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skin cancer

Calcinosis universalis accompanied by symptomatic systemic sclerosis.

Calcinosis cutis is represented by the deposition of insoluble calcium salts in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Calcinosis can lead to repeated episodes of local inflammation and repeated infections, resulting in pain and functional disability, and even death. Here, we present a case of a patient with SSc who experienced calcinosis universalis and eventually died from recurrent infections at the sacrococcygeal calcification.

skin cancer

PredictONCO: a web tool supporting decision-making in precision oncology by extending the bioinformatics predictions with advanced computing and machine learning.

PredictONCO 1.0 is a unique web server that analyzes effects of mutations on proteins frequently altered in various cancer types. The server can assess the impact of mutations on the protein sequential and structural properties and apply a virtual screening to identify potential inhibitors that could be used as a highly individualized therapeutic approach, possibly based on the drug repurposing. PredictONCO integrates predictive algorithms and state-of-the-art computational tools combined with information from established databases. The user interface was carefully designed for the target specialists in precision oncology, molecular pathology, clinical genetics and clinical sciences. The tool summarizes the effect of the mutation on protein stability and function and currently covers 44 common oncological targets. The binding affinities of Food and Drug Administration/ European Medicines Agency -approved drugs with the wild-type and mutant proteins are calculated to facilitate treatment decisions. The reliability of predictions was confirmed against 108 clinically validated mutations. The server provides a fast and compact output, ideal for the often time-sensitive decision-making process in oncology. Three use cases of missense mutations, (i) K22A in cyclin-dependent kinase 4 identified in melanoma, (ii) E1197K mutation in anaplastic lymphoma kinase 4 identified in lung carcinoma and (iii) V765A mutation in epidermal growth factor receptor in a patient with congenital mismatch repair deficiency highlight how the tool can increase levels of confidence regarding the pathogenicity of the variants and identify the most effective inhibitors. The server is available at https://loschmidt.chemi.muni.cz/predictonco.

skin cancer

Allergic sensitization does not influence advancement or survival in oral cancer.

A history of allergies has been said to be associated with a lower risk of head and neck cancer compared to the general population. However, it is not known whether having an allergic sensitization influences the prognosis and advancement of cancer disease. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between allergic sensitization and oral cancer advancement and patient survival. Allergen-specific IgE antibodies were investigated by ImmunoCAP™ Rapid in consecutive 80 patients with oral cancer. ImmunoCAP Rapid system tests a mix of representative inhalant allergens such as birch, timothy grass, mugwort, house dust mite, cat, dog, cockroach, olive (pollen), wall pellitory and mold. Eighty patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. Fifteen patients (19%) had positive ImmunoCAP test. There was no statistically significant difference in primary tumour size (T-stage) between groups (60% in allergy vs 68% in non-allergy had T1-T2 stage and 40% vs 32% T3-T4, respectively, p = 0.570). 27% of patients with allergy had nodal metastases compared with 37% of patients without allergy (p = 0.557). Both groups had comparable short-term survival. In conclusion, allergic sensitization does not seem to influence either the advancement or the short-term survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

skin cancer

SATB2, CKAE1/AE3, and synaptophysin as a sensitive immunohistochemical panel for the detection of lymph node metastases of Merkel cell carcinoma.

Histopathological evaluation of lymph nodes in Merkel cell carcinoma has become crucial in progression estimation and treatment modification. This study was undertaken to determine the most sensitive immunohistochemical panel for detecting MCC nodal metastases. We included 56 patients with 102 metastatic MCC lymph nodes, which were tested with seven antibodies: cytokeratin (CKAE1/AE3), CK20, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, INSM1, SATB2, and neurofilament (NF). Tissue microarrays (TMA) composed of 2-mm tissue cores from each nodal metastasis were constructed. A semiquantitative 5-tier scoring system (0%, < 25%, 25-74%, 75-99%, 100% positive MCC cells with moderate to strong reactivity) was implemented. In the statistical assessment, we included Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) status and expression heterogeneity between lymph nodes from one patient. A cumulative percentage of moderate to strong expression ≥ 75% of tumoral cells was observed for single cell markers as follows: 91/102 (89.2%) SATB2, 85/102 (83%) CKAE1/AE3, 80/102 (78.4%) synaptophysin, 75/102 (75.5%) INSM1, 68/102 (66.7%) chromogranin A, 60/102 cases (58.8%) CK20, and 0/102 (0%) NF. Three markers presented a complete lack of immunoreactivity: 8/102 (7.8%) CK20, 7/102 (6.9%) chromogranin A, and 6/102 (5.9%) NF. All markers showed expression heterogeneity in lymph nodes from one patient; however, the most homogenous was INSM1. The probability of detecting nodal MCC metastases was the highest while using SATB2 as a first-line marker (89.2%) with subsequential adding CKAE1/AE3 (99%); these results were independent of MCPyV status. Synaptophysin showed a superior significance in confirming the neuroendocrine origin of metastatic cells. This comprehensive analysis allows us to recommend simultaneous evaluation of SATB2, CKAE1/AE3, and synaptophysin in the routine pathologic MCC lymph node protocol.

skin cancer

ERK hyperactivation serves as a unified mechanism of escape in intrinsic and acquired CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance in acral lentiginous melanoma.

Patients with metastatic acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) suffer worse outcomes relative to patients with other forms of cutaneous melanoma (CM), and do not benefit as well to approved melanoma therapies. Identification of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) pathway gene alterations in >60% of ALMs has led to clinical trials of the CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4i/6i) palbociclib for ALM; however, median progression free survival with CDK4i/6i treatment was only 2.2 months, suggesting existence of resistance mechanisms. Therapy resistance in ALM remains poorly understood; here we report hyperactivation of MAPK signaling and elevated cyclin D1 expression serve as a mechanism of intrinsic early/adaptive CDK4i/6i resistance. ALM cells that have acquired CDK4i/6i resistance following chronic treatment exposure also exhibit hyperactivation of the MAPK pathway. MEK and/or ERK inhibition increases CDK4i/6i efficacy against therapy naïve and CDK4i/6i-resistant AM cells in xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and promotes a defective DNA repair, cell cycle arrested and apoptotic program. Notably, gene alterations poorly correlate with protein expression of cell cycle proteins in ALM or efficacy of CDK4i/6i, urging additional strategies when stratifying patients for CDK4i/6i trial inclusion. Concurrent targeting of the MAPK pathway and CDK4/6 represents a new approach for patients with metastatic ALM to improve outcomes.

skin cancer

Delineating the early dissemination mechanisms of acral melanoma by integrating single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses.

Acral melanoma (AM) is a rare subtype of melanoma characterized by a high incidence of lymph node (LN) metastasis, a critical factor in tumor dissemination and therapeutic decision-making. Here, we employ single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses to investigate the dynamic evolution of early AM dissemination. Our findings reveal substantial inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity in AM, alongside a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and complex intercellular communication networks, particularly in patients with LN metastasis. Notably, we identify a strong association between MYC

skin cancer

Treatment of primary vaginal malignant melanoma and review of previous literature: A case report.

Primary vaginal malignant melanoma is a rare gynecological malignant tumor with high malignancy and poor prognosis. Because of its insidious incidence, it is generally diagnosed in the late stage, and the 5-year survival rate is only 5% to 25%. Due to the rarity of this disease and the limited number of related cases reported in the literature, there is currently no unified standard for its diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the treatment of this disease has always been a difficult problem in clinical practice.

skin cancer

Gallbladder metastases from primary anorectal malignant melanoma: A case report.

No abstract found

skin cancer

Laser-induced vapor nanobubbles for B16-F10 melanoma cell killing and intracellular delivery of chemotherapeutics.

