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Posts: 14,944 Like? no need In reply to Sammy Yousef, Unclear what our talking about in this case. Which OP? The guy in the US or Europe and lie about what? Features1.27KFeatureWhat is equivalence?407First Impressions ReviewOne of a kind? Nikon 1 V3837First Impressions ReviewA little bit better? Nikon D810562High ISO ComparedSony A7S vs. A7R vs. Canon 5D III688In-Depth Camera ReviewSony Cyber-shot RX100 III212Dive In2014 Waterproof Camera RoundupHave zoom, will travelPanasonic Lumix ZS40 Real-world Samples GalleryNow you can shoot 50mm Fujifilm X100S teleconverter gallery ConversationsDPReview talks with industry executivesIn-depth reviewSony a7: Full-frame mirrorless is here Top posters in this forum29Mako201123Nexu121LynniePad19Phathom18Iain G Foulds17Steve Bingham15Stacey_K15G1Houston13ryan200713jimoyer12Brev0012OrdinarilyInordinate12Sonyshine11MiaBanks10Big Ga10BirgerH10GaborF9Ronan_M9toomanycanons9curiousmike1300

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Painfully thin LeAnn Rimes fails to fill her jeans | Daily Mail Online Updated: 07:25 EST, 14 December 2011 But it seems LeAnn Rimes didn't get the memo about bootleg jeans. The painfully thin star looked gaunt in her dark trousers, accentuating already very slender-looking pins with black heels. They're hardly necessary! Leanne Rimes dons bootleg jeans- usually worn by curvier women for a slimming effect- for a shopping trip in Malibu The 29-year-old was dressed stylishly in a quilted leather jacket, a mushroom-coloured jumper with black lace and huge sunglasses. 'I have to lose this extra 10lbs': Frighteningly thin Peaches Geldof sparks concern as she brags about her... 'I could end up pregnant,' says mother-of-six Angelina Jolie as she puts her slender frame on show in striking... It appears LeAnn was gearing up for a busy one, as she tweeted: 'Early morning but fun day planned!!! NOH8!!!!! Lets celebrate it today and love each other.' Here's hoping she found some time to relax, as she added later: 'Girls day out!' Casual chic: Leann was stylish in a quilted leather jacket and mushroom-coloured jumper, but she could do with piling on a few festive pounds Though she has been keen to give off a carefree attitude about her weight, it's been difficult for LeAnn to disguise the fact that her formerly healthy frame has looked increasingly waif-like in recent months. The singer, who is married to actor Eddie Cibrian, is always quick to tweet about what she eats, so there's no doubt she's aware that appearances have not been too encouraging. Earlier this month she told fans that she had scoffed a massive sushi lunch when she arrived in Salt Lake City. Don't knock her over! LeAnn's step sons Jake and Mason got playful with the star during a shopping trip over the weekend She said: 'Just had the best sushi at Naked Sushi Bistro in Salt Lake City. Stuffed and on a 2 hr car ride.' When asked for more details by followers, she tweeted: 'The double double w/ brown rice & soy paper is amazing. 'I talk about food when I want cause I are it. My life revolves around it .If only people knew, who cares if they don't.,' she added. The singer's extremely slender and muscular frame had been the cause of much concern, with shots of the star's figure sparking comments over her weight loss. Skinnier than ever: LeAnn's weight loss was in evidence at the American Giving Awards in Los Angeles last week One diner even approached LeAnn in a restaurant while she was eating earlier this year in Chicago, and bluntly told her: 'You need to eat something.' Healthier: Though still slim, LeAnn was fuller-faced in 2009

Cooking Class: Homemade Pasta Tickets, Fri, May 19, 2017 at 6:30 PM | Eventbrite Fri, May 19, 2017, 6:30 PM – 9:30 PM CDT It's easy enough to grab a box of pasta from any old grocery store, but recall those moments of joy in taking a bite of a housemade pasta at an Italian trattoria. It's true -- you can recreate this experience at home! Learn to stuff and roll your own DIY pasta in this hands-on cooking class all about one of modern America's go-to starches. Students will make two types of noodles and two sauces: Fettucine with Pesto Cream Sauce Skills covered: making, kneading, rolling, cutting and filling pasta dough; making tomato sauce from scratch; making pesto with fresh basil.

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How To Choose the Right Kayak for You - The Washington Kayak Club (Washington, DC) | Meetup Looking for a kayak? Come to this event! Our own Chuck McMillin was a kayak instructor for seven years and has lots of experience helping people choose the right kayak for their paddling skills, body size, vehicle, etc. Chuck has graciously agreed to give a seminar on choosing the right kayak. He did this last year, and everyone found it very helpful. This year I'll explain how to get a new kayak FREE. We will not be on the water, but Chuck will bring a variety of kayaks for you to sit in (and to try lifting!). Bring all your questions, and come dressed to sit comfortably in kayaks. Wear something close to what you wear when kayaking -- for example, your water shoes. Chuck will cover the basics in an hour or less, but if many people show up with lots of questions, we will stay longer. The discussion will be geared to those who come. The purpose of this session is emphatically NOT to tout one brand or type of kayak, but to help you find a kayak that you will enjoy paddling and be able to handle, both in the water and when loading and unloading it from your car. DIRECTIONS: Take the Beltway to the Clara Barton Parkway heading West (away from DC). Take the exit for Carderock Recreation Area. You will come to a T intersection where you must turn left or right. Turn left. We will set up in the grassy area next to the parking lot. This short video provides a good, very basic introduction: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dyn5ygGukgM Ann o +1

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State-of-the-art neurotechnology on a shoestring | Mo Costandi | Neurophilosophy blog | Science | The Guardian An interview with Backyard Brains co-founder Tim Marzullo Tuesday 29 November 2011 04.29 EST First published on Tuesday 29 November 2011 04.29 EST A conference attendee tries the Backyard Brains optogenetics kit. Photo: Mo Costandi The first of my two news features about the Society for Neuroscience annual meeting is now online. It's about a mini-symposium called Low Cost Neuroscience for the Amateur, High School Student, Undergraduate, and Public, held on Saturday, November 12th. The symposium was chaired by Tim Marzullo, the co-founder of Backyard Brains, a young company that makes and distributes affordable neuroscience kits for students of all ages. Their latest product, which they demonstrated at the conference, enables students to use optogenetics, a state-of-the-art technique in which neural activity and animal behaviour can be manipulated with laser light. My article, Do-It-Yourself Neuroscience, is online at the Dana Foundation website. I interviewed Tim for the piece and the transcript is below. Ewen Callaway also covered the optogenetics kit for Nature. Why did you and Greg set up Backyard Brains? I had to go to grad school and get a Ph.D. to study neuroscience. I'm crazy enough to want to be a professional neuroscientist, but for every researcher there are thousands of others who are naturally curious about the brain. If astronomy were like neuroscience, you'd need a Ph.D. to look through a telescope. It's completely ridiculous. The technology for recording action potentials is 90 years old and there's no technological barrier for why you can't bring it into schools. We just had to go about building a little amplifier and actually distributing it. I come from a family of teachers and I'm a bit of a gearhead, so Backyard Brains came out of combining my love of neuroscience, education and building things. Facebook Twitter Pinterest Can you tell me about your optogenetics kit? We took optogenetics technology and reduced the cost so that high school students can learn about and use it. We set ourselves the challenge over the past year of developing a portable optogenetics and electrophysiology rig. This is a little bit more complicated than our previous gear, the SpikerBox amplifier which allows us to measure action potentials in the cockroach or cricket leg. Optogenetics needs transgenic organisms so we're limited to our models. We have a collaborator [Stefan Pulver] from the University of Cambridge and Cornell who's made these transgenic fruit flies with Channelrhodopsin expressed in all cholinergic neurons. Using 3D printing technology we designed, printed and assembled a manipulator to position our electrodes. Then we took an off-the-shelf microscope and [Backyard Brains co-founder] Greg invented the final component we needed – the LED control circuitry. Using an iPad we can precisely deliver blue light pulses at any interval we want to stimulate the preparation. In fruit fly larvae, ChR2 is expressed in cholinergic neurons that make the muscles contract when you stimulate them. Look through the microscope and you'll see the larvae crawling along on the substrate; you shine a blue light on them and they contract. How does Backyard Brains fit in to the wider DIY bio scene? Most DIY bio folks do molecular stuff. They come from computer science backgrounds, mostly, and are intrigued by the DNA code and want to start investigating it themselves. But loading and running a gel doesn't really lend itself to educational demos. Our advantage is that the electrical activity of neurons provides teaching in real time, because you can actually see it before your very eyes. We see ourselves as part of a broader movement of DIY hackers who are trying to build just-good-enough versions of gear to reduce the barrier to entry. A lot of us are inspired by the computer science revolution – when the PC became affordable enough for the consumer, massive changes occurred in society, and are still occurring today. The life sciences don't really have that innovation – the reason is you need a lot of training so you have to go to grad school and the gear is so expensive. We're trying to solve both of those problems by developing low cost gear and educational materials. Plus building things is a lot of fun. It seems like a perfect way to get underprivileged kids interested in neuroscience. Exactly – we're actually from southeastern Michigan, so we've gone to Detroit and surrounding areas many times to do workshops and demos. Our first high school demonstration of optogenetics in fruit flies was in an urban school in Detroit. Those were the first high school students in the world to see this technology, so we're pretty proud of that.

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Patent US5958638 - Electrophotographic photoconductor and method of producing same - Google Patents An object of the invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoconductor featuring uniform chargeability to a predetermined potential, low residual potential and excellent stability in the operating environment and repeated use thereof, as well as a method of producing the same. An undercoat layer...http://www.google.com/patents/US5958638?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5958638 - Electrophotographic photoconductor and method of producing same Publication number US5958638 A Application number US 09/099,039 Also published as CN1203383A, CN1218225C, DE69826186D1, DE69826186T2, EP0887711A1, EP0887711B1 Publication number 09099039, 099039, US 5958638 A, US 5958638A, US-A-5958638, US5958638 A, US5958638A Inventors Satoshi Katayama, Takahiro Teramoto, Kiyofumi Morimoto, Satoshi Machino, Tatsuhiro Morita, Tomoko Kanazawa Patent Citations (23), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (152), Classifications (10), Legal Events (4) US 5958638 A US5401600 * Sep 24, 1992 Mar 28, 1995 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Photosensitive body for electrophotography US5464718 * Dec 20, 1994 Nov 7, 1995 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge including same and electrophotographic apparatus US5744271 * Sep 27, 1996 Apr 28, 1998 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Photoconductor for electrophotography EP0718699A2 * Dec 13, 1995 Jun 26, 1996 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming method EP0785477A2 * Jan 22, 1997 Jul 23, 1997 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming apparatus and image forming process JPH0996916A * Title not available JPH02181158A * Title not available JPH04172362A * Title not available JPH04229872A * Title not available JPH06236061A * Title not available JPH06236062A * Title not available JPH10148959A * Title not available JPS5525030A * Title not available JPS5652757A * Title not available JPS63234261A * Title not available JPS63298251A * Title not available 1 * Database WPI Section Ch, Week 9438, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class A89, AN 94 308114, XP002078055 & JP 06 236061 A (Fuji Xerox Co Ltd), Aug. 23, 1994. 2 Database WPI Section Ch, Week 9438, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class A89, AN 94-308114, XP002078055 & JP 06 236061 A (Fuji Xerox Co Ltd), Aug. 23, 1994. 3 * Database WPI, Section Ch, Week 9438, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class A89, AN 94 308115 XP002078056 & JP 06 236062 A (Fuji Xerox Co Ltd), Aug. 23, 1994. 4 Database WPI, Section Ch, Week 9438, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class A89, AN 94-308115 XP002078056 & JP 06 236062 A (Fuji Xerox Co Ltd), Aug. 23, 1994. 5 * Database WPI, Section Ch, Week 9724, Derwent Publications Ltd., London GB; Class A89, AN 97 268776 XP002078076 & JP 09 096916 A (Sharp KK), Apr. 8, 1997. 6 Database WPI, Section Ch, Week 9724, Derwent Publications Ltd., London GB; Class A89, AN 97-268776 XP002078076 & JP 09 096916 A (Sharp KK), Apr. 8, 1997. 7 * Database WPI, Section Ch, Week 9832, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class A89, AN 98 372286 XP002078057 & JP 10 148959 A (Sharp KK), Jun. 2, 1998. 8 Database WPI, Section Ch, Week 9832, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class A89, AN 98-372286 XP002078057 & JP 10 148959 A (Sharp KK), Jun. 2, 1998. US6143453 * Aug 24, 1999 Nov 7, 2000 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Electro-photographic photoreceptor and image-forming apparatus using same US6472113 * Apr 16, 2001 Oct 29, 2002 Konica Corporation Electrophotoreceptor, image forming apparatus and processing cartridge US6828076 Oct 27, 2003 Dec 7, 2004 Kyocera Mita Corporation Electrophotosensitive material and method of producing the same US7361439 Jan 3, 2005 Apr 22, 2008 Xerox Corporation Lathe surface for coating streak suppression US8368731 Sep 21, 2010 Feb 5, 2013 Xerox Corporation Electrostatic imaging member and methods for using the same US8805262 Nov 1, 2011 Aug 12, 2014 Xerox Corporation Apparatus and methods for delivery of a functional material to an image forming member US8929767 Feb 21, 2013 Jan 6, 2015 Xerox Corporation Dual roll system integrating a delivery roll and a cleaning roll to extend the lifetime of the BCR system US8932787 Dec 14, 2012 Jan 13, 2015 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Electrophotographic photoconductor, electrophotographic apparatus and process cartridge US9046804 Jun 19, 2013 Jun 2, 2015 Xerox Corporation Angled alignment method for liquid materials applicator in better contact with photoreceptor or bias charge roller to minimize torque during cycling US20060147824 * Jan 3, 2005 Jul 6, 2006 Xerox Corporation Lathe surface for coating streak suppression US20070172752 * Jan 23, 2007 Jul 26, 2007 Tatsuya Niimi Image forming apparatus and image forming method US20070218256 * Mar 14, 2007 Sep 20, 2007 Fujifilm Corporation Image-receiving sheet for electrophotography and image forming process US20080124641 * Nov 16, 2007 May 29, 2008 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic photoreceptor US20080199793 * Dec 20, 2007 Aug 21, 2008 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Electrophotographic photoreceptor having excellent electrical properties and image quality and their high stabilities and electrophotographic imaging apparatus employing the same CN101025591B Jan 24, 2007 Dec 1, 2010 株式会社理光 Image forming apparatus and image forming method U.S. Classification 430/65, 430/131 Cooperative Classification G03G5/0659, G03G5/144, G03G5/142 European Classification G03G5/14B, G03G5/06D4B9, G03G5/14B2

This best selling hamper has 15 items and includes some of the shop’s finest produce, including champagne, smoked salmon, organic coffee and its gold-wrapped Artisan Panettone ... It arrives in two linen-lined wicker hampers and contains more than 60 “festive treats” that range from ...... Smoked salmon, stilton, ham, pretty much the best things in life ... Iconic London deli and grocery shop Panzer’s is launching their most luxurious and mouth-wateringly delicious hampers for Christmas featuring delicious treats and artisanal foods from all over the world as well as cheese boards and your own side of Panzer’s renowned smoked salmon.... Connect’s executive director, Eileen Prior, said ... A simple and heartfelt ‘thank you’ is enough.” Why schools are right to ban pupils from wearing designer coats. Read more ... Regency Hampers sell a “world’s best teacher” hamper, containing champagne, smoked salmon, cheeses and Swiss chocolates, for £214.50. Parents. share your views on school trip costs ... .... Read more ... Connect has discovered an array of elaborate gifts being marketed with teachers in mind, including a £214.50 “world’s best teacher” hamper containing champagne, smoked salmon and Swiss chocolates, and a personalised teacher’s gin glass with different measure lines for points in the school term, selling for £23 ... Read more ... ....... want to talk about Donald Glover ... Call me by Your Name with a refined picnic hamper by Bryn Williams is the perfect summer evening ... Smoked salmon, soda bread, the etymology of ‘apricots’. Our hamper has macaroons and a bottle of prosecco too, but I’ve also smuggled in a few cans of Quello sparkling wine and my eyes are misty by the second act ... .... Prince Charles and his wife Camilla began their visit to Cork today with a trip to the English Market where they left weighed down with gifts, including a large hamper of Irish smoked salmon, cheeses and relish ... Charles had been very impressed by two wild salmon caught in the river Lee just meters from the gates of the English Market ... .... Prince Charles and his wife Camilla have begun their visit to Cork today with a trip to the English Market where they left weighed down with gifts, including a large hamper of Irish smoked salmon, cheeses and relish ... Charles had been very impressed by two wild salmon caught in the river Lee just meters from the gates of the English Market ... .... The weekend. The Grove hotel and country retreat offers all the trimmings of a weekend getaway but without the Friday night journey from hell out of London ... Where ... The stay ... Plan ahead and someone can even meet you along the route with blankets, cushions and a gourmet picnic hamper including an antipasti platter, smoked salmon and grilled asparagus.... ... smoked salmon from a family-run smokehouse that dates from the 19th century ... This wicker hamper is stuffed with goodies to appeal to all your guests – from Champagne, traditional plum pudding and smoked salmon, to ham by Daylesford and cheeses, pickles, biscuits and chocolate.... The Wolseley Christmas Hamper ... This is the ultimate Christmas Hamper ... Forum and field is famous for its superb smoked salmon – and offers a hamper filled with the perfect morning combination -smoked salmon and fizz. Includes their famous ‘London Cure’ smoked salmon and a bottle of bubbly – what a way to start Christmas morning.... As Buoy 10 winds down, and especially with boating, highway and boat ramp closures due to fire, the fleet's attention and superstitions now turn to the relatively smoke-free Oregon Coast, where fall salmon runs have begun ... Those fishing for salmon downriver should prepare for smoke, ash and floating debris.... Share Go To. Aldi added it was "taking on" Marks & Spencer, Waitrose and Fortnum & Mason with almost 200 items including a range of luxury Christmas hampers, rope-hung boxed smoked Scottish salmon and a jewelled layered pork pie. Tony Baines, Aldi's joint managing director of corporate buying, said ... ....

Foreign assistance : accuracy of AID statistics on dollars flowing back to the U.S. economy is doubtful : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives (Microform, 1993) [WorldCat.org] I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31636982 Title: Foreign assistance : accuracy of AID statistics on dollars flowing back to the U.S. economy is doubtful : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives Publisher: Washington, D.C. : Gaithersburg, MD (P.O. Box 6015, Gaithersburg 20884-6015) : The Office ; The Office [distributor], [1993] OCLC:31636982 Foreign assistance : accuracy of AID statistics on dollars flowing back to the U.S. economy is doubtful : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives United States. -- Agency for International Development -- Information services. Economic assistance, American -- Statistics -- Evaluation. (OCoLC)654270898 31636982 "GAO/NSIAD-93-196." "B-239036"--Page 1. Add tags for "Foreign assistance : accuracy of AID statistics on dollars flowing back to the U.S. economy is doubtful : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives". 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4 bedroom detached house for sale in Forder Lane, Bishopsteignton, TQ14 www.rightmove.co.uk/property/42644532 An immaculately presented 4/5 bedroom detached house located within the prestigious 'Huntly' development. The property boasts contemporary and versatile living at its very best, enjoying wonderful views over landscaped gardens to the Teign Estuary and surrounding countryside. Situated within the prestigious "Huntly" development in the village of Bishopsteignton is this detached house offering generous versatile living accommodation throughout and a fantastic outlook towards communal gardens. An immaculately presented 4/5 bedroom detached house located within the prestigious 'Huntly' development. The property boasts contemporary and versatile living at it's very best, enjoying wonderful views over landscaped gardens to the Teign Estuary & surrounding countryside. Mulberry House has a private driveway, private garden, use of the communal gardens, ample parking, large double garage and fantastic views. To view this media, please visit the on-line version of this page at www.rightmove.co.uk/property-for-sale/property-42644532.html Disclaimer - Property reference DDT6291. The information displayed about this property comprises a property advertisement. Rightmove.co.uk makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the advertisement or any linked or associated information, and Rightmove has no control over the content. This property advertisement does not constitute property particulars. The information is provided and maintained by Dart & Partners, Teignmouth. Please contact the selling agent or developer directly to obtain any information which may be available under the terms of The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 or the Home Report if in relation to a residential property in Scotland.

Print Chicago Blackhawks right wing Patrick Kane (88) celebrates his goal against the Boston Bruins during the first period of an NHL hockey game Sunday, April 3, 2016, in Chicago. (AP Photo/Jeff Haynes) Chicago Blackhawks center Jonathan Toews (19) and Boston Bruins defenseman Zdeno Chara (33) are separated by linesman Brian Murphy (93) during the first period of an NHL hockey game Sunday, April 3, 2016, in Chicago. (AP Photo/Jeff Haynes) Patrick Kane had three goals and an assist as the Chicago Blackhawks raced to a six-goal lead in the second period before hanging on for a 6-4 win over the Boston Bruins on Sunday. Kane also had an assist in reaching the 100-point mark for the first time in his nine-year career. The win was career No. 800 for Chicago coach Joel Quenneville. Kane, the NHL's leading scorer, was clicking with linemates Artemi Panarin and Artem Anisimov early and often in the club's fourth win it its last five games. Panarin had a goal and three assists, while Anisimov added a goal and two assists. Patrice Bergeron had two goals and an assist for the Bruins. He and David Pastrnak scored 11 seconds apart late in the second period. Bruins starting goalie Tuukka Rask was replaced early in the second after allowing a barrage of goals. Brad Marchand scored on a deflection midway through the third to cut it to 6-4, but Chicago hung on. Advertisement

New generation of inactivated poliovirus vaccines for universal immunization after eradication of poliomyelitis. - PubMed - NCBI 1 selected item: 18990066 Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Dec 15;47(12):1587-92. doi: 10.1086/593310. New generation of inactivated poliovirus vaccines for universal immunization after eradication of poliomyelitis. Chumakov K1, Ehrenfeld E. Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. konstantin.chumakov@fda.hhs.gov Twenty years of global polio eradication efforts may soon eliminate the transmission of wild-type poliovirus. However, new information that has been learned about poliovirus, as well as the political realities of a modern world, demand that universal immunity against poliomyelitis be maintained, even after wild-type poliovirus is eradicated. Although 2 excellent vaccines have proven to be highly effective in the past, neither the live-attenuated vaccine nor the currently used inactivated vaccine are optimal for use in the posteradication era. Therefore, concerted efforts are urgently needed to develop a new generation of vaccine that is risk-free and affordable and can be produced on a global scale. Here, we discuss the desired properties of a vaccine and methods to create a new polio vaccine. Epidemics of Poliomyelitis in Africa since 1993. [Clin Infect Dis. 2009] 18990066 PMC2596976 10.1086/593310 Past and projected global poliovirus vaccine usage Vertical arrows indicate the years of major changes in vaccine product utilization. Dotted vertical arrows denote estimates of future years of possible changes to come. Horizontal arrows indicate the use of the different IPV and OPV products. The thickness of the horizontal arrows (not to scale) suggests the amount of vaccine utilized during the indicated time period. New Generation of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccines for Universal Immunization After Eradication of Poliomyelitis Clin Infect Dis. ;47(12):1587-1592. Z01 AI000816-10/Intramural NIH HHS/United States

6586060520942952368:VNQ01-NPPRY35:1432364048:165 Violinist Lina Bahn, pianist Lura Johnson and cellist Tobias Werner perform works by contemporary American composers Donald Crockett, Astor Piazzolla and Dan Visconti in this Steinway Series concert. At the McEvoy Auditorium. See all VERGE Ensemble locations 5/22 - 12/12 Riverbend Opera The opera company presents a fully staged production of Francesco Cilea's 1902 opera, "Adriana Lecouvreur," featuring professional opera singers, accompanied by an orchestra and piano. See all Riverbend Opera locations 7993887805296441680:VNQ01-NPPRY35:1432364084:165

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Can fish survive in carbonated water, or would they suffocate? : asksciencejump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | funny-DIY-Fitness-IAmA-Music-gadgets-television-personalfinance-space-listentothis-food-aww-news-creepy-sports-WritingPrompts-TwoXChromosomes-movies-pics-books-InternetIsBeautiful-history-AskReddit-dataisbeautiful-askscience-gifs-gaming-Jokes-Documentaries-OldSchoolCool-philosophy-worldnews-Art-LifeProTips-EarthPorn-Futurology-nottheonion-todayilearned-UpliftingNews-photoshopbattles-Showerthoughts-explainlikeimfive-nosleep-videos-tifu-GetMotivated-science-mildlyinterestingmore » asksciencecommentsrelatedwant to join? login or register in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/askscienceuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 29 Sep 2013330 points (88% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginAsk a science questionaskscienceunsubscribesubscribe3,732,561 readers932 users here nowPlease read our guidelines and FAQ before posting a community for 6 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSTheWalrussScience Butler | Artificial IntelligenceMockDeathiorgfeflkdCondensed matter | Biophysics | RelativityshaveraStrong Force | Quark-Gluon Plasma | Particle JetsJobediahEvolutionary Biology | Ecology | Functional MorphologyHonestAbeRinkinforetopsailMaritime ArchaeologymobilehypoMedical Laboratory ScienceBrainSturgeonMicrofluidics | Chemical EngineeringBrain_Doc82Neuropsychiatry...and 377 more »329330331BiologyCan fish survive in carbonated water, or would they suffocate? (self.askscience)submitted 1 year ago * by yopeasants53 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...sorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandomyou are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the comments →[–][deleted] 1 year ago (3 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted on[deleted] [–]NegativeX 215 points216 points217 points 1 year ago (2 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onSaltwater fish? permalink[–]cosine5000 23 points24 points25 points 1 year ago (1 child)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onWhat is your question? username:try anotheravailable!account recovery email: (optional)we only send email at your requestpassword:verify password:remember mecreate accountis it really that easy? only one way to find out...loginalready have an account and just want to login?username:password:remember merecover passwordloginclose this windowinterface languageEnglish [en]العربية [ar]Беларуская мова [be]български език [bg]Bosanski [bs]català [ca]česky [cs]dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo]español [es]español [es-ar]eesti keel [et]Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]français [fr]Gàidhlig [gd]עברית [he]मानक हिन्दी [hi]hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id]íslenska [is] (*)italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la]1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt]latviešu valoda [lv]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl]српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 18794 on app-29 at 2014-10-26 03:24:49.777524+00:00 running d911df0 country code: US.

Global DC-DC Converters Market Worth 3.94 Billion USD by 2021 Contact Us The report "Global DC-DC Converters Market by Application, Output Number, Input Voltage, Output Voltage, Output Power, Sales Channel, Form Factor, Product Type and Region - Forecast to 2021", published by MarketsandMarkets. The global market is projected to reach USD 3.94 Billion by 2021, at a CAGR of 2.66% during the forecast period. Browse 90 market data Tables and 66 Figures spread through 185 Pages and in-depth TOC on "Global DC-DC Converters Market" The communication segment is projected to lead the global DC-DC converters market during the forecast period. The communication segment is estimated to capture the largest market share in 2016. Communication has resulted in transforming the world into a single market. With the rapid development in the communication industry and increased adoption of broadband-enabled mobile devices, the requirement for power supply for communication equipment is also growing at a rapid pace, resulting in driving the demand in the global DC-DC converters market. Asia-Pacific is expected to be the largest market for global DC-DC converters. Countries in the Asia-Pacific region are home to major DC-DC converter manufacturers. Manufacturers in this region are competing with global rivals in various sectors such as automotive, electronic devices, and industrial components. China, Japan, and Taiwan are estimated to drive the market for DC-DC converters. These countries are major manufacturers of electronic devices such as laptops, cell phones, integrated circuits among others, which is expected to increasingly drive the demand for DC-DC converters. Inquiry Before Buying: - http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Enquiry_Before_Buying.asp?id=17565254 Browse Related Reports DC-DC Converter Market for Space by Application (Surveillance, Communication, Navigation, Scientific Research, Remote Sensing), Output Voltage (<3.3, 5, 12, 15 VDC), Output Power (<20, 20-40, 40-100, >100 W), and Geography - Global Forecast to 2020

Michael Garberding, Enlink Midstream LLC: Profile & Biography - Bloomberg President/CEO Enlink Midstream LLC, 1/2018-PRESENT President/CEO Enlink Midstream GP LLC, 1/2018-PRESENT President/CEO Enlink Midstream Partners LP, 1/2018-PRESENT President/CFO Enlink Midstream Partners LP, 9/2016-1/2018 President/CFO Enlink Midstream GP LLC, 9/2016-1/2018 President/CFO Enlink Midstream LLC, 9/2016-1/2018 Exec VP/CFO Enlink Midstream Partners LP, 3/2014-9/2016 Exec VP/CFO Enlink Midstream GP LLC, UNKNOWN-9/2016 Exec VP/CFO Enlink Midstream LLC, 3/2014-9/2016 Exec VP/CFO Crosstex Energy LP, 1/2013-3/2014 Exec VP/CFO Crosstex Energy Inc, 1/2013-3/2014 Senior VP:Finance & Bus Dev Crosstex Energy Inc, 2008-8/2011 Senior VP:Finance & Bus Dev Crosstex Energy LP, 2008-8/2011 Senior VP/CFO Crosstex Energy Inc, 8/2011-UNKNOWN Senior VP/CFO Crosstex Energy LP, 8/2011-UNKNOWN Asst Treasurer TXU Corp, FORMER Manager:Finance Enron North America Corp, FORMER University of Michigan MBA, 1999 Texas A&M University Bachelor's Degree, Accounting, 1991

HP Dome Poll for Fri Nov 29 (4-6pm) -- please respond if interested - North Shore Soccer Club (Deerfield, IL) | Meetup North Shore Soccer Club Message Board › NSSC Announcements › HP Dome Poll for Fri Nov 29 (4-6pm) -- please respond if interested HP Dome Poll for Fri Nov 29 (4-6pm) -- please respond if interested Posted 11/20/13 3:00 PM Please respond to this online poll by this Friday (Fri Nov 22) at noon if you are interested in playing in a special day-after-Thanksgiving/Black Friday (Fri Nov 29) game from 4-6pm at the Highland Park Fieldhouse "Dome". This is tentative and based on responses. http://www.meetup.com/North-Shore-Soccer-Club/polls/954132/­ Please don't email me asking me to manually count you... Soccer Players 1,171 3,427 Soccer Players

