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13161093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villaespasa | Villaespasa | Villaespasa is a municipality in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 23 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villafruela | Villafruela | Villafruela is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the INE, as of January 2022, the municipality has a population of 154 inhabitants.
Of architectural importance in the town are the church of San Lorenzo, the Archbishop's Palace, currently in disarray, and a stone arch known as the "Arco de Odón" which is part of the medieval defensive walls of the town.
Gabino Ramos, philologist and co-author of the Diccionario del español actual, was born in Villafruela.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161105 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villagalijo | Villagalijo | Villagalijo is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 80 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wandal | Wandal | Wandal may refer to the following places:
Australia
Wandal, Queensland, a suburb in the Rockhampton Region, Queensland, Australia
India
Karnataka
Wandal, Nidagundi, a village in Basavana Bagevadi Taluk, Bijapur district
Wandal, Sindagi, a village in Sindgi Taluk, Bijapur district
Wandali, Karnataka, a village in Lingsugur Taluk, Raichur district
Maharashtra
Wandali, Maharashtra, a village in Teosa Taluka of Amravati district |
13161111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villagonzalo%20Pedernales | Villagonzalo Pedernales | Villagonzalo Pedernales is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1,043 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villalba%20de%20Duero | Villalba de Duero | Villalba de Duero is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 617 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos
Enclaves and exclaves |
13161122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villalbilla%20de%20Burgos | Villalbilla de Burgos | Villalbilla de Burgos is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 819 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villaldemiro | Villaldemiro | Villaldemiro is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 70 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villamayor%20de%20los%20Montes | Villamayor de los Montes | Villamayor de los Montes is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 224 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaaz | Plaaz | Plaaz is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
It is situated close to the cities Güstrow, Laage and Teterow.
Plaaz includes several villages such as Mierendorf, Wendorf and Zapkendorf. As of January 2005, both Spoitgendorf and Recknitz are incorporated in this municipality.
References |
13161140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villamayor%20de%20Trevi%C3%B1o | Villamayor de Treviño | Villamayor de Treviño is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 99 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villambistia | Villambistia | Villambistia is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 65 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prebberede | Prebberede | Prebberede is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
References |
13161150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villamedianilla | Villamedianilla | Villamedianilla is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 24 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161152 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reimershagen | Reimershagen | Reimershagen is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
References |
13161157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villamiel%20de%20la%20Sierra | Villamiel de la Sierra | Villamiel de la Sierra is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 38 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villang%C3%B3mez | Villangómez | Villangómez is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 315 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BChn | Rühn | Rühn is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
References |
13161171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villanueva%20de%20Arga%C3%B1o | Villanueva de Argaño | Villanueva de Argaño is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 126 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarmstorf | Sarmstorf | Sarmstorf is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
References |
13161175 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zepelin | Zepelin | Zepelin () is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is part of the Amt (administrative division) Bützow Land.
Geography
It is located in the rural region of northern Mecklenburg, on the road from Bützow to Schwaan and Güstrow. The Nebel River flows south of the village, reaching the Warnow at Bützow in the west.
History
The locality around a village green was founded by German settlers in the 12th century, after the Obotrite area had been conquered by the Saxon duke Henry the Lion. Cepelin in the Duchy of Mecklenburg was first mentioned in a deed issued on 1 May 1246, it was called Zepelin from 1334. A chapel was built in the 14th century, the present-day timber-frame structure was re-built after the devastations in the Thirty Years' War.
One Heynricus (Henry) de Cepelin appeared in a document executed on 17 September 1286. Already in the late 15th century, the Zep(p)elin noble family, raised to Reichsgrafen in 1792, had moved their residence to nearby Thürkow and Appelhagen. In 1910 a memorial was erected in the honour of Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin (1838–1917) outside the village.
References |
13161179 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villanueva%20de%20Carazo | Villanueva de Carazo | Villanueva de Carazo is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 30 inhabitants.
About northwest, over a steep mountain range, lies a valley in which the climactic cemetery scene in The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly was filmed. There are a few signs attesting to this, and the site is popular among tourists.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villanueva%20de%20Gumiel | Villanueva de Gumiel | Villanueva de Gumiel is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 288 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasdow | Wasdow | Wasdow is a village and a former municipality in the district of Rostock, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since 5 September 2005, it is part of the municipality Behren-Lübchin.
Villages in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania |
13161189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Pennington%20%28wrestler%29 | Harry Pennington (wrestler) | Harry Pennington (20 August 1902 in Leigh, Lancashire – 11 April 1995 in Leigh, Lancashire) was a British wrestler in the 1920s as he became the British champion of Catch Wrestling in 1926. He also taught Joe Reid who also went on to become a British Champion.
References
https://web.archive.org/web/20070204002806/http://www.britishwrestling.org/plibrary/seniordb/BSC1904_2001.pdf
http://archive.lancashireeveningtelegraph.co.uk/2006/8/24/924190.html
Sportspeople from Leigh, Greater Manchester
1902 births
1995 deaths
English male wrestlers |
13161195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schorssow | Schorssow | Schorssow is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
References |
13161198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villanueva%20de%20Teba | Villanueva de Teba | Villanueva de Teba is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 57 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villaquir%C3%A1n%20de%20la%20Puebla | Villaquirán de la Puebla | Villaquirán de la Puebla is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 57 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwasdorf | Schwasdorf | Schwasdorf is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
References |
13161212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villaquir%C3%A1n%20de%20los%20Infantes | Villaquirán de los Infantes | Villaquirán de los Infantes is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 187 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukow-Levitzow | Sukow-Levitzow | Sukow-Levitzow is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
References |
13161219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villarcayo%20de%20Merindad%20de%20Castilla%20la%20Vieja | Villarcayo de Merindad de Castilla la Vieja | Villarcayo de Merindad de Castilla la Vieja () is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 4,031 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villariezo | Villariezo | Villariezo is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2023 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 719 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%BCrkow | Thürkow | Thürkow is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
References |
13161235 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villasandino | Villasandino | Villasandino is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 240 inhabitants.
People from Villasandino
Diego Osorio Villegas (1540–1601): Soldier and Governor of Venezuela Province (1589–1597)
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkendorf | Walkendorf | Walkendorf is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. The former municipalities Boddin and Lühburg were merged into Walkendorf in May 2019.
References |
13161242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villasur%20de%20Herreros | Villasur de Herreros | Villasur de Herreros is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain.
According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 318 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161250 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villaverde%20del%20Monte | Villaverde del Monte | Villaverde del Monte is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 170 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villaverde-Mogina | Villaverde-Mogina | Villaverde-Mogina is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 109 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villayerno%20Morquillas | Villayerno Morquillas | Villayerno Morquillas is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 191 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sombrin | Sombrin | Sombrin () is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
Geography
Sombrin lies southwest of Arras, at the junction of the D59, D80 and D79 roads.
Population
Places of interest
Ruins of a sixteenth-century chateau.
The church of St. Vaast, also dating from the sixteenth century.
See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
References
Communes of Pas-de-Calais |
13161267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villazopeque | Villazopeque | Villazopeque is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 78 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161274 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villegas%2C%20Province%20of%20Burgos | Villegas, Province of Burgos | Villegas is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain.
It is in the valley of the River Brullés.
Demographics
According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 116 inhabitants. Villegas has suffered from demographic decline. This is particularly severe in the case of the locality of Villamorón, a neighbouring village which has been united with Villegas for centuries. It is now effectively abandoned, having only one resident.
Architecture
Both Villegas and Villamorón have churches which are large in relation to their current population (dedicated to Eugenia of Rome in the case of Villegas and James the Great in the case of Villamoron). The buildings have suffered some deterioration, but were given BIC status in the 1990s and have since been restored.
St James' Church, Villamorón dates from the 13th century.
St Eugenia's Church, Villegas is mainly 16th century, but retains some earlier work. It has defensive features including a stilt tower and a machicolation above the south door.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161277 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive%20Oyl%20for%20President | Olive Oyl for President | Olive Oyl for President is a 1948 entry in the Popeye the Sailor animated short subject series, produced by Famous Studios and released on January 30, 1948 by Paramount Pictures. The short is a reworking of a 1932 Betty Boop cartoon, Betty Boop for President, and depicts what Popeye imagines the world would be like if Olive Oyl were president.
Synopsis
The downtown streets of Popeye and Olive Oyl's town are flooded with crowds who have turned out to hear various presidential candidates trying to convince voters to elect them to the White House. Olive wonders aloud why no women are running for president, to which Popeye replies, "because they're too busy runnin' fer huskbands!"
Undaunted, Olive is certain what the United States needs is a female president, an idea Popeye ridicules mercilessly. Olive beans Popeye over the head with a frying pan, and shouts "Yes, if I were President..."
Unconscious, Popeye suddenly finds himself in a fantasy world where Olive herself is on stage appealing to voters in song. Olive promises luxuries such as clean streets decorated with bows, giant ice cream cones for children, and creative solutions to public transportation and housing shortages. She has a "special Cabinet" composed of handsome male film stars Alan Ladd, Bing Crosby, Bob Hope, William Holden, and Ray Milland. The once skeptical Popeye now applauds his girlfriend's dream, and, to his delight, Olive wins the election. She becomes the country's first female President, and quickly tames a Congress populated with literal representations of the two major political parties: donkey Democrats and elephant Republicans).
Popeye awakens from his dream with a changed heart, and Olive Oyl soon finds herself riding a parade float, dressed as the Statue of Liberty. Standing beside her, an enthusiastic Popeye shouts into the crowd as a mock auctioneer, "For Presidink...Olive Oyl... Sold to America!"
Voice Cast
Jack Mercer as Popeye the Sailor
Mae Questel as Olive Oyl
Jackson Beck as Gibberish-Speaking Candidate
Sid Raymond as Additional Voices
Notes and comments
Many of the gags and situations in Olive Oyl for President are reworked from Betty Boop for President, produced by Famous Studios' predecessor Fleischer Studios in 1932. Newly created Famous cartoon character Little Audrey from the Noveltoon Santa's Surprise is seen briefly licking a giant ice cream cone; Audrey's first starring short, Butterscotch and Soda, would be released six months after Olive Oyl for President. Olive Oyl for President was also double-featured with the Little Lulu short, The Dog Show-Off, which was the final Little Lulu short after Famous Studios decided not to renew the license to Marjorie Henderson Buell for the Little Lulu character, and had created Little Audrey (as mentioned before). All five cartoons shared the same voice actress, Mae Questel.
Olive Oyl's version of the "If I Were President" song (an earlier version appeared in Betty Boop for President) was parodied in a track of the same name from Bizarre Ride II the Pharcyde, the 1992 debut album by hip hop group The Pharcyde.
It is also the Popeye cartoon whose ending title music was reused in many A.A.P. Popeye TV prints, but in the DVD/Blu-ray version, Popeye the Sailor: The 1940s, Volume 3, the ending music from Abusement Park was used instead.
References
External links
Olive Oyl for President on Daily Motion
1948 short films
1948 animated films
1940s American animated films
Popeye the Sailor theatrical cartoons
American political comedy films
Short film remakes
Cinecolor films
Films directed by Isadore Sparber
Paramount Pictures short films
1940s English-language films
American animated short films
Films scored by Winston Sharples
English-language short films |
13161281 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villoruebo | Villoruebo | Villoruebo is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 64 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20de%20Malabo | Estadio de Malabo | Estadio de Malabo is a multi-purpose stadium in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, opened in 2007 and currently used mostly for football matches. With a seating capacity of about 15,250, it serves as the home ground of the Equatorial Guinea national football team.
It was one of the host stadiums for the 2012 and 2015 editions of the Africa Cup of Nations as well as the scene for the final of the 2008 African Women's Championship. Local football teams Atlético Malabo, Atlético Semu, Deportivo Unidad, Sony Elá Nguema, The Panthers and Vegetarianos all play their league games at this stadium.
It sits on the site of the original national stadium where political opponents of the inaugural president of Equatorial Guinea, Francisco Macías Nguema, were executed by a firing squad on 24 December 1969 while Mary Hopkin's rendition of "Those Were the Days" was played on the stadium's speakers.
Further reading
External links
Daum Café Pictures
Stadium Pictures
Ffussbastempel Pictures (archived link; actual link currently unresponsive)
StadiumGuide Pictures
Football venues in Equatorial Guinea
Athletics (track and field) venues in Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea
Buildings and structures in Malabo
Multi-purpose stadiums in Equatorial Guinea
2012 Africa Cup of Nations
2015 Africa Cup of Nations
Sports venues completed in 2007 |
13161289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizca%C3%ADnos | Vizcaínos | Vizcaínos is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 57 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorrus | Sorrus | Sorrus is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
Geography
Sorrus lies 2 miles (3 km) west of Montreuil-sur-Mer at the junction of the D144 and the D145 roads.
Population
Places of interest
The church of St.Riqiuer, dating from the sixteenth century
Traces of the 16th century Château-Bleu.
The nineteenth century Château de la Bruyère.
See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
References
Communes of Pas-de-Calais |
13161296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarzosa%20de%20R%C3%ADo%20Pisuerga | Zarzosa de Río Pisuerga | Zarzosa de Río Pisuerga () is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 52 inhabitants.
Recent history
On 11 August 2012, six people (3 young women and 3 children), residents of Zarzosa, who had been to the fiesta of San Llorente de la Vega (12 km away), were on their way back by car to their homes in Zarzosa. When they came to the bridge over the Castile Canal close to Naveros de Pisuerga, the car left the road and fell into the lock on the Castile Canal, where all 6 were drowned.
The protective barricades which should have prevented this tragedy did not meet the regulations and were not correctly fixed to the ground.
Medieval and modern history
Zarzosa is mentioned for the first time in a document from the year 969. This document is the deed of donation of the monastery of Santa Columba of Zarzosa by its owners, Félix Gutiérrez and his wife Elvira, to the abbot of the monastery of Rezmondo.
A century later, in 1071, the king of Castile, Sancho II the Strong, delivered to Bermudo Sendínez the monastery of Rezmondo with its subsidiary houses of Santa Columba of Zarzosa and San Miguel of Támara.
In 1073, Bermudo Sendínez entered the monastery of San Pedro of Cardeña and donated to it the monastery of Rezmondo and the dependent houses of Santa Columba of Zarzosa and San Miguel de Támara.
In 1514 Zarzosa council bought from the monastery of San Pedro of Cardeña all its properties in Zarzosa, properties which had belonged to the ancient monastery of Santa Columba, including the mill which from then on and for centuries formed part of the assets of Zarzosa council.
Zarzosa council had “since time immemorial” enjoyed the privilege of jurisdictional immunity: the king’s officials could not enter with authority to command or make orders of jurisdiction in Zarzosa council or within its boundaries. Several nearby councils also enjoyed the same privilege of immunity: Castrillo de Riopisuerga, Olmos de Pisuerga, Tagarrosa and Valtierra de Riopisuerga.
We do not know since when or why these council immunities were granted, but one hypothesis is that they were possibly related with the proximity of the frontier with the Cantabrians. If that were so, these immunities could be much older than they are generally thought to be. The jurisdictional immunity of Zarzosa appears confirmed enshrined in the Firm Judgement of Villazgo (1571)
Zarzosa was a “behetría de mar a mar” belonging to the Local District of Monzón de Campos.
Due to this status, Zarzosa council could choose their lord and dismiss him and change him as often as they wanted. The Judgment of Villazgo of Zarzosa contains various allusions to this status as “behetría de mar a mar”, with freedom to elect the lord, and there are various documents in which Zarzosa council commends itself to the Condestables of Castile and others in which it removes itself from that lordship, in exercising its rights as “behetría de mar a mar”.
A royal judgement of Philip II in 1571 declared Zarzosa a municipality with its “civil and criminal jurisdiction, high, low, mere or mixed political authority, with all its tributes and taxes and all the rest of the lordship and jurisdiction in that municipality through belonging to His Majesty and the crown”.
According to the ancient Ordinances of the Town Council (1725), Zarzosa was a town whose residents were all taxpayers and where the nobles or hidalgos were prohibited from taking up residence. This prohibition, which also existed in other urban centres of Castile, probably has to do with that character of “behetría de mar a mar”. “Behetría” is understood as the town or place which does not admit, or consent, to hidalgos or nobles in its vicinity, as can be seen from the Dictionary of Authorities of the R.A.E. (1726–1739)
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161301 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zazuar | Zazuar | Zazuar () is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 267 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zu%C3%B1eda | Zuñeda | Zuñeda is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2021 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 56 inhabitants.
References
Municipalities in the Province of Burgos |
13161313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souastre | Souastre | Souastre is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
Geography
Souastre lies southwest of Arras, at the junction of the D2, D6 and D23 roads.
Population
Places of interest
Ruins of a watermill.
The church of St.Vaast, dating from the seventeenth century.
See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
References
Communes of Pas-de-Calais |
13161321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ever%20Hern%C3%A1ndez | Ever Hernández | Francisco Éver Hernández Rodríguez (born December 11, 1958) is a retired football player from El Salvador who represented his country at the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain.
Club career
Hernández began his career playing for hometown club C.D Santiagueño with whom he won a domestic league title in 1980 but he left them after relegation for C.D. FAS, winning another championship in 1984. He also clinched the top goalscorer award in 1984 with 17 goals. He retired early at only 28 years, after a final league season with Alianza.
International career
He became a hero after scoring a historical goal against Mexico to qualify El Salvador to the 1982 FIFA World Cup.
Hernández scored 13 goals for the El Salvador national football team from 1976 to 1985. He has represented his country in 11 FIFA World Cup qualification matches.
Retirement
After his career, Hernández moved to the United States in 1991 to become a car salesman in Los Angeles. He is married and has three children.
Honours
Primera División de Fútbol de El Salvador: 2
1980, 1984
References
External links
Biography - La Tribuna
1958 births
Living people
People from Usulután Department
Men's association football forwards
Salvadoran men's footballers
1982 FIFA World Cup players
C.D. FAS footballers
Alianza F.C. footballers
El Salvador men's international footballers |
13161332 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Souich | Le Souich | Le Souich (; ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
Geography
Le Souich is situated southwest of Arras, at the junction of the D59 and the D257 roads, on the border with the department of the Somme.
Population
See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
References
Souich |
13161335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950%20Divizia%20A | 1950 Divizia A | The 1949-’50 Divizia A was the thirty-third season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.
Teams
League table
Results
Top goalscorers
Champion squad
See also
1950 Divizia B
References
Liga I seasons
Romania
Romania
1
1 |
13161338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uiwang%20Station | Uiwang Station | Uiwang Station (Station P152) is a ground-level metro station on line 1 of the Seoul Subway in Uiwang, South Korea. The station's four exits offer access to the Korea National University of Transportation, the Korean Railroad Museum and the Bugok Dong area of Uiwang. Travel time from Uiwang Station to Seoul Station on Line 1 is 50 minutes.
Disambiguation
"Uiwang Station" is also the former name of what is now known as Obong Station. The two are separate entities.
History
Uiwang Station opened on May 1, 1944, under the name of Bugok Station (부곡역/富谷驛), a name taken from the "dong" in which it is located. Trains on the Seoul Subway began calling at the station on August 15, 1974. The current station building was completed on February 17, 2002. On June 25, 2004, the station changed its name to Uiwang and almost three years later, on February 20, 2007, the hanja name changed from 儀旺驛 to 義王驛.
Services
The first train of the day on weekdays (not including national holidays) is at 5.22 a.m. northbound and 5.29 a.m. southbound, while the last is at 12.01 a.m. northbound and 12.14 a.m. southbound. Northbound trains have various destinations. Some terminate at Guro, some at Dongmyo, others at Cheongnyangni, while some continue as far as Kwangwoon University or . None, however, continue beyond Kwangwoon University or , so if travel beyond is required, it is necessary to change trains. Some southbound trains terminate at Byeongjeom or , while the remainder continue to Cheonan or further south-west to .
References
Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations
Metro stations in Uiwang
Railway stations in South Korea opened in 1944 |
13161343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surques | Surques | Surques (; ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
Geography
Surques is located some 15 miles (24 km) west of Saint-Omer, on the D215 road, in the valley of the Hem river.
Population
Transport
The Chemin de fer de Boulogne à Bonningues (CF de BB) opened a station at Surques on 22 April 1900. Passenger services were withdrawn on 31 December 1935. They were reinstated in November 1942. The CF de BB closed in 1948.
Places of interest
The church of Saints Crépin-et-Crépinien, dating from the sixteenth century.
The remains of the medieval Manoir de Brugnobois.
See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
References
Sources
Communes of Pas-de-Calais |
13161350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLXV | KLXV | KLXV may refer to:
The ICAO airport code for Lake County Airport (Colorado)
KLXV (FM), a radio station (91.9 FM) licensed to Glenwood Springs, Colorado, United States |
13161359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa%20Bighi | Villa Bighi | Royal Naval Hospital Bighi (RNH Bighi) also known as Bighi Hospital, was a major naval hospital located in the small town of Kalkara on the island of Malta. It was built on the site of the gardens of Palazzo Bichi, that was periodically known as Palazzo Salvatore. RNH Bighi served the eastern Mediterranean in the 19th and 20th centuries and, in conjunction with the RN Hospital at Mtarfa, contributed to the nursing and medical care of casualties whenever hostilities occurred in the Mediterranean. The building is now known as Villa Bighi and it houses a restoration unit.
