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BigScience Biomedical Datasets 112

2099700

2099701

2099702

Inhibition of XXXX -3 kinase y reduces pruriceptive, inflammatory, and nociceptive responses induced by trypsin in @entity19 .

multiple_choice

This study investigated the effects of pharmacological inhibition of @entity4357 3-kinase ( @entity3115 )y in the pruriceptive, inflammatory, and nociceptive responses induced by trypsin in @entity19 . The animals were orally treated with the selective PI3Ky inhibitor @entity48750 (0.3-30 mg/kg) 30 minutes beforehand. In separate groups, @entity48750 was given by intrathecal (i.t.) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) routes. The control groups received saline at the same schedules. The effects of @entity3115 blocking were assessed in different experimental assays. The oral treatment with @entity48750 produced a marked reduction of scratching behavior elicited by trypsin. Moreover, @entity48750 (1mg/kg) was able to produce a partial but significant inhibition of the scratching bouts elicited by CP 48/80. Interestingly, the i.c.v. and i.t. injection of @entity48750 also reduced trypsin-induced @entity111 . The oral administration of @entity48750 was found effective in producing a significant and dose-dependent reduction of trypsin-induced paw @entity4 and @entity5 @entity39 factor a production, as well as the neutrophil recruitment, according to myeloperoxidase activity assessment. Likewise, oral @entity48750 (1mg/kg) promoted a significant reduction of spontaneous nociception induced by trypsin in the @entity19 paw. In contrast, the oral administration of @entity48750 did not significantly modify @entity2951 -evoked nociception, although this inhibitor was effective when dosed by i.c.v. route. Noteworthy, @entity48750 (1mg/kg) was able to prevent @entity9830 and phospho-Akt immunopositivity at the spinal cord of trypsin-injected @entity19 , either into the back of the neck or the paws. To conclude, @entity53863 Ky inhibition might well represent a valuable alternative for treating inflammatory and painful conditions, as well as @entity111 .

2099703

2099704

2099705

Inhibition of @entity4357 -3 kinase y reduces pruriceptive, inflammatory, and nociceptive responses induced by trypsin in XXXX .

multiple_choice

This study investigated the effects of pharmacological inhibition of @entity4357 3-kinase ( @entity3115 )y in the pruriceptive, inflammatory, and nociceptive responses induced by trypsin in @entity19 . The animals were orally treated with the selective PI3Ky inhibitor @entity48750 (0.3-30 mg/kg) 30 minutes beforehand. In separate groups, @entity48750 was given by intrathecal (i.t.) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) routes. The control groups received saline at the same schedules. The effects of @entity3115 blocking were assessed in different experimental assays. The oral treatment with @entity48750 produced a marked reduction of scratching behavior elicited by trypsin. Moreover, @entity48750 (1mg/kg) was able to produce a partial but significant inhibition of the scratching bouts elicited by CP 48/80. Interestingly, the i.c.v. and i.t. injection of @entity48750 also reduced trypsin-induced @entity111 . The oral administration of @entity48750 was found effective in producing a significant and dose-dependent reduction of trypsin-induced paw @entity4 and @entity5 @entity39 factor a production, as well as the neutrophil recruitment, according to myeloperoxidase activity assessment. Likewise, oral @entity48750 (1mg/kg) promoted a significant reduction of spontaneous nociception induced by trypsin in the @entity19 paw. In contrast, the oral administration of @entity48750 did not significantly modify @entity2951 -evoked nociception, although this inhibitor was effective when dosed by i.c.v. route. Noteworthy, @entity48750 (1mg/kg) was able to prevent @entity9830 and phospho-Akt immunopositivity at the spinal cord of trypsin-injected @entity19 , either into the back of the neck or the paws. To conclude, @entity53863 Ky inhibition might well represent a valuable alternative for treating inflammatory and painful conditions, as well as @entity111 .

2099706

2099707

2099708

Secondary prevention in XXXX : goal achievement and drug prescribing.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the degree of treatment goal achievement and drug prescribing in @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) in clinical practice. METHOD: @entity1 undergoing planned or acute percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included. @entity1 ' medical records and the hospital's database on clinical chemistry analyses were studied retrospectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Goal achievement and drug prescription relative to published therapeutic guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 200 @entity1 aged 66 +/- 11 years were included. Blood pressure <140/90 mmHg was achieved in 36% of @entity1 3 months after PCI and total @entity165 <5 mmol/l was achieved in 29% at the time of PCI. Three months after PCI the @entity1 were on 1.4 (range 0-4) drugs with antihypertensive effect (including diuretics). Seventy eight percent were on a statin, 92% were on low-dose @entity117 , and 23% had a diuretic in their drug regimen. Five out of 16 @entity1 with @entity6 included in the study were prescribed an angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitor (ACE-I). CONCLUSION: There is probably a potential for increased degree of goal achievement and for improved drug prescribing in @entity1 with @entity301 undergoing PCI at our hospital.

2099709

2099710

2099711

XXXX , an indicator of renal tubular maturation and dysfunction in the newborn.

multiple_choice

The urinary excretion and proximal tubular reabsorption of @entity2262 was studied in 17 healthy newborn @entity1 in relation to gestational and post-natal age. The effect of IRDS and non-conjugated @entity3638 on the tubular reabsorption of the protein was evaluated in 10 IRDS @entity1 and 14 @entity1 with non-conjugated @entity3638 . The urinary excretion of @entity2262 was determined under standardized conditions. When GFR was determined, the single injection clearance method was used. The filtered load of @entity2262 was found to increase with increasing gestational age. This was due to a rise in plasma @entity2262 concentration as well as to a rise in the GFR. Although the smallest filtered load was recorded in @entity1 with a mean GA of 32.4 weeks, these @entity1 had a lower fractional reabsorption of the protein (88%) than @entity1 with a mean GA of 35.0 weeks or more (98%). In @entity1 with a GA of 35 weeks or more a glomerulo-tubular balance for @entity2262 apparently was established. In these @entity1 the filtered load of @entity2262 increased rapidly during the first days of life. This was paralleled by an increase in the reabsorptive capacity for the protein. In @entity1 with IRDS and in @entity1 with non-conjugated @entity3638 the fractional reabsorption of @entity2262 was lower than in control @entity1 of a corresponding gestational and postnatal age. This indicates, that in the neonatal period, the proximal tubular transporting capacity is more vulnerable than the glomerular filtration rate in states of @entity519 and @entity3638 .

2099712

2099713

2099714

[Primary XXXX : clinicopathologic features and genetic alterations].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of primary @entity1071 . METHODS: Clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features of 37 archival cases of primary @entity1071 were studied including 5 cases of @entity12293 and 32 @entity706 retrospectively. Classification of the @entity706 were made according to the WHO classification of @entity5 of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. All cases were studied by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using dual color break apart probes of @entity7513 , @entity11987 , @entity4042 , @entity517 , @entity588 , @entity4910 , @entity4592 , and @entity12624 for detection of chromosomal aberrations involving @entity7513 , @entity11987 , @entity4042 , @entity517 , @entity588 , @entity4910 , @entity4592 and @entity12624 genes, respectively. FISH with @entity7513 / @entity588 dual color dual fusion probe was used for detection of t(14;18)(q32;q21)/ @entity7513 - @entity588 . CEP18 spectrum orange probe was used for detection of aneuploidy of the chromosome 18. RESULTS: Among 32 cases of @entity706 , 28 cases (87.5%) were extranodal marginal zone @entity1892 of mucosa associated @entity242 ( @entity1074 ), 2 cases were @entity706 ( @entity706 ) and 2 cases @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ). Among the 28 cases of @entity1074 , chromosomal aberrations were found in 60.7% (17/28) by interphase FISH analysis. One case showed positive @entity7513 break-apart signal with unknown partner. 16 cases showed three copies of different genes, of which, three copies of @entity11987 , @entity4042 , and @entity517 were identified in 7 cases (25%), 12 cases (43%), and 2 cases (8%) of @entity1074 , respectively. In addition, 5 cases showed two genes including three copies of @entity4042 and @entity11987 in 4 cases, and three copies of @entity4042 together with @entity517 in one case. Furthermore, all cases with three copies of @entity11987 had trisomy 18. t(14;18)(q32;q21) was detected in both @entity706 . Of the 2 @entity1892 cases, one showed three copies of @entity4042 together with trisomy 18 and the other one showed three copies of @entity4042 together with @entity7513 and @entity517 rearrangements. Chromosomal aberration was not found in all 5 cases of @entity12293 . CONCLUSIONS: The most common entity of @entity706 is @entity1074 and FISH is helpful for their differential diagnosis and classification. Trisomy 18 and three copies of @entity4042 are common chromosomal aberrations in primary ocular adnexal @entity1074 .

2099715

2099716

2099717

The hidden costs and characteristics of XXXX in Canada.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Administrative databases are often used to determine burden of @entity6425 in @entity341 ( @entity341 ). Our objective was to describe rotavirus ED visits to include healthcare utilization pre- and postvisit to estimate true societal costs. METHODS: During rotavirus seasons in 2007, 2008, and 2009, a convenience sample of @entity1 <3 years of age with @entity391 and/or @entity294 and rotavirus in stool samples at ED visits was identified at 5 pediatric hospitals in Canada. Interviews took place within 24 hours and 2 weeks after diagnosis, and ED charts were reviewed. Using unit costs for all resources, healthcare and societal costs were determined in Canadian dollars. RESULTS: A total of 199 @entity1 (mean age, 16 months; range, 1-35 months) had rotavirus and had a completed initial questionnaire on record. Prior healthcare provider visits had occurred in 104 (52.3%) before and 50/172 (29.1%) @entity1 2 weeks after the ED visit. The mean healthcare cost of the ED visit alone was 218.10 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 198, 238), and the mean societal cost was 261.40 (95% CI: 240, 283). Including both total healthcare and parental costs, this increased to a mean total societal cost of 674.80 (95% CI: 578, 771) per episode of @entity6425 . CONCLUSIONS: Both the pre- and postvisit costs contribute substantially to the societal costs associated with an ED visit for @entity6425 . In Canada, we estimate that the annual healthcare cost for @entity1 requiring a rotavirus ED visit ranges from 4.5 to 9.3 million, but when parental costs are included, the total societal cost ranges from 8.9 to 18.4 million.

2099718

2099719

2099720

Long-term tympanic membrane pathology dynamics and spontaneous healing in XXXX media.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity1 in the developing parts of the world have a high prevalence of @entity102 media (CSOM). It is estimated that 65 to 330 million @entity1 worldwide have CSOM, yet very little is known about the natural course of the disease. The Inuit population of the Arctic regions is among those with the highest prevalences of CSOM. The aim of this study was to examine the long-term tympanic membrane changes since childhood among Inuit adolescents in Greenland and estimate the proportion of individuals affected by CSOM. METHODS: Follow-up study (2009) on a population-based cohort of 591 @entity1 originally examined during 1993 to 1994 at 3 to 8 years of age. Follow-up was attempted among 348 individuals still living in the areas. Video otoscopy and tympanometry were used. Data on @entity2169 , ear surgery, and antibiotic use for @entity2346 media were collected from medical records. RESULTS: Of 226 @entity1 (65% of those contacted; median age, 22 years), 28 (12%) had present CSOM or had been surgically treated. Eleven were new cases of CSOM not seen between 1993 and 1994. Of those with CSOM in the initial study, 39% had healed spontaneously. The proportion of spontaneous healing was not influenced by the age at which CSOM was diagnosed in the initial study. Thirty-nine individuals (17%) had CSOM in either the initial study or at follow-up. Of these, 2 had never received antibiotic treatment for @entity2346 media, and 15 had been treated less than 3 times. Eighty individuals (35%) at follow-up had CSOM, had undergone ear surgery, or had sequelae in the form of circular @entity194 or @entity14360 . CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of spontaneous healing and the findings of new cases show that CSOM is a dynamic disease both on the individual as well as on the population level. Every third @entity1 at follow-up had a perforation or sequelae from recurrent or long-lasting perforations, indicating a @entity66 from @entity2346 media larger than what can be estimated in cross-sectional studies. There is a potential for increased treatment of @entity2346 media in this population, which requires raised awareness of the disease in the population and the creation of guidelines customized to conditions in Greenland.

2099721

2099722

2099723

[Diagnostic values of double-balloon enteroscopy and abdominal computed tomography in XXXX ].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic values of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) and abdominal computed tomography (CT) in @entity29 . METHODS: Seventy eight DBE procedures were carried out in 70 @entity1 , 40 males and 30 females; aged 47.7 (16 - 83) with suspected @entity29 , all of whom received gastroscopy, colonoscopy, and abdominal CT examination at the same time. The diagnostic value of DBE was compared with that of CT. RESULTS: Seventeen kinds of small bowel lesions were detected, mainly including @entity30 , @entity420 , @entity1820 , @entity455 , @entity706 , @entity7261 , and @entity1127 . There were no complications and all procedures were tolerated well. The mean duration of procedure was 110 min (30 - 240 min). Nineteen @entity1 received surgical intervention. The diagnostic yield rate of DBE was 57.1% (40/70), significantly higher than that of CT (31.4%, 22/70, P < 0.01). The positive diagnosis rate of DBE combined with CT was 62.9% (44/70), not significant different from that of the DBE alone (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: DBE shows a significantly higher diagnostic yield than CT in @entity1 with suspected @entity29 , and thus should be selected for the initial diagnosis. DBE Combined with CT did not increase the diagnostic yield. However, CT not only provides direction of intubation for DBE, but also clearly depicts the small bowel wall and extraenteric alterations. DBE and CT compliment each other in examining the @entity1 with suspected @entity29 .

2099724

2099725

2099726

Oral corticosteroid trials in the management of stable XXXX .

multiple_choice

Although recent guidelines for managing @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) recommend a trial of oral @entity288 in the initial assessment, its prognostic value remains unclear. We prospectively studied 127 adults (64% @entity1 ) with stable @entity1030 (FEV1/FVC < 60%) over 1 year. At entry, we measured lung volumes, gas transfer factor, respiratory symptoms (by questionnaire), and peripheral blood eosinophil count. Skin-prick testing was done, and spirometry after nebulized 5 mg @entity3045 and, after 2 weeks, oral @entity617 . Physician A gave all @entity1 inhaled @entity2715 (800 mcg/day), whereas physician B prescribed this only to those with a positive oral corticosteroid trial. At 1 year, spirometry and respiratory questionnaire were repeated, with an estimate of overall symptom severity on a visual analogue scale. Follow-up data were available in 104 (82%) @entity1 . Of these, 32 (31%) were unresponsive to @entity3045 and @entity617 ; 48 (46%) were responsive to beta agonists but not to @entity288 , and 24 (23%) responded to @entity288 and @entity3045 . @entity1 in all groups were comparable, except that the @entity617 responders had a higher mean eosinophil count (p < 0.001) and more were ex-smokers (p < 0.001). Only the response to oral @entity617 correlated with the change in prebronchodilator FEV1 over 1 year. Oral @entity617 responders had higher FEV1 at 1 year (p < 0.02) and significantly lower symptom scores (p < 0.02). In @entity1030 , corticosteroid trials contribute information additional to that gained from nebulized bronchodilator reversibility testing. @entity1 with a positive response to a corticosteroid trial are more likely to have improved symptomatically and spirometrically at 1 year.

2099727

2099728

2099729

[Biochemical modulation of XXXX --effect of low dose CDDP].

multiple_choice

A pilot study of continuous or intermittent low dose @entity1487 and @entity900 chemotherapy (low-dose FP therapy) was conducted at the Department of Surgery of Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine (Group A) and Sapporo Tsukisamu Hospital, and at the Department of Internal Medicine of the Kochi Prefectural Center Hospital (Group B). The cases with @entity418 , @entity5 , @entity5 or @entity694 co-existing with their inoperable lesion(s) were considered in this chemotherapy. The rates of complete and partial response and of side effects were studied. Also, the effects of low-dose FP on the prognosis of the @entity1 with @entity788 were investigated. The procedure consisted of continuous @entity1487 320 mg/m2 i.v. with daily CDDP 2.5 mg/m2 i.v. for five days/week rescue was performed for at least four weeks as a rule. The rates of complete response and partial response were 64% (Group A) and 56% (Group B) in @entity418 , 62% (Group A and B) in @entity5 , 48% (Group A) and 57% (Group B) in @entity694 , and 8% (Group A) and 21% (Group B). The overall response rate was 57.8%. The frequencies of severe side effect(s) (grades 3 and 4) were within three to eight percent, and no death from side effect(s) was experienced. The effects of low-dose FP therapy on the prognosis of stage IV @entity694 and stage IV b @entity788 were studied retrospectively. It is suggested that this chemotherapy might contribute to the survival of @entity1 with these two @entity5 . Otherwise, the chemotherapy of intermittent administration (day by day) of @entity1487 750 mg/m2 i.v. and CDDP 2.5 mg/m2 i.v. was selected in order to decrease the rate of side effects and their severity. The pilot study encountered no severe side effects, no cases with grade 4 side effect were experienced but the remission rates were mostly similar to that of sequential low-dose FP therapy. However, the side effect of low grade ones as symptoms in gastrointestinal tract were observed in more @entity1 . We concluded that sequential or intermittent @entity1487 /CDDP therapy might be fairly effective, and since the adjuvant chemotherapy of choice for advanced or recurrent @entity1820 , their FP therapy might be one of the adjuvant treatments.

2099730

2099731

2099732

[The control survey in XXXX marker analysis of leukemic cells].

multiple_choice

Analysis of cell surface antigens is thought to be more objective compared to classification by the morphology. However, it has been indicated that the evaluated data are different each other between institutes. Therefore, we performed a control survey of @entity1050 marker analysis in @entity1778 cells using flow cytometry in six commercial laboratories. The expression of @entity3138 , 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 19, 20, 33, 34, 38, and 71, HLA-DR in @entity5 cells from @entity10706 , @entity981 crisis of @entity1860 , and @entity981 @entity1 , were examined. There were large differences in the results of @entity1050 marker analysis among the six commercial laboratories. One possible reason for this result is the differences in gating condition and monoclonal antibodies used in each laboratory. However, there were the differences in the results even when the same gating condition and antibodies were used. The reasons for the difference in transport or treatment conditions for samples remain a matter of considerable controversy. In the present condition, it was suggested that the exchange of information about the origin of @entity5 cells between the physician in charge and examination experts is thought to be the best way to analyze proper cell surface antigen expression. Further, no national survey has been carried out, but the establishment of a standard assay is preferred to obtain proper data for the @entity1 and medical parties concerned.

2099733

2099734

2099735

How to improve the cardiac prognosis for XXXX .

multiple_choice

@entity65 is a leading cause of @entity204 in @entity6 @entity1 . It has been reported to count for almost 80% of all @entity204 . About three-fourths of these @entity204 result from @entity453 . Studies have shown that @entity6 @entity1 who have had an @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have a mortality of about twice that of nondiabetic @entity1 . Various medications have been shown to improve the prognosis among @entity6 @entity1 suffering from @entity741 . They include beta-blockers, thrombolytic agents, @entity117 , ACE inhibitors, and lipid-lowering drugs. Experiences indicate that treatment with beta-blockers, thrombolytic agents, and ACE inhibitors is particularly advantageous in @entity6 @entity1 who have suffered @entity583 . Metabolic control also may be of major importance during the acute @entity299 because it is assumed that @entity844 metabolism is increased with a compromised glycolysis not only in @entity63 but also in the nonischemic areas. One way to suppress free @entity844 oxidation is by the infusion of insulin- @entity413 . In the Swedish @entity6 and Insulin @entity413 Infusion in Acute @entity583 (DIGAMI) Study, @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity583 were randomized to receive insulin- @entity413 infusion followed by intensive subcutaneous insulin treatment or to be control subjects. The 1-year mortality was reduced 30% by insulin treatment. @entity6 @entity1 who suffer from @entity453 have a particularly adverse prognosis. Previous experiences indicate that treatment with beta-blockers, thrombolytic agents, and ACE inhibitors is particularly advantageous in @entity6 @entity1 who have suffered @entity583 . @entity117 and lipid-lowering drugs should be offered to these @entity1 on traditional indications as well. Metabolic control seems to be of major importance for the outcome.

