only initially positions the point of the twist drill and does not serve as a final gauge to properly locate the twist drill during the final grinding operation on the leading end. In this connection, it should be noted that it may sometimes be necessary to grind a large quantity away from the leading end of the twist drill, either because of severe wear on the leading end of the drill or because of a broken point. In this case, because the flutes are spirally disposed about the drill, the final position will not in any way correspond to the initially engaged position. While other gauges are well known in the prior art, as for example U.S. Pat. No. 2,614,370 issued Oct. 21, 1952 to Kapnick, devices of this type do not overcome the foregoing disadvantages. A further disadvantage of the Rabut construction is that it is not a self-contained unit and therefore must be mounted in such a manner that it can be driven from a power take-off shaft within the shop through a belt or the like.