History
Palazzo Bichi
On the site of the current building is Palazzo Bichi (now Palazzo Bighi) also known as Villa Bichi, built in 1675 during the Order of St. John by Fra Giovanni Bichi on the designs of Lorenzo Gafa. Fra Giovanni Bichi was the nephew of Pope Alexander VII. The palace passed to his nephew Fra Mario Bichi, a member of the Order, even before it was finished as Fra Giovanni Bichi had died. He sold it to Bailiff Fra Giovanni Sigismondo, who was the Count of Schaesberg, in 1712. It was then known as Palazzo Salvatore and Gardens because of the hill being named Salvatore Hill.
The palace became known again as Palazzo Bichi after it was bought by another Fra Giovanni Bichi in 1712 and remained his until his death in 1740. The palace is said to have housed Napoleon Bonaparte in 1798 before his entry in Valletta but this is disputed. The building was used for quarantine for high officials during the rule of the Order of St John, such as by the Inquisitor Monsignor Paolo Passionei.
Since the arrival of the British military in Malta it started to be known (since 1799) as Villa Bighi particularly because of the references to it by Sir Alexander Ball. Most palaces in Malta built by the Order started to be referred to as Villas by the British, and particularly the word Bichi of Villa Bichi was corrupted to Villa Bighi. Even before his arrival, the site was chosen by Nelson to build a naval hospital since 1803.
The palace, or villa, and its garden become a public building of the Civil Government during the British Protectorate but was left to dilapidate. The building served as a cholera epidemic hospital in 1813-4. It was only with the intervention of King George IV in 1827 when it was granted permission to develop the site of the gardens, and turn them in the present Bighi Hospital. This happened on the request of the Maltese governor Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby. The original villa, Villa Bichi, is today housing an educational center known as Esplora as well as the offices of the government entity Xjenza Malta. Palazzo Bichi is scheduled as a Grade 1 national monument by the Planning Authority.
Villa Bighi
In 1829 four Egyptian limestone stelae, that pre-date the Phoenician period in Malta, were found on the site by British archaeologists. Phoenician remains bearing inscriptions were also found that are now displayed at the British Museum. On the request of the British Royal Navy to the Governor the site was handed over in 1830 to build the Royal Navy Bighi Hospital. The building was designed by the eldest son of Saverio Scerri. The building cost roughly £20,000 and started operating in 1832. It accommodated 200 beds and it roughly gave service to 800 navy sailors per year. The design of Bighi Hospital is generally attributed to Colonel (later Major General) Sir George Whitmore (1775–1862) who headed the Royal Engineers between 1811 and 1829. The foundation stone was laid by Vice Admiral Sir Pulteney Malcolm on 23 March 1830. The works were completed on 24 September 1832, at a total cost of £20,000. The West and East Wings' architecture is in the modern Doric style and built with high floors. The hospital has three separate building and are known as Villa Bighi. It should not be confused with Villa Bichi, built in 1675. The Surgical (also known as the General Hospital Block) and the Zymotic Blocks were built in 1901 and 1903 respectively.
Service
Bighi Hospital contributed to the nursing and medical care of casualties whenever hostilities occurred in the Mediterranean, making Malta "the nurse of the Mediterranean".
The hospital's first director (1827–1844) was John Liddell. He was later appointed director-general of the Royal Navy's Medical Department, and during his office Bighi nursed casualties from the Crimean War.
In 1863 the hospital looked after Queen Victoria's son Prince Alfred who was ill for a month with typhoid fever whilst serving as an officer in the RN. He recovered from his illness. The Illustrated London News of 11 April 1863 included a detailed description of how the prince was quartered and the layout of the hospital.
During the First World War, RNH Bighi accommodated a very large number of casualties from the Daradanelles. During the Second World War, the Hospital was well within the target area of the heavy bombing since it was surrounded by military establishments. A number of its buildings were damaged or destroyed, including the x-ray theatre, the East and West Wings, the Villa and the Cot Lift from the Bighi Jetty to the Hospital. Among several doctors and nurses of renown to serve here were Doris Beale.
Closure and subsequent site usage
In 1967, during the second rundown of the British services and their employees in Malta, Bighi Hospital was on the brink of closing down. On 17 September 1970 Bighi was closed down indefinitely.
In 1977 parts of the building were occupied by the former Senglea Trade School while other sections accommodated a secondary school.
Since 2010 the site has housed the head office of Heritage Malta; the national agency for museums, conservation practice and cultural heritage.
Further reading
History (Villa Bighi)
See also
List of hospitals and hospital ships of the Royal Navy
References
Hospital buildings completed in 1832
Defunct hospitals in Malta
British military hospitals
1830s establishments in Malta
Kalkara
Neoclassical architecture in Malta
1970 disestablishments in Malta
Hospitals disestablished in 1970 |
13161364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiocyanogen | Thiocyanogen | Thiocyanogen, (SCN)2, is a pseudohalogen derived from the pseudohalide thiocyanate, [SCN]−, with behavior intermediate between dibromine and diiodine. This hexatomic compound exhibits C2 point group symmetry and has the connectivity NCS-SCN.
In the lungs, lactoperoxidase may oxidize thiocyanate to thiocyanogen or hypothiocyanite.
History
Berzelius first proposed that thiocyanogen ought exist as part of his radical theory, but the compound's isolation proved problematic. Liebig pursued a wide variety of synthetic routes for the better part of a century, but, even with Wöhler's assistance, only succeeded in producing a complex mixture with the proportions of thiocyanic acid. In 1861, Linnemann generated appreciable quantities of thiocyanogen from a silver thiocyanate suspension in diethyl ether and excess iodine, but misidentified the minor product as sulfur iodide cyanide (ISCN). Indeed, that reaction suffers from competing equilibria attributed to the weak oxidizing power of iodine; the major product is sulfur dicyanide. The following year, Schneider produced thiocyangen from silver thiocyanate and disulfur dichloride, but the product disproportionated to sulfur and trisulfur dicyanides.
The subject then lay fallow until the 1910s, when Niels Bjerrum began investigating gold thiocyanate complexes. Some eliminated reductively and reversibly, whereas others appeared to irreversibly generate cyanide and sulfate salt solutions. Understanding the process required reanalyzing the decomposition of thiocyanogen using the then-new techniques of physical chemistry. Bjerrum's work revealed that water catalyzed thiocyanogen's decomposition via hypothiocyanous acid. Moreover, the oxidation potential of thiocyanogen appeared to be 0.769 V, slightly greater than iodine but less than bromine. In 1919, Söderbäck successfully isolated stable thiocyanogen from oxidation of oxidation of plumbous thiocyanate with bromine.
Preparation
Modern syntheses typically differ little from Söderbäck's process. Thiocyanogen synthesis begins when aqueous solutions of lead(II) nitrate and sodium thiocyanate, combined, precipitate plumbous thiocyanate. Treating an anhydrous Pb(SCN)2 suspension in glacial acetic acid with bromine then affords a 0.1M solution of thiocyanogen that is stable for days. Alternatively, a solution of bromine in methylene chloride is added to a suspension of Pb(SCN)2 in methylene chloride at 0 °C.
Pb(SCN)2 + Br2 → (SCN)2 + PbBr2
In either case, the oxidation is exothermic.
An alternative technique is the thermal decomposition of cupric thiocyanate at 35–80 °C:
2Cu(SCN)2 → CuSCN + (SCN)2
Reactions
In general, thiocyanogen is stored in solution, as the pure compound explodes above 20 °C to a red-orange polymer. However, the sulfur atoms disproportionate in water:
3(SCN)2 + 4H2O → H2SO4 + HCN + 5HSCN
Thiocyanogen is a weak electrophile, attacking only highly activated (phenolic or anilinic) or polycyclic arenes. It attacks carbonyls at the α position. Heteratoms are attacked more easily, and the compound thiocyanates sulfur, nitrogen, and various poor metals. It adds trans to alkenes to give 1,2-bis(thiocyanato) compounds; the intermediate thiiranium ion can be trapped with many nucleophiles. Radical polymerization is the most likely side-reaction, and yields improve when cold and dark. However, the addition reaction is slow, and light may be necessary to accelerate the process. Titanacyclopentadienes give (Z,Z)-1,4-bis(thiocyanato)-1,3-butadienes, which in turn can be converted to 1,2-dithiins. Thiocyanogen only adds once to alkynes; the resulting dithiocyanatoacyloin is not particularly olefinic. Selenocyanogen, (SeCN)2, prepared from reaction of silver selenocyanate with iodine in tetrahydrofuran at 0 °C, reacts in a similar manner to thiocyanogen.
Applications
Thiocyanogen has been used to estimate the degree of unsaturation in fatty acids, similar to the iodine value.
References
Inorganic carbon compounds
Inorganic sulfur compounds
Inorganic nitrogen compounds
Thiocyanates
Pseudohalogens |
13161375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sus-Saint-L%C3%A9ger | Sus-Saint-Léger | Sus-Saint-Léger is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
Geography
Sus-Saint-Léger lies southwest of Arras, at the junction of the D23 and D59 roads and on the border with the department of the Somme.
Population
Places of interest
The church of St.Leger, dating from the sixteenth century.
The eighteenth-century chateau.
A seventeenth-century manor house.
Traces of a feudal motte
See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
References
Sussaintleger |
13161385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o%20Paulo%20%28footballer%2C%20born%20June%201985%29 | João Paulo (footballer, born June 1985) | João Paulo de Oliveira (born 13 June 1985 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a Brazilian footballer currently playing for Novorizontino.
He has played for Brasil de Pelotas, Madureira, Glória, Juventude in Brazil, Germinal and Bornem in the Belgian second division as well.
Honours
Olhanense
Liga de Honra: 2008-09
Grêmio Novorizontino
Campeonato Paulista Série A2: 2015
Novo Hamburgo
Campeonato Gaúcho: 2017
External links
Living people
1985 births
Footballers from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série D players
Belgian Pro League players
Primeira Liga players
Grêmio Esportivo Brasil players
Madureira Esporte Clube players
Beerschot A.C. players
Esporte Clube Juventude players
Grêmio Esportivo Glória players
C.F. Os Belenenses players
S.C. Olhanense players
Veranópolis Esporte Clube Recreativo e Cultural players
Esporte Clube Pelotas players
Clube Atlético Linense players
Associação Chapecoense de Futebol players
Guaratinguetá Futebol players
Esporte Clube Passo Fundo players
Clube Atlético Penapolense players
Grêmio Novorizontino players
Esporte Clube Novo Hamburgo players
Sociedade Esportiva e Recreativa Caxias do Sul players
21st-century Brazilian sportsmen |
13161391 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Chauss%C3%A9e | La Chaussée | La Chausée may refer to:
People
Pierre-Claude Nivelle de La Chaussée, a French dramatist
Places
La Chaussée, Seine-Maritime, a commune of France in the Seine-Maritime department
La Chaussée, Vienne, a commune of France in the Vienne department
La Chaussée-d'Ivry, a commune of France in the Eure-et-Loir department
La Chaussée-Saint-Victor, a commune of France in the Loir-et-Cher department
La Chaussée-sur-Marne, a commune of France in the Marne department
La Chaussée-Tirancourt, a commune of France in the Somme department |
13161393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump%20House%2C%20Bristol | Pump House, Bristol | The Pump House is an historic pub in Hotwells on Bristol Harbour, Bristol, England. It is a grade II listed building.
Building
Originally known as the Cumberland Basin Hydraulic Engine House, the Pump House was constructed around 1870 by Thomas Howard to house a hydraulic pump that powered bridges and lock gates around the harbour. It was replaced by the current Hydraulic engine house at Underfall Yard in 1888. and is now a public house and restaurant.
It is built of Pennant rubble bricks, with limestone dressings and a roof made from pantiles. The main building is one storey high, 4 windows across. In addition, there is a two-story accumulator tower to the left hand side of the building. The dressings include pronounced quoins, jambs and voussoirs. The entrance is a wide elliptical-arch, which would have been large enough for carriages, and there is a large semicircular-arched window to the left of the entrance. The right-hand section of the building is set back slightly and has a small semicircular-arched doorway with a narrow window above. The accumulator tower has its own semicircular-arched doorway, and narrow window above. At the top of the tower, there is a wrought-iron weather vane, and on the left side there is a large arrowslit. The building was designated a grade II listed building on 18 February 1972.
Restaurant
The building was converted into a pub, and was taken over by the current chef, Toby Gritten, on 11 July 2007. Around this time, the building had an extensive refurbishment, including an internal mezzanine, where the restaurant is located, a bar on the ground floor and a terrace outside. Gritten won the Best Chef award at the Bristol Good Food Awards in 2013.
References
External links
The Pump House
Infrastructure completed in 1870
Bristol Harbourside
Grade II listed pubs in Bristol |
13161404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchess%20of%20Richmond%27s%20ball | Duchess of Richmond's ball | The Duchess of Richmond's Ball was a ball hosted by Charlotte Lennox, Duchess of Richmond in Brussels on 15 June 1815, the night before the Battle of Quatre Bras. Charlotte's husband Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond, was in command of a reserve force in Brussels, which was protecting that city in case Napoleon Bonaparte invaded.
Elizabeth Longford described it as "the most famous ball in history". "The ball was certainly a brilliant affair", at which "with the exception of three generals, every officer high in Wellington's army was there to be seen".
The proceedings were interrupted soon after the arrival of the Duke of Wellington, when he was notified of Napoleon's unexpected advance on the nearby crossroads of Quatre Bras. This forced him to depart after ordering his officers to leave to join their regiments. Some of the officers would soon die in battle and the poignancy of the drama has provided an enduring theme for artists, novelists and poets.
The ball
According to Lady Georgiana, a daughter of the Duchess:
Lady Louisa, another of the Duchess's daughters, recalled:
While the exact order of the dances at this ball is not known, there is a comment from a contemporary critical observer about the season in Brussels:
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington with his intimate staff arrived some time between 11 pm. and midnight. Shortly before supper, which started around 1 am, Lieutenant Henry Webster, an aide-de-camp to William, Prince of Orange, arrived with a message for the Prince. The Prince handed it to Wellington, who pocketed it unopened. A short time later Wellington read the message — written at around 10 pm, it reported that Prussian forces had been forced by the French to retreat from Fleurus. As Fleurus is north-east of Charleroi this meant that the French had crossed the river Sambre (although Wellington couldn't tell from this message in what strength) — Wellington requested the Prince to return to his headquarters immediately, and then, after issuing a few more orders, went into supper, where he sat between Lady Frances Wedderburn-Webster and Lady Georgiana Lennox. To his surprise the Prince of Orange returned and in a whisper informed him of another dispatch, this one sent by Baron Rebecque to the Prince's headquarters at Braine-le-Comte, and timed at 10:30 pm. It informed the Prince that the French had pushed up the main Charleroi to Brussels road nearly as far as Quatre Bras. After repeating to the Prince that he should return to his headquarters, Wellington continued to sit at the table and make small talk for 20 minutes more, before announcing that he would retire to bed. He rose from the supper-table and:
The atmosphere in the room changed when news circulated among the guests that the French were crossing the border:
Katherine Arden, daughter of Richard Arden, 1st Baron Alvanley, described the events towards the end of the ball and the rest of the night:
Ballroom
At the time of the ball no accurate record was kept of the location of the ballroom. In 1887 a plan of the house was published by Lady de Ros (daughter of the Duchess of Richmond), provided by her brother, who were both resident in the house. It was later reprinted in "Reminiscences of Lady de Ros" by the Hon. Mrs J. R. Swinton, her daughter.
Sir William Fraser examined the site and concluded that the room proposed as the ballroom by Lady de Ros was too small a space for the number of people who attended the ball. A short time after his visit, he wrote a letter to The Times which was published on 25 August 1888. He reported that he had likely discovered the room and that it was not part of the principal property that the Duke of Richmond had rented on the Rue des Cendres, but was a coach house that backed onto the property and had an address in the next street, the Rue de la Blanchisserie. The room had dimensions of long, broad, and about high (the low ceiling was a case where reality impinged on one meaning of Lord Byron's artistic allusion to "that high hall").
Research by lawyer P. Duvivier and published by Fleischman and Aerts in their 1956 book Bruxelles pendant la bataille de Waterloo put forward an alternative theory. It proposes that, unknown to Fraser, the coach house used as a ballroom had been demolished by the time of his investigations and that the building he assumed was the ballroom was not built until after 1815.
