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x 2 cuff Bracelets "Arcana" - Gothic - lace black red
Ivory White Gothic Lace Pentagram Wicca Burlesque Choker Necklace | [
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Don's Food Stores - Longview, TX | Groupon
301 Mobberly Avenue, Longview, TX 75602 301 Mobberly Avenue, Longview Directions
301 Mobberly Avenue,
Don's Food Stores welcomes customers to its one-of-a-kind grocery store, beloved by local patrons at its location in Longview, TX.
Grocery shopping shouldn't be a chore and at Don's Food Stores in Longview it isn't. Stop by the store today and have fun picking out new eats.
Many parking options are available in the area. Fresh food that lasts longer is just asking to be bought. Find it at Longview's Don's Food Stores.
Groupon has verified that the customer actually visited Don's Food Stores. | [
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About Kristina Statler
Kristina Statler is an ALACE Certified and DONA trained Birth Doula, Apprentice Midwife, Childbirth Educator, Lactation Counselor, Positive Birth Movement Facilitator and Communications Coordinator for Pacific Birth Collective. Kristina has been working with birthing families on the island of Maui for 20 years and has three sons of her own.
A portion of each sale of an e-book from Kristina's Navigate Series will go to Pacific Birth Collective. See what they are up to at pacificbirthcollective.org!
Books By Kristina Statler
How to Navigate a Hospital Birth on Maui: A Guide for Families and Birth Doulas (Navigation Series Book 1) Feb 28, 2017
How to Navigate an Out of Hospital Birth on Maui: A Guide for Island Families (Navigation Series Book 2) Feb 28, 2017 | [
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Properties For Sale in Trap's Green - Flats & Houses For Sale in Trap's Green - Rightmove
Properties For Sale in Trap's Green, Solihull, West Midlands Sort:
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6 bedroom detached house for sale Spring Lane, Lapworth, Solihull, Warwickshire, B94
6 bedroom detached house for sale Forde Hall Lane, Tanworth In Arden
5 bedroom farm house for sale Vicarage Hill, Tanworth In Arden
*Spacious Five Bedroom Detached Bungalow
*Barn with Planning for Single Dwelling
*Alternative Schemes Possible (subject to planning)
*Approx. 14 Acres *Further 60 Acres Available by Separate Negotiation
6 bedroom detached house for sale Spring Lane, Lapworth
* Period country home set in 10.97 acres
* Separate 3 bedroom cottage
* Large barn with planning permission for 2 three bedroom cottages
* 4 garages & home office
* Swimming pool, tennis court & beautiful gardens
6 bedroom detached house for sale Forshaw Heath Road, Earlswood
4 bedroom detached bungalow for sale Norton Lane, Earlswood
£1,225,000 4 bedroom detached house for sale Stratford Road, Hockley Heath, Solihull
Property located in Stratford Road, Hockley Heath, Solihull
5 bedroom house for sale Broad Lane, Tanworth-In-Arden, Solihull
** AN EXTREMELY WELL PRESENTED LARGE DETACHED FAMILY HOME WITH POTENTIAL TO EXTEND FURTHER ** An extremely well presented large detached executive home located in the highly desirable village of Tanworth in Arden. Built in the late 1920's it was once the village doctors. It still boasts ...
7 bedroom detached house for sale Earlswood Common, Earlswood, Solihull
** A LARGE FAMILY HOME WITH A FULLY SELF-CONTAINED ANNEXE ** An extremely well appointed large detached country residence located in the coveted village of Earlswood it boasts an enviable mature plot adjoining National Trust land to two sides and Woodland Trust to the other. This home ha...
5 bedroom detached house for sale Poolhead Lane, Solihull
£910,000 6 bedroom detached house for sale Malthouse Lane, Earlswood, Solihull, B94
6 bedroom detached house for sale Malthouse Lane, Earlswood
Situated on 3 & 1/2 acre plot approx. with covered swimming pool, paddock, stables, outbuildings, attractive garden and open fields beyond. The accommodation briefly comprises: Reception hall, lounge, sitting room/dining room, three ground floor bedrooms, family bathroom, kitchen/breakfast ro...
£896,000 5 bedroom detached house for sale Forshaw Heath Lane, Earlswood, Solihull
PLEASE CLICK TO SEE A PROPERTY TOUR OF THIS PROPERTY **Impressive 220ft frontage * 1.2 acre plot * Wide and architecturally impressive front elevation * Bluebell woodland to side * Sweeping gated driveway * Detached garage/coach house * Dura Fitted Garage Storage Package * Carpets, Curtains &...
5 bedroom detached house for sale Arden Leys, Tanworth-In-Arden
Smart Homes are delighted to offer this contemporary four/five bedroom detached family home which has been greatly improved and modernised by the existing vendors. Set on the edge of this popular village location with open views to rear this luxury appointed home of approx. 2500sqft is a must se...
4 bedroom detached house for sale Rushbrook Lane, Tanworth In Arden
* Detached garage with loft room over
* Landscaped garden with option of 0.25 acre orchard by separate negotaition
£675,000 3 bedroom detached house for sale Tapster Lane, Lapworth
£665,000 4 bedroom detached house for sale Springfield, Earlswood
Set in the beautiful countryside of Earlswood, Springfield is an immaculate four bedroom home brimming with designer style. It is the finished article, ready for you to enjoy. This stunning home has been completely transformed into a spacious 4 bedroom, 3 bathroom home with a spectacular open ...
by Mr and Mrs Clarke, Added on 20/05/2017
£595,000 4 bedroom detached house for sale Blind Lane, Tanworth-In-Arden, Solihull
4 bedroom house for sale Broad Lane, Tanworth-In-Arden, Solihull
This detached four bedroom property is set back off Broad Lane in the highly sought after village of Tanworth-In-Arden, Offering a Double Garage, Private South Facing Rear Garden with Rear Access. 3 Reception Rooms, Kitchen, Large Utility, Re-fitted Bathroom with Separate Shower Room, Ample Parki...
£560,000 4 bedroom detached house for sale Wharf Lane, Lapworth
* Beautifully re-fitted breakfast kitchen with utility
* Principal bedroom with wardrobes & wet room en-suite
£550,000 4 bedroom detached house for sale Earlswood Common, Earlswood, Solihull
Property located in Earlswood Common, Earlswood, Solihull | [
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Title IX Higher Ed Round Table Registration, Fri, Dec 9, 2016 at 9:00 AM | Eventbrite
Title IX Higher Ed Round Table
by Office of Risk Management, Arthur J. Gallagher, and the LSU Ag Center
Thank you for registering for this Round Table, see you in New Orleans!
2000 Lakeshore Drive Atchafalaya Room 208 New Orleans, LA 70148 View Map
for a discussion of the risk landscape that each of our Universities and Colleges face today. Interact with your peers to gain valuable resources as we continue to see the reach of Higher Education grow far beyond the campus. Title IX
Institutions of higher education are increasingly facing complex legal issues on and off campus involving students, faculty, staff and visitors to their campuses.
The State of Louisiana’s Office of Risk Management, Arthur J. Gallagher & Co., Carmon Harvey of LeClairRyan and UNO Title IX Representatives are offering a unique educational opportunity for representatives of such institutions to learn about the current status of the law regarding a wide range of areas, including:
¨ preventing and adequately responding to incidents of sexual assault and other sexual misconduct (relating to both the victim and accused),
¨ Title IX compliance and CLERY compliance,
¨ issues relating to gender identity and transgendered students on campus,
¨ student discipline & student requests for disability-related accommodations,
¨ employment discrimination and FERPA compliance.
Since there often is no “one size fits all” approach to handling these issues, the program will focus on facilitating a conversation among attendees to get the benefit of collective experience and wisdom.
2000 Lakeshore Drive Atchafalaya Room 208, New Orleans, LA 70148
Spartan Controls Networking Event | [
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x barack obamax roberts PROGRAM
in part, difference to the sluggish economy and the challenges that the nation faces and the crowds will be smaller. george h.w. bush and george w. bush won't be here. there have been pres debts where presidents in the past haven't made it. george h.w. bush just got out hospital, which is why they won't be here. mitt romney won't be here. the last time a vanquished opponent didn't show up was in 1985 for ronald reagan, and walter mondale was a no-show. that was the last time that the 20th state fell on a sunday and they had to do the monday as i rememberrial, versus another day. and back in those days, it was the coldest one on record, 7 degrees. there will be differences between the obama 2009 and 2013. four years ago, the crowd estimate was nearly 2 million people. there is a big parlor game about whether the crowd estimates on the mall are ever accurate. but nearly 2 million. now they are saying between 600- to 800,000. and there are a series of other things. and the money. four years ago, the obama administration, the obama campaign raised $53 million for the inaugural with pers CSPAN - Public Affairs
promises. or helping the economy. how did you weigh those? when he makes a promise on the plus side, does he get a plus on at 500 or does he get a negative? the net -- the next time, does he get guest: we have a category called obama's top promises. you can look at those and you can see that i think his record of fulfilling them is not quite as high as overall. you make a good point -- some of his promises were sweeping and thematic and others were very specific. there were two that were lighthearted -- we included two promises like that. one was his promise during the campaign that he would buy his daughter as a puppy which is a promise kept in the other was that he would fight for a college football playoff system which we also raided a promise kept indeed, you could say this is the aggregate and you need to look in on the more narrow numbers. we published an article yesterday but we welcome anybody who wants to tally them up in different ways and provide an analysis. all promises are not created equal. host: we are looking at the top promises on politifact - tell us more about compromi FOXNEWSW - FOX and Friends Sunday
year and the fourth year. >> harder when he's a candidate to an achieve. the economy, they said if they passed the massive unemployment, it'd keep under 8%, it was spiked up to 10% and down to 7.8 and they say it's a fail. and killed osama bin laden, and passed health care, what kind of program we'll be we're only getting it now, it passed two years ago. >> alisyn: and iraq, promised to end iraq and making steps towards that as well. >> iraq and afghanistan. >> although unemployment continues to be a problem. i read this morning one more person unemployed, manti te'o's imagery girlfriend has lost her job. >> her imagery job. >> she didn't show up. >> we found out she was alive before she didn't exist. >> and people in kentucky picked up a phone and senator mitch mcconnell was calling them on the television and recorded a message sent out to about 250,000 people who live in kentucky. and who own guns who are hunters and he personally pledged as the minority leader in the u.s. senate, he will not allow the president's gun control measures to go through. and here is a little bit of CNNW - The Presidential Inauguration
on the screen and i thought, well you know what the economy is still bad there's 7.8% unemployment, underemployment is also skyrocketing. then my husband had to go look at the cross caps. >> i hate it when i look at that. >> toad look at the science. toad read the numbers. you had a great point. you did discover something that is noteworthy. >> if you break it down, the real news here is the polarization. i mean, 76% of democrats thing thinks are going very well. only 28% of republicans. just another reminder of how drunk we are on partisanship. >> that partisanship or is it that democrats are glass half-full and republicans are glass half-empty? >> marg is a great very glass half-full republican. >> reagan was a sunny optimist you can the eternal optimist. >> he was. it does speak to how our partisanship fueled our perceptions, looking at the same data. >> let's talk about this thing about monarch, king conflict that many republicans say the president has. i want to get this quote. here's what republican senator rand paul says. he said, gop says, "they are going to stop this king CSPAN - Public Affairs
and mathematics backgrounds to stay in the u.s., use those skills to grow our economy, help our country, rather than go back to their home country. host: the white house sees hope for bipartisan deal on immigration based on what senator marco rubio of florida, republican, has put out there. he's put some ideas out there. do you -- do you endorse liz ideas? guest: i have not spoken to senator rubio yet, but we welcome those ideas. there are others in the house that are working on specific proposals and wider ranging proposals, and we want to take a look at this. you know, we are a nation of immigrants. there is not a person to be found who's a u.s. citizen who can't go back a few generations or several generations and find someone in their family who came to the united states to better their lives. my grandfather came from germany. my wife's parents came from ireland. this is a very, very common thing. we are also a nation of laws. so finding a way to address this issue and fix a very broken immigration system will entail looking at a lot of different pieces of this, including enforcement and wh CSPAN - Washington Journal
our economy hostage to drathsically cut programs and democrats and republicans must pass a clean bill. caller: i heard this. and i heard jay cornyn say that. i know what he said. but they also said that they want a clean debt ceiling. not every three months you're going to have the same thing over again. they want it for a whole year. not this three-month extension. host: jeff this morning off twitter said this is a reasonable offer if the democrats do not accept it he adds nice play, g.o.p. host: republican line? caller: yes, there are two features on this proposed legislative action. they have different levels of support for me. i do support the concept of withholding pay for not having a budget. i mean, not only should the federal government have a law regarding that but i think each individual state should enact a legislative negligence act that if you don't fulfill that responsibility of having a budget, you do not get paid and you get barred from running for future elective office. with regard to the debt ceiling, here we go again. the republican party, if it goes along with thi CSPAN - Washington Journal
to leave the pentagon. s he has fought to protect the economy. and he is expected to return to california next month. >>> some scary moments for people at three separate gun shows yesterday. here in raleigh, north carolina, a shotgun accidentally fired. he brought it to the gun show to sell s and he didn't unload the ammunition. another man shot himself in the hand. in medina, ohio, the handgun he was checking was loaded when he pulled the trigger and it was discharged. it wounded a bystander in the arm and leg. >>> hundreds of gun activists protested at the capital. ♪ >> the event was one of several pro gun protests nationwide. many of the activists say ban on proposed weapons and high clips are a way to chip away at the second amendment right. they spiked 60% in two years. the press democrat reports firearms dealers in sonoma county sold 700 guns a day. this came touring a crop in crime. >>> no money will be handed out at marin county. because the program ran out of cash. 300 were turned in last week. they gave them the allotted money and they need to raise $60,000 to carry the nongua Excerpts 0 to 10 of about | [
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Inglewood Guest House (Dunfermline, GBR) | Expedia
Fife (county)
1-800-238-0767 Expedia.com • Hotels • Europe • United Kingdom • Scotland • Fife Hotels • Inglewood Guest House, Fife
Inglewood Guest House, Fife, current page
42 Boreland Rd Inverkeithing Fife
Switch main photo to photo of 12/18 Childrens Play Area - Outdoor
Deep Sea World - 1.7 miles
Forth Road Bridge - 2.8 miles
Get an overview of this hotel3-star guesthouse with free breakfast and bar/lounge Location
Situated in Dunfermline, this guesthouse is 2.3 mi (3.7 km) from Deep Sea World and within 6 mi (10 km) of Aberdour Castle and Forth Road Bridge. Dunfermline Abbey and Silver Sands Beach are also within 6 mi (10 km). Property Features
This smoke-free guesthouse features a bar/lounge, a garden, and free breakfast. Free WiFi in public areas and free self parking are also provided. Room Amenities
All 4 soundproofed rooms feature free WiFi and DVD players. TVs, coffee makers, and desks are among the other amenities available to guests. Bathrooms are shared. Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window Select to view moreAbout the Hotel Tab 1 of 2 selectedSelect to viewGuest Reviews Tab 2 of 2 Inglewood Guest House
A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast each morning. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access. Onsite self parking is complimentary. Inglewood Guest House is a smoke-free property. Total number of rooms - 4 Number of floors - 2 Bar/lounge Free breakfast Front desk (limited hours) Free WiFi Garden Free self parking Smoke-free property Number of buildings/towers - 1 Show all hotel amenities
Family Hotel Free Wi-Fi Rollaway/extra beds available Soundproofed rooms Cribs/infant beds (complimentary) DVD player Internet
Shared bathroom DVD player Air conditioning Coffee/tea maker Television Desk Rollaway/extra beds available Free WiFi Soundproofed rooms In-room climate control (air conditioning) Free cribs/infant beds Where to Eat
Inglewood Dunfermline
Inglewood Guest House Dunfermline | [
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See more: create custom business directory wordpress, business directory drupal wordpress, business directory plugin elgg framework, classified directory wordpress theme, school directory wordpress theme, olomo listings & directory wordpress theme, business listing template in themeforest, xwp directory wordpress theme, wordpress theme directories, wordpress theme my listings, wordpress business directory, business directory script wordpress, business directory solution wordpress, create paid write reviews plugin wordpress, elgg business directory plugin, socialengine business directory plugin radcodes, wordpress business directory plugin searchable, business directory using wordpress, wordpress theme business directory, business card plugin wordpress
Project ID: #19000919
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Hi, 1. Kindly provide us MOCK_UP ? We are expert in developing websites and mobile sites through PHP, Wordpress, Shopify, Codeigniter, Larvel, Magento, Drupal, Angular, bootstrap, HTML, HTML5, CSS, Jquery, AJAX, More | [
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Democracy Now! Wednesday, November 6, 2002 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive
Democracy Now! Wednesday, November 6, 2002
[archiveorg dn2002-1106_vid width=560 height=384 frameborder=0 webkitallowfullscreen=true mozallowfullscreen=true]
Graphic Violence Graphic Sexual Content Spam, Scam or Fraud Broken or Empty Data moviesDemocracy Now! Wednesday, November 6, 2002 Published November 6, 2002
Democracy Now! television program for Wednesday, November 6, 2002
Democracy Now! Wednesday, November 6, 2013 Nov 6, 2013
Democracy Now! Wednesday, May 15, 2002 Feb 24, 2007
Democracy Now! Wednesday, April 3, 2002 Feb 16, 2007
Democracy Now! Wednesday, July 10, 2002 Apr 1, 2007 | [
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Fermilab Lecture Series -The Physics of Superheroes - Chicago Science Field Trips (Chicago, IL)
Fermilab Lecture Series -The Physics of Superheroes
In THE PHYSICS OF SUPERHEROES, inspired by his Freshman Seminar class at the University of Minnesota entitled: "Everything I Know About Science I Learned from Reading Comic Books," Physics Professor James Kakalios addresses topics from Isaac Newton to the transistor, but there's not an inclined plane or pulley in sight. Rather, ALL the examples come from superhero comic books, and as much as possible, those cases where the superheroes get their physics right!
For example, have you ever wondered how strong you would have to be to "leap a tall building in a single bound?" Was it the fall or the webbin that killed Gwen Stacy, Spider-Man's girlfriend in the classic Amazing Spider-Man # 121? How does Kitty Pryde from the X-Men comics and movies use quantum mechanics to walk through walls? All this, and the answers to such important real life questions as the chemical composition of Captain America's shield, and who is faster: Superman or the Flash? will be discussed. Superhero comic books often get their science right more often than one would expect!
Additional info: http://www.fnal.gov/culture/NewArts/Lectures/13-14/kakalios.shtml
Miguel A Very entertaining and informative at the same time, a GREAT lecture. 0 · December 6, 2013 Miguel A I'll be early, at about 7pm or 7:15pm. Look for the guy with a blue shirt and a Meetup badge. I'll enter the auditorium at about 7:45pm. 0 · December 5, 2013 Bob K. Just got this email from Fermi's list: Physics of Superheroes Lecture Sold Out 0 · December 4, 2013 16 went
Your organizer's refund policy for Fermilab Lecture Series -The Physics of Superheroes
5,921 Chicago Social Professionals
4,575 Freebies
1,665 Chicago Film Lovers
1,750 Philosophers | [
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Patent US4115759 - Multiple bit deskew buffer - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA multiple bit deskew buffer while providing skew correction for multi-track data read on mass storage devices is disclosed. All data transfers are synchronized to one basic clock eliminating the multiple clocking systems utilized in the prior art. The invention is arranged such that it could be easily...http://www.google.com/patents/US4115759?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4115759 - Multiple bit deskew bufferAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4115759 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 05/822,476Publication dateSep 19, 1978Filing dateAug 8, 1977Priority dateAug 8, 1977Also published asCA1112356A1, DE2834094A1, DE2834094C2Publication number05822476, 822476, US 4115759 A, US 4115759A, US-A-4115759, US4115759 A, US4115759AInventorsEdward Roald BesenfelderOriginal AssigneeHoneywell Information Systems Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (6), Referenced by (23), Classifications (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMultiple bit deskew bufferUS 4115759 AAbstract A multiple bit deskew buffer while providing skew correction for multi-track data read on mass storage devices is disclosed. All data transfers are synchronized to one basic clock eliminating the multiple clocking systems utilized in the prior art. The invention is arranged such that it could be easily modified so as to vary the number of bytes of data held in the byte buffer by either hardware, firmware, or software means.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3708783 *Jun 18, 1971Jan 2, 1973AmpexInterchannel time displacement correction method and apparatusUS3790954 *Dec 26, 1972Feb 5, 1974IbmSkew controlled readback systemsUS3792436 *Jan 4, 1973Feb 12, 1974Honeywell Inf SystemsDeskewing buffer arrangement which includes means for detecting and correcting channel errorsUS3800280 *Nov 6, 1972Mar 26, 1974Gte Automatic Electric Lab IncTime skew measurement circuit for mag tape transportsUS3863228 *Dec 13, 1973Jan 28, 1975Honeywell Inf SystemsApparatus for detecting and elminating a transfer of noise records to a data processing apparatusUS3882459 *May 2, 1974May 6, 1975Honeywell Inf SystemsDeadtracking system* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4490821 *Dec 13, 1982Dec 25, 1984Burroughs CorporationCentralized clock time error correction systemUS4577318 *Nov 14, 1983Mar 18, 1986Burroughs CorporationSelf testing detection system for comparing digital signal transition timesUS4739419 *Jan 6, 1986Apr 19, 1988Eastman Kodak CompanyApparatus for eliminating midfield skew error by delaying the lower half field of a T M format video signal to be recorded on the second of two tracksUS4759020 *Sep 25, 1985Jul 19, 1988Unisys CorporationSelf-healing bubble memoriesUS4785415 *Aug 29, 1986Nov 15, 1988Hewlett-Packard CompanyDigital data buffer and variable shift registerUS4803566 *Aug 1, 1983Feb 7, 1989Eastman Kodak CompanyDigital time base correction using a reference bitUS5956524 *Jul 10, 1997Sep 21, 1999Micro Technology Inc.System and method for dynamic alignment of associated portions of a code word from a plurality of asynchronous sourcesUS6536025May 14, 2001Mar 18, 2003Intel CorporationReceiver deskewing of multiple source synchronous bits from a parallel busUS6675327Dec 13, 1999Jan 6, 2004Agere Systems Inc.Communications system including lower rate parallel electronics with skew compensation and associated methodsUS6678842Dec 13, 1999Jan 13, 2004Agere Systems Inc.Communications system and associated deskewing methodsUS6775302Dec 13, 1999Aug 10, 2004Agere Systems Inc.Communications system with symmetrical interfaces and associated methodsUS6909727Dec 13, 1999Jun 21, 2005Agere Systems Inc.Communications system and associated methods with out-of-band controlUS7486703Jul 27, 2004Feb 3, 2009Agere Systems Inc.Communications system with symmetrical interfaces and associated methodsUS7940808Dec 30, 2008May 10, 2011Agere Systems Inc.Communications system with symmetrical interfaces and associated methodsUS8719645Jan 2, 2013May 6, 2014International Business Machines CorporationRuntime dynamic performance skew eliminationUS8738975 *Apr 16, 2013May 27, 2014International Business Machines CorporationRuntime dynamic performance skew eliminationUS8750320Jan 21, 2003Jun 10, 2014Broadcom CorporationFibre channel arbitrated loop bufferless switch circuitry to increase bandwidth without significant increase in costUS8767756Nov 19, 2008Jul 1, 2014Broadcom CorporationFibre channel arbitrated loop bufferless switch circuitry to increase bandwidth without significant increase in costUS8774199Jan 21, 2003Jul 8, 2014Broadcom CorporationFibre channel arbitrated loop bufferless switch circuitry to increase bandwidth without significant increase in costUS8798091Apr 30, 2008Aug 5, 2014Broadcom CorporationFibre channel arbitrated loop bufferless switch circuitry to increase bandwidth without significant increase in costUSRE41787 *Jan 8, 2009Sep 28, 2010Yi-Lin LaiMethod and circuit for generating a tracking error signal using differential phase detectionWO1985000687A1 *Jul 5, 1984Feb 14, 1985Cyclotomics IncDigital time base correctionWO2000019639A1 *Sep 29, 1999Apr 6, 2000Qualcomm IncApparatus and method for sending common information on common data channels* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification714/700, 360/26, G9B/20.06International ClassificationG11B20/20Cooperative ClassificationG11B20/20European ClassificationG11B20/20RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google | [
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A Student's Guide to the Selected Poems of Ezra Pound book by Peter Brooker | 2 available editions | Alibris Books
Books Poetry American A Student's Guide to the Selected Poems of Ezra Pound
9780571110124
9780571110117
0571110126
13141247431
13502056800
13534504273
13386692410
0571110118
12000593704
13210164732
12123775694
Library sticker on spine. This book has hardback covers. Ex-library, With usual stamps and markings, In poor condition, suitable as a reading copy. No dust jacket.
10948371570
Good. No dust jacket as issued. Ex-library. 367 p. Audience: General/trade.
12862910552
Faber and Faber 1979. Small Spot on Fore Edge of Back Cover. Unless Listed in this decription, VG or Better.
12540576105
Very Good in Very Good jacket. Book A bright, tight copy. DJ is lightly uncut; lightly soiled & rubbed from handling; a small price sticker on inside front fold. Boards are firmly bound; pages slightly yellowing; print clear & sharp; no markings.
ISBN-13: 9780571110124
ISBN-13: 9780571110117
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The coronavirus crisis in Britain's prisons
As Britain faced an unprecedented lockdown, the situation for the 80,000 people in prison was even more stringent. David Adams was recently released from jail and describes how prisoners were confined to their tiny cells for more than 23 hours a day
Presented by Anushka Asthana with David Adams and Sarah Lewis; produced by Hannah Moore and Axel Kacoutié; executive producers Phil Maynard and Nicole Jackson
Sun 31 May 2020 22.00 EDT Last modified on Wed 1 Jul 2020 12.20 EDT
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Justice select committee told of damage being done to children during Covid-19 lockdown
Prison release schemes almost impossible to deliver, says watchdog | [
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Observation Deck: Pittsburgh Steelers342dScott BrownObservation Deck: Philadelphia Eagles342dTodd ArcherObservation Deck: Pittsburgh Steelers8/21/20140 SharesEmailComment
Author of five books, including "Heaven Sent: The Heather Miller Story," which highlights the friendship a young girl with cancer developed with several Steelers playersFollow on Twitter0 SharesEmailPrintCommentPHILADELPHA -- Steelers coach Mike Tomlin suddenly has a lot more to worry about than his top two running backs facing citations for marijuana possession.The Steelers' third preseason game turned out about as well as the infamous car ride that landed Le'Veon Bell and LeGarrette Blount in trouble and in unflattering headlines a day earlier.The Steelers struggled in every aspect Thursday night at Lincoln Financial Field, and they were dominated when it mattered most in a 31-21 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles.The Eagles, crisper and more physical than their in-state rivals, raced to a 17-0 halftime lead when starters from both teams were in the game, and it could have been worse for the Steelers.Philadelphia quarterback Nick Foles just missed on a few throws that would have netted big gains, but he still completed 19 of 29 passes for 179 yards and a touchdown before calling it a night.Ben Roethlisberger played two series in the second half, and he salvaged something from an otherwise forgettable night by leading a six-play, 79-yard touchdown drive in the third quarter.Roethlisberger, who struggled with his accuracy and threw a bad interception in the first half, capped the drive with a 27-yard touchdown pass to tight end Heath Miller.That march wasn't nearly enough to offset the ineptitude that the Steelers showed at times in all three phases of the game.Some other thoughts from the Steelers' third preseason game:Blount's play, ironically enough, was among the few positives that the Steelers could take away from the thorough beating they received from the Eagles. Blount, who alternated with Bell, rushed for 32 yards on seven carries and showed the nifty footwork that is unique for such a big back. Bell started the game and Blount also played on the first series.If the preseason is any indication, the Steelers still haven't fixed a run defense that yielded 115.6 rushing yards per game last season. The Eagles repeatedly gashed the Steelers in the running game even though LeSean McCoy played just two series because of a thumb injury. The Eagles have one of the best offensive lines in the NFL, but Tomlin won't be happy with how they pushed around the Steelers. Defensive end Brett Keisel, who re-signed with the Steelers on Wednesday but didn't play against the Eagles, should help the defensive line. Improvement must be made across the board.Wide receiver Justin Brown has faded and his hold on a roster spot should be tenuous after he failed to catch a pass despite getting extended work with the first-team offense as the No. 3 wide receiver. Brown, playing in place of Lance Moore, drew Roethlisberger's ire early when he ran a comeback route and had a pass sail over his head. The 2013 sixth-round pick was later flagged for offensive holding. In three preseason games Brown has three catches for 15 yards. Darrius Heyward-Bey, meanwhile, caught a 33-yard touchdown pass in the fourth quarter.The Steelers didn't sustain a lot of injuries, but the two that were announced are worth watching. Linebacker Sean Spence left the game in the third quarter with a right knee injury and outside linebacker Jason Worilds didn't play again after hurting his right knee in the same quarter. Worilds may have been the Steelers' best defensive player before getting hurt. Of course that's not saying much considering that the Steelers gave up just under 500 yards of total offense.There has to be some concern over Shaun Suisham, who has already missed two field goals in the preseason, the same number he missed all of last season. The 10th-year veteran has also missed a 33-yard extra point in preseason play. | [
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The Portable Romantic Poets: Romantic Poets: Blake to Poe by W. H. Auden | Paperback | Barnes & Noble
The Portable Romantic Poets: Romantic Poets: Blake to Poe by
W. H. Auden (Editor),
Norman Holmes Pearson (Editor)
Overview This volume, edited and with a superb introduction by W.H. Auden and Norman Holmes Pearson, presents the greatest of the Romantics in all the fullness and ardor of their vision, including William Blake, Robert Burns, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Edgar Allan Poe. What emerges is a panoramic view of a generation of artists struggling to remake the world in their own ...
Great Poets of the Romantic AgeBlake
Portable Library Series Edition description: ReprintPages: 576Sales rank: 299,787Product dimensions: 5.13 (w) x 7.75 (h) x 1.25 (d)
The Portable Romantic Poets Introduction General Principles A Calendar of British and American Poetry | [
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A League of Their Own by Penny Marshall |Geena Davis, Tom Hanks, Lori Petty | 43396512238 | VHS | Barnes & Noble
Penny MarshallCast:
Geena Davis, Tom Hanks, Lori Petty
The All-American Girls' Professional Baseball League was founded in 1943, when most of the men of baseball-playing age were far away in Europe and Asia fighting World War II. The league flourished until after World War II, when, with the men's return, the league was consigned to oblivion. Director Penny Marshall and screenwriters Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel
A League of Their Own available in
The All-American Girls' Professional Baseball League was founded in 1943, when most of the men of baseball-playing age were far away in Europe and Asia fighting World War II. The league flourished until after World War II, when, with the men's return, the league was consigned to oblivion. Director Penny Marshall and screenwriters Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel re-create the wartime era when women's baseball looked to stand a good chance of sweeping the country. The story begins as a candy-bar tycoon enlists agents to scour the country to find women who could play ball. In the backwoods of Oregon, two sisters -- Dottie (Geena Davis) and Kit (Lori Petty) -- are discovered. Dottie can hit and catch, while Kit can throw a mean fastball. The girls come to Chicago to try out for the team with other prospects that include their soon-to-be-teammates Mae Mordabito (Madonna), Doris Murphy (Rosie O'Donnell), and Marla Hooch (Megan Cavanagh). The team's owner, Walter Harvey (Gary Marshall) needs someone to coach his team and he picks one-time home-run champion Jimmy Dugan (Tom Hanks), who is now a broken-down alcoholic. After a few weeks of training, as Dugan sobers up, the team begins to show some promise. By the end of the season, the team has improved to the point where they are competing in the World Series (which is no big deal, since there are only four teams in the league).
Too sentimental by half, and at the same time completely disarming entertainment, Penny Marshall's film scores points for drawing attention to a chapter of sports history many people didn't even know existed. The baseball scenes are remarkably authentic-looking, and the production design is just right, without drawing too much unnecessary attention. Marshall has assembled a top-flight cast as well, with Geena Davis and Tom Hanks adding unlimited charisma to their wonderfully comic performances. The first hour is genuinely superb, briskly paced and filled with humorous vignettes. The second hour succumbs to syrupy bonding and overstates its emotions, but the film retains its good nature -- difficult to pass up as a worthy Hollywood confection. The film was a huge summer hit, and paid off with its casting of Davis, who stepped in after Debra Winger reportedly turned down the role (rumor has it she was turned off by the casting of Madonna in a supporting role). A failed TV series followed shortly after, but didn't create nearly as much buzz.
Lots of laughs, lots of heart and very little sermonizing.
The movie has a real bittersweet charm.
06/24/1994
0043396512238
Mae Mordabito
Ernie Capadino
Bob Hinson
Ira Lowenstein
Walter Harvey
Marla Hooch
Renee Coleman
Alice Gaspers
Betty Horn
Evelyn Gardner
Freddie Simpson
Ellen Sue Gotlander
Pauline Brailsford
Miss Cuthbert
Justin Scheller
Dave Hooch
Older Dottie
Douglas Blakeslee
1st Doris Fan
Dolores "Pickles" Dries
Lady in Bleachers
Shelly Adlard
Vickie Buse
Shelly Niemeyer
KC Carr
Wantland L. Sandel
Lita Scmitt
Tonya Gilles Koch
2nd Doris Fan
Neezer Tarleton
Neezer Dalton
Kirsten Gretick
Stacey Gustaferro
Patricia J. Wilson
Older Marla
"Beans" Babbitt
Patti Pelton
Marbleann Wilkenson
Kelli Simpkins
Connie Pounds-Taylor
Connie Calhoun
"Mumbles" Brockman
Sharon Szmidt
Vivian Ernst
Empathetic Umpire
Racine Coach Charlie
Racine Pitcher
Brenda Ferrari
Racine 1B
Laurel Cronin
Maida Gilespie
Western Union Man
Newsreel Announcer
Blair Baron
Brian Boru Gleeson
Dollbody Kid
Charm School Instructor
Charm School Assistant
Brian Flannery
1st Autograph Kid
Stephen Feagley
2nd Autograph Kid
Ma Keller
Mae's Guy in Bar
Kit's Date in Bar
Joette Hodgen
Older Kit
Older Mae
Vera Johnson
Older Doris
Older Stilwell
Barbara Erwin
Older Shirley
Older Betty
Eugenia McLin
Older Elle Sue
Barbara Pilavin Gelber
Older Helen
Marvin Einhorn
Older Ira
Shirley Burkovich
Older Alice
Additional Player
Mitch Swaley
Director,Executive Producer
Cynthia Flynt
Tim Galvin
Les Lazarowitz
Miroslav Ondrícek
Michael Yada
A League of Their Own 4.4 out of 5 based on 0 ratings.
This movie hits every emotional level. It's an amazing movie based on a true story about the Girls Baseball League and the trying times of World War II. This movie is absolutely wonderful and one of my all-time favorites...I highly recommend it.
This movie rates in my heart as one of the most entertaining films to come along in the last 20 years. Take a ''dream team'' cast of Tom Hanks, Geena Davis, Rosie O'Donnell, Jon Lovitz, and music superstar Madonna, a brilliant script, solid cinematography, and Voila! You get ''League Of Their Own.'' This is a movie that the whole family can enjoy, even people who maybe arent big baseball buffs, or big Maddona fans for that matter. I do have to say that Madonna is terrific in this movie, I think her performance is just as solid as Hanks and Davis. My ONLY gripe with this movie is actually with the motion picture soundtrack. One of the best songs in the film was Madonna's ''This Used to be my Playground,'' which was played during the closing credits, yet it did not appear on the soundtrack. This is probably due to label lawyers who are experts at taking the fun out of everything. But as far as the movie itself goes, it is simply brilliant.
I love to play softball. This movie is the history of softball. It is so cool how they recuited girls to play. I believe that it always helps to know about softball because most people think that girls cannt do anything. Well I hate those people girls were playing softball great. I dont know how I would live wothout this book. It's history and intersting.
When I first heard of this movie I thought it would not be worth my time(maybe as you are thinking now) After my sister made me watch it I found myself laughing time and time again. It is an amazing film and I know you will enjoy it too. Plus you can watch it with your family, they will love it too. Two Thumbs way up!
I saw this movie when it came out and I just loved it. Everyone in it was just wonderful. And Penny Marshall couldn't have given Madonna a better role to play. It suits her perfectly! Years after I saw this movie, I did a research paper for school about women's baseball and I was amazed at how accurate this movie really is.
A League of their own was the best movie i have ever seen. It was so touching,and inspiring. I felt so sad at the end when one of their players of Peaches died. It was funny too.
I first saw this movie when I was in like 5th grade. I was able to enjoy it at that very day and age for me it was a really big treat.
This movie rocked & I loved the fact that it clicked in to a whole new change where women were seen as just house wives until a bunch of men decided to cash in on female baseball players and it turns out rather then kicking them all out after the men come back home they chose to let them stay and creat the world's first female baseball league! This proves that every1's equal! Loved it!
This was one of my favorite baseball movies of all time along with Rookie of the Year , The Sandlot , Bad News Bears and now A League of their Own. I've been waiting a long time to own it. I first saw it on the hbo channel back in the summer of 2000 and six years later I recently bought the dvd. It was the !st edition witch simply missing alot of things.
This movie is EXCELLENT I love it! Penny Marshall did a great job of telling the story - based on truth - of the women's baseball league that most people had never heard about. My mom was one of the first 4 women to sign up for the league (there is a photo of them in the baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York). When I was a little girl in Maryland I told kids my mom played baseball professionally & they didn't believe me. In 1991 When Mom & I heard Madonna was signed up to act in it we were worried but Madonna's part turned out to be perfect. I remember Mom hearing Penny Marshall saying that lots of the acting was ad-lib but she wanted to keep the PG rating & Madonna doesn't get PG ratings by ad-libbing so a lot of Madonna's ad-libbing ended up being cut. During the filming, my mom went up to bat and the outfielders knew she was one of the first players so they all moved in as if she wouldn't hit very far. She was 69 years old at the time. When she slammed the first pitch the outfielders all moved back out. When she really slammed the next pitch the ball hit the movie cameras and Penny Marshall said, "Claire, don't break the equipment!" I was an extra in the film for 3 days but even if you know where to watch for me and you blink, sneeze or leave before every single credit rolls up at the end, you'll miss me. Bringing all those former players together for the film was tremendous service to those women and I am proud of & grateful to Penny Marshall for creating this movie.
Hanks stars as Jimmy Dugan, a washed up ballplayer who's big league days are over. Hired to coach in the All-American Girls Baseball league of 1943-while the male pros are at war-Dugan finds himself drawn back into the game by the heart and heroics of his "all-girl" team. Teammates Madonna, Lori Petty and Rosie O'Donnell round out the roster, taking the team to the World Series. Based on the true storu of the pioneering women who blazed the trail -- on the fields and off -- for generations of athletes, A LEAGUE OF THEIR OWN is "a home run!" Great for the whole family for seeing a baseball movie
This is a pretty good film with some memorable moments like a famous quote said by Tom Hanks. This is the story of two sisters that join a baseball team. Great performances by the cast and the ending was sweet. Recommend seeing the film. | [
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Attracting economic growth for the rural economy : hearing before the Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, Washington, DC, September 4, 2003. (eBook, 2003) [WorldCat.org]
I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/866878797 Title: Attracting economic growth for the rural economy : hearing before the Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, Washington, DC, September 4, 2003. Publisher: Washington : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 2003. OCLC:866878797
Attracting economic growth for the rural economy.
(DLC) 2004398879
(OCoLC)55471042
866878797
Shipping list no.: 2004-0167-P.
1 online resource (iii, 111 pages) : illustrations
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Patent US5613445 - Locomotive - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsAn industrial railroad locomotive includes a chassis with wheel sets supporting the locomotive for movement along the rails. A suspension system for each respective wheel set includes torque bars extending transversely of said chassis. Links secured to the ends of the torque bars and pivotally connected...http://www.google.com/patents/US5613445?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5613445 - LocomotiveAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5613445 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/467,186Publication dateMar 25, 1997Filing dateJun 6, 1995Priority dateJun 6, 1995Fee statusLapsedPublication number08467186, 467186, US 5613445 A, US 5613445A, US-A-5613445, US5613445 A, US5613445AInventorsDennis E. RismillerOriginal AssigneePlymouth Locomotive International, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (5), Referenced by (2), Classifications (9), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetLocomotiveUS 5613445 AAbstract An industrial railroad locomotive includes a chassis with wheel sets supporting the locomotive for movement along the rails. A suspension system for each respective wheel set includes torque bars extending transversely of said chassis. Links secured to the ends of the torque bars and pivotally connected to brackets on each side of the respective wheel set are operative to urge the wheel set downwardly with respect to the locomotive chassis to maintain each wheel of the set in contact with the respective rail while permitting side-to-side canting of the wheel set with respect to the chassis in a generally vertical plane. Spring snubbers at each side of a wheel set are positioned between the wheel set brackets and chassis frame supporting the weight of the locomotive on the respective wheel set, while permitting such side-to-side canting. The spring snubbers include a ball and socket interface between the wheel set and springs mounted on the chassis frame.
What is claimed is: 1. A railroad locomotive comprising a chassis frame, wheel sets supporting said locomotive for movement along the rails, a suspension system for each respective wheel set comprising at least one torque bar means extending transversely of said frame, links secured to the ends of the torque bar means and pivotally connected to each side of the respective wheel set and operative to urge the end of the wheel set downwardly with respect to the locomotive frame to maintain each wheel of the set in contact with the respective rail while permitting side-to-side canting of the wheel set with respect to the frame in a generally vertical plane, and spring snubbers at each side of a wheel set between the wheel set and frame supporting the weight of the locomotive on the respective wheel set.
2. A locomotive as set forth in claim 1 including an L-shape bracket on each wheel set including a vertical leg, two torque bar means in said chassis frame, and parallel links connecting each torque bar means to a vertical leg of said bracket.
3. A locomotive as set forth in claim 1 wherein said links are connected to said wheel set with a spherical bearing to permit such side-to-side canting.
4. A locomotive as set forth in claim 1 including a snubber spring assembly on each side of the wheel set, and a ball and socket engagement between the assembly and wheel set.
5. A locomotive as set forth in claim 1 including paired snubber spring assemblies on each side of the frame above the wheel set, and a ball and socket contact connection between the wheel set and each spring assembly.
6. A locomotive as set forth in claim 1 wherein said wheel set is drive shaft driven at the substantial center thereof, and brackets on each side of said center, said links connecting said brackets to said torque bar means.
7. A locomotive as set forth in claim 1 including two torque bar means for each wheel set, brackets on said wheel sets, and links connecting the ends of each torque bar means and said brackets.
8. A locomotive as set forth in claim 1 including link brackets on said wheel sets, pivotally connected to said links, and said spring snubbers being positioned between said brackets and frame.
9. A locomotive as set forth in claim 8 wherein said brackets are L-shape and include a vertical and horizontal leg, said links extending horizontally between said frame and vertical leg, and said springs extending vertically between said horizontal leg and frame.
10. A locomotive comprising a main chassis frame, wheel sets spaced along said chassis frame for supporting said locomotive for movement along the rails, a suspension system for each respective wheel set comprising, at least one torque bar means extending transversly of said frame, link means extending generally horizontally between each side of a wheel set and the chassis frame to position and connect the wheel set with respect to the frame while permitting angular rocking movement of the wheel set in a generally vertical plane substantially about its center, and snubber springs at each side of the chassis frame above a wheel set supporting the weight of the locomotive on the respective wheel set.
11. A locomotive as set forth in claim 10 including an L-shape bracket secured to each side of a wheel set, each bracket including a vertical leg and horizontal arm, said snubber springs extending between said horizontal arm and chassis frame, while said link means extends between said vertical leg and chassis frame.
12. A locomotive as set forth in claim 11 including two torque bars for each wheel set, and parallel links extending between the ends of each torque bar and said vertical leg.
13. A locomotive as set forth in claim 12 including spherical bearings connecting said links to said brackets.
14. A locomotive as set forth in claim 12 including a ball and socket connection between said chassis frame and horizontal arm at said snubber springs.
15. A locomotive as set forth in claim 14 wherein the ball portion of the connection is on the bracket and the socket portion is spring loaded on said chassis frame.
16. A locomotive as set forth in claim 15 including housings for said spring snubbers on said chassis frame above the respective wheel set, said housings containing springs urging said sockets downwardly.
17. A locomotive as set forth in claim 16 wherein said springs comprise bonded metal and elastomer bushings.
18. A locomotive as set forth in claim 16 wherein said springs comprise metal coil springs.
19. A locomotive as set forth in claim 16 including means to lubricate the ball and socket connection.
20. A locomotive as set forth in claim 16 wherein said wheel set is drive shaft driven at the substantial center thereof.
21. A locomotive as set forth in claim 20 wherein said locomotive includes only two wheel sets, each driven from a transmission between said wheel sets.
DISCLOSURE This invention relates generally as indicated to a locomotive, and more particularly to a suspension system for an industrial locomotive.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Industrial locomotives are usually much smaller than road locomotives widely used on Class I or shortline railroads. Such industrial locomotives are used for switching or shunting cars at industrial sites. They are also widely used to haul bulk materials in quarries, mines or even tunnels under construction. The track for such locomotives may be narrow gauge, and in many instances temporary. All too frequently the track is substandard and has considerably less than an ideal geometry. Moreover, the track is often built in less than ideal space and environmental conditions. Derailments are frequent and rerailments difficult. Some of the track may even be made of wooden rails.
The suspension of the locomotive wheel sets for very rough trackage creates special problems, particularly if the required wheel adhesion or tractive or braking effort is to be maintained. The problem is particularly acute in a direct drive locomotive where the wheel set may include a housing, differential, and a drive shaft connected to the differential. It is important that both wheels of the set engage the rail with enough force to prevent wheel slip, and also be afforded a relatively wide range of canting movement or rocking in a vertical plane such as might be caused when one rail is lower than the other, or such rails are out of transverse gauge or alignment. In a direct drive locomotive, it is desirable that the canting of the wheel set be as nearly as possible about the drive shaft connection or the lateral center of the wheel set. This is particularly important in a direct drive locomotive where both the driving and braking forces are transmitted from the locomotive chassis.
Since the weight of half of the locomotive may be carried by a wheel set, the spring system between the wheel set and the frame should permit such extreme canting and be positioned in each side of the wheel set so that only the spring system on one side may support substantially the entire weight of one-half of the locomotive, with the other side literally lifting off its seat between the frame and wheel set. While this accommodation of such rather wide ranging movement of the wheel set for rough trackage is important, it is also important that the spring or snubber system taking a substantial portion of the weight of the locomotive permit this motion while transferring the weight of the locomotive to the rails to maintain wheel adhesion and tractive effort for both driving and braking forces. Accordingly, the spring snubber system, in addition to being properly located, should also have the capacity and range of movement to accommodate the conditions noted above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The industrial railroad locomotive of the present invention includes at least one wheel set at each end of the locomotive, and the suspension system for each wheel set includes two components. The first component is a torque bar suspension which may include two vertically spaced torque bars for each wheel set with generally horizontal parallel links connecting the torque bar ends to the vertical leg of an L-shape bracket attached on each side of the respective wheel set. The links are connected to the brackets with spherical bearings. The torque bar and link system takes some of the weight of the locomotive urging the wheels of the set into contact with the rails and also maintains the wheel set properly connected to the frame or chassis while permitting rather sever canting movement in a transverse horizontal plane. As substantial portion of the weight of the locomotive is absorbed by spring snubber sets positioned between the top of the L-shape brackets and the underside of the frame. The preferred spring system uses stacked bonded elastomeric sleeves although coil springs or other type springs may be employed.
The springs are inserted in a housing on the underside of the frame and urge a hardened spherical seat or socket downwardly. The seat engages a ball mounted on the bracket top above the wheel set. The interface between the ball and socket may be lubricated and the entire assembly is enclosed in a boot. The assemblies are paired on each side of and are symmetrical about the center of the wheel set. The spring snubber assemblies are effective to dampen vertical shocks limiting overall vertical movement of the wheel set with respect to the frame, and yet permit rather wide canting in a vertical plane. The suspension system is particularly suitable for a direct drive locomotive where the wheel set includes a differential and housing to which the L-shape brackets are secured and which includes a drive shaft extending generally horizontally from the frame to the center of the wheel set. The ball and socket mechanism permits the required degree of freedom for rough track while in combination with the parallelogram mechanism maintains the ability to transmit both driving and braking forces to the chassis through the torque bars. The parallelogram mechanism maintains the alignment of the ball and socket even with wide ranging movement. It is also easy to service and replace components for field repairs and servicing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a side elevation of an industrial locomotive in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged elevation of the suspension system taken parallel to the axis of the wheel set;
FIG. 3 is a vertical section taken substantially from the line 3--3 of FIG. 2 showing the torque bar linkage and the spring snubbers;
FIG. 4 is a view like FIG. 2 showing the wheel set canted;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged section of the preferred spring snubber assembly; and
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary section like FIG. 3 of another form of spring.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring initially to FIG. 1, there is illustrated an industrial locomotive in accordance with the present invention. The locomotive is shown generally at 10, and it will be appreciated that the illustrated embodiment is in the form of a low profile mine locomotive. The locomotive includes a frame or chassis 12, couplers 13 and 14 at each end, and a driver's compartment shown generally at 15. As illustrated, the driver sits on the seat 16 facing the viewer and also his control console shown generally at 17. The locomotive is supported by two spaced wheel sets shown generally at 20 and 21. The locomotive is powered by an internal combustion engine shown generally at 23 which drives transmission 25 between the wheel sets through drive train 26 which passes over the wheel set 20. From the transmission 25, drive shafts 28 and 29 extend horizontally to the approximate centers of the wheel sets 20 and 21, respectively. The drive shafts are connected to differentials in the approximate center of each wheel set. Each wheel set is suspended by the parallelogram linkage shown generally at 30 and 31 which extends horizontally from the frame or chassis on opposite sides of the respective drive shafts. Driving forces are transmitted through the drive shafts, while hydraulic disc brakes are located inboard of each wheel as seen at 32 and 33. The wheel sets are supported by the suspension system hereinafter described in detail.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, it will be seen that the wheel set 21 comprises a housing 34 which is enlarged at the center as indicated at 35 to accommodate the differential but which reduces to the configuration seen more clearly at 36 in FIG. 3 housing the shaft 37 which extend from the differential to the driven wheel 38. A similar shaft extends oppositely from the differential to the driven wheel 39 and both such wheels ride on the rails 40 and 41, respectively, as seen more clearly in FIGS. 2 and 4.
Positioned fairly closely to the differential enlargement and symmetrically on each side thereof, the housing 34 includes lateral enlargements or saddles seen at 43 and 44. To the saddles are secured the upper horizontal arms 45 and 46 of L-shape brackets 47 and 48. The brackets are secured to the housing by the fasteners indicated at 49. The vertical leg of each bracket shown generally at 52 in FIG. 3 is actually two side-by-side legs as seen at 53 and 54 in FIG. 2. Pivoted between such side-by-side legs are two parallel links 55 and 56. The pivots between the links and brackets shown at 58 and 59 include spherical bearings 60 and 61 for such links. This accommodates the canting movement hereinafter described and illustrated in FIG. 4. The generally horizontal links 55 and 56 are also secured to the ends of torque bars 63 and 64 mounted in the frame 12. The torque bars urge the pivots in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 3 urging the wheel set downwardly with respect to the frame 12 and wheels 38 and 39 into engagement with the rails 40 and 41, respectively.
Secured to the top of such L-shape brackets and bridging such brackets is a plate 68. The plate 68 on each side of the wheel set slightly outboard of the bracket has secured thereto a pair of half-balls seen at 70 and 71 in FIG. 3. The half-balls are secured to the top of the plate by the fasteners indicated at 72 and the half-ball of each pair is aligned fore and aft of the locomotive. The balls are designed to meet with and engage ball sockets 74 and 75 which move vertically in tubular housings 76 and 77 secured to the underside of frame or chassis 12 by fasteners 78. A grease pipe is threaded into the top of each ball socket as indicated at 80 and 81. Each grease pipe is provided with a grease fitting seen at 82 and 83 permitting the interface between the hardened ball and socket to be lubricated. Each grease pipe includes a nut seen at 84 which limits downward movement of the ball socket by engaging the edge of the restrictive hole 85 in the top wall 86 of the housing. Positioned above the ball sockets are bonded spring bushings shown generally at 86 and 87, and in more detail in FIG. 5.
Referring now to FIG. 5, it will be seen that there are actually two bonded spring bushings in each spring snubber assembly as shown generally at 88 and 89. Each set includes three metal sleeves seen at 90, 91 and 92 which are progressively axially offset with the inner sleeve being significantly offset from the outer sleeve. Between such sleeves are two concentric bonded rings of elastomer seen at 93 and 94 which bond the three rings together as a unit. Under axial load, the rings try to line up but this is resisted by the elastomeric material. Such units stacked as indicated make excellent spring snubbers for the illustrated suspension system.
It is noted that each individual assembly may be enclosed in a boot shown at 96 secured at top and bottom by the hose clamps 97 and 98 to the housing 77 and half-ball base plate, respectively.
In FIG. 6, there is illustrated a slightly modified spring snubber assembly utilizing in each housing 76 and 77 a heavy duty coil spring shown generally at 102. The interior of the ball socket 103 has been modified and simplified to receive the coil spring which extends from the plate 86 to the interior of the ball socket. Although the bonded spring bushing embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 5 is preferred, other forms of springs such as the illustrated coil spring of FIG. 6 may be employed.
Referring now to FIG. 4, it will be seen that the suspension system of the present invention permits a large degree of canting or angular movement of the wheel set in a vertical plane extending transversely of the rails. In FIG. 4, the spring snubber set on the right-hand side has actually moved to provide a significant separation between the ball and socket and literally all of the weight of one-half of the locomotive may be absorbed by the opposite spring snubber set. In any event, considerable rocking or canting movement is permitted with both wheels still engaging the uneven rails. This flexibility of the wheel set is primarily about the center of the differential with little movement from the center. It is noted that the spherical bearings and the spacing of the vertical components of the L-shape bracket readily permit such canting movement while maintaining the wheel set off the ground and on the rail with good adhesion. The parallel links in the system maintain and return the wheel set axle to the same relative axis of half-ball and socket.