The most lethal form of skin cancer is cutaneous melanoma, a tumor that develops in the melanocytes, which are found in the epidermis. The treatment strategy of melanoma is dependent on the stage of the disease and often requires combined local and systemic treatment. Over the years, systemic treatment of melanoma has been revolutionized and shifted toward immunotherapeutic approaches. Phototherapies like photothermal therapy (PTT) have gained considerable attention in the field, mainly because of their straightforward applicability in melanoma skin cancer, combined with the fact that these strategies are able to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), linked with a specific antitumor immune response. However, PTT comes with the risk of uncontrolled heating of the surrounding healthy tissue due to heat dissipation. Here, we used pulsed laser irradiation of endogenous melanin-containing melanosomes to induce cell killing of B16-F10 murine melanoma cells in a non-thermal manner. Pulsed laser irradiation of the B16-F10 cells resulted in the formation of water vapor nanobubbles (VNBs) around endogenous melanin-containing melanosomes, causing mechanical cell damage. We demonstrated that laser-induced VNBs are able to kill B16-F10 cells with high spatial resolution. When looking more deeply into the cell death mechanism, we found that a large part of the B16-F10 cells succumbed rapidly after pulsed laser irradiation, reaching maximum cell death already after 4 h. Practically all necrotic cells demonstrated exposure of phosphatidylserine on the plasma membrane and caspase-3/7 activity, indicative of regulated cell death. Furthermore, calreticulin, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), three key damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in ICD, were found to be exposed from B16-F10 cells upon pulsed laser irradiation to an extent that exceeded or was comparable to the bona fide ICD-inducer, doxorubicin. Finally, we could demonstrate that VNB formation from melanosomes induced plasma membrane permeabilization. This allowed for enhanced intracellular delivery of bleomycin, an ICD-inducing chemotherapeutic, which further boosted cell death with the potential to improve the systemic antitumor immune response.

skin cancer

Zinc supplementation is associated with improvement in hand-foot skin reaction in patients on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A cohort study.

No abstract found

skin cancer

Histopathologic Characterization of Incidental Lesions Encountered During Mohs Micrographic Surgery With MART-1 Immunohistochemistry.

As the use of melanoma antigen recognized by T cells (MART-1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) with Mohs surgery increases for the treatment of melanoma in situ and invasive melanoma, surgeons should be aware of MART-1 staining patterns of incidental lesions often encountered on frozen sections. Lack of this knowledge can lead to unnecessary additional surgery, increased health care costs, and loss of valuable laboratory staff time and resources.

skin cancer

Repair of a Medium-Size Defect of the Scalp.

No abstract found

skin cancer

The Effects of a Parent-Focused Social Media Intervention on Child Sun Safety: Pilot and Feasibility Study.

Middle childhood (ages 8-12 years) is a critical period for forming behavioral habits and reducing the risk for the development of skin cancer later in life. During this time, children develop more autonomy and spend more unsupervised time away from their parents. Professional agencies recommend that all children engage in regular sun protection behaviors and avoid the sun during peak daytime hours. Unfortunately, in middle childhood, child sun protection often declines and UV radiation exposure increases. Effective parenting involves balancing ways to encourage the child's increasing independence while providing practical assistance to ensure sun protection is implemented.

skin cancer

Management of melanoma: can we use gene expression profiling to help guide treatment and surveillance?

Although the incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) has been increasing annually, the mortality rate has been decreasing, likely due to better prevention, earlier detection, improved surveillance, and the development of new therapies. Current clinical management guidelines by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) are based on patient risk assignment using staging criteria established by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). However, some patients with localized disease (stage I-II), generally considered to have a good prognosis, will develop metastatic disease and die, whereas some patients with later stage disease (stage III-IV) will be cured by surgery, adjuvant therapy, and/or systemic therapy. These results emphasize the importance of identifying patients whose risk may be over or underestimated with standard staging. Gene expression profile (GEP) tests are noninvasive molecular tests that assess the expression levels of a panel of validated genes, providing information about tumor prognosis, including the risk of recurrence, metastasis, and cancer-specific death. GEP tests can provide prognostic information beyond standard staging that may aid clinicians and patients in treatment and surveillance management decisions. This review describes how combining clinicopathologic staging with a robust assessment of tumor biology may provide information that will allow more refined intervention and long-term management.

skin cancer

Identifying sunscreen deserts in Cuyahoga County.

Low sunscreen use in patients of color (POC) is multifactorial and could be partially attributable to lack of access or the lack of knowledge about its use beyond skin cancer prevention. Dyschromia is among the top diagnoses for POC and sunscreen is first-line management. POC and lower socioeconomic status often face health disparities and are susceptible to having difficulty accessing food, health care, and medication. We look to see if they extend to sunscreen access by evaluating physical retailers. This study investigated sunscreen access by identifying potential sunscreen deserts and characterizing sunscreen availability and affordability in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Sunscreen deserts were defined as census tracts that were both low-income and low-access, adapted from the definition of food deserts. Google Maps search of "sunscreen" and "sunscreen store" in Cuyahoga County identified sunscreen retailers to geocode addresses. Total number and average cost of sunscreens were collected for each retailer and compared by community type. Fisher exact test, analysis of variance, and logistic regression were used for analysis. One hundred forty-six retailers were included in analysis of four hundred twenty-one census tracts in the county. Sixty-seven tracts met the definition of sunscreen desert. Majority White tracts were less likely to be deserts and had more sunscreen formulations, than Majority Black tracts (p < 0.001). The majority of sunscreen deserts were in predominantly black communities, which had fewer stores and sunscreen formulations available. These findings indicate a lack of sunscreen available to a demographic of patients that could benefit from increased access, as it would help manage hyperpigmentation.

skin cancer

Efficacy and safety of fruquintinib dose-escalation strategy for elderly patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: A single-arm, multicenter, phase II study.

Fruquintinib has demonstrated significant improvement in overall survival (OS) among previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. However, the utilization of fruquintinib has been constrained by various toxicities, such as hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) and hypertension, particularly in elderly patients with reduced tolerance to the standard dosage. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of fruquintinib dose-escalation strategy for elderly refractory mCRC patients.

skin cancer

Cutaneous arteritis combined with antiphospholipid syndrome associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in a patient with a metastatic lung adenocarcinoma.

No abstract found

skin cancer

Association of early-stage incidence and mortality in malignant melanoma - a population-based ecological study.

Germany-wide skin cancer screening was introduced in 2008 to reduce skin cancer mortality and morbidity. However, the effectiveness of the program is still unclear. We explore the relationship between early-stage melanoma incidence and melanoma mortality in subsequent years, using early-stage melanoma incidence as surrogate for screening participation and early detection.

skin cancer

Evaluation of skin cancer screening in Germany - participation, tumor detection and interval tumors based on SHI data.

The rising incidence of skin cancer in Germany has increased the need for secondary prevention measures. For this purpose, a statutory skin cancer screening for insured persons aged 35 and older was introduced on 1 June 2008. The aim of this work package in the Innovation Fund project "Perspectives of a multimodal evaluation of early skin cancer detection" (Pertimo) was to test an evaluation of skin cancer screening using secondary data.

skin cancer

[Zusammenhang zwischen der Inzidenz früher Stadien und der Mortalität beim malignen Melanom - eine bevölkerungsbasierte ökologische Studie].

In Deutschland wurde 2008 ein flächendeckendes Hautkrebsscreening eingeführt, um die Hautkrebsmortalität und -morbidität zu senken. Noch unklar ist jedoch die Wirksamkeit des Programms. Wir untersuchen den Zusammenhang zwischen der Inzidenz von Melanom-Frühstadien und Melanom-Mortalität in den Folgejahren, wobei die Inzidenz von Melanom-Frühstadien als Surrogatparameter für Screening-Teilnahme und Früherkennung verwendet wird.

skin cancer

[Evaluation der Hautkrebsfrüherkennung in Deutschland - Raumzeitliche Assoziationen zwischen Hautkrebsfrüherkennung und Hautkrebsmortalität auf Grundlage ambulanter Abrechnungsdaten].

Es bestehen regionale Unterschiede in der Hautkrebsfrüherkennungsinanspruchnahme in Deutschland. Bislang ist ungeklärt, ob eine hohe Inanspruchnahme von Früherkennungsleistungen zu einer Senkung der Mortalität führt. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert Studienergebnisse zur Untersuchung raumzeitlicher Assoziationen von Hautkrebsfrüherkennung und Mortalität. Die angewendeten Methoden werden hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung diskutiert.

skin cancer

[Evaluation der Hautkrebsfrüherkennung in Deutschland mit Krebsregisterdaten - Herausforderungen, Lösungen und aktuelle Trends].