List of invitations
The following were sent invitations to the ball:
Major-General Prince of Orange (wounded at Waterloo)
Prince Frederic of Orange-Nassau
Duke of Brunswick (killed at Quatre-Bras)
Prince of Nassau-Weilburg
Duc d'Arenberg
Prince Auguste d'Arenberg
Prince Pierre d'Arenberg
Baron Joseph van der Linden d'Hooghvorst (Mayor of Brussels)
Duc and Duchesse de Beaufort-Spontin, and their daughter
Duc and Duchesse d'Ursel
Marquis and Marquise d'Assche
Comte and Comtesse d'Oultremont
Comtesse Douairière d'Oultremont, and her daughters
Comte and Comtesse de Liedekerke-Beaufort
Comte and Comtesse Auguste de Liedekerke, and their daughter
Comte and Comtesse de La Tour du Pin
Comte and Comtesse de Mercy-Argenteau
Comte and Comtesse de Grasiac
Comte de Belgade
Comte de la Rochefoucauld
Comtesse de Luiny
Comtesse de Ruilly
Baron and Baroness d'Hooghvorst, and their son and daughter
Baron and Baroness van der Capellen
Baron de Herelt
Baron de Tuybe
Baron Brockhausen
Lieutenant-General Carlo Pozzo di Borgo (Russian envoy; wounded)
General Karl von Vincent (Austrian envoy; wounded at Waterloo)
General Miguel Ricardo de Álava (Spanish ambassador to The Hague)
General d'Oudenarde
Colonel Ducayler
Colonel Tripp, ADC
Colonel Jakob von Washington
Major Ronnchenberg, ADC
Captain de Lubeck, ADC to the Duke of Brunswick
Field-Marshal Duke of Wellington
Lieutenant-General Earl of Uxbridge (commanded the cavalry; lost a leg at Waterloo)
Lieutenant-Colonel Earl of Portarlington, 23rd Light Dragoons
Captain Earl of March, 52nd Foot, ADC to the Prince of Orange
Earl and Countess Conyngham, and their children Viscount Mount Charles, Hon. Francis Conyngham, and Lady Elizabeth Conyngham
Countess of Mountnorris, and her stepdaughter Lady Juliana Maxwell-Barry
Dowager Countess Waldegrave
Viscountess Hawarden
Lieutenant-General Lord Hill (commanded the II Corps)
Lord Rendlesham
Lord Apsley
Lady Alvanley, and her daughters Hon. Frances Arden and Hon. Katherine Arden
Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Saltoun
Ensign Lord Hay, ADC to Major-General Maitland (killed at Quatre Bras)
Major-General Lord Robert Somerset (commanded the Household Brigade of Cavalry; wounded at Waterloo)
Lieutenant-Colonel Lord FitzRoy Somerset (lost an arm at Waterloo) and Lady Fitzroy Somerset (neither were present)
Lord and Lady John Somerset
Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Robert Manners, 10th Hussars (wounded)
Captain Lord Charles FitzRoy, 1st Foot Guards
Captain Lord Arthur Hill, ADC
Lieutenant Lord George Lennox, ADC to Wellington
Lord and Lady George Seymour, and their daughter
Lady Frances and Mr Wedderburn-Webster
Lady Caroline and Mr Capel, and their daughter
Lady Charlotte and Mr Greville
Admiral Sir James Gambier
Admiral Sir Sidney Smith and Lady Smith, and Miss Rumbolds
Rear-Admiral Sir Pulteney Malcolm
Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Clinton (commanded the 2nd Division) and Lady Clinton
Lieutenant-General Sir John Elley (deputy Adjutant-General of Cavalry; wounded at Waterloo)
Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Picton (commanded 5th Division; killed at Waterloo)
Major-General Sir Edward Barnes (Adjutant-General; wounded at Waterloo)
Major-General Sir John Byng (commanded the 2nd Brigade of Guards)
Major-General Sir James Kempt (commanded the 8th Brigade)
Major-General Sir Denis Pack (commanded the 9th Brigade; wounded)
Major-General Sir William Ponsonby (commanded the Union Brigade of cavalry; killed at Waterloo)
Major-General Sir Hussey Vivian (commanded the 6th Cavalry Brigade)
Colonel Sir Colin Campbell, ADC
Colonel Sir William Howe De Lancey (died of wounds received at Waterloo) and Lady De Lancey (neither were present)
Colonel Sir George Wood, Royal Artillery
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Andrew Barnard (commanded the 1st Battalion the 95th Foot (Rifles); wounded)
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Henry Bradford (wounded)
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Alexander Gordon, ADC (killed at Waterloo)
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Robert Hill (brother of Lord Hill; wounded)
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Thomas Hill (brother of Lord Hill)
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir George Scovell (commanded the Staff Corps of Cavalry)
Sir George and Lady Berkeley
Sir James and Lady Craufurd, and their daughter
Sir William and Lady Johnstone
Sir Charles Stuart (Minister at Brussels) and Mr Stuart
Lady Sutton and Miss Sutton
Hon. Mrs William Wellesley-Pole
Colonel Hon. Frederick Ponsonby (severely wounded)
Hon. Colonel Abercromby, Guards (wounded)
Hon. Colonel Acheson, Guards
Hon. Colonel Stanhope, Guards
Hon. Colonel Stewart (wounded)
Major Hon. George Dawson (wounded)
Major Hon. Henry Percy, ADC to the Duke of Wellington (delivered news of the victory to London along with two Imperial Eagles and dispatches)
Captain Hon. O. Bridgeman, ADC to Lord Hill (wounded)
Captain Hon. George Gore, 85th Foot, ADC to Sir James Kempt
Captain Hon. Francis Russell, ADC
Lieutenant Hon. George Cathcart, ADC to the Duke of Wellington
Ensign Hon. Seymour Bathurst, ADC to Major-General Maitland
Ensign Hon. Hastings Forbes (killed at Waterloo)
Ensign Hon. John Montagu, Coldstream Guards (wounded)
Ensign Hon. William Stopford
Hon. Ensign Edgecombe
Hon. Ensign Forbes
Hon. Lionel Dawson, 18th Light Dragoons
Hon. John Gordon
Hon. Mr Percival
General Francis Dundas
Lieutenant-General George Cooke (commanded the 1st Division; lost his right arm at Waterloo)
Major-General Frederick Adam (not present; commanded the 3rd Infantry Brigade)
Major-General Peregrine Maitland (commanded the 1st Brigade of Guards)
Colonel Edward Bowater, 3rd Foot Guards (wounded)
Colonel John Cameron, 92nd Foot (killed at Quatre Bras)
Colonel Cumming, 18th Light Dragoons
Colonel Robert Dick, 42nd Foot (wounded)
Colonel Fremantle, ADC
Colonel William Fuller, 1st Dragoon Guards (killed at Waterloo)
Colonel Felton Hervey-Bathurst, ADC
Colonel Charles Rowan, 52nd Regiment of Foot (wounded)
Colonel Robert Torrens, 1st West Indies Regiment
Colonel Alexander Woodford
Colonel Henry Wyndham, Coldstream Guards (severely wounded)
Lieutenant-Colonel D. Barclay, 1st Foot Guards, ADC to the Duke of York and Albany
Major Thomas Hunter Blair, 91st Foot (wounded)
Major Chatham Horace Churchill, 1st Foot Guards, ADC to Lord Hill and QMG
Major James Gunthorpe, 1st Foot Guards, ADC to General Maitland
Major Hamilton, 4th West Indies Regiment, ADC to Sir Edward Barnes
Major Thomas Noel Harris, Brigade-Major to Sir Hussey Vivian (lost an arm at Waterloo)
Captain C. Allix, 1st Foot Guards
Captain George Bowles, Coldstream Guards
Captain F. Dawkins, 1st Foot Guards, ADC
Captain Disbrowe, 1st Foot Guards, ADC to Lieutenant-General Cooke
Captain Henry Dumaresq, 9th Foot, ADC to Sir John Byng (wounded in the chest by a musket ball while delivering a dispatch to the Duke of Wellington)
Captain James Drummond Elphinstone, 7th Hussars (taken prisoner on 17 June)
Captain Charles Augustus FitzRoy, Royal Horse Guards
Captain James Fraser, 7th Hussars (wounded)
Captain John Gurwood, 10th Hussars (wounded)
Captain Robert Bamford Hesketh, 3rd Foot Guards (wounded)
Captain Clement Hill, 1st Foot Guards (brother of Lord Hill; wounded)
Captain Edward Keane, 7th Hussars, ADC to Sir Hussey Vivian
Captain D. Mackworth, 7th Foot, ADC to Lord Hill
Captain Pakenham, Royal Artillery
Captain A. Shakespear, 10th Hussars
Captain C. Smyth, 95th Foot (Rifles), Brigade-Major to Sir Denis Pack (killed at Waterloo)
Captain Henry Somerset, 18th Hussars, ADC to Lord Robert Somerset
Captain William Verner, 7th Hussars (wounded)
Captain H. Webster, 9th Light Dragoons
Captain Thomas Wildman, 7th Hussars, ADC to Lord Uxbridge (wounded)
Captain Charles Yorke, 52nd Foot, ADC to Major-General Adam (not present)
Lieutenant F. Brooke, 1st Dragoon Guards (killed at Waterloo)
Lieutenant James Robinson, 32nd Foot
Second-Lieutenant Gustavus Hume, Royal Artillery
Ensign David Baird, 3rd Foot Guards (wounded)
Ensign George Fludyer, 1st Foot Guards (wounded)
Ensign Algernon Greville, 1st Foot Guards
Ensign William James, 3rd Foot Guards
Ensign Henry Montagu, 3rd Foot Guards
Cornet W. Huntley, 1st Dragoon Guards
Mr A. F. Dawkins, 15th Hussars (wounded)
Mr Standish O’Grady, 7th Hussars
Mr Horace Seymour, ADC to Lord Uxbridge
Mr Chad
Mr and Mrs Greathed
Mr Lionel Hervey (diplomat)
Mr and Mrs Lance, and their son and daughter
Mr Leigh
Mr and Mrs Lloyd
Mr Ord, and his daughters
Dr Hyde
Revd Samuel Briscall
Cultural influences
The ball inspired a number of writers and artists in the nineteenth century. Sir Walter Scott mentioned it in passing in Paul's Letters to his Kinsfolk. It was described by William Makepeace Thackeray in Vanity Fair and by Lord Byron in Childe Harold's Pilgrimage. Byron emphasises the contrast between the glamour of the ball and the horror of battle, concentrating on the emotional partings,
Thackeray's dramatic use of the ball in Vanity Fair inspired, in turn, a number of screen depictions. One notable example comes from the 1935 RKO production Becky Sharp, the first full-length Technicolor film released after perfection of the full-color three-strip method, which makes the Duchess of Richmond's Ball the first historical set-piece ever staged in a full-colour feature film. Critics of the day were not kind to the picture itself, but the sequence in which the officers hurry to leave the ball — the red of their coats suddenly and emotionally filling the frame — was widely praised as showing great promise for the dramatic use of colour on-screen.
The ball also inspired artists, including John Everett Millais, who painted The Black Brunswicker in 1860, Henry Nelson O'Neil who painted Before Waterloo in 1868 and Robert Hillingford who painted The Duchess of Richmond's Ball.
The ball was a scene in the third act of a melodrama called In the Days of the Duke written by Charles Haddon Chambers and J. Comyns Carr; it was displayed sumptuously in the 1897 production, with a backdrop by William Harford showing the hall and staircase inside the Duchess's house.
Several characters attend the ball in Georgette Heyer's novel An Infamous Army (1937), and also in The Spanish Bride (1940), her novelisation of the life of Sir Harry Smith.
The ball was used by Sergei Bondarchuk in his film Waterloo (1970) for dramatic effect. Bondarchuk contrasted an army at peace with the impending battle and in particular as a dramatic backdrop to show how completely Napoleon managed to "humbug" Wellington.
In the novel Sharpe's Waterloo (1990), Bernard Cornwell uses the ball in a similar way to Bondarchuk, placing his character Richard Sharpe in the role of the aide who brings the catastrophic news to Wellington, but includes a sub-plot where Sharpe brawls with Lord John Rossendale, Sharpe's wife's lover and a man who owes money to him.
A fictional account is given of the Duchess of Richmond's ball in The Campaigners, Volume 14 of The Morland Dynasty, a series of historical novels by author Cynthia Harrod-Eagles. Some of the fictional Morland family and other characters attend the ball and the events that unfold are seen and experienced through their eyes.
The ball serves as the backdrop for the first chapter of Julian Fellowes's 2016 novel Belgravia (adapted for television as Belgravia in 2020). The chapter is titled "Dancing into Battle", and portrays a potential mésalliance that is avoided the next day by a battlefield fatality at Quatre Bras. Fellowes incorporates into his book real events that occurred during the ball, and inserts his fictional characters into them.
On 15 June 1965 the British Ambassador in Brussels held a ball to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo and the Duchess of Richmond's ball. 540 guests attended the function of whom the majority were Belgians. This commemoration ball has now become an annual event with the money raised going to support several charities.
Notes
References
, and also:
– reproduced on the website of The American WideScreen Museum
Endnotes:
Cf. Fonds Duvivier. Ce que devint l’hotel de la rue de la Blanchisserie. In: LMB. Archieffonds Franse periode Vol.III Box 25 I.3 Chapter 5 pp. 53–57
Further reading
– Commenting on the paintings "First off, of course, the dresses and hairstyles of the women are much more fashionable for the 1860s–70s than 1815. The grandly appointed settings are at odds with Lady de Ros's description of the ball taking place ..."
pp. 154–156
– contains a timeline on the most notable events
contemporary location, Google Map. compare with the diagram on page 307, of Fraser's book (cited in the References section above).
Cites Cf. Dalton, Ch. "The Waterloo roll call".
External links
Balls (dance party)
European court festivities
1815 in the Netherlands
19th century in the Southern Netherlands
19th century in Brussels
June 1815 events
Culture in Brussels |
13161410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian%20access | Humanitarian access | Humanitarian access is a specific legal term, that referred to the ability of neutral humanitarian actors (such as the United Nations, the ICRC, and foreign or local NGOs), to enter an area during a conflict, to provide humanitarian aid as well as monitor and promote human rights.
As of 2007, a region where humanitarian access is a problem is Darfur. Whether due to restrictions posed by the Government or by other parties to the conflict, or whether due to general insecurity, humanitarian access is bad in many areas and continues to worsen, as the areas of limited or no access for humanitarians rise.
References
OCHA: Handbook of Humanitarian Terms (soon available online)
Legal terminology |
13161422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus%20Dent | Marcus Dent | Marcus Dent is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Coronation Street, played by Charlie Condou. He made his first screen appearance during the episode on 7 September 2007. Marcus departed on 5 September 2008, but returned on 24 April 2011. It was announced on 26 November 2013, that Condou would be leaving the soap, filming his final scenes in May 2014. Marcus departed on 14 July 2014.
Storylines
2007–2008
Marcus is initially a sonographer at Weatherfield General Hospital, introduced when Violet Wilson (Jenny Platt) goes for a scan. He gives his number to Sean Tully (Antony Cotton), who is also present. The two start dating but Sean is unsure how the relationship should progress. Sean tricks Marcus into revealing the sex of the baby when he wants to know but Violet doesn't, causing a rough patch in the relationship, but it is overcome and the couple remain together happily. Marcus and Sean deliver Violet and Sean's son when Violet goes into labour in The Rovers on 22 February 2008. He is by Maria Connor's (Samia Smith) side as she gives birth to her stillborn baby in April 2008. Marcus quits his sonographer job to try to find more fulfilling employment. He and Sean plan to move into their own flat, but Sean briefly loses his job at Underworld putting their plans on hold.
On 27 August 2008, Eileen Grimshaw (Sue Cleaver) receives a call from her son Todd (Bruno Langley) saying that he has seen Marcus in a nightclub in London with another man. Eileen subsequently tells Sean, who initially dismisses it, but then becomes increasingly more paranoid and angry. When Marcus discovers that Sean has made a pass at Tom Kerrigan (Philip McGinley), he punches Tom as he suspects that Sean has slept with him. Marcus later tells Sean that he is fed up of his jealousy and calls a cab to take him to London. Sean pleads with Marcus but he says an emotional goodbye to Eileen, Maria and Liam (Rob James-Collier) before departing for London, leaving Sean devastated. When he leaves, he promises to keep in touch with Eileen and Maria as he has been through so much.
2011–2014
In April 2011, Sean visits Violet, Jamie Baldwin (Rupert Hill) and Dylan in London. After seeing them argue, he decides to join Dylan in the kitchen and is shocked to find Marcus there. They agree to put the past behind them and have a day out together with Dylan. When they return, they see Jamie leaving and try to comfort Violet but Sean leaves as Violet is hostile, accusing him of trying to steal Dylan from her. As Sean gets on the coach and the coach leaves, Marcus arrives with some flowers, but is too late.
Several weeks later, Marcus returns to Weatherfield and catches up with Sean and Eileen and meets Julie Carp (Katy Cavanagh) and Izzy Armstrong (Cherylee Houston). He announces that he has a job interview and is hoping to stay in Weatherfield. Eileen organizes a blind date for Sean which turns out to be Marcus, and they go on a date to Nick Tilsley's (Ben Price) bar, Marcus later kisses Sean and they decide to give their relationship another go.
In June, Sean hears that Violet has been injured in a car crash and needs someone to look after Dylan. He decides that he should look after Dylan but does not tell Marcus as he had recently booked a holiday. However, Eileen tells Marcus about Dylan and Marcus supports Sean and they decide to go and collect Dylan but after Jason Grimshaw (Ryan Thomas) makes a remark about Sean and Dylan, causing Sean to have second thoughts but Marcus eventually persuades him to go and get Dylan. Dylan stays with them until Violet has recovered from her injuries, sparking a desire in Marcus for a child of his own but Sean is not interested. Marcus tries to pretend that being part-time dad to Dylan and helping Maria with Liam is enough but he and Sean disagree about this and split up. Marcus stays with Maria, Kirk and Liam for a while and talks about going back to London but Maria persuades him to stay.
In October 2012, Marcus knows that something is wrong with Maria and she eventually admits that she has found a lump in her breast. Fearing it could be breast cancer, Marcus goes with Maria to the hospital. Maria does not have cancer. They kiss, much to Marcus's surprise. They pretend it never happened and go to Eileen's birthday party, especially as Maria is dating Jason and Marcus is dating a colleague, Aiden Lester (Toby Sawyer). Eventually, they admit their feelings for each other and end their respective relationships. Aiden, angry that Marcus agreed to move to London with him and then changed his mind, assumes Sean has been causing trouble. Sean gets the impression that Marcus wants him back and is horrified to find Marcus kissing Maria. He struggles to accept that Marcus is now in an opposite-sex relationship and tells Jason, who is furious that they lied to him. In November 2013, Marcus and Maria decide to buy a house together, away from the street so that there are things like boating lakes and playgrounds for Liam. Marcus feels uncomfortable when Jason's gay brother, Todd, makes a pass at him. The next day, he admits to Todd that he has everything he needs and is happy with Maria. However, Todd thinks that Marcus fancies him and kisses him. They have sex, despite Marcus instantly regretting it. Todd's mother, Eileen, is convinced that Todd and Marcus are having an affair and tricks Marcus into admitting it. Todd later accompanies Marcus to a show house where he waits for Maria, but the pair end up having sex again. Maria and her friend Audrey Roberts (Sue Nicholls) walk in on them, which leaves Marcus horrified. As Marcus later tries to explain himself, Maria lashes out, attacking him and ends their relationship for good. He is then offered a room at Todd's aunt Julie's flat, but decides to leave Weatherfield. Marcus returns and he and Todd begin a relationship, much to Maria's annoyance. Maria goes on a downward spiral and begins to secretly text Tyrone Dobbs (Alan Halsall) pretending to be Kirsty Soames (Natalie Gumede), Tyrone's ex-fiancée. After having some time off work, Marcus is called in by his boss for a meeting at work. Marcus is suspended for having too much time off as his relationship with Maria gets back on track and he begins to see Liam again. Marcus is later shocked to see his partner Todd kissing another man, making Marcus realize there is nothing left for him in Weatherfield and he decides to leave, after reconciling with Maria. He later leaves for London, after an emotional farewell with Maria, Liam and Julie.
Casting
In April 2008, it was announced that Condou had left the show after a year playing Marcus. A show insider said : "Charlie's very popular among the cast and he'll be missed. His character has made a big impact over the last year, quite ground-breaking really - no doubt there will be a juicy exit for Marcus. The likelihood will be a love triangle." Speaking of his departure Condou said: "I have had a fantastic time in Coronation Street, but as a jobbing actor I believe it is time to move on. There are a few things in the pipeline, one of which is a feature film which is being made abroad. But all that's under wraps at the moment." A Corrie spokeswoman said : "We'll be sad to see Charlie leave. The decision was a mutual one."
In January 2011, it was confirmed that Dent would return to Coronation Street. A statement on the show's official website said: "There are eventful times ahead for Sean Tully (Antony Cotton) as his old flame Marcus Dent returns to the cobbles. Marcus arrives back in Weatherfield on 13 May 2011 and the relationship between him and Sean is rekindled." Later in 2012, Sean and Marcus split up after Marcus begins a relationship with hairdresser Maria Connor (Samia Ghadie).
In November 2013, it was announced that Condou would be leaving the soap again following a dramatic storyline for the character. The storyline sees Todd Grimshaw (Bruno Langley) setting his sights on Marcus, despite Marcus being in a relationship with Maria. Show bosses have promised that the ensuing storyline "will divide the residents of Coronation Street". Condou spoke of his departure, "I've had a fantastic time at Corrie but feel it's time for me to move on. I was only meant to return for three months and ended up staying for three years! The producers have been really supportive and are leaving the door open for Marcus which is great and my exit will certainly be explosive." Stuart Blackburn, show producer, added "I will be incredibly sad to see Charlie go and wish him well for what I know will be an exciting future."
References
External links
Marcus Dent at itv.com
Coronation Street characters
Television characters introduced in 2007
Fictional bisexual men
Fictional LGBTQ characters in television
English male characters in television
Fictional midwives |
13161424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangry | Tangry | Tangry () is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
Tangry lies 36 km northwest of Arras, at the junction of the D70, D77 and D99 roads.
Main sights
The church of St.Omer, dating from the sixteenth century.
See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
References
Communes of Pas-de-Calais |
13161441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimi%20Benzell | Mimi Benzell | Miriam Ruth "Mimi" Benzell (April 6, 1918 – December 23, 1970) was an American soprano who performed with the Metropolitan Opera before establishing herself as a Broadway musical theatre, television, and nightclub performer.
Life and career
Early life and education
Mimi Benzell was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut on April 6, 1918 to William and Esther (née Cohn) Benzell. Her father was in the furniture business and her paternal grandfather had been a popular singer in Russia before emigrating to the United States. Mimi Benzell and her family moved to New York City, where she attended James Madison High School in Brooklyn, New York. She later attended Hunter College for two years and the Mannes School of Music.
Though Benzell was originally a piano student, she switched over to voice under the instruction of Madame Olga Eisner.
Career
At the age of 20, Benzell made her debut in a Sunday concert in Mexico City on December 3, 1944, during which she played the role of Zerlina in Mozart's Don Giovanni and the Queen of the Night in The Magic Flute. She made her Metropolitan Opera stage debut on January 5, 1945, again playing the role of the Queen of the Night in The Magic Flute. Additional Met credits that Benzell compiled include performances in La Bohème, Mignon, Rigoletto, Der Rosenkavalier, Carmen, and Barber of Seville.
On March 23, 1956, Benzell starred as the guest soloist in the Hofstra College Symphony Orchestra's final concert of the season at Hofstra University.
In 1961, she appeared in Jerry Herman's first book musical, Milk and Honey, which proved to be her only Broadway production. Benzell performed on The Ed Sullivan Show, then still titled Toast of the Town, eleven times between 1949 and 1955. In 1951 she co-starred in The Pet Milk Show on radio with Jack Pearl, which aired on Tuesday nights on NBC, and also featured Cliff Hall and Gus Haenschen's Orchestra. She appeared as a panelist on both the daytime and primetime editions of the game show To Tell the Truth, and was a guest star on the short-lived DuMont series Off the Record alongside Zero Mostel and Joey Faye. Among her recordings were Roberta and The Vagabond King, both with Alfred Drake.
Director of the Nassau County Office of Performing and Fine Arts
On January 30, 1969, Benzell was appointed by Nassau County Executive Eugene H. Nickerson as the director of the Nassau County Office of Performing and Fine Arts. A major accomplishment that the Nassau County Office of Performing and Fine Arts made under her direction was the successful coordination of cultural programs in schools across Nassau County.
She served in this capacity until 1970, when she stepped down for personal reasons.
Despite her resignation as director, she continued to serve as an adviser for the office.
Personal life
Benzell was married to Walter Gould, the brother of American composer Morton Gould; Walter also served as her manager. They resided at 45 Cardinal Road in Flower Hill, New York, and had two children: Jonathan and Jennifer. She was active in numerous charitable organizations, including the women's division of B'nai B'rith.
Death and legacy
Benzell died of an undisclosed form of cancer on December 23, 1970, at North Shore University Hospital in Manhasset, New York, at the age of 52. Her funeral service was held in Manhattan on December 27.
A small green space on Waring Drive in Flower Hill near her former home is named Miriam Benzell Green in honor of Benzell.
References
External links
Mimi Benzell scrapbook, 1961–62 (documenting her appearance in Milk and Honey) in the Music Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.
1918 births
1970 deaths
American operatic sopranos
American musical theatre actresses
American television actresses
Actresses from Brooklyn
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Musicians from Brooklyn
20th-century American actresses
20th-century American women opera singers
James Madison High School (Brooklyn) alumni
Classical musicians from New York (state)
People from Flower Hill, New York
People from Bridgeport, Connecticut |
13161449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang%20Amadeus%20Mozart%20and%20Prague | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Prague | There is no question that the Praguers of the late eighteenth century exhibited a special appreciation for the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, even though, as pointed out by Daniel E. Freeman, confirmations of this fact attributed to Mozart himself in sayings such as "" ("My Praguers understand me") have only come down to posterity second or third hand. Perhaps the most valuable direct testimony that attests to the discernment of the musical public in Prague with regard to Mozart's music comes from Lorenzo Da Ponte, the librettist of Mozart's opera Don Giovanni, which was first performed in Prague:
It is not easy to convey an adequate conception of the enthusiasm of the Bohemians for [Mozart's] music. The pieces which were admired least of all in other countries were regarded by those people as things divine; and, more wonderful still, the great beauties which other nations discovered in the music of that rare genius only after many, many performances, were perfectly appreciated by the Bohemians on the very first evening.
The most important legacy of Mozart's association with the city of Prague was the composition of the operas Don Giovanni and La clemenza di Tito and the first performance of the "Prague" Symphony, which may or may not have been composed by Mozart specifically to be performed in Prague during his first visit to the city early in 1787.