It is also noted that the suspension system of the invention is easy to maintain and to repair, or to replace broken or worn springs. With the boot removed and sufficient clearance between the ball and socket, the socket can be removed simply by removing the nut 84. This provides access to the interior of the housing 77. If necessary, the half-balls can also quickly be removed and/or replaced.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4166611 *Aug 18, 1977Sep 4, 1979Waggonfabrik Uerdingen A.G. Werk DusseldorfRailway vehicle spring assemblyUS4323710 *Nov 3, 1980Apr 6, 1982Gaf CorporationA nonaqueous solvent of polyoxyethylene glycol or its alkylated derivativesUS4421339 *Jul 27, 1981Dec 20, 1983M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nurnberg AktiengesellschaftArticulated vehicle, particularly a busUS4527487 *Jun 18, 1982Jul 9, 1985Creusot-LoireSuspension and coupling device between a bogie frame and an axle boxUS4787318 *Feb 13, 1987Nov 29, 1988Schweizerische Lokomotiv-Und MaschinenfabrikTraction bogie for a rail vehicle* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6874426 *Feb 3, 2003Apr 5, 2005National Steel Car LimitedRail road car truck with bearing adapter and methodWO2014024315A1 *Aug 10, 2012Feb 13, 2014Hitachi, Ltd.Bogie for railway vehicle* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification105/224.1, 105/453, 105/218.2International ClassificationB61F5/30, B61F5/32Cooperative ClassificationB61F5/305, B61F5/325European ClassificationB61F5/30B, B61F5/32BLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 24, 2005FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20050325Mar 25, 2005LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesOct 14, 2004REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedDec 8, 2000SULPSurcharge for late paymentDec 8, 2000FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Oct 17, 2000REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedJun 6, 1995ASAssignmentOwner name: PLYMOUTH LOCOMOTIVE INTERNATIONAL, INC., OHIOFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:RISMILLER, DENNIS E.;REEL/FRAME:007533/0117Effective date: 19950601RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google | [
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P. 1pontrenpontrenRatings: (0)|Views: 92
|Likes: 1Published by Anto RubiMore info:Published by: Anto Rubi on Oct 19, 2011Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.download as PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee moreSee lesshttp://www.scribd.com/doc/69404157/pontren04/26/2013pdftextoriginal You're Reading a Free Preview
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Not Authentic - Review of Bangkok Star, Port Huron, MI - TripAdvisor
Not Authentic - Bangkok Star
Review of Bangkok Star
Ranked #30 of 90 Restaurants in Port Huron
Nice owners, nice atmosphere, but for someone who loves Thai, and who has eaten Thai all over the world including Thailand I would have to say this is the worst Thai I have ever had. More like Chinese food with spice in it. Tried a couple different entres off their menu over the last two years and the only one I liked was a sidedish of spring rolls. They do have a very good sweet and sour sauce.
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There are newer reviews for Bangkok Star
All reviews thai food food is excellent gang gai take away thais spicy order vegetables
While the atmosphere at this place is pretty simple, the food is delicious and the price is right! It's a great place to pick up take away or pop in for a quick meal. Red Curry Chicken is my favourite, but the Pad Thai is also great!
Ask Carrubbistan about Bangkok Star
Excellent, authentic Thai food!
The best Thai I have had by far. A simple place, easy to park, easy to access, great service, at very fair prices. It will definitely be a regular stop when I am in Port Huron!
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muffin663
This is one of my favorite restaurants. The decor is plain but the food is fantastic. When I post a food night out with my coworkers, this is the restaurant overwhelmingly voted for. Never a disappointment!
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My favorite in Port Huron
Thai food is my favorite so this little gem is a must when I visit my sister in Michigan. We always have a lunch here - the food can't be equaled for quality, portions and taste. The prices are nice and low for what you get and my hope is this restaurant lasts forever.
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Perl Range String ID - Stack Overflow
So I have an ID range for pages in a document that I need to loop to compare values. My problem is the ID's are strings and not number so when I try and loop the range with Perl it doesn't work. Here is an example of my range loop, and an example of my data.
foreach($begID..$endID){
A data example would be $begID = ABC-ABC-00001;
$endID = ABC-ABC-00100;
My problem is I cannot loop these values. I know I could split the data based on the "-" and get the 00001 and 00100 values, but the problem with that is the data can vary on different files I am working with. Is there any other way that someone could suggest to go about this?
Until I can post my own answer (in another 7 hours due to being under 100 rep) here is what I came up with:
Okay here is what I did as a solution. I can regex out the numbers starting from the end until it hits an alpha character. ($start) = $begID =~ m/(\d+)$/;
($end) = $endID =~ m/(\d+)$/;
Then create the loop from there.
string perl ranges share|improve this question edited Mar 2 '12 at 15:35
asked Mar 2 '12 at 15:02
can you provide more example inputs? Are the letters always in range (A-C)? Do they also increase in the loop?
Here is some more examples as provided below: ABC-001 ABC001. That ABC could be anything, and even possibly contain numbers, like AB123AC123-0001. And no the letters should not increase when I loop the values.
It could even be ABC1231AB001 for example.
@NathanStanfordII Please do not add important information in comments. Use the edit button above and add it to your question. And please use formatting to make your examples distinct from each other, and do not use words like "anything", unless you actually mean "anything", because "anything" includes whitespace, backslash, \0, various UTF characters, or weirder.
@TLP ok sorry for the confusion. What I should have said is ABC could be any alphanumeric character. Also, thanks for the tip on updating my question. Still a newbie here and not sure how everything should be done. Sorry :/
"data can vary" how?
If by having a fixed string prefix + the number, you can split off the prefix:
my ($prefix, $start) = ($begID =~ /^(\D+)(\d+)$/;
my ($prefix2, $end) = ($endID =~ /^(\D+)(\d+)$/;
die "Prefixes don't match" unless prefix eq $prefix2;
foreach my $index ($start .. $end) {
my $id = "prefix$index";
Data can vary as the prefix could sometimes contain ABC-ABC-0001 or it could contain ABC-001 or even ABC001. the good thing is the begID and the endID should always be the same prefix.
After looking at your answer closer I realized I was doing the same thing in the answer I was going to provide. Thanks again!
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View Comments Share this page Share this with Digg Facebook Google LinkedIn Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter Copy this link http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/19862043 Read more about sharing. Find out more BBC F1 coverage details Read more on BBC F1 coverage details Formula 1 blog Read more on Formula 1 blog Formula 1 Read more on Formula 1 FIA Read more on FIA Five Live Formula 1 Read more on Five Live Formula 1 Top Stories Australian Open: Konta breaks in second set Live From the section Tennis Read more on Australian Open: Konta breaks in second set Bottas 'faces challenge of his life' at Mercedes 16 Jan From the section Formula 1 Read more on Bottas 'faces challenge of his life' at Mercedes Watch: Masters Snooker Extra Live Read more on Watch: Masters Snooker Extra Related to this story Vettel wins as Alonso taken out 7 Oct 2012 From the section Formula 1 Read more on Japanese GP: Sebastian Vettel wins as Fernando Alonso retires Grosjean has 'learned his lesson' 10 Sep 2012 From the section Formula 1 Read more on Romain Grosjean has 'learned his lesson' - Boullier Grosjean banned over Spa GP crash 2 Sep 2012 From the section Formula 1 Read more on Belgian Grand Prix crash: Romain Grosjean banned for one race Japanese GP as it happened 7 Oct 2012 From the section Formula 1 Read more on Japanese GP as it happened Grosjean's opening lap crashes 6 Sep 2012 From the section Formula 1 Read more on Romain Grosjean's first-lap crashes in 2012 F1 season Grosjean ban lenient - Kobayashi 6 Sep 2012 From the section Formula 1 Read more on Romain Grosjean's one race ban too lenient says Kamui Kobayashi Get Inspired Activity Finder Run by the BBC and partners Find ways to get active near you: Enter your town, city or postcode: Search Mon 16 Jan Parent and Child Gymnastics Mon 16 Jan Postnatal Activity Classes For more ideas, information and inspiration, visit bbc.co.uk/getinspired Back to top Formula 1 Results Standings Race Calendar Gossip Teams Drivers Formula 1 Home News Feeds Help & FAQs Explore the BBC News News Sport Weather Shop Earth Travel Capital iPlayer Culture Autos Future TV Radio CBBC CBeebies Food iWonder Bitesize Travel Music Earth Arts Make It Digital Taster Nature Local Terms of Use About the BBC Privacy Policy Cookies Accessibility Help Parental Guidance Contact the BBC Advertise with us Ad choices Copyright © 2017 BBC. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Read about our approach to external linking. | [
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Ross Mackenzie Books New, Rare & Used Books - Alibris
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Haskin Fred Dvm in Wilton, CA with Reviews - YP.com
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Body mass index (BMI) and risk of noncardiac postoperative medical complications in elderly hip fracture patients: a population-based study. - PubMed - NCBI
1 selected item: 19824100
J Hosp Med. 2009 Oct;4(8):E1-9. doi: 10.1002/jhm.527.
Batsis JA1, Huddleston JM, Melton LJ 3rd, Huddleston PM, Larson DR, Gullerud RE, McMahon MM.
Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03755, USA. John.batsis@gmail.com
PMC2780331
Rate of non-cardiac complications by BMI category. Unadjusted proportions of the number of patients in each category having a given complication are represented in the data table accompanying the figure (as defined in the Methods section).
J Hosp Med. ;4(8):E1-E9.
RD1-AR30582/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States | [
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Amazon.com: Polk Audio Atrium 6 Speakers (Pair, White): Home Audio & Theater
Polk Audio Atrium 6 Speak... has been added to your Cart
4-Year Protection for $10.02
8 new from $198.98 4 used from $144.99
This item:Polk Audio Atrium 6 Speakers (Pair, White) $199.99
Sonos CONNECT:AMP Wireless Amplifier for Streaming Music. Works with Alexa. $498.98
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This item Polk Audio Atrium 6 Speakers (Pair, White)
4 out of 5 stars (167) 4 out of 5 stars (146) 4 out of 5 stars (929) 4 out of 5 stars (241) 4 out of 5 stars (57) 4 out of 5 stars (138)
$199.99$199.99 $148.60$148.60 $99.00$99.00 $179.00$179.00 $149.96$149.96 $359.00$359.00
Amazon.com Electronics Expo Electronics Expo avSoundz Electronics Expo avSoundz
7.75 x 8.75 x 11.75 in 6.75 x 7.75 x 10.25 in 6.25 x 7.5 x 9.5 in 8.88 x 14.44 x 9.25 in 12.88 x 9.19 x 8.5 in 9.5 x 11 x 15 in
5.4 lbs 4.6 lbs 3.5 lbs 9.87 lbs 9.7 lbs 9 lbs
— — — Wall-mount Speaker Portable; Wall-Mount
Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor Outdoor; Wall-Mount; Surround Outdoor Outdoor; Surround; Portable; Wall-Mount
B00378KMG4
#7,077 in Electronics (See Top 100 in Electronics)
#30 in Electronics > Home Audio & Theater > Speakers > Outdoor Speakers
speakers outdoor bass atrium patio polk volume mounted pool install speaker deck receiver hear highs range loud area amp neighbors
Very happy with the sound from these speakers. Got them for the patio around the pool, and had planned to add a sub-woofer. However, the bass is pretty good out of these guys, so I'm holding off on the sub-woofer.
Update after almost a year: I've moved these speakers around a bit, and now have them suspended from a shed like overhang. They are amazingly bright and clear. I can put something like an acoustic guitar solo on, and everyone is completely blown away by the sound. I've got just a bit of bass boost into them (due to their mounting position, suspended in mid-air), and the sound is even and balanced. Wish I could give them 6 stars.
5.0 out of 5 starsPolks for life!!
I have owned Polk Audio speakers since 1977 with their Monitor 10's. Polk speakers have always been rated very high by all autophile magazines and reviews. This is my first purchase of Polk outdoor speakers and as always, they sound amazing. I had previously bought the DT 6500 's and was disappointed for the cost and returned them. After researching numerous reviews the Atrium 6 was at the top of every review I read. They have crisp not tinny highs, strong clear mid range and pleasingly adequate bass. These speakers are definitely ear and head candy and will turn your back yard into your outdoor concert venue with a good clean power source.
Michael A Varlaro
5.0 out of 5 starsAbsolutely Awesome Speakers!
Absolutely amazing sound and easy installation! I highly recommend these speakers. We installed these on our deck and can still hear them loud and clear down by our pool. Pure quality for the music enthusiast!
5.0 out of 5 starsThey sound great! Mounted easily
I have them on the back porch. They sound great! Mounted easily.
5.0 out of 5 starsSorry, I can't hear you over my dope speakers.
Man, these things rock. Sounds great, I can't put them all the way up because my neighbors would definitely complain. Amazing Quality and Sound, transformed my Patio to a new level.
5.0 out of 5 starsGreat speakers! I installed them in the screened-in porch ...
Great speakers! I installed them in the screened-in porch and they do not disappoint. They can get quite loud and produce nice bass.
5.0 out of 5 starsSound great and easy to mount
Sound great and easy to mount. It's nice that they swivel. The music carries to the top of our deck to the patio on ground level to the pool. We have them mounted underneath the deck. Base is decent.
Larry Z Granzin
5.0 out of 5 starsThese are great speakers! They are completely exposed
These are great speakers! They are completely exposed. We have them set up for back yard movie night and music. No issues after daily use for almost 6 months.Read more
Vince Guzik
5.0 out of 5 starssounds great, and looks great too
Fully as the description states. Went with Polk as all other speakers in the house are Polk. Installed in 10 minutes, sounds great, and looks great too!
Ed Shnekendorf
Great sound for my Sonos Amp on the patio.
Sel2Costa
5.0 out of 5 starsGreat Polk sound
Excellent bass response and clarity. Survived hurricane Harvey under the covered patio. I initially had HTD speakers but these sounded better.
3.0 out of 5 starsThey could be better for the money
I was expecting more sound and bass for the money. They sound good but not what I was expecting. They didn't blow away the $70 speakers that I replaced them with.
5.0 out of 5 starsGreat sound and reasonable bass response for an outdoor speaker
Agree with the majority of positive reviews on these speakers!! Great sound and reasonable bass response for an outdoor speaker. I wish I had discovered these years ago.
Awesome for our outdoor movie nights
This item: Polk Audio Atrium 6 Speakers (Pair, White)
13 offers from $80.99
Pages with related products. See and discover other items: parts element tv, high end speaker, high end speakers | [
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Patent US6823103 - Optical devices for controlling insertion loss - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsThe invention relates to an optical device which carries multiple optical signals where the optical device has a plurality of distal waveguides some of which may be configured to control insertion loss among the multiple optical signals....http://www.google.com/patents/US6823103?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6823103 - Optical devices for controlling insertion lossAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6823103 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/955,630Publication dateNov 23, 2004Filing dateSep 18, 2001Priority dateDec 15, 2000Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20020076145, WO2002048773A2, WO2002048773A3Publication number09955630, 955630, US 6823103 B2, US 6823103B2, US-B2-6823103, US6823103 B2, US6823103B2InventorsJane Lam, Liang Zhao, Kenneth McGreer, Hao Xu, Wayne Wai Wing LuiOriginal AssigneeLightwave Microsystems CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (15), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (6), Classifications (6), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetOptical devices for controlling insertion lossUS 6823103 B2Abstract The invention relates to an optical device which carries multiple optical signals where the optical device has a plurality of distal waveguides some of which may be configured to control insertion loss among the multiple optical signals.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/256,011, filed on Dec. 15, 2000, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to an optical device which carries multiple optical signals where the optical device has a plurality of distal waveguides some of which may be configured to control insertion loss among the multiple optical signals.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION There is an increasing demand for telecommunication capacity as a result of increased Internet traffic, a growing number of telephone lines for telephones, fax, and computer modems, and an increase in other telecommunication services. This increasing demand is being addressed through the combination of multiple telecommunication signals for concurrent transmission through telecommunication lines to increase telecommunication capacity. One way of increasing capacity is by combining multiple signals through the use of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) or dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). WDM involves combining or multiplexing a plurality of optical signals having a predetermined difference in their wavelengths. The multiplexed signals are transmitted over a single optical fiber. An optical wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer is essential to the transmission of a multiplexed signal as a multiplexer/demultiplexer can combine optical signals of different wavelengths or separate a multiplexed signal into several optical signals based upon the respective wavelength of each signal. An arrayed-waveguide grating is one standard device used as an optical wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention provides an optical device for controlling insertion loss of wavelength-division multiplexed signals comprising a plurality of signals, each signal having a predetermined wavelength different from the remaining signals, the optical device comprising an phased array having a proximal end and a distal end, the phased array comprising a plurality of waveguides extending between the input and output ends, each the waveguide having a predetermined length different from another waveguide; at least one proximal waveguide having a first end and a second end; a proximal slab waveguide between the proximal end of the phased array and the second end of the proximal waveguide; a plurality of distal waveguides each having a first end and a second end, at least one of the plurality of distal waveguides includes at least one gap between the first and second ends; and a distal slab waveguide between the distal end of the phased array and the second end of the distal waveguide.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1A is a plane view showing a representation of an optical device being used to mutiplex or demultiplex optical signals.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic representation optical device of the present invention wherein the device is a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) 1. Although the PLC illustrated is an N�M PLC, it is intended that the invention may be used in a 1�M PLC as well. Furthermore, although the invention is discussed for use in PLC's, it is contemplated that the invention is not limited as such. The invention may be used in any electro-optical device having a plurality of waveguides which requires controlled adjustment of the insertion loss between the signals transmitted through the device. For example, the invention may be incorporated into optical power splitters, OADM (optical add/drop multiplexer), DGEF (dynamic gain equalization filter), etc. The device 1 of the present invention may be formed using wet-etch, flame hydrolysis deposition (FHD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), reactive ion etching (RIE) or other standard techniques used in the semiconductor industry to deposit and pattern optical waveguide materials. As illustrated in FIG. 1D, the end result is that a waveguide 3 comprised of a core material (or a plurality of layers of core material) is located on a bottom cladding layer 7, both of which are covered by a top cladding layer 5. Usually, the waveguide 3 has a rectangular cross section. The waveguide 3, top and bottom cladding layers 7, 5 are usually placed on a substrate 8. A typical waveguide (proximal or distal) may be, for example, 6 μm�6 μm. However, such dimensions are only exemplary as other configurations are within the scope of this invention. The top cladding layer 5 often has the same index as the bottom cladding layer 7. However, the index of the waveguide 3 is larger than either of the cladding layers 5, 7. The cladding layers 5, 7 and waveguide 3 are placed on a substrate 8, usually silicon, glass, or InP.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5745619Jun 7, 1996Apr 28, 1998Lucent Technologies Inc.Low-loss optical power splitter for high-definition waveguidesUS5828800Jun 23, 1997Oct 27, 1998Lucent Technologies Inc.Self-aligned mechanical M�N optical switchUS5854868Aug 9, 1996Dec 29, 1998Fujitsu LimitedOptical device and light waveguide integrated circuitUS5859717Feb 14, 1997Jan 12, 1999Corning Oca CorporationFor multi-channel collimated lightUS5894535May 7, 1997Apr 13, 1999Hewlett-Packard CompanyOptical waveguide device for wavelength demultiplexing and waveguide crossingUS5982960Aug 28, 1997Nov 9, 1999Hitachi Cable, Ltd.Optical wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexerUS6195481Aug 23, 1999Feb 27, 2001The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.Array waveguide diffraction grating optical multiplexer/demultiplexerUS6229938 *Jan 31, 2000May 8, 2001Nippon Telegraph And Telephone CorporationWDM filterUS6404946 *Aug 9, 2000Jun 11, 2002The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.Arrayed waveguide grating type optical multiplexer/demultiplexerUS6477294 *Sep 28, 2000Nov 5, 2002Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.Optical device having second arrayed waveguide grating for temperature controlUS6549696 *Aug 8, 2000Apr 15, 2003Hitachi Cable, Ltd.Optical wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexerUS6591034 *Oct 6, 2000Jul 8, 2003Infineon Technologies AgConfiguration for spatially separating and/or joining optical wavelength channelsEP1045263A1Aug 23, 1999Oct 18, 2000The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.Array waveguide diffraction grating optical multiplexer/demultiplexerGB2327773A Title not availableJP2001013337A * Title not available* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1Murukami, M. et al. (1997). "Transoceanic Twelve 10 Gbit/s WDM Signal Transmission Experiment with Individual Channel Dispersion-and-Gain Compensation and Prechirped RZ Pulse Format," Electronic Letters 33(25):2145-2146.2Okamoto K. (2000) "Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides", Academic Press, pp. vii-xi ( Table of Contents).3Yamada, T. et al. (1997). "Loss Equalisation Technique Using Carbon Cluster-Doped Polyimide Film and Its Application to 32-Channel Optical Wavelength Selector Module," Electronic Letters 36(12):1053-1055.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7010184 *Aug 22, 2003Mar 7, 2006The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.Optical moduleUS7060517 *Dec 21, 2004Jun 13, 2006Infinera CorporationMethod of reducing insertion loss in a transition region between a plurality of input or output waveguides to a free space coupler regionUS7529436Feb 21, 2006May 5, 2009Infinera CorporationOptical combiner/decombiner with reduced insertion lossUS7625771Feb 21, 2006Dec 1, 2009Infinera CorporationMethod of reducing insertion loss in a transition region between a plurality of input or output waveguides to a free space coupler regionUS20110123153 *Jan 27, 2011May 26, 2011Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.Arrayed waveguide gratingUS20130114929 *Dec 20, 2012May 9, 2013Kazutaka NaraArrayed waveguide grating* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification385/24, 385/15, 385/31International ClassificationG02B6/34Cooperative ClassificationG02B6/12016European ClassificationG02B6/12M2ILegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionApr 24, 2012FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jun 8, 2010ASAssignmentOwner name: NEOPHOTONICS CORPORATION,CALIFORNIAEffective date: 20100608Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LIGHTWAVE MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:24505/68Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LIGHTWAVE MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:024505/0068Owner name: NEOPHOTONICS CORPORATION, CALIFORNIAMay 22, 2008FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Sep 18, 2001ASAssignmentOwner name: LIGHTWAVE MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION, CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LAM, JANE;ZHAO, LIANG;MCGREER, KENNETH;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:012194/0764Effective date: 20010914Owner name: LIGHTWAVE MICROSYSTEMS CORPORATION 2911 ZANKER ROAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LAM, JANE /AR;REEL/FRAME:012194/0764RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google | [
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"Indie Does It Better" [Vol. 5] A ROOFTOP Pop-Up Shop & Social Tickets, Sat, May 26, 2018 at 3:00 PM | Eventbrite
by Harley Morgan
Sat, May 26, 2018, 3:00 PM – 7:00 PM EDT
"Indie Does It Better" is a pop up shop installation and social. Our purpose is to bring creative fashion and style connoisseurs together for a unique shopping experience, brand awareness and a good time! Each installment, we feature a different combination of brands for exposure and sales potential! We have a great interactive atmosphere, great music, A Fashion Presentation and of course GREAT FASHION, JEWELS and ART!
ALSO, be prepared to be blown away by our special attraction - "The Style Suite"! We will transform one of the Cambria's finest suites into a Fashion Installation Experience just for our FASHION FRIENDS! Awesome Styling, Fashion Filled Conversation and Whiskey Tasting await you! [LIMITED AMOUNT OF PATRONS - RSVP NOW]
Lastly, It's MEMORIAL DAY! Get ready for a DOPE Fashion Day Party on the Rooftop as the Pop Up Shop concludes! Drinks, Great Food and a VERY Stylish Soundtrack!
Let's Continue to #SupportSmallBusinesses and #ShopLocal in 2018!
"Indie Does It Better" [Vol. 5] A ROOFTOP Pop-Up Shop & Social at Cambria Hotel Washington, D.C. Convention Center
Indie Does It Better [Vol. 6] The Pop Up Shop & Social
Dreams of Triumph x Utor Presents"DRMWORLD" Pop Up Shop
Londen Parc PoP Up Shop | [
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Dikshita D. - Open Source Enthusiast - Goa (Goa Velha) | Meetup
Dikshita D. https://secure.meetupstatic.com/photos/member/c/c/e/6/member_276772454.jpeg https://www.meetup.com/Open-Source-Enthusiast-Goa/members/227133464/
Open Source Enthusiast - Goa https://www.meetup.com/Open-Source-Enthusiast-Goa/ 20160202
Druplers 247
Gaurav Mishra, Ashwini Kumar, Gaurang Aggarwal, Gaurav Mishra, Sayali Prabhudesai
PHP · Open Source · Python · JavaScript · Drupal · Ruby On Rails · Agile Project Management · CMS (Content Management Systems) · Agile Testing · Software QA and Testing · JavaScript Frameworks · nodeJS · Drupal Developers · Drupal Modules · JavaScript Applications
This group is all about open source technologies and methodologies, our aim is to build and nurture a community that openly communicates and help each other grow. We majorly hold meet-ups on Drupal, some of the other technologies we are interested in are NodeJS, AngularJS, PHP (various platforms), RoR, Python, various database systems. We are also big on agile methodology (https://www.linkedin.com/groups/8460551) irrespective of the technology you work on.
We have venues available for meet-ups in Goa, Delhi, Gurgoan and Bangalore. We are happy to help serious and relevant meet-up groups. | [
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Agoda 提供 愛沙尼亞 塔林 Domina Ilmarine Hotel的真實住客評價和網路最低預訂價格 - 第1頁
愛沙尼亞1,259>
塔林多米纳酒店>
塔林多米纳酒店 (Domina Ilmarine Hotel)
對不起,塔林多米纳酒店 在您輸入的入住日期內沒有空房 。
檢舉此評價 Barbara C.
檢舉此評價 Douglas S.
檢舉此評價 Trond H.
The hotel was very good for the price. It was easy to reach from the harbour (about 10 minutes walk), and is located close to the old town (again maybe 10 minutes walk). When making the reservation we thought that the sauna and jacuzzi are included in the price, but discovered that's not case. Actually the sauna must be reserved separately but that is not a big deal. The breakfast was good, nothing amazing but still gave us a good start for the day. Good value for money overall. 檢舉此評價 Dmitry V.
We liked the hotel. 餐飲提示:
檢舉此評價 Denis T.
The exterior of this hotel does leave an impression as it is modified from an historic building. Although the entrance of the hotel is a bit unusual (it faces inside instead of the main street), we like the fact that its location is close enough to the ferry terminal and the Old Town. We were glad to be given a double-storey room with tall bay windows. It certainly felt more like a holiday apartment than a hotel room. Overall, we enjoyed our stay, but would certainly prefer to have a working TV remote and an electric kettle. =) 檢舉此評價 顯示更多住客評價 | [
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Finding info on scala operators - Stack Overflow
Im reading http://debasishg.blogspot.com/2008/04/external-dsls-made-easy-with-scala.html and I am trying to find info on the "<~" operator, for example:
def trans = "(" ~> repsep(trans_spec, ",") <~ ")"
I have some reasonable guess that has something to do with the product("~") operator along with lists?
In the future, how do I lookup operators like that? It is no good to google "<~" for example.
Found the "<~" info in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/256694/scala-combinator-parsers-distinguish-between-number-strings-and-variable-string
Question 2 remains
scala operators share|improve this question asked Jul 26 '10 at 9:58
4,15042652
On Question 2, unfortunately that is one disadvantage of Scala's allowance of non-alphabetic characters, they're not easily found in search engines. Your best bet is simply to check the Scaladocs of whatever code is in scope. share|improve this answer answered Jul 26 '10 at 10:08
symbolhound.com solves that problem.
This link could be useful:
http://jim-mcbeath.blogspot.com/2008/12/scala-operator-cheat-sheet.html
The cross reference to scala api seems broken unfortunately :(
Jul 27 '10 at 12:07
Yes, but the API on scala-lang seems to be not longer "linkeable", as all you get is scala-lang.org/docu/files/api/index.html (regardless of the class you browse to). But you can replace the first part of the URL by lampsvn.epfl.ch/trac/scala/browser/scala/trunk/src/library which goes to their Trac
Regarding Question 2, there is an upcoming (time-frame unkonwn to me) addition to the ScalaDoc processor that will produce a cross-reference index that allows you to look up method and field names and see which classes declare or define them.
You can get a preview of this (not integrated with the ScalaDocs, but useful nonetheless) here: ScalaDoc Name Index
Scala combinator parsers - distinguish between number strings and variable strings | [
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U.S. Social Security Administration1871 Rockaway PkwyBrooklyn, NY 11236(800) 772-1213Social Security ServicesWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoRooms & Rates »Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collectionInaccurate Result?15. U S Govt Social Security Hearing And Appeals120 Stuyvesant PlStaten Island, NY 10301(718) 981-7115Government OfficesDirectionsMore InfoRooms & Rates »Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collectionInaccurate Result?16. Social Security Administration Office Locations7714 Roosevelt AveJackson Heights, NY 11372(800) 772-1213Social Security ServicesDirectionsMore InfoRooms & Rates »Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collectionInaccurate Result?17. U.S. Social Security Administration970 Broad St Room 1035Newark, NJ 07102(800) 772-1213Social Security ServicesWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoRooms & Rates »Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collectionInaccurate Result?18. 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U.S. Social Security Administration2389 Richmond AveStaten Island, NY 10314(800) 772-1213Social Security ServicesWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoRooms & Rates »Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collectionInaccurate Result?24. U.S. Social Security Administration855 Lehigh AveUnion, NJ 07083(800) 772-1213Social Security ServicesWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoRooms & Rates »Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collectionInaccurate Result?25. U.S. Social Security Administration2720 Jerome AveBronx, NY 10468(800) 772-1213Social Security ServicesWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoRooms & Rates »Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collectionInaccurate Result?26. U.S. Social Security Administration11306 Rockaway Beach Blvd BlvRockaway Park, NY 11694(800) 772-1213Social Security ServicesWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoRooms & Rates »Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collectionInaccurate Result?27. U.S. Social Security Administration935 Allwood RdClifton, NJ 07012(800) 772-1213Social Security ServicesWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoRooms & Rates »Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your community collection!Error when adding to community collectionThis business was removed from the community collectionInaccurate Result?28. 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of 165results12345NextIf we're missing a business and you'd like to make a suggestion, please do! Add a business.Add a New CollectionOops! There was a problem saving the new custom collection.Please try again.Collection Name cannot be emptyUpload a Photo(optional)Remaining Characters: 100Remaining Characters: 500CancelSaveMap ViewFeatured Social Security Servicesin New York, New YorkAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your services collection!Error when adding to services collectionThis business was removed from the services collectionInaccurate Result?Ogle, Elrod & Baril PLLCServing the New York Area.(888) 238-7845WebsiteMore InfoAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your services collection!Error when adding to services collectionThis business was removed from the services collectionInaccurate Result?Bill Gordon & Associates - Social Security Disability AttorneysServing the New York Area.(800) 305-7063We Fight For Your BenefitsWebsiteMore InfoAboutAbout UsSite FeedbackContact UsAdvertise with UsCareers - We're HiringCorporate BlogEngineering BlogLegal | [
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Lego wheelchair helps Maryland Zoo's injured turtle to heal, officials say | Fox News
A “customized Lego wheelchair” was designed for one lucky wild Eastern box turtle who needed some help after injuring and undergoing surgery for his shell, according to a news release from the Maryland Zoo. (Maryland Zoo)
A turtle in Maryland is getting a lift from a one-of-a-kind ride.
A “customized Lego wheelchair” was designed for one lucky wild Eastern box turtle who needed some help after injuring and undergoing surgery for his shell, according to a news release from the Maryland Zoo.
The wounded creature was discovered by a zoo employee over the summer in Maryland’s Druid Hill Park and was taken to the zoo’s hospital, according to Dr. Ellen Bronson, senior director of animal health, conservation, and research at the Zoo.
“He had multiple fractures on his plastron, the bottom part of his shell. Because of the unique placement of the fractures, we faced a difficult challenge with maintaining the turtle’s mobility while allowing him to heal properly,” Bronson explained.
The turtle underwent an operation to “stabilize” his shell, the news release said, and afterwards, the bottom part needed to be kept “off the ground so it could heal properly,” Garrett Fraess, a veterinary extern at the zoo, said.
“They don’t make turtle-sized wheelchairs. So, we drew some sketches of a customized wheelchair and I sent them to a friend who is a LEGO enthusiast,” he said.
Garrett Fraess, a veterinary extern at the zoo, said they "drew some sketches of a customized wheelchair" before sending them off to "a LEGO enthusiast" friend of his. (Maryland Zoo)
Weeks after the operation, the specialty wheelchair – complete with wheels and a surrounding frame – was finished, the news release said, adding that with the help of plumbers putty, the chair was attached “to the edges of the turtle’s upper shell, which gets him off of the ground and allows his legs to be freed up so he can move.”
The turtle "never even hesitated" once he got his wheelchair, Fraess said. (Maryland Zoo)
And since then, the turtle has adapted seamlessly, Fraess said.
The animal will likely be getting around in his new wheels into next spring until he’s fully healed, Bronson said. | [
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Home > Connecticut > Berlin > Chimney Repair > Strictly Chimneys, LLC
Strictly Chimneys, LLC offers chimney video inspection, cleaning, chimney caps, dampers, relining and masonry repair services.
Strictly Chimneys, LLC has received 5 out of 5 stars based on 1 Customer Reviews and a BBB Rating of A+. | [
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Words containing gglomeratively | Words that contain gglomeratively
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-containing-gglomeratively
Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary 10,120,972,128 visitors served
Words containing gglomeratively
Found 1 words containing gglomeratively. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain gglomeratively. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words that end in gglomeratively
15 letter words containing gglomerativelySee also
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Words containing gglomerativ | [
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Hi there, I believe to be a perfect fit for this task. Relevant Skills and Experience I specialize in writing for the purposes of informing and engaging the target [url removed, login to view] you are trying to build your online p More | [
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Top 10 Hotels in Lviv, Ukraine | Hotels.com
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• Lviv (LWO-Lviv Intl.), 3.8 mi (6.2 km) from central Lviv
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• Rainiest months: July, August, June, and May (average 3.25 inches of rainfall) | [
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An upstream regulatory sequence stimulates expression of the perfringolysin O gene of Clostridium perfringens. - PubMed - NCBI
AbstractFormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplySend to:Choose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 1987025FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailDidn't get the message? Find out why...Add to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
See comment in PubMed Commons belowInfect Immun. 1991 Jan;59(1):137-42.An upstream regulatory sequence stimulates expression of the perfringolysin O gene of Clostridium perfringens.Shimizu T1, Okabe A, Minami J, Hayashi H.Author information1Department of Microbiology, Kagawa Medical School, Japan.AbstractThe structural gene for perfringolysin O (pfoA), a thiol-activated hemolysin of Clostridium perfringens, was cloned into Escherichia coli JM109 on a 4.6-kilobase (kb) EcoRI-NdeI fragment which contained the 1.7-kb pfoA gene and an upstream 2.9-kb region. An E. coli strain transformed by this plasmid produced 20-fold more perfringolysin O than a strain containing only the 1.7-kb pfoA gene. The stimulatory effect of the upstream region on in vivo expression of the pfoA gene was further analyzed by using a set of deletion mutants. Stimulation was still observed with a 3.9-kb fragment, but stimulation was not observed with fragments that were 3.6 kb or less long, indicating that the upstream region between 3.9 and 1.7 kb was involved in activation of pfoA gene expression. Nucleotide sequencing showed that this region contained one open reading frame (pfoR) coding for 343 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of pfoR possesses several motifs that are characteristic of DNA-binding proteins. When a region coding for a helix-turn-helix, one of the most important motifs of DNA-binding proteins, was deleted within pfoR, stimulation was completely abolished. These results indicate that pfoR positively controls expression of the pfoA gene.PMID: 1987025 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] PMCID: PMC257717 Free PMC ArticleSharePublication Types, MeSH Terms, Substances, Secondary Source IDPublication TypesResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tMeSH TermsAmino Acid SequenceBacterial Toxins/genetics*Base SequenceCloning, MolecularClostridium perfringens/genetics*Escherichia coli/geneticsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialGenes, Bacterial*Genes, Regulator*Hemolysin Proteins/genetics*Molecular Sequence DataSubstancesBacterial ToxinsHemolysin ProteinsClostridium perfringens theta-toxinSecondary Source IDGENBANK/M34727GENBANK/M81080GENBANK/M90759GENBANK/S70196GENBANK/S70199GENBANK/S70201GENBANK/S70204GENBANK/X54772GENBANK/X54773GENBANK/X54774GENBANK/X54792LinkOut - more resourcesFull Text SourcesHighWire - PDFEurope PubMed CentralPubMed CentralPubMed Central CanadaOther Literature SourcesCited by Patents in - The LensPubMed Commons home | [
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Message 1. Posted by The POV Production Team (U3423517)
This week's Points of View programme is an "interview special" featuring Danielle Nagler and Ben Stephenson who will be discussing HD and drama on the BBC. The show goes out at 4.40pm this Sunday 8th November.The POV Team.
Link to this forum: Points of View
Most importantly, will she be discussing the picture quality problems or will they be ignored they have been on her blog entries?
and the appalling sound quality on BBC HD last night on Strictly and on other shows I've tried to watch but was spoilt by the volume constantly fading?
"Interview special" - so no contributions from these pages then?
Will she come on with the standard POV format of defending her position, telling us how we are all wrong, explain a few things in ways that aren't clear, not answer the questions and then we'll have to wait for her to go away and think about what they can do to improve the situation (which isn't likely to happen sometime soon)? I look forward to a technical debate about the old 16MB vs the new 10MB but don't expect one.
This is the response I got from the POV Production Team this morning when I wrote to them about the sound problems on the HD Channel
Thank you for your message. Points of View is currently off air but returns in the autumn and your comments will be considered for inclusion in the programme then. Many thanks.
Points of View Up to date and on top of things as per usual I see Link to this forum: Points of View
Ms Nagler is already spouting pre-prepared rubbish that she doesn't understand.
HD and DOGS:
As usual, Auntie is always right
Did I hear that HD-woman just say that there is no relation between bitrate used and picture quality? Is she completely ignorant and therefore an ideal occupant of that job?
Well that was a waste of time. A mixture of marketing waffle and downright lies. POV - You promised us answers and all we got was complete bull.
What is clear is that Ms Nagler doesn't understand the technicalities of HD or the requirements of her viewers.
Unbelievable. She's practically called viewers liars when they say that the picture quality on the HD channel has deteriorated since August.
These Heads of Departments defy belief, they really do. Outrageous.
Posted by Zimmer (U1165435)
look forward to a technical debate about the old 16MB vs the new 10MB but don't expect one. Can someone tell me if this affects the cost of producing programmes please?
Musky, you were mentioned!
Philap got a mention. Busby 2, Olicana Man????? Sherisgirl, Pipkin 3, John Bee, Muskadash, Gargleblaster, all got a mention! Link to this forum: Points of View
What, again? I think they ought to start paying me a salary. What was it this time?
Posted by trixxx (U1160636)
I frequently switch back to BBC 1 rather than endure the variable sound problems on BBC HD. It's particularly bad when distorted (overmodulated?)
Hey musky, are you a shareholder or a member of the board at the BBC?
You've got another mention AGAIN this week. Your comments will be getting a weekly feature on POV at this rate Link to this forum: Points of View
No admissions of anything wrong with HD or drama. No promises to change anything. Not even any willingness to listen to their customers. This "We are right and you are wrong" attitude is completely unbelievable. These people are public servants. Isn't it about time they started listening to the public?
COME ON BBC - YOU USED TO BE BETTER THAN THIS.
Oh Musky you are a star my lovey...we will have to bow and scrape to you, when you appear on here What was it...oh something about the American influence again!!!!
Referring back to my message 12, I should have elaborated - does the inferior quality cost less to produce?
She is right .... as Andy Q has said depending on the coding techniques used increased bit rate does NOT automatically mean increased quality.
What She did not say is that the reduction was because a first generation encoder was replaced by a 3rd generation unit.... so there should be some improvement in coding efficiency. As last night Festival of Rememberence and todays Cenotaph showed HD is stunning....
But the "look" of some dramas is not "sharp" and filmic etc which in addition seems to to be liked by the coder (it was not by the previous one either - but just looked diferent)but I agree the MPEG4AVC tool kits still need a bit of a tweak.But there are changes which have taken place ... Link to this forum: Points of View
Philap got a mention. Busby 2, Olicana Man????? Sherisgirl, Pipkin 3, John Bee, Muskadash, Gargleblaster, all got a mention! Is that supposed to be some sort of endorsement? The answer to my comment didn't leave much hope. Yes BBC, I have said that you do costume dramas brilliantly well but I am SO BORED with them. I long for some really well written, cutting edge drama that doesn't in any way resemble a soap.
congrats to musk etc...but i got a hellova shock... i think i KNOW ben stephenson from somewhere...he was very, very familiar...i've definately met him...
Musky you got one of your rants against American drama on! Persistence pays off! Congrats BFG, TallTwizzle, Philap, Olicana Man, Sherisgirl, Pipkin3, John Bee, Gargleblaster - all round!
No, surprisingly it wasn't another rant about American influences on shows this time from musky. It was about why so many programmes are being made with filmic quality.
I never understand the logic of the argument that DOGS are helpful to viewers. Surely it's just to discourage us from creating DVDs
"No promises to change anything. Not even any willingness to listen to their customers. This "We are right and you are wrong" attitude is completely unbelievable."
I said this in my message before the show, this is their usual response, but we are told by the POV team that they will go away and think about it, personally I don't expect a quick change of heart.
I liked the answer there are 2 HDs, 1 is sharp and crisp and 1 is effect It doesn't sound like we are going to get the 1st one again Link to this forum: Points of View
I must say, it was a bit cheeky of the BBC bloke to claim credit for Wallander, which was a remake, and Being Human, that only got made because of a campaign on these boards....
Well done to all the POV Board contributers who at least got their question/statement read out.
Once again, the replies were very much middle of the road.
How old is Ben - in charge of drama? He looks about 23!!!!
Message posted by technologistShe is right .... as Andy Q has said depending on the coding techniques used increased bit rate does NOT automatically mean increased quality. If the advances in encoding had been so great that the bitrate could be reduced and still give the same picture quality that would be fine, and I guess that's what she's been told. What is very strange is that she don't seem to have used her own eyes to see that it's simply not true, whatever those around her are saying.
23 sounds about right for a cutting edge exec at the beeb.
Have you ever been quoted on POV Bidie?
If so, did they do a lovely Scottish accent for you?
I agree that some of our dramas are too soapy (hello Waterloo Road) but I'm enjoying quite a few others this year including Waking the Dead, Garrows Law, Emma, Merlin, Doctor Who, Torchwood and Criminal Justice. And they're just the ones off the top of my head. Our dramas should be more American? no! no! no!
The woman talking about the HD channel was a bit dissmissive though. Link to this forum: Points of View
How old is Ben - in charge of drama? He looks about 23!!!! if it's the person i met about three years ago, he's probably about 35 now.
My guess would be in a Gay Bar Link to this forum: Points of View
Ben Stephenson - Is he out of short trousers yet?
I really do not understand why some viewers complain about "soaps". OK some are dire, depressing and way past their sell by date but some are well written, well directed and well acted. Most "soaps" aren't my viewing choice but round the water cooler, snack machine and smoking area from comments I've heard they do fill a need for some viewers.
I did think he "skated over" the lack of drama for the male 49% of the population. Vine appeared very dismissive of the ITV/Channel4 drama output. Must have been something to do with the piece in the Telegraph about BBC stiffling writers.
Stephenson didn't answer the implied question about the short runs of most BBC dramas that are not "soaps".
I cannot comment on the HD question. Haven't got it. So the first seven minutes went right over my head. Mind you it would have even if I'd HD.
I really do not understand why some viewers complain about "soaps". I think it's because there are soaps on every single day, about eight times a day. Link to this forum: Points of View
My guess would be in a Gay Bar on what do you base your guess? and why say it twice? Link to this forum: Points of View
No, surprisingly it wasn't another rant about American influences on shows this time from musky. It was about why so many programmes are being made with filmic quality. Sorry it wasn't it was the one about making drama more distictive for Bristish audiences and not try to make the content and style like American prgrammes or 'homogenised global' style!!!!
Yeah, that's him zelda. Thought I recognised him as well. lol Link to this forum: Points of View
Wallander, which was a remake 'Wallander' isn't really a remake is it rather a dramatisation of the books. The Swedish Wallander that we all know and love was developed for TV apart from the first episode which was from the Linda Wallander book. Link to this forum: Points of View
Zelda, that was just the track that came to mind when Twitter posted! Link to this forum: Points of View
ZeldaI have no idea what that was about. The tools on the belt, the butternut squash or that train disappearing into a tunnel.
Didn't Armstrong and Miller do that song on Friday?
Most of the posts I've seen have said the original Swedish series was better, Philap. I tried the first British one, but couldn't get on with it, it was too broody. Congats on your new status BTW.....
Posted by civical (U14207373)
Well Danielle Nagler what a load of flannel. As you well know the 'film' or 'cinematic' look of the programmes you talk of is set in the shooting and post production stages not in the encoders you are now using. The point is the quality of the pictures has deteriorated whether they are 'Film' look like Emma or Video like Strictly Come Dancing and they deteriorated when you cut the bit rate we can all see it, don't tell me you can't.
yep, the one where the Victorian Lady fainted Link to this forum: Points of View
"Head of Drama"??? That must be the Primary 7 branch - and I'm sure his designer stubble was crayonned on. Mind you, I loved it when he said "we take all these views seriously" with a perfectly straight face. Aye,right.
I demand my views be taken facetiously. | [
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Shula on Saturday's loss - Alabama - Scout
"The loss was obviously disappointing and frustrating," Shula said. "After looking at the tapes Sunday we just couldn't establish anything consistently."
Shula on Saturday's lossJ.E. Lisby09/22/2003Mindful of his own "24-hour rule," Tide Head Coach Mike Shula allowed himself one more day to talk about Saturday's game.
<br><br>"The loss was obviously disappointing and frustrating," Shula said. "After looking at the tapes Sunday we just couldn't establish anything consistently."
Shula talked about the game during his regular Sunday teleconference. "We made a couple of mental mistakes and other physical ones technique-wise, against a very good football team. We had a lot of respect for (Northern Illinois) coming into the game, because of how they played this year and last. They've got some maturity. They're a very aggressive team in all three phases of the game. "The bottom line is they got the job done when they had a chance and we didn't. We're going to have to get those things corrected quickly."
After a disappointing performance by his team, Shula found plenty of things to correct in the game film. But he's taking a positive approach. "We want to build on the good, and make sure we correct the things that went wrong. We need to do it in a positive way. Everyone is feeling down now, but we can't let this drag on. We've got to get it out of our system. Our message has been to move forward after every game. Our kids have done a nice job of that so far. We're going to continue sticking with our plan and try to get better each week. "We stumbled (Saturday) night, but we don't want to let it set us back."
Northern Illinois' Michael Turner was as good as advertised. (photo courtesy of TurnerTheBurner.com)
Whenever a national program like Alabama falls to a relatively unknown, fans assume a lack of focus. But Shula thinks his team took the Huskies seriously. "We looked hard at it during the week. I talked (about that) Saturday night with some of our coaches. Our preparation and focus has been good. Our execution was what failed. That's not just on the players, that's everybody. It's on coaches and players. "We win together and we lose together."
With the loss Alabama dropped out of this week's AP poll, while the Huskies are now ranked. "Northern Illinois is pretty good," Shula said. "They don't make a lot of mistakes, and they can do some things that help make you make mistakes. I'll be anxious to see how they do the rest of the year. They've got a real good back (Michael Turner) that's 230 pounds and does a nice job carrying the ball. He breaks tackles and has good speed."
With another sub-par performance, fans point the finger at Bama's offense. But Shula talked about field position, or rather a lack thereof, as being key. In the second half in order the Tide started at its own 8, 11, 14, 7, 11, 20 and 20 yardlines.
"It's tough," Shula said. "You want to create your own field position, and we didn't. For whatever reason, whether it was a penalty on special teams or the offense not making a couple of first downs. We had been doing that in games earlier. Their punter did a nice job."
Alabama actually out-gained the Huskies 394 yards to 267, but the Tide had little to show for it on the scoreboard. "When your average drive start is on the 19, then you've got to make a few more yards to get into the endzone," Shula said. "That was part of it. We had a couple of 37-yard gains that only put us out to our own 48-yardline. If you get better field position, then you'd like to think a 37-yard gain would get you down inside (your opponent's) territory."
For Northern Illinois Anthony Gallagher averaged a whopping 46.4 yards punting. Shula commented. "That makes it tougher. But you've got to make plays and stay on the field. Defensively we did a nice job keeping them out when they had good field position. You've got to do something to create field position for yourself. It's a credit to them for the way they played special teams."
It's easy to point to Bama's awful first extra point try as the key play in the game. Rushing right up the middle, NIU blocked the kick. One Huskie scooped the ball up and when tackled lateraled to teammate Kevin Woods who returned it the distance for two points. It equaled a three-point swing, which proved the margin of victory.
But in truth Northern Illinois dominated in all phases of special teams play. "We took turns hurting ourselves," Shula said. "We had penalties that hurt us and kept us backed up. We had the blocked extra point that was a two-point conversion for them, which was three-point swing. They did a great job punting. They kicked a 51-yard field goal. They blocked one of our punts. It wasn't just one guy, it was one guy here and another guy there. "You've got to take turns making plays, not making mistakes."
Due mainly to one 54-yard run, Tide tailback Shaud Williams finished with solid numbers. But for most of the game Northern Illinois held the Bama running game in check with an effective combination of line stunts and run blitzes.
"It was a combination of things," Shula said. "They had some good defenses for the plays we called, but at times we had some good plays where we caught them in a blitz. We made mistakes, mental and technique-wise or somebody just got beat. The lack of production was a combination (of things). They do a nice job with their quickness. Up front they're not going to just line up and let you tee off. They move and slant, which is what we've seen recently. We just didn't handle it well (Saturday) night."
Afterwards Mike Shula accepted responsibility for the loss. (Barry Fikes photo)
The NIU coaches took full advantage of their off week to scout Alabama's offensive schemes. "That wasn't the first time we had seen run blitzing," Shula said. "We had seen it earlier and did a nice job against it. Maybe there was one guy on one play, or a technique problem or maybe a guy blocked the wrong linebacker or once we tripped over each other. Little things here and there... "That's offensive football. Everyone has got to be doing their job. Maybe you play 50 other plays fine, but on that one play you didn't."
Taking out yardage lost to sacks, Northern Illinois gained 156 yards on the ground. But too often in the second half their star tailback ran by and through would-be Bama tacklers. "We missed a couple of tackles," Shula acknowledged. "(Their offensive line) did a nice job of coming off the ball. (Michael) Turner was disciplined. He got the ball going (up the field) instead of trying to outrun our defense (to the sideline). We've got to be more stout and make sure we're covering the right gaps--not try to do too much. It all fits together."
The NIU secondary played hard, but Alabama contributed by dropping several passes. Shula commented, "Again, those are the things that if we do too much we're not going to win football games. But I'm not putting any of it on the players. It all starts with the coaches. As a whole team, we've got to be more detailed and play with more urgency to get things done right."
Share on Facebook Share on TwitterTrending on ScoutAlabama Begins Search For Baseball CoachAlabama Likely To Have Football HonoreesSpecial Ops Advances Iron Man Suit-2018Alabama Men’s Golf Back In NCAA TourneyNorthrop Upgrades Triton High-Tech Sea DroneShare & Embed2019 Intro: Hoover WR George Pickens Full StoryBamaMag Top StoriesAlabama Men’s Golf Back In NCAA TourneyAlabama has had great success under Coach Jay Seawell | [
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Melanie Griffith rocks some casual mom jeans for a night at celeb hotspot Craig's | Daily Mail Online
Denim diva! Melanie Griffith rocks some casual mom jeans for a night at celeb hotspot Craig's
Published: 23:56 EDT, 13 November 2015 | Updated: 23:56 EDT, 13 November 2015
When you've been a Hollywood fixture for more than a decade you have earned the right not to have to dress to impress.
Melanie Griffith has more than earned her style stripes in the past, so dressed casually for a night out on Friday.
The 58-year-old went for comfort rather than chicness as she enjoyed a dinner at celebrity favourite, Craig's restaurant in West Hollywood, California.
Low key: Melanie Griffith dressed casually for a night out at West Hollywood restaurant Craig's on Friday
That's not to say the Working Girl actress looked bad, but she certainly was not landing herself on any best dressed lists any time soon.
For her night out, Melanie threw on a pair of loose fit cropped jeans - often called 'mom jeans' - with a black cardigan.
The star also ensured her feet were nice and comfy too, skipping heels in favour of a pair of flat Mary Jane buckle up shoes.
Relaxed night: The 58-year-old went for comfort rather than chicness as she enjoyed dinner at the celebrity-loved eatery
Not having to feel constricted or having sore feet no doubt added to Melanie's great mood with the star smiling and waving at fans as she left the restaurant.
Showing she may be a big time Hollywood star but she is no diva, the star drove herself from the restaurant rather than having a professional driver do it.
Recently, Melanie has been spotted out enjoying herself regularly as she gets into the swing of single life.
Relaxed fit: For her night out, Melanie threw on a pair of loose fit cropped jeans - often called 'mom jeans' - with a black cardigan
Melanie and her ex Antonio Banderas confirmed in June last year that they were splitting after 18 years of marriage.
The stars had one child together, Stella Banderas, who's now 19. Melanie is also mother to Fifty Shades star Dakota Johnson, 26, and Alexander Bauer, 30.
Antonio and Melanie fell in love while shooting the 1995 romantic comedy Too Much, and were married the following year.
The 55-year-old actor has since moved on, and most recently has started a relationship with Nicole Kimpel, 34, a Dutch investment consultant.