2099736

2099737

2099738

XXXX : analysis of 14 cases.

multiple_choice

OBJECT: Pediatric cases of @entity3553 (SDE) are both rare and associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study was to report @entity1 characteristics, treatment, and outcome in an exclusively pediatric series of SDE cases. METHODS: A series of 14 pediatric cases of infratentorial SDE was retrospectively analyzed. All @entity1 were treated between 1994 and 2004. Sixty-four percent of the @entity1 were @entity1 ; the majority of cases occurred during the summer months. Clinical features included @entity10 , @entity221 , @entity391 , meningism, and @entity2972 . Cerebellar signs were found only in 21% of @entity1 . In 85.7% of the cases, the @entity1 presented with a depressed level of consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale Scores 11-15). In 79.6%, pus collection was seen over the cerebellar convexity; interhemispheric and tentorial collections were also observed in some cases. @entity1276 was present in 92.9% of @entity1 . Five @entity1 required external ventricular drainage during surgery or postoperatively. Shunt placement was required in 21% of cases. All @entity1 were treated with antibiotic therapy and surgery (bur holes in 21% of the cases, craniectomy in 79%). Pus cultures demonstrated microbial infection in 71.4%, and @entity325 in 21%. Four @entity1 required repeated surgery for reaccumulation of pus. @entity260 developed in three @entity1 . All 14 @entity1 survived. At follow up, the Glasgow Outcome Scale scores were 4 or 5 in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment are crucial in cases of SDE. With appropriate surgery, antibiotic therapy, and management of @entity1276 , good outcome can be expected.

2099739

2099740

2099741

Pathological, immunohistochemical, and in-situ hybridization studies of natural cases of @entity22131 ( XXXX ) in @entity1707 .

multiple_choice

Fifteen @entity1707 from five farms on which there had been a previous clinical and histopathological diagnosis of @entity22131 ( @entity22131 ) were investigated. At necropsy, enlargement of lymph nodes was the most obvious lesion; other lesions were non-collapsed lungs, @entity2275 oesophagica, and @entity358 . @entity75 attributable to @entity22131 were found in lymphoid organs (including lymph nodes, tonsil, Peyer's patches and spleen), liver, kidney and lungs. Varying degrees of lymphocellular depletion, affecting both lymphoid follicles and parafollicular zones, and progressive multifocal to diffuse infiltration of lymphoid tissue by large histiocytic cells were the characteristic lesions. Syncytial cells were seen frequently, especially in lymphoid organs. A prominent finding was the presence of sharply demarcated, spherical, basophilic, cytoplasmic inclusions in histiocytic cells. The @entity706 were suggestive of immunosuppression. Non- @entity706 included @entity401 , periportal mononuclear inflammatory infiltration of the liver in varying degrees, and @entity1986 . Porcine circovirus (PCV) antigen and nucleic acid were regularly found in lymphoid organs, lung, liver and, to a lesser degree, kidney. Target cells for @entity1485 replication included monocyte/macrophage lineage and antigen-presenting cells. To a lesser extent, epithelial cells such as renal tubular, bronchial and bronchiolar cells, endothelial cells, hepatocytes and lymphocytes were also labelled. One @entity1707 did not show @entity1485 nucleic acid; sequence differences among different viral isolates are discussed as the probable cause of this lack of labelling by the in-situ hybridization @entity1485 -specific probe.

2099742

2099743

2099744

Pathological, immunohistochemical, and in-situ hybridization studies of natural cases of XXXX ( @entity22131 ) in @entity1707 .

multiple_choice

Fifteen @entity1707 from five farms on which there had been a previous clinical and histopathological diagnosis of @entity22131 ( @entity22131 ) were investigated. At necropsy, enlargement of lymph nodes was the most obvious lesion; other lesions were non-collapsed lungs, @entity2275 oesophagica, and @entity358 . @entity75 attributable to @entity22131 were found in lymphoid organs (including lymph nodes, tonsil, Peyer's patches and spleen), liver, kidney and lungs. Varying degrees of lymphocellular depletion, affecting both lymphoid follicles and parafollicular zones, and progressive multifocal to diffuse infiltration of lymphoid tissue by large histiocytic cells were the characteristic lesions. Syncytial cells were seen frequently, especially in lymphoid organs. A prominent finding was the presence of sharply demarcated, spherical, basophilic, cytoplasmic inclusions in histiocytic cells. The @entity706 were suggestive of immunosuppression. Non- @entity706 included @entity401 , periportal mononuclear inflammatory infiltration of the liver in varying degrees, and @entity1986 . Porcine circovirus (PCV) antigen and nucleic acid were regularly found in lymphoid organs, lung, liver and, to a lesser degree, kidney. Target cells for @entity1485 replication included monocyte/macrophage lineage and antigen-presenting cells. To a lesser extent, epithelial cells such as renal tubular, bronchial and bronchiolar cells, endothelial cells, hepatocytes and lymphocytes were also labelled. One @entity1707 did not show @entity1485 nucleic acid; sequence differences among different viral isolates are discussed as the probable cause of this lack of labelling by the in-situ hybridization @entity1485 -specific probe.

2099745

2099746

2099747

Pathological, immunohistochemical, and in-situ hybridization studies of natural cases of @entity22131 ( @entity22131 ) in XXXX .

multiple_choice

Fifteen @entity1707 from five farms on which there had been a previous clinical and histopathological diagnosis of @entity22131 ( @entity22131 ) were investigated. At necropsy, enlargement of lymph nodes was the most obvious lesion; other lesions were non-collapsed lungs, @entity2275 oesophagica, and @entity358 . @entity75 attributable to @entity22131 were found in lymphoid organs (including lymph nodes, tonsil, Peyer's patches and spleen), liver, kidney and lungs. Varying degrees of lymphocellular depletion, affecting both lymphoid follicles and parafollicular zones, and progressive multifocal to diffuse infiltration of lymphoid tissue by large histiocytic cells were the characteristic lesions. Syncytial cells were seen frequently, especially in lymphoid organs. A prominent finding was the presence of sharply demarcated, spherical, basophilic, cytoplasmic inclusions in histiocytic cells. The @entity706 were suggestive of immunosuppression. Non- @entity706 included @entity401 , periportal mononuclear inflammatory infiltration of the liver in varying degrees, and @entity1986 . Porcine circovirus (PCV) antigen and nucleic acid were regularly found in lymphoid organs, lung, liver and, to a lesser degree, kidney. Target cells for @entity1485 replication included monocyte/macrophage lineage and antigen-presenting cells. To a lesser extent, epithelial cells such as renal tubular, bronchial and bronchiolar cells, endothelial cells, hepatocytes and lymphocytes were also labelled. One @entity1707 did not show @entity1485 nucleic acid; sequence differences among different viral isolates are discussed as the probable cause of this lack of labelling by the in-situ hybridization @entity1485 -specific probe.

2099748

2099749

2099750

The @entity921 -responsive repressor Mur of XXXX is a member of the Fur-superfamily that recognizes an unusual operator sequence.

multiple_choice

The @entity921 uptake regulator Mur of @entity14441 is a close homologue of the global @entity68 regulatory protein Fur. Mur represses the sitABCD operon, which encodes a @entity3281 transport system, specifically in response to @entity3281 but not @entity8798 . In previous work the authors mapped the 5' ends of two sit operon transcripts, termed TS1 and TS2, which were co-ordinately regulated by @entity3281 -Mur, but this paper now shows that only TS1 is a primary transcript. DNase I protection analyses showed that purified Mur bound, with similar affinity, to two sites in the regulatory region of sitABCD, but only when @entity3281 was present in the reaction buffer. These @entity3281 -Mur-binding sites, termed MRS1 and MRS2 (Mur-responsive sequence), were closely related in sequence to each other and were separated by 16 bp, spanning the transcription initiation site TS1. The extent of the protected DNA was 34 and 31 bp for MRS1 and MRS2, respectively, which is in accord with other members of the Fur family. The DNA sequences recognized by @entity3281 -Mur are wholly different from conventional Fur boxes, but some similarities to a recognition sequence for the Fur regulator from @entity19062 were noted. Transcription analysis of the @entity14441 mur gene showed its expression to be independent of @entity3281 -Mur. Thus, Mur is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that responds in vitro to @entity921 , and thus can occlude RNA polymerase access to the sitABCD promoter. Moreover, Mur recognizes a DNA sequence atypical for the Fur superfamily and, like Fur from @entity19063 , defines a new subclass of Fur-like transcriptional regulators.

2099751

2099752

2099753

The XXXX -responsive repressor Mur of @entity14441 is a member of the Fur-superfamily that recognizes an unusual operator sequence.

multiple_choice

The @entity921 uptake regulator Mur of @entity14441 is a close homologue of the global @entity68 regulatory protein Fur. Mur represses the sitABCD operon, which encodes a @entity3281 transport system, specifically in response to @entity3281 but not @entity8798 . In previous work the authors mapped the 5' ends of two sit operon transcripts, termed TS1 and TS2, which were co-ordinately regulated by @entity3281 -Mur, but this paper now shows that only TS1 is a primary transcript. DNase I protection analyses showed that purified Mur bound, with similar affinity, to two sites in the regulatory region of sitABCD, but only when @entity3281 was present in the reaction buffer. These @entity3281 -Mur-binding sites, termed MRS1 and MRS2 (Mur-responsive sequence), were closely related in sequence to each other and were separated by 16 bp, spanning the transcription initiation site TS1. The extent of the protected DNA was 34 and 31 bp for MRS1 and MRS2, respectively, which is in accord with other members of the Fur family. The DNA sequences recognized by @entity3281 -Mur are wholly different from conventional Fur boxes, but some similarities to a recognition sequence for the Fur regulator from @entity19062 were noted. Transcription analysis of the @entity14441 mur gene showed its expression to be independent of @entity3281 -Mur. Thus, Mur is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that responds in vitro to @entity921 , and thus can occlude RNA polymerase access to the sitABCD promoter. Moreover, Mur recognizes a DNA sequence atypical for the Fur superfamily and, like Fur from @entity19063 , defines a new subclass of Fur-like transcriptional regulators.

2099754

2099755

2099756

The efficacy and safety of adjunct XXXX therapy for levodopa-induced motor complications: a systematic review.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of adjunct @entity2847 (BR) compared with placebo in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) who have motor complications. DESIGN: A systematic review of the literature from 1966-1999 on randomized, controlled trials. Outcome measures were occurrence and severity of motor complications, scores on @entity717 , and the occurrence of side effects. RESULTS: We included eight trials of which the methodologic quality of seven showed important shortcomings. All studies failed to adequately describe randomization procedures and seven studies failed to report sample size calculations. Only one trial was analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. It frequently remained unclear if @entity1 with @entity191 actually had motor complications. Differences between studies concerning the baseline characteristics, the BR titration phase, and the applied outcomes were found. The various methods used to evaluate the occurrence and/or severity of motor complications lacked a sound clinimetric basis. A great diversity of @entity717 scales were applied. For those studies that reported the incidence of side effects, no clear pattern of BR-related side effects emerged. A trend was found for @entity551 , which more frequently resulted in withdrawal of @entity1 in the BR group. CONCLUSIONS: Major methodologic problems and sources of heterogeneity not only hamper the comparability of trials, but also preclude a conclusion on the efficacy and safety of BR in the adjunct treatment of @entity1 with @entity191 who have motor complications.

2099757

2099758

2099759

Interaction of zwitterionic XXXX with the OmpF channel facilitates their translocation.

multiple_choice

To study translocation of @entity8545 antibiotics of different size and charge across the outer bacterial membrane, we combine an analysis of ion currents through single trimeric outer membrane protein F (OmpF) porins in planar lipid bilayers with molecular dynamics simulations. Because the size of @entity114 molecules is close to the size of the narrowest part of the OmpF pore, @entity114 occlude the pore during their translocation. Favorably interacting @entity114 cause time-resolvable transient blockages of the small-ion current through the channel and thereby provide information about their dynamics within the pore. Analyzing these random fluctuations, we find that @entity869 and @entity115 have a relatively high affinity for OmpF. In contrast, no or only a weak interaction is detected for @entity7911 , @entity17286 , and @entity3400 . Molecular dynamics simulations suggest a possible pathway of these drugs through the OmpF channel and rationalize our experimental findings. For zwitterionic @entity869 and @entity115 , we identify a region of binding sites near the narrowest part of the channel pore. Interactions with these sites partially compensate for the entropic cost of drug confinement by the channel. Whereas @entity17286 and @entity3400 are clearly too big to pass through the channel constriction, dianionic @entity7911 does not find an efficient binding region in the constriction zone. @entity7911 's favorable interactions are limited to the extracellular vestibule. These observations confirm our earlier suggestion that a set of high-affinity sites at the narrowest part of the OmpF channel improves a drug's ability to cross the membrane via the pore.

2099760

2099761

2099762

[ XXXX treatment with @entity64 unit and rehabilitation by a team. A model for a staged management].

multiple_choice

This is a report of an interdisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment of @entity64 , combining a @entity64 unit and rehabilitation in one clinic. This series contains unselected @entity1 from a narrow surrounding. Mean age of 559 @entity1 was 68.7 years (median 70 years). 25% of @entity1 had an initial Barthel index of < 30, 20% presented with TIA's and PRIND's. 9% suffered from @entity1779 . The unbroken chain of care allowed a relative short length of stay in the acute care (9.4 days) without prolonging the rehabilitation phase. The one month mortality was 6.7%, one year mortality 18.3%. Discharge to a nursing home was necessary in 5.4%. Overall more than 90% of our @entity1 have been treated continuously in our clinic. Combining modern diagnostics with early onset rehabilitation seem advantageous.

2099763

2099764

2099765

[ @entity64 treatment with XXXX unit and rehabilitation by a team. A model for a staged management].

multiple_choice

This is a report of an interdisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment of @entity64 , combining a @entity64 unit and rehabilitation in one clinic. This series contains unselected @entity1 from a narrow surrounding. Mean age of 559 @entity1 was 68.7 years (median 70 years). 25% of @entity1 had an initial Barthel index of < 30, 20% presented with TIA's and PRIND's. 9% suffered from @entity1779 . The unbroken chain of care allowed a relative short length of stay in the acute care (9.4 days) without prolonging the rehabilitation phase. The one month mortality was 6.7%, one year mortality 18.3%. Discharge to a nursing home was necessary in 5.4%. Overall more than 90% of our @entity1 have been treated continuously in our clinic. Combining modern diagnostics with early onset rehabilitation seem advantageous.

2099766

2099767

2099768

An audit of the effect of intravenous antibiotic treatment on spirometric measures of pulmonary function in XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: This retrospective audit was undertaken to compare the efficacy of home intravenous (i.v.) antibiotic therapy, hospital i.v. antibiotic therapy and a combination of these 2 approaches, as determined by spirometric measures of lung function in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 , each with an acute respiratory exacerbation. METHODS: Pulmonary function, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow rate between 25 per cent and 75 per cent of vital capacity (FEF25-75), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were compared between groups at the beginning and at the end of an IV antibiotic course. RESULTS: Treatment of exacerbations resulted in a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in lung function irrespective of where @entity1 were treated. The percentage improvement in FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75, were significantly greater in @entity1 treated in hospital compared to those who had home i.v. treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hospital i.v. antibiotic therapy resulted in greater improvements in FEV1, FVC and FEF25-75 than home i.v. antibiotic therapy in @entity1577 @entity1 with an acute @entity1729 .

2099769

2099770

2099771

Effect of the Glycine Antagonist Gavestinel on cerebral infarcts in XXXX @entity1 , a randomized placebo-controlled trial: The GAIN MRI Substudy.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gavestinel, @entity44844 , is a selective antagonist at the @entity2228 site of the @entity1024 receptor. The safety and efficacy of @entity44844 were studied in two phase III randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials of acute @entity63 @entity64 @entity1 within 6 h from onset [The Glycine Antagonist in Neuroprotection (GAIN) International and GAIN Americas Trials]. A planned MRI substudy within these trials investigated the effect of gavestinel on @entity1188 volume. METHODS: @entity1 enrolled in the GAIN trials at designated MRI substudy sites were eligible if they had a pretreatment acute cortical lesion on diffusion-weighted MRI of at least 1.5 cm diameter or 5 cm(3). Final lesion assessment was performed on T(2)-weighted MRI at month 3. Blinded image analysis was performed centrally. The primary hypothesis was that gavestinel would attenuate lesion growth from baseline relative to placebo. RESULTS: A total of 106 @entity1 were eligible, 75 (34 gavestinel, 41 placebo) of whom had month 3 scans (primary analysis population). No effects of gavestinel on @entity1188 volume were observed in the primary or other analyses. However, significant associations of lesion volume to clinical severity and outcomes were observed. @entity2806 was predictive of substantial clinical improvement. CONCLUSION: Consistent with the clinical outcomes in the GAIN trials, no effects of @entity44844 on @entity1188 was observed. Concordance of results of the clinical outcome trials with those of this @entity1188 volume substudy as well the associations of @entity1188 volume to clinical outcomes further support the potential role of @entity1188 volume as a marker of outcome in dose finding and proof of principle @entity64 trials.

2099772

2099773

2099774

Effect of the Glycine Antagonist Gavestinel on cerebral infarcts in @entity64 XXXX , a randomized placebo-controlled trial: The GAIN MRI Substudy.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gavestinel, @entity44844 , is a selective antagonist at the @entity2228 site of the @entity1024 receptor. The safety and efficacy of @entity44844 were studied in two phase III randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials of acute @entity63 @entity64 @entity1 within 6 h from onset [The Glycine Antagonist in Neuroprotection (GAIN) International and GAIN Americas Trials]. A planned MRI substudy within these trials investigated the effect of gavestinel on @entity1188 volume. METHODS: @entity1 enrolled in the GAIN trials at designated MRI substudy sites were eligible if they had a pretreatment acute cortical lesion on diffusion-weighted MRI of at least 1.5 cm diameter or 5 cm(3). Final lesion assessment was performed on T(2)-weighted MRI at month 3. Blinded image analysis was performed centrally. The primary hypothesis was that gavestinel would attenuate lesion growth from baseline relative to placebo. RESULTS: A total of 106 @entity1 were eligible, 75 (34 gavestinel, 41 placebo) of whom had month 3 scans (primary analysis population). No effects of gavestinel on @entity1188 volume were observed in the primary or other analyses. However, significant associations of lesion volume to clinical severity and outcomes were observed. @entity2806 was predictive of substantial clinical improvement. CONCLUSION: Consistent with the clinical outcomes in the GAIN trials, no effects of @entity44844 on @entity1188 was observed. Concordance of results of the clinical outcome trials with those of this @entity1188 volume substudy as well the associations of @entity1188 volume to clinical outcomes further support the potential role of @entity1188 volume as a marker of outcome in dose finding and proof of principle @entity64 trials.