Background for Mozart's Visits to Prague
Daniel E. Freeman has provided the most comprehensive appraisal of the conditions that made Prague so attractive as a musical destination for Mozart in the 1780s. One of the most important reasons include a recovery in the population of the city that created a musical public much larger than had been present in the city just a few decades prior to this time. It was only just before the time of Mozart's visits that the population of Prague finally recovered from the severe depopulation caused by the departure of the Imperial Habsburg court from Prague in 1612 on the death of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II and the effects of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), whose military conflicts both started and ended in the city. Prague always retained a certain prestige as the capital city of the kingdom of Bohemia, even though its king (who doubled as Holy Roman Emperor and head of the house of Habsburg) lived in Vienna. Still, it took over a century after the death of Rudolf II for the city once again to build cultural institutions worthy of a major European city, usually due to the sponsorship of leading Bohemian nobles. The recovery in civic life led to the construction of a magnificent new opera theater, opened in 1783, that was known at the time as the National Theater (of the kingdom of Bohemia) and built at the sole expense of a visionary noble, Count Franz Anton von Nostitz-Rieneck. It was later purchased by the Estates of Bohemia and is presently known as the Estates Theatre. Considering the importance of operatic productions in Mozart's musical output, the construction of this theater was virtually a pre-condition for the fertile connections he began to cultivate with Prague in the year 1786. The emergence of an outstanding conductor, Johann Joseph Strobach, who built the opera orchestra of Prague into one of the greatest orchestral ensembles in central Europe, was also critical in attracting Mozart to the city, as was the prominence of the Duschek couple (Franz Xaver and Josepha, who had unprecedented international connections for musicians from Prague who chose not leave the Bohemian lands. Josepha had a particularly strong connection with Mozart as a result of frequent visits she made to his native city of Salzburg, where she had relatives (one of her grandfathers was once mayor of Salzburg).
The immediate impetus for Mozart's visits was the result of interest for his compositions created by a highly successful performance in 1783 of his opera Die Entführung aus dem Serail, one of the first operas ever performed in the Estates Theatre. This performance excited interest in Mozart's instrumental music and undoubtedly made the management of the Estates Theatre receptive to mounting a production of Le nozze di Figaro late in 1786, even though it was only a mixed success at its premiere in Vienna in May 1786.
The Prague premiere of Figaro
Mozart's opera The Marriage of Figaro, which premiered in Vienna, was produced in late 1786 in Prague with tremendous success. The reviewer for the Prague newspaper Oberpostamtzeitung wrote "No piece (so everyone here asserts) has ever caused such a sensation as the Italian opera Die Hochzeit des Figaro, which has already been given several times here with unlimited applause." The orchestra and some affiliated music lovers funded a personal visit by Mozart so he could hear the production.
Mozart's first visit to Prague and the premiere of the "Prague" Symphony
Mozart first came to Prague on 11 January 1787 and stayed until the second week of February. He was feted everywhere. On 19 January a concert was organized for his financial benefit at which the "Prague" Symphony was given its first performance. Mozart also improvised a solo on the piano—including variations on the popular aria "Non più andrai" from The Marriage of Figaro. Afterward, Mozart said he "counted this day as one of the happiest of his life." Daniel E. Freeman points out that the level of adulation accorded Mozart on this occasion by the musical public of Prague was unprecedented for any eighteenth-century musician being recognized simultaneously as both a composer and a performer.
The great success of this visit generated a commission from the impresario Pasquale Bondini for another opera, which like The Marriage of Figaro was to have a libretto by Mozart's great collaborator Lorenzo Da Ponte.
Mozart's second visit to Prague and the premiere of Don Giovanni
Mozart came to Prague for the second time to help supervise the first performance of his opera Don Giovanni. He arrived on 4 October 1787 and stayed until 12 or 13 November. The premiere of the opera was supposed to have taken place on 15 October, but could not be arranged until 29 October 1787. The work was rapturously received; the Prager Oberpostamtzeitung reported, "Connoisseurs and musicians say that Prague has never heard the like," and "the opera ... is extremely difficult to perform."
Mozart's third and fourth visits to Prague
En route to Berlin in the company of Prince Karl Lichnowsky, Mozart passed through Prague on 10 April 1789 and returned on his way back to Vienna on 31 May 1789 and stayed perhaps a day or two longer. For further details, see Mozart's Berlin journey.
Mozart's fifth visit and the premiere of La clemenza di Tito
Mozart wrote La clemenza di Tito for the festivities accompanying Leopold II's Prague coronation as king of Bohemia in September 1791. Mozart obtained this commission after Antonio Salieri had allegedly rejected it. Mozart arrived on 28 August 1791 and left in the third week of September. The opera received its first performance on 6 September 1791. Unlike the first two visits, Mozart was not the center of attention on his last visit. Rather, his activities were much overshadowed by the ceremonies of the Imperial court.
Commemorations of Mozart's death in Prague
The grief exhibited for Mozart in Prague after his death on 5 December 1791 far exceeded that witnessed in any other European city. Daniel E. Freeman has pointed out that whereas Mozart (one of history's greatest musicians) was laid to rest in Vienna without any special performance of music and a pathetic showing of mourners, the first memorial service given in his honor in Prague (14 December 1791) was attended by thousands and featured a lavish Requiem mass performed by over a hundred musicians who accepted no pay for their efforts. Many more commemorations were organized in subsequent years and citizens of Prague took it upon themselves to provide sustenance to Mozart's widow and orphaned children. His wife Constanze began her career of organizing musical concerts in memory of her husband in Prague, a lucrative undertaking that assisted her family's finances enormously until her second marriage to Georg Nikolaus von Nissen.
Why didn't Mozart stay?
After Don Giovanni, Mozart may have had a tentative offer to stay and write another opera for Prague, but he chose to return to Vienna. Maynard Solomon suggested that the reasons were first that Prague lacked the musical talent available in Vienna. In addition, a career like Mozart's depended on the support of the aristocracy, and Prague was only a provincial capital. There was no patron or musical institution in Prague in the late eighteenth century capable of offering satisfactory employment to a composer of Mozart's talents. Furthermore, Daniel E. Freeman has pointed out how precarious opera production was in the city throughout the eighteenth century. Indeed, productions of Italian opera in Prague ceased again already in 1789, not to re-appear again until 1791, due to the departure of the impresario Domenico Guardasoni and the death of the impresario Pasquale Bondini.
Another possible reason why Mozart didn't stay is given by Volkmar Braunbehrens, citing Schenk: the death in Vienna in November 1787 of Gluck, whose post in the Imperial musical establishment Mozart sought (and ultimately got, though at a much lower salary); Mozart needed to return home to lobby for the position. Daniel E. Freeman has pointed out that the imperial appointment meant that Mozart would never live in any city other than Vienna. The prestige of such a position combined with the possibility of further employment and honors from the imperial court would have rendered any opportunities available in Prague unattractive in comparison.
Why did Prague appreciate Mozart?
Daniel E. Freeman has produced the most detailed appraisal of the reasons for the success of Mozart's music in late eighteenth-century Prague The most important consideration is simply that the citizenry of Prague was likely the most musically literate of any in Europe due to a unique system of music education that grew up in the Bohemian lands after the defeat of Protestant nobles in revolt against the Habsburg regime in the year 1620. The country was forcibly re-Catholicized by the Habsburg emperors, and a part of efforts to impose the Catholic religion on the populace was the fostering of Catholic church music. Music education for both boys and girls was offered as a normal part of elementary education throughout the kingdom of Bohemia, with the result that an unusually large proportion of the population was trained to sing or play instruments. The training was never intended to foster professional careers, rather to facilitate participation in religious services, however it did lead to many professional careers and the famous emigration of Bohemian musicians to many parts of Europe due to a surplus of musical talent within the country. Contemporary observers considered the Bohemians to be as naturally musically talented as the Italians, however better trained in notation and other technical aspects of music making. The musical public of Prague, well versed in practical music making, clearly had a greater appreciation for the possibilities that Mozart explored in a style that many music lovers in other European cities (including Vienna) found too complicated and too extravagant (to use the famous phrase of the emperor Joseph II, with "too many notes"). The success of the highly sophisticated and supremely difficult music for the "Prague" Symphony and the opera Don Giovanni attests to this appreciation better than anything else.
Mozart also had an unusual ability to compose imaginatively for wind instruments. Bohemian wind players were famed all over Europe for their skills, thus his mastery of wind composition was much appreciated in Prague. The Prague press specifically attributed the success of the operas Die Entführung aus dem Serail and Le nozze di Figaro partially to their lavish and imaginative treatment of wind instruments. The extravagant writing for winds in the "Prague" Symphony is also notable and may have been introduced deliberately to please the musical public of Prague. The treatment of winds in the "Prague" Symphony represents a landmark in symphonic writing and was copied not only in Mozart's last symphonies, but also the symphonies of Beethoven and Schubert.
Commemorating Mozart in Prague today
Many tourists follow his tracks in Prague and visit the Mozart Museum of the reconstructed Villa Bertramka, where the composer stayed with his friends the Duscheks on visits to Prague. It is little known that Mozart's visits to the Bertramka are actually very scantily documented. No contemporary observer ever reported seeing him there, and Mozart himself never reported staying there in any surviving correspondence from Prague. The best evidence that he stayed there (and only during his second visit to Prague) comes from his son Karl Thomas Mozart in a reminiscence of 1856. Carl Thomas was not present for the incident reported, rather only heard about it from friends of Mozart he met in Prague as a boy in the 1790s.
Notes
References
Braunbehrens, Volkmar (1990) Mozart in Vienna. New York: Grove Weidenfeld.
Daniel E. Freeman (2021) Mozart in Prague. Minneapolis: Calumet Editions.
Eisen, Cliff and Stanley Sadie. Article in the New Grove, online edition. (Accessed 9 May 2006)]
Solomon, Maynard (1995) Mozart: A life, Harper Perennial.
Prague
Music in Prague |
13161459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis%20M.%20Powers | Dennis M. Powers | Dennis M. Powers (born October 2, 1942) is an American nonfiction writer with different published works. He earned degrees at the University of Colorado at Boulder (B.A., 1964), the University of Denver Law School (Juris Doctor, 1967), and the Harvard Business School (M.B.A., 1969).
He first worked for large corporations in various financial fields, before moving later to Santa Barbara, California. While there, he eventually started up a business law practice (ten years) while forming and running different small businesses. During this time, he wrote poetry, newspaper and magazine articles, fiction, and nonfiction works. Dennis Powers later joined the faculty of the Southern Oregon University School of Business in Ashland, Oregon, where he taught for twelve years and became a Full Professor with different nonfiction books published. Retiring from teaching full-time as an Emeritus faculty member, he continued his writing of books, newspaper articles, and other works that included public radio.
Published works
The Power of Attorney Real Estate Forms Series (software and hardcopy) and The Power of Attorney Business Forms Series (also software and hardcopy) were first published. Legal Street Smarts was next, followed by Beating the Tough Times, Legal Expense Defense, The Office Romance, and The Internet Legal Guide.
Dennis Powers's nonfiction book, The Office Romance, was his publisher’s lead book in 1998 and he was on a national book tour. This book was subsequently brought out in Chinese and German editions. While then teaching at Southern Oregon University, he wrote over fifty published Internet, academic, legal encyclopedia chapters, magazine, and newspaper articles in various areas.
Chronicling the 1964 tsunami from the Good Friday earthquake that raced down Alaska and the U.S. West Coast, his book The Raging Sea followed in trade and mass-market paperback. Treasure Ship was next: This work is about the loss of the S.S. Brother Jonathan, a paddlewheel steamship that sank off northern California in 1865 with millions of dollars of gold and was finally discovered 125 years later. Treasure Ship was later brought out in paperback. Next, Sentinel of the Seas came out; this book is about the construction and operation of the dangerous and most expensive lighthouse built, St. George Reef Lighthouse. He continued with Taking the Sea, a book about the old-time wreckers, or ship salvagers, during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In 2010, his book about life at sea during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries—and through the story of a charismatic sea captain, Dynamite Johnny O'Brien—was published as Tales of the Seven Seas: The Escapades of Captain Dynamite Johnny O'Brien.
Bibliography
The Power of Attorney Real Estate Forms Series (software and hardcopy)
The Power of Attorney Business Forms Series (software and hardcopy)
Legal Street Smarts (New York: Plenum Press, 1994),
Legal Expense Defense (Oregon, Oasis Press, 1995),
Beating the Tough Times (New York: Plenum Press, 1995),
The Office Romance (New York: Amacom Press/American Management Assoc., 1998),
The Internet Legal Guide (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2001),
The Raging Sea (New York: Kensington/Citadel Press, 2005),
Treasure Ship (New York: Kensington/Citadel Press, 2006),
Sentinel of the Seas (New York: Kensington/Citadel Press, 2007),
Taking the Sea (New York: Amacom Press, 2009),
Tales of the Seven Seas (New York: Taylor Trade, 2010),
External links
Official Web Site
Interview/Dennis Powers
References
University Faculty Profile
Tales of the Seven Seas
Taking the Sea
Sentinel of the Seas
Treasure Ship
The Raging Sea
1942 births
Living people
University of Colorado alumni
University of Denver alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
Writers from California
Writers from Oregon
American bloggers
Southern Oregon University faculty
21st-century American non-fiction writers |
13161463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibson%20Super%20400 | Gibson Super 400 | The Gibson Super 400 is an archtop guitar. It is a highly influential guitar model that inspired many other master guitar builders (including Elmer Stromberg and John D'Angelico). It was first sold in 1934 and named for its $400 price (), like many Gibson guitars of that era.
The Super 400 features solid carved-wood construction, and at the time of its introduction was the largest guitar that the Gibson Guitar Corporation had produced. Until 1939, it had a hand-engraved tailpiece and a hand-engraved finger rest support. During the very early production stock the truss rod cover had engraved "L5 Super"; on later guitars this was changed to "Super 400".
In 1939 the guitar was changed. The upper bout was enlarged, and the hand-engraved tailpiece was replaced with the one still fitted today on current Super 400s. The f-holes were slightly enlarged and a cutaway option also became available. This was called the Super 400P (for Premiere), later changed to C for Cutaway.
During the 1950s, Gibson released the Super 400 CES (Cutaway•Electric•Spanish). This had a slightly thicker top to reduce feedback, two P-90 pickups, and individual tone and volume controls, along with a three-way toggle switch. Later, the P-90 pickups were replaced with Alnico V pickups, then in 1957, humbucking pickups.
There have been variations in the limited edition custom models. In 2000 Gibson offered the Super 400 with a Charlie Christian pickup. The Super 400 is still available today, with two humbucker pickups. The full acoustic version is no longer available.
The 1963 Gibson Super 400 CES Florentine model belonging to Scotty Moore played an important role in Elvis Presley's stage performance, the '68 Comeback Special.
Notable users
Kenny Burrell
Larry Coryell
Robben Ford
Bill Haley
Keith Richards
Brian Setzer
Merle Travis
Charles Anton Lees
See also
Gibson Guitar Corporation product list
References
External links
Super 400 at Gibson website
Super 400 Review and Demo Video - Flash Required
Super 400
Semi-acoustic guitars |
13161467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos%20and%20Bright%20Lights | Chaos and Bright Lights | Chaos and Bright Lights is the first studio album by Australian country band The McClymonts released in Australia on 10 November 2007 (see 2007 in music) by Universal Records. The band co-wrote most of the songs on the album with help from many writers including the album's producer Adam Anders. The singles released from the album gave the band little success on the charts with "Save Yourself" peaking in the Australian ARIA Singles Chart top hundred and "My Life Again" debuting in the top twenty on the CMC top thirty.
Band member Brooke McClymont stated that the album has many moods and the songs present a young woman's outlook on keeping, finding and losing relationships. The band wrote all the songs for the album in both Nashville and Australia with some national and international songwriters including – Monty Powell (who writes for Keith Urban), Eric Silver (who has written for Dixie Chicks), Trey Bruce (who has written for Diamond Rio, LeAnn Rimes), Nathan Chapman (who has written for Taylor Swift), Steve Diamond (who has written for Lonestar, Lee Greenwood), and Frank Myers.
"Save Yourself" was the first song released from the album, to radio on 3 September 2007 and to CD single on 22 October 2007.
In 2014, the album was certified gold in Australia.
Track listing
"My Life Again" (Adam Anders, Nathan Chapman, Brooke McClymont) – 3:22
"Save Yourself" (Anders, Trey Bruce, McClymont) – 3:35
"Don't Tie My Hands" (Steve Diamond, McClymont, Mollie McClymont) – 4:13
"Good Cry" (McClymont, McClymont, Samantha McClymont, Monty Powell, Eric Silver) – 3:47
"Settle Down" (B. McClymont, Erinn Sherlock) – 4:21
"Way Too Late" (McClymont, McClymont, McClymont, Rod McCormack) – 3:09
"You Were Right" (B. McClymont, Sherlock) – 3:48
"Shotgun" (McClymont, McClymont, McClymont) – 3:43
"Favourite Boyfriend of the Year" (Anders, McClymont, McClymont, McClymont) – 3:20
"Finally Over Blue" (A. Herickson, L, Kittilsen, B. McClymont, J. Schumann) – 4:00
"Til You Love Me" (Anders, S. McClymont, Frank Myers) – 3:58
"Ghost Town" (M. McClymont, S. McClymont, Sherlock) – 2:53
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
2007 albums
The McClymonts albums
Universal Records albums |
13161469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardow | Wardow | Wardow is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
References |
13161473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warnkenhagen | Warnkenhagen | Warnkenhagen is a municipality in the Rostock district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
References |
13161486 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisy%20von%20Scherler%20Mayer | Daisy von Scherler Mayer | Daisy von Scherler Mayer, sometimes credited as Daisy Mayer (born September 14, 1966), is an American film and television director.
Early life
Mayer is the daughter of actress Sasha Von Scherler (born Alexandra-Xenia Elizabeth Anne Marie Fiesola von Schoeler, 1934–2000) and Paul Avila Mayer (1928–2009). She was a grandchild of American screenwriter Edwin Justus Mayer.
Career
After contributing to the New York Shakespeare Festival as a teen, von Scherler Mayer graduated from Wesleyan University with a degree in theater and history. Her experience with theater served as a foundation for her career as a director, where she applied her understanding of stage acting to her work for the screen. Upon graduating from Wesleyan, von Scherler Mayer directed contemporary interpretations of classic plays such as Euripides' Electra, and William Shakespeare's The Tempest and Two Gentlemen of Verona.
Von Scherler Mayer's feature-film directing debut was the 1995 film Party Girl, which starred Parker Posey and von Scherler Mayer's mother, Sasha. Von Scherler Mayer co-wrote the film, with her partner, Harry Birckmayer. The success of the film led to a television series starring Christine Taylor. In 2023, Party Girl had a restoration and theatrical re-release.
Since Party Girl, von Scherler Mayer has been writing and directing films as well as directing television productions. She directed Madeline, a 1998 film based on Ludwig Bemelmans' famous children's books about the adventures of a young redhaired French girl. Madeline starred Frances McDormand, Nigel Hawthorne, and Hatty Jones as Madeline. Her recent television projects have included such television series as Halt and Catch Fire, Yellowjackets, The Walking Dead, and The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel, among others.
Personal life
Von Scherler Mayer is married to film composer David Carbonara, with whom she has two daughters.
Filmography
Films
Party Girl (1995)
Woo (1998)
Madeline (1998)
The Guru (2002)
More of Me (2007)
Frenemies (2012)
Some Girl(s) (2013)
Television
About a Boy
A Million Little Things
Aliens in America
Ben and Kate
Bosch
Chuck
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
Doubt
Emily's Reasons Why Not
Fear the Walking Dead
For the People
Get Shorty
Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce
Good Girls Revolt
Halt and Catch Fire
House of Lies
Inventing Anna
Jane by Design
The Last Thing He Told Me
The Last Tycoon
The Loop
Mad Men
Made For Love
The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel
Mozart in the Jungle
Nurse Jackie
Orange Is the New Black
Outcast
Ray Donovan
Reverie
Shameless
Shining Vale
Shut Eye
Tell Me Your Secrets
The Walking Dead
Whiskey Cavalier
Y: The Last Man
Yellowjackets
Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist
References
External links
1966 births
21st-century American women
American people of German descent
American television directors
American women film directors
American women screenwriters
American women television directors
Film directors from New York City
Living people
Screenwriters from New York (state)
Daisy
Wesleyan University alumni |
13161489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disco%20Deewane | Disco Deewane | Disco Deewane () is a 1981 Pakistani pop album released by the Pakistani singing duo, Nazia and Zoheb, comprising Nazia Hassan and Zoheb Hassan, sister and brother respectively. The music was composed by Indian-British music director Biddu, and Zoheb Hassan, who also produced it under the label of HMV India/Saregama.
The album charted in fourteen countries worldwide and became the best-selling Asian pop record to date. The debut album led Nazia Hasan to overnight fame. It changed trends in music across South Asia, where it broke sales records. In India, it sold 100,000 records within a day of its release in Mumbai alone, went Platinum within three weeks, and went Double-Platinum soon after.
In South Asia, where the music industry was previously dominated by filmi Bollywood soundtracks, Disco Deewaane was the first non-soundtrack album to become a major success across the region, paving the way for the emergence of independent Pakistani and Indian pop music scenes. It was also the first South Asian pop album to top the charts in Brazil, while also becoming a hit in Russia, South Africa, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia and Latin America, and a success among the South Asian diaspora in regions such as Canada, the United Kingdom, United States, and West Indies.