She's got this: Showing she may be a big time Hollywood star but she is no diva, the star drove herself from the restaurant rather than having a professional driver do it | [
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2pcs Wheel Spacers 5 114 3 12x1 5 Studs 20mm Thick For For Ford Fusion 06 12 | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
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Patent US5881352 - Image forming apparatus having a finisher - Google Patents
An image forming apparatus is mounted in a copying machine or a printer and is adapted to serve the purpose of bundling and stapling a plurality of copied or printed sheets, automatically encasing the stapled bundle of sheets with a cover specially designed for enclosure, and binding the cover. The apparatus...http://www.google.com/patents/US5881352?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5881352 - Image forming apparatus having a finisher
Publication number US5881352 A
Application number US 08/948,223
Publication number 08948223, 948223, US 5881352 A, US 5881352A, US-A-5881352, US5881352 A, US5881352A
Inventors Tadashi Kobayashi, Ryo Hirano
Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (48), Classifications (20), Legal Events (4)
US 5881352 A
An image forming apparatus is mounted in a copying machine or a printer and is adapted to serve the purpose of bundling and stapling a plurality of copied or printed sheets, automatically encasing the stapled bundle of sheets with a cover specially designed for enclosure, and binding the cover. The apparatus has an image memory, an image signal processing part, an image producing part, a sheet accumulating part, a cover storing part, a cover delivering part, a cover supporting part, a sheet delivering and inserting part, a heating part, and a CPU.
an image data memory device for memorizing image data to be emitted on a sheet;
an image processing device for changing the direction in which an image memorized in said image data memory device is emitted onto the sheet;
an image producing device for producing an image on the sheet from the image data;
a sheet accumulating device disposed on the downstream side of a conveying path for sheets emanating from said image producing device and adapted to accumulate a plurality of the emanating sheets;
a cover storing device for storing a plurality of covers each having a fusible adhesive agent applied to the inside of a back part of a cover;
a cover delivering device for extracting the covers one by one from said cover storing device;
a cover supporting device for supporting severally the covers delivered from said cover delivering device in an opened state;
a sheet delivering and inserting device for conveying the plurality of emanating sheets from said sheet accumulating device and inserting them into the cover supported in an opened state by said cover supporting device;
a heating device for warming the part of the back of the cover having inserted therein the plurality of emanating sheets conveyed by said sheet conveying device thereby melting the fusible adhesive agent and inducing adhesion of the plurality of emanating sheets to the cover; and
a control device for controlling said image processing device so as to change the direction of the image emitted onto the sheet, depending on whether the plurality of emanating sheets are to be joined to the cover on the right binding or the left binding.
an image reading device for reading an image on an original document;
an image data memory device for memorizing as image data the image read by said image reading device;
an image data processing device for processing the image data memorized by said image data memory device so as to change the direction of the image and the order of emission of the image on the basis of the image data thereby causing the image to be emitted as required onto a sheet;
an output device for emitting the image data processed by said image data processing device onto the sheet;
a sheet folding device for folding at least doubly the sheet emitted from said output device;
an accumulating device for accumulating a plurality of sheets folded by said sheet folding device;
a stapling device for binding a bundle of sheets accumulated by said accumulating device; and
a controlling device for preparatorily selecting the position of binding to be used by said stapling device between the right binding and the left binding and then controlling said image data processing device so as to change the direction of the image and the order of emission of the image on the sheet, so as to enable the stapling treatment to be performed in the right binding or the left binding as selected.
3. An image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said controlling device comprises an image discriminating device for discriminating the direction of the image and an input device for designating the selection of right binding or left binding and is adapted to change the direction of the image and the order of emission output of the image on the sheet so as to conform to the direction of bind selected by said input device based on the direction of the image discriminated by said image discriminating device.
4. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said accumulating device accumulates doubly folded sheets.
5. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said stapling device staples a bundle of doubly folded sheets.
an image data memory device for memorizing image date to be emitted onto a sheet;
an image processing device for changing the direction in which an image memorized by said image data memory device is emitted on the sheet;
a sheet conveying device for conveying sheets into a cover; and
a controlling device for controlling said image processing device so as to change the direction of the image emitted on the sheet, depending on the direction in which the sheets are received in the cover between the right binding and the left binding.
7. An apparatus according to claim 6, which further comprises a sheet accumulating device disposed on the downstream side of a conveying path for the sheet emanating from said image producing device and adapted to accumulate a plurality of sheets emanating from said image producing device.
8. An apparatus according to claim 7, which further comprises a cover supporting device for supporting the cover in an opened state.
9. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said sheet conveying device conveys a plurality of sheets from said sheet accumulating device and inserts the plurality of sheets into the cover supported in an opened state by said cover supporting device.
10. An apparatus according to claim 7, which further comprises a stapling device for stapling a bundle of sheets accumulated by said sheet accumulating device.
11. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the cover receives for storage therein a stapled bundle of sheets.
12. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the cover has a fusible adhesive agent applied to the inside of a back part of a cover.
13. An apparatus according to claim 12, which further comprises a heating device for warming the part of the back of the cover thereby fusing the fusible adhesive agent and inducing adhesion of the sheets to the cover.
14. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the cover is transparent.
15. An apparatus according to claim 6, which further comprises a cover storing device for storing a plurality of covers.
16. An apparatus according to claim 15, which further comprises a cover feeding device for extracting the covers one by one from said cover storing device.
17. An apparatus according to claim 6, which further comprises a cover supporting device for supporting the cover in an opened state.
18. An apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said sheet conveying device conveys a plurality of sheets from a sheet accumulating device and inserts the sheets into the cover supported in an opened state by said cover supporting device.
This invention relates to an image forming apparatus furnished with a finisher which is mounted in a copying machine or a printer and adapted to serve the purpose of bundling and stapling a plurality of copied or printed sheets, automatically encasing the stapled bundle of sheets with a cover specially designed for enclosure, and binding the cover.
In recent years, some of such image forming apparatuses as copying machines and printers are furnished with an aftertreating device serving the purpose of automatically collecting sheets discharged from the apparatus, binding a bundle of these sheets with staples, encasing the stapled bundle with a cover specially designed for enclosure, and automatically binding the cover.
The cover specially designed to be used by the finisher of this description has fusible mucilage applied to such parts thereof as form an inside and a back. The finisher binds the plurality of sheets by encasing the sheets with the special cover and applying heat to the part of the cover forming the back thereby joining the sheets with the mucilage.
The bound documents are known in two types as sorted by the manner of binding, namely the documents of the right binding which binds a given document by applying mucilage to the right side of the document as illustrated in FIG. 29A and the documents of the left binding which binds a given document by applying mucilage to the left side of the document as illustrated in FIG. 29B. More often than not in the case of the documents written in the Japanese language, the documents having characters arranged vertically are in the right binding and the documents having characters arranged laterally are in the left binding.
Incidentally, the finisher which is mounted in the copying machine or the printer, on receiving sheets delivered from the copying machine or the printer, inserts the sheets in the same direction as used in the conveyance thereto into the special cover and binds them with the mucilage applied to the part of the back. As a result, it has the problem of betraying the inability to govern arbitrarily the distinction between the right binding and the left binding. Of course, it is not inconceivable that by incorporating a complicated switchback mechanism or a sheet inverting path in the sheet conveying path, the finisher is enabled to change mechanically the direction of sheet, depending on the selection between the right binding and the left binding, insert the sheets delivered in the selected direction into the special cover, and bind the cover. This measure, however, entails the problem of enlarging the apparatus and increasing the cost thereof.
Among the finishers of this class are included those which are provided with a sheet folding device capable of folding a discharged image-bearing sheet doubly in the central part thereof. The finisher which is provided with such a sheet folding device is enabled to fold a sheet doubly in the central part thereof and perform a stapling treatment on the edge part of the folded sheet to effect covered binding.
When a plurality of sheets are subjected to the covered binding, they may be bound on the right side (right binding) as illustrated in FIG. 30A or on the left side (left binding) as illustrated in FIG. 30B, when viewed from the front side of sheet. Also in the case of this covered binding, more often than not the documents having characters longitudinally arranged are bound on the right side and the documents having characters laterally arranged are bound on the left side.
In the case of the covered binding, however, while the sheets in a doubly folded state produce covered binding when they are found in the edge part, they produce no covered binding as illustrated in FIG. 31 when they are found on the opposite side, namely on the side forming a crease of fold. The right binding or the left binding cannot be arbitrarily selected simply by changing the sides to be bound.
A method for very simply solving this problem attendant on the covered binding as described above, for example, resides in providing a copying machine capable of copying original documents set therein sequentially from the first page onward with a finisher capable of giving each of the sheets the covered binding in the left binding. The copying machine, when operated to copy the original documents set therein sequentially from the last page backward, produces documents of the covered binding in the right binding. In this case, however, since the staples plunge into the bundle of sheets from the last page side as illustrated in FIG. 32, they give rise to the problem that the folded shanks of these staples finally rest on the front side of the first page and impair the appearance of the finished document. Further, the person engaging in the manual operation of the copying machine is compelled to do the work of rearranging all the original documents for printing. Thus, the automation of the covered binding possibly entails the problem of rather lowering the operational efficiency.
One object of this invention, therefore, resides in providing an image forming apparatus incorporating therein a finisher capable of binding a plurality of sheets by the use of a special cover having a fusible adhesive agent applied in advance to the part of the back, the finisher therefore enabling the apparatus to effect arbitrarily the right binding or the left binding on a document.
Another object of this invention consists in providing an image forming apparatus which is capable of arbitrarily effecting the right binding or the left binding on a bundle of sheets subjected to the covered binding without impairing the appearance of the document finished with the covered binding.
To accomplish the objects described above, this invention is directed to an image forming apparatus comprising an image data memory device for memorizing image data to be emitted on a sheet, an image processing device for changing the direction in which an image memorized in the image data memory device is emitted onto the sheet, an image producing device for producing an image on the sheet from the image data, a sheet accumulating device disposed on the downstream side of a conveying path for sheets emanating from the image producing device and adapted to accumulate a plurality of the emanating sheets, a cover storing device for storing a plurality of covers each having a fusible adhesive agent applied to the inside of the part of the back, a cover delivering device for extracting the covers one by one from the cover storing device, a cover supporting device for supporting severally the covers delivered from the cover delivering device in an opened state, a sheet delivering and inserting device for conveying the plurality of sheets from the sheet accumulating device and inserting them into the cover supported in an opened state by the cover supporting device, a heating device for warming the part of the back of the cover having inserted therein the plurality of sheets conveyed by the sheet conveying device thereby melting the fusible adhesive agent and inducing adhesion of the plurality of sheets to the cover, and a control device for controlling the image processing device so as to change the direction of the image emitted onto the sheet, depending on whether the sheets are to be joined to the cover on the right binding or the left binding.
To attain the objects mentioned above, this invention is directed to an image forming apparatus comprising an image reading device for reading an image on an original document, an image data memory device for memorizing as image data the image read by the image reading device, an image data processing device for processing the image data memorized by the image data memory device so as to change the direction of the image and the order of emission of the image on the basis of the image data thereby causing the image to be emitted as required onto a sheet, an output device for emitting the image data processed by the image data processing device onto the sheet, a sheet folding device for folding at least doubly the sheet emitted from the output device, an accumulating device for accumulating a plurality of sheets folded by the sheet folding device, a stapling device for binding a bundle of sheets accumulated by the accumulating device, and a controlling device for preparatorily selecting the position of binding to be used by the stapling device between the right binding and the left binding and then controlling the image data processing device so as to change the direction of the image and the order of emission of the image on the sheet, so as to enable the stapling treatment to be performed in the right binding or the left binding as selected.
Further to fulfill the objects mentioned above, the present invention is directed to an image forming apparatus comprising an image data memory device for memorizing image date to be emitted onto a sheet, an image processing device for changing the direction in which an image memorized by the image data memory device is emitted on the sheet, an image producing device for producing an image on the sheet from the image data, a sheet conveying device for conveying sheets into a cover, and a controlling device for controlling the image processing device so as to change the direction of the image emitted on the sheet, depending on the direction in which the sheets are received in the cover between the right binding and the left binding.
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating the construction of a copying machine and a finisher which embody the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram to aid in the description of a control system for the copying machine and the finisher.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating one example of an operating panel mounted on the copying machine.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the construction of the finisher.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the construction of a sheet folding device provided for the finisher.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the construction of a stapling device provided for the finisher.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the construction of a binding device provided for the finisher.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing the procedure of an image processing during the copying and binding operation in the copying machine.
FIG. 9 is a diagram to aid in the description of the operation of reading an original document in the copying machine.
FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagrams to aid in the description of the layout of memory of image data read out in the copying machine and a control table for controlling the memory layout.
FIG. 11 is a diagram to aid in the description of an output designation table for the right binding.
FIG. 12 is a diagram to aid in the description of the result of a sheet emission in the right binding.
FIG. 13 is a diagram to aid in the description of an output designating table in the left binding.
FIG. 14 is a diagram to aid in the description of the result of a sheet emission in the left binding.
FIG. 15 is a main flow chart illustrating the procedure of an image processing during the copying and covered binding operation in the copying machine.
FIG. 16 is a flow chart of a processing routine for the compilation in covered binding shown in the main flow chart.
FIG. 17 is a diagram to aid in the description of the 2-in-1 reading of original documents in the copying machine.
FIGS. 18A and 18B are diagrams to aid in the description of a control table for effecting memory layout of the image data read out in the mode of 2-in-1 and management of the memory layout in the copying machine.
FIG. 19 is a diagram to aid in the description of an output designating table in the 2-in-1 right binding.
FIGS. 20A and 20B are diagrams to aid in the description of the result of a sheet emission in the 2-in-1 right binding and the result after the sheet folding.
FIG. 21 is a diagram to aid in the description of an output designating table in the 2-in-1 left binding.
FIGS. 22A and 22B are diagrams to aid in the description of the result of a sheet emission in the 2-in-1 left binding and the result after the sheet folding.
FIG. 23 is a diagram to aid in the description of the reading of an original document in the 1-in-1 mode in the copying machine.
FIGS. 24A and 24B are diagrams to aid in the description of a control table for effecting memory layout of the image data read out in the mode of 1-in-1 and management of the memory layout in the copying machine.
FIG. 25 is a diagram to aid in the description of an output designating table in the 1-in-1 right binding.
FIG. 26 is a diagram to aid in the description of an output designating table in the 1-in-1 left binding.
FIG. 27 is a subroutine flow chart for automatic selection between the right binding and the left binding.
FIGS. 28A and 28B are diagrams to aid in the description of an operation of detecting the horizontal or the lateral arrangement of characters in an original document.
FIGS. 29A and 29B are diagrams to aid in the description of the right binding and the left binding of a document finished by binding.
FIGS. 30A and 30B are diagrams to aid in the description of the right covered binding or the left covered binding of a document.
FIG. 31 is a diagram to aid in the description of an inconvenience encountered in the right covered binding or the left covered binding of a document.
FIG. 32 is a diagram to aid in the description of an inconvenience encountered in the right covered binding or the left covered binding of a document.
In the following, the construction of a copying machine having a finisher mounted therein, the construction of the finisher, and the basic operations thereof will be described first. Then, binding operation and covered binding operation in the copying machine having the finisher mounted therein will be described.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram to aid in the description of the whole construction of a copying machine having a finisher mounted therein and FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a control system.
A copying machine 10 is what is called a digital copying machine. It broadly comprises a scanning system 810 for reading an original document to be copied, an image signal processing part 820 for processing the image data read out, and an optical system 860 and an image producing system 870 for emitting the image data read out onto a sheet. An automatic document feeder (ADF) 850 for conveying the original document to be copied and optionally inverting the original document upside down is installed on the copying machine 10 and an operating panel OP for issuing commands such as an operating mode necessary for the various image compiling treatments to be performed by the copying machine 10 and a number of copies to be produced is disposed on the upper side of the copying machine 10.
Then, on this copying machine 10, a finisher 1 furnished with a sheet folding device 2, a stapling device 3, a binding device 5, and a punching device 7 as described herein below are mounted.
A control system for controlling the operation of the whole copying machine (inclusive of the ADF 850 and the finisher 1), as illustrated in FIG. 2, is composed of a copying machine grade CPU 910 for controlling the copying machine 10, an ADF grade CPU 950 for controlling the ADF 850, and a finisher grade CPU 980 for controlling the finisher 1. The CPU's are each provided with ROM's 911, 951, and 981 memorizing programs necessary severally for their functions and RAM's 912, 952, and 982 to be severally used by the CPU's for fulfilling various processings.
To the copying machine grade CPU 910 are connected the operating panel OP and the image signal processing part 820. The components of the copying machine 10 are operated by the commands from this copying machine grade CPU 910. Then, to the image signal processing part 820 are connected a CCD sensor 816 through the medium of an A/D converter 821 and a laser beam source 862 of the image producing system through the medium of a D/A converter 831. Further, an image memory 825 for memorizing an image data to be read out is mounted on the image signal processing part 820.
Now, the functions and operations of the components of the copying machine 10 will be described in detail below.
First, original documents set on an original document tray 815 of the ADF 850 are conveyed one by one to a prescribed position on a platen glass 818 in response to the command of the ADF grade CPU 950. After the original documents are read by the scanning system 810, they are discharged onto a discharged sheet tray on the ADF 850. The original documents are conveyed as original document conveying rollers 851, 852, 853, and 854 and a conveying belt 855 are driven.
During this conveyance of the original document, the size of this original document is detected based on the times at which a sensor SE51 installed in the ADF 850 is turned ON and OFF. The signals from the sensor SE51 are transmitted through the medium of the ADF grade CPU 950 to the copying machine grade CPU 910.
The scanning system 810 scans and reads the image on an original document as a scanner 819 driven by a scanner motor (not shown) is moved below the platen glass 818, an exposure lamp 811 mounted on the scanner 819 projects a beam of light on the original document laid on the platen glass 818, and a CCD 816 as a photoelectric converting element receives the reflected beam of light from the original document. This scanning system 810 relies on the copying machine grade CPU 910 to adjust the timing to drive the scanner 819 for the purpose of accomplishing the conveyance of the original document mentioned above and then the scanning of the original document so conveyed.
The signal which results from the photoelectric conversion performed by the CCD 816 of the scanning system 810 is converted by the A/D converter into a digital signal so as to be handled as digital data and introduced into the image signal processing part 820. In the image signal processing part 820, the digital signal is subjected to such image quality corrections as shading correction, modulation transfer function (MTF) correction, and gamma correction. The image data resulting from the image quality corrections is memorized in the form of code data in the image memory 825. Then, on the basis of the memorized image data, such image compilations as enlargement, contraction, and rotation of an image are carried out in compliance with an instruction from the copying machine grade CPU 910 as described herein below.
The image memory 825 is divided into a plurality of memory areas, allowed to memorize the code data which is a contracted image data, and enabled to effect simultaneous control of writing and reading. The memorized code data is managed by a managing table MT. The management of the image data will be described afterward in a paragraph referring to an image compiling treatment.
Such operations as the enlargement or contraction of an image and the rotation of an image are executed while the copying machine grade CPU 910 reads the code data memorized in the image memory 825 through the medium of the image signal processing part 820 and prints out the data with reference to an output designating table as will be explained herein below.
The image data which has undergone the image quality corrections and necessary image processing and compilation at the image signal processing part 820 is extracted from the image signal processing part 820 in response to the instruction of the copying machine grade CPU 910 based on the output designating table which will be described specifically herein below, converted into an analog data by the D/A converter 831, utilized to drive the semiconductor laser 862 in the optical system 860, and printed out in the form of an image on a sheet by a developing and transferring system 871 of the image producing system 870 by virtue of the laser beam from the semiconductor laser 862.
Incidentally, the optical system 860 is composed of the semiconductor laser 862, a polygon mirror 865 for deflecting the laser beam, and a reflecting mirror 867 and the image producing system 870 is composed of the developing and transferring system 871, a conveying system 880 for conveying a sheet, and a fixing system 873 for fixing the image. The developing and transferring system 871 is composed of a photosensitive drum 871a, an electric charger 871b, a developer 871c for storing a developer and supplying a toner to the photosensitive drum 871a, a transfer charger (not shown) for transferring a toner image on the photosensitive drum 871a onto the sheet, a separating charger (not shown) for separating the sheet from the photosensitive drum 871a, a cleaning blade (not shown) for removing the unnecessary toner, etc.
The conveying system 880 is composed of cassettes 881 and 882 for storing sheets, a sheet guide 883, a timing roller 884, etc. The sheets stored in the sheet cassettes 881 and 882 have prescribed sizes of their own depending on the sheet cassettes which hold the sheets. The sheet sizes, therefore, are rated by the cassettes to be selected for storing the sheets. Though the case, depicted above, uses two sheet cassettes, it is permissible to use still more sheet cassettes.
A fixing system 873 is composed of a fixing roller 874 for conveying a sheet while applying heat and pressure thereto, a discharging roller 875, and a discharge sensor (not shown) for detecting the discharge of the sheet.
The printed out sheet is forwarded from the sheet discharging part 10b to the finisher 1 which will be described specifically herein below.
The operating panel OP mounted on the copying machine 10, as illustrated in FIG. 3, is composed of a print key op1 for indicating the start of a copying operation, a ten key op2 for designating the number of copies, a liquid crystal display touch panel op3 for effecting display of messages and various settings, a select key op4 for selecting the form of binding a copied sheet and display lamps op4a, op4b, op4c, op4d, and op4e for indicating the state of the select key op4, a folding select key op5 for indicating the manner of folding a sheet and display lamps op5a and op5b for displaying the manner of folding, a bind key op6 for designating the binding, a punch key op7 for designating the manner of punching, a staple key op8 for designating the manner of stapling, etc. Various designations are emitted by proper combination of the operations of these keys. The binding is designated, for example, by depressing the bind key op6 and further manipulating the select key op4 for selecting between the right binding and the left binding. To effect the binding after a stapling treatment, the bind key op6 and the staple key op8 are depressed and further the select key op4 is manipulated to select between the right binding and the left binding to designate the binding in question. In the case of the covered binding, the select key op4 is manipulated to select between the right covered binding and the left covered binding. The stapling treatment alone is designated by the depression of the staple key op7 and the binding treatment is designated by depressing the bind key op6.
The control of the operating panel OP is attained by the copying machine grade CPU 910. The copying machine grade CPU 910 discerns inputs through the varying operating keys, executes relevant treatments, and produces the statuses of the treatments and various messages on the liquid crystal panel op3. In the case of binding, for example, a binding device which will be described specifically herein below is operated to prepare for binding sheets under the control of the finisher grade CPU 980.
The above are the basic functions and operations of the copying machine 10.
<<General structure of finisher>>
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the construction of the finisher part. A finisher 1, as illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, generally comprises a non-sorting tray 11a and a sheet accumulating part 11b for accumulating and aligning sheets P discharged from a sheet discharging part 10b of the copying machine 10, a sheet folding device 2 for optionally folding the sheet P discharged from the sheet discharging part 10b either doubly or triply in a cross section like a letter Z (hereinafter referred to as "Z-folding"), a stapling device 3 disposed on the downstream side of the sheet accumulating part 11b in the direction of conveyance of sheet and adapted to perform a stapling treatment on the accumulated and aligned sheets P, a sorting part 4 for receiving for storage a bundle of sheets resulting from the stapling treatment, a binding device 5 for attaching a cover to the bundle of sheets which has or has not undergone the stapling treatment, and a punching device 7 disposed in the sheet conveying path and adapted to punch the sheet P optionally. The sheets P discharged from the copying machine 10 are conveyed by the sheet conveying part 6 to various devices in the finisher 1.
<<Sheet conveying part>>
The sheet conveying part 6, as illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, comprises a conveying path 61 for receiving the sheet P from the sheet discharging part 10b of the copying machine 10 and conveying it downward, a switchback conveying path 62 for inverting the sheet P longitudinally and upside down, a conveying path 63 for conveying the sheet P to non-sorting tray 11a, a conveying path 64 branched from the conveying path 63 and adapted to convey the sheet P to the sheet accumulating part 11b, a conveying path 65 branched nearly from the starting part of the conveying path 63 and adapted to convey the sheet P to the binding device 5 or the sorting part 4, and a conveying path 66 for conveying a bundle of sheets from the sheet accumulating part 11b to the sorting part 4 or the binding device 5. The sheet P is conveyed on the basis of the center of each of the conveying paths.
To be more specific, the conveying path 61 comprises paired conveying rollers 611, 612, and 613 as illustrated in FIG. 4. The switchback conveying path 62 comprises a conveying roller 621 capable of normal and reverse rotation, a follower roller 622 held in contact with the conveying roller 621 and enabled to rotate by following the conveying roller 621, paired conveying rollers 623 and 624 for conveying the sheet P which has been switched back to the conveying path 63, the conveying path 64, or the conveying path 65, and a sensor SE1 for detecting a sheet P.
The sheet P which has been conveyed down the conveying path 61 is first introduced into the switchback conveying path 62. When no folding is required, for example, the conveying roller 621 is switched to reverse rotation and the sheet P is conveyed upward from the switchback conveying path 62 to the conveying path 63 when a prescribed time passes after the detection of the trailing end of the sheet P by the sensor SE1 , namely when the trailing end of the sheet P enters the conveying path 62.
The conveying path 63 is provided with paired conveying rollers 631, 632, 633, and 634 and paired discharging rollers 635. When the formation of a punched hole is designated, the punching device 7 punches a hole in the leading end part or the trailing end part of the sheet P.
The conveying path 64 is provided with a switch claw 641 for switching the destinations of the conveyance of the sheet P, paired conveying rollers 642, and paired discharging rollers 643 and adapted to discharge the sheet P into the non-sorting tray 11a or the sheet accumulating part 11b.
The conveying path 65 is provided with a switch claw 651 for switching the destinations of the conveyance of the sheet P and paired conveying rollers 652 and adapted to guide the sheet P directly to the binding device 5 or the sorting part 4 instead of conveying the sheet P to the sheet accumulating part 11b.
The switch claws 641 and 651 are severally rotated by solenoids (not shown) of their own. The sheet P which has been delivered through the switchback conveying path 62 is guided by the switch claw 651 to either of the conveying paths 63 and 65.
The sheets P which have been accumulated and aligned by the sheet accumulating part 11b are optionally subjected to the stapling treatment. When they are discharged without any further treatment, they are guided to the sorting part 4 through the conveying path 66 which has a relatively large dimension. In contrast, when they are to be bound, they are optionally subjected to the stapling treatment and then guided to the binding device 5 through the conveying path 66.
The conveying path 66 is provided with paired conveying rollers 661, 662, and 663 which are each enabled to be mutually separated and is further provided at the leading end thereof with a discharging roller 664.
<<Sorting part>>
The sorting part 4, as illustrated in FIG. 4, comprises a sorting tray 41 and a drive mechanism 42 for elevating the tray 41. During the production of numerous copied sheets, numerous sheets P are delivered one by one via the conveying path 65 or a bundle of numerous sheets forwarded from the sheet accumulating part 11b to the stapling device 3 and subjected therein to the stapling treatment is delivered via the conveying path 66 to this sorting tray 41. The lone sheet P or the bundle of sheets conveyed via the conveying path 65 or the conveying path 66 are guided by the switch claw 665 to the tray 41 or to the binding device 5.
Each time each of the sheets P received and accumulated in the tray 41 is detected by a sensor SE2, the tray 41 is lowered in a prescribed amount by the drive mechanism 42. When a sensor SE3 detects the fact that the tray 41 has descended to the lower limit, the copying operation is discontinued because the tray 41 is filled with the sheets to its full capacity. Since the construction of the drive mechanism 42 which lowers the tray 41 in the prescribed amount is widely known, it will be omitted from further description.
<<Sheet folding device>>
The sheet folding device 2, as illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5, is installed directly below the sheet conveying part 6 and is endowed with a function of doubly folding a sheet P bearing a formed image in the central part thereof in the direction of conveyance, a function of opening a doubly folded sheet P and imparting a crease of fold in the central part thereof, and a function of imparting a Z-folding to a sheet P.
It is three sheet folding rollers 21, 22, and 23 capable of normal and reverse rotation and a backup roller 24 that fulfill the central roles of the sheet folding device 2. The sheet P is delivered by a plurality of sheet conveying paths 25-29 which center around these rollers 21-24.
Now, the sheet folding will be given a general description.
The sheet folding device 2 is endowed with two sheet folding modes which are selected thereamong by the manipulation of the operating panel OP of the copying machine proper 10.
Z-folding mode
This mode consists in folding a sheet P in a cross section like a letter Z. The sheet P emitted from the sheet discharging part 10b and delivered through the conveying paths 61 and 62, as illustrated in FIG. 5, is conveyed by the paired switchback rollers 621 and 622 and passed through the switching member 251 and forwarded in the direction of the first conveying path 25. It is temporarily stopped by the sheet folding roller 22 and the backup roller 24 which are currently not in motion. Then, as the sheet folding roller 22 is set driving, the sheet P is conveyed until it collides against a stopper 252 which is set at a prescribed position. The sheet P, on colliding against the stopper 252, is caused to form a loop in the vicinity of the sheet folding rollers 21 and 22. The first folding of the sheet P is effected as the loop is engulfed by the nip of the sheet folding rollers 21 and 22.
The sheet P on which the first folding is completed is conveyed to the second conveying path 27 by the switching motion of a switching member 271 prompted by the signal of the copying machine 10 designating a Z-folding and advanced until it collides against a stopper 272. The sheet P stopped by the stopper 272 is caused to form a loop in the vicinity of the folding rollers 21 and 23. The second folding is effected as this loop is engulfed by the nip of the folding rollers 21 and 23. The sheet P which has acquired a Z-folding in consequence of the second folding is conveyed to the third conveying path 28 and further conveyed in the direction of the switchback conveying path 29, at which it is diverted by the inversion of the paired switchback rollers 291 and forwarded in the direction of the conveying path 63.
Double folding mode
This mode consists in doubly folding a sheet P in the central part thereof and is adopted in the case of a covered binding. In this mode, the first folding is effected through the same process as in the Z-folding mode excepting that the position of the first stopper 252 is different from that during the first folding operation in the Z-folding mode. The sheet P on which the first folding is completed is directly conveyed to the nip of the folding rollers 21 and 23 because the switching member 271 seated at the entrance to the second conveying path 27 is not rotated so as to guide the sheet P to the second conveying path 27. In short, when the sheet P is passed through the sheet folding rollers 21 and 22 and then immediately engulfed in the nip of the sheet folding rollers 21 and 23, it is conveyed without any other treatment to the third conveying path 28 and then advanced to the switchback conveying path 29, at which it is diverted by the paired switchback rollers 291 and consequently conveyed in the direction of the conveying path 63 similarly in the Z-folding mode. The side of the doubly folded sheet P which forms a crease of fold faces downward in the bearings of the diagram and the end part of the sheet P faces upward while the sheet is being conveyed. Incidentally, this double folding mode is not limited to the covered binding but is applicable to the center binding of the type used for a weekly magazine as well.
<<Stapling device>>
The stapling device 3, as illustrated in FIG. 4 and FIG. 6, consists in subjecting the sheet P emanating from the conveying path 64 mentioned above to an aligning treatment at the sheet accumulating part 11b and then performing a stapling treatment on the bundle of sheets at a prescribed position. It comprises a head unit 31 serving the purpose of ejecting a staple and an anvil unit 32 serving the purpose of receiving and bending the ejected staple.
The sheet accumulating part 11b aligns the sheets P in the lateral direction as the leading end stopper 12a receives and aligns the leading ends (trailing ends as viewed from the direction of discharge into the tray 12) of the sheets P discharged onto the tray 12 and a lateral aligning plate 13 reciprocates in a direction perpendicular to the direction of conveyance. Then, a first chuck device 14a and a second chuck device 14b take hold of the lateral part of the sheet P each time the sheet P is accumulated and aligned one by one and prevent the sheet P from floating up and, after the final sheet P is accumulated and aligned, the first chuck device 14a takes hold of a bundle of sheets and delivers it in the direction of the stapling device 3.
The head unit 31 severs the individual staples of a staple cartridge 311 one by one and thrusts them in the direction of the anvil unit 32 as a staple severing and bending member 312 is actuated through the medium of a cam link mechanism 316 which is driven by a motor M1. The anvil unit 32 is provided with a staple receiving member 321 serving the purpose of bending the staple in the shape of three sides of a square and binding the bundle of sheets. Since the functions of the head unit 31 and the anvil unit 32 belong to public domain (Japanese Patent Application No. 08-66,143, for example, refers), they will be omitted from further description.
The position for driving a staple in a direction perpendicular to the direction h of conveyance of sheet is attained by mounting the head unit 31 on two guide shafts 313 and 314 so as to be slid freely thereon and, at the same time, adapting the head unit 31 so as to be moved by causing a spiral shaft 315 laid in a direction perpendicular to the direction h of conveyance of sheet to be normally and reversely rotated by a stepping motor M2 and mounting the anvil unit 32 on two guide shafts 322 and 323 so as to be freely slide thereon and adapting the anvil unit 32 so as to be moved in a direction perpendicular to the direction h of conveyance of sheet in consequence of the normal and reverse rotation of a spiral axis 324 driven by a stepping motor M3.
The position for driving the staple in the direction of conveyance of sheet is decided by the motion imparted by the first chuck device 14a. The stapling treatment, therefore, can be performed on either the leading end or the trailing end of the bundle of accumulated sheets, depending on the amount of advance of the first chuck device 14a. When the bundle of doubly folded sheets is to be bound, the bundle is pushed out until the end part of the bundle (the leading end as viewed from the direction of discharge into the tray 12) reaches the position of the head unit 31.
The bundle of sheets, after undergoing the stapling treatment, is nipped by the paired conveying rollers 661 which can be separated from each other and then conveyed by the conveying path 66.
The binding device 5 serves the purpose of bundling copied sheets and pasting the bundle by the use of a commercially available cover. This binding device 5, as illustrated in FIG. 1, FIG. 4, and FIG. 7, comprises a cover storing part 51 for storing a plurality of commercially available binding covers, a cover conveying part 52 for extracting the covers C one by one from the cover storing part 51 and putting them to conveyance, a sheet inserting part 53 for holding the covers C conveyed from the cover conveying part 52 in an opened state, a sheet conveying part 54 for inserting a bundle of sheets conveyed inside the conveying path 67 into a cover C, a heating part 55 for performing a heating treatment on the cover C which has admitted the sheet C at the sheet inserting part 53, and a discharging part 56 for discharging the bound cover C out of the binding device and receiving it for storage therein. Owing to this construction, the bundle of sheets which has been aligned in the sheet accumulating part 11b is forwarded, either without any further treatment or after undergoing the stapling treatment, to the binding device 5 via the conveying paths 66 and 67 and subjected to the binding treatment. Otherwise, the sheets are subjected to the sheet folding treatment by the sheet folding device 2 and then forwarded one by one via the conveying path 65 to the binding device 5, piled, and subjected to the binding treatment.
The cover storing part 51 comprises a switch door 511, a cover retaining member 514, and lower holding guides 512 and 513 and allows the covers C to be stored therein in an opened state, namely in the shape of a letter V (as illustrated in FIG. 4).
The cover conveying part 52 comprises a pickup roller 521 for permitting collision thereagainst of the back face of the cover C held therein and conveying the leading end of the cover C, a roller pressing member 522 for pressing the pickup roller 521 against the cover C, paired riffling rollers 523 for conveying only one cover C at a time, a front riffling member 524 disposed in the upstream of the paired riffling rollers 523, a cover detecting device 525 disposed in the downstream of the paired riffling rollers 523, paired cover conveying rollers 526 disposed in the downstream of the paired riffling rollers 523, and cover conveying guides 527 and 528 so constructed as to connect the cover storing part 51 and the sheet inserting part 53.
The sheet inserting part 53 is composed of guide plates 531, 532, 533, and 534 jointly forming an empty space of the shape of an inverted triangle for the insertion of sheet, paired cover resisting rollers 535 disposed below the empty space for the insertion of sheet, a leading end stopper 536 disposed above the empty space for the insertion of sheet in the direction of conveyance of the cover, and a lateral aligning member 537 disposed inside the empty space for the insertion of sheet above the paired cover resisting rollers 535.
The leading end of the cover C which has been conveyed from the cover conveying part 52 advances upward along the guide plate 532 and collides against the leading end stopper 536. As the cover C is further conveyed, the back part of the cover C is bent downward and passed between the guides 531 and 532 until the lower end thereof is stopped by the paired cover resisting rollers 535.
After the elapse of a prescribed time after the detection of the passage of the back part of the cover C by a cover detecting device 538 disposed above the paired cover resisting rollers 535 (at the time that the back part of the cover C collides against the upper sides of the paired cover resisting rollers 535 and the trailing end of the cover C exists in the upstream of the paired cover conveying rollers 526), at least the upper roller of the paired cover conveying rollers 526 is retreated out of the boundary of the cover conveying path.
In consequence of the retreat of the cover conveying roller 526 and by dint of the nerve of the front side of the cover C, the trailing end of the cover C is engaged with a depressed part 527a of the cover conveying guide 527 and the position of the trailing end of the cover C is consequently fixed. As a result, the cover C is set in the sheet inserting part 53 with the back part thereof mounted in the shape of a letter V on the paired cover resisting rollers 535 as indicated by a broken line in the diagram.
After the cover C has been set on the sheet inserting part 53, the lateral aligning member 537 is moved in a direction perpendicular to the direction of conveyance of the cover and enabled to press the end face of the cover C against an aligning basis plate (not shown) disposed as opposed to the lateral aligning member 537 and fix the position of the end face.
The sheet conveying part 54 is provided in the conveying path 67 extended to the upper part of the paired cover resisting rollers 535 with paired conveying rollers 541 for conveying a bundle of sheets to the sheet inserting part 53 and a detecting device 543 for detecting the bundle of sheets in the conveying path 67. The bundle of sheets conveyed by the paired conveying rollers 541, therefore, is allowed to fall under its own weight into the cover C which is opened upwardly in the sheet inserting part 53. This gravitational fall serves the purpose of aligning the joined end parts of the sheets.
The heating part 55 is composed of a heating plate 551 for heating the back part of the cover C set on the sheet inserting part 53, a heater 552 disposed below the heating plate 551, a reflecting plate 553 encircling the lower part of the heater 552 and shaped to concentrate the heat of the heater 52 on the heating plate 551, a heater supporting plate 554 for integrally supporting the heating plate 551, the heater 552, and the reflecting plate 553, an insulating member 555 mounted as a shield on the heater supporting plate 554, and a temperature detecting device 556.
In the sheet inserting part 53, as the bundle of sheets is inserted into the cover C, the paired cover conveying rollers 526 press the end part of the cover C and at least one of the paired cover resisting rollers 535 retreats from the empty space for the insertion of sheet. Then, the paired cover resisting rollers 535 are rotated normally and, at the same time, the paired cover conveying rollers 523 are rotated to forward the cover C and the bundle of sheets to the heating part 55 below the sheet inserting part 53, stop the driving of the paired cover conveying rollers 526 and the paired cover resisting rollers 535, separate the paired cover conveying rollers 526 from each other, and cause the paired cover resisting rollers 535 to press the cover C and the bundle of sheets. This operation further aligns the end part of the bundle of sheets inside the cover C.
After the aligning operation is completed, the back part of the cover C on the heating plate 551 is heated at a proper temperature for a prescribed period with the cover C and the bundle of sheets kept under the pressure of the paired cover resisting rollers 535. Consequently, the adhesive agent applied fast to the back part of the cover C is melted and the cover C is joined by adhesion to the bundle of sheets. Thereafter, at the time that has been predicted as infallibly terminating the adhesion of the cover C and the bundle of sheets, the cover C and the bundle of sheets are discharged by normally rotating the paired cover resisting rollers 535.
The discharging part 56 is composed of a discharging guide 561, a blocking plate 562, and a discharging tray 563. The cover C which has been conveyed from the heating part 55 slides down the surface of the inclined discharging guide 561 under its own weight and is received in the discharging tray 563.
The above is the construction of the finisher.
<<Binding operation>>
The binding operation produced in the copying machine furnished with the finisher described above will be explained below.
FIG. 8 is a main flow chart showing the copying and binding operation. The original documents set in the ADF 850 are sequentially conveyed from the first page onward and passed through the steps of reading an image and introducing the read image into the machine (S1). The introduced image data is stored in the image memory 825 (S2). Consequently, a managing table MT for managing the layout of the image data in the memory is produced (S3). The operation of S1-S3 mentioned above is executed on all the original documents set in the ADF 850 (S4).
Then, the judgment about the mode of binding, between the right binding and the left binding, is effected (S5) in response to a designation from the operating panel OP. When the right binding has been selected, the present embodiment designates a rotation of the image by 180° (S10), depending on the construction of the conveying paths and the construction of the binding device, and advances the process to the production of an output designation table (S6). In contrast, when the right binding has not been selected (or the left binding has been selected), the process is moved without any treatment to the production of an output designation table (S6). The production of the output designation table will be specifically described herein below.
Then, a print is produced on a sheet based on a designation of the produced output designation table (S7). The sheet on which the print is produced is placed for storage in the sheet accumulating part 11b. The sheets stored are examined to judge whether or not all the pertinent original documents have been printed out (S8) and, when the judgment is affirmative, they are bound by the binding device 5 mentioned above (S9).
This compilation of images has bearing on the direction in which the copying machine reads the images and the direction in which the sheets are conveyed during the course of printing.
First, as respects the direction in which the images are read out, the original documents in the present embodiment are read out by being scanned in the main scanning direction and the auxiliary scanning direction indicated in FIG. 9. The image data, therefore, is memorized in the image memory 825 such that the part indicated in the diagram as the starting point for reading is memorized as the first address and the part indicated as the terminating point for reading is memorized as the last address. Here, the main scanning direction is the direction in which the picture elements (photodiodes) of the CCD 816 are arranged and the auxiliary scanning direction is the direction in which the scanner 819 is moved.
The image data thus read out of each of the original documents, A4 in size of sheet, is stored in each of the plurality of areas produced by dividing the image memory 825 as shown in FIG. 10A. The image data thus stored in the areas in the image memory 825 is managed by the managing table MT. The managing table MT, as illustrated in FIG. 10B, stores the numbers designating the areas in the image memory 825, the original document serial numbers assigned sequentially to the original documents to be introduced, the numbers of connected areas, and, as additional information, various types of information necessary for the treatments of contraction and elongation such as the mode of contraction and the length of data. The former connection shown in FIG. 10B indicates the connection in the forward direction and the fact that the pertinent area is or is not the first area when one introduced original document is memorized in two or more areas, the two digits, "00", denoting the first area and other two digits denoting the numbers of the respectively preceding areas. By the same token, the latter connection indicates the connection in the backward direction and the fact that the pertinent area is or is not the last area, the two alphabetic characters, "FF", denoting the last area and other two digits denoting the numbers of the following areas. In the present case, the former connections are invariably denoted by "00" and the latter connection by "IFF" because the image data of one original document, A4 in size of sheet, is completely stored in one area.
It is the output designating table produced at the step S6 mentioned above that is referred to when the image data thus memorized is printed out.
First, in the output designating table used in the case of the right binding mode, the image data read out of the original documents is arranged in response to the designation of 180° rotation of image issued at the step S10 mentioned above so as to be emitted sequentially from the area 01 storing No. 1 as the order of reading the original documents and the designation of 180° rotation is memorized as additional information in each of the areas, as illustrated in FIG. 11.
The printing of the image data is carried out on the basis of this output designating table. The output in this case is an inverted image as illustrated in FIG. 12. In this embodiment, therefore, the image is produced in the normal position on the sheet such that the end part on the right side of the sheet hits the part of the back of the cover. At this time, the images are printed out as rotated by 180° when the image data for the printing is read out sequentially from the last address backward.
Incidentally, in the output designating table illustrated in the diagram, the number of the former connection to be designated is "00" when a plurality of areas exist for the production of images on one sheet and no number exists for an area to be used before that. Then, the number of the latter connection to be designated is "FF" when a plurality of areas exist for the production of images on one sheet and no number exists for an area to be used after that.
Then, in the left binding mode, since no designation is made as for the rotation of an image, the output designating table to be produced is such that the image data is simply arranged so as to be emitted sequentially from the area 01 memorizing No. 1 as the order of reading the original documents as illustrated in FIG. 13. In the sheet which is printed consequently, the image is normally positioned as illustrated in FIG. 14. The sheet on which the image is normally positioned is produced such that the left side edge part thereof collides against the part of the back of the cover.
As a result, the right binding and the left binding illustrated respectively in FIG. 29A and FIG. 29B can be attained arbitrarily and easily.
Though Embodiment 1, as described above, provides a copying machine with a finisher, this invention does not preclude the provision of a finisher for a printer which is connected to a computer, for example. In this case, the choice between the right binding and the left binding can be easily attained by changing the direction of the image emitted from the printer so as to suit the right binding or the left binding.
Now, the operation of covered binding which embodies this invention will be described below. Since the copying machines provided with a finisher and used in Embodiment 2 is identical with that used in Embodiment 1, the constructions of the finisher and the copying machine will be omitted from the following description. The description which follows, therefore, concerns exclusively the operation of covered binding.
FIG. 15 is a main flow chart of the operation of copying and covered binding. First, the original documents set in the ADF 850 are sequentially forwarded from the first page and the images thereon are read out and introduced as required (S11). The image data thus introduced are memorized in the image memory 825 (S12). The managing table MT (FIG. 10 refers) for managing the layout of the image data in the memory is consequently produced (S13). The operations of S11-S13 mentioned above are executed on each of the original documents set in the ADF 850 (S14).
The image data memorized in the image memory 825 is subjected to a compiling treatment for the purpose of the covered binding (S15). The compiling treatment for the covered binding will be specifically described herein below. Here, the output designating table to be used in designating the print output depending on the right binding or the left binding is produced.
Next, a print is produced on the sheet on the basis of the designation of output decided by the compiling treatment for the covered binding (S16). The sheet on which the print has been produced is doubly folded by the sheet folding device 2 mentioned above and placed for storage in the sheet accumulating part 11b (S17). Then, the decision whether or not all the original documents have been printed out is made (S18) and, when the judgement is affirmative, the sheets bearing the prints are stapled by the stapling device 3 mentioned above and the stapled booklet is discharged into the tray 41 (S19).
FIG. 16 is a flow chart showing the procedure of the compiling treatment for the covered binding. First, the two modes for the covered binding are subjected to discrimination (S21) The two modes are a mode which consists in copying two original documents on one sheet, doubly folding the sheet, and finishing the folded sheet in covered binding (called 2-in-1) and a mode which consists in copying on one sheet one master original document having two pages of images printed from the beginning on one original document, doubly folding the sheet, and finishing the folded sheet in covered binding (called 1-in-1). The selected mode is set by the touch panel op3 in conjunction with the covered binding mode which is set by the select key op4.
When the judgment confirms the 2-in-1 mode, the decision whether or not the right binding is required is made (S22). When the judgment confirms the right binding, a designation to print images bearing even ordinal numbers first is issued (S23). When the judgment denies the right binding (in the case of the left binding), a designation to print images bearing even ordinal numbers first is issued (S24) and, at the same time, a designation to rotate images by 180° is issued (S25). These designations participate in the production of the output designating table at the step S30.
When the judgment at the step S21 denies the 2-in-1 mode (in the case of the 1-in-1 mode), then a decision whether or not the right binding is required is made (S26). When the judgment confirms the right binding, a designation to print first the images in latter half of the one original document read out, namely the image on the second page of the sheet finished in covered binding, is issued (S27). When the judgment conversely denies the right binding (in the case of the left binding), a designation to print first the images in latter half of the one original document read out is issued (S28) and, at the same time, a designation to rotate the image by 180° is issued (S29). These designations participate in the production of the output designating table at the step S30.
First, as respects the direction in which the images are read out, two original documents in the present embodiment using the 2-in-1 mode are read out sequentially in the order of pages by being scanned in the main scanning direction and the auxiliary scanning direction as illustrated in FIG. 17.
The image data, therefore, is memorized in the image memory 825 such that the part indicated in the diagram as the starting point for reading is memorized as the first address and the part indicated as the terminating point for reading is memorized as the last address. Here, the main scanning direction is the direction in which the images of the CCD 816 are read in and the auxiliary scanning direction is the direction in which the scanner 819 is moved.
The image data thus read out of each of the original documents, A4 in size of sheet, is stored in each of the plurality of areas produced by dividing the image memory 825 as illustrated in FIG. 18A. The image data thus stored in the areas in the image memory 825 is managed by the managing table MT. The managing table MT, as illustrated in FIG. 18B, stores the numbers designating the areas in the image memory 825, the original document serial numbers assigned sequentially to the original documents to be introduced, the numbers of connected areas, and, as additional information, various types of information necessary for the treatments of contraction and elongation such as the mode of contraction and the length of data. The former connection shown in FIG. 18B indicates the connection in the forward direction and the fact that the pertinent area is or is not the first area when one introduced original document is memorized in two or more areas, the two digits, "00", denoting the number of the first area and other two digits denoting the numbers of the respectively preceding areas. By the same token, the latter connection indicates the connection in the backward direction and the fact that the pertinent area is or is not the last area, the two alphabetic characters, "FF", denoting the last area and other two digits denoting the numbers of the following areas. In the present case, the former connections are invariably denoted by "00" and the latter connection by "FF" because the image data of one original document, A4 in size of sheet, is completely stored in one area.
It is the output designating table produced at the step S30 mentioned above that is referred to when the image data thus memorized is printed out.
First, the output designating table used in the case of the 2-in-1 right binding mode issues a designation to print first the area 02 containing the image data of the original document of No. 2 (the former connection "00") and subsequently designates the area 01 containing the original document of No. 1 (the formation of images of one output sheet completed with the latter connection "FF") as illustrated in FIG. 19 because a designation to print first the images bearing even ordinal numbers has been issued as in the procedure of the routine for the treatment of image compilation mentioned above. The number of the former connection to be designated is "00" when a plurality of areas exist for the production of images on one sheet and no number exists for an area to be used before that. Then, the number of the latter connection to be designated is "FF" when a plurality of areas exist for the production of images on one sheet and no number exists for an area to be used after that.
The printing of the image data is carried out on the basis of this output designating table. In the case of the right binding, since the image of the original document of No. 2, namely the second page, in the direction of conveyance of sheet is printed first on one sheet as illustrated in FIG. 20A, the folded sheets are accumulated in the sheet accumulating part 11b of the finisher 1 such that the first page assumes the lowermost position as illustrated in FIG. 20B. A booklet of right binding as illustrated in FIG. 30A is finished when the end parts (the sides having no crease of fold) of the sheets accumulated in the state mentioned above are bound by stapling. At this time, the images do not need to be subjected to a rotating treatment because the starting point of print output (FIG. 20A refers) coincides with the starting point for reading the second page of the original document (FIG. 17 refers). It, therefore, suffices to read the image data of the original documents sequentially from the first address onward and print it out.
The output designating table to be used in the 2-in-1 left binding issues a designation to print first the area 02 containing No. 1 (second page) and subsequently the area 01 containing No. 1 and, at the same time, issues a designation to rotate the image by 180° and change the direction of the image as an additional information for each of the designations, as illustrated in FIG. 21.
As respects the printout, the second page in the direction of conveyance of sheet is first printed on one sheet and the image is inverted in the case of the right binding as illustrated in FIG. 22A. The folded sheets presently bearing the prints are sequentially accumulated in the sheet accumulating part 11b of the finisher 1 such that the first page occupies the lowermost position (the direction of the image inverted in the case of the right binding) as illustrated in FIG. 22B. A booklet of left binding is finished as illustrated in FIG. 30B when the end parts (the sides having no crease of fold) of the sheets accumulated as described above are bound by stapling. In this case, the starting point for printing out (FIG. 22A refers) is different from the starting point for reading out the original document (FIG. 17 refers). Thus, a print rotated by 180° is produced by reading out the image data sequentially from the last address backward and printing out the image data so read out.
In the present embodiment, since the staples are driven in the bundle of accumulated sheets from below by the stapling device 3 as illustrated in FIG. 20B and FIG. 22B, the staples enter the sheets from the first page downward and cannot impair the appearance of the finished booklet.
Next, the output in the case of the 1-in-1 mode is basically identical with that in the case of the 2-in-1 mode described above. First, the master original documents having two pages full of images drawn on one original document are read out by being scanned in the main scanning direction and the auxiliary scanning direction. The image data, therefore, is memorized with the starting part for reading as the first address and the end part of reading as the last address. The image data, however, is such that the image of one original document is memorized as divided in two areas, i.e. area 01 and area 01, as illustrated in FIG. 24A. The image data memorized in each of the areas is managed by the managing table MT such that the one original document is managed in the two areas. In the case of the original document of No. 1, the former half of the original document is memorized in the area 01 and the latter half thereof in the area 02.
The printing is executed on the basis of the designation issued by the output designating table similarly in the case of the 2-in-1 mode described above.
The output designating table to be used in the 1-in-1 right binding issues a designation to print first the area 01 containing the latter half of the image data of the original document of No. 1 (the former connection "00") and subsequently designates the area 01 so as to print the former half of the original document of No. 1 (the formation of images on one output sheet completed with the latter connection "FF") as illustrated in FIG. 25 because it has already issued a designation to print first the latter half of one master original document as in the procedure of the routine for the compilation of image mentioned above (the step S27, FIG. 16 refers).
The printout is effected on the basis of the output designating table. The result is the same as in the case of the 2-in-1 mode described above. The second page in the direction of conveyance of sheet is printed first on one sheet as illustrated in FIG. 20A. The folded sheets bearing the images are accumulated in the sheet accumulating part 11b of the finisher 1 such that the first page occupies the lowermost position as illustrated in FIG. 20B. A booklet finished in right binding as illustrated in FIG. 30A is obtained by binding the edge parts (the sides having no crease of fold) of the thus accumulated sheets with staples.
The output designating table to be used in the 1-in-1 left binding issues a designation to print first the area 02 containing the latter half of the original document of No. 1 (the former connection "00") and print subsequently the area 01 containing the former half and, at the same time, issues a designation to rotate the image by 180° and change the direction of the image as an additional information for each of the designations, as illustrated in FIG. 26.
As respects the printout, similarly in the 2-in-1 mode, the second page in the direction of conveyance of sheet is first printed on one sheet and the image is inverted from that in the case of the right binding as illustrated in FIG. 22A. The folded sheets bearing the images are accumulated in the sheet accumulating part 11b of the finisher 2 such that the first page occupies the lowermost position as illustrated in FIG. 22B. A booklet finished in left binding as illustrated in FIG. 30B is produced by binding the edge parts (the sides having no crease of fold) of the sheets accumulated as described above with staples.
Embodiment 2, as described above, prints images properly on one sheet and produces a booklet finished in right covered binding or left covered binding as expected when the choice between the right covered binding and the left covered binding is designated by means of the operating panel OP.