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Patent US7447691 - System and method to determine the validity of an interaction on a network - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe methods and systems of the invention utilize limited data to yield information about the validity of any given interaction with a website. Once validity information is available, an operator can determine whether or not to continue offering interactions to a given user. The determination could also...http://www.google.com/patents/US7447691?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7447691 - System and method to determine the validity of an interaction on a networkAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7447691 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/127,024Publication dateNov 4, 2008Filing dateMay 11, 2005Priority dateFeb 14, 2000Fee statusPaidAlso published asCA2400199A1, CA2400199C, CN1262949C, CN1423782A, DE10195605T0, DE10195605T1, DE60118542D1, EP1275053A1, EP1275053A4, EP1275053B1, US7136860, US7668861, US7933903, US8423543, US20020002445, US20060004594, US20080010307, US20100125542, US20110145248, US20130226924, WO2001061536A1Publication number11127024, 127024, US 7447691 B2, US 7447691B2, US-B2-7447691, US7447691 B2, US7447691B2InventorsStephan DoliovOriginal AssigneeOverture Services, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (52), Non-Patent Citations (29), Referenced by (6), Classifications (57), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystem and method to determine the validity of an interaction on a network Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5220655Mar 8, 1991Jun 15, 1993Kabushiki Kaisha ToshibaDistributed computer network for tracking the access path of a userUS5231593Jan 11, 1991Jul 27, 1993Hewlett-Packard CompanyMaintaining historical lan traffic statisticsUS5345595Nov 12, 1992Sep 6, 1994Coral Systems, Inc.Apparatus and method for detecting fraudulent telecommunication activityUS5375244May 29, 1992Dec 20, 1994At&T Corp.System and method for granting access to a resourceUS5485196Jul 14, 1993Jan 16, 1996Lyonnaise CommunicationsSecure interactive program distribution control for teledistribution networkUS5557686Jan 13, 1993Sep 17, 1996University Of AlabamaMethod and apparatus for verification of a computer user's identification, based on keystroke characteristicsUS5679938Dec 2, 1994Oct 21, 1997Telecheck International, Inc.Methods and systems for interactive check authorizationsUS5679940Dec 1, 1995Oct 21, 1997Telecheck International, Inc.Transaction system with on/off line risk assessmentUS5682317Jul 23, 1996Oct 28, 1997Pavilion Technologies, Inc.Virtual emissions monitor for automobile and associated control systemUS5692107Sep 20, 1996Nov 25, 1997Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc.Method for generating predictive models in a computer systemUS5696702Oct 15, 1996Dec 9, 1997Skinner; Gary R.Time and work trackerUS5724488Aug 30, 1996Mar 3, 1998International Business Machines CorporationFuzzy logic entity behavior profilerUS5754938Oct 31, 1995May 19, 1998Herz; Frederick S. 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Apr. 28, 1998, 2 pages.2Chatterjee, Samprit and Price, Bertram, Simple Linear Regression, Regression Analysis by Example, Second Edition, 11pgs., Jan. 1991.3Danny Sullivan, GoTo Sells Positions, The Search Engine Report, http://searchenginewatch.com/sereport/article.php/2166971, Mar. 3, 1998, 6 pgs.4Debar, Herv� et al., "Towards a taxonomy of intrusion-detection systems", Computer Networks, vol. 31, 1999, pp. 805-822.5Denning, Dorothy, E., "An Intrusion-Detection Model", IEEE Transactions of Software Engineering, 1987, vol. 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Torii, INSPEC Abstract No. C9408-0301F-026, "A Programmer Performance Measure Based on Programmer State Transitions In Testing and Debugging Process", (one page abstract), 1994.29Yun, Bae-Hyun, Statistics with SAS, Ja-You Academy 8pgs., Jun. 1995.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7693833 *Feb 1, 2007Apr 6, 2010John NagleSystem and method for improving integrity of internet searchUS8135713 *Mar 31, 2006Mar 13, 2012Sap AgSourcing controllerUS8745046Apr 8, 2013Jun 3, 2014Jericho Systems CorporationMethod and system for selecting content items to be presented to a viewerUS20070250330 *Mar 31, 2006Oct 25, 2007Sap AgSourcing controllerUS20080189263 *Feb 1, 2007Aug 7, 2008John NagleSystem and method for improving integrity of internet searchUS20160085400 *Dec 3, 2015Mar 24, 2016Dov KorenSharing of information associated with user application events* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification1/1, 707/E17.109, 709/224, 455/410, 709/223, 707/999.009, 707/999.102, 707/999.103, 707/999.101, 707/999.01, 707/999.104International ClassificationG06Q10/06, G06Q30/04, G06Q30/02, G06F19/00, G06F17/30, H04M1/66, H04L29/06, G06F17/18, G06F21/00, G06F15/173, H04L29/08Cooperative ClassificationY10S707/99943, Y10S707/99942, Y10S707/99945, Y10S707/99939, Y10S707/99944, G06F2221/2135, G06Q30/04, G06F21/577, G06Q30/02, G06Q10/067, G06F21/552, G06Q30/0242, H04L63/126, H04L63/1441, H04L63/1416, G06F17/30867, H04L63/1408, G06F17/30598, H04L67/22, H04L69/329, H04L67/02, H04L67/16European ClassificationG06F21/57C, G06F21/55A, H04L63/14A, G06Q30/04, H04L63/12B, G06Q10/067, H04L63/14A1, G06Q30/0242, G06Q30/02, H04L29/08N1, H04L29/08N21, G06F17/30W1F, H04L29/08N15Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionOct 9, 2008ASAssignmentOwner name: YAHOO! 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Patent US20040134494 - Systems and methods for aerosol delivery of agents - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsAerosol delivery systems and methods for delivering an agent to a patient are described herein. The present invention includes embodiments comprising an insulated receptacle connected to a body to hold a vial of an agent to be delivered to a patient. The vial is located in an inverted position within...http://www.google.com/patents/US20040134494?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20040134494 - Systems and methods for aerosol delivery of agentsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20040134494 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/471,620PCT numberPCT/US2002/007973Publication dateJul 15, 2004Filing dateMar 13, 2002Priority dateMar 15, 2001Also published asCA2439766A1, CA2439766C, DE60205093D1, DE60205093T2, EP1370318A2, EP1370318B1, US7225807, US8544462, US20120118283, WO2002074372A2, WO2002074372A3Publication number10471620, 471620, PCT/2002/7973, PCT/US/2/007973, PCT/US/2/07973, PCT/US/2002/007973, PCT/US/2002/07973, PCT/US2/007973, PCT/US2/07973, PCT/US2002/007973, PCT/US2002/07973, PCT/US2002007973, PCT/US200207973, PCT/US2007973, PCT/US207973, US 2004/0134494 A1, US 2004/134494 A1, US 20040134494 A1, US 20040134494A1, US 2004134494 A1, US 2004134494A1, US-A1-20040134494, US-A1-2004134494, US2004/0134494A1, US2004/134494A1, US20040134494 A1, US20040134494A1, US2004134494 A1, US2004134494A1InventorsMark Papania, James Barry, Nabil Elkouh, Marc BagleyOriginal AssigneePapania Mark James, Barry James J., Elkouh Nabil A., Bagley Marc C.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (18), Classifications (31), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystems and methods for aerosol delivery of agents US 20040134494 A1Abstract Aerosol delivery systems and methods for delivering an agent to a patient are described herein. The present invention includes embodiments comprising an insulated receptacle connected to a body to hold a vial of an agent to be delivered to a patient. The vial is located in an inverted position within the receptacle and connected to the housing. One or more reusable thermal packs can be located on the inner sides of the receptacle, to maintain a selected temperature surrounding the vial. The agent is administered to a patient by placing a prong into one of the patient's orifices and then activating an aerosol delivery system. Such systems comprise jet aerosolization and pneumatic and ultrasonic nebulizers and preferably are portable. Images(9) Claims(51) DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS [0041] The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems, including devices, for delivery of agents, preferably by aerosol delivery. Preferred systems for such delivery comprise jet nebulizer systems, pneumatic and ultrasonic aerosol generation systems. Preferred methods comprise administration of agents for treatment of living organisms, such as for methods of vaccination. [0042] Use of the present system for agent delivery, such as for vaccination purposes, provides many benefits. The present system replaces the use of needles and syringes, and reduces the costs of agent delivery. Additionally, the present system allows for treatment of patients by less-trained staff, another cost saving benefit, and also helps prevent the spread of blood borne diseases by reused needles. [0043] The aerosol delivery systems and methods of the present system are capable of providing agents in a continuous aerosol stream at a steady flow rate, may or may not need electrical power, are portable, and have a replaceable prong. For vaccination purposes, many of the embodiments may keep up to 100 doses of vaccine at a selected temperature, (for example around 9� C.) for up to 8 hours, and employ a trigger mechanism to draw a selected dose from such storage and deliver that dose. Additionally, the devices of the present system can be used to deliver from 1 to 500 doses an hour, preferably 1 to 250 doses an hour, and more preferably 1 to 100 doses per hour. The devices also provide a non-threatening appearance to reduce fear of treatment in patients. It is preferable that the systems and devices are easy to disassemble and clean. [0044] Preferred methods of the present disclosure comprise delivery of agents such as vaccine compositions. The methods of the present disclosure comprise delivery of vaccine compositions via aerosol administration. The present disclosure contemplates the use of any vaccine composition that can be delivered via aerosol administration. Particularly preferred vaccination compositions are those for measles, mumps and rubella. Such compositions may comprise measles vaccine, mumps vaccine, rubella vaccine and combinations and mixtures such as measles and mumps, rubella and mumps, measles and rubella, and measles, mumps and rubella. The vaccines further comprise pharmaceutical or formulation components such as those known in the art, including, but not limited to, diluents, compounding agents, surfactants, and agents to maintain sterility. [0045] Aerosol administration takes advantage of the benefits of such administration. The respiratory system, including the lungs, provides for a large surface area for absorption or adsorption of agents, and can be used for localized or systemic treatment of the recipient. [0046] Agents, as used herein, comprise agents that can be administered to living organisms for an effect in the treated organism. Such agents include live and killed organisms for vaccination, immunogens, immune activators or suppressors, chemotherapeutics, pharmaceuticals, nucleic acids, insulin, hormones, antibodies and fragments thereof, receptors, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, nutrients, anesthetics, narcotics, and pain relievers. [0047]FIGS. 1 and 2 show two views of an embodiment of an ultrasonic delivery system which uses direct droplet generation, such as using a piezoelectric-driven actuator to eject droplets. The hand-held device can be operated by various power systems, including a wind-up power supply such as a muscle recharged battery used in portable radios, to operate the ultrasound electronics. Standard electrical supplies can also be used, including batteries, AC power sources, DC power sources, or solar power. Such systems may also comprise a bayonet-mounted cold pack and a disposable prong that prevents contamination by backflow. [0048] In operation, to provide a positive-air supply, the user squeezes a handle in the grip of the device prior to administering each dose to fill the air reservoir. On triggering of a dose, air is delivered along with the aerosolized agent via the prong, into the treated organism or patient. The air dose helps transport the agent into the respiratory tract of the treated organism or patient. It also enables sealing of the device at the base of the prong reducing the risk for unintended release of aerosol if the prong valve is closed, since openings for entrained air are not required. The air dose deliverable by this system preferably will be relatively small, from 50 to 200 cc, more preferably 100 cc, to make the grip-actuated charging pump feasible. If a larger air dose is required, a more substantial air supply can be used with the present system. [0049] FIGS. 3, 5A-5C and 6 illustrate the design of a hand-held aerosol delivery device comprising a pneumatic aerosol generator and components thereof. A plate drilled with many small orifices ejects the droplets on each stroke of a piston actuator. FIG. 6 shows a more detailed example of an operating portion of such a system. A compressed air source powers a pneumatic oscillator to drive the actuator. Exhaust air from the oscillator carries the aerosol away and provides a positive-pressure output stream. A bayonet-mounted cold pack contains the agent and helps to maintain it at a low temperature during administration of multiple doses. The device delivers a dose of agent upon each pull of a trigger. A disposable prong with an integral anti-backflow valve prevents contamination due to sneezes or other events by the treated organism. [0050] FIGS. 5A-5C show an embodiment of a pneumatic aerosol generator. The generator comprises a pneumatic oscillator, a microdrilled orifice plate for direct droplet generation and flow passages for the agent, air and output stream. Air from storage tanks or a compressor enters the oscillator. The area and spring rate of a poppet valve, or piston, in the system are balanced so that the valve behaves unstably, shuttling back and forth, or reciprocating, from a closed to an open position. The valve stem strikes a piston, or actuator, to provide the pressure pulse needed to eject droplets from the orifice plate. Exhaust air from the poppet valve is ducted to entrain the aerosol droplets and carry them out under positive pressure to the prong. [0051] The prong of the present device preferably is disposable and intended to fit easily into the orifices of the treated organism, such as the mouth or naris of the treated organism, to introduce the aerosol and to prevent contamination of the aerosol generator by sneezing or other forceful exhalation by the treated organism. [0052] FIGS. 4A-4D show a preferred embodiment of a prong incorporating an anti-backflow valve. An inverted cone provides the moving valve element. Flexible supports, or biasing members, shown here as leaf springs, suspend the element within the valve body, holding it in the open position during normal flow and allowing it to seat to halt backflow. Varying the width and thickness of the supports controls the sensitivity of the valve. The base line support design automatically returns the valve to the normally open position when backflow ceases, but the present system contemplates other design modifications so that the valve could remain in the closed position until reset. [0053] Multiple barriers to backflow contamination are provided by the present disclosure. One of these comprises the moving valve. Other barriers to contamination include the length of the forward portion of the prong, which provides a clean buffer of air against contaminants that could leak around the valve while it is closing. During normal flow, clean air and aerosol flow through the prong and fill it up until the start of backflow. It is the clean air and aerosol in a prong body that rush backward to close the valve as contaminated flow begins to enter at the exit of the prong, preventing contamination during valve closure. Additionally, the prong body and valve elements are shaped so that a straight path from the exit of the prong through the valve does not exist. This prevents contamination by a forceful ejection of a high-speed droplet from the treated organism into the prong. The angled tip of the prong provides one barrier and the design of the valve provides another. Fine aerosols that travel with the air stream can negotiate these paths, but larger high-speed ejection droplets will be captured by the walls and will not reach the aerosol generator. [0054] Such a pneumatic system has several advantages. No recycling of fluid occurs during aerosolization and eliminates the need for a large fluid inventory or multiple exposures of the agent to mechanical stress. The positive-pressure output stream provides forced flow of aerosol that minimizes the need for cooperation of the patient for controlled inhalation. In a preferred embodiment, the device is compact and does not need electricity for operation. Compressed air provides the power to operate the system. [0055] The compressed air can be provided in any means known to those skilled in the art. For example, a pneumatic system may use the modular air supply shown in FIG. 8C. For maximum mobility, compressed air can be stored in one or two backpack mounted tanks. The person providing treatment can then use the hand-held delivery system while on the move with only a single slim air hose connected to the backpack. In stationary use, the hand-held unit can be connected to a compressor or an air supply such as those delivered through wall units in hospital settings. [0056] FIGS. 8A-8C show an embodiment of a jet nebulizer comprising two main parts, a backpack mounting the air supply system comprising air tanks, regulator and other fittings, and a cold box containing the nebulizer, agent, and dose controls. A simple air hose connects the two pieces of the system. To administer a dose, the user presses a plunger on the top of the cold box. The nebulizer chamber is periodically refilled by pressing a second plunger. [0057] Refrigeration means are included in the present system, which extend the period of time between removal of agent vials from their cold storage container and loss of potency due to elevated temperature. Any means of providing refrigeration on coolant to the agent is contemplated by the present disclosure and cold packs are a preferred means. [0058] The present disclosure also comprises dosage control. Dosage control is provided preferably by a single-handed, single-stroke trigger that actuates a dosage delivery system that dispenses a timed dose of agent. Dosage control may be effected by means of an electronic timing circuit or a pneumatic timer and an adjustable needle valve. The pneumatic timer is activated with a spring-loaded plunger, which upon compression, expels the air in the plunger shaft through a check valve. The spring causes the plunger to retract slightly, forming a vacuum in the plunger shaft, which is connected to one side of a diaphragm of a vacuum-controlled pneumatic relay. The vacuum on one side of the pneumatic relay engages a valve that allows air to pass from the air supply to the nebulizer or aerosol generator. Attached to the plunger shaft is a needle valve that allows flow to bleed back into the shaft to gradually relieve the vacuum and close the air valve controlled by the pneumatic relay. The bleed rate and plunger spring constantly control the rate at which the vacuum is relieved, which in turn determines the dosage time. [0059]FIG. 7 depicts various combinations of the components of the present disclosure. Such embodiments and various other combinations are contemplated by the present disclosure. Such embodiments can be used as mobile aerosol vaccination systems or systems for delivery of agents. [0060] Preferred embodiments are further disclosed in the following descriptions. FIG. 1 depicts an embodiment of an aerosol delivery system 8. The aerosol delivery system 8 includes a body, or housing, 10 and an insulated cooling receptacle 12. The receptacle 12 is connected to the body 10, with contact by the exterior surface 14 of the body 10 to the receptacle 12. The insulated receptacle 12 may be connected to the body 10 with snap fittings, adhesives, or any other detachable connection that is known by one of ordinary skill in the art. The insulated receptacle 12 may consist of any lightweight, durable material including, but not limited to, plastic, metal, composite, or a wood product. [0061] The body 10 comprises a handle body 16 for a user to grip or to hold the aerosol delivery system 8 with one or two hands. A pump handle 18 connects to the body, and functions as a pump as one means for pressurizing the aerosol delivery system 8. The body 10 may be designed into other shapes for gripping or holding the aerosol delivery system 8 with one or two hands. The pump handle 18 also can be designed into other shapes for manually pressurizing the aerosol delivery system 8. [0062]FIG. 2 shows a cutaway interior view of the ultrasonic aerosol delivery system 8 shown in FIG. 1. The insulated receptacle 12 contains thermal packs, also referred to herein as coolant or ice packs, 20 that can connect to the interior walls of the receptacle 12. The ice packs 20 are replaceable in the receptacle and can be reusable or disposable. The design of the ice packs 20 may include various rigid or flexible exterior surfaces for molding the ice packs 20 into a conforming shape to provide an internal chamber for receiving and holding a vial. Further, the ice packs 20 may include an external or internal continuous member that is cylindrical in form or it may include numerous external or internal members oriented to provide a relatively high surface area for the ice pack 20. Located between the ice packs 20 is the vial chamber 22. The vial chamber 22 can be cylindrically-shaped, but may be formed in other shapes in order to fit closely with the shape of a vaccine or drug vial 24. [0063] A vial 24 is located in an inverted position within the receptacle 12, when the receptacle 12 is connected to the body 10. The vial can contain an agent or vaccine to be administered to a patient. The vial 24 is held in place by contact with the interior surface of the ice packs 20. Additionally, the vial 24 is held in place by a vent probe 26 and an agent probe 28. The agent probe 28 is a small cylindrical tube with a pointed end 30 that is used to puncture a rubber cap 32 incorporated or connected to the vial 24. Alternatively, the agent probe 28 can include other shaped tubes, including rectangular or square, that can puncture the rubber cap 32 of the vial 24. [0064] For example, the vial 24 can be used to store a reconstituted measles vaccine. The ice packs 20 can be used to maintain the reconstituted measles vaccine at a constant temperature so that the vaccine is not adversely affected by ambient or external temperature. [0065] The vent probe 26 can be connected to the agent probe 28 where the agent probe 28 enters the insulated receptacle 12. The vent probe 26 typically is longer, but of a similar shape as the agent probe 28. The vent probe 26 can be a hollow cylinder that connects with the hollow portion of the agent probe 28. The vent probe 26 is operable to allow air to be drawn from outside of the vial 24 to replace the volume of an agent or vaccine that is dispensed from the vial 24 via the vaccine probe 28. [0066] The aerosol delivery system 8 includes an ultrasonic nebulizer 36 that contains a plate member or screen with numerous small holes, or orifices, with an approximate opening size of 4 to 10 microns, and more preferably 6 to 8 microns. The nebulizer may comprise a piezoelectric actuator operatively coupled to a power source. The agent probe 28 can be connected to the ultrasonic nebulizer 36 via a section of flexible tubing 38 to carry a quantity of agent from vial 24 to nebulizer 36. In operation, a user depresses a trigger and timer switch 40 connected to the ultrasonic nebulizer 36. In doing so, a signal is sent from the switch 40 to nebulizer drive electronics, or circuit, 42 connected to the ultrasonic nebulizer 36, wherein the signal can be processed. In turn, the nebulizer drive electronics 42 relays a signal to the ultrasonic nebulizer 36 to begin operation. The ultrasonic nebulizer 36 converts an agent drawn from vial 24 via the agent probe 28 into droplets of a very small size (preferably in a range of from 5 to 10 microns). Other types of nebulizers or devices that disperse an agent into a droplets of a very small size also can be used. [0067] The aerosol delivery system 8 also includes an air control valve 44, an air reservoir 46, a mixing chamber 48, and an anti-backflow valve 50. Depression of the switch 40 opens the valve 44 which allows air stored within the air reservoir 46 to be released into the associated mixing chamber 48. The air that is expelled from the air reservoir 46 mixes with the nebulized agent in the mixing chamber 48, and opens the anti-backflow valve 50. The air and agent mixture then is free to flow past valve 50 and through a prong 54 into the naris of the patient. [0068] The prong 54 may be of a rigid or flexible design and constructed from plastic, rubber, or other suitable material. Additionally the prong may be made of paper, with or without coating for low cost, easy disposability (as by burning), and can absorb some nasal secretions to prevent contamination. A prong can be sized in various configurations to fit into a patient's naris or as an oral prong for the mouth. The prong 54 is typically located after the mixing chamber 48 and can be removed from the aerosol delivery system 8 for replacement or disposal. Note that other types of propellants can be used, and that air is an example of a compressed gas that can be used to mix with the nebulized agent for delivery to a patient. [0069] FIGS. 4A-4D depict various views of a prong 54 for use with an aerosol delivery system 8. The prong 54 includes an inlet channel 58, an anti-backflow valve 50, and a prong outlet 60. The anti-backflow valve 50 is located within the prong 54 and prohibits external or ambient air from flowing back into the system 8. Valve 50 includes a plurality of flexible supports, or leaf springs, 64, a valve seat, or body, 66, and conical moving valve member 68 mounted on one set of ends of supports 64. The leaf springs, or supports, 64 function to maintain the anti-backflow valve 68 in a normally open position, which allows an aerosol output stream to flow through the prong 54 and through the valve 50. After the aerosol output stream flow passes through the valve 50 and prong outlet 60, leaf springs 64 may compress and allow the moving valve 68 to seat securely against the valve body 66. The leaf springs 64 return to their starting position once air has ceased to travel into the prong exit 60. Further, the valve body 66 and the moving valve member 68 are sized so that the flow area through the major portion of the length of prong 54 remains larger than the flow area at the prong exit 60. This ensures that the anti-backflow valve 50 does not impede the flow and reduce output from the prong 54. Additionally, the prong 54 can be shaped so that a straight-line path from the prong outlet 60 through the valve 50 does not exist. The prong outlet 60 can be angled to provide a physical barrier to a straight-line flow path through the prong 54, and the design of the anti-backflow valve 50 can provide another such physical barrier. [0070] The pneumatic trigger and timer switch 40 can be equipped with an internal timer that determines the desired time of application. For example, this may be approximately 30 seconds from the start of administration of the agent. When approximately 30 seconds has elapsed, a signal is sent from the pneumatic trigger and timer switch 40 to the nebulizer drive electronics 42. The switch 40 then closes, preventing air from leaving the air reservoir 46. The anti-backflow valve 50 returns to the closed position upon a reverse flow of air into the mixing chamber 44. The dose timing provided by the trigger and timer switch and the drive electronics may provide for variable timing of dose, including separate periods of pre-dose air flow, dose nebulization, and post-dose flushing of the prong. [0071] Once a dose of the drug or vaccine has been administered, the air reservoir 46 is recharged using an air reservoir charging pump 72 operatively connected to pump handle 18. The air reservoir charging pump 72 is located within the housing 10 and connected to the air reservoir 46. Specifically, the air reservoir 46 is recharged by manually and repeatedly applying pressure to a charging pump handle 18 connected to the housing 10 via a pin 74. [0072] Power used to operate the nebulizer 36 can be supplied by a rechargeable battery pack 78. The battery pack is contained within the housing 10 and is electrically connected to the pneumatic trigger and timer switch 40 and an AC power converter 80. The battery pack 78 can be recharged in several ways. First, a hand-crank dynamo 84, located at the bottom portion of the body 10, can be used to recharge battery pack 78. Second, the battery pack 78 may be recharged through the use of an AC power jack 86 in cooperation with an external power supply (not shown) and the AC power converter 80. [0073]FIG. 3 depicts an alternate embodiment, which includes a pneumatic aerosol generator delivery system or device. The embodiment shown in FIG. 3 somewhat resembles the embodiment detailed previously and shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, however, there are some differences. Here the agent contained within the vial 24 can be delivered to and nebulized with a pneumatic nebulizer 90. The pneumatic nebulizer 90 provides functions similar to and substitutes for the ultrasonic nebulizer 36 as described in FIGS. 1 and 2. An external air supply 92 connects to the pneumatic nebulizer 90 to provide an air source. The pneumatic nebulizer 90 is powered by air from the external air supply 92. The nebulized agent can be delivered to a patient after the agent has been mixed with the air from the external air source 92. [0074] Generally, the external air source 92 can be any source of pressurized air that is external to the body 10 of the aerosol delivery system 8 and is further operable to connect to the pneumatic nebulizer 90 or other type of nebulizer. For example, the air source 92, as further described and depicted in FIG. 7, may include a hand or foot pump 96, a portable compressor 98, a stationary compressor 100, or a low pressure air tank 102 that can be recharged using either a hand or foot pump 96, a portable compressor 98, or a stationary compressor 100. [0075]FIG. 6 depicts an orifice plate 106 of a nebulizer (for example, shown and described in FIG. 3 as 90) for an aerosol delivery system. The orifice plate 106 typically has numerous openings, or orifices, 108 of approximately 6 to 8 microns in diameter. Disposed substantially parallel to and spaced a short distance from orifice plate 108 is an actuator plate 110 with a liquid receiving chamber 112 therebetween. Aerosol droplets of the vaccine liquid are formed by a pressure pulse created by the rapid vertical reciprocation motion of an actuator 110 that forces the liquid through a multitude of small openings 108 in a microdrilled orifice plate 106. On each cycle of the actuator 110, during upward movement a series of droplets 116 are ejected from all of the openings simultaneously, then the actuator retracts (pulling in fresh fluid from a supply reservoir, or vial, through tube 38) for the next cycle. When a dose of agent is provided to the nebulizer 90, the nebulizer 90 can form voluminous amounts of small drops 116 of the agent. [0076] FIGS. 5A-5C illustrate a pneumatic nebulizer 90 for use with an embodiment of an aerosol delivery system such as described generally with regard to FIG. 3. FIG. 5A illustrates an end, or top, view of the nebulizer, and FIG. 5B shows a side view of the nebulizer. FIG. 5C shows a cross-sectional view of the nebulizer taken generally along the line 5C-5C in FIG. 5A. The pneumatic nebulizer 90 includes a housing 120 that can be connected to a compressed air supply (shown in FIGS. 3 and 7 as 92). The pneumatic nebulizer 90 can include an inlet orifice 122, an actuator, or accumulator, chamber 124, a valve plate 126, an orifice plate 106, an impact pin 128, a spring 132, a valve plate seating surface 134, a mixture chamber 136, a diaphragm 110, and an aerosol outlet 138. The diaphragm 110 is similar to actuator 110 in FIG. 6 and in cooperation with orifice plate 106 provides a vaccine chamber 112. Air from the compressed air supply 92 is typically introduced to the nebulizer 90 through inlet orifice 122. The inlet orifice 122 leads to an actuator chamber 124 (also referred to as an accumulator volume) where the compressed air can collect within the housing 120. The valve plate 126 is seated upon seating surface 134 above the actuator chamber 124. The impact pin 128 and spring 132 are operatively interposed between the valve plate 126 and the diaphragm 110. The orifice plate 106 is located above the diaphragm 110. The spring 132 is positioned around the impact pin 128 and between the diaphragm 110 and the valve plate 126 so that a force against the valve plate 126 can compress spring 132 and push the diaphragm 110 toward orifice plate 106. An agent can be introduced into chamber 112 between the diaphragm 110 and the orifice plate 106. The mixture chamber 136 is located above the orifice plate 106 and concentrically positioned around the plates 126, 106, pin 128, and spring 132 elements. The mixture chamber 136 leads to the orifice outlet 138 which interfaces with the ambient or external air. [0077] A support sleeve 144 having holes 146 formed therein supports orifice plate 106 and diaphragm 110 at its upper end. A guide plate 150 secured in sleeve 144 and having a central bore guides pin 128 in its vertically reciprocating motion and provides an upper support for the top end of spring 132. [0078] When the compressed air supply 92 supplies air through the inlet orifice 122 to the actuator chamber 124, the compressed air places pressure upon valve plate 126. As the air pressure builds against the valve plate 126, eventually the pressure overcomes the force of the spring 132. At this pressure, the compressed air moves the valve plate 126 away from valve plate seating surface 134 and air passes through holes 146 and enters the mixture chamber 136. Movement of the impact pin 128 with valve plate 126 causes the diaphragm 110 to move in direct relation to the valve plate 126 and the impact pin 128. This movement forces diaphragm 110 toward orifice plate 106 to cause a portion of the agent in chamber 112 to move through the small openings (shown as 108 in FIGS. 5A and 6) within the orifice plate 106 and produces fine droplets 116 of the agent. The droplets of the agent then enter the mixing chamber 136 where the pressurized air carries the droplets toward the aerosol outlet 138. The impact pin 128 travels only a short distance before the air pressure bearing against the valve plate 126 is less than the force generated by the spring 132. As a result, the spring 132 returns the valve plate 126, the impact pin 128 and the diaphragm 110 to their respective original positions. This reciprocation cycle is repeated rapidly to produce numerous droplets of agent for administration to a patient and continues until the compressed air supply 92 is shut off. [0079] FIGS. 8A-8C show an embodiment of a jet nebulizer aerosol delivery system with other portable accessories. Rather than mounting an insulated receptacle 12 on the exterior surface 14 of the system 8 as shown in FIGS. 1-3, a cold box 156 as shown in FIG. 8A can be used to contain a stored amount of the agent to be delivered to patients. The box further contains the nebulizer, agent and dose controls. The cold box 156 is operative to maintain the agent at a constant temperature. The box and the air supply are connected by the use of conventional flexible tubing (not shown). Additionally, the cold box 156 is designed so that it can be attached to a backpack frame 158 as shown in FIG. 8B. To administer a dose, the user presses one of plungers 162, 164 on the top of the cold box 156. The nebulizer chamber is periodically refilled by pressing the other of plungers 162, 164. The jet nebulization system may recycle a large fraction of the fluid during operation. The behavior necessitates a relatively large reservoir of fluid within the nebulizer chamber, with a minimum liquid level for effective operation. [0080]FIG. 8C illustrates a portable air supply 168 for an aerosol delivery system. The air supply 168 includes a pressure gauge 170, one or more air tanks 172, a pressure regulator 174, a fill valve 176, and a carbon filter 178. The pressure gauge 170 connects to the air tanks 172, and displays the air pressure in the tanks 172. Further, the pressure regulator 174 connects to the air tanks 172, and limits the amount of pressure that is to be supplied to a nebulizer. The air tanks 172 can be filled with pressurized air via an associated fill valve 176. As air from the air tanks 172 is dispensed to the nebulizer, air travels from the air tanks 172 through the pressure regulator 174 and an associated carbon filter 178 to the nebulizer. [0081]FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of embodiments of an aerosol delivery system including several alternative components for use in the system. An air supply 92 may include a direct, manually-operated, hand or foot pump 96, a direct, powered air source supplied by a portable compressor 98, a stationary compressor 100, or a rechargeable low-pressure air tank 102. As shown the low pressure air tank may be supplied with pressurized air by either a hand or foot pump 96, portable compressor 98, or stationary compressor 100. Additionally, cold (or thermal) packs 20 may either be reusable or disposable. Furthermore, delivery of the nebulized agent from the nebulizer 32 to a patient can be through a nasal prong 54 or an oral prong 56. Note that a variety of alternative components can comprise the present system. The components shown in FIG. 7 are by way of example, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. [0082]FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate another embodiment of an aerosol delivery system 180. It is somewhat similar to that illustrated and described in relation to FIGS. 1 and 2. It includes a body, or housing, 182 and an insulated cooling receptacle 184. The insulated receptacle 184 may be constructed as previously described in regard to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 and is capable of enclosing a vial 186 into which a vent probe 188 and agent probe 190 extend. [0083] The aerosol delivery system 180 includes an ultrasonic nebulizer 192 that contains a plate member or screen 194 with numerous small holes, or orifices, with appropriate size openings to deliver agent as described. The agent probe 190 is connected to the ultrasonic nebulizer 192 through a tube 196 to carry a quantity of agent from vial 186 to nebulizer 192. [0084] Referring to FIG. 10, the nebulizer 192 includes an orifice plate 194 and an underlying actuator plate. The orifice plate and actuator plate may be similar to those shown and described at 106, 110 in FIG. 6 with a chamber 112 therebetween into which fluid, or agent, may be drawn from vial 186. An ultrasonic element 200 is operable to vibrate the actuator plate to drive droplets of fluid, or agent, from the orifice plate as previously described. [0085] Referring again to FIG. 9A, a battery pack 202, nebulizer electronics 204, and trigger switch 198 are operatively interconnected to each other such that pressing of trigger switch 198 actuates the nebulizer electronics to provide electrical power from the battery pack to drive the ultrasonic drive element 200. [0086] Mounted within body 182 is an electrically operated air pump 206. An air inlet side of pump 206 is connected through a tube 208 to one side of an air filter 210. The opposite side of the filter 212 is open to atmosphere, such that air for supplying the device is drawn through filter 210 to pump 206. Another tube 214 connects the outlet side of air pump 206 to a region adjacent nebulizer 192. Referring to FIG. 10, air from the pump and tube 214 may enter an air plenum 218 surrounding the base end of nebulizer 192. Air under pressure may escape from plenum 218 through a plurality of orifices, or bores, indicated generally at 220. [0087] The air pump also is operatively connected to the trigger switch and battery pack, such that depressing the trigger switch causes the air pump to draw air through filter 210 and discharge it through tube 214 into plenum 218. The pressurized air then escapes through orifices 220. [0088] A nasal prong 224 is removably coupled to body 182 adjacent nebulizer 192. In the illustrated embodiment (best shown in FIG. 10) the nasal prong is formed in two pieces; a curved prong body 226 and a base, or cowl, portion 228. The body and base portions 226, 228 can be manufactured as two molded pieces that snap-fit together, with the base portion having an end that is removably received on a part of body 182. The body portion 226 is upwardly curved to produce a path which inhibits contamination of the nebulizer elements and other reusable portions of the system. [0089] The base portion 228 includes a centrally located converging nozzle section 230, the lower end of which surrounds the orifice plate of the nebulizer. An air passage 232 is provided between nozzle section 230 and the nebulizer. Pressurized air from plenum 218 exiting through bores 220 may travel through air passage 232 and out through nozzle section 230 into prong body portion 226 to be delivered to a patient. [0090] The base portion is designed to direct an air and aerosol stream away from the orifice plate outwardly into the prong body to be delivered to a patient. It also provides what may be termed a gutter 234 around the inner periphery of the base to collect any nasal drippings, condensation, vaccine, or other fluid for disposal with the prong. [0091] Operation of the device illustrated in FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 10 is somewhat similar to that previously described for other embodiments. Explaining briefly, prong 224 is inserted into a patient's orifice and trigger switch 198 is depressed. This starts air pump 206 to provide air through tube 214 to plenum 218 and into the interior of nozzle section 230. Actuation of the trigger switch also initiates operation of ultrasonic nebulizer 192 which draws agent from vial 186, and ejects it in small droplets into the air stream flowing through nozzle section 230. This is carried in an air/aerosol stream outwardly into the prong to be delivered to a patient. [0092] While various embodiments have been described above, these descriptions are given for purposes of illustration and explanation. Variations, changes, modifications and departures from the systems and methods disclosed above may be adopted without departure from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7360536 *Jan 7, 2003Apr 22, 2008Aerogen, Inc.Devices and methods for nebulizing fluids for inhalationUS7461655Aug 23, 2005Dec 9, 2008Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.Portable inhaler with temperature controlUS8105291Jun 5, 2008Jan 31, 2012Ivonne SilvesterDevice for storing and administering active substancesUS8603025 *Mar 24, 2011Dec 10, 2013Nordson CorporationGas-assisted fluid-dispensing deviceUS8950394 *Jan 11, 2011Feb 10, 2015Dance Biopharm Inc.Preservative-free single dose inhaler systemsUS20080000470 *Feb 9, 2007Jan 3, 2008Pari Gmbh Spezialisten Fur Effektive InhalationInhalation therapy device for use in premature babies and infantsUS20100010321 *Jul 9, 2009Jan 14, 2010Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.Medical system which includes a backpack pouchUS20100043792 *Jul 24, 2009Feb 25, 2010Canon Kabushiki KaishaInhaler and method of controlling the sameUS20100282246 *Apr 7, 2008Nov 11, 2010Optinose AsNasal deliveryUS20110146671 *Nov 24, 2007Jun 23, 2011James Zhou LiuPharmaceutical compositions and methods of delivering the sameUS20110168172 *Jan 11, 2011Jul 14, 2011Dance Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Preservative-free single dose inhaler systemsUS20110311418 *Jun 1, 2011Dec 22, 2011Geneasys Pty LtdMicrovial with digital memory for storage of reagent specification dataUS20130006170 *Mar 24, 2011Jan 3, 2013Nordson CorporationGas-assisted fluid-dispensing deviceDE102007026752A1 *Jun 9, 2007Dec 11, 2008Ivonne SilvesterVorrichtung zur Aufbewahrung und Applikation von WirkstoffenEP1977778A1Apr 6, 2007Oct 8, 2008Markos Mefar S.P.A.Electronic nebulizer for washing the nasal cavities of a userEP2258428A1Apr 1, 2005Dec 8, 2010The Government of the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human ServicesAerosol delivery systemsWO2008097645A1 *Feb 8, 2008Aug 14, 2008Aerovectrx CorpAerosol delivery systems and methodsWO2011119811A1 *Mar 24, 2011Sep 29, 2011Nordson CorporationGas-assited fluid dispensing device* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification128/203.12, 128/204.12International ClassificationA61M15/08, A61M11/06, A61M11/00, A61M15/00, A61M16/00, A61M16/06, A61M16/14Cooperative ClassificationA61M11/06, A61M2205/8225, A61M16/14, A61M15/0033, A61M2205/3606, A61M11/005, A61M16/0666, A61M2205/8206, A61M15/0085, A61M2205/07, A61M15/0065, A61M15/08, A61M2205/825, A61M2205/071, A61M16/0057European ClassificationA61M16/06L, A61M16/00M, A61M15/00D, A61M16/14, A61M15/08, A61M11/00F, A61M15/00FLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionDec 5, 2014FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Dec 3, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Feb 23, 2004ASAssignmentOwner name: CREARE INCORPORATED, NEW HAMPSHIREFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BARRY, JAMES J.;ELKOUH, NABIL A.;BAGLEY, MARK C.;REEL/FRAME:014992/0970Effective date: 20030904Owner name: GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AS REPRFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PAPANIA, MARK JAMES;REEL/FRAME:014995/0244Effective date: 20030918RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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SÃO PAULO, BrazilHISTORY will affirm, justifiably, the role Hugo Chávez played in the integration of Latin America, and the significance of his 14-year presidency to the poor people of Venezuela, where he died on Tuesday after a long struggle with cancer.However, before history is allowed to dictate our interpretation of the past, we must first have a clear understanding of Mr. Chávez’s significance, in both the domestic and international political contexts. Only then can the leaders and peoples of South America, arguably the world’s most dynamic continent today, clearly define the tasks ahead of us so that we might consolidate the advances toward international unity achieved in the past decade. Those tasks have gained new importance now that we are without the help of Mr. Chávez’s boundless energy; his deep belief in the potential for the integration of the nations of Latin America; and his commitment to the social transformations needed to ameliorate the misery of his people.Mr. Chávez’s social campaigns, especially in the areas of public health, housing and education, succeeded in improving the standard of living of tens of millions of Venezuelans.One need not agree with everything Mr. Chávez said or did. There is no denying that he was a controversial, often polarizing, figure, one who never fled from debate and for whom no topic was taboo. I must admit I often felt that it would have been more prudent for Mr. Chávez not to have said all that he did. But this was a personal characteristic of his that should not, even from afar, discredit his qualities. One might also disagree with Mr. Chávez’s ideology, and a political style that his critics viewed as autocratic. He did not make easy political choices and he never wavered in his decisions. Continue reading the main story

Bonus From Blue Cross - The Washington Post Bonus From Blue Cross BLUE CROSS-Blue Shield has been singing the blues. In recent years the largest health insurer of federal workers has been plagued by sharply rising costs and declining enrollments. It even worried that it would have to drop out of the federal program entirely. Now, thanks both to larger trends in medical care and to corrective factors within its own system, Blue Cross-Blue Shield is offering -- it isn't final yet -- to return more than $750 million in excess reserves to the federal Treasury and to subscribers within the civil service. Because of its large size, the federal government has always been able to offer its workers a broad range of health plans. But until recently most government workers and, especially, retirees opted for the broad coverage provded by Blue Cross-Blue Shield's high-option plan despite its somewhat higher cost. All that changed a few years ago when soaring medical prices drove premiums sky-high, and the Reagan administration, in a budget-cutting move, ordered its health insurers to cut benefits. Federal workers pay a much higher share of the cost of their medical insurance than most private workers. As premiums in the more generous plans -- notably the Blue Cross-Blue Shield's high option -- shot upward, hundreds of thousands of workers shifted into lower-cost plans. These cheaper plans require workers to bear a larger share of medical expenses themselves so that patients have a greater incentive to economize on medical care. Other cuts in federal compensation, as well as continuing threats of layoffs and demotions, also prompted many workers to economize on health- care expenses. For a time the flight out of high-cost plans only aggravated the insurer's troubles. People who stayed in the comprehensive high-option plan tended to be those, such as retirees and large families, with big expected medical expenses, so average costs in that plan rose. Moreover, since people moving from high-to lower-coverage plans tended to be bigger users of medical services than those already choosing low coverage, average costs rose in the lower-cost plans as well. In the last year, however, high-and low-option Blue Cross plans have experienced substantial savings, especially from fewer and shorter hospital stays. The general slowing of medical price increases has been a major factor in these savings. But the fact that both Blue Cross plans now require patients to pay a larger share of hospital and other costs has certainly helped. Company officials also credit the general trend away from in-hospital surgery and treatment and greater public awareness of health-care costs and options. Government policies setting fixed limits on hospital costs for Medicare patients may also have helped make hospitals and doctors more cost-conscious with respect to all patients. It's dangerous to read a trend from one year's data, but the savings will certainly be welcome to the administration, which can rightly feel that its drive for medical economy is paying off.

Younger U Medical Spa - Oak Ridge, TN | Groupon +18652580376 Younger U Medical Spa is an intimate and relaxing medical spa located in the heart of Oak Ridge, TN. Enhance and maintain the health and beauty of your skin with a professional and safe injection. Located in Oak Ridge, Younger U Medical Spa's expert staff is ready to assist you with your medical spa needs. At this spa, you can find skin care treatments to meet your skin's specific needs. Enhance and maintain the health and beauty of your skin with a professional and safe injection. At Younger U Medical Spa, you can discover the best way to professionally remove unwanted facial or body hair. When you're ready to switch up your normal spa treatments, head on over to Younger U Medical Spa. Groupon has verified that the customer actually visited Younger U Medical Spa.

Best Price on Einfach Gut Schlafen in Cologne + Reviews! Groppersgasse 42, Kalk, Cologne, Germany, 51107 Based on 126 reviews "clean ..comfortable ..very nice helpful people..easy transpo..." About Einfach Gut Schlafen The accommodation includes a terrace with outdoor seating, as well as access to a washing machine. Each room has a seating area with a TV, as well as a stovetop and microwave. Free parking is available at Einfach Gut Schlafen. It is 5 km from Cologne city centre and 45 km from Düsseldorf International Airport. A very special mum/grandmum who's welcoming guests as memebers of her family ... It looks like you stay there and you this special person for a long time ... What a lovely ... Capitalkris from Macedonia Decent stay outside of Koln The hospitality of the house owner. Cleanliness and capacity of the bathroom. Shared kitchen that can be used. Comfy room. The heating was not working during the night (even though I put it on max) and it was too cold in the morning, so I had to woke up at 5am to put on another blanket. More of a B&B setup. Owner very nice and helpful. Works for a low cost overnight stay. Short walk to tram, convenient access into town. A little hard to find amid a residential area. Assigned end unit of what appears to be a converted garage. Must walk thru bathroom to enter room. Towels too small. Asked not to put paper in the toilet... Great hospitality, great bed, very very clean. There is a trolly station 200m from the hotel taking to the center of Koln. Staff, Facilities, Room, Everything! The Owner of the Apartments was the nicest woman we've met, she welcomed us in like we'd been there before. Wonderful experience. We weren't there for long enough. nice quick place to slip Location and hostes I felt I had been welcomed by the owner - and was given every assistance to make the most of my stay. Oli from Netherlands Good night of sleep, a... Easy to reach with the metro. Nice property. Homey feeling. No kitchen/coffee machine as advertised, wi-fi is not available in the room (which is maybe a good thing), the neighbour was shouting in the night Breakfast very good , bed fine :) we were recommended a very good restaurant nearby ...R H.. Really very nice and friendly ambiance clean ..comfortable ..very nice helpful people..easy transport into city centre..supermarket cafes and other shops nearby..restaurants also close by...excellent value for money..would certainly stay ... no saucepan or microwave otherwise everything else A1...

Jon Shain, FJ Ventre and Craicdown concert-TIX AVAILABLE AT THE DOOR Tickets, Sat, Jun 15, 2019 at 7:00 PM | Eventbrite Jon Shain, FJ Ventre and Craicdown concert-TIX AVAILABLE AT THE DOOR Sat, June 15, 2019, 7:00 PM – 10:00 PM EDT Thank you for your donation. See you soon for some great music~! 632 Vickers Rd 632 Vickers Road The music of Jon Shain and FJ Ventre along with a Chapel Hill favorite Craicdown! Jon Shain is the 2019 International Blues Challenge winner in the solo duo category. Shain had the good fortune to learn directly from a number of NC's older blues players, and became a member of Big Boy Henry's backing band. He got his start playing his own music with old area favorite roots rockers Flyin' Mice. Jon was a finalist (along with FJ) in the 2009 International Blues Challenge in Memphis and the 2008 and 2018 winner of the Triangle Blues Society’s Blues Challenge and 2006 winner of NC’s Indy award for Best Folk Act. He has shared stages with the likes of Keb' Mo', John Hiatt, and Jackson Browne. The Chapel Hill, NC based trio Craicdown describes its music as WORLD ACOUSTICANA—acoustic roots music with a high-energy, rock inspired flair. Integrating influences from many parts of the world and various genres with uncommon instrumentation, Craicdown's music creates a distinctive and unique sound but yet is both familiar and appealing.The Chapel Hill, NC based trio Craicdown describes its music as WORLD ACOUSTICANA—acoustic roots music with a high-energy, rock inspired flair. Integrating influences from many parts of the world and various genres with uncommon instrumentation, Craicdown's music creates a distinctive and unique sound but yet is both familiar and appealing. Drawing from both traditional and contemporary sources as well as penning much of their own material, Craicdown's repertoire includes both songs and instrumental pieces ranging in style from Americana to reggae-sounding vocals, from Celtic influenced jigs and reels to the music of Brazil and Argentina. The ensemble’s instrumentation set it apart from other acoustic acts. The band features Rob Sharer on guitar, flute, fiddle and vocals; David DiGiuseppe on accordion and Irish cittern; and Jim Roberts on drums, electronic and hand percussion. Drawing from both traditional and contemporary sources as well as penning much of their own material, Craicdown's repertoire includes both songs and instrumental pieces ranging in style from Americana to reggae-sounding vocals, from Celtic influenced jigs and reels to the music of Brazil and Argentina. The ensemble’s instrumentation set it apart from other acoustic acts. The band features Rob Sharer on guitar,flute, fiddle and vocals; David DiGiuseppe on accordion and Irish cittern; and Jim Roberts on drums, electronic and hand percussion. Jon Shain, FJ Ventre and Craicdown concert-TIX AVAILABLE AT THE DOOR at 632 Vickers Rd 632 Vickers Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27517 Fruit Bats at Motorco Music Hall, Durham, NC Motorco Music Hall Showroom, Durham $18.10 - $36.20 NC State LIVE Presents: Amythyst Kiah Eno River Farmers Market Pavilion, Hillsborough Carolina Waves Chapel Hill Showcase & Open Mic Hosted by Mir.I.am Cat’s Cradle Backroom, Carrboro Thu, Jul 18 10:00 PM JULIA., Megachrome Lake Chamberlain w/ Mediocre at Best

Patent US5704995 - Method for forming a black, adherent coating on a metal substrate - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA black uniform coating with excellent adhesion, bend flexibility, and cosion resistant characteristics can be formed on metals such as aluminum and its alloys, zinc and its alloys, and copper and its alloys such as brass, with the deposition of zinc and antimony compounds through a base solution and...http://www.google.com/patents/US5704995?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5704995 - Method for forming a black, adherent coating on a metal substrateAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5704995 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/682,928Publication dateJan 6, 1998Filing dateJul 16, 1996Priority dateJul 16, 1996Fee statusLapsedAlso published asUS5931993Publication number08682928, 682928, US 5704995 A, US 5704995A, US-A-5704995, US5704995 A, US5704995AInventorsJohnny LaDell BradleyOriginal AssigneeGlobe Motors, A Division Of Labinal Components And Systems, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (22), Referenced by (12), Classifications (21), Legal Events (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod for forming a black, adherent coating on a metal substrateUS 5704995 AAbstract A black uniform coating with excellent adhesion, bend flexibility, and cosion resistant characteristics can be formed on metals such as aluminum and its alloys, zinc and its alloys, and copper and its alloys such as brass, with the deposition of zinc and antimony compounds through a base solution and sealed with a water base sealer. The water based sealer comprises an organic film forming resin, an organic solvent, and emulsifying agents and an alkyd resin. What is claimed is: 1. A method for forming a black coating on a metallic substrate comprising the steps of:a) contacting said substrate with a blackening treatment comprising zinc and antimony; b) drying said substrate c) contacting said substrate with a sealing treatment comprising an organic film forming resin component, an organic solvent, and lacquer; and d) drying said substrate to thereby provide a dry, black coating on said substrate. 2. Method as recited in claim 1 further comprising after said step b), contacting said substrate with a corrosion treatment comprising a solution or dispersion including hexavalent chromium. 3. Method as recited in claim 1 wherein said organic film forming resin component comprises an acrylic polymer. 4. Method as recited in claim 3 wherein said acrylic polymer comprises a styrene/acrylic copolymer. 5. Method as recited in claim 1 wherein said organic solvent comprises a member selected from the group consisting of mono and dialkyl ethers of ethylene glycol and mixtures thereof. 6. Method as recited in claim 5 wherein said sealing treatment further comprises an alkyd resin. 7. Method as recited in claim 5 wherein said sealing treatment further comprises N-methylpyrrolidone. 8. Method as recited in claim 5 wherein said sealing treatment further comprises a compound containing hexavalent chromium. 9. Method as recited in claim 1 wherein said metallic substrate comprises aluminum or aluminum alloy. 10. Method as recited in claim 1 wherein said metallic substrate comprises copper or copper alloy. 11. Method as recited in claim 10 wherein said copper alloy is brass. 12. Method of forming a black coating on a metallic substrate, said method comprising the steps of:a) contacting said metallic substrate with a basic blackening treatment solution or dispersion comprising zinc and antimony; b) forming a sealing treatment by the steps of:i) providing an emulsion including an organic film forming resin component; ii) providing a lacquer; iii) mixing said emulsion i) and lacquer ii) and adding water to said mixture of i) and ii) to form said sealing treatment, c) drying said metallic substrate after said step a); and then d) contacting said metallic substrate with said sealing treatment; and drying said metallic substrate. 13. Method as recited in claim 12 wherein said lacquer further comprises a hexavalent chromium compound. 14. Method as recited in claim 12 wherein said method is devoid of a heating step. 15. Method as recited in claim 14 wherein said organic film forming resin component comprises an acrylic polymer. 16. Method as recited in claim 15 wherein said acrylic polymer comprises a styrene/acrylic copolymer. 17. Method as recited in claim 12 further comprising, prior to said step (a), cleaning said metallic substrate. 18. Method as recited in claim 12 further comprising subsequent to said step (a) and prior to said step (d), an additional step of contacting said metallic substrate with a corrosion inhibiting treatment comprising hexavalent chromium. 19. Method as recited in claim 12 wherein said zinc and antimony are present in said blackening treatment solution or dispersion in elemental, particle form, said zinc being present relative to said antimony in an amount of 2:1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and composition for the formation of a black uniform coating on the surface of various metals, and particularly of various metals such as aluminum and its alloys, zinc and its alloys, and copper and its alloys, such as brass, including materials with surfaces of these alloys produced by plating or other methods. The process has been found to be particularly effective at forming a room temperature two step flexible, uniformly black corrosion resistant coating on the surfaces of the previously mentioned metals. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Methods for the formation of black coatings or films on the surface of various metals are currently available. The methods vary with the particular type of metal, e.g., ferrous metals, stainless steels, copper and its alloys, zinc and its alloys, and aluminum and its alloys. The composition of the treatment solution and the treatment conditions vary from case to case. As reported in the background of U.S. Pat. No. 4,931,317, it has been previously known to provide a method of forming a black coating with an aqueous resin containing solution followed by baking to produce a coating of the desired weight. The aqueous solution contains a hexavalent chromium compound, a reducing agent and a water soluble resin. In the treating of many aluminum or aluminum alloy articles the more common procedure is to first apply a conversion coating such as a chromium based coating and thereafter apply a black paint. The first step creates a corrosion resistant conversion coating. The second step of applying paint is virtually nothing more than a decorative and aesthetic step. Such two step processes require extra equipment and waste disposal procedures. Coatings such as those described in the background of U.S. Pat. No. 4,931,317 also require ovens to bake the coated metal to form the coating thereon. The '317 disclosure itself teaches a method and composition for the formation of a black coating on the surface of various metals by coating and subsequent baking of a treatment solution containing ferrous metal ions, hexavalent chromium, trivalent chromium and a film forming polymer dissolved or dispersed in water. The black nature of the coating is due to the concentration of hexavalent chromium and metal salts (Co, Fe and Ni) in the solution. This disclosure requires that an air knife be used in the process to remove excess coating material from the surface of the substrate as well as the need for ovens in order to cure the coating after it has been applied to the substrate. U.S. Pat. No. 5,470,613 discloses the composition and method of forming a single step no rinse black conversion coating. It has been found that this process can not be applied to surfaces of various substrates other than aluminum and its alloys. Also, it has been found that the so-called process solution is not stable and, in the long run, this solution breaks down and/or separates into a polymer and hexavalent chromium paste. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Throughout this description, except in the operating examples or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numbers specifying quantities of materials or conditions of reaction or use are understood as modified by the word "about". It has been found that a black surface coating can be formed not only on aluminum materials, but also on a variety of other materials by coating the surface with a dry loose powdery layer of zinc and antimony from a blackening treatment (i.e. solution or dispersion) and sealing the coating with a sealing treatment containing water, styrene acrylate copolymer, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and an alkyd resin. More specifically, the preferred sealing treatment comprises the following ingredient percentages (percentages are given on a weight basis): ______________________________________INGREDIENT PERCENTAGE______________________________________Water 79Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether(2-butoxyethanol) 5.7N-methylpyrrolidone 0.5Styrene acrylate copolymer 8Alkyd resin 6Polyethylene glycol based surfactantCarboxylic acid &lt;1Polyethylene wax &lt;1Zinc chromate (Cr+6) &lt;0.5______________________________________ The black coating is formed by using a sodium hydroxide base solution containing zinc and antimony compounds. More specifically, the blackening solution preferably consists of Hubbard-Hall's BLACK MAGIC RT-A3 antimony-zinc dispersion. The ingredients of this product purportedly include: ______________________________________INGREDIENT PERCENTAGE______________________________________Sodium hydroxide 30-40Zinc compounds 10Antimony compounds 5Liquid Carrier Remainder______________________________________ DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the invention, a dry, black, adherent protective coating is formed on the desired metallic substrate. The coating may advantageously be applied to a variety of metals including iron, copper, aluminum, tin, zinc and alloys thereof. The coating has proven especially effective on aluminum, copper and brass substrates. After the requested metal substrate has been precleaned, it is contacted with a blackening solution or dispersion (i.e. treatment) comprising a combination of zinc and antimony particles in a suitable carrier liquid, such as water. Preferably, the zinc and antimony components are present in this elemental powdered form although they could also be present in salt form such as in nitrate form or as carbonates. Additionally, they could be present as oxides. Immersion of the substrate in this blackening treatment is normally conducted under basic conditions. The amount of zinc present relative to antimony may be on the order of about 4-1:1 with zinc preferably present in an amount by weight, relative to antimony of about 2:1. After application of the blackening treatment, the substrate is rinsed and, preferably, subjected to a acid based chromate solution or dispersion to provide enhanced corrosion protection. Any source of hexavalent chromium may be mentioned as exemplary for such treatment. Included are such compounds as chromic acid, potassium dichromate, magnesium dichromate, potassium chromate, sodium chromate, zinc chromate, and aluminum chromate, sodium chromate dihydrate, sodium chromate anhydrous, sodium chromate tetrahydrate, sodium chromate hexahydrate, sodium chromate decahydrate, and ammonium dichromate. Solutions which contain trivalent chromium in addition to hexavalent chromium may also be mentioned. These may be prepared by partially reducing solutions containing hexavalent chromium with suitable reducing agents. For example, the addition of formaldehyde to a chromic acid solution will reduce a portion of the hexavalent chromium present to its trivalent form. After application of the chromate treatment to the metal part, the part may be subjected to cold water and hot water rinses followed by ambient or forced air drying. The thus treated, and, blackened part is then immersed in a specially prepared sealing treatment. The sealing treatment is a two part liquid solution wherein the first part is an emulsion comprising an organic film forming resin component such as an emulsified acrylic, vinyl acetate, styrene or phenolic polymer that forms a coherent, durable film upon drying. Acrylic polymer films are preferred. Such film forming resin components are commercially available under the RHOPHLEX or NEOCRYL trademarks from Rohm and Haas and ICI respectively. Styrene/acrylic copolymers are most preferred. The first part also includes an organic solvent such as the CELLOSOLVE ethylene glycol ethers sold by Union Carbide. These are all well known and commercially available mono or dialkyl ethers of ethylene glycol. Accordingly, such solvents can comprise ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, etc. Additionally, a plasticizer such as N-methylpyrrolidone can also be a constituent of the first part sealing solution. An additional film forming member such as an alkyd resin may also be included. The first part sealing treatment may be supplied in emulsion form with the use of suitable emulsifying agents and water present. As to the emulsifying agents which may be present, these include the polyethylene glycol condensates of the formula H(OCH2 CH2)n OH that may vary in weight from about 200-10,000. Additionally other emulsifiers such as soaps and polyethylene waxes may be mentioned. The first part sealing liquid is mixed with a second part sealing liquid, the latter of which includes lacquers. In the preferred form of the invention, a hexavalent chromium source, such as those referred to above may also be included in the second part. After the first and second parts are mixed, additional water is added. The first and second parts are mixed in a volumetric ratio of first part: second part of from about 1-4:4-1 with preliminary results indicating a preference for mixing of about 3:1 part one: part two. Water is then added to these mixed part one and part two components to result in the sealing treatment into which the desired metal part is immersed. Exemplary first part liquids are listed below. ______________________________________First Part % by weight______________________________________Film Forming Resin Component 1-40%Organic Solvent 1-10%Plasticizer 1-2%Alkyd Resin 1-40%Emulsifying Agents 1-5%Water Remainder______________________________________ The invention will now be further described in conjunction with the following examples, which are to be regarded as being illustrative of the invention and not as a limitation thereof. EXAMPLES a) Preparation--Black treatment solutions were prepared by adding water to the basic antimony--zinc dispersion sold under the trademark BLACK MAGIC RT-A3 available from Hubbard-Hall, Inc, Waterbury, Conn. This product has been described as a clear, slightly viscous liquid having a pH in excess of 12 which comprises about 30-40% NaOH, 10% elemental zinc in blue powder form, 5% antimony black (elemental antimony). This product is soluble in water and has a specific gravity of 1.5 @70� F. The addition of water to the product caused an exotherm. The resulting solution was then allowed to cool. The requisite metal substrate was pre-cleaned and then immersed in the black treatment solution for a period of about 11/2-2 minutes followed by a cold water rinsing of the part for about 2-4 minutes. In certain cases, the part was immersed in a zinc chromate containing bath (as is indicated in the following table) for a period of about 10-20 seconds, to impart increased anti-corrosion properties to the coating. The thus coated part was subjected to a quick cold water then hot water rinse with excess water blown off the part. Next, the part was immersed in a sealing treatment liquid for a period of about 1-2 minutes. The sealing treatment was prepared by mixing commercially available RUST PEL 66ESMP-1 product (available from Hubbard-Hall--see above) and the commercially available SUPER SHIELD product from Hubbard-Hall. Rust Pel 66ESMP-1 product has been described as a milky white liquid having a specific gravity of 1.005 @70� F. It is a water reducible acrylic emulsion containing butyl cellosolve, 1-methyl 2-pyrrolidinone, ammonium hydroxide, a styrene/acrylic polymer, and alkyd resin. The SUPER-SHIELD product is a lacquer based product available from Hubbard-Hall. The lacquer includes minor mounts of hexavalent chromium. The RUST PEL 66ESMP-1product and "Super-Shield" products were first mixed together before water was added to form the sealing treatment in accordance with the invention. The resulting sealing treatment had the following composition (% by volume): ______________________________________RUST PEL 66ESMP-1 product 61%SUPER-SHIELD 19.6Water 19.4______________________________________ After the metal parts were immersed in the sealing treatment for about 1-2 minutes, they were then dried in air for a period of about 5-10 minutes with excess sealing treatment blown off. Dry, black coated substrates were provided as a result and were subjected to the efficacy tests that are described below. b) Comparative Preparation--Procedures similar to those reported in (a) above were used to immerse metal substrates into comparative black treatment and sealing treatment liquids as specified below. c) List of examples and comparative examples prepared. In accordance with (a) and (b) the following examples and comparative examples were prepared. __________________________________________________________________________Metal Substrate Number Blackening Treatment Chromate Sealing Treatment__________________________________________________________________________3801A A1 C-1 BLACK MAGIC RT-A-3 -- RUST PEL 17-14" C-2 " -- RUST PEL 51" C-5 " IRIDITE 5-3 RUST PEL 47-14" C-6 " " RUST PEL 51" C-7 ALUMINA BLACK A 15 -- SATIN SHIELD 10" C-8 " IRIDITE 14-2 SATIN SHIELD 10" C-9 " " RUST PEL 47-14" C-10 " IRIDITE 14-2 RUST PEL 47-14" C-11 " -- RUST PEL 51" C-12 " IRIDITE 14-2 RUST PEL 51Examples" 3 BLACK MAGIC RT-A3 -- GLOBE SEAL prepared as under (a) above!" 4 " IRIDITE 5-3 GLOBE SEAL prepared as under (a) above!Copper 13 " -- GLOBE SEAL prepared as under (a) above!Zinc 14 " -- GLOBE SEAL prepared as under (a) above!Brass 15 " -- GLOBE SEAL prepared as under (a) above!__________________________________________________________________________ ALUMINA BLACK A-15 solution is a dilute aqueous acid solution comprising H2 SeO3,CuSO4. 5H2 O,(NH4)2 MoO4, ZnSO4, NaF and water available from Birchwood Chemicals. IRIDITE 5-3 mixture is a chromic acid mixture available from MacDermid, Waterbury, Conn. IRIDITE 14-2 mixture is a chromic acid mixture available from MacDermid, Waterbury, Conn. The product contains 30-60% chromic acid; 10-30% barium nitrate, and 10-30% sodium silico-fluoride. RUST PEL 47-14 product is an organic petroleum hydrocarbon available from Hubbard-Hall. It comprises about 86% stoddard solvent CAS 8052-41-3; about 11% barium compound CAS 7440-39-3. RUST PEL 51 product is an organic petroleum hydrocarbon available from Hubbard-Hall. It comprises about 80% stoddard solvent CAS 8052-41-3; 10% barium compound CAS 7440-39-3, dipropylene glycol mono methyl ether and propylene glycol methyl ether. SATIN SHIELD 10 emulsion is an aqueous wax/polymer emulsion comprising waxes, styrene/acrylic polymers, amine/fatty acid soap, formaldehyde and water, available from Birchwood Chemicals. GLOBE SEAL is made in accordance with (a) above and is a mixture of RUST PEL 66ESMP-1, product, SUPER-SHIELD and water. d. Efficacy Tests 1. Adherence efficacy and corrosion resistance of the coatings were tested in accordance with Mil-C-5541 and Mil-A-8625 under salt fog and wet tape conditions. Additional tests under 100%-humidity-ambient temperature conditions were also undertaken. Results are shown in Tables 1-3. TABLE 1______________________________________5% Salt Fog 168 hrs. discoloration 336 hrs. discoloration______________________________________C-1 fail fail -- --C-2* fail fail -- --3 pass pass fail fail4 pass pass pass passC-5 fail fail -- --C-6* pass pass fail failC-7** fail fail -- --C-8** fail fail -- --C-9 fail fail -- --C-10 faii fail -- --C-11* fail fail -- --C-12* fail fail -- --13 pass pass pass pass14 pass pass fail fail15 pass pass pass pass______________________________________ TABLE 2______________________________________WET TAPE TEST24 168 336hrs. discoloration hrs. discoloration hrs. discoloration______________________________________3 pass pass pass pass pass pass4 pass pass pass pass pass passC-6* fail fail -- -- -- --C-7** pass pass fail fail -- --C-8** pass pass fail fail -- --13 pass pass pass pass pass pass14 pass pass pass pass pass pass15 pass pass pass pass pass pass______________________________________ TABLE 3______________________________________100% HUMIDITY @ AMBIENT TEMPERATURE168 336 500hrs. discoloration hrs. discoloration hrs. discoloration______________________________________3 pass pass pass pass pass pass4 pass pass pass pass pass passC-6* fail fail -- -- -- --C-7** pass pass fail fail fail failC-8** pass pass pass pass fail fail13 pass pass pass pass pass pass14 pass pass pass pass pass pass15 pass pass pass pass pass pass______________________________________ 2. Bend Tests The coated substrates were subjected to bend tests wherein coating adhesion was assessed after a coated Al substrate (1"�3"�3/16") was bent around a mandrel having a radius as specified in the following Table 4. TABLE 4______________________________________BEND TEST1/2" radius crack 1/4" radius crack 1/8" radius crack______________________________________3 pass pass pass4 pass pass passC-6* fail fail failC-7** fail fail failC-8** pass fail fail13 pass pass pass14 pass ***fail --15 pass pass pass______________________________________ In Tables 1-4 above, *indicates that the sealer used in the blackening process remained oily and was unacceptable since it was not dry to the touch. ** indicates that these samples met the desired dry to the touch requirement and were allowed to participate in testing part Table 1. *** indicates that the sample panel could not be bent to this dimension without having the panel fracture into the substrate 1. e. Discussion of Efficacy Tests The above results indicate that the black coatings produced in accordance with the inventive methods consistently pass the Mil-C-5541 and Mil-A-8625 salt and wet tape tests. Additionally, the 100% humidity-ambient temperature tests were also passed by the coatings made in accordance with the invention. This is surprising since many of the conventional black coatings pass the humidity but not the salt tests. It is to be noted that the steps of contacting the requisite metal parts with treatment solutions may be effected via immersion, rolling, spraying or dipping the metal part into the requisite treatment bath. Additionally, preliminary tests indicate that the best results are obtained when, prior to application of the antimony-zinc blackening treatment, the parts are subjected to a pre-cleaning step or steps in which for example the parts may be vapor degreased for about 1-3 minutes, then immersed in a mildly alkaline liquid cleaner, such as Hubbard-Hall Inc.'s cleaner P-732 for about 2-5 minutes. This pre-cleaning step may then be followed by a cold water rinse for about 1-3 minutes with the part then being immersed in a caustic etch solution for about 5-20 seconds. Preferably, an pursuant to this pre-cleaning function, the part may be immersed in cold water for about 1-3 minutes followed by immersion in a nitric acid treatment to remove oxides. The metal part may then be double cold water rinsed for about 2-6 minutes prior to immersion in the aforementioned blackening treatment. The methods in accordance with the invention provide a black, adherent coating over the requisite metal substrate in contrast to many conventional products in which an oily or slippery film is provided. Moreover, none of the process steps, in accordance with the invention include any heat treatment or baking steps. All of the steps of the invention are preferably carried out at room temperature. Accordingly, the need for excessive heating equipment is eliminated. The coatings in accordance with the invention are very thin on the order of about 0.0001-0.005 ", preferably 0.0005 in thickness. An oil-free dry to the touch surface is provided in accordance with the invention to which sealants and adhesives will readily adhere. 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cleaning, soaking, rinsing, immersion; water displacement with solvent; sealingUS7625439Sep 27, 2006Dec 1, 2009Birchwood Laboratories, Inc.A chemical conversion coating on ferrous substrates produced by immersion inan aqueous bath comprising water, aluminum sulfate at a concentration of about 5-60grams/liter of water, oxalic acid, and sodium meta-nitrobenzenesulfonate; protective coating of aluminum/iron mixed oxide and organic complexUS7964044Oct 28, 2004Jun 21, 2011Birchwood Laboratories, Inc.Ferrous metal magnetite coating processes and reagentsUS8007928Nov 7, 2008Aug 30, 2011Masco CorporationCoated article with black colorClassifications U.S. Classification148/265, 148/269, 148/273International ClassificationC23C22/63, B05D7/14, C08L71/02, C08L67/08, C23C22/60, C09D5/08Cooperative ClassificationC23C22/63, B05D7/14, C08L71/02, C08L67/08, C23C22/60, C09D5/08European ClassificationC08L67/08, C08L71/02, C23C22/60, B05D7/14, C23C22/63, C09D5/08Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionFeb 23, 2010FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20100106Jan 6, 2010LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesJul 13, 2009REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedJul 4, 2005FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jun 7, 2002ASAssignmentOwner name: GLOBE MOTORS, INC., OHIOFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:LABINAL COMPONENTS & SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:012973/0573Effective date: 20000609Owner name: GLOBE MOTORS, INC. 2275 STANLEY AVENUE DAYTON OHIOOwner name: GLOBE MOTORS, INC. 2275 STANLEY AVENUEDAYTON, OHIOFree format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:LABINAL COMPONENTS & SYSTEMS, INC. /AR;REEL/FRAME:012973/0573Jul 3, 2001FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Oct 28, 1996ASAssignmentOwner name: GLOBE MOTORS, OHIOFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BRADLEY, JOHNNY LADELL;REEL/FRAME:008198/0648Effective date: 19960917RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