Die Evidenz für einen Nutzen des 2008 in Deutschland eingeführten Hautkrebsscreenings ist schwach. Wir untersuchen, inwieweit Daten der deutschen epidemiologischen Krebsregister geeignet sind zur Evaluation des Hautkrebsscreenings beizutragen, und berichten diese Evaluationsergebnisse.

skin cancer

[Evaluation der Hautkrebsfrüherkennung in Deutschland - Teilnahme, Tumordetektion und Intervalltumoren auf Grundlage von GKV-Daten].

Die steigende Hautkrebshäufigkeit in Deutschland hat den Bedarf an sekundärpräventiven Maßnahmen erhöht. Hierfür wurde zum 01.07.2008 ein gesetzliches Hautkrebsscreening für Versicherte ab 35 Jahren eingeführt. Ziel dieses Arbeitspakets im Innovationsfonds-Projekt „Perspektiven einer multimodalen Evaluation der Hautkrebsfrüherkennung“ (Pertimo) war die Erprobung einer Evaluation des Hautkrebsscreenings anhand von Sekundärdaten.

skin cancer

Evaluation of early skin cancer detection in Germany with cancer registry data - challenges, solutions and current trends.

The evidence for the benefit of the skin cancer screening introduced in Germany in 2008 is weak. We investigate to what extent data from the German epidemiological cancer registries are suitable to contribute to the evaluation of skin cancer screening and report these evaluation results.

skin cancer

Evaluation of skin cancer screening in Germany - Spatiotemporal associations between skin cancer screening and skin cancer mortality based on ambulatory claims data.

There are regional differences in skin cancer screening uptake in Germany. So far, it is unclear whether a high uptake of screening services leads to a reduction in mortality. This article presents study results on the investigation of spatiotemporal associations between skin cancer screening and mortality. The methods used are discussed regarding their suitability.

skin cancer

Overview of current melanoma therapies.

Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer and is responsible for the majority of deaths from skin cancer. Therapeutic advances in the last few decades, notably the development of novel targeted therapies and immunotherapies have significantly improved patient outcomes; nonetheless, these options remain limited due to the onset of resistance to treatment modalities and relapse. In this review, we focus on the available therapeutic options, their benefits, and limitations.

skin cancer

Melanoma-associated retinopathy with presentation of transient multiple hyper-autofluorescent dots.

No abstract found

skin cancer

A Phase 1b/2a Study of GC1118 with 5-Fluorouracil, Leucovorin and Irinotecan (FOLFIRI) in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

GC1118 is a novel antibody targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with enhanced blocking activity against both low- and high-affinity EGFR ligands. A phase 1b/2a study was conducted to determine a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of GC1118 in combination with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) (phase 1b) and to assess the safety and efficacy of GC1118 plus FOLFIRI as a second-line therapy for recurrent/metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) (phase 2a).

skin cancer

Competing-risks analysis for evaluating the prognosis of patients with microinvasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma based on the SEER database.

Utilizing the traditional Cox regression model to identify the factors affecting the risk of mortality due to microinvasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (micSCC) may produce skewed results. Since cause-specific mortality can guide clinical decision-making, this study employed the Fine-Gray model based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify significant predictive variables for the risk of micSCC-related mortality.

skin cancer

Evaluating How a School-Based Skin Cancer Prevention Program Can Change Behavior Among North Carolina Highschoolers.

The incidence of skin cancer has risen steadily over recent decades. Childhood and adolescent sun exposure remains a critical risk factor in skin cancer development, making education of high schoolers imperative for promoting sun-safe behaviors. Medical students in North Carolina recognized this need and designed a skin cancer education program focused on portraying skin cancer in individuals with all Fitzpatrick skin phototypes. Eighty-seven students completed the pre-survey, and 84 completed the post-session survey. In the post-survey, 88% of students listed actionable behavioral changes they plan to make following the presentation. Following an educational session, students were able to demonstrate their new knowledge and provide meaningful behavioral changes. This program navigated challenges posed by COVID-19 and addressed the need for more inclusive skin cancer educational material.

skin cancer

Impact of anti-PD-1 therapy in a melanoma patient with paraneoplastic anti-ITPR1 encephalitis.

No abstract found

skin cancer

Amelanotic malignant melanoma in a child.

No abstract found

skin cancer

Radiation-targeted immunotherapy: A new perspective in cancer radiotherapy.

In contemporary oncology, radiation therapy and immunotherapy stand as critical treatments, each with distinct mechanisms and outcomes. Radiation therapy, a key player in cancer management, targets cancer cells by damaging their DNA with ionizing radiation. Its effectiveness is heightened when used alongside other treatments like surgery and chemotherapy. Employing varied radiation types like X-rays, gamma rays, and proton beams, this approach aims to minimize damage to healthy tissue. However, it is not without risks, including potential damage to surrounding normal cells and side effects ranging from skin inflammation to serious long-term complications. Conversely, immunotherapy marks a revolutionary step in cancer treatment, leveraging the body's immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. It manipulates the immune system's specificity and memory, offering a versatile approach either alone or in combination with other treatments. Immunotherapy is known for its targeted action, long-lasting responses, and fewer side effects compared to traditional therapies. The interaction between radiation therapy and immunotherapy is intricate, with potential for both synergistic and antagonistic effects. Their combined use can be more effective than either treatment alone, but careful consideration of timing and sequence is essential. This review explores the impact of various radiation therapy regimens on immunotherapy, focusing on changes in the immune microenvironment, immune protein expression, and epigenetic factors, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment strategies and ongoing research to enhance the efficacy of these combined therapies in cancer care.

skin cancer

Rural Melanoma Patients Have Less Surgery and Higher Melanoma-Specific Mortality.

Melanoma causes most skin cancer-related deaths, and disparities in mortality persist. Rural communities, compared to urban, face higher levels of poverty and more barriers to care, leading to higher stage at presentation and shorter survival in melanoma. To further evaluate these disparities, we sought to assess the association between rurality and melanoma cause-specific mortality and receipt of recommended surgery in a national cohort.

skin cancer

Enfortumab vedotin following platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced urothelial carcinoma: response, survival and safety analysis from a multicentre real-world Japanese cohort.

Real-world evidence regarding enfortumab vedotin for unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma is scarce, particularly in Japan. We investigated real-world data focusing on patient background, previous treatments, response, survival and adverse events in patients receiving enfortumab vedotin.

skin cancer

Occurence of Cutaneous Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma Post Breast Cancer Chemotherapy: A Case Report.

Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (PCMZLs) are classified as low-grade as they run an indolent course. They are histologically characterized through non-epidermotropic nodular or diffuse infiltrates consisting of small or medium heterogeneous atypical lymphoid cells. In the past few years, chemotherapy has increased the survival rate of breast cancer patients. However, the adverse effects of treatment, such as leukemia, have also been shown to emerge gradually. Additionally, cases of occurrence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) post chemotherapy have also been reported. A 48-year-old female patient was presented with a violaceous nodule on her left thigh. Around 15 months ago, she completed breast cancer chemotherapy. Eight months later, a skin lesion appeared. Histological findings revealed dense and nodular lymphocyte infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD20 and BCL2. Clinical and histological examination of the lesions confirmed PCMZL. After systemic evaluation, lymphoma was found to be limited to the skin, and thus, she underwent complete excision of the lesion. At the first month follow-up, there was a recurrent lesion on the right wrist, which was excised successfully. However, recurrences occurred again in the calf and forearm in the following five and two months, respectively. These lesions were also confirmed with PCMZL using biopsy. We assume that this case is related to chemotherapy as it was presented and recurred abruptly post chemotherapy. Additionally, there are several reported cases of NHL post breast cancer chemotherapy. However, this is the first case report of PCMZL associated with chemotherapy.

skin cancer

A Case of Breast Carcinoma en Cuirasse in Male.