This song also appeared on the soundtrack of the series Ms. Marvel, in the episode "Seeing Red", and was remixed in the Bollywood movie Student of the Year as "The Disco Song".
Track listing
Credits
Music directors
Most of the songs were composed by Biddu
Biddu
Arshad Mehmood
Zoheb Hassan
Lyricists
Nazia & Zoheb Hassan
Anwar Khalid
Meeraji
Farooq Qaiser
Nigar Sebhai
Cover versions
Dreamer Devané
Nazia Hassan performed a remixed cover version of title track "Disco Deewane" in the English language, called "Dreamer Devané" (1983), which was released as a single. It became the first single by a Pakistani Female singer to enter the UK singles chart.
Paara Ushar
In 1997, the title song "Disco Deewane" was reused in the Tamil song "Paara Ushar" sung by K.S. Chithra.
The Disco Song
In 2012, a revamped cover version of the title song "Disco Deewane" was incorporated into the Indian Bollywood film Student of the Year. Called "The Disco Song", it incorporates Nazia Hassan's vocals, along with the vocals of Sunidhi Chauhan and Benny Dayal, while the music video features Bollywood actors, such as Alia Bhatt, Sidharth Malhotra, Varun Dhawan and Kajol.
Director Karan Johar used the song in his 2012 film after licensing the song from Sa Re Ga Ma. It has been contested by Nazia Hassan's family, as they claim that HMV doesn't own the album because it was financed by them in London.
References
Urdu-language albums
1981 debut albums
Disco albums
Nazia and Zoheb albums
Nazia Hassan albums |
13161540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikantselei | Riigikantselei | Riigikantselei () is an executive office of Republic of Estonia. The office's purpose is to support the Republic's executive branch in enacting the political decisions. It is also known for its responsibility to publish Riigi Teataja and its electronic counterpart, Elektrooniline Riigi Teataja.
The leader of Riigikantselei is State Secretary of Estonia.
References
External links
Government of Estonia |
13161543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20La%20Libertad | Estadio La Libertad | Estadio La Libertad is a football only stadium in Bata, Equatorial Guinea. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium has a capacity of 4,000 people and is a small municipal stadium in the centre of Bata and located near the sea across the road from Hotel Panafrica. An artificial pitch was installed at the stadium in August 2010.
The stadium consists of three separate pavilions with the north end open.
Football venues in Equatorial Guinea
Buildings and structures in Bata, Equatorial Guinea |
13161547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MKC | MKC | MKC may refer to:
Charles B. Wheeler Downtown Airport, serving Kansas City, Missouri (IATA airport code)
Maksi railway station (Indian Railways code)
McCormick & Company (NYSE ticker symbol)
Meserete Kristos Church, an Ethiopian Anabaptist denomination
Milton Keynes Central railway station (UK National Rail station code)
Lincoln MKC, Lincoln automobile
MKC Networks, a Canadian VoIP company
Mortal Kombat: Conquest, a television show based on the video game Mortal Kombat
Chief Machinery Technician, a rating in the US Coast Guard |
13161566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monro%20Muffler%20Brake | Monro Muffler Brake | Monro, Inc. is an automotive services company founded and headquartered in Rochester, New York, U.S. As of 2021, Monro has 1,288 locations making them the second-largest automotive services company in North America after Driven Brands by number of locations and by revenue.
Company history
Early history
The company was founded by Charles J. August in 1957, originally as a franchise of another company, Midas Muffler.
In the mid-1960s, "Chuck" August decided that his muffler shops should offer an expanded list of services. This was not in line with the other organization's wishes. In 1966, he discontinued his affiliation with Midas Muffler. August launched a new muffler service company under the name Monro Muffler with his brother, Burton S. August, and Sheldon Lane. August named the new company after Monroe County, New York, but without the "e" at the end of the name. August added brake services several years later and renamed the company, Monro Muffler Brake, Inc.
Monro began a deliberate course of prudent expansion, arriving at 20 stores by 1977. They had a warehouse on West Henrietta Road. By the end of 1979, they had about 43 stores in New York. From this warehouse, drivers would load the trucks and deliver to all the 43 stores throughout New York. Afterwards, a more aggressive expansion program was instituted when the company began to make a number of large acquisitions. By the mid-1980s, there were 59 stores which generated $21 million in sales annually. Most of those locations were in upstate New York.
Expansion
In 1984, the company's founder, Charles J. August sold his controlling interest in Monro Muffler and Brake to a New York City-based investors group headed by Donald Glickman and Peter J. Solomon. August remained on the company's board of directors until 2002.
In 1991, Monro Muffler made its initial public offering. Monro's stock began trading on NASDAQ under the symbol "MNRO".
Under the leadership of Robert G. Gross, who joined the company in 1998 as president and CEO and currently serves as executive chairman, Monro aggressively expanded outside of its traditional base in upstate New York. In September 1998, the company successfully purchased all 205 Speedy Muffler King locations within the United States from Speedy Muffler King, Inc. of Toronto, Canada. In 2004, Monro purchased the 25 stores and 10 kiosks of Mr. Tire, a Baltimore, Maryland chain which trademarked "On the Rim and Out the Door" pricing. Later that year, Monro bought five Rice Tire locations and rebranded them as Mr. Tire Auto Service Centers. Monro now operates 132 Mr. Tire outlets.
In 2006, Monro obtained 75 ProCare shops from bankruptcy, converting 44 to Monro Muffler Brake & Service centers and 31 to Mr. Tire outlets; the shops had previously been owned by Standard Oil of Ohio and BP prior to their bankruptcy. In fiscal 2010, the company purchased the 26 Autotire stores in Missouri and Illinois, its first venture into the mid-West, and the 41 Tire Warehouse Central stores in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont and New Hampshire. Fiscal 2011 began with the acquisition of Import Export Tire Co., five retail tire and auto repair stores in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania metro region, and Courthouse Tire, three tire and undercar care facilities in the Fredericksburg, Virginia area whose sales substantially declined after the acquisition.
In fiscal 2012, the company acquired eight local auto service and retail groups, including Tire Barn Warehouse, 31 stores in Indiana, Illinois and Tennessee, and Ken Towery's Tire & AutoCare, 27 stores in Kentucky and Indiana, two chains that Monro continues to manage under the local brand names. This is also true of Curry's Auto Service In Virginia and Maryland, a 10-store acquisition in fiscal 2013. That year, the company also purchased four S&S Firestone stores in Kentucky and six Carl King Tire Stores in Delaware and Maryland.
Monro entered three new states with major acquisitions in 2014: Michigan - Lentz USA/Kan Rock Tire, 19 stores; Florida - The Tire Choice & Total Car Care, 35 stores; Gold Coast Tire & Auto Centers, 9 stores; and Martino Tire, 8 stores; and, Georgia - Wood & Fullerton, 9 stores. The company operates its Florida stores under the Tire Choice brand name.
In fiscal 2015, the company purchased the Car-X trade name and franchise rights to 146 locations in Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, and Texas. In 2016, Monro purchased Clark Tire & Auto Inc., which operated 26 stores in North Carolina, as well as six other companies: Kwik-Fit Tire & Service Inc. in Sandy Springs, Ga.; three Excel Auto & Tire stores, in Rochester, Eagan and Spring Lake Park, Minn., operated by Task Holdings Inc., and single store operated by Autopar Inc.; Harlow Tire Co. in Westland, Mich.; two Express Tire Centers L.L.C. stores, in Hillsboro and Millford, N.H.; and Pioneer Tire Pros in Riverview, Fla. Since 2000, Monro has made more than 30 acquisitions totaling more than 500 stores and producing revenue of 650 million.
Under Monro's current interim CEO Robert E . Mellor, the company continues to pursue a growth strategy of increased market share through incremental store sales, low-cost acquisitions, and strategic new store openings.
Monro serviced 6.2 million vehicles in 2019 and posted record sales of $1.2 billion, record net income of $79 million, and earnings of $2.41 per share. The company operates under several regional brands, most acquired in the past 15 years, including: Monro Auto Service & Tire Centers, Mr. Tire Auto Service Centers, Tread Quarters Discount Tire Auto Service Centers, Autotire Car Care Centers, Ken Towery's Tire & AutoCare, The Tire Choice & Total Car Care, Tire Warehouse Tires for Less, and Tire Barn Warehouse.
In 2019, Monro entered the West Coast market with the acquisition of 51 stores in California, including Certified Tire and Service Centers, Skip's Tire & Auto Repair Centers, Lloyd's Tire & Auto Care, and Trusted Tire & Service.[5] In addition, the company acquired 20 stores in Louisiana, including Allied Discount Tire, Atlas Tire & Auto, Scotty's Tire & Auto, Twin Tire & Automotive, and T-Boys Tire and Auto, and the 14 Superior Tire stores in Nevada and Idaho, bringing Monro's store total to 1,288 in 32 states.
In 2020, Ides Capital suggested that Monro's lack of diversity on its board and workforce was limiting the company's future growth.
Monro Auto Service and Tire Centers
Monro Auto Service and Tire Centers is an American automotive service company focusing on scheduled maintenance, undercar repairs, and retail tire sales. Monro Auto Service and Tire Centers is named for Monroe County, New York, without the "e." It is the flagship brand of Monro, Inc. As of 2022, there are a total of 402 Monro locations in 14 states.
References
External links
1957 establishments in New York (state)
1984 mergers and acquisitions
American companies established in 1957
Automotive repair shops of the United States
Companies based in Rochester, New York
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Retail companies established in 1957 |
13161583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joon%20Park | Joon Park | Joon Park (Korean name: Park Joon-hyung, ; born July 20, 1969) is a South Korean-born American singer, actor and entertainer. As a singer, he is best known as the leader and rapper of the Korean pop group g.o.d.
Early life
Park was born in Seongbuk-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea, the youngest of three siblings, and raised in the United States, later becoming an American citizen. His father died when he was young, leaving him and his older siblings to be raised by their single mother. He graduated from La Quinta High School in Westminster, California, in 1987 and attended California State University, Long Beach. Prior to entering the entertainment industry, he worked at an advertising firm as a graphic designer.
Career
Early years and forming g.o.d
In 1997 Park moved to Seoul, South Korea, where his older sister had been working, with the dream of creating a pop music group. He wanted to mix Korean music with a twist of western culture. The first member he recruited was his cousin Danny Ahn, followed by Danny's friend Son Ho-young, aspiring singer Yoon Kye-sang and rookie actress Kim Sun-a. However, their agency was forced to cut funding for trainees due to the 1997 Asian financial crisis and only relented due to Park and the other members' persistence. Singer-songwriter Park Jin-young was introduced to be their producer and the group was initially a six-piece mixed-gender group tentatively named "GOT6".
In the midst of preparations for the group's debut and album, Park was cast in a beer commercial for Oriental Brewery and also landed a small recurring role in the SBS sitcom Soonpoong Clinic (ko) as the boyfriend of Song Hye-kyo's character. Park later stated that all his earnings from the commercial and sitcom was spent on daily living expenses during the period he and the other members did not receive financial funding from their agency for over a year.
Kim Sun-a left to pursue acting. The final member, high school student Kim Tae-woo, joined the group in July 1998 after sending in an audition tape and impressing Park Jin-young during their meeting. The now five-member band then became g.o.d, short for Groove Over Dose.
1999–2005: g.o.d
g.o.d debuted on television in January 1999 but their performance of "To Mother" (어머님께) was met with a lukewarm response from critics as the song's subject matter was highly unusual for that of an idol group, whom were usually pitched as teen idols. Nevertheless, the song would go on to be one of g.o.d's most famous hits. It was partly based on Joon's childhood being raised by a widowed single mother. The group also gained attention due to the large age gap between Park and Kim (12 years) and Park being much older than most of their contemporaries, who were either in their late teens or early twenties.
The group nearly broke up in 2001 after Park was discovered to be dating, which was considered to be taboo for most pop stars in South Korea at that time. Their management announced, without informing Park or the other group members, that Park was to leave the group and g.o.d would continue as a quartet. It was met with strong objection from fans, who signed petitions against the decision and threatened to boycott concerts. Ahn, Yoon, Son and Kim held their own press conference to show their support for Park and their management eventually backed down.
2006–2014: Hiatus and acting
With Yoon having left the group in 2004, they decided to take a break in 2006 as the lead vocalist of the group Kim Tae-woo was required to perform his compulsory military duty. The other four members began their solo careers in the entertainment industry while Park returned to the United States. He moved back to the Los Angeles area to pursue acting, having a cameo on Speed Racer as the Platinum blond-haired Yakuza Driver and the role of Yamcha in the live-action film version of Dragonball Evolution in which he starred with Chow Yun Fat, Justin Chatwin, Emmy Rossum and Jamie Chung. He injured his back while filming Dragonball Evolution and was forced to rehabilitate for over two years.
2014–present: Return to Korea
Park returned to Korea as the members of g.o.d had agreed to reunite for their 15th anniversary in 2014. He re-signed with SidusHQ, which also manages g.o.d. Since g.o.d's reunion, he has been utilizing his graphic design background in contributing to the production of their concerts, providing artwork for background visual effects and designing concert posters.
Park made a cameo as himself on MBC drama You Are My Destiny, which starred his long-time friend Jang Hyuk. In their scene, Jang's character enters rapping the opening verse of g.o.d's debut song "To Mother" in an exaggerated manner, a tongue-in-cheek reference to him starring in the song's music video. He and fellow K-pop stars Sunny from Girls' Generation and Jackson Wang from Got7 joined the cast for the second season of Roommate, a reality television series in which various celebrities share a house and are responsible for all household chores and meals. The show was not renewed for a third season due to low ratings despite the new additions being well-received.
Since returning to Korea, Park has largely been cast in various variety and reality shows such as Infinite Challenge, Saturday Night Live Korea, Radio Star, Life Bar and others, having gained popularity with audiences due to his cheerful persona and candidness. He also appeared in the music videos for "Shake That Brass", the title track of singer-rapper Amber Liu's debut EP Beautiful, and "Hot Sugar" (뜨거운 설탕), the comeback single of Kim Jong-kook's group Turbo.
In July 2018, Park opened a YouTube channel called Wassup Man featuring himself video blogging his travels in Korea. The videos began going viral on social media in South Korea and the channel had nearly 900,000 subscribers within two months. Based on data compiled by YouTube of the most viewed and popular videos in South Korea, Wassup Man drew the most South Korea-based subscribers within the shortest period of time during 2018.
In 2020, Wassup Man was adapted as a Netflix series titled Wassup Man GO featuring Park in Los Angeles.
Personal life
On May 4, 2015, Park's agency announced that he was engaged to Kim Yoo-Jin, a flight attendant whom he had been dating for about a year. They married on June 26, 2015. Their daughter was born on May 10, 2017.
Filmography
Films
Drama
Television shows
Discography
As a featured artist
References
External links
Profile on SidusHQ
Wassup Man
1969 births
Living people
G.o.d (South Korean band) members
American emigrants to South Korea
American male dancers
American male rappers
American musicians of Korean descent
American people of South Korean descent
American rappers of Asian descent
California State University, Long Beach alumni
Entertainers from Seoul
IHQ (company) artists
JYP Entertainment artists
Male actors from Seoul
People from Seongbuk District
People from Westminster, California
Singers from Seoul
South Korean male idols
21st-century American rappers
Miryang Park clan |
13161598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Tom%20and%20Jerry%20Cartoon%20Kit | The Tom and Jerry Cartoon Kit | The Tom and Jerry Cartoon Kit is a Tom and Jerry animated short film, produced and released on August 10, 1962. It was the ninth cartoon in a series of thirteen to be directed by Gene Deitch and produced by William L. Snyder in Czechoslovakia. It updates its copyright to the current year 1962 as opposed to the 1961 copyright of Dicky Moe.
The Tom and Jerry Cartoon Kit is a sarcastic attack on the series as a whole and its formulaic approach, which the short mocks as excessively violent and designed solely for profit. Deitch had strongly divergent views on animation compared to Tom and Jerrys creators, William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, that he openly expressed throughout his lifetime.
Plot
The cartoon begins with a demonstration for the Tom and Jerry Cartoon Kit, with which "anyone can now enter the lucrative field of animated cartoons." The items in the kit include the following:
"One mean, stupid cat" (Tom)
"One sweet, lovable mouse" (Jerry)
"Assorted deadly weapons" (a knife, a hammer, and a stick of dynamite)
Coffee and cigarettes (removed from the kit and described as being "for the cartoonists")
A slice of watermelon
The narrator says, "First, put the sweet, lovable mouse into a simple situation expressing a natural human need, such as eating a slice of watermelon contained in our kit. The result may not make sense, but it will last long enough for you to be comfortably seated before the feature begins." This statement refers to the original theatrical exhibition of the cartoon, which ran ahead of a feature film.
At first, Jerry eats the watermelon on the table and spits the seeds out, hitting and waking Tom, who initially grabs the hammer to attempt to hit Jerry but instead flicks him in the back of his head. Jerry swallows the seeds by accident, causing him to turn green for a moment and then make sounds like a shaker when he moves and goes into a lively dance until Tom traps him in a metal can. Tom uses Jerry as a maraca for his own dance; when the effect suddenly stops, Tom peeks inside only to get a mouthful of seeds spat into his face. Outraged, he devours the rest of the watermelon and turns his head into a cannon to fire blasts of seeds at Jerry, who takes cover in the kit box just before Tom hits it, damaging it and destroying the stick of dynamite.
The knife included in the kit sticks in the floor, barely missing Jerry, who begins to teach himself judo from a book that has landed nearby. He emerges with enough fighting skill to easily overpower Tom, even after the latter undergoes boxing training and then tries to attack with the knife. Tom eventually attends a judo school in order to face Jerry on even terms. The two then hold a breaking contest, in which each tries to outdo the other: Jerry with a wooden board, Tom with a brick, then Jerry again with a cement block. When Tom tries to break a huge block of marble, the bricks holding it up fracture and it crashes through the floor, taking him with it.
An unconscious Tom ends up in the battered box. Jerry replaces the lid as the narrator concludes, "Our next film will be for the kiddies, and will demonstrate a new poison gas. Thank you and good night." The wording on the lid has changed to read "The End – An MGM Cartoon." The music winds to a stop as if being played on a slowing phonograph record, and Jerry bows to the audience before the screen fades to black.
Reception
While the Deitch shorts were generally negatively received by Tom and Jerry fans, this particular short is often considered one of the best of the thirteen cartoons, due to its inventive plotline and satirical nature.
See also
List of American films of 1962
References
External links
1962 films
1962 short films
Films directed by Gene Deitch
Tom and Jerry short films
1960s American animated films
1962 comedy films
Self-reflexive films
1962 animated films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer short films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animated short films
Rembrandt Films short films
1960s English-language films
English-language comedy short films
English-language action comedy films |
13161602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagoretti%20Constituency | Dagoretti Constituency | Dagoretti Constituency was an electoral constituency in Kenya. It is one of eight constituencies of Nairobi. It was located to the west of Nairobi. It consisted of the western suburbs of Nairobi. Dagoretti constituency had common boundaries with Dagoretti Division of Nairobi. The entire constituency was located within Nairobi City Council area. The constituency had an area of 39 km2. The constituency boundaries were altered prior to the 1997 elections to include Kenyatta/Golf Course ward from Lang'ata, and moved Kangemi to Westlands. The constituency was partly formed from what was Nairobi West Constituency from 1963 to 1969.
Before the general election of 2013, Dagoretti Constituency was divided, with the bulk of the western and southern parts forming Dagoretti South Constituency; the south-east stretch combined with part of Lang'ata Constituency to form Kibra Constituency; the rest was combined with part of Westlands Constituency to form Dagoretti North Constituency.
Members of Parliament
Locations and wards
References
External links
Map of the constituency
Uchaguzikenya.com - Constituency profile
Constituencies in Nairobi
Former constituencies of Kenya
Constituencies established in 1969
Constituencies disestablished in 2013 |
13161605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortschaft | Ortschaft | Ortschaft is a term in German speaking countries for a human settlement. In several states of Germany, it is also used for administrative subdivisions of municipalities. These have been defined in the Gemeindeordnung or Kommunalverfassung of the respective federal state. This is the case in the states of Baden-Württemberg, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. The Ortschaften often, but not always, coincide with former municipalities, that were incorporated into another municipality. The inhabitants of an Ortschaft are represented by an elected Ortschaftsrat (local council) and/or a Ortsvorsteher (local representative).
References
Subdivisions of Germany |
13161610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius%20Minucius%20Basilus | Lucius Minucius Basilus | Lucius Minucius Basilus (died summer 43 BC) was a military commander and politician of the late Roman Republic, a trusted associate of Julius Caesar, who later participated in Caesar's assassination.
It was to Basilus that Cicero wrote his first excited note after hearing of the assassination of Caesar. In the notes to Cicero's Selected Letters, Basilus is described:
Basilus, denied a provincial command despite being a praetor, was insulted that Caesar tried to placate him with money, causing him to join the conspiracy. In 43 BC, he was killed by some of his own slaves whom he had punished by mutilation. He should probably be distinguished from L. Minucius Basilus, who took the name (instead of M. Satrius) on his adoption by a rich uncle, [and] mentioned as assuming by force the position of patronus over certain towns in Italy.