The Gleaner: A Series of Periodical Essays; book by Nathan Drake | 3 available editions | Alibris Books The gleaner a series of periodical essays. This book, "The gleaner a series of periodical essays," by Nathan Drake, is a replication of a book originally published before 1811. It has been restored by human beings, page by page, so that you may enjoy it in a form as close to the original as possible. Read More The gleaner a series of periodical essays. This book, "The gleaner a series of periodical essays," by Nathan Drake, is a replication of a book originally published before 1811. It has been restored by human beings, page by page, so that you may enjoy it in a form as close to the original as possible. Read Less ISBN-13: 9781241266158 ISBN: 1241266158 Alibris ID: 13550044240 Alibris ID: 12847605889 ISBN-13: 9781117011196 ISBN: 1117011194 Alibris ID: 14245867745 ISBN-13: 9781117011172 ISBN: 1117011178 Alibris ID: 13167376266 Alibris ID: 14629648315 ISBN-13: 9781357830700 ISBN: 135783070X Alibris ID: 13872497172 Alibris ID: 14637239959 1811, Suttaby, Evance & Co. Publisher: Suttaby, Evance & Co. Alibris ID: 9824627535 Fair. No Jacket. 4 volume set. The boards are 1/2 Leather. The text is clean with no markings. The boards are detached on all volumes except for volume 1. The covers show wear with significant loss from spine. A good reading set that needs rebinding. All Editions of The Gleaner: A Series of Periodical Essays; 9781357830700 9781241266158 9781117011172 Memorials of Shakspeare Or, Sketches of His Character and Genius

The room we stayed in was fabulous - and the... - Review of MDC Hotel - TripAdvisor The room we stayed in was fabulous - and the... - Review of MDC Hotel “Our room was spacious and nicely decorated, if a...” “Hotel is the Manager and his staff - Mustafa...” “Only comment is that in August, the room heats up...” “Hotel is 10 minutes from the centre of urgup” “We ate 3 nights at the restaurant and the food...” “Near the town of Urgup and in the middle of...” “The room were well beyond expectations, very...” See the most recent reviews SME82101 MDC was one of the nicest hotels we stayed in during our recent trip to Turkey, but it is also the one that evokes the fondest memories because of the extratordinary service. The manager, Mustafa, had the skill of making us (and everyone else staying in the hotel) feel as though we were the most important guests staying in the hotel. All staff were extremely professional and happy in their work. This is a real compliment to the senior management of the hotel.The room we stayed in was fabulous - and the constant temperature within the cave without the need fror airconditioning was a lovely cotrast to the heat of the dayI wouldnt hesitate to recommend this hotel to others. Thank SME82101 Report Ask SME82101 about MDC Hotel Thank you for taking the time to write up your review of MDC Hotel so soon after your return home. We do appreciate it; all the staff are very happy to know that they have contributed to making your stay in Cappadocia and in our hotel and exceptional one.I look forward to hosting you once agian in our hotelBest RegardsAhmet Küçükyildiz Owner and General Manager Chinese (Traditional) first Chinese (Simplified) first English first French first German first Indonesian first Italian first Japanese first Korean first Portuguese first Russian first Spanish first Turkish first Any radranblr 2 helpful votes “Amazing service, lovely hotel, great trip” We stayed in MDC in May 2012. Capadoccia is an amazing location and the sites to be seen will be imprinted on our minds for ever. MDC made our stay unforgettable with the fabulous service - especially by the Manager Mustafa. From the minute we checked in, Mustafa impressed us with his interest and his energy. He attended to every small detail of our trip personally and was always available for any kind of help. On one occasion we were to make a trip for which the guide did not turn up for some unforeseen reason, and to our amazement, Mustafa drove us there, even though it was his day off. We have never seen such service from a hotel manager, beyond the call of duty. The rooms themselves were amazing, managing to blend the quaint, old-worldly air of living in a cave, with all mod-cons. The food was very good and the service at the restaurants was also excellent, with effort to make items especially to our taste. Thank radranblr Report Ask radranblr about MDC Hotel I was delighted to read your very positive comments about our hotel. We do appreciate the feedback we receive from our guests as it enables us to continue to provide a first-class level of customer service to our guests. I am also very pleased to know that you enjoyed your meals in our gourmet restaurant; I have passed on your compliments to all the team here at MDC Hotel and look forward to welcoming you on your return visit to Cappadocia.Best RegardsAhmet Küçükyildiz Owner and General Manager Level Contributor 3 reviews 3 helpful votes “Beautiful Hotel, Relaxing” Thank Comfort Q Report Ask Comfort Q about MDC Hotel Thank you so much for your glowing comments about MDC Hotel and about the quality of our guest relation management. I have passed on your praise to the staff who are proud to have contributed to making your stay a memorable one.I do hope you will have the opportunity of coming back and staying with us again.Best RegardsAhmet Küçükyildiz Owner and General Manager 23 helpful votes “Great start to a trip” The winding narrow lanes to the hotel don't prepare you for its delights. Each room and suite is configured differently depending on how the original caves were merged into it and the multi levelled rooms are cool and very calming but very still as there is no cross ventilation, you may need a fan at night depending on the season. Bathroom are huge and fully equipped and you should see a couple of rooms before deciding the one you would like to stay in.The staff really make an effort to make you comfortable and Mr Mustafa, the GM, was a great help in organising anything we needed. Prices are reasonable and the food is good, they also have a shuttle going into town on demand which is very useful. All in all a lovely experience. Room Tip: Rooms are at various levels on a hillside so if you have any problems with climbing or knees means y... Thank ShreekantB Report Ask ShreekantB about MDC Hotel Thank you for your kind comments about MDC Hotel and your lovely photos. I was delighted to read that you enjoyed your stay with us and appreciated our privileged location overlooking a beautiful Cappadocian valley. Each of our rooms are unique and we cater for guests with mobility problems by providing ground floor rooms and wheelchair ramps.It would be my pleasure to welcome you once again when you return to Cappadocia.Best RegardsAhmet Küçükyildiz Owner and General Manager 144 helpful votes “my stay at mdc” Thank rakeshMumbai_India Report Ask rakeshMumbai_India about MDC Hotel Thank you for taking the time to write your thoughtful comments about our hotel. I am pleased to know that you enjoyed your stay and would recommend our hotel to other travelers. We would be pleased to welcome you agin on your next visit.Best RegardsAhmet Küçükyildiz Owner and General Manager 11 helpful votes “Excellent Cave Hotel” Thank GuluJ Report Ask GuluJ about MDC Hotel I was very pleased to read your recommendation of MDC Hotel and to know that all aspects of your stay were perfect. We always make our best efforts to give a personalised service to each and every guest and we are always pleased to know these efforts are rewarded by customer satisfaction. I look forward to greeting you on your next visit to Cappadocia.Best RegardsAhmet Küçükyildiz Owner and General Manager We were a group of 8 travellers, we spent 2 nights at MDC hotels on 12th to 14th Sept,Words fail me to describe the extent of comfort we felt during our stay. We have to single out the efforts of Mr Mustafa in making our stay one to remember for the rest of our lives. He was ably supported by his ever smiling helpful staff. what needs to be mentioned here is that the rooms were so unique and comfortable.Mr Jalan specially enjoyed himself considering he has travelled extensively almost across the globe with he's gorgeous wife also a very finicky traveller.I would STRONGLY recommend any one however discerning to experience the hospitality of MDC Cave hotels Capadoccia Turkey.WArm RgdsMicky Makhija Thank MickyMakhija Report Ask MickyMakhija about MDC Hotel I was delighted to read your glowing recommendation about MDC Hotel. All the staff are particularly pleased when they know they have contributed to make our guests' stay a memorable one. It was a real pleasure to have you to stay with us and I hope you have the pleasure of hosting you again on your return visit.Best Regards from myself and all the staff at MDC HotelAhmet Küçükyildiz Owner and General Manager

More From This UserSkip carouselTefsire girişTefsire girişİSLAM TOPLUM VE SİYASETİN İNŞASINDA NELERİ ÖNCELİYOR 2ramazanveislamalgısı.docoryantalizmtashihtefsirtarihicerrahogludmp (islamdictionary)neshin mahiyeti Sign up to vote on this titleUsefulNot usefulWehr English & Arabic Dctionary by Katherine Williamson0.0 (1)EmbedDownloadRead on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.Copyright: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)List price: $0.00Download as PDF or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate contentMore informationShow less RelatedArabic Dictionaryby asif_1986Al-Mawrid a Modern English-Arabic Dictionaryby papa_terakhirThe Oxford English - Arabic Dictionaryby Hanim MohaArabic English Dictionary of Quranic Usage* El Badawiby MohamedHow to Learn Arabic from Englishby Kishan SolankimbaccepmpPractice Makes Perfect Arabic Verb Tensesby Wojciech MykitaArabic English Dictionary the Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabicby MountainofknowledgeArabic to English Dictionary by RMPby Muhammad AyazArabic Grammar - Syntax - Made Easyby Nasrin AktherRead and Speak Arabicby Tewhid-islamAABC Arabic Manual Vol 1by Prof Yusuf MoralesMoroccan Arabicby kalimatayebaVocabulary of the Holy Quranby MubahilaTV Books & Videos OnlineBasic Arabic Grammar for Beginnersby Nasrin AktherArabic Grammar - Level 03 - English Bookby JawedsIslamicLibraryArabic Grammar - Level 04 - English Bookby JawedsIslamicLibraryArabic Grammar - Level 02 - English Bookby JawedsIslamicLibraryArabic Grammar - Level 01 - English Bookby JawedsIslamicLibraryArabic Grammar - Level 05 - English Bookby JawedsIslamicLibraryA Reference Grammar of Modern Standard Arabicby RomeallieSimilar To Wehr English & Arabic DctionarySkip carouselArabic DictionaryAl-Mawrid a Modern English-Arabic DictionaryThe Oxford English - Arabic DictionaryArabic English Dictionary of Quranic Usage* El BadawiHow to Learn Arabic from EnglishPractice Makes Perfect Arabic Verb TensesArabic English Dictionary the Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written ArabicArabic to English Dictionary by RMPArabic Grammar - Syntax - Made EasyRead and Speak ArabicAABC Arabic Manual Vol 1Moroccan ArabicVocabulary of the Holy QuranBasic Arabic Grammar for BeginnersArabic Grammar - Level 03 - English BookArabic Grammar - Level 04 - English BookArabic Grammar - Level 02 - English BookArabic Grammar - Level 01 - English BookArabic Grammar - Level 05 - English BookA Reference Grammar of Modern Standard ArabicArabic_for_Beginnersقادة الفكرjamia arabic grammarWehr English & Arabic Dctionary

Beautiful scenery, lovely b&b - Review of Lumb Beck Farmhouse B & B, Ilkley, England - TripAdvisor Beautiful scenery, lovely b&b - Lumb Beck Farmhouse B & B Search Europe›United Kingdom (UK)›England›Yorkshire›West Yorkshire›Ilkley›Ilkley B&Bs / Inns›Lumb Beck Farmhouse B & B Our online travel partners don't provide prices for this accommodation, but we can search other options in Ilkley Check In mm/dd/yyyy See the most recent reviews cobwebsinthecloset 19 helpful votes “Beautiful scenery, lovely b&b” Lumb Beck is a lovely farmhouse b&b on the Moor above Ilkley and Addingham, we stayed in the original en-suite room with bath and over bath shower. The room was huge with a comfy double bed, and a single bed, antique furniture, tv and dvd - very suitable for both leisure and business traveller looking for a quiet place to stay, approx 10 mins from Ilkley, 15 mins to Skipton and near Leeds and Bradford. The hosts are very accomodating and friendly, the breakfast was absolutely delicious - great choice of fruits and cereal, proper coffee or tea and a fab aga cooked breakfast. Overall a great place to stay. The lane to the house is fairly narrow - but is well signposted. We will be returning to Lumb Beck!!! Thank cobwebsinthecloset Report Ask cobwebsinthecloset about Lumb Beck Farmhouse B & B English first Any CrimsonandClover89 1 review 2 helpful votes “A B&B Beyond Belief” Thank CrimsonandClover89 Report Ask CrimsonandClover89 about Lumb Beck Farmhouse B & B This review is the subjective opinion of a TripAdvisor member and not of TripAdvisor LLC. schoolsie We have just returned from a four day stay at the Lumb Beck Farmhouse B and B in Addingham Moorside, near Ilkley, West Yorkshire. In 2006 it was awarded the Yorkshire Tourist Board's Silver Gilt award.Located about 1.5 miles up a long windy lane, the farmhouse enjoys beautiful views over the Yorkshire countryside. There are only two rooms available, but both are large with one double and one single bed in each room. Our room had large en-suite bathroom with a very efficient over-head shower in the bath. The room itself is decorated in traditional Edwardian style with antique dark wood furniture, two recliner chairs, tv, dvd, and the usual coffee/tea making facilities, as well as iron, ironing board, fridge, board games, electric blankets, water bottles etc etc! I can't imagine you would ever need the last two items as the luxury duvets must be at least 15 tog ( a bit too hot for a menopausal lady in the middle of August!). The host and hostess are genuine Yorkshire people who do absolutely everything to ensure your stay is perfect. The breakfasts are majestic...........the full English of course, complemented by homemade things such as peaches cooked in honey, and gently poached plums, plus fresh strawberries, raspberries, bananas, freshly squeezed orange juice, yogurt, cereals, porridge on request (lovely).......it was very fortunate we were playing golf every day and burning up all those calories!Wendy, the host, obviously enjoys sharing her lovely property with her appreciative guests. We were greeted on arrival by tea and yummy homemade cake in the summerhouse, and left with a beautiful yorkshire parkin cake to take home! The garden is also a delight, with interesting features at every turn. There was also a large plasma screen tv in the lounge available for those guests who cannot leave the outside world behind for a few days.We would definately return here another year. A first rate B and B in a beautiful location! Liked — impeccable friendly service Disliked — the road up to the farmhouse - very narrow Thank schoolsie Report Ask schoolsie about Lumb Beck Farmhouse B & B Hotels you might also like... Travelers also viewed these Ilkley hotels #2 of 9 in Ilkley 349 reviews Address: | Addingham Moorside, Ilkley LS29 9JX, England Location: Amenities: Hotel Style: Ranked #8 of 9 B&Bs / Inns in Ilkley Explore similar hotels The Craiglands Hotel 981 ReviewsShow Prices 2.9 miles Dalesway Hotel 200 ReviewsShow Prices 2.6 miles Innkeeper's Lodge Ilkley 236 ReviewsShow Prices 3.7 miles See all Ilkley hotels Browse nearby

grand pineapple to sandals grand antigua - Saint Philips Forum - TripAdvisor grand pineapple to sandals grand antigua - Saint Philips Forum Aug 04, 2011, 8:24 PM i have heard that if you are at the grand pineapple you can go to sandals grand for the day, any idea how much the cab fare would be to do that?We have stayed at sandals grand and would like to go with friends, so they could see it. Dibdebdob September 10, 2017 11. Re: grand pineapple to sandals grand antigua May 31, 2012, 8:29 AM GPB to Sandals is not a given, don't 100% count on it. We were told $80 round trip but if you go with a resort trip, they do 2, one early, one late, neither very long. If I recall, 8-12 and 12-4 were the options, sounds like a waste. Sandals makes you leave there by 5pm no matter what, so you can't have dinner there. If they are over a % booked, you are not permitted to go there at all. On our holiday back at the end of April, they said that they were 90% booked and we weren't allowed to visit. The best option would be to have Marvin take you there, at least you could spend most of the day and probably save money too. I have contact information for Marvin if you want to contact him and ask him the cost ...PM me. 12. Re: grand pineapple to sandals grand antigua Jun 02, 2012, 12:07 AM Is the trip through Sandals included? The ones from 8-12 and 12-4? If so, I think that is a great option! When we visit other Sandals (not in Antigua), we don't spend the entire day there. We go for a few hours and leave. We look around, swim, maybe eat lunch, have some drinks and go. If the trip through Sandals is included, I'd definitely do that! 13. Re: grand pineapple to sandals grand antigua Jun 02, 2012, 6:48 AM BSB - the option to go to Sandals is a concession offered by Sandals to GPB- no doubt they want you to see ,'what you could have had' You book your trip via GPB rection and have to take your hotel card to Sandals. You get booked in etc. I would etsonally arrange a taxi via Marvin. We got there for about 9.45 so missed the en masse booking in and left at 5 pm. Is it worth it? ......I don't think I'd want my full holiday at the place....far too plastic for me. Did we enjoy it?....yes but we were only there for 8 hours. Edited: 6:48 am, June 02, 2012 14. Re: grand pineapple to sandals grand antigua Removed on: 5:41 pm, June 17, 2013 Re: Grand Pineapple Antigua - Room Numbers 2 replies Grand Pineapple email address Grand pineapple beach resort - standard rooms

peace bedding | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again. Skip to main content eBay Shop by category Enter your search keyword All CategoriesAntiquesArtBabyBooksBusiness & IndustrialCameras & PhotoCell Phones & AccessoriesClothing, Shoes & AccessoriesCoins & Paper MoneyCollectiblesComputers/Tablets & NetworkingConsumer ElectronicsCraftsDolls & BearsDVDs & MovieseBay MotorsEntertainment MemorabiliaGift Cards & CouponsHealth & BeautyHome & GardenJewelry & WatchesMusicMusical Instruments & GearPet SuppliesPottery & GlassReal EstateSpecialty ServicesSporting GoodsSports Mem, Cards & Fan ShopStampsTickets & ExperiencesToys & HobbiesTravelVideo Games & ConsolesEverything Else Advanced or register':' style="margin-right:3px">Hi -User-!'.replace(/-User-/,escape(a)))+"")}catch(b){document.write("")}})();Hi (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsSellHelp & Contact My eBayExpand My eBay Summary Bids/Offers Watch list Wish list All lists Purchase history Selling My Collections Followed searches Messages Notification Related: peace bedding queen teen bedding peace bedding twin girls full bedding peace decor peace pillow peace room decorations peace comforter peace sign bedding results for peace bedding peace bedding: Items in search results Pottery Barn Teen Full Sheet Set Peace Signs New In Package Latitude Peace Paint Reversible Bed in a Bag Bedding Set Full Size 6 Pieces Plus Toy Twin Size Monkey Peace Comforter And Sheet Set Bed In A Bag Peace sign and flower curtains, set of two panels, polyester CIRCO PEACE AND LOVE 7 PIECE COMFORTER SET~FULL SIZE~NIP BED HEAD LOVE, PEACE AND THE PLANET BY TIGI LOT OF 6 PRODUCTS!!! Black Purple Peace Teen Full Double Comforter 7Pc Bed In A Bag GROOVY PEACE SIGN KID FULL QUEEN SIZE BED BEDDING COMFORTER SET FOR GIRL BEDROOM Peaceful Dophins Tissue Box Cover Bath Bed Desk Office Kitchen Car Den Living Rm Peaceful Dolphin Tissue Box Cover Bath Desk Bed Office Bar Nursery Pool House Beautiful Modern Stylish Turquoise Peace Girl Teen 3 PC Comforter Set Full Twin UN Geneva # 15 Peaceful Uses of The Sea Bed FDC Peace Print Fleece Blanket Black Purple Peace Teen Girls Twin Single Comforter 5 Piece Bed In A Bag L@@K PEACE SIGN SNUGGIE NEW Peace World Wall Hanging, Throw, Bed Cover, Table Cloth NEW! Circo PEACE GIRL 2 PC Twin Size Quilt & Sham Set BFF and peace and love bright print homemade pillowcase American Girl Bitty Twin TRUNDLE BED w/ NEW homemade bedding! Peace theme Julie Peace Paint Reversible comforter sheet bed in bag Twin 2 Pillow Cases / Peace Signs & Hearts PINK TIE DYE PEACE SIGN KIDS FULL QUEEN SIZE BED BEDDING COMFORTER SET FOR GIRL Girls Kids Bedding Annie Peace Signs pink purple Leopard Bed bag Comforter Set girls fleece peace throw Peace Sign Tye-Dye Tapestry/Bed Spread 72" x 108" NEW~CIRCO~QUILT~SHAM~TWIN~FULL/QUEEN~COMFORTER~BED~SET~PEACE GIRL COLLECTION DIVATEX KIDS FULL SHEET SET FAR OUT LOVE PEACE SIGN SYMBOLS BUTTERFLIES NEW Pottery Barn Teen Peace Out Flannel Pillow Case Black Circo Peace Girl 3 piece Quilt Set Full/ Queen w shams Hearts flowers polka dots Pottery Barn Teen "Peace Out" Flannel Black Duvet Cover Twin NWOT Pottery Barn Peace Sign Full Duvet and 2 pilllow cases MORGAN KIDS TWIN SHEET SET FAR OUT FLOWER POWER PSYCHEDELIC PEACE SIGN SYMBOLS FROG AND PEACE SIGN Fleece Throw Blanket 50" x 60" New with Tags NEW Girls' Girl Junk Loungewear Poly Peace/Love 50' X 58' Blanket NWT NEW Peace Signs Faux Sherpa Throw- Colorful 60s Flair- Stitched Edge Reverses New Pottery Barn Teen Funky Peace FULL Sheet Set Chic Home Peace Symbol Reversible Comforter Doll Pattern by Elinor Peace BaileyMonique - A French Bed Doll 1989 37" Uncut

Something New and Blue Necklace Gold SALE (4,592) reviews simple everyday pretty™+ This is a Junghwa by Amy Stewart ORIGINAL design and has been registered with the United States Registration Office. DO NOT copy. ..................................................................» SALE!! Was $27, now only $21. Limited quantity available at this price.A crystal blue teardrop pendant and tiny gold open leaf charm are strung on a dainty 14k gold filled chain. So sweet, lovely, and simple. The perfect everyday necklace to wear alone or layer. + This is for ONE necklace only. Earrings are sold separately.// D E T A I L S //• 14k gold filled chain length shown: approx. 16 inches// N O T E //The glass may appear a little greenish on your monitor, but it is actually blue...................................................................Group DISCOUNTS available. Contact me for coupon code.Matching EARRINGS available HERE: http://etsy.me/wNyFzE View the SILVER version HERE: http://etsy.me/mSIAtf This item arrives in my beautiful gift packaging..................................................................// shop policies: http://etsy.me/qRad7l // view more lovelies: junghwa.etsy.com// follow junghwa for updates & sales: facebook.com/junghwabyamystewartinstagram.com/amyjunghwa© 2017 Junghwa by Amy Stewart, LLC. All Rights Reserved.All designs, text, and photographs are copyright protected. Meet the owner of junghwa 16 inches (as shown) Handmade itemOccasion: WeddingMaterials: 14k gold filled chain, gold framed blue glass pendant, gold plated leaf charmMade to orderShips worldwide from United StatesFeedback: 4592 reviewsFavorited by: 476 people Long Brass Triangle Necklace - 30 inch - SALE aquamarine teal

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MDB Tools / Discussion / Help:How to deal with lack of PK information? How to deal with lack of PK information? Creator: Adam Stein Running mdbtools v0.6-0.3.cvs20051109 on a Fedora 8 system. Since mdb-schema doesn't contain primary key information, I have to fake it for now. Wondering if anybody has a better idea that what I'm doing. I have no desire to run anything on Windows, so any ideas would have to work on Linux. The database I'm converting (from Jet4/MS Access to MySQL) contains tables that have no primary key fields. Since the MySQL backend doesn't know how to create relationships yet, I use the Oracle backend and convert a few things from Oracle syntax to MySQL (amazingly enough, the foreign key statements don't have to be modified). This particular database uses '<name>ID' as the primary key field name, so I make the first field I find in a table ending in 'ID' to be a primary key field. When I'm transferring data, I look for a 'Duplicate entry' error when doing an insert. If I find this, I alert the user that this particular table (where the insert failed) needs to be put on the "don't create a primary key for this table" list (which I have as an option to the program). It would be nice if I could do this automatically (which probably can't be done until mdb-schema can give primary key info). Has anybody found a better way of dealing with this? I don't have control of the MS Access database schema, so I can't add a primary key to those database that don't have one.

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Buy on Amazon.com From $3,213.00 Sony showed two things releasing this camera. The first is that there will not be a 75 (?) megapixel camera in the full frame department reserving most likely this pixel count to a medium format camera. The second and most important thing is that, besides the apparently little improvements, this is a mature camera for some basic improvements and it's a good thing that Sony has finally focused to this aspect. Amateurs will not understand why but real users will. Today Sony amateurs are complaining, pro Sony users are joying. The run for the gadget is over, Sony is consolidating on pro indispensable features and will become "no new wow effect gadgets" as Canon and Nikon. I see no evidence of our first statement. I definitely see much more need for other improvements besides the MP and let the rest of the hardware around the sensor catch up. Sony is saving the next sensor update with the followup. Reusing that 42MP is a big cost savings. It's not like they needed to focus on a new sensor as the current one is fantastic. I can see the followup to Pentax's K1 getting the current 42MP sensor especially now that Nikon is out of the Sony sensor business. Sep 21, 201840 Sep 21, 20184 Sep 20, 2018146camera news Sep 20, 2018119 Sep 19, 2018575sample gallery Sep 17, 201859

Trump's Debate Was a Disaster. If Voters Notice. - Bloomberg View Bloomberg Anywhere Remote LoginDownload SoftwareService Center MENU Homepage Markets Stocks Currencies Commodities Rates + Bonds Economics Magazine Benchmark Watchlist Economic Calendar Tech U.S. Global Startups Cybersecurity Digital Media Bloomberg Technology TV Hello World Studio 1.0 Pursuits Cars & Bikes Style & Grooming Spend Watches & Gadgets Food & Drinks Travel Real Estate Art & Design Politics Global Risk Briefing How We’ll Know if Trump Is Making America Great Again Tracking Trump’s Web of Conflicts The Inauguration of Donald J. Trump On the March in Trump’s Capital Opinion View Gadfly Businessweek Subscribe Cover Stories Opening Remarks Etc Features 85th Anniversary Issue Behind The Cover More Science + Energy Graphics Billionaires Game Plan Small Business Personal Finance Live TV Inspire GO The David Rubenstein Show Sponsored Content Bloomberg About The Company Sign In Sign In Subscribe to Businessweek One of these guys can talk policy. Photographer: Gary Coronado/PoolFacebookTwitterEmailPrintShare2016 ElectionsTrump's Debate Was a Disaster. If Voters Notice.Jonathan Bernstein is a Bloomberg View columnist. He taught political science at the University of Texas at San Antonio and DePauw University and wrote A Plain Blog About Politics. Read More.@jbviewFeb 26, 2016 12:08 AM ESTa | AByJonathan BernsteinDonald Trump is better at TV than anyone else who has ever appeared in presidential debates. Much better.He also has no capacity at all to speak coherently on policy. He&apos;s lazy: He&apos;s developed about five minutes, maybe 10, of talking points, and he sticks with them. And as one crazy billionaire on a sitcom said when he ran for president, Trump doesn&apos;t just have skeletons in his closet. He has "skeletons running around eating leftovers from the fridge."Of course, as my Bloomberg View colleague Megan McArdle pointed out during tonight&apos;s debate, plenty of people have written about Trump&apos;s lack of policy knowledge, but it hasn&apos;t been dramatized in front of a large audience yet. Tonight, Marco Rubio and Ted Cruz turned their attacks on him, and fully exposed him as basically a fraud and a buffoon. Whether the media will say that -- in the news pages, not just the opinion pages -- is an open question. It&apos;s also unclear whether Republican voters will care.The biggest moment came on health care, when Trump was repeatedly urged by CNN&apos;s Dana Bash and by Marco Rubio to go beyond "get rid of the lines," which is all Trump has rehearsed on the subject. He couldn&apos;t. Rubio, quick on the uptake after his infamous glitch in the pre-New Hampshire debate, pointed out that Trump was now repeating himself; in fact, he continued, "I just watched you repeat yourself five times five seconds ago" and proceeded to mock Trump&apos;s slogans. It was great theater, and it was also dead-on accurate. That&apos;s what Trump has: A handful of slogans to fill in on each subject, which he repeats as much as necessary. That, and of course talking about how great he is. He did the same thing on Israel later in the debate. He does the same thing on immigration: He has a great line (for those who enjoy that sort of thing) about building a wall and making Mexico pay for it, but he can&apos;t really speak coherently beyond that. Yes, all of that has been true from the start. Maybe Republican voters don&apos;t care; after all, they&apos;ve been trained by their party to oppose the very idea of complex government policy, including conservative policies. But at least tonight it was more obvious than usual that Trump is wildly unprepared for the office he is seeking.Cruz and especially Rubio came prepared to hit Trump hard on personal issues as well, including a civil lawsuit he&apos;s currently been slapped with over "Trump University" and over hiring foreign workers for a Florida project. While these had been reported on before, they were new to the Republican debate stage. As was pressure on Trump to release his tax returns, an issue raised earlier today by Mitt Romney, of all people. Trump&apos;s response was his usual bluster, denial and attack. One of his specialties when confronted with something he&apos;s said, on policy or anything else, is just to flat-out deny it. But if it generates high-profile follow-up stories, none of that plays well.The pattern is clear and predictable: When faced with a poor performance, a tough story, or good news from another candidate, Trump says something crazy to pull the attention back to himself and on his own terms. He&apos;s likely to do it within the next 24-hour news cycle, maybe within the next 24 minutes.To my eyes, Trump&apos;s performance was a disaster, start to finish. But my eyes aren&apos;t important. What will matter is how a third of the Republican electorate reacts to it -- the third who are not yet sold on Trump, but not yet repulsed by him either.This column does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editorial board or Bloomberg LP and its owners.To contact the author of this story: Jonathan Bernstein at jbernstein62@bloomberg.netTo contact the editor responsible for this story: Philip Gray at philipgray@bloomberg.netFacebookTwitterEmailPrintCommentsJonathan Bernstein is a Bloomberg View columnist. He taught political science at the University of Texas at San Antonio and DePauw University and wrote A Plain Blog About Politics. Read more@jbviewMost PopularMichael R. BloombergStop Blaming. Start Governing.Kara AlaimoMelania Trump Needs Some Public-Relations HelpJonathan BernsteinA Republican Fiasco Years in the MakingDanielle DiMartino BoothPension Crisis Too Big for Markets to IgnoreTimothy L. O'BrienTrump's Hotel in the SwampAlbert R. HuntTrump Economy Needs Wings and Prayers to SoarAlbert R. HuntDemocrats Have a Gorsuch ProblemView ContributorsAlbert R. HuntBarry RitholtzMohamed A. El-ErianJonathan BernsteinMegan McArdle©2017 Bloomberg L.P. All Rights ReservedTerms of ServicePrivacy Policy