A 63-year-old male presented with a painful skin lesion on the left side of the neck and upper chest approximately two months prior to presentation. Diffuse erythematous to purplish-colored sclerotic patches were observed. He had been treated with intravenous antibiotics for two weeks for cellulitis, but the lesion did not improve. Punch biopsy, and neck computed tomography (CT) with contrast enhancement were performed to differentiate between cellulitis and scleroderma. Histopathological examination revealed infiltration of pleomorphic and poorly differentiated tumor cells extending into thickened collagen bundles, and mitotic activity. Based on histologic and radiologic findings, the patient was suspected to have poorly differentiated carcinoma, and further evaluation of the origin of the carcinoma was performed. A subareolar mass on the left breast was observed on chest CT, and a needle biopsy was performed; results were consistent with findings from the skin biopsy. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with carcinoma en cuirasse, a subtype of cutaneous metastasis of breast cancer, was transferred to oncology, and underwent palliative chemotherapy.

skin cancer

Giant Basal Cell Carcinoma Causing Axillary Contracture: A Case Report of an Unusual Localization of an Advanced Case.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of non-melanoma skin cancer. Although BCC arises most commonly in sun-exposed areas of the body, such as the head and neck, it infrequently can be seen in sun-protected parts as well. Axilla is one of the least encountered areas of BCC. Delay in the diagnosis or management alongside negligence of the patient can lead to a tumor reaching a giant size. We report a case of giant axillary BCC in a 59-years old female patient with no known risk factors for skin cancers. The tumor was excised with wide margins, and the tissue defect was reconstructed with latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. A 3-year follow-up did not show any sign of recurrence or metastasis.

skin cancer

Acral Pigmentation in Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: Dermoscopic Findings and Treatment with the Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser.

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS; MIM 175200) is an autosomal dominant multiple-organ cancer syndrome. It is characterized by brown macules distributed in the perioral skin, oral mucosa, hands and feet, and hamartomatous gastrointestinal polyps that can eventually lead to intestinal obstruction, abdominal pain, bleeding, and anemia. Patients with PJS are at a higher risk of ovarian, testicular, breast, lung, and pancreatic cancers. This predisposition is due to the pathogenic variant in serine/threonine kinase 11 (

skin cancer

A metabolic perspective on nitric oxide function in melanoma.

Nitric oxide (NO) generated from nitric oxide synthase (NOS) exerts a dichotomous effect in melanoma, suppressing or promoting tumor progression. This dichotomy is thought to depend on the intracellular NO concentration and the cell type in which it is generated. Due to its central role in the metabolism of multiple critical constituents involved in signaling and stress, it is crucial to explore NO's contribution to the metabolic dysfunction of melanoma. This review will discuss many known metabolites linked to NO production in melanoma. We discuss the synthesis of these metabolites, their role in biochemical pathways, and how they alter the biological processes observed in the melanoma tumor microenvironment. The metabolic pathways altered by NO and the corresponding metabolites reinforce its dual role in melanoma and support investigating this effect for potential avenues of therapeutic intervention.

skin cancer

Preparation of paeoniflorin-glycyrrhizic acid complex transethosome gel and its preventive and therapeutic effects on melasma.

Paeoniflorin (PF) and glycyrrhizic acid (GL) have skin beautifying effects of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, inhibition of melanin formation, and reduction of skin pigmentation. To improve the transdermal permeability of PF and GL in transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) and enhance their anti-melasma efficacy, PF-GL transethosome (PF-GL-TE) was prepared by ethanol injection method, and finally gelled with carbomer-940 to form PF-GL-TE gel. Consequently, the obtained PF-GL-TE is small and uniform, with an average particle size and a PDI value of about 167.9 nm and 0.102. PF-GL-TE gel showed sustained release behavior and high transdermal permeability in vitro release and transdermal tests. Meanwhile, PF-GL-TE gel played significant preventive effects on melasma induced by progesterone injection and ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) irradiation. According to the results of H&E staining and Masson staining of rat skin, PF-GL-TE gel can alleviate the skin inflammation of and reduce the loss of collagen fibers of back skin in the melasma model rats. Compared with the PF-GL mixture gel, PF-GL-TE gel significantly attenuated the oxidative damage of liver and skin by increasing the activity of SOD and reducing the content of MDA. The results of Western blot showed that PF-GL-TE gel might down-regulate melanin-related proteins expressions of MITF/TYR/TRP1 and TRP2 to prevent and treat melasma. These findings indicate that PF-GL-TE gel is an effective TDDS for delivering PF and GL into the skin, providing a promising preparation for effective prevention and treatment of melasma.

skin cancer

Myeloid Sarcoma After «Complete» Remission of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

No abstract found

skin cancer

TRBC1 immunohistochemistry distinguishes cutaneous T-cell lymphoma from inflammatory dermatitis: A retrospective analysis of 39 cases.

No abstract found

skin cancer

Breast simulation pipeline: From medical imaging to patient-specific simulations.

Breast-conserving surgery is the most acceptable operation for breast cancer removal from an invasive and psychological point of view. Before the surgical procedure, a preoperative MRI is performed in the prone configuration, while the surgery is achieved in the supine position. This leads to a considerable movement of the breast, including the tumor, between the two poses, complicating the surgeon's task.

skin cancer

Simultaneous cutaneous melanoma and ipsilateral breast cancer with metastasis to the same axilla. A case report with a focus on a multidisciplinary approach.

Treatment of simultaneously occurring primary malignancies with separate lymphatic drainage is a surgical and medical challenge. We present a patient in which multidisciplinary management of coexisting melanoma and breast cancer was mandatory for optimal results.

skin cancer

International melanoma and non melanoma skin cancer mortality trends: is it time to refocus our attention?

No abstract found

skin cancer

ALPK1 mutants causing ROSAH syndrome or Spiradenoma are activated by human nucleotide sugars.

The atypical protein kinase ALPK1 is activated by the bacterial nucleotide sugar ADP-heptose and phosphorylates TIFA to switch on a signaling pathway that combats microbial infection. In contrast, ALPK1 mutations cause two human diseases: the ALPK1[T237M] and ALPK1[Y254C] mutations underlie ROSAH syndrome (retinal dystrophy, optic nerve oedema, splenomegaly, anhidrosis, and migraine headache), while the ALPK1[V1092A] mutation accounts for 45% of spiradenoma and 30% of spiradenocarcinoma cases studied. In this study, we demonstrate that unlike wild-type (WT) ALPK1, the disease-causing ALPK1 mutants trigger the TIFA-dependent activation of an NF-κB/activator protein 1 reporter gene in the absence of ADP-heptose, which can be suppressed by either of two additional mutations in the ADP-heptose binding site that prevent the activation of WT ALPK1 by ADP-heptose. These observations are explained by our key finding that although ALPK1[T237M] and ALPK1[V1092A] are activated by bacterial ADP-heptose, they can also be activated by nucleotide sugars present in human cells (UDP-mannose, ADP-ribose, and cyclic ADP-ribose) which can be prevented by disruption of the ADP-heptose binding site. The ALPK1[V1092A] mutant was also activated by GDP-mannose, which did not activate ALPK1[T237M]. These are new examples of disease-causing mutations permitting the allosteric activation of an enzyme by endogenous molecules that the WT enzyme does not respond to. We propose that the loss of the specificity of ALPK1 for bacterial ADP-heptose underlies ROSAH syndrome and spiradenoma/spiradenocarcinoma caused by ALPK1 mutation.

skin cancer

Familial uveal melanoma and other tumors in 25 families with monoallelic germline MBD4 variants.

Monoallelic germline MBD4 pathogenic variants were recently reported to cause a predisposition to uveal melanoma, associated with a specific tumor mutational signature and good response to immunotherapy. Monoallelic tumor pathogenic variants have also been described in brain tumors, breast cancers, and myxofibrosarcomas, whereas biallelic germline MBD4 pathogenic variants have been involved in a recessive hereditary adenomatous polyposis and a specific type of acute myeloid leukemia.

skin cancer

The effects of procedural and conceptual knowledge on visual learning.

Even though past research suggests that visual learning may benefit from conceptual knowledge, current interventions for medical image evaluation often focus on procedural knowledge, mainly by teaching classification algorithms. We compared the efficacy of pure procedural knowledge (three-point checklist for evaluating skin lesions) versus combined procedural plus conceptual knowledge (histological explanations for each of the three points). All students then trained their classification skills with a visual learning resource that included images of two types of pigmented skin lesions: benign nevi and malignant melanomas. Both treatments produced significant and long-lasting effects on diagnostic accuracy in transfer tasks. However, only students in the combined procedural plus conceptual knowledge condition significantly improved their diagnostic performance in classifying lesions they had seen before in the pre- and post-tests. Findings suggest that the provision of additional conceptual knowledge supported error correction mechanisms.

skin cancer

Longitudinal evaluation of health-related quality of life after removal of high-risk melanoma in a setting where adjuvant therapy is not available.

To evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with a high-risk skin melanoma after completion of the primary surgical treatment over time, as well as, to identify factors associated with better HRQoL at the beginning and at the end of follow-up. The study included subjects with histopathologically confirmed high-risk skin melanoma in clinical stages IIC, IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC, in whom clinical and radiographic signs of the disease were not confirmed after primary surgical treatment. The HRQoL was evaluated using Short Form-36 (SF-36) after completion of primary surgical treatment (start of follow-up) and after 6 to 12 months (end of follow-up). A total of 71 people completed SF-36 at both points in time. There were no significant differences between the initial and the follow-up total HRQoL score (t = 1.118; p = 0.267). At the start of follow-up, having fewer depressive symptoms, better functional status and lower vitamin D serum levels were associated with a better total HRQoL score. At the end of follow-up, having lower Breslow depth and being employed at the start of follow-up, having fewer depressive symptoms and lower C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels at follow-up, and not developing metastases over follow-up were associated with a higher total HRQoL scores. The HRQoL of people with high-risk melanoma did not change in the year following the complete removal of the tumor. However, presence of depressive symptoms and metastases seem to have the strongest impact on poorer quality of life after surgery.

skin cancer

MMS hotspots: a cross-sectional comparison of U.S. counties with and without Mohs micrographic surgery.

Healthcare access greatly impacts skin cancer diagnosis and mortality rates. Recognition of current disparities in Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) access can assist future policy and clinical decisions to correct them. For the years 2014-2018, the CPT codes for MMS (17,311 and 17,313) were counted on a per county level across the United States per the Medicare Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Prescriber Database. Any county with 0 MMS CPT codes recorded were classified as "without MMS cases." MMS "hotspots" were identified as counties that possessed a high average number of MMS cases compared to the national average, while also being surrounded by counties that possessed a low average number of MMS cases compared to the national average. Three thousand eighty-four counties in the United States were analyzed; 785 (25%) counties were designated as "with MMS cases" and 2301 (75%) "without MMS cases." There were no significant differences in age, ethnicity distribution, or cost per enrollee between the two designations. 74% of counties with MMS cases were considered urban, while only 25% of those without cases were urban (p < 0.01). The median household income was markedly higher in counties with MMS cases ($71,428 vs. $58,913, p < 0.01). With respect to education, more individuals in counties with MMS cases possessed their General Education Development (GED) (89% vs. 86%, p < 0.01) or a college degree (30% vs. 19%, p < 0.01). Forty-nine counties were considered MMS "hotspots." The density of MMS procedures varies greatly based on geography, maintaining the urban-rural disparity matched by the distribution of MMS surgeons. Additionally, there remains a wide income and educational gap between counties with and without MMS. Identifying MMS hotspots may facilitate further investigation into potential surgical access disparities.

skin cancer

Skin biopsies of patients with Morgellon's disease show increased oncostatin M expression relative to healthy controls.

No abstract found

skin cancer

Mohs surgeon workforce survey: a spectrum of clinical, academic, and leadership activities.

Workforce adequacy for Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to describe the current spectrum of clinical, academic, advocacy and leadership activities through a survey of members of the American College of Mohs Surgery (ACMS). The ACMS membership was electronically sent a 43-question anonymous survey between January and May 2023 and there was a 10.7% response rate representing 184 members across 37 states. Nearly 90% are board certified in micrographic dermatologic surgery and 10.3% indicate that they practice in a rural setting (57.1% suburban and 32.6% urban). The median number of half-day surgeons performed Mohs surgery is 6 and nearly half of Mohs surgeons work in a dermatology-only medical group (48.4%), do no use immunohistochemical stains (60.3%), and do not participate in a multidisciplinary tumor board (58.7%). Many respondents indicate they have capacity in their clinical schedules to accommodate more cases and the reasons are multifactorial.

skin cancer

Dermatologic surgeons' approaches to acral lentiginous melanoma: a survey of the American College of Mohs Surgery.

Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a subtype of melanoma that primarily affects ethnic minorities and is associated with poor outcomes. Racial inequalities in melanoma survival, particularly between Blacks and Whites, have been well documented in the literature. There are limited data on the role of surgical approach to ALM and its contribution to the existing disparities in ALM survival. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of surgical approach to ALM among Mohs surgeons. The survey was distributed to members of the American College of Mohs Surgery (ACMS), with 43 physicians completing the survey. The results showed that there was no consensus among Mohs surgeons regarding the surgical approach for ALM, even for advanced stages. 74% respondents performed complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment (CCPDMA) for ALM, including Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) or en face staged excision. However, barriers such as limited training, low comfort operating on acral sites, and inadequate access to specialized biopsies were reported. Treatment recommendations varied widely regardless of the ALM stage, with no significant differences based on exposure to ALM during training, practice setting, or percent of skin of color patients served. These findings highlight the lack of guidelines and the need for more data on outcomes to support optimal management of ALM. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing healthcare disparities and improving survival outcomes, particularly for ethnic minorities affected by ALM. Consensus guidelines could help standardize treatment approaches and potentially reduce disparities in ALM management.

skin cancer

Concordance of basal cell carcinoma subtyping at biopsy vs. excision, and the implications for clinical approach: a multicenter cohort study.

No abstract found

skin cancer

Sepsis-like cytokine release syndrome after application of tebentafusp in metastasized uveal melanoma.

No abstract found

skin cancer

Frequency of skin cancer among psoriasis, vitiligo, and mycosis fungoides patients treated with narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy.

Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy is a popular and relatively contemporary treatment option. However, only a few studies to date have explored the potential risk of skin cancer following NB-UVB treatment.

skin cancer

Altered brain activity and cognitive impairment in patients with psoriasis.

Patients with psoriasis may have cognitive impairment. However, there is limited information regarding intrinsic brain activity and cognitive function in patients with psoriasis.

skin cancer

skin cancer

Clinical, dermatoscopic and histopathologic characteristics of tumoural melanosis: A case-series and literature review.

No abstract found

skin cancer

Awareness of sun exposure risks and photoprotection for preventing pigmentary disorders in Asian populations: Survey results from three Asian countries and expert panel recommendations.

In this article, we review and discuss the photoprotection behavior of Asians based on the literature, along with a subanalysis of an original online survey, and make recommendations to optimize photoprotection for Asian populations to prevent photoaging and pigmentary disorders.

skin cancer

Diagnostic utility of the 23-gene expression profile test for an atypical intradermal melanocytic proliferation.

Ancillary tests such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene expression profile (GEP) testing may be needed to arrive at a definitive diagnosis for some atypical melanocytic neoplasms. A 34-year-old male with a family history of melanoma presented with a large, heterogeneous melanocytic lesion on the cheek. Histopathological review of two biopsies revealed an atypical intradermal melanocytic proliferation with spitzoid features without ulceration or regression. Scattered mitotic figures were identified. In addition to performing SOX10 IHC, PRAME and HMB45 staining highlighted weak, patchy positivity that was stronger in superficial, pleomorphic melanocytes (Ki-67, 5-7% mitotic rate). Based on these concerning but ambiguous IHC results and lingering concern for melanoma reiterated by other consulting dermatopathologists, the 23-GEP was requested for both specimens, which both returned a malignant result. The inconclusive histopathological features of malignancy were resolved by 23-GEP testing, facilitating a final diagnosis of malignant melanoma (pT3a, 2.5 mm Breslow depth, Clark's level IV).

skin cancer

Clinical Features and Immunogenetic Risk Factors Associated With Additional Autoantibodies in Anti-Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1γ Juvenile-Onset Dermatomyositis.

Novel autoantibody specificities including anti-CCAR1 were recently discovered in adult patients with anti-transcriptional intermediary factor (TIF1)-positive dermatomyositis (DM) and were associated with attenuated cancer emergence. The aims of the present study were to examine whether these autoantibodies occur in patients with juvenile-onset DM (JDM) and to determine their associated features.

skin cancer

Nanocarrier-Mediated Immunogenic Cell Death for Melanoma Treatment.

Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin tumor, exhibits notable features including heterogeneity, a high mutational load, and innate immune escape. Despite advancements in melanoma treatment, current immunotherapies fail to fully exploit the immune system's maximum potential. Activating immunogenic cell death (ICD) holds promise in enhancing tumor cell immunogenicity, stimulating immune amplification response, improving drug sensitivity, and eliminating tumors. Nanotechnology-enabled ICD has emerged as a compelling therapeutic strategy for augmenting cancer immunotherapy. Nanoparticles possess versatile attributes, such as prolonged blood circulation, stability, and tumor-targeting capabilities, rendering them ideal for drug delivery. In this review, we elucidate the mechanisms underlying ICD induction and associated therapeutic strategies. Additionally, we provide a concise overview of the immune stress response associated with ICD and explore the potential synergistic benefits of combining ICD induction methods with the utilization of nanocarriers.

skin cancer

Atypical Presentation of Spitz Nevus: A Case Report.

The Spitz nevus (SN) is an acquired melanocytic neoplasm composed of epithelioid and/or spindle cells, which tends to develop in childhood. In pediatric patients, it is usually located on the face and neck. Unusual locations have been found in the literature, such as the penis, mouth, and tongue, as well as 2 cases of ungual SN.

skin cancer

Supportive oncodermatology practices in Europe and the USA.

No abstract found

skin cancer

Expression pattern of osteopontin isoforms in malignant melanoma cell lines.

Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted integrin-binding protein that plays a role in inflammation, cellular viability, cell adhesion and migration, cancer development, and diabetes through different mechanisms. The splice variants of OPN can play essential roles in cancer development, progression, and metastasis formation; however, limited data are available about the role of OPN isoforms in human malignant melanoma. Our goal was to define the gene expression patterns of five OPN variants (OPN4, OPN5, OPNa, OPNb, and OPNc), integrin, and CD44 receptor genes in primary and metastatic melanoma-originated cell lines (n = 19), and to explore the association of the expression patterns with clinicopathological parameters. We evaluated the invasive property of the cell lines and investigated the potential association between the invasion and gene expression of OPN isoforms. We found a significant rise in the expression of OPNc in the invasive cell lines compared to the noninvasive cells and detected significantly higher expression of the OPN splice variants in melanoma cell lines originating from more advanced stages tumors than cell lines originating from early-stage melanomas. The correlation analysis revealed that all five OPN variants positively correlated with ITGB3 and ITGA9, whereas OPN5 positively correlated with ITGB1, ITGAV, ITGA6, and CD44. OPN can activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling through binding to α9β1 integrin, promoting melanoma tumor cell migration. It is possible that such associations between OPN splice variants and integrin receptors may play a role in melanoma progression. In conclusion, our findings suggest that high expression of OPNc correlates with the invasive behavior of melanoma cells.

skin cancer

Bridging the gap between scientific discoveries and clinical application at the Utrecht Science Park.

Associate Professor Victor Peperzak from the University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht in the Netherlands discusses the opportunities and challenges of building a research group in the Netherlands. Victor highlights the scientific strengths of UMC Utrecht in juxtaposition with other universities and centers around the Netherlands, and highlights the collaborative nature of the Dutch research scene.

skin cancer

Computer vision model for the detection of canine pododermatitis and neoplasia of the paw.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used successfully in human dermatology. AI utilises convolutional neural networks (CNN) to accomplish tasks such as image classification, object detection and segmentation, facilitating early diagnosis. Computer vision (CV), a field of AI, has shown great results in detecting signs of human skin diseases. Canine paw skin diseases are a common problem in general veterinary practice, and computer vision tools could facilitate the detection and monitoring of disease processes. Currently, no such tool is available in veterinary dermatology.

skin cancer

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid in northern latitudes, a 25-year experience in Finland.

To evaluate the incidence, clinical features, diagnostic challenges, management and prognosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid (ecSCC) in southern Finland, northern Europe, latitude 62° N.

skin cancer

Real-world experience of implementing the MOLES score in a virtual choroidal naevi clinic at a tertiary referral centre.

The MOLES score has been validated to clinically differentiate choroidal naevi from melanomas by ocular oncologists and community optometrists. However, its utility in a virtual choroidal naevi clinic at a tertiary eye hospital without specialist ocular oncology services has not yet been evaluated.

skin cancer

The presenting symptom signatures of incident cancer: evidence from the English 2018 National Cancer Diagnosis Audit.

Understanding relationships between presenting symptoms and subsequently diagnosed cancers can inform symptom awareness campaigns and investigation strategies.

skin cancer

Systemically administered wound-homing peptide accelerates wound healing by modulating syndecan-4 function.

CAR (CARSKNKDC) is a wound-homing peptide that recognises angiogenic neovessels. Here we discover that systemically administered CAR peptide has inherent ability to promote wound healing: wounds close and re-epithelialise faster in CAR-treated male mice. CAR promotes keratinocyte migration in vitro. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-4 regulates cell migration and is crucial for wound healing. We report that syndecan-4 expression is restricted to epidermis and blood vessels in mice skin wounds. Syndecan-4 regulates binding and internalisation of CAR peptide and CAR-mediated cytoskeletal remodelling. CAR induces syndecan-4-dependent activation of the small GTPase ARF6, via the guanine nucleotide exchange factor cytohesin-2, and promotes syndecan-4-, ARF6- and Cytohesin-2-mediated keratinocyte migration. Finally, we show that genetic ablation of syndecan-4 in male mice eliminates CAR-induced wound re-epithelialisation following systemic administration. We propose that CAR peptide activates syndecan-4 functions to selectively promote re-epithelialisation. Thus, CAR peptide provides a therapeutic approach to enhance wound healing in mice; systemic, yet target organ- and cell-specific.

skin cancer

A keloid-like tumour.

No abstract found

skin cancer

Symptoms and Prognoses of Patients With Breast Cancer and Malignant Wounds in Palliative Care Units: The Multicenter, Prospective, Observational EASED Study.

This study sought to investigate the symptoms and prognoses of patients with breast cancer and malignant wounds in the palliative care unit setting.

skin cancer

Ultrasound of Benign Cutaneous Tumors and Pseudotumors: The Key Lesions.

Benign cutaneous tumors are commonly seen in daily practice. Most of these lesions are diagnosed based on clinical appearance, but in some cases, clinical findings are nonspecific. A diagnostic imaging exam is indicated to provide additional information, and the first choice for studying dermatologic lesions is a high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound, a noninvasive technique that can play a relevant role in all cases and give important anatomical information for final diagnosis and proper clinical management. This article aims to show the most common benign skin lesions emphasizing clinical-sonographic correlation and familiarizing radiologists with the sonographic appearance of the key benign cutaneous tumors.

skin cancer

Ultrasound of Skin Cancer: What We Need to Know.

Ultrasound is an imaging technique that can provide critical anatomical information about malignant skin tumors that cannot be deducted by clinical examination, dermoscopy, or even biopsy. This data can support detecting and assessing the extent of the primary tumor and its differential diagnosis, surgical planning, and locoregional staging. Moreover, this non-invasive technique can help to follow-up and detect recurrences. This review aims to address the most common indications for ultrasound in skin oncology and provide a comprehensive guide to the grayscale and color-Doppler findings in cutaneous melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and other cutaneous malignant tumors.

skin cancer

Epidemiology of facial skin cancers managed in a French ambulatory surgical center.

Approximately 80,000 cases of skin cancer are diagnosed annually in France. The management of these cancers can occur in both university hospital centers and ambulatory surgery centers. Limited data exist regarding the epidemiology of cutaneous cancers treated through ambulatory surgery centers. The objective of our study is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of cutaneous cancers managed in a tertiary ambulatory surgery center.

skin cancer

Fatal outcome in classic Kaposi's sarcoma.

No abstract found

skin cancer

Methotrexate did not add skin cancer risk in patients with psoriasis receiving narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.

In the era of biologic therapy, phototherapy and methotrexate (MTX) are still commonly used for treatment in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. However, the skin cancer risk following a combination of MTX and narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) has rarely been explored.

skin cancer

Immunohistochemical and Molecular Characteristics of Anogenital Papillary Hidradenomas.