While Embodiment 1 contemplates relying on the operating panel OP to designate the choice between the right binding and the left binding, the decision between the right binding and the left binding may be automatically made and put to execution. Embodiment 3 embodies the automatic discrimination between the right binding and the left binding. More often than not in the case of the documents written in the Japanese language, the documents having characters arranged vertically are in the right binding and the documents having characters arranged laterally are in the left binding. The discrimination in question has been automated by utilizing the fact just mentioned in deciding whether a given original document has characters arranged longitudinally or laterally. The construction and basic operation of the equipment, etc. involved in Embodiment 3, therefore, are invariably identical with those of Embodiment 1 and will be omitted from the description.
FIG. 27 is a flow chart showing the procedure of operation for discerning between the longitudinal and the lateral arrangement of characters and consequently deciding between the right binding and the left binding. Incidentally, this procedure of operation is inserted as a subroutine in the main flow chart for the copying and binding operation illustrated in FIG. 8, between the step S4 and the step S5, for example.
First, after the images on all the original documents to be copied are read in and memorized in the image memory 825, the copying machine grade CPU 910 reads the data of the first page from the image memory 825 (S41) . While the image data is read out of the image memory 825, the discrimination between an original document of vertically arranged characters and an original document of laterally arranged characters is attained (S43) by sequentially examining the component picture elements of the data in the main scanning direction and the auxiliary scanning direction to determine whether or not they are black squares (the choice between "0" and "1"), taking count of black picture elements (data "1") (S42), distributing the counts of black picture elements in the lines of the main and the auxiliary scanning directions, and finding the distribution of black picture elements in the main and the auxiliary scanning lines.
As shown in the histogram of FIG. 28A, an original document of vertically arranged characters is judged as having lines of characters arranged in the auxiliary scanning direction because the black picture elements are distributed more densely in the main scanning direction in which the lines are arranged than in the auxiliary scanning direction which is the direction of the lines (the direction in which the lines are arranged). In contrast, an original document of laterally arranged characters is judged as having lines of characters arranged in the main scanning direction because the black picture elements are distributed more densely in the auxiliary scanning direction in which the characters are arranged than in the main scanning direction which is the direction of the lines (the direction in which the lines are arranged), as shown in the histogram of FIG. 28B.
Then, based on the result of the discrimination, the right binding is selected (S45) in the case of an original document of vertically arranged characters (S44) and the left binding is selected (S46) in the case of an original document of laterally arranged characters (S44).
Owing to the mechanism described above, Embodiment 3 is enabled to produce automatically a booklet of right or left binding, depending on the manner in which the characters are arranged in the original documents (vertical or lateral arrangement of characters).
As a modification of Embodiment 3, the procedure shown in the flow chart of FIG. 27 can be applied to the case of the covered binding. In this case, this procedure of operation is inserted as a subroutine in the main flow chart for the copying and covered binding operation illustrated in FIG. 15, between the step S14 and the step S15, for example.
The entire disclosure of each of Japanese Patent Application No. 8-351477 filed on Dec. 27, 1996 and Japanese Patent Application No. 8-351479 filed on Dec. 27, 1996 including specification, claims, drawings and summary are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
JPH08143212A * Title not available
US6339685 * Jul 13, 2000 Jan 15, 2002 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Sheet processing apparatus with sheet size detection and conveyance or processing features and control method thereof, sheet processing method, image formation apparatus, image formation system, control method thereof, and storage medium related thereto
US6779790 Dec 1, 1999 Aug 24, 2004 Canon Aptex Kabushiki Kaisha Sheet processing apparatus for binding sheet stacks in one of an end binding mode and a central binding mode, and image forming apparatus containing same
US7527255 * Aug 21, 2006 May 5, 2009 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus, sheet processing apparatus, and method of controlling the sheet processing apparatus
US7530560 * Jun 30, 2005 May 12, 2009 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Sheet processing apparatus and image forming apparatus provided with the same
US7726641 Mar 18, 2009 Jun 1, 2010 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus, sheet processing apparatus, and method of controlling the sheet processing apparatus
US20070085256 * Aug 21, 2006 Apr 19, 2007 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus, sheet processing apparatus, and method of controlling the sheet processing apparatus
US20090179374 * Mar 18, 2009 Jul 16, 2009 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus, sheet processing apparatus, and method of controlling the sheet processing apparatus
DE19920292A1 * May 4, 1999 Nov 16, 2000 Lothar Ruehland Plastic waste bin lid has cambered profile with grooves combining strength with flexibility and space-saving stacking
EP1071271A2 * Jul 20, 2000 Jan 24, 2001 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus which pre-prepares for sheet processing
EP1071271A3 * Jul 20, 2000 Nov 13, 2002 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus which pre-prepares for sheet processing
WO2000071354A1 * May 24, 2000 Nov 30, 2000 Silverbrook Research Pty. Ltd. Document transfer device
U.S. Classification 399/408, 270/37, 399/38, 399/382
Cooperative Classification H04N2201/3287, G03G2215/00869, H04N1/00567, H04N1/3247, H04N1/00639, H04N1/32358, G03G15/6541, G03G2215/00827
European Classification G03G15/65K2, H04N1/32F7C, H04N1/00F7, H04N1/00F, H04N1/32F
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KOBAYASHI, TADASHI;HIRANO, RYO;REEL/FRAME:009021/0250 | [
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Tilt Hydraulic Cylinder Seal Kit For Massey Ferguson 32 Loader- 1606840M93 | eBay
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3836520672 - Greatest of All Time: a Tribute to Muhammad Ali by Taschen Publishing - AbeBooks
3836520672 - Greatest of All Time: a Tribute to Muhammad Ali by Taschen Publishing
About this Item: 2010. HRD. Condition: New. New Book.Shipped from US within 10 to 14 business days. Established seller since 2000. Seller Inventory # IB-9783836520676
Published by TASCHEN 2010-10-01, Köln |London (2010)
About this Item: TASCHEN 2010-10-01, Köln |London, 2010. hardback. Condition: New. Seller Inventory # 9783836520676
About this Item: Taschen, 2010. Hardcover. Condition: New. Dust Jacket Condition: New. New in publisher shrink wrap. Publisher cover box has some wear. Seller Inventory # 043287
About this Item: Taschen. Hardcover. Condition: New. 3836520672 WE HAVE THOUSANDS OF SATISFIED CUSTOMERS!|DTH. Seller Inventory # DTH-Y-9783836520676
About this Item: Taschen GmbH, 2010. HRD. Condition: New. New Book. Shipped from UK in 4 to 14 days. Established seller since 2000. Seller Inventory # GB-9783836520676
About this Item: Taschen GmbH, 2010. HRD. Condition: Used - Very Good. Used - Like New Book. Shipped from UK in 4 to 14 days. Established seller since 2000. Seller Inventory # XS-CRL-14384934
Benedikt Taschen,Taschen
Published by Taschen GmbH 2010-10-25 (2010)
About this Item: Taschen GmbH 2010-10-25, 2010. Condition: New. Brand new book, sourced directly from publisher. Dispatch time is 24-48 hours from our warehouse. Book will be sent in robust, secure packaging to ensure it reaches you securely. Seller Inventory # NU-GRD-00571175
About this Item: Taschen, 2010. Hardcover. Condition: New. Never used!. Seller Inventory # 3836520672
About this Item: Taschen, 2010. Hardcover. Condition: New. Brand New!. Seller Inventory # 3836520672
About this Item: Hardcover. Condition: New. Revised edition. Hardcover. reach of all. Universally acclaimed as the greatest sportsman of the modern era, someone who transformed not just his sport but the cultural status of athletes everywhere, Muhammad Ali tow.Shipping may be from multiple locations in the US or from the UK, depending on stock availability. 652 pages. 7.200. Seller Inventory # 9783836520676
Goat 9783836520676
About this Item: Hardback. Condition: New. Not Signed; Universally acclaimed as the greatest sportsman of the modern era, someone who transformed not just his sport but the cultural status of athletes everywhere, Muhammad Ali still towers over the 'sweet science' of boxing, almost two decades after announcing his retirement. Acknowledged as one of the m. book. Seller Inventory # ria9783836520676_rkm
Greatest of All Time. A Tribute to Muhammad Ali (Hardcover)
About this Item: Condition: New. Bookseller Inventory # ST3836520672. Seller Inventory # ST3836520672
About this Item: Taschen GmbH, 2010. Hardcover. Condition: New. Absolute must have, magnificient book. Brand new, shirnkwrapped, boxed item. Brand new book. Fast shipping form our UK warehouse in eco-friendly packaging. Fast, efficient and friendly customer service. Seller Inventory # 9783836520676N
About this Item: TASCHEN GmbH, 2010. Hardcover. Condition: New. . ***. Seller Inventory # ABC645318
Taschen, Benedikt, Taschen
About this Item: Taschen GmbH, 2010. Condition: New. Universally acclaimed as the greatest sportsman of the modern era, someone who transformed not just his sport but the cultural status of athletes everywhere, Muhammad Ali towers over the 'sweet science' of boxing, almost two decades after announcing his retirement. This book reflects the scale of Ali's many achievements. Num Pages: 652 pages, ill. BIC Classification: WSTB. Category: (G) General (US: Trade). Dimension: 350 x 390 x 65. Weight in Grams: 6864. . 2010. Box Rev Up. Hardcover. . . . . . Seller Inventory # V9783836520676
About this Item: Taschen. Hardcover. Condition: New. 3836520672 Special order direct from the distributor. Seller Inventory # ING9783836520676
About this Item: TASCHEN GmbH, 2010. Hardcover. Condition: New. book. Seller Inventory # M3836520672
About this Item: Taschen GmbH. Condition: New. Universally acclaimed as the greatest sportsman of the modern era, someone who transformed not just his sport but the cultural status of athletes everywhere, Muhammad Ali towers over the 'sweet science' of boxing, almost two decades after announcing his retirement. This book reflects the scale of Ali's many achievements. Num Pages: 652 pages, ill. BIC Classification: WSTB. Category: (G) General (US: Trade). Dimension: 350 x 390 x 65. Weight in Grams: 6864. . 2010. Box Rev Up. Hardcover. . . . . Books ship from the US and Ireland. Seller Inventory # V9783836520676
About this Item: Taschen, 2010. Hardcover. Condition: New. Seller Inventory # INGM9783836520676
About this Item: 2010. Hardcover. Condition: New. Revised edition. Hardcover. reach of all. Universally acclaimed as the greatest sportsman of the modern era, someone who transformed not just his sport but the cultural status of athletes everywhere, Muh.Shipping may be from our Sydney, NSW warehouse or from our UK or US warehouse, depending on stock availability. 652 pages. 7.200. Seller Inventory # 9783836520676
Goat: Greatest of All Time (Hardback)
About this Item: Taschen GmbH, Germany, 2010. Hardback. Condition: New. Revised edition. Language: English . Brand New Book. Universally acclaimed as the greatest sportsman of the modern era, someone who transformed not just his sport but the cultural status of athletes everywhere, Muhammad Ali still towers over the sweet science of boxing, almost two decades after announcing his retirement. Acknowledged as one of the most remarkable personalities of our time and undoubtedly the most popular sporting personality ever, his status as the finest heavyweight champion to grace a ring is beyond all doubt. To honor this living legend, Taschen created an epic book, as powerful and vibrant as the man himself, a phenomenal artefact that reflects the scale of Ali s many achievements: GOAT - Greatest Of All Time is a book with the power, courage, depth, creativity and dazzling energy of its extraordinary subject. For those who coveted the Collector s Edition but couldn t make the weight, here is the unlimited Trade Edition, at a price that puts The Greatest within reach of all. Seller Inventory # AAZ9783836520676
About this Item: Taschen GmbH. Hardcover. Condition: New. 652 pages. Dimensions: 15.3in. x 13.8in. x 2.7in.The undisputed heavyweight champion of books Bantamweight edition (slimmed down from 50 to 15 pounds) This is not a book. This is a monument on paper, the most megalomaniacal book in the history of civilization, the biggest, heaviest, most radiant thing ever printed - Alis last victory. Der Spiegel, Hamburg This monumental publication first published in TASCHENs limited collectors editions is now finally available in a popular hardcover edition! Universally acclaimed as the greatest sportsman of the modern era, someone who transformed not just his sport but the cultural status of athletes everywhere, Muhammad Ali still towers over the sweet scienceof boxing, more than three decades after announcing his retirement. Acknowledged as one of the most remarkable personalities of our time and undoubtedly the most popular sporting personality ever, his status as the finest heavyweight champion to grace a ring is beyond all doubt. To honor this living legend, TASCHEN created an epic book, as powerful and vibrant as the man himself, a phenomenal artefact that reflects the scale of Alis many achievements: GREATEST OF ALL TIME - A TRIBUTE TO MUHAMMAD ALI is a book with the power, courage, depth, creativity and dazzling energy of its extraordinary subject. Containing thousands of imagesphotography, art and memorabiliafrom over 100 photographers and artists, 2 gatefold sequences, original essays as well as the best interviews and writing of the last five decades round off the picture of the Champ. Today, seven years after the publication of GOAT, we are proud to publish this affordable standard edition at last so that Alis genius can be shared with the widest possible audience. Smaller in size but not in impact, this new version brings the peoples champ to the people. This item ships from multiple locations. Your book may arrive from Roseburg,OR, La Vergne,TN. Hardcover. Seller Inventory # 9783836520676
About this Item: Taschen America Llc, 2010. Hardcover. Condition: Brand New. revised edition edition. 652 pages. 15.90x14.00x2.80 inches. In Stock. Seller Inventory # x-3836520672
UDO KIER [Editor]
Published by BenedictTaschen, Koln Germany (2010)
About this Item: BenedictTaschen, Koln Germany, 2010. Hardcover. Condition: New. Dust Jacket Condition: no dj as issued. Revised Edition. ISBN:3836520672. [Quarto,13"x13";15 lbs] 652p. English.474.95 ill.(bw & col._thousands of images—photography, art and memorabilia—from over 100 photographers and artists, 2 gatefold sequences). New in sealed, clean Publisher's Carton, with stock and shipping labels attached. Includes original essays and interviews spanning the last five decades. New in sealed, clean Publisher's Carton, with stock and shipping labels attached. isbn. Seller Inventory # 197994 | [
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82321350
A major cost of implementing Serializable is that it decreases the flexibility
to change a class’s implementation once it has been released. When a
class implements Serializable, its byte-stream encoding (or serialized form)
becomes part of its exported API. Once you distribute a class widely, you are generally
required to support the serialized form forever, just as you are required to
support all other parts of the exported API.
A second cost of implementing Serializable is that it increases the likelihood
of bugs and security holes. Normally, objects are created using constructors;
serialization is an extralinguistic mechanism for creating objects.
It also increases the testing
burden associated with releasing a new version of a class. When a serializable
class is revised, it is important to check that it is possible to serialize an instance in
the new release and deserialize it in old releases, and vice versa.
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$10 Groupon to Jimmy's Egg
A diner's oversized booths and oversized pies have long been a beacon of hope for teens dumped after prom and frowny clowns looking for new novelty-sized props. Take refuge in the crispy crust of an old-fashioned eatery with today's Groupon: for $5, you get $10 worth of breakfast and lunch at Jimmy's Egg, with four Wichita locations open from 6 a.m. to 2 p.m.
Jimmy's Egg achieves a delicate balance of good food and friendly service, dishing out breakfast and lunch with flawless table manners. Celebrate another successful sunrise by creating your own omelette or choosing one of Jimmy's own eggy envelope creations. A Popeye's revenge omelet ($6.99) bestows superhuman strength on sailors with bacon, mushroom, monterey jack cheese, and spinach. Eating Jimmy’s garbage breakfast (5.99) seems to slow down the rotation of the Earth as patrons dig out an escape route through the enormous pile of hash browns, grilled onions, bell pepper, and sausage. Strawberry waffles ($5.49) and french toast ($4.29) dusted with powdered sugar inspire ski vacations to the Alps with every bite, while lunchtime ushers forth classic sandwiches such as the BLT ($5.99) and grilled ham and cheese ($5.79). Or try the diner’s home-style entrees, such as pot roast ($7.99) and chicken-fried steak ($7.99). The Jimmy's Egg burger ($7.99), like Switzerland, is topped with shaved ham and one fried egg, refusing to take sides in the winner-take-all battle between breakfast and lunch.
Though reviews are limited, Yelpers give the East 21st Street North location of Jimmy's Egg a 3.5-star average:
I have eaten there several times now and I have been pleased every time. – Trace K.
She had a burger and curly fries (they were delicious- I tried one!) and I had grits and a biscuit. It was standard, decent diner food with a Main Street Americana kind of feel. – Kristen F.
Promotional value expires Nov 19, 2010. Amount paid never expires. Limit 2 per person. Limit 1 per visit. Limit 1 per table. No cash back. Tax and gratuity not included. Not valid with other offers. Merchant is solely responsible to purchasers for the care and quality of the advertised goods and services. | [
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Phone: (503) 982-5779
Fax: (503) 982-7260
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Top Product Reviews for Dell Optiplex 755 Intel Core 2 Duo 3.0GHz CPU 2GB RAM 160GB HDD Windows 10 Home Small Form Factor Co - Overstock.com
Read All Reviews for Dell Optiplex 755 Intel Core 2 Duo 3.0GHz CPU 2GB RAM 160GB HDD Windows 10 Home Small Form Factor Co
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Amazon.com: Christopher M. Young's review of Pioneer SW-8MK2 Andrew Jones Designed 100-...
Great Sound, Awesome Price, December 16, 2012
By Christopher M. Young
This review is from: Pioneer SW-8MK2 Andrew Jones Designed 100-Watt Powered Subwoofer (Electronics)
I've owned the entire speaker set for about two weeks, and my assessment of these speakers is positive. For starters, they sound great - better than some other high end speaker systems I've experienced. Bose or Klipsch speakers have nothing on the Pioneers, despite being several times more expensive. I've watched movies on them, played video games, listened to music and these speakers easily adapt to each usage scenario. Yesterday, I watched Black Hawk Down, and the experience was perfect. When Faith No More blasted from PA speakers in the military base, to the crackle of AK-47 fire - each sound was accurately reproduced. The subwoofer easily handed the extended bass of the helicopters crashing. Dialogue from the center channel does also sounded true to life.For video games, I've been playing Halo 4, and I have no complaints. The rear bookshelf speakers can handle FX such as explosions, provided the crossover point is set to 100hz. I also had to boost the volume of the center channel to capture action happening directly in front of me. I have the SP-FS52's for my left and right channels, and they nearly overpowered the center speaker during intense firefights.With music, I had to do a little more tweaking to get a result I enjoyed. I like to listen to my music in stereo mode, with the subwoofer producing the low end (2.1). I've played some Deftones, Chevelle, Lonely Island and Knife Party to EQ the speakers. My final result was raising the low end on the SP-FS52's (100hz - 400hz)a bit to enhance the tone of the bass guitar in rock music. With dubstep or rap, no adjustments were needed - the subwoofer easily handled the bass. Time and time again, I was struck by the clarity of the music - as ridiculous as this sounds, I was hearing things I've never heard before in albums that I've listened to for decades. In particular, vocals sound extremely rich. It sounds like the vocalist is literally in my living room.Why not five stars? It's not a major issue, but I feel that the subwoofer could use further refinement. I know how good clean bass should sound - I've played the bass guitar for over a decade, and I own a high end Hartke amp/cabinet setup. My issue with the SW-8MK2 is that the attack of the subwoofer isn't quite as clean as it could possibly be. During certain metal tracks on double bass parts, the subwoofer struggles with clearly defining each hit of the bass drum. During tracks where the bass guitar is played with quick staccato notes, again the subwoofer doesn't really separate each note. Does that make it a bad subwoofer? Absolutely not - for the price, this is a fantastic subwoofer. I had to listen closely to the subwoofer to notice this discrepancy in the first place.Overall, I'm very satisfied with my purchase. I have these speakers paired to a Yamaha RX-V373, and the YPAO device did setup the levels nearly perfect the first run through (minus that adjustment to the center channel).If you're looking to build your first true sound system, I would recommend these system. Dollar to speaker ratio, I'm not sure what else could sound better.Below are links to the rest of the equipment I used during this review.Pioneer SP-FS52-LR Andrew Jones Designed Floor standing Loudspeakers (each)Pioneer SP-C22 Andrew Jones Designed Center Channel SpeakerPioneer SP-BS22-LR Andrew Jones Designed Bookshelf LoudspeakersYamaha RX-V373 5.1-Channel AV ReceiverUPDATE (06/04/2013): After using these speakers for six months, I have only grown to apperciate the sound more. No problems whatsoever.
Pioneer SW-8MK2 Andrew Jones Designed 100-Watt Powered Subwoofer B008NCD2PC
Initial post: Jan 18, 2013 2:31:54 PM PST
Part of your issue with the sub is the receiver you are using. The low end Yamaha 471 and 473 provide very weak bass response. That's my one knock against those receivers...weak LFE output.
3 of 6 people think this post adds to the discussion. Do you? Posted on Mar 23, 2013 12:48:37 PM PDT
C. Medlin says:
Does the sub have an audible humming noise when it it plugged in? I have the previous generation of all the same speakers and they are fantastic, but the sub hums whenever it is plugged in (even turned off with no LFE input). If you look at the previous generation Pioneer SW-8 100 Watt RMS Subwoofer System I have the same experience as the reviewer George Stillwell. Thanks.
2 of 2 people think this post adds to the discussion. Do you? In reply to an earlier post on Mar 23, 2013 1:13:09 PM PDT
[Deleted by the author on Mar 23, 2013 1:14:24 PM PDT]
In reply to an earlier post on Mar 23, 2013 1:15:13 PM PDT
Christopher M. Young says:
No, I have had no issues with the sub humming.
2 of 2 people think this post adds to the discussion. Do you? In reply to an earlier post on Jul 6, 2013 6:44:53 PM PDT
I apperciate you!
1 of 1 people think this post adds to the discussion. Do you? In reply to an earlier post on Oct 18, 2013 8:18:45 AM PDT
Is the weak bass response really supposed to be a problem on the Yamaha RX-V373? I will be using a BIC Venturi V1020 powered sub and hope to add a splitter and then a V1220. I was under the impression the LFE didn't have to push much signal to a powered sub...
1 of 1 people think this post adds to the discussion. Do you? Posted on Oct 18, 2013 8:21:54 AM PDT
I think that an 8 inch subwoofer is always going to be a compromise. To really be convincing a sub has to be able to move air and this gets better the bigger the speaker is typically. 8 (OK) 10 (good) 12 (better) 15 (much better-best) etc.Your reviw really helped me though because I was afraid the Yamaha RX-V373 might not have enough power to drive the Pioneer speakers well. Sounds like you're digging them.
1 of 1 people think this post adds to the discussion. Do you? In reply to an earlier post on Feb 28, 2014 10:44:10 AM PST
Not true - if you want quicker tighter bass than the smaller cone is an advantage, not a disadvantage. Having a 12-15" cone keeping up with a 4-6" cone won't work very well with fast pace music.....
Top Reviewer Ranking: 50,474 | [
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???initialComments:true! pubdate:12/31/2012 14:10 EST! commentPeriod:14! commentEndDate:1/14/13 2:10 EST! currentDate:5/25/13 8:0 EDT! allowComments:false! displayComments:true!
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Twilight Zone (Gold Key 90016-505 May 1975) #63 Elevator of Revenge! F-VF | eBay
1978 THE TWILIGHT ZONE #87 FVF 7.0 Whitman Logo Variant
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Details about Twilight Zone (Gold Key 90016-505 May 1975) #63 Elevator of Revenge! F-VF
Twilight Zone (Gold Key 90016-505 May 1975) #63 Elevator of Revenge! F-VF
392525779734
Last updated on Nov 08, 2019 15:01:37 PST View all revisions
Year: 1975 Publisher: Gold Key | [
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FRAMING w Stretching Service Frame Style 2153 for Size 8x10in Oil Paintings | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop bycategoryEnter your search keywordAll Categories Advanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hi, #USER#!'.replace(/#USER#/,a))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hi, (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsSellCustomer SupportMy eBayExpand My eBayNotifications
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Details about Framing w/ Stretching Service, Frame Style #2153, For Size 8x10in Oil Paintings
Framing w/ Stretching Service, Frame Style #2153, For Size 8x10in Oil Paintings
eBay item number:220849259630
Apr 01, 2014 20:32:58 PDT View all revisions
Professional Framing with Stretching ServiceFrame Style #2153, Size 8"x10"
The item includes Stretching, Framing, hangers, clips and steel wire. You will receive your painting Ready-To-Frame Overall Dimensions: 16 1/4" x 14 1/4" For Painting Size: 10" x 8" Frame wide: 3 1/4" Frame Deep: 1 1/2" S&H: No additional Shipping & Handling for Continental USA with same size oil painting purchase Anywhere else please see Shipping and Handling chartin the painting description for S&H charge Why should you buy framing with Stretching from us? Save your time: Why spend an extra trip to find local frame store and wait for days to have it framed and stretched? Just purchase our framing with stretching service from our ebay store ArtsMarket, you will receive the paining well framed and stretched and ready-to-hang. Save your money: Local stores usually charge more than double our price, so you should save more than 50% on this service. No extra shipping charge: You only need to pay the original shipping & handling charge for oil painting. There is no extra S/H charge for Continental USA buyers of this service. How to order with your painting: Please purchase this framing with stretching service item before paying for your oil painting and pay for both painting and this service item together in a single payment.
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Can VS.NET 2010/MSBUILD produce XmlSerializers for .NET 3.5 SP1? - Stack Overflow
1 I just upgraded a VS 2008 solution containing WinForms, general use libraries, and a web app to VS 2010, but all projects still target .NET 3.5 SP 1. I use this technique to generate XmlSerializers for my general use libraries. The WinForms app runs fine. When my web app tries to run using these libraries that reference the same XmlSerializers, it throws the following:
Server Error in '/WebSubscribers'
Application. Could not load file or
'Ceoimage.Basecamp.XmlSerializers' or
one of its dependencies. This assembly
is built by a runtime newer than the
loaded. Description: An unhandled
Exception Details: System.BadImageFormatException: Could not load file or assembly 'Ceoimage.Basecamp.XmlSerializers' or one of its dependencies. This assembly is built by a runtime newer than the currently loaded runtime and cannot be loaded.
I have looked at the XmlSerializer's references using .NET Reflector and see it references both the 2.0 and 4.0 versions of mscorlib as well as the 3.5 and 4.0 versions of System.Data.Linq. Strangely, it only uses the 4.0 version of System.Xml. That is probably my problem right there.
How can I get the web app to run using these XmlSerializers? When I simply delete those XmlSerializers, the web app runs fine. This is an option, but how can I force MSBUILD to create serializers for a specific version of the CLR?
Here is the MSBuild task I add to project files that forces the creation of the XmlSerializers:
<SGen BuildAssemblyName="$(TargetFileName)" BuildAssemblyPath="$(OutputPath)" References="@(ReferencePath)" ShouldGenerateSerializer="true" UseProxyTypes="false" KeyContainer="$(KeyContainerName)" KeyFile="$(KeyOriginatorFile)" DelaySign="$(DelaySign)" ToolPath="$(SGenToolPath)">
visual-studio-2010 msbuild xmlserializer sgen .net-reflector share|improve this question edited Aug 25 '10 at 14:55
1 you should add that edit as an answer so we can vote it up, it appears to be the best solution :)
MSBuild 4 will (should...) use 3.5 tools to build 3.5 projects. However, it looks like it can't work out where the 3.5 tools are and is using the 4.0 tools. The result is that it is correctly building your 3.5 project (with CLR 2.0.50727 assemblies), but the 4.0 sgen.exe tool is generating Ceoimage.Basecamp.XmlSerializers.dll as a CLR 4.0.30319 assembly.
MSBuild uses the registry to get the path to the v3.5 tools. The MSBuild tasks that require v3.5 SDK tools will fall back to the v4.0 path if the path to the 3.5 tools can't be identified - look at the logic used to set the TargetFrameworkSDKToolsDirectory property in C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\Microsoft.NETFramework.props if you're really interested. You can diagnose and fix possible registry problems as follows:
Install Process Monitor and set up a filter to monitor registry access by msbuild (Event class: Registry, Process Name: msbuild.exe, all types of result)
Search Process Monitor for a RegQueryValue access matching "MSBuild\ToolsVersions\4.0\SDK35ToolsPath". Note that this could be be under either "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft" or "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft"
If you have a look at this key in the registry, you'll see that it aliases another registry value, e.g. "$(Registry:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.1\WinSDK-NetFx35Tools-x86@InstallationFolder)" Shortly after this, you'll probably see a "NAME NOT FOUND" result as msbuild tries to load the value from the key specified.
It should be clear which keys you need to add / amend from here.
There are a few possible reasons why the registry values are wrong. In my case, an issue with the Microsoft SDK v7.1 installation meant that the registry keys were named incorrectly, which has been identified as a bug here:
http://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/594338/tfs-2010-build-agent-and-windows-7-1-sdk-targeting-net-3-5-generates-wrong-embedded-resources
Thanks for this answer. I'm combining this with stackoverflow.com/a/2739132/281084 to solve my problem
Are you reliant on anything 4.0 specific?
If you invoke MSBuild 4.0, you'll get 4.0 tools. If you invoke MSBuild 3.5, you'll get 3.5 tools (which is what you want as you're clearly hosting in a 2.0 CLR).
The other option is to put the 4.0 CLR on your web server. If that's not open, you shouldnt have any 4.0 targetted stuff in your stream.
share|improve this answer answered Aug 24 '10 at 8:40
I just checked one of my projects and found it only references 2.0 and 3.5 framework assemblies. One thing I notice, however, is that the Specific Version property of each framework references to false. When I unload a project and peek into the .CSPROJ file, the property tag does mention the 4.0 tools like so: <Project DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003" ToolsVersion="4.0"> When I change the ToolsVersion to 3.5, VS 2010 converts the project and returns the value to 4.0.
@flipdoubt: The VS2010 forcing 4.0 toolsversion is a known issue (have a search). the problem here is the SGen task being imported is the 4.0 sgen task which will default to the 4.0 SGen.exe Perhaps putting a ToolPath override to the 3.5 SGen mioght work.
And then I looked at your edit. I think that's the best fix given that running your ToolsVersion 4.0 projects through MSBuild 3.5 isnt going to be a long term solution
I found I can explicitly specify the SGEN task's tools path to use the 3.5 version, like so:
<SGen BuildAssemblyName="$(TargetFileName)" BuildAssemblyPath="$(OutputPath)" References="@(ReferencePath)" ShouldGenerateSerializer="true" UseProxyTypes="false" KeyContainer="$(KeyContainerName)" KeyFile="$(KeyOriginatorFile)" DelaySign="$(DelaySign)" ToolPath="C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin">
share|improve this answer answered Aug 25 '10 at 14:55
Are you changing the targets file or are you modifying your project files some how? I don't know how to apply this to my environment...
This was a long time ago, but I am pretty sure I edited the CSPROJ file directly.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged visual-studio-2010 msbuild xmlserializer sgen .net-reflector or ask your own question. asked | [
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Minnesota Twins vs. Oakland Athletics - Preview - September 19, 2013 - ESPN
STATS LLCThough they come off a disappointing result, the Oakland Athletics figure to have a good chance to clinch their second straight division title by the end of their four-game home series with the struggling Minnesota Twins.Dan Straily tries to win a fifth straight start and help the A's inch closer to the AL West crown in Thursday night's opener.The Athletics (89-63) have won 17 of 23 but come off a 5-4, 11-inning home loss to the Los Angeles Angels on Wednesday. Josh Hamilton's two-run game-tying homer in the ninth accounted for Grant Balfour's third blown save, and Hamilton later put the Angels ahead with a sacrifice fly.Balfour had set an Oakland record earlier this season by converting his 41st straight save opportunity, and his 38 this year are the most by an A's pitcher since Keith Foulke's 43 in 2003.His cause wasn't helped by Josh Donaldson's error on a sacrifice bunt, which helped led to the decisive run."We've had tough losses and dramatic wins," manager Bob Melvin said. "You just put this away and come back expecting to win."It should be easy to do that considering Oakland outscored Minnesota 29-9 while taking two of three at Target Field last week. Yoenis Cespedes was 5 for 11 with six RBIs in the series and is hitting .457 with 14 RBIs in nine career games against the Twins.The Athletics' magic number to clinch the AL West is five over Texas.The struggling Rangers, who suffered a 4-3, 12-inning loss Wednesday at Tampa Bay, wrap up their four-game series with the Rays on Thursday night before heading to Kansas City for a three-game weekend set.Straily (10-7, 4.11 ERA) has won his last four starts, the longest streak of his young career. He's posted a 1.90 ERA in those outings since matching a season high by allowing six runs in a loss at Baltimore on Aug. 23.Although the right-hander allowed only two runs and two hits over 5 2/3 innings at Texas on Friday, he still seeks better command after issuing four walks and hitting a batter in the 9-8 victory."I was just missing," said Straily, who has never faced Minnesota. "Instead of being super-aggressive, I was trying to hit spots."Oakland is the first of three contending teams the Twins will face in their final 11 games. The remaining slate also includes contests with Detroit and Cleveland."These guys get a taste of that," manager Ron Gardenhire said, referring to his team matching up against clubs involved in the playoff chase. "It's not like our goal is not to knock the other team out. Our goal is to go and compete with these guys and give it everything we have. We owe it to baseball."Minnesota (65-86) thwarted a three-game sweep with a 4-3 road win over the Chicago White Sox on Wednesday, just their fourth victory in 14 games.Scheduled starter Kevin Correia (9-12, 4.31) has dropped his last two starts while surrendering eight runs over 12 innings, though he also received a total of one run of support.He's 1-1 with a 3.10 ERA in six games -- three starts -- versus the A's, last facing them in 2009.
Injury ReportMinnesotaByron Buxton CF - Aug 26: Day-to-Day
Regular Season SeriesOakland leads 6-1 (as of Thu 9/19) | [
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Sunday, August 7, 2011310807014Canceled1234 TBears(2-2, 0-2 away)Stats »Depth »Injury »---- 0Rams(4-0, 2-0 home)Stats »Depth »Injury »---- 0 Conversation » TOUCHDOWN!CHI205020STLView Play-By-Play »Last Play Season LeadersCHIPASS:RUSH:REC: STLPASS:RUSH:REC: Line: Even EvenGame Stats-1-1OFF. YDS-1-1TURNOVERS-1-1TIME POSSHALL OF FAME GAME | [
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Patent US4979972 - Method of making fiber optic couplers - Google Patents
A fiber optic coupler is formed by providing a glass tube having a longitudinal extending aperture. Protective coating is removed from a region of a first optical fiber intermediate the end. Protective coating is removed from an end region of at least one other optical fiber. The coated portion of the...http://www.google.com/patents/US4979972?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4979972 - Method of making fiber optic couplers
Publication number US4979972 A
Application number US 07/380,877
Also published as CA2006346A1, CA2006346C, DE69029175D1, DE69029175T2, DE69033798D1, DE69033798T2, EP0409447A2, EP0409447A3, EP0409447B1, EP0730171A2, EP0730171A3, EP0730171B1
Publication number 07380877, 380877, US 4979972 A, US 4979972A, US-A-4979972, US4979972 A, US4979972A
Inventors George E. Berkey, Mark T. Krowiak, Daniel P. Saunders
Patent Citations (15), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (23), Classifications (20), Legal Events (4)
Method of making fiber optic couplers
US 4979972 A
A fiber optic coupler is formed by providing a glass tube having a longitudinal extending aperture. Protective coating is removed from a region of a first optical fiber intermediate the end. Protective coating is removed from an end region of at least one other optical fiber. The coated portion of the first fiber is threaded through the tube until the uncoated region is near the tube end. The uncoated region of the second fiber is placed adjacent that of the first fiber, and both uncoated regions are simultaneously fed into the tube aperture. The threading operation is continued until the uncoated regions extend through the midregion of the tube, the midregion is heated to collapse it about the fibers, and the central portion of the midregion is drawn to reduce the diameter along a predetermined length.
1. A method of making a fiber optic coupler by
disposing a plurality of optical fibers such that at least a part of each fiber extends into the longitudinal midregion of the bore of a glass tube, at least that part of each fiber that is located in the tube midregion having no protective coating thereon such that a cross section of the tube in the midregion will contain the uncoated portion of each fiber
collapsing said tube midregion onto said fibers, and
stretching at least a portion of said midregion, the step of disposing comprising
providing a first optical fiber having a protective coating thereon except for an uncoated portion remote from the ends thereof,
providing at least one additional optical fiber having a protective coating over one portion thereof and an uncoated portion at one end thereof said one end being spherically shaped, and thereafter
positioning the uncoated portions of said first and said at least one additional optical fiber in side-by-side relationship within said tube midregion such that the protective coated ends of said first fiber extend beyond said bore at both ends of said tube and the coated portion of said additional fiber extends beyond said bore at an end of said tube.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the step of providing at least one additional optical fiber comprises providing a fiber having an uncoated portion at one end thereof, the end region of said uncoated portion being tapered to a smaller diameter than the remainder of said uncoated portion, said at least one additional fiber having a spherically-shaped end, the diameter of which sphere is no greater than the diameter of the non-tapered diameter of said fiber, whereby the diameter of the tube bore can be made relatively small, thereby enhancing said step of collapsing said tube.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the step of providing at least one additional optical fiber comprises removing coating from the end of a coated fiber to form an uncoated end region, heating said uncoated end region remote from the end thereof and pulling on opposite sides of the heated region to sever the end of said uncoated end region, thereby leaving on said at least one additional optical fiber an uncoated tapered end region, and heating the end of said tapered region to lower the viscosity of the material thereof by an amount sufficient to cause the material to recede back along the fiber and form a spherically shaped rounded endface.
4. A method is accordance with claim 3 wherein the step of providing at least one additional optical fiber further comprises monitoring the reflectance of said rounded endface and continuing the step of heating the end of said tapered region until said reflectance is reduced to a predetermined value.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the step of positioning comprises positioning the uncoated portion of said at least one additional fiber adjacent the uncoated portion said first fiber, and simultaneously moving all of the uncoated portions into said tube.
6. A method is accordance with claim 5 wherein the step of positioning comprises attaching the uncoated portion of said at least one additional fiber to said first fiber prior to the step of moving said uncoated portions into said tube.
7. A method in accordance with claim 6 wherein the step of attaching comprises attaching the end of the uncoated portion said at least one additional fiber to the coating of said first fiber.
8. A method in accordance with claim 6 wherein the step of attaching comprises attaching the end of the uncoated portion said at least one additional fiber to the uncoated portion said first fiber.
9. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the step of providing at least one additional optical fiber comprises providing a plurality of fibers, each having a protective coating thereon except for an uncoated portion at one end thereof, and wherein the step of positioning comprises positioning the uncoated portions of said plurality of fibers adjacent the uncoated portion of said first fiber such that the junction between the coated and uncoated portions of said plurality of fibers is substantially aligned with the junction between the coated and uncoated portion of said first fiber, and simultaneously moving said uncoated portions into said tube.
10. A method in accordance with claim 9 wherein the step of positioning comprises attaching the uncoated portions of said plurality of fibers to said first fiber prior to the step of moving said uncoated portions into said tube.
11. A method in accordance with claim 10 wherein the step of positioning comprises attaching the uncoated portions of said plurality of fibers to said first fiber, at least one of said plurality of fibers being attached to said first fiber at a longitudinal location along said first fiber that is different from the point of attachment of at least one other of said plurality of fibers.
12. A method in accordance with claim 11 wherein the step of attaching comprises attaching the ends of the uncoated portions of said plurality of fibers to the coating of said first fiber.
13. A method in accordance with claim 11 wherein the step of attaching comprises attaching the ends of the uncoated portions of said plurality of fibers to the uncoated portion of said first fiber.
14. A method in accordance with claim 9 wherein the step of positioning further comprises depositing at both ends of said tube aperture a quantity of glue to secure to said tube those portions of said first fiber and said plurality of fibers which extend from the ends of said tube, and severing any part of an uncoated portion of said plurality of fibers which extends beyond said glue.
15. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the step of positioning comprises supporting said tube in a vertical orientation, threading said first fiber through said bore until the uncoated portion thereof lies below said tube, restraining the top portion of said first fiber which extends from the top of said tube, positioning the uncoated portion of said at least one additional fiber adjacent the uncoated portion of said first fiber, pulling said top portion of said first fiber to position the uncoated portion thereof in the midregion of said bore, and simultaneously moving said uncoated portion of said at least one additional fiber into said tube.
16. A method of making a fiber optic coupler comprising the steps of:
providing a glass tube having first and second opposite end portions and a midregion, a longitudinal bore extending from a first end of said tube to a second end thereof, said longitudinal bore having a central region of substantially constant diameter and first and second tapered regions between said central region and said first end and between said central region and said second end, respectively,
providing at least one additional optical fiber having a protective coating thereon except for an uncoated portion at one end thereof said one end being spherically shaped, thereafter
disposing the uncoated portion of said first fiber within said longitudinal bore, those portions of said first fiber which extend from said first and second ends of said tube having protective coating thereon,
disposing the uncoated portion of said second fiber within said longitudinal bore, that portion of said second fiber which extends from said tube having protective coating thereon, the uncoated portions of said first and second fibers being situated in side-by-side relationship within said tube midregion,
stretching at least a portion of said midregion.
17. A method in accordance with claim 16 wherein the step of providing a tube comprises providing a tube having an bore of circular cross-section.
18. A method in accordance with claim 16 wherein the step of collapsing comprises heating the central portion of said tube and evacuating said bore.
19. A method of making a fiber optic coupler comprising the steps of:
providing first and second glass optical fibers having a protective coating thereon,
providing a glass tube having first and second opposite end portions and a midregion, a longitudinal bore extending from a first end of said tube to a second end thereof, said longitudinal bore having a central region of substantially constant cross-sectional size and first and second tapered regions between said central region and said first and second ends, respectively, said substantially constant cross-sectional size being insufficient for receiving said two coated fibers and being of smaller cross-sectional size than said tapered regions,
removing from a region of said first fiber that is remote from the ends thereof a section of coating that is longer than said constant diameter region of said bore but shorter than the length of said tube,
removing from an end region of said second fiber a section of coating that is sufficiently long that the uncoated portion of said second fiber extends through said tube midregion when said coating is disposed in one the tapered regions of said bore said removing providing an uncoated fiber end, and providing said uncoated end as spherically shaped, thereafter,
disposing the uncoated portions of said first and second optical fibers within said longitudinal bore so that said uncoated portions extend throughout the length of said tube midregion, at least those portions of said fibers which extend from said tube ends having a protective coating thereon,
This application is related to the following U.S. patent applications: Ser. No. 204,620 entitled "Method of Making an Economical Fiber Coupler" (G. E. Berkey 11A), filed June 9, 1988 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,931,076; Ser. No. 223,423 entitled "Method of Reproducibly Making Fiber Optic Coupler" (W. J. Miller et al. 1-2 filed July 25, 1988 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,902,324; and Ser. No. 366,658 entitled "Method of Making Optical Devices" (G. E. Berkey et al. 17-2-8) filed June 15, 1989.
The present invention relates to a method of making fiber optic couplers and is especially applicable to the fabrication of 1×N couplers which couple light from one optical fiber to N optical fibers, wherein N is a number equal to 2 or more. In addition to performing the coupling function, such devices can also be designed to perform such functions as wavelength division, multiplexing, filtering and the like. In couplers wherein N is greater than two, a usual requirement is that the power be equally coupled from the input fiber to the N output fibers.
Methods of making multimode 1×N couplers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,083,625 (Hudson) and in GB No. 2,023,874 A. Both of these documents teach methods that initially require fusing together and stretching the end portions of first and second optical fibers. In accordance with the Hudson patent, the common endface of the fused first and second fibers is fused to the endface of a third optical fiber. The British document teaches that a spheroidal lens is formed on the common end of the tapered first and second fibers, and a third fiber is positioned such that light radiating therefrom is coupled by the lens to the first and second fibers. These couplers are not suitable for single-mode fibers.
Single-mode couplers have been made by forming N×N couplers and severing and/or terminating N-1 fibers at one end of the device. For example, an N×N single-mode optical fiber coupler can be formed in accordance with the teachings of European patent application Ser. No. 0302745, published 08 Feb. 89. A plurality of suitably prepared glass fibers, each having a core and cladding, are disposed within the longitudinal aperture of a glass capillary tube. Each fiber extends beyond at least one end of the tube to form a connection pigtail. The pigtails are provided with the same type and diameter of plastic coating as the optical fibers of the system in which the device is intended to be used so that the device can be easily integrated into the system. The midregion of the tube is heated and collapsed about the fibers, and the central portion of the collapsed midregion is stretched to reduce the diameter thereof. To form a 1×2 coupler, for example, two fibers are employed to initially form a 2×2 coupler, and one of the coupler pigtails or legs is terminated. In this type of coupler, the terminated leg is located external to the glass tube.
A requirement for certain coupler applications is that the terminated leg be such that the back reflection of optical power therefrom is substantially reduced. A common specification for such applications is that the reflected power be no more than -50 dB.
The preparation of the optical fibers for the above-described method has involved removing the coating from that portion of the fiber which is positioned at the midregion of the tube. The coated portions of the fibers are pulled through the tube aperture in order to position the uncoated region in the center of the tube prior to the tube collapse step. The coated portions of each fiber extend into the ends of the tube aperture to hold the fibers in proper alignment while the tube is collapsed thereon. The aperture must therefore be large enough to accept the coated portions of the fibers. When the aperture diameter is relatively large, whereby the tube must undergo an inordinate amount of collapse prior to the time that it engages the fibers therein, bubbles are more likely to form in the coupling region, and/or glass is more likely to flow between the fibers during the tube collapse step. These effects adversely affect optical characteristics such as attenuation and coupling ratio.
When N is large, it becomes more difficult to make 1×N couplers by severing and/or terminating pigtails extending from an N×N coupler. In such a coupler the input fiber must be centrally located with respect to the output fibers in order to obtain the best distribution of optical power to all output ports. Each of the N input ports of the initially formed N×N coupler would have to be measured in order to determine the centrally located port. A 16×16 coupler would require 256 measurements.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method that overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. Another object is to provide a method of making fiber optic couplers wherein capillary tube hole size is maintained sufficiently small that the tube collapse step is enhanced. A further object is to provide a method of making optical couplers, the optical properties of which closely conform to predetermined values. Another object is to provide a method of making 1×N fiber optic couplers wherein no external end terminations are needed for preventing the reflection of optical power from the terminated endface back into the fiber.
One aspect of the invention concerns a method of making a 1×N fiber optic coupler. The method is of the type wherein a plurality of optical fibers are disposed such that at least a part of each fiber extends into the aperture of a glass tube, at least that part of each fiber that is located in the tube midregion having no coating thereon. The tube midregion is collapsed onto the fibers, and the central portion of the midregion is stretched. In accordance with the invention, the step of disposing is characterized as follows. There is provided a first optical fiber having a protective coating thereon except for an uncoated section remote from the ends thereof. There is further provided at least one additional optical fiber having a protective coating thereon except for an uncoated section at one end thereof. The uncoated sections of the first and the at least one fibers are positioned within the tube midregion.
The step of providing at least one additional optical fiber may comprise providing a fiber having an uncoated section at one end thereof, the uncoated section having a rounded end. The end region of the uncoated section may be tapered to a smaller diameter than the remainder of the uncoated section. The diameter of the spherically-shaped end is preferably no greater than the diameter of the non-tapered diameter of the fiber, whereby the diameter of the tube bore can be made relatively small, thereby enhancing the step of collapsing the tube.
The spherically-shaped end may be formed by removing coating from the end of a coated fiber to form an uncoated end region, heating the uncoated end region remote from the end thereof and pulling on opposite sides of the heated region to sever the end. This process leaves on the fiber an uncoated tapered end region. The end of the tapered region is heated to lower the viscosity of the material thereof by an amount sufficient to cause the material to recede back along the fiber and form a rounded endface. The reflectance of the rounded endface can be monitored during the formation thereof. If such monitoring is performed, the step of heating the end of the tapered region is continued until the reflectance is reduced to a predetermined value.
The step of positioning may comprise positioning the uncoated section of the additional fiber adjacent the uncoated section of the first fiber, and simultaneously moving the uncoated sections into the tube. To facilitate this step, the uncoated section of the additional fiber can be attached to the first fiber. The point of attachment may be the coating or the uncoated section of the first fiber.
In one embodiment, the at least one additional optical fiber comprises a plurality of fibers, each having a protective coating thereon except for an uncoated section at one end thereof. The step of positioning may comprise positioning the uncoated sections of the plurality of fibers adjacent the uncoated section of the first fiber such that the junction between the coated and uncoated sections of the plurality of fibers is substantially aligned with a junction between a coated and uncoated section of the first fiber. The uncoated sections are simultaneously moved into the tube. It may be advantageous, especially when N is large, to attach the uncoated sections of the plurality of fibers to the first fiber. The following precaution can be taken to prevent the undue enlargement in the cross-section of the fibers when the plurality of fibers are glued to the first fiber. At least one of the plurality of fibers is attached to the first fiber at a longitudinal location along the first fiber that is different from the point of attachment of at least one other of the plurality of fibers.
Prior to collapsing the tube, a quantity of glue can be deposited at both ends of the tube aperture to secure to the tube those portions of the first fiber and the plurality of fibers which extend from the ends of the tube. Any part of an uncoated portion of the plurality of fibers which extends beyond the glue is preferably severed.
It is convenient to support the tube in a vertical orientation. The first fiber is threaded through the aperture until the uncoated section thereof lies below the tube, and the top portion of the first fiber which extends from the top of the tube is restrained. The uncoated section of the additional fiber is positioned adjacent the uncoated section of the first fiber. The top portion of the first fiber is pulled upwardly to position the uncoated section thereof in the aperture. The uncoated section of the at least one additional fiber is simultaneously moved into the aperture.
Another aspect of the invention concerns the resultant coupler which comprises an elongated glass body having a solid midregion and first and second opposite end portions which respectively extend from the midregion to the first and second ends of the body. First and second longitudinal apertures respectively extend from the first and second ends of the body to the midregion thereof. A first glass optical fiber extends through the body and beyond the first and second ends thereof. Those portions of the first fiber extending from the body have protective coating thereon. One end of at least a second glass optical fiber extends beyond the first end of the body, the second end of the second fiber terminating at the second end portion of the body. That portion of the second fiber at the second end of the body is uncoated. The central portion of the midregion of the body has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the remainder thereof. The cores of the optical fibers are closer together in the central portion of the midregion than in the remainder of the body so that optical signals can be coupled from the core of one of the fibers to the core of another of the fibers. Means in the first and second apertures seals to the body any fibers extending therefrom.
In one embodiment, the second end of the second fiber terminates within the second aperture. The end of the second fiber which terminates within the second aperture can have a spherically-shaped end, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of that section of the second fiber that is located in the first aperture. The spherically-shaped end is capable of reflecting back into the second fiber less than -50 dB of the power that propagates through the fiber and impinges thereon.
In an embodiment wherein N>2, the second ends of the plurality of fibers at the second end of the body terminate flush with the sealing means.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a capillary tube after optical fibers have been inserted therein.
FIG. 2 is an oblique view of an apparatus for forming an antireflection termination on the end of an optical fiber.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustration of a system for measuring the back-reflectance of an optical fiber.
FIGS. 4 and 5 are schematic illustrations of two steps during the operation of the apparatus of FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus for collapsing a capillary tube and drawing the midregion thereof.
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating the collapse of the glass tube around the fibers to form a solid midregion.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view through the solid midregion of FIG. 7 along lines 8--8.
FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional illustration of a fiber optic coupler after it has been drawn down and sealed at its ends.
FIGS. 10 and 11 are schematic illustrations of aperture cross-sections having fibers disposed therein.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a further embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a capillary tube after the uncoated fiber sections of FIG. 12 and 13 have been positioned therein.
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view which illustrates an alternative fiber positioning arrangement.
FIG. 16 is a side elevational view illustrating an alternative method of attaching fiber sections to a fiber coating.
FIG. 17 is a side elevational view illustrating the attachment of fiber sections to a central fiber section.
For the sake of clarity, some fibers are broken away in FIG. 12 and only the central fiber and two diametrically opposed fibers are illustrated in FIG. 14.
A first embodiment pertains to an improved method of making 1×2 fiber optic couplers. This method employs a tube 10 (FIG. 1) having a longitudinal bore or aperture 11. Tapered apertures 12 and 13 form funnel-like entrances to aperture 11 at end surfaces 14 and 15, respectively. The softening point temperature of tube 10 should be lower than that of the fibers that are to be inserted therein. Suitable tube compositions are SiO2 doped with 1 to 25 wt. % B2 O3 and SiO2 doped with 0.1 to approximately 2.5 wt. % fluorine. Glasses comprising silica and combinations of these dopants can also be employed. Tube 10 can be formed by depositing glass particles on a cylindrical mandrel to form a porous, cylindrically-shaped preform. The mandrel is removed, and the porous preform is dried and consolidated to form a tubular glass body which is heated and redrawn to reduce its diameter. Apertures of non-circular cross-section can be formed in the tube by shrinking the tube onto a carbon mandrel of desired cross-section and then burning out the mandrel and stretching the tube to decrease its diameter. A short section of tube having tapered apertures 12 and 13 can be formed by attaching a capillary tube to a source of air pressure, and while rotating the tube, directing a flame onto the tube at spaced intervals. The pressure within the tube forms a bubble at each region softened by the flame. The tube is scored and severed at the center of each bubble.
Two lengths 17 and 18 of coated optical fiber are severed from a reel of fiber. Coated fibers 17 and 18 comprise glass fibers 19 and 20, respectively, each comprising a core and a cladding and each having a protective coating 21 and 22, respectively. A portion of the coating intermediate the ends of coated fiber 17 is removed for a distance slightly longer than the length of aperture 11 but shorter than the length of tube 10.
The apparatus shown in FIG. 2 can be employed to provide a low reflectance termination which is required for many coupler applications. Table 29 is slidable in the x direction along grooves 28a of base 28. An oxygen-acetylene torch 24 is mounted on base member 28 so that it can be moved in the y and z directions. The position of torch 24 is initially adjusted in the z direction so nozzle 24' lies approximately in the plane of the surface of table 29. Two closely spaced guides 30 are located at one end of table 29 in alignment with a fiber retaining groove (not shown). A fiber is held in the groove by retainer disk 36. Microscope 26 is mounted on table 29 in such a location that the end of a fiber extending beyond table 29 appears in its field of view.