Patent US20040147236 - Method and system of retransmission - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe present invention relates to gen-eration and transmis-sion of status reports utilizing available HARQ infor-ma-tion. The invention is well suited for a cellu-lar mo-bile radio communications sys-tem, particularly a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, UMTS....http://www.google.com/patents/US20040147236?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20040147236 - Method and system of retransmissionAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20040147236 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/477,414PCT numberPCT/SE2002/000986Publication dateJul 29, 2004Filing dateMay 21, 2002Priority dateMay 22, 2001Also published asDE60237279D1, EP1396119A1, EP1396119B1, US7197317, WO2002096044A1Publication number10477414, 477414, PCT/2002/986, PCT/SE/2/000986, PCT/SE/2/00986, PCT/SE/2002/000986, PCT/SE/2002/00986, PCT/SE2/000986, PCT/SE2/00986, PCT/SE2000986, PCT/SE2002/000986, PCT/SE2002/00986, PCT/SE2002000986, PCT/SE200200986, PCT/SE200986, US 2004/0147236 A1, US 2004/147236 A1, US 20040147236 A1, US 20040147236A1, US 2004147236 A1, US 2004147236A1, US-A1-20040147236, US-A1-2004147236, US2004/0147236A1, US2004/147236A1, US20040147236 A1, US20040147236A1, US2004147236 A1, US2004147236A1InventorsStefan Parkvall, Johan TorsnerOriginal AssigneeStefan Parkvall, Johan TorsnerExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (11), Referenced by (82), Classifications (17), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod and system of retransmission US 20040147236 A1Abstract The present invention relates to gen-eration and transmis-sion of status reports utilizing available HARQ infor-ma-tion. The invention is well suited for a cellu-lar mo-bile radio communications sys-tem, particularly a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, UMTS. Images(7) Claims(33) TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to retransmissions in a communications system, and more especially it relates to a cellular mobile radio system, particularly to a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, UMTS or WCDMA system. BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART [0002] Retransmission of data to or from a mobile station, MS, or user equipment, UE, is previously known. It is also known to use medium access control and radio link control layers of a UMTS protocol structure in acknowledged mode for dedicated channels. [0003] In acknowledged mode, retransmissions are undertaken in case of detected transmission errors not recovered by forward error control. This is also called automatic repeat request, ARQ. With ARQ, retransmissions can be undertaken unless a transmitted message is (positively) acknowledged or if it is negatively acknowledged. Generally there are time limits for the respective positive and negative acknowledgements to be considered. [0004] Within this patent application, a radio network controller, RNC, is understood as a network element including a radio resource controller. Node B is a logical node responsible for radio transmission/reception in one or more cells to/from a User Equipment. A base station, BS, is a physical entity representing Node B. [0005] Medium access control, MAC, and radio link control, RLC, is used within radio communications systems like General Packet Radio Services, GPRS, and UMTS. [0006] U.S. Pat. No. 5,570,367 discloses a wireless communications system arranged to transmit acknowledgement and request for retransmission messages. Data received in a microcell from an end user device is forwarded to a cell site. Data received by the cell site is transmitted to a cellular switch. A base station sends a poll message to the end user device, inquiring for the status of unacknowledged messages previously transmitted from the base station. [0007] Also, a base station transmitter window is defined. A lower end pointer identifies a lowest numbered packet transmitted to and acknowledged by the base station. The upper end pointer identifies the highest numbered packet transmitted by the base station. Consequently, the window represents packets transmitted by the base station and unacknowledged by the end user device. [0008] U.S. Pat. No. 5,222,061 describes a data services retransmission procedure to control unnecessary multiple retransmissions of a data packet by tracking the sequence numbers of transmitted packets. The data packet is retransmitted if it appears in the list prior to the last data packet that is received correctly. Upon retransmission, the sequence numbers of the list are rearranged. A receiver transmits a status control message to a transmitter periodically. The patent recognizes that the receiver may have correctly received a packet, which was included in a status control message. [0009] U.S. Pat. No. 6,118,765 also recognizes an acknowledge scheme of a discriminator using a sliding window. The discriminator passes valid packets for forwarding. [0010] 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP): Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network, Physical Layer Procedures, 3G TS 25.301 v3.6.0, France, September 2000, specifies in chapter 5 Radio Interface Protocol Architecture of a UMTS system. There are three protocol layers: [0011] physical layer, layer 1 or L1, [0012] data link layer, layer 2 or L2, and [0013] network layer, layer 3 or L3. [0014] Layer 2, L2, and layer 3, L3 are divided into Control and User Planes. Layer 2 consists of two sub-layers, RLC and MAC, for the Control Plane and four sub-layers, BMC, PDCP, RLC and MAC, for the User Plane. The acronyms BMC, PDCP, RLC and MAC denote Broadcast/Multicast Control, Packet Data Convergence Protocol, Radio Link Control and Medium Access Control respectively. [0015] [0015]FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified UMTS layers 1 and 2 protocol structure for a Uu Stratum, UuS, or Radio Stratum, between a user equipment UE and a Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network, UTRAN. [0016] Radio Access Bearers, RABs, make available radio resources (and services) to user applications. For each mobile station there may be one or several RABs. Data flows (in the form of segments) from the RABs are passed to respective Radio Link Control, RLC, entities which amongst other tasks buffer the received data segments. There is one RLC entity for each RAB. In the RLC layer, RABs are mapped onto respective logical channels. A Medium Access Control, MAC, entity receives data transmitted in the logical channels and further maps logical channels onto a set of transport channels. In accordance with subsection 5.3.1.2 of the 3GPP technical specification MAC should support service multiplexing e.g. for RLC services to be mapped on the same transport channel. In this case identification of multiplexing is contained in the MAC protocol control information. [0017] Transport channels are finally mapped to a single physical channel which has a total bandwidth allocated to it by the network. In frequency division duplex mode, a physical channel is defined by code, frequency and, in the uplink, relative phase (I/Q). In time division duplex mode a physical channel is defined by code, frequency, and time-slot. The DSCH, e.g., is mapped onto one or several physical channels such that a specified part of the downlink resources is employed. As further described in subsection 5.2.2 of the 3GPP technical specification the L1 layer is responsible for error detection on transport channels and indication to higher layer, FEC encoding/decoding and interleaving/deinterleaving of transport channels. [0018] PDCP provides mapping between Network PDUs (Protocol Data Units) of a network protocol, e.g. the Internet protocol, to an RLC entity. PDCP compresses and decompresses redundant Network PDU control information (header compression and decompression). [0019] For transmissions on point-to-multipoint logical channels, BMC stores at UTRAN-side Broadcast Messages received from an RNC, calculates the required transmission rate and requests for the appropriate channel resources. It receives scheduling information from the RNC, and generates schedule messages. For transmission the messages are mapped on a point-to-multipoint logical channel. At the UE side, BMC evaluates the schedule messages and deliver Broadcast Messages to upper layer in the UE. [0020] 3G TS 25.301 also describes protocol termination, i.e. in which node of the UTRAN the radio interface protocols are terminated, or equivalently, where within UTRAN the respective protocol services are accessible. [0021] 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP): Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network, Physical Layer Procedures, 3G TS 25.322 v3.5.0, France, December 2000, specifies the RLC protocol. The RLC layer provides three services to the higher layers: [0022] transparent data transfer service, [0023] unacknowledged data transfer service, and [0024] acknowledged data transfer service. [0025] In subsection 4.2.1.3 an acknowledged mode entity, AM-entity, is described (see FIG. 4.4 of the 3GPP Technical Specification). In acknowledged mode automatic repeat request, ARQ, is used. The RLC sub-layer provides ARQ functionality closely coupled with the radio transmission technique used. The 3GPP technical specification also reveals various triggers for a status report to be transmitted. The receiver shall always send a status report, if it receives a polling request. There are also three status report triggers, which can be configured [0026] 1. Missing PU(s) Detected, [0027] 2. Timer Initiated Status Report, and [0028] 3. Estimated PDU Counter. [0029] For trigger 1, the receiver shall trigger transmission of a status report to the sender if a payload unit, PU, is detected to be missing. (One PU is included in one RLC PDU.) With trigger 2, a receiver triggers transmission of a status report periodically according to a timer. Finally, trigger 3 relates in short to a timer corresponding to an estimated number of received PUs before the requested PUs are received. The 3GPP Technical Specification specifies a status PDU used to report the status between two RLC AM (‘Acknowledged Mode’) entities. [0030] None of the cited documents above discloses a method and system of eliminating or reducing transmissions of link status reports over a scarce link resource. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0031] Cited prior art references describe retransmissions between a UE and an RNC. According to preferred embodiments of the invention retransmissions are terminated in Node B and UE respectively. [0032] Status reports are transferred between RLC entities in order to, e.g., update the transmitter window. Even if retransmissions are terminated in Node B, there are reasons for keeping RLC functionality in RNC. Accordingly, RNC will poll a UE connected to the RNC for status reports. This polling and subsequent transmission of the requested status report will increase the load on the radio interface. [0033] Consequently, it is an object of this invention to eliminate or reduce transmissions over a scarce resource such as a radio interface. [0034] A further object is to also generate status reports in Node B. [0035] It is also an object to achieve a system compatible with status reports being generated for some triggers in a user equipment and for some triggers in a Node B. [0036] Finally, it is an object to introduce an L2 protocol in Node B, responsible for communication of status reports. [0037] These objects are met by the invention, which is particularly well suited for a high-speed downlink packet access channel of an evolved universal mobile telecommunications system. [0038] Preferred embodiments of the invention, by way of examples, are described with reference to the accompanying drawings below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0039] [0039]FIG. 1 displays a layered protocol structure, according to prior art, in a radio communications system. [0040] [0040]FIG. 2 displays a layered protocol structure, according to the invention, in a radio communication system. [0041] [0041]FIG. 3 shows communication, according to the invention, between a UE and a base station involved in a connection between an RNC and the UE. [0042] [0042]FIG. 4 schematically illustrates MAC and RLC protocol layers, according to the invention, in a multilayer protocol structure. [0043] [0043]FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the status report generation and transmissions, according to the invention. [0044] [0044]FIG. 6 displays a Node B according to the invention. [0045] [0045]FIG. 7 displays a User Equipment according to the invention. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0046] [0046]FIG. 2 show a preferred layered protocol structure, a protocol stack, according to the invention The L2 MAC layer of FIG. 1 has been extended and divided into two sub-layers, a new L2 MAC sub-layer and a new MAC-HSDPA sub-layer. Essentially the new L2 MAC sub-layer corresponds to the prior art L2 MAC sub-layer of FIG. 1. The MAC-HSDPA plus the MAC layer could be regarded as one single MAC layer extended to also include hybrid ARQ functionality. However, for reasons of explanation they are preferably regarded as separate sub-layers. Further, on the network side, considering them as separate protocol sub-layers physically better corresponds to the physical entities where they reside. As illustrated in FIG. 2 on the UTRAN-side (or network side) L2 MAC sub-layer is preferably located in RNC, whereas L2 MAC-HSDPA sub-layer is located in Node B. As the hybrid ARQ protocol combines successively received retransmissions it is a great advantage to have this protocol close to the physical layer and, particularly, in Node B. Among the advantages achieved thereby, e.g., the roundtrip delay is reduced as compared to a location in RNC. Within this patent application the protocol layers, except for L2 MAC and L2 MAC-HSDPA as just explained, correspond to those of FIG. 1. [0047] With reference to FIG. 3, Node B 1 and Node B 2 of a radio communications system are logical nodes responsible for radio transmission/reception in one or more cells to/from the User Equipment UE. BS 1 and BS 2 are physical entities representing Node B 1 and Node B 2 respectively. Node B 1 and Node B 2 terminate the air interface, called Uu interface within UMTS, between UE and respective Node B towards the radio network controller RNC. In UMTS the interface between a Node B and an RNC is called Iub interface. [0048] Preferably, all Nodes B of the radio communications system operate according to the invention for outstanding performance. However, the invention can also be used in systems also including Nodes B not operating according to the invention. [0049] [0049]FIG. 4 describes somewhat more detailed than FIG. 2 the information transfer between the sub-layers of the protocol stack. In an exemplary situation, and with reference to FIG. 3, UE communicates over a radio link associated with BS 1. Packet switched data is transmitted in protocol data units, PDUs, in both directions. Each PDU is transported on a transport channel in at least one transport block, TB, as shown in FIG. 4. Preferably there is one TB for each PDU. As described above, transmission errors on the transport channel are corrected and detected by layer L1. Each transport block, TB, in FIG. 4 can be provided an individual CRC error-detecting checksum prior to transmission on the physical channel. However, preferably a transmission unit, carrying one or more TBs, is provided only one CRC error-detecting checksum. If a transmission unit is detected to be in error on the receiving side, this is reported to the L2 MAC layer. [0050] L2 MAC layer can request retransmission of transmission units received in error. Transmission units, detected to be in error, still carry information that should not be wasted. Preferably hybrid ARQ, utilizing information available from earlier transmission(s) of a transmission unit by proper combining with the latest retransmission, is used prior to an L2 MAC layer request for retransmission. [0051] At the receiving end, error detection is also performed by layer L2 RLC of FIG. 4. If an RLC protocol data unit, PDU, is received in error or the PDU is missing, it will be requested for retransmission at a point in time when a status report is established by the RLC layer. RLC PDUs are transferred to/from the MAC layer SDUs. The MAC SDU possibly includes a header not included in the RLC PDU. As explained in relation to FIG. 2, according to the invention there are preferably two MAC sub-layers, an L2 MAC sub-layer and an L2 MAC-HSDPA sub-layer. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the L2 MAC sub-layer is located in RNC and the L2 MAC-HSDPA sub-layer is located in Node B. As previously described, the RLC PDUs are transferred in transport blocks, TBs, on the physical channel. The L2 MAC-HSDPA layer transfers TBs to the L1 physical layer. In the reverse direction the L2 MAC-HSDPA layer transfers TBs, possibly after combining of multiple transmissions of the respective TBs, indicated to be error-free to the L2 MAC layer. TBs not indicated to be error-free are requested for retransmission. [0052] A network layer PDU or L3 PDU can comprise several RLC PDUs, as illustrated in FIG. 4. RLC PDUs are reassembled into RLC service data units, RLC SDU, prior to delivery to higher layer PDU. The L3 protocol can be, e.g., the Internet Protocol, IP. Upon reception from L3, RLC SDUs are segmented into RLC PDUs. [0053] In an evolved WCDMA system, a high-speed downlink packet access channel, HSDPA channel, is a channel with similarities to a DSCH. However, it is based on a novel transport channel type. In the sequel, this is referred to as a High-Speed Downlink Shared CHannel, HS-DSCH. An HS-DSCH supports many new features not supported by DSCH, but also inherits some of the characteristics of a DSCH. There are several important features of an HS-DSCH. A sample of features is: [0054] High data rates with peak data rates up to tens of Mbit/s. [0055] Data is transmitted to multiple users on a shared channel by means of time-division multiplex, TDM, or code-division multiplex, CDM. [0056] Higher-order modulation. [0057] Modulation adaptive to radio channel conditions. [0058] Fast retransmission with soft combining of retransmitted data at UE, also referred to as Fast Hybrid ARQ or Fast HARQ. [0059] Low air-interface delay, with maximum roundtrip delay down to some ten milliseconds. [0060] It is preferred that the Fast Hybrid ARQ is terminated in Node B. Given L2 RLC located in RNC, the RLC layer should not be responsible of Fast Hybrid ARQ. According to preferred embodiments of the invention, an L2 MAC-HSDPA sub-layer is responsible of Fast Hybrid ARQ. At UTRAN-side the L2 MAC-HSDPA sub-layer is located in Node B. [0061] As an alternative to introducing the MAC-HSDPA sub-layer in Node B, the RLC protocol could reside in Node B. However, for reasons of compatibility RLC is in charge of ciphering and in-order delivery, preferably located in RNC. With RLC sub-layer residing in RNC, reliable packet delivery will be insured between Node B and RNC. [0062] One reason for terminating the Fast Hybrid ARQ in Node B is the reduction of roundtrip delay as compared to terminating it in RNC. Another reason is that Node B is capable of using soft combining of multiply transmitted data packets, whereas RNC generally only receives hard-quantized bits. [0063] L2 RLC sub-layer requires status reports acknowledging packet data units previously transferred from the L2 RLC layer, e.g. to advance the sliding transmitter window of the L2 RLC protocol. When, e.g., a poll timer times out it consequently transfers an inquiry for a status report. This inquiry is destined for the UE, in accordance with prior art. However, such an inquiry would load the scarce resource of the radio interface between Node B and UE. Further, terminating the Fast Hybrid ARQ in Node B, during stable operating conditions this node will be currently informed of the receive status of the UE in accordance with the Fast Hybrid ARQ scheme, possibly with a short delay for the most recent update of UE. [0064] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the Hybrid ARQ protocol entity at UTRAN-side generates status reports to the RNC-RLC. Status reports can be generated either upon request of the RNC-RLC (polling) or as conditionally triggered locally. In case of the latter, the triggers described in prior art and referred to on page 5 apply. Another trigger to be included is the number of PDUs received by Node B from RNC. When a predefined number of PDUs have been received by Node B, a status report is established in the Hybrid ARQ protocol entity, and transmitted to RNC. [0065] Correspondingly, when Node B deals with status report establishment, the status report triggering in the UE can be relieved, in order not to load the scarce communication link resource between Node B and UE. With reference to trigger 1 on page 5, the triggering of UE can be avoided if Node B detects the missing PU in due time for delivery to UE prior to a point in time when it would otherwise have been detected or otherwise initiated establishment and transmission of a status report from UE. Triggers 2 and 3 depend on a preset time interval or number of PDUs. By extending the parameters appropriately, the number of status reports per unit time initiated in UE by these triggers can be reduced to a sufficiently small number, not loading the scarce communication link resource between UE and Node B more than necessary. [0066] [0066]FIGS. 5a and 5 b schematically illustrate the status report generation and transmissions, according to the invention. In FIG. 5a, L2 RLC located in RNC transfers data to UE via Node B, as already described in relation to FIGS. 1-4. Downlink data 3 and requests for status reports 2 are transferred 3, 2 to UE via Node B. UE can also generate status reports when properly triggered locally. Status reports 1 are transmitted from UE to RNC, as described in relation to cited prior art. [0067] In FIG. 5a, the Hybrid ARQ protocol resides in Node B. Downlink data is transmitted 3 over the radio interface between Node B and UE. Depending on whether the data transmission was successful or not, acknowledgements are transmitted 4 to Node B from UE. Status reports are generated in UE if data packets are missing, or detected to be out of sequence and transmitted 1, 4 to Node B. Status reports can also be transmitted 4 from UE upon request from Node B. In the sequel acknowledgements and status reports, and possibly other signaling related to Fast Hybrid ARQ, from UE to Node B are collectively referred to as HARQ signaling 4. Consequently, Node B has a good picture of the UE status as regards data packets transmitted to UE from RNC via Node B. [0068] [0068]FIG. 5b shows a preferred solution according to the invention, where UE status in accordance with transmitted downlink data 3 and HARQ signaling 4 is stored in the HARQ protocol entity, preferably a MAC-HSDPA protocol. [0069] When UE might locally generate status reports according to one or more predefined triggers, the one or more status reports are transferred 4 to Node B. Upon reception in Node B, this Node decides whether or not a received status report concerns also L2 RLC protocol layer. If so, the status report, possibly edited by Node B, is transferred 5 to L2 RLC residing in RNC. If not, Node B will undertake all actions necessary, in accordance with the status report. [0070] An example of a UE-generated status report concerning the L2 RLC protocol of RNC is when UE-HARQ protocol, preferably in the MAC-HSDPA protocol link layer, detects a failure in UE, possibly due to a previously transmitted acknowledgment received in error by Node B. Upon detection of this failure, an RLC PDU will not be transferred from L2 MAC sub-layer to L2 RLC sub-layer of UE, as only presumably correct PDUs are transferred. When L2 RLC sub-layer of UE detects a missing RLC PDU, the sequence number of the missing RLC PDU will be included in a status report, generated by UE, and requested for retransmission from L2 RLC residing in RNC. Swedish patent application No. 0100739-2 assigned to the Applicant, and incorporated herein by reference, describes a method and system of retransmission, reducing or eliminating unnecessary retransmissions. This method and system can also be applied with the present invention, further reducing the load on the radio interface. [0071] When L2 RLC, residing in RNC, sends a request for status report to UE, the request is first received in Node B, in both FIGS. 5a and 5 b. In FIG. 5a, the request for status report is forwarded 2 to UE by default. Consequently, the requests and their responses load the radio interface between Node B and UE. Between Node B and UE, signaling and packet transfer are indicated by double arrows, 1 and 4 for uplink, and 2 and 3 for downlink, due to their logical differences. However, there is only one physical radio spectrum available with a limited channel capacity in each direction. Therefore, when the HARQ protocol entity or Node B is made responsible for status report generation and replies to L2 RLC requests for status reports, as in FIG. 5b, the load on the radio interface can be relieved. Hence, the elimination of arrows 1 and 2 between Node B and UE in FIG. 5b is not absolute. Depending on triggers selected, potential protocol failure etc. some signaling or packet transfer illustrated by the arrows in FIG. 5a may remain. However, the lack of these arrows in FIG. 5b illustrates that a substantial amount of the load can be eliminated according to the invention. In the foregoing, it was explained for various status report triggers, not limiting the invention only to this or other particular examples, how the invention can reduce the load of a scarce communication link resource in downlink, in uplink, or both. [0072] [0072]FIG. 6 displays a Node B according to the invention. As explained in relation to FIG. 5, Node B receives responses from UE providing information on the outcome of data transfers over the radio interface from Node B to UE. By means of this information Node B establishes an image of the UE status. In FIG. 6, the information provided is input to and the status image is established in means 6 of Node B. Preferably means 6 is localized to the entity of the hybrid ARQ protocol, as this protocol processes the UE responses to decide whether data packets should be retransmitted or not. [0073] Further, the hybrid ARQ protocol passes information from RLC destined for UE, requests for retransmissions destined for UE included. According to the invention there is provided means 7 for receiving request for one or more status reports of UE and means 8 for identifying RLC requests for status report destined for the RLC layer of UE. Upon identification of a request for status report, processing means 9 of the protocol entity determines whether there is an established status report available or if there is enough information available for establishment of a status report in means 6, properly reflecting the UE status. If so, the transfer of the RLC request for status report to RLC layer of UE is inhibited and means 10 of Node B transmits to RLC layer of RNC/UTRAN the status report based on data imaging UE status. [0074] Node B also comprises means 11 for receiving status reports destined for RLC of RNC/UTRAN from UE. As explained above such a status report can be established without being initiated by a request from RLC of RNC/UTRAN, e.g., when the hybrid ARQ protocol fails and there is need for retransmission of a PDU from RLC. However, in some cases the corresponding PDU has not been deleted from the UTRAN-side hybrid ARQ protocol entity. Processing means 12 of Node B determines, depending on the various conditions, whether the status report from UE should be forwarded, as a whole or in part, to RLC layer of RNC/UTRAN or if all or some of requested PDUs are already available in the UTRAN-side hybrid ARQ protocol entity with no need to request the PDUs from RLC. [0075] [0075]FIG. 7 displays a User Equipment, UE, according to the invention. The UE comprises protocol means being an entity of at least one of an L2 RLC layer 13, an L2 MAC layer 14 and/or an L2 MAC-HSDPA layer 15. As described in detail above, the L2 MAC-HSDPA can alternatively be considered an extension of an L2 MAC layer. Preferably the L2 MAC-HSDPA layer 15 includes a HARQ protocol. The user equipment also comprises an L1 layer 16. When L2 RLC layer in UE establishes status reports according to prior art, the status reports are destined for the L2 RLC correspondence in UTRAN. Also layer L2 MAC and the extension thereof, or layer L2 MAC-HSDPA, have their UTRAN correspondences. The UTRAN-entity or -entities of these layers residing in Node B are referred to as UTRAN-HARQ protocol entity/entities. Their one or more correspondences in UE are referred to as UE HARQ protocol entity/entities. According to the invention, PDUs of status reports established in L2 RLC layer 13 are passed to the UE HARQ protocol layer 14, 15. [0076] A person skilled in the art readily understands that the receiver and transmitter properties of a BS or a UE are general in nature. The use of concepts such as BS, UE or RNC within this patent application is not intended to limit the invention only to devices associated with these acronyms. It concerns all devices operating correspondingly, or being obvious to adapt thereto by a person skilled in the art, in relation to the invention. As an explicit nonexclusive example the invention relates to mobile stations without a subscriber identity module, SIM, as well as user equipment including one or more SIMs. Further, protocols and layers are referred to in close relation with UMTS terminology. However, this does not exclude applicability of the invention in other systems with other protocols and layers of similar functionality. [0077] The invention is not intended to be limited only to the embodiments described in detail above. Changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention. It covers all modifications within the scope of the following claims. 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H04L1/1812European ClassificationH04L41/06, H04L1/16F5, H04L1/18D, H04L1/18R5Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionNov 13, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL), SWEDENFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PARKVALL, STEFAN;TORSNER, JOHAN;REEL/FRAME:015172/0958;SIGNING DATES FROM 20031031 TO 20031104Sep 27, 2010FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Sep 29, 2014FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

Albemarle IPL - Deals in Albemarle, NC | Groupon IPL in Albemarle, NC Carol Calvert has always been passionate about energy healing, tracing her interest in it back to her work with children and adults with ADHD. As an educator and advocate in that environment, she learned firsthand the power of energy healing and soon after became a licensed Spiritual Health Coach, Reiki master, and eventually a light coach and expert. She founded Lighting Up Charlotte as a way to share her love of light energy therapy with others, offering light coaching and light experience meditation within her healing space. She also extends the healing power of light to animals with equine light therapy, which aims to treat horses' aches and pains caused by saddles, overwork, or walking around like a human when no one's around. Read More 7016 Providence Ln. W

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Unlock the Bible: Keys to Discovering the People & Places by F. F. Bruce | 9781418547240 | Paperback | Barnes & Noble Unlock the Bible: Keys to Discovering the People & Places by F. F. Bruce (Editor), R. K. Harrison (Editor) Overview Build your Bible study library with this essential book on the people and places of the Bible. Unlock the Bible: Keys to Discovering the People& Places includes the best articles on the most important people and places in Scripture. Each article is drawn from Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Under the direction of Ronald F. Youngblood, the world’s leading evangelical scholars updated and revised ... Unlock the Bible: Keys to Discovering the People & Places (eBook) Unlock the Bible: Keys to Discovering the People & Places Pub. Date: 11/9/2011 Build your Bible study library with this essential book on the people and places of the Bible. Unlock the Bible: Keys to Discovering the People& Places includes the best articles on the most important people and places in Scripture. Each article is drawn from Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Under the direction of Ronald F. Youngblood, the world’s leading evangelical scholars updated and revised classic articles drawn from Herbert Lockyer, F. F. Bruce, and R. K. Harrison’s extensive Bible dictionary. ISBN-13: 9781418547240 Pages: 448Product dimensions: 6.00 (w) x 8.90 (h) x 1.40 (d) Ronald F. Youngblood is Professor of Old Testament and Hebrew Emeritus, Bethel Seminary San Diego. Keys to Discovering the People and Places Thomas Nelson Copyright © 2011 Thomas Nelson Publishers, Inc. ISBN: 978-1-4185-4724-0 Chapter One A AARON [EHR un] — brother of Moses and first high priest of the Hebrew nation. Very little is known about Aaron's early life, other than his marriage to Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab (Ex. 6:23). When God called Moses to lead the Hebrew people out of slavery in Egypt, Moses protested that he would not be able to speak convincingly to the pharaoh. So Aaron was designated by God as Moses' official spokesman (Ex. 4:14–16). At Moses' instruction, Aaron also performed miracles as signs for the release of the Hebrews. Aaron's rod turned into a serpent that swallowed the rods of the Egyptian magicians (Ex. 7:8–20). Aaron also caused frogs to cover the land by stretching his rod over the lakes and streams of Egypt (Ex. 8:6). Aaron held an important place of leadership because of his work with his brother, Moses. A central figure in the exodus from Egypt, he also received instructions from God for observing the first Passover (Ex. 12:1). In the wilderness he assisted Moses in keeping order and rendering judgments over the people (Num. 15:33). Both he and Moses were singled out when the people complained about the harsh conditions of these wilderness years (Num. 14:2). When the priesthood was instituted in the wilderness, Moses consecrated Aaron as the first high priest of Israel (Exodus 28–29; Leviticus 8–9). The priesthood was set within the tribe of Levi, from which Aaron was descended. Aaron's sons (Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar) inherited the position of high priest from their father (Num. 3:2–3). Aaron was given special robes to wear, signifying his status within the priesthood (Lev. 8:7–9). At his death the robes were transferred to his oldest living son, Eleazar (Num. 20:25–28). The tabernacle, the main sanctuary of worship, was placed under Aaron's supervision (Numbers 4). He received instructions from God on the functions of the priesthood and the tabernacle (Numbers 18). He alone, serving in the capacity of high priest, went into the Holy of Holies once a year to represent the people on the Day of Atonement. In spite of his responsibility for the spiritual leadership of the nation, Aaron committed a serious sin in the wilderness surrounding Mount Sinai. While Moses was on the mountain praying to God and receiving His commandments, the people demanded that Aaron make one or more gods for them to worship. Aaron made no attempt to stop the people and made a golden calf for them (Ex. 32:1–10). Aaron was saved from God's wrath only because Moses interceded on his behalf (Deut. 9:20). After all their years of leading the people, neither Moses nor Aaron was permitted to enter the promised land. Apparently this was because they did not make it clear that God would provide for the Hebrews' needs when they believed they would die for lack of water in the wilderness (Num. 20:12). Aaron died at Mount Hor, and Moses died later in Moab. Upon arriving at Mount Hor from the wilderness of Kadesh, Aaron was accompanied by Moses and his son Eleazar to the top of the mountain. There he was stripped of his high priestly garments, which were transferred to Eleazar. After Aaron's death, the community mourned for 30 days (Num. 20:22–29). The book of Hebrews contrasts the imperfect priesthood of Aaron with the perfect priesthood of Christ (Heb. 5:2–5; 7:11–12). Christ's priesthood is compared to the order of Melchizedek because it is an eternal office with no beginning and no end. Thus, it replaces the priesthood of Aaron. ABED-NEGO [uh BED knee goe] (servant of Nebo) — the Chaldean name given to Azariah in King Nebuchadnezzar's court when he was chosen as one of the king's servants (Dan. 1:7; 2:49). With Shadrach and Meshach, Abed-Nego was thrown into the fiery furnace for refusing to bow down and worship a golden image. The three men were miraculously protected from the fire (Dan. 3:12–30). Like the three Hebrew men in the fiery furnace, the nation of Israel endured the captivity and were miraculously protected by God. ABEL [A buhl] (breath, vapor) — the name of a person and two places in the Old Testament: 1. The second son of Adam and Eve (Gen. 4:2). His brother Cain, who was a farmer, brought an offering of his produce to the Lord. Abel, a shepherd, brought to the Lord an offering "of the firstlings [the best quality] of his flock." Genesis records: "And the Lord respected Abel and his offering, but he did not respect Cain and his offering" (Gen. 4:4–5). Envious of Abel, Cain killed his brother and was cursed by God for the murder. In the New Testament, Abel is described as a man of faith, who "offered a more excellent sacrifice than Cain" (Heb. 11:4). Cain murdered his brother Abel, writes John, "because his [Cain's] works were evil and his brother's [Abel's] righteous" (1 John 3:12). Jesus spoke of "the blood of righteous Abel" (Matt. 23:35; Luke 11:51) and implied that Abel, the first righteous martyr, anticipated in symbol His own death on Calvary at the hands of evil men. The blood of the new covenant, however, "speaks better things than that of Abel" (Heb. 12:24). The blood of Abel cried out for vengeance; the blood of Christ speaks of salvation. 2. A large stone in the field of Joshua of Beth Shemesh on which the ark of the covenant was set by the Philistines (1 Sam. 6:18). 3. A fortified city in northern Israel, which Joab besieged after the rebellion of Sheba (2 Sam. 20:14–15, 18). This city, called Abel of Beth Maachah, is probably the same place as Abel Beth Maachah. ABIATHAR [a BY uh thar] (father of abundance) — one of two chief priests in the court of David. Abiathar was the son of Ahimelech of the priestly clan of Eli from Shiloh (1 Sam. 22:20). When the residents of the priestly village of Nob were massacred by Saul for helping David, Abiathar was the only one to escape (1 Sam. 22:6–23). When David eventually became king, he appointed Abiathar, along with Zadok, as priests in the royal court (2 Sam. 8:17; 1 Chr. 18:16). When David's son Absalom tried to take his throne by force, David was forced to leave Jerusalem. Zadok and Abiathar carried the ark of the covenant out of the capital city but later returned it at the command of David (2 Sam. 15:29). Both priests remained in Jerusalem to inform David of Absalom's plans (2 Sam. 15:34). After Absalom's death, Abiathar and Zadok carried the message of reconciliation to Amasa and the elders of Judah (2 Sam. 19:11–14). During the struggle over who would succeed as king, Abiathar supported Adonijah. When Solomon emerged as the new ruler, Zadok was appointed priest of the royal court, while Abiathar escaped execution only because of his earlier loyalty to David. He and his family were banished to Anathoth, and his rights and privileges as a Jerusalem priest were taken away (1 Kin. 1:7–25; 2:22–35). Some scholars believe Abiathar may have written portions of 1 and 2 Samuel, especially the sections describing the royal court life under David. ABIGAIL [AB ih gale] (father of joy) — one or two Old Testament women had this delightful name: 1. Wife of Nabal the Carmelite and, after his death, of David (1 Sam. 25:3, 14–42; 2 Sam. 2:2; 1 Chr. 3:1). Abigail's husband, Nabal, was an ill-tempered, drunken man. When David was hiding from the jealous King Saul, he asked Nabal for food for himself and his men. Nabal blatantly refused. Angered, David threatened to plunder Nabal's possessions and kill Nabal himself. Abigail, in her wisdom, gathered enough food for David's men, rode out to meet David, and bowed before him to show her respect. By agreeing with David that Nabal had acted with great disrespect, she stemmed David's anger. To Abigail's credit, she did not leave her godless husband. When Nabal died, apparently from shock at discovering his near brush with death, David married Abigail and she later bore him a son, Chileab. 2. A sister or half-sister of David and mother of Amasa, whom Absalom made captain of the army instead of Joab (2 Sam. 17:25; Abigal, NRSV, REB; 1 Chr. 2:16–17). She may be the same person as No. 1. ABIMELECH [uh BIM eh leck] (my father is king) — the name of five men in the Old Testament: 1. The king of Gerar in the time of Abraham (Gen. 20:1–18; 21:22–34). Fearing for his own safety, Abraham introduced Sarah, his wife, as his sister when he entered Abimelech's territory. Abimelech claimed Sarah for his harem, only to be warned in a dream that he had taken the wife of another man. Then Abimelech returned Sarah to Abraham. The two men made a covenant with each other, and Abraham asked God to reward the king by giving him many children. Many scholars believe that the word Abimelech is not a proper name but a royal title of the Philistine kings, just as pharaoh was a title for Egyptian kings. 2. The king of Gerar in the time of Isaac (Gen. 26:1–31). 3. The ruler of the city of Shechem during the period of the judges (Judg. 8:30–10:1; 2 Sam. 11:21). Abimelech was a son of Gideon by a concubine from Shechem. Abimelech tried to become king, and he did reign over Israel for three years (Judg. 9:22). In order to eliminate all who might challenge his authority, he killed all the other sons of Gideon—his brothers and half-brothers—who were potential successors of his father (Judg. 9:5). Abimelech was killed in a battle at Thebez, a city northeast of Shechem, which he surrounded with his army. When Abimelech ventured too close to the city tower, a woman dropped a millstone on his head, crushing his skull. Abimelech commanded his armorbearer to kill him so it could not be said that he died at the hands of a woman (Judg. 9:50–54; 2 Sam. 11:21). 4. A priest in the time of David (1 Chr. 18:16). 5. A Philistine king whom David met while fleeing from King Saul (Psalm 34, title). Abimelech is apparently the royal title of Achish the king of Gath (1 Sam. 21:10–15). ABRAHAM [AY bruh ham] (father of a multitude); originally Abram (exalted father) — the first great Patriarch of ancient Israel and a primary model of faithfulness for Christianity. The accounts about Abraham are found in Genesis 11:26–25:11, with the biblical writer focusing on four important aspects of his life. The Migration. Abraham's story begins with his migration with the rest of his family from Ur of the Chaldeans in ancient southern Babylonia (Gen. 11:31). He and his family moved north along the trade routes of the ancient world and settled in the flourishing trade center of Haran, several hundred miles to the northwest. While living in Haran, at the age of 75 Abraham received a call from God to go to a strange, unknown land that God would show him. The Lord promised Abraham that He would make him and his descendants a great nation (Gen. 12:1–3). The promise must have seemed unbelievable to Abraham because his wife Sarah (called Sarai in the early part of the story) was childless (Gen. 11:30–31; 17:15). But Abraham obeyed God with no hint of doubt or disbelief. He took his wife and his nephew, Lot, and went to the land that God would show him. Abraham moved south along the trade routes from Haran, through Shechem and Bethel in the land of Canaan. Canaan was a populated area at the time, inhabited by the warlike Canaanites; so Abraham's belief that God would ultimately give this land to him and his descendants was an act of faith. The circumstances seemed quite difficult, but Abraham's faith in God's promises allowed him to trust in the Lord. The Famine and the Separation from Lot. Because of a severe famine in the land of Canaan, Abraham moved to Egypt for a short time (Gen. 12:10–20). During this trip, Abraham introduced Sarah to the Egyptians as his sister rather than as his wife in order to avoid trouble. Pharaoh, the Egyptian ruler, then took Sarah as his wife. It was only because "the Lord plagued Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sarai, Abram's wife" (Gen. 12:17), that Sarah was returned to Abraham. Upon his return from Egypt, Abraham and his nephew, Lot, quarreled over pasturelands and went separate ways (Gen. 13:8–9). Lot settled in the Jordan River valley, while Abraham moved into Canaan. After this split, God reaffirmed His promise to Abraham: "And I will make your descendants as the dust of the earth; so that if a man could number the dust of the earth, then your descendants also could be numbered" (Gen. 13:16). Apparently Abraham headed a strong military force by this time as he is called "Abram the Hebrew" (Gen. 14:13). He succeeded in rescuing his nephew Lot from the kings who had captured him while raiding the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen. 14:14–17). The Promise Reaffirmed. In Genesis 15 the Lord reaffirmed His promise to Abraham. The relationship between God and Abraham should be understood as a covenant relationship—the most solemn form of arrangement between individuals in the ancient world. According to such an arrangement, individuals or groups agreed to abide by certain conditions that governed their relationship to each other. In this case Abraham agreed to go to the land that God would show him (an act of faith on his part), and God agreed to make Abraham a great nation (Gen. 12:1–3). However, in Genesis 15 Abraham became anxious about the promise of a nation being found in his descendants because of his advanced age. The Lord thus reaffirmed the earlier covenant. As we know from recent archaeological discoveries, a common practice of that time among heirless families was to adopt a slave who would inherit the master's goods. Therefore, because Abraham was childless, he proposed to make a slave, Eliezer of Damascus, his heir (Gen. 15:2). But God rejected this action and challenged Abraham's faith: "Then he [God] brought him [Abraham] outside and said, 'Look now toward heaven, and count the stars if you are able to number them.' And He said to him, 'So shall your descendants be' " (Gen. 15:5). Abraham's response is the model of believing faith. "And he [Abraham] believed in the Lord, and He [God] accounted it to him for righteousness" (Gen. 15:6). The rest of chapter 15 consists of a ceremony between Abraham and God that was commonly used in the ancient world to formalize a covenant (Gen. 15:7–21). According to Genesis 16, Sarah, because she had not borne a child, provided Abraham with a handmaiden. This also appears to be a familiar custom of the ancient world. According to this custom, if the wife had not had a child (preferably a male) by a certain time in the marriage, she was obligated to provide a substitute (usually a slavewoman) to bear a child to her husband and thereby ensure the leadership of the clan. Thus, Hagar, the Egyptian maidservant, had a son by Abraham. The boy was named Ishmael. Although Ishmael was not understood to be the child that would carry on the line promised to Abraham, he was given a favorable blessing (Gen. 16:10–13; 17:20). The most substantial account of the covenant between Abraham and God is given in Genesis 17—a covenant that extended the promise of the land and descendants to further generations. This covenant required Abraham and the male members of his household to be circumcised as the sign of the agreement (Gen. 17:10–14). In this chapter Abraham and Sarah receive their new names. (Their old names were Abram and Sarai.) The name of the son whom God promises that Sarah will bear is designated as Isaac (Gen. 17:19–21). The practice of circumcision instituted at this time is not unique to the ancient Hebrews, but its emphasis as a religious requirement is a unique feature of God's covenant people. It became a visible symbol of the covenant between Abraham and his descendants and their redeemer God. After Isaac was born to Sarah (Gen. 21:1–7), Sarah was unhappy with the presence of Hagar and Ishmael. She asked Abraham to cast them out of the family, which he did after the Lord told him they would have His protection. Ishmael does not play an important role in the rest of Abraham's story; he does reenter the picture in Genesis 25:9, accompanying Isaac at Abraham's death. Excerpted from Unlock the Bible Copyright © 2011 by Thomas Nelson Publishers, Inc.. Excerpted by permission of Thomas Nelson. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.

Patent US20050288736 - System and method for providing communications between a physically secure ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA system and method for providing communications between a physically secure programmer and an external device using a cellular network is described. A set of uniquely identifying credentials is securely maintained on a programmer configured to interface with an implantable medical device. A transient...http://www.google.com/patents/US20050288736?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20050288736 - System and method for providing communications between a physically secure programmer and an external device using a cellular networkAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS20050288736 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/859,649Publication dateDec 29, 2005Filing dateJun 3, 2004Priority dateJun 3, 2004Also published asDE602005019573D1, EP1773447A1, EP1773447B1, US7801611, WO2005120637A1Publication number10859649, 859649, US 2005/0288736 A1, US 2005/288736 A1, US 20050288736 A1, US 20050288736A1, US 2005288736 A1, US 2005288736A1, US-A1-20050288736, US-A1-2005288736, US2005/0288736A1, US2005/288736A1, US20050288736 A1, US20050288736A1, US2005288736 A1, US2005288736A1InventorsKenneth Persen, Vineel VallapureddyOriginal AssigneePersen Kenneth H, Vineel VallapureddyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (38), Referenced by (45), Classifications (5), Legal Events (2) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSystem and method for providing communications between a physically secure programmer and an external device using a cellular network FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The invention relates in general to cellular network communications and, specifically, to a system and method for providing communications between a physically secure programmer and an external device using a cellular network. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] In general, implantable medical devices (IMDs) provide in situ therapy delivery, such as cardiac pacing and defibrillation, neural stimulation, and drug dispensing, and physiological data collection. IMDs are controlled and monitored through external programmers, programmer recorder monitors, repeaters, and equivalent devices, hereafter simply “programmers.” Conventionally, programmers exchange parametric and physiological data through inductive telemetry with the IMDs. Although limited to a range of about six inches, inductive telemetry facilitates safe and non-invasive data exchange. Moreover, patient consent and confidentiality are assured through the use of a wand placed in physical contact with the patient's body. [0003] More recently, radio frequency (RF) telemetry has been adopted for IMD-programmer communication with longer ranges and higher bandwidth data exchange. The sweeping scope of recent medical information privacy laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the European Privacy Directive, may affect patient privacy on IMDs with longer transmission ranges, such as provided through RF telemetry, and other unsecured data interfaces providing sensitive information exchange under conditions that could allow eavesdropping, interception or interference. As a result, RF telemetry requires additional safeguards to ensure that each programmer is properly authenticated prior to and during data exchange, such as described in commonly-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/800,806, filed Mar. 15, 2004, pending, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/801,150, filed Mar. 15, 2004, pending, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference. [0004] Until recently, programmers primarily functioned as stand-alone medical devices to store, view and process downloaded physiological data as patient histories and to reprogram IMDs with revised operational settings uploaded as parametric values. Limited data exchange with other programmers and external devices, such as personal computers, was historically provided through data diskettes storing the data in a proprietary format. Lately, though, programmers have increasingly included integrated external communication channels, including low speed serial modem connections and high speed network connections, which can provide interconnectivity to a centralized server respectively over standard telephone lines and wide area networks, such as the Internet. [0005] The ability to interface programmers to IMDs at longer ranges through RF telemetry and to connect programmers to external devices outside the control of the health care practitioner has created the need to ensure the physical security of programmers, in addition to providing transmission security. For instance, a rogue programmer, such as obtained through theft, could be used to maliciously reprogram an IMD using RF telemetry or to surreptitiously download a patient history. Similarly, a rogue programmer could also be used to upload corrupt parametric values or fabricated patient histories onto the centralized server, which could adversely affect those health care practitioners relying on the stored data for consideration in forming therapy decisions. [0006] Disabling the operation of a programmer from unauthorized use provides a highly effective physical security solution. However, safeguarding the physical security of programmers must be balanced against ease of use. Programmers are typically used in a clinical or hospital setting shared by numerous individuals, including physicians, nurses and technical staff, and physical safeguards, such as provided with a key switch, can prove inconvenient and unworkable. Similarly, soft safeguards, such as provided through user passwords, can be easily bypassed or compromised through user carelessness or inadvertence. On the other hand, external safeguards transfer the responsibility for physical security to a third party by requiring pre-authorization from a centralized server using a modem or network connection before enabling the programmer. External safeguards are transparent with negligible impact on ease of use, yet always cannot be assured unless the recipient of an unauthorized programmer chooses to use the modem or network connection to obtain pre-authorization and thereby risk detection. [0007] U.S. Pat. No. 6,648,823, issued Nov. 18, 2003 to Thompson and U.S. Pat. No. 6,442,433, issued Aug. 27, 2002 to Linberg both describe a programmer that is interfaced to a remote expert data center. The programmer provides a high speed communications scheme that includes a wireless Internet connection. The expert data center is Web-based and interacts with the IMDs through the programmer to remotely exchange clinically significant information and to effect real time parametric and operational changes. Thompson describes accessing a patient and device information database, identifying devices or components that are out of specification, and notifying a clinician or the patient of out of specification items. Linberg describes remotely diagnosing, maintaining, upgrading, performance tracking, tuning, and adjusting a programmer from a remote location. However, neither Thompson nor Linberg describe providing remote registration of a programmer over a cellular network coupled with the integrated disablement of a programmer if attempts at credentialing fail. [0008] Therefore, there is a need for an approach to providing cellular network-based communication between a programmer and an external system integrated with distributed safeguards to protect programmer physical security. Preferably, such an approach would be maintained on a central database of registered programmers that must be accessed and confirmed as legitimate before enabling the programmer for operations. Such an approach would further be capable of interfacing to a plurality of external systems for collaborative exchanging of data relative to the IMD and patient care. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0009] The physical security of a programmer is assured by integrating the registration of credentials that uniquely identify the programmer with a security server over a cellular network with a power up sequence. The security credentials are provided to the security server over a high speed cellular connection that is automatically established transparently to the user during programmer power up. The security server compares the credentials to a secure roster of programmer credentials, which can list legitimate programmers or untrusted programmers. If confirmed as legitimate, the security server signals the programmer to enable operational status. Otherwise, if untrusted, the security server signals the programmer to disable operational status, thereby preventing unauthorized usage. [0010] An embodiment provides a system and method for providing communications between a physically secure programmer and an external device using a cellular network. A set of uniquely identifying credentials are securely maintained on a programmer configured to interface with an implantable medical device. A transient connection is automatically established between the programmer and a security server over a cellular network. The credentials is registered with the security server and an operational status is assigned to the programmer following examination of the credentials against a security roster maintained on the security server. The operational status of the programmer is confirmed and a data exchange session is conducted over the cellular network between the programmer and at least one external system subsequent to the confirmation. [0011] Still other embodiments of the invention will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, wherein are described embodiments of the invention by way of illustrating the best mode contemplated for carrying out the invention. As will be realized, the invention is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0012] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing, by way of example, an implantable medical device monitoring physiological parameters of a patient. [0013] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a prior art system for providing communications between a programmer and an external device. [0014] FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a system for providing communications between a physically secure programmer and an external device using a cellular network, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. [0015] FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram showing cellular network communications as performed by the system of FIG. 3. [0016] FIG. 5 is a functional schematic diagram showing, by way of example, a programmer configured to communicate using a cellular network, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. [0017] FIG. 6 is a flow diagram showing a method for providing communications between a physically secure programmer and an external device using a cellular network, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. [0018] FIG. 7 is a flow diagram showing a routine for powering up and registering credentials for use in the method of FIG. 6. [0019] FIG. 8 is a flow diagram showing a routine for registering credentials for use in the routine of FIG. 7. [0020] FIG. 9 is a flow diagram showing a routine for executing a session for use in the method of FIG. 6. [0021] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram showing a routine for powering down for use in the routine of FIG. 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0000] Implantable Medical Device [0022] FIG. 1 is a block diagram 100 showing, by way of example, an implantable medical device (IMD) 103 monitoring physiological parameters of a patient, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. By way of example, an implantable cardiac device, such as an implantable pulse generator or implantable cardioverter defibrillator is described. Although presented with reference to implantable cardiac monitoring and therapy delivery, IMDs 103 also include neural stimulation, drug dispensing, and other implantable, as well as external, monitoring and therapy delivery devices. [0023] The IMD 103 is surgically implanted in the chest or abdomen of a patient and consists generally of a housing 104 and terminal block 105. The IMD 103 is coupled to a set of leads 106 a-b at the terminal block 105. During surgery, the leads 106 a-b are threaded through a vein and placed into the heart 102 with the distal tips of each lead 106 a-b positioned in direct contact with tissue inside the heart 102. [0024] The housing 104 contains a battery 107, control circuitry 108, memory 109, and telemetry circuitry 110. The battery 107 provides a finite power source for the IMD components. The control circuitry 108 samples and processes raw data signals and includes signal filters and amplifiers, memory and a microprocessor-based controller. The memory 109 includes a memory store in which raw physiological signals can be stored for later retrieval and analysis. The telemetry circuitry 110 provides an interface between the IMD 103 and external devices, such as an external programmer, programmer recorder monitor, repeater, and equivalent devices (not shown), hereafter simply “programmer.” The telemetry circuitry 110 enables operating parameters to be non-invasively programmed into the memory 109 through an external device in telemetric communication with the IMD 103. The telemetry circuitry 110 also allows patient history information collected by the IMD 103 and transiently stored in the memory 109 to be sent to the external device for processing and analysis. [0025] The IMD 103 is in direct electrical communication with the heart 102 through electrodes 111 a-b positioned on the distal tips of each lead 106 a-b. By way of example, the set of leads 106 a-b can include a right ventricular electrode 111 a and a right atrial electrode 111 b. The right ventricular electrode 111 a is preferably placed in the right ventricular apex 112 of the heart 102 and the right atrial electrodes 111 b is preferably placed in the right atrial chamber 113 of the heart 102. The electrodes 111 a-b enable the IMD 103 to directly collect raw physiological measures, preferably through millivolt measurements. Other configurations and arrangements of leads and electrodes, including the use of single and multiple leads arrays and single and multiple electrodes, can be used, as would be recognized by one skilled in the art. [0026] In the described embodiment, the IMD 103 can be implemented as part of cardiac pacemakers used for managing bradycardia, implantable cardioverter defibrillators used for treating tachycardia, and other types of implantable cardiovascular monitors and therapeutic devices used for monitoring and treating structural problems of the heart, such as congestive heart failure, as well as rhythm problems. Examples of cardiac pacemakers suitable for use in the described embodiment include the Pulsar Max II, Discovery, and Discovery II pacing systems, sold by Guidant Corporation, St. Paul, Minn. An example of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator suitable for use in the described embodiment includes the Contak Renewal cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator, also sold by Guidant Corporation, St. Paul, Minn. [0027] On a regular basis, the raw physiological signals stored in the memory 109 are retrieved as part of a patient history. In addition, operational settings are retrieved as parametric values. By way of example, a programmer can be used to retrieve the raw physiological signals. However, any form of programmer, repeater, interrogator, recorder, monitor, or transceiver suitable for communicating with IMD 103 could be used. As necessary, revised operational settings can also be stored by the programmer to reprogram the IMD 103. [0028] For short range data exchange, the IMD 103 communicates with the programmer or repeater through inductive telemetry signals exchanged through a wand placed over the location of the IMD 103. Programming or interrogating instructions are sent to the IMD 103 and the stored raw physiological signals are downloaded into the programmer. In a further embodiment, the IMD 103 communicates with an external device capable of long range telemetry, such as a radio frequency (RF) programmer, repeater or other wireless computing device. Other types of data interfaces are possible. Prior to initiating the long range data exchange session, patient/clinician authentication is performed through secure crypto key retrieval and long range telemetry is transacted through secure data exchange, such as described in commonly-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/800,806, filed Mar. 15, 2004, pending, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/801,150, filed Mar. 15, 2004, pending, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference. [0029] In a further embodiment, the IMD 103 includes a telemetry interlock that limits communication between the IMD 103 and an external device. Patient/clinician authentication is secured through release of the telemetry interlock, which can be used in conjunction with secure crypto key retrieval. The telemetry interlock is released when the external device transmits an ENABLE command to the IMD 103 via short range telemetry, such as described in commonly-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/601,763, filed Jun. 23, 2003, pending, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference. [0030] An example of a programmer with inductive telemetry is the Model 2920 Programmer Recorder Monitor, manufactured by Guidant Corporation, Indianapolis, Ind., which includes the capability to store retrieved raw physiological signals on a removable floppy diskette, known as a patient data diskette. The raw physiological signals can later be electronically transferred using a personal computer or similar processing device. The stored raw physiological signals and operational settings can also be retrieved from the IMD 103 and electronically transferred to via cellular network, as further described below beginning with reference to FIG. 3. [0000] Implantable Medical Device [0031] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a prior art system 120 for providing communications between a programmer 122 and an external device. During use, the programmer 122 is initially powered up, completes any self-tests and initializes the programmer 122 for IMD interrogation. A wand 123 is placed over the location of an IMD 121, which sends parametric values and patient history data to the programmer 122 over the telemetric link 124. The programmer 122 can store, view and process the downloaded patient histories, such as by using a display screen 125 or printer 126, and can reprogram the IMD 121 with revised operational settings uploaded. The downloaded data can also be transferred one or more external devices, such as a data center 133. [0032] By way of example, the programmer 122 is operatively interfaced to a data center 133 operated on a server coupled to an external storage device 134. The programmer 122 can interface to the data center 133 through several means. First, data, such as parametric values that include operational settings and patient history data that includes physiological measures, can be stored on a patient data diskette 128 using a diskette drive 127 integral to the programmer 122. The patient data diskette 128 can be manually transferred to the data center 133 and read in, provided the data center 133 supports the format used to store the data on the patient data diskette 128. [0033] Alternatively, the data can be electronically transferred over a low speed serial modem connection 131 or via a high speed network connection 135. The low speed serial modem connection 131 allows the programmer 122 to utilize a standard POTS (Plain Old Telephone System) line 129 to access an Internet Service Provider (ISP) (not shown), which transacts a network data exchange session with the data center 133 on behalf of the programmer 122. The low speed serial modem connection 131 provides the convenience of flexibility, but requires a compatible telephone connection and a dialup telephone account with the ISP. Depending upon the hospital, clinic or similar physical environment, compatible telephone connections can be difficult to obtain, particularly where the telephone system is digital and incompatible with conventional analog modems. As well, setting up and configuring the dialup telephone account on the programmer 122 can be an involved and daunting task for technically-challenged users. Furthermore, the programmer 122 must contend with other users of the telephone system, including conventional telephone 130 and other modem users. [0034] The high speed network connection 135 bypasses the ISP and enables the programmer 122 to directly access the data center 133 over a data network 132, such as the Internet. The high speed network connection 135 provides the convenience of high bandwidth data transfer, but requires a compatible network connection, which must generally be provided by the information technology (IT) infrastructure of the hospital, clinic or similar physical environment. In addition, access to the available network may be subject to security controls pertaining to authorized access and to data transfer from within and into the network, such as due to firewalls or Internet filters. [0000] System Overview [0035] FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a system 140 for providing communications between a physically secure programmer 141 and an external device using a cellular network 144, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. As before, during use, the programmer 141 is initially powered up, completes any self-tests and initializes the programmer 141 for IMD interrogation. However, the power up procedure also transparently registers a credentials 156 uniquely assigned to the programmer 141 with a security server 148 before enabling the programmer 141 for further operation. Thus, following successful registration, a wand 123 is placed over the location of an IMD 121, which sends parametric values and patient history data to the programmer 141 over the telemetric link 124. The programmer 141 can similarly store, view and process the downloaded patient histories, such as by using a display screen 125 or printer 126, and can reprogram the IMD 121 with revised operational settings uploaded. The downloaded data can also be transferred one or more external devices, such as a data center 133. [0036] As part of the atomic power up procedure, the programmer 141 automatically establishes a connection with a security server 145 over a cellular network 144 to register the credentials 156 uniquely identifying the programmer 141. From a user's standpoint, the connection is transparent and does not require a physical connection to a phone or network jack, account set up and configuration or permissions to gain access and work within a controlled security framework. The programmer 141 includes an integral cellular transceiver 142, which allows the programmer 141 to automatically access the cellular network 144 via a high speed cellular connection 143, as further described below with reference to FIG. 5. Upon establishing the high speed cellular connection 143, the programmer 141 sends the credentials 156 to the security server 145 over a network interface for comparison to a roster of programmer credentials 147 securely maintained in a database 146. [0037] The credentials 156 are securely maintained on the programmer 141. In the described embodiment, the credentials 156 can include the serial number assigned to the programmer 141 at the factory, a security certificate, such as an RSA security certificate, an asymmetric crypto key, or any other form of uniquely assignable credential. The roster 147 lists those credentials 156 assigned to legitimate programmers 141 that are enabled for continued operation by the security server 145. In a further embodiment, the roster 147 lists those credentials 156 assigned to untrusted programmers 141 that are disabled for continued operation by the security server 145. An untrusted programmer 141 includes rogue programmers reported lost or missing or which fail repeatedly fail to complete a mandatory security procedure, such as a user logon sequence. Other types of rogue programmers are possible, wherein operational status is denied by the security server 145. [0038] Upon successful registration, the security server 145 assigns an operational status to the credentialing programmer 141, which confirms the continued operational status of the programmer 141. The data retrieved from the programmer 141 can then be electronically exchanged with a plurality of external devices via the cellular network 144. The programmer 141, cellular network 144 and external devices each implement standard network protocol stacks for exchanging structured packetized data. In the described embodiment, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) compliant network protocol stacks are used, such as described in W. R. Stevens, “TCP/IP Illustrated,” Vol. 1, Chs. 1-3, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., Reading, Mass., (1994), the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference, although other types of network protocol stacks could also be used. The cellular network 144 primarily provides point-to-point connectivity by implementing the link and network layers, while the programmer 141 and the external devices provide end-to-end connectivity by also implementing the link and network layers, plus the transport and application layers, if applicable. In the described embodiment, the cellular network 144 can be CDMA, GSM, GPRS, WCDMA compliant, although other types of cellular networks could also be used. [0039] The external devices non-exclusively include a further programmer 148, the security server 145, data server 149, personal computer 152, network printer 153, external antenna 154, and dedicated repeater 155. The further programmer 148 and dedicated repeater 155 also include an integral cellular transceiver, which allows the further programmer 148 and the dedicated repeater 155 to automatically access the cellular network 144 via a high speed cellular connection. Upon successful registration of both the programmer 141 and the further programmer 148, the data can be cooperatively exchanged and analyzed over the cellular network 144 and each programmer can perform equivalent operations on the data, except for reprogramming the IMD 121, which can only be performed by the immediately IMD-interfaceable programmer 141. The programmer 141 can also cause the further programmer 148 to download and store data on other external devices. The dedicated repeater 155 is assigned to single IMD 121 for a particular patient's exclusive use and only, upon successful registration, only allows data upload and reprogramming settings download on an IMD-specific basis. [0040] The data server 149 maintains a set of patient records 148 in a database 150 in which parametric values and patient history data can be stored. Alternatively, the set of patient records 148 could be maintained in the database 146 managed by the security server 145. Similarly, the data can be exchanged with the personal computer 152 and each of the security server 145, data server 149 and personal computer 152, as applicable, can store, view and process the downloaded patient histories and generate reprogramming parameters for the IMD 121. In addition, the data can be evaluated and matched as quantitative pathophysiological measures against one or more medical conditions, such as described in related, commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,336,903, to Bardy, issued Jan. 8, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,368,284, to Bardy, issued Apr. 9, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,398,728, to Bardy, issued Jun. 2, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,411,840, to Bardy, issued Jun. 25, 2002; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,440,066, to Bardy, issued Aug. 27, 2002, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference. In a further embodiment, the data can be supplemented with qualitative measures, such as quality of life measures or other semi-quantitative self-assessments of individual patient physical and emotional well being. Non-commercial, non-proprietary standardized quality of life scoring systems are readily available, such as provided by the Duke Activities Status Indicator. [0041] Finally, the network printer 153 and external antenna 154 perform ancillary functions. The network printer 153 allows the programmer 141 to printout the data on a high quality, high volume printer, whereas the external antenna 154 mitigates cellular signal strength dips that can potentially occur within buildings. In the described embodiment, the external antenna 154 is a Pico cell antenna or distributed antenna array, although other forms of supplemental cellular antennas are possible. [0000] Process Flow [0042] FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram showing cellular network communications 160 as performed by the system 140 of FIG. 3. For clarity, the ancillary operations performed by the programmer 141 and external devices, such as data storage, viewing and processing, are omitted. During power up, each programmer 141 registers credentials 156 (operation 161) with a security server 145. A data exchange session is started with the IMD 121 (operation 162) only after successfully confirming the credentials 156 against the roster of programmer credentials 147 maintained by the security server 145. During the data exchange session, parametric values and patient history data is uploaded from and downloaded to the IMD 121 (operations 163 and 164, respectively), after which the data exchange session can be closed (operation 165). [0000] Programmer Schematic [0043] FIG. 5 is a functional schematic diagram 170 showing, by way of example, a programmer 141 configured to communicate using a cellular network 144, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The programmer 141 contains a power supply 171, control circuitry 172, input/output circuitry 173, telemetry circuitry 174, memory 175, and cellular transceiver 176. The power supply 171 provides a power source for the programmer components. The control circuitry 172 processes downloaded parametric values and patient history data and includes signal filters and amplifiers, memory and a microprocessor-based controller. The control circuitry 172 also registers the credentials 156 with the security server 145 and enables the programmer 141 for continued operation following successful confirmation. The input/output circuitry 173 provides an external interface to the user through input/output devices, such as speaker 177, pointing device 178, keyboard 179, display 180, and diskette drive 181. Other types of input/output devices are possible. The telemetry circuitry 174 provides an interface between the programmer 141 and IMD 121 through a wand 183 and enables operating parameters to be non-invasively programmed into the IMD 103 through telemetric communication. The telemetry circuitry 174 also allows retrieval of patient history information collected and transiently stored by the IMD 121 for processing and analysis. The memory 175 includes a memory store in which downloaded parametric values and patient history data can be stored for later retrieval and analysis by the control circuitry 171 or for transferal to other external devices. Finally, the cellular transceiver 176 enables the programmer 141 to establish a connection over the cellular network 144. In the described embodiment, the cellular transceiver 176 is integrated at the circuit level into the programmer 141. In a further embodiment, the cellular transceiver 176 is provided as a removable PCMCIA-compliant expansion card, such as the Merlin C201 wireless CDMA cellular communications card. [0000] Method Overview [0044] FIG. 6 is a flow diagram showing a method 200 for providing communications between a physically secure programmer 141 and an external device using a cellular network 144, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The method 200 is described as a sequence of process operations or steps, which can be executed, for instance, by the programmer 121, further programmer 148, dedicated repeater 155, or other components. [0045] Initially, the programmer 141 undergoes a power up, during which the credentials 156 are registered (block 201), as further described below with reference to FIG. 7. Power up and credential registration are completed as an atomic procedure and the continued operation of the programmer 141 is disabled (block 202) if the programmer 141 cannot be confirmed as being legitimate. If confirmed and not disabled (block 202), the programmer 141 can proceed to execute a data exchange session (block 203), as further described below with reference to FIG. 9. Further data exchange sessions can also be executed with the same or other external devices (block 204), after which the programmer 141 undergoes a power down (block 205), as further described below with reference to FIG. 10. The method then terminates. [0000] Power Up and Credential Registration [0046] FIG. 7 is a flow diagram showing a routine 210 for powering up and registering credentials for use in the method 200 of FIG. 6. The purpose of this routine is integrate the power up sequence with the registration of credentials 156 to form an atomic procedure. [0047] The boot sequence of the programmer 141 is initiated (block 211) and the cellular transceiver 176 is accessed to detect cellular network access (block 212). If a cellular network 144 is not detected (block 213), the programmer 141 is disabled from further operation (block 219). Otherwise, a high speed cellular connection 143 is initiated (block 214). If the connection fails (block 215), the programmer 141 is disabled from further operation (block 219). Otherwise, if initiated (block 215), the credentials 156 are registered with the security server 145 (block 216), as further described below with reference to FIG. 8. If registration fails (block 217), the programmer 141 is disabled from further operation (block 219). Otherwise, if registered successfully (block 217), the boot sequence completes and the programmer 141 commences operations (block 218). The routine then returns. [0000] Credential Registration [0048] FIG. 8 is a flow diagram showing a function 230 for registering credentials for use in the routine 210 of FIG. 7. The purpose of this function is register credentials 156 received from an unconfirmed programmer 141 prior to enabling or disabling the programmer 141 from further operation. [0049] Following automatic connection via the cellular network 144, the security server 145 requests the credentials 156 from the unconfirmed programmer 141 (block 231), which are received and processed (block 232). Processing can include parsing a security certificate or decrypting an asymmetric crypto key. The credentials corresponding to the unconfirmed programmer 141 are looked up in the roster 147 (block 233) to determine whether the unconfirmed programmer 141 is legitimate or untrusted. In the described embodiment, the roster 147 lists those credentials 156 assigned to legitimate programmers 141 that are enabled for continued operation by the security server 145. In a further embodiment, the roster 147 lists those credentials 156 assigned to untrusted programmers 141 that are disabled for continued operation by the security server 145. If the unconfirmed programmer 141 is legitimate (block 234), the function returns TRUE flag to signal the programmer 141 as confirmed (block 235). If the unconfirmed programmer 141 is untrusted (block 234), an alert is generated (block 236) for the health care provider or patient and the function returns FALSE flag to signal the programmer 141 as unconfirmed (block 237). [0000] Session Execution [0050] FIG. 9 is a flow diagram showing a routine 240 for executing a session for use in the method 200 of FIG. 6. The purpose of this routine is generically transact a data exchange session between the programmer 141 and one or more external devices. [0051] An external device is first selected (block 241) and, if necessary, the programmer logs on to the external device (block 242). A data exchange is transacted with the external device (block 243). The type of data exchange is dependent upon the type of data being exchanged, the nature of the external device vis-à-vis the programmer 141, the operations performed on the data, and whether the data exchange is one-way, two-way or bi-directional, such as further described above with reference to FIG. 3. In particular, if the programmer 141 is interfacing to a further programmer 148 (block 244), an interface is opened to the IMD 121, such as through inductive telemetry (block 245) and a data exchange is transacted with the IMD 121 (block 246), which can include indirectly interfacing by the further programmer 148 with the IMD 121 through the programmer 141. When the further programmer interfacing is complete (block 247), the interface to the IMD 121 is closed (block 248). Similarly, when the external device interfacing in complete (block 249), if applicable, the programmer 141 logs off the external system (block 250). The routine then returns. [0000] Power Down [0052] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram showing a routine 260 for powering down for use in the routine 200 of FIG. 6. The purpose of this routine is cleanly power down the programmer 141 while ensuring orderly deregistration with the security server 145. [0053] The power down sequence of the programmer 141 is initiated (block 261). A high speed cellular connection 143 is initiated if necessary and the credentials 156 are deregistered with the security server 145 (block 262). The cellular connection 143 is then closed (block 263) and the power down sequence completes (block 264), after which the routine returns. [0054] While the invention has been particularly shown and described as referenced to the embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will understand that the foregoing and other changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. 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2010Jun 17, 2010Medtronic, Inc.Remote Scheduling for Management of an Implantable Medical DeviceUS20110098788 *Jan 7, 2011Apr 28, 2011Sylvia QuilesSecure remote access for an implantable medical deviceUS20110118809 *Jun 10, 2009May 19, 2011Lorenzo RossiApparatus for the controlled prescription and administration of transcranial direct current stimulation treatments in humans* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification607/60, 607/32International ClassificationA61N1/372Cooperative ClassificationA61N1/37282European ClassificationA61N1/372D8RLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionAug 5, 2004ASAssignmentOwner name: CARDIAC PACEMAKERS, INC., MINNESOTAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PERSEN, KENNETH H.;VALLAPUREDDY, VINEEL;REEL/FRAME:015649/0992;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040714 TO 20040715Owner name: CARDIAC PACEMAKERS, INC., MINNESOTAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PERSEN, KENNETH H.;VALLAPUREDDY, VINEEL;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040714 TO 20040715;REEL/FRAME:015649/0992Feb 19, 2014FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

