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Elise Bug >>> I need help : leagueoflegendsjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | AskReddit-movies-EarthPorn-funny-Art-videos-DIY-tifu-Jokes-Futurology-science-mildlyinteresting-personalfinance-listentothis-LifeProTips-IAmA-todayilearned-nottheonion-sports-Music-explainlikeimfive-creepy-UpliftingNews-philosophy-aww-news-Documentaries-WritingPrompts-GetMotivated-gadgets-photoshopbattles-pics-food-Showerthoughts-books-space-InternetIsBeautiful-dataisbeautiful-nosleep-gifs-gaming-OldSchoolCool-television-TwoXChromosomes-Fitness-askscience-history-worldnewsmore » leagueoflegendscommentsrelatedwant to join? login or register in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/leagueoflegendsuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 09 Oct 20130 points (33% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkSubmit a new text postleagueoflegendssubscribeunsubscribe552,626 readers24,021 users here now
created by kayden0000a community for 4 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSBuckeyeSundaeadagiosummoner[Lilybet NA/EU]NeutronRocksModKingKrapp[KingKrapp] (OCE)p00rlenoAndyTheEnigmaBlade(NA)JaraxoMiteCrownojitosunriseTjonke[Tjonke] (EU-W)...and 16 more »000Elise Bug >>> I need help (self.leagueoflegends)submitted 11 months ago by ManWithGoodHairsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onHey guys, I've found that lately if you use your human w as Elise (the crawling spider thing) and then switch to spider form before it explodes, the spider will disappear. I don't know if this is intended and I can't figure out how to post on the forums - I guess I'm a little daft sometimes. If some others could test this and put it on the league forums or let me know if this is working as intended / well known, I would greatly appreciate it, plus the karma is yours! 5 commentssharecancelall 5 commentssorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandom[–]Snake2250 0 points1 point2 points 11 months ago (1 child)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onThis has been on her since release, they either don't care or can't fix it.
permalink[–]ManWithGoodHair[S] 0 points1 point2 points 11 months ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onoh that's awful, thanks a lot!
permalinkparent[–]Vilence[Vilence] (EU-W) 0 points1 point2 points 11 months ago (2 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onjust tried it out couldn't recreate it : O
permalink[–]ManWithGoodHair[S] 0 points1 point2 points 11 months ago (1 child)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onDid you try instantly doing w>r? You'll notice your w doesn't go but when you switch back its on cool down. :(
permalinkparent[–]Snake2250 0 points1 point2 points 11 months ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onIt's more of using it while going into fog of war.
username:try anotheravailable!account recovery email: (optional)we only send email at your requestpassword:verify password:remember mecreate accountis it really that easy? only one way to find out...loginalready have an account and just want to login?username:password:remember merecover passwordloginclose this windowinterface languageEnglish [en]العربية [ar]Беларуская мова [be]български език [bg]Bosanski [bs]català [ca]česky [cs]dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo]español [es]español [es-ar]eesti keel [et]Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]français [fr]Gàidhlig [gd]עברית [he]मानक हिन्दी [hi]hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id]íslenska [is] (*)italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la]1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt]latviešu valoda [lv]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl]српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 11012 on app-11 at 2014-09-21 20:38:21.747257+00:00 running c7be8f7 country code: US. | [
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Patent US5279019 - Credit card and money carrying device - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsA credit card and money carrying device comprising an endless band of elastic material, a plate member folded around the elastic band and crimped providing engagement of the crimped portion of the plate member into the elastic band....http://www.google.com/patents/US5279019?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5279019 - Credit card and money carrying deviceAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS5279019 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 07/997,783Publication dateJan 18, 1994Filing dateDec 29, 1992Priority dateDec 29, 1992Fee statusPaidPublication number07997783, 997783, US 5279019 A, US 5279019A, US-A-5279019, US5279019 A, US5279019AInventorsJames P. KnickleOriginal AssigneeKnickle James PExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (11), Referenced by (100), Classifications (13), Legal Events (8) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetCredit card and money carrying device
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS132230 *Oct 15, 1872 Improvement in clasps for elastic bandsUS151036 *Mar 24, 1874May 19, 1874 Improvement in clasps for elastic bandsUS152876 *Jun 15, 1874Jul 7, 1874 Improvement in pocket-booksUS212578 *Dec 28, 1878Feb 25, 1879 Improvement in clasps for elastic bandsUS956534 *Jun 3, 1909May 3, 1910Chester L JensenPad-holder.US1245455 *Sep 22, 1911Nov 6, 1917Joseph J GilchristBill-holder.US1960690 *Apr 20, 1933May 29, 1934Edwin P BlairElastic retaining bandUS3073439 *Nov 30, 1959Jan 15, 1963Buffalo Machinery Co IncCorner protectorUS5052602 *Nov 15, 1989Oct 1, 1991Mag Instrument, Inc.LanyardUS5077869 *Apr 16, 1991Jan 7, 1992Haase L BardesMoney and credit card carrierGB188000212A * Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5367752 *Dec 10, 1993Nov 29, 1994Petty; Roy L.Expandable wrapping ribbonUS5913618 *Dec 1, 1995Jun 22, 1999Yosha; Victor J.Unitary credit card and paper money clipUS6205622Aug 2, 1999Mar 27, 2001Pera M. OdishooMethod and apparatus for holding paper currency and credit cardsUS6230878 *May 8, 2000May 15, 2001Barbara C. LehrPersonalized rubber banded card and currency holderUS6357084 *Sep 16, 1999Mar 19, 2002Christopher J. HaidonCurrency securing and carrying deviceUS6708375Feb 24, 2003Mar 23, 2004Maria Ward JohnsonHarness walletUS7070095Dec 15, 2004Jul 4, 2006American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Foldable transaction cards and methods of making the sameUS7125049Mar 30, 2004Oct 24, 2006Grand Band, Inc.BookmarksUS7137552Mar 17, 2004Nov 21, 2006American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Portable electronic devices interconnected with convenient or foldable transaction cardsUS7147151 *Dec 10, 2003Dec 12, 2006American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Foldable transaction card systemsUS7213764May 12, 2003May 8, 2007American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Foldable transaction cardUS7278584Nov 21, 2005Oct 9, 2007American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Portable electronic music devices with convenient or foldable transaction cardsUS7347360Jun 7, 2004Mar 25, 2008American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Foldable transaction card systems for non-traditionally-sized transaction cardsUS7398931Mar 6, 2007Jul 15, 2008American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Foldable transaction cardUS7494057Mar 5, 2007Feb 24, 2009American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Metal-containing transaction card and method of making the sameUS7520439Jan 31, 2007Apr 21, 2009American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Portable electronic devices with convenient or foldable transaction cardsUS7530491Dec 30, 2003May 12, 2009American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Metal-containing transaction card and method of making the sameUS7540426Nov 27, 2006Jun 2, 2009American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Foldable transaction cards and methods of making the sameUS7588184Jan 27, 2005Sep 15, 2009American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Metal-containing transaction card and method of making the sameUS7631812May 23, 2008Dec 15, 2009Williams Troy PFoldable transaction card systemsUS7640632Jul 17, 2008Jan 5, 2010Bella J LlcArticle for holding currency and credit cardsUS7668750Mar 10, 2004Feb 23, 2010David S BonalleSecuring RF transactions using a transactions counterUS7690577Sep 20, 2007Apr 6, 2010Blayn W BeenauRegistering a biometric for radio frequency transactionsUS7705732Dec 9, 2004Apr 27, 2010Fred BishopAuthenticating an RF transaction using a transaction counterUS7721956Oct 21, 2008May 25, 2010American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Foldable transaction card systemsUS7725427Sep 28, 2004May 25, 2010Fred BishopRecurrent billing maintenance with radio frequency payment devicesUS7748086 *Apr 29, 2005Jul 6, 2010Bridgefarmer Donnie RPocket money band apparatusUS7763135Oct 25, 2007Jul 27, 2010Bedford Industries, Inc.Method for forming an elastic labeling bandUS7793845Aug 3, 2009Sep 14, 2010American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Smartcard transaction system and methodUS7819310Apr 24, 2009Oct 26, 2010American Express Travel Related Services Company Inc.Metal-containing transaction card and method of making the sameUS7823777May 22, 2008Nov 2, 2010American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Metal-containing transaction card and method of making sameUS7886157Jan 25, 2008Feb 8, 2011Xatra Fund Mx, LlcHand geometry recognition biometrics on a fobUS7889052Jan 10, 2003Feb 15, 2011Xatra Fund Mx, LlcAuthorizing payment subsequent to RF transactionsUS7892371Apr 14, 2008Feb 22, 2011American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Foldable transaction cards and methods of making the sameUS7941953Jan 17, 2006May 17, 2011Bedford Industries, Inc.Separable composite labeling articles in sheet or roll formUS7971324Feb 22, 2008Jul 5, 2011The Naked Wallet, Inc.Card and currency carrying device and method for using sameUS7971786Oct 25, 2010Jul 5, 2011American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Metal-containing transaction card and method of making the sameUS7975913Aug 22, 2007Jul 12, 2011Rynne Group, LlcDiscernment card and a discernment card business system using the discernment cardUS8001054Jan 4, 2006Aug 16, 2011American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.System and method for generating an unpredictable number using a seeded algorithmUS8016191Aug 9, 2010Sep 13, 2011American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Smartcard transaction system and methodUS8033457Aug 10, 2009Oct 11, 2011American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Metal-containing transaction card and method of making the sameUS8079514May 26, 2011Dec 20, 2011American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Metal-containing transaction card and method of making the sameUS8284025Sep 20, 2007Oct 9, 2012Xatra Fund Mx, LlcMethod and system for auditory recognition biometrics on a FOBUS8316566May 16, 2011Nov 27, 2012Ludlow Robert BSeparable composite labeling articles in sheet or roll formUS8360312May 2, 2012Jan 29, 2013American Express Travel Releated Services Company, Inc.Metal-containing transaction card and method of making the sameUS8381360May 27, 2011Feb 26, 2013Rita Preston-HallCard and currency carrying device and method for using sameUS8523062Jan 2, 2013Sep 3, 2013American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Metal-containing transaction card and method of making the sameUS8548927Mar 26, 2004Oct 1, 2013Xatra Fund Mx, LlcBiometric registration for facilitating an RF transactionUS8590195Jul 9, 2010Nov 26, 2013Bedford Industries, Inc.Labeling band assembly and method of forming thereofUS8635795Nov 2, 2012Jan 28, 2014Bedford Industries, Inc.Separable composite labeling articles in sheet or roll formUS8819972Dec 2, 2010Sep 2, 2014Bedford Industries, Inc.Labeling article, method of use and assemblyUS9024719Oct 15, 2004May 5, 2015Xatra Fund Mx, LlcRF transaction system and method for storing user personal dataUS9031880Oct 25, 2006May 12, 2015Iii Holdings 1, LlcSystems and methods for non-traditional payment using biometric dataUS9125464 *Mar 13, 2013Sep 8, 2015Human Design, LlcLow profile walletUS9293069Sep 30, 2013Mar 22, 2016Bedford Industries, Inc.Labeling band assembly and method of forming thereofUS9311830Jul 22, 2014Apr 12, 2016Bedford Industries, Inc.Labeling article, method of use and assemblyUS9454752Dec 13, 2002Sep 27, 2016Chartoleaux Kg Limited Liability CompanyReload protocol at a transaction processing entityUS20040010449 *Dec 13, 2002Jan 15, 2004Berardi Michael J.System and method for selecting load options for use in radio frequency identification in contact and contactless transactionsUS20040089724 *May 12, 2003May 13, 2004Ellen LaschFoldable transaction cardUS20040103500 *Nov 25, 2003Jun 3, 2004Dana WardCard and currency holderUS20040169087 *Dec 10, 2003Sep 2, 2004Ellen LaschFoldable transaction card systemsUS20040172789 *Mar 4, 2003Sep 9, 2004Lehr Barbara C.Organizer for paper currency and credit cardsUS20040217178 *Dec 30, 2003Nov 4, 2004Ellen LaschMetal-containing transaction card and method of making the sameUS20040230488 *Mar 26, 2004Nov 18, 2004American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Method for using a sensor to register a biometric for use with a transponder-reader systemUS20050060233 *Mar 10, 2004Mar 17, 2005American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.System and method for securing rf transactions using a radio frequency identification device including a transactions counterUS20050205435 *Mar 17, 2005Sep 22, 2005Loy Donald AElastic clipUS20050205665 *Jun 7, 2004Sep 22, 2005Ellen LaschFoldable transaction card systems for non-traditionally-sized transaction cardsUS20050225074 *Mar 30, 2004Oct 13, 2005Seth GoldbergBookmarksUS20060102729 *Jan 27, 2005May 18, 2006Priscilla GandelMetal-containing transaction card and method of making the sameUS20060243364 *Apr 29, 2005Nov 2, 2006Bridgefarmer Donnie RPocket money band apparatusUS20070069034 *Nov 27, 2006Mar 29, 2007Ellen LaschFoldable transaction card systemsUS20070158435 *Mar 6, 2007Jul 12, 2007Ellen LaschFoldable transaction cardUS20070256279 *May 3, 2006Nov 8, 2007Adam GlickfieldHolder assembly for currency, credit cards and like objectsUS20070299782 *Sep 7, 2007Dec 27, 2007American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.System and method for proffering multiple biometrics for use with a fobUS20080057543 *May 4, 2007Mar 6, 2008Christian KorfhageInsertion of Sequence Elements into Nucleic AcidsUS20080245048 *Apr 7, 2007Oct 9, 2008Linda Marie MooreLife-linkUS20080265021 *May 23, 2008Oct 30, 2008American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Foldable transaction card systemsUS20090007396 *May 22, 2008Jan 8, 2009Adam GlickfieldHolder assembly for currency, credit cards and like objectsUS20090008441 *Sep 8, 2008Jan 8, 2009Xatra Fund Mx, LlcTracking rf transaction activity using a transaction device identifierUS20090039154 *Oct 21, 2008Feb 12, 2009American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Foldable transaction card systemsUS20090056178 *Aug 26, 2008Mar 5, 2009Bandelz, Inc.Display marker bandsUS20090094795 *Jul 17, 2008Apr 16, 2009Jeffrey LazarusArticle for holding currency and credit cardsUS20090188144 *Jan 17, 2006Jul 30, 2009Bedford Industries, Inc.Separable Composite Labeling Articles in Sheet or Roll FormUS20090211062 *Feb 22, 2008Aug 27, 2009Rita Preston-HallCard and currency carrying device and method for using sameUS20090230195 *Apr 24, 2009Sep 17, 2009American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Metal-containing transaction card and method of making the sameUS20090294543 *Aug 10, 2009Dec 3, 2009American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Metal-containing transaction card and method of making the sameUS20100139049 *Nov 18, 2009Jun 10, 2010Adam GlickfieldHolder assembly for currency, credit cards and like objectsUS20100176195 *Aug 22, 2007Jul 15, 2010Yoshinori KubotaDiscernment card and a discernment card business system using the discernment cardUS20100269386 *Jul 9, 2010Oct 28, 2010Bedford Industries, Inc.Labeling Band Assembly And Method Of Forming ThereofUS20110226858 *May 26, 2011Sep 22, 2011American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.Metal-containing transaction card and method of making the sameUS20130276943 *Mar 13, 2013Oct 24, 2013Humn Design LlcLow profile walletUSD712154Nov 21, 2012Sep 2, 2014Bedford Industries, Inc.Tag-loop carrier assemblyUSD723621Nov 9, 2012Mar 3, 2015Bedford Industries, Inc.Elastomeric loop assemblyUSD745274Oct 22, 2014Dec 15, 2015HUMN Design, LLCWalletUSD762985Oct 13, 2015Aug 9, 2016Bedford Industries, Inc.Tag-loop carrierUSRE43157Jan 31, 2008Feb 7, 2012Xatra Fund Mx, LlcSystem and method for reassociating an account number to another transaction accountUSRE45416Jun 15, 2012Mar 17, 2015Xatra Fund Mx, LlcProcessing an RF transaction using a routing numberWO1998031251A1 *Jan 21, 1998Jul 23, 1998Paul Antony StockmanCard holderWO2002045545A1 *Dec 7, 2000Jun 13, 2002Odishoo Pera MMethod and apparatus for holding paper currency and credit cardsWO2014006393A1 *Jul 2, 2013Jan 9, 2014Plusfile Hk LimitedLogo badge* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification24/17.00B, 24/301, 24/3.12International ClassificationA45C1/06, A45C11/18Cooperative ClassificationY10T24/316, A45C11/182, A45C1/06, A45C13/30, Y10T24/1394, Y10T24/1408European ClassificationA45C1/06, A45C11/18CLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionAug 26, 1997REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedJan 18, 1998REINReinstatement after maintenance fee payment confirmedMar 31, 1998FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 19980121Oct 5, 1998FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Oct 5, 1998SULPSurcharge for late paymentFeb 2, 1999PRDPPatent reinstated due to the acceptance of a late maintenance feeEffective date: 19981127Jun 27, 2001FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Jul 6, 2005FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services | [
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python - In the saved pdf plots of matplotlib some characters are in lower position - Stack Overflow
If I save a figure with matplotlib, sometimes some of the characters, like endash, ű énd ő, are in a lower position than the others. Not just in the legend, but in labels and title as well. I tried it on Ubuntu 11.10 and 12.04 with matplotlib 1.0.1 and 1.1.1~rc1. The source of the file is encoded in utf-8, and the Python version is 2.7.2+. Here is the source:
plt.plot(x, sin(x), label=u"Hurrá, őrtűz! Szűztűz.")
plt.plot(x, sin(x), label=u"xxxxá, őx–x–xűx! Sxűxxűx.")
plt.plot(x, sin(x+pi/2), label=u"B–A őrűr ()")
plt.plot(x, sin(x-pi/2), label=u"B–A őrűr")
plt.plot(x, sin(x+pi), label=u"xãxâxőxŐxűxŰx–x endash")
plt.plot(x, sin(x+.1), label=u"őrtűz !")
plt.plot(x, sin(x+.2), label=u"őr tűz! (")
plt.plot(x, sin(x+pi+.2), label=u"őrült tűzlány ãxâ")
plt.title(u"matplotlib version 1.0.1, source: utf-8, Ubuntu 11.10")
plt.savefig("tmp_accent.pdf")
plt.savefig("tmp_accent.eps")
And here is the part of the figure I got. (I viewed with evince, and with acroread).
I am not good at fonts but I have set the font.sans-serif in the matplotlibrc with the fonts Bitstream Vera Sans, Lucida Grande, Verdana, Geneva, Lucid, Arial, Helvetica, Avant Garde one by one.
I can make a better version from the eps version, with the epspdf command line tool, but this method is platform dependent. Is there a better way? The problem is exists in newer matplotlib version or in newer Ubuntu?
python python-2.7 matplotlib diacritics share|improve this question edited Apr 9 '13 at 7:47
That's really, really weird. Have you tried to install an up-to-date matplotlib using virtualenv?
No, I have not yet. But I will try it. I am not a skilled virtualenv user.
If you can confirm this on a new version of MPL please report a bug (I can't test this as I don't seem to have the proper fonts).
It seems as though there are various problems rendering unicode, especially to pdf files.
I see the same problem that you do using a slightly different matplotlib version (see below).
It doesn't happen if I switch to a different matplotlib backend, or alternatively, if you have latex installed, you can let latex do the text rendering (see http://matplotlib.org/users/usetex.html). On Ubuntu I believe you need the texlive-latex-extra package installed if you don't have it already.
The latex method works the best, but it is much slower and of course introduces a large external dependency. I added the following three lines to the top of your file:
matplotlib.rcParams['text.latex.unicode']=True
See the result below -- looks pretty good but you'd probably want to do something about the axis tick labels.
Alternatively, you can use the the GTKCairo backend.
I added two lines to the top of your code:
matplotlib.use("GTKCairo")
You can see in the image below that it isn't perfect -- the legend text is aligned properly, but unfortunately it now strays outside the legend box. I don't really know why that happens but a possible workaround is to change the line plt.legend() to plt.legend(borderpad=2), which gives the final image below. There's now too much whitespace but at least the text fits. You might be able to try different legend options to get something that looks better.
Note that they seem to look much worse here than in the original pdf files. I just uploaded the pdf files directly to imgur which seems to convert them to fairly low resolution images.
A close-up screenshot of the latex pdf:
With GTKCairo backend:
With GTKCairo and borderpad=2
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged python python-2.7 matplotlib diacritics or ask your own question. asked
Matplotlib table falls outside plot area
How to plot a rectangle on a datetime axis using matplotlib? | [
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Words that start with borgercompagn | Words starting with borgercompagn
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/words-that-start-with-borgercompagn
Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary 10,130,647,039 visitors served
Words that start with borgercompagn
Found 1 words that start with borgercompagn. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words starting with borgercompagn. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing borgercompagn
15-letter words that start with borgercompagnSee also
15-letter words that start with borgercompagn | [
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Kylie Leuluai shelves retirement plans after agreeing to play one more year for Leeds | Daily Mail Online
01:31 EST, 31 July 2014
Leeds veteran prop Kylie Leuluai will play on in 2015 after once more shelving plans to retire.The 36-year-old New Zealander, who signed a rolling contract in May 2013, has been in impressive form this season, his eighth for the Rhinos since joining them from Manly Sea Eagles in 2007.Leuluai, who turns 37 next March, has made more metres per carry than any of his forward team-mates with an average gain of 8.12m and is one of only five front-rowers in Super League who have made over eight metres per carry this season. Staying on: Leeds Rhinos's Kylie Leuluai has put his retirement plans on hold
Leeds coach Brian McDermott said: 'It is great that Kylie is with us for next season.'We have spoken about the transition process that this group of players will be going through during the next few years and the standards that Kylie sets are something that all young players can aim for.'His workload and commitment is something that is thoroughly appreciated by his team-mates and the coaching staff and he continues to be a valuable part of our team.'Leuluai's decision to carry on means Leeds' starting props in 2015 could have a combined age of almost 74, with Jamie Peacock also playing on beyond his 37th birthday for a 17th consecutive Super League season.Leuluai is set to draw level with the legendary Arthur Clues in the club's all-time list of overseas players in Friday night's derby against Bradford at Headingley.Clues made 236 appearances for Leeds from 1947-54, with only Australians Frank O'Rourke, Dinny Campbell and Eric Harris above him on the list.'I am enjoying playing the game and I am not ready to finish yet,' Leuluai said. 'I enjoy being with the boys and being associated with the club and that was important for me.'However the decision was always going to be performance-related, especially in my position and what I can do for the team.'There are certain levels and requirements that are required of you in any team but especially with this group of players and, like any job, you have to be able to meet those requirements.'
Wigan players slammed for dismal display against Bradford by...
Huddersfield 38-16 Catalan Dragons: Jermaine McGilvary bags... | [
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Fall Work Party - Sail the Charles River with Community Boating (Boston, MA)
Sadly, our season ends October 31st, but luckily, this gives everyone a chance to pitch in and help out with pulling all the boats off of the water and getting the boathouse ready for the winter.
Come join our Volunteer Work Party the first two Saturdays after the season end. Come meet members and friends of Community Boating and ask about how to become involved for the 2014 sailing season. All are welcome!
Ian L It might be worth allowing extra time for travel on Saturday, since the Red Sox Parade starts at 10am (though it starts at Fenway Park and presumably won't get down near Charles/MGH till later). 0 · October 31, 2013 4 went
1,409 Surfers | [
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Bethenny Frankel arrives for funeral of Dennis Shields | Daily Mail Online
PICTURED: Grieving Bethenny Frankel sobs at cemetery after Dennis Shields' funeral... as she mourns death of the on-off boyfriend who showed her 'endless unconditional love'
Frankel attended Dennis Shields' funeral in Long Island on Monday, she later joined family and friends at a cemetery for his burial
She also shared an Instagram picture of Shields with her dog Cookie, who died in October
Breaking her silence for the first time since Shields' death, she wrote: 'Rest in Peace my sweet babies who gave me endless unconditional love'
Shields, 51, died in his 42nd floor Trump Tower apartment on Friday
It's claimed he proposed to the reality star with a ring in April and 'she didn't say no', a pal said
Published: 10:42 EST, 13 August 2018 | Updated: 22:27 EST, 13 August 2018
The sobbing Real Housewives of New York star was consoled by a friend as she joined Shields' loved ones at a cemetery in Long Island.
The 47-year-old had earlier attended a service at a funeral home.
Bethenny Frankel broke down in tears at the burial of her on-again-off-again boyfriend Dennis Shields on Monday
A friend tried to console the sobbing star as she wiped away tears at the cemetery
Bethenny, who wore a black dress and heels, looked distraught
A helper was on hand with an umbrella to protect her from the rain at the graveyard
She looked shaken as she left the cemetery following the burial
She was earlier seen leaving a service at a funeral home
The reality star has been left devastated by Shield's death
Bethenny looked emotional as she left, leaning on a friend for support
Shields' daughter Kelsey and son Zachary also attended the service
Bethenny is seen here arriving for the service, which was held in Long Island
'It's like a partnership where if we're not being teammates and it's not working and one man is down, then the other man is down.
'We're trying to really kind of be good partners and be good teammates and I think relationships oddly are — and this sounds cold — but a little bit like business.
'If both people aren't happy about it but slightly uncomfortable and giving up something or giving in [to] something, it doesn't work.
'So both partners have to say, 'All right, I'm in it for this.'
'And I think we might be at that point, believe it or not. I haven't said that to anyone yet.'
So sad for his kids.
by PorcupineLady 1858 | [
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Dietary Assessment with a Wearable Camera among Children: Feasibility and Intercoder Reliability. - PubMed - NCBI
1 selected item: 30115556
The eButton, a multisensor device worn on the chest, uses a camera to passively capture images of everything in front of the child throughout the day. These images can be analyzed to provide a passive method of dietary intake assessment.
This study assessed the eButton's feasibility and intercoder reliability for dietary intake assessment.
Children were recruited in the summer and fall of 2015, in Houston, TX, to wear the eButton to take 2 full days of dietary images, and the child-parent dyad participated in a following-day interview to verify what dietitians recorded from the images.
Thirty 9- to 13-year-old children participated during days convenient to them.
Two dietitians independently manually reviewed the images to identify eating events, foods in those events, and portion sizes.
Descriptive statistics of agreements and disagreements were calculated between dietitians and with children; t tests and Bland-Altman plots of differences in total kilocalories were calculated between dietitians and between initial dietitian estimates and those finalized after the verification interviews.
The dietitians agreed on the identity of 60.5% of the 1,026 foods but disagreed on 28.6% of the foods and on the names for 10.8% of the foods. After the verification interviews, the dietitians agreed with the child-parent dyads on the identity of 77.0% of the 921 foods; the child-parent dyad identified 12.4% of the day's foods when images were not available or not clear; the child-parent dyad clarified that 5.4% of the foods identified were not consumed by the child; and the child-parent dyad clarified the identity of 5.2% of the foods. A software-based approach (three-dimensional wire mesh) could be used to estimate portion size on 24% of the foods, and professional judgment was required for 67.8%. Mean caloric intakes per day were not statistically significantly different between dietitians but were different between dietitians and child-parent dyads in total and on day 2.
An early test of intercoder reliability of an all-day image method of dietary intake assessment obtained intercoder agreement between the two dietitians processing these images of intraclass correlation coefficient=0.67. A following-day verification interview with the child and parent was necessary to ensure completeness of estimates. Several feasibility problems occurred, which may be remedied with additional participant and dietitian training and further technological development.
Child; Diet; Measurement; Portion size; Wearable camera
10.1016/j.jand.2018.05.013 | [
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Communication-S7600ATCPIP Protocol Stack LSIOCR : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive
[archiveorg Communication-UARTADataCommunicationIntegratedCircuitOCR width=560 height=384 frameborder=0 webkitallowfullscreen=true mozallowfullscreen=true]
Graphic Violence Graphic Sexual Content Spam, Scam or Fraud Broken or Empty Data textsCommunication-S7600ATCPIP Protocol Stack LSIOCR Topics Communication Identifier Communication-UARTADataCommunicationIntegratedCircuitOCRIdentifier-access http://archive.org/details/Communication-UARTADataCommunicationIntegratedCircuitOCRIdentifier-ark ark:/13960/t9379v621Imagecount 3Mediatype textsOcr ABBYY FineReader 9.0Ppi 300Backup_location ia905803_19
Communication Gould Modbus Protocol Reference Guide January1985OCR Jan 28, 2014 | [
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Vintage 1970s Near Mint DeadStock : Yellow Disco Shirt 41 | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop bycategoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAdvancedDaily DealsCollectionsHi, (Sign in to bid or buy)My eBayExpand My eBaySellExpand SellCommunityExpand CommunityHelp & ContactExpand Help & ContactBasket
Details about Vintage 1970s Near Mint NOS DeadStock : Yellow Disco Shirt 41
Vintage 1970s Near Mint NOS DeadStock : Yellow Disco Shirt 41
“Deadstock : Clothing which was never worn or sold to the public. Usually forgotten stockpiles from ” ... Read more Ended:
Vintage 1970s Near Mint NOS DeadStock...
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eBay item number:360972921853
29 Jun, 2014 05:40:23 BST View all revisions
“Deadstock : Clothing which was never worn or sold to the public. Usually forgotten stockpiles from warehouses, dead stock is often still in its original packaging or have its original tags.”
Material: See Slideshow For Material Labels If Available
Chest Size: See Labels / Listing Title | [
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GLH to SDP Flights | Cheap Flights on Expedia
GLH (Greenville) to SDP (Sand Point) Flights Flight onlyFlight + Hotel HotelsPlease correct the errors belowDestinationCheck-inCheck-outRooms123456789+Adults (18+)1234567891011121314Children (0-17)0123456Child 1: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 2: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 3: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 4: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 5: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 6: Age <11234567891011121314151617Room 1Adults (18+)1234567891011121314Children (0-17)0123456Child 1: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 2: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 3: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 4: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 5: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 6: Age <11234567891011121314151617Room 2Adults (18+)1234567891011121314Children (0-17)0123456Child 1: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 2: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 3: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 4: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 5: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 6: Age <11234567891011121314151617Room 3Adults (18+)1234567891011121314Children (0-17)0123456Child 1: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 2: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 3: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 4: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 5: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 6: Age <11234567891011121314151617Room 4Adults (18+)1234567891011121314Children (0-17)0123456Child 1: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 2: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 3: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 4: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 5: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 6: Age <11234567891011121314151617Room 5Adults (18+)1234567891011121314Children (0-17)0123456Child 1: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 2: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 3: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 4: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 5: Age <11234567891011121314151617Child 6: Age <11234567891011121314151617Room 6Adults 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9781451689556: Plum Deadly - AbeBooks - Ellie Grant: 1451689551
Ellie Grant Plum Deadly
ISBN 13: 9781451689556
Plum Deadly
Ellie Grant
( 219 ratings by Goodreads )
ISBN 10: 1451689551 ISBN 13: 9781451689556
Publisher: Gallery Books, 2013
In this cozy mystery, a young woman is framed by her boss for embezzlement and flees to her aunt’s pie shop—but when her ex-boss turns up dead on their doorstep she must start her own investigation to find the killer—before he finds her.
CHOCOHOLIC CREAM. BOUNTIFUL BLUEBERRY. LOTSA LEMON MERINGUE. EVEN DANGEROUSLY DAMSON.
Who could resist such pies? Who would even want to resist the pie shop that makes them? Certainly not the residents of Durham, North Carolina, and the little bakery and café called Pie in the Sky is one of the most popular meet-up places in town.
Unjustly accused of cooking the books, Maggie Grady is forced to retreat from her high-flying New York financial career to the town where she grew up. Her aunt Clara greets her with open arms and a job at the family-owned business that has baked the best pies in the South for over forty years. Unfortunately, while Maggie is determined to return to banking, her reputation there seems permanently in the pits. That is, until her old boss, Lou, visits with news that he’s found the real crook. Before he can reveal the details, though, Maggie finds his body right behind the pie shop.
With only her own word that Lou planned to exonerate her, Maggie is in the spotlight. The police seem to suspect that Aunt Clara’s damson pie may not be just dangerously delectable, but downright deadly. Maggie doesn’t just have her own name to clear; she has to make sure that her aunt’s beloved business isn’t harmed, either. Yummy local reporter Ryan Summerour appears eager to help, and Maggie can’t help hoping that it’s not just the police who find her a person of interest—but Ryan, as well. She’d thought it challenging to make the perfect pie crust that Aunt Clara demands, but that turns out to be nothing compared with finding a murderer. . . .
We loved writing PLUM DEADLY and are hard at work on the second book in the series, Murderous Mince. We set the story in Durham because of the beautiful campus of Duke University and the large number of pie shops there. Writing about food and murder seem to go well together. we hope you enjoy the story!
Ellie Grant is a pseudonym for a married couple who live in North Carolina with their family.
List Price: US$ 15.00
1. Plum Deadly
Grant, Ellie
Published by Gallery Books 2013-09-03 (2013)
Book Description Gallery Books 2013-09-03, 2013. Paperback. Condition: New. Paperback. Publisher overstock, may contain remainder mark on edge. Seller Inventory # 9781451689556B
2. Plum Deadly Format: Paperback
Book Description Simon and Schuster. Condition: New. Brand New. Seller Inventory # 1451689551
3. Plum Deadly (Paperback)
Published by SIMON SCHUSTER, United States (2013)
Book Description SIMON SCHUSTER, United States, 2013. Paperback. Condition: New. Original.. Language: English . Brand New Book. In this cozy mystery, a young woman is framed by her boss for embezzlement and flees to her aunt s pie shop--but when her ex-boss turns up dead on their doorstep she must start her own investigation to find the killer--before he finds her. CHOCOHOLIC CREAM. BOUNTIFUL BLUEBERRY. LOTSA LEMON MERINGUE. EVEN DANGEROUSLY DAMSON. Who could resist such pies? Who would even want to resist the pie shop that makes them? Certainly not the residents of Durham, North Carolina, and the little bakery and cafe called Pie in the Sky is one of the most popular meet-up places in town. Unjustly accused of cooking the books, Maggie Grady is forced to retreat from her high-flying New York financial career to the town where she grew up. Her aunt Clara greets her with open arms and a job at the family-owned business that has baked the best pies in the South for over forty years. Unfortunately, while Maggie is determined to return to banking, her reputation there seems permanently in the pits. That is, until her old boss, Lou, visits with news that he s found the real crook. Before he can reveal the details, though, Maggie finds his body right behind the pie shop. With only her own word that Lou planned to exonerate her, Maggie is in the spotlight. The police seem to suspect that Aunt Clara s damson pie may not be just dangerously delectable, but downright deadly. Maggie doesn t just have her own name to clear; she has to make sure that her aunt s beloved business isn t harmed, either. Yummy local reporter Ryan Summerour appears eager to help, and Maggie can t help hoping that it s not just the police who find her a person of interest--but Ryan, as well. She d thought it challenging to make the perfect pie crust that Aunt Clara demands, but that turns out to be nothing compared with finding a murderer. . . . Seller Inventory # BZV9781451689556
4. Plum Deadly (Paperback)
Book Description SIMON SCHUSTER, United States, 2013. Paperback. Condition: New. Original.. Language: English . This book usually ship within 10-15 business days and we will endeavor to dispatch orders quicker than this where possible. Brand New Book. In this cozy mystery, a young woman is framed by her boss for embezzlement and flees to her aunt s pie shop--but when her ex-boss turns up dead on their doorstep she must start her own investigation to find the killer--before he finds her. CHOCOHOLIC CREAM. BOUNTIFUL BLUEBERRY. LOTSA LEMON MERINGUE. EVEN DANGEROUSLY DAMSON. Who could resist such pies? Who would even want to resist the pie shop that makes them? Certainly not the residents of Durham, North Carolina, and the little bakery and cafe called Pie in the Sky is one of the most popular meet-up places in town. Unjustly accused of cooking the books, Maggie Grady is forced to retreat from her high-flying New York financial career to the town where she grew up. Her aunt Clara greets her with open arms and a job at the family-owned business that has baked the best pies in the South for over forty years. Unfortunately, while Maggie is determined to return to banking, her reputation there seems permanently in the pits. That is, until her old boss, Lou, visits with news that he s found the real crook. Before he can reveal the details, though, Maggie finds his body right behind the pie shop. With only her own word that Lou planned to exonerate her, Maggie is in the spotlight. The police seem to suspect that Aunt Clara s damson pie may not be just dangerously delectable, but downright deadly. Maggie doesn t just have her own name to clear; she has to make sure that her aunt s beloved business isn t harmed, either. Yummy local reporter Ryan Summerour appears eager to help, and Maggie can t help hoping that it s not just the police who find her a person of interest--but Ryan, as well. She d thought it challenging to make the perfect pie crust that Aunt Clara demands, but that turns out to be nothing compared with finding a murderer. . . . Seller Inventory # BZV9781451689556
US$ 13.35
5. Plum Deadly
Published by SIMON & SCHUSTER TRADE (2013)
Book Description SIMON & SCHUSTER TRADE, 2013. Trade Paperback. Condition: New. TRADE PAPERBACK Legendary independent bookstore online since 1994. Reliable customer service and no-hassle return policy. Fiction and Poetry>Literature>A to Z. Book: NEW, New. Bookseller Inventory # 01978145168955600. Seller Inventory # 01978145168955600
US$ 10.50
6. Plum Deadly
Published by Gallery Books (2013)
Book Description Gallery Books, 2013. Condition: New. book. Seller Inventory # M1451689551
7. Plum Deadly
Book Description Gallery Books, 2013. Condition: New. book. Seller Inventory # MB00QNIF8NC
8. Plum Deadly
Published by Gallery Books
Book Description Gallery Books. PAPERBACK. Condition: New. 1451689551 New Condition. Seller Inventory # NEW7.0617945
9. Plum Deadly
Book Description Gallery Books, 2013. Paperback. Condition: New. Original. Ships with Tracking Number! INTERNATIONAL WORLDWIDE Shipping available. Buy with confidence, excellent customer service!. Seller Inventory # 1451689551n | [
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We found 0 results for "" Check your spelling or use different keywords and try again. If you are searching for help information, please select "Help" from the list of departments and try the search again. Some products available in stores may not be listed online — contact your local store to see if they carry what you are looking for. Walmart Sterling 45415 Dulles Crossing Plz Sterling, VA 20166 Ph. (571) 434-9434 Find another store Showing 0 of 0 results Compute- app-5482454-14-66890936, DC- prod-dal2, ENV- prod-a, Ver- 38.0.0, SHA- 997f0b296e5bc4a29aa0e320fda98e6239de69d7, Log- 796c2fb0-7b-1545eaed3bd000 Site Information Be the first to save! Email Address Sign up Privacy policy Stay connected Mobile apps Help Feedback MoneyCenter Privacy & Security CA Privacy Rights Terms of Use Financial Services Walmart MoneyCenter Walmart Credit Card Apply Now Manage Card Account Product Care Plans Walmart Pay Get to Know Us About Walmart.com Corporate Suppliers Marketplace Careers @Walmartlabs Walmart.com Terms of Use About Our Ads Affiliate Program CA Privacy Rights Privacy & Security Customer Service Returns Policy Product Recalls Int'l Customers Tax Exempt Program Contact Us Feedback In the Spotlight Expand Fitness Exercise Machines Vitamins Ellipticals Treadmills Expand Cold Weather Snow Boots Raincoats Generators Heaters Fireplaces Humidifiers Expand Spring Cleaning Storage Containers Garage Storage Storage Sheds Expand Seasonal Savings Easter Decorations Chocolate Bunnies Easter Baskets Easter Candy Easter Dresses Plastic Easter Eggs Expand International Sites Argentina Brazil Canada Chile China Japan Mexico United Kingdom © Walmart Stores, Inc. To ensure we’re able to help you as best we can, please include your reference number: Ref: | [
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Jean-Max Dutertre - Semantic Scholar
Assia Tria56
Mathieu Lisart49
Alexandre Sarafianos40
Philippe Maurine35
Adi Shamir33
45Assia Tria
28Bruno Robisson
24Jacques J. A. Fournier
20Debdeep Mukhopadhyay
20Shivam Bhasin
When Clocks Fail: On Critical Paths and Clock Faults
Whilst clock fault-attacks are known to be a serious security threat, an in-depth explanation of such faults still seems in order. This work provides a theoretical analysis, backed by practical… (More)
Electromagnetic Transient Faults Injection on a Hardware and a Software Implementations of AES
Amine Dehbaoui, Jean-Max Dutertre, Bruno Robisson, Assia Tria
2012 Workshop on Fault Diagnosis and Tolerance in…
This paper considers the use of electromagnetic pulses (EMP) to inject transient faults into the calculations of a hardware and a software AES. A pulse generator and a 500 um-diameter magnetic coil… (More)
Loïc Zussa, Amine Dehbaoui, +5 authors Assia Tria
The use of electromagnetic glitches has recently emerged as an effective fault injection technique for the purpose of conducting physical attacks against integrated circuits. First research works… (More)
A side-channel and fault-attack resistant AES circuit working on duplicated complemented values
Marion Doulcier-Verdier, Jean-Max Dutertre, Jacques J. A. Fournier, Jean-Baptiste Rigaud, Bruno Robisson, Assia Tria
Cryptographic circuits can be subjected to several kinds of side-channel and fault attacks in order to extract the secret key. Side-channel attacks can be carried by measuring either the power… (More)
A DFA on AES Based on the Entropy of Error Distributions
Ronan Lashermes, Guillaume Reymond, Jean-Max Dutertre, Jacques J. A. Fournier, Bruno Robisson, Assia Tria
Differential fault analysis (DFA) techniques have been widely studied during the past decade. To our best knowledge, most DFA techniques on the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) either impose strong… (More)
As security constraints are becoming more and more important, even for low-cost and low-power devices, new attacks and countermeasures are constantly proposed. Following this trend, Body Bias… (More)
How to flip a bit?