2099775

2099776

2099777

XXXX : diagnosis and treatment.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: It was the aim of this study to report clinical characteristics and treatment of @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ). METHODS: During 16 years, 2,426 @entity1 have been operated on the thyroid in the surgical department 'A' in Ibn Sina Hospital, Rabat, Morocco. Anatomopathological results of the removed thyroid were analyzed for evidence of @entity378 . RESULTS: Eight cases of @entity1374 were diagnosed. Five @entity1 had a @entity5651 and 3 @entity1 had an isolated nodule of the thyroid. In one case, fine-needle aspiration cytology gave the diagnosis of @entity1374 . This @entity1 had a complete drainage of the abscess. In all other @entity1 , the diagnosis was given after surgery. All @entity1 received additional antituberculous drugs for 6 months, and follow-up was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: @entity1374 does not have any consistent symptoms. Fine-needle aspiration is the best method for diagnosis and can result in the avoidance of surgery.

2099778

2099779

2099780

Identification of differentially expressed genes between fetal and adult XXXX kidney: candidate gene in kidney development.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The kidney development involves a wide variety of developmental processes requiring a lot of genes expressed in a sequential manner. The aim of the present study is to identify new genes involved in these processes. METHODS: To obtain a view of the @entity19 embryonic kidney transcriptome we used the SADE method, which allows large-scale quantitative gene expression measurements. RESULTS: 7,689 tags were sequenced from our library. Among the 4,507 unique transcripts yielded, 64% correspond to known genes, 22% ESTs, 12% unidentified genes. 472 genes were differentially expressed as compared to published adult kidney library. Among these, we identified several candidate genes and focused on a particular one: @entity52366 ( @entity52366 ), an actin-sequestering protein more highly expressed in fetal kidney. First we studied the in vivo expression patterns of @entity52366 transcript during kidney development. @entity52366 increases throughout the kidney development and remains high during active nephrogenesis. Moreover, the spatial distribution of @entity52366 mRNA was analysed and reveals that during active nephrogenesis (i.e., 18 dpc) @entity52366 is localised in differentiating glomeruli. In adult kidney, @entity52366 remains expressed in podocytes and collecting ducts. CONCLUSION: Our results provide the first demonstration of @entity52366 production in vivo by embryonic kidney and further show that @entity52366 is implicated in kidney organogenesis.

2099781

2099782

2099783

Mutations in 12 genes for inherited ovarian, fallopian tube, and XXXX identified by massively parallel sequencing.

multiple_choice

Inherited loss-of-function mutations in @entity5345 and @entity2674 and other @entity5 suppressor genes predispose to @entity43 , but the overall burden of disease due to inherited mutations is not known. Using targeted capture and massively parallel genomic sequencing, we screened for germ-line mutations in 21 @entity5 suppressor genes in genomic DNA from @entity1 with primary @entity43 . Subjects were consecutively enrolled at diagnosis and not selected for age or family history. All classes of mutations, including point mutations and large genomic deletions and insertions, were detected. Of 360 subjects, 24% carried germ-line loss-of-function mutations: 18% in @entity5345 or @entity2674 and 6% in @entity36524 , @entity9518 , @entity9516 , @entity15124 , @entity4638 , @entity9485 , @entity9517 , @entity15125 , @entity24717 , or @entity876 . Six of these genes were not previously implicated in inherited @entity43 . Primary @entity189 were generally characterized by genomic loss of normal alleles of the mutant genes. Of @entity1 with inherited mutations, >30% had no family history of @entity5344 , and >35% were 60 y or older at diagnosis. More @entity1 with @entity43 carry @entity5 -predisposing mutations and in more genes than previously appreciated. Comprehensive genetic testing for inherited @entity189 is warranted for all @entity1 with @entity43 , regardless of age or family history. Clinical genetic testing is currently done gene by gene, with each test costing thousands of dollars. In contrast, massively parallel sequencing allows such testing for many genes simultaneously at low cost.

2099784

2099785

2099786

XXXX in @entity1 : an epidemiological study at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital Kathmandu.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relative frequencies of various @entity302 and to study the age at onset of different @entity410 types in Nepalese @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Hospital outpatient based in Kathmandu, Nepal, between November 2001 to October 2002. @entity1 : 50 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity410 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Diagnosis and classification of cases according to the International Classification of @entity302 of the International League Against @entity302 [ILAE] and number of @entity1 in each category with various ages at first @entity410 . RESULT: Generalized @entity410 (78%) were 3.54 times commoner than partial @entity410 (22%). Most frequent @entity410 types were generalized tonic clonic (36%), tonic (16%), complex partial (14%), atonic (12%) and absence (10%). Generalized clonic, simple partial and partial with secondary generalization, each had less than 5% frequencies. In 40% cases the first @entity410 occurred when aged between 2-5 years. In partial @entity410 the peak age at onset was observed below 6 years while primary generalized @entity410 was more frequently seen in age group 2-10 years. CONCLUSION: More paediatric @entity1 with primary generalized @entity410 (78%) were observed than with partial @entity410 (22%). In this age group, the most frequent @entity410 type was generalized tonic clonic (36%) with the peak frequency of age at onset of @entity410 in 2-5 years.

2099787

2099788

2099789

@entity302 in XXXX : an epidemiological study at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital Kathmandu.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relative frequencies of various @entity302 and to study the age at onset of different @entity410 types in Nepalese @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Hospital outpatient based in Kathmandu, Nepal, between November 2001 to October 2002. @entity1 : 50 @entity1 diagnosed as @entity410 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Diagnosis and classification of cases according to the International Classification of @entity302 of the International League Against @entity302 [ILAE] and number of @entity1 in each category with various ages at first @entity410 . RESULT: Generalized @entity410 (78%) were 3.54 times commoner than partial @entity410 (22%). Most frequent @entity410 types were generalized tonic clonic (36%), tonic (16%), complex partial (14%), atonic (12%) and absence (10%). Generalized clonic, simple partial and partial with secondary generalization, each had less than 5% frequencies. In 40% cases the first @entity410 occurred when aged between 2-5 years. In partial @entity410 the peak age at onset was observed below 6 years while primary generalized @entity410 was more frequently seen in age group 2-10 years. CONCLUSION: More paediatric @entity1 with primary generalized @entity410 (78%) were observed than with partial @entity410 (22%). In this age group, the most frequent @entity410 type was generalized tonic clonic (36%) with the peak frequency of age at onset of @entity410 in 2-5 years.

2099790

2099791

2099792

Radiofrequency for the treatment of XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: We assessed the efficacy of submucosal application of radiofrequency to the inferior turbinate for the treatment of @entity25488 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity25488 (9 males, 11 females; mean age 29.2 years; range 20 to 40 years) were treated with radiofrequency applied to the inferior turbinate. Symptoms such as @entity8968 , sneezing, and watery nasal discharge were graded with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS) before, and on days 1, 3, 7, 30, 60, 90, and 180 after the treatment. RESULTS: The severity of symptoms began to decrease following the first week after the application. Maximum relief was achieved between 30 to 60 days after the intervention. The highest rate of improvement (85.4%) was reported in sneezing, followed by @entity8968 (76.4%) and nasal discharge (67.7%). The mean VAS scores showed a significant improvement in all symptoms between 7 to 180 days after the procedure (p<0.05). The rate of @entity1 satisfaction was 90% for the relief of @entity8968 and sneezing, and 80% for nasal discharge. Complaints about @entity25488 increased up to a severity near the pretreatment level in eight @entity1 on the 180th postoperative day and the procedure was repeated. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that radiofrequency may be used as an alternative treatment option in @entity1 with @entity25488 .

2099793

2099794

2099795

Increased serum XXXX levels in chronic stage of @entity385 .

multiple_choice

Serum lipoperoxidation products such as @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) reflect oxidative stress. There are contradictory results addressing the levels of lipoperoxidation products in chronic phase of @entity385 . In the present study, we aimed to determine the serum @entity1865 levels in @entity64 @entity1 6 months after the cerebrovascular accident. We also compared serum @entity1865 levels in two major groups of @entity1 with @entity385 resulting from small vessel and large vessel diseases, respectively. Serum @entity1865 levels of thirty-eight @entity1 who had @entity385 (19 with @entity385 and 19 with @entity1188 ) and 30 healthy volunteers were measured. While there was no significant difference in serum @entity1865 levels between the chronic @entity385 subgroups (p = 0.795), the serum @entity1865 levels of @entity1 with @entity385 (p < 0.001) or with @entity1188 (p < 0.001) were significantly higher compared to the control group. We also demonstrated that serum @entity1865 levels of the @entity1 with and those without @entity101 (p = 0.846), @entity6 (p = 0.891), or @entity2299 (p = 0.38) were not significantly different. In conclusion, serum @entity1865 levels were elevated in @entity64 @entity1 with small or large vessel diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that serum @entity1865 levels of these two groups are not significantly different. Furthermore, serum @entity1865 levels do not differ solely by the existence or nonexistence of @entity101 , @entity6 or @entity407 .

2099796

2099797

2099798

Increased serum @entity1234 levels in chronic stage of XXXX .

multiple_choice

Serum lipoperoxidation products such as @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) reflect oxidative stress. There are contradictory results addressing the levels of lipoperoxidation products in chronic phase of @entity385 . In the present study, we aimed to determine the serum @entity1865 levels in @entity64 @entity1 6 months after the cerebrovascular accident. We also compared serum @entity1865 levels in two major groups of @entity1 with @entity385 resulting from small vessel and large vessel diseases, respectively. Serum @entity1865 levels of thirty-eight @entity1 who had @entity385 (19 with @entity385 and 19 with @entity1188 ) and 30 healthy volunteers were measured. While there was no significant difference in serum @entity1865 levels between the chronic @entity385 subgroups (p = 0.795), the serum @entity1865 levels of @entity1 with @entity385 (p < 0.001) or with @entity1188 (p < 0.001) were significantly higher compared to the control group. We also demonstrated that serum @entity1865 levels of the @entity1 with and those without @entity101 (p = 0.846), @entity6 (p = 0.891), or @entity2299 (p = 0.38) were not significantly different. In conclusion, serum @entity1865 levels were elevated in @entity64 @entity1 with small or large vessel diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that serum @entity1865 levels of these two groups are not significantly different. Furthermore, serum @entity1865 levels do not differ solely by the existence or nonexistence of @entity101 , @entity6 or @entity407 .

2099799

2099800

2099801

[The prevalence of XXXX among health-care workers--a three-country comparison].

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: Health-care workers are regularly screened for @entity378 . To date, there has been no systematic analysis of the results of such a screening. A @entity1906 network for company doctors was created when interferon-y release assays (IGRAs) were introduced in order to systematically collate their experience with IGRAs in preventive check-ups. METHOD: Data have so far been recorded from 2,028 preventive check-ups. There are also data from preventive check-ups in France (n=148) and Portugal (n=2,889) for the purposes of a combined analysis. QuantiFERON- @entity1906 Gold In-Tube and the tuberculin skin test with RT23 were used in the three cohorts. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ) is dependent on age and country. Among young health-care workers (<25 years old), 3% had a positive IGRA in Germany, compared with 18% in Portugal. Among health-care workers aged 55 and over, 25% were positive in Germany and 45% were positive in Portugal. In the French cohort an increase from 23% to 33% was observed when the youngest and oldest age categories were compared. @entity378 has so far been diagnosed in 12 health-care workers in Portugal, four of whom developed culturally confirmed @entity1906 within the first two years following a positive IGRA. The risk of progression subsequent to a positive IGRA was 0.2% per annum. DISCUSSION: There is a low prevalence of @entity9178 among young health-care workers. In them a positive IGRA following close contact with an @entity166 @entity1 is likely to indicate @entity281 . Apart from that, older @entity281 appear to prevail, as the IGRA results depend greatly on age, and the risk of progression following a positive IGRA appears to be low in the study groups. A positive IGRA should therefore be interpreted with caution as an indication of the need for chemotherapy.

2099802

2099803

2099804

Malignant XXXX in eye.

multiple_choice

Malignant @entity6196 is an extremely rare @entity5 occurring in @entity1 younger than 5 years of age, arising from ciliary body epithelium or @entity1539 but few arise from optic nerve and retina. This report concerns a 5 years old @entity1 who presented with @entity158 , @entity2194 . Histopathologically, the @entity5 was composed of epithelial and @entity1358 component. The pseudostratified primitive appearing epithelial cells were arranged mainly in diffuse pattern, nests cords and tubules. At places, pseudo rosette and true rosette were seen. Mitoses were frequent consisting of 7-10/ HPF. The @entity1358 component consisting of spindle shaped cells arranged in interlacing bundle were also seen. Mitoses counted 5-7/HPF. Massive areas of @entity39 and @entity548 along with @entity730 , focal area of mature cartilage were present. Vascular and optic nerve invasions were seen. This case of malignant @entity6196 is the second case diagnosed in TU Teaching Hospital within the period of 10 years and reported because of its rarity. The differentiations from other @entity5 of the orbit such as small cell @entity5 were discussed.

2099805

2099806

2099807

Survival impact of XXXX phenotypes.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The low incidence of @entity14380 (ICTs) of the pancreas represents a challenge to precise post-therapeutic survival prediction. This study examined the survival impact of malignant @entity788 . METHODS: A pancreatic ICT data set was created from a US-based population database from 1980-2004. Prognostic factors with survival impact and relationships between surgical therapy and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 2,350 individuals with malignant ICTs. Histologic subtypes included @entity5 , @entity14380 , @entity3270 , and malignant @entity7581 , @entity9608 , @entity12983 , or @entity11563 . There was no difference in resection rates between FICTs and NFICTs (23% vs. 20%, P = ns). Median @entity1349 was 30 months, with group differences ranging from @entity189 (21) to @entity11563 (96; P < 0.0001). Median @entity1349 of resected versus unresected FICTs was 172 versus 37 months, while that of NFICTs was 113 versus 18 months (P < 0.0001). @entity3270 , hazard ratios were: @entity11563 0.48, @entity7581 0.65, @entity5 0.84, @entity12983 0.93, and @entity14380 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: When controlled for other established prognostic parameters, histopathologic subtype assignment of @entity4292 affects survival prediction. Resection is associated with superior survival for all @entity5 types.

2099808

2099809

2099810

[A common and insidious side-effect: XXXX caused by bufexamac used in the treatment of @entity1909 . Results from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IDVK)].

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Bufexamac is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug used in the topical treatment of @entity483 , @entity1909 and @entity484 . The substance is known to cause severe @entity3408 ( @entity3408 ) as an adverse effect (AE), which may be indistinguishable from the @entity484 which is to be treated. Hence the diagnosis of this AE is often considerably delayed. In order to estimate the quantitative importance of @entity3408 to bufexamac, data of the Information Network of (German) Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) from July 1999 to December 2004 were analysed. @entity1 AND METHODS: During the study period, 39,392 unselected @entity1 from 40 German departments of the IVDK were patch tested with bufexamac (5 % pet). The results of the reading after 72 hours were analysed. The dichotomized patch test result was further assessed for possible risk factors from the @entity1 ' history and clinical diagnosis by Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS: In 560 of 39,392 @entity1 contact @entity566 to bufexamac was diagnosed, i. e. 1.4 % (95 % confidence interval: 1.3 - 1.5), standardized for sex and age. The Poisson regression analysis revealed a significantly increased risk associated with the following factors: multiple sensitization, @entity484 , underlying @entity483 , @entity1909 , female gender and residence in areas of Germany other than Eastern Germany. The latter observation can be explained by low prescription rates in Eastern Germany. CONCLUSION: Bufexamac is an important allergen. Extrapolating the frequency of 1.4 % in our data to the whole German population by the CE-DUR approach yields an estimate of about 6000 cases per year. In view of the high frequency of sensitization, the pitfalls in diagnosis, the severity of the course of disease and the lack of efficacy of this drug, the risk to benefit ratio is obviously critical.

2099811

2099812

2099813

[A common and insidious side-effect: @entity3408 caused by bufexamac used in the treatment of XXXX . Results from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IDVK)].

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Bufexamac is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug used in the topical treatment of @entity483 , @entity1909 and @entity484 . The substance is known to cause severe @entity3408 ( @entity3408 ) as an adverse effect (AE), which may be indistinguishable from the @entity484 which is to be treated. Hence the diagnosis of this AE is often considerably delayed. In order to estimate the quantitative importance of @entity3408 to bufexamac, data of the Information Network of (German) Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) from July 1999 to December 2004 were analysed. @entity1 AND METHODS: During the study period, 39,392 unselected @entity1 from 40 German departments of the IVDK were patch tested with bufexamac (5 % pet). The results of the reading after 72 hours were analysed. The dichotomized patch test result was further assessed for possible risk factors from the @entity1 ' history and clinical diagnosis by Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS: In 560 of 39,392 @entity1 contact @entity566 to bufexamac was diagnosed, i. e. 1.4 % (95 % confidence interval: 1.3 - 1.5), standardized for sex and age. The Poisson regression analysis revealed a significantly increased risk associated with the following factors: multiple sensitization, @entity484 , underlying @entity483 , @entity1909 , female gender and residence in areas of Germany other than Eastern Germany. The latter observation can be explained by low prescription rates in Eastern Germany. CONCLUSION: Bufexamac is an important allergen. Extrapolating the frequency of 1.4 % in our data to the whole German population by the CE-DUR approach yields an estimate of about 6000 cases per year. In view of the high frequency of sensitization, the pitfalls in diagnosis, the severity of the course of disease and the lack of efficacy of this drug, the risk to benefit ratio is obviously critical.

2099814

2099815

2099816

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using anterior-inferior plating of clavicular midshaft XXXX .

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of acute displaced clavicular midshaft @entity174 treated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with acute displaced clavicular midshaft @entity174 underwent @entity3 . A locking reconstruction plate was applied on the anterior aspect of the clavicle through two small incisions. Functional outcomes were assessed using range of shoulder motion and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score. Radiological evaluation included time to union, @entity174 healing, and clavicular length difference measured as proportional length difference with the unaffected side. RESULTS: All @entity174 healed within a mean of 15.1 weeks postoperatively. The mean proportional length difference was 0.66 2.2% compared with the unaffected arm. Shoulder motion recovered to pre-injury activity level in all @entity1 . The UCLA shoulder scores showed excellent results in 13 @entity1 and good results in two @entity1 . Nonunion and implant failures were not found in any @entity1 . One @entity1 complained of @entity1183 around the lateral clavicle area. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 using anterior-inferior plating for acute displaced clavicular midshaft @entity174 provided satisfactory clinical outcomes without serious complications and could be an effective alternative option to conventional operative treatments.

2099817

2099818

2099819

Ethnic disparity in XXXX and maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To investigate differences in pre-pregnancy BMI status in @entity1 with @entity600 (PTB) compared with term birth and assess the role of ethnicity as a risk modifier in BMI-associated PTB. METHODS: A case-control study involving self-reported African American and Caucasian @entity1 delivering singletons in Nashville, TN, USA, 2003-2009. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was recorded in 447 PTB-cases (African American = 145, Caucasian = 302) and 1315 term-birth controls (African American = 522; Caucasian = 793). Crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR and AOR) for PTB were calculated using normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)) as reference. Age, education, marital status, income, smoking, parity, previous PTB and pregnancy @entity1017 were included as covariates in logistic regression. RESULTS: No significant differences were noted in the OR for PTB among different BMI categories when @entity1 of different ethnicity were combined. Odds of PTB were greater in @entity28 than in normal weight Caucasian @entity1 , even after adjusting for confounders (AOR = 1.84, 95%CI [1.15, 2.95]). Obese African American @entity1 had a decreased crude OR for PTB, although this was not significant after adjusting for confounders (AOR = 0.72, 95%CI [0.38, 1.40]). The odds for early PTB (<32 weeks) were decreased in @entity28 compared with normal weight African American @entity1 (OR = 0.23, 95%CI [0.08, 0.70]), whereas they were increased in @entity28 compared with normal weight Caucasian @entity1 (OR = 2.30, 95%CI [1.32, 4.00]). CONCLUSION: The risk for PTB in @entity1 with different pre-pregnancy BMI categories differs according to ethnicity.