The coating is removed from the end of coated fiber 18. An oxygen-acetylene flame is directed at the uncoated fiber a short distance from the end thereof, and the end of the fiber is pulled until it becomes severed from the remainder of the fiber. As shown in FIG. 4, the fiber now has a tapered end.
The end of coated fiber 20 remote from the tapered end is connected to the apparatus of FIG. 3 to monitor the reflectance from the tapered end. The system of FIG. 3 comprises a 2×2 3 dB coupler having ports 1-4. A laser is connected to port 1, and an optical power meter is connected to port 2. The end of the optical fiber that comprises port 3 is cleaved, and that end is immersed in a tube of index matching gel to prevent the reflection of light from the immersed end back through the coupler to the power meter. The end of fiber 20 remote from the tapered end is fusion spliced to port 4. Laser light which reflects from the tapered end of fiber 20 (and from the rounded end formed by the FIG. 2 apparatus) passes through the coupler to the power meter.
Fiber 20 is placed between guides 30 such that it lies in the groove in the surface of table 29 with its tapered end extending beyond the table toward nozzle 24'. The end of the fiber is positioned in the center of the microscope field. With torch 24 turned off and table 29 moved to the left of base 28 (as viewed in FIG. 2), the position of torch 24 is adjusted in the y direction such that the end of the fiber is adjacent nozzle 24' (FIG. 4). Table 29 is moved to the right, and the torch is ignited. Only the bright, central portion 23 of the flame is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. Table 29 is moved slowly to the left, whereby the tapered tip of fiber 20 is heated by the flame. The tapered end is provided with a low reflectance termination by heating it to lower the viscosity of the material thereof by an amount sufficient to cause the material to recede back along the fiber and form a rounded endface 25 (FIG. 5), the final diameter of which is about equal to or slightly smaller than the original uncoated fiber diameter. The heating is continued until the power of the laser light that reflects from the rounded end and propagates back through the fiber toward the opposite end is less than a predetermined value. A current specification for the reflected power is -50 dB.
Continued heating of the rounded endface would cause the glass from the tapered end to continue to recede, thereby increasing the diameter of the rounded end with essentially no improvement in reflection reduction properties. If the diameter of the rounded end were to become larger than that of the fiber, the tube aperture 11 would have to be made large enough to accommodate it. Therefore, it is preferred that the step of heating the tapered end be terminated before the diameter of the rounded endface becomes larger than the initial diameter of the uncoated fiber.
If the uncoated portion of fiber 20 is too short after the antireflection termination has been formed, an additional length of coating is removed, whereby the total uncoated section of optical fiber 20 is sufficiently long that it extends beyond the tube midregion 27 when the end of coating 22 is situated in tapered aperture 13. After the fiber insertion process, fiber end 25 preferably does not extend beyond tube end 14; it may be located within tapered aperture 12 or in the end of longitudinal aperture 11.
The fibers are wiped to eliminate residual material. A small amount of ethyl alcohol may be squirted into the tube to temporarily lubricate the fibers during insertion thereof; it then readily evaporates. Coated fiber 17 is inserted through aperture 11 until the uncoated section thereof is situated just beyond tube end 15. The uncoated portion of coated fiber 18 is held adjacent the uncoated portion of coated fiber 17, and both coated fibers are moved together toward tube end 14 until the coating end regions, which are adjacent one another, become wedged in tapered aperture 13. The uncoated portion of coated fiber 17 is then disposed intermediate end surfaces 14 and 15, the uncoated portion of coated fiber 17 preferably being centered within aperture 11. End 25 of fiber 18 is located between midregion 27 and end 14 of tube 10.
The stripped portion of fiber 17 could initially be centered in aperture 11, and the stripped end portion of fiber 18 could thereafter be inserted into the aperture. However, the fiber insertion process is facilitated by simultaneously inserting both stripped portions.
Apparatus for collapsing and stretching the resultant preform 31 is shown in FIG. 6. Chucks 32 and 33, which secure preform 31 in this apparatus, are mounted on motor controlled stages 45 and 46, respectively, which are preferably controlled by a computer. Heat shield 35 protects the apparatus located above ring burner 34. Preform 31 is inserted through ring burner 34, is clamped to the draw chucks, and vacuum attachments 41 and 41' are attached to the ends thereof. Vacuum attachment 41, which is shown in cross-section in FIG. 1, may comprise a tube 40, a collar 39 threaded thereon, and an O-ring 38 disposed between the collar and tube. After vacuum attachment 41 is slid over the end of tube 10, collar 39 is tightened, thereby compressing O-ring 38 against the tube. Vacuum line 42 is connected to tube 40. One end of a length of thin rubber tubing 43 is attached to that end of vacuum attachment 41 that is opposite preform 31; the remaining end of the tubing extends between clamp jaws 44. Upper vacuum attachment 41' is similarly associated with line 42', tubing 43' and clamp jaws 44'. The coated portions of the fibers extend from tubing 43 and 43'.
Tube 10 can be secured by chucks 32 and 33 prior to the fiber insertion step. While tube 10 is supported vertically by the chucks, the fibers are inserted as described above. The fibers extending from both ends of the tube are threaded through their respective vacuum apparatus, and vacuum attachments 41 and 41' are connected to the tube.
Vacuum is applied to the lower portion of coupler preform 31 by clamping jaws 44 on tubing 43 while the upper vacuum attachment is vented to air or connected to a source of inert gas or a liquid cleaning agent. This washes from aperture 11 any loose debris which has accumulated therein during the fiber insertion step. Jaws 44' are then clamped against tubing 43' to apply vacuum to the upper portion of preform 31.
The flame from ring burner 34 heats tube 10 for a short period of time, typically about 25 seconds, to increase the temperature of midregion 27 of the tube to the softening temperature thereof. With the assistance of the differential pressure on the tube, the matrix glass collapses onto fibers 19 and 20 and urges them into mutual contact. The tube matrix glass surrounds the fibers and fills the aperture to form a solid structure is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. Midregion 27, the central portion of which forms the coupling region of the resultant coupler, becomes a solid region wherein substantially the entire lengths of fibers 19 and 20 are in mutual contact. The longitudinal length of the collapsed region depends upon the temperature and time duration of the flame, the thermal conductivity of the glass tube, and the amount of vacuum applied.
After the tube cools, the flame is reignited, and the center of the collapsed region is reheated to the softening point of the materials thereof. The flame duration for the stretch process, which depends upon the desired coupler characteristics, is usually between 10 and 20 seconds. The shorter heating period for the stretch step results in a stretched region that is shorter than the collapsed region. Stretching only the central portion of the collapsed midregion ensures that the coupling region of the fibers will be embedded in the matrix glass of the capillary tube. During this reheating step, the fibers are also heated since they are completely surrounded by the matrix glass of the capillary tube and are therefore in thermal contact therewith. After the collapsed tube is reheated, the flame is extinguished and stages 45 and 46 pull in opposite directions until the coupler length has been increased by a predetermined amount to bring the fiber cores closer together along a distance sufficient to accomplish a predetermined type of coupling. The diameter of midregion 27 is reduced as illustrated by region 51 of FIG. 9. The diameter of drawn down region 51 depends upon various fiber and operational parameters. The ratio of the drawn down diameter of region 51 to the starting diameter of midregion 27 (the draw down ratio) is determined by the optical characteristics of the particular device being made. It is well known that such draw down ratios are a function of the ratio of the signal split between the fibers, the refractive index difference between the tube and the fiber cladding, the outside diameter of the fiber cladding, the diameter of the fiber core, signal operating wavelength, cutoff wavelength, the tolerable excess loss, and the like. A preferred range of draw down ratios is between about 1/2 to 1/20; however, couplers can be made having draw down ratios outside this range.
The amount of stretching to which the coupler preform must be subjected to achieve a given type of coupler is initially determined by injecting light energy into the input fiber of a coupler preform and monitoring the output power at the output fibers during the stretch operation. The predetermined ratio of the dynamic output powers from the two fibers can be used as an interrupt to cause stages 45 and 46 to stop pulling the sample. After having determined the proper stretching distance to achieve predetermined coupling characteristics, the apparatus can be programmed to move the stages that proper stretching distance during the fabrication of subsequent couplers that are to have said predetermined characteristics.
It is conventional practice to monitor output signals to control process steps in the manufacture of optical devices as evidenced by U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,392,712 and 4,726,643, U.K. patent application Ser. No. GB 2,183,866 A and International Publication No. WO 84/04822. Furthermore, computers are often employed to in feedback systems which automatically perform such monitor and control functions. A suitably programmed PDP 11-73 micro-computer can be utilized to perform these functions. The timing sequences that have been used in the fabrication of a particular type of coupler can be entered in a separate multiple command file that the computer recalls at run-time. The collapse and stretch steps that are required to make that particular coupler can be executed in succession by the computer on each coupler preform to reproducibly manufacture couplers. The process parameters that can be controlled by the computer to ensure coupler reproducibility are heating times and temperatures, flow rates of gases, and the rate at which the stages pull and stretch the coupler preform.
The coupling characteristics of a coupler change as a newly formed coupler cools down. If the feedback system stops the stretching operation when 50% of the input power is coupled to each output fiber at 1300 nm, the coupling ratio at 1300 nm will not be 50/50 after the coupler cools down. The coupler is therefore monitored at a wavelength that is longer than the desired operating wavelength. If, for example, the output signals are split 50/50 at some wavelength such as 1400 nm at the end of the stretching operation when the coupler is still hot, a 50/50 split may be obtained at a desired operating wavelength such as 1300 nm after the coupler cools to room temperature. A wavelength of 1400 nm would therefore be employed to monitor that coupler output during the stretching operation.
The vacuum lines are removed from the resultant coupler, and quantities 48 and 49 of glue are applied to the ends of the capillary tube (FIG. 9). Heat (arrow H) can be applied locally to the uncollapsed regions of the coupler to drive air from the aperture. The heat source is removed, and glue is drawn into the aperture and then cured. Glue 48 and 49 increases the pull strength of the fiber pigtails and produces a hermetic seal. The resultant fiber optic coupler 50 of FIG. 9 functions to couple a signal propagating in the sole optical fiber at end 14 to the two optical fibers extending from end 15. The coupler is then removed from the draw apparatus and can be packaged if additional stiffness is desired.
Various modifications can be made to the above-described embodiment. Midregion 27 could be heated by means of a conventional single-flame burner during the tube collapse and stretch steps, in which case the capillary tube is preferably rotated with respect to the flame to provide uniform heating. The burner may traverse midregion 27 during the tube collapse step and/or the stretch step. During the tube collapse step, the vacuum source could be attached to only one tube end, in which case a traversing burner should traverse the tube toward the evacuated end of the tube. During the step of drawing the preform midregion, stage 45 could be moved at a different velocity than stage 46 and in the same direction as stage 46. Furthermore, tube 10 can be disposed in any orientation including vertical and horizontal during the tube collapse and/or drawing operations.
If the collapse and stretch operations are performed in the same apparatus, it is preferred that tube 10 be allowed to cool prior to being reheated for the stretch step. This temporal separation of the two steps results in better process control and therefore better reproducibility. Couplers can also be made by an alternative embodiment wherein the steps of collapsing the tube onto the fibers and drawing or stretching the midregion of the tube are performed in a single heating operation. However, this modified embodiment can result in a reduction in hermeticity, and it can adversely affect manufacturing reproducibility.
Heretofore, the size of the tube aperture has been dictated by the diameter of the coating, since the fiber coating extended through the tapered apertures at both ends of the coupler and extended a short distance into the central aperture 53 as shown in FIG. 10. In that prior method, the tube aperture was preferably shaped like a diamond or the like so that the coated fibers would be properly positioned by the aperture. Coatings 54 and 55 fit snugly into aperture 53; optical fibers 56 and 57 were therefore held in proper alignment at both ends of the tube. Since the aperture cross-section was sufficiently large to accommodate the fiber coating, the fibers were spaced from the aperture walls, and they were separated from each other by a distance, d, which is equal to twice the coating thickness.
Following is the sequence of events that is believed to occur during the collapse step, reference being made to the schematic illustration in FIG. 10. As the aperture cross-sectional dimensions decrease in size during the tube collapse step, the flattened wall surfaces of the aperture eventually come into contact with the fibers. As the aperture undergoes further collapse, the fibers are urged toward each other until mutual contact is achieved.
Since the fibers are initially separated by the distance d and since aperture 53 must undergo a considerable amount of collapse prior to the time that it contacts the fibers, the step of collapsing the tube onto the fibers may occur with less than optimal results, i.e. bubbles may form adjacent the fibers, or glass from the tube wall may enter the region between the fibers. The occurrence of these adverse effects can increase device loss and adversely affect process repeatability.
In accordance with the present invention, the tube collapse step is enhanced by employing a capillary tube having an aperture of reduced cross-sectional size. This improvement is made possible by that feature of the present method whereby the coated portion of only one fiber is passed through aperture 11, the remaining coated fiber or fibers being stripped at the ends thereof, and the stripped ends being inserted in the aperture in such a manner that they do not occupy any portion of the aperture that is occupied by coated fiber.
To illustrate the improvement of the invention, reference is made to FIG. 11. The absence of coatings in aperture 11 enables that aperture to be smaller in cross-section than aperture 53. Since the walls of aperture 11 undergo less inward movement before total collapse is achieved, and since fibers 19 and 20 must be moved a shorter distance to achieve mutual contact, the tube collapse step is more likely to be accomplished without matrix glass from the tube flowing between the fibers and without the deviation of the fibers from a linear path. Furthermore, because of the enhanced tube collapse step, the collapsed tube midregion is more likely to be free from air lines, bubbles, or the like. The process of the present invention should therefore more consistently produce couplers having low loss and predetermined coupling ratio. In addition, the use of preterminated fiber 20 allows the terminated end 25 to be located within glass tube 25. This eliminates the need to sever and terminate a leg after the coupler has been formed.
The embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 12-14 can be employed to make a 1×N coupler, wherein N>2. The capillary tube aperture should be slightly larger than the minimum diameter that will accept N fibers bundled together in a close packed array. Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, tube 65 is supported in the vertical position. Coated optical fiber 70, the length of which is sufficient to provide pigtails which extend from both ends of tube 65 is cut from a reel. The mid-section of coated fiber 70 is marked to a length that is approximately 0.6 cm less than the length of tube 65, and a mechanical stripper is employed to remove the coating between the marks. After the uncoated section 70f is cleaned, a coated end 70c is fed through tube aperture 66 and is temporarily fixed when the bare fiber section 70f is located a convenient distance below the tube. A distance of about 30-40 cm has been found to be suitable. A plurality of fibers, equal in number to N-1, are cut to a length which is about 1/2 that of fiber 70. The coating is removed from one end of each of these N-1 fibers. The uncoated sections 71f-77f of these fibers are slightly longer than uncoated section 70f. To make a 1×8 coupler, for example, one-half of the uncoated sections 71f-77f can be about 7 cm longer than section 70f, and the remainder of the uncoated sections can be about 13 cm longer than section 70f. Each of the uncoated sections 71f-77f is cleaned prior to attaching it to section 70f. The end of fiber 71f is immersed in glue, and the excess glue is wiped off. Fiber 71f is then pressed against coating 70c, whereby it is adhered thereto by glue 71'. Uncoated sections 73f, 75f and 77f are similarly attached to coating 70c such that they are about equally spaced about coating 70c. The remaining, longer uncoated sections 72f, 74f and 76f are then similarly glued to coating 70c at a location slightly above the region where the first group of fiber sections were glued so that the ends of the coated portions 71c-77c are in axial alignment. The alignment of the ends of the coated portions 70c, 71c and 75c has been revealed by breaking away portions of fibers 76 and 77. In accordance with this method, a portion of the uncoated fiber sections 71f-77f are glued to a different longitudinal region of coating 70 c than the remainder of those fiber sections. Gluing to the same longitudinal position would cause the cross-sectional dimension of the glued region to become inordinately large, whereby a larger tube aperture would become necessary.
After the N-1 fiber sections have been attached to coating 70c, coated fiber 70 is pulled through tube 65, thereby bringing the entire assembly of uncoated fiber sections 70f-77f into aperture 66, the ends of uncoated portions 71f-77f extending from end 84 of tube 10. The tube midregion can then be collapsed and the central portion thereof can be stretched as described above in conjunction with FIGS. 6-9. After the coupler has been formed, the protruding portions of sections 71f-77f are removed. Alternatively, in accordance with the aforementioned European patent application Ser. No. 0302745, the assembly could be placed in a suitable mounting device such as a tinner's clamp during the tube collapse step and mounted in a precision glass working lathe during the tube stretching operation. The ends of fiber sections 71f-77f protruding from end 85 can be severed, a dab of glue can be added to each end to add strength to the article, and the resultant coupler can be packaged if additional stiffness is desired.
An alternative procedure for holding the fiber sections during the tube collapse step is shown in FIG. 14. Hollow filament 78 is inserted into tapered aperture 79. Glue 80 is applied to tapered aperture 79 for a distance that is insufficient to reach the end of hollow filament 78. Glue 80 is cured to secure the fiber sections to the tube. The ends of fiber sections 71f-77f which extend from glue 80 are then broken off. Tube 10 is turned to the horizontal position. Hollow filament 82 is inserted into tapered aperture 67, and glue 83 is injected therein. Coated optical fibers 70-77 extending from end 84 of tube 65 are pulled taut, and glue 83 is cured. Tube 65 can then be collapsed and stretched.
Prior to collapsing the tube onto the fibers, the hollow filaments can be used to remove debris from the tube aperture. Hollow filaments 78 and 82 extend into vacuum attachments 41' and 41, respectively. Vacuum is applied to the lower portion of tube 65 for a time sufficient to wash aperture 64 by clamping jaws 44 on tubing 43. While the upper filament 78 is vented to air by leaving clamp jaws 44' open, the air wash pulls loose debris from aperture 64, through hollow filament 82, and into vacuum attachment 41. Jaws 44' are then clamped against tubing 43' to apply vacuum to the upper portion of tube 65.
In the described embodiment, light can be injected into the sole pigtail which extends from tube end 85, and the output from that end of the same fiber extending from tube end 83 can be monitored. Since only N-1 fibers are coupled to the input fiber, the other end of the input fiber is used as the Nth output fiber. When the optical power from the monitored fiber has decreased to 1/N of the input power, the tube stretching operation is terminated. If N fibers were coupled to the input fiber (rather than N-1 fibers as described above), the tube stretching operation would be continued until no power emanated from the other end of the input fiber. Thus, maximum power would have been coupled to the N output fibers.
Alternatively, an iterative process can be employed to determine the extent to which a particular coupler should be stretched. A plurality of coupler preforms are formed, each being stretched to a different length. The resultant couplers are measured off-line to determine the percentage of power that remains in the input fiber at the output end of the coupler. A determination is made of that coupler which provides an output that most nearly approximates 1/N of the input power. If necessary, another series of couplers can be made by stretching coupler preforms to about the same length as the first selected coupler. Once the proper stretching length has been determined, additional couplers are stretched to that proper length.
Optical power propagating in the input fiber is more likely to be evenly coupled to the output fibers if the output fibers are equally spaced about the input fiber. If three fibers are to be attached to the central fiber, the three fibers should be spaced by approximately 120°. When N becomes so large that the N-1 fibers cannot easily be spaced around the central fiber, the N-1 fibers should be arranged in two or more rows about the central fiber. For example, a 1×16 star coupler can be formed by attaching 6 fibers to the central fiber and spacing the remaining 9 fibers equally around the first row of fibers by gluing the remaining fibers to the first row.
In the above-described embodiment, the first four uncoated fiber sections 71f, 73f, 75f and 77f are equally spaced around central fiber section 70f. FIG. 13 shows that a gap exists between sections 71f and 77f after the remaining three sections are attached. A more even distribution of the sections 71f-77f could be obtained by spacing the first four sections as shown in FIG. 15. Uncoated fiber sections 87f and 88f abut one another, while equal spacings exist between fiber sections 88f, 89f, 90f and 87f. The remaining three fiber sections are then attached to coating 86c such that they lie in those spacings.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 16, each of the uncoated end sections 93f-97f is a different length. Therefore each section can be glued to the coating 92c of the centrally disposed fiber at a different longitudinal position, whereby the glue thickness has a minimal impact on the cross-sectional dimensions of the fiber array that must be pulled into the capillary tube aperture.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 17 coated fiber 98 is similar to fiber 70 of FIG. 12, i.e. a length of coating material slightly shorter than that of the capillary tube is stripped from the mid-section thereof. Coated fibers 99 and 100 are stripped to form uncoated sections 99f and 100f, the lengths of which are slightly shorter than that of section 98f. A dab 99' of glue is applied to uncoated end section 99f, and that section is attached to uncoated section 98f near the top thereof. Uncoated section 100f is then glued to section 98f, glue 99' and 100' preferably being located at different longitudinal positions. If more than two uncoated fiber end portions are to be glued to the central fiber, the process continues with each uncoated section being glued to section 98f at a longitudinal position slightly different from the previous one. After all fiber end portions are glued, the uncoated sections are pulled into the tube as described above.
The following typifies those methods which were employed to form 1×2 fiber optic couplers providing 3 dB coupling at 1310 nm. A capillary tube 10 having a 3.8 cm length, 2.8 mm outside diameter, and 270 μm longitudinal aperture diameter is secured by chucks 32 and 33 of the apparatus of FIG. 6. The radii of the tapered apertures at the tube ends are almost half the tube radius. The composition of tube 10 is silica doped with about 6 wt. % B2 O3 and about 1 wt. % fluorine.
Approximately 3.2 cm of coating is stripped from the central region of a 3 meter length of 125 μm diameter single-mode optical fiber 17 having a 250 μm diameter urethane acrylate coating. This fiber is threaded through the capillary tube and through the lower vacuum apparatus until the stripped region is located just below the tube. The coated fiber extending from the top of the tube is threaded through the upper vacuum attachment which is then secured to the capillary tube. Hose 43' is clamped to secure the fiber. A 6 cm long section of coating is removed from the end of a 1.5 meter length of fiber 18. An oxygen-acetylene flame is directed at the center of the stripped region of fiber, and the end of the fiber is pulled to form a tapered section which becomes severed to form a tapered end as shown in FIG. 4. The uncoated fiber is placed in the apparatus of FIG. 3, and the tapered end is moved toward the flame to fuse the end of the fiber and cause it to recede and form spherical end 25, the diameter of which is usually a few micrometers less than the 125 μm fiber diameter. The resultant length of uncoated fiber is about 2.9 cm. The uncoated sections of the fibers are wiped, and ethyl alcohol is squirted into the tube. The uncoated end of fiber 18 is threaded through the lower vacuum apparatus and is held adjacent the uncoated portion of fiber 17. Clamp 44' is released, and both fibers are moved upwardly until the uncoated regions are centered in aperture 11 and the coatings at the adjacent sections of fiber become wedged in tapered aperture 13. Clamps 44 and 44' are released to secure fibers 17 and 18. With the bottom of the tube connected to a vacuum source, nitrogen is supplied to the upper end thereof to wash the aperture contents. The upper end of fiber 17 is connected to a 1460 nm light source, and the lower end thereof is connected to a detector which forms a part of the system that controls the movement of chucks 32 and 33.
Tube 10 is collapsed onto fibers 17 and 18, and the midregion of the resultant structure is stretched to form a 3 dB coupler, the signal coupled to the detector being used to stop the stretching operation. The flame duration is 25 sec and 11 sec, respectively, for the collapse and stretch operations.
After the coupler had cooled, the vacuum lines are removed from the resultant coupler, and a drop of Dymax 305 adhesive is applied to each end of the capillary tube. After the adhesive is exposed to UV light for 30 seconds, the coupler is removed from the draw. The resultant devices couple approximately 50% of the signal propagating in that end of optical fiber 17 at end 14 to each of the two optical fibers 17 and 18 extending from end 15
This process typically produced 3 dB couplers that operated at 1310 nm. After the process was tuned, the couplers which were made thereby exhibited a median excess device loss was about 0.15 dB, and a median coupling ratio of 50.8. The lowest measured loss was 0.02 dB.
The following typifies those methods which were employed to form 1×8 fiber optic couplers which were intended for operation at 1300 nm. Referring to FIGS. 12-14, a capillary tube 65 having a 9.5 cm length 3 mm outside diameter, and 480 μm longitudinal aperture diameter is secured in a vertical orientation. The radii of the tapered apertures at the tube ends are almost half the tube radius. Tube 65 comprises a borosilicate glass containing about 8 wt % B2 O3. Employed in this example is 125 μm outside diameter single-mode optical fiber having a coating diameter of 160 μm. The lengths of central fiber 70 and fibers 71-77 are 2 m and 1 m, respectively. An 8 cm long strip of coating is removed from the central region of fiber 70. The uncoated section 70f is cleaned, and the fiber is fed through tube 65 and is temporarily secured with the top of uncoated section 70f located about 30 cm below the tube. A 15 cm long strip of coating is removed from one end of four of the 1 m fibers, and a 21 cm long strip of coating is removed from one end of three of the 1 m fibers. Each uncoated section is cleaned.
The uncoated sections 71f-77f are wiped with a lintless cloth. The ends of uncoated fiber sections 71f, 73f, 75f and 77f are immersed in UV curable glue, and the excess is wiped off. These fiber sections are pressed against coating 70c at circumferential positions whereby they are equally spaced around the periphery of the coating. Sections 71f-77f extend about 5 cm onto coating 70c. Uncoated sections 72f, 74f and 76f are immersed in UV curable glue, and the excess is removed. Each of these fiber sections is pressed against coating 70c above one of the gaps between the equally spaced fiber sections 71f, 73f, 75f and 77f. Sections 72f, 74f and 76f extend about 11 cm onto coating 70c and are thus glued to coating 70c at a location slightly above the region where the first group of fiber sections are glued. The ends of the coated portions 71c-77c are in axial alignment as shown in FIG. 12. Coated fiber 70 is pulled through tube 65, thereby bringing the entire assembly of uncoated fiber sections 70f-77f into aperture 66. Hollow filament 78 is inserted into tapered aperture 79, and UV curable glue 80 is applied in order to secure the fiber sections to the tube. The ends of fiber sections 71f-77f are pulled free from coating 70c and are broken off at the surface of glue 80. Tube 10 is turned to the horizontal position, hollow filament 82 is inserted, and UV curable glue 83 is applied. Coated optical fibers 70-77 are pulled taut, and glue 83 is cured.
The assembly so formed is mounted in a tinner's clamp that was modified by cutting away the central portion and one end portion of the clamping region such that when the coupler assembly is mounted, the capillary tube midregion and one end surface 85 are exposed. A tube connected to a vacuum source is connected to capillary tube end 84 such that the coated optical fibers and hollow filament 82 are disposed inside the evacuated tube. In this manner, longitudinal aperture 66 is evacuated through hollow filament 82. Hollow filament 78 is inserted into a beaker of 30% ammonia solution. The ammonia solution is sucked into aperture 66 whereby the aperture and the outside surfaces of the optical fibers are cleansed for approximately 10 seconds. Hollow filament 78 is then removed from the beaker of cleansing solution. After as much of the liquid as possible is removed from aperture 66 by the vacuum source, a burner is directed at tube 65 for about 20 seconds to assist in drying out the interior thereof.
The midregion of tube 65 is then heated to the softening point of the borosilicate glass by an oxygen-hydrogen burner, thereby causing the glass to collapse around the optical fibers within the longitudinal aperture. The flame is then traversed through the tube midregion in the direction of the vacuum source so that as the material of the tube collapses about the optical fibers, residual matter within the longitudinal aperture is sucked out by the vacuum. In this manner a solid midregion is formed free of air lines or bubbles.
The assembly so formed is then removed from the modified tinner's clamp and placed in a precision glass working lathe. The lathe is a Heathway glass working lathe having a computer controlled pull down or drawn down mechanism. The flame from an oxygen-hydrogen gas burner is then applied to a small portion of the solid midregion until the softening point of the materials is reached. The computer controlled pull down apparatus then stretches the heated section for an interval of approximately 0.5 second.
Thereafter, hollow filaments 78 and 82 are broken off, and UV curable glue is applied to the ends of the device to cover the resultant holes.
The lathe employed for stretching the couplers did not have the capability of employing output power for feedback purposes. Therefore, an iterative process was employed as described above. A series of couplers were made, each differing from the previous one in the amount of stretching to which it was subjected. The process was tuned such that the amount of power propagating from the output end of the input fiber was 12.5% of the total output. The percent of total power appearing at the remaining outputs of a specific coupler produced by this method were 9.3%, 22%, 15.2%, 7.4%, 11.6%, 7.3% and 13.8%. The excess device loss was 0.38 dB.
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U.S. Classification 65/408, 385/98, 385/39
International Classification G02B6/24, G02B6/28, G02B6/26, G02B6/255, C03B23/047
Cooperative Classification G02B6/2856, G02B6/243, G02B6/2835, C03B23/0473, G02B6/2552, C03B23/047
European Classification C03B23/047B, G02B6/24A2, C03B23/047, G02B6/255K, G02B6/28B6H, G02B6/28B12
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Talk:Clique problem - Wikipedia
Talk:Clique problem
Clique problem has been listed as a Engineering and technology good article under the good article criteria. If you can improve it further, please do, and if it no longer meets these criteria, it can be reassessed.
Review: January 13, 2017.
A fact from Clique problem appeared on Wikipedia's Main Page in the Did you know? column on 21 December 2009 (check views). The text of the entry was as follows: "Did you know
... that the clique problem of programming a computer to find complete subgraphs in an undirected graph was first studied as a way to find groups of people who all know each other in social networks?"
I thought a clique was a fully connected sub-graph? The way it is described here makes me think a clique is two adjacent vertices... --Bryanlharris 19:21, May 7, 2004 (UTC)
Pairwise adjacent means every pair of vertices in the set are adjacent. This is equivalent to your definition. Deco 19:38, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC)
2 Removed proof
3 Algorithm feedback
5 Problem with maximal clique heuristic
7 Some details
8 Accessible head
10 Maximal cliques
10.1 Example implementation
11 Decision tree, help with SVG
12 GA-class
13 Structure and scope
14 What does "m" stand for exactly here? number of edges or vertices?
15 Cliques of fixed size algorithm
16 Tsukiyama algorithm stated incorrectly
I propose we move this to maximum clique problem, which is a commonly used name that is more accurate and specific. I put a redirect in the way, but I'll take care of the move if there's consent. Deco 23:58, 27 May 2005 (UTC)
Seems like a reasonable idea. MathMartin 09:05, 28 May 2005 (UTC)
Removed proof[edit]
I removed the proof that maximum clique is NP-complete and replaced it by an appeal to the NP-completeness of independent set. It was a good proof, but I think it's easier to go through independent set, because there's a lot less edges to talk about filling in. Admittedly the proof on independent set problem isn't all that nice, and any improvement to it would be great. Deco 01:49, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
Rewrote independent set problem now. Should be somewhat better. Deco 04:47, 8 Jun 2005 (UTC)
Algorithm feedback[edit]
I suggest a algorithm here. http://insaint03.cafe24.com/clique-en.html I can't be sure it's correct, I need some comment. --insaint 18:36, 26 May 2007 (UTC)
The problem is proven NP-complete, your algorithm runs in O(n^3) - either you deserve $1million prize or the algorithm is wrong. You might try on one of the larger examples given in the link at the bottom of the article and see whether you find the known answer.
Can anyone find a source for the 3-clique algorithm mentioned in version 111018197? Some special cases may be solved in less than exponential time. For k = 3, there exists an O(n1.41) algorithm where n is the number of edges. -- Rampion (talk) 15:27, 16 February 2008 (UTC)
I'm going to go ahead and remove it for now. If anyone wants to restore it, please note the reference. -- Rampion (talk) 15:00, 19 February 2008 (UTC)
Problem with maximal clique heuristic[edit]
This section seems to state that arbitrarily merging cliques will always find a maximal (as opposed to maximum) clique. This is not true. Consider 2 disjoint cliques A and B produced by merging. Assume that there is some edge missing between A and B so that they cannot be merged, but that there are vertices u in A and v in B such that u is adjacent to every vertex in B and v is adjacent to every vertex in A. Then A is contained in A union v and B is contained in B union u, so neither are maximal, but no further merging can be done. Merging in some intelligent order may work, but the algorithm as stated does not necessarily find any maximal cliques. Bjoeris (talk) 16:07, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
It seems wrong indeed. I've removed the passage. --Mellum (talk) 12:11, 12 May 2008 (UTC)
Maybe this is a good time to think about what this article should be called?
Currently, there are at least two problems I know that qualify as Clique problem. One is Algorithms for finding a clique or Computing a clique or Algorithmic aspects of finding a large complete subgraph or its complement. The other is the Party problem or the Ramsey number problem. Both terminologies can be found in the literature, but the algorithmic interpretation of course wins a google fight, though Mathworld uses the Ramsey interpretation.
Currently, Party problem redirects to Clique problem, and that’s something we clearly need to rectify. One solution is to let the current algorithm (under the current headline) describe both interpretations, but I can’t see how that would work. An easy alternative is to just fix the redirect. That being said, I am mildly in favour to a more descriptive, and exclusive, article title. Algorithms for clique or Finding a clique sound good (but not quite perfect) to me. Thore Husfeldt (talk) 13:27, 18 December 2009 (UTC)
I'm not opposed to changing the name. The imperfection in those titles, to me, is that they omit the complexity theoretic side of research on the clique problem, since that's less about finding a clique and more about not finding a clique. One possibility, though it doesn't excite me very much, would be Clique (computer science). One issue is whether we should choose a name such as the one we have now that refers only to cliques, or whether the name should also include independent sets (in which case, there's more material that needs to be added to the article, as the clique and independent set problems are quite different in most graph families and I omitted anything that was only about independent sets in my rewrite). —David Eppstein (talk) 17:15, 18 December 2009 (UTC)
Indeed, approximation algorithms in bounded-degree graphs are a fairly natural example... And let's not forget other models of computation. From the perspective of distributed computing, independent sets and cliques are very different things. On the one hand, finding a maximal independent set is a truly central and classical problem in the field (and also closely related to Graph coloring#Parallel and distributed algorithms). There are many seminal positive and negative results, and numerous reductions to and from maximal (or near-maximum) independent sets. To someone studying distributed computing, independent set problems are as central as, say, SAT and linear programming together to someone studying polynomial-time computation. On the other hand, I can't say much about clique-finding algorithms from the perspective of distributed computing – it isn't even obvious how one should formulate a "clique problem" so that it'd be interesting and relevant from the perspective of distributed computing. Hence if we try to cover all computational aspects of cliques and independent sets in one article, at least from this perspective it'd be strange if the article was called "Clique problem". — Miym (talk) 19:41, 18 December 2009 (UTC)
I think expanding the scope of the article is probably not what we need to do right now. Also, based on the large recent expansion, it looks like we're set to get a link to this article from the front page via "Did you know?" some time in the next week or so, so if we do make a decision on a better name we should probably hold off on changing it until later. —David Eppstein (talk) 08:15, 19 December 2009 (UTC)
I think a reasonable approach would be to merge Independent set problem into Independent set (graph theory), explain the computational aspects that are specific to independent sets in Independent set (graph theory) (or Maximal independent set), and refer to Clique problem for everything else. That way no changes are needed here. — Miym (talk) 11:30, 19 December 2009 (UTC)
I think the last suggestion is reasonable. Let this article be only about cliques (and things that are common to clique and independent set). Things that only apply to independent sets, can go in Independent set (graph theory) or Maximal independent set. The Independent set articles can link to this article for common algorithms. That way we can still call this article "clique problem", and let it be a comprehensive article which has everything there is to know about cliques (from an algorithms and complexity point of view). --Robin (talk) 21:08, 30 December 2009 (UTC)
Figure caption: "Adapted from Sipser." It'd be nice to have a proper citation; we don't have Sipser in the list of references. I guess it refers to the textbook "Introduction to the Theory of Computation", but I don't have it here now.
"Parameterized complexity[33] is the complexity-theoretic study of problems such as finding k-cliques in graphs that are naturally equipped with a small integer parameter k, and for which the problem becomes more difficult as k increases": I guess this should be parsed "... study of problems ... that are naturally equipped with ...", but it's easy to read it "... in graphs that are naturally equipped with ..." Is it just me or should we rephrase this somehow?
"due to the fact that the clique number takes on integer values and is NP-hard to compute, it cannot have a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme": Strictly speaking, shouldn't it be "small integer values" instead of "integer values"?
— Miym (talk) 19:24, 19 December 2009 (UTC)
I handled your second and third points. I'll let Thore address the first since he drew the figure and knows better than I where it came from. —David Eppstein (talk) 20:32, 19 December 2009 (UTC)
Accessible head[edit]
The topic of this article lives on the borderline of what might want to be accessed by a general audience, so I suggest we at least try to give a non-technical introduction in the article head. Here’s just an idea, to get the ball rolling.
The brute force algorithm finds a 4-clique in this 7-vertex graph (the complement of the 7-vertex Path graph) by systematically checking allC(7,4)=35 4-vertex subgraphs for completeness.
In computer science, the clique problem is to find a complete subgraph in a graph, i.e., a set of elements that are pairwise connected. An example is a social network, where the graph’s vertices represent individuals, and the graph’s edges represent mutual acquaintance. To find a largest subset of individuals, all of which know each other, one can systematically inspect all subsets, a process that is too time-consuming to be practical for instances with more than a few dozen individuals. Despite many attempts to find better algorithms for this problem, no significantly better approach is known, and much of the theory about the clique problem is devoted to establish its computational hardness in many models of computation.
What I aim to convey is what the problem is about, what it models, how an algorithm could look, and what kind of phenomenon the theory tries to address. I think the brute-force illustration is pretty informative; it should be clear both what we’re looking for, what the algorithm is doing, and that it would take a long time. An attractive alternative would be instead to illustrate the behaviour of a poly-time algorithm on a restricted graph class; the message here would then have to be that in general, we can’t get this approach to work. Thore Husfeldt (talk) 17:45, 20 December 2009 (UTC)
Your proposed new lede looks good to me. I agree that the existing one is too technical. —David Eppstein (talk) 17:49, 20 December 2009 (UTC)
Name Clique, k-Clique
Input Graph G with n vertices. Integer k.
Output Does G contain a complete subgraph with k vertices?
Running time O(n.792k)
Complexity NP-complete, W[1]-complete
Garey–Johnson GT19
Name Clique number, Maximum Clique
Output \alpha(G)
Approximability O(n log-3 n log log2n)
Inapproximability n1-\epsilon unless P = NP
Input Graph G with n vertices
Output The number of inclusion-maximal cliques in G
Running time O(3n/3)
I made an infobox for Graph coloring once, and maybe we want one here as well. In truth, I still don’t know if this kind of thing is a good idea. It’s certainly a quick way to get some information about the problem (for example, I’ve always found the compendia like Garey–Johnsson or Crescenzi et al. actually useful), but there are lots of problems about what information should go into such a box in the first place. Maybe its just spam or chemistry envy. Thore Husfeldt (talk) 19:22, 20 December 2009 (UTC)
I'm not a huge fan of infoboxes, because it is difficult to convey any nuance in them. For instance, under "decision problem" "running time", you have O(n^k k^2), the running time of the most naive brute force algorithm for the problem. But it doesn't say "running time for the most naive brute force algorithm", it just says "running time". There are algorithms with better worst case running times known (though still with an exponent that's linear in k). And for some algorithms, what we list as the running time isn't necessarily the actual running time of the algorithm even when considered on worst case inputs: it's the best upper bound that we know how to prove, a quite different thing. —David Eppstein (talk) 19:30, 20 December 2009 (UTC)
I think the infobox serves to present the abstracted common properties of problems (like approximability) in a structured way. The most important information here can be fairly condense ("approximation factor: 2" versus several sections of text on the Vertex Cover page that would be vague for someone who just wants the constant). Whoever wants to know more can read the full wikipedia article, go for the technical paper abstracts, or the papers themselves; whichever level of detail they wish to work on. I personally find the highly-condensed resources that Thore listed to be useful and I lament that Wikipedia does not serve that purpose, especially since the general repositories that exist are rarely, if ever, updated and should exist in wiki format.
What David Eppstein explained is precisely how I would interpret the "running time" field -- the best known (proven) upper bound on running time that someone has taken the time to add to Wikipedia, with an somewhat arbitrarily chosen level of detail (e.g. big-oh). I see no problem with the field as it is and, if necessary, a general template explanation or a simple foonote could be given. I see more issues with packing in too much information (e.g. parametrization) or vagueness (e.g. deterministic versus expected or heuristic running time). An example of these issues: [User:C._lorenz/sandbox]. Although I find an arbitrary policy for these problems sufficient for making infoboxes an asset.
Some fields that I am uncertain about are "Input&output" (could be lengthy and perhaps better given in text), "W[1]-complete" in "Complexity" seems like too much detail (we could add a lot more), and "Garey-Johnsson" - is this really useful? —C. lorenz (talk) 16:15, 21 December 2009 (UTC)
I agree on the Garey–Johnsson. It’s there because the original motivation to cook up an infobox in the first place is that I’d like Wikipedia’s entries to be at least as useful and informative as, say, the Maximum Clique entry in the Viggopendium, so I started from that framework, minus the comments. I admit that the Garey–Johnsson number is the clearest example of my chemistry envy. Thore Husfeldt (talk) 16:29, 21 December 2009 (UTC)
I think the infobox can be put in, it does present a lot of useful info in short. I like infoboxes that present the hardness of approximation result along with the best known approximation algorithm so one can compare them. W[1]-completeness might be more detail than needed in an infobox though. --Robin (talk) 05:23, 26 December 2009 (UTC)
^ Nesetril & Poljak (1985)
Maximal cliques[edit]
Since there is so much information about listing all maximal cliques, the article should say somewhere that finding a single maximal clique is really easy (linear time). I don't know where to put this information though. --Robin (talk) 14:47, 21 December 2009 (UTC)
I agree. I guess Maximal cliques could form a section, consisting of the (easy) algorithm for finding one, and the listing/enumeration results. Thore Husfeldt (talk) 13:54, 23 December 2009 (UTC)
I have a more in depth description of the Tsukiyama et al. algorithm along with a C++ implementation. Since I put quite an effort into understanding the tiny details of the algorithm, I'd add it to references so others don't have to. Can some one please advise me if that would be appropriate? (I'm not a regular Wikipedia contributor, so I'm not sure about the rules yet.) Here is the link: http://c0de-x.com/how-to-find-maximal-cliques/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by Devillmeister (talk • contribs) 08:34, 1 June 2013 (UTC)
Question: Perhaps there should be more explanation on why the algorithim for finding a single maximum clique runs in linear time? I cannot immediately see why. Whether you store a graph as an adjacency matrix or an adjacency list the cost of constructing the sub-graph on K vertices is O(K^2) so one cannot just look at sub-graphs. The obvious implementation of the algorithim requires finding the interesection of two sets of integers. If the sets are stored as lists this is O(n+k) and even if they are stored as hash tables its O(min(n,k)) where n,k are the sizes of the sets.
Can someone explain more details of this algorithim and hy its running time is O(n) for non-sparse graphs? (I can see why it is O(n) for sparse graphs). Alternsatively maybe the author means linear in the size of the graph (so vertices ^ 2) in which case I can see the result. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Princess stargirl (talk • contribs) 03:50, 26 October 2014 (UTC)
Decision tree, help with SVG[edit]
I played around with drawing a decision tree, mainly because I think it’s a very accessible model of computation and makes a pretty picture. (Possibly too large.) Something is messed up in the SVG rendering (the file look alright when I let Safari’s SVG engine render it.) Any pointers to what I can do? Thore Husfeldt (talk) 14:03, 23 December 2009 (UTC)
A decision tree of depth 6 for detecting a 3-clique in a 4-vertex graph. No better constructions are possible, in the sense that it matches the lower bound of n(n-1)/2.
What's different between what it looks like here and what it's supposed to look like? —David Eppstein (talk) 17:37, 23 December 2009 (UTC)
If you look closely, I think the arrows don't look right. But when I render it in Firefox, it looks great. I think this is what Thore Husfeldt is referring to. See this blown up png for instance: [1] --Robin (talk) 17:41, 23 December 2009 (UTC)
Since this article is in pretty good shape right now, has pictures, very detailed references, and at least a few editors actively editing it in the last few days, is anyone up for improving this article further and nominating it for GA-class? (Maybe it is more useful to bring 2 articles up to B-class, than one up to GA-class, so perhaps that isn't such a great idea.) --Robin (talk) 19:59, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
I’d be eager to hear David’s opinion on this, he’s got a few GAs under his belt. But in principle I think the article deserves a much higher rating and in many respects proudly stands as an example of what this medium can accomplish.
However, stability is an issue for GA-ing, and I would like to propose at least two larger changes to this article. So ’d like to wait. To tip my hand: 1. I’d like this article to be about Algorithms for clique and independent set (though not necessarily under that title) and 2. I’d like the structure to abandon the current Algorithm—Lower bounds dichotomy (reasons include (a) the lower bounds are mostly hardness results, not lower bounds, (b) some of the issues don’t really benefit from splitting along this fault line, such as circuit complexity, decision trees, the yet-to-be-written section on counting, etc.).
These proposals are connected—for example, I’d want a section each on Clique algorithms for special graph classes and Independent set algorithms for special graph classes, rather than the current awkward things like “finding cliques in the complement of bipartite graphs”—but need somewhat more time than I can devote to them in the next few days, so we’ll have to wait. Thore Husfeldt (talk) 20:19, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
I agree about the lower bound vs algorithms dichotomy. I don't like this split either. For example, instead of splitting the best algorithm and best bounds known for the decision problem, I would prefer a section on the decision problem which gives the best algorithms and gives the NP-completeness proof. Similarly, a section on the approximation problem, which states the best factor achievable and the best hardness result. Some topics are already covered like this, like decision tree complexity and circuit complexity.
I also agree about what the article should be about, but the article title should probably not be Algorithms for clique and independent set. I can't think of a good name off the top of my head.
About the other sections you want to add, that's great. I'm in no hurry at all, and of course we don't have a WP:DEADLINE. I just mentioned this GA-class idea to get everyone's opinions on it. --Robin (talk) 20:40, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
So in this proposed revision, would you have a separate article for hardness results? Or would you include all the current material as well as the algorithmic parts of Independent set (graph theory) and maximal independent set? I think separating out algorithms from hardness makes sense as a way of organizing the material (more sense than splitting cliques from independent sets) but that split could be into separate articles rather than as now separate sections of the same article, and the article we have now is already large and unwieldy. As for calling it "hardness" rather than "lower bounds", I have no objection to that. I do think the hardness bounds are important, though (at least the inapproximability and FPT ones) and wouldn't want to see them tacked on as a disconnected appendix to an article that's mostly about algorithms. As for GA: I think we have enough material here, written at a high enough level of quality, that we should seriously consider this, but a GA review is mostly going to cover low-level issues of grammar and wording; we need to find the best organization for the material ourselves first. —David Eppstein (talk) 20:51, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
I would have hoped to have had more time for a more though-out proposal, but the sections I envision are
Algorithms (exact algorithms for fixed size and maximum cliques) these are agnostic about whether we look for cliques or independent sets
Special graph classes algorithms for cliques, algorithms for indpendent sets. This could also be a subsection of Algorithms
Hardness (NPC, W[1])
Approximation (current 3.3 and 3.6)
Enumeration (listing maximal cliques, #cliques is #P-complete, but FPRASable for some special cases)
Other models of computation (decision trees, circuits)
(never mind the ordering and the titles) So basically it’s about moving some of the current subsections out of the current two-section Upper/Lower bound structure. Thore Husfeldt (talk) 21:28, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
First, making Other models of computation a separate section is a nice idea. That makes it clear that the rest of the article is about algorithms on real computers (or Turing machines). As far as the other secions go, I think there are 3 different clique problems, the decision problem, the optimization problem and the enumeration/counting problem. Each seems to have its own set of algorithms, and hardness results. In that order, the hardness results would be NP-completeness, inapproximability results, and #P-completeness. We do have a lot more to say about the decision problem, since it is well-studied, and is well-studied in several restricted settings: fixed parameter tractability, special graph classes, etc. So I would propose a structure which first deals with the decision problem, including all algorithms for fixed size, max clique, special graph classes, FPTs, etc. and includes all relevant hardness results about the decision problem. This section might be the largest of all. Then a section on the approximation problem, then a section on the counting problem, and then other models.
In short, all I'm saying is that Algorithms + Special graph classes + Hardness, in the suggestion above should be merged into one section with the theme of "decision problem" and hardness results should be presented along with the best algorithms. For instance, after stating that the best algorithm for maximum clique is like O(1.2^n), we give the NP-completeness proof, which explains why the best known algorithm is exponential time. The other sections are fine. But if this proposal will make one section very large compared to the others, or if this view of combining hardness+algorithms isn't shared by others, I'm fine with Thore's proposal above. --Robin (talk) 21:52, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
Re "I think there are 3 different clique problems": There are many more than three algorithmic versions of the problem about which one can find published papers: (1) yes/no, is there a clique of a given size, (2) list all cliques of a given (typically constant) size, (3) find a single maximal clique (not very interesting on a sequential computer but has been studied in parallel algorithms), (4) list all maximal cliques, (5) find a maximum clique, (6) find a minimum-sized maximal clique (more often studied in the complementary form of finding a minimum independent dominating set), (7) count the cliques of a given size (e.g. my WADS'09 paper with Spiro on counting triangles), (8) list all maximal cliques (or maximal independent sets) whose size is smaller than some bound (e.g. my older paper "Small maximal independent sets and faster exact graph coloring"). In addition I could imagine that there might be algorithms for counting maximal cliques or maximum cliques more quickly than listing them all — listing and counting are in general two different things — but I don't know of any published research on that variant. —David Eppstein (talk) 01:27, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
Fair enough, we can have more sections for the problems. I guess my main point is that for a given problem, I would prefer an organization where the best algorithm and hardness result are stated together, rather than in different parts of the article. Organizing results by the problem solved, i.e. listing max cliques or decision version of max ind. set on planar graphs, (rather than the nature of the result — algorithmic or hardness) seems more natural to me. --Robin (talk) 02:28, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
Where would we cover the distributed computing [and parallel computing] aspects: distributed algorithms for finding independent sets, lower bound results for these problems, the connection to distributed graph colouring, other applications of distributed independent set algorithms, etc.? Some possibilities might be:
A subsection on distributed algorithms in the "Other models of computation" section. (Might be a fairly long subsection.)
Together with the centralised algorithms and hardness results when we discuss the relevant problems. (I think the most relevant problems are "find a maximal independent set" and "find a large [near-maximum] independent set", both in general graphs and in special graph classes. I'm worried that covering distributed computing aspects in different places might make the text more difficult to follow.)
Somewhere else, e.g. Independent set (graph theory) + Maximal independent set?
— Miym (talk) 19:39, 30 December 2009 (UTC)
Since I supported the proposal to have only clique-related problems in this article, I would choose option 3. There is a lot of literature on maximal independent sets (and its connection with vertex coloring), which would make a fine addition to an independent set article. Adding it here would make this article too long. Also, the distributed algorithms are really specific to finding an independent set (and not clique), so I think it's fair to put all those results in a different article. --Robin (talk) 02:07, 1 January 2010 (UTC)
Since this discussion stopped (more than a month ago) before reaching a conclusion that we all agree with, I thought I should start the discussion again. So the question is, what is the scope of this article, and how should we structure it?
My viewpoint, in short, is the following: This article should only contain results related to cliques -- maximal cliques, counting cliques, listing cliques, decision trees, monotone circuit complexity of max clique, etc. Results that work for clique and ind. set. should be present in this article. Results that only work for ind. set., like ind. set. on planar graphs, or the distributed computing version should be elsewhere. As for structure, I would suggest a problem-oriented structure, where we list a problem, like "list all maximal cliques" and then present algorithms and hardness results. --Robin (talk) 20:57, 15 February 2010 (UTC)
What does "m" stand for exactly here? number of edges or vertices?[edit]
In the section "Cliques of fixed size" it says:
"In a graph with m vertices..." and in the same paragraph "...the time for this algorithm is proportional to the arboricity of the graph (a(G)) times the number of edges, which is O(m a(G))".
Please, what does "m" now stand for exactly in this context? The number of edges of vertices? It is crucial to make this clear, as in a later paragraph it says "...to find triangles in time O(n2.376), which may be faster than O(m3/2) for sufficiently dense graphs.". It makes quite a difference if one assumes the number of edges to be m or to be n in this scenario.
Thank you. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.211.185.46 (talk) 13:15, 17 May 2010 (UTC)
It's the number of edges. I've fixed that now. --Robin (talk) 14:02, 17 May 2010 (UTC)
Cliques of fixed size algorithm[edit]
It says, "there are O(nk) subgraphs..."