Who's ready to go stop WBC in Connecticut? : anonymousjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | television-aww-funny-sports-AskReddit-Fitness-gadgets-videos-science-Art-explainlikeimfive-InternetIsBeautiful-WritingPrompts-Showerthoughts-EarthPorn-nottheonion-askscience-gifs-history-dataisbeautiful-Documentaries-Music-DIY-food-todayilearned-Futurology-gaming-LifeProTips-GetMotivated-movies-books-philosophy-creepy-photoshopbattles-nosleep-OldSchoolCool-IAmA-mildlyinteresting-news-Jokes-worldnews-personalfinance-space-TwoXChromosomes-pics-UpliftingNews-listentothis-tifumore » anonymouscommentsrelatedwant to join? login or register in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/anonymoususe the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 16 Dec 201258 points (75% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkSubmit a new text postanonymoussubscribeunsubscribe26,060 readers~7 users here nowConfused as to what Anonymous is? See our handy FAQ! a community for 6 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSgregghmooncupirc.anonnet.org : mooncupasderferjerkelTuxedageDAE Like Anonymous?FVAnonMotherfuckery.org : NYC AnonSethdoodMotherfuckery.org : NYC AnonRamonaLittleRTF FAQ ->Richard_Glassno brakes on the bantrainNinjaNetizenMN Anon : OTF Army - K9 Brigade575859Who's ready to go stop WBC in Connecticut? (i.imgur.com)submitted 1 year ago by [deleted]28 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...sorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandomyou are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the comments →there doesn't seem to be anything hereaboutblogaboutteamsource codeadvertisejobshelpwikiFAQreddiquetterulescontact ustoolsmobilefirefox extensionchrome extensionbuttonswidget<3reddit goldstoreredditgiftsreddit.tvradio redditUse of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement {Genitive} and Privacy Policy {Genitive}. © 2014 reddit inc. All rights reserved.REDDIT and the ALIEN Logo are registered trademarks of reddit inc.close this windowyou'll need to login or register to do thatcreate a new accountall it takes is a username and passwordprivacy philosophy username:try anotheravailable!account recovery email: (optional)we only send email at your requestpassword:verify password:remember mecreate accountis it really that easy? only one way to find out...loginalready have an account and just want to login?username:password:remember merecover passwordloginclose this windowinterface languageEnglish [en]العربية [ar]Беларуская мова [be]български език [bg]Bosanski [bs]català [ca]česky [cs]dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo]español [es]español [es-ar]eesti keel [et]Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]français [fr]Gàidhlig [gd]עברית [he]मानक हिन्दी [hi]hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id]íslenska [is] (*)italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la]1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt]latviešu valoda [lv]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl]српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 24960 on app-61 at 2014-08-27 17:34:05.929287+00:00 running 9237526 country code: US.

The charge storage elements of current flash EEPROM arrays are most commonly electrically conductive floating gates, typically formed from doped polysilicon material. Another type of memory cell useful in flash EEPROM systems utilizes a non-conductive dielectric material in place of a conductive floating gate to store charge in a non-volatile manner. Such a cell is described in an article by Chan et al., “A True Single-Transistor Oxide-Nitride-Oxide EEPROM Device,” IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. EDL-8, No. 3, March 1987, pp. 93-95. A triple layer dielectric formed of silicon oxide, silicon nitride and silicon oxide (“ONO”) is sandwiched between a conductive control gate and a surface of a semi-conductive substrate above the memory cell channel. The cell is programmed by injecting electrons from the cell chann

Patent US7358170 - Methods of forming conductive interconnects, and methods of depositing nickel - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsThe invention includes methods of electroless plating of nickel selectively on exposed conductive surfaces relative to exposed insulative surfaces. The electroless plating can utilize a bath which contains triethanolamine, maleic anhydride and at least one nickel salt....http://www.google.com/patents/US7358170?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7358170 - Methods of forming conductive interconnects, and methods of depositing nickelAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS7358170 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 11/149,578Publication dateApr 15, 2008Filing dateJun 9, 2005Priority dateJun 28, 2004Fee statusPaidAlso published asUS6933231, US7820545, US8062969, US20050287305, US20080146022, US20110008958Publication number11149578, 149578, US 7358170 B2, US 7358170B2, US-B2-7358170, US7358170 B2, US7358170B2InventorsChandra TiwariOriginal AssigneeMicron Technology, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (2), Classifications (48), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethods of forming conductive interconnects, and methods of depositing nickelUS 7358170 B2Abstract The invention includes methods of electroless plating of nickel selectively on exposed conductive surfaces relative to exposed insulative surfaces. The electroless plating can utilize a bath which contains triethanolamine, maleic anhydride and at least one nickel salt. 1. A method of forming a conductive interconnect, comprising: providing a semiconductor substrate having an electrically conductive node, an electrically insulative material adjacent the node, and an opening extending through the insulative material to a surface of the node, a sidewall periphery of the opening comprising an exposed surface of the electrically insulative material; and electroless plating nickel within the opening to form the conductive interconnect within the opening, the electroless plating selectively depositing the nickel on the surface of the node relative to the exposed surface of the electrically insulative material and comprising providing a plating bath within the opening, the plating bath containing a nickel salt, a metal chelator, triethanolamine, a reducing agent and maleic anhydride. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the surface of the electrically conductive node comprises copper. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the surface of the electrically conductive node consists essentially of copper. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the surface of the electrically conductive node consists of copper. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the surface of the electrically conductive node consists essentially of tungsten. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the surface of the electrically conductive node consists of tungsten. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the surface of the electrically conductive node consists essentially of nickel. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the surface of the electrically conductive node consists of nickel. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the exposed surface of the electrically insulative material comprises one or both of silicon nitride and silicon dioxide. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the triethanolamine is present in the plating bath to a concentration of from about 35 grams per liter to about 80 grams per liter. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the maleic anhydride is present in the plating bath to a concentration of from about 0.5 grams per liter to about 2.5 grams per liter. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the nickel salt is nickel chloride. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein the nickel salt is nickel sulfate. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the nickel sulfate is present in the plating bath to a concentration of from about 20 grams per liter to about 50 grams per liter. 15. The method of claim 1 wherein the reducing agent is dimethyl aminoborane. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the dimethyl aminoborane is present in the plating bath to a concentration of from about 6 grams per liter to about 15 grams per liter. 17. The method of claim 1 wherein the reducing agent is sodium hydroborate. 18. The method of claim 1 wherein the metal chelator is a salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. 19. The method of claim 1 wherein the metal chelator is a potassium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the potassium salt of the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is present in the plating bath to a concentration of from about 10 grams per liter to about 25 grams per liter. 21. The method of claim 1 wherein the electroless plating occurs while the bath is maintained at a temperature of from about 20� C. to about 85� C. 22. The method of claim 1 wherein the electroless plating occurs while a pH of the bath is from about 7 to about 9.5. 23. The method of claim 1 wherein the electroless plating is conducted for a time of from about 1 minute to about 0.5 hours. 24. A method of forming a conductive interconnect, comprising: providing a semiconductor substrate having an electrically conductive node, an electrically insulative material adjacent the node, and an opening extending through the insulative material to a surface of the node, a sidewall periphery of the opening comprising an exposed surface of the electrically insulative material; electroless plating nickel within the opening to form the conductive interconnect within the opening, the electroless plating selectively depositing the nickel on the surface of the node relative to the exposed surface of the electrically insulative material and comprising providing a plating bath within the opening, the plating bath containing a nickel salt, a metal chelator, triethanolamine, a reducing agent and maleic anhydride; and wherein the electroless plating is conducted without prior activation of the surface of the electrically conductive node. 25. A method of forming a conductive interconnect, comprising: wherein the surface of the electrically conductive node comprises tungsten. 26. A method of forming a conductive interconnect, comprising: wherein the surface of the electrically conductive node comprises nickel. 27. A method of forming a conductive interconnect, comprising: wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl aminoborane, hypophosphate, formaldehyde and one or more hydroborate salts. RELATED PATENT DATA This patent resulted from a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/879,366, which was filed Jun. 28, 2004, and which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,933,231 on Aug. 23, 2005. TECHNICAL FIELD The invention pertains to methods of forming conductive interconnects, and pertains to methods of depositing nickel. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Semiconductor fabrication frequently involves formation of conductive materials within openings, trenches or vias to form conductive interconnects. An exemplary prior art process for forming a conductive interconnect is described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. Referring initially to FIG. 1, a semiconductor construction 10 is shown to comprise a semiconductor base 12 supporting an electrically conductive node 14 and an electrically insulative material 16. Base 12 can comprise, for example, a monocrystalline silicon wafer. Although base 12 is shown having a homogeneous composition, it is to be understood that base 12 can comprise numerous layers and integrated circuit devices (not shown). The combination of base 12 with structures 14 and 16 can be referred to as a semiconductor substrate. To aid in interpretation of the claims that follow, the terms �semiconductive substrate� and �semiconductor substrate� are defined to mean any construction comprising semiconductive material, including, but not limited to, bulk semiconductive materials such as a semiconductive wafer (either alone or in assemblies comprising other materials thereon), and semiconductive material layers (either alone or in assemblies comprising other materials). The term �substrate� refers to any supporting structure, including, but not limited to, the semiconductive substrates described above. For purposes of interpreting this disclosure and the claims that follow, a deposition process is considered to be �selective� for a first surface relative to a second surface if deposition occurs more rapidly in the first surface than the second surface, which can include, but is not limited to, conditions in which the deposition occurs only on the first surface and not on the second surface (i.e., conditions in which the deposition is 100% selective for the first surface relative to the second surface). SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one aspect, the invention includes a method of depositing nickel. A semiconductor substrate is provided. The substrate has a surface of an electrically conductive node, and also has a surface of an electrically insulative material. The surfaces of the conductive node and the electrically insulative material are both exposed to an electroless plating bath. The bath is utilized for selectively electroless plating nickel on the surface of the node relative to the surface of the electrically insulative material. The plating bath contains triethanolamine, maleic anhydride and at least one nickel salt. The plating bath can further include a reducing agent, such as, for example, dimethyl aminoborane (DMAB). In one aspect, the invention includes a method of forming a conductive interconnect. A semiconductor substrate is provided. The substrate has an electrically conductive node, an electrically insulative material adjacent the node, and an opening extending through the insulative material to a surface of the node. A sidewall periphery of the opening comprises an exposed surface of the electrically insulative material. Nickel is electroless plated within the opening to form the conductive interconnect within the opening. The electroless plating selectively deposits the nickel on the surface of the node relative to the exposed surface of the electrically insulative material. The electroless plating comprises provision of a bath within the opening, with such bath containing a nickel salt, a metal chelator, triethanolamine, a reducing agent and maleic anhydride. An electroless plating solution of the present invention can be utilized under any suitable conditions. In particular aspects, the plating solution is utilized while maintaining a pH of the solution at from about 7 to about 9.5 (with from about 8 to about 8.5 being typical), and while maintaining a temperature of the solution at from about 20� C. to about 85� C. (with a temperature of about 60� C. being typical). Electroless plating can be conducted for any suitable time, with a time of from about 1 minute to about 0.5 hours being typical. Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3898352 *Dec 26, 1973Aug 5, 1975Motorola IncPlastic plating process and solution thereforUS4066804Oct 1, 1974Jan 3, 1978Imperial Chemical Industries LimitedElectroless plating, polymeric substrate, data recordingUS5269838Mar 12, 1993Dec 14, 1993Dipsol Chemicals Co., Ltd.Electroless plating solution and plating method with itUS5795828 *Jul 3, 1996Aug 18, 1998Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Electroless plating bath used for forming a wiring of a semiconductor device, and method of forming a wiring of a semiconductor deviceUS6174353Sep 9, 1999Jan 16, 2001Ibiden Co., Ltd.Alkali solution, a reducing agent and a complexing agentUS6238749May 23, 1996May 29, 2001U.S. Philips CorporationMethod of providing a metal pattern on an electrically insulating substrate in an electroless processUS6624070 *Oct 24, 2001Sep 23, 2003Shipley Company, L.L.C.Plating catalystsUS6645557Oct 17, 2001Nov 11, 2003Atotech Deutschland GmbhTreating surface with silver compound before plating; preferably surface is sensitized with a stanous compound before silver treatmentUS6680273 *Oct 24, 2001Jan 20, 2004Shipley Company, L.L.C.Plating catalysts and electronic packaging substrates plated therewithSU519498A1 Title not available* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1ASM Handbook; vol. 5, Surface Engineering; "Electroless Nickel Plating", pp. 290-310; D. Baudrand.2Kondo et al., "Acceleration of Electroless Copper Deposition in the Presence of Excess Triethanolamine," The Electrochemical Society, Inc., (C) 1991, pp. 3629-3633.Classifications U.S. Classification438/584, 438/624, 438/623, 438/625, 438/672, 438/637, 438/675, 438/639, 438/713, 438/640, 438/700, 257/E21.586, 438/622, 257/760, 438/668, 438/618, 438/778, 438/678, 257/774, 257/759, 438/629, 438/648, 257/758, 257/766, 438/638, 257/E21.174International ClassificationH01L21/44, C23C18/32, H01L21/20, H01L23/48, H01L21/288, H01L21/311, B05D1/18, H01L21/4763, H01L21/31, H01L21/768, C23C18/16, H01L21/302Cooperative ClassificationC23C18/1608, C23C18/32, H01L21/288, C23C18/34, H01L21/76879European ClassificationC23C18/34, C23C18/32, H01L21/288, H01L21/768C4B, C23C18/16B2Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionSep 14, 2011FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google

BBC Radio 2 - Steve Wright in the Afternoon, with Katie Derham, Petroc Trelawny and Barry From Watford We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. We also use cookies to ensure we show you advertising that is relevant to you. If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the BBC website. However, if you would like to, you can change your cookie settings at any time. Continue Find out more ]]> Accessibility links Skip to content Skip to local navigation Accessibility Help BBC iD BBC iD Settings Sign out BBC navigation News Sport Weather Capital Culture Shop TV Radio More… Search term: iPlayer Radio What's New? Stations On Air Now 10:00 - 13:00 See all local, nations and national radio stations. 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Re: Fisheye lens cap: Micro Four Thirds Talk Forum: Digital Photography Review tt321 • Forum Pro • Posts: 11,596 The manufacturers seem to have now switched to a system of using rumour cites for true news, and using proper news cites for first impression reviews. I think the primary section on this website should have its name 'News' changed to 'Impressions' Also, if you are into conspiracy theories, you could read something from the fact that Robin Wong has not personally reviewed the body cap lens... Therefore employee reviewers could be doubly useful

Eagles’ Carson Wentz sure looks like the NFL’s offensive rookie of the year so far - The Washington Post Eagles’ Carson Wentz sure looks like the NFL’s offensive rookie of the year so far By Neil Greenberg By Neil Greenberg Email the author September 26, 2016 Email the author Follow @ngreenberg Philadelphia Eagles quarterback Carson Wentz is the third rookie in franchise history to pass the 300-yard mark with two touchdowns in a game. (Bill Streicher-USA TODAY Sports) Philadelphia Eagles quarterback Carson Wentz looked impressive over the first two weeks of the season, completing 43 of 71 passes for 468 yards and three touchdowns without an interception. But some were waiting to see how the No. 2 overall pick did against the Pittsburgh Steelers in Week 3 before anointing him as a passer with a future in the NFL. [Forget building for the future. Carson Wentz and the Eagles are plenty good right now.] Wentz carved up the Steelers’ defense to the tune of 301 passing yards and two touchdowns Sunday, handing Pittsburgh its biggest defeat since it lost 41-10 to the Cincinnati Bengals in Week 2 of the 1989 season. He is the third rookie in franchise history to pass the 300-yard mark with two touchdowns, and the Eagles are the only team in the NFL with no offensive turnovers. Six other passers have amassed 750 or more passing yards in their first three starts since 1970, but Wentz is the first since Warren Moon (1984) to do so without throwing a single interception. “He played like a freakin’ Hall of Famer,” said Steelers defensive end Cameron Heyward told reporters after the game. “I don’t know how many passes he missed, but he managed the game, got the ball to his receivers, got the ball to the running backs.” Carson Wentz is the first NFL rookie to go without an interception in his first 100 passing attempts (Tom Brady wasn't a rookie). And now that the Eagles are 3-0 and at the top of the NFC East, don’t be too surprised if Wentz walks away with the offensive rookie of the year award. Since the NFL-AFL merger, no rookie with at least 100 passes thrown in his first three NFL games has a higher rating than Wentz (103.8). E.J. Manuel is the closest with an 86.5 passer rating in 2013. Cam Newton, who won the 2011 offensive rookie of the year award, had a rating of 85.1 over his first three games. Andrew Luck, who just signed a a six-year, $140 million deal with the Indianapolis Colts — making him the highest-paid player in NFL history — had a rating of 75.4. Plus, Wentz’s passer rating during his first three games stacks up favorably with any of the quarterbacks who won the offensive rookie of the year award over the past two decades. According to the game charters at Pro Football Focus, Wentz’s 2016 campaign to date ranks ahead of any rookie passer at this same point of the season since 2006, the first year data is available (he has a PFF grade of 90.2, on a scale of 0 to 100). The previous best was 89.4 by Robert Griffin III in 2012 (plus-12.2), the year he won the offensive rookie of the year award as a member of the Washington Redskins. Russell Wilson (73.1) and Luck (66.8) also lag behind Wentz. Took all kinds of grief for saying Carson Wentz might be the best rookie QB I've seen in 14 years of tape breakdowns. — KC Joyner (@KCJoynerTFS) September 25, 2016 And Wentz’s passing numbers should get better from here. According to Football Outsiders’ Defense-adjusted Value Over Average, Wentz and the Eagles face just three pass defenses currently ranked in the top 10: No. 9 Minnesota Vikings in Week 7, No. 3 Seattle Seahawks in Week 11 and the No. 10 Baltimore Ravens in Week 15. Nine of Philadelphia’s remaining opponents rank in the bottom half of the league for pass-defense DVOA. This offense should continue to let Wentz be productive, but the Eagles’ defense could be the only thing standing in his way of a year-end award. Heading into Week 3, Philadelphia’s defense ranked No. 2 in DVOA and was allowing a league-low 0.74 points per drive. With the Steelers scoring just three points on 11 drives on Sunday, that will only go lower. But teams that don’t allow many points don’t trail that often, which means they don’t throw a lot, either. ARI, CAR, PIT, DET were 2-4 and 6 in DVOA. All lost. BAL was 5. Close win. Eagles likely to pull out to a big lead in our stats. — Aaron Schatz (@FO_ASchatz) September 25, 2016 For example, of the top 10 teams in point differential last year, eight threw a below-average number of passes per game. Just one, the New England Patriots, ranked in the top 13 for pass attempts. The Eagles currently rank No. 1 in point differential (plus-65), a sizable lead over the Patriots, who rank No. 2 (plus-36), which could have Philadelphia focusing on running the football as they nurse a lead late in games. Who knows what Wentz’s passing stats will look like at season’s end, but a favorable schedule plus a 70 percent chance at the franchise’s first playoff berth since 2013 means it is time to believe in Wentz as the best offensive rookie of 2016. “I don’t think [Wentz] cares about stats,” Eagles offensive coordinator Frank Reich said on Sunday. “I think he cares about winning and protecting the football and doing what it takes to win football games. And that’s a good thing.” Correction: A prior version had Frank Reich listed as the Steelers offensive coordinator. Leaf Page Test - Thu Mar 22 02:36:01 EDT 2018

Patent US5587564 - Noise damper - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA noise damper comprising a molded part of polymer material having at least two chambers which are designed as resonators with resonant frequencies that differ from one another. The molded part consists of a closed-cell material. The resonators are formed of essentially cup-shaped protrusions that open...http://www.google.com/patents/US5587564?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5587564 - Noise damperAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5587564 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/419,687Publication dateDec 24, 1996Filing dateApr 10, 1995Priority dateApr 27, 1994Fee statusLapsedAlso published asDE4414566A1, DE4414566C2, EP0680031A2, EP0680031A3, EP0680031B1Publication number08419687, 419687, US 5587564 A, US 5587564A, US-A-5587564, US5587564 A, US5587564AInventorsReinhard Stief, Gerhard Muller-BrollOriginal AssigneeFirma Carl FreudenbergExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (11), Referenced by (33), Classifications (8), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetNoise damper US 5587564 AAbstract A noise damper comprising a molded part of polymer material having at least two chambers which are designed as resonators with resonant frequencies that differ from one another. The molded part consists of a closed-cell material. The resonators are formed of essentially cup-shaped protrusions that open toward the sound source, the molded part on the side facing the sound source being covered by an orifice plate comprising at least two openings leading into each chamber. The molded part and the orifice plate are detachably joined together. 1. A noise damper comprising a molded part of polymer material having at least two chambers and an orifice plate covering the molded part on a side of the molded part facing a sound source,wherein the chambers are designed as resonators with at least two of the chambers having resonant frequencies that differ from one another; wherein the molded part is comprised of a closed-cell material; wherein the chambers are formed as essentially cup-shaped protrusions that open toward the sound source; wherein the orifice plate comprises at least two openings leading into each chamber; wherein said molded part and said orifice plate are detachably joined together; and wherein the number and/or shape of the openings in the orifice plate leading into the chambers differs for at least two of the chambers. 2. A noise damper comprising a molded part of polymer material having at least two chambers and an orifice plate covering the molded part on a side of the molded part facing a sound source,wherein the chambers are designed as resonators with at least two of the chambers having resonant frequencies that differ from one another; wherein the molded part is comprised of a closed-cell material; wherein the chambers are formed as essentially cup-shaped protrusions that open toward the sound source; wherein the orifice plate comprises at least two openings leading into each chamber; wherein said molded part and said orifice plate are detachably joined together; and wherein the molded part comprises a foamed plastic and the orifice plate comprises a perforated plate of metallic material. 3. The noise damper according to claim 1, wherein the molded part is provided with chambers of the same volume and dimensions. 4. The noise damper according to claim 2, wherein the molded part is provided with chambers of the same volume and dimensions, and wherein the number and/or shape of the openings in the orifice plate leading into the chambers differs for at least two of the chambers. 5. The noise damper according to claim 1, wherein the molded part is designed with at least two chambers having different volumes. 6. The noise damper according to claim 2, wherein the molded part is designed with at least two chambers having different volumes, and wherein the number and/or shape of the openings in the orifice plate leading into the chambers is the same for at least two of the chambers. 7. The noise damper according to claim 2, wherein the molded part is designed with at least two chambers having different volumes, and wherein the number and/or shape of the openings in the orifice plate leading into the chambers differs for at least two of the chambers. 8. The noise damper according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the sum of the surface areas of all openings to the total surface area of the orifice plate is 0.05 to 0.45. 9. The noise damper according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of the sum of the surface areas of all openings to the total surface area of the orifice plate is 0.05 to 0.45. 10. The noise damper according to claim 1, wherein the openings are circular in shape and have a diameter of not more than 4 mm. 11. The noise damper according to claim 2, wherein the openings are circular in shape and have a diameter of not more than 4 mm. 12. The noise damper according to claim 1, wherein the chambers have a cross-section that widens conically toward the orifice plate. 13. The noise damper according to claim 2, wherein the chambers have a cross-section that widens conically toward the orifice plate. 14. The noise damper according to claim 1, wherein the molded part is provided with a heavy layer on the side facing away from the orifice plate. 15. The noise damper according to claim 2, wherein the molded part is provided with a heavy layer on the side facing away from the orifice plate. 16. The noise damper according to claim 1, wherein the noise damper is constructed as a ceiling and/or wall covering. 17. The noise damper according to claim 2, wherein the noise damper is constructed as a ceiling and/or wall covering. The invention relates to a noise damper comprising a molded part of polymer material having at least two chambers, which are designed as resonators with resonant frequencies that differ from one another, with the resonators covering essentially the entire area of the molded part. Such a noise damper is disclosed by German Patent Application DE 40 11 705, which corresponds to the English language Canadian Patent Application 2,040,076. A prior art noise damper in accordance with that patent application comprises a sound absorbing molded part, which is covered on its top surface directed toward the sound source with a porous layer or consists of open-celled foamed plastic. The resonators of that molded part are designed as Helmholtz resonators, each Helmholtz resonator having a single opening on the side facing the sound source. An object of the present invention is to provide an improved noise damper so as to render possible a broader-band sound absorption and to enable the damper to be used in damp locations and/or clean rooms. Within the scope of the present invention, the molded part consists of a closed-cell material, the resonators are formed as essentially cup-shaped protrusions that open toward the sound source, the molded part on the side facing the sound source is covered by an orifice plate which has at least two openings in the area of each resonator, and the molded part and the orifice plate are detachably joined together. Due to these improvements and the advantageous operating characteristics, the noise damper according to the invention can be used in clean rooms, because it does not release any material particles from the molded part and/or from the orifice plate to the ambient air, and because it does not absorb any moisture. As a result, bacteria are reliably prevented from settling. By detachably joining the molded part to the orifice plate by a clamping system, for example, the entire noise damper can be easily cleaned. In comparison to Helmholtz resonators, which have resonators with only one opening on the side facing the sound source, an essentially broader-band sound absorption is obtainable by the noise damper of the present invention. The number of openings is apportioned to the volume of the chambers of the corresponding resonators so as to produce a good sound absorption within a frequency range of at least 250 to 4000 Hz. In contrast, noise dampers designed as Helmholtz resonators can only absorb sound satisfactorily within a frequency range of 750 to 1500 Hz. The sound striking the noise damper initially penetrates through the openings in the orifice plate and excites the chamber bottom and the side walls of each chamber to vibration. A portion of the energy is converted into heat by the inner friction of the molded part material. The remaining portion of the energy is damped by the oscillating air columns in the openings of the orifice plate. Therefore, even just one chamber of the molded part covered by an orifice plate with multiple openings makes it possible to have a comparatively broader-band damping of impacting sound, because, for example, air columns having dissimilar volumes vibrate inside the different openings of the orifice plate. In accordance with one advantageous embodiment, the molded part may consist of a closed-cell foamed plastic, and the orifice plate may be made of metallic material. This embodiment is advantageous in that the noise damper does not absorb any moisture and, therefore, can be reliably used in wet locations or clean rooms. Therefore, the noise damper is suitable for use in the food processing industry and in the medical field. From a standpoint of production engineering and economics, it is advantageous to manufacture the molded part from a closed-cell molded plastic and the orifice plate from a metallic material. The molded component can be provided with resonators of the same volume having conforming designs, with the number and/or shape of the openings in the perforated plate differing for different resonators. In the case of a noise damper having such a design, the flexural stiffness of the chambers correspond to one another; the wide-band absorption of sound is achieved by the variation of the openings in the orifice plate. In order to achieve this wide-band absorption, the volumes of the air columns inside the openings are dissimilar. Another embodiment provides for the molded part to be designed with resonators having differing volumes and for the perforated plate to have a conforming or a dissimilar number and/or shape of openings in the area of each of the resonators. It is possible for the molded part having differently shaped resonators to be covered by a uniformly perforated orifice plate. Because the resonators have different shapes, each of them can have a distinct flexural stiffness, so that a good wide-band sound absorption is provided within a frequency range of 250 to 4000 Hz. In accordance with one advantageous embodiment, the resonators can be designed with the chamber bottom arranged to allow it to vibrate relatively to the side walls of the chamber. The transition region from the side walls to the chamber bottom can be designed as a spring element which starts from the side walls and the chamber bottom and gradually merges into a reduced, membrane-like thin material thickness. The spring element can have a rolling-diaphragm-type design to allow the chamber bottom to move easily relatively to the side walls of the chamber. Chambers designed accordingly form a spring-mass system, in the case of which the spring is constituted by the air trapped inside the chamber and by the elastically flexible spring element, which is arranged in the transition region between the side walls of the chamber and the chamber bottom. The mass is made up of the relatively oscillatory chamber bottom. Because the chamber bottom is coupled elastically to the side walls of the chamber, the sound absorption in the lower frequency ranges can be improved. This type of design makes it possible to have a sound absorption in a frequency range of between 100 and 4000 Hz. Because the spring element preferably has a rolling-diaphragm-type design, an oscillatory motion of the chamber bottom relative to the side walls of the chamber produces only a slight mechanical flexing strain, which is advantageous in providing a durable design for the noise damper. It has proven to be advantageous for the ratio of the sum of the surface areas of all openings to the total surface area of the orifice plate to be 0.05 to 0.45. With such a construction, an excellent broad-band sound absorption is achieved with a good mechanical dimensional stability of the entire noise damper. According to one embodiment, the openings may have a circular shape with a diameter of not more than 4 mm. The openings preferably have a diameter of 1 to 3 mm, with the resonators having dissimilar shapes from one another. If the diameter of the openings amounts to less than 4 mm, impurities inside the chambers are limited to small particles. With respect to a problem-free manufacturing of the molded part and a simple cleaning, it has proven to be advantageous for the resonators to have a cross-section that widens conically in the direction of the orifice plate. Following its plastic shaping, the molded part can be removed from the mold quite simply by the conical form of the resonators. The essentially conical chambers guarantee that any condensate will run off, so that no moisture residues, for example as may be left over from the cleaning of the noise damper inside the resonators. The condensate is carried off through the openings of the orifice plate to the outside. A further increased frequency range for absorbing sound can be effected in that the molded part is only partially provided with a heavy layer on the side facing away from the orifice plate. The resonators provided with a heavy layer produce an improved sound absorption of comparatively lower-frequency vibrations. A noise damper according to the present invention can be used as a ceiling and/or wall covering in moist locations and/or clean rooms. FIG. 1 shows a noise damper designed as a sound absorbing element, in cross-section. FIG. 1A shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the area labeled X in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 shows a top view of the noise damper of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 shows a detail of a noise damper comprised of a plurality of sound absorbing elements, the sound absorbing elements being designed as a ceiling covering. FIG. 4 shows a detail similar to the detail of FIG. 3, with dissimilar noise dampers and a different fixing device being used. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a noise damper, essentially consisting of a plate shaped molded part 1 and an orifice plate 8. The molded part 1 is manufactured from a closed-cell polymer material and comprises a plurality of chambers 2, 3, which are designed as resonators 4, 5. In this exemplary embodiment, the volumes of the resonators 4, 5 (generally referred to as protrusions 7) differ so that their resonant frequencies are dissimilar. The resonators 4, 5 open out toward the sound source 6 and are covered by the orifice plate 8. The orifice plate 8 is provided in the area of each protrusion 7 with a plurality of openings 9, 10, in order to effect, in conjunction with the resonators 4, 5, a good sound absorption within a frequency range of at least 250 to 4000 Hz. The molded part 1 and the orifice plate 8 are joined together detachably by means of a clamp-type fixing device 12. It is provided in the exemplary embodiments shown here for the orifice plate 8 to consist of a metallic material and to be joined to the molded part under elastic prestressing. Upon manufacturing, the orifice plate 8 is curved in a dome shape, similarly to the resonators. During assembly, the orifice plate 8 is transformed under elastic prestressing into a flat state and, by this means, tightly joined to the molded part 1. FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of the noise damper of FIG. 1. This view shows the dissimilarity of the designs of the resonators 4, 5. FIG. 3 depicts a detail of at least two noise dampers which are joined together in the area of their peripheral side boundary edges by the clamp-type fixing device 12. In addition to joining the noise dampers together, the clamp-type fixing device 12 also joins the plate-shaped molded parts 1 to each of the adjacent orifice plates 8. Similar to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the resonators 4, 5 have dissimilar shapes. The resonator 4 is sealed by an orifice plate which has differently shaped openings. The diameters of the openings amount to 1 to 3 mm. The resonator 5 is covered by an orifice plate which has a plurality of identically designed openings. In addition, the resonator 5 is designed as a spring-mass system, the side walls 13 of the chamber 3 being joined to the chamber bottom 15 by means of a rolling-diaphragm-type spring element 14 that is formed integrally with the resonator 5. In this case, the orifices make up 25% of the top surface of the orifice plates directed toward the sound source. As a result, a good sound absorption results from a broad frequency range and, on the other hand, adequate inherent stability is achieved for the entire noise damper. FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment similar to the one in FIG. 3. On the side facing away from the sound source 6, the resonator 4 is provided with a heavy layer 11 for absorbing lower frequency vibrations in the range of up to 500 Hz. The resonator 5 is provided with a chamber bottom 15 that is coupled from the side walls 13 by a spring element 14. The noise dampers of FIG. 4 are intended to be used as ceiling covering and are secured by a clamp-type fixing device to a support 16. 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Lenz, Jr.Systems and methods for providing an asymmetric cellular acoustic diffuserUS8474574 *Jul 10, 2012Jul 2, 2013Inoac CorporationSound absorbing structureUS8752667 *Oct 4, 2012Jun 17, 2014Hrl Laboratories, LlcHigh bandwidth antiresonant membraneUS8869933 *Jul 29, 2013Oct 28, 2014The Boeing CompanyAcoustic barrier support structureUS9270253Sep 25, 2014Feb 23, 2016The Boeing CompanyHybrid acoustic barrier and absorberUS9275622 *Mar 29, 2012Mar 1, 2016Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenVibro-acoustic attenuation or reduced energy transmissionUS9284727Sep 25, 2014Mar 15, 2016The Boeing CompanyAcoustic barrier support structureUS20050279574 *Jun 17, 2005Dec 22, 2005Walter HalterbeckSound-absorbing device for a wall covering, ceiling covering, or floor coveringUS20070267248 *May 17, 2006Nov 22, 2007William Orlin GudimCombination Acoustic Diffuser and Absorber and Method of Production ThereofUS20080047779 *Jun 30, 2005Feb 28, 2008Bae-Young KimSound Absorption Block And Method Of Constructing The SameUS20090120717 *Oct 9, 2008May 14, 2009Yamaha CorporationSound absorbing structure and sound chamberUS20090205901 *Jan 28, 2009Aug 20, 2009Yamaha CorporationSound absorbing structure and vehicle component having sound absorbing propertyUS20090223738 *Feb 18, 2009Sep 10, 2009Yamaha CorporationSound absorbing structure and vehicle component having sound absorption propertyUS20090255755 *Feb 3, 2009Oct 15, 2009Toyota Boshoku Kabushiki KaishaSoundproofing materialUS20090266645 *Apr 27, 2006Oct 29, 2009Masao SuzukiSound Insulating DeviceUS20100044148 *Aug 7, 2009Feb 25, 2010Rento TanaseSound absorbing structure using closed-cell porous mediumUS20110168484 *Jan 7, 2011Jul 14, 2011Lenz Richard LSystems and methods for providing an asymmetric cellular acoustic diffuserUS20130087407 *Oct 4, 2012Apr 11, 2013Hrl Laboratories LlcHigh Bandwidth Antiresonant MembraneUS20140027199 *Mar 29, 2012Jan 30, 2014Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenVibro-Acoustic Attenuation or Reduced Energy TransmissionUS20150218804 *Apr 16, 2015Aug 6, 2015Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics ChaineuxOptimized pattern of a damping layer for wall, floor, and ceiling constructionsEP1571649A2 *Feb 8, 2005Sep 7, 2005RSM Technologies LimitedSound attenuating structuresEP2764509A4 *Oct 4, 2012Jan 6, 2016Hrl Lab LlcHigh bandwidth antiresonant membraneWO1999044861A1 *Oct 8, 1998Sep 10, 1999Faist Automotive Gmbh & Co. KgSound protective screen* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification181/295, 181/286, 181/293International ClassificationG10K11/172, H04R1/34, G10K11/16Cooperative ClassificationG10K11/172European ClassificationG10K11/172Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJun 7, 1995ASAssignmentOwner name: FIRMA CARL FREUDENBERG, GERMANYFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:STIEF, REINHARD;MULLER-BROLL, GERHARD;REEL/FRAME:007512/0899Effective date: 19950404Jun 12, 2000FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jul 14, 2004REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedDec 27, 2004LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesFeb 22, 2005FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20041224RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

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eYeka - Google+Search Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Send Feedback | Web History | Help | Sign inProfileHomeProfilePeoplePhotosCollectionsCommunitiesEventsHangoutsPagesSettingsFeedbackHelp · RegionPrivacy · Terms · Maps TermsStart a hangout eYeka127 followers|27,727 viewsProfileeYekawww.eyeka.com127 followers|27,727 viewsAboutPostsPhotosVideosStreameYekaShared publicly - 2015-05-21 Join Our « What if My Creative Director Was 25 Years Old? » Talk at #CannesLions2015 | eYeka's Thought Leadership Blognews.eyeka.netBy 2025 Millenials will make-up 75% of the workforce. “Disengaged”, “entitled”, “self-centered”, much have been said about the challenges in engaging them. One thing is for sure: they will shake things up! 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We often get asked what eYeka means, and this brief blog entry will enlighten you once for all ! You might know what we do already, just for those who don't : eYeka leverages a global community of more than ...1Add a comment...In their circles31 peopleCamille RumeauYannig RothTobias KoehlerHave them in circles 127 peopleeYekaShared publicly - 2015-04-21 eYeka & AIDES: Co-Creating An Award-Winning Campaign To Promote Femal…slideshare.netFor biological reasons, women are more exposed to AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases than men. But when we talk about prevention, the first thing than comes to mind is the male condom, but few people have heard about the female condom, the only woman-initiated method available that offers protection from sexually transmitted infections. 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Today, eYeka is launching its own ...1Add a comment...eYekaShared publicly - 2015-03-03 eYeka's photos1Add a comment...eYekaShared publicly - 2015-02-23 Here Are Some Very Creative Brand Activation Campaigns | eYeka's Thought Leadership Blognews.eyeka.netIn the digital world, more and more brands look to create buzz around their names. Because TV ads are expensive, marketers look for ways to have their brands' names on everyone's lips – through savvy activation (which refers to all types of activities that bring brands to life and encourage ...1Add a comment...eYekaShared publicly - 2015-02-05 Some Of The Creations We Will Send To Charlie Hebdo, On Behalf Of The eYeka Community | eYeka's Thought Leadership Blognews.eyeka.netDear all, a few weeks ago, in the wake of the tragic events in Paris, we invited you to creatively express your sympathy to the victims of Charlie Hebdo and your resolve to stand for freedom of speech. We have been overwhelmed by your reaction. 261 of you participated out of 39 countries, ...1Add a comment...MoreLoading...PeopleIn their circles31 peopleCamille RumeauYannig RothTobias KoehlerHave them in circles127 peopleContact InformationContact infoPhone+33 1 44 76 80 80, +65 6423 0771Emailcontact@eyeka.comcontact@eyeka.comFax+33 1 44 76 01 00, +65 6423 9841Address79 rue la Boétie FRANCE24 Duxton Road SINGAPOREStoryTaglineWelcome to the World's biggest creative playground!IntroductioneYeka is an online community of over 300,000 very creative individuals active in over 160 countries.We connect with brands and their agencies to increase the ROI of their marketing activities by delivering relevant innovation ideas and social content that attract, engage and sell. We offer end-to-end solutions from ideation, curation, validation to amplification. 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Addiction as an Attachment Disorder by Philip J. Flores, Paperback | Barnes & Noble® 13 New & Used from $39.80 in Marketplace From the Foreword: "Addiction is a disorder in self-regulation. Individuals who become dependent on addictive substances cannot regulate their emotions, self-care, self-esteem, and relationships. In this monumental and illuminating text Philip Flores covers all the reasons why this is so. But it is the domain of interpersonal relations that he makes clear why individuals susceptible to substance use disorders (SUDs) are especially vulnerable. His emphasis on addiction as an attachment disorder is principally important because he provides extensive scholarly and clinical insights as to why certain vulnerable individuals so desperately need to substitute chemical solutions and connections for human ones. The strength of Flores's paradigm of addiction as an attachment disorder is that it is a theory that effectively and wisely guides treatment, but at the same time, when properly implemented or practiced, the treatment resonates with and further enhances the theory. Flores's work here is an extraordinary one because, in parsimonious and clear language, he makes a major contribution to the literature and practice of effective psychotherapy in general and effective psychotherapy for the addictions in particular. He fills in all the gaps between theory and practice covering wide and ranging issues of what practice and empirical findings have to teach about the critical ingredients of AA, group therapy, and individual psychotherapy. This is a job well done because it helps students and experienced clinicians alike to always be mindful of how they bring their humanity to the distress and suffering of others. His theory of addiction as an attachment disorder makes it particularly clear how especially important this is for those suffering with addictive disorders. " —Edward J. Khantzian, M.D., clinical professor of psychiatry, Harvard Medical School A Jason Aronson Book Addiction as an Attachment Disorder 5 out of 5 based on 0 ratings. 1 reviews. This excellent book discusses the root cause of addiction as attachment disorder. Think of smokers whose cigarettes are always close by, loyal soldiers in a box at-the-ready to support and comfort, when no one else can be counted upon. An important read. book by macy nulman book by joseph p merlino Hidden Addictions: Assessment Practices for Psychotherapists, Substance and behavioral addictions are the most frequently missed diagnoses in physical health and mental ... Substance and behavioral addictions are the most frequently missed diagnoses in physical health and mental health care settings. This occurs, in large part, because health care providers hold mistaken beliefs and assumptions about the nature of addiction and who becomes ...