2099820

2099821

2099822

Neuroendocrine responses following graded XXXX in male adults.

multiple_choice

In an effort to characterize thyroid, gonadal and adrenal function following neurotrauma, the present study determined serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total @entity1954 (T3), @entity1955 (T4), @entity251 and @entity701 over a 7 day period in 31 @entity1 with @entity131 . The study group consisted of eight @entity1 with mild @entity6075 (Glasgow Coma Scale--GCS 13-15), 10 @entity1 with extensive penetrating @entity542 (GCS 4-6) and 13 @entity1 with @entity3614 but without direct @entity542 . The latter group was included in the study because the development of indirect @entity131 has previously been implicated in @entity3614 . @entity1 with @entity1230 were not included. Following mild injury (GCS 13-15), TSH was increased up until day 3 after injury. T3 levels were elevated on days 1, 5 and 7 after injury while T4 remained unchanged throughout. While @entity251 was decreased over only the first 2 days post- @entity130 , @entity701 was increased over these first 2 days after injury. In contrast, following severe @entity2982 (GCS 4-6), there were significant declines in TSH, T3 and @entity251 over the 7 day observation period post- @entity130 . Serum @entity701 also declined in these @entity1 between 1-3 days after injury, before increasing again on days 5 and 7 after injury. Following indirect neurotrauma, TSH was slightly decreased immediately after @entity130 but increased to above normal levels on days 5 and 7 post- @entity130 . Similarly, T3 initially declined after injury, but then increased to above normal levels between 5 and 7 days after injury. T4 and @entity251 remained unchanged over the entire post-traumatic period. Serum @entity701 was significantly increased after indirect neurotrauma but only up to day 2 post- @entity130 . In summary, @entity1 with both direct and indirect @entity131 demonstrated endocrine alterations after @entity130 , the dynamics of which may be a reflection of the severity of @entity75 .

2099823

2099824

2099825

Preliminary results of integrated therapy for @entity1 with XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of integrated therapy on the functional status of @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: A total of 140 subjects with bilateral knee @entity571 (Altman grade II) were randomized sequentially into 4 groups (groups I-IV). Group I received isokinetic exercises; group II received isokinetic exercise and pulse ultrasound for periarticular soft tissue @entity158 ; group III received isokinetic exercise, pulse ultrasound, and intraarticular hyaluronan therapy; and group IV acted as the control group. The therapeutic effects of the interventions were evaluated by changes in Lequesne's index, knee range of motion, peak muscle torques of knee flexion and extension, and ambulation speed after 8 weeks of treatment and at followup 1 year later. In addition, changes in visual analog scale @entity158 and rates of @entity6661 in each group were also recorded. RESULTS: @entity1 in groups I-III exhibited increased muscle peak torques and significantly reduced @entity158 and disability after treatment and at followup. Groups II and III showed significant improvements in range of motion and ambulation speed after treatment. Group III also showed the greatest increase in walking speed and decrease in disability after treatment and at followup. Both group II and group III had significant gains in muscular strength after treatment and at followup; group III showed the greatest gains. CONCLUSION: An integrated therapy deals with the extra- and intraarticular progressive pathologic changes, and kinesiologic management of @entity571 is suggested for the management of knee @entity571 .

2099826

2099827

2099828

Preliminary results of integrated therapy for XXXX with @entity626 .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of integrated therapy on the functional status of @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: A total of 140 subjects with bilateral knee @entity571 (Altman grade II) were randomized sequentially into 4 groups (groups I-IV). Group I received isokinetic exercises; group II received isokinetic exercise and pulse ultrasound for periarticular soft tissue @entity158 ; group III received isokinetic exercise, pulse ultrasound, and intraarticular hyaluronan therapy; and group IV acted as the control group. The therapeutic effects of the interventions were evaluated by changes in Lequesne's index, knee range of motion, peak muscle torques of knee flexion and extension, and ambulation speed after 8 weeks of treatment and at followup 1 year later. In addition, changes in visual analog scale @entity158 and rates of @entity6661 in each group were also recorded. RESULTS: @entity1 in groups I-III exhibited increased muscle peak torques and significantly reduced @entity158 and disability after treatment and at followup. Groups II and III showed significant improvements in range of motion and ambulation speed after treatment. Group III also showed the greatest increase in walking speed and decrease in disability after treatment and at followup. Both group II and group III had significant gains in muscular strength after treatment and at followup; group III showed the greatest gains. CONCLUSION: An integrated therapy deals with the extra- and intraarticular progressive pathologic changes, and kinesiologic management of @entity571 is suggested for the management of knee @entity571 .

2099829

2099830

2099831

Diagnostic value of single-photon-emission computed tomography in severe central nervous system involvement of XXXX : a case-control study.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) in severe central nervous system (CNS) involvement of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 with @entity1252 , including 22 with CNS- @entity1252 and 21 with non-CNS- @entity1252 , underwent SPECT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. SPECT was repeated 1-2 months after treatment in @entity1 with abnormal findings. RESULTS: SPECT and @entity854 were detected in 20 (90.9%) and 10 (45.5%) of the 22 @entity1 with CNS- @entity1252 , respectively (P < 0.01). For 4 @entity1 with @entity385 or @entity548 , SPECT was equally as sensitive as MRI (100%). For the @entity1 with CNS- @entity1252 with diffuse presentations, SPECT was more sensitive than MRI in revealing abnormalities (16 [88.9%] of 18 @entity1 versus 6 [33.3%] of 18 @entity1 ; P < 0.01). In 19 (95.0%) @entity1 , the abnormal SPECT finding manifested as moderate to severe perfusion defect (15 in frontal lobe, 11 in parietal lobe, 11 in basal ganglia, 3 in temporal lobe, and 17 in multiple regions). Although mild perfusion defect was also detected in 4 (19.0%) of the @entity1 with non-CNS- @entity1252 , it only involved a single region and spared the frontal and parietal lobes. Repeated SPECT after treatment showed that perfusion defect had improved significantly or even disappeared in 11 (84.6%) of 13 @entity1 with diffuse CNS- @entity1252 with abnormal findings before treatment. CONCLUSION: Moderate to severe perfusion defect in SPECT involving multiple regions, especially in the frontal and parietal lobes and basal ganglia, in @entity1 with lupus suggests CNS involvement. SPECT is more sensitive than MRI in revealing damage in diffuse CNS- @entity1252 , and is useful in followup, especially for monitoring disease severity and guiding treatment.

2099832

2099833

2099834

Phase II study of XXXX , @entity900 , and @entity416 for advanced biliary tract adenocarcinoma.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity1125 (BTCs) are associated with a very poor prognosis. New therapeutic strategies therefore are needed to improve efficacy and survival, and the current study was designed with a new, effective drug combination. METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic BTC received a combination of @entity1259 at a dose of 50 mg/m(2), @entity900 at a dose of 60 mg/m(2) on Day 1, and @entity416 at a dose of 1000 mg/m(2) twice daily for 2 weeks. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 43 @entity1 (22 with @entity201 , 15 with @entity1419 , and 6 with @entity1086 ) were treated. The median age was 53 years (range, 36-69 yrs) and 5 @entity1 had a Zubrod performance status of 2. Seventeen @entity1 achieved a partial response (40%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 21-49%) and 10 had stable disease. With a follow-up duration of 18 months, the median survival time was 8 months (95% CI, 6-10 mos). In total, 187 chemotherapy cycles were delivered, with a median of 5 cycles per @entity1 (range, 1-9 cycles). @entity137 was mainly myelosuppression and @entity33 , but no @entity1 died of @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: This combination chemotherapy with @entity1259 , @entity900 , and @entity416 offered promising antitumor activity in @entity1 with advanced BTC.

2099835

2099836

2099837

Phase II study of @entity1259 , XXXX , and @entity416 for advanced biliary tract adenocarcinoma.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity1125 (BTCs) are associated with a very poor prognosis. New therapeutic strategies therefore are needed to improve efficacy and survival, and the current study was designed with a new, effective drug combination. METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic BTC received a combination of @entity1259 at a dose of 50 mg/m(2), @entity900 at a dose of 60 mg/m(2) on Day 1, and @entity416 at a dose of 1000 mg/m(2) twice daily for 2 weeks. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 43 @entity1 (22 with @entity201 , 15 with @entity1419 , and 6 with @entity1086 ) were treated. The median age was 53 years (range, 36-69 yrs) and 5 @entity1 had a Zubrod performance status of 2. Seventeen @entity1 achieved a partial response (40%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 21-49%) and 10 had stable disease. With a follow-up duration of 18 months, the median survival time was 8 months (95% CI, 6-10 mos). In total, 187 chemotherapy cycles were delivered, with a median of 5 cycles per @entity1 (range, 1-9 cycles). @entity137 was mainly myelosuppression and @entity33 , but no @entity1 died of @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: This combination chemotherapy with @entity1259 , @entity900 , and @entity416 offered promising antitumor activity in @entity1 with advanced BTC.

2099838

2099839

2099840

Phase II study of @entity1259 , @entity900 , and XXXX for advanced biliary tract adenocarcinoma.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity1125 (BTCs) are associated with a very poor prognosis. New therapeutic strategies therefore are needed to improve efficacy and survival, and the current study was designed with a new, effective drug combination. METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic BTC received a combination of @entity1259 at a dose of 50 mg/m(2), @entity900 at a dose of 60 mg/m(2) on Day 1, and @entity416 at a dose of 1000 mg/m(2) twice daily for 2 weeks. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 43 @entity1 (22 with @entity201 , 15 with @entity1419 , and 6 with @entity1086 ) were treated. The median age was 53 years (range, 36-69 yrs) and 5 @entity1 had a Zubrod performance status of 2. Seventeen @entity1 achieved a partial response (40%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 21-49%) and 10 had stable disease. With a follow-up duration of 18 months, the median survival time was 8 months (95% CI, 6-10 mos). In total, 187 chemotherapy cycles were delivered, with a median of 5 cycles per @entity1 (range, 1-9 cycles). @entity137 was mainly myelosuppression and @entity33 , but no @entity1 died of @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: This combination chemotherapy with @entity1259 , @entity900 , and @entity416 offered promising antitumor activity in @entity1 with advanced BTC.

2099841

2099842

2099843

The novel @entity588 inhibitor @entity2427 is more effective in @entity519 and is able to reverse XXXX -induced drug resistance in @entity521 cells.

multiple_choice

@entity521 is a common solid @entity5 of childhood and @entity1442 carries a poor prognosis despite intensive multimodality therapy. @entity519 is a common feature of solid @entity5 because of poorly organized @entity5 -induced neovasculature. @entity519 is associated with advanced stage and poor outcome in a range of @entity5 types, and leads to resistance to clinically relevant cytotoxic agents in @entity521 and other @entity5 in vitro. Resistance to apoptosis is a common feature of @entity5 cells and leads to pleiotropic drug resistance, mediated by @entity588 family proteins. @entity2427 is a novel small-molecule inhibitor of @entity588 and @entity1836 that is able to induce apoptosis in a range of @entity5 types. @entity521 cell lines are relatively resistant to @entity2427 -induced apoptosis in normoxia, but in contrast to the situation with conventional cytotoxic agents are more sensitive in @entity519 . This sensitization is because of an increase in @entity2427 -induced apoptosis and is variably dependent upon the presence of functional @entity519 -inducible factor 1 ( @entity7738 . In contrast to the situation in @entity694 and @entity1149 cells, @entity519 does not result in downregulation of the known @entity2427 resistance factor, @entity2423 , nor any other @entity588 family proteins. @entity2427 sensitizes @entity521 cells to clinically relevant cytotoxic agents under normal levels of @entity26 , and importantly, this sensitization is maintained under @entity519 when @entity521 cells are resistant to these agents. Thus rational combinations of @entity2427 and conventional cytotoxics offer a novel approach to overcoming @entity519 -induced drug resistance in @entity521 .

2099844

2099845

2099846

The novel @entity588 inhibitor @entity2427 is more effective in XXXX and is able to reverse @entity519 -induced drug resistance in @entity521 cells.

multiple_choice

@entity521 is a common solid @entity5 of childhood and @entity1442 carries a poor prognosis despite intensive multimodality therapy. @entity519 is a common feature of solid @entity5 because of poorly organized @entity5 -induced neovasculature. @entity519 is associated with advanced stage and poor outcome in a range of @entity5 types, and leads to resistance to clinically relevant cytotoxic agents in @entity521 and other @entity5 in vitro. Resistance to apoptosis is a common feature of @entity5 cells and leads to pleiotropic drug resistance, mediated by @entity588 family proteins. @entity2427 is a novel small-molecule inhibitor of @entity588 and @entity1836 that is able to induce apoptosis in a range of @entity5 types. @entity521 cell lines are relatively resistant to @entity2427 -induced apoptosis in normoxia, but in contrast to the situation with conventional cytotoxic agents are more sensitive in @entity519 . This sensitization is because of an increase in @entity2427 -induced apoptosis and is variably dependent upon the presence of functional @entity519 -inducible factor 1 ( @entity7738 . In contrast to the situation in @entity694 and @entity1149 cells, @entity519 does not result in downregulation of the known @entity2427 resistance factor, @entity2423 , nor any other @entity588 family proteins. @entity2427 sensitizes @entity521 cells to clinically relevant cytotoxic agents under normal levels of @entity26 , and importantly, this sensitization is maintained under @entity519 when @entity521 cells are resistant to these agents. Thus rational combinations of @entity2427 and conventional cytotoxics offer a novel approach to overcoming @entity519 -induced drug resistance in @entity521 .

2099847

2099848

2099849

The novel @entity588 inhibitor @entity2427 is more effective in @entity519 and is able to reverse @entity519 -induced drug resistance in XXXX cells.

multiple_choice

@entity521 is a common solid @entity5 of childhood and @entity1442 carries a poor prognosis despite intensive multimodality therapy. @entity519 is a common feature of solid @entity5 because of poorly organized @entity5 -induced neovasculature. @entity519 is associated with advanced stage and poor outcome in a range of @entity5 types, and leads to resistance to clinically relevant cytotoxic agents in @entity521 and other @entity5 in vitro. Resistance to apoptosis is a common feature of @entity5 cells and leads to pleiotropic drug resistance, mediated by @entity588 family proteins. @entity2427 is a novel small-molecule inhibitor of @entity588 and @entity1836 that is able to induce apoptosis in a range of @entity5 types. @entity521 cell lines are relatively resistant to @entity2427 -induced apoptosis in normoxia, but in contrast to the situation with conventional cytotoxic agents are more sensitive in @entity519 . This sensitization is because of an increase in @entity2427 -induced apoptosis and is variably dependent upon the presence of functional @entity519 -inducible factor 1 ( @entity7738 . In contrast to the situation in @entity694 and @entity1149 cells, @entity519 does not result in downregulation of the known @entity2427 resistance factor, @entity2423 , nor any other @entity588 family proteins. @entity2427 sensitizes @entity521 cells to clinically relevant cytotoxic agents under normal levels of @entity26 , and importantly, this sensitization is maintained under @entity519 when @entity521 cells are resistant to these agents. Thus rational combinations of @entity2427 and conventional cytotoxics offer a novel approach to overcoming @entity519 -induced drug resistance in @entity521 .

2099850

2099851

2099852

The novel @entity588 inhibitor XXXX is more effective in @entity519 and is able to reverse @entity519 -induced drug resistance in @entity521 cells.

multiple_choice

@entity521 is a common solid @entity5 of childhood and @entity1442 carries a poor prognosis despite intensive multimodality therapy. @entity519 is a common feature of solid @entity5 because of poorly organized @entity5 -induced neovasculature. @entity519 is associated with advanced stage and poor outcome in a range of @entity5 types, and leads to resistance to clinically relevant cytotoxic agents in @entity521 and other @entity5 in vitro. Resistance to apoptosis is a common feature of @entity5 cells and leads to pleiotropic drug resistance, mediated by @entity588 family proteins. @entity2427 is a novel small-molecule inhibitor of @entity588 and @entity1836 that is able to induce apoptosis in a range of @entity5 types. @entity521 cell lines are relatively resistant to @entity2427 -induced apoptosis in normoxia, but in contrast to the situation with conventional cytotoxic agents are more sensitive in @entity519 . This sensitization is because of an increase in @entity2427 -induced apoptosis and is variably dependent upon the presence of functional @entity519 -inducible factor 1 ( @entity7738 . In contrast to the situation in @entity694 and @entity1149 cells, @entity519 does not result in downregulation of the known @entity2427 resistance factor, @entity2423 , nor any other @entity588 family proteins. @entity2427 sensitizes @entity521 cells to clinically relevant cytotoxic agents under normal levels of @entity26 , and importantly, this sensitization is maintained under @entity519 when @entity521 cells are resistant to these agents. Thus rational combinations of @entity2427 and conventional cytotoxics offer a novel approach to overcoming @entity519 -induced drug resistance in @entity521 .

2099853

2099854

2099855

The novel XXXX inhibitor @entity2427 is more effective in @entity519 and is able to reverse @entity519 -induced drug resistance in @entity521 cells.

multiple_choice

@entity521 is a common solid @entity5 of childhood and @entity1442 carries a poor prognosis despite intensive multimodality therapy. @entity519 is a common feature of solid @entity5 because of poorly organized @entity5 -induced neovasculature. @entity519 is associated with advanced stage and poor outcome in a range of @entity5 types, and leads to resistance to clinically relevant cytotoxic agents in @entity521 and other @entity5 in vitro. Resistance to apoptosis is a common feature of @entity5 cells and leads to pleiotropic drug resistance, mediated by @entity588 family proteins. @entity2427 is a novel small-molecule inhibitor of @entity588 and @entity1836 that is able to induce apoptosis in a range of @entity5 types. @entity521 cell lines are relatively resistant to @entity2427 -induced apoptosis in normoxia, but in contrast to the situation with conventional cytotoxic agents are more sensitive in @entity519 . This sensitization is because of an increase in @entity2427 -induced apoptosis and is variably dependent upon the presence of functional @entity519 -inducible factor 1 ( @entity7738 . In contrast to the situation in @entity694 and @entity1149 cells, @entity519 does not result in downregulation of the known @entity2427 resistance factor, @entity2423 , nor any other @entity588 family proteins. @entity2427 sensitizes @entity521 cells to clinically relevant cytotoxic agents under normal levels of @entity26 , and importantly, this sensitization is maintained under @entity519 when @entity521 cells are resistant to these agents. Thus rational combinations of @entity2427 and conventional cytotoxics offer a novel approach to overcoming @entity519 -induced drug resistance in @entity521 .