Michel Agoyan, Jean-Max Dutertre, Amir-Pasha Mirbaha, David Naccache, Anne-Lise Ribotta, Assia Tria
This note describes laser fault experiments on an 8-bit 0.35μm microcontroller with no countermeasures. We show that reproducible single-bit faults, often considered unfeasible, can be obtained by… (More)
Single-bit DFA using multiple-byte laser fault injection
Laser fault injection is known as a fault attack method on cryptographic systems. This work provides practical experiments on an 8-bit 0.35µm microcontroller with no countermeasures. It explains how,… (More)
This article presents a Round Addition Analysis on a software implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (aes) algorithm. The round keys are computed on-the-fly during each encryption. A… (More)
Power supply glitch induced faults on FPGA: An in-depth analysis of the injection mechanism
Loïc Zussa, Jean-Max Dutertre, Jessy Clédière, Assia Tria
Secure circuits are prone to a wide range of physical attacks. Among those are fault attacks based on modifying the circuit environment in order to change its behaviour or to induce faults into its… (More) | [
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One Universe: At Home in the Cosmos: Neil de Grasse Tyson, Charles Liu, Robert Irion: 9780309064880: Amazon.com: Books
Read instantly in your browser One Universe: At Home in the Cosmos
(Author), Charles Liu (Author), Robert Irion (Author)
978-0309064880
0309064880
7 New from $109.85
42 used & new from $7.19
One Universe: At Home in the Cosmos [International Edition]
Don't let the large size and lush graphics fool you--One Universe is no coffee-table book. This grand tour explores the staggering vastness of space and the incomprehensibly tiny pieces that fit together to make our bodies, our planet, comets, and cosmic rays. Astrophysicists Neil de Grasse Tyson and Charles Liu of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City and science journalist Robert Irion have teamed up to put a planetarium in a book, and while you'll have to provide your own choral background music, the images are sharp and beautiful and the accompanying text is clear and engaging. The authors clearly love their subject and their work and even the most casual reader will find the book as inescapable as a black hole. See supernovae, eclipses, and the end of the universe in all its quiet glory--but just as your eyes are drawn to the pretty pictures, your mind will seek out the explanations and elaborations accompanying them. Tyson is well known as the director of the Hayden Planetarium and has a brilliant knack for exciting people about astronomy without condescending or diluting; in fact, his respect for the public's intelligence is one of the best features of One Universe. Whether you want to get the latest on time and space, inspire students, or (dare we say it) show off your coffee table, this is well worth checking out. --Rob Lightner
Startling, sparkling color photos and very accessible explanations of the laws and history of physics make this book a treat. Its pictures, clean diagrams, spiffy typography and bite-size takes on mass and energy--from quarks to Coriolis effects to quasars--mark its origins in a celebration: the volume coincides with the reopening of the Hayden Planetarium at Manhattan's American Museum of Natural History. Tyson (who runs the planetarium), Liu (a physicist at the museum) and Irion (a contributing editor at Science) make the science they explain sound both awesome and painless. The authors begin and end at the cosmological level, with the Big Bang and the expanding universe; in between, they cover black holes, meteor strikes, spectral lines, particle accelerators, "gravity waves" (which astronomers might find soon), extraterrestrial life (we're still looking) and the elusive particle called the Higgs boson (ditto). The expanding universe (in which galaxies constantly move apart from one another) gets illustrated with ladybugs on the surface of a balloon. Zippy orange computer-enhanced photos show how a solar system can coalesce from "a disk of leftover material swirling around a new star." A "hyperkinetic unicyclist" helps explain Einstein's special relativity. And sandy beachside toes, shown next to a potholder and an iron pan, illustrate how nonconducting materials prevent, while conducting materials facilitate, the transmission of heat. This is a book seemingly designed more to be browsed than to be read straight through, and it might not mind just being admired (especially if it sends readers to the planetarium). A glossary and timeline can help readers learn, look up and remember the info so many physicists worked hard to discover. 30,000 first printing. (Mar.) Copyright 2000 Reed Business Information, Inc.
Publisher: Joseph Henry Press; 1St Edition edition (December 20, 1999)
ISBN-10: 0309064880
ISBN-13: 978-0309064880
Product Dimensions: 12.3 x 9.8 x 1 inches
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #155,922 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
5.0 out of 5 starsGrand Tour of the Universe
Want to know what a supernova, neutron star or black hole is, explained in everyday language? If so then this is the book you are looking for. Simply put, it's the perfect source for easy to understand explanations about all facets of astronomy and astrophysics. Find out how astronomers know the universe is expanding, how they determine how far away other galaxies are, or how a supernova happens. Learn about energy and particle physics, all explained in an intelligent yet easy to understand fashion. Learn about the different states of matter, about energy and Einsteins theory of relativity. Nicely formatted with stunning graphics, I highly recommend this book, especially to those with no background in the sciences who are looking for a simple, easy to understand yet intelligent explanation of science.
5.0 out of 5 starsA book that should be in every home
The beauty of this book is apparent as soon as you open it. It is filled with wonderful pictures that help to explain the valuable information that is contained in this book. Neil De Grasse Tyson has taken the information that most of us find to difficult to understand and brought it to a level that makes it not only understandable, but exciting to read. The pictures give us a visual understanding of the dynamics of all the things around us. This is a book for all, young and old. I especially found it to be a great way to stimulate the minds of our youth, who seem to have lost interest in many of the sciences. This book breathes new life into a subject that affects all of us.
4.0 out of 5 starsA non-mathematical introduction to the Universe
HALL OF FAMETOP 100 REVIEWER on November 19, 2002Format: Hardcover
Now that science fact has become stranger than science fiction, it's good to have a book that explains the physical universe in clear prose and pictures. The authors' stated intention is to make readers feel "at home in the Cosmos," although many of the astronomical photographs might leave us a bit in awe of the place where we live. In fact, I'm surprised that the authors didn't use more images from the Hubble space telescope. Perhaps it is because their stated intention is to explain, not simply astound. Conceptual drawings such as "How protons decay" are also found in abundance.Tyson, Liu, and Irion introduce readers to 'the' golden age of astronomy (Right here. Right now) and explain the principles that govern our everyday lives, as well as the workings of the cosmos. That's quite a lot to accomplish in a book that is also a visual feast (400 full-color illustrations). However, the authors are well-suited to tackle the job. Neil de Grasse Tyson is the Frederick P. Rose Director of the Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History. Charles Liu is an astrophysicist at the Museum. Robert Irion is a free-lance journalist, and a contributing editor and correspondent to Astronomy and Science.Using everyday analogies (as opposed to mathematical formulae), the authors take us on a journey through our universe, from the infinitesimal to the infinite. Here is an example illustrating Newton's second law of motion:"Imagine standing behind two people wearing roller skates. One is a 90-pound ballerina, and the other is a sumo wrestler who weighs five times as much. If you push on each person with equal force (and tact), you will accelerate the ballerina five times more quickly. That ratio holds true in space as well.""One Universe" includes an illustrated timeline of the major advances in astronomy and physics, from Democritus to Hale-Bopp.
5.0 out of 5 starsOur Universe-At Home in the Cosmos by Tyson, Liu, Irion et.
HALL OF FAMETOP 1000 REVIEWER on August 22, 2003Format: Hardcover
This work would make a wonderful gift for a student ingrammar school or early high school. It has a thoroughexplanation of the color band, motion and energy.Major Newtonian laws are explained and demonstrated. The authordemonstrates comparative orbital forms; such as, the arch,ellipse, parabola and hyperbola. He explains how changesin matter are a function of temperature, pressure and densityfactors. The work concludes with some important theories ofan expansive universe. The book is challenging-intellectually.The science is firmly grounded in classic theories ofSir Isaac Newton and a host of other important mathematiciansand physicists.
5.0 out of 5 starsWonderful book by a wonderful author
Alan B. Sadwin
Lavishly illustrated to support the text, this large format book is a wonderful addition to any reader's library. While I have started reading it it is going to take me awhile to fully comprehend the subject matter
5.0 out of 5 starsOur Universe is amazing, but just how amazing will be explained by this wonderful book.
VINE VOICE on May 9, 2015Format: Hardcover
What a wonderful book. I can't decide if it is a coffee table book or a textbook? There are so many pictures involved that are stunning that anyone just sitting down to peruse through it would be fascinated for an hour or more. They would also find themselves learning about the universe, the Cosmos. That's because when you see the pictures you are just drawn to want to read the captions and learn what they are, then in turn you want to read the textbook portion to learn even more. The learning experience is fascinating.I am a Theologian and thus I am happy to say that I am a young earth believer and also a believer in Intelligent Design, i.e. in God, Yahweh, Elohim, the I am of the Bible. So, I have a definite take on the details of the creation of Earth and the creation of the universe. I am not drawn to the "scientific" or "Astronomic's" of the Big Bang Theory.BUT, I must say that as I read through this textbook I found that it was teaching me more and more about the Universe and the Galaxies and stars and planets than I ever imagined I would learn, and learn quickly.Neil DeGrasse Tyson does a great job in this textbook of laying the ground work for the "Big Bang Theory" and the resulting galaxies that "evolved" out of it. Like I say, I am not a fan of that theory, BUT, it was so interesting to read and understand his concepts and they helped me to form even more knowledge and belief in the fact that the universe is incredible and I believe must have had an intelligent designer to create it.Read more ›
2.0 out of 5 starsI found this book to be unfocused and out of ...
I found this book to be unfocused and out of date. The authors tend to wander around in the sections and focus on unrelated topics.
Published 11 months ago by Evy
5.0 out of 5 starsCheers again Neil
If all could assimilate understand this great presentation...our planet would have a much better future.....
Published 14 months ago by Robert Herrmann
5.0 out of 5 starsGorgeous Book, Full of Great Info
Both my daughter and I are enjoying this book. The photographs are stunning and the content really gets you thinking without being boring or too complex.
Published on August 19, 2013 by Calico Crazy
4.0 out of 5 starsMy Favorite Universe
Being a few decades out of college physics, this book offers some amazing new information, in a pleasing well written format.
Published on July 5, 2010 by Gary Sprandel
I have always loved astronomy. Neil DeGrasse Tyson is an excellent author. Astronomy is not easy to grasp, but Mr Tyson makes it enjoyable and understandable.
Published on December 2, 2009 by Enid Logan
This book is not for amature astronomers. The explainations require some previous knowledge. The information is very acurate and in depth. The pictures are wonderful.
Published on March 23, 2007 by Lynne B. Winterton | [
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Wasgij Mystery 10 Spring Has Sprung Jigsaw Puzzle (1000 Pieces): Amazon.co.uk: Toys & Games
�9.33 & FREE Delivery in the UK on orders over �10.
A 1000 piece Wasgij Mystery jigsaw puzzleWasgij Mystery is the 'What happens next?' puzzle conceptIllustrated by Bill HoustonAll the jigsaw pieces have been produced using a high quality cardboardThe finished size of the jigsaw puzzle measures 68x49cm (approx)
This item: Wasgij Mystery 10 Spring Has Sprung Jigsaw Puzzle (1000 Pieces) �9.09
Wasgij Destiny 14 How Times Have Changed Jigsaw Puzzle �8.99
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Wasgij Destiny 14 How Times Have Changed Jigsaw Puzzle 4.8 out of 5 stars (12)
Wasgij Original 21 Football Fever Jigsaw Puzzles with Free Football Wall Chart (2 x 1000
5.0 out of 5 stars (9)
Wasgij What if Dinosaurs Still Existed Jigsaw Puzzle (1000 Pieces) 5.0 out of 5 stars (2)
Wasgij Christmas Mystery Shopper Jigsaw Puzzle (2 x 1000 Pieces) 5.0 out of 5 stars (1)
Wasgij Original 22 Studio Tour Jigsaw Puzzle (1500 Pieces) 5.0 out of 5 stars (1)
Wasgij Destiny 1 Best Days Of Our Lives Jigsaw Puzzle 5.0 out of 5 stars (2)
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Item model number17406
ASINB00GXL9NIK
7,153 in Toys & Games (See top 100)
Wasgij Mystery is the 'What happens next?' puzzle concept where puzzlers have to use their imagination and the clues provided to piece together what the scene printed on the box will look like after a sequence of events plays out. In the box image we can see the family putting the finishing touches to the Spring Clean - dusting the lampshade, polishing the sideboard, bringing in the laundry, vacuuming the rug. Some of the children are trying to keep out of the way - reading, making a jigsaw and generally amusing themselves. Dad is bringing in tea and drinks and looking forward to settling down on the sofa to watch the big race on the wide screen television. With a bit of luck everyone can have a break soon.So, what could possibly go wrong? Well, this is Wasgij so pretty much anything! Look at the box image, check the small clues on the box and then build the puzzle, which will show the family just a few minutes after the scene on the box. So why is Wasgij so popular? With traditional jigsaws the puzzler builds the image that they can see on the box. With Wasgij they have to build an image that is different to that shown on the box. Although we give a few clues, Wasgij really challenges the puzzler to use their imagination. Put that together with great drawings and pictorial humour and it is no surprise that Wasgij has topped the jigsaw puzzle charts for so many years. This fabulous Wasgij Mystery jigsaw puzzle has been produced by Jumbo's artist Bill Houston. The finished 1000 piece puzzle measures 68 x 49 cm (approximately) and the entire jigsaw has been produced using a high quality cardboard and precision die-cutting techniques to ensure every jigsaw piece maintains its original shape time and time again.
Wasgij Mystery is the 'What happens next?' puzzle concept where puzzlers have to use their imagination and the clues provided to piece together what the scene printed on the box will look like after a sequence of events plays out.In the box image we can see the family putting the finishing touches to the Spring Clean - dusting the lampshade, polishing the sideboard, bringing in the laundry, vacuuming the rug. Some of the children are trying to keep out of the way - reading, making a jigsaw and generally amusing themselves. Dad is bringing in tea and drinks and looking forward to settling down on the sofa to watch the big race on TV. With a bit of luck everyone can have a break soon.So, what could possibly go wrong? Well, this is Wasgij so pretty much anything! Look at the box image, check the small clues on the box and then build the puzzle, which will show the family just a few minutes after the scene on the box.So why is Wasgij so popular? With traditional jigsaws the puzzler builds the image that they can see on the box. With Wasgij they have to build an image that is different to that shown on the box. Although we give a few clues, Wasgij really challenges the puzzler to use their imagination. Put that together with great drawings and pictorial humour and it is no surprise that Wasgij has topped the jigsaw puzzle charts for so many years. This fabulous Wasgij Mystery jigsaw puzzle has been produced by Jumbo's artist Bill Houston.The finished 1000 piece puzzle measures 68 x 49 cm (approx) and the entire jigsaw has been produced using a high quality cardboard and precision die-cutting techniques to ensure every jigsaw piece maintains its original shape time and time again.Safety Information:Warning. Not suitable for children under 3 years.
Wasgij Original 21 Football Fever Jigsaw Puzzles with Free Football Wall Chart (2 x 1000 Pieces) 5.0 out of 5 stars (9)
Wasgij What If ...No1 "Money Grew On Trees" 1000 Piece Jigsaw Puzzle ""NEW JUNE 2013"" 4.8 out of 5 stars (24)
Wasgij Destiny 15th Anniversary Jigsaw Puzzle in a Special Edition Tin (2 x 1000 Pieces) 4.7 out of 5 stars (32)
1405057200
... a present and I am sure my daughter will love
By Pearl Harden
Verified Purchase this is a present and I am sure my daughter will love it
Love these Wasgij's.
Verified Purchase My husband and I love these puzzles, don't think we could go back to a boring picture again.. Great for winter evenings, and makes you use your little grey cells and thinking out the final picture not the same as on the box. Give them a try and get hooked, so many to choose from.
Spring Has Sprung Jigsaw Puzzle
Verified Purchase Another winner from Bill Houston, along with "Money Grew On Trees" they are now officially my 2 favourite Wasgij puzzles.
Verified Purchase as with all wasgij puzzles standard is excellent enjoyed this one very much amazon once again excellent in all respects
Wasjigs - I just love them
Verified Purchase If you love doing Wasjigs you will love this one. You do not know what the picture will be until you are half way through doing it.
wasgij jigsaw puzzlesW
Verified Purchase my wife and myself have spent many hours doing wasgij puzzles this was another great one to our collection.we will be looking forward to the next new one.
wasgij mystery 10 spring has sprung jigsaw puzzle 1000 piece I thought this puzzle offered enough difficulty to keep me interested and fascinated sufficiently not to look at the picture until complete
As mad as a box of frogs! Excellent and very funny image with lots of hidden humor. Great if you're on you own and want to pass a cold or wet afternoon doing something whacky!
Published 5 months ago by P. Kolkowski
Enjoy I have enjoyed doing wasgij for a while now due to ill health.. This one was really enjoyable the only thing is that once u have started it, it hard to put down lol x
Published 5 months ago by Kathryn Dawber
Jigsaws I do like wasgigs but am finding that the new ones are far less exciting than the earlier ones so not as much fun to do.
Published 5 months ago by gill king
GREAT PUZZLE THIS IS JUST A GOOD AS ANY OTHER WASJIG PUZZLE AND WILL BE LOOKING FOR THE NEXT ONES TO BE ISSUED | [
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Cross Giles off the Shopping List - St. Louis - Scout
Cross Giles off the Shopping ListBrian Walton11/30/2005In a surprise move that is not such a surprise after all, a source has confirmed that free agent outfielder Brian Giles has decided to return to San Diego. This comes less than a week after his agent said that talks between the two were over. Never say never!Perhaps improved offers rumored from Cleveland, Toronto and St. Louis were not enough to cause Giles to leave home, after all. He agreed to a three-year, $30 million deal to be announced Thursday, but does it really matter right now? For those Cardinals fans who may have been holding out for Giles to don the Birds on the Bat, you can now officially forget about it!
Share on Facebook Share on TwitterTrending on ScoutCardinals Minor League Notebook: 6/26/17Watch: The NFL Network Top 10Singer electric; Gators take Game 1 of FinalsPeoria Chiefs Notebook: 2017 Week 12Cardinals MLB Notebook: Week of June 19-25The Cardinal Nation Top StoriesPeoria Chiefs Notebook: 2017 Week 12After the Midwest League All-Star Game, in which Peoria had four representatives, the Chiefs picked up right where they left off, earning a four game sweep over Burlington. Thanks…by Nick KonowThe Cardinal NationYesterday at 1:09 PMCoach Jobel Jimenez on Springfield’s OffenseCardinals Double-A hitting coach Jobel Jimenez discusses his team’s approach at the plate and progress shown by key performers during the first half.by Derek ShoreThe Cardinal NationYesterday at 8:31 AMCardinals Minor League Notebook: 6/27/17On Monday, the St. Louis Cardinals affiliates went 2-4. Pitcher Johan Oviedo is the Player of the Day for tossing six scoreless innings with seven strikeouts in Johnson City’s…by Josey CurtisThe Cardinal NationYesterday at 5:39 AMCardinals Minor League Transactions MondayThe St. Louis Cardinals announced a series of moves across the organization on Monday, June 26. The Cardinal Nation's Derek Shore breaks them down, considering the implications.by Derek ShoreThe Cardinal NationMonday at 3:01 PMThe Cardinal Nation to New Platform in JulyScout is moving its entire network of content and community to a new user interface and platform in early July. The Cardinal Nation will be leaving the Scout network, returning to…by Brian WaltonThe Cardinal Nation06/15/20172017 Gulf Coast League Cardinals PreviewOn Monday, June 26, the St. Louis Cardinals’ final minor league team to open the season, the Gulf Coast League Cardinals, take the field, looking to repeat as league champion in…by Brian WaltonThe Cardinal NationMonday at 11:32 AMCardinals MLB Notebook: Week of June 19-25The St. Louis Cardinals went 3-3 last week against two other sub-.500 clubs, remaining six games under .500 on the season and tied for third place. Our history feature looks at…by Marilyn GreenThe Cardinal NationMonday at 8:25 AMCardinals Minor League Notebook: 6/26/17Ryan McCarvel accounted for half of Peoria’s tallies in one of only two wins against four losses on Sunday across the St. Louis Cardinals system. State College garnered the other…by Leonda MarkeeThe Cardinal NationMonday at 6:42 AMWith Two to DL, Cards Promote Memphis TrioThe St. Louis Cardinals added Randal Grichuk, Mike Mayers and Luke Voit, with Dexter Fowler and Kevin Siegrist to the DL and Chad Huffman optioned out.by St. Louis Cardinals press releaseThe Cardinal NationSunday at 6:46 PMJohnson City Cardinals Notebook: 2017 Week 1The St. Louis Cardinals’ rookie-level club opened the season 2-1 with three hitters batting .500 over the first series – Carlos Rodriguez, Luis Bandes and Jonathan Rivera.by Erin ZinnantiThe Cardinal NationSunday at 11:23 AMCardinals Minor League Notebook: 6/25/17The St. Louis Cardinals system was 6-1 on Saturday. Our Player of the Day is Johnson City first baseman Luis Bandes, who was 3-for-4 with two doubles, two RBI, and two runs scored…by Marilyn GreenThe Cardinal NationSunday at 5:09 AMCardinals Moves Do Not Take Weekend OffWhile many of us may rest on the weekend, that is certainly not the case for the St. Louis Cardinals, with a series of minor league moves occurring. As others come to light, this…by Brian WaltonThe Cardinal NationSaturday at 5:34 PMLoad More | [
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I made a list for a woman at work who wanted some good thrillers, and today I found this subreddit : NetflixBestOfjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideoswoahdudeworldcupworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | mildlyinteresting-Futurology-gifs-IAmA-sports-Showerthoughts-news-gaming-Documentaries-Art-movies-DIY-OldSchoolCool-listentothis-nottheonion-TwoXChromosomes-photoshopbattles-pics-explainlikeimfive-books-worldnews-Fitness-nosleep-videos-AskReddit-history-dataisbeautiful-LifeProTips-space-aww-UpliftingNews-philosophy-tifu-Music-Jokes-todayilearned-EarthPorn-GetMotivated-creepy-gadgets-InternetIsBeautiful-food-woahdude-television-WritingPrompts-worldcup-personalfinance-askscience-funnymore » NetflixBestOfcommentsrelatedwant to join? login or register in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/NetflixBestOfuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 20 May 2013739 points (92% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkSubmit a new text postNetflixBestOfsubscribeunsubscribe180,023 readers~80 users here now/r/NetflixBestOf is not an archive. Reposts are not only allowed, but are encouraged to some extent. The front page of this subreddit is meant to be a living representation of quality content on Netflix and you might see the same submissions multiple times. The mods are leaving it up to the community to utilize downvotes if they feel that reposts are too excessive. Stop complaining about reposts and stop messaging the mods about it. If the same title appears simultaneously in the top 50, it may be removed at the mod's discretion. Submissions must be titled
created by hans1193a community for 4 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORShans1193uberpenguinjedestobarkbarkbark1738739740I made a list for a woman at work who wanted some good thrillers, and today I found this subreddit (i.imgur.com)submitted 1 year ago by unzercharlie186 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...all 186 commentssorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandom[+]huskerpower_53 21 points22 points23 points 1 year ago (8 children)[–]huskerpower_53 21 points22 points23 points 1 year agosorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onBug is one of the worst movies I've ever seen
permalink[+]SockPuppetDinosaur 11 points12 points13 points 1 year ago (0 children)[–]SockPuppetDinosaur 11 points12 points13 points 1 year agosorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onI worked at a movie theater when this came out. I went to see it for free.
permalinkparent[+]toastthemost 6 points7 points8 points 1 year ago (0 children)[–]toastthemost 6 points7 points8 points 1 year agosorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onI worked for a large cinema when this was in theaters, and many people came out during/after the movie asking for a refund.
permalinkparent[+]marshall_banana_ 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (0 children)[–]marshall_banana_ 0 points1 point2 points 1 year agosorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onreally? it's a favorite of mine
permalinkparent[+]Steffilarueses 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (0 children)[–]Steffilarueses 0 points1 point2 points 1 year agosorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onI enjoyed the play much more. The movie was not well marketed. permalinkparent[+]unzercharlie[S] -1 points0 points1 point 1 year ago (3 children)[–]unzercharlie[S] -1 points0 points1 point 1 year agosorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onI'm a huge fan of Michael Shannon, William Friedkin, and Tracy Letts. I think you probably had the wrong impression of what the film was going to be if you hated it that much. permalinkparent[+]TheAtomicMango 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (2 children)[–]TheAtomicMango 0 points1 point2 points 1 year agosorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onIt's listed as a horror movie. I actually just watched this because it was in your list, going in without any expectations. Probably wouldn't have if I read the comments.
The first half was slow, but it wasn't boring. I liked it. It's one of those movies that aren't made for entertainment, which is why most people can't get into it, I guess. | [
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Ali - IBM AI Washington DC (Washington, DC) | Meetup
Ali https://secure.meetupstatic.com/photos/member/7/4/d/6/member_278849910.jpeg https://www.meetup.com/IBM-AI-Washington-DC/members/51087742/
IBM AI Washington DC https://www.meetup.com/IBM-AI-Washington-DC/ https://secure.meetupstatic.com/photos/event/c/4/8/d/global_476030317.jpeg 20180831
Jim Monroe, Dwayne, Marissa Patrick, Neal, Richie Jacobovits
Artificial Intelligence · Business Intelligence · New Technology · Robotics · Open Source · Machine Learning · Neural Networks · Artificial Intelligence Applications · Machine Intelligence · Data Science · Artificial Intelligence Programming · Deep Learning · IBM · PowerAI
IBM AI Washington DC is a group for Data Scientists, Developers, Architects, IT Specialists, and anyone else who is interested in AI (Artificial Intelligence), DL (Deep Learning), ML (Machine Learning), NN (Neural Networks), and Open Source solutions. Whether you're just getting started or you're looking to build models to tackle large datasets at serious scale, this is the group for you. Join in and collaborate with other like-minded people working to solve real business world challenges. | [
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07:19, 18 December 2016 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:KFNC ESPN 97.5 FM logo.png (Uploading a non-free logo using File Upload Wizard)
07:18, 8 February 2016 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:2016 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship logo.png (Uploading a non-free logo using File Upload Wizard)
13:02, 5 January 2013 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:Houston Hurricanes FC.png (Uploading a non-free logo using File Upload Wizard)
00:40, 21 October 2011 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:EstamosConElDynamo.jpg ({{Non-free use rationale |Article = KYAZ, Houston Dynamo |Description = One side of a flyer used to promote the Houston Dynamo coverage by local TV station Azteca America Houston KYAZ 51 for the 2010 season. |Source = File is)
21:19, 19 October 2011 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded a new version of File:Azteca-houston.png (Transparent logo, better resolution.)
05:28, 19 October 2011 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:Azteca-houston.png ({{logo fur <!-- REQUIRED --> |Article = KYAZ |Use = Infobox <!-- HIGHLY RECOMMENDED --> |Source = [http://a2.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/304091_274646949242456_193303187376833_842380_739904805_n.jpg] <!-- ADD)
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00:39, 11 March 2008 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:RBNYUniforms.png ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=Red Bull New York |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of Red Bull New York used during the 2006-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=bf3d6ghlgefj3hqdoyic |Portion=The image only illustrates the front)
00:35, 11 March 2008 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:RSLUniforms.png ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=Real Salt Lake |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of Real Salt Lake used during the 2006-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=dejeae55voide27b76fg <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=i60k69xdhon)
00:32, 11 March 2008 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:HoustonDynamoUniforms.png ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=2007 Houston Dynamo season |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of the Houston Dynamo used during the 2007 season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=9gtz2cftfg4j793otbd5 <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=xqm)
00:30, 11 March 2008 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:ChivasUSAUniformsComex.png ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=Club Deportivo Chivas USA |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of Chivas USA used during the 2006-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=rehywz8kbml04sbmdj0y <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=th82)
00:29, 11 March 2008 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded a new version of File:ChivasUSAUniforms.PNG ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=Club Deportivo Chivas USA |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of Chivas USA used during the 2006-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=rehywz8kbml04sbmdj0y <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=th82)
00:27, 11 March 2008 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded a new version of File:ChivasUSAUniforms.PNG ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=Club Deportivo Chivas USA |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of Chivas USA used during the 2006-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=rehywz8kbml04sbmdj0y <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=th82)
04:41, 14 January 2008 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:PanPacificChamp08.jpg ({{logo fur |Article=Pan-Pacific Championship 2008 |Use=Infobox |Source=http://www.ppchampionship.net/ }} {{logo fur |Article=Pan-Pacific Championship |Use=Infobox |Source=http://www.ppchampionship.net/ }})
00:44, 29 December 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:TorontoFCUniforms.PNG ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=Toronto FC |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of Toronto FC used during the 2007-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=ap3l2ebpjhrhrcwmj1od <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=epz487c89znxxh0hw8d)
00:42, 29 December 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:RealSaltLakeUniforms.PNG ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=Real Salt Lake |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of Real Salt Lake used during the 2006-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=dejeae55voide27b76fg <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=i60k69xdhon)
00:40, 29 December 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:RedBullNewYorkUniforms.PNG ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=Red Bull New York |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of the Red Bull New York used during the 2006-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=mqxyxy7g2yvkkg1emkhe <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=b)
00:38, 29 December 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:NERevolutionUniforms.PNG ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=New England Revolution |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of the New England Revolution used during the 2006-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=ojaq4k4e2jjzp7ygv6pw <br> http://sportslogos.net/log)
00:36, 29 December 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:LAGalaxyUniforms.PNG ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=Los Angeles Galaxy |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of the Los Angeles Galaxy used during the 2007-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=5fyom5fivuwwyjmz8gpm <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id)
00:33, 29 December 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:KCWizardsUniforms.PNG ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=Kansas City Wizards |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of the Kansas City Wizards used during the 2006-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=ljl7icfu9netek3fg6e9 <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?)
00:30, 29 December 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:DCUnitedUniforms.PNG ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=D.C. United |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of D.C. United used during the 2006-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=bgvxhizsmmfydf51j9v5 <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=83hnw6ghfghad4ghp)
00:27, 29 December 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:FCDallasUniforms.PNG ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=FC Dallas |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of FC Dallas used during the 2006-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=egqntk8dy29jc9dy2kbe <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=6tj33ihp3cedz19ou8yw )
00:23, 29 December 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:ColoradoRapidsUniforms.PNG ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=Colorado Rapids |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of the Colorado Rapids used during the 2007-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=x2d6pr0evbl8h5zs2dvi <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=k413p)
00:21, 29 December 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:ColumbusCrewUniforms.PNG ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=Columbus Crew |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of the Columbus Crew used during the 2006-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=nnigjqhg94qpgtj2gj6x <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=wg0eelo20)
00:18, 29 December 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:ChivasUSAUniforms.PNG ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=Club Deportivo Chivas USA |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of Chivas USA used during the 2006-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=rehywz8kbml04sbmdj0y <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=th82)
00:15, 29 December 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:ChicagoFireUniforms.PNG ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=Chicago Fire (soccer) |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of the Chicago Fire used during the 2006-present season. |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=wmc1r3gs1ye3l1zzezcr <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=48)
00:27, 22 November 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:HoustonDynamoUniforms.gif ({{Non-free use rationale |Article=Houston Dynamo |Description=Home and Away Uniforms of the Houston Dynamo |Source=http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=9gtz2cftfg4j793otbd5 <br> http://sportslogos.net/logo.php?id=xqmnnpbhb890edb69nez |Portion=The image only)
22:57, 21 November 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:DynamoTwoStar.png ({{Non-free media rationale | Description = Logo for the Houston Dynamo of Major League Soccer. | Source = http://i167.photobucket.com/albums/u158/Dynamo_photos/DSB-ChampsRally.jpg | Portion = Entire logo | Article)
04:35, 5 November 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:MLSCup2007.png ({{Non-free media rationale |Description=MLS Cup 2007 official logo |Source=http://www.mlsnet.com |Article=MLS Cup 2007 |Portion=logo only |Resolution=171 x 143 |Purpose=To recognize the official logo of MLS Cup 2007 # This image is a low-resolution image)
04:20, 5 November 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:MLSPlayoffs2007.png (==Fair Use Rationale== Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. '''fair use''' laws for the following reasons: # This logo is used to give a visual representation of a specific corresponding event (the NBA Playoffs). #)
02:05, 28 October 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:MLBWS2000.gif (== Summary == {{Non-free use rationale |Description= The image is being used as the primary means of visual identification of the subject. |Source= sportslogos.net |Article= 2000 World Series |Portion= Whole |Low_resolution= No. There is no other availabl)
02:04, 28 October 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:MLBWS2004.gif (== Summary == {{Non-free use rationale |Description= The image is being used as the primary means of visual identification of the subject. |Source= sportslogos.net |Article= 2004 World Series |Portion= Whole |Low_resolution= No. There is no other availabl)
01:59, 28 October 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:MLBWS2007.gif ({{Non-free use rationale |Description= The image is being used as the primary means of visual identification of the subject. |Source= sportslogos.net |Article= 2007 World Series |Portion= Whole |Low_resolution= No. There is no other available image with e)
02:29, 9 September 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:EastwoodAcademyBaptist.jpg (=== Fair use for Eastwood Academy === Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because: # It is a historically significant photo of a renovated building. # It is of much lower resolution than the origin)
03:03, 8 September 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:SanJoseEarthquakesTwoStar.png (=== Fair use in San Jose Earthquakes === Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because: # It illustrates an educational article about the entity that the logo represents. # The image is used as the)
02:55, 8 September 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:LosAngelesGalaxyTwoStar.png (=== Fair use in Los Angeles Galaxy === Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because: # It illustrates an educational article about the entity that the logo represents. # The image is used as the pr)
02:55, 8 September 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:LosAngelesGalaxyStar.png (=== Fair use in Los Angeles Galaxy === Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because: # It illustrates an educational article about the entity that the logo represents. # The image is used as the pr)
02:53, 8 September 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:LAgalaxy TwoStar.png (=== Fair use in ARTICLE NAME === Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because: # It illustrates an educational article about the entity that the logo represents. # The image is used as the primary)
02:25, 8 September 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:ChicagoFireStar.png (=== Fair use in Chicago Fire === Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because: # It illustrates an educational article about the entity that the logo represents. # The image i)
02:23, 8 September 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:CHI Fire Alternate.gif (=== Fair use in Chicago Fire === Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because: # It illustrates an educational article about the entity that the logo represents. # The image i)
02:18, 8 September 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:UHLearning.png (=== Fair use in University of Houston === Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because: # It illustrates an educational article about the entity that the logo represents. # The image is used as the)
02:13, 8 September 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:RiceU BlueSealLogo.png (=== Fair use in Rice University === Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because: # It illustrates an educational article about the entity that the logo represents. # The image is used as the prima)
22:20, 2 September 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:JLTelethon.png ({{Non-free use rationale |Description= Logo for the Jerry Lewis MDA Telethon. |Source= http://www.mdausa.org/telethon/images/telethontop.jpg |Portion= Entire Logo |Low_resolution= Yes |Purpose= #This image does not limit the copyright holder's ability)
00:19, 31 August 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:Reliant energy logo.png ({{Non-free media rationale |Description= Reliant Energy logo |Source= http://www.reliant.com/ |Portion=logo |Resolution=low resolution |Purpose= for fair use on Reliant Energy # This image is a low-resolution image of the logo of a company. #)
23:32, 30 August 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded a new version of File:HoustonDynamoStar.png ({{Non-free media rationale | Description = Logo for the Houston Dynamo of Major League Soccer. | Source = http://www.mlsnet.com/t200/imgs/ads/2007/splash/superliga_4pack/semis/english_01.jpg | Portion = Entire logo | Low)
00:05, 24 August 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:MLS Cup 2007.gif ({{Non-free media rationale |Description=MLS Cup 2007 official logo |Source=http://www.mlsnet.com |Portion=logo only |Resolution=100x75 |Purpose=To recognize the official logo of MLS Cup 2006 # This image is a low-resolution image of the logo of the organi)
00:21, 23 August 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:Amigo energy logo.PNG ({{Non-free media rationale | Description = Logo for the '''Amigo Energy'''. | Source = http://www.amigoenergy.com/web/images/inside-logo-top.gif | Portion = Entire logo | Low_resolution = Yes | Purpose = Used to)
04:42, 16 August 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:Dynamo-cover aug 19 2007.jpg ({{Non-free media rationale | Description = Cover for the Dynamo game magazine for August 25, 2007. | Source = http://www.amigoenergy.com/web/images/dynamo-cover.jpg | Portion = Entire Cover | Low_resolution = Unknown )
04:40, 16 August 2007 Greatness21 (talk | contribs) uploaded File:Dynamo-cover aug 19 2007.jpg ({{Non-free media rationale | Description = Cover for the Dynamo game magazine for August 25, 2007. | Source = http://www.amigoenergy.com/web/images/dynamo-cover.jpg | Portion = Entire Cover | Low_resolution = Unknown )
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ctoph13 comments on In your opinion, what is the most underestimated skill/ability?jump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | gadgets-WritingPrompts-mildlyinteresting-history-photoshopbattles-pics-nosleep-Jokes-Art-books-InternetIsBeautiful-dataisbeautiful-space-gifs-movies-gaming-OldSchoolCool-television-Fitness-sports-askscience-AskReddit-worldnews-EarthPorn-GetMotivated-tifu-LifeProTips-DIY-videos-Showerthoughts-science-funny-IAmA-UpliftingNews-TwoXChromosomes-nottheonion-personalfinance-todayilearned-Documentaries-explainlikeimfive-creepy-aww-Music-news-food-philosophy-Futurology-listentothismore » HeroesofNewerthcommentsrelatedwant to join? login or register in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/HeroesofNewerthuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 11 Feb 201310 points (85% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkSubmit a new text postHeroesofNewerthsubscribeunsubscribe10,857 readers~30 users here nowJoin the Reddit United clan
created by [deleted]a community for 5 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSDarkTwistNewbienewbkidSythTomaTozzzAutoModeratorBeefeSports_Beef91011In your opinion, what is the most underestimated skill/ability? (self.HeroesofNewerth)submitted 1 year ago by ekim43103 commentssharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...sorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandomyou are viewing a single comment's thread.view the rest of the comments →[–]ctOphctoph13 1 point2 points3 points 1 year ago (2 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onSo true. I've seen players in the high 1700s low 1800s think they can man up through it. Not possible.
permalinkparent[–]Karl_Marx_ 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (1 child)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onCD vs Melee middle. CD will stomp that melee pretty much every time. That spell is so pwerful. "Conduit is on me, I better run all the way back to my tower and give up 3 creep kills and possibly experience."
permalinkparent[–]RaptAJunk/RATtossJPPK 0 points1 point2 points 1 year ago (0 children)sorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onExactly. Hate this ability so much, you cannot even take creep kills with hatchet because your damage is like 10.
username:try anotheravailable!account recovery email: (optional)we only send email at your requestpassword:verify password:remember mecreate accountis it really that easy? only one way to find out...loginalready have an account and just want to login?username:password:remember merecover passwordloginclose this windowinterface languageEnglish [en]العربية [ar]Беларуская мова [be]български език [bg]Bosanski [bs]català [ca]česky [cs]dansk [da]Deutsch [de]Ελληνικά [el]English (Australia) [en-au]English (Canadian) [en-ca]English (Great Britain) [en-gb]English [en-us]Esperanto [eo]español [es]español [es-ar]eesti keel [et]Euskara [eu]فارسی [fa]suomi [fi]français [fr]Gàidhlig [gd]עברית [he]मानक हिन्दी [hi]hrvatski [hr]Magyar [hu]Հայերեն լեզու [hy]Bahasa Indonesia [id]íslenska [is] (*)italiano (Italy) [it]日本語 [ja]ಕನ್ನಡ [kn_IN]한국어 [ko]Latin [la]1337 [leet]LOL [lol]lietuvių kalba [lt]latviešu valoda [lv]Nederlands [nl]Nynorsk [nn]Norsk [no]Arrrrrrrr! [pir]polski [pl]português [pt] (*)português [pt-pt]português brasileiro [pt_BR]română [ro]русский [ru]slovenčina [sk]slovenščina [sl]српски језик [sr]Srpski [sr-la]Svenska [sv]தமிழ் [ta]ภาษาไทย [th]Türkçe [tr]українська мова [uk]Tiếng Việt [vi]中文 [zh] (*) incomplete volunteer to translateπ Rendered by PID 12877 on app-16 at 2014-09-22 10:32:54.720556+00:00 running c7be8f7 country code: US. | [
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An evening with Susan Conrad; Kayaking Alaska's Inside Passage Tickets, Tue, Apr 23, 2019 at 7:00 PM | Eventbrite
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Put any human in a tiny vessel and send them up a perilous 1,200-mile stretch of the Inside Passage of British Columbia and SE Alaska—and they are bound to have stories! Susan Marie Conrad's stories are not just filled with intrigue and adventure, but they have heart, inspiration, acceptance and gratitude.
Susan Marie Conrad is a water-loving, adventure-seeking, word-slinging, public speaking kinda gal. She's an Author, Podcastress, Exped Ambassador, and expedition paddler.