Papillary hidradenomas (PHs) of the anogenital region are uncommon tumors whose immunohistochemical and molecular profile have been infrequently studied.

skin cancer

Primary Mucinous Carcinoma of Skin: A Rare Cutaneous Neoplasm. Clinicopathologic Features, Differential Diagnoses, and Review of Literature.

Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin (PMCS) is a rare malignant neoplasm of sweat gland origin, with an incidence of 0.07 per million. Histologically, it may be difficult to differentiate it from metastatic mucinous carcinomas of the skin. A case of PMCS is reported here in a 59-year-old woman who presented with a lesion on the right lower eyelid. Histological examination revealed features of mucinous adenocarcinoma. The main differential diagnosis was metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma; however, the lack of colorectal and lung markers and the presence of focal in situ components were consistent with the diagnosis of PMCS. PMCS and breast mucinous carcinoma share immunohistochemical markers, such as GCDFP-15 and mammaglobin; however, focal in situ component with the presence of myoepithelial cells in the tumor ruled out metastatic mucinous carcinoma of breast origin. The subsequent mammograms did not reveal any breast lesions. Colonoscopy did not show any evidence of colonic malignancy, and imaging studies (CT scan) did not show any evidence of neoplasm in the body. These findings were in keeping with a diagnosis of PMCS. The present case emphasizes the importance of clinicopathological correlation, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry in the accurate diagnosis of PMCS and summarizes the literature on these rare cutaneous neoplasms.

skin cancer

TRPS1 Expression in Endocrine Mucin-Producing Sweat Gland Carcinoma: Diagnostic Utility and Pitfalls.

No abstract found

skin cancer

Dendritic Cell-Based In Situ Nanovaccine for Reprogramming Lipid Metabolism to Boost Tumor Immunotherapy.

Cancer vaccines have been considered to be an alternative therapeutic strategy for tumor therapy in the past decade. However, the popularity and efficacy of cancer vaccines were hampered by tumor antigen heterogeneity and the impaired function of cross-presentation in the tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDCs). To overcome these challenges, we engineered an in situ nanovaccine (named as TPOP) based on lipid metabolism-regulating and innate immune-stimulated nanoparticles. TPOP could capture tumor antigens and induce specific recognition by TIDCs to be taken up. Meanwhile, TPOP could manipulate TIDC lipid metabolism and inhibit de novo synthesis of fatty acids, thus improving the ability of TIDCs to cross-present by reducing their lipid accumulation. Significantly, intratumoral injection of TPOP combined with pretreatment with doxorubicin showed a considerable therapeutic effect in the subcutaneous mouse colorectal cancer model and melanoma model. Moreover, in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, such TPOP could markedly inhibit the growth of distant tumors by systemic antitumor immune responses. This work provides a safe and promising strategy for improving the function of immune cells by manipulating their metabolism and activating the immune system effectively for in situ cancer vaccines.

skin cancer

Development of Pilomatrixoma at the Vaccination Site: A Rare Complication of COVID-19 Vaccination - A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Pilomatrixoma, pilomatricoma, or calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a common benign tumor that arises from the base of the hair follicle. Pilomatrixoma has previously been reported at vaccination sites. This report is of a 65-year-old man with an 18-month history of an enlarging pilomatrixoma of the left upper arm at the vaccination site, following a first COVID-19 vaccination. CASE REPORT The case involves a 65-year-old man who developed a left shoulder mass 1.5 years ago. The mass appeared at his COVID-19 vaccine site 3 months after receiving the first dose. The mass measures 3 cm in diameter, was mobile, and exhibited no signs of infection in the physical examination. Surgical excision was performed, and pathology confirmed the mass as a pilomatrixoma, characterized by basaloid cells and keratinization. Three months after surgery, no recurrence was observed. CONCLUSIONS This report has presented an association between vaccination injection sites and pilomatrixoma aligning with previous findings. Enhanced awareness about this condition can substantially improve pilomatrixoma diagnosis accuracy and reduce unnecessary examinations and treatments. Furthermore, we recommend that, along with clinical symptoms, ultrasound imaging be considered a valuable diagnostic tool for pilomatrixoma, with histopathological results to confirm the diagnosis.

skin cancer

A retrospective multicenter study of oral and maxillofacial lesions in older people.

Few studies on the distribution of oral diseases in older people are available in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and demographic characteristics of oral and maxillofacial lesions in geriatric patients (age ≥ 60 years). A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Biopsy records were obtained from archives of three Brazilian oral pathology centers over a 20-year period. Data on sex, age, anatomical site, skin color, and histopathological diagnosis were collected and analyzed. Pearson's chi-square test was used to evaluate differences in the frequency of the different oral and maxillofacial lesion groups. A total of 7,476 biopsy records of older patients were analyzed. Most cases were diagnosed in patients aged 60 to 69 years (n = 4,487; 60.0%). Females were more affected (n = 4,403; 58.9%) with a female-to-male ratio of 1:0.7 (p < 0.001). The tongue (n = 1,196; 16.4%), lower lip (n = 1,005; 13.8%), and buccal mucosa (n = 997; 13.7%) were the most common anatomical sites. Reactive and inflammatory lesions (n = 3,840; 51.3%) were the most prevalent non-neoplastic pathologies (p < 0.001), followed by cysts (n = 475; 6.4%). Malignant neoplasms were more frequent (n = 1,353; 18.1%) than benign neoplasms (n = 512; 6.8%). Fibrous/fibroepithelial hyperplasia (n = 2,042; 53.2%) (p < 0.001) and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1,191; 88.03%) (p < 0.001) were the most common oral lesions in older adults. Biopsy data allow the accurate characterization of the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial lesions, supporting the development of public health policies that can enable the prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment of these lesions. Also, they bring valuable information that helps dentists and geriatricians diagnose these diseases.

skin cancer

Treatments of palpebral congenital melanocytic nevus: a systematic review.

Palpebral congenital melanocytic nevi (PCMN) is a rare congenital skin lesion affecting the eyelids that can lead to cosmetic and psychological concerns and potential health risks such as malignancy. Several authors have analyzed therapeutical strategies to treat PCMN. However, there was no consensus in the literature. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and success of treatments of PCMN.

skin cancer

Head and neck cancer patients under radiotherapy undergoing skin application of hydrogel dressing or hyaluronic acid: results from a prospective, randomized study.

Acute radiodermatitis (ARD) is a frequent side effect of radiotherapy, a therapeutic option for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is responsible for pain, quality of life (QoL) impairment, and increased risk of treatment discontinuation, which may compromise the prognosis for patients. Local therapies to prevent or alleviate ARD have been proposed without providing any high level of evidence to establish recommendations.

skin cancer

Evaluation of the additional prophylactic effect of topical steroid ointment to systemic minocycline against anti-epidermal growth factor antibody-induced skin toxicities in metastatic colorectal cancer treatment.

Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies often cause skin toxicities. Preemptive skin treatments using systemic antibiotics with or without topical steroid are reportedly effective although the most suitable method remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether combination prophylaxis using systemic minocycline and topical steroid is superior to minocycline alone in a real-world metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment.

skin cancer

Longer Survival From Melanoma in Germany.

New treatment options for cutaneous melanomas with a poor prognosis have been available since 2011, including immune therapies and targeted drugs. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that these treatments improve survival, but no population- level studies have been available to date.

skin cancer

Combined Inhibition of EZH2 and FGFR is Synergistic in BAP1-deficient Malignant Mesothelioma.