2099856

2099857

2099858

Interactions between dietary fibre, endo-parasites and XXXX bacteria in grower-finisher @entity1707 .

multiple_choice

Samples of faeces and feed were collected from grower and finisher @entity1707 kept on 25 commercial breeder-finisher units in the West-Midlands region of England. Faecal samples were examined for parasite eggs (Ascaris suis, Trichuris suum and strongylid species) using faecal flotation; and for @entity18375 bacteria using the polymerase chain reaction. Feed samples were subjected to proximate analysis for energy, protein and fibre content and enzymic colorimetry for levels of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs). Characteristics relating to housing, feeding and dung disposal systems and husbandry practices were recorded for each farm and assessed for their association with the presence of parasites and @entity18375 at the herd level. Ascaris eggs were identified in 8% of herds, Trichuris eggs in 20% of herds and in strongylid eggs (Oesophogostomum and/or Hyostrongylus) in 44% of herds. @entity18375 was detected in 15% of herds investigated. Herds positive for Trichuris and Ascaris had significantly lower levels of digestible energy and higher levels of neutral detergent fibre, total and insoluble NSPs in their diets than negative herds (p < 0.05). Housing weaners on slatted floors was associated with a significant decreased risk of parasite @entity281 in grower-finishers (odds ratio = 0.09, p = 0.04) compared to housing on solid floors. The use of grower diets high in NSPs was associated with an increased risk of @entity281 (odds ratio = 27.6, p = 0.007). There was also an association at the herd level between @entity281 with @entity18375 and the presence of Trichuris eggs (odds ratio = 17.43, p = 0.069). It is concluded that control of dietary fibre intake (NSPs in particular) for growers and environmental hygiene (dung removal) for weaners appear to be the most important factors controlling parasite @entity281 in grower-finisher @entity1707 in the UK at present. The current move towards more straw based systems is thus likely to exacerbate the influence of these factors and is likely to result in @entity281 in grower-finisher @entity1707 in the UK.

2099859

2099860

2099861

Interactions between dietary fibre, endo-parasites and @entity18375 bacteria in grower-finisher XXXX .

multiple_choice

Samples of faeces and feed were collected from grower and finisher @entity1707 kept on 25 commercial breeder-finisher units in the West-Midlands region of England. Faecal samples were examined for parasite eggs (Ascaris suis, Trichuris suum and strongylid species) using faecal flotation; and for @entity18375 bacteria using the polymerase chain reaction. Feed samples were subjected to proximate analysis for energy, protein and fibre content and enzymic colorimetry for levels of non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs). Characteristics relating to housing, feeding and dung disposal systems and husbandry practices were recorded for each farm and assessed for their association with the presence of parasites and @entity18375 at the herd level. Ascaris eggs were identified in 8% of herds, Trichuris eggs in 20% of herds and in strongylid eggs (Oesophogostomum and/or Hyostrongylus) in 44% of herds. @entity18375 was detected in 15% of herds investigated. Herds positive for Trichuris and Ascaris had significantly lower levels of digestible energy and higher levels of neutral detergent fibre, total and insoluble NSPs in their diets than negative herds (p < 0.05). Housing weaners on slatted floors was associated with a significant decreased risk of parasite @entity281 in grower-finishers (odds ratio = 0.09, p = 0.04) compared to housing on solid floors. The use of grower diets high in NSPs was associated with an increased risk of @entity281 (odds ratio = 27.6, p = 0.007). There was also an association at the herd level between @entity281 with @entity18375 and the presence of Trichuris eggs (odds ratio = 17.43, p = 0.069). It is concluded that control of dietary fibre intake (NSPs in particular) for growers and environmental hygiene (dung removal) for weaners appear to be the most important factors controlling parasite @entity281 in grower-finisher @entity1707 in the UK at present. The current move towards more straw based systems is thus likely to exacerbate the influence of these factors and is likely to result in @entity281 in grower-finisher @entity1707 in the UK.

2099862

2099863

2099864

XXXX and TCR clone: markers of @entity4888 .

multiple_choice

Making a differential diagnosis between @entity4888 and @entity20956 is often difficult at the clinical and histological level. The aim of this study was to explore markers that could help in this process. A total of 88 @entity1 were included in 2 categories: @entity20956 and @entity20956 . A histological examination was performed for each @entity1 , and expression of the antigen My7 ( @entity10793 ), which is lacking in cutaneous @entity784 (but not in inflammatory lesions) and rearrangement of the T-cell receptor gene were analysed. A histological aspect of epidermotropic @entity784 was observed in 23.5% of cases of @entity20956 and 15% of cases of @entity20956 . A disappearance of My7 antigen was noted in the 2 forms of @entity20956 , more frequently when there was @entity784 histology. A cutaneous clone was observed in 10.3% of cases of @entity20956 , but not of @entity20956 . For 3 @entity1 , a cutaneous clone and a disappearance of My7 were associated with a non-specific histology. Considering these histological, immunological and molecular biological data, it appears that My7 antigen combined with T-cell clone may help the dermatologist to confirm the diagnosis of @entity4888 . Moreover, further studies will determine whether @entity10793 is an early prognostic marker of evolution of a @entity20956 to @entity3217 fungoides. Finally, these results demonstrate that @entity20956 can be an early stage of MF.

2099865

2099866

2099867

@entity10793 and TCR clone: markers of XXXX .

multiple_choice

Making a differential diagnosis between @entity4888 and @entity20956 is often difficult at the clinical and histological level. The aim of this study was to explore markers that could help in this process. A total of 88 @entity1 were included in 2 categories: @entity20956 and @entity20956 . A histological examination was performed for each @entity1 , and expression of the antigen My7 ( @entity10793 ), which is lacking in cutaneous @entity784 (but not in inflammatory lesions) and rearrangement of the T-cell receptor gene were analysed. A histological aspect of epidermotropic @entity784 was observed in 23.5% of cases of @entity20956 and 15% of cases of @entity20956 . A disappearance of My7 antigen was noted in the 2 forms of @entity20956 , more frequently when there was @entity784 histology. A cutaneous clone was observed in 10.3% of cases of @entity20956 , but not of @entity20956 . For 3 @entity1 , a cutaneous clone and a disappearance of My7 were associated with a non-specific histology. Considering these histological, immunological and molecular biological data, it appears that My7 antigen combined with T-cell clone may help the dermatologist to confirm the diagnosis of @entity4888 . Moreover, further studies will determine whether @entity10793 is an early prognostic marker of evolution of a @entity20956 to @entity3217 fungoides. Finally, these results demonstrate that @entity20956 can be an early stage of MF.

2099868

2099869

2099870

Absence of XXXX in pediatric adenoid hyperplasia.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: To (1) develop a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay to determine whether @entity1534 and/or other members of the Helicobacteraceae family are detected in @entity5072 adenoids of @entity1 and (2) critically analyze published polymerase chain reaction methods to ascertain whether false-positive detection of @entity1534 has been reported. DESIGN: Cohort study. @entity1 : Adenoid biopsy specimens (78 @entity5072 and 15 normal) were collected from @entity1 aged 2 to 10 years. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted before reverse transcription of bacterial RNA using Helicobacteraceae-specific primer. A nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction protocol was designed to detect all species of the Helicobacteraceae family. A piece of each biopsy specimen was examined histologically. RESULTS: Laryngopharyngeal reflux was suspected in 41% of the @entity1 (n = 23) on the basis of the Reflux Symptom Index. No evidence of @entity1534 was found in any adenoid sample. Candidatus Wolinella africanus was the only Helicobacteraceae family member detected in 1 @entity5072 adenoid. Histologic examination identified very few bacterial organisms. Previous polymerase chain reaction findings may be the result of false-positive @entity1534 detection. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation and enlargement of the adenoids is not likely due to ongoing @entity2348 arising from laryngopharyngeal reflux. We conclude that @entity1534 and other Helicobacteraceae family members are not major contributors to the development of @entity5072 adenoids in @entity1 .

2099871

2099872

2099873

Relationship between Leapfrog Safe Practices Survey and outcomes in XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between hospital self-reported compliance with the National Quality Forum @entity1 safety practices and @entity130 outcomes in a nationally representative sample of level I and level II @entity130 centers. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. SETTING: Level I and level II @entity130 centers. @entity1 : @entity130 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Multivariate logistic regression models were estimated to examine the association between clinical outcomes (in-hospital mortality and @entity580 ) and the National Quality Forum @entity1 safety practices. We controlled for @entity1 demographic characteristics, @entity130 , mechanism of injury, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics. RESULTS: The total score on the Leapfrog Safe Practices Survey was not associated with either mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79-1.06) or @entity580 (1.03; 0.82-1.29). Full implementation of computerized physician order entry was not associated with reduced mortality (aOR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.75-1.42) or with a lower risk of @entity580 (0.94; 0.57-1.56). Full implementation of intensive care unit physician staffing was also not predictive of mortality (aOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.90-1.28) or of @entity580 (1.04; 0.76-1.42). CONCLUSION: In this nationally representative sample of level I and level II @entity130 centers, we were unable to detect evidence that hospitals reporting better compliance with the National Quality Forum @entity1 safety practices had lower mortality or a lower incidence of @entity580 .

2099874

2099875

2099876

XXXX resistance in group A streptococci.

multiple_choice

Two hundred and twenty one @entity4195 isolates collected from throat swabs of untreated @entity1 with @entity13172 living in two centres situated in the north of Italy were tested to evaluate their @entity7646 resistance phenotype. Isolates were also typed for T protein and assayed for opacity factor (OF) and protease production. Resistance to @entity7187 was found to be similar in the two centres. Fifty-one point two per cent of Torino strains and 43.5% of Pinerolo strains were not inhibited by @entity2929 . Resistant strains belonged to one of three phenotypes: CR, constitutive resistance (37.9 and 42.5% in Torino and Pinerolo, respectively); IR, inducible resistance (40.9 and 17. 5%); NR, new resistance phenotype (21.2 and 40%). All the resistant and some of the susceptible strains were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and genomic patterns were defined on the basis of band size and number. Five DNA profiles were found among @entity2929 -resistant strains: three patterns characterized the NR resistance phenotype and one each the IR and CR phenotypes. The distribution of resistant strains according to their genomic patterns appears to be related to the resistance phenotype and only in some cases to the T serotype of bacteria. We conclude that the @entity4195 strains analysed are genetically heterogeneous and therefore the high rate of @entity2929 resistance observed is not caused by the spread of a single clone nor is it related to a particular serotype.

2099877

2099878

2099879

Shoulder MR arthrography of the posterior labrocapsular complex in overhead throwers with pathologic internal impingement and XXXX .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To determine if overhead-throwing athletes with internal @entity158 and @entity717 have thickening of the posterior inferior labrocapsular complex on MR arthrogram images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved and a waiver of consent granted by our institutional review board. Twenty-six overhead-throwing athletes with internal @entity158 and @entity717 , and 26 controls who had undergone MR arthrograms, were retrospectively examined. The MR studies were combined and read in a blind fashion. On an axial image through the posteroinferior glenoid rim, the readers measured the labral length, capsule-labrum length, and the posterior recess angle. A t-test was used to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: The mean labral length was 4.9 mm [standard deviation (SD) 1.4 mm] for the controls, and 6.4 mm (SD 1.6 mm) for the athletes (P = 0.001). The mean capsule-labrum length was 5.4 mm (SD 2.1 mm) for the controls, and 8.8 mm (SD 2.9 mm) for the athletes (P < 0.001). The mean posterior recess angle measured 65 degrees (SD 27 degrees) for the controls and 94 degrees (SD 38 degrees) for the athletes (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Overhead-throwing athletes with internal @entity158 and @entity717 tend to have a thicker labrum and a shallower capsular recess in the posterior inferior shoulder joint than do non-overhead-throwing athletes. In many, the posteroinferior capsule is also thickened. These MR findings should alert the radiologist to closely inspect the posterior cuff and posterosuperior labrum for the tears associated with internal impingement.

2099880

2099881

2099882

Femal, a herbal remedy made from pollen extracts, reduces hot flushes and improves quality of life in menopausal XXXX : a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The fact that hormone replacement therapy has been claimed to increase the risk of @entity0 has made it relevant to search for new non-hormonal treatments of menopausal symptoms. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate whether Femal, a herbal remedy made from pollen extracts, alleviates the symptoms of the menopause, especially hot flushes. DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial of 64 menopausal @entity1 , of whom 54 completed the trial. After an initial run-in phase of 1 month, the @entity1 were randomly given either two Femal tablets each morning, or two identical placebo tablets, for 3 months of treatment. On inclusion, and then at 4-week intervals, the @entity1 were asked to evaluate 16 symptoms of the menopause using @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ). In addition, every day throughout the study, certain menopausal symptoms were recorded in a diary. RESULTS: The two treatment groups were identical regarding demographic data and the initial symptom scores. In the active-treatment group, 65% responded with a reduction in hot flushes compared with 38% in the placebo group (p<0.006) and, in this group, the number of hot flushes registered in diaries declined after 3 months by 27% as compared to the placebo group (p<0.026). @entity1168 evaluation of hot flushes yielded similar results (p<0.031). There were 23% and 22% decreases in hot flushes after 2 and 3 months of treatment, respectively, and after both intervals of time the inter-group comparisons were significantly affected. An overall evaluation of the trend in 15 other 'quality-of-life' parameters showed likewise in favor of the pollen extract (p<0.031). CONCLUSION: The pollen extract Femal significantly reduces hot flushes and certain other menopausal symptoms when compared to placebo.

2099883

2099884

2099885

High Prevalence of XXXX Low Abundance Drug-Resistant Variants in a Treatment-Naive Population in North Rift Kenya.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: The advent of antiretroviral treatment (ART) has resulted in a dramatic reduction in AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. However, the emergence and spread of antiretroviral drug resistance (DR) threaten to negatively impact treatment regimens and compromise efforts to control the epidemic. It is recommended that surveillance of drug resistance occur in conjunction with scale-up efforts to ensure that appropriate first-line therapy is offered relative to the resistance that exists. However, standard resistance testing methods used in Sub-Saharan Africa rely on techniques that do not include low abundance DR variants (LADRVs) that have been documented to contribute to treatment failure. The use of next generation sequencing (NGS) has been shown to be more sensitive to LADRVS. We have carried out a preliminary investigation using NGS to determine the prevalence of LDRVS among a drug-naive population in North Rift Kenya. Antiretroviral-naive @entity1 attending a care clinic in North Rift Kenya were requested to provide and with consent provided blood samples for DR analysis. DNA was extracted and amplified and nested PCR was conducted on the pol RT region using primers tagged with @entity4216 ( @entity4216 ). Resulting PCR amplicons were purified, quantified, and pyrosequenced using a GS FLX @entity702 PicoTiterPlate (Roche). Valid pyrosequencing reads were aligned with HXB-2 and the frequency and distribution of @entity4334 and @entity3689 changes were determined using an in-house Perl script. DR mutations were identified using the IAS-USA @entity645 DR mutation database. Sixty samples were successfully sequenced of which 26 were subtype A, 9 were subtype D, 2 were subtype C, and the remaining were recombinants. Forty-six (76.6%) had at least one drug resistance mutation, with 25 (41.6%) indicated as major and the remaining 21 (35%) indicated as minor. The most prevalent mutation was NRTI position @entity68030 /R (11/46, 24%) followed by NRTI @entity19899 (5/46, 11%) and NNRTI @entity19898 (4/46, 9%). Our use of NGS technology revealed a high prevalence of LADRVs among drug-naive populations in Kenya, a region with predominantly non-B subtypes. The impact of these mutations on the clinical outcome of ART can be ascertained only through long-term follow-up.

2099886

2099887

2099888

XXXX @entity1 hospital-associated infections: risks and outcomes.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity130 @entity1 with surgical procedures, @entity647 ( @entity647 ), @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ), and longer exposure to invasive devices may be at increased risk for @entity580 ( @entity580 ). HAIs have been shown to affect outcome measures, but the extent is not well studied. METHODS: An infection control team identified HAIs in @entity130 @entity1 from 1996 through 2001. The authors evaluated the relation of @entity580 to surgical procedures, @entity647 , @entity1850 , and device exposure time by comparing groups with and without @entity580 using Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney tests. Using multiple linear and logistic regressions, the authors evaluated associations of @entity580 , age, and Injury Severity Score (ISS) with length of stay (LOS), cost of care, and mortality. They used Cox proportional hazard regression to further explore the relations of @entity580 , age, and ISS to LOS. RESULTS: In 501 of 5,537 @entity130 @entity1 with @entity580 (9.1%), the percent having surgical procedures, @entity647 , and @entity1850 was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Exposure to all devices studied was significantly longer (p < 0.001) in @entity580 @entity1 . When the population was controlled for age and ISS, @entity580 @entity1 had longer lengths of stay (LOSs) and higher costs. Age had less effect than ISS on LOS, and the effect of increases in age was greater as ISS increased. ISS had a greater effect than HAIs on LOS. HAIs increased LOS more in @entity1 less severely injured. When comparing @entity1 with and without @entity580 , no difference in mortality rates was detected. CONCLUSION: In this study of @entity130 @entity1 , ISS had the greatest effect on LOS, but increased age and presence of @entity580 did increase LOS and cost of care. @entity580 increased LOS more in the less severely injured @entity1 .

2099889

2099890

2099891

@entity130 XXXX hospital-associated infections: risks and outcomes.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity130 @entity1 with surgical procedures, @entity647 ( @entity647 ), @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ), and longer exposure to invasive devices may be at increased risk for @entity580 ( @entity580 ). HAIs have been shown to affect outcome measures, but the extent is not well studied. METHODS: An infection control team identified HAIs in @entity130 @entity1 from 1996 through 2001. The authors evaluated the relation of @entity580 to surgical procedures, @entity647 , @entity1850 , and device exposure time by comparing groups with and without @entity580 using Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney tests. Using multiple linear and logistic regressions, the authors evaluated associations of @entity580 , age, and Injury Severity Score (ISS) with length of stay (LOS), cost of care, and mortality. They used Cox proportional hazard regression to further explore the relations of @entity580 , age, and ISS to LOS. RESULTS: In 501 of 5,537 @entity130 @entity1 with @entity580 (9.1%), the percent having surgical procedures, @entity647 , and @entity1850 was significantly higher (p < 0.001). Exposure to all devices studied was significantly longer (p < 0.001) in @entity580 @entity1 . When the population was controlled for age and ISS, @entity580 @entity1 had longer lengths of stay (LOSs) and higher costs. Age had less effect than ISS on LOS, and the effect of increases in age was greater as ISS increased. ISS had a greater effect than HAIs on LOS. HAIs increased LOS more in @entity1 less severely injured. When comparing @entity1 with and without @entity580 , no difference in mortality rates was detected. CONCLUSION: In this study of @entity130 @entity1 , ISS had the greatest effect on LOS, but increased age and presence of @entity580 did increase LOS and cost of care. @entity580 increased LOS more in the less severely injured @entity1 .

2099892

2099893

2099894

Leukocyte Telomere Length in XXXX @entity1 with a Different Rate of Progression.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Age and short leukocyte telomeres have been associated with a higher risk of @entity195 (AD). @entity32 is involved in AD and it is suggested that anti-inflammatory @entity688 ( @entity688 ) may partly antagonize these processes. OBJECTIVE: The aim is to correlate telomere length (TL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from @entity1 with AD to disease progression rate. Moreover, we evaluated whether TL was associated with @entity688 production by unstimulated or amyloid-b (Ab)-stimulated PBMC. METHODS: We enrolled 31 late-onset AD and 20 age-matched healthy elderly (HE). After a two-year follow-up period, @entity1 were retrospectively evaluated as slow-progressing (ADS) ( @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) decline over the two years of follow-up <=3 points) or fast progressing AD ( @entity12385 ) ( @entity1032 decline >= 5 points). TL was measured by flow cytometry and in vitro @entity688 production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: TL (mean SD) for HE, ADS, and @entity12385 was 2.3 0.1, 2.0 0.1, and 2.5 0.1 Kb, respectively. ADS showed a shorter TL compared to HE (p=0.034) and to @entity12385 (p=0.005). @entity1032 decline correlated with TL in AD (R2=0.284; p=0.008). We found a significant difference in @entity688 production between unstimulated and Ab-stimulated PBMC from ADS (40.7 13.7 versus 59.0 27.0; p=0.004) but not from @entity12385 (39.7 14.4 versus 42.2 22.4). HE showed a trend toward significance (47.1 25.4 versus 55.3 27.9; p=0.10). CONCLUSION: PBMC from @entity12385 may be characterized by an impaired response induced by Ab and by a reduced proliferative response responsible for the longer telomeres. TL might be a contributing factor in predicting the rate of AD progression.