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_.mj=function(){this.H=[];this.R=[]};_.g=_.mj.prototype;_.g.Cf=function(){return this.H.length+this.R.length};_.g.ke=function(){return _.zb(this.H)&&_.zb(this.R)};_.g.clear=function(){this.H=[];this.R=[]};_.g.contains=function(a){return _.yb(this.H,a)||_.yb(this.R,a)};_.g.remove=function(a){var b=this.H;var c=(0,_.oba)(b,a);0<=c?(_.Bb(b,c),b=!0):b=!1;return b||_.Cb(this.R,a)}; _.g.Fe=function(){for(var a=[],b=this.H.length-1;0<=b;--b)a.push(this.H[b]);var c=this.R.length;for(b=0;bAlbum - Google+Press question mark to see available shortcut keysSign in214 Photos - Sep 7, 2012

Obama campaign going up with first radio ad targeting African Americans - Post Politics - The Washington Post ???initialComments:true! pubdate:06/11/2012 14:45 EDT! commentPeriod:14! commentEndDate:6/25/12 2:45 EDT! currentDate:3/30/15 8:0 EDT! allowComments:false! displayComments:true! O’Malley offers softer sell in New Hampshire Rubio pollster calls the White House contender ‘the Michael Jordan of American politics’ Bill Clinton just endorsed Ted Strickland for Senate in Ohio. Here’s why it matters for 2016. GOP presidential candidates voice support for controversial Indiana religious freedom law READ IN: Year-Old Edition Entries By Category Full Monthly Archive Posted at 02:45 PM ET, 06/11/2012 Jun 11, 2012 06:45 PM EDT Obama campaign going up with first radio ad targeting African Americans As the general election ramps up, the Obama campaign this week is launching its first national radio ad this cycle targeting African Americans. President Obama. (Jewel Samad/AFP) The 60-second spot, news of which was first reported by theGrio, features the sung refrain, “We’ve got your back. Mr. President, we’ve got your back.” An Obama campaign official said that the campaign has gone up with ads on urban radio stations on matters such as Obama’s jobs plan, but that the new round of ads is the first specifically focused on African Americans. “Four years ago, we made history,” says the male announcer, speaking over a bass groove. “Now, it’s time to move forward and finish what we started together. We have to show the president we have his back.” The spot also includes clips of Obama pledging to voters on the campaign trail not to cut back on health insurance for the poor or elderly or on programs such as Head Start to pay for upper-income tax cuts. Reports theGrio’s Joy-Ann Reid: A Reach Media advertising representative tells theGrio the ad buy is “early” compared to most election years, as advertising targeting black audiences usually comes right before ”get out the vote” efforts closer to Election Day. The timing of advertising to African-Americans, and the magnitude of ad spending with media outlets targeting or owned by African-Americans has long been a source of tension between black media and the Democratic Party. | 02:45 PM ET, 06/11/2012 Next: O’Malley offers softer sell in New Hampshire

Baldwin Piano Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Baldwin Piano) Trumann, Arkansas [1], USA (Distribution) Baldwin died in 1899 and left his estate to fund missionary causes. Wulsin ultimately purchased Baldwin's estate and continued the company's shift from retail to manufacturing. The company won its first major award in 1900, when their model 112 won the Grand Prix at the Exposition Universelle in Paris, the first American manufactured piano to win such an award. Baldwin-manufactured pianos also won top awards at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the 1914 Anglo-American Exposition. By 1913, business had become brisk, with Baldwin exporting to thirty-two countries in addition to having retailers throughout the United States. Baldwin, like many other manufacturers, began building player pianos in the 1920s. A piano factory was constructed in Cincinnati, Ohio. The models became unpopular by the end of the 1920s, which, coupled with the beginning of the

Revealed: Britain's largest hospital trust breaking rules on hygiene | Daily Mail Online Hospital trust found breaking rules on hygiene By 20:11 EST, 28 October 2008 The commission is inspecting every hospital trust this year to check they are following guidance on protecting patients from superbugs. In an unannounced visit in August inspectors found Imperial College Healthcare was breaching rules by not publicly displaying cleaning schedules. The watchdog also ordered the trust to give formal training to staff carrying out audits of cleaning.But it said none of the breaches would cause a risk to patient safety and added that the trust was exceeding targets for reducing superbugs. A spokeswoman for the trust said all of the breaches concerned problems with paperwork and it had created an action plan. She said the trust was fully complying to standards of cleanliness and had suitable handwashing facilities. Share or comment on this article

 The Kenilworth Resort & Spa Goa Goa Indija - vislabākās viesnīcu cenas ar atlaidēm Rezervēt The Kenilworth Resort & Spa Goa Utorda Beach, Majorda, Goa, Indija The Kenilworth Resort & Spa Goa atsauksmes Tas, kas Jums patiks par The Kenilworth Resort & Spa Goa Uttorda Beach370 m Majorda Beach870 m Arossim Beach1,93 km Majorda dzelzceļa stacija2,16 km Betalbatim Beach2,94 km Cansaulim dzelzceļa stacija2,98 km Colva Beach4,33 km Seraulim dzelzceļa stacija4,91 km Sankval dzelzceļa stacija6,8 km Attālums līdz pilsētas centram 10.00Km Numuri pieejami The Kenilworth Resort & Spa Goa. Vai par The Kenilworth Resort & Spa Goa Jums radies jautājums? Vairāk par The Kenilworth Resort & Spa Goa The Kenilworth Resort & Spa Goa, kas atrodas Majorda, ir perfekta vieta, lai pieredzētu Goa un tās apkārti. Tikai 11.00Km attālumā, šī 5-zvaigžņu viesnīca ir viegli sasniedzama no lidostas. Viesnīcas apmeklētāji var izbaudīt ceļojumu uz pilsētas ievērojamākajām vietām: Uttorda Beach, Majorda Beach, Arossim Beach. The Kenilworth Resort & Spa Goa piedāvā nevainojamu servisu un visas pamata ērtības prasīgiem ceļotājiem. Lai nosauktu dažas no viesnīcas iespējām, šeit būs 24 stundu pakalpojumi numurā, bezmaksas Wi-Fi visos numuros, 24 stundu apsardze, ikdienas uzkopšana, taksometra pakalpojumi. Viesi var izvēlēties starp 104 numuriem, kuri visi rada miera un harmonijas atmosfēru. Turklāt viesnīca nodrošinās to, ka Jums būs daudz iespēju pavadīt laiku, kamēr šeit uzturēsieties. Augstākās kvalitātes iespējas un brīnišķīga atrašanās vieta ir The Kenilworth Resort & Spa Goa, lielisks sākumpunkts, no kura doties tālāk izbaudīt Jūsu uzturēšanos Goa pilsētā. Varca pludmale - 11,1 km Bom Jesus bazilika - 20,26 km Se katedrāle - 20,63 km Aguada forts - 23,75 km Baga pludmale - 31,15 km Agonda pludmale - 32 km Palolem pludmale - 36,66 km Mandrem pludmale - 44,18 km Arambol pludmale - 45,77 km Dudhsagar ūdenskritums - 66,2 km Uttorda Beach - 370 m Majorda dzelzceļa stacija - 2,16 km Cansaulim dzelzceļa stacija - 2,98 km Seraulim dzelzceļa stacija - 4,91 km Sankval dzelzceļa stacija - 6,8 km Attālums līdz pilsētas centram: 10.00Km Īstu viesu atsauksmes par The Kenilworth Resort & Spa Goa Facilities were outstanding, direct access to beach, spacious room although dimly lite, they didn’t have very big doors to let natural light in. Fabulous large pool set out beautifully it was so peaceful until the weekend when a wedding was set up and they then blared very loud music which kinda impacted on other guests. Another thing that was a bit annoying is out of the front it’s a bit stand alone among other hotels so local shops and ATM are about 10-15 walk, we saw a load of mountain bikes in the hotel so we thought great let’s asked if we could one each to explore, we were told by staff all the mountain bikes were only available to guest inside perimeter of hotel, which actually seem ridiculous as it’s not like huge grounds. Overall lovely experience and Would stay here again. From the entry itself you can feel the warmth of the place. The rooms were spacious and clean. The staff made it very comfortable for us with their prompt service. Angelo at the breakfast buffet made sure we got everything on our table without having to get up. The managing director personally spoke to us enquiring about our stay. The beach is very clean and peaceful. We enjoyed our stay very much at the property. Dear Sir/Madam, Thank you for sharing your valuable feedback . We are glad to know that you loved our property. Your commendations have been shared with the team and we are happy to have added value to your stay. Your comments motivate us to try hard. Please do visit us again with your entire family for another great stay! Also, do follow our social media handles to stay updated about our latest offers and promotions! Best Regards, Vikas Bhatnagar General Manager Kenilworth Hotel Beautiful resort but staff was not very helpful” Kenilworth is beautiful, and it is located right next to a beach with a number of seafood shacks to choose from, making it ideal for a simple, relaxing weekend away. My boyfriend and I hardly left the property and the beach. One thing that marred my experience, however, was that the staff, while neither rude nor discourteous, was hardly helpful, either. On the few occasions we required their assistance (getting a taxi, fixing the electricity in our room (two of the three power plugs were not working)), checking in), we were not given clear directions or guidance, which caused, on each occasion, some hassle and confusion for us. I nevertheless enjoyed my stay overall, but would be more interested to experience other resorts the next time I return to Goa. Dear Sir/Madam, Thank you for sharing your valuable feedback . I hope you do visit us again. Your comments motivate us to try hard. Please do visit us again with your entire family for another great stay! Also, do follow our social media handles to stay updated about our latest offers and promotions! Best Regards, Vikas Bhatnagar General Manager Kenilworth Hotel rakhi no Indija This property needs renovation ” Stayed here 7 yrs back. Everything looks the same. Its time they change their bathrooms n rooms. Decor and interiors look old n shabby Dear Sir/Madam, Thank you for sharing your valuable feedback . We are in the process of upgrading our property. I hope you do visit us again and I feel you would see a visible change. Your comments motivate us to try hard. Please do visit us again with your entire family for another great stay! Also, do follow our social media handles to stay updated about our latest offers and promotions! Best Regards, Vikas Bhatnagar General Manager Kenilworth Hotel Stayed overnight to sample hotel and decide if we wished to return. It is a good family hotel” Comfortable beds, Great breakfast, nice surrounds. Bathroom a little small but v clean. Stepping over bath to shower a little hard for older folks. Would stay there again. Riyas no Indija Raj no Īrija Attractive site but plenty of underlying issues. E.g. mini fridge didn't work, socket for kettle didn't work.,locking mechanism for door faulty ,very close to another hotel which had very loud music playing until quite late etc We were there just at the start of the rainy season so things were a bit slow. There may have been a reduction in staff for this slower time of year. We had a relaxing time at The Kenilworth. We enjoyed the spa services. Loved the beach shack restaurant in front of the hotel---great food and drinks and we got to use their lounge chairs all day! Ezhil no Indija

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Idzik: No pressure to play Geno1121dRich CiminiJets rookie Christian Hackenberg goes from second round to second field8hRich CiminiJets' Decker sits for Fitz in refreshing show of solidarity9hRich CiminiJets' Sheldon Richardson has 'positive vibes' as he awaits NFL verdict21hRich CiminiGeno Smith wants to make most of Jets chance22hRich CiminiJets video-game QB Bryce Petty knows it counts for real now2dRich CiminiSource: Bengals' Eifert could miss couple games1dColey HarveyJets WR Brandon Marshall a bargain at $79,500 per reception2dRich CiminiFor starters, Geno Smith (remember him?) will lead Jets' offense*2dRich CiminiFitzpatrick clear: He wants to return to Jets2dRich CiminiFirst-round LB Darron Lee remains Jets' only unsigned draft pick4dRich CiminiIdzik: No pressure to play GenoQuarterback Geno Smith will get his chance to compete for the Jets' starting job. AP Photo/Ben LiebenbergEmailcommentMay 1, 2013Rich CiminiESPN Staff Writer CloseLongtime Jets beat writer for New York Daily News Syracuse University graduateFollow on TwitterEmailprintcommentGM John Idzik, a guest Wednesday morning on SiriusXM NFL Radio, said the organization will be patient with rookie QB Geno Smith."We don't feel like there's any pressure to get him in there right away, especially with the cast of quarterbacks we have in the competition," Idzik said.Some of the pressure is alleviated because Smith is a second-round pick, not a first-rounder, but he's still a high-profile addition on a team desperate for a quarterback answer. Make no mistake, when Smith is ready to play, he'll play.Idzik addressed a few other topics:Mark Sanchez's future: Idzik claimed that Sanchez's huge guarantee ($8.25 million base) will have no bearing on whether he's on the team. "We take finances out of it," he said. We all know that finances play an important role in personnel decisions, although it bears noting that Idzik came from a team -- the Seahawks -- that sat Matt Flynn last season despite $9 million in guarantees.Roll Tide: Idzik said CB Dee Milliner was an "extraordinary pick" at No. 9. "Unfortunately, I think it's inevitable ... that he'll be [compared to Darrelle Revis]. Dee will be his own player, a very good player. Darrelle will be Darrelle."St. Booo: Idzik said he wasn't surprised or bummed out when the Rams traded ahead of the Jets, picking WR Tavon Austin at No. 8. Austin and Milliner were the top two players on the Jets' draft board. "I wouldn't call it disappointing," Idzik said. "We had an inclination St. Louis was interested in him and perhaps they would want to get ahead of us in fear we would take him. We were happy with Dee. Quite frankly, we were surprised Dee was there at nine. We were elated to choose him." Chances are they would've taken Austin over Milliner if they had the choice.Multiple fronts: The addition of first-round DT Sheldon Richardson provides more flexibility, which will allow the Jets to play more 4-3 fronts. "We're not locked into a traditional 3-4 front," Idzik said.

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Breakout Game in a Win32 Console - CodeProject 11,049,605 members (77,450 online) Interesting J_Madden8-Jun-10 14:26 Despite the fact that console games are passe, I liked the article primarily because not much is done in C/C++ console world anymore. This doesn't mean your stuff was not relative, I think much of the newer languages are overkill for things that could get done much more efficiently in C. Congrats and hope to see more from you in the future... Perplexing license... yafan7-Jun-10 11:01 // * This software is made available only to individuals and only * I don't understand kornakar6-Jun-10 21:37 Why do you keep publishing these console-related articles? Obviously no one is interested in them and the code quality is very bad. I don't mean to be mean, it's just that when I open an article, I expect to be learning something. Most of your articles are just a bunch of code and a brief comment "this routine does the magic". You say you're a "professional programmer". A true professional admints that he's wrong and corrects his errors. But you seem just to ignore all feedback. But hey, you're a TOP CODER aren't you? [My vote of 1] 30 years too late Johnny J.3-Jun-10 22:26 I don't mean to be rude. I'm sure you're a nice person and that you do a great job. Interesting but... hector santos25-May-10 6:43 Comments: Re: Interesting but... TopCoder2330-May-10 0:07 Thanks sir i will Article writing suggestion David MacDermot14-May-10 9:37 Please see my comment posted Here[^] Well then... elchupathingy11-May-10 19:20 That is a lot simpler then I had thought it was going to be...good stuff Re: Iam a simple person TopCoder2323-May-10 22:01 Last Visit: 31-Dec-99 19:00 Last Update: 27-Nov-14 22:51Refresh1

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an optical waveguide and stamp for use in the production processCN101825744A *Apr 2, 2010Sep 8, 2010电子科技大学High-nonlinearity composite-structure micro-nano optical wave conducting wire and preparation method thereofCN101825744BApr 2, 2010Jul 25, 2012电子科技大学High-nonlinearity composite-structure micro-nano optical wave conducting wire and preparation method thereofCN101840076A *Mar 19, 2010Sep 22, 2010西北工业大学Optical switch structureCN101840076BMar 19, 2010May 23, 2012西北工业大学Optical switch structureWO1991003748A1 *Sep 5, 1990Mar 21, 1991Hoechst Celanese CorpElectro-optic waveguide deviceWO1992003752A1 *Mar 25, 1991Mar 5, 1992Hoechst Celanese CorpProduction of nonlinear optically responsive polymeric waveguidesWO1992019995A1 *Nov 13, 1991Nov 12, 1992Hoechst Celanese CorpNonlinear optically responsive polymeric waveguidesWO1992021995A1 *Mar 9, 1992Dec 10, 1992Hoechst Celanese CorpPolymeric waveguiding media* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification385/1, 385/141, 252/585, 307/424, 359/245International ClassificationG02F1/35, G02F1/065, G02F1/365Cooperative ClassificationG02F1/3515, G02F1/065, G02F1/365European ClassificationG02F1/35C, G02F1/365, G02F1/065Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 9, 1989ASAssignmentOwner name: UNISYS CORPORATION, A DE CORP., PENNSYLVANIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:HAYDEN, L. MICHAEL;REEL/FRAME:005041/0259Effective date: 19890214May 25, 1993FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Jul 29, 1997REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedDec 21, 1997LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesMar 3, 1998FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 19971224Dec 2, 1998ASAssignmentOwner name: LORAL CORPORATION, MARYLANDFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:UNISYS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:009605/0442Effective date: 19950505RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services

Patent US5577382 - Exhaust purification device of internal combustion engine - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsAn exhaust purification device which is capable of detecting the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent or the three-way catalyst arranged in the exhaust passage of an engine. An O2 sensor whose output current or output voltage is proportional to the air-fuel ratio is arranged inside the exhaust...http://www.google.com/patents/US5577382?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5577382 - Exhaust purification device of internal combustion engineAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS5577382 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 08/493,657Publication dateNov 26, 1996Filing dateJun 22, 1995Priority dateJun 30, 1994Fee statusPaidAlso published asDE69502663D1, DE69502663T2, EP0690213A1, EP0690213B1Publication number08493657, 493657, US 5577382 A, US 5577382A, US-A-5577382, US5577382 A, US5577382AInventorsTetsuro Kihara, Kenji Katoh, Takamitsu Asanuma, Satoshi IguchiOriginal AssigneeToyota Jidosha Kabushiki KaishaExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (10), Referenced by (107), Classifications (27), Legal Events (4) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetExhaust purification device of internal combustion engine US 5577382 AAbstract An exhaust purification device which is capable of detecting the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent or the three-way catalyst arranged in the exhaust passage of an engine. An O2 sensor whose output current or output voltage is proportional to the air-fuel ratio is arranged inside the exhaust passage downstream of the NOx absorbent or three-way catalyst. The air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is temporarily changed from lean to rich or from rich to lean to enable the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent or three-way catalyst to be detected from the peak value of the output current or voltage of the O2 sensor during the time when the air-fuel ratio is changed. 1. An exhaust purification device of an engine having an exhaust passage, comprising:an exhaust purification element arranged in the exhaust passage to remove harmful components contained in an exhaust gas, said exhaust purification element having the property that, when an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into said exhaust purification element is changed from lean to rich, an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the exhaust purification element is temporarily maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and then changed to rich and, at this time, the time during which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the exhaust purification element is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio becoming shorter as the exhaust purification element deteriorates; an oxygen concentration sensor arranged in the exhaust passage downstream of said exhaust purification element and producing an output having a level which is proportional to the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas; air-fuel ratio change-over means for temporarily changing the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas, which flows into said exhaust purification element, from lean to rich for a predetermined fixed time; peak value detecting means for finding a peak value of the level of the output of said oxygen concentration sensor within said predetermined fixed time during which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into said exhaust purification element is temporarily maintained at a rich air-fuel ratio by said air-fuel ratio change-over means; and judgement means for judging a degree of deterioration of said exhaust purification element on the basis of said peak value of the level of the output. 2. An exhaust purification device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the peak value of the output of the oxygen concentration sensor changes in accordance with the degree of deterioration of said oxygen concentration sensor. 3. An exhaust purification device as set forth in claim 1, wherein said air-fuel ratio change-over means controls the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into said exhaust purification element by controlling the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture fed to the engine. 4. An exhaust purification device as set forth in claim 1, wherein said exhaust purification element is comprised of a NOx absorbent which absorbs NOx when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is lean and releases the absorbed NOx when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas becomes rich. 5. An exhaust purification device as set forth in claim 4, wherein said NOx absorbent includes platinum and at least one element selected from the group comprised of alkali metals such as potassium, sodium, lithium, and cesium, alkali earths such as barium and calcium, and rare earths such as lanthanum and yttrium. 6. An exhaust purification device as set forth in claim 4, wherein said air-fuel ratio change-over means, in addition to a first air-fuel ratio change-over action for changing the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification element from lean to rich temporarily for said predetermined fixed time so as to judge the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent, performs a second air-fuel ratio change-over action for changing the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification element temporarily from lean to rich at a frequency higher than said first air-fuel ratio change-over action so as to cause the NOx to be released from said NOx absorbent. 7. An exhaust purification device as set forth in claim 6, wherein the rich time when said second air-fuel ratio change-over action is performed is made shorter the higher the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent. 8. An exhaust purification device as set forth in claim 6, wherein absorbed NOx estimating means is provided for estimating the amount of NOx absorbed in said NOx absorbent, said second air-fuel ratio change-over action being performed when the amount of absorbed NOx estimated by said absorbed NOx estimating means exceeds a predetermined maximum allowable value. 9. An exhaust purification device as set forth in claim 8, wherein said maximum allowable value is made smaller the higher the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent. 10. An exhaust purification device as set forth in claim 6, wherein said air-fuel ratio change-over means performs a third air-fuel ratio change-over action for changing the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into said exhaust purification element temporarily from lean to rich to cause SOx to be released from the NOx absorbent, the degree of richness when said third air-fuel ratio change-over action is performed being lower than the degree of richness when said second air-fuel ratio change-over action is performed, and the rich time when said third air-fuel ratio change-over action is performed being longer than the rich time when said second air-fuel ratio change-over action is performed. 11. An exhaust purification device as set forth in claim 10, wherein said third air-fuel ratio change-over action is performed when the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent becomes lower than a predetermined degree. 12. An exhaust purification device as set forth in claim 1, wherein said exhaust purification element is comprised of a three-way catalyst. 13. An exhaust purification device as set forth in claim 12, wherein control means is provided for controlling the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into said three-way catalyst substantially to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and wherein said air-fuel ratio change-over means changes the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification element once from the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio to lean, then to rich when judging the deterioration of the three-way catalyst. 14. An exhaust purification device of an engine having an exhaust passage, comprising:an exhaust purification element arranged in the exhaust passage to remove harmful components contained in an exhaust gas, said exhaust purification element having the property that, when an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into said exhaust purification element is changed from rich to lean, an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the exhaust purification element is temporarily maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and then changed to rich and, at this time, the time during which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the exhaust purification element is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio becoming shorter as the exhaust purification element deteriorates; an oxygen concentration sensor arranged in the exhaust passage downstream of said exhaust purification element and producing an output having a level which is proportional to the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas; air-fuel ratio change-over means for temporarily changing the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas, which flows into said exhaust purification element, from rich to lean for a predetermined fixed time; peak value detecting means for finding a peak value of the level of the output of said oxygen concentration sensor within said predetermined fixed time during which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into said exhaust purification element is temporarily maintained at a lean air-fuel ratio by said air-fuel ratio change-over means; and judgement means for judging a degree of deterioration of said exhaust purification element on, the basis of said peak value of the level of the output. 15. An exhaust purification device as set forth in claim 14, wherein said exhaust purification element is comprised of a three-way catalyst. 16. An exhaust purification device as set forth in claim 15, wherein control means is provided for controlling the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into said three-way catalyst substantially to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and wherein said air-fuel ratio change-over means changes the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification element once from the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio to rich, then to lean when judging the deterioration of the three-way catalyst. The present invention relates to an exhaust purification device of an internal combustion engine. A three-way catalyst has long been used for removing the harmful components from exhaust gas. Such a three-way catalyst has a so-called O2 storage function whereby it takes in and stores the oxygen in the exhaust gas when the air-fuel ratio becomes lean. It uses this O2 storage function to efficiently remove the three harmful components in exhaust gas, that is, HC, CO, and NOx. Accordingly, when this storage function weakens, the purification ability becomes lower, that is, the three-way catalyst deteriorates. If the ratio between the total amount of air and the total amount of fuel fed to the exhaust passage upstream of a certain point in the exhaust passage or in the intake passage is defined as the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas at that certain point, when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the three-way catalyst changes from lean to rich, the unburnt HC and the CO in the exhaust gas seize the oxygen stored in the three-way catalyst. The unburnt HC and the CO can be oxidized by the seized oxygen. During the period when the unburnt HC and the CO are oxidized by the oxygen stored in the three-way catalyst in this way, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the three-way catalyst becomes substantially the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. When the oxygen stored in the three-way catalyst runs out, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the three-way catalyst becomes rich. In this case, the stronger the O2 storage function, the longer the time when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the three-way catalyst is maintained at substantially the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. When the O2 storage function weakens, the time during which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the three-way catalyst is maintained at substantially the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio becomes shorter. There is known an internal combustion engine which is designed so that after the exhaust gas flowing into the three-way catalyst changes from lean to rich, the time during which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the three-way catalyst is maintained at substantially the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio is detected and it is judged that the degree of deterioration of the three-way catalyst is advancing along with the shortening of that time (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2-130245). The time during which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the three-way catalyst is maintained at substantially the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio is, however, extremely short. It is difficult to accurately detect such a short time without error and to accurately judge the degree of deterioration from the results of that detection. Further, sometimes the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the three-way catalyst becomes rich in a spike-like fashion due to some reason or another when maintained at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. If such a "rich spike" occurs, there is the problem that the degree of deterioration of the three-way catalyst ends up being completely erroneously judged. An object of the invention is to provide an exhaust purification device capable of accurately detecting the degree of deterioration of an exhaust gas purification element. According to the present invention, there is provided an exhaust purification device of an engine having an exhaust passage, including an exhaust purification element arranged in the exhaust passage to remove harmful components contained in an exhaust gas, the exhaust purification element having the property that, when an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification element is changed from lean to rich, an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the exhaust purification element is temporarily maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and then changed to rich and, at this time, the time during which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the exhaust purification element is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio becoming shorter as the exhaust purification element deteriorates; an oxygen concentration sensor arranged in the exhaust passage downstream of the exhaust purification element and producing an output having a level which is proportional to the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas; air-fuel ratio change-over means for temporarily changing the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas, which flows into the exhaust purification element, from lean to rich for a predetermined fixed time; peak value detecting means for finding a peak value of the level of the output of the oxygen concentration sensor within the predetermined fixed time during which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification element is temporarily maintained at a rich air-fuel ratio by the air-fuel ratio change-over means; and judgement means for judging a degree of deterioration of the exhaust purification element on the basis of the peak value of the level of the output. In addition, according to the present invention, there is provided an exhaust purification device of an engine having an exhaust passage, including an exhaust purification element arranged in the exhaust passage to remove harmful components contained in an exhaust gas, the exhaust purification element having the property that, when an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification element is changed from rich to lean, an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the exhaust purification element is temporarily maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and then changed to rich and, at this time, the time during which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the exhaust purification element is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio becoming shorter as the exhaust purification element deteriorates; an oxygen concentration sensor arranged in the exhaust passage downstream of the exhaust purification element and producing an output having a level which is proportional to the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas; air-fuel ratio change-over means for temporarily changing the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas, which flows into the exhaust purification element, from rich to lean for a predetermined fixed time; peak value detecting means for finding a peak value of the level of the output of the oxygen concentration sensor within the predetermined fixed time during which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust purification element is temporarily maintained at a lean air-fuel ratio by the air-fuel ratio change-over means; and judgement means for judging a degree of deterioration of the exhaust purification element on the basis of the peak value of the level of the output. These and other objects and features of the present invention will be more fully understood from the description of the preferred embodiments of the invention set forth below together with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 2 is a view of a map of a basic fuel injection time; FIG. 3 is a view of a correction coefficient K; FIG. 4 is a graph showing schematically the concentrations of the unburnt HC, the CO, and the oxygen in exhaust gas discharged from an engine; FIGS. 5A and 5B are views for explaining the intake and release action of NOx; FIGS. 6A and 6B are views of, respectively, the amount of NOx intake NOXA and the amount of NOx release NOXD; FIGS. 7A and 7B are views of the amount of NOx release NOXD; FIG. 8 is a time chart of the air-fuel ratio control; FIG. 9 is a view for explaining a method of detection of deterioration of a NOx absorbent; FIG. 10 is a view of the current flowing across an anode and cathode of an O2 sensor; FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C are views of the degree of deterioration etc.; FIGS. 12 and 13 are flow charts for the control of the air-fuel ratio; FIG. 14 is a flow chart for the judgement of the deterioration; FIG. 15 is a time chart of the control of the release of SOx; FIG. 16 is an overall view of another embodiment of an internal combustion engine; FIG. 17 is a view of the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas and the outflowing exhaust gas of the three-way catalyst; FIG. 18 is a view of the degree of deterioration; FIG. 19 is a view for explaining a method of detection of the deterioration of a three-way catalyst; FIGS. 20 and 21 are flow charts for the control of the air-fuel ratio; and FIG. 22 is a view for explaining another method of detection of the deterioration of a three-way catalyst. Referring to FIG. 1, 1 is an engine body, 2 a piston, 3 a combustion chamber, 4 a spark plug, 5 an intake valve, 6 an intake port, 7 an exhaust valve, and 8 an exhaust port. The intake port 6 is communicated with a surge tank 10 through a corresponding branch pipe 9. Each branch pipe 9 has attached to it a fuel injector 11 for injecting fuel toward the inside of the corresponding intake port 6. The surge tank 10 is communicated to an air cleaner 13 through an intake duct 12. A throttle valve 14 is arranged inside the intake duct 12. On the other hand, the intake port 8 is connected with a casing 17 housing an exhaust purification element 18 through an exhaust manifold 15 and exhaust pipe 16. In this embodiment, the exhaust purification element 18 is a NOx absorbent. An electronic control unit 30 is comprised of a digital computer which is provided with a read only memory (ROM) 32, random access memory (RAM) 33, microprocessor (CPU) 34, back-up RAM connected to a fixed power source, input port 36, and output port 37 connected to each other through a bidirectional bus 31. Inside the surge tank 10 is arranged a pressure sensor 19 for generating an output voltage proportional to the absolute pressure in the surge tank 10. The output voltage of the pressure sensor 19 is input to the input port 35 through a corresponding AD converter 38. In the exhaust pipe 21 downstream of the NOx absorbent 18 is arranged an oxygen concentration sensor (hereinafter referred to as an "O2 sensor") 22, which 02 sensor 22 is connected to the input port 36 through a corresponding AD converter 38. Further, connected to the input port 36 are an engine speed sensor 23 for generating an output pulse expressing the engine speed and a vehicle speed sensor 24 for generating an output pulse expressing the vehicle speed. On the other hand, the output port 37 is connected to the spark plug 4 and the fuel injector 11 through a corresponding drive circuit 39. TAU=TP�K Here, TP is the basic fuel injection time and K is a correction coefficient. The basic fuel injection time TP indicates the fuel injection time required for making the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture fed inside an engine cylinder the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. This basic fuel injection time TP is found in advance by experiment and is stored in the advance in the ROM 32 in the form of a map as shown in FIG. 2 as a function of the absolute pressure PM inside the surge tank 10 and the engine speed N. The correction coefficient K is a coefficient for controlling the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture fed inside the engine cylinder. If K=1.0, the air-fuel mixture fed into the engine cylinder becomes the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. As opposed to this, if K<1.0, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture fed into the engine cylinder becomes larger than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, that is, becomes lean, while if K>1.0, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture fed into the engine cylinder becomes smaller than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, that is, becomes rich. The target air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture to be fed inside the engine cylinder, that is, the value of the correction coefficient K, is changed in accordance with the state of operation of the engine. In the embodiment of the present invention, basically it is determined in advance as a function of the absolute pressure PM in the surge tank 10 and the engine speed N as shown in FIG. 3. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, in the low load operating region on the low load side from the solid line R, K<1.0, that is, the air-fuel mixture is made lean, in the high load operating region between the solid line R and the solid line S, K=1.0, that is, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, and in the full load operating region at the high load side of the solid line S, K>1.0, that is, the air-fuel mixture is made rich. FIG. 4 schematically shows the concentrations of the typical components in exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber 3. As will be understood from FIG. 4, the concentrations of the unburnt HC and the CO in the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber 3 increase the richer the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture fed in the combustion chamber 3. The concentration of the oxygen O2 in the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber 3 increases the leaner the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture fed into the combustion chamber 3. The NOx absorbent 18 housed in the casing 17 for example uses alumina as a carrier and carries on that carrier a precious metal such as platinum Pt and at least one element selected from an alkali metal such as potassium K, sodium Na, lithium Li, and cesium Cs, an alkali earth such as barium Ba and calcium Ca, and a rare earth such as lanthanum La and yttrium Y. If the ratio of the air and fuel (hydrocarbons) fed inside the engine intake passage and the exhaust passage upstream of the NOx absorbent 18 is defined as the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx absorbent 18, the NOx absorbent 18 performs a NOx absorbing and release action wherein it absorbs NOx when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is lean and releases the absorbed NOx when the oxygen concentration in the inflowing exhaust gas falls. Note that when no fuel (hydrocarbons) or air is fed into the exhaust passage upstream of the NOx absorbent 18, the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas matches with the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture fed inside the combustion chamber 3. Accordingly, in that case, the NOx absorbent 18 absorbs the NOx when the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture fed in the combustion chamber 3 becomes lean and releases the absorbed NOx when the oxygen concentration in the air-fuel mixture fed in the combustion chamber 3 falls. If the above NOx absorbent 18 is arranged in the engine exhaust passage, the NOx absorbent 18 actually performs a NOx absorption and release action, but parts of the detailed mechanism behind this absorption and release action are not clear. The absorption and release action, however, can be considered to be performed by the mechanism as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. Next, an explanation will be made of this mechanism taking as an example the case of carrying platinum Pt and barium Ba on the carrier, but the mechanism is similar even when using another precious metal, alkali metal, alkali earth, or rare earth. That is, when the inflowing exhaust gas becomes considerably lean, the oxygen concentration in the inflowing exhaust gas increases by a large margin and, as shown in FIG. 5A, the oxygen O2 adheres to the surface of the platinum Pt in the form of O2 - or O2-. On the other hand, the NOx in the inflowing exhaust gas reacts with the O2 - or O2- on the surface of the platinum Pt to become NO2 (2NO+O2 →2NO2). Next, part of the NO2 which is produced is oxidized on the platinum Pt, absorbed in the absorbent, bonds with the barium oxide BaO, and is diffused inside the absorbent in the form of the nitrate ions NO3 - as shown in FIG. 5A. In this way, the NOx is absorbed in the NOx absorbent 18. So long as the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas is high, NO2 is produced on the surface of the platinum Pt. So long as the NOx absorption capacity of the absorbent is not saturated, the NO2 is absorbed in the absorbent and nitrate ions NO3 - are produced. As opposed to this, when the oxygen concentration in the inflowing exhaust gas falls and the amount of production of NO2 falls, the reaction proceeds in the reverse direction (NO3 - →NO2) and the nitrate ions NO3 - in the absorbent are released from the absorbent in the form of NO2. That is, when the oxygen concentration in the inflowing exhaust gas falls, NOx is released from the NOx absorbent 18. As shown in FIG. 4, if the degree of leanness of the inflowing exhaust gas becomes lower, the oxygen concentration in the inflowing exhaust gas falls. Therefore, by lowering the degree of leanness of the inflowing exhaust gas, the NOx comes to be released from the NOx absorbent 18 even if the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is lean. On the other hand, if the air-fuel mixture fed in the combustion chamber 3 is made rich and the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas becomes rich, then, as shown in FIG. 4, a large amount of unburnt HC and CO are discharged from the engine. The unburnt HC and CO react with the oxygen O2 - or O2- on the platinum Pt and are oxidized. Further, when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas becomes rich, the oxygen concentration in the inflowing exhaust gas falls tremendously, so the NO2 is released from the absorbent. This NO2, as shown in FIG. 5B, reacts with the unburnt HC and is reduced. In this way, when there is no longer any NOx present on the surface of the platinum Pt, the NO2 is successively released from the absorbent. Accordingly, when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is made rich, the NOx is released from the NOx absorbent 18 in a short time. That is, if the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is made rich, first the unburnt HC and CO react immediately with the O2 - or O2- on the platinum Pt to be oxidized, then if there is still unburnt HC and CO left even after the O2 - or O2- on the platinum Pt is consumed, the NOx released from the absorbent and the NOx discharged from the engine are reduced by the unburnt HC and CO. Accordingly, if the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is made rich, the NOx absorbed in the NOx absorbent 18 is released in a short period and the released NOx is reduced, so it becomes possible to prevent the NOx from being released into the atmosphere. Further, the NOx absorbent 18 has the function of a reduction catalyst, so even if the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is made the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, the NOx released from the NOx absorbent 18 is reduced. However, when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is made the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, the NOx is released only gradually from the NOx absorbent 18, so it takes a somewhat long time for all of the NOx absorbed in the NOx absorbent 18 to be released. In this way, when a lean air-fuel mixture is burned, the NOx is absorbed in the NOx absorbent 18. There is, however, a limit to the NOx absorbing ability of the NOx absorbent 18. When the NOx absorbing ability of the NOx absorbent 18 becomes saturated, the NOx absorbent 18 soon can no longer absorb the NOx. Accordingly, it is necessary to cause the NOx to be released from the NOx absorbent 18 before the NOx absorbing ability becomes saturated. Toward this end, it is necessary to estimate to what extent the NOx is absorbed in the NOx absorbent 18. An explanation will be made next of the method of detection of this amount of NOx absorption. When a lean air-fuel mixture is burned, the amount of NOx discharged from an engine per unit time increases the higher the engine load, so the amount of NOx absorbed in the NOx absorbent 18 per unit time increases. Also, the amount of NOx discharged from the engine per unit time increases the higher the engine speed, so the amount of NOx absorbed in the NOx absorbent 18 per unit time again increases. Accordingly, the amount of NOx absorbed in the NOx absorbent 18 per unit time becomes a function of the engine load and engine speed. In this case, the engine load may be represented by the absolute pressure in the surge tank 10, so the amount of NOx absorbed in the NOx absorbent 18 per unit time becomes a function of the absolute pressure PM inside the surge tank 10 and the engine speed N. Therefore, the amount of NOx absorbed in the NOx absorbent 18 becomes a function of the absolute pressure PM in the surge tank 10 and the engine speed N. Accordingly, in this embodiment of the present invention, the amount of NOx NOXA absorbed in the NOx absorbent 18 per unit time is found in advance by experiment as a function of the absolute pressure PM and the engine speed N and the NOx amount NOXA is stored in advance in the ROM 32 in the form of a map as shown in FIG. 6A as a function of PM and N. On the other hand, when the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture fed in the engine cylinder becomes the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich, the NOx is released from the NOx absorbent 18, but the amount of release of NOx at this time is mainly affected by the amount of the exhaust gas and the air-fuel ratio. That is, the more the amount of exhaust gas increases, the more the amount of NOx released from the NOx absorbent 18 per unit time increases, while the richer the air-fuel ratio, the more the amount of NOx released from the NOx absorbent 18 per unit time increases. In this case, the amount of the exhaust gas, that is, the amount of the intake air, can be represented by the product of the engine speed N and the absolute pressure PM in the surge tank 10. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 7A, the amount of NOx NOXD released from the NOx absorbent 18 per unit time increases the greater the N�PM. Further, the air-fuel ratio corresponds to the value of the correction coefficient K, so as shown in FIG. 7B, the amount of NOx NOXD released from the NOx absorbent 18 per unit time increases the greater the value of K. The amount of NOx NOXD released from the NOx absorbent 18 per unit time is stored in advance in the ROM 32 in the form of the map shown in FIG. 6B as a function of N�PM. As explained above, when a lean air-fuel mixture is burned, the amount of NOx absorbed per unit time is expressed by NOXA and when an air-fuel mixture of the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or a rich air-fuel mixture is burned, the amount of NOx released per unit time is expressed by NOXD, so the amount of NOx ΣNOX estimated to be absorbed in the NOx absorbent 18 is expressed by the following equation: &#931;NOX=&#931;NOX+NOXA-NOXD Therefore, in this embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 8, when the amount of NOx ΣNOX estimated to be absorbed in the NOx absorbent 18 reaches the maximum allowable value NMAX, the correction coefficient for the basic fuel injection time TP is made KK1 (>1.0) for the time ti, that is, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made rich temporarily for the time ti, whereby the NOx is made to be released from the NOx absorbent 18. SOx is, however, included in the exhaust gas. Not only the NOx, but also the SOx are absorbed in the NOx absorbent 18. The mechanism of absorption of SOx in the NOx absorbent 18 is considered to be the same as the mechanism of absorption of the NOx. That is, explaining this taking as an example the case of platinum Pt and barium Ba carried on a carrier in the same way as when explaining the mechanism of absorption of NOx, as explained above, when the air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas is lean, the oxygen O2 adheres to the surface of the platinum Pt in the form of O2 - or O2- and the SO2 in the inflowing exhaust gas reacts with the O2 - or O2- on the surface of the platinum Pt and becomes SO3. Next, part of the SO3 produced is absorbed in the absorbent while being further oxidized on the platinum Pt and diffuses in the absorbent in the form of sulfate ions SO4 2- while bonding with the barium oxide BaO to produce a stable sulfate BaSO4. This sulfate BaSO4, however, is stable and difficult to decompose. Even if the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made rich for the short time ti such as shown in FIG. 8, almost all of the sulfate BaSO4 will not be decomposed and will remain as it is. Accordingly, the sulfate BaSO4 increases in the NOx absorbent 18 along with the passage of time and therefore the amount of NOx which can be absorbed by the NOx absorbent 18 gradually falls along with the passage of time. That is, in other words, the NOx absorbent 18 gradually deteriorates along with the passage of time. If the NOx absorbent 18 deteriorates, the amount of NOx which can be absorbed by the NOx absorbent 18 falls, so some sort of countermeasure is required. Accordingly, it is necessary to detect the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18. Therefore, next, an explanation will be made of the method of detection of the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18 according to the present invention. When the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx absorbent 18 is changed from lean to rich, that is, in this embodiment of the present invention, when the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is changed from lean to rich, as mentioned above, the NOx is released from the NOx absorbent 18. At this time, the amount of NOx released from the NOx absorbent 18 is proportional to the amount of unburnt HC and CO in the exhaust gas and an amount of NOx able to provide all of the oxygen needed for oxidizing all of the unburnt HC and CO in the exhaust gas is released from the NOx absorbent 18. Accordingly, at this time, all of the unburnt HC and CO in the exhaust gas are oxidized by the oxygen in the NOx released from the NOx absorbent 18 and, on the other hand, all of the NOx released from the NOx absorbent 18 is reduced. Therefore, at this time, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the NOx absorbent 18 becomes substantially the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Next, when all of the NOx is released from the NOx absorbent 18, the unburnt HC and the CO in the exhaust gas pass through the NOx absorbent 18 without being oxidized and therefore the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the NOx absorbent 18 becomes rich. That is, if the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx absorbent 18 is changed from lean to rich, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the NOx absorbent 18 is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio during the time when the NOx is being released from the NOx absorbent 18. When the action of releasing NOx from the NOx absorbent 18 ends, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the NOx absorbent 18 becomes rich. As mentioned above, however, the amount of NOx which can be absorbed by the NOx absorbent 18 gradually falls along with the deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18 and accordingly the time during which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the NOx absorbent 18 is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx absorbent 18 is changed from lean to rich gradually becomes shorter. This will be explained next with reference to FIG. 9. FIG. 9 shows, by A/F, the changes in the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the NOx absorbent 18 when the correction coefficient with respect to the basic fuel injection time TP is made KK3 (>1.0) for a predetermined fixed time to, that is, when the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made rich for a predetermined fixed time to. Note that in FIG. 9, I indicates when the NOx absorbent 18 is new, II indicates when the NOx absorbent 18 has deteriorated slightly, III indicates when the NOx absorbent 18 has further deteriorated, and IV indicates when the NOx absorbent 18 has completely deteriorated. As shown in FIG. 9, along with the deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18, the time during which the air-fuel ratio A/F of the exhaust gas is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio gradually becomes shorter. When the NOx absorbent 18 completely deteriorates, the air-fuel ratio A/F of the exhaust gas is no longer maintained at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio at all. Accordingly, by detecting the time during which the air-fuel ratio A/F of the exhaust gas is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18 can be detected, but the time during which the air-fuel ratio A/F of the exhaust gas is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio is normally an extremely short time of less than 1 second. If the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18 is calculated from such a short time, the error becomes larger and thus there is the problem that degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18 cannot be accurately judged. Further, sometimes the air-fuel ratio A/F of the exhaust gas becomes rich in a spike-like manner due to some reason or another when the air-fuel ratio A/F of the exhaust gas is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. When such a "rich spike" occurs, the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18 is completely erroneously judged. Whatever the case, it is inherently difficult to judge the degree of deterioration of a NOx absorbent 18 from the tiny changes in the air-fuel ratio AF of exhaust gas in an internal combustion engine, where the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas fixedly fluctuates. In such a case, it is necessary to analyze fluctuations in the air-fuel ratio A/F from a somewhat broader angle where there is no major effect on the judgement of the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18. That is, as will be understood from FIG. 9, if the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18 progresses, the overall pattern of change of the air-fuel ratio A/F of the exhaust gas changes. This overall pattern of change does not change much at all regardless of whether a "rich spike" is caused or is not caused. Accordingly, if the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18 is judged from this overall pattern of change, it becomes possible to relatively accurately judge the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18. As an actual problem, however, it is difficult to judge which pattern of change from I to IV of FIG. 9 the pattern of change of the exhaust gas corresponds to. Therefore, the inventors engaged in studies and as a result discovered that if an O2 sensor 22 which produces a current or voltage proportional to the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas is arranged in the exhaust passage downstream of the NOx absorbent 18, the O2 sensor 22 produces a current or voltage corresponding to the pattern of change of the air-fuel ratio A/F of the exhaust gas. This O2 sensor 22 is comprised of a cup-shaped tubular body made of zirconia on the inside surface and outside surface of which are formed, respectively, an anode and cathode comprised of platinum thin films. The cathode is covered by a porous layer. A fixed voltage is applied across the anode and cathode. FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas contacting the O2 sensor 22 and the current Im (mA) flowing across the anode and cathode. As shown in FIG. 10, in this O2 sensor 22, the larger the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas, the greater the current Im (mA). Note that in this O2 sensor 22, when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (=14.6), a current of about 1.8 mA flows. When the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas becomes richer than a certain degree, the current Im (mA) becomes zero. This O2 sensor 22 is arranged in the exhaust passage downstream of the NOx absorbent 18. As shown in FIG. 9, if the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made rich for a fixed time to, as shown in FIG. 9, the minimum value of the current Im (mA) of the O2 sensor 22, that is, the peak value, becomes smaller the greater the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18. That is, when the NOx absorbent 18 is new, as shown by I, the minimum peak value of the current Im becomes about 1.8 mA. As shown by II and III, the minimum peak value gradually becomes smaller along with the deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18. As shown by IV, the minimum peak value of the current Im becomes zero when the NOx absorbent 18 completely deteriorates. The minimum peak value of the current Im becomes smaller the shorter the time the air-fuel ratio A/F of the exhaust gas is substantially the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, that is, the longer the time during which the air-fuel ratio A/F of the exhaust gas is rich. Accordingly, the minimum peak value of the current Im corresponds to the pattern of change of the air-fuel ratio A/F of the exhaust gas. Of course, even if there is a "rich spike" in the air-fuel ratio A/F of the exhaust gas, there is almost no effect on the minimum peak value of the current Im and accordingly the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18 can be detected considerably accurately. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the current Im flowing across the anode and cathode of the O2 sensor 22 is converted to voltage in the O2 sensor 22 and that voltage is input through a corresponding AD converter 38 to the input port 36. In the electronic control unit 30, the minimum peak voltage Vmin corresponding to the minimum peak value of the current Im shown in FIG. 9 is calculated from this voltage. As shown in FIG. 11A, the smaller the minimum peak voltage Vmin, the greater the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18 that is judged. Further, in this embodiment of the present invention, the maximum allowable value NMAX with respect to the amount of NOx ΣNOX and the rich time ti for release of NOx are controlled based on the minimum peak voltage Vmin. That is, the large the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18, the smaller the amount of NOx which can be absorbed by the NOx absorbent 18 and accordingly the larger the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18, the shorter the time during which the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made rich so as to release the NOx must be made. Therefore, in this embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 11B, the maximum allowable value NMAX is made smaller along with the minimum peak voltage Vmin becoming smaller. Further, the larger the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18, the smaller the amount of NOx absorbed, so as shown in FIG. 11C, the rich time ti for release of NOx is made shorter along with the minimum peak voltage Vmin becoming smaller. In this embodiment of the present invention, the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18 is detected each time for example the vehicle travels 2 to 3 km. The maximum allowable value NMAX and the rich time ti are updated based on the results of the detection. Further, in this embodiment of the present invention, when the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18 exceeds a limit, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made rich and the release of the SOx from the NOx absorbent 18 is caused. Note that even when the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made rich, the SOx is released from the NOx absorbent 18 only a small amount at a time. Accordingly, when the SOx should be released from the NOx absorbent 18, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made rich over a considerably long period. FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 show the routine for control of the air-fuel ratio. This routine is executed by interruption every fixed time period, for example. Referring to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, first, at step 100, the basic fuel injection time TP is calculated based on the relationship shown in FIG. 2. Next, at step 101, it is judged if a deterioration judgement flag showing that the deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18 should be judged is set or not. When the deterioration judgement flag has not been set, the routine proceeds to step 102, where it is judged if a NOx releasing flag showing that the NOx should be released from the NOx absorbent 18 is set or not. When the NOx releasing flag has not been set, the routine proceeds to step 103, where it is judged if an SOx releasing flag showing that the SOx should be released from the NOx absorbent 18 is set or not. When the SOx releasing flag has not been set, the routine proceeds to step 104. At step 104, the correction coefficient K is calculated based on the relationship shown in FIG. 3 based on the operating state of the engine. Next, at step 105, the correction coefficient K is multiplied with the basic fuel injection time TP to calculate the fuel injection time TAU (=TP�K). Next, at step 112, it is judged if a lean air-fuel mixture is currently being burned. When a lean air-fuel mixture is being burned, the routine proceeds to step 113, where the amount of NOx absorbed NOXA per unit time is calculated based on FIG. 6A. Next, the routine proceeds to step 114, where the amount of NOx released is made zero. Next, the routine proceeds to step 117. As opposed to this, when it is judged at step 112 that an air-fuel mixture of the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or a lean air-fuel mixture is currently being burned, the routine proceeds to step 115, where the amount of NOx released per unit time is calculated based on FIG. 6B. Next, the routine proceeds to step 116, where the amount of NOx absorbed NOXA is made zero. The routine then proceeds to step 117. At step 117, the amount of NOx ΣNOX which is absorbed in the NOx absorbent 18 is calculated based on the following equation: &#931;NOX&#8592;&#931;NOX+NOXA-NOXD Next, at step 118, the current vehicle speed SP is added to ΣSP. This ΣSP shows the cumulative running distance of the vehicle. Next, at step 119, it is judged if the amount of NOx ΣNOX has become larger than the maximum allowable value NMAX. When ΣNOX≦NMAX, the routine jumps to step 123, where it is judged if the amount of NOx ΣNOX has become negative. When ΣNOX<0, the routine proceeds to step 124, where the ΣNOX is made zero, then the processing cycle is ended. On the other hand, when it is judged at step 119 that ΣNOX>NMAX, the routine proceeds to step 120, where it is judged if the cumulative running distance ΣSP is larger than the set value Xo. When ΣSP<Xo, the routine proceeds to step 121, where the NOx releasing flag is set. When the NOx releasing flag is set, at the next processing cycle, the routine proceeds from step 102 to step 106, where the correction coefficient KK1 (>1.0) is multiplied with the basic fuel injection time TP to calculate the fuel injection time TAU. Next, at step 107, it is judged if the time ti has elapsed. When the time ti has elapsed, the routine proceeds to step 108, where the NOx releasing flag is reset. Accordingly, while ΣSP<Xo, as shown in FIG. 8, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made rich for the time ti each time ΣNOX>NMAX. During this time, NOx is released from the NOx absorbent 18. On the other hand, when it is judged at step 119 that ΣNOX>NMAX and the routine proceeds to step 120 and when it is judged at step 120 that ΣSP>Xo, the routine proceeds to step 122, where the deterioration judgement flag is set. If the deterioration judgement flag is set, in the routine shown in FIG. 14, a judgement is made of the deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18. That is, FIG. 14 shows the routine for judgement of deterioration which is executed every fixed time period. First, at step 200, it is judged if the deterioration judgement flag has been set. If the deterioration judgement flag has been set, the routine proceeds to step 201, where it is judged if a fixed time has elapsed from when the deterioration judgement flag was set. That is, the NOx releasing flag is set when ΣNOX>NMAX, but normally the NOx absorption capability of the NOx absorbent 18 is still not saturated. Accordingly, at step 201, it is waited until a fixed time elapses until the NOx absorption capability of the NOx absorbent 18 definitely becomes saturated. When the fixed time has not elapsed, the routine proceeds to step 202, where the correction coefficient K is calculated from FIG. 3, then the routine proceeds to step 203, where the fuel injection time TAU (=TP�K) is calculated. Accordingly, at this time, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture becomes the air-fuel ratio determined by the operating state of the engine. On the other hand, when it is judged at step 201 that the fixed time has elapsed, the routine proceeds to step 204, where the correction coefficient KK3 (>1.0) is multiplied with the basic fuel injection time TP to calculate the fuel injection time TAU (=TP�KK3). Next, at step 205, the minimum peak value Vmin of the output voltage of the O2 sensor 22 is calculated. Next, at step 206, it is judged if the fixed time to has elapsed. When the fixed time to has not elapsed, the processing cycle ends. Accordingly, at this time, as shown in FIG. 9, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made rich for a fixed time to and the minimum peak value Vmin corresponding to the minimum peak value of the current Im (mA) during this time is calculated. Accordingly, it becomes possible to calculate the degree of deterioration of the NOx absorbent 18 from the minimum peak voltage Vmin. When it is judged at step 206 that the fixed time to has elapsed, the routine proceeds to step 207, where the maximum allowable value NMAX is calculated from the relationship shown in FIG. 11B based on the minimum peak voltage Vmin. Next, the routine proceeds to step 208, where the rich time ti is calculated from the relationship shown in FIG. 11C based on the minimum peak voltage Vmin. That is, the maximum allowable value NMAX and the rich time ti are updated. Next, at step 209, the deterioration judgement flag is reset, then at step 210, the cumulative running distance ΣSP is made zero. Next, at step 211, it is judged if the minimum peak voltage Vmin becomes smaller than the limit MIN. When Vmin ≧MIN, the processing cycle is ended. As opposed to this, when Vmin <MIN, the routine proceeds to step 212, where the SOx releasing flag is set. If the SOx releasing flag is set, the routine proceeds from step 103 to step 109 of FIG. 12, where the correction coefficient KK2 (>1.0) is multiplied with the basic fuel injection time TP so as to calculate the fuel injection time TAU (=TP�KK2). Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 15, when the SOx releasing flag is set, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made rich. At this time, the degree of richness of the air-fuel ratio is made smaller by the SOx gradually released from the NOx absorbent 18 so that all of the HC and CO can be made to oxidize. At this time too, while the SOx is being released from the NOx absorbent 18, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the NOx absorbent 18 is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Next, when the release of SOx from the NOx absorbent 18 is completed, the output voltage V of the O2 sensor 22 falls. Accordingly, at step 110 in FIG. 12, it is judged if the output voltage V of the O2 sensor 22 has fallen below a fixed voltage Vo. When V<Vo, the routine proceeds to step 111, where the SOx releasing flag is reset. FIG. 16 shows another embodiment. Note that in this embodiment, the same components as in FIG. 1 are shown by the same references. Referring to FIG. 16, in this embodiment too, the exhaust pipe 16 has connected to it a casing 17 housing an exhaust purification element 18. In this embodiment, however, the exhaust purification element 18 is comprised of a three-way catalyst. Further, in this embodiment, in addition to the O2 sensor 22, another O2 sensor 25 is arranged in the exhaust manifold 15. The output of this O2 sensor 25 is input through the corresponding AD converter 38 to the input port 36. This O2 sensor 25 differs from the O2 sensor 22 in that when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas becomes lean, it produces an output voltage of about 0.1 V, while when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas becomes rich, it produces an output voltage of about 0.9 V. In this embodiment, the fuel injection time TAU is calculated basically based on the following equation: TAU=TP�K�FAF Here, TP indicates the basic fuel injection time shown in FIG. 2, K indicates a correction coefficient, and FAF indicates a feedback correction coefficient. The feedback correction coefficient FAF is a coefficient for making the air-fuel ratio accurately match the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio based on the output signal of the O2 sensor 25 when K=1.0, that is, when the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture fed to the engine cylinder should be made the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. This feedback correction coefficient FAF moves above and below the level of substantially 1.0. The FAF decreases when the air-fuel mixture becomes rich and increases when the air-fuel mixture becomes lean. Note that when K<1.0 or K>1.0, FAF is fixed to 1.0. The three-way catalyst 18 has its highest rate of removal of unburnt HC, CO, and NOx when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the three-way catalyst 18, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 16, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture, is made to alternately change between the lean side and rich side with respect to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. This is based on the function of the three-way catalyst 18 of storing oxygen, that is, the so-called O2 storage function. That is, the three-way catalyst 18 seizes the oxygen from inside the exhaust gas and stores it when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas becomes lean. As a result, the NOx is reduced. As opposed to this, when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas becomes rich, the unburnt HC and CO seize the oxygen stored in the three-way catalyst 18 and, as a result, the unburnt HC and the CO are made to be oxidized. In this way, the three-way catalyst 18 removes the unburnt HC, CO, and NOx based on the O2 storage function. When the O2 storage function weakens, the rate of removal falls, that is, the three-way catalyst 18 deteriorates. FIG. 17 shows the case where the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the three-way catalyst 18 is forcibly changed from lean to rich and then from rich to lean as shown by the solid line IN. Note that the broken line OUT shows the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the three-way catalyst 18 at this time. Referring to FIG. 17, if the air-fuel ratio IN of the exhaust gas flowing into the three-way catalyst 18 is changed from lean to rich, during the period in which the oxygen in the exhaust gas is taken into the three-way catalyst 18, the air-fuel ratio OUT of the exhaust gas flowing out from the three-way catalyst 18 is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. Next, when the storage capacity of the oxygen is saturated, the air-fuel ratio OUT of the exhaust gas flowing out from the three-way catalyst 18 becomes rich. Accordingly, the higher the O2 storage capacity, the longer the time during which the air-fuel ratio OUT of the exhaust gas flowing out from the three-way catalyst 18 is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. On the other hand, if the air-fuel ratio IN of the exhaust gas flowing into the three-way catalyst 18 is changed from rich to lean, the air-fuel ratio OUT of the exhaust gas flowing out from the three-way catalyst 18 is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio for the time when the oxygen stored in the three-way catalyst 18 is being consumed. When all of the stored oxygen is consumed, the air-fuel ratio OUT of the exhaust gas flowing out from the three-way catalyst 18 becomes rich. Accordingly, in this case too, the higher the O2 storage capacity, the longer the time during which the air-fuel ratio OUT of the exhaust gas flowing out from the three-way catalyst 18 is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. FIG. 19 shows, by A/F, the changes in the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing out from the three-way catalyst 18 when the correction coefficient with respect to the basic fuel injection time TP is made KKR (>1.0) for a predetermined fixed time to, that is, when the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made rich for a predetermined fixed time to. Note that in FIG. 19, I indicates when the three-way catalyst 18 is new, II indicates when the three-way catalyst 18 has deteriorated slightly, III indicates when the three-way catalyst 18 has further deteriorated, and IV indicates when the three-way catalyst 18 has completely deteriorated. As shown in FIG. 19, along with the deterioration of the three-way catalyst 18, the time during which the air-fuel ratio A/F of the exhaust gas is maintained substantially at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio gradually becomes shorter. When the three-way catalyst 18 completely deteriorates, the air-fuel ratio A/F of the exhaust gas is no longer maintained at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio at all. On the other hand, if the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made rich for the fixed time to as shown in FIG. 19, the minimum peak value of the current Im (mA) of the O2 sensor 22 becomes smaller the larger the degree of deterioration of the three-way catalyst 18 as shown in FIG. 19. That is, when the three-way catalyst 18 is new, as shown by I, the minimum peak value of the current Im becomes about 1.8 mA. Along with the deterioration of the three-way catalyst 18, as shown by II and III, the minimum peak value gradually becomes smaller. When the three-way catalyst 18 completely deteriorates, as shown by IV, the minimum peak value of the current Im becomes zero. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 18, the lower the minimum peak voltage Vmin of the output voltage of the O2 sensor 22 corresponding to the minimum peak value of the current Im, the larger the degree of deterioration of the three-way catalyst 18. FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 show the routine for control of the air-fuel ratio. This routine is executed by interruption every fixed time. Referring to FIG. 20 and FIG. 21, first, at step 300, the basic fuel injection time TP is calculated from the relationship shown in FIG. 2. Next, at step 301, the vehicle speed SP is added to the ΣSP to calculate the cumulative running distance ΣSP. Next, at step 302, it is judged if the cumulative running distance ΣSP has become larger than the set value Xo. When ΣSP≦Xo, the routine proceeds to step 304, where it is judged if a deterioration judgement flag showing that the deterioration of the three-way catalyst 18 should be judged has been set or not. When the deterioration judgement flag has not been set, the routine proceeds to step 305. At step 305, the correction coefficient K is made 1.0. Next, at step 306, the feedback correction coefficient FAF is calculated based on the output signal of the O2 sensor 25. Next, the routine proceeds to step 316, where the fuel injection time TAU is calculated by the following equation: Feedback control is performed so that the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture at this time becomes the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. On the other hand, when it is judged at step 302 that ΣSP>Xo, the routine proceeds to step 303, where a deterioration judgement flag is set, then the routine proceeds through step 304 to step 307. At step 307, it is judged if a fixed time has elapsed from when the deterioration judgement flag was set. When the fixed time has not elapsed, the routine proceeds to step 305, where the correction coefficient K is made KKL (<1.0), then proceeds to step 309, where the feedback correction coefficient FAF is fixed to 1.0. Next, the routine proceeds to step 316. Accordingly, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is maintained lean until a fixed time has elapsed from when the deterioration judgement flag has been set. When it is judged at step 307 that a fixed time has elapsed, the routine proceeds to step 310, where the correction coefficient K is made KKR (>1.0), then proceeds to step 311, where the feedback correction coefficient FAF is fixed to 1.0. Next, at step 312, the minimum peak voltage value Vmin of the output voltage of the O2 sensor 22 is calculated. Then, at step 313, it is judged if the predetermined fixed time to has elapsed or not. When the fixed time has not elapsed, the routine proceeds to step 316. Accordingly, during the fixed time to, the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is made rich and the degree of deterioration of the three-way catalyst 18 from the minimum peak voltage Vmin during that period is judged. When the fixed time to elapses, the routine proceeds from step 313 to step 314, where the deterioration judgement flag is set, then proceeds to step 315, where ΣSP is made zero. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. 21, the degree of deterioration of the three-way catalyst 18 is detected by making the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture rich for a fixed period to, but it is also possible to detect the degree of deterioration of the three-way catalyst 18 by changing the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture from rich to lean for the fixed time to as shown in FIG. 22. In this case, as shown in FIG. 22, the larger the degree of deterioration of the three-way catalyst 18, the higher the maximum peak value of the current Im of the O2 sensor 22. According to the present invention, it is possible to accurately detect the degree of deterioration of an exhaust gas purification element. 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Classification60/276, 60/277International ClassificationF01N11/00, F02D41/14, F01N3/08, F01N3/20, F02D45/00, B01D53/94, F02D41/02, F01N3/24, F01N3/18Cooperative ClassificationY02T10/22, F01N11/007, F02D41/0275, B01D53/9495, F02D41/028, F01N2240/18, Y02T10/47, F01N2570/04, F01N2550/03, F01N3/0842, F01N2550/02European ClassificationF01N3/08B6D, F02D41/02C4D1A, F01N11/00C, F02D41/02C4D1, B01D53/94YLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionJun 22, 1995ASAssignmentOwner name: TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA, JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KIHARA, TETSURO;KATOH, KENJI;ASANUMA, TAKAMITSU;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:007564/0342;SIGNING DATES FROM 19950607 TO 19950609May 15, 2000FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Apr 20, 2004FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8May 16, 2008FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI 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After France, city lad Arjun to represent country in China | punjab | Hindustan Times After France, city lad Arjun to represent country in China A city-based roller hockey player, Arjun Sood, 17, has made Ludhiana proud by representing India in the recently-concluded 20th Senior Men Inline Roller Hockey World Championship at Toulouse, France, held from June 30 to July 13. Updated: Jul 18, 2014 12:44 IST As many as 24 best countries were participating in the event. Although India could not do much in the world championship, Arjun is quite contend with his performance and optimistic to give his best shot at the upcoming Asian Inline Hockey Championship to be held in China on September 15. Sood, who plays at the midfield position, after getting selected during trials in Faridabad on May 17 had attended a seven-day camp, followed by another 12-day camp, prior to the World Series, at Noida. Now, Arjun will be attending a one month-long national camp in August at Sirsa, Haryana, as part of preparation for the upcoming Asian Inline Hockey Championship in September. Sood attributed speed and unavailability of proper infrastructure for the sport in the country as the prime factors for India’s poor show at the World Series. However he maintained, “We have certainly improved upon our game on the international platform from the last couple of years, and would continue to produce results in the future.” As many as 16 other players from the country also participated in the world championship. Besides, Sood was the youngest player after Raghav, 15, in the senior Indian inline hockey squad. “My coach and mentor, Balwinder Singh, and Harpreet Singh, have been really helpful and source of inspiration throughout my career. I am really impressed with the way Amit Sharma, captain of the Indian team, co-ordinates and manages the team.” more from punjab May 28, 2017 11:05 IST