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An evening with Susan Conrad; Kayaking Alaska's Inside Passage at Good Shepherd Center
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Words containing spondylomo | Words that contain spondylomo
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Patent US20040107299 - Home gateway apparatus having in-home phone line switching function and ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsDisclosed is a home gateway apparatus having an in-home telephone network switching function, and an embodiment method thereof. The home gateway apparatus offers high-speed access to an access network using xDSL (�x� variety of Digital Subscriber Line) protocols such as ADSL or VDSL and an in-home...http://www.google.com/patents/US20040107299?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20040107299 - Home gateway apparatus having in-home phone line switching function and embodiment method thereofAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20040107299 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 10/441,496Publication dateJun 3, 2004Filing dateMay 20, 2003Priority dateDec 3, 2002Publication number10441496, 441496, US 2004/0107299 A1, US 2004/107299 A1, US 20040107299 A1, US 20040107299A1, US 2004107299 A1, US 2004107299A1, US-A1-20040107299, US-A1-2004107299, US2004/0107299A1, US2004/107299A1, US20040107299 A1, US20040107299A1, US2004107299 A1, US2004107299A1InventorsSang-Jae Lee, Kwang-Roh Park, Young-Jun Song, Hyeong-Ho LeeOriginal AssigneeSang-Jae Lee, Kwang-Roh Park, Young-Jun Song, Hyeong-Ho LeeExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (20), Classifications (23), Legal Events (1) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetHome gateway apparatus having in-home phone line switching function and embodiment method thereofUS 20040107299 A1Abstract Disclosed is a home gateway apparatus having an in-home telephone network switching function, and an embodiment method thereof. The home gateway apparatus offers high-speed access to an access network using xDSL (�x� variety of Digital Subscriber Line) protocols such as ADSL or VDSL and an in-home network using VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) functions and a variety of protocols, and has xDSL and VoIP interfaces with PSTN (Public Switching Telephone Network) and VoIP functions that enable easy installation and application in different in-home telephone network environments. Using this, in-home VoIP/POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) networks and high-speed HomePNA networks can be freely constructed through a single home gateway, bypassing the existing two-wire or four-wire in-home telephone lines. Images(7) Claims(11)
What is claimed is: 1. A home gateway apparatus, which provides a connection of an in-home network to an access network to offer a variety of services in an integrated network, the home gateway apparatus comprising: an XDSL (�x� variety of Digital Subscriber Line) central processor for providing access to the access network through a first connector, and processing a signal communicated with the connected access network; a HomePNA (Home Phoneline Networking Alliance) processor for providing HomePNA access to the in-home network through the first connector, and processing a HomePNA signal communicated with the connected in-home network; a VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) processor for providing POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service)/VoIP access to the in-home network through the first connector, and processing a POTS/VoIP signal communicated with the connected in-home network; and a telephone line switching processor for connecting at least one PSTN (Public Switching Telephone Network) channel transferred from the XDSL central processor to the HomePNA processor and the VoIP processor. 2. The home gateway apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the xDSL central processor provides access to a two-wire and four-wire access networks. 3. The home gateway apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the XDSL central processor uses high-pass and low-pass filters to separate XDSL and PSTN signals received from the connected two-wire and four-wire access networks, and sends the separated signals to an xDSL auxiliary processor and the telephone line switching processor. 4. The home gateway apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the telephone line switching processor is connected using a medium according to a change of the connected in-home network, and is changeable in setting by a user's simple manipulation of switches. 5. The home gateway apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the medium includes a relay and a jumper wire. 6. The home gateway apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the HomePNA processor and the VoIP processor are connected to the in-home network using second and third connectors. 7. An embodiment method for a home gateway apparatus, which provides a connection of an in-home network to an access network to offer a variety of services in an integrated network, the embodiment method comprising: (a) providing access to a two-wire and four-wire access networks through a first connector, and processing a signal communicated with the connected access network; (b) providing HomePNA access to the in-home network through the first connector, and processing a HomePNA signal communicated with the connected in-home network; (c) providing POTS/VoIP access to the in-home network through the first connector, and processing a POTS/VoIP signal communicated with the connected in-home network; and (d) connecting at least one PSTN channel transferred from the connected access network to a HomePNA processor processing the HomePNA signal and a VoIP processor processing the POTS/VoIP signal communicated with the connected in-home network. 8. The embodiment method as claimed in claim 7, wherein (a) comprises: separating XDSL and PSTN signals received from the connected two-wire and four-wire access networks using high-pass and low-pass filters. 9. The embodiment method as claimed in claim 7, wherein (b) and (c) comprise: providing access to the in-home network using second and third connectors. 10. The embodiment method as claimed in claim 7, wherein (d) comprises: providing a connection using a medium including a relay and a jumper wire according to a change of the connected in-home network; and allowing a user to change the setting by a simple manipulation of switches. 11. A recording medium with a built-in program, which includes an embodiment method for a home gateway apparatus providing a connection of an in-home network to an access network to offer a variety of services in an integrated network, the program comprising: providing access to the access network through a first connector, and processing a signal communicated with the connected access network; providing HomePNA access to the in-home network through the first connector, and processing a HomePNA signal communicated with the connected in-home network; providing POTS/VoIP access to the in-home network through the first connector, and processing a POTS/VoIP signal communicated with the connected in-home network; and connecting at least one PSTN channel transferred from the connected access network to a HomePNA processor processing the HomePNA signal and a VoIP processor processing the POTS/VoIP signal communicated with the connected in-home network. Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] (a) Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to a home gateway apparatus, and an embodiment method thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a home gateway apparatus having an in-home phone line switching function and an embodiment method thereof that provides high-speed access to an access network and an in-home network. [0003] (b) Description of the Related Art [0004] With the rapid development of data communication technologies in recent years, there have been ceaseless attempts made to provide more rapid and accurate information. In addition, home gateway devices have been actively developed for receiving a variety of services as the use of in-home networks connecting various appliances to communication networks at home has increased. [0005] In general, a gateway device is a network point that plays a role as an entrance to another network, and it converts data communicated between two communication networks using different data communication protocols to a data format suitable for the individual communication networks. [0006] Because of the development of home gateway devices in recent years, in-home networks can now be connected to external access networks to avail of a variety of services in different integrated networks. [0007] With the recent development of the Internet, the VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) telephone that provides voice call services as a general telephone as well as inexpensive international telephone services at a cost of the Internet service is being watched with keen interest as a new service. For that reason, the tendency is toward the development of a home gateway device with a built-in VoIP function or an Internet phone having a VoIP function. [0008]FIG. 1 is a schematic of a network construction according to an example of a home gateway apparatus with a VoIP function in an in-home network having an xDSL/PSTN split structure according to prior art. [0009] Referring to FIG. 1, the conventional home gateway apparatus in an in-home network using VoIP 103 or POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) 104 is required to have both a PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) interface 102 and an Internet interface 103 for the purpose of gaining access to an external PSTN and the Internet network. [0010] In using a HomePNA (Home Phoneline Networking Alliance) function, the POTS 104 in the in-home network is also necessary. However, in the home gateway apparatus, VoIP, POTS, and HomePNA cannot be used at the same time, or a separate VoIP telephone must be connected in order to use the VoIP. Moreover, at least three separate connectors are required for the VoIP function, causing a difficulty in installation. [0011]FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a network construction according to an example of an ADSL modem or a home gateway apparatus having a single xDSL/PSTN structure according to prior art, in which the network is comprised of a home gateway device 203 having ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) and VoIP functions. [0012] The home gateway apparatus includes, as shown in FIG. 2, a connector to an external access network providing an 8-Mbps ADSL access 201, and a connector to an in-home network providing VoIP access 206 and a network interface 207 such as a general Ethernet interface in addition to an access 202 to POTS 204 and general telephones 205. [0013] But the conventional home gateway apparatus requires a separate telephone for the VoIP function and provides neither a PSTN interruption function nor a HomePNA function. [0014] In addition, a variety of environments exist for the in-home network, and the conventional gateway apparatus has a difficulty in using VoIP, POTS, and HomePNA at the same time. Due to the fixed structure of the gateway apparatus, there is also a problem in that it is difficult for the gateway apparatus to match the different in-home network environments, such as two-wire or four-wire networks and a variety of users' demands for xDSL, HomePNA, VoIP, and so on. [0015] The related technology includes Patent Application No. 10-2002-1809 by Chang-Hak Kim et al., under the title �An Internet phone gateway system with a built-in PSTN and VoIP matching circuit�, which suggests a gateway system that provides automatic origination and termination of Internet and PSTN telephone calls according to the users' demand for Internet and PSTN telephone services, and thereby guarantees inexpensive and stable call services. [0016] However, this technology also has a limitation in that the gateway system can support the VoIP function solely in the in-home network. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0017] It is an advantage of the present invention to provide a home gateway apparatus having an in-home telephone network switching function and an embodiment method thereof that provides access to an access network and an in-home network, and changes the internal connection structure of the home gateway according to the construction of the in-home network by using the in-home telephone network switching function, thereby allowing easy construction of in-home VoIP/POTS and high-speed HomePNA networks without regard to the existing telephone line. [0018] It is another advantage of the present invention to provide a home gateway apparatus having an in-home telephone network switching function and an embodiment method thereof that enables the use of a VoIP function while using the existing POTS network at home. [0019] It is still another advantage of the present invention to provide a home gateway apparatus having an in-home telephone network switching function and an embodiment method thereof that provides both voice call and HomePNA functions through a single connector, and enables the use of a VoIP function in an in-home network only through a single four-wire xDSL connector without connecting a telephone to the home gateway. [0020] It is still further another advantage of the present invention to provide a home gateway apparatus having an in-home telephone network switching function and an embodiment method thereof that delivers access to a variety of interface modules such as high-speed Ethernet, IEEE1394, or wireless LAN and allows the construction of a high-speed network at home. [0021] In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a home gateway apparatus, which provides a connection of an in-home network to an access network to offer a variety of services in an integrated network, the home gateway apparatus including: an xDSL (�x� variety of Digital Subscriber Line) central processor for providing access to the access network through a first connector, and processing a signal communicated with the connected access network; a HomePNA (Home Phoneline Networking Alliance) processor for providing HomePNA access to the in-home network through the first connector, and processing a HomePNA signal communicated with the connected in-home network; a VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) processor for providing a POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service)/VoIP access to the in-home network through the first connector, and processing a POTS/VoIP signal communicated with the connected in-home network; and a telephone line switching processor for connecting at least one PSTN (Public Switching Telephone Network) channel transferred from the XDSL central processor to the HomePNA processor and the VoIP processor. [0022] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an embodiment method for a home gateway apparatus, which provides a connection of an in-home network to an access network to offer a variety of services in an integrated network, the embodiment method including: (a) providing access to a two-wire or four-wire access network through a first connector, and processing a signal communicated with the connected access network; (b) providing HomePNA access to the in-home network through the first connector, and processing a HomePNA signal communicated with the connected in-home network; (c) providing POTS/VoIP access to the in-home network through the first connector, and processing a POTS/VoIP signal communicated with the connected in-home network; and (d) connecting at least one PSTN channel transferred from the connected access network to a HomePNA processor processing the HomePNA signal and a VoIP processor processing the POTS/VoIP signal communicated with the connected in-home network. [0023] In still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a recording medium with a built-in program, which includes an embodiment method for a home gateway apparatus providing a connection of an in-home network to an access network to offer a variety of services in an integrated network, the program including: providing access to the access network through a first connector, and processing a signal communicated with the connected access network; providing HomePNA access to the in-home network through the first connector, and processing a HomePNA signal communicated with the connected in-home network; providing POTS/VoIP access to the in-home network through the first connector, and processing a POTS/VoIP signal communicated with the connected in-home network; and connecting at least one PSTN channel transferred from the connected access network to a HomePNA processor processing the HomePNA signal and a VoIP processor processing the POTS/VoIP signal communicated with the connected in-home network. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0024] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention, and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention: [0025]FIG. 1 is a schematic of an in-home network having an xDSL/PSTN split-type structure according to prior art; [0026]FIG. 2 is a schematic of an in-home network having a single xDSL/PSTN structure according to prior art; [0027]FIG. 3 is a detailed diagram showing the internal construction of a home gateway apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; [0028]FIG. 4 is a detailed diagram showing the internal construction of the telephone line switch shown in FIG. 3; [0029]FIG. 5 is a schematic of a split-type two-wire in-home network using the home gateway apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention; [0030]FIG. 6 is a schematic of a non-split-type two-wire in-home network using the home gateway apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention; [0031]FIG. 7 is a schematic of a four-wire in-home network having a single xDSL/PSTN structure using the home gateway apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention; and [0032]FIG. 8 is a schematic of an xDSL/PSTN split-type four-wire in-home network using the home gateway apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0033] In the following detailed description, only the preferred embodiment of the invention has been shown and described, simply by way of illustration of the best mode contemplated by the inventor(s) of carrying out the invention. As will be realized, the invention is capable of modification in various obvious respects, all without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not restrictive. [0034]FIG. 3 is a detailed diagram showing the internal construction of a home gateway apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment of the present invention, known functions and components deviating from the scope of the present invention will not be described. [0035] The home gateway apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises, as shown in FIG. 3, a first connector 301, an xDSL central processor 302, a telephone line switch 303, a VoIP central processor 304, a second connector 305, a HomePNA processor 306, a third connector 307, an IEEE1394 308, a high-pass filter 309, a low-pass filter 310, an xDSL processor 311, a VoIP processor 312, and a home gateway processor 313. [0036] Although the description will be given as to the home gateway apparatus of the above construction in the embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is not specifically limited to the above construction and may further include other components. [0037] Hereinafter, among the components of the home gateway apparatus 300, the principal components for the in-home telephone network function will be primarily described in the present invention. [0038] First, the XDSL central processor 302 provides access to an access network through the first connector 301 providing a four-wire access with one port, and processes signals communicated with the connected access network. [0039] The VoIP processor 304 provides POTS/VoIP access to an in-home network through the first or third connector 301 or 307, and processes POTS/VoIP signals with the connected in-home network. [0040] The HomePNA processor 306 provides HomePNA access to the in-home network through the first or second connector 301 or 305, and processes HomePNA signals communicated with the connected in-home network. [0041] The telephone line switch 303 connects a variety of PSTN channels received from the xDSL central processor 302 to the HomePNA processor 306 and the VoIP processor 304. [0042] Namely, the home gateway apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the single first connector 301 for an access network connection to provide a two-wire or four-wire access to the xDSL/PSTN network, and to the telephone line switch 303 for in-home network access. The telephone line switch 303 provides a VoIP function while using the existing POTS network without a change, offers a general telephone function through a PSTN network using a general telephone in the in-home network when the home gateway apparatus 300 is in a power-off state due to service interruption, and connects a HomePNA function to the POTS/VoIP function of voice call and the xDSL function at the same time. [0043] In particular, the xDSL central processor 302 sends xDSL and PSTN signals received through the first connector 301 to the telephone line switch 303, separates the xDSL and PSTN signals using the high-pass filter 309 and the low-pass filter 310 during transmission, and forwards them to the xDSL processor 311 and the telephone line switch 303, respectively. [0044] The home gateway apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention also includes the second and third connectors 305 and 307 as auxiliary connectors so that if needed, the user can connect the second and third connectors 305 and 307 directly to the home gateway apparatus without a separate network construction. The VoIP central processor 304 switches the PSTN signal received from the telephone line switch 303 using a separate switching module, so that the user can alternatively use either the PSTN function or the VoIP function. [0045] In this manner, the home gateway apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention provides a two-wire or four-wire XDSL, i.e., 15 ADSLNDSL access, using the single first connector 301 according to the in-home network construction as access to an access network; and access to an in-home network using a VoIP function or a variety of protocols to process POTS/VoIP/HomePNA functions using the single first connector 301 or the auxiliary second and third connectors 305 and 307. [0046] Namely, the home gateway apparatus provides the XDSL interface and the VoIP and HomePNA interfaces by various topologies and thereby sequentially operates the access network and the in-home telephone network to offer ultrahigh-speed broadband services and VoIP services between the two networks. [0047]FIG. 4 is a detailed diagram showing the internal construction of the telephone line switch 303 shown in FIG. 3. [0048] As shown in FIG. 4, the telephone line switch 303 connects the PSTN signal lines received from the xDSL central processor 302 to the VoIP central processor 304 and the HomePNA processor 306. The switching functions can be enabled using a separate relay according to the user's desired setting of switches, or initially by using a jumper line according to the in-home environment during installation of the home gateway apparatus. [0049] When the in-home network environment changes, the in-home network can be constructed simply by changing the setting of the telephone line switch 303 without replacement of the home gateway. [0050] Now, first to fourth embodiments using the home gateway apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. [0051]FIG. 5 is a schematic of a split-type two-wire in-home network using the home gateway apparatus in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. [0052] Referring to FIG. 5, the home gateway apparatus according to the first embodiment provides access to an external access network having both xDSL and PSTN signals, and to an in-home telephone network with VoIP and PSTN telephones connected to a HomePNA device. [0053] More specifically, the home gateway apparatus separates external access network channels connected to signal line (1) using the high-pass filter 309 and the low-pass filter 310. The PSTN signal is forwarded to the in-home network with low-pass filtered signal line (4) connected to signal line (6), and the HomePNA signal is connected to the in-home HomePNA network with signal line (5) connected to signal line (7). [0054] In the home gateway apparatus, the VoIP function can be used alternatively with the PSTN function using a general in-home telephone. If the user wants to use an existing PSTN telephone in the in-home network and connect the telephone to the home gateway for the VoIP function, the PSTN and HomePNA network can be constructed by connecting the signal line (4) to the signal line (7) and the in-home telephone network to the second connector RJ11 305 of the HomePNA processor 306. With the telephone connected to the third connector RJ11 307 of the VoIP central processor 304, and the signal line (4) connected to the signal line (6), a VoIP telephone with a general VoIP/PSTN switching function using �#� or �*� buttons can be separately used. [0055]FIG. 6 is a schematic of a non-split type two-wire in-home network using the home gateway apparatus in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. [0056] Referring to FIG. 6, the home gateway apparatus 100 according to the second embodiment includes an external access network having both XDSL and PSTN signals, and an in-home telephone network having a HomePNA device directly connected to a PSTN telephone. [0057] More specifically, the home gateway apparatus 100 separates the access network channel connected to signal line (1) through the high-pass filter 309 and the low-pass filter 310, and a PSTN telephone can be used irrespective of the home gateway. [0058] With signal line (4) connected to signal line (7) as shown in FIG. 5, the HomePNA signal in the home gateway is subjected to low-pass filtering by the low-pass filter 310 and thereby cannot be connected to the HomePNA device in the in-home network. So, the HomePNA signal is connected to the in-home HomePNA network with the signal line (1) connected to the signal line (7). In this case, the VDSL service is unavailable because the HomePNA and xDSL signals are connected to the same signal line. For the VoIP function, a separate VoIP telephone with a general VoIP/PSTN switching function using �#� or �*� buttons can be used with the telephone connected directly to the home gateway and the signal line (4) connected to the signal line (6). [0059]FIG. 7 is a schematic of a four-wire in-home network of a single xDSL/PSTN structure using the home gateway apparatus in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention. [0060] Referring to FIG. 7, the home gateway apparatus according to the third embodiment includes an external access network having both xDSL and PSTN signals, and an in-home telephone network directly connected to a PSTN telephone. [0061] The other two wires are connected to a HomePNA device and a VoIP telephone, and VDSL and HomePNA can be used at the same time because the channels used for the VDSL and the HomePNA are separated from each other. The high-pass filter 309 and the low-pass filter 310 separate xDSL/PSTN channels connected to signal line (1), and the PSTN telephone can be used irrespective of the home gateway. [0062] The HomePNA channel is connected to the in-home HomePNA network with signal line (3) connected to signal line (7), and the VoIP channel is connected to the in-home VoIP network with signal line (3) connected to signal line (5). The switching from VoIP to PSTN is realized with signal line (4) connected to signal line (6). [0063] If switching the VoIP telephone to PSTN, the signal lines (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7) are all connected but the HomePNA signal is separated from the xDSL signal through the low-pass filter 310. Power supply to the in-home PSTN telephone is externally provided for normal operation. [0064]FIG. 8 is a schematic of an xDSL/PSTN split-type four-wire in-home network using the home gateway apparatus in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [0065] Referring to FIG. 8, the home gateway apparatus according to the fourth embodiment includes, unlike the third embodiment, an external access network having xDSL and PSTN signals connected to two different wires. But this structure is also similar to that of the third embodiment in that the channels used for xDSL and HomePNA are separated from each other to enable the use of VDSL and HomePNA at the same time. [0066] Namely, the high-pass filter 309 and the low-pass filter 310 separate the xDSL channel connected to signal line (1), and the PSTN telephone connected to signal line (3) can be used irrespective of the home gateway. [0067] The HomePNA channel is connected to the in-home HomePNA network with signal line (3) connected to signal line (7), and the VoIP channel is connected to the in-home VoIP network with signal line (4) connected to signal line (5). The switching from VoIP to PSTN is realized with signal line (3) connected to signal line (6). [0068] The HomePNA signal is separated from the XDSL signal through the low-pass filter 310, and power supply to the in-home PSTN telephone is externally provided for a normal operation. [0069] In this manner, the home gateway apparatus having an in-home telephone network switching function and its embodiment method according to the embodiment of the present invention include an access network connector to provide xDSL access capable of four-wire access, and an in-home network connector to provide a single VoIP access and high-speed HomePNA access; and changes the internal connection structure of the home gateway according to the construction of the in-home network using the in-home telephone network switching function, thereby allowing easy construction of in-home VoIP/POTS and high-speed HomePNA networks by a single home gateway only without regard to the existing two-wire or four-wire in-home telephone line. [0070] While this invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. [0071] As described above, the home gateway apparatus having an in-home telephone network switching function and its embodiment method according to present invention includes an access network connector to provide xDSL access capable of four-wire access, and an in-home network connector for providing single VoIP access and high-speed HomePNA access; and changes the internal connection structure of the home gateway according to the construction of the in-home network using the in-home telephone network switching function, thereby allowing easy construction of in-home VoIP/POTS and high-speed HomePNA networks by a single home gateway only without regard to the existing two-wire or four-wire in-home telephone line. [0072] The home gateway apparatus having an in-home telephone network switching function and its embodiment method according to present invention enables the use of a VoIP function while using the existing POTS network at home, and provides both voice call and HomePNA functions using a single connector, and the VoIP functions freely in the in-home network using a single four-wire XDSL connector without connecting a telephone to the home gateway. [0073] The home gateway apparatus having an in-home telephone network switching function and its embodiment method according to the present invention uses the existing in-home and outdoor telephone lines with an advantage in the aspect of economy, and it enables construction of the in-home network simply by changing the internal setting of the home gateway without replacement of the home gateway even when the structure of the in-home telephone network is changed. [0074] The home gateway apparatus having an in-home telephone network switching function and its embodiment method according to the present invention offers xDSL-based ultrahigh-speed broadband services between a variety of data terminals connected to the in-home network through different network interfaces such as HomePNA, IEEE1394, high-speed Ethernet, or wireless LAN, and delivers ultrahigh-speed broadband services of more than 10 Mbps in gaining access to the access network from the in-home network. [0075] The home gateway apparatus having an in-home telephone network switching function and its embodiment method according to the present invention uses the same physical connector for XDSL, HomePNA, and VoIP signals, and it offers a HomePNA function as well as xDSL and VoIP/POTS functions using a single connector, thereby simplifying the installation of the home gateway. [0076] Furthermore, the home gateway apparatus having an in-home telephone network switching function and its embodiment method according to the present invention provides the HomePNA function by a connection to the in-home POTS network while VoIP or POTS is not being used, and it provides the HomePNA function by a connection of the in-home POTS network to the HomePNA connector when the VoIP function is solely used by a general telephone without a connection to the VoIP/POTS network. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7616743 *Apr 22, 2005Nov 10, 2009At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.Methods and apparatus to self-configure a flexible residential gatewayUS7856007 *Oct 21, 2005Dec 21, 2010Current Technologies, LlcPower line communication voice over IP system and methodUS7889746 *Apr 22, 2005Feb 15, 2011At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.Methods and apparatus to self-configure a flexible residential gatewayUS8005069 *Apr 22, 2005Aug 23, 2011At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.Methods and apparatus to self-configure a flexible residential gatewayUS8315277 *Sep 30, 2005Nov 20, 2012Thomson LicensingIntegrated access device, associated modem box and splitting moduleUS8379635Oct 29, 2010Feb 19, 2013Huawei Device Co., Ltd.Method, apparatus, and system for processing a voice serviceUS8386591Jan 22, 2008Feb 26, 2013Deutsche Telekom AgMethod and broadband access system for remote-controlling a voice interface of an access nodeUS8537809 *Apr 1, 2011Sep 17, 2013Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.Separation device and method for transmitting voice signalUS8594078 *Jun 2, 2003Nov 26, 2013At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.Method and apparatus for stand-alone voice over internet protocol with POTS telephone supportUS8660148Jun 14, 2012Feb 25, 2014Thomson LicensingIntegrated access device and associated modem box and splitting moduleUS20070189280 *Apr 6, 2005Aug 16, 2007Hancock Nicholas IProviding information relating to a telephone callUS20080117935 *Sep 30, 2005May 22, 2008Luc GyselinckIntegrated Access Device, Associated Modem Box and Splitting ModuleUS20110182286 *Apr 1, 2011Jul 28, 2011Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.Separation device and method for transmitting voice signalEP2033388A2 *Jun 14, 2007Mar 11, 2009Telecom IP LimitedApparatus, method and system for providing new communication services over existing wiringEP2180680A1 *Oct 23, 2009Apr 28, 2010Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.Separation device and method for transmitting voice signalEP2693699A1 *Jul 31, 2013Feb 5, 2014OmelcomApparatus and system for the delivery and recovery of speech-data-image flowWO2007145536A2Jun 14, 2007Dec 21, 2007Telecom New Zealand LtdApparatus, method and system for providing new communication services over existing wiringWO2008091336A1 *Dec 21, 2007Jul 31, 2008Vonage Network IncApparatus and method for coextensive operation of multiple broadband services on a local networkWO2008101454A2 *Jan 22, 2008Aug 28, 2008Deutsche Telekom AgMethod and broadband access system for remote-controlling a voice interface of an access nodeWO2009132562A1 *Apr 23, 2009Nov 5, 2009Shenzhen Huawei Communication Technologies Co., Ltd.Method, device and system for processing voice service* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification709/249International ClassificationG06F15/16, H04M11/06, H04L12/28, H04L12/66, H04M7/00Cooperative ClassificationH04L12/2856, H04L12/2889, H04Q2213/13389, H04M11/062, H04L2012/2845, H04M7/0069, H04Q2213/13039, H04L12/2803, H04Q2213/13034, H04Q2213/13196, H04L12/2838European ClassificationH04M7/00M8R, H04L12/28P1, H04L12/28H, H04M11/06B, H04L12/28H6, H04L12/28P1D2B1Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 20, 2003ASAssignmentOwner name: ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LEE, SANG-JAE;PARK, KWANG-ROH;SONG, YOUNG-JUN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:014100/0277;SIGNING DATES FROM 20030408 TO 20030415RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google | [
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Dated motel surrounded by car show rooms and tough to reach without a car - Review of Comfort Hotel Toulouse Ramonville, Ramonville Saint-Agne, France - TripAdvisor
Hotels near Comfort Hotel Toulouse Ramonville
Dated motel surrounded by car show... - Comfort Hotel Toulouse Ramonville
Dated motel surrounded by car show rooms and tough to reach without a car
Hotel is really basic, no frills but is cheap - however there are as cost effective options in the centre which even weighing up parking cant be as miserable a location as this one. If you want the lifestyle of a travelling salesman on the verge of getting the sack stay here, however if you have a little bit of zest and life is good stay anywhere else or you will be sucked into a vortex of depression. The grim carpets are enough and I am English!
its clean tho and cheap.More
Ask parmantom about Comfort Hotel Toulouse Ramonville
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Choose the other Comfort Inn
The good things: the hotel was clean and it was easy to reach Toulouse (we wanted to see Albi, Carcasonne and not only Toulouse so we weren't interested on the downtown). It was also tons of free parking places.
The bad ones: the staff wasn't very kind, the did'nt speak other thing than french (or something similar to english, of course, not spanish). The swimming pool was similar to a bathtube, the sauna to a cupboard and the best of all: both were on the entrance, full of windows... so everybody could see you having a bath. Consequence: nobody uses these services and thery are closed (you have to ask for the key if you want to use them).
Only choose this hotel if you don't want to have parking problems and you are not going to have a long stay in Toulouse. There is antoher Comfort Inn in the downtown of the ville, same price i think.
Ask HansPfaall about Comfort Hotel Toulouse Ramonville
5 Thank HansPfaall
Chambre de qualité moyenne et vieillissante
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Stupid Facebook, almost made me feel special. : picsjump to contentmy subredditsannouncementsArtAskRedditaskscienceawwblogbookscreepydataisbeautifulDIYDocumentariesEarthPornexplainlikeimfiveFitnessfoodfunnyFuturologygadgetsgamingGetMotivatedgifshistoryIAmAInternetIsBeautifulJokesLifeProTipslistentothismildlyinterestingmoviesMusicnewsnosleepnottheonionOldSchoolCoolpersonalfinancephilosophyphotoshopbattlespicsscienceShowerthoughtsspacesportstelevisiontifutodayilearnedTwoXChromosomesUpliftingNewsvideosworldnewsWritingPromptsedit subscriptionsfront-all-random | listentothis-IAmA-UpliftingNews-gifs-funny-television-gaming-pics-Jokes-WritingPrompts-explainlikeimfive-philosophy-worldnews-todayilearned-TwoXChromosomes-gadgets-aww-Showerthoughts-personalfinance-askscience-OldSchoolCool-science-Art-space-history-Futurology-Fitness-photoshopbattles-AskReddit-Documentaries-GetMotivated-books-sports-food-nosleep-DIY-news-EarthPorn-tifu-dataisbeautiful-nottheonion-Music-creepy-videos-movies-LifeProTips-InternetIsBeautiful-mildlyinterestingmore » picscommentsrelatedwant to join? login or register in seconds|Englishlimit my search to /r/picsuse the following search parameters to narrow your results:subreddit:subredditfind submissions in "subreddit"author:usernamefind submissions by "username"site:example.comfind submissions from "example.com"url:textsearch for "text" in urlselftext:textsearch for "text" in self post contentsself:yes (or self:no)include (or exclude) self postsnsfw:yes (or nsfw:no)include (or exclude) results marked as NSFWe.g. subreddit:aww site:imgur.com dogsee the search faq for details.advanced search: by author, subreddit...this post was submitted on 29 Nov 20111 point (100% upvoted)shortlink: remember mereset passwordloginSubmit a new linkpicsunsubscribesubscribe6,490,804 readers11,855 users here nowA place to share photographs and pictures. Feel free to post your own, but please read the rules first (see below), and note that we are not a catch-all for general images (of screenshots, comics, etc.)
a community for 6 yearsmessage the moderatorsMODERATORSqgyh2krispykrackersBritishEnglishPoliceTbluejamt9000nullrenGuitarFreak027Lynda73roger_roger_bot...and 10 more »012Stupid Facebook, almost made me feel special. (memegenerator.net)submitted 2 years ago by chase-3161 commentsharecancelsorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onloading...all 1 commentssorted by: bestbesttopnewhotcontroversialoldrandom[+]chase-316[S] 0 points1 point2 points 2 years ago (0 children)[–]chase-316[S] 0 points1 point2 points 2 years agosorry, this has been archived and can no longer be voted onI'm sorry! My first post, I don't know how to change the subreddit!
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bombing of northwest airlines flight 253. we are now learning that u.s. border security officers were already planning to question the accused bomber when he landed in detroit. apparently, they had become worried about him after that plane took off from amsterdam. nbc's savannah guthrie's at the white house with more on this. savannah, good morning to you. >> reporter: well, good morning, matt. senior aides say that would have been standard procedure for border and customs officials based on the suspect's appearance on that terror database, but obviously would have been too late to stop this plot. meanwhile, today the president's top terror adviser releases his report on what the president has called a potentially catastrophic screw-up by the u.s. government. one day after 23-year-old umar farouk abdulmutallab was indicted for attempting to blow up a detroit-bound passenger jet, the president's top terror adviser will unveil his findings on how it happened, a detailed, unclassified outline of where the nation's intelligence system broke down. the president's national security adviser Search Results 0 to 10 of about 11 (some duplicates have been removed) | [
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9787535470676: Love is a separation of drifting away(Chinese Edition) - AbeBooks - ZHOU GUO PING . BI SHU MIN . XU ZHI MO . LIANG XIAO LIN: 753547067X
ZHOU GUO PING . BI SHU MIN . XU ZHI MO . LIANG XIAO LIN Love is a separation of drifting away(Chinese Edition)
ISBN 13: 9787535470676
Love is a separation of drifting away(Chinese Edition)
ZHOU GUO PING . BI SHU MIN . XU ZHI MO . LIANG XIAO LIN
ISBN 10: 753547067X ISBN 13: 9787535470676
Publisher: The Yangtze river wenyi press, 2014
Paperback. Pub Date: 2014-03-01 Pages: 436 Language: Chinese Publisher: changjiang literature and art publishing house. the love is a separation of drifting away for female readers select zhou guoping. bi shumin. chi li and other Chinese and foreign famous classic prose. this volume with emotion as the theme. divided into the past. such as porcelain. I make. and inside city. helpless life. such as 11 parts. includes many things cannot forget. love is not so good . such as masterpieces in current heart stray. expect the reader to connect the happiness and moved around. Contents : 1()2()3()4()5()6()7()8()9()10()11()1()2()3()4()5()6(.)7()1716()2()3()4()5()6()7()8()9()1()2()3()4()5()6()7()840()9()1()2()3()4()5()6()7()8()9()10()1()2()3()4()5()6()7()8(.)9()1()2()3()4()5()6()7(.)8()9()10()1()2()3()4()5()6()7()8()9()10(.)11()1()2()3()4()5()6()7()8()9()10()1()2()3()4()5()6()7()8()9...
1. Love is a separation of drifting away(Chinese Edition)
Published by The Yangtze river wenyi press (2014)
Book Description The Yangtze river wenyi press, 2014. Condition: New. book. Seller Inventory # M753547067X
2. Love is a separation of drifting away(Chinese Edition)
Book Description paperback. Condition: New. Paperback. Pub Date: 2014-03-01 Pages: 436 Language: Chinese Publisher: changjiang literature and art publishing house. the love is a separation of drifting away for female readers select zhou guoping. bi shumin. chi li and other Chinese and foreign famous classic prose. this volume with emotion as the theme. divided into the past. such as porcelain. I make. and inside city. helpless life. such as 11 parts. includes many things cannot forget. love is not so good . such as masterpieces in curr. Seller Inventory # BX002078 | [
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EL SEGUNDO, Calif., Jan. 23, 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- Today, Mattel, Inc. launched a new articulation of the Barbie "You Can Be Anything" campaign focused on inspiring and nurturing the limitless potential in every girl. The new spots, which feature real dads and their daughters playing Barbie®, is a follow up to the award-winning "Imagine the Possibilities" work celebrating a girl's journey to self-discovery through playing with Barbie.
To view the original version on PR Newswire, visit:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mattel-focuses-on-dad-with-new-barbie-campaign-300394376.html
Feb 10, 2017, 13:22 ET
Preview: Mattel Rebrands Mega Bloks® and Mega Construx™
Preview: Mattel's nabi® Brand Introduces First-Ever Connected Kids Room Platform In Tandem With Microsoft And Qualcomm - Aristotle™
Aug 04, 2017, 09:00 ET UNO® Card Game Surpasses Well-Known Board-Game Ranking As The #1...
Jun 20, 2017, 09:00 ET Barbie® Brand Reveals Most Diverse Ken® Lineup To Date | [
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The Croquet Player / H.G. Wells by H WELLS: Viking Press January 1937 Hardcover, First Edition. - Don Quixote Book Sellers
The Croquet Player / H.G. Wells
Published by Viking Press January 1937, 1937
Appears unread, crisp, clean, bright and tight. Fine/no jacket GREAT CONDITION, BEAUTIFUL COPY.Very light edgewear. this allegorical satire about a man fleeing from his evil dreams, written under the influence of the Spanish Civil War. The croquet player, as he comfortably sips his vermouth, listens to the strange and terrible tale of the haunted countryside of Cainsmarsh -- a horror which broadens and deepens until it embraces the whole world. Bookseller Inventory # 20090208104614
Title: The Croquet Player / H.G. Wells
Publisher: Viking Press January 1937 | [
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Boys Toy Box | eBay
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TUNiT: Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts - Bloomberg For more local news from India, visit Bloombergquint.com Bloomberg the Company & Its ProductsBloomberg Anywhere Remote LoginBloomberg Anywhere LoginBloomberg Terminal Demo Request Bloomberg
Bloomberg Anywhere Remote LoginDownload SoftwareService Center MENU Homepage Markets Stocks Currencies Commodities Rates + Bonds Economics Magazine Benchmark Watchlist Economic Calendar Tech Silicon Valley Global Tech Venture Capital Hacking Digital Media Bloomberg West Pursuits Cars & Bikes Style & Grooming Spend Watches & Gadgets Food & Drinks Travel Real Estate Art & Design Politics With All Due Respect Delegate Tracker Culture Caucus Podcast Masters In Politics Podcast What The Voters Are Streaming Editors' Picks Opinion View Gadfly Businessweek Subscribe Cover Stories Opening Remarks Etc Features 85th Anniversary Issue Behind The Cover More Industries Science + Energy Graphics Game Plan Small Business Personal Finance Inspire GO Board Directors Forum Sponsored Content Sign In Subscribe TUNiT: Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts Adidas' customizable soccer cleat lets you mix and match shoe components to find the right style for your activity Olga Kharif olgakharif April 21, 2006 — 6:32 AM EDT Share on FacebookShare on TwitterShare on WhatsApp Share on LinkedInShare on RedditShare on Google+E-mailShare on TwitterShare on WhatsApp Share on FacebookShare on TwitterShare on WhatsApp Share on LinkedInShare on RedditShare on Google+E-mailShare on TwitterShare on WhatsApp Editor's Rating:
The Good: Sock-soft, agile, adaptable
The Bad: They don't breathe, meaning hot feet The Bottom Line: A welcome addition to any soccer buff's sports kit
First it was a computerized running shoe. Now, it's a high-tech, customizable soccer cleat. Just in time for the 2006 World Soccer Cup in Germany, Adidas-Salomon (ADDYY) has unleashed the +F50 TUNiT, the latest in a lengthening list of shoes and clothing that mesh technological gadgetry with style.
TUNiT hit retailers' shelves on Apr. 1. The shoes are something of an athletic smorgasbord that lets the wearer mix and match the various parts of the shoe, from uppers to insoles to the studs that dig into the ground to improve traction.
A starter kit, including one set of uppers with one insole and three sets of replaceable studs, sells for $175. That's not cheap, but it's also not far from what a high-end pair of cleats costs these days anyway. A package that includes three uppers, two insoles, and three sets of studs will set you back $350. That set allows for 18 different cleat variations. PERSONAL STYLE.
And Adidas reckons variation is just what shoe buyers want. The company's internal research indicates that teens and young adults between 16 and 25 are ready to customize their shoes the way they already personalize things like cell phones and MP3 players such as Apple's (AAPL) iPod. "The young, aspirational consumer is all about looking different, standing out, but still being part of the team," says Klaus Filbry, vice-president of footwear marketing at Adidas.
The company has already delved into customizable shoes with its $250 Adidas 1 (see BW Online, 03/15/05, "Adidas: The Machine of a New Sole"). And sales of an earlier version of customizable soccer cleats rose 40% last year, Adidas says.
I got to try a bunch of TUNiT uppers and studs, and putting them together makes one feel a little bit like the village cobbler of days past. There I was, in the middle of the room surrounded by boxes with all manner of shoe parts. Inside the starter-kit box, containing the shoes and the three sets of studs, I found a little metal tool, like a piece of pipe, that I used to insert and remove the studs.
LIGHT AND SHINY.
Each set is designed for a certain kind of ground: firm, grass, and hard. And each is made of different material. Those for hard ground are made of plastic, for instance. The idea here is that the user doesn't have to buy multiple pairs of shoes. While most of my soccer-playing friends do just fine with one pair, those who play on different types of field would probably benefit from the TUNiT. The assembly was relatively easy. At first, I was slightly mystified by the instructions -- or the lack thereof -- on how to take out and insert the studs. But each box of studs was labeled (that it was intended for hard ground, for instance). And I figured out how to do everything within minutes. But a note of caution: Tighten the studs well to avoid injury, and make sure the studs are facing the right direction. Toward the heel, the pointed edge faces back. Everywhere else, it faces forward.
Once I had them on, studs and all, I found them extremely light. The uppers are made of shiny, synthetic microfiber, which, according to Adidas, is "built to last like leather." Indeed, after I accidentally kicked the toe of the shoe into asphalt while running, I couldn't find a single scratch. And the shoes are waterproof.
BREATHING PROBLEM. At the same time, the material is so soft you feel like you're wearing socks. That makes for easier ball handling and could aid in helping buyers break in the shoes in without forming blisters. There's also a lace cover to help you avoid missing shots and passes as a result of the ball making contact with the lacing.
The downside of a synthetic upper, though, is that the shoes don't breathe as well as ones made of leather. Adidas says it plans to introduce special uppers designed to keep feet cooler.
As for the sole, it's very flexible -- important for making quick, sharp moves during a game. That said, I felt the spikes a little bit through the sole when I tried the cleats on hard ground. It was as if the studs were too long for comfort. The cleats felt comfortable on soft ground and grass, though.
NIKE ATTACK.
Of course, Adidas isn't alone in making customizable shoes. The company's main rival, Nike (NKE), lets soccer players choose the color of their cleats' upper, laces, and plates. You can even get your initials stamped on the shoe. The problem is, you often have to wait five to seven weeks for your online order to arrive, and most kids (and adults) don't have that kind of patience.
It's apparent that the TUNiT is part of Adidas' plan for grabbing market share from Nike. After its just-closed acquisition of Reebok, Adidas has more than 20% of the U.S. market, compared with Nike's 44%. "I expect Adidas to be very aggressive," says John Shanley, an analyst with Susquehanna Financial Group.
Overall, I was pleased with my TUNiT experience. And while I wonder how large a market there is for such high-priced and highly customizable shoes, I can see how this pair would be a welcome addition to the wardrobe of many a die-hard soccer aficionado. | [
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In Too Deep (The 39 Clues Series #6) by Jude Watson | 9780545060462 | Hardcover | Barnes & Noble
Could Amy and Dan's biggest enemy be . . . a friend? Book 6 in the bestselling The 39 Clues series challenges everything you thought you knew about the Clue race.Fourteen-year-old Amy Cahill and her younger brother, Dan, head to the Land Down Under to discover what their own mother and father knew about the hunt for the 39 Clues. But following in their parents'… | [
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Federal Government Starts Another Shutdown - The New York Times
Archives|Federal Government Starts Another Shutdown
https://nyti.ms/29iQsvn
Federal Government Starts Another Shutdown
By ROBERT D. HERSHEY JR. DEC. 16, 1995
December 16, 1995, Page 001012 The New York Times Archives
For the second time in a month, the Federal Government began shutting down some operations today. This shutdown is expected to be less disruptive than the first one, at least as far as most Federal employees are concerned, but for the public, it's another matter.
Congress has approved and the President has signed several spending bills since the first shutdown, in mid-November, so this shutdown is expected to mean furloughs for only 280,000 workers, instead of the 800,000 let off last month. While the shutdown began today, its full effects will not be felt until Monday.
Still, with the Interior and State Departments included in the dozen pending appropriations bills, many Americans will be inconvenienced as soon as this morning.
Although Arizona officials agreed tonight to donate the money to keep the most popular areas of the Grand Canyon open to tourists, most national parks will close, turning away some 383,000 people who would be expected to visit them on a typical December day. So will the National Gallery of Art, the Kennedy Center and other Federal cultural institutions, some heavily patronized in the holiday season. The National Zoo and the Lincoln and other memorials will also be shut.
Asked if the lights on the big White House Christmas tree will have to be turned off, Mike McCurry, the White House spokesman, said that President Clinton had ordered the Office of Management and Budget to keep the tree lit. The President will pay the light bill himself if he has to, Mr. McCurry said.
Some citizens who were spared in November could be affected this time. The Veterans Administration's processing of claims is in jeopardy, Mr. McCurry said; if the money is not appropriated by Thursday, 3.3 million veterans or their survivors will not receive benefit checks due Jan. 1.
Passport offices will be closed on Monday; passports and visas will be issued only for emergencies.
So-called deadbeat dads, sought by the Federal Parent Locator Service for not paying child support, will not be pursued. The Small Business Administration will not process loans, nor will the Occupational Safety and Health Administration conduct workplace inspections.
But about 50,000 Social Security employees who were about to be recalled when November's partial shutdown ended will not be furloughed this time. Social Security field offices will stay open, and people will be able to apply for benefits.
The workers being furloughed were called "nonessential" in November but are called "nonemergency" workers now. All employees who work weekends were ordered to report, with supervisors poised to send nonemergency workers home. All other employees are to report for work Monday.