2099895

2099896

2099897

Leukocyte Telomere Length in @entity195 XXXX with a Different Rate of Progression.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Age and short leukocyte telomeres have been associated with a higher risk of @entity195 (AD). @entity32 is involved in AD and it is suggested that anti-inflammatory @entity688 ( @entity688 ) may partly antagonize these processes. OBJECTIVE: The aim is to correlate telomere length (TL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from @entity1 with AD to disease progression rate. Moreover, we evaluated whether TL was associated with @entity688 production by unstimulated or amyloid-b (Ab)-stimulated PBMC. METHODS: We enrolled 31 late-onset AD and 20 age-matched healthy elderly (HE). After a two-year follow-up period, @entity1 were retrospectively evaluated as slow-progressing (ADS) ( @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) decline over the two years of follow-up <=3 points) or fast progressing AD ( @entity12385 ) ( @entity1032 decline >= 5 points). TL was measured by flow cytometry and in vitro @entity688 production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: TL (mean SD) for HE, ADS, and @entity12385 was 2.3 0.1, 2.0 0.1, and 2.5 0.1 Kb, respectively. ADS showed a shorter TL compared to HE (p=0.034) and to @entity12385 (p=0.005). @entity1032 decline correlated with TL in AD (R2=0.284; p=0.008). We found a significant difference in @entity688 production between unstimulated and Ab-stimulated PBMC from ADS (40.7 13.7 versus 59.0 27.0; p=0.004) but not from @entity12385 (39.7 14.4 versus 42.2 22.4). HE showed a trend toward significance (47.1 25.4 versus 55.3 27.9; p=0.10). CONCLUSION: PBMC from @entity12385 may be characterized by an impaired response induced by Ab and by a reduced proliferative response responsible for the longer telomeres. TL might be a contributing factor in predicting the rate of AD progression.

2099898

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2099900

Dissecting susceptibility from exogenous triggers: the model of alopecia areata and associated XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity1663 ( @entity1663 ) is a T-cell-driven autoimmune disease of the hair follicle and frequently reported to be associated with @entity272 ( @entity272 ) such as @entity483 ( @entity483 ) or @entity1569 . Interestingly, @entity1663 on the one hand and both @entity483 and @entity1569 on the other hand are believed to be driven by mutually antagonistic T-cell subsets. OBJECTIVE: To characterize @entity1663 -specific T-cell profiles and inflammatory pattern by intra-individual comparison of @entity1663 and coexistent @entity272 . METHODS: 112 @entity1 with @entity1663 were recruited and investigated for coexisting @entity272 . In-depth analyses were performed in @entity1 with @entity1663 and @entity483 (n = 2), @entity1663 and @entity1569 (n = 1), @entity1663 and @entity1569 and @entity483 (n = 1) and @entity1663 and lichen planus (n = 1), using histology, immunohistochemistry and cytokine staining of T cells isolated from lesional skin. RESULTS: Of 112 @entity1663 @entity1 investigated, 23 suffered from an @entity272 . The prevalence of @entity483 , @entity1694 , @entity1569 and lichen planus was higher in the investigated @entity1663 cohort than in the normal population. The clinical as well as histological phenotype of @entity1663 the coexistent @entity272 were unequivocal. In line with this, T-cell infiltrates were found to be disease-characteristics with @entity1663 and lichen planus dominated by @entity405 + and @entity379 + @entity310 + producing T cells while @entity1569 lesions in the same @entity1 were dominated by @entity4155 + and @entity483 by @entity3646 + T cells. CONCLUSION: @entity1663 @entity1 have a higher incidence of various T-cell-driven @entity272 than the normal population, a phenomenon which might relate to over-activation of skin-homing T cells and to specific immune triggers as the primary cause of @entity32 . More importantly, we showed that by using @entity1663 as a model disease, our approach of intra-individual comparison of distinct inflammatory responses in the same @entity1 is feasible and offers the unique possibility to gain insights into disease pathogenesis independent from genetic susceptibilities.

2099901

2099902

2099903

Altered terminal Schwann cell morphology precedes denervation in XXXX @entity19 .

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: In @entity19 that express @entity182 mutations found in @entity1 @entity4681 , degeneration begins in the periphery for reasons that remain unknown. At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) have an intimate relationship with motor terminals and are believed to help maintain the integrity of the motor terminal. Recent evidence indicates that @entity1358 in some @entity182 @entity19 exhibit abnormal functional properties, but other aspects of possible @entity14405 involvement remain unknown. In this study, an analysis of @entity14405 morphology and number was performed in relation to NMJ innervation status in @entity19 which express the @entity24869 @entity182 mutation. At @entity8919 , all NMJs of the fast medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle were fully innervated by a single motor axon but 50% of NMJs lacked @entity14405 cell bodies and were instead covered by the processes of Schwann cells with cell bodies located on the preterminal axons. NMJs in @entity8919 slow soleus muscles were also fully innervated by single motor axons and only 5% of NMJs lacked a @entity14405 cell body. At @entity19641 , about 25% of MG NMJs were denervated and lacked labeling for @entity1358 while about 60% of innervated NMJs lacked @entity14405 cell bodies. In contrast, 96% of @entity19641 soleus NMJs were innervated while 9% of innervated NMJs lacked @entity14405 cell bodies. The pattern of @entity14405 found at @entity8919 thus correlates with the pattern of denervation found at @entity19641 . Evidence from @entity19 that express the @entity22997 @entity182 mutation indicate that @entity14405 are not unique for @entity19 that express @entity24869 @entity182 mutations. These results add to an emerging understanding that @entity1358 may play a role in motor terminal degeneration and denervation in animal models of @entity4681 .

2099904

2099905

2099906

Altered terminal Schwann cell morphology precedes denervation in @entity182 XXXX .

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: In @entity19 that express @entity182 mutations found in @entity1 @entity4681 , degeneration begins in the periphery for reasons that remain unknown. At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) have an intimate relationship with motor terminals and are believed to help maintain the integrity of the motor terminal. Recent evidence indicates that @entity1358 in some @entity182 @entity19 exhibit abnormal functional properties, but other aspects of possible @entity14405 involvement remain unknown. In this study, an analysis of @entity14405 morphology and number was performed in relation to NMJ innervation status in @entity19 which express the @entity24869 @entity182 mutation. At @entity8919 , all NMJs of the fast medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle were fully innervated by a single motor axon but 50% of NMJs lacked @entity14405 cell bodies and were instead covered by the processes of Schwann cells with cell bodies located on the preterminal axons. NMJs in @entity8919 slow soleus muscles were also fully innervated by single motor axons and only 5% of NMJs lacked a @entity14405 cell body. At @entity19641 , about 25% of MG NMJs were denervated and lacked labeling for @entity1358 while about 60% of innervated NMJs lacked @entity14405 cell bodies. In contrast, 96% of @entity19641 soleus NMJs were innervated while 9% of innervated NMJs lacked @entity14405 cell bodies. The pattern of @entity14405 found at @entity8919 thus correlates with the pattern of denervation found at @entity19641 . Evidence from @entity19 that express the @entity22997 @entity182 mutation indicate that @entity14405 are not unique for @entity19 that express @entity24869 @entity182 mutations. These results add to an emerging understanding that @entity1358 may play a role in motor terminal degeneration and denervation in animal models of @entity4681 .

2099907

2099908

2099909

Long term disability and social status change after XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Even if the majority of @entity1 with @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) have a favourable functional outcome some residual motor and sensory signs and symptoms may remain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effect of @entity5011 on daily life,working activities, hobbies and social status and the presence of residual symptoms. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy @entity1 with @entity5011 enrolled in a case-control study were examined. Information on signs or symptoms during the acute phase of the disease was retrieved from medical records and an ad-hoc questionnaire administered during hospitalization. @entity1 were interviewed by phone 3 to 5 years after disease onset about residual symptoms and changes in daily living. Disability and handicap were assessed using the Hughes, Rankin and Rotterdam 9-items scale. RESULTS: At follow-up 45 @entity1 (64 %) made a complete functional recovery; 19 @entity1 (27%) had some minor limitations in daily life although they were able to perform all their activities independently while 6 (9 %) needed aid for some hours or continuously during the day. Nineteen @entity1 (27 %) had, however, to make substantial changes in their job, hobbies or social activities. There was no significant correlation between clinical and laboratory features during the acute phase of @entity5011 and outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Although over 90% of our @entity5011 @entity1 had a more or less complete functional recovery, almost 30% of them had to make substantial changes in daily life. These findings indicate that @entity5011 still has a significant impact on @entity1 ' life which may go beyond their residual disability or impairment. Treatment of @entity5011 should not be only aimed at improving @entity1 ' disability but also at limiting the impact of the disease on their social life.

2099910

2099911

2099912

Newly Designed Upper Lateral Cartilage XXXX for Preventing Depression of the Keystone Area in Large-Nose Septorhinoplasty.

multiple_choice

Importance: Because large dorsal reduction may weaken the keystone area, later notching of this area should be prevented while reducing large humps during septorhinoplasty. Objective: To determine whether a triangular-shaped @entity1912 of upper lateral cartilages (ULCs) that we designed can prevent secondary deformity of the nasal dorsum in the keystone area following large hump reduction. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : In this retrospective study, medical records as well as preoperative and postoperative photographs of septorhinoplasty cases in which triangular flaps had been used between April 1, 2012, and @entity30183 , 2013, were reviewed. Data analysis was conducted from @entity30183 to May 10, 2014. Demographic data, amount of hump reduction, and any irregularity of the dorsum in the keystone area mentioned in the medical record or identified in postoperative profile view photographs were assessed. The study was conducted in a research center, and the operations were performed in a private setting. @entity1 had been scheduled for septorhinoplasty with @entity1912 reconstruction if more than 3 mm of dorsal hump reduction was planned and their skin was not thin. Of 41 identified @entity1 , 3 could not be monitored for 1 year; 38 @entity1 were included in the analysis. Exposures: Open septorhinoplasty had been performed, and more than 3 mm of dorsum had been removed in all @entity1 whose data were analyzed. During stepwise resection of the nasal dorsum, a triangular-shaped remnant of the most cephalomedial part of the ULC was maintained intact on each side over the keystone area. Main Outcomes and Measures: Irregularity of the nasal dorsum over the keystone area in postoperative profile view photographs. Results: More than 3 mm of hump reduction had been made in all 38 @entity1 . No irregularities were observed in the postoperative photographs or had been found on digital examination of the keystone area after at least 12 months of follow-up. Conclusion and Relevance: Maintaining a remnant of the ULC over the keystone area in the form of a triangular-shaped @entity1912 on each side is a simple, reliable, and durable way to prevent notching of the keystone area during lowering of the nasal dorsum in large noses with sufficient skin thickness. Level of Evidence: 4.

2099913

2099914

2099915

Management of non-acute XXXX using the over-the-scope clips (OTSCs): a retrospective single-institution experience.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: Advanced endoscopic techniques provide novel therapies for complications historically treated with surgical interventions. Over-the-scope clips (OTSCs) have recently been shown to be effective at endoscopic closure of @entity344 . We hypothesize that by following classic surgical principles of @entity292 management, a high rate of long-term success can be achieved with endoscopic closure of non-acute GI tract defects. METHODS: A retrospective review of a single-institution prospectively maintained database (2012-2015) of all @entity1 referred for the management of GI leaks or fistulae who underwent attempted closure with the OTSC system (Ovesco, Germany) was performed. Acute perforations were excluded. The primary endpoint was long-term success defined by the absence of radiographic or clinical evidence of leak or @entity292 during follow-up. @entity1 were stratified by success or failure of OTSC closure and compared with Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: We identified 22 @entity1 with 28 defects (22 fistulae and 6 leaks). Most @entity1 were female (59 %) with a mean age of 54 years ( 14), median BMI of 29, and prior bariatric procedure (55 %). Comorbidities included smoking history (68 %) and @entity6 (23 %). The majority of defects were solitary (64 %), involved the upper GI tract (82 %), and had been present for >30 days (50 %). Multiple therapeutic interventions were necessary in 46 % of defects. There were no adverse outcomes related to OTSC placement or misfiring. Endoscopic adjuncts were used in 61 % of cases. Overall success rate was 82 % (100 % for leaks and 76 % for fistulae) at a median follow-up of 4.7 months (IQR 2.1-8.4 months). Predictors of success and failure could not be distinguished due to limited sample size. CONCLUSIONS: Over-the-scope clips can be safely and effectively used in @entity1 presenting with GI leaks and fistulae. Further research is required to characterize the determinants of long-term success and risk factors for failure.

2099916

2099917

2099918

Non operative management of blunt XXXX : a prospective evaluation of a standardized treatment protocol.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The advantages of the conservative approach for major @entity130 are still debated. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of NOM in the treatment of minor (grade I-II according with the American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 ; AAST) and severe (AAST grade III-V) blunt @entity130 , following a standardized treatment protocol. METHODS: All the hemodynamically stable @entity1 with computer tomography (CT) diagnosis of blunt @entity130 underwent NOM, which included strict clinical and laboratory observation, 48-72 h contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) follow-up and @entity4558 , performed both in @entity1 with admission CT evidence of @entity1317 and in @entity1 with falling hematocrit during observation. RESULTS: 87 @entity1 [32 (36.7 %) @entity1 and 55 (63.2 %) @entity1 , median age 34 (range 14-68)] were included. Of these, 28 @entity1 (32.1 %) had grade I, 22 @entity1 (25.2 %) grade II, 20 @entity1 (22.9 %) grade III, 11 @entity1 (12.6 %) grade IV and 6 @entity1 (6.8 %) grade V @entity130 . The overall success rate of NOM was 95.4 % (82/87). There was no significant difference in the success rate between the @entity1 with different @entity130 grade. Of 24 @entity1 that had undergone angioembolization, 22 (91.6 %) showed high @entity130 grade. The success rate of embolization was 91.6 % (22/24). No major complications were observed. The minor complications (2 pleural effusions, 1 @entity3472 ) were successfully treated by EAUS or CT guided drainage. CONCLUSIONS: The non operative management of blunt @entity130 , according to our protocol, represents a safe and effective treatment for both minor and severe @entity130 , achieving an overall success rate of 95 %. The angiographic study could be indicated both in @entity1 with CT evidence of @entity1317 and in @entity1 with high-grade @entity130 , regardless of CT findings.

2099919

2099920

2099921

XXXX scaphoid non-unions exhibit increased osteoclast activity compared to adjacent cancellous bone.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Scaphoid bones have a high prevalence for non-union. Even with adequate treatment, bone regeneration may not occur in certain instances. Although this condition is well described, the molecular pathology of scaphoid non-unions is still poorly defined. In this study, gene expression of osteogenic and angiogenic growth and transcription factors as well as inflammatory mediators were analysed in @entity1 scaphoid non-unions and intraindividually compared to adjacent autologous cancellous bone from the distal radius. In addition, histology and immunohistochemical stainings were performed to verify qRT-PCR data. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant up-regulation of @entity5298 , @entity3064 , @entity4910 , @entity1550 , @entity5299 , @entity9889 , @entity2533 and @entity18297 in scaphoid non-unions. Interestingly, @entity5298 and @entity9889 , both markers for osteoclastogenesis, were significantly induced in non-unions. Moreover, @entity18297 was highly up-regulated in all non-union samples. TRAP staining confirmed the observation of induced osteoclastogenesis in non-unions. With respect to genes related to osteogenesis, alkaline phosphatase was significantly up-regulated in scaphoid non-unions. No differences were detectable for other osteogenic genes such as @entity8087 or @entity1841 . Importantly, we did not detect differences in angiogenesis between scaphoid non-unions and controls in both gene expression and immunohistochemistry. Summarized, our data indicate increased osteoclast activity in scaphoid non-unions possibly as a result of the alterations in @entity5298 , @entity2533 and @entity18297 expression levels. These data increase our understanding for the reduced bone regeneration capacity present in scaphoid non-unions and may translate into the identification of new therapeutic targets to avoid secondary damages and prevent occurrence of non-unions to scaphoid bones.

2099922

2099923

2099924

Cognitive course in first-episode XXXX and clinical correlates: A 4year longitudinal study using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: While @entity73 are prevalent in first-episode @entity716 , the course of these deficits is not fully understood. Most deficits appear to remain stable, however there is uncertainty regarding the trajectory of specific cognitive domains after illness onset. This study investigates the longitudinal course of @entity73 four years after a first-episode of @entity716 and the relationship of performance with clinical course and response to treatment. Twenty three individuals with @entity716 , matched with 21 healthy volunteers, were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery at illness onset and 4years later. We also investigated the relationship between @entity73 and quality of life and clinical indices. Verbal learning and two measures of processing speed had marked poorer trajectory over four years compared to the remaining cognitive domains. Processing speed performance was found to contribute to the @entity73 in @entity716 . Poorer clinical outcome was associated with greater deficits at illness onset in reasoning and problem solving and social cognition. @entity73 did not predict quality of life at follow-up, nor did diagnosis subtype differentiate cognitive performance. In conclusion, an initial @entity716 may be associated with an additional cost on verbal learning and two measures of processing speed over a time spanning at least four years. Moreover, processing speed, which has been manipulated through intervention in previous studies, may represent a viable therapeutic target. Finally, cognition at illness onset may have a predictive capability of illness course.

2099925

2099926

2099927

Diffuse XXXX leads to a decrease in unipolar voltage: Validation in a @entity1707 model of premature ventricular contraction-induced @entity296 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Frequent @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) may lead to @entity384 . A leftward shift in the unipolar voltage distribution in @entity1 with @entity296 has also been described and attributed to increased @entity82 . OBJECTIVES: We established a @entity1707 model of @entity2634 -induced @entity296 and assessed (1) whether an increase in left ventricular @entity82 occurs and (2) whether increased @entity82 leads to a leftward shift in the unipolar voltage distribution. METHODS: Ten @entity1707 underwent implantation of ventricular pacemakers; 6 programmed to deliver a 50% @entity2634 burden and 4 controls without pacing. Voltage maps were acquired at baseline and after 14 weeks of ventricular bigeminy. RESULTS: In the @entity2634 group, left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 67% 7% to 44% 15% (P < .05) with no change in controls (71% 6% to 73% 4%; P = .56). The fifth percentile of the bipolar and unipolar voltage distribution at baseline was 1.63 and 5.36 mV, respectively. In the control group, after 14 weeks of pacing there was no significant change in % bipolar voltage <1.5 mV (pre 1.2% vs post 2.2%; P = .34) or % unipolar voltage <5.5 mV (pre 4.0% vs post 3.5%; P = .20). In the @entity2634 group, there was a significant increase in % unipolar voltage <5.5 mV (5.4% vs 12.6%; P < .01), with a leftward shift in the unipolar voltage distribution. Histologically, % @entity82 was increased in the @entity2634 group (control 1.8% 1.3% vs @entity2634 3.4% 2.6%; P < .01). CONCLUSION: @entity2634 -induced @entity296 in @entity1707 leads to an increase in interstitial @entity82 and a leftward shift in the unipolar voltage distribution. These findings are consistent with findings in @entity1 with @entity2634 -induced @entity296 .