I think it's a combination (select k vertices from n), that's: ( n k ) {\displaystyle {\binom {n}{k}}} , that means O(n) (the worst case if k = 1 is n)
--Vojta.jina (talk) 23:16, 21 November 2010 (UTC)
Why should you assume k = 1?? It's certainly not O(n) when k > 1. —David Eppstein (talk) 23:37, 21 November 2010 (UTC)
You are right, my assumption was wrong: k=1 is definitely not the worst case (that's around k = n/2). I guess, I should remove this paragraph. Thanks for pointing this out... --Vojta.jina (talk) 14:42, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
Hi. Whatever the worst case exactly is, "n choose k" is equal to n!/(k!*(n-k)!) and hence much worse than O(n) even if k=1. Even worse than O(n^k), which is mentioned in the article, so I don't see why it says that there. Can someone explain that or change the paragraph? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.215.5.255 (talk) 00:41, 10 March 2011 (UTC)
( n k ) = 1 k ! n ⋅ ( n − 1 ) ⋅ ( n − 2 ) … ( n − k + 1 ) ≤ 1 k ! n ⋅ n ⋅ n ⋅ n … n = n k k ! ≤ n k . {\displaystyle {\binom {n}{k}}={\frac {1}{k!}}n\cdot (n-1)\cdot (n-2)\dots (n-k+1)\leq {\frac {1}{k!}}n\cdot n\cdot n\cdot n\dots n={\frac {n^{k}}{k!}}\leq n^{k}.} It's a crude estimate but it's always valid and when k is a constant then it's within a constant factor of the truth. —David Eppstein (talk) 01:13, 10 March 2011 (UTC)
Tsukiyama algorithm stated incorrectly[edit]
The article says that, given the maximal cliques in G\v, the maximal cliques in G are these plus those sets formed from them by adding v and removing nodes not connected to v. Let G={12,13,23,24,34,35,45}. Then the maximal cliques in G\{5} are {123} and {234}. If I add 5 to {123} and remove the nodes not connected to 5 then I get {35}, but this is not maximal in G since it's contained in {345}. I'm guessing that what the article should say is that the cliques of G are the cliques of G\v plus sets formed by adding v to the cliques of G(v), where G(v) is the set of nodes connected to v. --RDBury (talk) 17:24, 19 September 2013 (UTC)
I think I've figured this out. The words "a maximal clique C" in "... each maximal clique in G that does contain v can be formed from a maximal clique C in G \ v by adding v and removing the non-neighbors of v from C," should read "some maximal clique C", not "any maximal clique C" as I was interpreting it. So the lexicographic ordering not only prevents duplicates from appearing, as it states in the next paragraph, but also prevents non-maximal cliques from appearing, since lexicographic maximum implies maximal. I'll try to rephrase this section when a get a firmer grasp on how the algorithm actually works. --RDBury (talk) 21:17, 25 November 2013 (UTC)
Promoted to GA
This review is transcluded from Talk:Clique problem/GA1. The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the review.
Reviewer: Spinningspark (talk · contribs) 21:38, 26 December 2016 (UTC)
Looking... SpinningSpark 21:38, 26 December 2016 (UTC)
You might consider wikilinking adjacent (graph theory). I know that only goes to the glossary, but that could be a good thing for a reader unfamiliar with the subject. It points them early on to a central place where they can get a quick def of unfamiliar terms.
Added. —David Eppstein (talk) 02:52, 2 January 2017 (UTC)
"worst-case optimal time" (or even "optimal time") is not a phrase found in the article body, nor is it explained or wikilinked.
This is a summarized version of the sourced claim in the first paragraph of subsection "Listing all maximal cliques" that "this provides a worst-case-optimal solution to the problem of listing all maximal cliques". Just before that claim, I added a new clarification "matching the number of cliques that might need to be listed" for why this is optimal. —David Eppstein (talk) 02:52, 2 January 2017 (UTC)
There needs to be a link to big-O notation on first use. Likewise big-theta, big-omega, little-o etc.
The brackets following the big-O etc butts right up. They need a space, or a thin space ( )
I added explanations for the first use of each notation. It turns out that   is far too wide but that {{italics correction}} does the job. Here is a comparison:
O(n) — {{math|''O''(''n'')}}
O(n) — {{math|{{italics correction|''O''}}(''n'')}}
O (n) — {{math|''O'' (''n'')}}
O ( n ) {\displaystyle O(n)} — <math>O(n)</math>
O ( n ) {\displaystyle O\,(n)} — <math>O\,(n)</math> (the LaTeX equivalent of  )
—David Eppstein (talk) 04:38, 2 January 2017 (UTC)
"...reported at the time in major newspapers" is cited to the NYT, but that paper does not say it was reported in other papers. We need either a source saying it directly, cites to several different papers carrying the story, or just say it was reported in NYT.
Changed to just say the NYT. —David Eppstein (talk) 07:59, 3 January 2017 (UTC)
"The clique decision problem is not of practical importance; it is formulated in this way in order to ..." Is this just a reformulation of the k-clique problem?
The problems are different because they have different outputs (a clique vs a boolean). The sentence above the bullets does say that they are closely related. —David Eppstein (talk) 07:59, 3 January 2017 (UTC)
"the one found by the greedy algorithm described above". This is the first mention of greedy algorithm, so it is unclear what this is referring to.
It was referring to "the algorithm described above" (in the same paragraph), and describing it as a greedy algorithm. But I moved the greedy link earlier in the paragraph in hope of making this clearer. —David Eppstein (talk) 01:21, 8 January 2017 (UTC)
"When k is part of the input to the problem, however, the time is exponential." In what sense was k not part of the input in the prior cases?
It was not part of the input in the immediately preceding sentence, which says "whenever k is a fixed constant". Fixed constant means that it is hardcoded into the algorithm rather than being part of the input. I'm at a bit of a loss on how this could be phrased any more clearly; do you have suggestions? —David Eppstein (talk) 01:21, 8 January 2017 (UTC)
Understood. Any of "when k is not fixed...", "when k is variable...", "when k is not a constant..." would have made it clear to me on first reading. I'm not sure how important it is to say "part of the input", but both could be said if necessary "when k is not fixed and forms part of the input..."
Ok, copyedited per your suggestions. —David Eppstein (talk) 23:49, 9 January 2017 (UTC)
"...although the reverse of this order is NP-hard to generate". Interesting, but why is that relevant here?
Because it means that the ordering makes a big difference in whether it's possible to list the cliques efficiently. Edited to clarify what NP-hard means in this case (no polynomial-delay algorithm exists unless P = NP). —David Eppstein (talk) 01:21, 8 January 2017 (UTC)
The sentence beginning "In particular, the planar graphs, and more generally..." is very hard to parse. I had to read it several times before understanding. Can the statements be broken into separate sentences?
Done. —David Eppstein (talk) 01:21, 8 January 2017 (UTC)
Finding maximum cliques in arbitrary graphs
The mention of adiabatic quantum computing concerns me on two counts. Firstly, as far as I am aware, this is still largely speculative, but you wouldn't know that from what is written (or by following the wikilink for that matter). Secondly the ref is a preprint; has this actually been published? I'm not saying don't use preprints as refs, but making solid claims about speculative subjects on the basis of them is a bit iffy. Maybe it could be reworded with "<author> has suggested that..." or some such.
Huh? The adiabatic reference, by Childs Farhi Goldstone and Gutmann, is a journal paper, and always has been listed as such. It had a link to the preprint version for convenience since most readers aren't going to be able to access the official journal version very easily. But I added the link for those who can. (Also, with a notable co-author, it might well pass the "recognized expert" clause of WP:SPS, but as a journal paper I don't think we need to worry about that.) —David Eppstein (talk) 23:49, 9 January 2017 (UTC)
Ok on the source then, but it still remains the case that this is a speculative proposal, no? Nobody has actually found cliques using quantum computers have they? Does a quantum computer capable of doing it actually exist? That's what troubles me about it; it just appears in a list of methods as if it is a real thing. I think some kind of caveat would be in order. SpinningSpark 00:28, 10 January 2017 (UTC)
Added "that have been suggested". —David Eppstein (talk) 07:55, 10 January 2017 (UTC)
Wikilink chromatic number
Done. —David Eppstein (talk) 23:50, 9 January 2017 (UTC)
"Although the approximation ratio of this algorithm is weak, it is the best known to date" Is this sourced to Feige? If not, where?
Feige wouldn't really be a good source for this sort of evaluation of his own work. But I found and added a recent (2015) publication that says the same thing. —David Eppstein (talk) 06:10, 12 January 2017 (UTC)
"Karp's NP-completeness proof is a many-one reduction from the Boolean satisfiability problem for formulas in conjunctive normal form, which was proved NP-complete in the Cook–Levin theorem." Ugh! Too much jargon in one sentence. Although the sentence is understandable after following all the links, it is very difficult for a general reader. This might be another case where the same material would be ok if split into more than one sentence.
Split into three sentences. —David Eppstein (talk) 06:17, 12 January 2017 (UTC)
"CNF" If the article is to use abbreviations, it should give them in brackets after the first use of the term in full.
Done. My usual tendency is just to spell them all out instead of using abbreviations, but I felt that three repetitions of this long phrase in a single paragraph would have been too much. —David Eppstein (talk) 07:57, 10 January 2017 (UTC)
"Supergraph" needs a link or a gloss
Done: supergraph. —David Eppstein (talk) 07:59, 10 January 2017 (UTC)
"for every ε > 0" I'm not seeing a definition of ε.
Changed to "for every real number ε > 0". —David Eppstein (talk) 08:01, 10 January 2017 (UTC)
"However, an invalid proof may sometimes mistakenly be accepted, as long as the probability that a checker makes a mistake of this type is low." The logic of that statement escapes me. If the probability is high then an invalid proof may still be accepted. So surely this just says an invalid proof may sometimes be accepted without qualification? SpinningSpark 16:23, 29 December 2016 (UTC)
I don't understand your confusion here, to be honest. What part of the fact that the checker behaves randomly, that it is required that this random behavior should cause it to have low probability of making certain kinds of mistakes, and that other kinds of mistakes are strictly forbidden, is unclear? Why should the fact that a mistake can sometimes happen allow use to forget about the probability of it happening and just say that mistakes can happen without qualification? What needs to be changed here to make this less confusing? —David Eppstein (talk) 08:06, 12 January 2017 (UTC)
My problem is that I don't think the sentence is quite saying that semantically. If I have understood your reply correctly, the meaning is supposed to be that it can be acceptable for the algorithm to return some false positives provided the probability of doing so is low. What the sentence actually says (apparently) is that false positives only occur when there is a low probability that a checker makes such a mistake. Clearly that interpretation is illogical and not correct, but it hides the correct meaning. This leads me on to the meaning of the following sentence: "An instance of the satisfiability problem should have a valid proof if and only if it is satisfiable." How does that square with the possibility of false positives? SpinningSpark 14:58, 12 January 2017 (UTC)
Ah, I see. I hadn't noticed that ambiguity. Reworded, splitting into two sentences. —David Eppstein (talk) 04:18, 13 January 2017 (UTC)
Thanks for the thorough listing of issues! I plan to work on these over the next week or so, responding to them individually; I'll ping you again when I think I've done. —David Eppstein (talk) 20:04, 29 December 2016 (UTC)
The external links tool is showing a number of deadlinks (three 404 errors page not found, one server not found, and one 301 error redirecting problem.) While deadlinks are not a cause to fail a GA, that's quite a lot and you might want to do something about them. SpinningSpark 15:12, 12 January 2017 (UTC)
@Spinningspark: Done. Is that everything? —David Eppstein (talk) 04:18, 13 January 2017 (UTC)
Yes, that's done, promoting to GA. A pleasure doing business with you. SpinningSpark 14:04, 13 January 2017 (UTC)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Clique_problem&oldid=766999814"
GA-Class Computer science articles
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John Lundstrom Obituary - Ankeny, IA | the Des Moines Register
118 N.W. Linden St
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John "Swede" Lundstrom
Ankeny - John "Swede" Eric Lundstrom was born April 8, 1929 in Aurora, Illinois, the son of
Katherine Lundstrom Jacobsen. He passed away June 11, 2018 at the age of 89, due to congestive heart failure.
A visitation will be held 10:00 a.m. to noon, Friday, June 15, 2018 at Ankeny Free Church (118 N.W. Linden St). A funeral service will begin at noon.
John was a life-long Ankeny Native, graduating in 1947 and proud to be a veteran of the U.S. Army. He was passionate about sharing his faith and spending time with family and friends. John didn't know a stranger. Throughout the years, John's civic leadership was instrumental in growing the Ankeny community. He started Lundstrom Realty in 1961 and was a realtor for 56 years. He was a dedicated community servant; serving on the School Board, City Council, Polk County Aviation Board, Rotary Club and many other civic organizations. He rarely missed a Thursday night volunteering for over 20 years at the Polk County Jail Ministry.
John is survived by his children Lee (Cindy) Lundstrom, Karla Kasper, Bryan (Peggie) Lundstrom, of Ankeny, Eric (Beth) Lundstrom of Berwick, Linda (Chris) Cook of West Des Moines and Diane Green of Brooklyn Center, Minnesota; 13 Grandchildren, 7 Great grandchildren, step-children, Breanne Brennan of Jacksonville, Florida, Mark (Julie) Brennan, Missie Fenimore and Dawn (Nick) Erickson, of Ankeny, 4 Step-Grandchildren, and 6 step-great grandchildren.
He was preceded in death by his mother, and son-in-law, Andy Kasper.
In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions may be made in his name to the Ankeny Gideons, P.O. Box 732, Ankeny, IA 50021, or the Ankeny Area Historical Society.
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Patent US6339720 - Early warning apparatus for acute Myocardial Infarction in the first six ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA portable device (8) for recognizing Acute Myocardial Infarction by the patient himself without the help of medical doctors or technicians is described. The invention performs a real-time analysis of the ST segment (9) in an ambulatory electrocardiographic measurement environment to help the patient...http://www.google.com/patents/US6339720?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6339720 - Early warning apparatus for acute Myocardial Infarction in the first six hours of painAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6339720 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/399,320Publication dateJan 15, 2002Filing dateSep 20, 1999Priority dateSep 20, 1999Fee statusLapsedPublication number09399320, 399320, US 6339720 B1, US 6339720B1, US-B1-6339720, US6339720 B1, US6339720B1InventorsFernando Anzellini, Arturo Sesana, Mario GongoraOriginal AssigneeFernando Anzellini, Arturo Sesana, Mario GongoraExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (42), Referenced by (29), Classifications (4), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetEarly warning apparatus for acute Myocardial Infarction in the first six hours of pain
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MUSATTI 805 | [
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Kirikou and the sorceress (DVD video, 1998) [WorldCat.org]
I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60554795 Title: Kirikou and the sorceress Author: Michel Ocelot; Raymond Burlet; Doudou Gueye Thiaw; Youssou N'Dour; Armateurs (Firm); ArtMattan Productions Publisher: New York, NY : Distributed by ArtMattan Productions, 1998. OCLC:60554795
Michel Ocelot; Raymond Burlet; Doudou Gueye Thiaw; Youssou N'Dour; Armateurs (Firm); All authors
New York, NY : Distributed by ArtMattan Productions, 1998.
"This animated film exquisitely recounts the tale of tiny Kirikou, born in an African village on which Karaba the Sorceress has placed a terrible curse. Kirikou sets out on a quest to free his village of the curse and find out the secret of why Karaba is so wicked"--Container.
Michel Ocelot; Raymond Burlet; Doudou Gueye Thiaw; Youssou N'Dour; Armateurs (Firm); ArtMattan Productions.
Find more information about: Michel Ocelot Raymond Burlet Doudou Gueye Thiaw Youssou N'Dour
60554795
French and English soundtracks with English subtitles.
Special features: Comments by filmmaker; Color game; Character presentation.
Original music, Youssou N'Dour.
Voices: Doudou Gueye Thiaw, William Nadylam-Yotnda, Sébastien Hèbrant.
Les Armateurs [and others] présentent un film de Michel Ocelot en collaboration avec Raymond Burlet.
Add tags for "Kirikou and the sorceress". Be the first.
<http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60554795> # Kirikou and the sorceress
library:oclcnum "60554795" ;
library:placeOfPublication <http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/918061241#Place/new_york_ny> ; # New York, NY
schema:about <http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/918061241#Place/africa> ; # Africa
schema:about <http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/918061241#Topic/foreign_films_france> ; # Foreign films--France
schema:about <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sj96006383> ; # Witchcraft
schema:alternateName "Kirikou et la sorcière" ;
schema:contributor <http://viaf.org/viaf/132884590> ; # Armateurs (Firm)
schema:contributor <http://viaf.org/viaf/10099909> ; # Doudou Gueye Thiaw
schema:contributor <http://viaf.org/viaf/39498170> ; # Michel Ocelot
schema:contributor <http://viaf.org/viaf/106860614> ; # Raymond Burlet
schema:description ""This animated film exquisitely recounts the tale of tiny Kirikou, born in an African village on which Karaba the Sorceress has placed a terrible curse. Kirikou sets out on a quest to free his village of the curse and find out the secret of why Karaba is so wicked"--Container." ;
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schema:name "Kirikou and the sorceress" ;
schema:productID "60554795" ;
schema:publication <http://www.worldcat.org/title/-/oclc/60554795#PublicationEvent/new_york_ny_distributed_by_artmattan_productions_1998> ;
schema:publisher <http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/918061241#Agent/distributed_by_artmattan_productions> ; # Distributed by ArtMattan Productions
wdrs:describedby <http://www.worldcat.org/title/-/oclc/60554795> ;
<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/918061241#Agent/distributed_by_artmattan_productions> # Distributed by ArtMattan Productions
<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/918061241#Place/africa> # Africa
<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/918061241#Place/new_york_ny> # New York, NY
<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/918061241#Topic/foreign_films_france> # Foreign films--France
<http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sj96006383> # Witchcraft
<http://viaf.org/viaf/10099909> # Doudou Gueye Thiaw
schema:familyName "Thiaw" ;
schema:givenName "Doudou Gueye" ;
schema:name "Doudou Gueye Thiaw" ;
<http://viaf.org/viaf/106860614> # Raymond Burlet
schema:familyName "Burlet" ;
schema:name "Raymond Burlet" ;
<http://viaf.org/viaf/132884590> # Armateurs (Firm)
schema:name "Armateurs (Firm)" ;
<http://www.worldcat.org/title/-/oclc/60554795>
schema:about <http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60554795> ; # Kirikou and the sorceress
<http://www.worldcat.org/title/-/oclc/60554795#PublicationEvent/new_york_ny_distributed_by_artmattan_productions_1998>
schema:location <http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/918061241#Place/new_york_ny> ; # New York, NY
schema:organizer <http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/918061241#Agent/distributed_by_artmattan_productions> ; # Distributed by ArtMattan Productions
Kirikou and the sorceress/Michel Ocelot; Raymond Burlet; Doudou Gueye Thiaw; Youssou N'Dour; Armateurs (Firm); ArtMattan Productions.;; New York, NY : Distributed by ArtMattan Productions, 1998. | [
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Roses Postcards Vintage Papers Ephemera Decoupage French
Roses Postcards Vintage Papers Ephemera Decoupage French printable 6 x 4 inch Instant Download digital collage sheet D110
4 digital images Vintage Papers Postcards Roses
I made journal covers with parchment bags for my Scrapbooking club members. I printed them on ivory sketch paper, tore the images out and separated the words and writing sections. They have beautiful detail and vintage tones.
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Gorgeous files thank you so much!
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Roses and Postcards Women's Apron
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postcards decoupage | [
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Ciara joins her boyfriend Future for a romantic dinner after returning from her trip to Dubai | Daily Mail Online
Published: 17:14 EDT, 27 February 2013 | Updated: 02:42 EDT, 28 February 2013
Ciara's back in town and in the arms of her boyfriend.
The 27-year-old R&B star and her beau Future, aka Nayvadius Cash, were spotted at Mastro's Steakhouse in Beverly Hills, California on Tuesday.
Showing affection, Ciara Princess Harris cozied up to Future, linking her left hand around his right arm.
Cozied up: Ciara and her boyfriend Future were snapped linking arms as they enjoyed a night at Mastro's Steakhouse in Beverly Hills, California on Tuesday
Getting glammed up for their night out on the town, she revealed some skin in a sheer black button-down blouse that lay over her black brazier, and paired with her skintight leather pants.
She and her boyfriend also appeared to be wearing matching metal bracelets on their right wrists.
Matching bracelets: The couple showed their affection by wearing the same metal bracelets on their right wrists
Opting for a monochrome black outfit of a button-down pressed shirt, sleek pants and lace-up ankle boots, Future's outfit coordinated with Ciara's,
Trying to stay low key, the couple mostly kept their eyes on the ground during their stroll, and Future wore gradient-lens sunglasses, even covering his face with his left hand at one point.
This is the first time that the couple has been snapped together since Ciara returned from her trip to Dubai.
Dressing for date night: The R&B star wore a sheer black blouse and fur shall, as she styled her hair in a sophisticated top knot
On Friday, she shared pictures of her adventures, including a shot of her her proudly posing on a camel.
'My Ace Yoli Was Wit Me! We got to ride a camel for the 1st time!:) it was so cool!..#Dubai,' the Grammy winner tweeted to her 3.2 million followers, along with the photo.
But her rapper boyfriend was absent from the photos, until she posted a picture of him riding an elevator on Saturday.
'My Ace Yoli Was Wit Me! We got to ride a camel for the 1st time!:) it was so cool!..#Dubai,' the Grammy winner tweeted to her 3.2 million followers last week
Ciara joins her boyfriend Future for a romantic dinner after returning from her trip to Dubai | [
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Brian Walton finishes explaining which Cardinals players may join the Major League roster in September and which others may not. - St. Louis - Scout
Matt Holliday, Aledmys Diaz (Jeff Curry/USA TODAY Sports Images) Brian Walton finishes explaining which Cardinals players may join the Major League roster in September and which others may not.Brian Walton08/23/2016Brian Walton finishes explaining which St. Louis Cardinals players may join the Major League roster in September and why and which others may not.In Part 1 of this two-part series, I explained in detail why the St. Louis Cardinals should not need significant minor league call-ups in September. In a nutshell, the reason is that as many as eight major leaguers are working to come off the disabled list and rejoin St. Louis for the final month.
Because of a very tight 40-man roster and the eight other potential additions, I am predicting two call-ups, both of whom have St. Louis experience and are already on the 40-man – Dean Kiekhefer and Miguel Socolovich.
Here is a table illustrating how the active St. Louis roster would grow to the very considerable size of 35 players in the above scenario.
September adds (10)
60-day DL return (3)
15-day DL return (5)
Minors on 40-man (2)
60-day DL adds (1)
Because three of the eight injured Cardinals are currently on the 60-day disabled list, the fact the 40-man roster is full and just one current player not yet on the 40-man is clearly out for the season (Seth Maness), two other players would have to come off the current 40-man just to allow all eight to be activated.
In this case, the openings would have to be sourced from the five remaining 40-man roster players who I predict will not be called up. They are listed in the order in which I think they would be removed from the 40-man. In this scenario, I see infielder Dean Anna and outfielder Anthony Garcia most likely to lose their 40-man spots.
No Sept. promotion (5)
Minors on 40-man (two 40-man removals 1. Dean Anna
needed) 2. Anthony Garcia
4. Michael Ohlman
5. Mike Mayers
The gap between being brought up to St. Louis in September and being taken off the 40-man roster could be very thin indeed, especially for the above five.
If one wanted to look at the list of five from the bottom up, they would be the next-most likely September additions, in my opinion. They would begin with starting pitcher Mike Mayers, followed by the man who would essentially be the fourth catcher for the final month in Michael Ohlman and finally, outfielder Jose Martinez, an offensive leader of the Memphis lineup since being purchased from Kansas City in May.
I see three other players currently at Triple-A Memphis who could be viable candidates for addition to the 40-man roster and to make major league debuts in September – if it wasn’t for the space crunch, that is. Fortunately, the Arizona Fall League prospect showcase offers an ideal – and even perhaps a better - alternative for catcher Carson Kelly, outfielder Harrison Bader and left-handed reliever Ryan Sherriff to continue to improve. That is my best guess where the trio will finish their 2016 seasons.
Top promotion candidates
(to Arizona Fall League?)
Some may also see infielder Breyvic Valera and first baseman-outfielder David Washington as potential 40-man candidates, but I consider them a tier below the aforementioned group. Further, given the roster crunch and my sense that their MLB futures are unlikely, I don’t see them being added in September, without a wave of unexpected injuries in St. Louis. A more likely scenario
In my opinion, the above example is too optimistic in its view that all eight injured Cardinals will return in September. The reality is that the clock is ticking on the 2016 schedule. The minor league regular season has less than two weeks remaining, meaning most of the injured major leaguers may be trying to come back without the benefit of playing minor league rehab games first.
Three of them, however, are already on that path. Lance Lynn and Brayan Pena are currently playing in rehab games at A-Advanced Palm Beach, and Jordan Walden is apparently right behind. That makes their chances to reach St. Louis next month considerably better. They are the three on the 60-day DL currently, needing the aforementioned three 40-man spots.
However, we know very little about the potential recovery plans for pitchers Michael Wacha and Trevor Rosenthal. If they don’t start throwing very soon, I think their returns would have to move to the doubtful category. In fact, they may already be there.
The return of the injured Matts – Adams and Holliday – also is up for debate. The former has a shoulder injury about which nothing of substance has been communicated and the latter is trying to come back from thumb surgery conducted within the last week.
The best chance of returning among the injured players not yet rehabbing seems to be shortstop Aledmys Diaz. I say that because his hairline thumb fracture occurred back on July 31 - though the Cardinals’ original hope of the rookie returning at the beginning of September feels unlikely to me.
As you can tell by the quick summaries above, there is a non-zero chance that at least several of the five of the 15-day DL players do not make it back at all in 2016. As long as that total is two or more, then Anna and Garcia would not have to lose their 40-man roster spots. I still don’t think the pair would be called up, however. In fact, I think the Cardinals would be quite satisfied competing in September with 33 players instead of 35.
As mentioned above, Mayers would have the best chance of joining the September promotions if both Rosenthal and Wacha cannot return, for example. But again, I am not predicting that at this time.
However, just to carry this scenario one step further, if Rosenthal and Wacha cannot make it back, they could be moved to the 60-day DL themselves, creating room to add two more players, such from the group of Kelly, Bader and Sherriff. I still think the three will be Arizona-bound, instead, though.
Another factor that could change matters is new injuries to others the rest of the way. If the Cardinals’ unfortunate run of bad luck that began earlier in August continues, one or more of the non-call-ups could find their status changing.
When all is said and done, I think at least Wacha and Rosenthal will not make it back this season, with Holliday and Adams the next least likely to return. Moving the two pitchers plus Maness to the 60-day DL would create the three openings on the 40-man roster to accommodate the returns of Lynn, Walden and Pena. I predict only current 40-man roster players Kiekhefer and Socolovich will be promoted from Memphis in September and no first-time 40-man additions will be made. This would get St. Louis to 33 active players.
September adds (8)
15-day DL return (3)
60-day DL adds (3)
© 2016 The Cardinal Nation, thecardinalnation.com and scout.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. Share on Facebook Share on TwitterTrending on ScoutGrad Transfers Candidates Visit This WeekendLISTEN: Combine Questions On O-Line ProspectsAU Spring Preview 17: Tight Ends/H-backsUNC-UVa: Roy Williams PostgameNavy Modernizes Sub-Launched Nuclear WarheadThe Cardinal Nation Top StoriesCardinals MLB Notebook: Week of Feb. 20-26Last week’s St. Louis Cardinals news includes the first two spring games, an international free agent signing, team-building, return of a team Hall of Famer and more.by Marilyn GreenThe Cardinal NationYesterday at 6:50 PMCards’ New Cuban Pipeline Can Seek Out DiazThe St. Louis Cardinals have spent $5.5 million on Cuban free agents this year alone and could go higher. They already have a trailblazer in their clubhouse in shortstop Aledmys…by Brian WaltonThe Cardinal NationSaturday at 6:34 AMCardinals Sign Cuban OF Jose Adolis GarciaThe St. Louis Cardinals have added a Cuban outfielder on a minor league contract with an invitation to Major League camp.by St. Louis Cardinals press releaseThe Cardinal NationFriday at 5:29 PM2017 Cardinals Prospects: What the Others SayOur ninth annual analysis and consolidation of national top 10 lists of St. Louis Cardinals prospects from seven different national entities – comparing them to our own list, of…by Brian WaltonThe Cardinal NationFriday at 8:01 AMScout's Top-100 MLB Prospects: Players 80-71Scout.com unveils its 2017 top-100 MLB prospects ranking. Here is an in-depth look on each of the players from 80-71.by Jeff Ellis / Taylor Blake WardScouting BaseballThursday at 7:37 PM2017 Cards Minors Spring Training SchedulesTriple-A, Double-A and Single-A schedules for St. Louis Cardinals prospects during 2017 spring training in Florida.by Brian WaltonThe Cardinal Nation02/01/2017Buy-Low Candidate: Cards OF Randal GrichukAfter failing to meet the high expectations placed upon him in 2016 by Fantasy owners, St. Louis Cardinals OF Randal Grichuk and his big-time power potential are being drafted at a…by Adam RonisScout FantasyFriday at 8:47 AMMaking Odds on Cardinals Non-Roster InviteesSeveral among the St. Louis Cardinals’ 27 non-roster invitees to big league camp seem to have a reasonable chance to make St. Louis out of spring camp.by Brian WaltonThe Cardinal NationThursday at 5:00 AMRising, Falling Stock of 2017 Cards ProspectsOur annual in-depth breakdown of year-to-year changes in the lists of those invited to the St. Louis Cardinals’ various spring camps.by Brian WaltonThe Cardinal NationWednesday at 6:14 AMCardinals 2017 Photo Day: Position PlayersHeadshots of 31 St. Louis Cardinals position players and five coaches from the team’s annual photo day in Major League camp.by The Cardinal Nation staffThe Cardinal Nation02/20/2017St. Louis Cardinals 2017 Photo Day: PitchersHeadshots of 35 St. Louis Cardinals hurlers and five coaches from the team’s annual photo day in Major League camp.by The Cardinal Nation staffThe Cardinal Nation02/20/2017Cardinals MLB Notebook: Week of Feb. 13-19Last week’s St. Louis Cardinals news includes a season-ending injury, a rare arbitration hearing, a suspension and more – all in the first week of spring training camp.by Marilyn GreenThe Cardinal Nation02/20/2017Load More | [
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Japan Express - CLOSED155 Bonanza Dr Ste 115Fayetteville, NC 28303(910) 864-8800Japanese RestaurantsRestaurantsDirectionsMore InfoRooms & Rates »Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collectionInaccurate Result?26. Ichiban Express3350 Footbridge LnFayetteville, NC 28306(910) 339-5070Japanese RestaurantsRestaurantsWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoRooms & Rates »Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collectionInaccurate Result?27. Tokyo's Express3114 N Main St Ste 102Hope Mills, NC 28348(910) 423-2700Japanese RestaurantsRestaurantsWebsiteDirectionsMore InfoRooms & Rates »Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collectionInaccurate Result?28. Hibachi Express(1)1195 N Bragg BlvdSpring Lake, NC 28390(910) 436-2907Japanese RestaurantsRestaurantsDirectionsMore InfoRooms & Rates »Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collectionInaccurate Result?29. Muncheez Express5609 Fayetteville RdRaeford, NC 28376(910) 904-0321RestaurantsDirectionsMore InfoRooms & Rates »Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collectionInaccurate Result?30. China Express(1)1659 Buffalo Lake RdSanford, NC 27332(919) 499-0885RestaurantsChinese RestaurantsDirectionsMore InfoRooms & Rates »Sponsored LinksShowing1-30
of 41results12NextIf we're missing a business and you'd like to make a suggestion, please do! Add a business.Add a New CollectionOops! There was a problem saving the new custom collection.Please try again.Collection Name cannot be emptyUpload a Photo(optional)Remaining Characters: 100Remaining Characters: 500CancelSaveMap ViewFeatured Japanese Restaurantsin Fayetteville, North CarolinaAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your food collection!Error when adding to food collectionThis business was removed from the food collectionInaccurate Result?Shogun Buffet And Hibachi Grill220 Jackson CtLumb, NC 28538(910) 272-1500WebsiteVirtual TourDirectionsMore InfoSponsored Fayetteville Kyoto expressPhoneWebsiteMoreAboutAbout UsSite FeedbackContact UsAdvertise with UsCareers - We're HiringEngineering BlogLegal | [
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Patent US7187376 - Displaying views on computer screens - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsMethods and apparatus for displaying views in computer windows. If a user links to a new view while there are unsaved changes in the current view, the system may offer the user to display the new view in a separate window. In other aspects, the system displays the new view in a separate window if there...http://www.google.com/patents/US7187376?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7187376 - Displaying views on computer screensAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7187376 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/232,948Publication dateMar 6, 2007Filing dateAug 30, 2002Priority dateJun 4, 2002Fee statusPaidAlso published asEP1516265A2, US20030222919, WO2003102912A2, WO2003102912A3Publication number10232948, 232948, US 7187376 B2, US 7187376B2, US-B2-7187376, US7187376 B2, US7187376B2InventorsRainer BrendleOriginal AssigneeSap AktiengesellschaftExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (15), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (4), Classifications (9), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetDisplaying views on computer screens
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5715415Jun 5, 1996Feb 3, 1998Microsoft CorporationComputer application with help pane integrated into workspaceUS5933140Jun 30, 1997Aug 3, 1999Sun Microsystems, Inc.Child window containing context-based help and a miniaturized web pageUS6098081May 6, 1996Aug 1, 2000Microsoft CorporationHypermedia navigation using soft hyperlinksUS6134552Jan 28, 1998Oct 17, 2000Sap AktiengesellschaftKnowledge provider with logical hyperlinksUS6314422Dec 9, 1997Nov 6, 2001Chrysler CorporationMethod for softlinking between documents in a vehicle diagnostic systemUS7137072 *Oct 17, 2002Nov 14, 2006Sun Microsystems, Inc.Method and system for managing documents modified while being viewed in a browser windowUS20020054123Feb 9, 1998May 9, 2002Ralph E. WaldenAccess of online information featuring automatic hide/show functionUS20030222919 *Aug 30, 2002Dec 4, 2003Rainer BrendleDisplaying views on computer screensUS20060248442 *Apr 29, 2005Nov 2, 2006Rosenstein Justin MWeb page authoring tool for structured documentsEP0889418A2Jun 26, 1998Jan 7, 1999Sun Microsystems Inc.Abstract URL resolution via relocation serviceEP0961202A1Dec 10, 1998Dec 1, 1999Hewlett-Packard CompanySharing of web session environment informationEP1221661A2Jan 2, 2002Jul 10, 2002Openwave Systems Inc.Method and apparatus for dynamically updating a HTML based user interfaceWO2000055711A1Mar 16, 2000Sep 21, 2000Neill Damien OSystem and method for implementing a computer help functionWO2001009714A2Jul 28, 2000Feb 8, 2001Respondtv IncMethod, apparatus, and computer program product for deferred completion of multi-step user transaction applicationsWO2001057718A2Jan 31, 2001Aug 9, 2001America Online IncSystem and process for delivering and rendering scalable web pages* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1"How to Force a New Window In Mosaic 2.4"[online],Google Groups Nov. 12, 1994, [Retrieved on Apr. 7, 2006]. Retrieved from the Internet: URL:http://groups.google.com/groups/comp.infosystems.www.providers/browse<SUB>-</SUB>thread/thread/4cce598a9499030e/3b0c60f69f4ac4ed.2Gralla, "How Hypertext Works," How the Internet Works, Sixth Edition, Copyright 2002 by Que, Chapter 24, pp. 148-151.3http://forums.devshed.com/t13437/s.html-"Discussion Forums" Apr. 12-15, 2001, retreived from Internet on Sep. 17, 2003.4 *Mastering Microsoft Office 2000 Professional Edition. Courter et al. p. 30. Sybex. 1999.5 *Microsoft Internet Explorer. Version 6. 1995-2001. Figs. 1-6.6 *Microsoft Internet Explorer. Version 6. Copyright 1995-2001. Figures 4-5.7 *Microsoft Word 2000. Copyrignt 1983-1999. Figures 1-3.8Smith et al. "Guidelines for Designing User Interface Software" the MITRE Corporation, obtained from the Internet on Nov. 25, 2004 at http://www.dfki.de/{jameson/hcida/papers/smith-mosier.pdf>, document dated Aug. 1986.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8205150Jan 22, 2007Jun 19, 2012Cfph, LlcDocument changesUS8694881Aug 17, 2009Apr 8, 2014Cfph, LlcViewing file modificationsUS8984409 *Sep 9, 2010Mar 17, 2015Salesforce.Com, Inc.Service cloud consoleUS20110225500 *Sep 9, 2010Sep 15, 2011Salesforce.Com, Inc.Service Cloud Console* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification345/418, 715/700International ClassificationG06F17/30, G06T1/00, G09G5/00, G06F3/048, G06F3/033Cooperative ClassificationG06F3/0481European ClassificationG06F3/0481Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionAug 27, 2014FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Aug 26, 2014ASAssignmentOwner name: SAP SE, GERMANYEffective date: 20140707Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SAP AG;REEL/FRAME:033625/0334Sep 2, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jun 9, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: SAP AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANYFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BRENDLE, RAINER;REEL/FRAME:013717/0614Effective date: 20030515RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services | [
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Vtg Finger Hand Towels Pastel Floral Pink Green Blue Orange | Etsy
Materials: applique, embroidered, embroidery, stitched, floral
Vtg Table Runner 6 Napkin Set Mint Green White Embroidery Floral Dainty Linen
Vtg Red Silk Scarf 27" Delicate Designer Floral Pink Gold Daisy Signed 60s 70s
Vtg Odette Barsa Robe Ivory White Dainty Floral Embroidery Satin Poly Wms Sm Med
Set of three matching vintage tea, finger, hand towels in lovely bright pastels. Each has a sweet little floral embroidery with amazing detail and colors. The two seafoam or mint green bordered towels are the same and the pink is similar. Each measures 12.5 x 21". The pink has one tiny dark pin dot size stain near the top (away from floral embellishment). No major flaws. Free from tears or odors.
Fabric cotton print Pastel floral pink, green
White Shirt 6-Finger Hand Design
VTG 80s 90s Fairy kei sweater pastel floral pink blue white SPUNKY womens L T8
Fabric cotton print Pastel floral pink, purple
Black Shirt 6-Finger Hand Design
Vintage Hand Towels (1) or Fingertip Towels (2) by Saturday Knight, Cream w/ Pastel Floral Ribbon Embroidery
4 Intex Finger Hand Sign Charms Antique Silver - SC7108
Pull my finger - hand that shows - patch - patches - linocut-art - hand made - lovely
Rosebud orange embroidered hand bag charm
jean jacket with attitude, middle finger, hand made one of kind. Sz: L
Pastel Floral Wreath
CurlyHuesArt
Orange embroidered picture "Dancer" | [
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http://www.overstock.com/Home-Garden/Kraus-Parts-Vessel-Sink-Pop-up-Drain-and-Mounting-Ring/3682602/product.html?recSet=f32a5e05-b888-485e-9677-02f374ed95b9 | [
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THE 10 BEST Coker Creek Vacation Rentals, Apartments (with Photos) | TripAdvisor - Book Vacation Rentals in Coker Creek, TN
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The following rentals are within 15 miles of Coker Creek.
cWNWXzZfdGx4other travelers have booked this property
Great cabin life for the time we were there.
We stayed there at the end of October 2018. It was great. The cabin lived up to everything in the ad. We did not meet the owners, Larry and Rosemary, I believe, but their son...
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Minutes from Ocoee River Whitewater Rafting- Sleeps 6. Adam's Cove is a cabin and 118 acre family homestead that has been with the Adam's family for several generations. They have decided to share this special property with our guests. The cabin sits on top of the hill overlooking rolling...
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*Please note the homeowner’s house and another vacation rental unit are on-site; homeowners and other travelers may be present during your stay* Grab your family and friends to spend your days relaxing in privacy at ‘Point of View,’ a 3-bedroom, 1-bathroom cabin in Tellico Plains. Conveniently...
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Local time: 03:15 AM (EST) | [
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2 bedroom house for sale in Semington Road, Melksham, Wiltshire, SN12
www.rightmove.co.uk/property/83996210
Victorian 2 Bed Semi Detached
We are delighted to offer for sale this 2 BEDROOM PERIOD SEMI DETACHED COTTAGE with views to the front across open fields in this semi rural location. The accommodation includes a living room with rural views and open fire, snug with beautiful stone fireplace and open fire, open plan kitchen/ dining room with French doors to the garden & a separate utility room. Upstairs the master bedroom has panoramic views and there is a second double bedroom with a large family bathroom. The well-presented accommodation is complimented by a delightful rear garden with gated side access to the driveway, in this sought after location. In short we would advice an internal viewing to fully appreciate all that this property has to offer.
To view this media, please visit the on-line version of this page at www.rightmove.co.uk/property-for-sale/property-83996210.html?premiumA=true
Disclaimer - Property reference 29017211. The information displayed about this property comprises a property advertisement. Rightmove.co.uk makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the advertisement or any linked or associated information, and Rightmove has no control over the content. This property advertisement does not constitute property particulars. The information is provided and maintained by Strakers, Corsham. Please contact the selling agent or developer directly to obtain any information which may be available under the terms of The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 or the Home Report if in relation to a residential property in Scotland.
22 Dec 2014 516 Semington Road, SN12 £165,000
09 Aug 2013 522 Semington Road, SN12 £170,500
12 Mar 2008 514 Semington Road, SN12 £265,000 | [
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A typical modern scientists laptop, filled with important research. Photograph: Kai Pfaffenbach/REUTERS
Friday 5 August 2016 08.41 EDT Last modified on Tuesday 9 May 2017 13.31 EDT
We are in the midst of a selfie epidemic. The World Health Organisation is stockpiling selfie vaccines as we speak, which are weakened pictures of yourself injected into the bloodstream to allow your immune systems to fight them off. Probably. I don’t know.
People document every moment of their lives, and now this culture has infiltrated academia. Who’d have thought that academia would behave similarly to the human society of which it is a part? It boggles the mind.
Before I go further, let me explain; I am not a cranky old professor, or a student, criticising the use of online communication by scientists, in an online article, with no apparent sense of irony. I’m a jobbing lecturer/tutor whose attempts to produce publishable research were thwarted by circumstance and bad luck, so I had scarce hope of a decent job in the current “publish or perish” climate that pervades academia far more insidiously and damagingly than an enthusiasm for Instagram. Embracing Twitter and the online world essentially saved my bacon and allowed me to provide for my family.
But that’s just me. I’m probably the only person to miss out on a lucrative science career due to bad luck, it’s not like the field is oversubscribed and competition fierce or anything. Everyone knows becoming a successful scientist is just a matter of working round the clock all day every day, communicating with as few people as possible and having no life outside the lab, so what’s the point of social media?
Using social media to impress people with your research and other projects has now become a professional concern for many academics. Previously, they’d have to impress people by standing next to complicated posters in conferences and hoping an interested person wandered into their eye-line. Social media has clearly made this meticulously efficient method less productive, for reasons that definitely exist.
When did it become acceptable to use your phone throughout a lecture or presentation? Sure, you may be spreading the presenter’s work far and wide, increasing their potential audience by orders of magnitude, but that just means normal people might see it. Who wants that? Plus, you can’t possibly be smart enough to both follow the presentation and tweet at the same time. If you were, you’d be an academic or something.
Perhaps I’m naïve, but I need to believe that employability is not directly correlated to how many likes you get on social media. But no, I’ve lost count of the number of times I’ve been beaten to a job by someone who had more Twitter followers than me, or a better mastery of Instagram filters. Admittedly, I sometimes struggle to count to one, but the point still stands.
I’ve even encountered some scientific staff who encourage social media use. I know many who don’t talk too well to people in person but are happy to communicate online. It’s as if science attracts socially awkward types who aren’t outwardly confident in person but can use the safer and more ordered environments of social media and technology to communicate more freely and enthusiastically, and thus get greater enjoyment out of life? What a totally ridiculous notion!
Some scientists even go further and express opinions about important issues like the EU referendum. They talk about things that are nothing to do with their work! Engaging with the public, who might not agree with them. This risks alienating the taxpayers who fund our work. Much better to maintain an illusion that we’re all totally passive drones with no views of our own.
I realise I am using the fact that our work is funded by taxes to argue that we should show utter deference to those outside our field, despite earlier condemning anyone who tries to share our work with the very people who pay for it. No, YOU’RE inconsistent!
Becca Harrison (@BeccaEHarrison)
This social media craze in science has gone too far. Surely the dedication I show in the lab should be enough to get me promotions and respect? It’s not like I’m a woman or anything. Why can’t I just do my job and rely on everyone else recognising my brilliance and rewarding me in a manner that I feel I deserve?
What’s the point of academia if it doesn’t conform to my own specific preferences?