A version of this article appears in print on December 16, 1995, on Page 1001012 of the National edition with the headline: Federal Government Starts Another Shutdown. Order Reprints| Today's Paper|Subscribe | [
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Captain Woodrow Call, Gus McCrae's old partner, once a youthful Texas Ranger, is now a bounty hunter hired to track down a brutal young Mexican bandit. Riding with Call are an Eastern city slicker, a witless deputy, and one of the last members of the Hat Creek outfit, Pea Eye Parker, now married to Lorena - once Gus's sweetheart. Their long, perilous chase leads them across the last wild stretches of the West into a hellhole known as Crow Town and, finally, deep into the vast, relentless plains of the Texas frontier. The ... Read More
Captain Woodrow Call, Gus McCrae's old partner, once a youthful Texas Ranger, is now a bounty hunter hired to track down a brutal young Mexican bandit. Riding with Call are an Eastern city slicker, a witless deputy, and one of the last members of the Hat Creek outfit, Pea Eye Parker, now married to Lorena - once Gus's sweetheart. Their long, perilous chase leads them across the last wild stretches of the West into a hellhole known as Crow Town and, finally, deep into the vast, relentless plains of the Texas frontier. The final novel in the Lonesome Dove quartet, Streets of Laredo is an exhilarating, elegiac and achingly poignant tale of heroism and friendship. Read Less
ISBN 0671537466
ISBN-13 9780671537463
Alibris ID 14314806159
ISBN 0671792822
ISBN-13 9780671792824
Alibris ID 14289541863
Alibris ID 14313004670
Alibris ID 14170207578
ISBN-13 9780671792817
Alibris ID 14257399730
Good. 0671792814 (4-18) Note: Book is a former library book and has library stickers and/or markings on or inside the front or back cover and/or spine and may not have a dust jacket if hardcover...former library or school books may also be re-bound or library bound, so could be hardcover rather than paperback, even if the ISBN is for the paperback. Old library books from the 1980s or earlier may also be musty or have an odor. Please ask before buying if you need to know more about the specific condition of a particular book. Additional items ship at a discounted rate (not free). Please ask for details. Please Note: Pictures may be catalog/stock photos and NOT an actual picture of the actual item being sold. If you are looking for a particular cover art or edition, please ask BEFORE buying. Typical transit time for standard media mail is 7-10 business days.
Alibris ID 12127495748
Alibris ID 14194429236
Alibris ID 14176386024
Alibris ID 14139593047
Alibris ID 14319742177
Select 1994, Pocket Books
1994, Weidenfeld & Nicolson History, London
All Editions of Streets of Laredo | [
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Latest revision as of 04:06, 22 September 2016 (view source) Hanna5974 (talk | contribs) m (Text replacement - "== Online Resources ==" to "== Online Databases ==") (11 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)Line 1:
+''{{Scotland-sidebar}}
The term genealogy is used here to describe records that contain family information gathered by individuals, societies, or archives. These records may include pedigree charts, compiled family information, correspondence, ancestor lists, research exchange files, record abstracts, and collections of original or copied documents. These excellent sources of information can save you valuable time. However, these types of records may contain inaccuracies, and you should verify the information found in them. The term genealogy is used here to describe records that contain family information gathered by individuals, societies, or archives. These records may include pedigree charts, compiled family information, correspondence, ancestor lists, research exchange files, record abstracts, and collections of original or copied documents. These excellent sources of information can save you valuable time. However, these types of records may contain inaccuracies, and you should verify the information found in them. +== Online Databases ==
+*[http://www.genealogylinks.net/uk/scotland/index.htmlAll-Scotland: Cemeteries | Censuses | Marriages | Military | Passenger Lists | Societies] +*[http://archive.org/search.php?query=scotland%20genealogy Scotland Genealogies] +*[https://books.google.com/books?id=SadRAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=genealogy+books&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KUidVbTzAcq1-AH3mYqYBQ&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=genealogy%20books&f=false The Seaton Family, with Genealogy and Biographies]
+*[http://www.clanrutherfurd.org/Genealogy.aspx Rutherford Clan]
[[Scotland Nobility]] describes genealogical sources for noble families. [[Scotland Nobility]] describes genealogical sources for noble families. Line 11:
Ferguson, Joan P.S. ''Scottish Family Histories.'' Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, 1986. (Family History Library {{FHL|941 D23f|disp=book Ref. 941 D23f}}.) This book lists over 3,200 family histories. Ferguson, Joan P.S. ''Scottish Family Histories.'' Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, 1986. (Family History Library {{FHL|941 D23f|disp=book Ref. 941 D23f}}.) This book lists over 3,200 family histories. −You can also find family histories by using the Surname Search of the Family History Library Catalog. However, the catalog lists only the major surnames discussed in each history. +You can also find family histories by using the Surname Search of the FamilySearch Catalog. However, the catalog lists only the major surnames discussed in each history. −The Family History Library has some genealogical collections for Scottish families, including published and unpublished collections of family histories and lineages, research files of prominent genealogists, and a few surname indexes. You can find other genealogical information on families by using the Locality Search of the Family History Library Catalog. Look under the following headings: +The Family History Library has some genealogical collections for Scottish families, including published and unpublished collections of family histories and lineages, research files of prominent genealogists, and a few surname indexes. You can find other genealogical information on families by using the Locality Search of the FamilySearch Catalog. Look under the following headings: GREAT BRITAIN - GENEALOGY GREAT BRITAIN - GENEALOGY Line 37:
The following publications show names and addresses of individuals and the family names they are researching. Using them may help you coordinate your research efforts. Search several editions since they are published yearly, and specific family names may appear in only one edition. The following publications show names and addresses of individuals and the family names they are researching. Using them may help you coordinate your research efforts. Search several editions since they are published yearly, and specific family names may appear in only one edition. −Caley, Iris Louise, ed. ''1993 National Genealogical Directory.'' Stoke St. Michael, Somerset: National Genealogical Directory, 1993. (Family History Library {{FHL|11091|title-id|disp=book 942 D24na}}.) +Caley, Iris Louise, ed. ''''1993 National Genealogical Directory.'''' Stoke St. Michael, Somerset: National Genealogical Directory, 1993. (Family History Library {{FHL|11091|title-id|disp=book 942 D24na}}.) −Johnson, Keith A., and Malcolm R. Sainty. ''Genealogical Research Directory.'' Sydney, Australia: Genealogical Research Directory Editors, 1996. (Family History Library{{FHL|929.1025 G286grd|disp=book Ref 929.1025 G286grd}}.) +Johnson, Keith A., and Malcolm R. Sainty. ''''Genealogical Research Directory.'''' Sydney, Australia: Genealogical Research Directory Editors, 1996. (Family History Library{{FHL|929.1025 G286grd|disp=book Ref 929.1025 G286grd}}.) −Federation of Family History Societies. ''British Isles Genealogical Register ("The BIG-R").'' 1994. (Family History Library {{FHL|732991|title-id|disp=fiche 6344825}}.) +Federation of Family History Societies. ''''British Isles Genealogical Register ("The BIG-R").'''' 1994. (Family History Library {{FHL|732991|title-id|disp=fiche 6344825}}.) The Guild of One Name Studies publishes the following list of organizations that study specific surnames: The Guild of One Name Studies publishes the following list of organizations that study specific surnames: −''Register of One Name Studies.'' 7th ed. Solihull, England: Federation of Family History Societies, 1996. (Family History Library{{FHL|942 D24re |disp=book 942 D24re 1996}}.) +''''Register of One Name Studies.'''' 7th ed. Solihull, England: Federation of Family History Societies, 1996. (Family History Library{{FHL|942 D24re |disp=book 942 D24re 1996}}.) −Since most persons with the same surname are not related, you will need to determine whether a name listed in one of the above sources belongs to your family. You might have to do some research in original records to connect your family to a family listed in one of these sources. +Since most persons with the same surname are not related, you will need to determine whether a name listed in one of the above sources belongs to your family. You might have to do some research in original records to connect your family to a family listed in one of these sources.
−Sharing your own family history is valuable for several reasons:<br>+Sharing your own family history is valuable for several reasons:<br> *It helps you see gaps in your own research and raises opportunities to find new information. *It helps you see gaps in your own research and raises opportunities to find new information. Line 62:
− −=== External Links === − −*http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/home/scotland/genealogy.html −*http://www.genealogylinks.net/uk/scotland/index.html −*http://www.ukgenealogy.co.uk/scotland.htm {{Template:Pros-Scot}} {{Template:Pros-Scot}} Line 73:
{{Place|Scotland}} {{Place|Scotland}} −[[Category:Scotland|Genealogy]]+[[Category:Scotland|Genealogy]][[Category:Compiled Genealogies]]
Archives & libraries Societies Family History Centers The term genealogy is used here to describe records that contain family information gathered by individuals, societies, or archives. These records may include pedigree charts, compiled family information, correspondence, ancestor lists, research exchange files, record abstracts, and collections of original or copied documents. These excellent sources of information can save you valuable time. However, these types of records may contain inaccuracies, and you should verify the information found in them. Contents
1.1 Unique Family History Library Indexes
1.3 Research Coordination
Cemeteries | Censuses | Marriages | Military | Passenger Lists | Societies Scotland Genealogies The Seaton Family, with Genealogy and Biographies
Scotland Nobility describes genealogical sources for noble families. Unique Family History Library Indexes
The following publications show names and addresses of individuals and the family names they are researching. Using them may help you coordinate your research efforts. Search several editions since they are published yearly, and specific family names may appear in only one edition. Caley, Iris Louise, ed. '1993 National Genealogical Directory.' Stoke St. Michael, Somerset: National Genealogical Directory, 1993. (Family History Library book 942 D24na.) Johnson, Keith A., and Malcolm R. Sainty. 'Genealogical Research Directory.' Sydney, Australia: Genealogical Research Directory Editors, 1996. (Family History Librarybook Ref 929.1025 G286grd.) Federation of Family History Societies. 'British Isles Genealogical Register ("The BIG-R").' 1994. (Family History Library fiche 6344825.) The Guild of One Name Studies publishes the following list of organizations that study specific surnames: 'Register of One Name Studies.' 7th ed. Solihull, England: Federation of Family History Societies, 1996. (Family History Librarybook 942 D24re 1996.) Since most persons with the same surname are not related, you will need to determine whether a name listed in one of the above sources belongs to your family. You might have to do some research in original records to connect your family to a family listed in one of these sources.
Retrieved from "https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=Scotland_Compiled_Genealogies&oldid=2661127" Categories: ScotlandCompiled Genealogies Navigation menu | [
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Store Cashier Jobs, Employment in Amsterdam, NY
Store Cashier jobs in Amsterdam, NY
Pharmacy Cashier, Part-Time or Full-Time
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As applicable, this position will assist in executing visual programs and creating visually compelling merchandise displays, fixtures and store layouts....
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Apparel Sales Associate (8565860)
Get email updates for the latest Store Cashier jobs in Amsterdam, NY | [
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Berrin_2012 in Stuttgart - TripAdvisor
Profile Badge collection Travel map Berrin_2012's Stuttgart, Germany View all Berrin_2012's cities 5 Contributions 4 Reviews | 1 Rating Sort by: Date posted Date posted Reviews first Alphabetical Top rated Grid View List View Back to top
Mercedes-Benz Museum Mercedesstrasse 100Posted Jan 26, 2014 Wilhelma Zoo and Botanical Garden Wilhelma 13Posted Jan 26, 2014 "Zoo and botanical garden together"I decided to visit the Zoo on the basis of reviews and notes that it is one of the biggest in Europe...read more Kunstmuseum Stuttgart Kleiner Schlossplatz 1Posted Jan 26, 2014 "If you have time Friday long night"I liked the fact that it was open until 21.00 at Friday night, I only visited the main standing exhi...read more Sushi Circle Rotebuehlplatz 18Posted Jan 26, 2014 "A restaurant to fullfill your sushi hunger"The restaurant is at a corner of a street, where also other restaurants are placed. We entered the p...read more Novum Hotel Boulevard Stuttgart City Marienstr. 3bPosted Jan 26, 2014 "Just at thebeginnin of the shopping street"I have choosen his hotel for its good price and location and it is proven hat it was a good choice. ...read more Know better. Book better. Go better. © 2017 TripAdvisor LLC All rights reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Site Map* TripAdvisor LLC is not a booking agent and does not charge any service fees to users of our site... (more) TripAdvisor LLC is not responsible for content on external web sites. Taxes, fees not included for deals content. EXPLOREAbout UsHelp CenterCURRENCY/COUNTRY$USDUnited States | [
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P. 1Our Little SP House on Kentucky Street, 1945Our Little SP House on Kentucky Street, 1945Ratings: (0)|Views: 11|Likes: 0Published by Gilbert Gia"We had the house on Kentucky Street nearest to the railroad tracks, and the sound of trains rolling past was one of my earliest memories. I don’t recall that the noise ever bothered any of us or prevented us from sleeping, although my parents may have felt differently."--Frank Kent Rodgers recalling 1945"We had the house on Kentucky Street nearest to the railroad tracks, and the sound of trains rolling past was one of my earliest memories. I don’t recall that the noise ever bothered any of us or prevented us from sleeping, although my parents may have felt differently."--Frank Kent Rodgers recalling 1945More info:Categories:Types, Research, HistoryPublished by: Gilbert Gia on Mar 30, 2010Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.download as PDF or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee moreSee lesshttps://www.scribd.com/doc/29194051/Our-Little-SP-House-on-Kentucky-Street-194510/22/2010pdf M|{ Nhyynl W_ Cm|wl Hf K`jl{wdhlni
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Culture and Biblical Hermeneutics: Interpreting and Applying the Authoritative Word in a Relativistic Age / Edition 1 by William J. Larkin Jr. | 9780819192196 | Paperback | Barnes & Noble
Culture and Biblical Hermeneutics: Interpreting and Applying the Authoritative Word in a Relativistic Age / Edition 1
William J. Larkin Jr.William J. Larkin Jr.
ISBN-10: 0819192198
ISBN-13: 9780819192196
This volume grapples with what the author calls "the challenge that historical and cultural relativism poses to the hermeneutical process when applied to the authoritative Scripture." The author addresses this 'challenge' by analyzing both the roots and the current state of biblical hermeneutics and by developing a biblical theology of hermeneutics and culture.
This volume grapples with what the author calls "the challenge that historical and cultural relativism poses to the hermeneutical process when applied to the authoritative Scripture." The author addresses this 'challenge' by analyzing both the roots and the current state of biblical hermeneutics and by developing a biblical theology of hermeneutics and culture. Larkin begins his historical analysis by uncovering the origin of the major thought forms and patterns that have shaped contemporary hermeneutical discussion. He then focuses on evangelical and nonevangelical contributions to the debate. Culling the writings of biblical scholars and missiologists, he outlines how they have addressed such issues as the nature and authority of Scripture, the interpreter's preunderstanding, and contextualization. Among other vitally important subjects, Larkin also discusses the role of the Holy Spirit and man in the interpretive process. He concludes with guidelines for interpreting and applying Scripture, concentrating on the cultural factors-both ancient and modern-involved in this procedure. Originally published in 1988 by Baker Book House.
9780819192196
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P. 1gelombang_elektromagnetikgelombang_elektromagnetikRatings: (0)|Views: 41
|Likes: 1Published by Valdo MongiMore info:Published by: Valdo Mongi on Oct 06, 2011Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.download as PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee moreSee lesshttp://www.scribd.com/doc/67792641/gelombang-elektromagnetik12/07/2011pdftextoriginal You're Reading a Free Preview
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Vintage Home & Hobby | Etsy
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Tatopani Hot Spring Tours & Tickets - (Tatopani, Nepal) | TripAdvisor
Tatopani Vacation Packages
Tatopani Hot Spring (Tatopani, Nepal): Tours & Tickets
Tatopani Hot Spring: Tours & Tickets
#2 of 3 things to do in Tatopani
Tatopani 33200, Nepal
“Perfect place for sore muscles”
“Fun experience - and best option for a hot shower”
Tatopani Hot Spring Tours and Tickets
Upper Mustang Tour Package!
12 days Annapurna Panorama & Tatopani Trek
Manaslu Circuit: Hidden Gem of Nepal
9 Days West Langtang Valley Tamang Heritage...
A warm concrete bath
Firstly I would like to say that if you are in Tatopani then you would probably want to go but please for the love of god do not endure a very long bus ride to this place (and another very long bus ride away from...More
4 Thank Frothing
RobbieHumphries
Hard to Get to but amazing water
Tatopani was affected quite badly in the earthquake. The hot springs themselves seem to be ok, or they have been restored, however the roads are pretty bad especially after The Last Resort which is about 15 miles down the valley. The Chinese are also building...More
Thank RobbieHumphries
Perfect place for sore muscles
If trekking has given you sore legs these hot springs may help you get back to normal. It is very colorful place with lots of local and overseas visitors and very hot spring water. If you have not had a hot bath while trekking this...More
Fun experience - and best option for a hot shower
I went to the hot springs twice during a 2-day stay in Tatopani. After having hiked for 4 days with limited access to hot showers, letting myself into the hot pools was a pure luxury. There is also a hot shower available. Remember you are...More
Good 37 degree soak just before dusk
Take a torch as coming back up steep steps in dark from riverside to hotels can be tricky. Good mix of locals and tourists, seemed ok for both genders. A place to soap up and wash clothes separate to the pools. Most people stacked their...More
Relaxing after treaking
Owo nice place . God gifted place . Hot water tatopaani pounds plus really nice. Clean and helpful people . You must visit . If you have some skin disigs you must visit. Visit again.
5 Thank Hurryup2011
Slippery scum at the shower, but great water temp without the rotten eggs smell
Many hot springs have the rotten egg smell, but not this one. Shower prior to the pool is enforced (great idea), but you have to buy your own soap. You also have to get your own towels. So come prepared. Having flip flops may help...More
Seriana V
Agressive ladies!
Me and my father wanned to visit the hot springs in tatopani. At the start I already wasn't amused with what I saw, the ladies trew all their rubbish in the river next to the hot springs. In Nepal this is maybe normal but in...More
1 Thank Seriana V
An interesting place to visit and enjoy the hot spring bath. Many people visits here with religious belief as well as with the thought that such hot water cures skin diseases - not sure if it really does. The maintenance and cleanliness is very poor...More
Good after hard trekking
After a hard week of trekking, the warm pool is a good way of relaxing. It's pretty basic and rual, but since this is Nepal, this is also the experince one should be seeking The water is HOT and the view is beautiful Changing areas...More
2 Thank peteraB6859EU
Get quick answers from Tatopani Hot Spring staff and past visitors.
What is the distance of Tatopani from Johnson n pokhra ? Are taxies available from Jomsom or Pokhra ?
There is a bus from Pokhara. It took us most of the day, as the roads are tricky. Tatopani is closer to Jomsom, perhaps walkable in a couple of days... 4WD taxis are available, at a higher price. | [
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Patent US4449145 - Intelligent teletext decoder - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsAn equalizer and decoder system compensating for multipath distortion in digital format signals sent by teletext, for example. The system loads demodulated data signals and a received reference signal into a charge coupled device clocked in real time by a clock circuit. Later, the reference pulse is...http://www.google.com/patents/US4449145?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4449145 - Intelligent teletext decoderAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4449145 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 06/493,129Publication dateMay 15, 1984Filing dateJun 13, 1983Priority dateJan 24, 1980Fee statusPaidPublication number06493129, 493129, US 4449145 A, US 4449145A, US-A-4449145, US4449145 A, US4449145AInventorsWalter S. CicioraOriginal AssigneeZenith Radio CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (4), Non-Patent Citations (21), Referenced by (12), Classifications (8), Legal Events (11) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetIntelligent teletext decoderUS 4449145 AAbstract An equalizer and decoder system compensating for multipath distortion in digital format signals sent by teletext, for example. The system loads demodulated data signals and a received reference signal into a charge coupled device clocked in real time by a clock circuit. Later, the reference pulse is clocked to a microprocessor which determines tap coefficients for a transversal filter to correct the multipath distortion in the reference signal. The data signals are then applied to a transversal filter weighted with the calculated tap weights. After filtering, signals are decoded by the microprocessor.
In another embodiment a charge coupled device with tapped stages is used at one time for receiving the data signals in real time, and at a later time for part of a transversal filter.
In a simplest embodiment, distortions are removed by the microprocessor itself, without any separate transversal filter.
What is claimed is: 1. A machine implemented method for use with a receiver which receives both transmitted digital format data signals and a transmitted reference signal, for equalizing said digital format data signals according to distortion exhibited by said reference signal and decoding said digital format data signals, comprising the steps of:loading said reference signal into a time base expander having an input and an output in real time; then applying the reference signal from the output of said time base expander at a selectable rate to another circuit and therein automatically and electronically calculating adjustment signals based on said reference signal for correcting said reference signal; adjusting a filter having tap weights in accordance with an adjustment signal to obtain weighted taps; loading said digital format data signals into said filter; equalizing said digital format data signals in said filter, including generating weighted signals in accordance with the weighted taps and said digital format data signals in said filter thereby to obtain an equalized data signal; and then decoding said equalized data signal. 2. The method according to claim 1 wherein said time base expander comprises a charge coupled device.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein said another circuit includes a microprocessor.
4. The method according to claim 1 wherein said filter comprises a charge coupled device transversal filter having a plurality of stages and corresponding taps coupled to be weighted in accordance with said adjustment signals, and wherein said equalizing step includes generating signals weighted in accordance with said taps and the data in said stages and summing the weighted signals.
5. A machine implemented method for use with a receiver which receives both transmitted digital format data signals and a transmitted reference signal, for equalizing said digital format data signals according to distortion exhibited by said reference signal and decodng said digital format data signals, comprising the steps of:loading said reference signal in real time into tapped timed base expander having an input and an output; applying said reference signal from said output of said time base expander at a selectable rate to another circuit and therein automatically and electronically calculating adjustment signals based on said reference signal for correcting said reference signal; storing said adjustment signals; loading said digital format data signals into said tapped time base expander in real time; equalizing said digital format data signals in the tapped time base expander, including generating weighted signals in accordance with said stored adjustment signals and said digital format data in said tapped time base expander thereby to obtain an equalized data signal; and then decoding said equalized data signal. 6. The method according to claim 5 wherein said storing step includes storing said adjustment signals in a tap weight storage.
7. The method according to claim 6 wherein said equalizing step includes applying signals from said tapped time base expander to weighting circuits adjusted in accordance with said adjustment signals stored in said tap weight storage, and summing the output of said tap weighting circuits.
8. The method according to claim 5 wherein said reference signal and said digital format data signals are loaded into a tapped time base expander in real time, and wherein said applying said reference signal step includes clocking said reference signal to said tapped time base expander to said another circuit at a selected rate slower than the real time rate.
9. A machine implemented method for use with a receiver which receives both transmitted digital format data signals and a transmitted reference signal for equalizing said digital format data signals according to distortion exhibited by said reference signals and decoding said digital format data signals, comprising the steps of:clocking said reference signal in real time to a charged coupled device having an input, an output, and several tapped stages; clocking said reference signal from said input to said output and applying it therefrom to a microprocessor device; calculating, in said microprocessor device, tap weights for an equalizer for correcting distortion based on said reference signal received by said microprocessor device; storing said calculated tap weights in a tap weight storage; clocking said digital format data signals into said charge coupled device in real time; weighting said digital format data signals in said charge coupled device in accordance with said tap weights and obtaining equalized data signals; decoding said equalized signal. 10. The method according to claim 9 wherein said clocking said reference signal from said input to said output occurs at a rate slower than the real time rate.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 276,730, filed June 24, 1981, now abandoned, which is a division of Ser No. 114,930, filed Jan. 24, 1980, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,333,109.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to telecommunications and, more particularly, to improvements in communication of textual data in digital format via television, such as teletext systems.
Teletext refers generally to a system for communicating textual information in a digital format via an appropriately modified broadcast television transmitter and receiver. It is a product of the constant effort in modern civilization to provide improved communication, and specifically to find increased uses for television. Television can be used to broadcast textual information in the typical video picture format, but teletext systems increase efficiency since they communicate textual information simultaneously with typical program transmission. In the various systems throughout the world for teletext, including ORACLE in the United Kingdom, Antiope in France, and the trial teletext systems in the United States, information is transmitted from a transmission station to multiple recipients during the so-called "vertical interval." For those who are unfamiliar with television operation and this vertical interval, a television receiver includes a cathode ray tube which generates an electron beam. The electron beam scans, i.e. moves from left to right, the cathode ray tube at a predetermined rate. When the electron beam reaches the right side of the tube, it is blanked (made invisible) and caused to retrace rapidly to the left side of the tube but one line lower to continue forming an image on the television screen. When the electron beam reaches the bottom of the screen, internal blanking circuits darken the beam so that it does not produce an image, and a vertical sweep circuit causes the dark beam to retrace to the top of the screen. The time during which that darkening and retracing occurs is the vertical interval.
In the United States, the time which this vertical interval occupies is approximately 1333 microseconds, which approximates the time required for scaning twenty-one horizontal (display) lines. Thus, Twenty-one lines which are not used for viewing the television image are available for other types of communication.
Normally the teletext system communicates the textual information in a digital rather than video format, but the teletext signals are, in fact, analog representations of digital bits. The digital format is used because under present technology a piece of information such as an alphabetical letter can be telecommunicated in less time using digital techniques than video ones. Typically, at the transmitter, the textual information is digitally encoded according to American National Standards Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) format and is often protected by a Hamming code. The digital format data is transmitted during the vertical interval, and the received signal is demodulated, decoded and generally stored for subsequent use or, less often, displayed immediately on the television screen.
For normal video broadcasts, particularly in urban regions, the transmitted signal may reach a particular receiver by more than one path due to reflections of the transmitted signal off of buildings or other objects. This phenomenon, known as multipath, creates a disturbing and unpleasant video display. The distortion caused to digital data, however, is of a different and vastly more destructive character due to overlapping of digital bits of information. This is called intersymbol interference.
Linear distortion can be overcome, theoretically, as set forth more particularly by H. A. Wheeler, "The Interpretation of Amplitude and Phase Distortion in Terms of Paired Echoes," Proc. I.R.E., Vol. 27, June 1939, pp. 359-385. Paired-echo theory indicates that linear types of distortion can be approximated in terms of appropriate sets of paired echoes displaced in time about the undistorted transmitted signal. Specifically, linear distortions consist of the undistorted transmitted signal plus at least one pre-echo similar in shape to the undistorted signal, but preceeding it in time by some amount t1, and a corresponding post-echo also similar in shape to the undistorted signal but following it in time by the same amount of time t1. Generally, all linear distortions, regardless of origin, can be expressed as a sum of pre-echo and post-echoes of the undistorted signals. The process of removing distortions from a communication channel, including ghosts, is referred to as channel equalization and is implemented by devices known as channel equalizers.
Channel equalization has been proposed for teletext, but a workable system has not been developed. In S. K. Goyal and S. C. Armfield, "Reception of Teletext under Multipath Conditions,"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. CE-25, No. 3, (July 1979), Goyal and Armfield suggested the use of a transversal filter in combination with an appropriate training waveform to maintain data reliability despite multipath distortion. They simulated a deghosting system using transversal filters with variable tap weights with one of four different training wave forms. After appropriate adjustment of the tap weights, the ghosted data was passed through the filter for deghosting and consequent improvement in the eye pattern, indicating increased reliability of digital data. Goyal and Armfield conducted their experiment on an IBM 370/168 computer in conjunction with a digital frame store system with eight bit resolution and a sampling rate four times the subcarrier frequency. Following the teachings in W. Ciciora, G. Sprignoli and W. Thomas, "A Tutorial on Ghost Cancelling in Television Systems," IEEE Trans. on Consumer Elec., Vol. CE-25, No. 1, pp. 9-44 (February 1979), as well as those of H. Thedick, "Adaptive Multipath Equalization for TV Broadcasting," IEEE Trans. on Consumer Elec., Vol. CE-23, No. 2, pp. 175-181 (May 1977); E. Arnon, "An Adaptive Equalizer for Television Channels," IEEE Trans. on Comm. Tech., Vol. Com. 17, pp. 726-734 (December 1969); and K. Yamamoto, N. Yamaguchi, N. Miyata, "Ghost Reduction Systems for Television Receivers," IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, Vol. CE-23, pp. 327-344 (August 1977), Goyal and Armfield found a feed-forward transversal filter operating on a baseband signal to be an acceptable deghosting method. They simulated an adaptive deghosting system using a 128-tap transversal filter with various types of training signals. The tap weights were adjusted by running the training wave form for five hundred passes to calculate the tap coeffecients. After such adjustment, they found that the adaptive equalization improved data reliability. Clearly, equipping every teletext recipient with an IBM 370 computer at a cost of over one million dollars per computer is not a feasible solution for enhancing teletext data reliability.
Another proposal or plan for equalization of digital data involves PBS' Captioning for the Deaf system, which displays textual information at the bottom of the television screen along with the transmitted video image. The PBS signal format includes an adaptive equalizer reference signal which is transmitted every eigth frame. An associated multipath filter may be microcomputer based as set forth in Thedick, op. cit. However, it would suffer significant speed limitations, as it once samples the reference pulse each time it appears--once each eight frames. Data about the reference pulse would very slowly be built up on a memory, and a filter would adaptively equalize the communication. Such a system would not effectively equalize the channel in a high data rate system.
Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to improve the reliability of textual data communications via television at a modest cost.
A further object is to provide an improved system which does not require a large and powerful computer.
A further object is to provide an improved teletext decoder arrangement.
Another object is to equalize teletext signals to overcome multipath distortion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The foregoing and other objects are achieved by the invention defined by the appended claims. Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a typical television receiver equipped with apparatus for receiving teletext information;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of an improved teletext decoder according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of an improved teletext decoder according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a CCD transversal filter which may be used in the embodiment of FIG. 3; and
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of an improved teletext decoder according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 illustrates a typical television color receiver 10 (above the dotted line) equipped with a teletext receiver section 12 and its supporting control apparatus (below the dotted line). The receiver 10 includes the typical tuner 14, channel selector 16, a video demodulator including an intermediate frequency section 18 and detector 20, a chroma decoder, amplifier and control section 22, a mixer and video output stage 24, a cathode ray tube (CRT) 26, a deflection circuit 28 controlled by a sync separator 30 which is coupled to video detector 20, and sound detector. The teletext section 12 includes a teletext decoder 34 receiving demodulated signals from the video detector 20. Control of various functions, such as requests for channel identification, time display, index page display, textual updating activation or deactivation, or superimposition of the text on the normal television picture, for instance, is provided via a manual controller 36 or a remote controller 38 cooperating with a remote control decoder 40. The teletext section 12 shares the mixer and video output stage 24. In operation, teletext receiver section 12 receives demodulated digital data, decodes it and holds the data in accordance with user entered commands via a controller 36 and 38. When a display command is entered, for example, the receiver 12 interrupts commercial television programming and causes a page of text to be displayed on CRT 26. Teletext decoder 34 outputs the blanking, synchronizing and chroma signals necessary for proper CRT operation.
The receiver shown in FIG. 1 includes no equalizer for overcoming multipath distortion. I have found that "time base expansion," described fully in my U.S. Pat. No. 4,091,418, "Automatic Channel Equalization with Time Base Expansion," which is hereby incorporated herein by this reference, can be salutorily applied to digital communication via television. In my prior pattent, a television receiver was improved by including a charge coupled device (CCD) which received analog data including a reference signal at one rate and clocked it to a control section at a slower rate. Due to the manageable speed, the control section adjusted tap weights on a transversal filter, thereby to adaptively equalize the channel and counteract the effects of multipath distortion.
Time base expansion apparatus is shown in FIG. 2 which illustrates one embodiment of a teletext decoder according to the present invention. In FIG. 2, a CCD time expander 50 is clocked by a timing circuit 52 to receive demodulated teletext signals from detector 20. The timing circuit 52 receives inputs from the vertical and horizontal outputs of sync separator 30 (FIG. 1) and clocks the CCD time expander 50 only when teletest signals are received. Thus, time expander 50 does not admit video display signals, which are processed by conventional techniques in the television receiver 10. Typically, textual information is sent over a teletext system only one or two lines (or text) at a single time, and the number of stages in CCD time expander 50 is sufficient to admit all the data transmitted in teletext format in a single field of video. After the demodulated but still "ghosted" information is clocked into time expander 50, timing circuits 52 clock the date out at a slower rate than it was received to ease the computing requirements for equalization. The data signals are applied via a suitable analogue to digital (A/D) converter 54, such as a successive approximation type converter, to a microprocessor 56. Microprocessor 56 applies equalization algorithms to the digital data signals to remove the distortions suffered between the transmitter and the receiver and even distortions originating inside the receiver. The Lucky algrithm, for example, and others as are well known to those skilled in the art, can be used. Microprocessor 56 then decodes the data. Typically, the system will store the deghosted data in some memory device such as a random access memory (RAM) or circulating memory such as a CCD or bubble memory. When the system user requests a display, microprocessor 56 will read the deghosted data and decode it by referring to a read-only memory (ROM), for example, which contains full information for converting from ASC II code to alphanumeric symbols. Decoding of teletext data is not set forth elaborately here inasmuch as it is within the skill of the art. Alternatively, the system may decode the teletext data and store decoded data in a memory device. In any event, microprocessor 56 outputs signals for blanking, three chroma signals and two timing signals.
A second embodiment of an adaptive equalizer for teletext according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 3, where the demodulated teletext data and reference signals are clocked into a CCD time expander 60 by timing circuits 62. The reference signals are applied via an A/D converter 64, to a microprocessor 66 equipped with a memory. The transmitted reference signals have known characteristics, and the microprocessor, in accordance with known techniques, compares the reference signals as received with a local reference stored within microprocessor 66 to calculate the necessary tap weights to enable a transversal filter 68 to correct the distortions in the reference signal. The tap weight signals are applied to filter 68 via a data bus 70. Next, the textual data (still an analog representation of digital data) are clocked at a slower rate determined by timing circuits 62 into and through filter 68 where they are equalized. The equalized data is next applied to a second A/D converter 72 for digitizing, i.e. symbol decision, after which they are applied to microprocessor 66 for decoding and/or storage for subsequent use. Synchronizing, blanking, and chroma signals are also provided by microprocessor 66.
FIG. 4 illustrates CCD transversal filter 68. Such a filter is presently commercially available from various companies, such as Reticon, for instance. Normally, the data rate from teletext signals is far too high for real time adjustment of a CCD transversal filter. But with use of the time expander 60, the relatively inexpensive and commercially available CCD transversal filters can be used for equalization, thereby to enhance teletext reliability. In FIG. 4, a CCD 80 includes a data input 81 and a clock pulse input 82 for pulses from a clock 83. CCD 80 includes a plurality of stages 84, each of which has an associated tap 85. Each such tap 85 couples the signal at its corresponding stage to a respective weighting device 86 which responds to signals from bus 70. Weighted signals are outputted by each device 86 and applied to a summer 87 which accumulates the weighted signals. An output 88 of summer 87 provides the output of filter 68.
FIG. 5 illustrates a third embodiment of an adaptive equalizer for teletext decoder according to the present invention wherein a CCD time expander and a CCD transversal filter are combined as one integrated circuit 90 for cost and space efficiency. Integrated circuit 90 cooperates with an input selection switch device 92, a microprocessor with associated memory 94, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 96, a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter 98 and timing circuits 100. It will be understood that A/D and D/A converters 96 and 98 may be incorporated in circuit 90 if desired.
Circuit 90 functions both as a time expander and a filter. In the first step of operation, switch device 92 is controlled by microprocessor 94 via a control lead 102 to pass a line of reference training signals received and demodulated by television receiver section 10 (FIG. 1) to a signal input terminal 104.
An internal input switch device 106 has its input coupled to the signal input terminal 104 and has two outputs. Switch operation is controlled by microprocessor 94 via a lead 108 coupled to a terminal 110 of circuit 90 which, in turn, is connected to an output 112 of microprocessor 94. During the first step of operation, internal input switch device passes the reference training signals to a tapped CCD device 114. Clock driver circuits 116, coupled via a terminal 118 to timing circuits 100, clock CCD 114 at the normal teletext data transmission rate so that the reference training signals are received by and clocked into the stages of CCD 114.
After the reference training signals are loaded in CCD 114, timing circuits 100 and clock driver 116 clock the reference training signals out of CCD 114 at a relatively slow rate so that CCD 114 is used as a time base expander. The reference training signals are passed through an internal output selector switch device 120 whose position is microprocessor-controlled via a terminal 122. The reference training signals are applied to A/D converter 96 via an output terminal 124 which receives the output from switch 120. The reference training signals are digitized and then passed to microprocessor 94 which calculates tap weights therefrom for proper equalization.
In the second step of operation, after the reference training signals are clocked out of CCD 114, microprocessor 94 changes the positions of switches 92 and 106. The computer tap weights are converted to analog format by D/A converter 98 and directed by switch devices 92 and 106 to a tap weight storage 126 within integrated circuit 90.
After this is accomplished, the system is prepared to accept teletext data signals in the third step of operation. Switch devides 92 and 106 are controlled by microprocessor 94 to couple demodulated teletext signals from receiver section 10 to CCD 114. In this step, CCD 114 is again clocked at the normal teletext data transmission rate by clock driver circuits 116 and timing circuits 100 so that the teletext data signals are indeed received by and clocked into CCD 114. This continues until a full line of teletext data is loaded into CCD 114.
In the fourth step of operation, equalization occurs. A set of tap weighting circuits 128 receives tap weights from tap weight storage 126 and receives teletext data signals from CCD 114 via CCD taps 130. The weighted teletext data signals are inputted from tap weighting circuits 128 to a summer 120 which sums the signals. Output selector switch device 120 is moved to its second position by microprocessor 94 and the equalized teletext data signals are outputted through switch device 120 to output terminal 124. After conversion to digital format by A/D converter 96, the data are applied to microprocessor 94 for decoding and/or storage in the memory section for subsequent use.
It is to be understood that the sequencing of operation can be varied so long as reference training signals and teletext data signals are appropriately processed by integrated circuit 90 and microprocessor 94.
The foregoing illustrative embodiments show how a transversal filter can be adjusted to adaptively equalize data despite the extreme baud rate of teletext communication. It will be understood that this arrangement can be applied also for captioning, which merely calls for immediate display rather than storage, or other types of digital communication links. By use of time base expansion, a microprocessor, which costs a fraction of an otherwise necessary large frame computer, can be used to adjust a transversal filter to overcome multipath distortions. Many variations fully within the scope of the present invention, defined by the appended claims, will be or become apparent to those skilled in the art.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS3283063 *Apr 10, 1963Nov 1, 1966Fujitsu LtdAutomatic equalizer systemUS4032762 *Oct 7, 1975Jun 28, 1977Rockwell International CorporationAdjustable digital filter for high speed digital transmissionUS4044381 *May 30, 1975Aug 23, 1977Hitachi, Ltd.Automatic waveform equalizing system for television receiverUS4091418 *Mar 2, 1977May 23, 1978Zenith Radio CorporationAutomatic channel equalization with time base expansion* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1 *A Frequency Domain Interpretation of Echos and Their Effect on Teletext Data Reception, by Neal & Goyal, pp. 1 to 16.2 *A Tutorial on Ghost Cancelling in TV System, by W. Ciciora et al., IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Feb. 1979, pp. 1 35.3A Tutorial on Ghost Cancelling in TV System, by W. Ciciora et al., IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Feb. 1979, pp. 1-35.4 *Adaptive Multipath Equalization for T.V. Broadcasting, by Henry Thedick, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, May 1977, pp. 175 181.5Adaptive Multipath Equalization for T.V. Broadcasting, by Henry Thedick, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, May 1977, pp. 175-181.6 *An Introduction to Teletext and Viewdata with Comments on Compatibility, by Ciciora et al., pp. 1 to 8.7 *Automatic Equalization for Digital Communication, by R. W. Lucky, B.S.T.L., vol. XLIV, pp. 547 588, Apr. 1965.8Automatic Equalization for Digital Communication, by R. W. Lucky, B.S.T.L., vol. XLIV, pp. 547-588, Apr. 1965.9 *Multitext Signetics Technical Information, by Mullard, 1978.10Multitext-Signetics Technical Information, by Mullard, 1978.11 *Reception of Teletext under Multipath Conditions, by S. Goyal, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Jul. 1979.12 *Techniques for Adaptive Equalization of Digital Communication Systems, by R. Lucky, The B.S.T.J., Feb. 1966, pp. 255 286.13Techniques for Adaptive Equalization of Digital Communication Systems, by R. Lucky, The B.S.T.J., Feb. 1966, pp. 255-286.14 *Teletext and Viewdata Costs as Applied to the U.S. Market, by Crowther, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. CE 25, No. 3, Jul. 1979, pp. 339 344.15Teletext and Viewdata Costs as Applied to the U.S. Market, by Crowther, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. CE-25, No. 3, Jul. 1979, pp. 339-344.16 *Teletext, a Brochure, May 1979.17 *Teletext/Viewdata LSI, by Brian Harden, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. CE 25, No. 3, Jul. 1979, pp. 353 358.18Teletext/Viewdata LSI, by Brian Harden, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. CE-25, No. 3, Jul. 1979, pp. 353-358.19 *Television Receiver Design Aspects for Employing Teletext LSI, by T. Suzuki et al., IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. CE 25, No. 3, Jul. 1979, pp. 400 405.20Television Receiver Design Aspects for Employing Teletext LSI, by T. Suzuki et al., IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. CE-25, No. 3, Jul. 1979, pp. 400-405.21 *This is Oracle, IBA Engineering Information Service, Oct. 1977.* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4673979 *Jun 11, 1985Jun 16, 1987Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Digital data reproducing systemUS4845662 *Jul 27, 1987Jul 4, 1989Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki KaishaData processor employing run-length codingUS5327176 *Mar 1, 1993Jul 5, 1994Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc.Automatic display of closed caption information during audio mutingUS5557641 *May 19, 1994Sep 17, 1996Stanford Telecommunications, Inc.Charge-coupled-device based transmitters and receiversUS5581576 *Jan 12, 1995Dec 3, 1996International Business Machines Corp.Radio information broadcasting and receiving systemUS5596372 *Feb 3, 1995Jan 21, 1997Eeg Enterprises, Inc.Video signal data and composite synchronization extraction circuit for on-screen displayUS5760844 *Aug 20, 1996Jun 2, 1998Eeg Enterprises, Inc.In an electronic signal receiving circuitUS6067122 *Apr 23, 1998May 23, 2000Intel CorporationHost-based anti-ghosting of teletext data based on non-oversampled dataUS6710811Apr 28, 1999Mar 23, 2004Thomson Licensing S.A.Data processing deviceDE19820909A1 *May 9, 1998Nov 25, 1999Thomson Brandt GmbhCircuit arrangement of data processing deviceWO1999055079A1 *Mar 11, 1999Oct 28, 1999Cahill Benjamin M IiiHost-based anti-ghosting of teletext data based on non-oversampled dataWO1999059336A1 *Apr 28, 1999Nov 18, 1999Erbar MaximilianData processing device* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification348/466, 348/468, 348/E07.02, 348/611, 348/478International ClassificationH04N7/035Cooperative ClassificationH04N7/035European ClassificationH04N7/035Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionOct 1, 2001ASAssignmentOwner name: ZENITH ELECTRONICS CORPORATION, ILLINOISFree format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CITICORP NORTH AMERICA, INC.;REEL/FRAME:012188/0204Effective date: 20010822Owner name: ZENITH ELECTRONICS CORPORATION 2000 MILLBROOK DR.Owner name: ZENITH ELECTRONICS CORPORATION 2000 MILLBROOK DR.LFree format text: RELEASE OF SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CITICORP NORTH AMERICA, INC. /AR;REEL/FRAME:012188/0204Feb 24, 2000ASAssignmentOwner name: LG ELECTRONICS INC., KOREA, REPUBLIC OFFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:ZENITH ELECTRONICS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:010618/0424Effective date: 19991109Owner name: LG ELECTRONICS INC. 20, YOIDODONG, YOUNGDUNGPO-GUNov 12, 1999ASAssignmentOwner name: CITICORP NORTH AMERICA, INC., AS AGENT, NEW YORKFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:ZENITH ELECTRONICS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:010470/0414Effective date: 19991109Owner name: CITICORP NORTH AMERICA, INC., AS AGENT 6TH FLOOR,Jul 28, 1998ASAssignmentOwner name: LG ELECTRONICS INC., KOREA, REPUBLIC OFFree format text: ;ASSIGNOR:ZENITH ELECTRONICS CORPORATIOIN;REEL/FRAME:009367/0060Effective date: 19980429May 5, 1998ASAssignmentOwner name: LG ELECTRONICS INC., KOREA, REPUBLIC OFFree format text: PATENT COLLATERAL ASSIGNMENT AND SECURITY AGREEMENT. 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Patent US6376315 - Method of forming a trench DMOS having reduced threshold voltage - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsA method of manufacturing one or more trench DMOS transistors is provided. In this method, one or more or more body regions adjacent one or more trenches are provided. The one or more trenches are lined with a first insulating layer. A portion of the first insulating layer is removed along at least the...http://www.google.com/patents/US6376315?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6376315 - Method of forming a trench DMOS having reduced threshold voltageAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS6376315 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 09/540,856Publication dateApr 23, 2002Filing dateMar 31, 2000Priority dateMar 31, 2000Fee statusPaidAlso published asCN1227722C, CN1426598A, DE60116612D1, DE60116612T2, EP1269530A2, EP1269530B1, WO2001075960A2, WO2001075960A3Publication number09540856, 540856, US 6376315 B1, US 6376315B1, US-B1-6376315, US6376315 B1, US6376315B1InventorsFwu-Iuan Hshieh, Koon Chong SoOriginal AssigneeGeneral Semiconductor, Inc.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (11), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (15), Classifications (10), Legal Events (5) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod of forming a trench DMOS having reduced threshold voltage
US 6376315 B1Abstract
What is claimed is: 1. A method of manufacturing one or more trench DMOS transistors comprising:
providing a substrate of a first conductivity type, forming an epitaxial layer of said first conductivity type over said substrate, said epitaxial layer having a lower majority carrier concentration than said substrate; forming a region of a second conductivity type within an upper portion of said epitaxial layer; forming A plurality of trenches within said epitaxial layer, said trenches defining one or more body regions within said region of second conductivity type, forming a first insulating layer that lines said trenches; providing a conductive region within said trenches adjacent to the first insulating layer lining said trenches; removing a portion of said first insulating layer along at least upper sidewalls of said trenches such that portions of said body regions are exposed along said upper sidewalls; oxidizing at least said exposed portions of said body regions to form an oxide layer, said oxidizing step resulting in regions of reduced majority carrier concentration within said body regions adjacent said oxide layer; and forming a plurality of source regions of said first conductivity type within upper portions of said body regions adjacent said trenches, said source regions being adjacent said regions of reduced majority carrier concentration within said body regions. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said substrate is a silicon substrate and said epitaxial layer is a silicon layer.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of oxidizing at least the exposed upper sidewall portions of the body regions comprises dry oxidation at a temperature ranging frorn 900 to 1100� C.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the temperature ranges from 900 to 950� C.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of oxidizing at least the exposed upper sidewall portions of the body regions comprises oxidation in steam at a temperature ranging from 900 to 1100� C.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the temperature ranges from 900 to 950� C.
providing an N-type silicon substrate forming an N-type silicon epitaxial layer over said substrate, said epitaxial layer having a tower doping concentration than said substrate; forming a P-type region within an upper portion of said epitaxal layer, fording a plurality of trenches within said epitaxial layer, said trenches defining one or more P-body regions within said P-type region; foxing a first oxide layer that lines said trenches; providing a conductive region within said trenches adjacent the first oxide layer lining said trenches; removing a portion of said first oxide layer along at least upper sidewalls of said trenches such that portions of said P-body regions are exposed along said upper sidewalls; oxidizing at least said exposed portions of said P-body regions to form a second oxide layer, said oxidizing step resulting in regions of reduced P-type carrier concentration within said P-body regions adjacent said second oxide layer; and forming a plurality of N-type source regions within upper portions of said P-body regions adjacent said trenches, said N-type source regions being adjacent said regions of reduced P-type carrier concentration within said P-body regions. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the conductive region is a polycrystalline silicon region.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of oxidizing at least the exposed upper sidewall portions of the P-body regions comprises dry oxidation at a temperature ranging from 900 to 1100� C.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the temperature ranges from 900 to 950� C.
21. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of oxidizing at least the exposed upper sidewall portions of the P-body regions comprises wet oxidation in steam at a temperature ranging from 900 to 1100� C.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the temperature ranges from 900 to 950� C.
providing one or mote or more body regions adjacent one or more trenches, said one or more trenches being lined with a first insulating layer; removing a portion of said first insulating layer along at least upper sidewalls of said trenches such that portions of said body regions are exposed along said upper sidewalls; and oxidizing at least said exposed portions of said body regions, said oxidizing step resulting in regions of reduced majority carrier concentration within said body regions adjacent said oxide layer.
Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) devices using trench gates provide low turn-on resistance and are often used for low power applications. In a trench MOSFET device, the channels are arranged in a vertical manner, instead of horizontally as in most planar configurations. FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a conventional trenched gate MOSFET device having a unit cell designated by reference numeral 2. The MOSFET cell 2 includes a trench 4 filled with conductive material 6 separated from the silicon regions 8 by a thin layer of insulating material 10. A body region 12 is diffused in an epitaxial layer 18, and a source region 14 is in turn diffused in the body region 12. Due to the use of these two diffusion steps, a transistor of this type is frequently referred to as a double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor with trench gating or, in brief, a �trench DMOS�.
During normal operation, the drain region 20 and the body region 12 are reverse biased. Consequently, a depletion layer is formed, characterized by a depletion region 24 with a depletion width W as shown in FIG. 1. As is well known in the art, the lighter the impurity concentration of a region, the wider the depletion width W extending into that region. Referring back to FIG. 1, if the body region 12 is too lightly doped, the depletion layer 24 may reach the source region 14 during operation, resulting in an undesirable effect called �punch-through�. During punch-through, current flows directly from the source 14 to the drain 20 without passing through the channel 21, and breakdown ensues.
The majority carrier concentration within the one or more body regions is modified by removing a portion of the first insulating layer along at least upper sidewalls of the trenches, preferably by wet etch, such that portions of the body regions are exposed along the upper sidewalls. An oxide layer is then formed over at least the exposed portions of the body regions, resulting in regions of reduced majority carrier concentration within the body regions adjacent the oxide layer. This oxide-forming step can be, for example, dry oxidation at a temperature ranging from 900 to 1100� C., more preferably 900 to 950� C. Alternatively, the oxide layer can be formed in steam at a temperature ranging from 900 to 1100� C., more preferably 900 to 950� C.
FIG. 5 illustrates approximate doping profiles in a boron-doped silicon material after formation of a surface oxide in dry oxygen at 900� C.
Referring now to FIG. 4A, an N-doped epitaxial layer 202 is grown on an N+doped substrate 200. For example, epitaxial layer 202 can be 5.5 microns thick and have a doping concentration of 3.4�1016 cm−3 for a 30 V trench DMOS device. Next, P-body regions 204 are formed in the epitaxial layer 202 by implantation, diffusion and trench-forming processes. For example the epitaxial layer 202 may be implanted with boron at 50 keV with a dosage of 6�1013 cm−3, followed by diffusion at 1100� C. A patterned masking layer (not shown) is then provided and trenches 207 are formed through apertures in the patterned masking layer. Trenches 207 are preferably dry etched through the apertures in the masking layer via reactive ion etching, for example, to a depth that ranges from 1.0 to 2.0 microns, forming discrete P-body regions 204. The patterned masking layer is then removed and an oxide layer 206 is formed over the surface of the entire structure, typically by dry oxidation. Oxide thickness in the range of 300 to 700 Angstroms is typical for layer 206. The resulting structure is shown in FIG. 4A.
The surface of the structure is then covered (and the trenches are filled) with a polysilicon (i.e., polycrystalline silicon) layer using techniques known in the art, such as CVD. The polysilicon is doped, for example, N-type to reduce its resistivity, typically on order of 20 Ω/sq. N-type doping can be carried out, for example, during CVD with phosphorous chloride or by implantation with arsenic or phosphorous. The polysilicon layer is then etched, for example, by reactive ion etching, to optimize its thickness within the trenches and to expose portions of oxide layer 206 as shown in FIG. 4B. Due to etching uniformity concerns, the polysilicon layer is slightly over-etched, and the thus-formed polysilicon gate regions 210 typically have top surfaces that are 0.1 to 0.2 microns below the adjacent top surfaces of the P-body region 204 (shown as distance �d� in FIG. 4B).
(3) ratio of the parabolic oxidation rate constant B and the root of the diffusion coefficient of the dopant in silicon or B D dopant , Si . FIG. 5 illustrates approximate doping profiles in a boron-doped silicon material after formation of a surface oxide in dry oxygen at 900� C. In FIG. 5, the oxide region corresponds to the left-hand side of the plot between x=0 (the oxide surface) and xi (the oxide/silicon interface). The silicon region corresponds to the right-hand side of FIG. 5 in the region beyond xi. Prior to oxidation, the silicon was uniformly doped at a bulk concentration Cb. After oxidation the bulk silicon region at the right-hand side of FIG. 5 remains at this level. However, as the interface is approached, the dopant concentration in the silicon decreases. In this case, the concentration of boron at the silicon interface is about 20% of the concentration of boron in the bulk, Cb. (By way of comparison, the concentration of the boron in the oxide layer at the interface is about 60% of Cb.)
The table to follow contains the ratio of boron concentration in silicon at the interface (Ci) to boron concentration in the silicon bulk (Cb) after oxidation of a silicon layer with initial concentration Cb. As noted above in connection with FIG. 5, this ratio is about 0.2 (20%) where silicon is oxidized in dry oxygen at 900� C. This ratio and several others are presented in the following table. Note from this table that a greater redistribution occurs at the interface at lower temperatures and for steam oxidation.
Oxidation at 640 torr
0.2 0.14
Subsequently, as seen from FIG. 4D, a patterned masking layer 211 is provided which defines source regions 212. Source regions 212 are typically formed within upper portions of the P-body regions 204 via an implantation and diffusion process. For example, the source regions 212 may be implanted with arsenic at 120 keV to a concentration in the range of 5�1015 to 1�1016 cm−3. The resulting structure is shown in FIG. 4D. As seen from FIG. 4D, after implantation of the source regions 212, a portion of the P-body region 204 remains that is adjacent to the pad oxide layer 209 that was formed (and is hence depleted in boron concentration at the oxide interface).
This dopant redistribution can be seen by examining the doping concentration profile along line x′�x′ in FIG. 4E, which approximates that shown in FIG. 3 without resorting to high implantation energies or a P-N-P structure. Specifically, the N+source region 212 has a doping profile like that of the region between x=0 and x=xjs in FIG. 3; the P-body region 204 has a doping profile like that of the region between x=xjs and x=xjb in FIG. 3; and the N-doped epitaxial layer 202 has a doping profile like that of the region beyond x=xjb in FIG. 3. Hence the doping concentration in the N+source region 212 is approximated by curve 64, the doping concentration in the P-body region 204 is approximated by curve 66, and the doping concentration in the N-doped epitaxial layer 202 is approximated by curve 68 of FIG. 3. As discussed above, by forming a pad oxide layer 209 adjacent the upper portion of the P-body region 204, the concentration of boron is reduced in the P-body region 204 at the oxide interface. This region of reduced boron concentration corresponds to the left-hand side of curve 66. Curve 30, shown as a dashed line, represents the approximate doping profile that would have existed in the absence of an etch-back step for the gate oxide 206 g and in the absence of the formation of pad oxide layer 209.
Again, by the process of the present invention, a desirable doping profile like that discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,907,776 can be established in the P-body region, without having to resort to high implantation energies or a P-N-P structure. As previously noted, such a doping profile is beneficial in that a low threshold voltage can be established without resorting to a thinner gate oxide (which would reduce yield and switching speed) and without substantially increasing the likelihood of punch-through. Specifically, the present inventors have found that by growing the pad oxide layer 209 to a thickness of about 200 Angstroms at 900� C. in dry oxygen, a 0.4 V reduction in threshold voltage can be achieved for a 30 V device, without a substantial sacrifice in switching speed or punch-through resistance.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS5072266 *Dec 27, 1988Dec 10, 1991Siliconix IncorporatedTrench DMOS power transistor with field-shaping body profile and three-dimensional geometryUS5468982 *Jun 3, 1994Nov 21, 1995Siliconix IncorporatedTrenched DMOS transistor with channel block at cell trench cornersUS5597765 *Apr 17, 1995Jan 28, 1997Siliconix IncorporatedMethod for making termination structure for power MOSFETUS5907776Jul 11, 1997May 25, 1999Magepower Semiconductor Corp.Method of forming a semiconductor structure having reduced threshold voltage and high punch-through toleranceUS5970344 *Aug 24, 1998Oct 19, 1999Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.Method of manufacturing semiconductor device having gate electrodes formed in trench structure before formation of source layersUS5981344 *Jun 4, 1996Nov 9, 1999Siliconix IncorporatedTrench field effect transistor with reduced punch-through susceptibility and low RDSonUS6096608 *Nov 3, 1998Aug 1, 2000Siliconix IncorporatedBidirectional trench gated power mosfet with submerged body bus extending underneath gate trenchUS6211018 *Dec 30, 1999Apr 3, 2001Electronics And Telecommunications Research InstituteMethod for fabricating high density trench gate type power deviceUS6218217 *Jul 18, 2000Apr 17, 2001Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki KaishaSemiconductor device having high breakdown voltage and method of manufacturing the sameUS20010008291 *Jan 12, 2001Jul 19, 2001Takaaki AokiSemiconductor device and method for manufacturing the sameUS20010008788 *Mar 2, 2001Jul 19, 2001Fwu-Iuan HshiehDouble diffused Metal on Semiconductor (DMOS); steps of trench formation completed prior to removal of the patterned trench mask so dopant does not leach out of the p-body since the mask serves as barrier, preventing leakage current* Cited by examinerNon-Patent CitationsReference1Semiconductor Technology Handbook, Technology Associates, pp. 4.4, 4.15-4.16, Jan. 15, 1985.Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS6548861 *Jul 6, 2001Apr 15, 2003Infineon Technologies AgMemory cell, memory cell arrangement and fabrication methodUS6576954 *Feb 6, 2002Jun 10, 2003Fairchild Semiconductor CorporationTrench MOSFET formed using selective epitaxial growthUS6794249 *Feb 28, 2003Sep 21, 2004Infineon Technologies AgMethod for fabricating a memory cellUS6802719 *Sep 6, 2001Oct 12, 2004Zetex PlcImplantation methodUS7488647 *Aug 11, 2005Feb 10, 2009National Semiconductor CorporationSystem and method for providing a poly cap and a no field oxide area to prevent formation of a vertical bird's beak structure in the manufacture of a semiconductor deviceUS7504303May 24, 2006Mar 17, 2009Fairchild Semiconductor CorporationTrench-gate field effect transistors and methods of forming the sameUS7923776Feb 2, 2010Apr 12, 2011Fairchild Semiconductor CorporationTrench-gate field effect transistor with channel enhancement region and methods of forming the sameUS7989883Jan 16, 2009Aug 2, 2011National Semiconductor CorporationSystem and method for providing a poly cap and a no field oxide area to prevent formation of a vertical bird's beak structure in the manufacture of a semiconductor deviceUS8043913Mar 29, 2011Oct 25, 2011Fairchild Semiconductor CorporationMethod of forming trench-gate field effect transistorsUS8441069Oct 21, 2011May 14, 2013Fairchild Semiconductor CorporationStructure and method for forming trench-gate field effect transistor with source plugUS8592895Oct 1, 2012Nov 26, 2013Fairchild Semiconductor CorporationField effect transistor with source, heavy body region and shielded gateUS8872278Oct 25, 2011Oct 28, 2014Fairchild Semiconductor CorporationIntegrated gate runner and field implant termination for trench devicesUS8884365May 10, 2013Nov 11, 2014Fairchild Semiconductor CorporationTrench-gate field effect transistorUS8889539Dec 11, 2008Nov 18, 2014Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Recess gate transistorCN101459135BDec 14, 2007May 26, 2010上海华虹Nec电子有限公司Implementing method for slot type dual layer grid power MOS device construction* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification438/270, 438/272, 257/E29.066, 257/330, 438/271International ClassificationH01L21/336, H01L29/10, H01L29/78Cooperative ClassificationH01L29/1095European ClassificationH01L29/10GLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionOct 18, 2013FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 12Oct 14, 2009FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8May 20, 2005FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Dec 31, 2002CCCertificate of correctionSep 5, 2000ASAssignmentOwner name: GENERAL SEMICONDUCTOR, INC., NEW YORKFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HSHIEH, FWU-IUAN;SO, KOON CHONG;REEL/FRAME:011224/0661Effective date: 20000807Owner name: GENERAL SEMICONDUCTOR, INC. 10 MELVILLE PARK RD. MRotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services | [
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April Lady by Georgette Heyer Book Paperback 2005 0099476347 | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop bycategoryEnter your search keywordAll CategoriesAdvancedDaily DealsCollectionsHi, (Sign in to bid or buy)My eBayExpand My eBaySellExpand SellCommunityExpand CommunityHelp & ContactExpand Help & ContactBasket
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DescriptionDespite the scandalous blemish on his bride's family name, Lord Giles Cardross is convinced that Nell cares for him. But as the bills and debts mount, Giles begins to suspect that his wife isn't as innocent as she looks. Reissue.Key FeaturesAuthor(s)Georgette HeyerPublisherCornerstoneDate of Publication02/06/2005Language(s)EnglishFormatPaperbackISBN-100099476347ISBN-139780099476344GenreHistorical & Mythological FictionPublication DataPlace of PublicationLondonCountry of PublicationUnited KingdomImprintArrow Books LtdDimensionsWeight187 gWidth129 mmHeight198 mmSpine16 mmPagination256Editorial DetailsFormat DetailsB-format paperbackDescriptionAuthor BiographyAuthor of over fifty books, Georgette Heyer is the best-known and best-loved of all historical novelists, who made the Regency period her own. Her first novel, The Black Moth, published in 1921, was written at the age of fifteen to amuse her convalescent brother; her last was My Lord John. Although most famous for her historical novels, she also wrote eleven detective stories. Georgette Heyer died in 1974 at the age of seventy-one. Georgette Heyer was to many minds the finest historical and romantic novelist of her age, and April Lady shows how she has won a new audience with her dashing heroes and sparkly heroines. Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Item No: 9780099476344
Despite the scandalous blemish on his bride's family name, Lord Giles Cardross is convinced that Nell cares for him. But as the bills and debts mount, Giles begins to suspect that his wife isn't as innocent as she looks. Reissue.
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Patent US6700129 - Electronic board system and coordinates-inputting pen - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inPatentsThe present invention transmits, to an electronic board controller 14, click signals generated upon manipulating multiple switches provided on a coordinates-inputting pen 13, timing signals upon detecting infrared scanning beams 18 a and 18 b, and the like without using a connecting wire. Specifically,...http://www.google.com/patents/US6700129?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6700129 - Electronic board system and coordinates-inputting penAdvanced Patent SearchTry the new Google Patents, with machine-classified Google Scholar results, and Japanese and South Korean patents.Publication numberUS6700129 B1Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 10/048,557PCT numberPCT/JP2000/005266Publication dateMar 2, 2004Filing dateAug 4, 2000Priority dateAug 6, 1999Fee statusLapsedAlso published asDE60001671D1, DE60001671T2, EP1208529A1, EP1208529B1, WO2001011554A1Publication number048557, 10048557, PCT/2000/5266, PCT/JP/0/005266, PCT/JP/0/05266, PCT/JP/2000/005266, PCT/JP/2000/05266, PCT/JP0/005266, PCT/JP0/05266, PCT/JP0005266, PCT/JP005266, PCT/JP2000/005266, PCT/JP2000/05266, PCT/JP2000005266, PCT/JP200005266, US 6700129 B1, US 6700129B1, US-B1-6700129, US6700129 B1, US6700129B1InventorsYutaka Usuda, Yoshikazu Shinkai, Ichirou Takeuchi, Yuji Tsukamoto, Jun NamikiOriginal AssigneeHitachi Software Engineering Co., Ltd.Export CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (10), Referenced by (30), Classifications (12), Legal Events (6) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetElectronic board system and coordinates-inputting pen
Based on the information of angles α and β, the operation circuit 100 calculates x-y coordinates of the coordinates-inputting pen 13 where, for example, the upper left corner of the board 11 being the origin, the x-axis being positive towards right and the y-axis being positive downward. The x-y coordinates of the coordinates-inputting pen 13 may be calculated by the following expressions where a is the distance between the left and right infrared scanning beam generators 12 a and 12 b. x=a·tan β/(tan α+tan β)
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4217649Oct 11, 1978Aug 12, 1980Doundoulakis George JDigitizer for locating the position of a stylus point on a writing surfaceUS4294543Nov 13, 1979Oct 13, 1981Command Control & Communications CorporationOptical system for developing point coordinate informationUS4677428 *Jun 7, 1985Jun 30, 1987Hei, Inc.Cordless light penUS5900943 *Aug 29, 1997May 4, 1999Hewlett-Packard CompanyPage identification by detection of optical characteristicsUS6100538 *Feb 13, 1998Aug 8, 2000Kabushikikaisha WacomOptical digitizer and display means for providing display of indicated positionUS6437314 *May 26, 1999Aug 20, 2002Hitachi Software Engineering Co., Ltd.Coordinate input pen, and electronic board, coordinate input system and electronic board system using the coordinate input penUS6441362 *Oct 28, 1999Aug 27, 2002Kabushikikaisha WacomStylus for optical digitizerDE19810452A1Mar 11, 1998Dec 17, 1998Wacom Co LtdOptical coordinate digitiserGB2263546A Title not availableGB2306669A Title not available* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7158117 *Jul 30, 2003Jan 2, 2007Canon Kabushiki KaishaCoordinate input apparatus and control method thereof, coordinate input pointing tool, and programUS7298367 *Nov 25, 2003Nov 20, 20073M Innovative Properties CompanyLight emitting stylus and user input device using sameUS7710504 *Feb 21, 2006May 4, 2010Mitsubishi Digital Electronics America, Inc.Remote control system and method for controlling a televisionUS8144271Aug 4, 2008Mar 27, 2012Perceptive Pixel Inc.Multi-touch sensing through frustrated total internal reflectionUS8259240Mar 26, 2012Sep 4, 2012Perceptive Pixel Inc.Multi-touch sensing through frustrated total internal reflectionUS8264619May 4, 2010Sep 11, 2012Mitsubishi Electric Visual Solutions America, Inc.Remote control system and method for controlling televisionUS8441467Aug 3, 2007May 14, 2013Perceptive Pixel Inc.Multi-touch sensing display through frustrated total internal reflectionUS9035914Jan 9, 2013May 19, 2015Samsung Display Co., Ltd.Touch system including optical touch panel and touch pen, and method of controlling interference optical signal in touch systemUS9196068 *Jun 13, 2013Nov 24, 2015Ricoh Company, LimitedProjector system, and method for drawingsUS20050091297 *Jul 30, 2003Apr 28, 2005Canon Kabushiki KaishaCoordinate input apparatus and control method thereof, coordinate input pointing tool, and programUS20050110777 *Nov 25, 2003May 26, 2005Geaghan Bernard O.Light-emitting stylus and user input device using sameUS20050110781 *Nov 25, 2003May 26, 2005Geaghan Bernard O.Light emitting stylus and user input device using sameUS20070195205 *Feb 21, 2006Aug 23, 2007Lowe Jerry BRemote control system and methodUS20080029691 *Aug 3, 2007Feb 7, 2008Han Jefferson YMulti-touch sensing display through frustrated total internal reflectionUS20080179507 *Aug 3, 2007Jul 31, 2008Han JeffersonMulti-touch sensing through frustrated total internal reflectionUS20080284925 *Aug 4, 2008Nov 20, 2008Han Jefferson YMulti-touch sensing through frustrated total internal reflectionUS20080291179 *Nov 21, 2006Nov 27, 2008Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V.Light Pen Input System and Method, Particularly for Use with Large Area Non-Crt DisplaysUS20090167728 *Mar 13, 2009Jul 2, 20093M Innovative Properties CompanyLight-emitting stylus and user input device using sameUS20100214495 *May 4, 2010Aug 26, 2010Mitsubishi Digital Electronics America, Inc.Remote Control System and Method for Controlling TelevisionUS20110279248 *Apr 26, 2011Nov 17, 2011Panasonic CorporationRemote instruction transmission/reception systemUS20130113758 *Jul 3, 2012May 9, 2013Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Method and system for recognizing touch point, and display apparatusUS20140015861 *Jun 13, 2013Jan 16, 2014Ryo TAKEMOTOProjection apparatus, projection system, and projection methodUS20150204658 *Jan 16, 2015Jul 23, 2015Seiko Epson CorporationPosition detecting device, position detecting system, and controlling method of position detecting deviceUS20160034106 *Dec 26, 2014Feb 4, 2016Coretronic CorporationTouch apparatus and touch sensing method thereofEP2188701A2 *Aug 4, 2008May 26, 2010Perceptive Pixel, Inc.Multi-touch sensing through frustrated total internal reflectionEP2188701A4 *Aug 4, 2008Nov 9, 2011Perceptive Pixel IncMulti-touch sensing through frustrated total internal reflectionEP2590059A3 *Mar 29, 2012Feb 24, 2016Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.Method and system for recognizing touch point, and display apparatusWO2007102857A2 *Nov 14, 2006Sep 13, 2007Electronic Scripting Products, Inc.Optical navigation apparatus using fixed beacons and a centroid sensing deviceWO2007102857A3 *Nov 14, 2006Apr 17, 2008Marek AlbosztaOptical navigation apparatus using fixed beacons and a centroid sensing deviceWO2009020940A2Aug 4, 2008Feb 12, 2009Perceptive Pixel, Inc.Multi-touch sensing through frustrated total internal reflection* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification250/559.29, 250/221International ClassificationG06F3/042, G06F3/033, G06F3/041, G06F3/038Cooperative ClassificationG06F3/0423, G06F3/0383, G06F3/03545European ClassificationG06F3/0354N, G06F3/038E, G06F3/042B4Legal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMay 7, 2002ASAssignmentOwner name: HITACHI SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CO., LTD., JAPANFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:USUDA, YUTAKA;SHINKAI, YOSHIKAZU;TAKEUCHI, ICHIROU;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:012870/0209Effective date: 20020301Aug 30, 2007FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 4Aug 25, 2011FPAYFee paymentYear of fee payment: 8Oct 9, 2015REMIMaintenance fee reminder mailedMar 2, 2016LAPSLapse for failure to pay maintenance feesApr 19, 2016FPExpired due to failure to pay maintenance feeEffective date: 20160302RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send 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How to type faster while coding? : learnprogramming
u/Punetic
How to type faster while coding?
Just starting to learn how to code with html dog and was wondering if there is any tips on how to type faster. I'm ok at typing regularly but with coding the keys used seem out of the way. Any help would be appreciated
How did you learn normal typing? By hitting the same keys over and over, right? Well, programming requires keys you may not use in "normal" typing as much. So how do you learn? Just keeping using them over and over, it just takes time.
Great observation. The short answer is, speed will come with practice.
The typical QWERTY keyboard layout isn't ideal for programming. We use a lot of special symbols that most people don't use on a regular basis and they often require slow and awkward hand positions. There are other layouts that can be easier to work with, but one can still become a fast typist on the standard QWERTY layout.
With time, typing a { will be just as natural as typing an 'x'. Some languages are also more verbose than others, so your choice of language can have an affect, but you can become fast at typing in any language.
Often the best thing you can do is not type as much. Shorter code is often easier to read, because it takes less time to read and requires us to remember less. Less is often more. The principal Don't Repeat Yourself can help to save time typing as well as avoid more opportunities for making mistakes.
Your choice of editor can also help. Many editors will auto-complete, which can save typing, including filling in parentheses and brackets automatically. Copy and paste can also be quite beneficial. Keyboard shortcuts for things like search and replace help too. Macros, templates, boilerplate code -- all of these can save time typing. Even just the key combinations involved can make a big difference. Emacs and Vim are both popular editors, each with different but effective ways of minimizing keystrokes for common actions.
As a professional with 6 years experience, I find typing isn't the problem. Reading, navigating, searching, testing, and thinking make up a large portion of my time while coding. Clean code practices can help to make reading and navigating faster. A good editor can make navigating and searching faster. Unit tests and scripts can make testing faster. And that leaves you more time for the most important part: thinking.
Long story short, you'll get faster with practice, but good coding habits and a good editor can help too.
Does VIM have comprehensive code complete? I was thinking of learning VIM or EMACS but without code complete I can't see any advantage. | [
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Garnet Ring 9K Yellow Gold 925 Silver filigree Garnet Ring
Garnet Ring, 9K Yellow Gold 925 Silver filigree Garnet Ring size 7, Red Stone Ring, 9k Yellow Gold Garnet Ring, CZ Ring, Gift (ms 1024
New filigree ring from my collection.
The ring is made of sterling silver with soldered 9k yellow gold decoration. On the top of the ring be setting one round Garnet and three glittery 2mm CZ.
Dimensions: Front width: 13mm / 0.511 in. Back width: 6mm / 0.236 in.
Reviewed by strongarone
This ring is different than the first ring I got a year ago. The craftsmanship is less than the original. I love my original ring, if it still fit I wouldn’t have bought the second ring.
Garnet Silver and Gold Ring, Wedding band, 925 sterling Silver and 9k yellow gold ring, Red Garnet ring, wide band, size 8.5 (ms r1052)
Select an option Opal Garnet Turquoise
Materials: Sterling Silver 925 925, 9K Yellow Gold 9k, CZ, Garnet
9K Yellow Gold 925 Silver CZ filigree Bracelet, Israeli Jewelry, Wedding Jewelry, Birthday Gift, Delicate Bracelet, ( ms 1442b
Handmade Wedding band, 925 sterling Silver and 9k yellow gold ring, Silver CZ ring, size 7, Crystal Ring, 9K Yellow gold Ring (ms r1461)
Amethyst Silver Bracelet, Handcrafted Yellow Gold 925 Sterling Silver Bracelet, Purple Stone, silver gold bracelet, women bracelet (s b1609
925 Silver Pearl Ring, Silver and Gold ring, 925 Silver 9K Yellow Gold Pearl Ring, Flower Pearl Ring, Promise Ring, White Pearl Ring (r2520)
Massive 925 Silver combined Yellow Gold inlaid CZ Ring size 8, White CZ Ring, Yellow Gold Ring, 9k Yellow Gold Ring, (s r1658
Garnet Ring, 9K Yellow Gold Silver filigree Garnet Ring size 8, Red Stone, Yellow Gold Ring, 9k Garnet Gold Ring, Cz , Wedding Gift (1370r
Charry Quartz Ring, 9K Yellow Gold 925 Silver Cherry Quartz Ring size 9, Pink Stone Ring, 9k Yellow Gold Ring, Fine Ring, Gift (s 1856E
Garnet Ring, Gold Men's Garnet Ring, Yellow Gold Diamond Ring, Christmas Gift for Men Jewelry Gift, Octagon Red Stone Ring, Birthstone Ring
10k Yellow Gold Garnet Ring Size 6 1/2
18K Gold over Sterling Silver Filigree CZ Ring | [
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MIRA POWER Limited: Board of Directors - Bloomberg
Company Overview of MIRA POWER Limited
MIRA POWER Limited INSIDERS ON Board Members
Most Connected People on the MIRA POWER Limited Board
To contact MIRA POWER Limited, please visit . Company data is provided by S&P Global Market Intelligence. Please use this form to report any data issues. | [
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Time-frequency dynamics of resting-state brain connectivity measured with fMRI. - PubMed - NCBI
1 selected item: 20006716
Neuroimage. 2010 Mar;50(1):81-98. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.011. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. catie@stanford.edu
Most studies of resting-state functional connectivity using fMRI employ methods that assume temporal stationarity, such as correlation and data-driven decompositions computed across the duration of the scan. However, evidence from both task-based fMRI studies and animal electrophysiology suggests that functional connectivity may exhibit dynamic changes within time scales of seconds to minutes. In the present study, we investigated the dynamic behavior of resting-state connectivity across the course of a single scan, performing a time-frequency coherence analysis based on the wavelet transform. We focused on the connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a primary node of the default-mode network, examining its relationship with both the "anticorrelated" ("task-positive") network as well as other nodes of the default-mode network. It was observed that coherence and phase between the PCC and the anticorrelated network was variable in time and frequency, and statistical testing based on Monte Carlo simulations revealed the presence of significant scale-dependent temporal variability. In addition, a sliding-window correlation procedure identified other regions across the brain that exhibited variable connectivity with the PCC across the scan, which included areas previously implicated in attention and salience processing. Although it is unclear whether the observed coherence and phase variability can be attributed to residual noise or modulation of cognitive state, the present results illustrate that resting-state functional connectivity is not static, and it may therefore prove valuable to consider measures of variability, in addition to average quantities, when characterizing resting-state networks.
PMC2827259
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.011
Group-level thresholded t-maps for positive (red) and negative (blue) correlations with the PCC. Clusters are labeled according to .
Neuroimage. ;50(1):81-98.
Example of the cross-wavelet power (above left) and wavelet transform coherence (above right) for simulated data (bottom). The simulated data consist of negatively-correlated sinusoids with piecewise frequency content (f = 1/16 Hz for 0<t<200 sec, f = 1/32 Hz for 200<t<400 sec, and f = 1/96 Hz for 400<t<720 sec; thick lines in figure), embedded in Gaussian white noise (SNR=1.25; thin lines in figure). For the WTC, the phase angle between the 2 time series at particular locations in the time-frequency plane is indicated by an arrow (see text for further detail). Regions inside the cone of influence appear in faded color.
Wavelet transform coherence between the PCC and 3 of its anticorrelated ROIs, shown for 6 subjects: (top row) right SMG, (middle row) right insula, and (bottom row) right DLPFC. For each WTC map, time is on the x-axis and scale (Fourier period) is on the y-axis. Maps have been thresholded to include only regions that were significant at 95% confidence based on Monte Carlo tests. Colors indicate ranges of the wavelet coherence phase. A phase difference of 0 indicates positive correlation; π indicates negative correlation; π/2 indicates that the PCC ROI leads the anticorrelated ROI; −π/2 indicates that the anticorrelated ROI leads the PCC ROI. Regions of insignificant coherence appear in dark blue, and areas inside the cone of influence are in purple.
Wavelet transform coherence between the PCC and default-mode ROIs, shown for 6 subjects: (top row) MPFC, (middle row) right angular gyrus, (bottom row) left angular gyrus. For further detail, please refer to the caption of .
Significance of temporal variability in the wavelet transform coherence. Each plot shows the number of subjects for which the variance in the WTC between the PCC and the indicated ROI exceeded the 90% (blue) and 95% (red) confidence levels, for each wavelet scale (Fourier period).
Time-averaged coherence (see ), shown for default-mode (top row) and anticorrelated (middle and bottom rows) ROIs. Thick lines represent the mean across subjects (N=12), and error bars represent standard error.
Percentage of the total significant coherence occurring within each phase range (φ±π/4), within each of 5 different frequency bands. Lines and error bars represent the mean±SD, respectively, across the 3 DMN ROIs (left) and 6 anticorrelated ROIs (right).
(A) WTC analysis and (B) time-averaged coherence between the PCC ROI and voxels in the MPFC having an overall correlation coefficient with the same approximate SNR as the anticorrelated ROIs in the actual data (for the instance shown here, r = 0.35±0.03 (mean±SD across subjects)). For the time-averaged coherence, error bars indicate the standard error of the mean over 50 iterations.
(A) Variability (standard deviation) over the sequence of 2-min sliding-window correlation coefficients, averaged across all 12 subjects. Five ROIs chosen for further analysis are labeled. (B) t-maps of positive and negative correlations with the PCC (red and blue, respectively, and thresholded identically to ), superimposed for anatomical comparison with regions of high variability (SD>0.18; magenta). (C) The intersection of group-level seeded correlation maps (computed across all time points in the scan) using ROIs 1, 2, and 3 as seed regions (green overlay), and using ROIs 4 and 5 as seed regions (cyan overlay). The slice location (z, mm) appears in white numerals and also applies to parts (A) and (B).
Range of sliding-window correlation values for ROIs 1–5 (), for window sizes of 2 min (top row) and 4 min (bottom row). Vertical lines indicate the minimum and maximum values of the windowed correlation coefficient across the scan, and the dot on each bar indicates the mean.
Group average (N=12) of Fisher z-transformed correlation coefficients between 5 ROIs () whose correlation with the PCC was highly variable over time. High mutual correlation was observed between ROIs 1–3, and between ROIs 4–5.
(Top row) Time-averaged coherence for for the 5 ROIs indicated in . Thick lines represent the mean across subjects (N=12), and error bars represent standard error. (Bottom row) Histograms of the number of subjects for which the variance in the WTC between the PCC and the indicated ROI exceeded the 90% (blue) and 95% (red) confidence levels, for each wavelet scale (Fourier period).
Raw time series and sliding-window correlation coefficients between the PCC and (A) ROI5 and (B) ROI2, shown for one subject (Subject 1). Sliding-window correlation coefficients are plotted at the time point corresponding to the center of its associated window.
Negative correlations with the PCC across two successive 7-min segments of resting-state data, shown for one subject. (A) First 7 min, (B) second 7 min. Intensity values represent correlation coefficient (color scale is 0.08<r<0.4), and map is superimposed on the subject s T2-weighted anatomic image. Substantial differences between the two segments are apparent.
F31 AG032168-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States | [
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149th Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry | Learn | FamilySearch.org
149th Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry From FamilySearch Wiki (Difference between revisions) Jump to: navigation , search Revision as of 23:31, 25 September 2013 (view source)Pparadise (Talk | contribs)← Older edit
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*Pennsylvania-German Society.''Der Reggeboge. The Rainbow''. (Birdsboro, Pa. [etc.]: Pennsylvania German Society, 1967). v. 27 no. 2 1993. Weidle, Benjamin Franklin and Edward E. Quinter. "Letters home to Myerstaun (1863-1864)". {{FHL|1033974|item|disp=FHL 974.8 B2r v. 26-27}}. [https://www.worldcat.org/title/reggeboge-the-rainbow/oclc/1855408&referer=brief_results WorldCat].<br> *Pennsylvania-German Society.''Der Reggeboge. The Rainbow''. (Birdsboro, Pa. [etc.]: Pennsylvania German Society, 1967). v. 27 no. 2 1993. Weidle, Benjamin Franklin and Edward E. Quinter. "Letters home to Myerstaun (1863-1864)". {{FHL|1033974|item|disp=FHL 974.8 B2r v. 26-27}}. [https://www.worldcat.org/title/reggeboge-the-rainbow/oclc/1855408&referer=brief_results WorldCat].<br>
−*Bassler, J. H. Reminiscences of the First Day's Fight at Gettysburg. Myerstown, Pa: Myerstown Enterprise, 1896. {{FHL|664942|item|disp=FHL Fiche 6084105}}. WorldCat.+*Bassler, J. H. Reminiscences of the First Day's Fight at Gettysburg. Myerstown, Pa: Myerstown Enterprise, 1896. {{FHL|664942|item|disp=FHL Fiche 6084105}}. [https://www.worldcat.org/title/reminiscences-of-the-first-days-fight-at-gettysburg/oclc/34090414&referer=brief_results WorldCat.]
−*Pa-roots gives a history of this regiment and includes rosters for each company. It also lists additional references.<br>+*[http://www.pa-roots.com/pacw/infantry/149th/149thorg.html Pa-roots ]gives a history of this regiment and includes[http://www.pa-roots.com/pacw/infantry/paregimentsnew3.html rosters] for each company. [http://www.pa-roots.com/pacw/infantry/149th/149thpvi.htm Additional history] for Companies B, E, and F. It also lists additional[http://www.pa-roots.com/pacw/infantry/paregimentsnew3.html references.]<br>
−*Ranger95 describes the history of this regiment. It lists rosters for each company. It includes an image of the monument for this regiment.<br>+*[http://ranger95.com/civil_war_us/penna/infantry/149pav/149th_rgt_inf.html Ranger95] describes the history of this regiment. It lists rosters for each company. It includes an image of the monument for this regiment.<br>
−*PaArchives lists the men in each company with the place each was enrolled.+*[http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r19-65RegisterPaVolunteers/r19-65%20Reg147-159Interface.htm PaArchives ]lists the men in each company with the place each was enrolled.
Revision as of 23:34, 25 September 2013
United States U.S. Military Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Military Pennsylvania in the Civil War 149th Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry Contents
Brief History This regiment was organized at Harrisburg August, 1862.It mustered out June 24, 1865.[1] This regiment was also known as the 2nd Bucktails. For more information on the history of this unit, see: The Civil War Archive section, 149th Regiment Infantry (2nd Bucktails), (accessed 26 October 2012).
Company A - Many men were recruited in Tioga County - See Roster
Company B - Many men were recruited in Clearfield County - See Roster
Company C - Many men were recruited in Dauphin County and Lebanon County - See Roster
Company D - Many men were recruited in Allegheny County and Huntingdon County - See Roster
Company E - Many men were recruited in Clearfield County, Lackawana County and Westmoreland County - See Roster
Company F - Many men were recruited inLuzerne County and Union County - See Roster
Company G - Many men were recruited in Huntingdon County, Tioga County, and Potter County - See Roster
Company H - Many men were recruited in Clarion County and Mifflin County - See Roster
Company K - Many men were recruited in Potter County - See Roster
Unassigned Men - See Roster The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors database lists 2,799 men on its roster for this unit. Roster.
National Park Service, The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System, is searchable by soldier's name and state. It contains basic facts about soldiers on both sides of the Civil War, a list of regiments, descriptions of significant battles, sources of the information, and suggestions for where to find additional information. Pennsylvania in the Civil War describes many sources, specifically for Pennsylvania, and how to find them. These include compiled service records, pension records, rosters, cemetery records, Internet databases, published books, etc. United States Civil War, 1861 to 1865 describes and explains United States and Confederate States records, rather than state records, and how to find them. These include veterans’ censuses, compiled service records, pension records, rosters, cemetery records, Internet databases, published books, etc. Matthews, Richard E. The 149th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Unit in the Civil War. (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co, 1994). FHL Book 974.8 M2mr. GoogleBooks. WorldCat.