See also
Liberatores
Assassination of Julius Caesar
Notes
1st-century BC Romans
Ancient Roman generals
Ancient Roman murder victims
Correspondents of Cicero
Basilus, Lucius
Assassins of Julius Caesar
1st-century BC births
Year of birth unknown
43 BC deaths |
13161633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS%20Highland | NHS Highland | NHS Highland is one of the fourteen regions of NHS Scotland. Geographically, it is the largest Health Board, covering an area of from Kintyre in the south-west to Caithness in the north-east, serving a population of 320,000 people. In 2016–17 it had an operating budget of £780 million. It provides prehospital care, primary and secondary care services.
Organisational structure
NHS Highland is composed of two Health and Social Care Partnerships (HSCPs):
The Highland Health and Social Care partnership covers the local government area of Highland. It has two main divisions:
The North and West operational unit covers Caithness, Sutherland, Lochaber and Skye, Lochalsh and Wester Ross.
The Inner Moray Firth operating unit covers Raigmore Hospital, Badenoch and Strathspey, Mid Ross, Inverness and Nairn.
The Argyll and Bute Health and Social Care Partnership covers the local government area of Argyll and Bute. This includes the Cowal peninsula, which is closer to services in the central belt, than those in Inverness.
History
On 1 October 2001 NHS Highland health board was established. NHS Highland's first board members were announced 10 days later. In 2005 Community Health Partnerships (CHPs) were introduced.
On 1 April 2006, NHS Highland took over responsibility for part of the former NHS Argyll and Clyde region (corresponding approximately to the Argyll and Bute council area), the other part of which was transferred to NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde.
On 1 April 2012 NHS Highland became the lead agency responsible for Adult Social Care services, with the council taking over issues relating to children.
It directly employs over 10,500 people and there are also around 1,000 primary care staff in the region.
In December 2014, Broadford, Skye was chosen as the site for a new hospital, after a consultation process. Some campaigners had hoped that the central hub of services in Skye could have been based at Portree Hospital; however the Scottish Health Council has pronounced the process followed by the board as legitimate.
In 2017, the board reduced the number of main administrative buildings: refitting Assynt House, which the board owns, and reorganising Larch House, which is leased.
In 2017 the Highland PICT Team is started as a trial.
In 2020, Skyports, a drone delivery service provider, began delivering pathology samples, medicine, essential personal protective equipment and COVID-19 testing kits in Argyll and Bute. Delivery should take only 30 minutes, where previously it has taken 48 hours. Communication will be provided by Vodafone's 4G network and satellite communications. The plan is to integrate the operation into the local NHS supply chain.
March 2022, the PICT Team was awarded Highland Hero Emergency Services Hero of the Year.
Training initiatives
In 2011 NHS Highland announced it would be running a week-long "boot camp" for junior surgeons at Raigmore Hospital, Inverness.
Prehospital Care
NHS Highland funds and runs a specialist pre-hospital care team comprising a senior doctor and an advanced practitioner (nurse or paramedic). This is known as the Prehospital Immediate Care and Trauma (PICT) Team. The name being a play on words in relation to the Picts, the group of peoples who lived in what is now northern and eastern Scotland (north of the Firth of Forth) during Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. The team was the winner of the 2022 Highland Heroes awards in the category of Emergency Services.
PICT currently operates 12 hours per day, seven days a week, responding to around 150 patients a month. The PICT Team responds by land to major trauma (as an integrated part of the Scottish Trauma Network) and critically unwell patients in the Highlands of Scotland. The doctor on the PICT Care will also assume the role of the medical incident officer when required at a major incident. The PICT Team have attended a variety of incidents, including aircraft crashes, road traffic collisions, stabbings, shootings and critically unwell patients.
NHS Highland announced in early 2022 that they would defund the Inverness PICT Team, in steps which will leave the Highlands and Inverness without a seven-day physician-led enhanced care service. This led to the local MSP Sir Edward Mountain to campaign to save this prehospital resource from defunding. Mountain stated that "This pioneering service is essential when responding to major trauma incidents across the Highlands we simply cannot afford to lose it."
Hospitals
NHS Highland is responsible for a number of different types of hospital - a large district general hospital, 3 rural general hospitals, a psychiatric hospital and a number of community hospitals
District general hospital
Raigmore Hospital, Inverness
Rural general hospitals
Caithness General Hospital, Wick
Belford Hospital, Fort William
Lorn and Islands Hospital, Oban
Psychiatric hospitals
Argyll and Bute Hospital, Lochgilphead
New Craigs Hospital, Inverness
Community hospitals
Badenoch and Strathspey Community Hospital, Aviemore
Campbeltown Hospital, Campbeltown
County Community Hospital, Invergordon
Cowal Community Hospital, Dunoon
Dunbar Hospital, Thurso
Mackinnon Memorial Hospital, Broadford on Skye
Islay Hospital, Bowmore
Lawson Memorial Hospital, Golspie
Mid Argyll Community Hospital, Lochgilphead
Migdale Hospital, Bonar Bridge
Mull and Iona Community Hospital, Isle of Mull
Nairn Town and County Hospital, Nairn
Portree Hospital, Portree
RNI Community Hospital, Inverness
Ross Memorial Hospital, Dingwall
St Vincent's Hospital, Kingussie
Victoria Hospital, Rothesay
Victoria Integrated Care Centre, Helensburgh
Wick Town and County Hospital, Wick
Primary Care
The board started tests of the GP Near Me service with patients of Riverview Practice in Wick, Caithness in October 2018; with patients booking video appointments if a face-to-face appointment is not required. A similar system NHS Near Me has been used in Caithness for hospital outpatient appointments.
See also
Glencoe House
References
External links
Health in Highland (council area)
Organisations based in Inverness
2004 establishments in Scotland
Health in Argyll and Bute |
13161634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHV | NHV | NHV is three-letter abbreviation which may represent any of the following:
National Herbarium of Victoria in Australia
Netherlands Handball Association, the national Handball association in Netherlands.
New Haven Union Station in New Haven, Connecticut (Amtrak code)
Nuku Hiva Airport on Nuku Hiva in French Polynesia (IATA airport code)
Temascaltepec, Nahuatl language (ISO 639 code)
Noise, vibration, and harshness |
13161635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Nicholas%20Acons | St Nicholas Acons | Coordinates:
St Nicholas Acons was a parish church in the City of London. In existence by the late 11th century, it was destroyed during the Great Fire of London of 1666 and not rebuilt.
History
The church was situated on the west side of Nicholas Lane in Langbourn ward of the City of London. The name 'Acons' was derived from that of a mediaeval benefactor. The church is recorded as early as 1084, when Godwinus and his wife Turund gave its patronage to Malmesbury Abbey. It passed to the Crown on the dissolution of the monasteries.
St Nicholas' was destroyed during the Great Fire of London of 1666 and not rebuilt. Instead the parish was united with that of St Edmund the King and Martyr, Lombard Street in 1670. The name retained as the name of a precinct in the south-western part of Langbourn Ward.
In the 1860s a proposed unification of the benefice of St Edmunds with St Nicholas and that of St Mary Woolnoth with St Mary Woolchurch Haw was vigorously defended by St Nicholas Acons' discrete churchwardens. In 1964 the churchyard was excavated and important Saxon remains found, but in the last decade of the 20th century Gordon Huelin noted that only a City Corporation commemoration at the site of the old parsonage remained to indicate a church had ever been there.
Present day
The parish now forms part of the combined parish of "St Edmund the King and Martyr, and
St Mary Woolnoth Lombard Street with St Nicholas Acons, All Hallows Lombard Street, St Benet Gracechurch, St Leonard Eastcheap, St Dionis Backchurch and St Mary Woolchurch Haw" – usually shortened to 'St Edmund and St Mary Woolnoth'. It is part of the Church of England's Diocese of London.
Notes and references
Bibliography
"The Register Book of the parish of St. Nicholas Acons, London, 1539–1812" Brigg, W(Transc) p 160: Leeds, Walker & Laycock, 1890.
Church of England, Parish of St. Nicholas Acons. – PLAN OF THE PARISH OF SAINT NICHOLAS ACON'S LOMBARD STREET 1875 / George Leg, 1875 ms. plan. – k1264830 cited in "City of London Parish Registers Guide 4" Hallows, A. (Ed): London, Guildhall Library Research, 1974 .
"Vanished churches of the City of London", Huelin, G p21 : London Guildhall Library Publishing, 1996
A Descriptive Account of the Guildhall of the City of London-Its History and Associations in "The English Historical Review" Price, J.E. pp. 154–158: Oxford, Oxford University Press Jan., 1888 (Vol. 3, No. 9)
The Proposed Union Of City Benefices in "The Times" p 10: London, The Times Newspaper, 1861 (Wednesday, 20 November; Issue 24095; col C)
Local Administrative Units: Southern England Youngs, F. p. 302 :London, Royal Historical Society, 1979
"The London Encyclopaedia" Hibbert, C; Weinreb, D; Keay, J: London, Pan Macmillan, 1983 (rev 1993,2008)
External links
11th-century church buildings in England
1666 disestablishments in England
Churches destroyed in the Great Fire of London and not rebuilt
Churches in the City of London
Former buildings and structures in the City of London |
13161653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20University%20of%20South%20Carolina | History of the University of South Carolina | This history of the University of South Carolina began in the 18th century when intersectional differences arose between the Lowcountry and the Upstate. It was conceived that a state supported college located in the center of the state at Columbia, South Carolina, would foster friendships between those of both regions thus allowing the state to present a united front to the nation when threatened with issues jeopardizing the South Carolina way of life. The University of South Carolina's history can be described in four distinct phases: a firebrand college (1801–1862), constant reorganization (1865–1891), college to university (1891–1944) and the state's university (1944–present).
Firebrand college, 1801–1862
South Carolina College
The university was founded as South Carolina College on December 19, 1801, by an act of the General Assembly after Governor John Drayton pushed for its foundation on November 23, 1801. The establishment of a publicly funded college at the capital was intended to unite and promote harmony between the Lowcountry and the Backcountry. On January 10, 1805, having an initial enrollment of nine students, the college commenced classes with a traditional classical curriculum. Jonathan Maxcy was its first president and served until his death in 1820.
With the generous support of the General Assembly, South Carolina College acquired a reputation as the leading institution of the South and attracted several noteworthy scholars, including Francis Lieber, Thomas Cooper, and Joseph LeConte. However, the college suffered greatly and lost most of its prestige when it closed during the American Civil War.
Civil War
The students formed a cadet company in December 1860 to aid the Southern cause, but an order by Governor Pickens prevented them from leaving Columbia. Undeterred, the students disbanded their company on April 12 and formed a new company while en route to Charleston so that the governor's previous holding orders would be invalid. Once in Charleston, General Beauregard assigned the company to guard Sullivan's Island, much to the dismay of the students who greatly desired to be a part of the Battle of Fort Sumter. After three weeks of guard duty, the student cadet company returned to Columbia to a hero's welcome.
Later in June 1861, the students reformed the company and requested to be accepted for service. Governor Pickens accepted their request provided that the faculty also approved the venture, but the faculty did not give its consent because they did not want the college to needlessly be closed. The frustrated students even went as far as negotiating service of their unit with President Jefferson Davis, who agreed, but again Governor Pickens denied their use because the faculty was not willing to let them go.
When the students returned in October, they reorganized their military unit as the "third company." The Union attack of the South Carolina coast in November at the Battle of Port Royal led Governor Pickens to agree to their request to be mustered for active duty, but President Longstreet and the faculty steadfastly maintained their opposition to the students leaving for service. However, with the support of the governor the students ignored the protests of the faculty and departed for the Lowcountry. Governor Pickens kept the student company in Charleston to serve as his bodyguard and because the Union forces at Port Royal did not press their advantage, he released the students from military service on December 10.
Seventy-two students were present for classes in January 1862 and the college functioned as best it could until a call by the Confederate government for South Carolina to fill its quota of 18,000 soldiers. A system of conscription would begin on March 20 for all men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, so on March 8 all of the students at the college volunteered for service in order to avoid the dishonor of having been conscripted. Despite the depletion of students, the professors issued a notice that the college would temporarily close and would reopen to those under eighteen. When the college reopened on March 17, only nine students showed up for classes and it became quite apparent to all that the college would not last past the end of the term in June.
On June 25 with the consent of the state government, the Confederate authorities took possession of the college buildings and converted them into a hospital. After many unsuccessful attempts to reopen the college, the trustees passed a resolution on December 2, 1863, that officially closed the college. By February 1865, Sherman's army had reached the outskirts of Columbia and the college was spared from destruction by the Union forces because of its use as a hospital. In addition, a company of the 25th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment was stationed at the campus on February 17 to protect it from harm and to thwart off pillaging Yankee soldiers.
Reorganization, 1865–1891
Radical University
The Union army took possession of the college on May 24, 1865, and although the future for the college under military control, General John Porter Hatch sent a letter on June 19 to the remaining professors at the college that it should reopen as soon as possible. The appointment of Benjamin Franklin Perry as provisional governor of South Carolina on June 30 by President Andrew Johnson restored civilian rule to the state. Perry reinstated the trustees to their positions and the board met on September 20 to authorize the college to reopen on the first Monday of January in 1866.
In a message to the legislature in October, Perry sought to convert the college into a university because with the state in an impoverished situation, it would provide a more practical education. The model that he wished to follow was the elective system used by the University of Virginia. Perry was succeeded in November as governor by James Lawrence Orr, a graduate of the University of Virginia, who also wished to see the college adopt the curriculum of his alma mater. Little opposition developed to change the college into a university and bill to establish the University of South Carolina was passed by the General Assembly on December 19, 1865, sixty-four years after the institution's foundation.
The schools of the university remained largely the same as they were in the college, with the addition of a school of engineering and mathematics. For the students, the difference was great because they were given much more freedom than afforded in the college, and they were given the ability to choose their classes rather than having to submit to a compulsory curriculum identical for all. Perry and Orr believed that the relaxed atmosphere at the university would allow it to prosper and reach three or four hundred students in a few years.
The reopening of the university was pushed back to January 10 due to the dilapidated condition of the buildings on the campus and to celebrate the anniversary of the original opening of South Carolina College. Fewer than fifty students attended in the first term, which alarmed Governor Orr. He recommended to the General Assembly that schools of law and medicine be added, which the legislature established in 1866. Despite this step, the university faced an ominous future as the state was beginning to undergo Reconstruction.
After Radical Republicans gained control of the state government in 1868, they sought to integrate the university; the constitution of 1868 had stated that all universities of the state should be "free and open to all the children and youths of the State, without regard to race and color." Former Governor Orr urged the legislature to preserve the university as an institution for the whites and to convert the dormant campus of The Citadel into a college for the blacks. Governor Robert Kingston Scott ignored this request and recommended that the legislature bring the university into compliance with the Morrill Act to make it qualify as a land grant college and accept federal aid; it had to remove race as an admissions criteria.
The University Act of 1869 reorganized the university and provided it with generous state financial support. An amendment was added to the act by W. J. Whipper, a black representative from Beaufort, to prevent racial discrimination from the admissions policy of the university. The legislature elected two black trustees to the governing board of the university on March 9, 1869. Franklin J. Moses, Jr., state representative and speaker of the house, also supported admission of all races to the state school. In October 1873, Henry E. Hayne, the Republican secretary of state, was admitted as the first black student; he was of mostly white ancestry with a white politician father.
The admission of black students to the university was inevitable, and three factors contributed to this. First, the university never achieved a level of enrollment that was commensurate with its financial backing by the legislature. Enrollment never exceeded one hundred students, whereas the enrollment at Wofford College exceeded that mark in 1870. White students were believed to avoid the university from fear it would be integrated. The second reason was the failure of the state to provide an adequate public university for the education of blacks. It was trying to compensate rapidly for the state's failure to educate blacks in the antebellum years. In 1872, funds were allocated for the Agricultural and Mechanical Institute at Orangeburg, but they were badly mismanaged. Black legislators called for the opening of the university to black students. Finally, the state Republican party split for the election of 1872 between Radical and moderate factions. The Radicals won and pressed their advantage by electing four blacks to the Board of Trustees, thus constituting a majority.
The legislature established a normal school to train teachers for the lower grades on the campus of the university as well as a preparatory school, since most black students of the state had been deprived of strong academic training in years past. In addition, to encourage enrollment by blacks, tuition and other fees were abolished. On October 7, 1873, Henry E. Hayne, the Secretary of State of South Carolina, became the first black student when he registered for the fall session in the medical college of the university. As a result of his enrollment, three professors resigned, and some white students left.
On October 8, enrollment stood at eight students, seven of whom were the sons of professors. The number increased to twenty-two students after many politicians registered with the university to show that it was open for both races, yet few of the politicians attended classes. Troubled by the low enrollment, State Treasurer of South Carolina, Francis L. Cardozo went to Washington and persuaded a handful of students at Howard University to transfer to the university. Drastic measures were required to increase the number of students and the legislature passed an act in February 1874 to provide for 124 scholarships of $200. The conservative press denounced this move because with the absence of tuition, it meant that students were effectively being paid to attend the university, but poor students were often critical to family support, and scholarships helped them cover living expenses. Many of the scholarship students could not meet the entrance requirements into the freshman class, so the faculty assembled them into a sub-freshman class. This plan was abolished in 1875 as the legislature had not authorized it.
The scholarships achieved their desired effect in increasing enrollment and by 1875, 90% of the student body was black. The University of South Carolina holds the distinction of being the only state university in the South to admit and grant degrees to black students during Reconstruction. When the Democrats regained control of the state legislature in 1876, they quickly acted to end admission of blacks, closing the university on June 7, 1877, by a joint resolution of the General Assembly. They passed legislation authorizing only white students and setting up Claflin College as the state institution for black students.
Redeemer University
It was far from certain that the university would be reopened and debate ensued in the General Assembly over the necessity of the university. Many legislators, led by Martin Witherspoon Gary, felt that the state had other obligations and it was not practical for the state to spend money on the university. In addition, these legislators were from the Upstate and had no attachment to the university. They were not part of the planter elite and had attended other schools. An act to reorganize the university was passed by the state Senate by two votes on March 2, 1878, but it did not provide for the appropriation of funds to the reopening. The act specified that the university was to consist of two branches, one styled as the South Carolina College in Columbia for the whites and Claflin College in Orangeburg for the blacks. In order to mollify agitation by the farming interests, a section of the act specified that an agricultural department was to be established with the university.
On October 5, 1880, the institution was reopened as the South Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts and largely derived its funding from the Morrill Act. Despite its name as an agriculture and mechanical college, few students showed an interest in either area. Only nine students worked the college farm for the first session and just twenty-one attended the mechanical shop. Because the state could not afford a liberal arts university, it took advantage of the Morrill Act in order to acquire federal funds, and offered some agriculture program to satisfy its requirements.
By 1881, the state's financial situation was markedly improved and Governor Johnson Hagood called for greater expenditures on higher education. With a much higher appropriation, the trustees abolished the farming and mechanical foreman positions, in 1882 restoring the institution to its antebellum status as the South Carolina College. An agriculture department remained, but little of the curriculum was agricultural, and it was essentially identical to the general science program. The department suffered from neglect because its professor, John McLaren McBryde, was also the president of the institution and in that position he focused most of his energies.
In the latter years of the 1880s, the college increasingly came under attack from religious groups and agricultural interests. The denominational colleges, struggling to rebuild from the Civil War, demanded that free tuition be ended at the college, and the General Assembly capitulated in 1887 by fixing tuition rates at $40 per year. Led by Ben Tillman [who owned 400 acres as a planter, cultivated by tenant farmers], the agrarians pushed to establish a separate agriculture college because they believed that the college was not providing an adequate education in agriculture. Despite Tillman's rhetoric, a majority of the students were sons of farmers. At that time, the most advanced agricultural research was being conducted at Cornell and the University of California, both liberal arts colleges.
To take advantage of the Hatch Act and to assuage the concerns of the farmers, the legislature passed an act in 1887 to reorganize the college as the University of South Carolina with six schools and colleges. An agricultural experiment station was set up, the college farm was expanded by , and a well-developed agriculture program was initiated. The university was so successful that Ben Tillman announced his retirement from public life.
Thomas Green Clemson bequeathed his estate in 1888 to establish and endow a separate agriculture college in the state. Tillman reemerged to carry the cause to the legislature and in 1889, Governor Richardson signed the bill accepting the bequest. The Morrill and Hatch funds were transferred to the new agriculture college in June 1890, and the university's agricultural department was closed. The vitality of the university was threatened during the 1890 campaign when Ben Tillman advocated its closing. Although he won the election for governor, he completed reorganization of the university as a liberal arts college during his term.
College to university, 1891–1944
Wounded institution
The university was reorganized as the South Carolina College in 1891, and it struggled to attract students through the rest of the decade. It was restricted to teaching the subjects of law, literature, classics, and theoretical science. The prestige of the college had fallen such that in 1893, a proposal was offered in the legislature to close the campus and provide homes for Confederate veterans on it instead. With enrollment lagging and the state lacking a liberal arts school for women, the legislature passed a bill in 1893 that mandated the college to admit women. On September 24, 1895, Frances Guignard Gibbes was the first woman to be admitted to the college, and in 1898 Mattie Jean Adams was the first to graduate.
Although Tillman had crippled the institution when he became governor, he did not let it die. The number of students steadily declined from a high of 235 in 1889 to a low of 68 in 1894; but despite the urging of legislators to close it, Tillman ensured through his governorship that the college received an adequate level of funding. Tillman re-established the normal school at the college, long dormant since the end of Reconstruction. In addition, the legislature authorized adding engineering to the college in 1894 despite a previous prohibition.