Dean Burnett emphasises his lack of seriousness as a scientist in his debut book The Idiot Brain, available now in the UK, USA and Canada. | [
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Gorgeous Vintage Women Boho Crochet Bolero Vest Off by Craftasy
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Pac-10 Preview: Week 2 - Ucla - Scout
Pac-10 Preview: Week 2The Sports XChange09/10/2010Many conference teams will face quite a bit stiffer competition in the second week of the season, with Oregon on the road against Tennessee, and UCLA and Stanford play each other to start the Pac-10 race...=======ARIZONA=======INSIDE SLANT Arizona entered the season unsure about its rebuilt defense, but the Wildcats exited their 41-2 victory at Toledo with more optimism than ever. In the week before the game, coach Mike Stoops said he was seeing the signs he needed to see from his defense -- effort, attention to detail, speed. Still, with seven new starters, including all three linebackers, the learning curve was supposed to be at least a couple of games. While the offense was spectacular at times against Toledo -- Juron Criner made a pair of "Play of the Day" catches -- the defense emerged as the main storyline, not allowing any points and giving up just 183 yards. "To shut them out, that was really important for our defense," Stoops said. "We'll gain from this. I thought our new kids played well. ... I saw a lot of stuff out there that we need to clean up, but I'm very pleased with our attitude and the way we prepared. This has been a hard place to play for a lot of people. To get a shutout is very satisfying for our players." Arizona will play against more potent offenses in what looks to be a great year for offense in the Pac-10, but Toledo isn't a weakling on that side of the ball. To hold the Rockets below any yardage total they had last season was a significant accomplishment for a young defense that looked fast and athletic. It will also build confidence in Arizona's new co-defensive coordinators. Linebackers coach Tim Kish called the defensive schemes from the coach's box, while secondary coach Greg Brown handled duties from the sideline. "This is a new experience for a lot of coaches," Stoops said. "For the defensive guys to get a shutout in the first game, that's neat. I'm happy for those guys." Same goes for the entire team as the Wildcats look to roll in Week 2 at home against The Citadel.NOTES, QUOTES --Arizona was the first Pac-10 team to play in a Mid-American Conference stadium. The Wildcats' win dropped Toledo to 0-5 all-time against the Pac-10. --The game against Toledo was the middle of a three-game series between the schools. Arizona also won 41-16 in Tucson in 2008. The next game will be in Tucson in the 2012 season. GAME BALL GOES TO: WR Juron Criner -- The junior, who missed the majority of camp because of a concussion and mouth injury, was spectacular in the opener. He caught a variety of short passes and turned them into decent gains, and then made two big plays down the field in the second half. One of his highlights was a 45-yard reception, made falling down as he used his right hand to knock a pass off the defender and onto his own legs, where he secured the ball while on his back. He also made a 32-yard over-the-shoulder touchdown grab in the end zone. Criner had 11 catches for 187 yards -- outgaining the entire Toledo team by himself. KEEP AN EYE ON: RB Nic Grigsby -- He rushed for 135 yards against Toledo when the teams met in 2008, and although he wasn't that prolific Friday, he had perhaps the key play of the game. Arizona's offense had stalled in the first half, and the Wildcats led only 7-2 when Grigsby, using his cutback skills, darted through the Toledo defense for a 36-yard score with 3:03 to go before half. He ended with eight carries for 53 yards. QUOTE TO NOTE: "We were the question mark going into this -- the linebackers. I think I can speak for Derek and Jake in saying that we wanted to come out and show -- mostly our fans but America, too -- that we are capable and that this defense isn't the weak link. We hope to continue to get better and just be a great team." -- LB Paul Vassallo, one of Arizona's three new starting linebackers, along with Derek Earls and Jake Fischer.STRATEGY AND PERSONNEL LOOKING GOOD: Each member of the new starting linebacker crew did some good things, helping ease concerns about that unit. Junior college transfer Paul Vassallo led the team in tackles with 10, including one for loss. Derek Earls, another junior college transfer, looked great in pass coverage, breaking up three passes and coming up with an interception to set up a touchdown just before the half. Sophomore Jake Fischer, who often came out in nickel situations, had six tackles and one sack. --QB Nick Foles was mostly working quick hitters and screen passes, so it wasn't a surprise that his completion percentage was high. But he also fired passes into small areas over the middle and dropped a few touch passes right into the arms of his receivers, such as a 9-yarder to David Douglas in the back of the end zone to end the first drive of the season. Foles was 32 of 37 for 360 yards, and that 86.5 percent accuracy set a school record (minimum 30 completions). STILL NEEDS WORK: The offensive line didn't exactly blow Toledo off the ball, with the running game producing 105 yards on 25 attempts. The worse moment came in the first half, when left guard Conan Amituanai was called for holding in the end zone, resulting in a safety and Toledo's only points of the game. --The extra point after Arizona's fifth touchdown went awry because of a bad snap from true freshman long-snapper Chase Gorham. ROSTER REPORT: --Backup QB Matt Scott entered the game early in the second quarter in a tough spot, with Arizona backed up to its 4-yard line. He had apparently scrambled for a first down on third-and-11, but that was the play in which Arizona was called for holding in the end zone. --FB Taimi Tutogi, who was questionable entering the game after missing most of fall camp because of an ankle injury, did see some action against Toledo. He let a high pass from Nick Foles go off his hands for an interception.=============ARIZONA STATE=============INSIDE SLANT The opponent -- in this case, lower-division Portland State -- didn't much matter. Arizona State had a new, fast-paced, no-huddle offense and simply needed to see how it would handle. Coach Dennis Erickson liked what he saw after the first test drive of the season. Arizona State, with new quarterback Steven Threet, new starting running back Cameron Marshall and new coordinator Noel Mazzone, beat up on Portland State 54-9 on Sept. 4, gaining 553 total yards. "No disrespect to Portland State by any means, but we had better players than they did. The good thing is we executed and I thought our speed showed up and we got the big play," Erickson said. "It was good. We haven't moved the ball like that against anybody in a long time." That was the encouraging sign for Erickson, who went for a makeover of his offense after last season, when Arizona State couldn't scratch together enough points to take advantage of the best defense in the Pac-10 and finished 4-8. Early in the 2010 season opener, the Sun Devils struggled with dropped passes and errant shotgun snaps but settled down to make the big play against an inferior opponent. Arizona State had four scoring plays of at least 28 yards, including two of at least 50 yards. "People know what we're going to do now so it's not going to be quite as easy as it was tonight, but we're just going to have to get better," Erickson said. "But it was fun to watch them play and watch them make plays." Arizona State will get another Football Championship Subdivision foe Sept. 11 when it plays host to Northern Arizona.NOTES, QUOTES --Arizona State's 54 points against Portland State was its most in a game since a 63-16 win over Temple on Sept. 1, 2005. Also, the Sun Devils scored 30 points in the first half, their most since getting 31 against San Jose State on Sept. 1, 2007. --True freshman RB Deantre Lewis scored three touchdowns in his first college game -- on a 28-yard reception, a 62-yard reception and a 3-yard run. He ended up with three catches for 100 yards and five carries for 24 yards. GAME BALL GOES TO: QB Steven Threet -- Substandard quarterback play was a problem for the Sun Devils last season, but Threet, who started eight games at Michigan in 2008, hopes to change that. He was 14 of 21 for 239 yards, with two touchdowns and one interception, in the opener -- and his completion percentage would have been better is not for some flat-out drops by his receivers. Threet helped ASU keep a good pace in its new no-huddle spread offense. KEEP AN EYE ON: RB Cameron Marshall -- The sophomore is taking over as the primary tailback for the Sun Devils, and he showed his burst early when he found a big hole on the left side and charged through it for a 50-yard score. He added a 38-yard scoring run in the first quarter and a 5-yard score just before the half. He finished with this unusual line: four rushes for 104 yards. "The holes were open, so a big shout-out to the O-line and the tight end for leading the blocking," he said. QUOTE TO NOTE: "We need to continue to improve, but we have more depth than we've ever had and when that happens, you're going to be better on cover teams and better on return teams and you're just going to be faster at covering because you have better players doing it." -- Coach Dennis Erickson, on special teams play in the season-opener. STRATEGY AND PERSONNEL LOOKING GOOD: Junior college transfer safety Eddie Elder was inconsistent in camp, which was a bit baffling after his strong spring practice. Nevertheless, he earned a starting spot in the opener and made that decision look good. Elder picked off a pass, and his pressure on Portland State QB Connor Kavanaugh forced an intentional grounding penalty in the end zone, resulting in a safety. --Senior PK Thomas Weber, who won the Lou Groza Award as the nation's best kicker as a freshman, struggled last season because of a groin injury. His longest made kick in 2009 was a 35-yard extra-point attempt. He could be back in his All-America form, however, hitting a 52-yard field goal in the fourth quarter against Portland State. He did miss earlier, however, from 33 yards. STILL NEEDS WORK: Arizona State was the worst team in the nation last season in penalties (9.25 per game) and penalty yards (84.67 per game). On the Sun Devils' second snap of the season opener, they were penalized for a false start. It took less than six minutes of game time for ASU to be assessed its first unsportsmanlike conduct penalty of the season. ASU had three major penalties (two others were declined) as it rang up 11 flags for 93 yards. ROSTER REPORT: --Junior WR Gerell Robinson, expected to be a big factor in ASU's new spread offense, missed most of camp because of a hamstring injury and did not play in the opener. --Sophomore DT William Sutton, who was second string in camp, and redshirt freshman LB Anthony Jones were declared academically ineligible before the season. --Second-string DT Corey Adams (torn meniscus in left knee) likely will miss the first three weeks of the season. --Junior college transfer Brice Schwab started his first game at ASU at right guard. ==========CALIFORNIA========== INSIDE SLANT Keenan Allen's performance in Cal's 52-3 victory over UC Davis in the Bears' season opener Sept. 4 provoked the obvious question: Can he do anything similar against a team like Colorado, Cal's opponent in its second game Sept. 11 in Berkeley? Allen, a true freshman wide receiver, was the star of the opener, providing a number of big plays in his college debut, albeit against a Football Championship Series school. One play provided a capsule report of his football skills. Early in the second quarter, Allen took a handoff on an end-around designed for him to pass the ball. When he saw no one open, he simply reversed his field, weaved his way through the defense and scored on a dramatic touchdown run that officially covered 18 yards, but actually totaled about 50 yards. Those few seconds told us a lot about Allen: --Cal coaches will do anything to get him the ball, which means handing it to him on end-arounds. He carried three times Sept. 4. --Allen can throw the ball. Although he did not get an opportunity to do so, the mere fact that the play called for a pass suggested he's a proficient thrower. --He showed good judgment. When he saw the intended receiver covered, Allen did not force the ball, never panicked or hesitated and looked for somewhere to run instead. -- Allen can make something out of nothing while carrying the ball, showing a willingness to be creative while following blockers effectively and making tacklers miss. "That play speaks not only to his athleticism but to his intelligence as a player," Cal offensive coordinator Andy Ludwig said. Allen has an efficient elegance that makes everything he does look effortless and screams stardom. "He's unreal," Cal linebacker Mike Mohamed said. "He's just a natural with the ball in his hands," quarterback Kevin Riley said. "Give him a chance to make a play and he will." Allen played a little more than half the game, but he chalked up 176 all-purpose yards on his eight touches (he also returned a kickoff 18 yards). He had 120 receiving yards on four catches and scored two touchdowns. Things won't be this easy in the games to come. UC Davis does not have the athletes of Pac-10 schools or Colorado, Cal's next opponent. The Buffaloes beat Colorado State 24-3 in their opener, limiting the Rams to 49 rushing yards. Colorado intercepted three passes and did not yield a point until the fourth quarter. Colorado will join the Pac-10 either next season or in 2012.NOTES, QUOTES --The win was the 68th for Cal coach Jeff Tedford, moving him ahead of Pappy Waldorf for the most wins by a Cal coach in the modern era. The school's all-time leader in coaching wins is Andy Smith, who got the last of his 74 wins in 1925. --Cal is 9-0 against UC Davis, outscoring the Aggies by a combined 351-23. Prior to the Sept. 4 game, the last time the schools met was 1939. --Keenan Allen was hit with an unsportsmanlike conduct penalty for slapping hands with a fan after his touchdown catch in the third quarter. "I didn't know you couldn't do that until after the play," he said. Any contact by a player with a fan is an automatic penalty. --Cal's defense held UC Davis to 81 yards total offense. It was the first time Cal held a team under 150 yards since the Bears limited San Jose State to 147 yards in 1994. Cal did not have records on the last time it limited an opponent to fewer yards. GAME BALL GOES TO: WR Keenan Allen -- The true freshman touched the ball eight times (four receptions, three runs and a kickoff return) in a little over one half and had 176 all-purpose yards. He had 120 receiving yards, scored one rushing touchdown and one receiving touchdown. And every play in which he was involved was a mini-highlight film. Granted, it was against UC Davis, but he is a big play waiting to happen. KEEP AN EYE ON: RB Isi Sofele -- Shane Vereen's backup rushed for 52 yards on nine carries, including an impressive 17-yard run on his first carry, showing that he has big-play potential. Sofele won a preseason battle to become the backup, a position that gets a lot of work in Jeff Tedford's offense. Sofele is also an excellent pass receiver, although he did not catch any passes against UC Davis. QUOTE TO NOTE: "He can do almost anything." -- Jeff Tedford, on freshman WR Keenan Allen.STRATEGY AND PERSONNEL LOOKING GOOD: The Cal defense yielded only 81 yards total offense against UC Davis, and if that is an indication of things to come, Cal should do well this season. The Bears have a new defensive coordinator in Clancy Pendergast, and he is giving the defense a variety of looks, primarily to help rush the passer. The Bears' pass defense, which was terrible last season, yielded only 67 passing yards as UC Davis quarterbacks went 9-for-25. Whether the defense is really as good as it played in the opener may be determined in the Bears' second game against Colorado. STILL NEEDS WORK: QB Kevin Riley had a good game overall, going 14-for-20, but he fumbled a snap to end the Bears' first drive, and made a few bad decisions that resulted in penalties. The Bears need him to be consistent to be successful. After completing his first nine passes, he was just 5-for-11, and one of those completions came on a great catch by Marvin Jones that would have been ruled pass interference if he hadn't caught it. ROSTER REPORT: --Freshman LB Dave Wilkerson, cleared by the NCAA earlier in the week, played quite a bit in the opener and made a tackle. He had been held out of practice for much of the preseason because his academic records had not been approved by the NCAA. --TB Shane Vereen missed a lot of preseason camp with a hamstring injury, but he showed no ill effects of the injury in the opener and said afterward that it feels fine. --OT Matt Summers-Gavin returned to practice a few days before the opener after missing most of preseason camp with a knee injury. He did not play in the opener but may play in the Sept. 11 game against Colorado.======OREGON======INSIDE SLANT Oregon, even without suspended running back LaMichael James and with quarterback Jeremiah Masoli playing for Mississippi, is off to a record-breaking start. The Ducks still have all kinds of skill and speed in their read-option offense, which rolled over hapless New Mexico 72-0 on Sept. 4. Oregon gained a school-record 720 yards total offense and set an Autzen Stadium record with 35 first downs. Oregon led 59-0 at halftime, so the final score and all the stats could have been much more lopsided if the Ducks had kept the accelerator all the way to the floor. "They didn't exceed my expectations," coach Chip Kelly told the Oregonian, talking about his team. "We go out and just play. We didn't talk before the game about how many points we were going to score. The only thing I want to know is how hard our players play. I thought they played really hard today." James, a speedy sophomore, will be back for a much tougher game Sept. 11 -- at Tennessee -- but it was another speedy sophomore, Kenjon Barner, who stole the show against New Mexico. Barner scored five touchdowns, including a 60-yard reception on a screen pass, in the first 21:09 of the game. All in all, the rout of New Mexico was a great launching pad into a big non-conference game, and it was just what the 11th-ranked Ducks needed to erase the memories of the Rose Bowl loss to Ohio State, which was followed by a tumultuous offseason. So, bring on Tennessee. "We got a tough SEC team, and we're expecting bigger guys and more speed all around," linebacker Casey Matthews told the Portland Tribune. "We're expecting a little tougher opponent."NOTES, QUOTES --Oregon, which arguably has the fastest defense in the Pac-10, smothered New Mexico in the opener, forcing five turnovers and holding the Lobos to 107 total yards. It was the first shutout for Oregon since a 35-0 victory over visiting Stanford in 2003. "I thought the D-line was relentless and that was a big deal for us," coach Chip Kelly said. --Second-year coach Chip Kelly remained undefeated at home. He is 8-0 in Autzen Stadium, and the Ducks have won 11 in a row in the loudest stadium in the Pac-10. GAME BALL GOES TO: RB Kenjon Barner -- The sophomore was unstoppable, rushing 17 times for 147 yards and four touchdowns, and turning a screen pass into a 60-yard touchdown -- all of which came in the first half. "I didn't ever imagine that'd happen," he said of his five touchdowns. "They were all fun. I had five touchdowns in high school, but I never expected five in college. Unbelievable." When LaMichael James returns this week from suspension, Barner will be considered "1-A" on the depth chart. KEEP AN EYE ON: CB Cliff Harris -- The sophomore took over for Kenjon Barner on punt returns in the second quarter and scored twice against New Mexico, on returns of 61 and 64 yards. So, he is 2-for-2 on the only two punt returns of his college career. "I can't even put it into words," he told the Salem Statesman Journal. Barner is still the regular punt returner, however, and figures to be back at that spot Sept. 11 at Tennessee. QUOTE TO NOTE: "I've been saying all along, I think he's the most underrated player in the country." -- Coach Chip Kelly, on sophomore running back Kenjon Barner, who scored five touchdowns in the first half against New Mexico.STRATEGY AND PERSONNEL LOOKING GOOD: Oregon had two players rush for at least 100 yards against New Mexico -- Kenjon Barner (17 carries for 147 yards) and Remene Alston (21 carries, 110 yards). That marks the fifth time in the last 21 games the Ducks have had a pair of rushers reach triple digits. --Sophomore quarterback Darron Thomas, making his first career start after beating out fifth-year senior Nate Costa, threw an interception while attempting a screen pass on Oregon's opening drive. Thomas didn't panic after that, settling in to complete 13 of 23 passes for 220 yards and two touchdowns, before being pulled from the game late in the first half with the Ducks sporting a huge lead. "I thought Darron did a nice job in his first start taking what the defense gave him," coach Chip Kelly said. "He did a nice job playing within himself. Most guys are so high that they throw the first ball out of the stadium." STILL NEEDS WORK: While almost everything went right in the opener, coach Chip Kelly wasn't thrilled about the seven penalties for 70 yards against New Mexico. "We will clean up some penalties," he said. ROSTER REPORT: --Freshman walk-on PK Eric Solis handled the place-kicking in the opener because of a one-game suspension for PK Rob Beard. Solis made 11 kicks -- eight PATs and field goals of 24, 29 and 30 yards. After making 11 in a row, he had a 26-yard field goal attempt blocked in the fourth quarter. --True freshman DT Ricky Heimuli played in the opener and was credited with a pass breakup. --Sophomore RB LaMichael James, who was suspended for the season-opener against New Mexico, watched from the sideline. He will be available for the Sept. 11 game at Tennessee.============OREGON STATE============INSIDE SLANT A bye this early in the season isn't the usual, but what can Oregon State do?"It is what it is," OSU coach Mike Riley said. There's also the thought that maybe it isn't such a bad time for a week without a game, knowing the Beavers still have another bye in October when they reach the midpoint of their schedule. The week off now gives them some extra time to get over the voiced disappointment and frustration of missing a chance at posting a noteworthy victory over a top-10 team, instead of dropping a 30-21 decision to TCU at Cowboys Stadium. With no game in front of the Beavers until the home opener Sept. 18 against Louisville, OSU can do some work in the front lines both offensively and defensively. More than passes off target -- Ryan Katz was 9 of 25 in his debut as the starting quarterback -- or miscommunication that led to a late safety, OSU's issues are as basic and blocking and tackling. On offense, the Beavers ended up with a net rushing total of 73 yards, with Heisman Trophy candidate Jacquizz Rodgers limited to 75 yards on 18 rushes. Without more balance, opposing defenses are going to keep up the pressure on Katz. Defensively, OSU tried to stave off the heat and humidity with a steady rotation of linemen and linebackers, using eight of the latter. Or maybe it was an attempt to find somebody who could stand up to the Horned Frogs, or corral one of those TCU running backs or scrambling quarterback Andy Dalton, who combined for 278 rushing yards. That all led to the OSU defense being on the field for nearly 40 minutes. "We wanted to rotate people in and out," Riley said. "At the same time, they kept the ball a long time. "Time of possession must have been incredible." It was, the results weren't and now OSU can get back to some basics as the best use for a bye week.NOTES, QUOTES --The previous three OSU quarterbacks to make their starting debut in a season opener all were involved in OSU wins, but more than Ryan Katz's abilities, that may point to the scheduling. Those previous three Beavers to debut as starters all played their openers at home and none against a formidable opponent such as TCU, which is already in the top 10 of national polls and could make a run at reaching the national title game. --OSU's record fell to 11-14 in games played prior to Oct. 1 over the past seven seasons. The Beavers have still rallied to play in bowl games in five of the previous six seasons. --Johnny Hekker had a 23-yard completion on a fake punt to set up an OSU touchdown against TCU, making it consecutive games that the OSU punter has completed a pass while lined up for a punt. The bad news: The Beavers lost both of those games, to BYU in the Las Vegas Bowl to end last season and to TCU in this season's opener. GAME BALL GOES TO: Safety Lance Mitchell, who was in on 18 tackles and also had an interception, with a 21-yard return setting up the first touchdown for the Beavers. The 18 tackles matched the eighth-most ever in a game by an OSU player. KEEP AN EYE ON: Quarterback Ryan Katz. Though he only completed 9 of 25 attempts, his two touchdown passes were perfectly thrown and he demonstrated an arm that will have defenses being very careful, knowing no receiver is out of his reach. QUOTE TO NOTE: "I think you would be crazy if we weren't frustrated with the way the game went. We gave ourselves an opportunity to be in it in the fourth quarter. That's about as tough as it gets ... nobody should feel real good about that." -- OSU coach Mike Riley, on missing out on a possible upset of TCU.STRATEGY AND PERSONNEL LOOKING GOOD: Safety Lance Mitchell was in on 18 tackles, fellow safety Suaesi Tuimaunei was in on 14 more and cornerback Brandon Hardin had seven more tackles. That's too much of the tackling being done by the secondary, but at least they held up as the final line of defense or TCU might have broken several plays for big yardage. STILL NEEDS WORK: The offensive line couldn't open running room for Jacquizz Rodgers, who was held to 75 yards in 18 carries, and allowed two sacks of quarterback Ryan Katz, who was also hit just as he was getting off a handful of other throws. It's a group with two new starters and without an all-conference player in graduated Gregg Peat, and it looked like it has some work to do during the bye week. ROSTER REPORT: --OL Wilder McAndrews, a senior, not only made the first start of his career against TCU but played every offensive down for the Beavers. That meant that Michael Philipp, last season's starter at left tackle as a true freshman, didn't get in the game though he was on the trip and suited up. He had been limited in preseason practices by a broken nose and a sprained ankle. --The Beavers only played one of their true freshmen in the opener, linebacker Michael Doctor. It was anticipated he'd be involved in special teams but Doctor also saw regular time with the defense. His status as a true freshman comes with an asterisk: His enrollment was expected a year ago but delayed until the winter so he was on hand for spring practices.============SOUTHERN CAL============INSIDE SLANT With a new head coach and a program ineligible for the postseason, there was more than a little mystery about how USC would look in its opener. But probably nobody expected to see what happened at Hawaii. The Trojans were challenged into the fourth quarter by the Warriors, who gained 588 yards -- a very troubling stat for a USC defense that appeared to be a strength (at least the front seven did). And it's not like this was supposed to be the same high-flying Hawaii offense of the June Jones days. But USC gave up 459 yards passing, including touchdown throws of 56, 65 and 30 yards. The big question after the 49-36 victory: Was the poor defensive performance the result of no live tackling drills in fall camp? That helps keep everyone healthy, but did it fail to make the defense sharp? "I don't know," cornerback Shareece Wright told the L.A. Daily News. "I'm not going to make that call. We need to learn. Maybe we had bad angles on plays. Maybe we weren't tackling right. Maybe they were faster than we thought. When a team scores 36 points, it's not good." He has that right. USC had to figure things out before the Sept. 11 home game against Virginia. "We're going to have to have some tackling drills (in practices)," defensive line coach Ed Orgeron told the Daily News. "It was a poor performance. I was really disappointed. We've got to do a better job of tackling. A lot of things out there we tried were busted."NOTES, QUOTES --USC is 7-0 all-time against Hawaii, including season openers in Aloha Stadium in 1999, 2005 and 2010. --Was the defensive performance against Hawaii a fluke or a trend? USC has allowed at least 36 points in four of its last eight games, including last season's meetings against Oregon State (36 points), Oregon (47) and Stanford (55). --Because the Hawaii game was on a Thursday night, USC took advantage of the extra days before its next game by staying on the islands though Friday night. The Trojans will have a regular work week in advance of the Sept. 11 game against visiting Virginia. GAME BALL GOES TO: QB Matt Barkley -- He began his sophomore season in style, tying a school record with five touchdown passes. He was 18 of 23 for 257 yards, with no interceptions. "I was really happy with how we started off this game on the road," said Barkley, who had four touchdown passes in the first half. "I feel comfortable. Really comfortable." Barkley is the fifth USC quarterback to throw for five touchdowns in a game. The others: Rodney Peete, Carson Palmer, Matt Leinart and Mark Sanchez. Leinart did it three times. KEEP AN EYE ON: USC's special teams -- Special teams coach John Baxter has one of the most creative minds in the game, and he put his to use against Hawaii. The Trojans lined up in a spread formation and went for two points after their first touchdown of the season (a pass by Mitch Mustain failed), and then tried three more throughout the game. Opponents will have to be ready for that spread formation, because the Trojans are certainly willing to gamble. QUOTE TO NOTE: "I don't think that was it. We've all played football. We know how to tackle." -- LB Devon Kennard, in the Orange County Register, when asked if not having live tackling in fall camp was a problem in the season opener.STRATEGY AND PERSONNEL LOOKING GOOD: Junior RB Marc Tyler surprisingly won the starting tailback job in fall camp after starting at the bottom of the depth chart, and he solidified his hold on that job by running 17 times for 154 yards and a touchdown at Hawaii. Tyler -- whom the coaches considered moving to linebacker at one point -- ran hard and fast against the Warriors, delivering a key stop-and-start 44-yard touchdown run with 6:48 left. --Speedy WR Ronald Johnson, who needs to develop into a full-time playmaker this season for the Trojans, is off to a good start, taking a punt return 89 yards for a touchdown against Hawaii. Johnson also had seven receptions for 59 yards and one touchdown. Perhaps the Trojans won't miss WR Damian Williams in those roles after all. STILL NEEDS WORK: One of the weaknesses of this year's USC team is depth. The Trojans began the season with 69 scholarship players -- and the program faces scholarship limitations in the next couple of years because of NCAA sanctions. Hawaii coach Greg McMackin used USC's thinning numbers as part of his game plan. "We planned on playing a lot of guys because 'SC was gassed," he said. "When we started running those running backs at them, we were running them because we knew they couldn't tackle them because they were gassed." ROSTER REPORT: --True freshman CB Nickell Robey started in his first college game. --DE Nick Perry (ankle) did not play in the opener at Hawaii. He figures to be available against Virginia on Sept. 11. --Freshman RB Dillon Baxter will make his season debut against Virginia. He was suspended for the season opener at Hawaii because of an unspecified violation of team rules and did not get to make the trip. --Freshman LB Hayes Pullard (knee) is likely to redshirt. The Trojans aren't very deep at linebacker, so Pullard had a chance to possibly contribute as a backup and special teams player.========STANFORD========INSIDE SLANT Although Stanford did a lot of good things in its 52-17 victory over Sacramento State in its season opener Sept. 4, it did not answer one of the main questions facing the team: Who will succeed Toby Gerhart? All five of the tailbacks who saw significant action against the Hornets performed adequately as the Cardinal rolled up 212 yards on the ground, but none of them distinguished himself enough to be declared the featured back. That did not matter against Sacramento State, but it might in the Cardinal's Pac-10 opener Sept. 11 against UCLA, because Stanford's ground game presumably will be a major part of its game plan. The Bruins yielded 313 rushing yards in their 31-22 season-opening loss to Kansas State, with Daniel Thomas accounting for 235 of those yards. Stanford coach Jim Harbaugh may be satisfied with dividing the workload among two or three of those backs if he can get the same kind of team production on the ground. Whether he will use all five backs remains to be seen. It would represent a significant change from last season when one player, Gerhart, got a bulk of the carries. There is no question about the Cardinal quarterback. Andrew Luck started the season by going 17-for-23 for 316 yards, and most of his production came in the first half when he went 14-for-18 for 301 yards, four touchdowns and no interceptions. He will continue to be a big part of the Cardinal offense, even though UCLA held Kansas State to just 64 passing yards. Stanford's pass defense, especially its secondary, was the problem last season, and the Cardinal limited Sacramento State starting quarterback McLeod Bethel-Thompson to 69 passing yards. Bethel-Thompson started a bowl game for UCLA in 2007, but the Bruins quarterback now is Kevin Prince, who was just 9-for-26 against Kansas State. The Cardinal secondary will try to continue Prince's struggles. Prince missed last year's game against Stanford with a broken jaw, so this will be the Cardinal's first look at him. Although Stanford will be 1-0 and UCLA 0-1 when they meet, the Cardinal won its opener at home against a Football Championship Series team, while the Bruins played on the road against a Football Bowl Subdivision opponent. In the Pac-10 opener, the Bruins will be at home, where they were 4-2 last season, while the Cardinal was 2-4 in road games last season. However, the Cardinal's best game of the season was its 55-21 victory over USC in Los Angeles. A significant factor will be whether Cardinal WR Chris Owusu and LB Shayne Skov play in the game against UCLA.NOTES, QUOTES --Stanford's unsettled running back situation did not sort itself out, and it may not for a few more games. Five tailbacks got three or more carries against Sacramento State, and the two players expected to do the bulk of the running -- starter Jeremy Stewart and Stepfan Taylor -- had the fewest carries of the five. Stewart, the starter, sprained his ankle during the game. The leading rusher among running backs was Usua Amanam, who had 50 yards on eight carries. Taylor Gaffney and freshman Anthony Wilkerson got eight and seven carries, respectively, so they are in the mix as well. --Owen Marecic was in the starting lineup on both offense and defense, but did not rack up much in the way of statistics. He carried once for 6 yards as the team's starting fullback, and he had two assisted tackles as the team's starting linebacker, although he also recovered a fumble. --Stanford scored six of the first seven times it had the ball. The only time it had to punt in that stretch, Sacramento State returned it 70 yards for a touchdown. --The leading rusher for Stanford was backup QB Alex Loukas, who ran the ball twice for 57 yards. He is more of a runner than a passer, and he could be used in certain situation to run the option. He worked at safety during the spring, but was switched back to quarterback in preseason camp. GAME BALL GOES TO: QB Andrew Luck -- In his first game without Toby Gerhart in the backfield with him, Luck completed 17 of 23 passes for 316 yards and four touchdowns with no interceptions. In the first half, he was 14-for-18 for 301 yards and all four of his scoring tosses. The four touchdown passes was a career high. His 81-yard scoring pass to Doug Baldwin was the longest of his career. KEEP AN EYE ON: LB Chase Thomas -- Thomas switched from defensive end to outside linebacker in the offseason as the Cardinal changed from a 4-3 defense to a 3-4 under new defensive coordinator Vic Fangio. But Thomas remains an effective pass rusher. He had two sacks and a tackle for loss against Sacramento State, and he will need to put pressure on UCLA QB Kevin Prince in the Cardinal's Pac-10 opener Sept. 11. QUOTE TO NOTE: "It's not a problem to have multiple good players at that position." -- Stanford coach Jim Harbaugh, to the San Francisco Chronicle, on using five tailbacks in the win over Sacramento State.STRATEGY AND PERSONNEL LOOKING GOOD: Offensively, Stanford did pretty much what it wanted in its first game without Toby Gerhart. The Cardinal rolled up 529 total yards, and 213 of it came on the ground. Five players shared the tailback load, totaling 147 yards. Being able to produce a running threat is the key to the Cardinal's success this season. Stanford has a talented quarterback in Andrew Luck, but the Cardinal must keep the pressure off him by being able to run the ball. Stanford was able to do that in its opener, albeit against a lower division team. STILL NEEDS WORK: Punt coverage. The Cardinal had to punt only twice against Sacramento State, but one resulted in a 70-yard return for a touchdown by the Hornets' Kyle Monson. It was the first time since 2003 that Stanford yielded a touchdown on a punt return. The Cardinal also needs to clean up its mistakes. It lost two fumbles and committed seven penalties. The Cardinal can't afford to turn the ball over twice against Pac-10 teams. ROSTER REPORT: --WR Chris Owusu did not play against Sacramento State because of an undisclosed injury. Coach Jim Harbaugh said he expects Owusu to play against UCLA on Sept. 11, although Harbaugh has not been forthcoming about players' availability for games. --ILB Shayne Skov did not play against Sacramento State because of an undisclosed injury. The sophomore is the cornerstone of the defense, and if he cannot play against UCLA it will be a significant blow. Harbaugh said he expects Skov to play against UCLA, but Harbaugh's proclamations about players' availability have not been reliable. --Redshirt freshman Levin Toilolo started at tight end in the opener, but he injured his knee early in the game and did not return. His status for the UCLA game is uncertain. --Starting TB Jeremy Stewart injured his ankle during the game against Sacramento State. He is expected to play against UCLA, but it is not a certainty.====UCLA====INSIDE SLANT UCLA is going to face some very fine running backs in the Pac-10, which makes its opening performance against Kansas State troubling. Oregon has a dynamic duo with LaMichael James and Kenjon Barner. Oregon State's Jacquizz Rodgers is one of the best in the nation. Washington and Arizona have 1,000-yard backs. Cal's Shane Vereen should reach that level in his first full season as the starter. USC (Mark Tyler) and Arizona State (Cameron Marshall) appear to have exciting new starters. The Bruins couldn't stop Kansas State's Daniel Thomas in the opener. Thomas, a big-time NFL prospect who has an unusual combination of size, speed and moves, rushed 28 times for 234 yards and two touchdowns against UCLA in the Wildcats' 31-22 victory Sept. 4 in Manhattan, Kan. He delivered the knockout blow with a 35-yard touchdown on third down with 58 seconds left. "We had a hard time stopping them," UCLA coach Rick Neuheisel said. "We're going to have to look at film and do a better job of tackling. ... We're not as good as we need to be against a fine running team like they have." K-State does have a run-game mentality that figured to be a difficult matchup for UCLA, which has to replace all four starting defensive linemen from last season and has only one returning starter (linebacker Akeem Ayers) in the front seven. UCLA can't do anything about its lack of experience up front -- except wait. But Neuheisel -- much like crosstown rival USC after its opener -- was questioning his strategic decision to limit tackling drills in fall camp. "It seemed like the prudent thing to do, but tackling is a skill and we didn't play well enough in that department to win," Neuheisel said. UCLA dives into conference play this week with a home game against Stanford, which, even without running back Toby Gerhart, has a tough-minded mentality.NOTES, QUOTES --Sophomore QB Kevin Prince, who was limited in camp because of a slightly torn back muscle, went the distance against Kansas State and showed his rust. Prince was 9 of 26 for 120 yards with one touchdown and two interceptions. He was victimized by several dropped passes, but his accuracy wasn't sharp as he often just didn't hit the receivers in stride. "I thought we did some good things in the running game," he said. "In the passing game, I should have put the ball on the money more. I just have to be quicker with my progressions and do things better because we can't be scrambling from behind like that. ... It just wasn't good enough." --Sophomore P Jeff Locke, who should vie for all-conference honors, averaged 45.7 yards on six punts and placed three inside the Kansas State 20-yard line. --WR Josh Smith, a speedy transfer from Colorado, returned two kicks for 55 yards. He has a chance to be a game-breaker in that area. GAME BALL GOES TO: LB Akeem Ayers -- The playmaking outside linebacker also lined up at defensive end on occasion against Kansas State, making 11 tackles, including one sack. Ayers also recovered two fumbles, including one at the K-State 11-yard line, setting up a short touchdown drive for the Bruins. KEEP AN EYE ON: RB Malcolm Jones -- The touted true freshman got his first college carry late in third carry, gaining 12 yards. Jones merely got his feet wet in the opener -- three rushes for 20 yards -- but he could work his way into more playing time as the season goes on. QUOTE TO NOTE: "We have plenty of time to bounce back. We have a big game next week against Stanford. Our first Pac-10 game. And that is what it's all about -- conference play." -- QB Kevin Prince.STRATEGY AND PERSONNEL LOOKING GOOD: There was some concern about Lou Groza Award-winning kicker Kai Forbath, who was limited late in fall camp because of a groin injury. Forbath warmed up just fine against Kansas State, however, and then connected on all three of his field goal attempts -- from 44, 42 and 35 yards. Forbath has made 40 consecutive field goals from inside 50 yards. STILL NEEDS WORK: UCLA has standout players at receiver, including Nelson Rosario and Taylor Embree, and the pass-catchers were expected to be one of the team's strength. But in the opener against Kansas State, the Bruins dropped eight passes, which came as a shock to offensive coordinator Norm Chow. "We dropped what, a half a dozen balls? Eight?!" he was quoted in the L.A. Daily News. "That does (surprise me); that's our most experienced group." Said coach Rick Neuheisel: "We thought we would catch the ball well. But we did not answer the call with respect to that." ROSTER REPORT: --DE Datone Jones, the team's only returning starter on the defensive line, suffered a broken foot in fall camp and figures to miss at least half of the season. --Sophomore OG Stanley Hasiak was ruled academically ineligible for 2010. He will use this season as a redshirt and have three seasons of eligibility remaining. --Junior C Kai Maiava, a projected starter, suffered a fractured ankle in fall camp and could be out at least until late October.==========WASHINGTON==========INSIDE SLANT Just like 2008, Jake Locker was leading the Washington Huskies down the field in the last minutes Sept. 4 against BYU in a last-ditch effort to pull out a win. Just like 2008, the drive came up short, though not as memorably as then, when Locker was flagged for a personal foul for tossing the ball in the air, and UW then saw its longer point-after attempt blocked. This time, the drive ended with 1:55 left when a fourth-down Locker pass was batted away, allowing BYU to win 23-17. The 2008 loss set up a season that resulted in the firing of Tyrone Willingham. No one doubts that things are beginning to turn in the second year of his successor, Steve Sarkisian, but there was hope that maybe the Huskies had turned more quickly than seemed evident against BYU. The Huskies were sloppy on special teams (a bad punt snap led to a safety, among other gaffes), inefficient on offense (three drives into BYU territory in the fourth quarter resulted in no points, and UW was shut out in the second half) and made just enough mistakes on defense to allow a young Cougars offense to get the win. "It's never fun to lose," Locker said. "Now we have to understand like coach said -- it's one game. One game doesn't define your season. We have a lot of things we can build off from this game, and we need to go back and look at the film and find what those things are." Indeed, that was Sarkisian's message afterward, that there's a long season ahead. "I take out of it that this one game is not going to define our season," he said. "It's one football game and it's a non-conference football game, so I was pleased with our effort, proud of the way our guys competed and competed to the very end. But we've got 12 more football games to play, and I think the challenge for us is to not get caught in the hangover of this game." Syracuse comes in 1-0 courtesy of a 29-3 win over Akron. It looms as something of a must-win for UW with Nebraska coming to UW on Sept. 18 and then an Oct. 2 game at USC to open Pac-10 play. With a loss to Syracuse, UW could be looking at an 0-4 start. UW will try to get just a little more out of a running game that managed 177 yards on 29 carries (officially UW had 128 when factoring in minus-39 for a bad punt snap and sacks) -- and improve the shoddy special teams play. "We were sloppy in a lot of areas," Sarkisian said.NOTES, QUOTES --Sarkisian was honored as one of eight great BYU quarterbacks at halftime. However, he didn't attend the ceremony, staying in the UW locker room with the Huskies. --Kicker Erik Folk booted a 54-yarder on the final play of the first half to give UW a 17-13 halftime lead. It was the third-longest field goal in UW history and longest since John Anderson had a 56-yarder at UCLA in 1999. --The Huskies played 13 true freshmen, already the most in school history, breaking the mark of 12 in 2008. UW played 10 last year, and the numbers indicate the overall youth of this program. GAME BALL GOES TO: Linebacker Mason Foster led a defense that kept the Huskies in the game throughout with a game-high 14 tackles, nine of which were solo. KEEP AN EYE ON: True freshman running back Jesse Callier had a 39-yard carry the first time he touched the ball in the first quarter to help set up UW's first touchdown. He got just one more to finish with 40 yards but also had two catches for 15 yards and another that was nullified due to a penalty. QUOTE TO NOTE: "I thought he competed extremely well. There are some plays and some throws he would love to have back. We make a couple of tough catches here and there and it's a lot better day for everybody involved. All in all he will play better as the year goes on." -- UW coach Steve Sarkisian on the play of QB Jake Locker, who was 20 of 37 for 266 yards and one TD and ran 11 times for 29 yards and one TD.STRATEGY AND PERSONNEL LOOKING GOOD: UW coaches probably would have been fine leaving Provo allowing just 23 points to BYU. The Huskies defense didn't shut down the Cougars, who gained 408 total yards. But they perfected the bend-but-don't-break much of the night as BYU had just two plays of 19 yards or more, and no runs longer than 19 yards. --Kicker Erik Folk booted a career-high 54-yard field goal that might have been good from 60 to end the first half. --Receiver Jermaine Kearse had a couple of drops and a costly penalty. But he also showed why he could factor into all-conference consideration with five catches for 108 yards, He had catches of 43 and 34 yards in the fourth quarter to put UW in scoring position, though the Huskies couldn't convert on either drive. STILL NEEDS WORK: UW's rushing totals look respectable enough -- 177 yards on 29 carries, excluding sacks and a bad punt snap credited as a rush. But UW had trouble converting in short-yardage situations -- failing on three plays of third-and-2 or shorter -- and coach Steve Sarkisian said that's something that has to be fixed. It starts with better play from an experienced offensive line hoped to be a strength this year. --The special teams, other than Folk, were a disaster, with a bad punt snap leading to a safety, a roughing the punter penalty keeping a BYU drive alive, and two misplays of kickoffs that put the Huskies in bad field position. --The Huskies went into the season wondering how they would get a pass rush, and the first game did nothing to answer that question as the Huskies did not have a sack and only got close to BYU QBs Riley Nelson and Jake Heaps once or twice. BYU was 24-for-40 passing but missed on several other opportunities with poor throws or drops as the Cougars usually had all the time they needed. ROSTER REPORT: --UW did not suffer any new significant injuries. --WR James Johnson did not play, sidelined with a lingering ankle injury. Cody Bruns and D'Andre Goodwin got more time in his place and Bruns, a junior, responded with a career-high three receptions. --MLB Cort Dennison said he's not 100 percent with a sprained knee, but he gutted it out through the game and finished with three tackles. --UW went into the game without only one player available -- true freshman running back Deontae Cooper, who wore his ACL a couple of weeks ago. He will have surgery this week.================WASHINGTON STATE================INSIDE SLANT Washington State coach Paul Wulff has talked a big game much of the preseason, promising that the Cougars would be much improved and would shock the pundits this season. But the opening game of 2010 looked much the same as the disasters of 2008 and 2009, when the Cougars went 3-22 and were rarely competitive. The Cougars were hammered at Oklahoma State, 65-17, in their season opener, getting outgained 544 yards to 324. WSU fumbled a simple handoff on its first possession to give Oklahoma State an easy touchdown, and the Cougars never led. WSU scored 10 straight points to cut the lead to 17-10 early in the second quarter. But the Cougars never got a handle on the Cowboys' offense and trailed 38-10 at halftime and 51-10 at the end of the third quarter. "We played tight early," Wulff said. "We just didn't play." The poor performance, replete with bad tackling and lots of other errors - Oklahoma State scored its final touchdown in the late going on a blocked punt -- only further increases the heat on Wulff, who entered the season already on shaky ground. The Cougars host Football Championship Series team Montana State on Sept. 11 in what may be the only game of the season they will be favored. For that reason alone it looms as a must win as the season could turn dark in a hurry with a poor performance. For starters, WSU needs to score a touchdown in the first quarter or take the lead during timed play, something it has not done since the 2008 season (its only win last year came in overtime in a game it never led in regulation). "We've got to have games where we can compete and win," Wulff told the Seattle Times. "And then we can have success and build off success." There was little to build off in this one other than a decent day by sophomore quarterback Jeff Tuel, who was 14 of 29 for 212 yards and a touchdown without an interception. The points were the most WSU has ever allowed in an opener and the fifth time in the Wulff era that WSU has allowed more than 60.NOTES, QUOTES --WSU has now been outscored 193-6 in the first quarter dating to the beginning of the 2009 season. --The Cougars played seven true freshmen. --A 56-yard field goal by Nico Grasu in the second quarter was the sixth-longest in school history. GAME BALL GOES TO: True freshman WR Marquess Wilson was one of the only bright spots for WSU, with four catches for 108 yards --- becoming just the fourth true freshman in school history to top the 100-yard mark. His receptions included a 48-yard TD in the second quarter that briefly got the Cougars back in the game. KEEP AN EYE ON: Junior college transfer WR Isiah Barton also had a nice WSU debut with four catches for 69 yards, with a long of 31. He got a lot of playing time with injuries limiting Jared Karstetter and Gino Simone. QUOTE TO NOTE: "At times he was really good, at other times he was a 19-year-old." -- WSU coach Paul Wulff on QB Jeff Tuel, who was 14 of 29 for 204 yards.STRATEGY AND PERSONNEL LOOKING GOOD: Hard to find much after a 65-17 loss, but the play of WSU's young receivers was a bright spot as freshman Marquess Wilson had four catches for 108 yards and junior college transfer Isiah Barton caught four passes for 69 yards. Add them to holdovers such as Jared Karstetter and Gino Simone and receiver appears the one position where the Cougars are Pac-10 caliber. --PK Nico Grasu booted a career-long 56-yard field goal in the second quarter. --Cougar defenders broke up six passes, with safety Tyree Toomer playing a decent game overall with one breakup and a team-high eight tackles. STILL NEEDS WORK: Where to begin? Mostly the Cougars were awful on defense, with defensive coordinator Chris Ball later saying that WSU simply "didn't tackle, didn't get off blocks." That was a key reason Oklahoma State running back Kendall Hunter rushed for 257 yards on 21 carries. --WSU's pass defense was almost as bad, allowing three QBs to complete 27 of 37 passes for 253 yards and three touchdowns. --WSU is hoping for better offensive line play this season, but it wasn't apparent against a young and rebuilding Oklahoma State defense as WSU managed just 112 yards rushing on 41 carries. ROSTER REPORT: --The Cougars suffered a tough loss early when true freshman RB Ricky Galvin broke his right arm when he tried to brace his fall. He will likely now redshirt. He was replaced by Carl Winston, who played last year as a true freshman and whom the Cougars were hoping to redshirt this year. --Starting CB Aire Justin sat out the game with a bad hamstring. --Starting receiver Gino Simone sat out with a hamstring injury. Share on Facebook Share on TwitterTrending on ScoutNo. 1 WR Joseph Lewis an Army All-AmericanVideo Breakdown: Brandon Dawkins' RunsUCLA Prospects In Games This Weekend - Week 5Let's Go to the Video: Run Game vs. StanfordPac-12 Roundup: Top stories for Week 5Share & EmbedNo. 1 WR Joseph Lewis an Army All-American Full StoryBruin Report Online Top StoriesUCLA Prospects In Games This Weekend - Week 5Sept. 30 -- Check out where UCLA prospects will be playing this weekend throughout the country... | [
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Giordano Bruno and the geometry of language (Livro, 2005) [WorldCat.org]
Título: Giordano Bruno and the geometry of language
Editora: Aldershot, Hampshire, England ; Burlington, VT : Ashgate, ©2005.
Adicionar etiquetas para "Giordano Bruno and the geometry of language".
<http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57501024>library:oclcnum"57501024"library:placeOfPublication<http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/countries/enk>dcterms:identifier"enk"rdf:typeschema:Placelibrary:placeOfPublication<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/2458072#Place/burlington_vt>rdf:typeschema:Placeschema:name"Burlington, VT"library:placeOfPublication<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/2458072#Place/aldershot_hampshire_england>rdf:typeschema:Placeschema:name"Aldershot, Hampshire, England"rdf:typeschema:MediaObjectrdf:typeschema:Bookschema:about<http://id.worldcat.org/fast/992154>rdf:typeschema:Intangibleschema:name"Language and languages"@enschema:about<http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1136323>rdf:typeschema:Intangibleschema:name"Style, Literary"@enschema:about<http://dewey.info/class/822.309/e2/>rdf:typeschema:Intangibleschema:about<http://viaf.org/viaf/68926311>rdf:typeschema:Personschema:birthDate"1548"schema:deathDate"1600"schema:familyName"Bruno"schema:givenName"Giordano"schema:name"Bruno, Giordano, 1548-1600"schema:about<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/2458072#Person/bruno_giordano_1548_1600>rdf:typeschema:Personschema:birthDate"1548"schema:deathDate"1600"schema:familyName"Bruno"schema:givenName"Giordano"schema:name"Bruno, Giordano, 1548-1600"schema:copyrightYear"2005"schema:creator<http://viaf.org/viaf/164780407>rdf:typeschema:Personschema:familyName"Saiber"schema:givenName"Arielle"schema:name"Saiber, Arielle."schema:datePublished"2005"schema:description"Giordano Bruno and the Geometry of Language brings to the fore a sixteenth-century philosopher's role in early modern Europe as a bridge between science and literature, or more specifically, between the spatial paradigm of geometry and that of language." "Through analysis of Bruno's work, Saiber shows how Bruno's writing necessitates a crafting of space, and is, in essence, a lexicon of spatial concepts. This study constitutes an original contribution both to scholarship on Bruno and to the fields of early modern scientific and literary studies. It also addresses the broader question of what role geometry has in the formation of any language and literature of any place and time."--Jacket."@enschema:description"1. Axioms -- 2. Foci -- 3. Lines : the candle bearer -- 4. Angles : the heroic frenzies -- 5. Curves : the ash Wednesday supper -- 6. The point."@enschema:exampleOfWork<http://worldcat.org/entity/work/id/2458072>schema:inLanguage"en"schema:isPartOf<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/2458072#Series/literary_and_scientific_cultures_of_early_modernity>rdf:typeschema:Seriesschema:hasPart<http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57501024>schema:name"Literary and scientific cultures of early modernity"schema:name"Giordano Bruno and the geometry of language"@enschema:numberOfPages"183"schema:publication<http://www.worldcat.org/title/-/oclc/57501024#PublicationEvent/aldershot_hampshire_england_burlington_vt_ashgate_c2005>rdf:typeschema:PublicationEventschema:location<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/2458072#Place/burlington_vt>rdf:typeschema:Placeschema:name"Burlington, VT"schema:location<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/2458072#Place/aldershot_hampshire_england>rdf:typeschema:Placeschema:name"Aldershot, Hampshire, England"schema:organizer<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/2458072#Agent/ashgate>rdf:typebgn:Agentschema:name"Ashgate"schema:startDate"c2005"schema:publisher<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/2458072#Agent/ashgate>rdf:typebgn:Agentschema:name"Ashgate"schema:workExample<http://worldcat.org/isbn/9780754633211>rdf:typej.0:Acid-free_paperrdf:typeschema:ProductModelschema:description"alk. paper"schema:isbn"0754633217"schema:isbn"9780754633211"wdrs:describedby<http://www.worldcat.org/title/-/oclc/57501024>rdf:typegenont:InformationResourcerdf:typegenont:ContentTypeGenericResourceschema:about<http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57501024>void:inDataset<http://purl.oclc.org/dataset/WorldCat>Content-negotiable representationsTurtle (text/turtle)JSON-LD (application/ld+json)RDF/XML (application/rdf+xml)N-TRIPLES (text/plain)HTML+RDFa (text/html) | [
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Lost Secrets of the Ancients: A Psychic Adventure by The Abbotts - Book - Read Online
Lost Secrets of the Ancients: A Psychic Adventure
Three young adventurers, Matt, Kate and Tyro are hired by the mysterious Mr. Carstairs to fly around the world and visit exotic locations, in order to find seven fragments of an all-powerful artefact. They face adventures in Peru, Stonehenge, Egypt, Nepal and the outposts of the fabled islands of Lemuria and Atlantis, hotly pursued by their evil adversaries! Join them in an adventurous journey with a touch of psychic phenomenon! Suitable for everyone from 12 - 100!
Publisher: Lulu.comReleased: Jan 30, 2012ISBN: 9781471060908Format: book
How to Survive On Planet Earth - A Handbook for the Starseeds
How to be Lucky!
Lost Secrets of the Ancients - The Abbotts
Copyright 2011 The Abbotts
This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners.
Chapter One - The Adventure Begins
Chapter Two - The Whistling Canaries
Chapter Three - The First Search
Chapter Four - A Druid’s Place
Chapter Five - A Stone Heart
Chapter Six - Mother Love
Chapter Seven - A Tale of Bull
Chapter Eight - Mu’s Muse
Chapter Nine - A Ghostly Cat
Chapter Ten - Monk Magic
Chapter Eleven - Unlimited Power
Other eBooks by The Abbotts
Kate Finchley-Smythe, young, blonde and twenty years of age, stood at the huge picture window of her six-storey apartment over-looking Central Park. She was so bored, so utterly bored! If only something exciting would happen!
Her father, a successful banker, advised her to get a job and her mother, a socialite encouraged her to do voluntary work with the poor or with a charity, but Kate had rejected both suggestions, as just too mundane! Studying archeology at college was the most interesting thing she had ever done, if you discounted skiing at Aspen in winter and sunning herself at Cannes in the summer, but the college term was now ended and there was literally, nothing to do!
Idly she sat down on her white leather couch and flicked through the New York Times advertisement columns and that was when she sighted the unusual ad!
Mm. she thought to herself, Maybe life isn’t so boring after all!
Matt Jones, twenty-one, brown-haired, muscular and of medium height, sat tiredly, eating a hot-dog on a bench in Central Park. Coincidentally, he briefly looked up at the large apartments across the park and wondered what it would be like to be rich for once! He had been raised in an orphanage in Indiana and life, since he had left there at sixteen, had been interesting, but hard. He had travelled and worked his way through many states, until he ended up here in New York, a few months ago and now he made his board and food by guiding tourists around the historic centres of the great city.
He picked up a newspaper that someone had left on a park bench and began to search the ‘wanted ads’ for work. Suddenly his green eyes lit up. Maybe this was his lucky day!
Tyro Jenkins, who called himself a ‘Nubian wizard hacker’ sat at his computer and lost himself in the on-line world of cyberspace. A short, thin, black youth of nineteen with Rasta locks and a flamboyant colour sense of clothes style, he was deaf to the sounds of his angry grandmother knocking at his bedroom door. They lived in a tiny apartment in the Bronx and his long-suffering Gran was always on his case ‘to get a real job!’ He finally sighed and rose and answered the door. What is it Gran? What’s all that racket?
Gran, a large African-American woman with steely grey hair, glared at him, I just got the electricity bill, Tyro and its huge! Must be that money-eating computer and all your other gadgets! How am I going to pay this bill, I just don’t know! You’ll have to get a job, boy! No more mucking around!
Tyro sighed, why was life so difficult? All he wanted to do was just play on his computer. Okay Gran, I promise that I will look for work today.
His angry Grandmother thrust a copy of the New York Times into his hands and flounced away. Tyro sat on his bed and reluctantly opened the paper and scanned the advertisements. Suddenly he saw the same advertisement that Kate and Matt had seen and his large brown eyes lit up. It read - Wanted young men and women for exciting job with international travel and excellent pay. Must be intelligent, inventive, honest and physically fit. Apply at suite 648/1115 Carnegie Square Tower. 16th October. 11 am.
Tyro’s grandmother frowned at him suspiciously, as he sauntered from his room in his best psychedelic green shirt and striped, purple pants. And where do you think, you’re going, young man?
Her grandson gave her a sassy grin and kissed her cheek, Why Gran, I’m off to get a job, of course! Just like, you wanted! And the astonished woman watched him depart with an open mouth!
Kate looked around the crowded room and carefully observed the thirty or so candidates, for the promised jobs. She was by far the best dressed and she guessed the best educated for the position. Kate wore a Dior designer skirt suit in red and white with four-inch Milan leather heels. She almost laughed, when she saw the young, black boy with his bright green shirt, loud shirt and dreadlocks, surely he wouldn’t be chosen!
She quickly dismissed the muscular, brown-haired young man with the handsome face and bright green eyes, as he was dressed poorly in faded jeans and an un-ironed red shirt. Some of the other girls looked reasonably well groomed, but she stood out by a mile, as the most eligible! She smirked a contented smile, This job was in the bag!
Matt was busy observing Kate and he watched as various emotions flit across her pretty face. He had pegged her instantly, as a spoilt, rich girl who expected to get the job without any trouble at all. He too had been amused by the colourful, black guy who looked unaware of the impact his bright | [
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WE found black hair i the bed sheets, and when my... - Review of Super 8 Innisfail - TripAdvisor
WE found black hair i the bed sheets, and when my... - Review of Super 8 Innisfail
“WE found black hair i the bed sheets, and when my daughter...”
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All reviews front desk waffles sausage very clean hotel great price friendly staff the hotel is conveniently located chinese food golf trip stayed here for one night enjoyed our stay off the highway bed was comfortable stay there again easy access in town continental breakfast
A very clean room, with a comfortable bed. The service was...
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Rockstar Realty IncDirectionsReal Estate Agents11215 Frontier CirBecker, MN 55308(763) 262-4497DirectionsMore Info10. A M Stewart PropertiesDirectionsReal Estate Agents12924 1st StBecker, MN 55308(763) 261-4544WebsiteDirectionsMore Info11. Matvick KarenDirectionsBookkeepingBilling Service17353 82nd St SEBecker, MN 55308(763) 263-2477DirectionsMore Info12. Dasa PropertiesDirectionsReal Estate Management15886 64th StBecker, MN 55308(763) 263-2466DirectionsMore Info13. Basa PropertiesDirectionsCommercial Real Estate16410 149th St SEBig Lake, MN 55309(763) 263-5661DirectionsMore Info14. H&R BlockDirectionsTax Return Preparation207 W Broadway StMonticello, MN 55362(763) 295-5200WebsiteDirectionsMore Info15. Mosford, Barthel & Co., PLC.DirectionsAccountants-Certified Public305 Cedar St-Suite 201Monticello, MN 55362(763) 200-5855WebsiteDirectionsMore Info16. ECI NetworksDirectionsComputer Network Design & Systems318 East River St.Monticello, MN 55362(877) 568-4324WebsiteDirectionsMore Info17. Re/MaxDirectionsReal Estate Buyer Brokers14772 Barton Ave NWMonticello, MN 55362(320) 558-5678WebsiteDirectionsMore Info18. Schlenner Wenner & CoDirectionsAccountants-Certified Public202 W 3rd StMonticello, MN 55362(763) 295-5070WebsiteDirectionsMore Info19. Coldwell BankerDirectionsReal Estate Buyer Brokers242 W Broadway StMonticello, MN 55362(763) 295-5416WebsiteDirectionsMore Info20. H&R BlockDirectionsTax Return PreparationBookkeeping1220 Highway 25 S Ste 108Monticello, MN 55362(763) 295-7676WebsiteDirectionsMore Info21. H&R BlockDirectionsTax Return PreparationBookkeeping4089 Cedar StMonticello, MN 55362(763) 295-9265WebsiteDirectionsMore Info22. Property Fraud PreventionDirectionsReal Estate Agents5452 Highland TrlBig Lake, MN 55309(763) 263-7411DirectionsMore Info23. StaupenetDirectionsWeb Site Design & Services4612 Pondview CirBig Lake, MN 55309(763) 241-8881DirectionsMore Info24. Access Computer Consulting - CLOSEDDirectionsComputer System Designers & Consultants130 Edgewater PlBig Lake, MN 55309(763) 263-3369DirectionsMore Info25. CDL PropertiesDirectionsReal Estate Management231 Leighton Dr Apt 2Big Lake, MN 55309(763) 263-8325DirectionsMore Info26. Advantage Tax Service Plus IncDirectionsTax Return Preparation10870 Dalton Ave NEMonticello, MN 55362(763) 295-7676DirectionsMore Info27. MN-Northland Real Estate IncDirectionsReal Estate Consultants624 W 3rd StMonticello, MN 55362(763) 295-6320WebsiteDirectionsMore Info28. Exit Pankonin RealtyDirectionsReal Estate Agents207 Jefferson Blvd Ste 204Big Lake, MN 55309(763) 262-3948DirectionsMore Info29. Design For Print & WebDirectionsWeb Site Design & Services113 Locust StMonticello, MN 55362(763) 295-8100WebsiteDirectionsMore Info30. Zieman Tax ServiceDirectionsTax Return PreparationBookkeeping354 W Broadway StMonticello, MN 55362(763) 295-6444DirectionsMore InfoH&R BlockDirectionsTax Return Preparation19112 Freeport St NWElk River, MN 55330(763) 441-7666WebsiteDirectionsMore InfoAdAccurate AccountingDirectionsAccountants-Certified Public569 Payne AveSaint Paul, MN 55130(651) 383-4546WebsiteCouponsSchedule a ConsultationDirectionsMore InfoAdJohn A. KnutsonDirectionsTax Return Preparation1781 Prior Ave NSaint Paul, MN 55113(651) 641-1099WebsiteDirectionsMore InfoAdDennis C. AndersonDirectionsPayroll ServiceFinancial Services9121 Baltimore St NEMinneapolis, MN 55449(763) 785-9556WebsiteServices OfferedDirectionsMore InfoAdEverett Tax & AccountingDirectionsTax Return Preparation-Business1601 Highway 13 E Suite 100ABurnsville, MN 55337(952) 683-9293WebsiteDirectionsMore InfoAdH & S BookkeepingDirectionsBookkeepingTax Return Preparation5131 Washburn Ave NMinneapolis, MN 55430(763) 439-0929WebsiteDirectionsMore InfoAdGood Steward Bookkeeping of MinnesotaDirectionsFinancial ServicesBookkeeping11215 Terrace Rd NEMinneapolis, MN 55434(612) 750-7385WebsiteCouponsContact UsDirectionsMore InfoAdAPT Resources(2)Tax Return PreparationRosemount, MN 55068(952) 423-7413WebsiteSee Our ServicesMore InfoAdPaper Chase Accounting IncAccountants-Certified PublicServing the Becker Area.(612) 395-4815WebsiteMore InfoAdH&R BlockTax Return Preparation(888) 233-0385WebsiteMore InfoAdExecutive Public AccountantsAccountants-Certified PublicServing the Becker Area.(612) 326-9770More InfoAdSponsored LinksImprove Our ResultsYou can help improve our service by giving us some details.
of 1403results12345NextIf we're missing a business and you'd like to make a suggestion, please do! Add a business.Add a New CollectionOops! There was a problem saving the new custom collection.Please try again.Collection Name cannot be emptyUpload a Photo(optional)Remaining Characters: 100Remaining Characters: 500CancelSave123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930Map ViewFeatured Bookkeepingin Becker (55308)Add to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your services collection!Error when adding to services collectionThis business was removed from the services collectionAdInaccurate Result?H&R Block19112 Freeport St NWElk River, MN 55330(763) 441-7666WebsiteDirectionsMore InfoAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your services collection!Error when adding to services collectionThis business was removed from the services collectionAdInaccurate Result?Accurate Accounting569 Payne AveSaint Paul, MN 55130(651) 383-4546WebsiteCouponsSchedule a ConsultationDirectionsMore InfoAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your services collection!Error when adding to services collectionThis business was removed from the services collectionAdInaccurate Result?John A. Knutson1781 Prior Ave NSaint Paul, MN 55113(651) 641-1099Serving Individuals & Business's Since 1925WebsiteDirectionsMore InfoAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your services collection!Error when adding to services collectionThis business was removed from the services collectionAdInaccurate Result?Dennis C. Anderson9121 Baltimore St NEMinneapolis, MN 55449(763) 785-9556For All Your Business and Personal Accounting Need...WebsiteServices OfferedDirectionsMore InfoAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your services collection!Error when adding to services collectionThis business was removed from the services collectionAdInaccurate Result?Everett Tax & Accounting1601 Highway 13 E Suite 100ABurnsville, MN 55337(952) 683-9293WebsiteDirectionsMore InfoAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your services collection!Error when adding to services collectionThis business was removed from the services collectionAdInaccurate Result?H & S Bookkeeping5131 Washburn Ave NMinneapolis, MN 55430(763) 439-0929WebsiteDirectionsMore InfoAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your services collection!Error when adding to services collectionThis business was removed from the services collectionAdInaccurate Result?Good Steward Bookkeeping of Minnesota11215 Terrace Rd NEMinneapolis, MN 55434(612) 750-7385WebsiteCouponsContact UsDirectionsMore InfoAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your services collection!Error when adding to services collectionThis business was removed from the services collectionAdInaccurate Result?APT Resources(2)Rosemount, MN 55068(952) 423-7413WebsiteSee Our ServicesMore InfoAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your services collection!Error when adding to services collectionThis business was removed from the services collectionAdInaccurate Result?Paper Chase Accounting IncServing the Becker Area.(612) 395-4815WebsiteMore InfoAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your services collection!Error when adding to services collectionThis business was removed from the services collectionAdInaccurate Result?H&R BlockFind a Location(888) 233-0385Taxes any way you want-click, call or come over.WebsiteVideoMore InfoAdd to mybookRemove from mybookAdded to your services collection!Error when adding to services collectionThis business was removed from the services collectionAdInaccurate Result?Executive Public AccountantsServing the Becker Area.(612) 326-9770More InfoSponsored Becker (55308) LoginAdPhoneWebsiteMoreAboutAbout YPSite FeedbackContact usAdvertise with UsCareers - We're HiringEngineering BlogLegal | Terms of Service and UsePrivacy PolicySmall Business AdvertisingAdvertising ChoicesAbout Call RecordingSite DirectoryNews & ArticlesFind a BusinessMaps & DirectionsWhite PagesMobile AppsReverse Phone LookupSite MapBrowse RestaurantsMobile YPCity GuidesMore Cities »AtlantaDetroitMiamiAustinHoustonMilwaukeeBaltimoreIndianapolisNew YorkBostonKansas CityOklahoma CityCharlotteLas VegasOrlandoChicagoLos AngelesPhiladelphiaDallasLouisvillePhoenixDenverMemphisSaint LouisYP FamilyCorporate SiteAdvertising SolutionsAnyWhoAT&T FamilyAT&TAT&T WirelessLike us on FacebookFollow us on Twitter+1 us on Google+© 2014 YP Intellectual Property LLC. All rights reserved.YP, the YP logo and all other YP marks contained herein are trademarks of YP Intellectual Property LLC and/or YP affiliated companies.AT&T, the AT&T Logo and all AT&T related marks are trademarks of AT&T Inc. or AT&T affiliated companies. All other marks contained herein are the property of their respective owners.We just redesigned yp.com! Do you like it?× LikeNot a Fan× Thank You!Tell us more... »Collections()Following()Businesses()Notes()Coupons()CollectionsFollowingBusinessesNotesCouponsFeedback | [
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> Libre Tax Consultants
12235 Magnolia Blvd #201 Valley Village, CA 91607-2672
Business Started: 2/07/2006
Libre Tax Consultants has received 0 out of 5 stars based on 0 Customer Reviews and a BBB Rating of A+. | [
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Das Khaas Vilas in Jodhpur buchen
New Airport Road, Near Jeet Apartment, Ratanada, Jhalamand, Jodhpur, Indien, 342001
Über Khaas Vilas
Das Khaas Vilas empfängt Sie 1 km vom architektonisch erstaunlichen Umaid-Bhawan-Palast und nur 2 km vom Flughafen Jodhpur entfernt mit einem Außenpool und einem Massagesalon. WLAN steht in allen Bereichen der Unterkunft kostenfrei zu Ihrer Verfügung.