Nesbit, John W. General History of Company D, 149th Pennsylvania Volunteers and Personal Sketches of the Members. ([S.l.]: Oakdale Print. and Pub. Co, 1908). FHL Fiche 6084106.GoogleBooks. Pittedu. PennState. WorldCat
Pennsylvania-German Society.Der Reggeboge. The Rainbow. (Birdsboro, Pa. [etc.]: Pennsylvania German Society, 1967). v. 27 no. 2 1993. Weidle, Benjamin Franklin and Edward E. Quinter. "Letters home to Myerstaun (1863-1864)". FHL 974.8 B2r v. 26-27. WorldCat.
Bassler, J. H. Reminiscences of the First Day's Fight at Gettysburg. Myerstown, Pa: Myerstown Enterprise, 1896. FHL Fiche 6084105. WorldCat.
Pa-roots gives a history of this regiment and includesrosters for each company. Additional history for Companies B, E, and F. It also lists additionalreferences.
PaArchives lists the men in each company with the place each was enrolled.
Retrieved from "https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/149th_Regiment,_Pennsylvania_Infantry" | [
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Home > Business Directory > Building Contractors > Excel Group
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Patent US4003434 - Method and apparatus for running, operating, and retrieving subsea well ... - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsA method and apparatus for running, operating, and retrieving packoffs, bowl protectors, casing heads, casing hangers, and other well tools employed in drilling and completing subsea wells. Broadly considered, the method involves running the well tool and a special running and retrieving tool to which...http://www.google.com/patents/US4003434?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US4003434 - Method and apparatus for running, operating, and retrieving subsea well equipmentAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS4003434 APublication typeGrantApplication numberUS 05/599,141Publication dateJan 18, 1977Filing dateJul 25, 1975Priority dateJul 25, 1975Also published asCA1041008A1Publication number05599141, 599141, US 4003434 A, US 4003434A, US-A-4003434, US4003434 A, US4003434AInventorsMichael R. Garrett, Michael J. KrenekOriginal AssigneeFmc CorporationExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (9), Referenced by (10), Classifications (7) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetMethod and apparatus for running, operating, and retrieving subsea well equipmentUS 4003434 AAbstract A method and apparatus for running, operating, and retrieving packoffs, bowl protectors, casing heads, casing hangers, and other well tools employed in drilling and completing subsea wells. Broadly considered, the method involves running the well tool and a special running and retrieving tool to which it is releasably connected into the well by means of a drill or other pipe string and then pressurizing the wellhead through the choke and kill lines to actuate the running and retrieving tool and release it from the well tool for subsequent retrieval and re-use. Various embodiments of the running and retrieving tool are described.
What is claimed is: 1. A method of releasing a running and retrieving tool connected to a pipe string from a well tool located in a well below a blowout preventer system, said well having a wellhead and at least one choke and kill line extending from said wellhead to a control station, comprisinga. closing the blowout preventer system around the pipe string, b. conducting hydraulic pressure through the choke and kill line into the well to pressurize the well annulus below the blowout preventer system, and c. exerting the choke and kill line hydraulic pressure in the well annulus against pressure-responsive means on the running and retrieving tool to disengage said means from said well tool, thereby releasing said running and retrieving tool from said well tool for withdrawal by said pipe string from said well. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the running and retrieving tool is located in the wellhead.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-responsive means includes hydraulic piston means responsive to externally applied pressure for actuation.
4. A hydraulically actuated running and retrieving tool for use in running and retrieving well tools into and from a remotely located wellhead, said running and retrieving tool comprisinga. a body, b. means on the body for attaching the tool to a drill pipe string, and c. means on the body for releasably connecting the running and retrieving tool to a well tool, said connecting means comprising external piston means mounted on the exterior of said body and linearly movable with respect thereto in response to external exertion of hydraulic pressure thereon, whereby exertion of said external hydraulic pressure actuates said external piston means and releases said running and retrieving tool from said well tool. 5. A running and retrieving tool according to claim 4, wherein the releasably connecting means comprises a split contractible lock ring.
6. A running and retrieving tool according to claim 4, wherein the releasably connecting means comprises at least one lock piston.
7. A running and retrieving tool according to claim 7, wherein the piston means comprises an annular external hydraulic piston sealed in fluid-tight manner to the body, and wherein the releasably connecting means comprises a split contractible lock ring, said lock ring contracting in response to application of said external hydraulic pressure to said external hydraulic piston.
8. A running and retrieving tool according to claim 4, wherein the releasably connecting means facilitates interconnecting said running and retrieving tool with a well tool in the absence of hydraulic pressure.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to methods and apparatus for running, operating, and retrieving devices used in drilling and completing wells at an underwater location. More particularly, the invention relates to hydraulically actuated tools for running, operating, and retrieving various subsea well completion equipment such as packoffs, bowl protectors, casing heads, and casing hangers, and to methods for actuating these tools. United States patents on these subjects can be found in class 166 of the United States Patent Classification System.
Prior to the present invention, in the process of drilling and completing subsea oil and gas wells it has been conventional practice to employ external hydraulic lines or the inner bore of the drill pipe string to conduct hydraulic control fluid from the drilling vessel or platform to the subsea wellhead for actuating various well tools at that remote location. Although external hydraulic lines are generally successful these lines are cumbersome, they are easily damaged, their cost is significant, and their use usually requires a separate source of power and controls therefor. Using the bore of the drill string also is not considered desirable, especially because of the time involved in installing the kelly assembly. Furthermore, when the drill string is employed for this purpose it must be plugged at the bottom, and this prevents the hydraulic fluid from draining as the string is broken apat during retrieval from the well, with the result that the hydraulic fluid spills onto the work area. Although retrievable plugs can be used in the drill string, such use requires an extra, and of course costly, trip into and out of the well to retrieve the plug.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Broadly considered, the present invention involves the use of the choke and kill lines to conduct hydraulic pressure from the surface to a subsea or other remotely located wellhead for actuating a special hydraulically operated running and retrieving tool that is employed to releasably interconnect a well tool such as for example, a packoff, a bowl protector, a casing head, and a casing hanger, to a drill string or other pipe string on which this equipment is run into the well. In carrying out the method of this invention, after the well tool has been run into the wellhead the blowout preventer stack is closed around the running string, and the wellhead is then pressurized through the choke and kill lines. This pressure actuates a hydraulic piston or other hydraulically responsive element on the running and retrieving tool to release it from the well tool, whereupon the running and retrieving tool can be retrieved by lifting straight up on the running string and withdrawing it from the well.
One embodiment of running and retrieving tool according to the present invention has a split contractible lock ring that functions to releasably secure this tool to the well tool that is being run into or retrieved from the well. Application of hydraulic pressure against an annular piston on the running and retrieving tool causes the piston to contract the lock ring inwardly into an annular recess in the tool body, thereby releasing the running and retrieving tool from the well tool, and facilitating its withdrawal from the well tool and the well by simply lifting on the running string.
Another embodiment of running and retrieving tool according to this invention employs a plurality of lock pistons in lieu of the lock ring to interconnect the tool with a well tool, these lock pistons preferably being spaced circumferentially about the running and retrieving tool body and being spring-biased in an outward or locking direction. The lock pistons are disengaged from the well tool, thereby unlocking or releasing the running and retrieving tool from said well tool, also by pressurizing the wellhead through the choke and kill lines.
The various embodiments of the running and retrieving tool of the present invention can be employed not only to run and/or retrieve well tools into and from a subsea wellhead, they also can be employed to operate the well tools, such as setting a compression-type packoff in the wellhead, if desired.
Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to provide a new method and apparatus for running, operating, and retrieving subsea well tools.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for hydraulically operating subsea well tools without the need for auxiliary hydraulic lines.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for hydraulic operation of remote well tools without employing a drill string, or other pipe string, as a conduit for the hydraulic pressure.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a new type of hydraulically operated running and retrieving tool for use in drilling and completion activities in subsea wells.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a more efficient method and apparatus for running and retrieving well tools from a remotely located wellhead.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an elevation, partially in section, diagrammatically illustrating a subsea wellhead, a blowout preventer mounted on the wellhead, and one embodiment of running and retrieving tool according to the present invention attached to a drill string and releasably connected to a packoff between the wellhead and the casing hanger of the innermost casing string.
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view of the wellhead of FIG. 1 showing a modification of the running and retrieving tool.
FIG. 3 is a view like FIG. 1, illustrating another embodiment of running and retrieving tool according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view like FIG. 2, showing a modification of the running and retrieving tool illustrated in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a view like FIG. 1, illustrating yet another embodiment of running and retrieving tool according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a view like FIG. 2, showing a modified version of the running and retrieving tool of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary view similar to FIG. 1, illustrating still another embodiment of running and retrieving tool according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a view like FIG. 2, illustrating a modification of the running and retrieving tool of FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is an elevation in central section, and on an enlarged scale, of another embodiment of running and retrieving tool according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring first to FIG. 1, a hydraulically actuated running and retrieving tool according to the present invention is diagrammatically illustrated at 10, and comprises a generally annular body 12, an axially-split, contractible lock ring 14 carried by the body 12 in an external annular groove 16, and an annular piston 18 surrounding the portion of the body 12 above the lock ring 14. The body 12 has an upwardly extending central tubular portion 12a that is threaded at its upper end for attaching the tool 10 to a drill string or other pipe string 20 that is employed to run and retrieve the tool into and from a subsea wellhead 22. The tool body 12 also has a downwardly extending central tubular portion 12b for supporting an annular flexible seal element 24 that provides a fluid-tight barrier in the annulus between the tubular portion 12b and a casing string 26 when the tool 10 is properly positioned in the wellhead 22, as shown in FIG. 1.
The lock ring 14 is somewhat L-shaped in cross-section, having a radially outwardly projecting portion 14a, an outwardly and upwardly sloping lower cam surface 28, and an inwardly and upwardly sloping upper cam surface 30. In the lock ring's expanded condition as illustrated in FIG. 1, the portion 14a projects a significant distance beyond the outer annular surface 12c of the tool body 12. When, as shown in FIG. 1, the running and retrieving tool 10 is properly connected to a well tool such as a compression-type packoff diagrammatically illustrated at 32, the lock ring 14 protrudes into an inner annular groove in the well tool, such as the groove 34 near the upper end of the packoff 32, thereby releasably securing the packoff 32 or other well tool to the running and retrieving tool 10 so that they can be run into and/or retrieved from the wellhead 22 as an assembly.
The annular piston 18 of the running and retrieving tool 10 includes a body 18a that surrounds the tool's upper tubular portion 12a, and a skirt 18b that extends downwardly from the outer edge of the body 18a to surround the upper area of the tool body 12. The piston 18 is slidable axially with respect to the tool body 12, and is dynamically sealed thereto by annular seal elements 36,38. As the piston 18 moves downwardly with respect to the tool body 12, the lower inner edge of the skirt 18b bears against the lock ring cam surface 30, thereby camming the ring inwardly into the groove 16 and withdrawing the ring from engagement with the packoff 32.
A central longitudinal bore 40 extends through the tool 10 and is continuous with a bore 42 in the running string 20. The piston 18 and the body 12 of the tool 10 form an annular chamber 44, and this chamber is vented to the bore 40 by a passage 46 to relieve pressure in the chamber as the piston moves downwardly, and also of course to facilitate returning the piston to its uppermost postion as shown in FIG. 1.
When employing the running and retrieving tool 10 to run the packoff 32 or other well tool into the wellhead 22, which wellhead is surmounted by a blowout preventer system diagrammatically illustrated at 48, the packoff is releasably connected to the tool 10 at the drilling platform or vessel by means of the lock ring 14. The tool 10 and the packoff 32 are then run as an assembly into the wellhead 22, the packoff is landed as on a fluted casing hanger 50, locked to the wellhead by expanding the packoff's split lock ring 52 into a wellhead groove 54, and the packoff's annular resilient seal element 56 compressed axially until it establishes the desired fluid-tight barrier between the wellhead and the casing hanger 50. The blowout preventer rams 58 are then closed around the running string 20, and hydraulic pressure is applied to the wellhead interior 60 through the choke and kill lines diagrammatically represented at 62. Since the wellhead interior 60 is sealed off by the running and retrieving tool seal element 24, the packoff seal element 56, and the blowout preventer rams 58, the differential pressure between the wellhead interior and the bore 42 of the running string 20 forces the running and retrieving tool piston 18 downwardly, thereby contracting the tool lock ring 14 and releasing the tool from the packoff 32. The wellhead interior 60 then can be depressurized, as by releasing the hydraulic pressure in the choke and kill lines 62, the blowout preventer rams 58 opened, and the tool 10 retrieved from the wellhead by withdrawal of the running string 20.
When the running and retrieving tool 10 is used to retrieve the packoff 32 or other well tool from a wellhead such as 22, the tool 10 with the piston 18 in its upper position, i.e., as in FIG. 1 wherein the lock ring 14 is in its expanded condition, is run on the running string 20 into the wellhead and the packoff until the lock ring 14 is opposite the packoff groove 34. As the lock ring 14 moves downwardly through the top of the packoff, the lower cam surface 28 of the lock ring engages the packoff whereby the ring is caused to contract into the tool groove 16. When the lock ring 14 reaches the packoff groove 34 it expands into this groove, thereby interconnecting the packoff and the tool 10 for subsequent retrieval as an assembly simply by withdrawing the running string 20 from the well.
When the present invention is to be employed for running, operating, and/or retrieving a packoff or other well tool having well-known "J" slot connecting means, a modified version of running and retrieving tool 100, illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 2, can be used. This tool 100 comprises a body 102 with upper and lower central tubular portions 102a,102b, an annular seal element 104 on the lower tubular portion 102b, and a central bore 106, all functionally equivalent to their counterparts 12a, 12b, 24, and 40, respectively, in the tool 10 of FIG. 1. However, instead of a split lock ring, the tool 100 has a plurality of circumferentially spaced lock pistons 108 disposed in individual lateral chambers 110 (only one shown) in the body 102, and each lock piston is biased outwardly into the packoff groove 34 by a coil spring 112 (only one shown). Each lock piston 108 is dynamically sealed to its chamber 110 by an annular seal element 114 (only one shown), and each chamber is vented to the tool bore 106 by a passage 116 (only one shown).
Accordingly, when the wellhead 22 is pressurized through the choke and kill lines 62 (FIG. 1), the lock pistons 108 are forced inwardly towards the tool bore 106 and out of the packoff groove 34, thereby releasing the tool 100 from the packoff for subsequent retrieval from the well.
The coil springs 112 of the running and retrieving tool 100 (FIG. 2) that bias the lock pistons 108 outwardly also permit the lock pistons to move inwardly as the tool is being inserted into the packoff 32, that is in response to the camming action of the packoff's upper inner annular cam surface 32a. Accordingly, this tool 100 eliminates the need to rotate the running string in order to locate the entrance to the "J" slot in the packoff or other well tool when connecting the tool 100 to these well tools.
Because of their through bores 40 and 106, both the running and retrieving tool 10 and its modified version 100 are completely pressure balanced while being run into or retrieved from a well. Thus they do not have a tendency to be pumped out of the well, and of course they do not pressure up the entire casing string, during their operation.
The running and retrieving tool diagrammatically illustrated at 120 in FIG. 3 is identical in most respects to the tool 10 of FIG. 1, the difference being that the tool body 122 is closed at its lower end so that its bore 124 terminates within the body 122 instead of extending entirely through it. Otherwise the tool 120 has a piston 126, a lock ring 128, and an upper central tubular portion 122a that are functional equivalent to their counterparts 18,14, and 12a, respectively, of the tool 10. The chamber 130 is vented to the tool bore 124 by one or more passages 132, and pressure balancing is accomplished by perforations or ports 136 in the drill string 134 above the blowout preventer 48. Thus, it should be evident that the tools 10 and 120 function generally in the same manner with respect to their operation during running and retrieving well tools into and from a remotely located wellhead.
The running and retrieving tool 140 shown in FIG. 4 is a modified version of the tool 120 of FIG. 3, having a body 142 with sprinng-biased lock pistons 144 that are employed in lieu of the lock ring 128 to interconnect the tool 140 with a packoff 32 or other well tool. Thus, this tool 140 functions in the same way as the tool 100 of FIG. 2, yet is pressure balanced in the manner of tool 120 of FIG. 3.
As should be readily apparent, both running and retrieving tools 120,140 may be modified by the provision of a seal or packing element, such as 24 of FIG. 1, to seal them to the casing 26 where pressuring up the entire casing string is not desirable. Such a seal could be mounted, for example, on a cylindrical downward extension of the tool bodies 122,142, much like the lower central tubular portion 12b of FIG. 1, but without, of course, a bore.
The running and retrieving tool 160 shown in FIG. 5 is a variation of the tool 10 of FIG. 1, the difference being in the arrangement for pressure-balancing. Like the tool 10, the tool 160 has a body 162 with an upper central tubular portion 162a and a lower central tubular portion 162b, a split contractible lock ring 164, and an annular piston 166 for retracting the lock ring into its groove 168. In addition, the tool body 162 has a second upper tubular portion 162c concentrically disposed around and spaced from the extension 162a, thereby defining an annulus 170 that is in communication with the chamber 172 between the piston 166 and the tool body 162 by means of one or more ports 174 (only one shown). The annulus 170 extends above the blowout preventer system 48 to vent the chamber 172 at a location above the preventer. Otherwise, the tool 160 functions in identical manner with the tool 10 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 illustrates how the tool 160 of FIG. 5 can be modified by employing lock pistons instead of a lock ring. In FIG. 6, the tool 180 has a body 182, upper and lower central tubular portions 182a, 182b, an outer upper tubular portion 182c concentric with and spaced from the tubular portion 182a, and a pressure balancing annulus 184 communicating with lock piston chambers 186 (only one shown) by means of passages 188 (only one shown). A plurality of lock pistons 190 function like their counterparts in tools 100 (FIG. 2) and 140 (FIG. 4) to releasably interconnect the tool 180 with a packoff 32 or other well tool. If desired, the through bores 176,192 of the tools 160,180 can be closed in the respective tool bodies to provide yet another version of this apparatus similar to that illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
The running and retrieving tool 200 illustrated in FIG. 7 is similar to the tool 10 of FIG. 1, in that it has a body 202 with a single upper central tubular portion 202a, a through-bore 204, a split contractible lock ring 206, and an annular piston 208. However, in lieu of a lower central tubular body portion and a seal element corresponding to 12b and 24 of the tool 10, the piston 208 is provided with an annular dynamic seal 210 that functions as a pressure barrier between the piston and the wellhead 22. Furthermore, the annular chamber 212 between the piston 208 and the tool body 202 is vented to the wellhead below the seal 210 by one or more passages 214 (only one shown), thereby achieving pressure balancing to the tool bore 204 in slightly different manner than that employed in the tool 10. In other respects, the tools 200 and 10 function identically in response to being pressurized through the choke and kill lines 62 (FIG. 1) according to the present invention.
In FIG. 8 the running and retrieving tool 220 has a body 222 with a single upper central tubular portion 222a, a through bore 224, a plurality of hydraulically responsive lock pistons 226 biased outwardly of the tool body 222 by coil springs 228, and passages 230 (only one shown) providing communication between piston chambers 232 (only one shown) and the bore 224 for pressure balancing purposes. This tool 220 is sealed to the packoff 32, or other well tool to which it may be releasably connected by the lock pistons 226, by means of an annular seal element 234 residing in an external groove in the tool body 222 beneath the level of the lock pistons. As will be readily understood, this tool 220 operates in the same manner as the tools of FIGS. 2, 4 and 6 when subjected to pressure in the wellhead 22.
As should be evident, both tools 200 and 220 can be modified by closing their through bores 204,224, respectively, if such is desirable, without in any way changing their mode of operation.
The running and retrieving tool 240 illustrated in FIG. 9 is particularly suitable for running and/or retrieving bowl protectors in accordance with the present invention. This tool comprises a body 242 with an upper central tubular portion 242a, a lower central cylindrical portion 242b for supporting a seal element such as shown at 24 in FIG. 1, an annular piston 244, and a split contractible lock ring 246. The piston 244 is retained on the tool body 242 by one or more bolts 248 that project freely through the piston into threaded engagement with the tool body, and a retaining nut 250 that is non-rotatably secured to the bolt 248 by a set screw (not shown). The annular chamber 252 between the piston 244 and the tool body 242 is vented to the tool's central bore 254 by one or more passages 256 (only one shown) for pressure equalizing purposes, and a port 258 with a removable pipe plug 260 affords a means to flush out the chamber 252 when desired. The piston is dynamically sealed to the tool body by annular seal elements 262,264, and longitudinal passages 266 through the piston and 268 through the tool body provide a means to eliminate pressure build-up in the well as the tool 240 is being run or retrieved.
In operation, the tool 240 functions in like manner to the tool 120 of FIG. 3, the tool 240 of course being attached to a running string that is perforated or ported at a level above the blowout preventer system, as shown in FIG. 3.
One of the highly desirable advantages of this invention is that the use of choke and kill lines to conduct hydraulic pressure to the wellhead 22 for operating the running and retrieving tools described above eliminates the need for additional hydraulic lines that are cumbersome and easily damaged, that involve added equipment cost, and that usually require a separate power source. Furthermore, since choke and kill lines are normally present in a wellhead system during drilling, their use for this additional function requires no additional hook up time, thereby also achieving a significant financial saving over previous techniques that utilize a separate hydraulic system between the drilling platform or vessel and the wellhead.
Patent CitationsCited PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS2695064 *Aug 1, 1949Nov 23, 1954Baker Oil Tools IncWell packer apparatusUS3002561 *Dec 23, 1957Oct 3, 1961Baker Oil Tools IncSubsurface well toolUS3086590 *Jun 23, 1958Apr 23, 1963Mcevoy CompanyApparatus for drilling and completion of inaccessible wellsUS3098525 *Apr 27, 1961Jul 23, 1963Shell Oil CoApparatus for installing and retrieving equipment from underwater wellsUS3177703 *Dec 2, 1963Apr 13, 1965Cameron Iron Works IncMethod and apparatus for running and testing an assembly for sealing between wellhead conduitsUS3223169 *Aug 6, 1962Dec 14, 1965Otis Eng CoRetrievable well packerUS3321217 *Aug 2, 1965May 23, 1967Ventura Tool CompanyCoupling apparatus for well heads and the likeUS3412801 *Nov 8, 1966Nov 26, 1968Schlumberger Technology CorpRetrievable well packer apparatusUS3924678 *Jul 15, 1974Dec 9, 1975Vetco Offshore Ind IncCasing hanger and packing running apparatus* Cited by examinerReferenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS4284142 *May 7, 1979Aug 18, 1981Armco Inc.Method and apparatus for remote installation and servicing of underwater well apparatusUS4736799 *Jan 14, 1987Apr 12, 1988Cameron Iron Works Usa, Inc.Packoff assembly for sealing the walls of an annulusUS4909321 *Dec 27, 1988Mar 20, 1990Conoco Inc.Wireline releasing deviceUS4986359 *Apr 16, 1990Jan 22, 1991Vetco Gray Inc.Release apparatus and method for threaded conductor pipeUS5000266 *May 4, 1990Mar 19, 1991Cooper Industries, Inc.Hydraulic/torsion packoff installation toolUS5080174 *Jan 14, 1991Jan 14, 1992Cooper Industries, Inc.Hydraulic packoff and casing hanger installation toolUS5450905 *Aug 23, 1994Sep 19, 1995Abb Vetco Gray Inc.Pressure assist installation of production components in wellheadUS6390198Jan 19, 2001May 21, 2002Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.Method for running two tubing strings into a wellEP0495437A2 *Jan 13, 1992Jul 22, 1992Cooper Cameron CorporationHydraulic packoff and casing hanger installation toolWO1999039073A2 *Jan 29, 1999Aug 5, 1999Dresser IndMethod and apparatus for running two tubing strings into a well* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification166/377, 166/120, 166/136, 166/212International ClassificationE21B33/043Cooperative ClassificationE21B33/043European ClassificationE21B33/043RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google | [
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Stepping into his father’s shoes | bollywood | Hindustan Times
Stepping into his father’s shoes
Director Atul Sabharwal, whose documentary about the shoe trade in Agra is set for a release, talks about what prompted him to explore the subject.
bollywood Updated: Apr 02, 2015 17:29 IST
A-still-from-In-Their-Shoes
The phrase ‘revisiting your roots’ means different things to different people. But for Atul Sabharwal, who marked his Bollywood directorial debut with Aurangzeb (2013), going home meant looking at Agra, his hometown’s indigenous shoe industry through a different lens — for his upcoming documentary, In Their Shoes. Here, the director talks about his new work and how it altered his view about film-making.
How did the idea of the documentary strike you?
It is a documentary that I wanted to make since 2010, but it was only in 2013 that I started work on it. It is about people who are involved in the shoe trade in Agra, Uttar Pradesh. It’s relevant because of the government policies that we are facing today, especially with the ‘Make in India’ programme as a context. I am involved in it as a producer, director and a son. Primarily, it started with me wanting to ask my father why he pushed me out of the family business, which was shoe-making.
Most directors first try making a short film or documentary before working on a feature film. It was different in your case.
I did a short film first called Midnight Lost And Found (2008). Then, of course, I didn’t plan that my first directorial project on a commercial scale would be a television show (Powder), although my focus was to make a feature film. Similarly, I didn’t plan this documentary; there was an urge to do this to figure out how an industry, which I’ve seen while growing up, has changed.
Why did you not choose to go into the shoe trade?
My first love has always been movies. The most comfortable thing would have been to join the shoe trade, but I was pushed away from the easy path by my father. After I finished my schooling, I told him that I was keen on joining the business. Instead of that, he encouraged me to join his CA’s firm as I was pursuing commerce. Six months down the line, they asked me to appear for the CA foundation exam. Soon, I moved to Delhi, but eventually realised my passion for film-making.
What were the challenges of making the documentary?
They were personal in nature. Asking my father about his trade was challenging.
What are the troubles that the industry is currently facing?
The best of the leather is exported. Also, being an old industry, it is not organised well monetarily. People who are working on a small scale want to keep it that way as they don’t want to get into trouble with the excise department, plus, the corruption doesn’t help. Post liberalisation, Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme (VDIS) was introduced to dissuade corruption. But that just got worse as now, a larger sum is involved than before. Also, competition is harder as foreign players had entered the market.
How did people who have seen you since childhood react to you following them with a camera?
The familiarity helped them to adapt being in front of the camera. Also, through electronic news, people are now used to the idea of a camera tracking them.
How did the film enrich your style of film-making?
The film has matured me as a film-maker. I have gone and fetched the smallest of things, hunted for a poster designer, and even bargained fees as we just had a five-member crew. | [
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The pain in Spain: Officials propose breaking up the country | Fox News
Catalan regional acting president Artur Mas. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez)
Two parties holding a majority of seats in Catalonia's new regional parliament on Tuesday presented a motion for the chamber to announce the formal start of secession from Spain and the formation of a new republican state of Catalonia.
Although the pro-independence camp won 72 seats, it got only 48 percent of the popular vote. This is because Spain's electoral system gives more seats to votes from rural areas, where secession sentiment is strong in Catalonia. Most of the remaining parties are strongly opposed to independence.
Spain has ruled out any possibility of Catalonia becoming independent, saying it goes against the country's constitution.
The region of 7.5 million people is responsible for nearly a fifth of Spain's economic output. | [
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Roberto Coin 36” Pebble Pendant Diamond Cut Necklace 18k Yellow White Gold $2650 | eBay
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Length (inches): 36 Style: Chain
Brand: Roberto Coin Base Metal: White Gold, 18k
Immediate payment of US $799.95 is required. | [
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Princeton Radiology Associates P.A., Inc.: CEO and Executives - Bloomberg
Company Overview of Princeton Radiology Associates P.A., Inc.
Key Executives for Princeton Radiology Associates P.A., Inc.
Princeton Radiology Associates P.A., Inc. Board Members*
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To contact Princeton Radiology Associates P.A., Inc., please visit . Company data is provided by S&P Global Market Intelligence. Please use this form to report any data issues. | [
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Shop Safavieh Handmade Moroccan Cambridge Gold/ Ivory Wool Rug with .5-inch Pile - 9' x 12' - On Sale - Free Shipping Today - Overstock.com - 8531135
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Dale County, Alabama From FamilySearch Wiki (Difference between revisions) Jump to: navigation , search Revision as of 23:05, 7 August 2012 (view source)Evancol (Talk | contribs) (Added Military Records)← Older edit
−| style="height: 25px" valign="middle" width="16.6%" | <br> +| width="16.6%" valign="middle" style="height: 25px" | <center>1919</center> −| style="height: 25px" valign="middle" width="16.6%" | <br> +| width="16.6%" valign="middle" style="height: 25px" | <center>1884</center> −| style="height: 25px" valign="middle" width="16.6%" | <br> +| width="16.6%" valign="middle" style="height: 25px" | <center>1920</center> −| style="height: 25px" valign="middle" width="16.6%" | <br> +| width="16.6%" valign="middle" style="height: 25px" | <center>1866</center> −| style="height: 25px" valign="middle" width="16.6%" | <br> +| width="16.6%" valign="middle" style="height: 25px" | <center>1884</center> −| style="height: 25px" valign="middle" width="16.6%" | <br>+| width="16.6%" valign="middle" style | [
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S&P 500 Options Showing Little Fear Over Trump Policy...For Now - Bloomberg
Bloomberg Anywhere Remote LoginDownload SoftwareService Center MENU Homepage Markets Stocks Currencies Commodities Rates + Bonds Economics Magazine Benchmark Watchlist Economic Calendar Tech U.S. Global Startups Cybersecurity Digital Media Bloomberg Technology TV Hello World Studio 1.0 Pursuits Cars & Bikes Style & Grooming Spend Watches & Gadgets Food & Drinks Travel Real Estate Art & Design Politics Global Risk Briefing How We’ll Know if Trump Is Making America Great Again Tracking Trump’s Web of Conflicts The Inauguration of Donald J. Trump On the March in Trump’s Capital Opinion View Gadfly Businessweek Subscribe Cover Stories Opening Remarks Etc Features 85th Anniversary Issue Behind The Cover More Science + Energy Graphics Game Plan Small Business Personal Finance Inspire GO The David Rubenstein Show Sponsored Content Bloomberg About The Company Sign In Sign In Subscribe S&P 500 Options Showing Little Fear Over Trump Policy...For Now
January 24, 2017, 9:43 AM EST
Smoothness of term structure mirrors pre-election complacency
Bond volatility relatively higher as uncertainties abound
Morning Meeting: VIX and the Trump Reflation Trade
S&P 500 options are showing little anxiety over Donald Trump’s policies over the next few weeks, even as rates options capture concerns, according to Bloomberg strategist Tanvir Sandhu.The smoothness of S&P 500 Index’s volatility term structure indicates complacency in factoring in policy shifts by the government, reminiscent of a similar formation three weeks before the U.S. election on Nov. 8 when opinion polls overwhelmingly predicted a Hillary Clinton win. S&P 500 Index Term StructureThe term structure, or the curve that captures the difference in implied volatilities with differing maturities, had developed a kink toward the end of October as uncertainty over the election increased after the Federal Bureau of Investigation reopened its investigation into Clinton’s use of private e-mail.
Front-month volatilities should be higher given the uncertainty regarding Trump’s policies and the time frame for their implementation. But investors seem to be in a wait and see mode to avoid theta, or a decline in the value of options due to the passage of time.Assessment of policy changes by Trump’s team, which prompted a sharp rotation within the S&P 500 index, had pushed one-month implied correlation to an all-time low and increased investors’ potential to generate alpha. The rotation was led broadly by cyclicals and particularly by financial stocks.For now, implied volatilities in stocks stay contained as realized volatilities remain low, with the S&P 500 Index not far from its all-time high. The one-month implied volatility is about 9.2, near record lows seen in 2014, while the 30-day realized volatility is 6.5.Meanwhile, rates volatility remains high relative to that of equity volatility amid elevated expectations of fiscal stimulus and medium-term risks around the Fed’s policy path.The ratio between the Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility Index, or the VIX, and the Merrill Lynch Option Volatility Estimate, or the MOVE Index, is lingering near the levels seen at the height of the “taper tantrum” in 2013 when fears of a reduction in quantitative easing boosted bond volatility.S&P 500 1-week straddles are currently priced at 0.88 percent with breakeven S&P 500 levels between about 2,283 and 2,244. SPX 1-month and 3-month normalized skews, the difference between 25-delta puts and calls divided by 50-delta implied volatility, have moved higher.SPX 1-month 25-delta puts have fallen to about 12 vol while calls are trading at about 8 vol.Concerns about potential volatility spikes may bring convexity options into focus that tend to outperform in aggressive selloffs that accelerate VIX gains due to the asymmetry of equity volatility.NOTE: Tanvir Sandhu is an interest-rate and derivatives strategist who writes for Bloomberg. The observations he makes are his own and are not intended as investment advice. | [
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Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey, Available Online, Sheds, Arizona, Available Online, Maul, David, American Memory | Library of Congress
Results: 1-1 of 1 | Refined by: Part of: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey Remove Available Online Remove Subject: Sheds Remove Location: Arizona Remove Access Condition: Available Online Remove Contributor: Maul, David Remove Part of: American Memory Remove | [
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Walter D. Broadnax: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg
Walter D. Broadnax Trustee,CNA CorporationAgeTotal Calculated CompensationThis person is connected to 139 board members in 2 different organizations across 0 different industries.See Board Relationships----
Mr. Walter D. Broadnax served as President of Clark Atlanta University (CAU) from August 2002 to July 31, 2008. Dr. Broadnax has more than 35 years experience. Previously, he served as Chief Operating Officer and Deputy Secretary of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and also served as a Special Advisor on management issues to Vice President. Dr. Broadnax served in senior- and executive-level positions in both public service (at local, state, and federal levels) ... and academia. Prior to Clark Atlanta University, he served as Dean of the School of Public Affairs at American University in Washington, D.C. He served as Professor of public policy and management in the School of Public Affairs at the University of Maryland, where he also directed the Bureau of Governmental Research. His other academic experience includes a lectureship in public policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, where he also served as the Founding Director of the Innovations in State and Local Government Program. In state government, Dr. Broadnax served as President of the New York Civil Service Commission and as Director of Children, Youth and Adult Services for the State of Kansas. He served Professional Consultancy and Leadership Roles spanning the spectrum of public policy and government affairs. Dr. Broadnax serves as a Director of the Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. He serves as a Life Trustee of Syracuse University and the CNA Analysis & Solutions. He serves on the Advisory Board of Harvard University's Taubman Center. He served as a Member of the President's Management Council. He served as Trustee Emeritus of Georgia Research Alliance Inc. He served as Trustee of Georgia Research Alliance Inc. He served on the Advisory Board of the United States Comptroller General David Walker's Advisory Board, the Return To Flight (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Taskforce, National Academy of Public Administration and Research Advisory Council of the Southern Regional Council. His recent awards include the George Arents Pioneer Medal from Syracuse University; the Trailblazer Award from the Conference of Minority Public Administrators; and the National Public Service Award presented jointly by the American Society for Public Administration, of which he is former president, and the National Academy of Public Administration, where he is a Fellow. Dr. Broadnax received his B.A. degree from Washburn University and M.P.A. degree from the University of Kansas. He has Ph.D. degree is from the Maxwell School at Syracuse University.Read Full Background
Life TrusteeSyracuse UniversityTrusteeCNA Corporation | [
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P. 1BMW Frankfurt Marathon 2013BMW Frankfurt Marathon 2013Ratings: (0)|Views: 989
|Likes: 0Published by Alberto StrettiCourse MapCourse MapMore info:Published by: Alberto Stretti on Oct 25, 2013Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.download as PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee moreSee lesshttp://www.scribd.com/doc/179000194/BMW-Frankfurt-Marathon-201310/26/2013pdftextoriginal Activity (1)FiltersAdd to collectionReview Add NoteLikeShowingAllMost RecentReviewsAll NotesLikesYou've already reviewed this. Edit your review.Rating 0/5Post notePost reviewPost replyPost note and likeLoad more
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We are waiting and waiting and waiting. During the day, as we wait, there are occasional "starts" — when we all run into courtroom. Monday there was "something" (I can't figure it out since whatever preceded the judge's decision to suddenly reinstruct the jury was done in his chambers) and there was also a note asking for exhibits. | [
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The best available hotels & places to stay near Engraviès, France
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Camping des vignes is set in Dun, 36 km from Ax-les-Thermes. Foix is 16 km away. Free private parking is available on site. All units feature a seating area.
Set in Tourtrol, this semi-detached holiday home features a garden with a seasonal outdoor pool and a barbecue. It provides free private parking. Free WiFi is offered .
Set in Tourtrol, 48 km from Carcassonne, Chambres d'hôtes La Luciole features an outdoor pool, seasonal outdoor pool and barbecue. Free WiFi is featured and free private parking is available on site.
Situated in Teilhet, this holiday home features free WiFi and a terrace. You can fire up the barbecue for a tasty meal and enjoy the garden in fair weather.
Featuring free WiFi and a restaurant, Cafe Vals offers pet-friendly accommodation in Vals, 50 km from Carcassonne. Guests can enjoy the on-site bar.
loft At Besset This property has agreed to be part of our Preferred Property programme which groups together properties that stand out thanks to their excellent service and quality/price ratio with competitive prices. Participation in the programme requires meeting a specific set of criteria and takes into account feedback from previous guests. This property has agreed to be part of our Preferred Property programme which groups together properties that stand out thanks to their excellent service and quality/price ratio with competitive prices. Participation in the programme requires meeting a specific set of criteria and takes into account feedback from previous guests.
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In and around Engraviès
Carcassonne 31.2 miles away
Ax-les-Thermes 22.5 miles away
Mirepoix 5.9 miles away
Dun 1.3 miles away
Tourtrol 2.1 miles away
Tabre 5.5 miles away
Teilhet 2.9 miles away
Ventenac 3.3 miles away
Besset 4 miles away
Limbrassac 4.1 miles away
Vals 4.3 miles away
Sautel 5.3 miles away
Carcassonne Airport (CCF) 29.4 miles
Castres-Mazamet Airport (DCM) 44.0 miles
Toulouse-Blagnac Airport (TLS) 45.6 miles
Perpignan - Rivesaltes Airport (PGF) 59.0 miles
Hotels in Engraviès
319628,304250,309415,313724,317350,319886,317797,313681,317892,318941,320250,305044,310711,269862,288995,317494,312851,308239,319095,297989,263851,314078,319200,317368,321287,305026,312306,320949,298203,276486,317738,318014|1,276088,318809,316581,305044|6,314682,317940,319308,318968,275824,320567,315034,321075,318828,314380,321200,308921,305044|1,314838,321281,314917,307031,321463,313937 | [
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Peter Kroll: Articles: Digital Photography Review
Peter Kroll has not written any articles.
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Cabin Plans Free | eBay Please enable JavaScript Our new search experience requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please enable JavaScript on your browser, then try again.
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of 17resultsAdd a New CollectionOops! There was a problem saving the new custom collection.Please try again.Collection Name cannot be emptyUpload a Photo(optional)Remaining Characters: 100Remaining Characters: 500CancelSaveMap ViewFeatured Department Storesin Atlanta, GeorgiaStephNCo.comServing the Atlanta area.(979) 248-7161Shop With ConfidenceWebsiteMore InfoDidn't find what you were looking for?magnifying glassPlease help others by helping us do better.Suggest a BusinessAboutAbout UsSite FeedbackContact UsAdvertise with UsCareers - We're HiringCorporate BlogEngineering BlogLegal | [
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Amazon.com: Inside the White Cube: The Ideology of the Gallery Space (9780520220409): Brian O'Doherty, Thomas McEvilley: Books
Read instantly in your browser Inside the White Cube: The Ideology of the Gallery Space
(Author), Thomas McEvilley (Introduction)
978-0520220409
$18.78 - $28.40
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Inside the White Cube: Th...
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When these essays first appeared in Artforum in 1976, their impact was immediate. They were discussed, annotated, cited, collected, and translated—the three issues of Artforum in which they appeared have become nearly impossible to obtain. Having Brian O'Doherty's provocative essays available again is a signal event for the art world. This edition also includes "The Gallery as Gesture," a critically important piece published ten years after the others. O'Doherty was the first to explicitly confront a particular crisis in postwar art as he sought to examine the assumptions on which the modern commercial and museum gallery was based. Concerned with the complex and sophisticated relationship between economics, social context, and aesthetics as represented in the contested space of the art gallery, he raises the question of how artists must construe their work in relation to the gallery space and system. These essays are essential reading for anyone interested in the history and issues of postwar art in Europe and the United States. Teeming with ideas, relentless in their pursuit of contradiction and paradox, they exhibit both the understanding of the artist (Patrick Ireland) and the precision of the scholar. With an introduction by Thomas McEvilley and a brilliantly cogent afterword by its author, Brian O'Doherty once again leads us on the perilous journey to center to the art world: Inside the White Cube.
Buy the selected items togetherThis item:Inside the White Cube: The Ideology of the Gallery Space by Brian O'Doherty Paperback $28.40 In Stock.Ships from and sold by Amazon.com.FREE Shipping on orders over $35. DetailsDisplaying the Marvelous: Marcel Duchamp, Salvador Dali, and Surrealist Exhibition Installations by Lewis Kachur Paperback $19.93 In Stock.Ships from and sold by Amazon.com.FREE Shipping on orders over $35. Details
"These famous essays are as fresh and stimulating today as when they jumped off the pages of Artforum. Those who have not read Brian O'Doherty will relish his poetically phrased, elegantly written, and ironically tempered taunt to so many received notions about twentieth-century mainstream art."—Jan van der Marck, author of Arman "Inside the White Cube is a brilliant analysis of the sociological, economic, and aesthetic context within which we experience art. O'Doherty examines the critical relationships of context to content and with wit and irony exposes the myth of neutrality of the gallery or museum space. These essays mark a turning point in artistic perception."—Barbara Rose "Brian O'Doherty's Inside the White Cube has remained one of the most influential and oft-quoted statements of its time. With cogent critical analysis and shrewd wit, O'Doherty investigates how the gallery space, sequestering the spectator within an apparently timeless realm and before the pretense of the enshrined object, insidiously governs the viewer's consciousness, perception, and emotional response."—Howard N. Fox
Publisher: University of California Press; Expanded edition (January 14, 2000)
Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #158,474 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
5.0 out of 5 starsWorth Reading Inside the White Cube
This book is a fascinating analysis of how the World of Art changed with the introduction of the gallery space. It examines the reaction of artists to the confines, both physical and psychological, of the gallery.I highly recommend this book for any student of art, or artist who wants to broaden their frame of reference with regards to art history and the current trajectory of contemporary art.
5.0 out of 5 starsGreat book - Explain the White Space of Art Galery ...
Great book - Explain the White Space of Art Galery and how Spacial analysis of Artistic placement change perceived perception of Art.College read love it.
Book was as pictured. Is a gift for my art student daughter. She loved it and was excited to show me what she is learning about thru this book.hreat for the serious student.