Malignant mesothelioma is a highly aggressive tumor with a survival of only 4-18 months after diagnosis. Treatment options for this disease are limited. Immune checkpoint blockade using ipilimumab and nivolumab has recently been approved as a frontline therapy, but this led to only a small improvement in overall patient survival. As more than half of patients with mesothelioma have alterations in the gene encoding for BAP1 this could be a potential marker for targeted therapies. In this study, we investigated the synergistic potential of combining EZH2 inhibition together with FGFR inhibition for treatment of BAP1-deficient malignancies. The efficacy of the combination was evaluated using human and murine preclinical models of mesothelioma and uveal melanoma in vitro. The efficacy of the combination was further validated in vivo by using BAP1-deficient mesothelioma xenografts and autochthonous mouse models. In vitro data showed sensitivity to the combined inhibition in BAP1-deficient mesothelioma and uveal melanoma tumor cell lines but not for BAP1-proficient subtypes. In vivo data showed susceptibility to the combination of BAP1-deficient xenografts and demonstrated an increase of survival in autochthonous models of mesothelioma. These results highlight the potential of this novel drug combination for the treatment of mesothelioma using BAP1 as a biomarker. Given these encouraging preclinical results, it will be important to clinically explore dual EZH2/FGFR inhibition in patients with BAP1-deficient malignant mesothelioma and justify further exploration in other BAP1 loss-associated tumors.

skin cancer

Resistin - A Plausible Therapeutic Target in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis.

Resistin, a cytokine hormone predominantly secreted by adipose tissue, is elevated in various metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In addition to its involvement in metabolic regulation, resistin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Numerous studies have reported increased resistin levels in psoriatic skin lesions, suggesting a possible association between resistin and psoriasis. Recent studies have suggested the potential involvement of resistin in the development and progression of certain cancers. Resistin is overexpressed in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancers. This suggests that it may play a role in the development of these cancers, possibly by inducing inflammation and cell growth. The link between resistin and cancer raises the possibility of shared underlying mechanisms driving the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Chronic inflammation, one such mechanism, is a hallmark of psoriasis and cancer. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between resistin and psoriasis. Identifying potential therapeutic targets is crucial for effective management of psoriasis. By doing so, we may be able to develop more effective treatment options for individuals living with psoriasis and ultimately improve their quality of life. Ultimately, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the impact of resistin on psoriasis is essential for advancing our knowledge and finding new ways to treat and manage this challenging condition.

skin cancer

Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Extramammary Paget Disease (EMPD): A Review.

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare skin tumor that manifests as poorly delimited lesions located mainly in genital area. Prognosis correlates with thickness and dermal invasion. The gold standard for diagnosis is the histopathological study of a biopsy. However, this technique is invasive and only shows a small area of the tumor. A good correlation has been reported between ultrasounds (US) and histopathologic finding. Moreover, a US examination has the advantages of wide availability, noninvasiveness, low cost, ease of use, and real-time scanning. We review the ultrasound signs described for this disease.

skin cancer

A pan-cancer analysis of the role of argininosuccinate synthase 1 in human tumors.

There is accumulating evidence indicating that ASS1 is closely related to tumors. No pan-cancer analysis of ASS1 was available.

skin cancer

Dermoscopic Evaluation of Actinic Changes in the Lips of Indigenous Children Living at High Altitude in Ecuador: A Descriptive Study.

BACKGROUND High altitude increases sunlight exposure, resulting in actinic keratosis, which predisposes people to skin cancer. The dermoscopy procedure evaluates keratotic and pigmented skin changes. This study aimed to describe the clinical and dermoscopic actinic changes in the lips of 25 indigenous children living at high altitude in Ecuador. MATERIAL AND METHODS An observational study was conducted in a public school in the Andes region of Ecuador (August-November 2019). Twenty-five children, males and females, age 5-15 years were assessed by complete physical examination, digital dermoscopic photographs, and punch biopsies. Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test were used to summarize and analyze the data. RESULTS We included 17 (68%) boys and 8 (32%) girls with a mean age of 9.8±2.0 years. Clinical lips findings reported desquamation [52% Upper Lip (UL); 40% Lower Lip (LL)], fissuring (8% UL; 8% LL), scabs (8% UL; 8% LL), and discoloration (40% UL; 20% LL). Dermoscopic features included a white-yellow lip color (24% UL; p=0.02). The main morphologic pattern of blood vessels was monomorphic (88% UL; p<0.001), polymorphous (60% LL; p<0.001), dotted pattern (64% UL; 28% LL; p=0.02), and linear-irregular (32% UL; 72% LL; p=0.01). Girls had radiating white structures on UL (p=0.025), while boys presented white structureless areas (UL 63.6%; LL 77.8%; p=0.032). No differences in dermoscopic findings were observed according to Fitzpatrick scale score (FSS). Punch biopsies showed no indications of actinic cheilitis. CONCLUSIONS Dermoscopic features in indigenous children living in high altitudes were related to actinic damage, but histopathological findings were negative.

skin cancer

A Challenging Diagnosis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma Occurring in the Lymph Nodes and Skin of a Patient with Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report.

No abstract found

skin cancer

Research progress on hydrogel-based drug therapy in melanoma immunotherapy.

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin tumors, and conventional treatment modalities are not effective in treating advanced melanoma. Although immunotherapy is an effective treatment for melanoma, it has disadvantages, such as a poor response rate and serious systemic immune-related toxic side effects. The main solution to this problem is the use of biological materials such as hydrogels to reduce these side effects and amplify the immune killing effect against tumor cells. Hydrogels have great advantages as local slow-release drug carriers, including the ability to deliver antitumor drugs directly to the tumor site, enhance the local drug concentration in tumor tissue, reduce systemic drug distribution and exhibit good degradability. Despite these advantages, there has been limited research on the application of hydrogels in melanoma treatment. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive review of the potential application of hydrogels in melanoma immunotherapy. Hydrogels can serve as carriers for sustained drug delivery, enabling the targeted and localized delivery of drugs with minimal systemic side effects. This approach has the potential to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for melanoma. Thus, the use of hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles for melanoma immunotherapy has great potential and warrants further exploration. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(2): 71-78].

skin cancer

Detection for melanoma skin cancer through ACCF, BPPF, and CLF techniques with machine learning approach.

Intense sun exposure is a major risk factor for the development of melanoma, an abnormal proliferation of skin cells. Yet, this more prevalent type of skin cancer can also develop in less-exposed areas, such as those that are shaded. Melanoma is the sixth most common type of skin cancer. In recent years, computer-based methods for imaging and analyzing biological systems have made considerable strides. This work investigates the use of advanced machine learning methods, specifically ensemble models with Auto Correlogram Methods, Binary Pyramid Pattern Filter, and Color Layout Filter, to enhance the detection accuracy of Melanoma skin cancer. These results suggest that the Color Layout Filter model of the Attribute Selection Classifier provides the best overall performance. Statistics for ROC, PRC, Kappa, F-Measure, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient were as follows: 90.96% accuracy, 0.91 precision, 0.91 recall, 0.95 ROC, 0.87 PRC, 0.87 Kappa, 0.91 F-Measure, and 0.82 Matthews Correlation Coefficient. In addition, its margins of error are the smallest. The research found that the Attribute Selection Classifier performed well when used in conjunction with the Color Layout Filter to improve image quality.

skin cancer

Metabolic tagging of extracellular vesicles and development of enhanced extracellular vesicle based cancer vaccines.

As key mediators of cellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been actively explored for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, effective methods to functionalize EVs and modulate the interaction between EVs and recipient cells are still lacking. Here we report a facile and universal metabolic tagging technology that can install unique chemical tags (e.g., azido groups) onto EVs. The surface chemical tags enable conjugation of molecules via efficient click chemistry, for the tracking and targeted modulation of EVs. In the context of tumor EV vaccines, we show that the conjugation of toll-like receptor 9 agonists onto EVs enables timely activation of dendritic cells and generation of superior antitumor CD8

skin cancer

Evolution of high-molecular-mass hyaluronic acid is associated with subterranean lifestyle.

Hyaluronic acid is a major component of extracellular matrix which plays an important role in development, cellular response to injury and inflammation, cell migration, and cancer. The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) contains abundant high-molecular-mass hyaluronic acid in its tissues, which contributes to this species' cancer resistance and possibly to its longevity. Here we report that abundant high-molecular-mass hyaluronic acid is found in a wide range of subterranean mammalian species, but not in phylogenetically related aboveground species. These subterranean mammalian species accumulate abundant high-molecular-mass hyaluronic acid by regulating the expression of genes involved in hyaluronic acid degradation and synthesis and contain unique mutations in these genes. The abundant high-molecular-mass hyaluronic acid may benefit the adaptation to subterranean environment by increasing skin elasticity and protecting from oxidative stress due to hypoxic conditions. Our work suggests that high-molecular-mass hyaluronic acid has evolved with subterranean lifestyle.