Reemergence as a university
The victory by Duncan Clinch Heyward in the gubernatorial election of 1902 marked the end of Tillmanism and the return of support by the governor's office for the institution. Heyward pushed the legislature to convert the college into a university in 1905 to mark the centennial by providing the state with a capstone for its educational system. The effort failed when legislators feared that The Citadel was to be absorbed into the university, but the measure was reintroduced in 1906 and passed on February 17 to charter the institution for the last time as the University of South Carolina.
For the next forty years, the institution struggled to find its identity as it cycled through periods of achieving popularity versus academic excellence. Under the vigorous leadership of President Samuel Chiles Mitchell from 1909 to 1913, enrollment at the university doubled; he brought the university to the state by setting up extension courses in 1910. Incessant criticism by Governor Coleman Livingston Blease over Mitchell's handling of university affairs led to his resignation and the trustees elected William Spenser Currell with the intention of raising the level of scholarship at the university. Entrance requirements were made more stringent and Currell's efforts were rewarded when in 1917 the university became the first state-supported college or university in South Carolina to earn accreditation by the Southern Association.
The entrance of America into World War I was enthusiastically supported by the student body, and the vast majority participated in the ROTC unit at the university. To compensate for the loss of enrollment because of conscription, the war department replaced the ROTC program with the Student Army Training Corps. After the war, the SATC was disbanded and military training was made compulsory for freshman and sophomore students in the ROTC program. The ROTC program was scrapped in 1921 due to lack of interest.
An aura of stagnation existed at the university in the early 1920s and the trustees elected William Davis Melton in 1922 to revive its fortunes. Melton launched a campaign to popularize the institution by convincing the people of the state that it was not exclusively for the elite or a special interest group, but rather for the masses. He gained a major increase in the appropriation by the legislature for the university, and in 1924 student enrollment surpassed that of Clemson for the first time. Following Melton's death in 1926, Davison McDowell Douglas was elected president to consolidate the gains and tighten academic standards. The board of trustees called upon James Rion McKissick in 1936 to return to Melton's policies of popularizing the university.
McKissick established the University News Service to combat perceived misconceptions of the university and to promote the high moral character of the students. Due in large part to his efforts, enrollment reached record numbers and the university entered the 1940s with a renewed sense of optimism. Yet, the world soon became engulfed by World War II. To help with the loss of enrollment because of mobilization, the university received a Naval ROTC detachment. The university was quickly transformed into a Naval school when the Navy set up a V-5 Navy Flight Preparatory School, a Civil Aeronautics Administration-War Training Service program, and a V-12 Navy College Training Program. The V-12 program was the most important to the university because the trainees were enrolled in classes; they became active participants in student life and extracurricular activities.
The State's University, 1944–present
New and greater university
By November 1944 it was clear that World War II would soon be coming to a close and the servicemen would return to enroll in the university in massive numbers due in large part because of the passage of the G.I. Bill. Speaker of the South Carolina House of Representatives and trustee of the university Solomon Blatt unveiled a proposal called the "new and greater university" plan that would move the university from its present site to a site just outside Columbia. At the time, the university was the smallest state university in the South and a larger campus would more easily allow for expansion at much less cost. The idea of a move came from that of the relocation of Louisiana State University in 1925 and it was envisioned that a new campus would provide the impetus for the University of South Carolina "to establish itself as a great American state university."
Blatt obtained support from all the key players in the politics of South Carolina to facilitate the proposal: Governor Olin D. Johnston, Governor-elect Ransome Judson Williams, Chairman of the Senate Budget Committee Edgar Allan Brown, and Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee Morris Tuten. The Board of Trustees approved the plan in December 1944 by a vote of 17–2, although complaints were issued from the dissenting voters that the decision was made with too much haste and without any input from the public. In addition, Blatt chose Navy Rear Admiral Norman Murray Smith as the president of the university in large part because he held connections in the political establishments of South Carolina and the federal government necessary to secure funds for the relocation of the university.
However, Blatt's proposal caused an intense uproar in the state because alumni and students felt that it would needlessly sever the university from its antebellum tradition. Other complaints arose that the process itself did not allow for public input and it was detested as a product of the Barnwell Ring. Even with the outpouring of condemnation, municipalities lobbied to have the university moved to their locale such as Camden, Cheraw, Georgetown, Manning, Spartanburg, Sumter, Kershaw County and Oconee County. Blatt realized that his proposal in February 1945 would not receive the necessary support in the legislature and he modified it so that the university would expand upon its existing area. This idea was warmly received by the alumni and students, but it died in the Finance Committee after Senator Edgar Brown declined to take up the matter.
After World War II, enrollment at the university swelled from the influx of veterans. They were wholeheartedly welcomed by President Smith who actively campaigned for their attendance and he announced that every qualified veteran would be admitted to the university. The vast majority of South Carolina veterans chose to attend the university because of its hospitable atmosphere, but also for other reasons. They did not want to attend Clemson or The Citadel because "the prospect of returning home to attend a military college was distasteful for the older men leaving the military after fighting the largest war in world history." In addition, Clemson's rural location and its self-imposed restriction on the number of students made it inaccessible for a large number of veterans. The university offered several special programs to meet the needs of the veterans and it continued an accelerated calendar until 1949. It was at this point in history that the two universities switched reputations and missions. Carolina became known as the university for the common man and an institution accessible for all whereas Clemson settled into a status of elitism.
President Smith faced increasing criticism through his tenure because he failed to articulate a clear policy for the university's future and he did not campaign for the legislature to appropriate enough funds for its needs. As president of a public university, Smith's chief responsibility was to be its publicist and develop ties with the political power of the state. Instead, Sol Blatt grew tired of having to carry the burden for the university in the legislature and Governor Thurmond felt that he received an icy reception from the administration. In 1952, Smith resigned and the protégé of Governor Byrnes, Donald S. Russell, was elected president by the Board of Trustees.
Growth and prosperity
The ascendancy of Russell was crucial for the university at a critical moment in its history because he brought youth and dynamic leadership to the Presidency. His vision for the university was for it to be the capstone of the state's higher education system and for it to be the senior partner to the other state colleges. Russell's first step toward building a great university was the strengthening of the faculty by bringing in nationally known professors. Secondly, he improved the academics at the university through the expansion of courses, the revamping of programs and the introduction of entrance examinations. A report conducted by MIT to overhaul the engineering department became the standard used by the American Society for Engineering Education to accredit all engineering schools. In response to the ruling by the Supreme Court of Brown v. Board of Education, the university instituted entrance examinations so as to prevent the mass rush of black high school graduates to enroll at USC. The examinations were also welcomed because they would promote individual merit over wealth or connections and USC became the first college to introduce entrance examinations. Thirdly, a massive building and renovation program was initiated and it was made possible through the acquisition of the properties on the southern boundary of the campus. The renaissance enjoyed by the university became evident by the speakers for commencement addresses and special convocations. Among the distinguished who came to speak at the university were John F. Kennedy, Carl Sandburg, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., René Pleven, and John Foster Dulles.
Russell resigned in 1957 so that he could run for governor in 1958 and Robert L. Sumwalt was named as the temporary president by the trustees. By the end of the summer of 1958, Russell had failed to win the Democratic nomination for governor and the university was still without a permanent president. A movement was started to bring Russell back as the President and he gave positive indications that he would return as president if offered. Yet, many were opposed because they felt that Russell was opportunistic and would leave the university again for the next gubernatorial campaign. Russell had also annoyed many associated with the university through his harsh rhetoric against Ernest Hollings on the campaign trail. The board of trustees was split and instead voted unanimously in 1959 to make Sumwalt the permanent president.
An initiative started by Russell and continued by Sumwalt was the establishment of regional campuses and the formation of the University System. The first extension campus was set up at Florence in 1957 and additional campuses were gained in Beaufort, Lancaster and Conway in 1959. Another campus was added to the system in 1961 at Aiken. The University System served two purposes, it expanded the university's reach across the state and the branch campuses acted as a feeder system for the main campus in Columbia.
Sumwalt retired in 1962 and he was replaced by Thomas F. Jones as president. Immediately, Jones was confronted by the integration problem that the university faced. Clemson admitted Harvey Gantt in January 1963 and it was just a matter of time before the university would be forced to admit blacks. USC exhausted its legal options in the summer and although large sentiment was against the integration of the university, there was no extra resistance to it requiring federal troops as occurred that same summer at the University of Alabama or at the University of Mississippi the previous year; the latter of which contained violence which had a dramatic conscientious effect on many segregationists in the university community. A student leader perhaps best expressed the altered sentiments of many when he wrote that while "we do not want integration . . . neither do we want to be blamed for the loss of dignity and integrity." On September 11, African-Americans Henrie Dobbins Monteith, Robert G. Anderson, and James L. Solomon, Jr. were admitted to the university peacefully.
For the next two decades following integration, the university experienced rapid growth and expansion due in large part to the baby boomer generation entering college. Enrollment stood at 5,660 in 1960, but by 1979 had reached nearly 26,000 students on the Columbia campus alone. The expansion of the university was not limited to the Columbia campus; additional campuses and colleges were set up throughout the state. Clemson established an extension center in 1965 at Sumter, only away from Columbia. Sol Blatt, then the Speaker of the House, wrote President Tom Jones that "the University should build as many two year colleges over the State as rapidly as possible to prevent the expansion of Clemson schools for the Clemson people." President Jones heeded Blatt's advice and over the next decade, the university added campuses in Allendale, Spartanburg, Union and Walterboro. The Clemson extension at Sumter never proved popular, and USC acquired the campus in 1973.
The growth of the university in the 1960s and 70s also brought with it the social activism and disorder of the time. Due to the massive influx of so many students in a short time period, the administration lost control of student life. Drug and alcohol use became so rampant at the university that it became known as a party school. Black students protested the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. in April 1968 by setting fire to Hamilton College and the USC Field House. On May 7, 1970, approximately 400 students seized the Russell House as a symbolic gesture towards honoring those killed in the Kent State shootings and four days later on May 11, they attempted to meet with the members of the board of trustees, but were rebuffed. Columbia police were called in to quell the student protest but were ineffective. State troopers were also unable to disperse the students. National Guard troops were ordered to the campus by Gov. Bob McNair, and soon dispersed most of the protestors with tear gas. The inability of the administration to control such student outbursts led to President Jones' resignation in 1974. But he had succeeded in turning a sleepy southern college into a full-fledged research institution.
International recognition
James B. Holderman, a flamboyant and charming executive, was elected president by the board of trustees in 1977. Right away, Holderman championed a proposal to create an honors college because it would foster an academic environment conducive to excellence necessary to keep South Carolina's best students instate. The proposal was approved and the first students were admitted into the South Carolina Honors College in 1978.
A persistent problem for the university was the Columbia campus's relationship with the semi-autonomous regional campuses. Once a campus reached a Full-time equivalent of 1,000 students, it was entitled to become a four-year college and the campuses in Aiken, Spartanburg, and Conway took advantage of this rule. The law providing such a transformation was repealed, but it was apparent that the regional campuses were acting in their own interests and not for the university system. Furthermore, the Columbia campus had to compete against its regional campuses for funding because each campus submitted its budget to the General Assembly. To correct these problems, Holderman issued the Carolina Plan that outlined a centralized and unified approach to be taken by the university system. This meant that it would be necessary for lawmakers to fully fund the university system in order for the branch campus to receive the funds they need. The Carolina Plan worked brilliantly as the university system was fully funded in 1977 for the first time since 1967.
Following up on his success with the Carolina Plan, Holderman issued the Carolina Plan II which called for making USC an international university and a "Window to the World." To achieve his goals, Holderman used his connections and his personal charisma to attract world leaders to the USC campus. He was able to put USC on the map by bringing in such world leaders as UN Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim, President Ronald Reagan, Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser and many other foreign dignitaries. The highlight of the visits was that of Pope John Paul II in 1987. He exclaimed on the Horseshoe that "it is wonderful to be young and a student at the University of South Carolina." The Pope later led a non-denominational service before more than 60,000 at Williams-Brice Stadium.
The international spotlight on the university came at a price and an inquisitive journalism student led to Holderman's downfall. Paul Perkins, a journalism student upset with tuition increases, requested that the university release the salary of visiting professor Jehan Sadat. Holderman balked and refused to release the details even after Perkins and his wife Cheryl filed a Freedom of Information Act request. This denial and the secrecy on the part of the administration led the media to scrutinize other aspects of Holderman's presidency. They inspected his travel budgets and construction contracts and found overwhelming evidence of financial irregularities and extravagant spending. In face of all the negative publicity, Holderman resigned in 1990. Holderman would later be convicted of laundering drug money in 2003. The university trustees elected John M. Palms to succeed Holderman to restore the institution's credibility and respect in the state and world. After leading the university's bicentennial celebrations in 2001, Palms retired and was replaced by Andrew A. Sorensen in 2002. During his tenure from 2002 to 2008, Sorensen raised large sums for research, including a $300 million grant for colorectal cancer. In the spirit of Palms' "Cathedrals of Excellence" budgeting philosophy, the board of directors moved to transform university land on Assembly Street into an "innovation district" called Innovista that will develop four strengths: biomedicine, nanotechnology, environmental science and alternative fuels. The Board of Trustees announced the selection of Harris Pastides as the university's 28th president on July 11, 2008. After 11 years as president, Pastides was succeeded by former Superintendent of West Point Robert L. Caslen on August 1, 2019.
Previous Institution Names
Chartered as South Carolina College on December 19, 1801
Chartered as the University of South Carolina on January 10, 1866
Chartered as South Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanics on October 3, 1880
Chartered as South Carolina College in 1882
Chartered as the University of South Carolina on May 9, 1888
Chartered as South Carolina College on April 21, 1890
Chartered as the University of South Carolina on February 17, 1906
Literary societies
Student literary societies were an important part of student life at Carolina for the first 150 years or so. The Philomathic was the first such society and was formed within weeks of the opening of SCC in 1805; it included practically the whole student body. In 1806 it was split into the Clariosophic and Euphradian societies.
After the university admitted women students, the Hypatian Society was founded in 1915 for women, followed by the Euphrosynean Society in 1924. While both the Clariosophic and Euphradian Societies were deactivated in the 1970s, alumni from the Euphradian Society reactivated the organization in 2010. The Clariosophic Society was reactivated in 2013. Both societies continue to operate to this day.
Footnotes
Resources
University of South Carolina
University of South Carolina |
13161666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioncounda%20Traor%C3%A9 | Dioncounda Traoré | Dioncounda Traoré (born 23 February 1942) is a Malian politician who was President of Mali in an interim capacity from April 2012 to September 2013. Previously he was President of the National Assembly of Mali from 2007 to 2012, and he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1994 to 1997. He was President of the Alliance for Democracy in Mali-African Party for Solidarity and Justice (ADEMA-PASJ) beginning in 2000, and he was also President of the Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ADP), an alliance of parties that supported the re-election of President Amadou Toumani Touré in 2007.
Political career
Traoré was born in Kati. After studying abroad in the Soviet Union, at the University of Algiers, and at the University of Nice, he taught in Mali at the Teachers' College (ENSUP) from 1977 to 1980. He was then arrested for trade union activities and sent to Ménaka in northern Mali. Subsequently, he became director-general of the National School of Engineering. He participated in the struggle for democracy that culminated with the overthrow of President Moussa Traoré in March 1991. He was a founding member of ADEMA, and at its constitutive congress, held on 25–26 May 1991, he was elected as its second vice-president, while Alpha Oumar Konaré was elected as the party's president and Mamadou Lamine Traoré was elected as its first vice-president.
After Konaré was elected as President of Mali in the 1992 presidential election, Traoré was appointed Minister of the Civil Service, Labor, and the Modernization of Administration on 9 June 1992, in the first government under Konaré's presidency. He was then named Minister of State for Defense on 16 April 1993, holding that position until he became Minister of State for Foreign Affairs on 25 October 1994. At ADEMA's first ordinary congress, held in September 1994, Traoré was elected as the First Vice-President of the party, while Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta was elected as its president.
He was elected to the National Assembly as a Deputy from Nara in 1997 and resigned as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs on 24 August 1997 to take his seat. In the National Assembly, he became President of the ADEMA Parliamentary Group and following the resignation of Keïta as ADEMA President in October 2000, Traoré was elected as ADEMA President at the party's first extraordinary congress, held on 25–28 November 2000. In the 2002 parliamentary election, he was defeated in Nara and lost his seat.
In the July 2007 parliamentary election, Traoré ran again at the head of an ADEMA list in Nara, where three seats were at stake. In the first round, his list won 39.59% of the vote, and in the second round it prevailed with 58.41% of the vote. When the new National Assembly held its first meeting on 3 September 2007, Traoré was elected as President of the National Assembly, receiving 111 votes against 31 for Mountaga Tall of the National Congress for Democratic Initiative (CNID), another member of the ADP.
2012 coup and interim presidency
Following the March 2012 military coup, which precipitated economic sanctions and a blockade by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) against Mali, a deal, brokered in Burkina Faso by President Blaise Compaoré under the auspices of ECOWAS, was signed on 6 April 2012 that would see the head of the military junta, Captain Amadou Sanogo, cede power to Dioncounda Traoré to assume the presidency in an interim capacity until an election could be held. Traoré had left the country following the coup, but returned on 7 April.
Traoré was sworn in as president at a ceremony on 12 April 2012. He pledged to "wage a total and relentless war" on the Tuareg rebellion in Mali's north unless it relinquished its control of northern Malian cities and its declared state of Azawad.
On 13 August 2012, he reappointed Cheick Modibo Diarra as Prime Minister, giving Diarra three days to form a unity government. Traoré was eventually succeeded as president by Ibrahim Boubacar Keita on 4 September 2013, after the latter prevailed in the July–August 2013 presidential election.
On 21 May 2012, soldiers allowed a group of pro-coup demonstrators into Traoré's office in Bamako. The demonstrators, who had been carrying a mock coffin with Traoré's name written on it, fought past two Red Beret guards to attack him. When one of the guards put a helmet on Traoré's head to protect him, a member of the crowd removed it and used it to beat Traoré. Other members of the crowd punched and kicked him. Traoré was then stripped naked, with members of the crowd carrying away pieces of his clothing. Jeune Afrique reported that members of the crowd shouted triumphantly that he was dead.
He was brought to Point G Hospital but was not conscious, apparently suffering from a head injury. Three protesters were killed and others wounded when Traoré's security fired on the attackers. After an examination showed no serious injury, Traoré was taken to a secure location. PM Cheick Modibo Diarra called for calm and an end to protest marches, stating that the attack was "not worthy of our country". On 23 May, it was announced that Traoré would travel to France for further health checks, reportedly including an examination of his pacemaker. He remained there for two months, returning on 27 July.
On 5 June 2012, coup supporters Boubacar Bore, Yacouba Niare and Mamadou Sangare were arrested in connection with the attack. A video of the attack was posted by Jeune Afrique on 29 June.
After leaving office in 2013, Traoré headed the African Union's observer mission for the April 2016 presidential election in Chad. He gave the vote a positive assessment, although he noted that there were irregularities.
References
|-
|-
1942 births
Living people
Alliance for Democracy in Mali politicians
Foreign ministers of Mali
Government ministers of Mali
Heads of state of Mali
Members of the National Assembly (Mali)
Presidents of the National Assembly (Mali)
University of Algiers alumni
People from Koulikoro Region
21st-century Malian people
People of the Mali War |
13161668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Heebee-jeebees | The Heebee-jeebees | The Heebee-jeebees are a Canadian a cappella quartet formed in 1993 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The Heebee-jeebees have released 9 recordings, all to international recognition including 4 CARA nominations and 2 CARA Awards. They have won the Canadian A Cappella Northern Harmony Championships twice, and have been named the inaugural inductee into the Northern Harmony Hall of Fame. The group often incorporates comedy and audience interaction into their performances.
Currently the band's lineup is Jonathan Love (tenor), Chris Herard (tenor), Ken Lima-Coelho (tenor), and Cédric Blary (bass).
Discography
Albums are all independent releases on the Heebee-jeebees' own label "Guy Records".
Hurry Up and Wait (1995)
Waiting Under the Mistletoe (1997)
Heebee-jeebee TV (2000)
FALALALALA! (2001)
Xmas Nuts (2004)
Surgical Strike (2006)
Christmas Crackers (2007)
Swamp Mix! (2010)
Awards
2008 First a Group inaugurated into the Canadian A Cappella Hall of Fame
2004 - Pacific Northwest Regional Champions
1998 - First Place and Audience favourite at the Pacific North West Harmony Sweeps, becoming the first Canadian group to advance to the Sweeps finals.
2001 - First Place and Audience Favourite at Northern Harmony Canadian A Cappella Festival.
1999 - Second Place and Audience Favourite at Northern Harmony Canadian A Cappella Festival, and Best Original Song for "Use The Force".
1997 - First Place and Audience Favourite at Northern Harmony Canadian A Cappella Festival.
See also
The Heebee-jeebees' Official website
Northern Harmony - The Canadian A Cappella Festival - Hall of Fame - The Heebee-jeebees were the inaugural inductee.
A cappella musical groups
Canadian comedy musical groups
Musical groups established in 1993
Musical groups from Calgary
1993 establishments in Alberta |
13161671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matekitonga%20Moeakiola | Matekitonga Moeakiola | Matekitonga Moeakiola (born 16 May 1978) is a former Tonga-born American rugby union player who last played for Castanet Rugby at club level. Moeakiola played as a prop.
Moeakiola played for both East Coast Bays RFC and Glenfield RFC in the Harbour club rugby competition. Moeakiola also played for Patumahoe RFC in the Counties Manukau Club rugby competition. Mate never played for Harbour or Counties NPC sides.
Mate was first noticed by the U.S. national team while playing rugby at the University of Utah. He has since played for the North America 4 Tournament, and the U.S. team that played Munster in Chicago.