5.0 out of 5 starsThis book is amazing and a must read book for Art lovers
My P.O.V.(as a french artist and researcher) about this book is :This book is amazing and a must read book for Art lovers, Art critics and Art collectorsIt can be related to the anthropological works of Melville J. HERSKOVITSBrian O'Doherty is a conceptual artist.I think this book will become a collectors item in twenty years as a work of art
Had to buy it for a class rarely used it not fully impressed
This item: Inside the White Cube: The Ideology of the Gallery Space | [
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Global Microcars Market to Grow at a CAGR of 2.69% by 2021 - OEMs Launching Microcars with Inflated
Global Microcars Market to Grow at a CAGR of 2.69% by 2021 - OEMs Launching Microcars with Inflated Engine Capacity & Features - Research and Markets
May 30, 2017, 07:40 ET
Research and Markets has announced the addition of the "Global Microcars Market 2017-2021" report to their offering.
The global microcars market to grow at a CAGR of 2.69% during the period 2017-2021.
This report, Global Microcars Market 2017-2021, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. The report covers the market landscape and its growth prospects over the coming years. The report also includes a discussion of the key vendors operating in this market.
The latest trend gaining momentum in the market is OEMs launching microcars with inflated engine capacity and features. OEMs are increasingly adding advanced features to microcars for negating the perception of microcars being labelled as cheap cars with an intention to sell them exclusively in the emerging countries. Also, OEMs are moving their focus from markets like China and India to countries like Thailand, Russia, Europe, and Brazil to increase their global market esence. For instance, General Motors postponed the launch of its compact vehicles that targeted the Indian and Chinese markets due to the underperformance of their compact car segments in these markets.
According to the report, one of the major drivers for this market is increased eference for affordable economic cars in APAC. Automotive markets in APAC have always been cost sensitive due to constrained spending habits, the lack of awareness regarding financial methods, and economic backwardness. Hence, the penetration of passenger cars is less in APAC compared to the Americas and Europe. Customers in APAC efer to buy small cars as they are affordable and economical to maintain. Moreover, the perception of achieving higher social acceptance by owning a car in China and India is expected to drive the sales of small cars that fit within the constrained budgets of the customers.
For more information about this report visit http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/2jv89r/global_microcars
To view the original version on PR Newswire, visit:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-microcars-market-to-grow-at-a-cagr-of-269-by-2021---oems-launching-microcars-with-inflated-engine-capacity--features---research-and-markets-300464732.html
07:00 ET Quantum Networking Markets, 2026 - China Leads, European... | [
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StakesKing's - ESPN Video - ESPN
StakesKing's
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Capo Bastone takes the Grade 1, $500,000 Foxwoods King's Bishop Stakes at Saratoga on August 24, 2013.Tags: HorseRacing | [
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Vans Classic Slip on All Black Canvas New in Box Various Youth Size'S | eBay Skip to main contenteBayShop bycategoryEnter your search keywordAll Categories Advanced or register':'>Hi, #USER#!'.replace(/#USER#/,a))+"")} catch(b){ document.write("") }})();Hi, (Sign in to bid or buy)Daily DealsSellCustomer SupportMy eBayExpand My eBayNotifications
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Cladistics: Theory and Practice of Parsimony Analysis: The Theory and Practice of Parsimony Analysis (Systematics Association Special Volumes): Amazon.co.uk: Ian J. Kitching, Peter L. Forey, Christopher J. Humphries, David Williams: 9780198501381: Books
Cladistics: Theory and Practice of Parsimony Analysis: The Theory and Practice of Parsimony Analysis (Systematics Association Special Volumes)
› Visit Amazon's Ian J. Kitching Page
(Author), Peter L. Forey (Author), Christopher J. Humphries (Author), David Williams (Author)
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Cladistics aims to reconstruct genealogies based on common ancestry, thus revealing the phylogenetic relationships between taxa. Its applications vary from linguistic analysis to the study of conservation and biodiversity, and it has become a method of choice for comparative studies in all fields of biiology. This new edition of Cladistics - first published in 1992 - reflects the many changes and developments which have taken place in the field over the last five years, while retaining the clarity and readability that made the first edition so successful. For all students interested in the systematic relationships among organisms, this book provides a state-of-the-art account of the techniques and methods of modern cladistics, and how to put them into practice.
Randall T. SchuhHardcover£45.95 Amazon Prime
Publisher: OUP Oxford; 2 edition (9 July 1998)
ISBN-13: 978-0198501381
Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 734,861 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
"Cladistics is defined in this work as a 'method of systematic classification that aims to reconstruct genealogies based on common ancestry, thus revealing the phylogenetic relationships between taxa'. Cladistics is the method of choice for comparative studies in the construction of cladograms and consensus trees. Three-item statements, another method of representing relationships, is also discussed. The text will be of interest to students, teachers, and researchers. Cladograms and consensus tree supplement the text."--Biological Abstracts/RRM(r)"The last several years have yielded developments on all fronts in cladistic analysis--from how we view characters to tree building methods to interpretations of patterns. Hence, an update of this book that pulls together these advancements is most welcome. While the first edition was essentially a collection of course notes on various topics relevant to cladistics, the second edition is quite different. The scope has been narrowed and refocused, and the new book is one-fifth longer than the original. . . . New topics covered include tree support, combination of data sets, and the still controversial three-taxon analysis method. . . . There are also summaries of the key points in each chapter, a list of recommended references, a glossary, and an appendix of relevant computer software. . . . [Useful] as an upper level textbook or a concise reference for those involved with parsimony analyses."--The Quarterly Review of Biology
Cladistics: Theory and Practice of Parsimony Analysis: The Theory and Practice of Parsimony Analysis (Systematics Association
HASH(0x8b1e1348) out of 5 stars
3 of 6 people found the following review helpfulHASH(0x8b57a03c) out of 5 stars
Clear and well organized intro/overview to a complex subj
The exposition is clear. The topic has a number of tricky words (hard to pronounce and subtly distinct) but the authors are careful to be precise. Figures are used to advantage to demonstrate concepts. | [
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Starting a House Church: A New Model for Living Out Your Faith: Larry Kreider, Floyd McClung: 9780830743650 - Christianbook.com
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Abyssus Abyssum Invocat by Behemoth | 39841492729 | CD | Barnes & Noble
This two-CD set gathers a pair of out of print EPs by Polish death metal band Behemoth -- 2004's Conjuration, originally issued on Regain Records, and 2006's Slaves Shall Serve, originally released by the now-shuttered Century Media sublabel Olympic -- and adds three bonus tracks to the former and two to the latter, all live.…
This two-CD set gathers a pair of out of print EPs by Polish death metal band Behemoth -- 2004's Conjuration, originally issued on Regain Records, and 2006's Slaves Shall Serve, originally released by the now-shuttered Century Media sublabel Olympic -- and adds three bonus tracks to the former and two to the latter, all live. The EPs were basically CD maxi-singles, offering the title track plus a bunch of covers and live material. The covers are quite interesting; the first disc (originally Conjuration) includes versions of Nine Inch Nails' "Wish" and Venom's "Welcome to Hell," while the second (originally Slaves Shall Serve) offers Behemoth's takes on Fields of the Nephilim's "Penetration" and Danzig's "Until You Call on the Dark." These aren't even the most unexpected covers the band has ever done, of course; 2001's Antichristian Phenomenon EP included a take on David Bowie's "Hello Spaceboy"! Sometimes these songs are death metal-ized, but not always; the Danzig song is a slow crawl that preserves the original's bluesy swagger, and even finds vocalist Nergal singing in a relatively clean voice on the chorus. This is a surprise, because Nergal is highly regarded in death metal for his unique voice, which sounds like a cross between a human being and a blast furnace. The live tracks are excellent, well recorded, and powerful, and they demonstrate Behemoth's ability to write crushing death metal songs that retain basic melodic structure and a surprising amount of dynamics. The band shifts from headlong blasting to a slow, powerful chug like a bulldozer trying to climb out of a sand pit. This set will definitely make fans happy, and might even serve as a decent introduction to Behemoth, driving listeners to their more recent albums.
Inferno Percussion,Drums,Group Member
Nergal Guitar,Rhythm Guitar,Vocals,Group Member
Seth Guitar,Rhythm Guitar
Havok Guitar,Rhythm Guitar,Group Member
Novy Bass Guitar
Carl McCoy Composer
GRAAL Cover Design,Layout
Inferno Composer
Piotr Lukaszewski Engineer
Rippin Composer
Paul Conroy Management
Krzysztof Azarewicz Composer,Liner Notes
Tomas Krajewski Composer
Havok Composer | [
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UploadSign inJoinBooksAudiobooksComicsSheet MusicScribd Selects BooksHand-picked favorites from our editorsScribd Selects AudiobooksHand-picked favorites from our editorsScribd Selects ComicsHand-picked favorites from our editorsScribd Selects Sheet MusicHand-picked favorites from our editorsTop BooksWhat's trending, bestsellers, award-winners & moreTop AudiobooksWhat's trending, bestsellers, award-winners & moreTop ComicsWhat's trending, bestsellers, award-winners & moreTop Sheet MusicWhat's trending, bestsellers, award-winners & moreCategoriesArts & IdeasBiography & MemoirBusiness & LeadershipChildren'sComputers & TechnologyCooking & FoodCrafts & HobbiesFantasyFiction & LiteratureHappiness & Self-HelpHealth & WellnessHistoryHome & GardenHumorLGBTMystery, Thriller & CrimePolitics & EconomyReferenceReligionRomanceScience & NatureScience FictionSociety & CultureSports & AdventureTravelYoung AdultCategoriesArts & IdeasBiography & MemoirBusiness & LeadershipChildren'sComputers & TechnologyCooking & FoodFantasyFiction & LiteratureHappiness & Self-HelpHealth & WellnessHistoryHome & GardenHumorLGBTMystery, Thriller & CrimePolitics & EconomyReferenceReligionRomanceScience & NatureScience FictionSociety & CultureSports & AdventureTravelYoung AdultCategoriesAdaptationsChildren’sCrime & MysteryFictionHumorMangaNonfictionRomanceSciFi, Fantasy & HorrorSuperheroesYoung AdultPublishersArcanaArchie ComicsBOOM! StudiosDynamiteIDW PublishingKingstone ComicsMarvel ComicsSpace Goat ProductionsTop Cow ComicsTop Shelf ProductionsValiant Comics ZenescopeDifficultyBeginnerIntermediateAdvancedMixedInstrumentBrassDrums & PercussionGuitar, Bass, and FrettedPianoStringsVocalWoodwindsGenreClassicalCountryFolkJazz & BluesMovies & MusicalsPop & RockReligious & HolidayStandardsP. 1Weekly Market Commentary 4/29/2013Weekly Market Commentary 4/29/2013|Views: 3|Likes: 0Published by monarchadvisorygroupWeekly Market Commentary 4/29/2013Weekly Market Commentary 4/29/2013More info:Categories:Types, Business/LawPublished by: monarchadvisorygroup on Apr 30, 2013Copyright:Attribution Non-commercialAvailability:Read on Scribd mobile: iPhone, iPad and Android.download as PDF, TXT or read online from ScribdFlag for inappropriate content|Add to collectionSee moreSee lesshttps://www.scribd.com/doc/138716292/Weekly-Market-Commentary-4-29-201308/25/2013pdftextoriginalLP L FINANCIAL R E S E AR C HWeekly Market Commentary
There are certain things we have gotten used to counting on each spring: the season changes and the weather warms, baseball games bring fans to the stadiums, the economy weakens, and investors “sell in May and go away.” The old Wall Street adage “sell in May and go away” refers to the seasonal tendency of stocks’ performance to weaken in the spring until the fall. In recent years, this spring slide in the stock market was driven by the arrival of a spring soft spot in the economy. This soft spot has emerged again — for the fourth year in a row. Will the stock market react as it has in the past? We think so. The selling effect actually began in April of each of the past three years rather than waiting until May. In early 2010, 2011, and 2012, run-ups in the stock market, similar to this year, pushed stocks up about 10% for the year as April began. Specifically, on April 23, 2010, April 29, 2011, and April 2, 2012, the S&P 500 made peaks that were followed by 10 – 19% losses that were not recouped for more than five months. In the United States, the first quarter of this year presented a modest bounce back from the fourth quarter’s flat economic performance. However, the emerging trend in economic data both here and abroad suggests that the economy may once again be entering a soft spot as it did in the spring of each of the last three years: Employment – Job growth in March was very disappointing. This week’s April employment report may show that even for those with jobs, hours worked are shrinking in response to the sequester. Manufacturing – Durable goods orders were weaker than expected in March 2013. The Institute for Supply Management (ISM) Manufacturing Index for March 2013 dropped to its lowest level since December 2012, and the flash report for April 2013 came in below expectations. Retail sales – Retail sales fell in March 2013 and continue to decelerate on a year-over-year basis. Foreign demand – The Eurozone recession is now well over a year old and is deepening and infecting the core northern countries like Germany and France. China’s recent gross domestic product (GDP) for the first quarter of 2013 came in below expectations, as the pace of growth slowed from the fourth quarter of 2012, despite concerns of an overheated property market. Corporate earnings – The earnings reporting season for the first quarter of 2013 has revealed that S&P 500 companies are mildly exceeding low estimates of 1 – 2% earnings per share growth through austerity (cost
In recent years, the spring slide in the stock market was driven by the arrival of a spring soft spot in the economy. This soft spot has emerged again — for the fourth year in a row. The bond and commodity markets have already responded negatively. Will the stock market also react as it has in the past?
1 Another Soft Spot Emerging
Citigroup Economic Surprise Index for Major Economies 100
Drivers of 2011 soft spot : The Japan earthquake and nuclear disaster that disrupted global supply chains, the Arab Spring erupted pushing up oil prices, the budget debacle and related downgrade of U.S. Treasuries, rising inflation, and central bank rate hikes. Drivers of 2013 soft spot : In 2013, the headwinds of the January tax increases and the March sequester, the deepening Eurozone recession and Cyprus bailout, and geopolitical threats posed by North Korea and potential for U.S. military involvement in Syria.
S&P 500 fell 19.4% (4/29/11 – 10/3/11)
Drivers of 2010 soft spot : Uncertainty around the impact of the Dodd-Frank legislation, the Eurozone debt problems and bailouts, central bank rate hikes, and the end of the homebuyer tax credit. S&P 500 fell 16% (4/23/10 – 7/2/10) Drivers of 2012 soft spot : The Eurozone debt problems coming to a head, China’s slowdown, the European recession, the election uncertainty, and anticipation of the 2013 budget bombshell of tax hikes and spending cuts. S&P 500 fell 9.9% (4/2/12 – 6/1/12)
-100 2010
Source: LPL Financial. Bloomberg data 04/29/13 The Citigroup Economic Surprise Index is an unmanaged index, which cannot be invested into directly. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.
A month ago, we provided our list of the 10 indicators that seemed to precede the 10 – 19% stock market declines in 2010, 2011, and 2012. An update of these indicators reveal mixed signs of a potential spring slide in the stock market this year, suggesting the potential for a decline that may not be as severe as the 10 – 19% experienced in each of the past three years. Fed stimulus Energy prices Initial jobless claims Inflation expectations Yield curve LPL Financial Current Conditions Index Economic surprises Consumer confidence Earnings revisions The VIX
cutting), not with growth. Most companies are missing revenue growth expectations of just 1% year over year. A good way to see this spring spot soft is by taking a look at the Citigroup Economic Surprise Index [Figure 1], which measures how economic data fares compared with economists’ expectations and has marked the spring peaks in both economic and market momentum in recent years. The developing soft spot again suggests expectations may have become too high. The big swings in this index typically have either led or coincided with major moves in the stock market. While there are many similarities to the past few years’ soft spots, as you can see in Figure 1, a difference that we noted in our spring slide indicators we published a month ago in the Weekly Market Commentary: 10 Indicators to Watch for a Spring Slide in the Stock Market, is that in 2010, 2011, and 2012, the soft spot materialized near the end of the Federal Reserve’s (Fed) bond-buying programs: QE1, QE2, and Operation Twist. These Fed programs were later brought back or extended and the economy began to improve. This year, however, the current quantitative easing (QE) program is not expected to taper off until late this year at the earliest. While we note with a green flag that this is a positive for the economy and markets compared with prior years, a caveat is that the economy is slowing down even while QE continues unabated. If the market is looking for a boost to
LPL Financial Member FINRA/SIPC W E E KLY MARKE T CO MME N TAR Y
the pace of bond purchases, it may be disappointed. While not impossible, it would be very difficult for the Fed to expand QE beyond the current pace. The bond market has reflected the soft spot with a decline in yields that began in mid-March 2013, with the yield on the 10-year Treasury having fallen from 2.06% to 1.66%. The commodities market, as measured by the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) as of 4/29/13, has also reacted to the slower growth trajectory with a sharp decline in prices, with copper down 8% and oil down 9% since March 27, 2013. Next, we will be watching closely if stocks join the other market and succumb to the soft spot as they have in the past. n
IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES The opinions voiced in this material are for general information only and are not intended to provide specific advice or recommendations for any individual. To determine which investment(s) may be appropriate for you, consult your financial advisor prior to investing. All performance reference is historical and is no guarantee of future results. All indices are unmanaged and cannot be invested into directly. The economic forecasts set forth in the presentation may not develop as predicted and there can be no guarantee that strategies promoted will be successful. International and emerging markets investing involves special risks, such as currency fluctuation and political instability, and may not be suitable for all investors. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period, though GDP is usually calculated on an annual basis. It includes all of private and public consumption, government outlays, investments and exports less imports that occur within a defined territory. Quantitative easing is a government monetary policy occasionally used to increase the money supply by buying government securities or other securities from the market. Quantitative easing increases the money supply by flooding financial institutions with capital in an effort to promote increased lending and liquidity. Operation Twist is the name given to a Federal Reserve monetary policy operation that involves the purchase and sale of bonds. “Operation Twist” describes a monetary process where the Fed buys and sells short-term and long-term bonds depending on their objective. The VIX is a measure of the volatility implied in the prices of options contracts for the S&P 500. It is a market-based estimate of future volatility. When sentiment reaches one extreme or the other, the market typically reverses course. While this is not necessarily predictive it does measure the current degree of fear present in the stock market. INDEX DESCRIPTIONS All indices are unmanaged, and cannot be invested into directly. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Citigroup Economic Surprise Index (CESI) measures the variation in the gap between the expectations and the real economic data. The Institute for Supply Management (ISM) index is based on surveys of more than 300 manufacturing firms by the Institute of Supply Management. The ISM Manufacturing Index monitors employment, production inventories, new orders, and supplier deliveries. A composite diffusion index is created that monitors conditions in national manufacturing based on the data from these surveys. The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index is a capitalization-weighted index of 500 stocks designed to measure performance of the broad domestic economy through changes in the aggregate market value of 500 stocks representing all major industries.
Member FINRA/SIPC Page 3 of 3 RES 4158 0413 Tracking #1-162907 (Exp. 04/14)
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The North of God by Steve Stern, Paperback | Barnes & Noble
Here in a place dedicated to the manufacture of fear—a place that one ghoul of a Rebbe declared was located to the North of God, where his jurisdicition no longer held sway—Velvl found himself developing a certain resistance.Through numerous books and stories, Steve Stern has become known for his fantastical (and often wildly comic) stories based
Here in a place dedicated to the manufacture of fear—a place that one ghoul of a Rebbe declared was located to the North of God, where his jurisdicition no longer held sway—Velvl found himself developing a certain resistance.Through numerous books and stories, Steve Stern has become known for his fantastical (and often wildly comic) stories based on yiddish folklore—Harold Bloom has called him "a throwback to the Yiddish sublime." But with this novella, Stern matches his reverential understanding of that ancient story-telling's power against something he's never written about before: the Holocaust.The result is a mesmerizing tour-de-force: In a boxcar crammed with Jews headed to a concentration camp, one man attempts to summon up a story vital enough to displace the horror.The story that comes out is ultimately a swirling, sweeping saga about the stirring obstinacy of the human spirit. And by confronting the ultimate horror with the mythology he has long celebrated, it may also be the crowning achievement of Stern's career.The Contemporary Art of the Novella series is designed to highlight work by major authors from around the world. In most instances, as with Imre Kertész, it showcases work never before published; in others, books are reprised that should never have gone out of print. It is intended that the series feature many well-known authors and some exciting new discoveries. And as with the original series, The Art of the Novella, each book is a beautifully packaged and inexpensive volume meant to celebrate the form and its practitioners.
Praise for Steve Stern's North of God"The novella — that form of fiction pitched somewhere between the limits of a short story and the roominess of a novel — isn't so hard to find so long as you know where to look..." —The Memphis Flyer "Steve Stern’s novella is destined to become a Jewish-American classic. It’s that good." —Sanford Pinsker, Jbooks Praise for Steve Stern.... “I am a zealous admirer of his one-of-a-kind imagination and magical sentences.”—Cynthia Ozick "To be a true inheritor of a tradition carries with it the responsibility of expanding that tradition and keeping it vital. … Steve Stern does both. Only a writer with a deep reverence for and a connection with the ancient story-telling power of his rich folkloric sources could concoct the often irreverently comic twists that distinguish these genuinely marvelous – and always vital – stories.”—Stuart Dybek “Steve Stern’s The Angel of Forgetfulness carries me back to Chaim Grade and Moshe Ben Halpern, glories of Yiddish-American literature in my far-off youth. Alternating between outrageousness and wonder, Stern composes with verve and nerve. He is a throwback to the Yiddish sublime.” —Harold Bloom "Touching, funny and dizzying as well as delicate in its virtuosity."—Michael Dirda, The Washington Post "Stern has tapped a direct bloodline, creating an important work of deep themes, soaring language and serious implications that is also unceasingly entertaining." —Alana Newhouse, The Los Angeles Times "These seven stories, written with great brio, portray zany Jewish family life ever so slightly haunted by demons. Steve Stern may be a late practitioner of the genre [of Yiddish folklore] but he is an expert one. Whiplash sentences, lots of energy and charm."—Susan Sontag | [
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10 Best Nurri Vacation Rentals, Apartments (with Prices) | TripAdvisor - Book Vacation Rentals in Nurri, Italy
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Vacation Rentals Europe Italy Sardinia Province of Cagliari Vacation Rentals in Nurri, Italy
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1 / 5(3)Very goodVillanovaforru Country+ SeaVillanovaforru, Italy2 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 4 Quick View Z2NZXzRfTVhmother travelers have booked this property Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details Secure ParkingSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedWonderful location to discover SardiniaReviewed September 8, 2014We visited Sardinia for 2 weeks with our 16 month old daughter. The house had plenty of room: a large living room with kitchen, a bedroom with 2 single beds where our daughter...Perfect base for exploring Sardinia!Reviewed October 26, 2013A comfortable apartment, perfect for a small family, in a very friendly village. The beds are very comfortable, and you'll quickly feel at home, and regret having to leave...See all reviews About this property Villanovaforru is a nice little country village surrounded by a beautiful landscape , near to a famous " Nuraghe" archeological area and ony 30 /40 minutes far form the famous Costa Verde (Torre dei Corsari, Pistis, Piscinas famous beaches ) and Oristano beaches (Tharros, Is Arrutas...View all property information Location Information 09020, Villanovaforru, Province of Medio CampidanoCondo/Apartment - 2 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 4Make Inquiry 1 / 27(2)ExcellentA COZY VACATION HOUSE SURROUNDED BY NATURAL BEAUTILanusei, Italy3 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 6 Quick View bVhIXzFfQ2Vvother traveler has booked this property Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details Mountain ViewsChildren's PoolBalconyWaterfrontWi-FiGrillSatellite TVWasherSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property A lovely vacation home situated at 16 km from the beautiful beaches of Cardedu. In this large Mediterranean property, the owner Mario built a soccer field near his house, This is only meant for personal use, not for outsider persons. A place where your children could rampage go.
In this own large...View all property information Location Information 08045, Lanusei, Province of OgliastraRental Home - 3 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 6Make Inquiry 1 / 10Affittasi appartamento al centro di LanuseiLanusei, Italy2 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 4 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details Air ConditioningWasherTerraceBalconySuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property View all property information Location Information 08045, Lanusei, Province of OgliastraCondo/Apartment - 2 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 4Make Inquiry 1 / 12(3)Very goodB&B AndreBykeGergei1 Bedroom, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6 Quick View YVNWXzFfeXFvother traveler has booked this property Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details Air ConditioningParkingMountain ViewsGrillWasherPatioBalconyWi-FiSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedExcellent !!! best deal in the area , helpful staffReviewed March 18, 2017I spent 2 nights in andreabyke b&b and enjoyed every moment. The room is nice the view is great, the shower is amazing and it is very peaceful!! Also internet connection runs...See all reviews About this property View all property information Location Information 08030, Gergei, Province of CagliariPrivate Room - 1 Bedroom, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6Make Inquiry 1 / 28(1)ExcellentAlba rosa niususu 75 mqLanusei, Italy2 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details ParkingMountain ViewsOcean ViewsWasherCentral HeatingBalconyTerraceSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property View all property information Location Information 08045, Lanusei, Province of OgliastraCondo/Apartment - 2 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6Make Inquiry 1 / 30(3)ExcellentLanusei, Domus Gudrun.Lanusei, Italy3 Bedrooms, 4 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6 Quick View WkxFXzJfQkIxother travelers have booked this property Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details BalconyPorchAir ConditioningGrillMountain ViewsPatioWasherSatellite TVSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedLike holidays with friends!Reviewed April 27, 2017We only can join the previous speakers: We had a great week and would surely come again!It's a really spacious apartment with a large balcony and a fantastic view down to the...See all reviews About this property In Lanusei, a cozy vacation-home for six persons, with garden, porch and terraces, lain on the outskirts of the small town of Lanusei, with a beautiful view to the Corongiu Valley and the sea. Three large bedrooms each for two persons. Two bathrooms. A large living; a dining room; kichen. Central...View all property information Location Information 08045, Lanusei, Province of OgliastraCondo/Apartment - 3 Bedrooms, 4 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6Make Inquiry 1 / 13Lussuoso e centralissimo appartamento a Jerzu!Jerzu, Italy2 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 6 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details WasherSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property View all property information Location Information 08044, Jerzu, Province of OgliastraRental Home - 2 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 6Make Inquiry 1 / 22(1)ExcellentSPACIOUS APARTMENT FOR FOUR PERSONS, WITH GARDEN,Lanusei, Italy3 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 5 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details Wi-FiMountain ViewsAir ConditioningGrillWaterfrontWasherSatellite TVBalconySuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property This freestanding house lies outside the city of Lanusei.
Spacious apartment for four persons, with garden, porch and terraces, lain on the outskirts...View all property information Location Information 08045, Lanusei, Province of OgliastraRental Home - 3 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 5Make Inquiry 1 / 22(4)Very goodSardegna Best house holidays in SeuiSeui, Italy2 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 5 Quick View SW5NXzFfd2Jnother traveler has booked this property Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details GrillSatellite TVBalconyTerraceWasherMountain ViewsSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property View all property information Location Information 0782, Seui, Province of OgliastraRental Home - 2 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 5Make Inquiry 1 / 7AndrebykeGergei3 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 6 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details Satellite TVWi-FiPrivate YardParkingSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property Andrebyke dispone di 3 spaziose camere da letto ,ognuna con un murale a tema che va dalla primavera all'inverno. Conta inoltre con il noleggio di mountain bike 'cannondale' ed escursioni guidate nel territorio. Per gli appassionati di tennis si può giocare in un campo di erba sintetica. Esiste la...View all property information Location Information 08030, Gergei, Province of CagliariRental Home - 3 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 6Make Inquiry List your property for free! List your vacation rental where TripAdvisor travelers can find it. Add a Listing 1 / 13Villa in LanuseiLanusei, Italy3 Bedrooms, 3 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details GrillCentral HeatingPrivate Outdoor Pool (Unheated)Satellite TVWasherOcean ViewsInternet AccessDVD PlayerSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property Located in Lanusei, a town situated 700 m above see level. in a quiet location with a unique view of the Gulf of Tortoli which is only 20 minutes away by car. The house provides guests with all the comforts that inhabit including an outdoor pool. Recently built, it is characterized by modern design...View all property information Location Information 08045, Lanusei, Province of OgliastraRental Home - 3 Bedrooms, 3 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6Make Inquiry 1 / 24(4)ExcellentAritzo - Chalet Su Foxile con BBQ e piscinaAritzo, Italy2 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6 Quick View S0RFXzJfcDRwother travelers have booked this property Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details DVD PlayerParkingWasherGrillCentral HeatingChildren's PoolBalconyWi-FiSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedGreat place to stay in Barbaggia mountainsReviewed April 24, 2017A beautifully restored old country house with efficient automatic heating and a large veranda with dining room and kitchen with a good views of the valley. The host...Charming authentic mountain property with wonderful viewsReviewed July 16, 2016Su Foxille is an authentic property set in beautiful surroundings.The bedrooms and bathrooms were clean, spacious and well equipped.Although the rubber mattress cover was hot...See all reviews About this property View all property information Location Information 08031, Aritzo, Province of NuoroRental Home - 2 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6Make Inquiry 1 / 21Domus CannasLanusei, Italy2 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 3 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details GrillWasherPorchPatioBalconyMountain ViewsWaterfrontSecure ParkingSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property This apartment is located at the feet of the Selene Nature Reserve, a forested area. Situated on a short ride from the Gennargentu mountains.
Lanusei is like an amphitheater, dominating a big valley, the coast and the sea. Surrounded by a forest of oaks, but Also Enjoys a privileged location and...View all property information Location Information 08045, Lanusei, Province of OgliastraCondo/Apartment - 2 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 3Make Inquiry 1 / 12(1)Very goodPiccolo,romantico,confortevole in centro SardegnaAritzo, Italy1 Bedroom, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 3 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details Shared YardGrillMountain ViewsParkingSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property The holidays in the most beautiful mountains of Sardinia! Near Punta La Marmora, on top of the highest mountains "THE GENNARGENTU" The country Aritzo is a small village inhabited by 1500 people. The pristine environment and rich forest make Aritzo the ideal destination for those who want to hike...View all property information Location Information 08031, Aritzo, Province of NuoroCondo/Apartment - 1 Bedroom, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 3Make Inquiry 1 / 29(1)Very goodLanusei, Domus Cabiddu.Lanusei, Italy2 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 5 Quick View NzdvXzFfcHR4other traveler has booked this property Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details SaunaWi-FiSatellite TVWasherMountain ViewsGrillAir ConditioningBalconySuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property This freestanding house lies outside the city of Lanusei, as a result from which you are insured of all desired rest and privacy. A short drive will take you to the Cardedu beaches. From on the terrace you can enjoy a magnificent and breathtaking view to the Corongiu Valley and the sea. Ogliastra,...View all property information Location Information 08045, Lanusei, Province of OgliastraCondo/Apartment - 2 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 5Make Inquiry 1 / 12(1)Very goodPerfect apartament for happy daysAritzo, Italy1 Bedroom, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 3 Quick View a3cyXzFfU1Y2other traveler has booked this property Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details Satellite TVWi-FiPrivate YardSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property Perfect stays for happy days
L'appartamento che vi proponiamo è composto da una camera da letto, bagno , cucina attrezzata, barbecue esterno Il riscaldamento è garantito da una stufa a legna e dal impianto centralizzato. E' l'ideale per una coppia o famiglia che voglia trascorre una rilassante...View all property information Location Information 08031, Aritzo, Province of NuoroCondo/Apartment - 1 Bedroom, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 3Make Inquiry 1 / 13Il giardino di ValentinaEscolca3 Bedrooms, 6 Bathrooms, Sleeps 9 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details PatioTerraceParkingWasherWi-FiAir ConditioningBalconySuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property View all property information Location Information 08030, Escolca, Province of CagliariPrivate Room - 3 Bedrooms, 6 Bathrooms, Sleeps 9Make Inquiry 1 / 6(5)ExcellentB&B&B GelsominaSiddi, Italy1 Bedroom, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 2 Quick View ZDk4XzFfbndkother traveler has booked this property Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Suitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property The B&B&B Gelsomina is situated in a small village,Siddi, surrounded by hills, in south Sardinia 30 minutes far from the beautiful coast!The village is very lovable from where people can go to walk for visiting very important archeological settlements from nuragic period. In the village we have...View all property information Location Information 09020, Siddi, Province of Medio CampidanoPrivate Room - 1 Bedroom, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 2Make Inquiry 1 / 50(1)AverageTown House to Rent in Sardinia Ogliastra JerzuJerzu, Italy3 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6 Quick View RHZLXzFfSzVzother traveler has booked this property Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details BalconyTerraceWasherSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property An old style town house in the heart of Ogliastra in the mountain village of Jerzu, the “Città del Vino”,
Not much work on...View all property information Location Information 08044, Jerzu, Province of OgliastraRental Home - 3 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6Make Inquiry 1 / 12Alba rosa niususu 40 mqLanusei, Italy1 Bedroom, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 2 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details WasherParkingMountain ViewsSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property View all property information Location Information 08045, Lanusei, Province of OgliastraRental Home - 1 Bedroom, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 2Make Inquiry Get Nurri listings sent to you! Get the List Terms of Use | Privacy Policy 1 / 23villa ArrasLanusei, Italy3 Bedrooms, 3 Bathrooms, Sleeps 9 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details Air ConditioningWi-FiGrillOcean ViewsBalconyWasherMountain ViewsParkingSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property View all property information Location Information 08045, Lanusei, Province of OgliastraPrivate Room - 3 Bedrooms, 3 Bathrooms, Sleeps 9Make Inquiry 1 / 4GESTORESadali4 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 10 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details Air ConditioningWi-FiSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property View all property information Location Information 08030, Sadali, Province of CagliariRental Home - 4 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 10Make Inquiry 1 / 7Domu e Luna Bed & BreakfastLunamatrona, Italy3 Bedrooms, 3 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Suitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property Welcome to Domu e Luna, a lovely and comfortable Bed and Breakfast in a stylish villa strategically located in the middle of Sardinia with easy access to different beautiful locations of the island. Domu e Luna is quiet and central located in order to discover the most important archaeological...View all property information Location Information 09022, Lunamatrona, Province of Medio CampidanoPrivate Room - 3 Bedrooms, 3 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6Make Inquiry 1 / 13B&B/Casa Vacanze/Affittacamere Antico BorgoUlassai, Italy1 Bedroom, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 2 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details Mountain ViewsCentral HeatingTerraceBalconyWasherHousekeeping IncludedSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property View all property information Location Information 08040, Ulassai, Province of OgliastraPrivate Room - 1 Bedroom, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 2Make Inquiry 1 / 7Ospitalità e relax in MarmillaSini, Italy3 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details Wi-FiAir ConditioningPrivate YardParkingSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property View all property information Location Information 09090, Sini, Province of OristanoPrivate Room - 3 Bedrooms, 2 Bathrooms, Sleeps 6Make Inquiry 1 / 18Accogliente casa nel centro storico a MandasMandas2 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 6 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details ParkingWi-FiPrivate YardSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property View all property information Location Information 09040, Mandas, Province of CagliariRental Home - 2 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 6Make Inquiry 1 / 18B&B/Casa vacanze/Affitta camere Antico BorgoUlassai, Italy2 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 2 Quick View Check in Check out Show Prices Payment Protection Amenities & Details TerraceWasherHousekeeping IncludedBalconyMountain ViewsAir ConditioningSuitability Pet friendlyKid friendlySmoking allowedAbout this property View all property information Location Information 08040, Ulassai, Province of OgliastraPrivate Room - 2 Bedrooms, 1 Bathroom, Sleeps 2Make Inquiry Nurri Flight and Weather Info Low airfares recently found by TripAdvisor travelers
Browse all restaurants Additional Nurri Info View Map | [
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Thomas Spicer Condolences | Sign the Guest Book | Olinger Crown Hill Mortuary & Cemetery in partnership with the Dignity Memorial network
Restore Guest Book for Thomas E. Spicer | [
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Lunch links: Beneficial position switches - Pac-12 Blog - ESPN
Lunch links: Beneficial position switches730dKevin GemmellI'll have a scotch on the rocks, please. Any scotch will do, as long as it's not a blend, of course. Single malt, Glen Livet, Glen Galley, perhaps, any Glen.
Lunch links: Beneficial position switches4/25/20130 SharesEmailComment
Graduate of the Santa Clara UniversityFollow on Twitter0 SharesEmailPrintCommentI'll have a scotch on the rocks, please. Any scotch will do, as long as it's not a blend, of course. Single malt, Glen Livet, Glen Galley, perhaps, any Glen.A look at Matt Scott's NFL potential.An interesting Q&A with Sherman Morris, ASU's assistant athletic director for recruiting.Brian Schwenke's move to center last year turned out to be a blessing.Speaking of good position switches, Nick Kasa's move to tight end will probably land him in the draft.Injuries force Oregon into an offense-defense format, rather than split squad for its spring game.In the state of Oregon, it's the Beavers who have more at stake this spring.A breakdown of Stanford's offensive linemen this spring.Some notes from UCLA's practice on Wednesday.USC and Notre Dame will kick off under the lights.As promised, Dennis Erickson has brought an offensive identity to the Utes.Under Justin Wilcox, Washington's defense is more opportunistic.Mansel Simmons, the WSU player injured in the fight with an Idaho player, is giving up football. | [
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Patent US8170583 - Signal comparison-based location determining method - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign inAdvanced Patent SearchPatentsAt least one portable RF communications device in conjunction with at least two fixed-location service-area antenna stations respectively capable of RF communication with the at least one device performs the steps of: (I) using a portable device at a selected location to measure RF communications signals...http://www.google.com/patents/US8170583?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8170583 - Signal comparison-based location determining methodAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS8170583 B2Publication typeGrantApplication numberUS 12/720,362Publication dateMay 1, 2012Filing dateMar 9, 2010Priority dateSep 19, 2006Also published asCA2677882A1, CA2677882C, EP2108233A2, EP2108233A4, US7706811, US8594698, US20080070572, US20100159951, US20120202521, US20140073353, WO2008035249A2, WO2008035249A3Publication number12720362, 720362, US 8170583 B2, US 8170583B2, US-B2-8170583, US8170583 B2, US8170583B2InventorsRoy ShkediOriginal AssigneeBroadphone, LLCExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManPatent Citations (28), Non-Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (10), Classifications (16), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetSignal comparison-based location determining method
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 11/533,238, filed on Sep. 19, 2006 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,706,811 and entitled “Signal Comparison-Based Location Determining Method”. The disclosures of said application and its entire file wrapper (included all prior art references cited therewith) are hereby specifically incorporated herein by reference in their entirety as if set forth fully herein. Furthermore, a portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is | [
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Oct 2011 Fashion Industry Mixer Tickets, Tue, Oct 4, 2011 at 6:00 PM | Eventbrite
Oct 2011 Fashion Industry Mixer
$21.49 - $513.49
Tuesday, October 4, 2011 from 6:00 PM to 9:00 PM (CDT)
Fashion Networker - Early bird
Fashion Networker Ended $25.00 $2.37
Must bring your student ID and show at the check in.
Fashion Networker - At the door Ended $30.00 $0.00
Limited press passes are available. If you would like to write about the event on your blog/magazine contact cfc@chicagofashionconnect.com for a press pass
Share Oct 2011 Fashion Industry Mixer
Brought to you by Chicago Fashion Connect, an opportunity to connect with local fashion talent and entrepreneurs
Crystal B. Designs is an avant-garde brand that focuses on fusing architectural form with the female silhouette to positively enhance the feminine features of a woman.
Crystal B. Designs will be showcasing their latest designs at the Oct Fashion Industry Mixer. Don't miss the opportunity to see the designs up close and meet the designer.