Discover Nusa Dua | Booking.com Don’t miss out on Nusa Dua! Top spot for relaxation, beaches and sandy beaches. 24,753 hotel reviews 2,785 verified B&B and Inn reviews 2,517 holiday rentals reviews The area around Pandawa Beach is highly rated by travellers for friendly locals, nature and surfing. Travellers choose the area around Geger Beach for relaxation, sandy beaches and beaches. Enjoy relaxation, beaches and tranquillity during your next trip to the area around Bali International Convention Centre! Travellers choose the area around Bebek Bengil Nusa Dua for relaxation, beaches and sandy beaches. Enjoy beaches, relaxation and sandy beaches during your next trip to the area around Monument Veteran! Tanjung Benoa - the ideal getaway for relaxation, beaches and water sports! Don’t miss out on Sawangan! Top spot for relaxation, beaches and sandy beaches. Travellers choose BTDC for relaxation, beaches and tranquillity. 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Customer service and food brilliant.” “The rooms are so beautyful and the breakfast is really good” Located on an unspoilt private beachfront, Grand Aston Bali Resort offers well-appointed rooms and warm Balinese hospitality. “The Aston was amazing! The location, the staff, the pool was georgeus!! God breakfast, and bars in the hotel. Highly Reccommend!” “Staff were very friendly and helpful. Hotel and grounds were maintained to a high level. Rooms and facilities were excellent” A tropical getaway with direct beach access awaits guests at Samabe Bali Suites & Villas, a 15-minute drive from Nusa Dua. “I loved this hotel! It's clean, the staff is very helpful, it is located in a quiet area but close to the street with all the restaurants. They also have a transport to the private beach and the spa is clean and offers real good massages, I recommend the cream bath. For us it was the perfect place to relax and discover the area.” “Overall everything was fine. 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Stuff cleaned room everyday and let the AC work, so we came back to cool and clean room, even towels were washed with clothes softener so smell was very nice. Super friendly stuff who can help you with all your problems (they can book any activity for you for free and recommend good places you should visit in Bali). Breakfast are 3 choices at the menu and very delicious, coffee and juice are available during the whole day for free. The best beach is only 10 minutes away by car (which was also provided for free by hotel). Totally recommend everyone to come here!” “All staff were extremely helpful and friendly, the access to beach club was fantastic.” “Suites with a pool are fantastic! they are big, cozzy and with all the amenities you could need.Room service is great at any time day or night (3am sea food salad is a must) love it in general.bed is big and mattress in good shape.Great place to disconnect from everything.” Rumah Bali is situated 150 m from the beaches of Tanjung Benoa. Designed in a traditional Balinese style, the hotel features an outdoor pool and 2 restaurants. “Excellent room and pool and also breakfast was amazing. Staff all really friendly.” Only a 15-minute drive from Nusa Dua, the beachfront Samabe Bali Villas features a private beach area with on-site water sport facilities including windsurfing, canoeing and snorkelling. Located in Nusa Dua, Peninsula Bay Resort offers a modern and elegant beachfront stay featuring an outdoor swimming pool, an on-site restaurant, and on-site watersport activities. “massages awesome food delicioous staff amazing and helpful” Located along the shores of Nusa Dua Beach, The Royal Santrian offers free shuttle services and free Wi-Fi. “Amazing large villas with private pool, in a context of a small property: lot of silence and tranquillity! Long relaxing swimming pool Clean sea, much better than the other side of the island Amazing staff and service: really pampered Great tapas at lunch!” “great breakfast, nice staff and swimming pool” Relaxing stays await at The Bali Khama, which features a restaurant by its private beachfront and a first-rate spa. It has an Olympic-sized pool and free shuttle to Nusa Dua. “This was my third stay at Bali Khama. The staff are outstanding and the resort is intimate and quiet. Close to great eating places and across the road from what I consider one of the best day spas in Bali. I would recommend the Bali Khama to anyone wanting good value for a great experience.” “Location was great, own villa but close to the beach. Staff very welcoming and attentive. Loved have a separate lounge from the bedroom which was great when having room service.” “The hotel offers great facilities: 2 swimming pools (1 infinity pool), private beach with sun beds, bamboo bar with great view at the beach and a gym. The staff is very very friendly and hospitable. We prefered breakfast at the beach, however the breakfast at Kakatua was also good. The room was spacious, clean and the bed is heavenly. We would like to thank all staff for a great stay!” “Beds are nice and comfy. Large gardens and well maintained. Good spa.” “The staff were friendly and helpful. The location was away from tourist spots but only a short $10 ride to the shopping centres and made it quiet and relaxing. We stayed in a room with a private pool was amazing. The restaurant was great food and cheap.” Perched on a cliff overlooking Sawangan Beach, Ulu Segara Luxury Suites & Villas offers a luxurious retreat with free scheduled shuttle service to Nusa Dua area. “The most friendly and helpful staff ever The breakfast (top bakery) The bed The bathtub The swimming pool” The Wangsa Benoa offers luxurious, air conditioned rooms and villas set within sprawling gardens. “For this range of price, this is the best hotel we ever stay so far The Location is perfect, in nusa dua area, directly in front of the CONRAD Hotel Parking area is huge, we can play football there The Pool is directly in front of our room, big and nice The Room is unbelievable big, there are a working area with working table, couch and cabinet, then there are a big bedroom with sofa We are 2 adult and 2 kids who like to running around, but there still more space for us. Bathroom is great, there are big washtafel, shower and bathup, they put television for bathup also, which is very nice for relax. Breakfast, is also great, they give 3 option for menu, continental, oriental and indonesian We can also add coffe, tea and fruit for free All is served directly in our room. We definitely will stay here Maybe for gathering with friends and family also.” A tropical retreat awaits guests at Tanadewa Luxury Villas & Spa, a 15-minute drive from Jimbaran Bay. The resort boasts a spa and luxurious villas with private plunge pools. “Everything from start to finish was just perfect. The villa staff were amazing and helped us with anything we needed. They provided a shuttle for us whenever possible, sometimes free and sometimes with a small charge but nonetheless very accommodating and no more than the price of a taxi. One night they recommended we ate at Bumbu Bali and it was simply amazing! We stayed in the 2 bedroom villa which was unbelievable.” “We loved our stay at villa George's. The location was fantastic, so close to the beach and all the local restaurants. The staff at the villa were so friendly and nice, always making sure we had everything we needed. We will definitely be coming back to stay again :)” “Its a cool place with privacy plus of course the accomodating STAFFS” Enjoying a hilltop location, Sekar Nusa Villas enjoys views of the garden and free WiFi. It offers a spa and luxurious villas with private pools or spa baths. “The rooms and premises are beautiful” “It’s such a coincidence when I was looking for an accommodation on last days of my honeymoon trip in Bali. After almost a week I stayed in same hotel, my husband and I decided to look for another hotel which is far from the hustle bustle tourist area; and we found Tjendana Villa. The staff & manager were very friendly. It was sweet to find a couple of swan towel with rose petal on our bed. Another surprise was the bathtub that was full of flowers. Actually we didn’t expect those things since we made last minute booking. Those made my day! Thank you for the romantic surprise. We are planning to come back to Tjendana Villa on next wedding anniversary!” Situated on a hill in Jimbaran, Paradise Loft Villas features 1 or 2-bedroom villas with a private pool. Free WiFi access is available in all areas. “Mostly i really love the harbour view from my living room especially at night.. I can see all around Denpasar,,Sanur,,Kuta and airport area. I really love to stay here.!” A 5-minute drive from Tanjung Benoa Beach, Bali Relaxing Resort and Spa houses an outdoor swimming pool and 2 dining options. It offers free shuttle services to Tanjung Benoa and Nusa Dua. “Fab location on beach. More character than big faceless expensive hotels. Staff v friendly” “Wonderful staff everywhere,would do anything to help you.Also,best mattresses and pillows,and we have try many,so comfortable.” “Bali is so busy these days so we found this property a quiet haven, private beach , fabulous food, staff were just so helpful and went out of their way to assist us on several occasions ..such value for money ...very clean and amazing breakfasts included..we will be going back..” “We wanted to write a highly appreciative review for the staff of Asmara, This was one of our best vacations in no small part due to the fantastic location of the villa. We would like to highly recommend our butler who quickly became a good friend, Arya. Our driver Romie was always available with the right suggestion to fill any time gaps we had. Susie was always cleaning up behind up and ensured we had a exceptionally pleasant stay. Our thanks to chef Butu for accommodating our taste buds and cooking up a delicious breakfast day after day. In all we thank the management and staff for a unique stay. Thank you!” The Segara Suites is a beachfront apartment building located along Seaside Tanjung Benoa Beach in Nusa Dua. “big and comfortable. whole family could live together” Nusa Dua Retreat Resort features villas with private pools and rooftop decks. It offers a free two-way shuttle to Kutuh Beach, just 5 minutes’ drive away. “I liked everything about our stay. The location was a bit off the main tourist route, but a rented motorcycle made life very easy. Would not hesitate to stay here again” “To be honest, EVERYTHING!!! Amazing hotel, caring and super friendly staff, Great location, beautiful room, super clean (I loved my big bed: soft linen, lovely soft towels), delicious food, amazing view from the Sky roof terrace... I felt very cozy, I had a fantastic holiday!!” Ion Bali Benoa boasts a restaurant and an outdoor pool with a swim-up bar. It offers free shuttle service to Tanjung Benoa Beach, a 3-minute drive away. Free WiFi is accessible in all areas. “In love with this place. The most kind people I had opportunity to met in Bali. Very kind staff, talktive, friendly approach. Rooms had very good equipment and clean. Pool was not busy. It was at centre, very close to the beach and ohter water sports. Possibility to go shopping souvenirs, food, visit restaurants,... Shuttle service was perfect. Menu was also awesome, the best mashroom soup and iced cappucino I ate there. These people changed my mind about Balinesse people! :) would like to come back to visit them!” “all of it..foods and services and facilities and staff..totally worth it and perfect!” “top friendly staff all of them” Situated within a peaceful district in Nusa Dua, Ellies Hotel offers added privacy with a rooftop terrace, landscaped pool and poolside café. “Wonderful, friendly, and helpful staff! Rooms were big, high-quality, and beautiful. Bathrooms very clean and well-stocked. Some funky bars right around the corner. We only had one night there on a lay-over to NYC, so check in time was 11pm and check out time was 12pm the next day (some sort of special deal specifically for lay-overs). Perfect hotel for a late night lay-over. Excellent experience and we would definitely stay there again.” “Big clean bed, good shower, tradicional balinese breakfast, very nice staff, minimarket nearby, very good price.” Offering free Wi-Fi access, Timbis Homestay Bali offers accommodations in Nusa Dua. “The the cottage like rooms are awesome. It's just so perfect. Manuh, the owner itself is so accomodating. He sees to it that the guest are ok and comfortable. They seemed to be my family for 2 days i was there. Thank you, Manuh! - Diane, 30, Ph” Situated in Nusa Dua, Villa Anjing offers a private stay with an outdoor pool nestled within tropical gardens. The charming villa also features a gazebo and Balinese-inspired interiors. “Such friendly staff, everything perfect!” “Staff were nice and place was clean” A 10-minute walk from Tanjung Benoa Beach, Kubu Garden features a gazebo and a large garden. A tour desk and free parking spaces are available on site. Wi-Fi is also accessible for free in all areas. “The rooms are very nice and big, but more important, very very clean. The courtyard is very nice and very relaxing. On top of this the owners Madi and Kadek are the most warm people me and my husband ever met. And we travel a lot! They are very welcoming and they will make your stay perfect. My husband and i arrived at the vila at 1 am in the morning, we were hungry and they made us some great food at that late hour. The breakfast has many selections and it is very good and fresh. We had one of our best stay in Bali and if we will ever get back we will go to Kubuk for sure. Highly recomended!” “I had a good experience and the staff were so friendly and welcoming.” “Amazing staff. Great location. Modern and simple. Great price with nice breakfast include” Located in Nusa Dua, 2.4 km from Bali International Convention Centre, Core Hotel Benoa boasts a year-round outdoor pool and views of the sea. Some rooms have a seating area for your convenience. “The staff of the hotel is brilliant. They helped us to find our forgotten reading glasses from the DPS airport. Thank you a lot! The hotel itself is clean, the rooms are comfortable. Great location near the ocean.” “This is a new lovely hotel, everything was perfect for me, fast check in & check out, nice welcoming drinks, the hotel is very clean, quiet, well designed, still in construction process but if you wake up before 9 am that wouldn’t be a problem, big swimming pool, very helpful friendly staff, some staff needs improvement in their English.” Offering a terrace and views of the sea, La Orein Residence is set in the Pratama district in Nusa Dua. “Very Humble Staff, Every morning they will ask you about your plans and will help accordingly.” D&G Villas Nusa Dua offers stylish accommodation with free Wi-Fi access and a private pool. A video projector with a screen is provided. “Property was excellent. Hosts were very friendly and accomodating” “The staff was super nice, probably the nicest I have seen. They had decent shampoo and conditioner in the bathroom. The room had a little desk area, balcony, and a nice separate shower.” “So comfortable, grounds are so beautiful and well maintained. Good location near lots of restaurants and only a short journey to the nicer beaches. Wonderful staff! Staff member that plays the guitar and sings in the evening is very talented (didn't get his name)” “The staff is extremely friendly and helpful. Very peaceful place and clean rooms.” “Staff, ambience, cleanliness & location excellent. Excellent value for money. Loved it so much we extended our stay.” “The villa is large and so much more to explore. I believe for most the swimming pool are very impressive, you can access to the swimming pool from any direction of the villa if you want, meaning the villa is almost surrounded by the pool. Bed is comforting, decoration are lovely, villa is very large and have all possible facilities, wall on every side of the villa, blind you from the outside, but feel very private, which for people who like quite, like me, is a PRO.” “Excellent location near water side. Nice villas with Cleanliness & very cooperative staff makes our stay awesome & very comfortable.” “Everything, YES I mean everything in the villa” “Exceptional Service, Very friendly and go above and beyond to ensure their guests have a great stay! Highly recommended.” Vinila Nusa Dua Villas is situated in Nusa Dua, 1.4 km from Geger Beach, famous for its pristine white sand. The accommodation boasts an outdoor pool, in-villa dining, and massage service. “The breakfast is so great, we have our own swimming pool.” “The location is excellent. Location near main road, where few shops located walking distance. In front of the hotel, have ATM, money exchange, mini mart and few 'warung'.” A 3-minute walk from Benoa Beach, Puri Clinton Bali is a modern property with free Wi-Fi access in all areas. A private terrace or balcony with garden views is attached to each room. “Very friendly personnel. Clean and cosy place for a great price!” “Very basic 2 star accommodation. Get what you pay for basically. Relatively centrally located.” “Everything was perfect, an outstanding resort with gorgeous garden&pool villas. Extraordinary personnel which was always smiling and helpful for whatever we needed. A truly luxury villa resort with 5 star services and restaurant at all times. The spa is absolutely fantastic and relaxing. Overall a truly romantic escape ...quiet...gorgeous....relaxing...intimate...just perfect!” Located in Nusa Dua, 13 km from Kuta, Villa Anjing 2 boasts an outdoor pool and barbecue. Ubud is 38 km from the property. Free WiFi is featured throughout the property. “I spent a few days there and I had a very good time. The staff working at the villa is exceptionally friendly and the location is well maintained and quiet. Have a meal made by Ayu, she is a really good cook. The villa is located in a strategic position if you want to visit the beautiful beaches to the south of Bali.” “A nice accommodation with a cheap price, a very good and clean room, convenient location (15 minutes walk to the beach), but the best part was the amazing hostess! We came late in the evening, she gave us a light dinner for free, provided us with all the necessary info, the next morning her son took us to the beach by car just to show the location, and we also got fantastic and relaxing massage by her!!! The atmosphere in the house is very cosy, as if you are at home! Everything was so great! Next time if we come there again we will stay in Clamonic House!” “Friendly staff, nice room and external area.” “The hotel was great - clean, very comfortable and nice. The garden with pool was amazing. Rich breakfast and nice staff and you can rent moto in the hotel. Everything was perfect :-)” “I'd like to say thank you for the best Villa I never had. Everything is awesome” Located in Nusa Dua, White Rock Lodge offers an outdoor pool, free Wi-Fi access in a cosy and modern atmosphere. “Great value for money, no frills but everything you need to have a comfortable and quit stay.” “Excellent property and ambience was great. The USP (Unique selling point)is its excellent private pool and open dining and private bar. villa is equipped with Microwave oven, Fridge, cooking facility etc. I wish to stay at this place again if I get a chance to go to Bali. It's perfect for young and mature couple. Clean calm quiet.” “We stayed at Mulias Homestay for 3 weeks and everything was perfect. The bungalow and bathroom are perfectly clean, the AC, TV and WIFI work well. The terrace and garden are very nice, too. There are two sweet and entertaining dogs in the garden. Made and Mulia do everything to make your stay comfortable. When we arrived they fixed our mosquito net for us in the bungalow. Mulias food is delicious, we had breakfast and dinner there everyday and she would also prepare us food for some trip. Made took us to several all-day trips with his car for a very good price and showed us around the island. You can rent a scooter or bike at the homestay and reach all the beaches of Bukit within 30 minutes. The closest two beaches are about 7 minutes away (by scooter) and are the ones we liked best. The scooters are in very good conditions and the price is cheap. They also picked us up & dropped us at the airport for about 14€. Thank you very much Mulia and Made for the wonderful stay!! Hope to see you again! Rosemarie and Manu” Just 100 metres from a beach with water sports facilities, this walled residence offers privacy in peaceful tropical gardens. “Like a unit with balcony, fridge n dining area, sitting area, tv, big room” “The personal butlers were very good. Thank you Marga, Julian and Pande” The 21 Lodge offers modern accommodation and is a 5-minute drive from the sandy Nusa Dua Beach. It has a garden, a 24-hour front desk and free parking on site. “Location to 5 star resort for conference Friendly staff” “Homestay hospitality with 5star hotel service. Best value for money in Nusa dua! King size bed, maximum quite location, breakfast included. Will stay here next time!” “Villa Anjing is a beautiful property with the most wonderful staff imaginable. A perfect spot to put your feet up and relax. The property consists of the main house, set in luxuriant gardens and with a spectacular pool with views of the sea with beautiful thatched bungalows in the main grounds. There are two additional villas with private garden and pool (Villa Nusa having the larger pool, and Villa Dua). These don't have views as such, but offer a perfect slice of your own private Eden. The property is set away from the town, in a semi-rural location, wonderfully quiet and with plenty of birds and butterflies to help with the day dreaming. The nearby beach is easily accessible with the resort's car (5 minutes) or with a rented motorbike (for those without babies). We stayed in one of the villas, Villa Nusa, with our two young children and had a wonderful time. Paul and Caroline are the owners and from the minute we arrived were friendly and very welcoming. We had the very capable manager, Coles, to see to all our needs, and he was fantastic. From organising timing of breakfast to getting lifts to nearby Nusa Dua for lunch or dinner, everything was arranged for us to perfection. Had we got tired of swimming in the pool watching spectacular butterflies, we had day trips available pretty much anywhere in Bali. We did go on two day trips to sites that interested us and we note that Coles is an excellent driver. Food is great at the resort. Restaurants nearby (including at Nusa Dua and at the beach) are very good. Lovely massages at the resort and more extensive spas can be arranged close by. Unlike at the more expensive resorts, beer, soft drinks etc are priced similarly to outside the resort, so just put your feet up! The description of the bathrooms at the time of booking is that they are outdoors. I was mildly concerned about this, but trust me, they are not "outhouses". Beautiful and luxurious. We will definitely visit again.” “Mr Eddy are soooooo nice, he is trying his best to make us feel at home. We did feel very comfortable and enjoyed the time spending with him. Thanks to Mr Donny 's help also! In general, it was a wonderful experience that we can rarely find anything to complain about.” “It was an amazing experience to have a vacation in such great villa. 1.the villa is near the pandawa beach so you can see the ocean from the villa, it's a so great view 2.the staff in the villa was really nice！one of my us had a fever during our vacation and they took good care of him. If you need help just tell them and they will get everything ready for you! 3.the villa had two very great swimming pools just next to a wonderful living room. It's very suitable for having a party there 4. all the rooms were big and clean 5.the villas are located in a very secret area so it's very quiet and you dont need worry about noisy 6.everything was prefect!” “Excellent quality accommodation/villa Friendly staff Stunning pool Chef's cooking was excellent” Located just a 15-minute drive from the picturesque Geger Beach in Nusa Dua, Mesten Tamarind Hotel Nusa Dua offers modern and stylish accommodation with an outdoor pool, free WiFi access throughout... “It is an amazing place with very kind people and very good vibe. I found my peace in there!” “Close to the beach, clean rooms and helpfull housekeeper Kadek. Nice place to spend few days in Nusa Dua. I`ve been surprised, that it`s looking better than at photos.” “Everything!! Very cute, comfy, and homey place to stay. Ketut was very kind, informative and welcoming (even when I arrived very late at night). Yummy simple breakfast fruit, juice, cookies. Make your own coffee/tea in room (first for me in Bali). Scooter rental. Drying rack. Strategic location, middle of South Bali so close to a different beach in any direction.” “The Villa is located a few minutes outside of Nusa Dua up a hill that reminded of beverlly hills. Incredible villa that offered tons of space for 6 people! We can only recommend the stay since it was really really nice! The housekeeper takes you to scooter rentals which we would recommend” “The room was ok, quite big and clean. but if can the bathroom you need to decorate it. not just white The Staff quite friendly, but perhaps can prepare them a simple conversation in english.” “From the hotel room, location, price and staff was all excellent. Me and my family thoroughly enjoyed our stay at Rantun's Place and would highly recommend regardless if your travelling alone or with your family. Thank you Rantun's Place, you made our holiday extra special!” “For the price I pay the breakfast was ah! ok..infront of the door by the sound of the singing birds.. The beach and facilities and clubs is across the road yet you dont feel the hassle when you're in the pondok..” “It was awesome! No have time to stay more. Alex good host, Ari and Wayan thank you for your kind and tasty breakfast!” “Quiet clean natural place, very friendly staff and girl who work there were very nice, they give us free toiletries, room with good AC and just cross the street you will see beach for watersports” “I really liked the room and the tv room, very clean and comfortable.” “It was a great place to stay if you want to relax and just reconnect. We had a really relaxing family holiday. The staff were very helpful in organising things we needed.” “The property was conveniently located near the beach with many activities nearby. All Inclusive deals are well worth it. Great staff and room facilities are kept neat.” Melia Bali Indonesia features 5 restaurants, a large lagoon swimming pool and a tropical landscaped garden. “It is a lovely hotel. The breakfast had a very large variety of options. The beach is also very nice.” “Staff is what makes this hotel. They are fantastic. As value for money, this could hardly be any better. This is a hotel that actually tries hard.” “The location was perfect and very cozy. Very comfortable for family even with children below 10 years old.” “I like how clean my room and how nice the view.” Conrad Bali is a luxurious beachfront resort with access to the sandy beach. Its enormous outdoor pool is open to guests 24 hours. “Hotel yang nyaman fasilitas sesuai dengan harganya, staff ramah, breakfast enak, kolam renang luas, kamar tidak berisik... overall is very good” “Location, hotel, Beach, the staff” “The hotel iself is just amazing. Style is unique and Staff is very nice. Breakfast is just perfect, not telling about swimming pool which was fantastic to my children. I do recomment surfing lessons on the hotel beach.” Boasting seaside accommodation along Tanjung Benoa Beach, Sol Beach House Benoa Bali All Inclusive by Melia Hotels International is nestled within tropical gardens. “Clean spacious room. Big pool and nice pool bar staff. Liked that it is on the beach.” Directly on the stunning beachfront of Nusa Dua, The St. Regis Bali Resort is a luxurious property featuring a full spa and outdoor lagoon pool. A free two-way airport shuttle is provided. “Attention to detail is second to none” “Staff attitude. All staffs in the hotel is very friendly, very well trained in what hospitality is, very different from many other " luxury " hotel ! Well done !” “The breakfast buffet was great!!” “The staff are very friendly and they always maintain the cleanliness of the rooms. I always booked in Mercure Nusa Dua whenever I visit Bali” Amarterra Villas Bali Nusa Dua - Mgallery Collection features spacious villas with a private pool and free Wi-Fi. “Located in Nua Dusa, just a few steps away from Bali Collection, a nice shopping Mall, Amarterra Villas MGallery is offering beautiful villas allowing us to relax and enjoy nice moments. We were for 6 nights at Lily 2, which we enjoyed so much. A short walk leads to one of the most beautiful sand beaches Bali offers to those enjoying swimming and surfing. A reserved space for Amarterra guests, offering comfortable sun chairs and a beautiful immense tree spending shadow. But most important for us: the staff is really and except less more than friendly and attentive. To be served for breakfast by Gun, one of the best waighter we ever met, makes become every day unforgettable and full of sunshine. We will for sure return to this amazing place.” Boasting an outdoor pool, Ibis Styles Bali Benoa is located within a 5-minute drive from Bali Collection shopping area. It has 2 dining options, a gym and modern rooms with en suite bathrooms. “Fantastic Hotel -great location !” “The room Was really good we had no problem with the service and the breakfast choice was great too. Overall a lovely resort.” “Superb!! Loved everything about this hotel. We had a good balance for us and the kids. We got a Deluxe Ocean Front room but was upgraded to a Suite with our own plunge pool! Amazing room with kids and I wished we stayed longer. It's big enough like a villa, also had a little garden. The breakfast was beyond amazing. Excellent choices for everyone, fresh juice bar! We will be back!” “Nice and quiet place! Cozy rooms and garden with little pool.” “facillities fitness en restaurants, service and quality of everything including the food outlets.” “The villa is really beautiful and is in prime location. The beach is 5 minutes walk from the villa. The villa had all the facilities. The housekeeping staff and the manager was really down to earth and extremely helpful to us.” “Good combination of low price, quality and good location. About 10 minutes on foot to get to the beach. If you have a bike - even closer.” “Owner was very helpfull, very clean and new accomodation.” Offering beachfront accommodation, Holiday Inn Resort Bali Benoa features 4 outdoor pools including a kid's pool with slides and water bucket. It has a fitness centre, a spa centre and a mini market. “Very afforable for 5 star accomadation. Staff very friendly.” “Very good location near the beach in very touristic aria,nice and clean room,good air-con,free drinking water,tea,coffee ,hot shower,good wi if in the room nice people” “Everything especially the staff and staff leader Adi” “Everything! Clean, affordable, good location, friendly! Definitely recommend it also for more nights!” “Attractive villa close to centre and beach. Ideal for a large family or a group of friends who need 4 bedroom accommodation.” 567007,275824,562707,560747,550797,563647,563687,563577,570177,568377|2,568377,563637,563597,569137,568377|1,563557,548877,563267,565827,563607,565637,560747|1,558517,563617,563627,556487

London New Finance Pages - London New Finance (London, England) - Meetup London New Finance Pages You may view videos from past meetups on the pages below: 2013-04 Hedge Fund Technology Seminar videos 2013-03 Working Capital Platforms 2013-02 Challenger Banks videos 2013-01 Big Data in Finance 2012-12 Social Media in Finance videos 2012-11 Digital Money videos 2012-10 FinTech Strategic Space videos 2012-09 The FinTech Funding landscape videos 2012-07 July Financial Innovation seminar videos 2012-06 June Financial Innovation seminar videos 2012-05 May Financial Innovation seminar videos 2012-04 April Financial Innovation seminar videos

Yasser Arafat's Mixed Legacy | Fox News Yasser Arafat's Mixed Legacy RAMALLAH, West Bank – Hunted as a terrorist, hailed as a peacemaker, Yasser Arafat (search) succeeded in forcing the Palestinian tragedy upon the world's conscience but failed to deliver the independent state his people yearned for. There was Arafat on the run from both Israeli and Arab armies; Arafat, reviled as godfather of the terrorism that blew up jetliners and killed Israeli Olympic athletes; Arafat addressing the United Nations, offering the gun or olive branch; Arafat in a bunker in bomb-torn Beirut, and in Oslo receiving the Nobel Peace Prize (search); Arafat welcomed by President Clinton, then shunned by President Bush (search). There was Arafat the virtual president of Palestine, and finally, in a sense, Arafat back at square one — besieged in his devastated West Bank headquarters by Israeli tanks and threatened once more with exile. Many suspected Arafat of duplicity — disavowing terrorism while orchestrating attacks behind front- groups; talking peace while allowing Palestinian media to spread hate propaganda; issuing murky statements phrased to accommodate the West without angering Arab hard-liners. Alongside such displays of fortitude, a streak of vanity was evident. He liked to be called "Mr. President," even when he had no country to preside over. He surrounded himself with trappings of statehood — marching bands and motorcades — long before he tackled Gaza City's garbage problem. A protruding lower lip made him look petulant when angry. He often managed to turn military defeat into political victory. Driven out of Jordan in 1970, he set up a state-within-a-state in Lebanon. Twelve years later Israeli troops ousted him from his base in Beirut. He regrouped his fighters in northern Lebanon, only to be chased out again — this time by Syrian-backed PLO rebels. When he finally settled in distant Tunisia, he remained the unrivaled leader of the Palestinian cause. Israelis and PLO officials haggled and gesticulated before their embarrassed sponsors — until Arafat was finally persuaded to sign. Arafat showed little affection for his family in public — it was weeks before he was seen cradling Zahwa for the first time, and Suha Arafat frequently complained she was cut off from him by his aides. She and her daughter moved to France after the second Palestinian uprising erupted in the fall of 2000.