Mate played at the 2007 Rugby World Cup. Moeakiola made his debut at the 2007 Rugby World Cup, scoring a try after coming on as a substitute in the Eagles' opening match against . Moeakiola played in all four matches at the 2007 RWC and scored a try against England in the USA’s first match of the tournament.
References
External links
Info at usarugby.com
Stats at scrum.com
American rugby union players
Tongan emigrants to the United States
1978 births
Living people
Rugby union props
Rugby union players from Tongatapu
United States international rugby union players
American expatriate rugby union players in France
University of Utah alumni
2011 Rugby World Cup players
2015 Rugby World Cup players
USON Nevers players |
13161686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahed%20Nazari | Wahed Nazari | Wahed Nazari (born in Kabul, February 25, 1953) is an Afghan film director. He obtained a PHD as a director and in 1990 directed the noted Afghan film Arman which was based on 1978.
Films include Arman, De lmar pa Loor, Afghanistan bedone shorawiha, and Da konde zoi.
He presently is the director of Radio Television Afghanistan (RTA).
References
Afghan film directors
Pashtun people
Living people
People from Kabul
1953 births
20th-century Afghan people |
13161688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungshar | Lungshar | Tsipön Lungshar born Dorje Tsegyal (1880–1938) was a noted Tibetan politician who was accused by conservative political opponents of attempting to become the paramount figure of the Tibetan government in the 1930s, by planning a communist coup following the death of the 13th Dalai Lama.
Lungshar was one of the 'three favourites', close aides cultivated over two decades by the 13th Dalai Lama, who assigned Tibet's modernisation program to him. The other aides were Tsarong and Kunpella, who were both from peasant stock. All three were said to be exceptionally talented and intelligent with great depth of character. The 'genius', Lungshar, was a doctor, musician, philosopher, poet and statesman.
As with Tsarong and Kunpella, as soon as their protector the 13th Dalai Lama died Lungshar became a target for the ultraconservative Lhasa elite who opposed all modernisation and reform: he was accused of plotting a coup and installing a communist system and was arrested along with, amongst others, the Dalai Lama's trusted personal attendants. Being a noble and thus seen as a greater threat than the other close aides, he was imprisoned and had his eyes gouged out to prevent any further political opposition from his side. The decision to blind the popular, reformist Lungshar came from Trimon, the reactionary chief minister who had been his chief political opponent.
Background
Lungshar came from an aristocratic family with a history of service to the 5th Dalai Lama; his father was a Major (Rupön) in the Tibetan Army and he was an Accountant of the 6th rank in the Accountant-General's Office at Lhasa during the 13th Dalai Lama leadership. In 1912 the reform-minded Dalai Lama, who considered him one of his most able and trusted officials, sent him to England and several European nations to supervise four Tibetan students at Rugby School and to act as ambassador at large for Tibet. These students studied modern technology and English to facilitate the reforms the Dalai Lama felt necessary in Tibet. During his travels in Europe Lungshar learned English, encountered Western democracy, developed an appreciation of England's system of constitutional monarchy and became convinced that Tibet needed major political reform if it were to survive in the modern world.
On his return to Tibet he became the leader of a new progressive group in the Tibetan government and making great efforts to introduce reforms he became one of the most popular and respected officials in Tibet, except with the conservative nobles and the monastics who were not happy to pay taxes to fund an army, amongst other reforms which he tried to implement. It was 1914, at a time when the Dalai Lama was strengthening state institutions including the military. Lungshar was appointed tsipön, i.e. one of the four heads of the revenue office. He increased revenue for the state, at the expense of the aristocratic and monastic landlords, making enemies amongst the elite in the process.
In 1929, he became commander in chief of the military, still retaining his post of tsipön as well. He further strengthened and modernized the military, but lost his military post in 1931, after a diplomatic incident when his men pursued a miscreant into the Nepalese embassy. He remained tsipön until the Dalai Lama's death in 1933.
Lungshar was one of several parties vying for control of the government following the Dalai Lama's death. He defeated rival Kumbela by launching a campaign of suspicion that Kumbela had brought about the Dalai Lama's death. Kumbela was exiled, but Lungshar failed to gain ascendency. Lungshar was eventually outmaneuvered by the more conservative minister Trimön. Lungshar was arrested and punished by the removal of his eyeballs. This was considered the most serious punishment short of death. No one alive had ever seen this punishment done, but members of the untouchable ragyaba class, who traditionally performed mutilation punishments, had been told by their parents how it was done.
The 14th Dalai Lama later assured Thomas Laird, however, that after the death of the 13th Dalai Lama Lungshar merely gathered those who wished to continue his modernisation campaign, with the main aim of having the government led by lay officials, rather than by monastics who lacked experience in administration. But the religious and lay conservatives who opposed modernisation accused him of treason. The swift arrest, imprisonment and blinding of Lungshar at Trimon's behest ended any further discussion of reform in Lhasa.
His son, Lhalu Tsewang Dorje, was also a noted politician.
According to certain sources, during the late 1920s, Lungshar promoted the idea that another of his sons was the reborn 16th Karmapa. The Dalai Lama and most of the officials in his government are members of the Gelug sect, while the Karmapa is the leader of the Karma Kagyü sect. These sources state that the Dalai Lama initially supported this claim in opposition to the supporters of the previous Karmapa, who had already recognised Rangjung Rigpe Dorje as the new Karmapa. However, as the child fell from a roof and died, the Dalai Lama later withdrew his support of Lungshar's son and agreed to the recognition of Rangjung Rigpe Dorje.
Notes
See also
Four Rugby Boys
References
Goldstein, Melvyn C. A History of Modern Tibet, 1913–1951: The Demise of the Lamaist State (1989) University of California Press.
Laird, Thomas. The Story of Tibet. Conversations with the Dalai Lama (2006) Atlantic Books, London.
Mullin, Glenn H. The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation (2001) Clear Light Publishers. Santa Fe, New Mexico. .
Thondup, Gyalo; Thurston, Anne F. The Noodle Maker of Kalimpong (2015) Rider, London.
External links
Biography
Tibetan politicians
1880 births
1938 deaths |
13161690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balow | Balow | Balow is a municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
Balow was developed as an East German model village, and is known for its community sports programs. A machine shop in Balow produces transport boxes for the assembly lines of large companies, including Daimler Benz.
References
Ludwigslust-Parchim |
13161704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%20Pier%2C%20Colwyn%20Bay | Victoria Pier, Colwyn Bay | Victoria Pier is a pier in the seaside resort of Colwyn Bay, Wales. The pier fell into disrepair and much of it was demolished, it was reopened in 2021 with a reduced length. Visitors can access the pier and see the bay along its length. Some of the original metalwork remains and retains the legal status of a grade-II listed structure.
Designed by Mangnall and Littlewoods the pier opened in 1900 and was extended in 1903 to the length of 227m. The first two pavilions built on the pier were destroyed by fire along with a bijou theatre. The third pavilion was built in 1934 and was significantly extended and altered in the 1970s to allow for nightclub and amusement arcade entertainments.
From the late 1980s, the pier began to decline with the seaward portion of the pier being closed due to a poor state of repair. The condition of the pier and the entertainments continued to decline until 2008 when it closed. In 2017, part of the pier collapsed onto the beach below. Much of the pier was demolished and then in 2021, reopened without any pavilions or structures.
Construction
Designed by Mangnall & Littlewoods of Manchester, Colwyn Bay's Victoria Pier was one of the later British piers to be built. Construction by the Salford firm of William Brown & Sons began in June 1899. Many of the pier's components were pre-fabricated, and manufactured by the Widnes Iron Foundry. Its official opening was on 1 June 1900, when the architect, Mr. Littlewood, handed a golden key to the pier's owners. As first constructed, the pier was just long and wide, comprising a timber promenade deck with seating and railings along its length, and a 2,500 seat pavilion in the Moorish Revival style. The pavilion was set to the right of the deck, with a walkway allowing access to the pier-head to the left. The pavilion's main entrance was flanked on one side by a flower shop and, on the other, by a coffee lounge and cake shop. Inside, the pavilion had a large balcony which extended around three sides of the auditorium and a full orchestra pit. The pier however, has never featured a landing stage.
In 1903, the Victoria Pier Company decided to extend the neck to a length of to facilitate outdoor theatrical performances. The pier featured intricate cast iron balustrades, manufactured by the Widnes Iron Foundry, and similar balustrade designs can be found at Mumbles Pier, and formerly at Grand Pier, Weston-super-Mare and Morecambe's Central and West End Piers.
First and second pavilion buildings
A 600-seat 'Bijou' theatre was built at the pier head in 1917 for the purposes of light entertainment. The first pavilion building was completely destroyed by fire in 1922. The Victoria Pier Company suffered serious financial difficulties after the fire. As a result, Colwyn Bay Urban District Council purchased the pier and work began immediately to rebuild the pavilion. In July 1923, the second pavilion was opened, at a cost of £45,000. Unfortunately, disaster struck again on 16 May 1933, when the second pavilion was destroyed by fire, followed, on 28 July 1933, by a fire that destroyed the Bijou Theatre.
Third pavilion
Colwyn Bay Urban District Council set about rebuilding, and the third pavilion was opened on Tuesday 8 May 1934 at a cost of £16,000, but the Bijou Theatre was never rebuilt. The pavilion was designed by architect Stanley Davenport Adshead, and the rebuilding also involved constructing a cast iron covered walkway, extending to the pavilion, as well as a bandstand in the south-east corner of the pavilion section of the pier. Increasing usage of the pier led the council to introduce a twopenny toll (free after 6pm) in 1936, which included the price of a deckchair and listening to the band. The purpose of the toll, said the council, was to prevent 'indiscriminate lounging on the pier'. In the pavilion, Ernest Binns presented 'The Colwyn Follies', with seats at two shillings, and one shilling and sixpence.
During the 1950s and 60s, the pier began a period of gentle decline. In 1953, the pavilion's tearoom, which had been a year-round meeting place for forty years, started closing for the winter. In 1956, the line-up of entertainment in the pavilion was as follows: Monday: bingo, Tuesday: wrestling, Wednesday: amateur talent show, Thursday: old-time dancing, Friday: popular dance, Saturday: young people's dance. 1958 saw the end of the summer variety shows in the pavilion. In 1959, the variety shows were replaced by a small orchestra of six musicians; over 20,000 people paid nine pence each that year to attend the afternoon concerts, with another 10,000 attending in the evenings.
By 1961, falling audiences forced the council to reduce the orchestra to three musicians. 1962 saw the council admit defeat for live performances and install pre-recorded orchestral music. The pier saw minor refurbishment and repairs in 1964, and a small amusement arcade was built at the seaward end. Both the amusements and the bandstand were removed in the 1970s.
1970s modernisation
In 1968, ownership of the pier passed from the local council to Entam Leisure, a division of Trust House Forte, for just £59,000. Entam Leisure decided that the pier needed modernisation to prosper. This involved building the Golden Goose Amusements in a large new modern building on the pier neck, the opening of the Golden Fry Restaurant in the old tearooms, and the conversion of the pavilion into the Dixieland Showbar. As part of this work, the ornate Moorish toll booths at the entrance to the pier were removed to create an open aspect to the pier entrance. During the 1970s and 1980s, the Dixieland Showbar hosted many live concerts, featuring groups/acts such as Motörhead, The Damned, Siouxsie & The Banshees, Elvis Costello, Slade, The Specials, Cockney Rejects and Black Flag. In 1979, the pier was sold again, this time to Rhyl-based leisure operators, Parker's Leisure. They converted the Dixieland Showbar into CJ's Nightclub and built an extension onto the front of the Golden Goose Amusements, to create a larger entrance/amusements area.
Decline
In 1987, the entire seaward end of the pier was closed to the general public on safety grounds. In 1991, Parkers Leisure closed down their amusement and disco businesses on the pier. Vandals attacked the pier after the closure, smashed most of the windows in the former Golden Goose Amusements, and broke into the pavilion to set fire to it. In 1993, Colwyn Borough Council gave permission to demolish the pavilion and seaward end of the pier, but the work was never carried out.
In August 1994, marine engineer Mike Paxman bought the pier and stated he intended to restore it. Paxman carried out work to repair the pier's decking and subdivided the former Golden Goose Amusements building into several smaller business, including a bar, cafe, shops and amusements, which opened on 1 April 1996. He also intended to reopen the pavilion as a nightclub, but did not have sufficient funding to do so. During this time, the pier featured prominently in the Hetty Wainthropp Investigates episode "Childsplay", broadcast in January 1998. Paxman eventually put the pier up for sale in 2003, by advertising it on auction site eBay but it failed to sell.
On 11 December 2003, the pier was bought by Cambridgeshire businessman Steve Hunt, who sold his house to fund the £100,000 purchase price. He reopened the pier on Saturday 17 January 2004 and announced his intention to gradually restore the decaying structure. He has a particular interest in restoring the pier's Art Deco pavilion, built in 1933.
In 2008, the entrance building housed a fishing tackle shop, cafe, bar (which was extended, refurbished and renamed 'Oddities' for the 2008 season) and a selection of amusement machines. The pavilion was home to various special events, such as the successful annual art exhibition. A small section of the pier neck was open to the public, mainly housing an outdoor seating area for the bar. The main area of the pier neck was closed to the general public, but was open for fishing, subject to the purchase of a permit.
Closure
The pier closed at the end of July 2008, as a result of a bankruptcy order made against the owner, Steve Hunt, by Conwy County Borough Council in respect of unpaid business rates. Hunt attempted to have the bankruptcy order annulled but with no success and the pier remained closed to the public.
A documentary, entitled Pier Pressure, was shown on BBC2 Wales in December 2008; the film followed Steve Hunt's attempts to rescue and restore the Victoria Pier over a one-year period.
Regeneration attempts
In 2012, Conwy County Borough Council bought the Pier from the Receivers, Royce Peeling Green and intended to grant a lease to a local community group if they were successful. In late March 2012, Conwy Borough Council announced they would put in a request for lottery funding to be used to save the pier. However, the request was denied and the structure still lay in a bad state, with fencing blocking people from being able to go under the pier for health and safety reasons. In 2013, the Pier regeneration had a new lease of life, thanks to a local community group, who formed a third sector company called Colwyn Bay Shore Thing. The company, in partnership with the local authority, were successful in a Round 1 grant application to the Heritage Lottery fund. However, it was denied in Round 2 in 2015. The Lottery Fund stated that a large part of the denial was the council's refusal to support or back the Round 2 application on cost grounds. After the refusal, the council announced they were going ahead with plans to delist and demolish the pier. Following a huge public outcry, CADW Welsh Heritage refused planning permission for demolition.
Phase one of Restoration Plans
The final 45 metres of the seaward end were destroyed in a series of collapses, first on 1 February 2017, and the second on 23 February.
On 2 March 2017, a council meeting agreed to support phase 1, which includes an initial shortened pier and new pavilion put forward by the Colwyn Victoria Pier Trust. The dangerous seaward section of the pier, representing around half of its length, was removed in March 2017. An area of decking to the south of the pavilion, part of which was also in a state of collapse, was also dismantled at this time. The council then applied for planning consent to remove the remaining buildings and dismantle and store the pier, with the long-term aim in working with the Victoria Pier Trust to reinstate the listed structure in the future.
Dismantling of the pavilion began in February 2018 and the pier had been dismantled (and, in part, stored) by May 2018. The final piece of the pier was dismantled on 15 May 2018 with the final site clearance completed in June 2018. The Art Deco murals created by Eric Ravilious and Mary Adshead in 1934, from inside the pavilion, have all been successfully removed and are currently awaiting restoration. Construction began in 2019 for phase 1 of the pier's construction, representing an area exactly covering the former site of the Golden Goose amusements building: a length of approximately 45 metres. The original cast iron balustrades have been restored and will be reinstated, and replicas have been made of the Pier's original lamp standards, absent from the pier for the last forty years. As of November 2020, the majority of the pier's substructure has been completed, and the pier is expected to open in 2021. Following the completion of this stage, in partnership with Conwy Council, the Victoria Pier Trust will apply for grants to rebuild phase 2, which will be to rebuild the remaining part of the Pier, restored from storage. A new Pavilion, however, will be built and the design will be available for public consultation.
References
Geoffrey Edwards Colwyn Bay 1934-1974 Colwyn Borough Council 1984.
Colwyn Bay
Piers in Wales
Grade II listed buildings in Conwy County Borough
Buildings and structures completed in 1900
Buildings and structures demolished in 2018 |
13161711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youmian | Youmian | Ximian () are a variety of Chinese noodle widely used in Southern China, especially in the cuisines of Hong Kong and Guangdong. It has also been selectively used in the dishes of Shanghai, Malaysia, and Singapore. Youmian is also used in some dishes in overseas Chinese communities.
Description
Thin noodles are generally made with eggs.
A well-known variety of thin noodles is called (Cantonese; translating roughly as "whole egg noodles"). This variety is almost exclusively found in East and Southeast Asia, in regions with sizable Chinese populations.
Use in dishes
Depending on the cuisine, thin noodles may be boiled with some type of broth or stir-fried in a wok.
List of use in dishes
Wonton noodle
Lo mein
Beef ball noodle
Fish ball noodle
Fish slice noodle
See also
Chinese noodles
Oil noodles
Saang mein
References
Chinese noodles
Cantonese cuisine
Hong Kong cuisine |
13161714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besitz | Besitz | Besitz is a municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
The municipality consists of two districts - Besitz (first mentioned in 1376) and Blücher (first mentioned in 1230 as Bluggere), a former estate village of the Blücher family.
References
Ludwigslust-Parchim |
13161720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddha%20Mar%20Gaya | Buddha Mar Gaya | Buddha Mar Gaya is a 2007 Indian Hindi-language black comedy film by Rahul Rawail. It stars Anupam Kher, Rakhi Sawant, Om Puri and Paresh Rawal. Buddha Mar Gaya was released on 17 August 2007.
Plot
Laxmikant Kabadiya is one of India's richest industrialists, a self-made man who's risen from selling scrap to become a construction magnate. His conglomerate is on the verge of a 5000 crore ($1 billion) IPO that should make them one of the largest companies in the country. LK's family - his spinster twin sister Prernahumor,, his two sons Ranjeet and Sameer, their wives Shruti and Anju (Mona Ambegaonkar) respectively and Ranjeet's daughters Sanjana and Namrata, and Sameer's son, Pawan, can't stop salivating at the thought of all that money.
Unfortunately for all of them fate displays a wicked sense of humour. On the night before the IPO opens, LK dies while copulating with a starlet Kim, who's aspiring to become the heroine of a film that LK plans to produce. The family is distraught and horrified. Not because a loved one has died but because now no one will buy their shares. So, on the advice of their family guru - Vidyut Baba, the family decides to hide the death of LK for a period of two days till the shares are all sold out. Little do they realize the crazy series of events that will follow on account of this duplicity.
After all, hiding the death of a man as famous as LK is a Herculean task. To make matters worse, every time they're ready to announce LK's death, fate intervenes forcing them to keep his death hidden for another couple of days. This results in them having to announce the death of a fictitious friend or relative of LK and stage fake funerals. Which of course means generating dead bodies and, worse, getting the dead LK to make appearances at these funerals.
Cast
Anupam Kher as Laxmikant 'LK' Kabadiya
Paresh Rawal as Ramu
Om Puri as Vidyut 'Vidya' Baba
Rakhi Sawant as Kim / Vishkanya
Mahabanoo Mody-Kotwal as Prerna 'Bua' Kabadiya
Ranvir Shorey as Munna
Mukesh Tiwari as Sameer L. Kabadiya
Mona Ambegaonkar as Anju Kabadiya
Murli Sharma as Rohan Alexander
Mannat Kaur as Shruti
Madhavi Singh as Namrata
Heenaa Biswas as Sanjana
Jay Soni as Pawan
Jitender Bhargava
Bobby Parvez as Ranjeet L. Kabadiya
Manoj Joshi as ACP Ashwini Khandekar
Birbal as Havaldar
Prem Chopra as Prem Chopra
Pratima Kazmi as Police Inspector
Vinay Pathak
Raj Tilak as Malwankar
Soundtrack
Music is composed by Bappi Lahiri and lyrics penned by Manoj Muntashir. The soundtrack of the film contains one Title Track called "Buddha Mar Gaya" sung by Sunidhi Chauhan, Kunal Ganjawala and Shaan.
Reception
Khalid Mohamed of Hindustan Times gave it 1.5 stars and described it as a "hyper-VULGAR comedy." Syed Firdaus Ashraf of Rediff.com gave the film 1 star out 5, writing ″Director Rawail's fantasies are appalling; he shows a rocket taking off or injections dripping whenever Rakhi is in bed. The film's tag line, 'You will die laughing' should have been 'You will die crying'. It's about time Rawail, who once made decent films like Betaab, Arjun and Dacait, retires from direction.″ Shubhra Gupta of The Indian Express wrote ″The trouble with Rahul Rawail's movie is not its premise: that old men can also have a good time in bed, even though most of us, like good hypocritical Indians, would be horrified at admitting it. It's in the execution, which falls uneasily between crass and classy: the audience doesn't quite know whether to laugh or to cringe. Is this the same man who gave us the polished thrillers, Arjun and Dacait?″
Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave it three stars out of five and concluded that it "has terrific title-value, abundant shock-value and strong entertainment-value as factors going in its favor".
References
External links
2000s Hindi-language films
Films directed by Rahul Rawail
Indian comedy films
2007 comedy films
2007 films
Hindi-language comedy films |