Have questions about Oct 2011 Fashion Industry Mixer? Contact Metropolitan Fashion Hub | [
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http://www.overstock.com/Home-Garden/Bold-Double-Pole-144-to-240-inch-Adjustable-Double-Curtain-or-Patio-Rod-Set/5400648/product.html?recommendation_id=2d693b76-99c3-4663-a9d3-c7c8447acb0a&rcmndsrc=2&atcError=1 | [
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Towards the self-documenting database: extended properties - CodeProject 12,762,900 members (40,130 online)
mgutierrez21-Aug-07 12:56 this takes the pain away from maintaining a data dictionary. your sproc is now part of my team's best practices for SQL DDL scripts. Last Visit: 31-Dec-99 19:00 Last Update: 27-Feb-17 1:33Refresh1 | [
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Patent US20060104035 - Edge plated printed wiring boards - Google PatentsSearch Images Maps Play YouTube News Gmail Drive More »Sign in<nobr>Advanced Patent Search</nobr>PatentsPrinted wiring board assemblies are described that include printed wiring boards having at least on thermally conductive plane. In addition, the printed wiring boards can also include edge plating on at least a portion of an edge of the printed wiring board. The printed wiring boards can also include...http://www.google.com/patents/US20060104035?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US20060104035 - Edge plated printed wiring boardsAdvanced Patent SearchPublication numberUS20060104035 A1Publication typeApplicationApplication numberUS 11/211,942Publication dateMay 18, 2006Filing dateAug 24, 2005Priority dateAug 24, 2004Also published asWO2006024009A2, WO2006024009A3Publication number11211942, 211942, US 2006/0104035 A1, US 2006/104035 A1, US 20060104035 A1, US 20060104035A1, US 2006104035 A1, US 2006104035A1, US-A1-20060104035, US-A1-2006104035, US2006/0104035A1, US2006/104035A1, US20060104035 A1, US20060104035A1, US2006104035 A1, US2006104035A1InventorsKalu Vasoya, Bharat Mangrolia, Don RoyOriginal AssigneeVasoya Kalu K, Mangrolia Bharat M, Don RoyExport CitationBiBTeX, EndNote, RefManReferenced by (6), Classifications (35), Legal Events (3) External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, EspacenetEdge plated printed wiring boardsUS 20060104035 A1Abstract Printed wiring board assemblies are described that include printed wiring boards having at least on thermally conductive plane. In addition, the printed wiring boards can also include edge plating on at least a portion of an edge of the printed wiring board. The printed wiring boards can also include heat spreaders, heat sinks and/or thermally conductive heat paths to dissipate heat from the printed wiring board assembly. In many instances, the heat spreaders include microfoils. In one embodiment, the invention includes at least one circuit layer, at least one dielectric layer, at least one thermally conductive plane and edge plating that contacts the at least one thermally conductive plane. Images(12) Claims(37)
1. A printed wiring board, comprising: at least one circuit layer; at least one dielectric layer; at least one thermally conductive plane; and edge plating that contacts the at least one thermally conductive plane. 2. The printed wiring board of claim 1, wherein at least one of the thermally conductive planes is constructed from carbon fiber impregnated with resin. 3. The printed wiring board of claim 2, wherein the carbon fiber is woven. 4. The printed wiring board of claim 3, wherein the carbon fiber weave is balanced. 5. The printed wiring board of claim 3, wherein the carbon fiber weave is unbalanced. 6. The printed wiring board of claim 2, wherein the carbon fibers form a mat. 7. The printed wiring board of claim 2, wherein the carbon fiber is unidirectional. 8. The printed wiring board of claim 1, wherein at least one of the thermally conductive planes includes fibrous material coated in metal. 9. The printed wiring board of claim 8, wherein the fibrous material includes Carbon, Graphite, E-glass, S-glass, Aramid, Kevlar or Quartz. 10. The printed wiring board of claim 1, wherein at least one of the thermally conductive planes includes a substrate impregnated with resin. 11. The printed wiring board of claim 10, wherein the resin is an Epoxy based resin. 12. The printed wiring board of claim 10, wherein the resin includes at least one filler to improve the thermal conductivity of the thermal plane. 13. The printed wiring board of claim 12, wherein the filler is Pyrolytic Carbon powder, Carbon powder, Carbon particles, Diamond powder, Boron Nitride, Aluminum Oxide, Ceramic particles or Phenolic particles. 14. The printed wiring board of claim 1, wherein at least one of the thermally conductive planes includes a Carbon plate. 15. The printed wiring board of claim 1, wherein at least on of the thermally conductive planes includes Carbon-Silicon Carbide (C�SiC), a metal matrix composite, a metal or Boron Nitride. 16. The printed wiring board of claim 1, wherein at least one of the thermally conductive planes possesses an in plane thermal conductivity of greater than 3 W/m.K. 17. The printed wiring board of claim 16, wherein at least one of the thermally conductive planes possesses an in plane thermal conductivity is greater than 50 W/m.K. 18. The printed wiring board of claim 17, wherein at least one of the thermally conductive planes possesses an in plane thermal conductivity is greater than 300 W/m.K 19. A printed wiring board assembly, comprising: a printed wiring board including at least one thermally conductive plane; an electronic device mounted on the printed wiring board; and edge plating that contacts at least one of the thermally conductive planes. 20. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 19, further comprising a heat spreader mounted to the printed wiring board. 21. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 20, wherein the heat spreader includes microfins. 22. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 20, wherein the edge plating contacts the heat spreader. 23. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 20, wherein the electronic device contacts the heat spreader. 24. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 20, wherein the edge plating is connected to the heat spreader via a thermal interface material. 25. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 20, wherein the electronic device is connected to the heat spreader via a thermal interface material. 26. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 19, further comprising a heat sink that contacts the edge plating. 27. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 19, further comprising a heat sink that is connected to the edge plating by at least thermal interface material. 28. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 19, further comprising a heat sink that is connected to the edge plating by at least a heat spreader. 29. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 19, further comprising thermally conductive paths connected to the edge plating. 30. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 29, wherein the thermally conductive paths include Copper. 31. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 29, wherein the thermally conductive paths are wires and one end of each of the wires is connected to the edge plating. 32. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 29, wherein the thermally conductive paths are strips and one end of each of the strips is connected to the edge plating. 33. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 19, further comprising: a second printed wiring board including a thermally conductive plane and edge plating; and a heat sink; wherein the edge plating of both the first and second printed wiring boards contact the heat sink. 34. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 19, further comprising: a second printed wiring board including a thermally conductive plane and edge plating; and a heat sink; wherein a heat spreader is mounted to each of the printed wiring boards; and wherein the edge plating of both the first and second printed wiring boards contacts the heat sink via the heat spreaders. 35. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 19, wherein the electronic devices are dies directly mounted on the printed wiring board. 36. The printed wiring board assembly of claim 19, wherein the electronic devices are dies connected to the printed wiring board as at least one die stack. 37. A method of constructing a printed wiring board comprising: constructing a printed wiring board including at least one thermally conductive plane; prefabricating the edge of the printed wiring board in preparation for edge plating; plating thermally conductive edge plating onto the printed wiring board; finishing the outer layers of the printed wiring board; and mounting electronic devices on the printed wiring board. Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/604,242, filed Aug. 24, 2004, the contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND The present invention generally relates to thermal management and more specifically relates to thermal management of printed wiring boards. Activity of devices mounted on printed wiring boards can generate heat. Excessive heat can cause the devices mounted on the printed wiring board to fail. Failure of devices is particularly prevalent when �hot spots� develop on a printed wiring board. �Hot spots� typically arise when a number of devices are located in close proximity to each other. The difficulty devices have with dissipating heat tends to depend upon the proximity and number of adjacent devices. The greater the proximity and the larger the number of adjacent devices, the greater the likelihood that a �hot spot� will develop due to the inability of the device to adequately dissipate heat. A number of strategies exist for increasing the dissipation of heat from electronic devices mounted on printed wiring boards. Options include air cooling, liquid cooling, heat sinks and heat exchangers to draw heat away from electronic devices. Thermally managed printed wiring boards such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,869,664 to Vasoya et al. and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/131,130 the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, use thermally conductive planes within the printed wiring board to draw heat away from devices mounted on the surface of the printed wiring board. Conduction of heat away from the surface of the printed wiring board to thermally conductive planes can be increased using thermal vias or by increasing the thermal conductivity of the materials used in the construction of the printed wiring board. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention draw heat away from electronic devices mounted on the printed wiring board. In one aspect of the invention, edge plates are used to draw heat from thermal layers in the printed wiring boards. In another aspect of the invention edge plates and thermally conductive casings are used to conduct heat both directly away from electronic devices mounted on the printed wiring board and to conduct heat away from electronic devices mounted on the printed wiring board through the printed wiring board. In one embodiment, the invention includes at least one circuit layer, at least one dielectric layer, at least one thermally conductive plane and edge plating that contacts the at least thermally conductive plane. In a further embodiment, at least one of the thermally conductive planes is constructed from carbon fiber impregnated with resin, the carbon fiber is woven and the carbon fiber weave is balanced. Alternatively, the carbon fiber weave can be unbalanced. In many embodiments, the carbon fiber weave is a Plain weave, Twill weave, 2�2 twill, Basket weave, Leno weave, Satin weave, Stitched Uni Weave or 3D (Three dimensional) weave. In an additional embodiment, the carbon fibers include PAN fibers. In another further In another further embodiment, the carbon fibers include Pitch fibers. In another additional embodiment, the carbon fibers form a mat. In a further embodiment again, the carbon fiber is unidirectional. In an additional embodiment again, the carbon fibers are spin broken. Alternatively, at least some of the fibers can be stretch broken. In a yet further embodiment, the thermally conductive plane includes metal cladding. In many embodiments, the at least one of the thermally conductive planes includes graphite, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond, diamond, diamond like carbon (DLC), carbon composite, graphite composite or CVD composite. In yet another embodiment, least one of the thermally conductive planes includes fibrous material coated in metal. In many embodiments, the metal coated fibrous material includes Carbon, Graphite, E-glass, S-glass, Aramid, Kevlar or Quartz. In addition, the metal coating the fibrous material includes Nickel, Copper, Palladium, Silver, Tin or Gold. In a still further embodiment, at least one of the thermally conductive planes includes a substrate impregnated with resin. In many instances, the resin is an Epoxy based resin. In several embodiments, the resin is a Phenolic based resin, a Bismaleimide Triazine epoxy (BT) based resin, a Cynate Ester based resin or Polyimide based resin. In still another embodiment, the resin includes at least one filler to improve the thermal conductivity of the thermal plane. In many embodiments, the filler is Pyrolytic Carbon powder, Carbon powder, Carbon particles, Diamond powder, Boron Nitride, Aluminum Oxide, Ceramic particles or Phenolic particles. In a still further embodiment again, at least one of the thermally conductive planes includes a Carbon plate. In many embodiments, at least on of the thermally conductive planes includes Carbon-Silicon Carbide (C�SiC), a metal matrix composite, a metal or Boron Nitride. In still another embodiment again, at least one of the thermally conductive planes possesses an in plane thermal conductivity of greater than 3 W/m.K. In addition, at least one of the thermally conductive planes can possess an in plane thermal conductivity is greater than 50 W/m.K. Moreover, at least one of the thermally conductive planes can possess an in plane thermal conductivity is greater than 300 W/m.K In another further embodiment, the invention includes a printed wiring board including at least one thermally conductive plane, an electronic device mounted on the printed wiring board and edge plating that contacts at least one of the thermally conductive planes. Still another further embodiment also includes a heat spreader mounted to the printed wiring board and the edge plating contacts the heat spreader. The heat spreader can include microfins. In addition, the electronic device can also contact the heat spreader. Furthermore, the edge plating can be connected to the heat spreader via a thermal interface material and the electronic device can be connected to the heat spreader via a thermal interface material. Yet another further embodiment also includes a heat sink that contacts the edge plating. Another further embodiment again also includes a heat sink that is connected to the edge plating by at least thermal interface material. Still yet another further embodiment includes a heat sink that is connected to the edge plating by at least a heat spreader. Still yet another further embodiment again includes thermally conductive paths connected to the edge plating. In many embodiments, the thermally conductive paths include Copper and can be wires with one end of each wire connected to the edge plating or strips with one end of each strip connected to the edge plating. Still yet another additional further embodiment also includes a second printed wiring board including a thermally conductive plane and edge plating and a heat sink. In addition, the edge plating of both the first and second printed wiring boards contact the heat sink. Still yet another additional further embodiment again includes a second printed wiring board including a thermally conductive plane and edge plating and a heat sink. In addition, a heat spreader is mounted to each of the printed wiring boards and each of the edge platings of the printed wiring boards contacts the heat sink via the heat spreaders. In a still yet further additional embodiment, the electronic devices are dies directly mounted on the printed wiring board. In a still yet further additional embodiment again, the electronic devices are dies connected to the printed wiring board as at least one die stack. An embodiment of the method of the invention includes, constructing a printed wiring board including at least one thermally conductive plane, prefabricating the edge of the printed wiring board in preparation for edge plating, plating thermally conductive edge plating onto the printed wiring board, finish the outer layers of the printed wiring board and mounting electronic devices on the printed wiring board. A further embodiment of the method of the invention also includes adding thermal interface material to the edge plating. Another embodiment of the method of the invention also includes mounting a heat spreader to the printed wiring board. A still further embodiment of the method of the invention also includes connecting a heat sink to the heat spreader. Still another embodiment of the method of the invention also includes forming microfins in the heat spreader. A yet further embodiment of the method of the invention also includes connecting the edge plating to a heat sink. Yet another embodiment of the method of the invention also includes forming microfins in the edge plating.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic isotropic view of a printed wiring board assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention including a casing that has been partially cut away to reveal electronic devices mounted on a printed wiring board; FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a process for manufacturing a printed wiring board assembly in accordance with the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a printed wiring board assembly similar to that shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is schematic cross-sectional view of the printed wiring board illustrated in FIG. 1; FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of multiple printed wiring boards connected to a common heat sink in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of multiple printed wiring board assemblies that include thermally conductive cases connected to a common heat sink in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a printed wiring board assembly including electronic components mounted on the printed wiring board using die stacking in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a printed wiring board assembly including a segmented thermally conductive casing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9 is an schematic cross-sectional view of a printed wiring board assembly in accordance with the present invention that includes edge plating for dissipating heat; FIG. 10 is a schematic isotropic view of a printed wiring board assembly including a thermally conductive casing having microfins in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention FIG. 11 is a schematic isotropic view of a printed wiring board assembly including thermally conductive paths connected to the edge plating of a printed wiring board in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Turning now to the drawings, printed wiring board assemblies including printed wiring boards having thermally conductive planes are illustrated. Electronic devices are connected to the printed wiring boards and at least a portion of one edge of the printed wiring boards include thermally conductive edge plating. Embodiments of printed wiring board assemblies in accordance with the present invention can use the thermally conductive edge plating to dissipate heat from the thermally conductive plane. In other embodiments, heat is further dissipated using heat spreaders such as thermally conductive casings and/or using heat sinks such as a microfin heat sink. An embodiment of a printed wiring board assembly in accordance with the present invention is shown in a schematic fashion in FIG. 1. The printed wiring board assembly 10 includes a plurality of electronic devices 12 mounted on a thermally conductive printed wiring board 14. The printed wiring board has at least one thermally conductive plane 16, which extends to at least one of the edges of the printed wiring board 18, 20, 22 and 24. In several embodiments the thermally conductive plane also is intersected by mounting holes 26. In the illustrated embodiment, the edges of the printed wiring board 18 and 20 are plated with a thermally conductive edge plating 28. A thermal interface 29 is located between the edge plating and a thermally conductive casing 30. In operation, the devices 12 mounted on the printed wiring board 14 generate heat. Some of the heat generated by the devices can dissipate via conduction through the printed wiring board to the nearest thermally conductive plane 16 and the relatively high thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive plane can cause heat to dissipate rapidly throughout the plane. At the edges of the thermally conductive plane, the edge plating 28 and thermal interface material 29 enable heat to conduct from the plane to the thermally conductive casing 30. Consequently, a heat flow path can be created from the devices through the board to the thermally conductive planes and from the thermally conductive planes to the thermally conductive casing via the edge plating. The surface area of the thermally conductive casing can be significantly greater than that of the electronic devices and, therefore, can dissipate heat more rapidly. For embodiments where a heat generating device 12 contacts the thermally conductive casing 30, additional heat can conduct directly from the device to the thermally conductive casing. Use of edge plating 28 can increase the rate at which heat conducts from the thermally conductive plane 16 to the thermally conductive casing 30. The edge plating can be a material having an extremely high thermal conductivity, which effectively increases the surface area with which the thermally conductive plane contacts the thermally conductive casing. In addition to increasing the ability of heat to dissipate from thermally conductive planes, the edge plating can increase the overall stiffness of the printed wiring board and in particular increase stiffness normal to the thickness of the plating. The thermally conductive plane 16 is typically constructed from a material having a relatively high thermal conductivity. In one embodiment, the thermally conductive plane is a layer of carbon fiber impregnated with a thermally conductive resin similar to the resin impregnated carbon fiber substrates described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,869,664 to Vasoya et al. In addition to the resin impregnated carbon fiber, any of the materials described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,869,664 to Vasoya et al. for the construction of an electrically conductive constraining core can also be used in the construction of a thermally conductive plane in accordance with the present invention. In embodiments where the thermally conductive plane is also electrically conductive, processes in accordance with embodiments of the method of the present invention that can be used to ensure that the edge plating does not cause short circuits between circuits on different layers of the printed wiring board. These processes are discussed in detail below. As can be appreciated, thermally conductive planes can be constructed from a wide variety of materials in addition to those indicated above. Examples of other suitable materials are now discussed. In many embodiments, the thermally conductive plane 16 can be constructed using any form of carbon including graphite, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond, such as the CVD manufactured by Morgan Advanced Ceramics, Diamonex products division located at Allentown, Pa., diamond, diamond like carbon (DLC), carbon composite, graphite composite, CVD composite In many instances, carbon used in the construction of a thermally conductive plane 16 can take the form of a fibrous material that is impregnated with resin. Examples of suitable fibers include part numbers CNG-90, CN-80, CN-60, CN-50, YS-90, YS-80, YS-60 and YS-50 manufactured by Nippon Graphite Fiber of Japan, K63B12, K13C2U, K13C1U, K13D2U, K13A1L manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Inc. of Japan or T300-3k, T300-1k, EWC-600X manufactured by Cytec Carbon Fibers LLC of Greenville, S.C. In other embodiments, thermally conductive planes can be constructed from PAN, Pitch or a combination of both fibers. Carbon or other types of fibrous material coated in metal and impregnated with resin can be used in the construction of a thermally conductive plane 16 in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Examples of fibers that can be coated with metal include Carbon, Graphite, E-glass, S-glass, Aramid, Kevlar, Quartz or any combination of these fibers. Examples of metals that are typically used to coat fibers include Nickel, Copper, Palladium, Silver, Tin and Gold. The services of manufacturers such as Electro Fiber Technologies located in Stratford, Conn. can be used to metal coat fibers. When fibrous materials are used in the construction of a thermally conductive plane 16, the configurations in which the fibrous materials can be arranged can influence the mechanical and thermal properties of the printed wiring board 14. The fiber configurations can include being woven, unidirectional or non-woven mats. In several embodiments, the woven material can be in the form of a Plain weave, Twill weave, 2�2 twill, Basket weave, Leno weave, Satin weave, Stitched Uni Weave or 3D (Three dimensional) weave. Typically, heat is able to conduct more rapidly along the thermally conductive fibers than between the fibers. Therefore, the type of weave used can influence the direction of heat flow within a thermally conductive plane 16. In embodiments with a balanced weave, heat will tend to conduct away from a single heat source along the fibers evenly in four generally perpendicular directions. When an unbalanced weave is used the heat will not conduct evenly in all directions. More heat will conduct in the direction of the weave that includes a greater density of fibers than in the other direction of the weave. Therefore, an unbalanced weave can be used to control the direction in which heat flows. For example, an unbalanced weave can be used to increase heat flow to the edges of the printed wiring board closest to the heat source. In addition, an unbalanced weave can be used to direct heat flow away from adjacent heat sources and avoid the creation of �hot spots� within the thermally conductive plane. As indicated above, fibers can be used to form non-woven material. Examples of non-woven materials that can be used in the construction of a thermally conductive plane in accordance with an embodiment of the invention include fibers in the form of Uni-tape or a mat. In many embodiments, Carbon mats such as a grade number 8000040 2 oz mat or a 8000047 3 oz mat manufactured by Advanced Fiber NonWovens of East Walpole, Mass. can be used in the construction of thermally conductive planes. Fibers used in the construction of a thermally conductive plane in accordance with an embodiment of the invention can be continuous or discontinuous. In embodiments where discontinuous fibers are used, the fibers can be spin broken or stretch broken fibers such as part no. X0219 manufactured by Toho Carbon Fibers Inc. of Rockwood, Tenn. In many embodiments, the resin used to construct the thermally conductive plane 16 is an Epoxy based resin such as EP387 or EP450 manufactured by Lewcott Corporation, Mass. In other embodiment, a thermally conductive plane can be constructed using resins such as Phenolic based resin, Bismaleimide Triazine epoxy (BT) based resin, Cynate Ester based resin and/or Polyimide based resin. Many resins used in accordance with embodiments of the present invention include fillers such as Pyrolytic Carbon powder, Carbon powder, Carbon particles, Diamond powder, Boron Nitride, Aluminum Oxide, Ceramic particles, and Phenolic particles to improve the thermal and/or physical properties of the thermally conductive planes 16. In several embodiments, resins can also increase the electrical conductivity of the thermally conductive plane 16. A thermally conductive plane 16 can also be constructed in accordance with an aspect of the present invention using a Carbon plate, which can be made using compressed Carbon powder. In other embodiments, a suitable Carbon plate can be constructed using Carbon flakes or chopped Carbon fiber. In other embodiments, the thermally conductive plane 16 can be constructed from other types of materials such as C�SiC (Carbon-Silicon Carbide) manufactured by Starfire Systems Inc. of Malta, N.Y., metal matrix composites, metal, Boron Nitride and any combinations of above listed materials. In many instances, the thermal conductivity of a thermally conductive plane is increased by cladding a substrate on one or both sides with a layer of metal such as copper. In many instances of the invention, the thermally conductive plane is constructed from materials that, when unclad, have an in plane thermal conductivity of greater than 3 W/m.K. In many embodiments the in plane thermal conductivity is greater than 50 W/m.K. Often the in plane thermal conductivity can be in excess of 300 W/m.K. The choice of a material for use in the construction of the thermally conductive planes typically depends on the heat transfer, coefficient of thermal expansion and stiffness desired from the completed printed wiring board. As will be discussed below, any of the materials that can be used in the construction of a printed wiring board (including the materials described in U.S. Pat. 6,869,664 to Vasoya et al. and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/131,130) can be used in the construction of the remainder of a printed wiring board including thermally conductive planes in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention. In many embodiments, use of thermally conductive planes in printed wiring boards can result in a printed wiring board in accordance with the present invention having a thermal conductivity greater than 3.0 W/m.K in the plane of the printed wiring board and greater than 1.0 W/m.K through the thickness of the plane. In several embodiments, the thermal conductivity is greater than 5.0 W/m.K in-plane and greater than 1.5 W/m.K through the thickness of the plane. Other embodiments possess thermal conductivity greater than 10.0 W/m.K in-plane and greater than 2.0 W/m.K through the thickness of the plane. As can be understood from the types of materials described above, the thermal plane 16 can possess the property of electrical conductivity. In embodiments where the thermally conductive plane is electrically conductive, the thermally conductive plane can be used as a functional layer. A functional layer is a layer within a printed wiring board that contains circuits and/or regions that act as reference planes. Functional layers include ground planes, power planes and split plane layers. Non-functional layers are layers that are not part of the circuit of the printed wiring board. So-called non-functional layers are typically structural and are used to electrically isolate the functional layers of the printed wiring board and assist in defining the mechanical characteristics of the printed wiring board. As discussed above, the edge plating facilitates the transfer of heat from a thermally conductive plane to a thermally conductive casing 30. Embodiments discussed in greater detail below demonstrate how edge plating can also be used to facilitate heat transfer from the thermally conductive plane to one or more heat sinks or to the ambient environment. In one embodiment, the edge plating is constructed from Copper. In other embodiments, edge plating can be constructed using Copper alloys, Silver, Palladium, Aluminum, Aluminum alloys, Germanium, Gold, Nickel, Ni-Au and Cu-Ni-Au. Typically, the edge plating is constructed from any material having a relatively high thermal conductivity. In many embodiments, the edge plating has a thermal conductivity greater than 2.0 W/m.K. In other embodiments, the thermal conductivity can be greater than 10.0 W/m.K and can be greater than 100.0 W/m.K. Heat transfer between a thermally conductive plane 16 and a thermally conductive casing 30 or heat sink can be increased using a thermal interface material 29. The thermal interface 29 can reduce thermal resistance between the thermally conductive edge plating 28 and the thermally conductive case 30. In one embodiment, the thermal interface material 29 can be thermal grease, thermal adhesive, thermal tape, phase change material such as PCM45 manufactured by Honeywell Electronic Materials of Sunnyvale, Calif., dispensable gel such as TM150/350 manufactured by Honeywell Electronic Materials, solders or thermal pads such as GELVET manufactured by Honeywell Electronic Materials. Thermal interface material 29 can be dispensed during assembly, can be applied and then heat cured, applied like tape or can be pre-applied in solid state and then undergo a solid to liquid phase change at an elevated temperature to conform to adjacent surfaces and reduce thermal resistance. In another embodiment RNT foil technology manufactured by Reactive Nano Technologies Inc of Hunt Valley, Md., or highly thermally and electrically conductive Z-axis adhesive film such as ATTA LM-2, ATTA TF-1, IOB-3 ACF, TP-1 ACF manufactured by Btech Corp. of Longmont, Colo. can be used as the thermal interface material. In other embodiments, the thermal interface material can be implemented using a number of thermally conductive materials including vertically aligned Carbon/Graphite fiber composite tape, vertically aligned metal fiber/metal coated fiber film, Silver Oxide, Aluminum Oxide, Pyrolytic Carbon. In other embodiments other materials can be used to implement the thermal interface material having thermal conductivities greater than 1.0 W/m.K. One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that any number of electronic devices can be mounted on a printed circuit board using a variety of techniques. Such devices can include memory chips, microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) and discrete devices. In one embodiment, the electronic devices are assembled onto the printed wiring board by component leads connected via a wave solder process. In other embodiments, electronic devices 12 can be attached to the printed wiring board 14 that are packaged as Thin Small Outline Packages (TSOP), Ball Grid Arrays (BGA), Ceramic Ball Grid Arrays (CBGA), Ceramic Column Grid Arrays (CCGA), Chip Scale Packages (CSP), Flip Chips, Flip Chip BGAs, Multi Chip Modules (MCM), System in Packages (SIP), System On Packages (SOP), Land Grid Arrays (LGA), Land Grid Area Arrays (LGAA), Wafer Level Packages (WLP) or that are simply attached using Direct Die Attach (DDA). In other embodiments, electronic devices can be assembled onto the printed wiring board by wire bonding or any other process that can be used to attach an electronic device to a printed wiring board. A thermally conductive casing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can be constructed from any material capable of providing suitable structural and thermal properties. A thermally conductive casing is a type of device commonly referred to as a heat spreader. In one embodiment, the thermally conductive case is assembled over the printed wiring board and the electronic devices using rivets or bolts. The rivets or bolts can be secured to the printed wiring board through mounting holes. In addition, various types of clamps could be used. The attachment of thermally conductive casings is discussed further below. As will be discussed further below, the thermally conductive casing can be connected to heat sinks, can have fins and/or microfins to increase the rate at which heat can be dissipated. Printed wiring board assemblies in accordance with the present invention can be constructed in accordance with a process shown in FIG. 2. The process 100, includes manufacturing (102) a thermally managed printed wiring board including thermally conductive planes. Prefabricating (104) the edge for the edge plating. Thermally conductive edge plating is plated (106) onto the printed wiring board and the outer layers of the printed wiring board are finished (108). The electronic devices are mounted (110) onto the printed wiring board and a thermally conductive case is assembled (112) over the printed wiring board and electronic devices. As an additional step, a heat sink may then be attached 114 to the thermally conductive case. In one embodiment, the printed wiring board 14 is constructed in accordance with the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,869,664 to Vasoya et al. and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/131,130 as incorporated above by reference. In other embodiments, other printed wiring board structures including thermally conductive layers can be manufactured in accordance with techniques that are well known in the art. Typically, the circuits on the functional layers do not extend to the edges of the PWB to prevent the edge plating from creating short circuits. Although in embodiments where the thermal planes are also functional layers, the thermal planes can be connected by the edge plating provided short circuits can be tolerated. For example, when both thermal planes are also common ground planes. In one embodiment, edge routing is performed using a carbide high speed routing tool used by a CNC routing machine manufactured by Excellon Automation of Torrance, Calif. The edge routing can be performed prior to a metallization process designed to establish electrical and or thermal connections between different electrical and or thermal plane layers. The edge routing followed by edge plating can prepare edges of a printed wiring board for the creation of a thermal connection between thermally conductive planes in the printed wiring board and a thermally conductive case. In one embodiment, edge plating is performed using a conventional copper plating process. These processes typically require that printed wiring board panels be run through permanganate desmear baths or through a plasma etch back process to clean holes or slot walls prior to metal deposition. A thin layer of metal can be deposited on the walls of holes and slots by passing the panels through an electro-less Copper bath or by any equivalent process. The metal plating can then be completed by plating the required amount of metal over the thin deposit layer. A pulse plating process can also be used. In one embodiment, finishing of the outer layers of the printed wiring board includes patterning circuits onto the outer layers of the printed circuit board, inspecting the outer layers, applying a solder mask, performing a surface finish process, final fabrication, electrical testing and performing a final inspection. In other embodiments, other processes can be performed that create a finished printed wiring board. In several embodiments, heat sinks are attached to the thermally conductive cases to increase the ability of the printed wiring board assembly to dissipate heat into the environment. In several embodiments, a heat sink such as a finned heat sink made out of metal, metal alloys, Carbon, Graphite, Carbon composite or graphite composite can be used. In other embodiments, other types of heat sinks can be used. Examples of embodiments including heat sinks are discussed further below. The printed wiring board assembly 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a printed wiring board 14 with a single thermally conductive plane 16. In other embodiments, the printed wiring board used in the printed wiring board assembly can include multiple thermally conductive planes. A cross section of such a printed wiring board assembly 10′ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 3. The printed wiring board assembly is similar to the printed wiring board assembly shown in FIG. 1 in most respects except that the printed wiring board 14′ includes multiple thermally conductive planes and a thermal interface is not used between the edge plating and the thermally conductive case. The printed wiring board 14′ includes a plurality of functional layers 40 that are separated by a plurality of dielectric layers 42. The printed wiring board 14′ also includes two thermally conductive planes 60 and 80. In one embodiment, a thermally conductive plane can be one of the functional layers in the printed wiring board. In other embodiments, the thermally conductive planes can be non-functional layers. In one embodiment, thermally conductive planes are positioned close to the main surfaces of the printed wiring board to increase the rate at which heat flows from the surface of the printed wiring board to the thermally conducting planes. In other embodiments, the thermally conductive planes occupy a variety of locations within the layers of the printed wiring board. The edge plating 28′ enables the transfer of heat between the thermally conductive planes 60 and 80 and a thermally conductive casing 30′. In other embodiments, the thermally conductive casing can directly contact the thermally conductive planes. In these embodiments, the thermally conductive casing essentially includes the edge plating. In operation, printed wiring board assemblies in accordance with the present invention can transfer heat generated by electronic devices 12′ mounted on the printed wiring board to the thermally conductive case 30′. Heat can flow from the electronic devices to the thermally conductive planes 60 or 80 and from the thermally conductive planes to the thermally conductive casing via the edge plating layer 28′. Heat can also flow from an electronic device to the casing via direct contact between the electronic device and the thermally conductive case or via conduction through a thermal interface 82. Examples of thermal interface materials are discussed above. A thermally conductive casing can be mounted to a printed wiring board in a variety of ways. A printed wiring board assembly 10″in accordance with the present invention including a thermally conductive case 30′ mounted using a case mounting device 122 is illustrated in FIG. 4. The printed wiring board assembly also includes a thermal interface material 29′ located between the thermally conductive edge plating 28″ and the thermally conductive case 30″. In the illustrated embodiment, a thermal path exists between the thermally conductive planes 60′ and 80′ and the thermally conductive case 30″ via the case mounting device 122. Heat transfer between the thermally conductive plane and the case mounting device 122 is facilitated by using a thermally conductive lining inside the mounting hole 124 that contains the case mounting device. In one embodiment, the case mounting device is a screw constructed from Aluminum. In other embodiments, the case mounting device could be a pin, rod, rivet or any other device capable of securing a case to a printed wiring board when positioned within a mounting hole in the printed wiring board. Materials that can be used to construct case mounting devices in accordance with the present invention include Brass, Aluminum alloys, Copper, Copper alloys, other metal and metal alloys, Carbon composite, Graphite composite or any other material capable of a thermal conductivity greater than 10.0 W/m.K. An embodiment of a printed wiring board assembly in accordance with the present invention that includes a number of printed wiring boards connected to a heat sink is illustrated in FIG. 5. The printed wiring board assembly 10′″ includes a plurality of printed wiring boards 14′″ on which electronic devices 12′″ are mounted. The printed wiring boards also include thermally conductive edge plating 28′−. Thermal interfaces 29′″ are used to transfer heat from the thermally conductive edge plating on each of the printed wiring boards to a heat sink 130. Thermally conductive planes in the printed wiring board 60″ and 80″ can transfer heat generated by electronic devices mounted on the printed wiring boards to the heat sink via the thermally conductive edge plating 28′″ and thermal interface material 29′″. Both the thermal interface material and the thermally conductive edge plating can be constructed in the manner described above. An embodiment of a printed wiring board assembly including multiple printed wiring boards possessing thermally conductive casings that are connected to a heat sink is illustrated in FIG. 6. The printed wiring board assembly 10″″ is similar to the printed wiring board assembly 10′″ illustrated in FIG. 5, except that each of the printed wiring boards are surrounded by a thermally conductive casing 30″″. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6, heat can be drawn away from electronic devices through thermally conductive planes 60′″ and 80′″ in the printed wiring boards and through the thermally conductive casings 30″″. The presence of the heat sink 130′ can enable more rapid dissipation of heat from the thermal planes 60′″ and 80′″ and thermally conductive casings 30″″. A printed wiring board assembly including stacked electronic devices in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 7. The printed wiring board assembly 10′″″ uses a printed wiring board 14′″″ that includes thermally conductive planes 60″″, 80″″ and at least one thermally conductive edge plating 28′″″. Stacks of electronic devices 200 are attached to the printed wiring board and the stacks are enclosed in a thermally conductive case 30′″″. The thermally conductive case can contact the thermally conductive edge plating and the outermost electronic devices in the stacks. Various techniques can be used in the construction of stacks including those techniques described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/930,397 the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Thermally conductive casings are a type of heat spreader. In the embodiments discussed above that include thermally conductive casings, the thermally conductive casings have tended to be continuous structures surrounding portions of a printed wiring board. In other embodiments, the thermally conductive casing can be segmented to optimize the efficiency of different thermal pathways. In embodiments where heat can dissipate through a number of pathways, segmentation can avoid one of the pathways dissipating heat back into the printed wiring board assembly through another less efficient thermal pathway. An embodiment of a printed wiring board assembly including a segmented thermally conductive casing is shown in FIG. 8. The thermally conductive casing 30″″″ is segmented into three pieces 220, 222 and 224. A first piece 220 of the thermally conductive casing contacts devices 12″″″ mounted on one side of the printed wiring board 14′″″″. A second piece 222 of the thermally conductive casing contacts devices 12″″″ mounted on the other side of the printed wiring board 14″″″. The third piece 224 of the thermally conductive plating contacts the edge plating 28″″″ of the printed wiring board via a thermal interface material 29′″″. Each of the pieces of the thermally conductive casing acts as a heat spreader. The first piece 220 spreads heat from a first group of the devices 12″″″, the second piece 222 spreads heat from a second group of the devices 12′″″ and the third piece 224 spreads heat from the thermal planes 60′″″ and 80′″″. The first and second pieces of the thermally conductive casing are mounted using mounting hardware (see discussion above). In other embodiments, the first and second pieces can also be mounted using sticky thermal tape. The third piece 224 includes a slot 226 that engages the edge of the printed wiring board 14′″″. In other embodiments, mounting hardware and/or sticky thermal tape can also be used in the mounting of the third piece of the thermally conductive casing. Although the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8 includes a thermally conductive casing segmented into three pieces, in other embodiments the casing can be segmented in any variety of ways. In several embodiments the casing is continuous, however, sections of material with low thermal conductivity are used to isolate regions of the thermally conductive casing from each other. Numerous embodiments include segmented thermally conductive casings that are connected in a manner or that include slots and/or holes that restrict heat flow between different regions of the thermally conductive casings. In other embodiments, the edge plating is not connected to a heat spreader. In these embodiments, the edge plating itself forms a heat spreader to dissipate heat into the ambient environment. A printed wiring board that includes edge plating configured to dissipate heat to the ambient environment is illustrated in FIG. 9. The edge plating 28′″″″ includes ridges 240 to increase its surface area. Increased surface area can increase the rate at which heat dissipates. In other embodiments, other techniques for increasing the surface area of the edge plating can be used. Increasing surface area can increase heat dissipation from heat spreaders such as thermally conductive casings. A printed wiring board assembly including a heat spreader having microfins is shown in FIG. 10. The printed wiring board assembly 10″″″″ is similar to the printed wiring board assembly 10′ shown in FIG. 3 with the exception that the thermally conductive casing 30″″″″ includes microfins 250. The microfins 250 extend from the thermally conductive casing 30″″″″. In one embodiment, microfins 250 can be manufactured using Micro-Deformation Technology. In other embodiments, microfins can be formed separately and attached to the thermally conductive casing 30″″″″ using a thermally conductive adhesive such as an adhesive tape or using a thermal interface material. In other embodiments, techniques for attaching microfings to a thermally conductive casing include soldering, welding or use of mounting hardware. In other embodiments, any of a variety of techniques can be used to draw heat away from edge plating or a heat spreader. In many embodiments, liquid cooling is used to transport heat away from edge plating or heat spreader. In other embodiments, heat can be transported away from edge plating or a heat spreader using thermally conductive paths. An embodiment of a printed wiring board assembly including an edge plated printed wiring board connected to thermally conductive paths is shown in FIG. 11. The printed wiring board assembly 300 includes a printed wiring board 302 on which electronic devices are mounted and that includes a thermal plane 304 and edge plating 306. Thermal paths 308 connect to the edge plating 306. In one embodiment, the thermal paths are metal wires and/or strips that are connected to the edge plating. In many embodiments, copper wires are used. In other embodiments, any thermally conductive material can be connected to the edge plating 306 to create a thermal path. In several embodiments, the thermal paths are connected to a heat sink or spreader such as a device chassis. Although the foregoing embodiments are disclosed as typical, it would be understood that additional variations, substitutions and modifications can be made to the system, as disclosed, without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, any variety of semiconductor die configurations can be used in printed wiring board assemblies in accordance with the present invention. In addition, any variety of different die stacking, printed wiring board, heat spreader, heat sink, microfin and/or thermal path configurations can be used that utilize edge plating to transfer heat between thermally conductive planes in a printed wiring board and other elements in the assembly. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined not by the embodiments illustrated, but by the appended claims and their equivalents. Referenced byCiting PatentFiling datePublication dateApplicantTitleUS7606034 *Jun 4, 2007Oct 20, 2009Corsair MemoryThermally enhanced memory moduleUS7643300 *Dec 16, 2008Jan 5, 2010Fu Zhun Precision Industry (Shen Zhen) Co., Ltd.Heat dissipation device for memory module cardsUS7981703 *Aug 14, 2008Jul 19, 2011Occam Portfolio LlcElectronic assemblies without solder and methods for their manufactureUS8771889 *Oct 25, 2012Jul 8, 2014Intelligent Energy Inc.Hydrogen generatorUS20130108940 *Oct 25, 2012May 2, 2013Eveready Battery Company, Inc.Hydrogen GeneratorEP1885170A1 *Jul 27, 2007Feb 6, 2008ASUSTeK Computer Inc.Electronic device having heat spreader* Cited by examinerClassifications U.S. Classification361/704, 257/E23.101, 257/E23.105, 257/E23.104International ClassificationH05K7/20Cooperative ClassificationH01L2924/01019, H01L2924/01078, H01L23/3675, H05K1/0373, H05K2201/0919, H05K2201/0209, H01L23/36, H05K1/0207, H01L2924/01021, H05K3/4641, H01L23/3677, H01L2924/16152, H05K9/0039, H05K2201/0281, H01L2924/01079, H05K3/403, H05K1/0209, H01L2224/73253, H01L2224/16, H05K1/0366, H01L2924/01046, H05K1/0206, H05K2201/0323European ClassificationH05K1/02B2D, H05K3/46B8, H05K9/00B4B, H05K1/02B2E, H01L23/367H, H01L23/36, H01L23/367WLegal EventsDateCodeEventDescriptionMar 31, 2010ASAssignmentOwner name: C-CORE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.,CALIFORNIAOwner name: STABLCOR, INC.,CALIFORNIAOwner name: TWI MANAGEMENT, INC.,CALIFORNIAFree format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CHRISTIE, PARKER & HALE, LLP;US-ASSIGNMENT DATABASE UPDATED:20100401;REEL/FRAME:24170/43Effective date: 20100331Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:CHRISTIE, PARKER & HALE, LLP;REEL/FRAME:024170/0043Sep 18, 2007ASAssignmentOwner name: CHRISTIE, PARKER & HALE, LLP, CALIFORNIAFree format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:C-CORE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.;STABLCOR, INC.;TWI MANAGEMENT, INC.;REEL/FRAME:019834/0478Effective date: 20070426Feb 1, 2006ASAssignmentOwner name: C-CORE TECHNOLOGIES, INC., CALIFORNIAFree format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VASOYA, KALU K.;MANGROLIA, BHARAT M.;ROY, DON;REEL/FRAME:017103/0817Effective date: 20060123RotateOriginal ImageGoogle Home - Sitemap - USPTO Bulk Downloads - Privacy Policy - Terms of Service - About Google Patents - Send FeedbackData provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services©2012 Google | [
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Cross DA[au] - PubMed - NCBI
Search: Cross DA[au]
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O'Malley AS, Draper K, Gourevitch R, Cross DA, Scholle SH.
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Negres RA, Cross DA, Liao ZM, Matthews MJ, Carr CW.
Opt Express. 2014 Feb 24;22(4):3824-44. doi: 10.1364/OE.22.003824.
24663703
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Predictive modeling techniques for nanosecond-laser damage growth in fused silica optics.
Liao ZM, Abdulla GM, Negres RA, Cross DA, Carr CW.
Opt Express. 2012 Jul 2;20(14):15569-79. doi: 10.1364/OE.20.015569.
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Negres RA, Abdulla GM, Cross DA, Liao ZM, Carr CW.
Opt Express. 2012 Jun 4;20(12):13030-9. doi: 10.1364/OE.20.013030.
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Reprogramming ventricular sensing to suppress electromyographic noise is ill-advised in the operative setting.
Cross DA.
Anesth Analg. 2012 Feb;114(2):479; author reply 481-2. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31823f0d3d. No abstract available.
22266701
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Grossman JM, Cross DA, Boukus ER, Cohen GR.
J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2012 May-Jun;19(3):353-9. doi: 10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000515. Epub 2011 Nov 18.
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Analysis of 1ω bulk laser damage in KDP.
Cross DA, Carr CW.
Appl Opt. 2011 Aug 1;50(22):D7-11. doi: 10.1364/AO.50.0000D7.
Select item 21833091 34.
Negres RA, Liao ZM, Abdulla GM, Cross DA, Norton MA, Carr CW.
Appl Opt. 2011 Aug 1;50(22):D12-20. doi: 10.1364/AO.50.000D12.
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The effect of laser pulse shape and duration on the size at which damage sites initiate and the implications to subsequent repair.
Carr CW, Cross DA, Norton MA, Negres RA.
Opt Express. 2011 Jul 4;19 Suppl 4:A859-64. doi: 10.1364/OE.19.00A859.
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Multiples of minimal alveolar concentration of volatile agents are not necessarily equipotent.
Anesthesiology. 2011 Jan;114(1):221; author reply 221-2. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181fef395. No abstract available.
21178681
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Growth behavior of laser-induced damage on fused silica optics under UV, ns laser irradiation.
Negres RA, Norton MA, Cross DA, Carr CW.
Opt Express. 2010 Sep 13;18(19):19966-76. doi: 10.1364/OE.18.019966.
Select item 20736307 39.
Roberts OL, Holmes K, Müller J, Cross DA, Cross MJ.
J Cell Sci. 2010 Sep 15;123(Pt 18):3189-200. doi: 10.1242/jcs.072801. Epub 2010 Aug 24. Erratum in: J Cell Sci. 2010 Oct 1;123(Pt 19):3413.
20736307
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Biventricular pacing in conjunction with epicardial atrial pacing adversely affects timing of intra-aortic balloon pump.
Cross DA, Johnston WE.
J Extra Corpor Technol. 2010 Jun;42(2):150-2.
Select item 19909257 41.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2009 Dec;37(Pt 6):1254-9. doi: 10.1042/BST0371254. Review.
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Thurlkill RL, Cross DA, Scholtz JM, Pace CN.
J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2005 Dec;19(6):759-62.
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GSK-3 inhibition by adenoviral FRAT1 overexpression is neuroprotective and induces Tau dephosphorylation and beta-catenin stabilisation without elevation of glycogen synthase activity.
Culbert AA, Brown MJ, Frame S, Hagen T, Cross DA, Bax B, Reith AD.
FEBS Lett. 2001 Nov 2;507(3):288-94.
Select item 11446541 45.
Comparison of perceived pain with different immobilization techniques.
Cross DA, Baskerville J.
Prehosp Emerg Care. 2001 Jul-Sep;5(3):270-4.
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Cross DA, Culbert AA, Chalmers KA, Facci L, Skaper SD, Reith AD.
J Neurochem. 2001 Apr;77(1):94-102.
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FEBS Lett. 1997 Jun 23;410(1):3-10. Review.
Cross DA[Author] | [
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