2099928

2099929

2099930

Diffuse @entity82 leads to a decrease in unipolar voltage: Validation in a XXXX model of premature ventricular contraction-induced @entity296 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Frequent @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) may lead to @entity384 . A leftward shift in the unipolar voltage distribution in @entity1 with @entity296 has also been described and attributed to increased @entity82 . OBJECTIVES: We established a @entity1707 model of @entity2634 -induced @entity296 and assessed (1) whether an increase in left ventricular @entity82 occurs and (2) whether increased @entity82 leads to a leftward shift in the unipolar voltage distribution. METHODS: Ten @entity1707 underwent implantation of ventricular pacemakers; 6 programmed to deliver a 50% @entity2634 burden and 4 controls without pacing. Voltage maps were acquired at baseline and after 14 weeks of ventricular bigeminy. RESULTS: In the @entity2634 group, left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 67% 7% to 44% 15% (P < .05) with no change in controls (71% 6% to 73% 4%; P = .56). The fifth percentile of the bipolar and unipolar voltage distribution at baseline was 1.63 and 5.36 mV, respectively. In the control group, after 14 weeks of pacing there was no significant change in % bipolar voltage <1.5 mV (pre 1.2% vs post 2.2%; P = .34) or % unipolar voltage <5.5 mV (pre 4.0% vs post 3.5%; P = .20). In the @entity2634 group, there was a significant increase in % unipolar voltage <5.5 mV (5.4% vs 12.6%; P < .01), with a leftward shift in the unipolar voltage distribution. Histologically, % @entity82 was increased in the @entity2634 group (control 1.8% 1.3% vs @entity2634 3.4% 2.6%; P < .01). CONCLUSION: @entity2634 -induced @entity296 in @entity1707 leads to an increase in interstitial @entity82 and a leftward shift in the unipolar voltage distribution. These findings are consistent with findings in @entity1 with @entity2634 -induced @entity296 .

2099931

2099932

2099933

Diffuse @entity82 leads to a decrease in unipolar voltage: Validation in a @entity1707 model of premature ventricular contraction-induced XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Frequent @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) may lead to @entity384 . A leftward shift in the unipolar voltage distribution in @entity1 with @entity296 has also been described and attributed to increased @entity82 . OBJECTIVES: We established a @entity1707 model of @entity2634 -induced @entity296 and assessed (1) whether an increase in left ventricular @entity82 occurs and (2) whether increased @entity82 leads to a leftward shift in the unipolar voltage distribution. METHODS: Ten @entity1707 underwent implantation of ventricular pacemakers; 6 programmed to deliver a 50% @entity2634 burden and 4 controls without pacing. Voltage maps were acquired at baseline and after 14 weeks of ventricular bigeminy. RESULTS: In the @entity2634 group, left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 67% 7% to 44% 15% (P < .05) with no change in controls (71% 6% to 73% 4%; P = .56). The fifth percentile of the bipolar and unipolar voltage distribution at baseline was 1.63 and 5.36 mV, respectively. In the control group, after 14 weeks of pacing there was no significant change in % bipolar voltage <1.5 mV (pre 1.2% vs post 2.2%; P = .34) or % unipolar voltage <5.5 mV (pre 4.0% vs post 3.5%; P = .20). In the @entity2634 group, there was a significant increase in % unipolar voltage <5.5 mV (5.4% vs 12.6%; P < .01), with a leftward shift in the unipolar voltage distribution. Histologically, % @entity82 was increased in the @entity2634 group (control 1.8% 1.3% vs @entity2634 3.4% 2.6%; P < .01). CONCLUSION: @entity2634 -induced @entity296 in @entity1707 leads to an increase in interstitial @entity82 and a leftward shift in the unipolar voltage distribution. These findings are consistent with findings in @entity1 with @entity2634 -induced @entity296 .

2099934

2099935

2099936

Outcome and quality of life 5 years after XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine quality of life after injury and identify factors potentially associated with outcome. METHODS: Five years after injury from blunt or penetrating @entity130 , @entity1 received a questionnaire based on the SF-36 Health Survey. RESULTS: Two hundred five @entity1 (83%) replied. Most were @entity1 , median age 39 years, 93% injured by blunt energy, median Injury Severity Score 14 (range 9-57). Mean SF-36 scores were significantly lower than in a matched reference group. Poor outcome was associated with: in-hospital days, intensive care days, surgical procedures, in-hospital major complications, age, recurrent injury, and inadequate information. Subjects reported considerable physical (68%) and psychologic (41%) disabilities. Near half reported need of improved follow-up care. Injury severity did not predict poor health-related quality of life 5 years later. CONCLUSION: Adequate information, sufficient @entity158 management and follow-up by @entity130 specialist teams are needed. Certain factors can help identify @entity1 in need of additional help and support.

2099937

2099938

2099939

Etiopathogenesis of XXXX .

multiple_choice

@entity4128 ( @entity68031 ) is characterised by progressive fibro-fatty replacement of right ventricular myocardium. Earlier studies described @entity68031 as non-inflammatory, non-coronary disorder associated with @entity943 , @entity712 and @entity944 due to functional exclusion of the right ventricle. Molecular genetic studies have identified nine different loci associated with @entity68031 ; accordingly each locus is implicated for each type of @entity68031 ( @entity68031 ). So far five genes have been identified as containing pathogenic mutations for @entity68031 . Though mutations in each of the gene/s indicate disruption of different pathways leading to the condition, the exact pathogenesis of the condition is still obscure. This review tries to understand the pathogenesis of the condition by examining the individual proteins implicated and relate them to the pathways that could play a role in the aetiology of the condition. Cardiac @entity8452 receptor ( @entity23963 ), which regulates intra-cellular @entity141 concentration by releasing @entity141 reserves from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), was the first gene for @entity68031 . The mutation in this gene is believed to disrupt coupled gating of @entity23963 , causing after-depolarisation, leading to @entity943 followed by structural changes due to altered intra-cellular @entity141 levels. Three other genes implicated for @entity68031 , plakoglobin ( @entity35969 ), desmoplakin (ARVC8) and plakophilin (ARVC9) have prompted the speculation that @entity68031 is primarily a disease of desmosomes. But identification of @entity1934 for ARVC1 and the role of all these three genes (plakoglobin, desmoplakin and plakophilin) in cardiac morphogenesis indicate some kind of signal-transducing pathway disruption in the condition. The finding that @entity68031 as a milder form of @entity19620 indicates similar ontogeny for the condition. Further, discovery of apoptotic cells in the autopsy of the right ventricular myocardium of @entity68031 @entity1 does indicate a common pathway for different types of ARVCs, which is more specific for the right ventricular myocardium involving @entity1131 , growth factors and @entity141 receptors.

2099940

2099941

2099942

T-cell-based vaccination for morphological and functional neuroprotection in a XXXX model of chronically elevated intraocular pressure.

multiple_choice

Acute or chronic @entity726 is often associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). In many @entity1 , however, therapeutic pressure reduction does not halt disease progression. Neuroprotection has been proposed as a complementary therapeutic approach. We previously demonstrated effective T-cell-based neuroprotection in experimental animals vaccinated with the synthetic copolymer glatiramer @entity598 (copolymer-1, @entity68032 ), a weak agonist of self-antigens. This study was undertaken to test different routes and modes of vaccination with @entity68032 as treatment modalities for protection against @entity989 caused by chronic elevation of IOP in @entity35 , and to determine whether anatomical neuroprotection is accompanied by functional neuroprotection. In a chronic model of unilaterally high IOP, @entity68032 vaccination, with or without an adjuvant, protected @entity35 against IOP-induced loss of RGCs by eliciting a systemic T-cell-mediated response capable of cross-reacting with self-antigens residing in the eye. In @entity35 deprived of T cells, @entity68032 (unlike treatment with alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonists) was not protective of RGCs, substantiating the contention that its beneficial effect is not conferred directly but is T-cell-mediated. Pattern electroretinography provided evidence of functional protection. Thus, vaccination with adjuvant-free @entity68032 can protect RGCs from the consequences of elevated IOP in @entity35 . This protection is manifested both morphologically and functionally. These findings can be readily implemented for the development of a therapeutic vaccination to arrest the progression of @entity726 .

2099943

2099944

2099945

Differential protein expression and oncogenic gene network link XXXX kinase Ephrin B4 receptor to aggressive @entity356 .

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Transmembrane @entity4149 -kinase Ephrin receptors promote @entity5 progression and/or @entity3 of several @entity5 including @entity1778 , @entity706 , @entity11 , malignant @entity2615 , @entity3557 , @entity242 , and @entity5344 . They also drive intestinal stem-cell proliferation and positioning, control intestinal tissue-boundaries, and are involved in liver, pancreatic and @entity14 , indicating involvement in additional digestive system @entity5 . We investigated the role of @entity25335 ( @entity25335 ), and its ligand @entity21046 , in @entity356 in @entity1 cohorts through computational, mathematical, molecular, and immunohistochemical analyses. We show that @entity25335 is upregulated in preneoplastic @entity66 and its expression further increased in @entity5 in several independent cohorts. The closely-related EPHB6 receptor, which also binds @entity21046 , was down-regulated in all tested cohorts, consistent with its @entity5 -suppressive properties in other @entity5 . @entity21046 expression is induced in esophageal cells by acidity, suggesting that @entity354 ( @entity354 ) may constitute an early triggering event in activating @entity21046 - @entity25335 signaling. Association of @entity25335 to both @entity355 and to advanced @entity5 stages, and its overexpression at the @entity5 invasion front and vascular endothelial cells intimate the notion that @entity25335 may be associated with multiple steps of gastroesophageal tumorigenesis. Analysis of oncogenomic signatures uncovered the first @entity25335 -associated gene network (FDR:7x10(-90) ) composed of a five-transcription factor interconnected gene network that drives proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasiveness. The @entity25335 oncogenomic network provides a molecular basis for its role in @entity5 progression and points to @entity25335 as a potential @entity5 aggressiveness biomarker and drug target in @entity5 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

2099946

2099947

2099948

Differential protein expression and oncogenic gene network link @entity4149 kinase Ephrin B4 receptor to aggressive XXXX .

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Transmembrane @entity4149 -kinase Ephrin receptors promote @entity5 progression and/or @entity3 of several @entity5 including @entity1778 , @entity706 , @entity11 , malignant @entity2615 , @entity3557 , @entity242 , and @entity5344 . They also drive intestinal stem-cell proliferation and positioning, control intestinal tissue-boundaries, and are involved in liver, pancreatic and @entity14 , indicating involvement in additional digestive system @entity5 . We investigated the role of @entity25335 ( @entity25335 ), and its ligand @entity21046 , in @entity356 in @entity1 cohorts through computational, mathematical, molecular, and immunohistochemical analyses. We show that @entity25335 is upregulated in preneoplastic @entity66 and its expression further increased in @entity5 in several independent cohorts. The closely-related EPHB6 receptor, which also binds @entity21046 , was down-regulated in all tested cohorts, consistent with its @entity5 -suppressive properties in other @entity5 . @entity21046 expression is induced in esophageal cells by acidity, suggesting that @entity354 ( @entity354 ) may constitute an early triggering event in activating @entity21046 - @entity25335 signaling. Association of @entity25335 to both @entity355 and to advanced @entity5 stages, and its overexpression at the @entity5 invasion front and vascular endothelial cells intimate the notion that @entity25335 may be associated with multiple steps of gastroesophageal tumorigenesis. Analysis of oncogenomic signatures uncovered the first @entity25335 -associated gene network (FDR:7x10(-90) ) composed of a five-transcription factor interconnected gene network that drives proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasiveness. The @entity25335 oncogenomic network provides a molecular basis for its role in @entity5 progression and points to @entity25335 as a potential @entity5 aggressiveness biomarker and drug target in @entity5 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

2099949

2099950

2099951

Examining links between XXXX , reinvestment and walking when talking by older adults during adaptive gait.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Falls by older adults often result in reduced quality of life and debilitating fear of further falls. Stopping walking when talking (SWWT) is a significant predictor of future falls by older adults and is thought to reflect age-related increases in attentional demands of walking. We examine whether SWWT is associated with use of explicit movement cues during locomotion, and evaluate if conscious control (i.e. movement specific reinvestment) is causally linked to fall-related @entity148 during a complex walking task. We observed whether twenty-four older adults stopped walking when talking when asked a question during an adaptive gait task. After certain trials, @entity1 completed a visuospatial recall task regarding walkway features, or answered questions about their movements during the walk. In a subsequent experimental condition, @entity1 completed the walking task under conditions of raised postural threat. Compared to a control group, @entity1 who SWWT reported higher scores for aspects of reinvestment relating to conscious motor processing but not movement self-consciousness. The higher scores for conscious motor processing were preserved when scores representing cognitive function were included as a covariate. There were no group differences in measures of general cognitive function, @entity2414 or balance confidence. However, the SWWT group reported higher scores on a test of external awareness when walking, indicating allocation of attention away from task-relevant environmental features. Under conditions of increased threat, @entity1 self-reported significantly greater state @entity148 and reinvestment and displayed more accurate responses about their movements during the task. SWWT is not associated solely with age-related @entity73 or generic increases in age-related attentional demands of walking. SWWT may be caused by competition for phonological resources of working memory associated with consciously processing motor actions and appears to be causally linked with fall-related @entity148 and increased vigilance.

2099952

2099953

2099954

Umbilical XXXX : predisposing factors and treatment.

multiple_choice

@entity2869 is a common problem of sacrococcygeal region. However, it is also observed in the periumbilical area. There are only a few reports about umbilical @entity2869 in the literature. In this study, 26 @entity1 (24 @entity1 (92 %), 2 @entity1 (8 %) with a mean age of 22 years) with umbilical @entity2869 were included. Predisposing factors, @entity1 characteristics, treatment modalities, and their results have been studied. Male sex, young age, @entity20536 , deep navel, and poor personal hygiene were found to be predisposing factors. Twenty-five @entity1 were treated conservatively. However, two @entity1 failed to respond to conservative treatment. Those @entity1 underwent surgery where umbilectomy was carried out without reconstruction. One @entity1 was also operated on for the preoperative misdiagnosis of irreducible umbilical @entity547 . @entity1 were followed for 14-96 months. We recommend conservative treatment in @entity1 with umbilical @entity2869 . Surgery should be performed in recurrent cases resistant to conservative treatment. The importance of differential diagnosis of umbilical @entity2869 from other umbilical pathologies is also emphasized.

2099955

2099956

2099957

Does long-term passive stretching alter muscle-tendon unit mechanics in @entity1 with XXXX ?

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity306 causes @entity73 during development and many @entity1 may experience excessive neural and mechanical @entity121 . The clinical assumption is that excessive @entity2693 is thought to be one of the main reasons for functional impairments in @entity306 . As such, passive stretching is widely used to reduce @entity2693 , with a view to improving function. However, current research evidence on passive stretching in @entity306 is not adequate to support or refute the effectiveness of stretching as a management strategy to reduce @entity2693 and/or improve function. The purpose was to identify the effect of six weeks passive ankle stretching on muscle-tendon unit parameters in @entity1 with @entity306 . METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 (8-14y) with @entity306 were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=7) or a control group (n=6). The experimental group underwent an additional six weeks of passive ankle dorsiflexion stretching for 15min (per leg), four days per week, whilst the control group continued with their normal routine, which was similar for the two groups. Measures of muscle and tendon @entity2693 , strain and resting length were acquired pre- and post-intervention. FINDINGS: The experimental group demonstrated a 3 increase in maximum ankle dorsiflexion. This was accompanied by a 13% reduction in triceps surae @entity121 , with no change in tendon @entity2693 . Additionally, there was an increase in @entity6475 with no changes in resting length, suggesting @entity121 reductions were a result of alterations in intra/extra-muscular connective tissue. INTERPRETATION: The results demonstrate that stretching can reduce @entity121 by altering @entity6475 but not resting @entity3656 .

2099958

2099959

2099960

Does long-term passive stretching alter muscle-tendon unit mechanics in XXXX with @entity306 ?

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity306 causes @entity73 during development and many @entity1 may experience excessive neural and mechanical @entity121 . The clinical assumption is that excessive @entity2693 is thought to be one of the main reasons for functional impairments in @entity306 . As such, passive stretching is widely used to reduce @entity2693 , with a view to improving function. However, current research evidence on passive stretching in @entity306 is not adequate to support or refute the effectiveness of stretching as a management strategy to reduce @entity2693 and/or improve function. The purpose was to identify the effect of six weeks passive ankle stretching on muscle-tendon unit parameters in @entity1 with @entity306 . METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 (8-14y) with @entity306 were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=7) or a control group (n=6). The experimental group underwent an additional six weeks of passive ankle dorsiflexion stretching for 15min (per leg), four days per week, whilst the control group continued with their normal routine, which was similar for the two groups. Measures of muscle and tendon @entity2693 , strain and resting length were acquired pre- and post-intervention. FINDINGS: The experimental group demonstrated a 3 increase in maximum ankle dorsiflexion. This was accompanied by a 13% reduction in triceps surae @entity121 , with no change in tendon @entity2693 . Additionally, there was an increase in @entity6475 with no changes in resting length, suggesting @entity121 reductions were a result of alterations in intra/extra-muscular connective tissue. INTERPRETATION: The results demonstrate that stretching can reduce @entity121 by altering @entity6475 but not resting @entity3656 .

2099961

2099962

2099963

EFFECT OF SEASONAL CHANGES ON TESTICULAR MORPHOLOGY AND THE EXPRESSION OF CIRCADIAN CLOCK GENES IN JAPANESE WOOD XXXX (APODEMUS SPECIOSUS).

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to determine the seasonality of reproduction throughout the year in Japanese wood @entity19 (Apodemus speciosus). The effect of seasonal changes on testicular morphology and the periodic expression of circadian clock genes in the @entity2339 and testes of male individuals was evaluated. We also examined the morphology of the testes and caudae epididymides of male @entity19 . In addition, RT-PCR analysis was carried out with mRNA extracted from the @entity2339 and testes to evaluate the expression of the circadian clock genes Clock, @entity14734 , @entity14733 , and @entity37922 . The complete induction of testicular activity was detected from February to April and from August to October, with testes weight increasing with the completion of spermatogenesis (reproductive season). From May to early June and from November to early January, testicular weight declined, the seminiferous tubules reduced in size, spermatogenesis was arrested, and sperm were not produced (non-reproductive season). From mid- June to July and mid-January, the re-induction of testicular activity for spermatogenesis was observed in the seminiferous tubules (transitional season). Out of the four examined genes, @entity37922 had the highest expression level in both the @entity2339 and testes throughout the year, followed by @entity14734 , @entity14733 , and Clock. The expression of @entity14734 was significantly lower in the @entity2339 and testes during the transitional season compared to the reproductive and non-reproductive seasons. @entity37922 transcript levels were also significantly lower in the @entity2339 and testes during the transitional season compared to the reproductive season. In conclusion, the results indicating changes in testicular morphology revealed annual reproductive, non-reproductive, and transmission periods in Japanese wood @entity19 . When an increase in testicular activity was observed indicating the onset of the reproductive season, the mean day length was approximately 11 13 h. The expression of the circadian clock genes @entity14734 and @entity37922 in the @entity2339 and testes during the reproductive season was significantly higher than that of the same genes during the transitional season. Consequently, completion of spermatogenesis occurred in the seminiferous tubules of Japanese wood @entity19 testes during the reproductive period.