Die elegant eingerichteten, klimatisierten Zimmer bieten alle einen Flachbild-Sat-TV und einen Sitzbereich, einen Essbereich mit einem Esstisch und einem Wasserkocher sowie ein eigenes Bad mit einer Dusche, einem Haartrockner und kostenfreien Pflegeprodukten.
Freuen Sie sich im Khaas Vilas zudem auf eine 24-Stunden-Rezeption, einen Garten und einen Grillplatz. Zu den weiteren Annehmlichkeiten der Unterkunft zählen Konferenzeinrichtungen, ein Tourenschalter und eine Gepäckaufbewahrung. Mieten Sie zur Erkundung der Umgebung ein Auto. Die Unterkunft bietet kostenfreie Parkplätze.
Die schöne Festungsanlage Mehrangarh erreichen Sie von der Unterkunft aus nach 4 km und den künstlichen See Kaylana nach 5 km. Vom Bahnhof Jodhpur und dem Busbahnhof Jodhpur trennen Sie 3 km.
Das Khas Fal serviert eine Auswahl an indischen, kontinentalen und regionalen Köstlichkeiten. Ein Zimmerservice für Gäste, die privat speisen möchten, ist ebenfalls verfügbar.
It was a rewarding experience to stay in this house of Royal Family of Banswara. We a got a modern, beautiful and clean room. The owner were always helpful and gave useful information for our trip ahead and shared the history of their family. The property is surrounded by landscaped gardens and a nice swimming pool. We enjoyed a peaceful and cozy stay at this hotel. Bewertet am 29 August 2014
Basic accommodation... don't expect much
Location, room size, Unable to get even a weak signal for Wifi internet in room and had to sit outside near reception to use internet...it didn't even extend to restaurant. Breakfast very basic... papaya, boiled egg, chapati and curd, juice drink. No coffee, unless you term nescafe instant, coffee. And polyester/nylon sheets on the bed... come on, this is India! What would it take to use cotton sheets! Apparently under new management, hence a name change since I had booked... unfortunately I hope new managers get to grips with running a hotel... they were confused when I checked out expecting I was staying another day, and that was after I had to fill in the regular police report in triplicate as they couldn't read the visa in my passport...
Tor aus Schweden
Super service and beautiful hotel
Gabriele aus Australien
Really nice place to stay Cleanliness, staff, comfortable room
My husband and I moved to the Madho Vilas Hotel after staying one night in a very simple and strange guesthouse near the clock tower. Compared to that, this place was heaven -- large, comfortable room, good AC and internet, spotlessly clean room and bathroom and quiet location.
While it is a little out of the city centre and, at the time of our stay the restaurant was completing renovation, we liked the location and had no trouble finding places to eat within walking distance. In fact, we had a really good meal at other Hotel (walk to the main road, turn left and then go right at the first intersection).
The hotel is undergoing some upgrades by the look of it as there were a couple of wires sticking from the wall in our room (which we expect will soon have a TV attached) and the internet went down a couple of times (but was quickly rectified by the attentive and delightful staff).
Our check in was caring and considerate as we were taken into the private living room to sign in and we were presented with ribbons for our wrists and complementary Indian sweets on our checkout.
Overall, we were really happy at this hotel and would stay there again.
Decent Hotel, with good ambience
Avani aus Indien
lovely haveli and service with a smile !
to meet and greet with the noble families of areas was a treat. wishing abhimanyu and team all the success on their ventures and expansions ! Bewertet am 02 November 2012 | [
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Good Directions 212 Huntington Wood Cupola 84-in W 119-in H - Walmart.com Skip To Primary Content Skip To Department Navigation Menu Toggle Search Walmart. Save Money. Live Better. Walmart. Save Money. Live Better. All All Departments Auto & Tires Baby Beauty Books Cell Phones Clothing Electronics Food Gifts & Registry Health Home Home Improvement Household Essentials Jewelry Movies Music Office Party & Occasions Patio & Garden Pets Pharmacy Photo Center Sports & Outdoors Toys Video Games Clear search field Search Hello, Hello. Sign In My Account Track My Order My Account Savings Catcher Compare prices and save Pharmacy Account Manage your prescriptions VUDU Library Unlimited access to thousands of movies and TV shows Sign Out Sign In View my account Create an Account Get more out of Walmart.com Items in cart Hello. 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Patio & Garden Patio & Outdoor Decor Cupolas Good Directions 212 Huntington Wood Cupola 84-in W 119-in H 0.0 stars 0.0 stars Write a review Write a review ratings Q&A By: Good Directions About this item Features:Come in 3 sections: Roof, middle and baseWood cupolas can be painted or stainedMake great looking additions to homes and other buildingExtension base is requiredWeathervane ready mounting hardware built inside each Read more… $352.80 - $3,795.05 $352.80 - $3,795.05 Was $404.32 - $2472.96 Loading options... Size: |
Choose an option 26" x 36" 84" x 119" 22" 42" 36" 48" 54" 60" 72" 30" Qty: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Add to Cart
Add to List Add to Registry Shipping See delivery options FREE pickup Not available FREE shipping from this seller Close Shipping Choose your options We will display shipping prices and delivery dates once you choose the options for this item. Pickup not available Close Pickup Choose your options We will display free store pickup prices and delivery dates once you choose the options for this item. Add to List Add to Registry Customers also viewed these products Reduced Price from $17.45 Bloem Modica Round Pot Planter (Set of 12) ShippingPass Reduced Price from $8.73 Bloem Milano Round Pot Planter ShippingPass Reduced Price from $10.48 Bloem Dura Cotta Round Pot Planter ShippingPass Reduced Price from $8.13 Bloem Dura Cotta Round Saucer Planter ShippingPass from $7.36 Salsbury Industries Solid Brass 3'' Letter ShippingPass from $38.14 Bloem Lucca Resin Planter ShippingPass Reduced Price from $94.08 California Umbrella 7.5' Wood Market Umbrella ShippingPass Reduced Price from $9.99 The Party Animal, Inc NCAA Garden Flag ShippingPass from $11.95 Saturn Planter, No. SP1212, by Bloem Llc ShippingPass Reduced Price $10.09 The Party Animal, Inc MLB Garden Flag ShippingPass Reduced Price from $29.83 NCAA - Akron Zips 2-Sided Appliqu�� Banner Flag ShippingPass from $14.46 Bloem Dura Cotta Rectangular Window Box ShippingPass Reduced Price from $55.35 Bloem Dura Cotta Round Pot Planter (Set of 24) ShippingPass Reduced Price $108.37 Milano Round Pot Planter (Set of 12) Color: Living Green, Size: 12.38" W x 12.38" D ShippingPass Reduced Price $89.73 Bloem Dura Cotta Rectangular Window Box (Set of 12) ShippingPass from $103.19 KoverRoos Weathermax Dining Set Cover ShippingPass from $37.07 Siskiyou Products NFL 4 Piece BBQ Grill Tool Set ShippingPass Reduced Price from $32.33 Bloem 14in Saturn Planter Union Red 6 pack ShippingPass Reduced Price from $9.99 The Party Animal, Inc NFL Garden Flag ShippingPass from $10.87 Bloem TP1200 Tahoe Planter, 12-Inch, Black ShippingPass Reduced Price from $134.63 California Umbrella 11' Fiberglass Market Collar Tilt Umbrella ShippingPass About this item Customer reviews Item recommendations Policies Back to top About this item Important Made in USA Origin Disclaimer: For certain items sold by Walmart on Walmart.com, the displayed country of origin
recommended that you rely on product packaging or manufacturer information. Good Directions Huntington Cupola 84 inches x 105 inches About this item Important Made in USA Origin Disclaimer: For certain items sold by Walmart on Walmart.com, the displayed country of origin
recommended that you rely on product packaging or manufacturer information. Good Directions Huntington Cupola 84 inches x 105 inches Huntington Wood Cupola Expertly handcrafted Cupolas are the perfect complement to any traditional construction project. With a long history of enhancing the appearance of homes barns and commercial structures Good Directions' Cupolas are known for their wide variety of beautiful designs and high-quality construction. Specifications Count: 1 Material: Wood Manufacturer Part Number: 2184H Color: Natural/Copper Model: 2184H Brand: Good Directions Assembled Product Dimensions (L x W x H): 84.00 x 84.00 x 119.00 Inches Show Explore related products Top Rated Products in Landscaping Landscaping Garden Edging Landscaping Fabric Patio Stones Landscape Rocks Customer Reviews Write a review Be the first to review this item. Share your rating and review so that other customers can decide if this is the right item for them.
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Patent US7328068 - Method, system and device for treating disorders of the pelvic floor by ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsDescribed are implantable devices and methods for treating various disorders of the pelvic floor by means of electrical stimulation of the pudendal or other nerves, and optional means for delivering drugs in association therewith. A method of precisely positioning and implanting a medical electrical...http://www.google.com/patents/US7328068?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7328068 - Method, system and device for treating disorders of the pelvic floor by means of electrical stimulation of the pudendal and associated nerves, and the optional delivery of drugs in association therewithAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS7328068 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/723,316Publication dateFeb 5, 2008Filing dateNov 26, 2003Priority dateMar 31, 2003Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS20050113877Publication number10723316, 723316, US 7328068 B2, US 7328068B2, US-B2-7328068, US7328068 B2, US7328068B2InventorsMichele Spinelli, Sylvia Malaguti, Martin T. Gerber, Gianluca GiardielloOriginal AssigneeMedtronic, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (98), Non-Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (101), Classifications (14), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod, system and device for treating disorders of the pelvic floor by means of electrical stimulation of the pudendal and associated nerves, and the optional delivery of drugs in association therewith
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Inc.Pelvic disorder treatmentsUS20090043356 *Feb 22, 2007Feb 12, 2009Ams Research CorporationElectrode Sling for Treating Stress and Urge IncontinenceUS20100185269 *Mar 4, 2010Jul 22, 2010The Cleveland Clinic FoundationCorpus callosum neuromodulation assemblyUS20100217340 *Feb 23, 2010Aug 26, 2010Ams Research CorporationImplantable Medical Device Connector SystemUS20100256696 *Apr 7, 2010Oct 7, 2010Boston Scientific Neuromodulation CorporationAnchoring Units For Implantable Electrical Stimulation Systems And Methods Of Making And UsingUS20100274312 *Apr 22, 2010Oct 28, 2010Konstantinos AlatarisSpinal cord modulation for inducing paresthetic and anesthetic effects, and associated systems and methodsUS20100274324 *Jul 1, 2010Oct 28, 2010Medtronic Urinary Solutions, Inc.Systems and methods for clinician control of stimulation systemUS20100286679 *Apr 27, 2010Nov 11, 2010Michael HoeySystems and Methods for Prostate TreatmentUS20100292767 *Jul 26, 2010Nov 18, 2010Michael HoeySystems and Methods for Prostate TreatmentUS20110276055 *May 5, 2011Nov 10, 2011Marc PossoverLaparoscopic transpelveo-abdominal implantation of multiple channel electrodes to the endopelvic portions of the pudendus and sciatic nervesUS20150250998 *May 22, 2015Sep 10, 2015Boston Scientific Neuromodulation CorporationAnchoring units for implantable electrical stimulation systems and methods of making and usingUSD736383Nov 5, 2012Aug 11, 2015Nevro CorporationImplantable signal generatorUSD736930Apr 5, 2013Aug 18, 2015Nevro CorporationImplantable signal generatorWO2013185121A1 *Jun 8, 2013Dec 12, 2013Fempulse, LlcDevices and methods for stimulating nervesWO2015058128A1 *Oct 17, 2014Apr 23, 2015Fempulse, LlcDevices and methods for stimulating nervesWO2016059542A1Oct 12, 2015Apr 21, 2016Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl)Systems and methods for treating sexual disorders using electro-stimulation* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification607/39International ClassificationA61N1/36, A61N1/18, A61N1/00Cooperative ClassificationA61N1/36071, A61N1/36017, A61N1/36107, A61N1/0521, A61N1/0514, A61N1/36007, A61N1/0512European ClassificationA61N1/36E2, A61N1/36E, A61N1/36Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionSep 15, 2005ASAssignmentOwner name: MEDTRONIC, INC., MINNESOTAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SPINELLI, MICHELE;MALAGUTI, SYLVIA;GERBER, MARTIN T.;ANDOTHERS;REEL/FRAME:016982/0823;SIGNING DATES FROM 20041211 TO 20050119Aug 19, 2008CCCertificate of correctionJul 21, 2011FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Aug 5, 2015FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services | [
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Justin Forsett#29 RB5' 8", 195 lbsBaltimore RavensBornOct 14, 1985 in Lakeland, FL (Age: 30)Drafted 2008: 7th Rnd, 233rd by SEAExperience9th seasonCollegeCalifornia2015 SeasonATTYDSTD1516412Career7333,59918Complete Stats »Go toJustin ForsettPlayer ProfileStatsSplitsGame LogVideosPhotosShop STATSATTYDSAVGLNGTDFDRECYDSAVGLNGTDFUMLST2015 Regular Season1516414.233241311534.932000Career7333,5994.981181721901,2666.747151Complete Stats »GAME LOGRUSHINGRECEIVINGFUMBLESDATEOPPRESULTATTYDSAVGLNGTDRECYDSAVGLNGTDFUMLSTSun 9/13@ DENL 13-1914433.12004133.37000Sun 9/20@ OAKL 33-3715684.51604123.07000Sun 9/27vs CINL 24-2810131.3504164.08000Thu 10/1@ PITW 23-20 (OT)271505.633000.00000Sun 10/11vs CLEL 30-33 (OT)211215.822144912.332000Complete Game Log »FANTASY FOOTBALL{"playerId":11467,"percentChange":0.1,"averageDraftPosition":86.8,"percentOwned":97.9,"fullName":"Justin Forsett","pointsSEASON":83,"positionRank":42,"projectedPoints":140.470897194}
about 13 days ago | Jamison Hensley | ESPN Staff Writer
Joe Flacco, Ravens kick back for a -- wait for it -- Bachelorette night
Joe Flacco and several of his Baltimore Ravens' teammates decided to get together for a group viewing of "The Bachelorette" on Monday night.
Justin Forsett learns firsthand he's on San Quentin prisoners' fantasy teams
As part of a program that took at-risk youth to San Quentin prison, Baltimore Ravens RB Justin Forsett learned how far the NFL's popularity reaches. | [
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Welcome to Scribd, the world's digital library. Read, publish, and share books and documents. See moreBuy Now $5.50Standard viewFull view of .Add to collectionMark as finishedMarked as finished. UndoRemove from libraryLook up keyword or sectionLike thisShare on social networks1Activity×Share to your social networks.TweetEmbedTable Of ContentsDaily TesTleT iT GoDecisions, DecisionsHuGsFour leTTer WorDsiT ain’T WorTH iTIt Ain’t Worth ItMoocHer ManTeen lovei ain’T THe one, Boo!lisTenBorn GroWnGaMes PeoPle PlaycHanGeGaMeParaDiseraPTurePayDaysorrysayinGsTHirsTin’ 2 DieWe Have overcoMeDreaM coMe TruelivinG liFeDoinG WHaT’s BesTWorDsDon’T HaTe on Meyou are our FuTurecHainsnaTural resourcesPray on, noT Prey uPonMy HalloWeen visiTorTurninG neGaTive on iTs HeaDcoMForT ZoneWiTHouT youThe author
P. 1GROWING PAINS: "REAL TALK" Poetry for Young Adults Volume 1GROWING PAINS: "REAL TALK" Poetry for Young Adults Volume 1Betty DavisRatings: (0)|Views: 19|Likes: 0Published by AuthorHouseBooksWhen I go into a school and see behavior that needs attention, I try to address my feelings as well as those of the students who are affected. Rather than telling someone how to live their life, I'd rather show in words what my experiences have led me to believe. We all have the right to choose the path we wish to take, it's also good to know what our options are.When I go into a school and see behavior that needs attention, I try to address my feelings as well as those of the students who are affected. Rather than telling someone how to live their life, I'd rather show in words what my experiences have led me to believe. We all have the right to choose the path we wish to take, it's also good to know what our options are.More info:Publish date: Feb 6, 2012Added to Scribd: Feb 08, 2012Copyright:Traditional Copyright: All rights reservedISBN:9781468501278List Price: $5.50 Buy NowAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.This book can be read on up to 6 mobile devices.Flag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee moreSee lesshttps://www.scribd.com/doc/80891719/GROWING-PAINS-REAL-TALK-Poetry-for-Young-Adults-Volume-110/01/2014579781468501278$5.50USDpdf You're Reading a Free Preview | [
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Gainesville Area New Home Sales Bouncing Back -- GAINESVILLE, Fla., Dec. 3, 2012 /PRNewswire/ --
See more news releases in Banking & Financial Services | Real Estate | Residential Real Estate | Economic News, Trends, Analysis Gainesville Area New Home Sales Bouncing Back GAINESVILLE, Fla., Dec. 3, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- With historic low interest rates and low prices on new and existing homes, the housing market across the nation is bouncing back, and Gainesville's housing market is growing with it.
October sales of existing single-family homes in Gainesville grew nearly 30 percent over the same period in 2011, but new home sales are also on the rise according to Matt Thomas, owner of Thomas Group Realty.
"As the local economy continues to bounce back and consumer confidence continues to rise, we have seen more clients come to us looking to build, rather than find an existing home," Thomas said. "The contractors we work with, such as Innovative Home Builders of North Florida, have seen a lot more activity, especially compared to last year."
Home builders around the nation have seen similar trends. The National Association of Home Builders announced in November that contractor confidence in the market for newly built, single-family homes has risen to its highest level since May 2006.
Florida was hit especially hard by the housing market crash, with many cities among the worst vacancy rates in the country. However, as the local economy improves, Gainesville's housing market continues to recover.
About Thomas Group Realty: The Thomas Group is a boutique real estate agency founded in January 2012 comprised of the most seasoned Realtors® in the area. Thomas Group showcases the best homes for sale in Gainesville FL, bringing years of experience, professionalism and integrity to make sure customers are satisfied. Media contact: Viki Caneva 1 877 352 6334 vcaneva@352media.com
SOURCE Thomas Group Realty RELATED LINKS
http://www.thomasgrouprealty.com | [
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Patent US5815718 - Method and system for loading classes in read-only memory - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method and system for providing an executable module having an address space for storing program data that is to reside in a read-only storage medium and an address space for storing program data that is to reside in a random access memory is herein described. The executable module represents Java...http://www.google.com/patents/US5815718?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5815718 - Method and system for loading classes in read-only memoryAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5815718 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/655,474Publication dateSep 29, 1998Filing dateMay 30, 1996Priority dateMay 30, 1996Fee statusPaidAlso published asCN1114155C, CN1172303A, DE69707752D1, DE69707752T2, DE69738504D1, EP0810522A2, EP0810522A3, EP0810522B1, EP1098247A2, EP1098247A3, EP1098247B1, US5966542, US6223346, US7159213, US20010047513Publication number08655474, 655474, US 5815718 A, US 5815718A, US-A-5815718, US5815718 A, US5815718AInventorsTheron D. TockOriginal AssigneeSun Microsystems, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (8), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (68), Classifications (18), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod and system for loading classes in read-only memoryUS 5815718 AAbstract A method and system for providing an executable module having an address space for storing program data that is to reside in a read-only storage medium and an address space for storing program data that is to reside in a random access memory is herein described. The executable module represents Java classes that are structured for dynamic class loading. A static class loader is used to modify the class structure to accommodate static loading. The static class loader also identifies methods that contain unresolved symbolic references and data that varies during the execution of the module. These methods and data are identified in order to place them in the address space that resides in the random access memory. The static loader is beneficial in a distributed computing environment having a client computer that has little or no secondary storage thereby requiring applications to run entirely in random access memory. By utilizing a read-only memory to store statically loadable classes, the random access memory is left available for other uses.
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G06F9/44F2A, G06F9/445LLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 11, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Mar 29, 2006FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Feb 11, 2002FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Aug 16, 1996ASAssignmentOwner name: SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TOCK, THERON D.;REEL/FRAME:008147/0925Effective date: 19960805RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google | [
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Night of the Demons 2 [New DVD] Night of the Demons 2 [New DVD] Remastered, Wi 887090053501 | eBay
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blowitoutahere (2083954 )
Details about Night of the Demons 2 [New DVD] Night of the Demons 2 [New DVD] Remastered, Wi
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Crocheted Eggs Twelve Designs for Collectors & Decorators Leisure Arts 2185 1992 28906021851 | eBay
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Crocheted Eggs Twelve Designs for Collectors & Decorators Leisure Arts 2185 1992
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Leisure Arts Contemporary Crochet & Knitting Patterns without Modified Item, | [
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Patent US20080313639 - Policy based scheduling of software applications - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method and apparatus for using policies to limit resource usage by software applications is disclosed herein. The policies define rules that specify a maximum amount of a resource that a particular application is allowed to use given the current state of the computer system, in one embodiment. The...http://www.google.com/patents/US20080313639?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20080313639 - Policy based scheduling of software applicationsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20080313639 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/762,708Publication dateDec 18, 2008Filing dateJun 13, 2007Priority dateJun 13, 2007Publication number11762708, 762708, US 2008/0313639 A1, US 2008/313639 A1, US 20080313639 A1, US 20080313639A1, US 2008313639 A1, US 2008313639A1, US-A1-20080313639, US-A1-2008313639, US2008/0313639A1, US2008/313639A1, US20080313639 A1, US20080313639A1, US2008313639 A1, US2008313639A1InventorsKrishna Kumar, Murali Krishna, Thiruvalluvan M.G.Original AssigneeKrishna Kumar, Murali Krishna, M G ThiruvalluvanExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (8), Classifications (8), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetPolicy based scheduling of software applicationsUS 20080313639 A1Abstract A method and apparatus for using policies to limit resource usage by software applications is disclosed herein. The policies define rules that specify a maximum amount of a resource that a particular application is allowed to use given the current state of the computer system, in one embodiment. The state can be defined based on conditions such as user activity, resource usage, time of day, etc. A scheduler monitors the computer system and the application and enforces the policies to control the resource usage of each application. If the scheduler determines that an application has been using more of a particular resource than is allowed then the scheduler takes some action to reduce resource usage until actual resource usage is at or below allowed resource usage. Each application has its own set of policies associated that allow the application to define rules to limit resource usage, in one embodiment.
1. A method of scheduling in a computer system, comprising:
monitoring one or more conditions of the computer system; based on the one or more conditions and a policy associated with an application, determining a maximum allowed usage of a particular resource by the application; determining whether actual usage of the particular resource by the application is greater than the maximum allowed usage; and in response to determining that the actual resource usage is greater than the maximum allowed usage, performing one or more actions to reduce the actual resource usage until the actual resource usage is at or below the maximum allowed usage. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein performing one or more actions includes changing a scheduling priority of an activity of the application.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein performing one or more actions includes controlling execution of the application in order to reduce usage of the particular resource by the application.
the actual usage of the particular resource by the application includes usage of the particular resource by a process external to the application that the application invokes; and performing one or more actions includes controlling execution of the application in order to reduce usage of the particular resource by the process external to the application. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein performing one or more actions includes controlling usage of another resource by the application in order to reduce usage of the particular resource by the application.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the application is divided into one or more activities that each have a specified urgency, and determining the maximum allowed usage is based on the urgency of each of the activities that is currently running.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising the application altering an urgency of one or more of its activities.
based on user input, establishing the maximum allowed usage for the particular resource by the application for a state of the computer system. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
based on user input, determining a value for a condition of the computer system that defines a state of the computer system, wherein the maximum allowed usage is based on the state. 10. A computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which when executed on a processor cause the processor to execute the steps of:
monitoring one or more conditions of the computer system; based on the one or more conditions and a policy associated with an application, determining a maximum allowed usage of a particular resource by the application; determining whether actual usage of the particular resource by the application is greater than the maximum allowed usage; and in response to determining that the actual resource usage is greater than the maximum allowed usage, performing one or more actions to reduce the actual resource usage until the actual resource usage is at or below the maximum allowed usage. 11. The computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of performing one or more actions includes instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of changing a scheduling priority of an activity of the application.
12. The computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of performing one or more actions includes instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of controlling execution of the application in order to reduce usage of the particular resource by the application.
the actual usage of the particular resource by the application includes usage of the particular resource by a process external to the application that the application invokes; and the instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of performing one or more actions include instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of controlling execution of the application in order to reduce usage of the particular resource by the process external to the application. 14. The computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of performing one or more actions include instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of controlling usage of another resource by the application in order to reduce usage of the particular resource by the application.
15. The computer readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the application is divided into one or more activities that each have a specified urgency, and wherein the instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of determining the maximum allowed usage include instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of determining the maximum allowed usage based on the urgency of each of the activities that is currently running.
16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of the application altering an urgency of one or more of its activities.
17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 10, further comprising instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of:
based on user input, establishing the maximum allowed usage for the particular resource by the application for a state of the computer system. 18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 10, further comprising instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of:
based on user input, determining a value for a condition of the computer system that defines a state of the computer system, wherein the maximum allowed usage is based on the state. 19. A system comprising:
a processor; and a computer readable storage medium coupled to the processor, the computer readable medium comprising instructions which when executed on a processor cause the processor to execute the steps of: monitoring one or more conditions of the computer system; based on the one or more conditions and a policy associated with an application, determining a maximum allowed usage of a particular resource by the application; determining whether actual usage of the particular resource by the application is greater than the maximum allowed usage; and in response to determining that the actual resource usage is greater than the maximum allowed usage, performing one or more actions to reduce the actual resource usage until the actual resource usage is at or below the maximum allowed usage. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of performing one or more actions includes instructions which when executed on the processor cause the processor to execute the step of controlling execution of the application in order to reduce usage of the particular resource by the application.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to scheduling processes in a computer system. In particular, embodiments of the present invention relate to using policies to limit resource usage.
BACKGROUND Scheduling software to run in a computer system involves determining when to allow each process or thread to have access to the processor or other resource. One scheduling scheme is to divide processor usage into relatively small time increments that are sometimes referred to as �time slices� with respect to CPU usage or �quotas� with respect to storage space. For example, each process (or thread) is allotted one or more time slices in which to execute. Numerous schemes have been developed to determine how often a process should be granted a time slice in which to execute. For example, some techniques allocate the processor on a substantially equal basis such that each process gets about the same amount of processor time. Another technique is to allocate more processor time to processes that have a higher priority. Still other techniques are to boost the priority or increase the time slice based on a variety of factors.
While such techniques are quite effective for many circumstances, these techniques may cause problems in some situations. For example, running a background application such as a desktop search engine indexer, disk defragmenter, or virus detection program may interfere with other applications such as word processors or e-mail programs. As a particular example, if a virus detection program is running in the background, the user may notice that a word processing program responds more slowly than normal.
Thus, improved software scheduling techniques are desired. Furthermore, improved techniques are desired for scheduling background applications such as virus detection programs, disk defragmenters, and desktop search engine indexes.
FIG. 1 depicts a system for controlling resource usage based on policies, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a procedure for policy based resource allocation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example computer system in which embodiments of the present invention may be practiced.
Overview Using policies to limit resource usage by software applications is disclosed herein. The policies define rules that specify a maximum amount of a resource that a particular application is allowed to use given the current state of the computer system, in one embodiment. The state can be defined based on conditions such as user activity, resource usage, time of day, etc. For example, one of the policies might dictate that an indexing engine running on a desktop be limited to little or no resource usage when there is a user interacting with the system. As another example, a set of policies might cause a disk defragmentation daemon to run at a low priority immediately after a full scan that yielded little benefit, but may increase the priority if disk activity increases.
A scheduler monitors the computer system and the application and enforces the policies to control the resource usage of each application. If the scheduler determines that an application has been using more of a particular resource than is allowed then the scheduler takes some action to reduce resource usage until actual resource usage is at or below allowed resource usage. For example, the scheduler might lower the scheduling priority of a process or thread associated with the application. As another example, the scheduler might temporarily suspend a process or thread associated with the application. Many other techniques are possible.
Each application has its own set of associated policies that allow the application to define rules that limit resource usage, in one embodiment. While not limited to background applications, policy based limiting of resource usage is suited for background applications such as anti-virus scanners, disk archival, defragmentation and compaction tools, and desktop indexing engines, which continuously run in the background, usually as daemons or services.
Limiting resource usage may have beneficial side-effects. For instance, limiting CPU usage may also limit the number of pages of memory of other applications that get swapped out. The policies may dictate that, even when there currently are no other consumers of a resource, the application still limits its resource usage, which can provide a variety of benefits. For example, full resource usage may cause continuous power consumption, excess heat, wear-and-tear, and a perception of inefficiency or software problems.
System Overview FIG. 1 depicts a system 100 for controlling resource usage of software applications based on policies 104, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Each of the applications 102(1)-102(3) has a set of policies 104(1)-104(3) associated therewith. The policies 104 define an upper limit on resource usage for different states of the computer system, in one embodiment. The policies 104 may be stored, for example, in a system configuration file. Example policies 104 are discussed below. A scheduler 106 monitors to collect information to determine the state, as well as application resource usage. The scheduler 106 controls the resource usage of the applications 102, based on the policies 104. In one embodiment, there is an instance of a scheduler 106(1)-106(3) for each application 102(1)-102(3). However, in another embodiment a scheduler 106 controls more than a single application 102.
An application 102 is modeled as a set of activities 110, in one embodiment. The resource usage of the application 102 is controlled by controlling the resource usage of individual activities 110, in an embodiment of the present invention. For example, if the entire application 102 is allotted 30% CPU usage, then controlling each of three activities 110 to limit them to 10% CPU usage successfully limits the application 102 as a whole. However, it is not required that each activity 110 be limited to a particular resource usage limit in order to limit the application 102 as a whole.
The activities 110 may be implemented as separate processes, or threads within a process, or tasks serviced by a thread, or some combination thereof. Thus, as used herein, the term �activity� used in the context of a software application 102 includes a process, thread, or any combination of processes and threads. An application 102 may have any number of activities 110, including a single activity 110. As an example, an indexing engine could have a �crawling activity� that locates documents that have been changed recently, a �parsing activity� that parses the documents to extract keywords and create a rough index, and an �indexing activity� that refines the rough index to create a refined index that is suitable for querying.
In one embodiment, the scheduler 106 controls each activity's 110 resource usage based on an urgency of each activity 110. An urgency defines a measure of how important it is to schedule an activity 110 relative to other activities 110. An urgency is similar to a scheduling priority, but is not necessarily the priority that an operating system uses to schedule a particular process or thread. For example, the urgency that is assigned to an activity 110 does not necessarily correspond to the process priority it has if one were to view the process priority with a tool such as a task manager in the Windows� operating system. Each activity 110 has a separate value of its current �urgency,� in an embodiment. The activity 110 can alter its urgency based on factors such as the amount of work that the activity 110 needs to complete and the negative impact on the users or other applications 102 if the work is deferred. In one embodiment, each activity 110 proactively provides its urgency to the scheduler 106. In another embodiment, the scheduler 106 requests that the activity 110 provide its urgency. Thus, various techniques for the scheduler 106 to learn the urgency include, but are not limited to polling, notifications to the scheduler 106, and including the urgency in a scheduling request.
The scheduler 106 monitors conditions in the computer system to determine the state the computer system is in, as defined by the policies 104 for each application 102. Thus, given a current set of conditions, the state can be different for each application 102. For example, based on current conditions, the policies 104 might indicate that the computer system is in an �IDLE� state for a CPU intensive application 102, but is in a �BUSY� state for a network I/O intensive application 102.
The scheduler 106 stores information relating to the conditions in the system data 120, along with other information. The other information may include the applications' past resource usage, the total resource usage by all processes in the computer system, each activities' urgency, and information relating to the conditions for which the scheduler 106 monitored.
Based on the policies 104 and the system data 120, the scheduling logic 125 determines how to control the applications' usage of resources. To control a particular applications' 102(1) usage of a particular resource, the scheduling logic 125 determines a maximum usage, and then determines whether to perform an action to reduce the actual usage of the particular resource by the activities 110 of the application 102(1). As previously mentioned, various techniques are disclosed herein for reducing resource usage to enforce the policies 104.
The scheduler 106 resides outside of the operating system, in the embodiment depicted in system 100. In this embodiment, Each of the schedulers 106(1)-106(3) may use operating system performance monitors 128 to learn of the resource usage of the applications 102, as well as total system resource usage. Each scheduler 106(1)-106(3) may use operating system primitives 126 to control its respective application 102(1)-102(3). Alternatively, the scheduler 106 interfaces with its application 102 to monitor and control it. In another embodiment, the scheduler 106 resides in the operating system.
Modes of Operation�Overview The scheduler 106 may control resource usage of the applications 102 in either a collaborative mode or in a non-collaborative mode. In the collaborative mode, an activity 110 explicitly asks the scheduler 106 for permission to execute. For example, an activity 110 makes a call to the scheduler 106 via an API in order to request permission to execute. The call may also specify the activity's urgency and also possibly the activity's resource usage. The scheduler 106 determines when the activity 110 may execute in order to enforce the policy 104.
In the non-collaborative mode, the activities 110 do not need to have knowledge of the scheduler 106. In other words, the activities 110 do not request permission from the scheduler 106 to run. If the application 102 or activity 110 exceeds its resource limit, the scheduler 106 takes an action to �pre-empt� the activity 110. The scheduler 106 can use operating system primitives 126 in order control the activities 110. For example, if the activity 110, or its associated application 102, is utilizing too much of the resource, then the scheduler 106 might request the O/S to change the scheduling priority of one or more activities 110 of the application 102. In the non-collaborative mode, the scheduler 106 may use means such as operating system performance monitors 128 to learn of the resource usage of the applications 102, as well as total system resource usage.
Additional examples of controlling the applications 102 in the collaborative and non-collaborative mode are discussed below.
Example Policies for Policy Based Resource Allocation Table I-Table III depict example policies 104 for controlling resource allocation, in accordance with an embodiment. The policies 104 for each application 102 are based on �conditions� of the computer system, in this embodiment. The conditions define the �state�, in this embodiment. Based on the state, the application 102 is allowed a maximum resource usage. As will be discussed below, the maximum is scaled back, in one embodiment.
INDEXING_ENGINE_POLICY
User active in the system in
CPU <5%
ResidentMemory <5%
User-triggered processes
using CPU >60%
ResidentMemory <10%
CPU <50%
ResidentMemory <20%
As an example, the policies 104 in Table I for the indexing engine dictate that if there is user activity within the last 60 seconds, then the state is �USER_BUSY�. In this state, CPU usage is limited to no more than 5% and resident memory is limited to no more than 5%. Note that the indexing engine does not attempt to use as much of a given resource that is available. For example, in the IDLE state, CPU usage is limited to no more than 50%. Thus, if the user pulls up a window such as a �task manager� window that is available in various versions of the Windows� operating system, the user will see that the CPU usage is no more than 50%. If the policies 104 did not limit the resource usage, then the indexing engine might use 100% of the CPU, which could give the user the impression that the indexing engine is monopolizing resources.
Also, if there are other applications 102 running simultaneously with the indexing engine, then limiting resources used by the indexing engine can help the other applications 102 run more smoothly. For example, if the user is playing a movie, the state might be �SYSTEM_BUSY�, in which case the policy 104 dictates that the indexing engine be limited to 10% CPU usage. Note that this state corresponds to greater than 60% CPU usage. Therefore, there could be up to 40% CPU usage available. However, the policies 104 limit the indexing engine to 10% CPU usage.
The rules for the policies 104 may be provided by the application 102. However, the rules may have user definable parameters. For example, the application 102 program can define a rule that states that if there is user activity within the last �n� seconds, then the CPU usage is to be limited to �x� percent. The user may specify the values for �n� and x Alternatively, the user might specify relative terms such as long, medium, short, or alternatively high, medium, and low, which are converted to numeric values for �n� and �x�.
Table II shows example policies 104 for a defragmenter engine, in accordance with an embodiment. Table III shows example policies 104 for a download engine, in accordance with an embodiment. Note that each application 102 is able to define its own set of states and the condition associated with the state. Also, the particular resource whose usage is being limited is application 102 specific.
DEFRAGMENTER_ENGINE_POLICY
Free disk space <5%
DISK_SPACE_LOW
DOWNLOAD_ENGINE_POLICY
Internet connection <5%
10:00 PM�06:00 AM
Internet connection <20%
Example Procedure for Policy Based Resource Allocation FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a procedure 200 for policy 104 based resource allocation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Procedure 200 will be discussed using the example system 100 of FIG. 1; however, procedure 200 is not limited to system 100. It will be appreciated that the steps of procedure 200 are ordered for convenience of explanation. In step 202, the scheduler 106 monitors one or more conditions of the computer system. Tables I-III provide some example conditions.
In step 204, the scheduler 106 determines a maximum resource usage for the application 102 based on one or more policies 104, as well as the conditions. As an example, the scheduler 106 determines that the indexing engine is allowed a maximum of 50% CPU usage because the conditions indicate that the computer system is in an IDLE state.
In optional step 206, the scheduler 106 scales down the maximum allowed resource usage based on the activities 110 that are currently running in the application 102 and their respective urgencies. For example, if the indexing engine has only one activity 110 running and it has a low urgency, then the scheduler 106 might scale the allowed CPU usage from 50% down to 10%. As a more particular example, the activity 110 of crawling to locate documents might have a low urgency. If this is the only activity 110 of the indexing engine, the CPU usage can be scaled down while still providing plenty of CPU resource for the crawling activity 110. Further details of scaling resource usage are discussed below.
Note that steps 202, 204, 206 may be performed repeatedly at any time that the application 102 is running.
In step 208, the scheduler 106 learns the actual resource usage of the application 102 to be scheduled. For example, the scheduler 106 learns the CPU usage over the last �x� seconds. As used herein, this time period will be referred to as a �monitor window�. In one embodiment, the application 102 reports its resource usage to the scheduler 106. In another embodiment, the scheduler 106 uses operating system performance monitors 128 to determine actual resource usage
In step 210, the scheduler 106 determines whether the actual resource usage of the application 102 exceeds the maximum allowed resource usage as determined by step 204 or step 206 if scaling was used. If resource usage is too high, then in step 212 the scheduler 106 takes an action to reduce the application's 102 resource usage. Note that even if the actual resource usage is less than the allowed usage, the scheduler 106 may continue to throttle the application's activities. The application 102 may be under control only because of the throttling currently in effect. If the current usage is substantially less than the allowed level, then the scheduler 102 can relax the throttling somewhat. The scheduler 102 continues this practice until the current application usage is in the same range as the allowed usage.
For example, if the indexing engine has a target allocation of 5% CPU usage, but has a CPU usage of 14% over the monitor window, then the scheduler 106 takes one or more actions intended to drive the indexing engine's CPU usage down to 5% over some selected time window. The selected time window is the monitor window, in one embodiment. Further details of taking an action to enforce the policy 104 are described below. Briefly, some examples include changing process priority, putting a process to sleep, and stopping a process.
After taking the action, control passes to step 208 to learn the actual resource usage by the application 102. Steps 208-212 are performed until resource usage complies with the policy 104. Thus, the scheduler 106 uses feedback to control the application's 102 resource usage to enforce the policy 104.
Example Actions to Enforce the Policies As previously discussed, if the resource usage for a particular application 102 is above the applicable limit, then the scheduler 106 takes one or more actions to reduce the resource usage. The following discussion includes several actions for enforcing the resource allocation.
Some resources, such as resident memory, are directly controllable. For such directly controllable resources, the scheduler 106 may use operating system primitives 126 to limit the usage of the application 102. For example, the scheduler 106 asks the operating system to enforce the memory usage of the indexing engine.
In cases of resources which cannot be controlled directly, the scheduler 106 takes other actions to enforce the limits. For certain resources, the application's 102 usage can be measured on a per-activity 110 basis. For instance, in case of CPU limits, the scheduler 106 can learn of the usage per thread and per process. Therefore, the scheduler 106 may lower the process' and threads' priority to attempt to bring down CPU usage. To reduce the priority, the scheduler 106 may use operating system primitives 126 to request that the operating system lower the priority of one or more threads or processes of the application 102.
In the collaborative mode, the activities 110 check with the scheduler 106 periodically for permission to proceed. The scheduler 106 suspends the activities 110 as required to bring down the usage to under the limit. For example, the scheduler 106 puts the activity 110 to sleep. The length of time of the suspension is estimated based on the activity's 110 urgency, its past resource usage, and the current resource limit. Collaborative mode can be used to control CPU usage, as well as other resources such as disk IO or network IO. Controlling disk IO or network IO can be achieved by either centralizing or intercepting all IO calls from the application 102 and channeling these calls through the scheduler 106.
The computation is refined by feedback until the application's 102 resource usage comes below the limit. In one embodiment, the feedback computations may refine resource allocations to specific individual activities in order to control the application's usage. In another embodiment, the feedback loop is used to refine the current allowed application resource limit which is then shared out to the activities (as per their urgencies).
In the collaborative mode, the scheduler 106 knows the urgency of the activity 110 being executed by the process/thread. The scheduler 106 throttles low urgency activities 110 much more than high urgency activities, in one embodiment. For example, consider an application 102 that is allowed 30% CPU usage and has a high, a medium, and a low urgency activity 110. The scheduler 106 might reduce the CPU usage of the high urgency activity 110 to 20%, the medium to 8%, and the low to 2%. These values are provided for illustrative purposes.
While initially the allowed resource usage is directly apportioned to the application's activities according to their urgencies, during subsequent cycles it is the feedback mechanism which controls the resource apportioned to each activity, in an embodiment. The scheduler 106 keeps track of the recent history of how much resource allocation each activity was allowed in the past, and how much the application 102 ended up using in that time window. This helps the scheduler 106 to refine the allocation so that the overall application resource usage is brought to control. This is useful in at least two cases.
A first case is when there are uncontrolled threads/processes in the application 102. That is, threads/processes that cannot be directly controlled by the scheduler 106, but which share a master-slave relationship with one of the activities which is controllable by the scheduler 106. Then, throttling the master also results in throttling the slaves, and the level of throttling is determined be feedback mechanism based on past behavior.
A second case is when the resource is controlled by a proxy resource. For instance, when disk I/O is being controlled by means of controlling CPU allocation. Again, it is the feedback mechanism which helps the scheduler 106 determines the CPU limits per activity which results in the overall application disk I/O being maintained within limits.
In some cases, not all the processes/threads collaborate with the scheduler 106. That is, an application 102 that does collaborate with the scheduler 106 may invoke a process external to the application, wherein the external process does not collaborate with the scheduler. Thus, the external process does not make calls to the scheduler to get permission to execute. In this case, the scheduler 106 is not able to directly control the external process order to limit its resource usage. However, the master-slave relationship between the application 102 and the external process allows the scheduler 106 to control resource usage. For example, the indexing engine might invoke a process external to the indexing engine in order to tokenize documents. However, this external process might not be directly controllable by the scheduler 106. However, the scheduler 106 can take an action such as putting the indexing engine to sleep or reducing its priority in order to reduce resource usage of the external process.
In one embodiment, the scheduler 106 stops the activity 110 for a period of time and then re-starts it in order to limit resource usage. This technique is typically only used in cases in which the battery is low because of the overhead of having to re-start the activity 110.
When certain events occur it may be difficult to effectively control resource usage using some of the foregoing techniques. The scheduler 106 may suspend/resume the application 102 as a whole, in response to such events. For instance, if a laptop is going to battery mode, or if free disk space runs very low, the scheduler 106 may suspend the application 102 altogether. The application 102 may be resumed when the system returns to AC power or when disk is cleaned to get more disk space.
The scheduler 106 may use a controllable resource as a proxy to limit usage of a resource which cannot be directly controlled. For example, the scheduler 106 may not be able to directly control network I/O usage to enforce a policy for a download manager. However, the scheduler 106 can limit CPU usage of the download manager until the network I/O usage limits are complied with.
Scaling the Resource Allocation Based on Aggregation of Activities In one embodiment, the scheduler 106 scales down the maximum allowed resource usage based on factors such as how many activities an application 102 currently has running and their respective urgencies. For example, in the IDLE state the indexing engine is allowed a maximum of 50% CPU usage. That is, the combined CPU usage of all of the activities of the indexing engine must be no more than 50%. In this embodiment, the 50% value is scaled down based on how many activities the indexing engine currently has running and the respective urgencies of the activities. In general, fewer activities and lower urgencies will result in scaling down further. The following example is provided to illustrate how the scheduler 106 might scale.
The urgencies might be classified as high, medium, low, and very low. Each urgency is assigned a weight such as 50, 25, 10, 5. The weights of each running activity 110 are combined. Based on the combined weight, the allowed usage is scaled. For example, if the combined weight is 100 or greater, then no scaling is performed. If the combined weight is less than 100, then the combined weight, as represented as a percentage, is used as a scaling factor.
For illustrative purposes, consider the following two example cases. Case 1: The indexing engine has two high urgency activities running, resulting in combined weight of 100.No scaling is performed for Case 1. Case 2: The indexing engine has one medium urgency activity 110 and one low urgency activity 110 running, resulting on a combined weight of 35. The allowed usage is scaled down to 35% of the maximum that is defined in the policy 104. Clearly, many other techniques could be used to scale down the allowed resource usage.
Application Changing its Urgency In one embodiment, an application 102 dynamically adapts the urgency assigned to one or more of its activities 110. As previously discussed, the scheduler 106 may use the urgency to determine how to enforce the policies. In some cases, the application 102 alters its urgency based on the tasks it has to perform and/or conditions in the computer system. The following examples of applications 102 altering their urgencies are provided for illustration. A desktop indexing engine may run at high urgency during the initial round of indexing and may lower its urgency when subsequently optimizing indexes or scanning for further changes. A disk defragmentation daemon may run at a low urgency immediately after a full scan that indicated that defragmentation would result in minimal benefit, but may increase its urgency if it detects significant disk activity 110.
The application 102 can change its urgency in response to a user request. For example, a download/synchronization manager may normally run at a low urgency, but may increase its urgency in response to a user request to �synchronize now� in which case it may run at high urgency.
Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS8086582 *Dec 18, 2007Dec 27, 2011Mcafee, Inc.System, method and computer program product for scanning and indexing data for different purposesUS8671087Dec 5, 2011Mar 11, 2014Mcafee, Inc.System, method and computer program product for scanning and indexing data for different purposesUS8719831 *Jun 18, 2009May 6, 2014Microsoft CorporationDynamically change allocation of resources to schedulers based on feedback and policies from the schedulers and availability of the resourcesUS20090254594 *Apr 2, 2008Oct 8, 2009Microsoft CorporationTechniques to enhance database performanceUS20100325636 *Jun 18, 2009Dec 23, 2010Microsoft CorporationInterface between a resource manager and a scheduler in a processUS20130014119 *Jul 7, 2011Jan 10, 2013Iolo Technologies, LlcResource Allocation Prioritization Based on Knowledge of User Intent and Process IndependenceUS20140156610 *Nov 30, 2012Jun 5, 2014Oracle International CorporationSelf-governed contention-aware approach to scheduling file defragmentationWO2013006233A1 *May 29, 2012Jan 10, 2013Iolo Technologies LlcResource allocation prioritization based on knowledge of user intent and process independence* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification718/104International ClassificationG06F9/50Cooperative ClassificationG06F2209/504, G06F9/4881, Y02B60/142, G06F9/5027European ClassificationG06F9/50A6, G06F9/48C4SLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJul 17, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: YAHOO! INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME OF SECOND ASSIGNOR MURALI KRISHNA PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ONREEL 019429 FRAME 0505;ASSIGNORS:KUMAR, KRISHNA;KRISHNA, MURALI;M.G., THIRUVALLUVAN;REEL/FRAME:019567/0593;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070610 TO 20070613Jun 14, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: YAHOO! INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KUMAR, KRISHNA;KUMAR, MURALI;M.G., THIRUVALLUVAN;REEL/FRAME:019429/0505;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070610 TO 20070613RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google | [
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We would have to say that we had one of the best... - Review of Meridian Resort - TripAdvisor
We would have to say that we had one of the best... - Review of Meridian Resort
We would have to say that we had one of the best family holidays we have ever had. The appartments are well equiped, modern, clean & tidy. The managment went out of their way to help in any situation. Truly a supurb holiday. A+
Ask traciebelle about Meridian Resort
Thank traciebelle
All reviews common room lock up garage scoopon deal games room an ocean view apartment felt like coming home community room a ground floor apartment full kitchen and laundry facilities nice pool and spa clean unit balcony watching table tennis the managers large grassed area sound of the waves family weekend
We arrived at 18:30 and there is no reception after 18:00. First moment in 2 bed apartment it smelt like cat urine. On examination the living area floor (carpet) was saturated, the main bedroom floor was also saturated. Next morning, as we left for all day appointments, we complained and the manager seemed surprised and said they would attend to it. Returning that evening to find rugs had been put over the wet area in main bedroom, nothing done to the living area and the smell remained. Next morning we check ed out and received a mild apology and they charged my credit card for the full price. We would never stay there again and would not recommend it unless of course you like kitty litter.
Ask Malard about Meridian Resort
3 Thank Malard
PaulOldBar, Manager at Meridian Resort, responded to this reviewResponded September 15, 2012
I would like to say that I am sorry that you had a bad experiance at the Meridian Resort, & on behalf of the Meridian Resort I unreservedly apologize. The Resort has had a makeover both inside & outside. Although I am an animal lover the resort is not pet friendly anymore. I cannot undo what has already happened but your time here was 5 years ago & we are the new managers now. My wife & I have been the managers for the last 4 years & have worked extremely hard at improving the facility. I would like to invite you back for a much more positive experiance.
Location: Australia > New South Wales > Old Bar
TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Hotels.com, Expedia, Travelocity, Orbitz, Booking.com, Priceline and Agoda so you can book your Meridian Resort reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers. | [
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Kids' Fencing Lessons - Front Range Fencing Club | Groupon
$40 for Four Weeks of Kids' Fencing Lessons at Front Range Fencing Club ($85 Value)
Beginner's fencing classes teach swordplay fundamentals to kids 9–14; this Groupon includes use of all necessary equipment
Located inside Chinook Trail Elementary Gym
$40 for four weeks of kids’ beginner fencing classes (an $85 value)
Classes are valid for kids aged 9–14
Click to see available class times<p>
Front Range Fencing is a USA Fencing member club that teaches the finer points of swordplay to kids and adults, providing all the requisite equipment needed. Certified by the US Fencing Coaches Association, the staff provides patient, careful instruction in a fun, friendly, and safe learning environment. Click here to learn a little more about what classes entail. Customer Reviews
Warm and welcoming group. Nice pace in learning basics. Instructor is patient and funny.
Wonderful, patient, fun instructors get the new students very quickly and safely into the basics of advancing, lunging, and attacking while holding the weapon. Fun class!
Vel P. ·
My daughter loves it. She's only taken 3 classes and wants to continue. It helps with her posture and focus with school work.
Irlene B. · | [
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