ISBN: 0785703551 Title: Mexico: the People (the Lands Peoples and Cultures) Good. [ No Hassle 30 Day Returns ] [ Edition: first ] Publisher: Crabtree Pub Co Pub Date: 10/1/1993 Binding: Paperback Pages: 32. Title: Mexico, the People Title: Mexico the People: the People (Lands Peoples and Cultures) Good. [ No Hassle 30 Day Returns ] [ Edition: first ] Publisher: Crabtree Pub Co Pub Date: 12/1/1993 Binding: Hardcover Pages: 32. You save: $23.93 (95%) Title: Mexico the People: the People (Lands, Peoples, and Cultures) Title: Mexico the People-the Lands, Peoples, and Cultures Series Publisher: Crabtree Publishing., Description: Illustrated. Very Good. No Jacket. Hard Back. 4to-over 9�"-12"... Illustrated. Very Good. No Jacket. Hard Back. 4to-over 9�"-12" tall. X-Library with normal flaws....Reinforced binding.......The hard cover has light shelf wear....................Check out our books on tape....We ship everyday or next day.........We are very careful when we list our books, but sometimes something minor may get by. 9781439592397 ISBN: 143959239X

Kayla Cloud, Office Manager & Tax Preparer at Magee Income Tax & Accounting BP USES THE BASIC CULTURES AROUND TO PROCESS THEIR CONCERNS. THE FOLLOW STRICT GUIDELINES ON LEGAL CONCERNS &amp; INFLUENCES, MAKE SURE THEY HOLD UP BEING ACCOUNTABLE TO THE COMMUNITIES. THEY FOLLOW THE BASIC PLANNING BY ORGANIZATIONAL PLANS, STRATEGIC PLANNING, TACTICAL PLANNING, OPERATIONAL PLANNING AND CONTINGENCY PLANNING. (BP’s Chief Executive,2010) stated in a letter in regards to the oil spill that devastated the gulf coast, “ The explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil platform and the consequent oil spill were terrible events that should never have happened”.(p. 2) Since the spill bp has come up with a new code of conduct that has the hopes to prevent this from happening ever again. Chief Executive Bob Dudley made this statement in reference to the new code of conduct. ” Effective 1 January 2012, the new BP Code of Conduct sets the standard we all work to. It is aligned with our values, group standards and legal requirements, and clarifies the ethics and compliance expectations for everyone who works at BP. The Code reflects a values-based approach, where rules are not stated explicitly and everyday business decisions will be guided by our values.” Direct Quote from BP’s webpge @http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/about-bp/our-history/history-of-bp.html, shows where they have stuck to their guns, and follow thick rooted history that has passed through from generation to generation. The deep water horizon explosion is what bp uses as a guideline of what not to do. They now use the influences such as employee safety, public safety, disaster, civil damages and penalties that could happen again in the event of another disaster and consider this to be a contribution to management decision making. BP ’ will however remain focused, all issues will be prioritized and handled accordingly. In the 2012 annual report, Dwayne Baraka, Business Support and Development Director for Business in the Community of bp gave the above list of how BP will handle legal concerns by matter of importance. BP’s strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning has been under revisionment since the events on the Deep Water Horizon disaster. It appears that they are attempting to correct the previous wrongs and make a contingency plan that will make sure this does not happen again. Xmgt230 week 4 assignment bp’s 3 Organization methods • Our Upstream segment is responsible for our activities in oil and natural gas exploration, field development and production, and midstream • Our Downstream segment is the product and service-led arm of BP, focused on fuels, lubricants and petrochemicals • Sustainable energy - sustainable business. We have a single aim - to identify and grow low-carbon businesses in which we have core skills and advantages and which can offer a material contribution to - and strategic fit with - the growth agenda of BP. BP Alternative Energy may be focused on the newest forms of fuel and power, but it draws on the traditional strengths that BP has built up over a century of finding, producing and delivering  bp now focuses on preventing accidents of any kind. Their new code of conduct is built solely around keeping them from happening, with a contingency plan in place, in  To be a trusted company, year after year, we need to to a consistent and higher set of standards and follow them in everything we do and say, every day, everywhere we work. (chief executive, Bob Dudley, 2012 Code of Conduct Report) The Culture behind the Organization Our history is full of discoveries, starting in 1908 with oil found in a rugged part of Persia after a long and difficult search. Since then, discoveries large and small (and sometimes just in the nick of time) have fuelled our progress.(© 1996-2013 BP p.l.c) In our story, you may make a few discoveries of your own. Winston Churchill gives a rousing speech. The Smurfs cause a traffic jam. Our employees help construct a giant spool, build the world’s largest deepwater pipeline and bring solar power to remote villages in the Philippines.(© 1996-2013 BP p.l.c) how we handle concerns or issues • Employee and contractor safety. • Asset management and integrity. • The geopolitical context affecting BP’s operations. • Climate change and BP’s operational greenhouse gases. • How BP is transitioning to a low-carbon economy. • Drilling in deepwater environments. • Operational governance. • Oil spills: prevention, preparedness and impacts. • Gulf of Mexico: accountability, liability, incident investigations and • Risk assessment and management processes, including risk management in non-operated joint ventures.(.(© 1996-2013 BP p.l.c) • On site core value • Providing positive results • Efforts put back into the community  Considerable Actions to ensure accident  New Code of conduct & mission statements to ensure the public that necessary precautions are being made  Goal & Strategy Timelines  Employee Accountability & Tactical Planners  Delegation of Authority to Mid Level Managers  Implementing & following through with Policies &  Working & Understanding the Plans  In Service training for employees  Community awareness seminars for the public  Handling situations, not avoiding them  Giving correct, precise & honest Information • http://www.bp.com/extendedsectiongenericarticl • http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do? categoryId=9038306&contentId=7006600 • http://www.bp.com/sectionbodycopy.do? categoryId=9036140&contentId=7066938&nic am=vanity&redirect=www.bp.co/mappingtool #/World%20View/waste • http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/co

[September 11th 2012] Wind power, embarrassing rejections, and photosynthesizing sea slugs. : tldrjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | videos-books-movies-UpliftingNews-nottheonion-LifeProTips-pics-OldSchoolCool-gaming-Jokes-food-nosleep-science-aww-askscience-sports-worldnews-personalfinance-AskReddit-television-Documentaries-TwoXChromosomes-Fitness-DIY-history-todayilearned-InternetIsBeautiful-listentothis-GetMotivated-news-mildlyinteresting-philosophy-tifu-gifs-space-Futurology-Art-EarthPorn-creepy-Music-WritingPrompts-photoshopbattles-gadgets-explainlikeimfive-IAmA-funny-dataisbeautiful-Showerthoughtsmore »reddit.com tldrcommentsrelatedwant to join? sign in or create an account in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/tldruse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 12 Sep 2012183 points (93% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmissions restrictedsubmission in this subreddit is restricted to approved submitters.tldrsubscribeunsubscribe80,610 readers~21 users here nowYou're busy, we know that, so we've condensed the best of reddit into a daily recap! a community for 6 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSqgyh2sodypopkrispykrackerslntrinsicchelsey-daggerKrabbHDRespectfullyyoursLurlurabout moderation team »182183184[September 11th 2012] Wind power, embarrassing rejections, and photosynthesizing sea slugs. (self.tldr)submitted 2 years ago by qgyh2sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted on/r/todayilearned thestarheart talks about a slug that can photosynthesize, lickmyplum links the Guardian, on Osama's letter to Americans, LucasTheGreat talks about energy used by the brain, and Spongebobrob talks about dogs detecting bowel cancer. /r/AskReddit Chriskills talks about small acts done to teach people lessons, bjk2020 wants to know embarrassing rejections you have experienced, Hamworth asks redditors to share one piece of information they'd like to make the whole world aware of, mutorcs discusses age related decline, and Smokee_Robinson asks redditors seeks advice on moving into their own apartment. /r/science pnewell links a study on wind power's potential to meet world energy needs, GraybackPH posts on how the particle discovered by CERN has passed peer review, and shortbuss links research on gender equality and sexual selection. /r/truereddit sonac36 links Hunter S. Thompson, on 9/11, undercurrents links the New Yorker, on how the fatwa affected Salman Rushdie's life, and pavel_lishin posts on the perils of taunting 4chan. 6 commentssharecancelall 6 commentssorted by: controversialbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandom[–]picu 1 point2 points3 points 2 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted on[5] is a repeat. permalink[–]manch455 2 points3 points4 points 2 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted on<3 permalink[–]TankorSmash 3 points4 points5 points 2 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onHow do you do this man? Is it actually all by hand? permalink[–]icharmmi 1 point2 points3 points 2 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onIt's been a while since I've thanked you for maintaining this subreddit. So thanks again :) permalink[–]feelbetternow 1 point2 points3 points 2 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted on photosynthesizing sea slugs permalink[–]fishyfishyfish 0 points1 point2 points 2 years ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onthanks once again - I had missed most of these. permalinkaboutblogaboutteamsource codeadvertisejobshelpwikiFAQreddiquetterulescontact ustoolsmobilefirefox extensionchrome extensionbuttonswidget<3reddit goldstoreredditgiftsreddit AMA appreddit.tvradio redditUse of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement (updated) and Privacy Policy (updated). © 2015 reddit inc. All rights reserved.REDDIT and the ALIEN Logo are registered trademarks of reddit inc.create a new accountusername:password:verify password:email: (optional)remember mecreate accountsign inusername:password:remember mereset passwordsign inWe care about your privacy, and we never spam. 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Domino’s Pizza Turns 50, Celebrates its Global Success at the New York Stock Exchange Domino's Pizza Turns 50, Celebrates its Global Success at the New York Stock Exchange Dec. 9 milestone birthday caps big year for world leader in pizza delivery Dec 09, 2010, 07:00 ET from Domino's Pizza ANN ARBOR, Mich., Dec. 9, 2010 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Domino's Pizza (NYSE: DPZ), the recognized world leader in pizza delivery, will put an exclamation mark on an impressive 2010 by celebrating its 50th birthday on Dec. 9. The company, which 50 years ago today opened its first store in the college town of Ypsilanti, Mich., will commemorate the occasion by ringing The Closing Bell® at the New York Stock Exchange to end the Thursday trading session. Domino's guests in attendance will include four international master franchisees from publicly traded organizations, representing more than half of the company's international stores. They will join Domino's executives at the NYSE for an exclusive presentation to investors, sell-side analysts and select members of the media. The presentation, titled "Marking 50 Years of Global Success," will be streaming live via webcast, beginning at 9 a.m. EST by logging onto www.dominosbiz.com, and will also be archived for replay. "Many things have evolved and grown in our 50 years as a company, with some of the most memorable Domino's moments occurring in 2010," said J. Patrick Doyle, President and CEO of Domino's Pizza. "We have built an iconic consumer brand that is recognized nearly everywhere in the world, from just one store in Michigan back in 1960. One thing remains consistent, though: our ability to deliver hot, delicious food to our customers right when they want it. It's what Domino's Pizza is known for." No year would be more appropriate to celebrate the milestone, as 2010 delivered landmark events for Domino's – which included cutting the ribbon on its 9,000th store; reinventing its core pizza recipe along with the bold "Pizza Turnaround" campaign; and receiving the distinguished "Chain of the Year" award from Pizza Today, the industry's leading publication. Domino's has seized the momentum and posted unprecedented sales numbers in 2010. Through the third quarter of 2010, domestic same-store sales were up 11.6% and international same-store sales were up 5.9%. Domino's also wants to make sure customers are in on the celebration. Beginning Dec. 13, Domino's will thank them by promoting a special online offer. Customers can find out what this special offer is by "liking" Domino's Pizza on Facebook prior to Dec. 13. The offer runs for one week through Dec. 19. Founded in 1960, Domino's Pizza is the recognized world leader in pizza delivery. Domino's is listed on the NYSE under the symbol "DPZ." Through its primarily locally-owned and operated franchised system, Domino's operates a network of 9,169 franchised and Company-owned stores in the United States and over 60 international markets. The Domino's Pizza® brand, named a Megabrand by Advertising Age magazine, had global retail sales of over $5.6 billion in 2009, comprised of nearly $3.1 billion domestically and over $2.5 billion internationally. During the third quarter of 2010, the Domino's Pizza® brand had global retail sales of nearly $1.4 billion, comprised of over $747 million domestically and nearly $650 million internationally. In June 2010, Pizza Today, the leading publication of the pizza industry, named Domino's its "Chain of the Year" – making the company a two-time winner of the honor, which it previously received in 2003. Domino's has expanded its menu significantly since 2008 to include Oven Baked Sandwiches and BreadBowl Pasta(TM), and in 2009 debuted its 'Inspired New Pizza' – a permanent change to its hand-tossed product, reinvented from the crust up with new sauce, cheese and garlic-seasoned crust. Jan 25, 2011, 14:00 ET Preview: Domino's Pizza® Raises Record Amount for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital® Domino's® Weeklong Carryout Special Brings the Work of Thousands... Greater Greenville, Spartanburg and Asheville Domino's® Locations...

BrowseInterestsBiography & MemoirBusiness & LeadershipFiction & LiteraturePolitics & EconomyHealth & WellnessSociety & CultureHappiness & Self-HelpMystery, Thriller & CrimeHistoryYoung AdultBrowse byBooksAudiobooksArticlesSheet MusicBrowse allUploadSign inJoinGod is available to everyone without reservationIn a recent class of Yoga, the instructor and we, the pupils, were analyzing some aspects of the Law of Attraction. The discussion started with the following concern from some of us: Our “asking” God is a thing of the Ego or of the Higher Self? Whoever is on the way to illumination begins to keep a watch on themselves to check if their demands are true, and not insatiable aspects of the Ego. Some wonderful ideas popped up here and there. The first one is that everything is INDEED available and the proof of this is that all you look and wish is, on itself, the testimony that everything is available to everyone. After all, it is there, it exists… be it a beautiful house, a Mercedes, a high level job, become a millionaire like Bill Gates, etc. If it is already there, it is God’s manifestation and is equally available to everybody, because God does not have favorites. This is so much so, that there are people of the worst kind swimming in inexhaustible supply. That is, the substance of God, which is materialized in all things, is there, here and now, available to each and every wanting. Then, the great issue for all of us, is defining which part of our “self” is going to manage this abundant supply: Our ego or our higher self? God gives Himself without reservation and this is a universal law. Whether it is our ego or our higher Self that wishes something, it makes no difference to God. The ego uses its mind to create, which is all it can do and the higher Self, awaken, has the power of the Divine Will at his disposal. We can go on to the end of our lives, asking to our ego to fulfill our wishes or we may remain in peace, assured that, as apprentices of God that we are, we will always create the best and it will never be more then it has to be, because who has everything, is never in a hurry. Bear in mind that the issue here is that, deep down, we fear and distrust of our own ego, so, a part of it denies itself what it wishes, because it mistrusts its own sanity. We imagine that we ran the risk of becoming worse people if we become millionaires overnight, what we believe some magnates are: blind to the sufferings and the misery of the world. However, on the way to illumination and reasonably conducted by our divine Self, we would not be like that. There is nothing to fear, then. Our ego may ask and manifest a million in money. The sanity of this is going to hover over the action of our Higher Self who is aware and grateful of the source and is not going to be misled by the Ego, who projects and defines itself by what it owns. If we have an economic car, we wish a larger one, but something within us turns up saying that this can be a sign of greed. This internal alert against greed does not come from the Higher Self, but from the ego itself and its limiting beliefs. Can we call greed a Bill Gates who, ultra-millionaire, invests fortunes to help Africa? Who could do that without all this money? On the other hand, how many people, with money, do nothing? Recollecting: The problem lies on who is going to administer the supply. A higher Self awaken would never worry with the power of abundance, either financial or material, as he, himself, knows how to be the witness of the infinite riches of God. Resuming, the whole grace of God is available without making assertions. God is not going to judge us by what we wish. After all he knows that all that the ego does, is done because he is alone and, going further, all the ego manifests belongs to this human world which is sheer illusion, anyway. That is, the world of God, eternal, spiritual, is never affected by this. It is always safe. This does not change the fact that God’s giving was total and unrestricted. For God, do not matter who demand: if it is your ego or you Higher Self. For us, it all depends on who is going to administer this abundance. If it is your ego, it can very well be that you get lost in your own illusions. If it is your Higher Self, everything will be shared. The Law of Attraction is the same that enriches the drug-traffic dealer or supports someone like Jesus. It is just as powerful as it is infinite. When we are awakening by our Higher Self, God’s Will becomes our will. After all, at that moment, we are really ONE. God’s love becomes our love; God’s joy becomes our joy. The Law of Attraction, at this level, is the power of God in His maxima and becomes also our power. Everything begins to be manifested by the Will, and not only by the thought. Our ego, as a leader, ceases to exit or at the best hypothesis, it becomes what was meant to be: our spirit’s tool for working and communicating, our garments, in this life. Awaken; we create the opportunity for God to manifest HIS perfect world, which we, for the time being, do not have the least idea of what it is. More From This UserSua Alma já está disponível para Download.CURA GAYHealingYou Are Not Your Body, Your Emotions, Or Even Your MindEu sou aquilo que Deus Vê quando Põe ÓculosPorque o Hooponopono FuncionaHoje é e seráDAR E RECEBERGiving and receivingVocê não é seu corpo, suas emoções e nem mesmo a sua mente!Cinco Passos para a LibertaçãoVolte Para CasaWhat Quantum Physics can teach us about the Soul’s Will The Awakening of One's Higher Self And the Expansion of GodCura - Como superar uma doençaDOIS MUNDOSThe Truth About EvilA ÚNICA LIÇÃO QUE DE FATO EXISTEO sacrifício do EgoO Erro, o Tempo e o que é RealJust be there! Helping someone to die is just as important as helping someone to be born.O que a Ciência Quântica Pode nos Ensinar Sobre a Vontade da AlmaPrayerConceitos equivocadosO eu humano e o EU divino God is Available to Everyone Without Reservation by Patricia Kenney306 viewsEmbedDownloadDescriptionGod gives itself without reservations because God has no favorites. God manifests in all forms and is infinitely available to all. Our limitations are barriers built by ourselves, because of our mi... God gives itself without reservations because God has no favorites. God manifests in all forms and is infinitely available to all. Our limitations are barriers built by ourselves, because of our mistaken view of God.Interests: Types, Books - Non-fiction, Religion & SpiritualityRead on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.Copyright: Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate contentShow moreShow less RelatedApprentice of Godby Patricia KenneyPrayerby Patricia KenneyMeditationby Patricia KenneyThe I AM Presenceby OM KapriThe Honor of the Deity.by GLENN DALE PEASEIAMU PP Article IronWill - Dr Joshua David Stoneby Sandile LelakaIsaavaasya Upanishadby Shashanka KshetrapalasharmaSpiritual transformation 1by Bob CharnesLooking and Listening - True Listeningby Theresa-Ann8943 The human Being is not a Product of Coincidence by a creative Power....by Marianne Zipfgod_existsby api-26348149Review of Sickness Unto Deathby jaskatzSurrender of Self, The by Joe Crewsby frolick2134Dawkins, Richard - How Dare You Call Me a Fundamentalistby Nny VelezRoot of Arabic Words in Qur'Anby Scottie GreenPre WYC-Self-confidence June 2007by rhvenkatList of Ukwani Namesby Melvin O. NzefiliGod Wants You to Be Richby Jose Francis7627 Unification .... Blissfulness of the Images of God ....by Marianne ZipfA Critical Evaluation of the Religious Adequacy of Open Theism: Toward an Open Theistic Theology of Petitionary Prayer by TomSanskrit Non Translatablesby Manish KhakhraThe Blessings of an Unknown Godby Jared AndersonFinal Theopaperby Koko Galinatokaupeena panchakamby Phalgun BalaajiChishti Ghazals of Hazrat MuinuddinJan30-07by api-3699057OpenTheism-Ch2-WhyGrowingby berith.rhadash8844 Racial Questions .... Doctrine of Re-Incarnation ....by Marianne Zipf0240 God and Nature .... Consciously Working at attaining Perfection ....by Marianne ZipfSimilar to God is Available to Everyone Without ReservationApprentice of GodPrayerMeditationThe I AM PresenceThe Honor of the Deity.IAMU PP Article IronWill - Dr Joshua David StoneIsaavaasya UpanishadSpiritual transformation 1Looking and Listening - True Listening8943 The human Being is not a Product of Coincidence by a creative Power....god_existsReview of Sickness Unto DeathSurrender of Self, The by Joe CrewsDawkins, Richard - How Dare You Call Me a FundamentalistRoot of Arabic Words in Qur'AnPre WYC-Self-confidence June 2007List of Ukwani NamesGod Wants You to Be Rich7627 Unification .... Blissfulness of the Images of God ....A Critical Evaluation of the Religious Adequacy of Open TheismSanskrit Non TranslatablesThe Blessings of an Unknown GodFinal Theopaperkaupeena panchakamChishti Ghazals of Hazrat MuinuddinJan30-07OpenTheism-Ch2-WhyGrowing8844 Racial Questions .... Doctrine of Re-Incarnation ....0240 God and Nature .... Consciously Working at attaining Perfection ....Aplacó mi Sed - Thirsty No MoreGod bless.pdfGod is Available to Everyone Without Reservation

Meet, talk and drink! - RDU Tech Beers (Holly Springs, NC) Meet, talk and drink! Tyler's has a lot of room for a drop-in group, a good beer selection and ample free parking (hint: don't forget about the back lot - they have door back there). Robert H. Thanks to everyone who made it. I enjoyed meeting you all. Next time I'll make sure to have a sign to make it easier to find the right table. 0 · November 22, 2013 Geoff C. Good times 0 · November 21, 2013 A former member Fun! 0 · November 21, 2013 A former member Well, where in the bar should we meet? 0 · November 21, 2013 View all 3 replies Robert H. We're in the back by the tvs. 0 · November 21, 2013 A former member We are up front; we'll be joining soon. 0 · November 21, 2013 Robert H. Sounds great. 0 · November 21, 2013 Grant Can't make it. Just got out of work :( 0 · November 21, 2013 Elaine F. ah - we think alike as I just suggested this venue! 1 · November 1, 2013 10 went RDU Geek Beers is a monthly meetup for RDU-area engineers (developers, dev ops, data wonks) to meet, talk, and enjoy good beers. There are a few simple rules ... - Don't be a jerk. Everyone is welcome here. - BYOB (Buy Your Own Beer) - this is not a sponsored event. - While everyone is welcome, I ask that third-party recruiters please respect this as a recruiting-free event. Our Sponsors Devlightful Software LLC Meetup fees and buys first beer for the first 5 people at each meetup. 1,734 Agile Software Enthusiasts 183 Starties

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MedGen for PubMed (Select 4087032) - MedGen - NCBI Select item 918831.CatrixMedGen UID: 91883 •Concept ID: C0108607 •Biologically Active Substance; Pharmacologic Substance Select item 463412.bovine cartilage extractCartilage extracted from various parts of a cow and is proposed to stimulate the immune system and inhibit tumor cell growth. It was used in the 1950s and 60s to enhance wound healing. (NCI) [from NCI]MedGen UID: 46341 •Concept ID: C0106940 •Organic Chemical; Pharmacologic Substance Turn Off Turn On MedGen for PubMed (Select 4087032) (2)

Kalmadi apologises to 'treated like cattle' Aussies - Hindustan Times home » India-news » NewDelhi Kalmadi apologises to 'treated like cattle' Aussies AFP New Delhi, October 05, 2010 First Published: 13:22 IST(5/10/2010) | Last Updated: 13:40 IST(5/10/2010) Under-fire Commonwealth Games organising committee chief Suresh Kalmadi was forced to apologise on Tuesday after Australia claimed its athletes were "treated like cattle" at the opening ceremony. Australian team chef de mission Steve Moneghetti said his athletes were forced to wait in a tunnel in 40-plus degree conditions to march in Sunday's opening ceremony, and they may boycott future ceremonies. He claimed the health of the athletes was at risk in such conditions. "It was over 40 degrees without a doubt. We were treated like cattle. It was disgraceful," he told Australian Associated Press. related storyKalmadi thanks Princess Diana for attending CWG opening!Cheers and jeers for Kalmadi at CWG opening ceremonyPaul lauds India for the fantastic CWG opening ceremony "I was very, very disappointed with the way that the event staff conducted the ceremony and with total disregard for athlete welfare. "The athletes have lost confidence with the event organisers. "It will impact on future Australian athletes' involvement at the opening ceremony." Kalmadi, the face of the Games who was booed at the opening ceremony after a shambolic lead-up to the 11-day event, admitted it could have been organised better. "Yes, I think something was wrong and we will correct it for the closing ceremony," he said at a press conference. "I'd like to apologise." A catalogue of problems in the lead-up to the Games embarrassed India, but the widely-applauded opening ceremony restored some pride. Commonwealth Games Suresh Kalmadi athletes Australia opening ceremony

Photo 24 of 55, Infinity Pool Photo 28 of 55, Hair Salon Photo 30 of 55, Spa Treatment Photo 31 of 55, Spa Treatment Photo 32 of 55, Spa Treatment On a white sand beach, the resort's Apuane Spa emphasizes water therapy, providing facials and other treatments designed to relax and recharge. Outdoor spa sessions are available. There are 2 swimming pools at this Four Seasons resort. Among them, the infinity-edge Nuna Pool is surrounded by a large deck with chaise lounges; pool attendants provide towels and cooling facial spray. At the beach, complimentary cabanas are available. The large fitness club has a wide range of equipment as well as personal trainers by appointment. An on-site cultural center gives guests the opportunity to learn about Mexico's culture and history. For travelers on a working vacation, the resort comes equipped with a 24-hour business center, 4 conference rooms, more than 6,000 square feet in event space, high-speed Internet options (surcharge), and complimentary dial-up Internet access. Additional services include babysitting (surcharge) and roundtrip airport shuttle service (surcharge). Valet parking is free. Babysitting or childcare (surcharge) Children's club (free) Beach umbrellas Free beach cabanas Beach sun loungers Beach towels Airport transportation (surcharge) Free valet parking Lazy river Number of outdoor pools - 3 Spa services on site Supervised childcare/activities (free) Limo or Town Car service available Conference space Total number of rooms - 173 Safe-deposit box at front desk 24-hour front desk Porter/bellhop Multilingual staff Number of floors - 2 Hair salon ATM/banking Gift shops or newsstand Shopping on site Laundry facilities Dry cleaning/laundry service Arcade/game room Garden Number of bars/lounges - 10 Coffee/tea in common areas Coffee shop or café Free newspapers in lobby Concierge services Elevator/lift 24-hour fitness facilities Full-service spa Health club Free WiFi Free wired high-speed Internet Tours/ticket assistance Children's club Spa treatment room(s) One meeting room Terrace Picnic area Poolside bar Luggage storage On private beach Conference space size (meters) - 589 Number of meeting rooms - 4 Golf course on site Tennis on site Year Built 1999 Number of restaurants - 4 24-hour business center Conference space size (feet) - 6342 Free self parking Outdoor tennis courts - 10 Sauna Smoke-free property Number of buildings/towers - 16 Spa tub Steam room Supervised childcare/activities Children's pool Breakfast available (surcharge) Free use of nearby fitness center Wedding services Show all hotel amenities Connecting/adjoining rooms available Premium TV channels DVD player Pay movies Hypo-allergenic bedding available Balcony Separate sitting area Ceiling fan Free newspaper Air conditioning Phone Minibar Coffee/tea maker Free bottled water Daily housekeeping Turndown service Second bathroom Designer toiletries Private bathroom Bathrobes Hair dryer Jetted bathtub Separate bathtub and shower In-room massage available Slippers Television Iron/ironing board Desk In-room safe (laptop compatible) Cable TV service HDTV Free WiFi Free wired high-speed Internet Blackout drapes/curtains Down comforter Pillow menu Rollaway/extra beds (free) Free cribs/infant beds Show all room amenities

overview for GrizzlyJizjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | gadgets-sports-gaming-pics-worldnews-videos-AskReddit-aww-Music-funny-news-movies-books-history-food-philosophy-television-Jokes-Art-DIY-space-Documentaries-Fitness-askscience-nottheonion-todayilearned-personalfinance-gifs-listentothis-IAmA-TwoXChromosomes-creepy-nosleep-GetMotivated-WritingPrompts-LifeProTips-EarthPorn-explainlikeimfive-Showerthoughts-Futurology-photoshopbattles-mildlyinteresting-dataisbeautiful-tifu-OldSchoolCool-UpliftingNews-InternetIsBeautiful-sciencemore »reddit.com GrizzlyJizoverviewcommentssubmittedgildedwant to join? sign in or create an account in seconds|EnglishGrizzlyJiz1,617 link karma129 comment karma send messageredditor for 2 yearswhat's this?TROPHY CASETwo-Year ClubSecret Santa2014Verified Emailremember mereset passwordlogindaily reddit gold goal21%help support redditreddit gold gives you extra features and helps keep our servers running. We believe the more reddit can be user-supported, the freer we will be to make reddit the best it can be.Buy gold for yourself to gain access to extra features and special benefits. A month of gold pays for 231.26 minutes of reddit server time!Give gold to thank exemplary people and encourage them to post more.This daily goal updates every 10 minutes and is reset at midnight Pacific Time (17 hours, 22 minutes from now).Yesterday's reddit gold goal111%get the best of reddit, delivered once a weekemail:subscribe×sorted by: newhottopcontroversialQuestion about 93 YJ by AhrimanicTrancee in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz -1 points0 points1 point 3 days ago (0 children)You may have already tried this but just in case. Could be possible you got a little air in the line while replacing parts. Have you tried the bleeder valve? its on the driver side, simply have someone compress the pedal, open the valve, close the valve and let them release the pedal. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGyOJnOXfKg. hope this helps. Happens on my 91 occasionally permalinksavecontextfull comments (2)reportgive goldHit a bump in 05 LJ wont turn on by Tttyler1 in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz 1 point2 points3 points 7 days ago* (0 children)Check for a loose ground wire for you fuel pump. Same thing happened on my yj. I believe yours is up under the dash on passenger side. Very easy fix but a very frustrating to identify. Best of luck permalinksavecontextfull comments (8)reportgive goldAmerica happened in my driveway by GrizzlyJiz in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz[S] 2 points3 points4 points 9 days ago (0 children)Yup permalinksavecontextfull comments (11)reportgive gold221222223America happened in my driveway (imgur.com)submitted 9 days ago by GrizzlyJiz to /r/Jeep11 commentssharecancelloading...Old Stock Ale 5 year vertical plus 2 reserves. This took a lot of self control to achieve. by GrizzlyJiz in beerporn[–]GrizzlyJiz[S] 2 points3 points4 points 11 days ago (0 children)Whats amazing is i think that the 2015 is my favorite, that or the 2012. Even without age 15 is great so i can only imagine what a few years would do permalinksavecontextfull comments (7)reportgive gold373839Old Stock Ale 5 year vertical plus 2 reserves. This took a lot of self control to achieve. (imgur.com)submitted 11 days ago by GrizzlyJiz to /r/beerporn7 commentssharecancelloading...Anyone live in an area where there are so many jeeps that the jeep wave is nonexistant? by DisDudeRightHur in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz 1 point2 points3 points 15 days ago (0 children)Is it an area with a lot of jeep rentals? a lot of islands that rent out large numbers of wranglers don't have the wave permalinksavecontextfull comments (34)reportgive goldBed liner? by Eapinacas in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz 1 point2 points3 points 21 days ago (0 children)yeah i imagine on any exterior stuff it doesn't hold up well, my tub is almost always covered with a tonneau cover on the back and a half cab up front, so i don't have to worry much about sun damage. its been in for a year and other than 1 or two scratches its in great shape. permalinksavecontextfull comments (17)reportgive goldBed liner? by Eapinacas in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz 1 point2 points3 points 22 days ago (0 children)About $100 i think, Did 3-4 coats. If you go this route be sure to remove your roll bars, there is usualy dirt and moisture under them, also i plugged all the bolt holes with litle pieces of cotton to make re assembly go smoothly. Go slow and watch for drips permalinksavecontextfull comments (17)reportgive goldBed liner? by Eapinacas in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz 1 point2 points3 points 22 days ago (0 children)I used Bed Armor from Dupli-Color on my 91 YJ. the prep is not hard it just takes time. I used the rattle cans and have had it in for over a year, still looks great. Its Definitely not as rugged as the professionally applied bed liners but the inside of your jeep probably wont see the abuse of a truck bed. Here is a pic of mine http://i.imgur.com/dhRGZ4K.jpg permalinksavecontextfull comments (17)reportgive gold212223Great Craigslist add (self.Jeep)submitted 22 days ago by GrizzlyJiz to /r/Jeep9 commentssharecancelloading...Should I dip my rims? by LamaLove in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz 1 point2 points3 points 23 days ago (0 children)i dipped my rims a year ago, after off road trips and long road trips they still look great. http://imgur.com/UOQWRmQ permalinksavecontextfull comments (4)reportgive goldFuel pump. by GeneralMaco in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz 0 points1 point2 points 1 month ago (0 children)lack of power over 2000 rpm permalinksavecontextfull comments (18)reportgive goldMy daily YJ by GrizzlyJiz in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz[S] 0 points1 point2 points 1 month ago* (0 children)Im just running the cheap tuff stuff bumper/carrier, its held up well, pulled other jeeps out of mud at the tow points and latches securely and its was only $300ish. The can mounts are custom, its just 1/4" plate and 2" square tube to match the carrier. permalinksavecontextfull comments (2)reportgive gold192021A pic from a recent trip to Tuttle Creek ORV (imgur.com)submitted 1 month ago by GrizzlyJiz to /r/Jeepcommentsharecancelloading...424344My daily YJ (imgur.com)submitted 1 month ago by GrizzlyJiz to /r/Jeep2 commentssharecancelloading...Anyone else daily a YJ? by Swaginator_v2 in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz 0 points1 point2 points 1 month ago (0 children)yup permalinksavecontextfull comments (27)reportgive goldAfter putting up my new JK's top for the first time coming from a 94 wrangler. by [deleted] in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz 1 point2 points3 points 1 month ago (0 children)I have a 91 yj and its only a 30 min job to re install the soft top, i must be skipping a few steps permalinksavecontextfull comments (5)reportgive goldNeed help identifying if this is just a belt tensioner or something else! New to jeeps so be kind please? Thank you. by Jinglewood in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz 0 points1 point2 points 1 month ago (0 children)it looks normal, and if you want some piece of mind its only about $15 to replace if you can do it yourself (its easy), but it looks fine. permalinksavecontextfull comments (11)reportgive goldAnyone ever use this? Does it work? by Militant_Panda in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz 0 points1 point2 points 1 month ago (0 children)I think that all of these rattle can bed liners are pretty similar, i did the inside of my tub with dupli color bed armor over a year ago and it holds up well. its is not nearly as strong as the rhino linings that are professionally sprayed in but its probably not taking a beating like a truck bed either. cost me under $100 to get a nice clean look. http://i.imgur.com/dhRGZ4K.jpg permalinksavecontextfull comments (26)reportgive goldDoes plasti dip actually last? by NorthWestOnly in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz 1 point2 points3 points 1 month ago (0 children)it holds up pretty well, my grill and wheels have been done for a while. lasted tons of highway driving, winter, and off roading. if you prep well and dont have any rips from poor application it should hold up a while, but even if it get damaged its real cheap and really easy to peel and re apply permalinksavecontextfull comments (11)reportgive goldI can't afford my jeep by ekooinga in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz 1 point2 points3 points 1 month ago (0 children)I would keep it and stop investing in things you don't need. I don't know your situation but i assume the following were not needs just wants: K&N, off road lights, highlift, front and rear tube bumpers, sound system, lift, and tires. I drive a 91 and they do have problems however much of the money i spend is not to repair but to improve. You can do it slowly and hurt your wallet a lot less. Also a 2.5 hour drive is not too bad, i took mine on a 2000 mile road trip this summer and other than noise and heat it worked great. regularly drive for 2+ hours without issue permalinksavecontextfull comments (8)reportgive gold345Tuttle Creek ORV (self.Jeep)submitted 2 months ago by GrizzlyJiz to /r/Jeepcommentsharecancelloading...Looking for places in the Omaha, NE area to get my XJ muddy. by BootyFabricator in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz 0 points1 point2 points 2 months ago (0 children)i definitely will permalinksavecontextfull comments (19)reportgive goldLooking for places in the Omaha, NE area to get my XJ muddy. by BootyFabricator in Jeep[–]GrizzlyJiz 0 points1 point2 points 2 months ago (0 children)I keep meaning to attend one of these meetings. Im headed down to tuttle creek this sat permalinksavecontextfull comments (19)reportgive goldview more: next ›aboutblogaboutvaluesteamsource codeadvertisejobshelpsite rulesFAQwikireddiquettetransparencycontact usapps & toolsAlien Blue iOS appreddit AMA appmobile betabuttons<3reddit goldreddit storeredditgiftsreddit.tvradio redditUse of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy {Genitive}. © 2015 reddit inc. All rights reserved.REDDIT and the ALIEN Logo are registered trademarks of reddit inc.create a new accountusername:password:verify password:email: (optional)remember meget the best of reddit emailed to you once a week. learn morecreate accountsign inusername:password:remember mereset passwordsign inWe care about your privacy, and we never spam. By creating an account, you agree to reddit's User Agreement and Privacy Policy. 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Words that end in eoantigens | Words ending in eoantigens http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-that-end-in-eoantigens Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary 10,135,300,263 visitors served Words that end in eoantigens Found 1 words that end in eoantigens. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that end with eoantigens. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing eoantigens 11-letter words that end in eoantigensSee also 11-letter words that end in eoantigens

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Zorba the Greek movie by Michael Cacoyannis | Available on VHS, Blu-Ray, DVD | Alibris Movies Movies Zorba the Greek Anthony Quinn, Alan Bates, Irene Papas, Lila Kedrova, Georges Foundas 1964 Academy Awards > Best Director > Nominated > Michael Cacoyannis 1964 Academy Awards > Best Supporting Actress > Won > Lila Kedrova 1964 Academy Awards > Best Actor > Nominated > Anthony Quinn 1964 Academy Awards > Best Adapted Screenplay > Nominated > Michael Cacoyannis 1964 Academy Awards > Best Black and White Cinematography > Won > Walter Lassally 1964 Academy Awards > Best Black and White Art Direction > Nominated > Vassilis Fotopoulos 1964 Golden Globes > Best Director > Nominated > Michael Cacoyannis 1964 Golden Globes > Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama > Nominated > Anthony Quinn 1964 Golden Globes > Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture > Nominated > Lila Kedrova 1964 Golden Globes > Best Original Score > Nominated > Mikis Theodorakis 1965 BAFTA > Best Film - Any Source > Nominated 1964 National Board of Review > Best Actor > Won > Anthony Quinn If ever there was a role that Anthony Quinn was born to play, it was the lusty, life-affirming title character in Zorba the Greek. The scene is the isle of Crete, where English writer Alan Bates arrives in the hopes of realigning his own values and outlook on life. He is "adopted" by the flamboyant Zorba, who determines to educate Bates in the ways of the world-or, to be more precise, Zorba's world. Along the way, Bates is introduced to widow Irene Papas, the unrequited love object of everyone on the island, who comes to a ... If ever there was a role that Anthony Quinn was born to play, it was the lusty, life-affirming title character in Zorba the Greek. The scene is the isle of Crete, where English writer Alan Bates arrives in the hopes of realigning his own values and outlook on life. He is "adopted" by the flamboyant Zorba, who determines to educate Bates in the ways of the world-or, to be more precise, Zorba's world. Along the way, Bates is introduced to widow Irene Papas, the unrequited love object of everyone on the island, who comes to a tragic end when she is accused of adultery. The writer is also a spectator to the equally benighted romance between Zorba and venerable courtesan Lila Kedrova. Other disasters follow, but Zorba is able to convince Bates that failure is an inescapable part of life, and that only by constantly tasting defeat can one truly enjoy life's victories. Based on the novel by Nikos Kazantzakis, Zorba the Greek earned Oscars for actress Lila Kedrova, cinematographer Walter Lassally and art director Vassilis Fotopoulos. Hal Erickson, Rovi 1993, International Classics 086162110634 2004, International Classics 2012, International Classics 13785109402 VHS TAPE! ! -VERY GOOD, ! ! TAPE IS EXCELLENT-BOX IS VERY NICE EXCEPT FOR NAME STICKER ON BACK! ! -FROM SELLER WITH OVER A DECADE OF EXPERIENCE SELLING ON-LINE. 13936911623 13564284450 13935225921 Very Good. Disc Plays Perfect with Minimal Light Surface Marks ~ Original Cover Art. 13906101112 Our ranking is your confidence! This is ex-library with all stickers and markings. The case and dvd are in good condition, there is some wear due to normal use. The original artwork is included. The original inserts are included. Fast Shipping-Safe and Secure Mailer-Satisfaction Guaranteed! 13898186317 Giorgos Foundas, Takis Emmanuel, Yorgo Voyagis, Eleni Anousaki, Anna Kyriakou, Sotiris Moustakas, Lila Kedrova, Irene Papas,... Good. 2004 Run time: 142. Connecting viewers with great movies since 1972. All used discs are inspected and guaranteed. Used discs may not include digital content. Customer service is our top priority! 13856641510 13837168910 13937519007 Anna Kyriakou, Alan Bates, Irene Papas, Lila Kedrova, Giorgos Foundas, Sotiris Moustakas, Eleni Anousaki, Yorgo Voyagis,... 2004 Run time: 142. BRAND NEW Amazing low price. 13863255230 UPC: 024543775003 UPC: 024543115687 UPC: 086162110634 All Releases of Zorba the Greek 2012, Blu-Ray 0024543775003 0086162110634 Excellent movie. Must have from every person who like Kazantzakis works. Just as the book, this movie is fantastic.