2099964

2099965

2099966

[ @entity145 of the middle cranial fossa presented as XXXX ].

multiple_choice

The aim of the study was to present the authors' own experience and discuss the treatment method of @entity145 of the middle cranial fossa disclosed as @entity3439 . Three cases of male @entity1 operated on because of chronic @entity3439 are presented. Control CT studies after evacuation of @entity1410 revealed @entity145 of the middle cranial fossa and all @entity1 were qualified for delayed cystocisternostomy by open craniotomy. Indirect signs of presence of @entity145 in the form of @entity854 and expanded the middle cranial fossa in the first CT were seen in all @entity1 . Cysts were asymptomatic until the injury in all cases. The volumes of cysts in MRI scans were: 17.8 ml, 52.9 ml and 92.4 ml, respectively. All cysts were type II according to Galassi classification. After control MRI described above made to evaluate cyst appearance, delayed cystocisternostomy to basal cisterns was undertaken in two cases with full success. No complications were observed. The third @entity1 refused surgery. During surgery the thick and non-transparent medial cyst wall and arachnoidea of tentorial notch cisterns were observed impeding the exact identification of @entity531 . In our opinion @entity145 of the middle cranial fossa revealed as @entity3439 should be operated on in two stages: in the first step @entity3439 should be evacuated and in the second step cystocisternostomy should be performed. With regard to observed morphological changes of arachnoidea and cyst walls we think that open cystocisternostomy is treatment of choice in these cases.

2099967

2099968

2099969

[ XXXX of the middle cranial fossa presented as @entity3439 ].

multiple_choice

The aim of the study was to present the authors' own experience and discuss the treatment method of @entity145 of the middle cranial fossa disclosed as @entity3439 . Three cases of male @entity1 operated on because of chronic @entity3439 are presented. Control CT studies after evacuation of @entity1410 revealed @entity145 of the middle cranial fossa and all @entity1 were qualified for delayed cystocisternostomy by open craniotomy. Indirect signs of presence of @entity145 in the form of @entity854 and expanded the middle cranial fossa in the first CT were seen in all @entity1 . Cysts were asymptomatic until the injury in all cases. The volumes of cysts in MRI scans were: 17.8 ml, 52.9 ml and 92.4 ml, respectively. All cysts were type II according to Galassi classification. After control MRI described above made to evaluate cyst appearance, delayed cystocisternostomy to basal cisterns was undertaken in two cases with full success. No complications were observed. The third @entity1 refused surgery. During surgery the thick and non-transparent medial cyst wall and arachnoidea of tentorial notch cisterns were observed impeding the exact identification of @entity531 . In our opinion @entity145 of the middle cranial fossa revealed as @entity3439 should be operated on in two stages: in the first step @entity3439 should be evacuated and in the second step cystocisternostomy should be performed. With regard to observed morphological changes of arachnoidea and cyst walls we think that open cystocisternostomy is treatment of choice in these cases.

2099970

2099971

2099972

Treatment of @entity5 by photo-induction combined to systemic chemotherapy: Proof of concept on XXXX and feasibility study on porcine chest cavities.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Low-dose, @entity4936 -mediated photodynamic therapy (photo-induction) was shown to selectively enhance @entity5 vessel transport causing increased uptake of systemically administered chemotherapy in various @entity5 types grown on rodent lungs. The present experiments explore the efficacy of photo-induced vessel modulation combined to intravenous (IV) liposomal @entity900 (Lipoplatin ) on @entity2 and the feasibility/ @entity137 of this approach in porcine chest cavities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three groups of Fischer @entity35 underwent @entity242 (n = 14), @entity2615 (n = 14), or @entity420 (n = 12) implantation on the left lung. Half of the animals of each group had photo-induction (0.0625 mg/kg @entity4936 , 10 J/cm(2) ) followed by IV administration of Lipoplatin (5 mg/kg) and the other half received Lipoplatin without photo-induction. Then, two groups of minipigs underwent intrapleural thoracoscopic (VATS) photo-induction (0.0625 mg/kg @entity4936 ; 30 J/cm(2) hilum; 10 J/cm(2) apex/diaphragm) with in situ light dosimetry in combination with IV Lipoplatin administration (5 mg/kg). Protocol I (n = 6) received Lipoplatin immediately after light delivery and Protocol II (n = 9) 90 minutes before light delivery. Three additional animals received Lipoplatin and VATS pleural biopsies but no photo-induction (controls). Lipoplatin concentrations were analyzed in blood and tissues before and at regular intervals after photo-induction using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Photo-induction selectively increased Lipoplatin uptake in all @entity5 . It significantly increased the ratio of @entity5 to lung Lipoplatin concentration in @entity242 (P = 0.0008) and @entity420 (P = 0.01) but not in @entity2615 , compared to IV drug application alone. In minipigs, intrapleural photo-induction combined to systemic Lipoplatin was well tolerated with no @entity137 at 7 days for both treatment protocols. The pleural Lipoplatin concentrations were not significantly different at 10 and 30 J/cm(2) locations but they were significantly higher in protocol I compared to II (2.37 0.7 vs. 1.37 0.7 ng/mg, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity4936 -mediated photo-induction selectively enhances the uptake of IV administered Lipoplatin in @entity2 . Intrapleural VATS photo-induction with identical treatment conditions combined to IV Lipoplatin chemotherapy is feasible and well tolerated in a porcine model. Lasers Surg. Med. 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

2099973

2099974

2099975

Treatment of XXXX by photo-induction combined to systemic chemotherapy: Proof of concept on @entity2 and feasibility study on porcine chest cavities.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Low-dose, @entity4936 -mediated photodynamic therapy (photo-induction) was shown to selectively enhance @entity5 vessel transport causing increased uptake of systemically administered chemotherapy in various @entity5 types grown on rodent lungs. The present experiments explore the efficacy of photo-induced vessel modulation combined to intravenous (IV) liposomal @entity900 (Lipoplatin ) on @entity2 and the feasibility/ @entity137 of this approach in porcine chest cavities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three groups of Fischer @entity35 underwent @entity242 (n = 14), @entity2615 (n = 14), or @entity420 (n = 12) implantation on the left lung. Half of the animals of each group had photo-induction (0.0625 mg/kg @entity4936 , 10 J/cm(2) ) followed by IV administration of Lipoplatin (5 mg/kg) and the other half received Lipoplatin without photo-induction. Then, two groups of minipigs underwent intrapleural thoracoscopic (VATS) photo-induction (0.0625 mg/kg @entity4936 ; 30 J/cm(2) hilum; 10 J/cm(2) apex/diaphragm) with in situ light dosimetry in combination with IV Lipoplatin administration (5 mg/kg). Protocol I (n = 6) received Lipoplatin immediately after light delivery and Protocol II (n = 9) 90 minutes before light delivery. Three additional animals received Lipoplatin and VATS pleural biopsies but no photo-induction (controls). Lipoplatin concentrations were analyzed in blood and tissues before and at regular intervals after photo-induction using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Photo-induction selectively increased Lipoplatin uptake in all @entity5 . It significantly increased the ratio of @entity5 to lung Lipoplatin concentration in @entity242 (P = 0.0008) and @entity420 (P = 0.01) but not in @entity2615 , compared to IV drug application alone. In minipigs, intrapleural photo-induction combined to systemic Lipoplatin was well tolerated with no @entity137 at 7 days for both treatment protocols. The pleural Lipoplatin concentrations were not significantly different at 10 and 30 J/cm(2) locations but they were significantly higher in protocol I compared to II (2.37 0.7 vs. 1.37 0.7 ng/mg, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity4936 -mediated photo-induction selectively enhances the uptake of IV administered Lipoplatin in @entity2 . Intrapleural VATS photo-induction with identical treatment conditions combined to IV Lipoplatin chemotherapy is feasible and well tolerated in a porcine model. Lasers Surg. Med. 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

2099976

2099977

2099978

Supracondylar skeletal traction and open interlocking nailing for neglected XXXX of the shaft of femur - Retrospective study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Neglected @entity130 is a common problem faced by Orthopaedic surgeons practicing in developing countries. Nothing much in English literature is available regarding the practical difficulties and guidelines for treating neglected @entity130 of long bones. METHODS: In our institution from November 2003 to October 2009 we treated 25 cases of neglected @entity174 of shaft of femur. @entity1 underwent either of three types of management protocols depending upon the preoperative manual traction radiographs. The @entity174 was fixed with open interlocking nail. Primary bone grafting and bone shortening procedures were not performed in any of the @entity1 . RESULTS: The @entity174 united in all @entity1 at an average duration of 17 weeks. Two @entity1 had limb length discrepancy. CONCLUSION: Careful preoperative evaluation is mandatory for good results. Preoperative skeletal traction and two stage surgical procedure may be required to avoid limb length discrepancy and @entity531 .

2099979

2099980

2099981

A XXXX - @entity584 Feed-Forward Topology Underlies @entity7514 Resiliency in @entity1722 -Amplified Cancers.

multiple_choice

The requisite role of @entity7514 in @entity1722 -amplified @entity5 is beyond what would be expected as a dimerization partner or effector substrate and it exhibits a substantial degree of resiliency that mitigates the effects of @entity1722 -inhibitor therapies. To better understand the roots of this resiliency, we conducted an in-depth chemical-genetic interrogation of the signaling network downstream of @entity7514 . A unique attribute of these @entity5 is the deregulation of @entity29855 . The upstream signals that ordinarily maintain @entity29855 signaling are lost in these @entity5 , and instead @entity29855 is driven by @entity584 . We find that in these @entity5 @entity7514 functions as a buffering arm of an @entity584 - @entity29855 feed-forward loop that functions as a self-perpetuating module. This network topology alters the role of @entity7514 from a conditionally engaged ligand-driven upstream physiologic signaling input to an essential component of a concentric signaling throughput highly competent at preservation of homeostasis. The competence of this signaling topology is evident in its response to perturbation at any of its nodes. Thus, a critical pathophysiologic event in the evolution of @entity1722 -amplified @entity5 is the loss of the input signals that normally drive @entity29855 signaling, repositioning it under @entity584 dependency, and fundamentally altering the role of @entity7514 . This reprogramming of the downstream network topology is a key aspect in the pathogenesis of @entity1722 -amplified @entity5 and constitutes a formidable barrier in the targeted therapy of these @entity5 . Mol Cancer Ther; 14(12); 2805-17. 2015 AACR.

2099982

2099983

2099984

A @entity29855 - @entity584 Feed-Forward Topology Underlies XXXX Resiliency in @entity1722 -Amplified Cancers.

multiple_choice

The requisite role of @entity7514 in @entity1722 -amplified @entity5 is beyond what would be expected as a dimerization partner or effector substrate and it exhibits a substantial degree of resiliency that mitigates the effects of @entity1722 -inhibitor therapies. To better understand the roots of this resiliency, we conducted an in-depth chemical-genetic interrogation of the signaling network downstream of @entity7514 . A unique attribute of these @entity5 is the deregulation of @entity29855 . The upstream signals that ordinarily maintain @entity29855 signaling are lost in these @entity5 , and instead @entity29855 is driven by @entity584 . We find that in these @entity5 @entity7514 functions as a buffering arm of an @entity584 - @entity29855 feed-forward loop that functions as a self-perpetuating module. This network topology alters the role of @entity7514 from a conditionally engaged ligand-driven upstream physiologic signaling input to an essential component of a concentric signaling throughput highly competent at preservation of homeostasis. The competence of this signaling topology is evident in its response to perturbation at any of its nodes. Thus, a critical pathophysiologic event in the evolution of @entity1722 -amplified @entity5 is the loss of the input signals that normally drive @entity29855 signaling, repositioning it under @entity584 dependency, and fundamentally altering the role of @entity7514 . This reprogramming of the downstream network topology is a key aspect in the pathogenesis of @entity1722 -amplified @entity5 and constitutes a formidable barrier in the targeted therapy of these @entity5 . Mol Cancer Ther; 14(12); 2805-17. 2015 AACR.

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A @entity29855 - @entity584 Feed-Forward Topology Underlies @entity7514 Resiliency in XXXX -Amplified Cancers.

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The requisite role of @entity7514 in @entity1722 -amplified @entity5 is beyond what would be expected as a dimerization partner or effector substrate and it exhibits a substantial degree of resiliency that mitigates the effects of @entity1722 -inhibitor therapies. To better understand the roots of this resiliency, we conducted an in-depth chemical-genetic interrogation of the signaling network downstream of @entity7514 . A unique attribute of these @entity5 is the deregulation of @entity29855 . The upstream signals that ordinarily maintain @entity29855 signaling are lost in these @entity5 , and instead @entity29855 is driven by @entity584 . We find that in these @entity5 @entity7514 functions as a buffering arm of an @entity584 - @entity29855 feed-forward loop that functions as a self-perpetuating module. This network topology alters the role of @entity7514 from a conditionally engaged ligand-driven upstream physiologic signaling input to an essential component of a concentric signaling throughput highly competent at preservation of homeostasis. The competence of this signaling topology is evident in its response to perturbation at any of its nodes. Thus, a critical pathophysiologic event in the evolution of @entity1722 -amplified @entity5 is the loss of the input signals that normally drive @entity29855 signaling, repositioning it under @entity584 dependency, and fundamentally altering the role of @entity7514 . This reprogramming of the downstream network topology is a key aspect in the pathogenesis of @entity1722 -amplified @entity5 and constitutes a formidable barrier in the targeted therapy of these @entity5 . Mol Cancer Ther; 14(12); 2805-17. 2015 AACR.

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A @entity29855 - XXXX Feed-Forward Topology Underlies @entity7514 Resiliency in @entity1722 -Amplified Cancers.

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The requisite role of @entity7514 in @entity1722 -amplified @entity5 is beyond what would be expected as a dimerization partner or effector substrate and it exhibits a substantial degree of resiliency that mitigates the effects of @entity1722 -inhibitor therapies. To better understand the roots of this resiliency, we conducted an in-depth chemical-genetic interrogation of the signaling network downstream of @entity7514 . A unique attribute of these @entity5 is the deregulation of @entity29855 . The upstream signals that ordinarily maintain @entity29855 signaling are lost in these @entity5 , and instead @entity29855 is driven by @entity584 . We find that in these @entity5 @entity7514 functions as a buffering arm of an @entity584 - @entity29855 feed-forward loop that functions as a self-perpetuating module. This network topology alters the role of @entity7514 from a conditionally engaged ligand-driven upstream physiologic signaling input to an essential component of a concentric signaling throughput highly competent at preservation of homeostasis. The competence of this signaling topology is evident in its response to perturbation at any of its nodes. Thus, a critical pathophysiologic event in the evolution of @entity1722 -amplified @entity5 is the loss of the input signals that normally drive @entity29855 signaling, repositioning it under @entity584 dependency, and fundamentally altering the role of @entity7514 . This reprogramming of the downstream network topology is a key aspect in the pathogenesis of @entity1722 -amplified @entity5 and constitutes a formidable barrier in the targeted therapy of these @entity5 . Mol Cancer Ther; 14(12); 2805-17. 2015 AACR.

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[Acute transverse XXXX : inflammatory or ischemic?].

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The rapid development of @entity1746 or @entity10492 combined with a bilateral @entity51 that has a clearly defined rostral border and @entity1494 are the principal features of @entity5697 . Acute partial transverse @entity602 is far much more frequent: its symptoms are asymmetric, sometimes unilateral, and @entity51 may predominate. An urgent MRI is required to exclude acute @entity1745 . Diagnosis of @entity63 includes the following elements: sudden onset, neurologic symptoms compatible with @entity6128 (by far the most frequent location for @entity1188 ), and presence of a specific cause of @entity2759 . In all other cases where it is difficult to distinguish @entity1188 from @entity4685 , analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid is essential. Most cases of inflammatory @entity5697 can be linked to a defined cause. @entity15 is a major cause of partial @entity5697 . MRI lesions are usually small, located in the lateral or posterior part of the spinal cord. Diagnostic elements include @entity75 of multifocal @entity17 on the cerebral MRI, oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid, and the absence of clinical or laboratory abnormalities that suggest @entity262 . @entity1652 , also known as @entity1652 , has often been considered a variant form of @entity15 . Recent immunologic studies confirm the hypothesis that it is a distinct entity. Infectious transverse acute @entity4685 is often of viral origin. It may result from direct viral stress but more frequently follows immunologically-mediated indirect stress. This acute parainfectious @entity4685 , like @entity5697 , may be considered as a spinal single-focus form of acute disseminated @entity1651 (ADEM). It is important to distinguish the latter from an initial episode of @entity15 , because their prognosis and treatment differ.

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Multimodality therapy for locally advanced XXXX : A propensity score-matched cohort study from the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database.

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OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the prognostic impact of multimodality therapies in locally advanced @entity704 . METHODS: From January 1990 to January 2010, clinicopathological, surgical, and oncological features were retrospectively reviewed in a cohort of 370 Masaoka-Koga @entity5 (World Health Organization classification A to B3) collected from 37 institutions. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was created to identify independent predictors of overall, cancer-specific (CSS), and relapse-free survivals. Furthermore, a propensity score-matching analysis for exposure to @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) therapy was generated. RESULTS: Induction therapy and @entity1753 were administered to 88 (24.9%) and 245 (69.4%) @entity1 , respectively. Overall, 5- and 10-year overall survival, CSS, and relapse-free survivals were 82.8%, 88.4%, and 80.0%, and 68.9%, 83.3%, and 71.5%, respectively. At multivariable analysis performed in the matched cohort, @entity1753 was confirmed as the strongest predictive factor for overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-9.12; P = .08) and CSS (hazard ratio, 4.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-22.2; P = .05). Pathologic T classification (according to International Association for the Study of @entity2 and International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group TNM staging proposal) was an independent factor for relapse (hazard ratio, 8.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-70.04; P = .04). When CSS was adjusted for T classification, @entity1753 confirmed a significant survival advantage for @entity1803 @entity5 (P = .04). On the other hand, for @entity704 larger than 5 cm, stratifying for @entity5 size and @entity1753 did not affect 5-year CSS (P = .17). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that @entity1753 is beneficial for locally advanced @entity704 , mainly for specific pathologic features ( @entity1803 or @entity5 size smaller than 5 cm). Further larger studies are needed to confirm these data.

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A Bruch's membrane substitute fabricated from silk fibroin supports the function of XXXX pigment epithelial cells in vitro.

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UNASSIGNED: Silk fibroin provides a promising biomaterial for ocular tissue reconstruction, including the damaged outer blood- @entity5995 barrier of @entity1 afflicted with @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the function of @entity5995 pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro, when grown on fibroin membranes manufactured to a thickness similar to that of Bruch's membrane (3 m). Confluent cultures of RPE cells (ARPE-19) were established on fibroin membranes and maintained under conditions designed to promote maturation over 4 months. Control cultures were grown on polyester cell culture well inserts (Transwell( ) ). Cultures established on either material developed a cobblestone morphology, with partial pigmentation, within 12 weeks. Immunocytochemistry at 16 weeks revealed a similar distribution pattern between cultures for F-actin, @entity11178 , ezrin, cytokeratin pair 8/18, @entity31923 and @entity4024 / @entity3529 -ATPase. Electron microscopy revealed that cultures grown on fibroin displayed a rounder apical surface with a more dense distribution of microvilli. Both cultures avidly ingested fluorescent microspheres coated with vitronectin and bovine serum albumin (BSA), but not controls coated with BSA alone. @entity7 and @entity32704 were detected in the conditioned media collected from above and below the two membrane types. Levels of @entity32704 were significantly higher than for @entity7 on both membranes and a trend was observed towards larger amounts of @entity32704 in apical compartments. These findings demonstrated that RPE cell functions on fibroin membranes are equivalent to those observed for standard test materials (polyester membranes). As such, these studies support advancement to studies of RPE cell implantation on fibroin membranes in a preclinical model. Copyright 2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.