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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Felix von Heijden", "paragraph_text": "Herman Carel Felix Clotilde von Heijden (11 April 1890 in Weerselo – 17 November 1982 in Boxtel) was a football (soccer) player from the Netherlands, who represented his home country at the 1920 Summer Olympics. There he won the bronze medal with the Netherlands national football team. He was also present at the 1912 Summer Olympics although he did not play and therefore received no medal. Later he became mayor of Rosmalen, North Brabant (1923–1955).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Ahn Byeong-keun", "paragraph_text": "Ahn Byeong-keun (born February 23, 1962) is a retired judoka from South Korea, who represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics. There he claimed the gold medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg) by defeating Italy's Ezio Gamba in the final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ron Laird", "paragraph_text": "Ronald (\"Ron\") Owen Laird (born May 31, 1938 in Louisville, Kentucky) was a race walker from the United States, who competed for the New York Athletic Club. He represented his native country at four Olympiads. His best finish was 19th place in the men's 50 km walk at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. He won the 20 km event at the 1967 Pan American Games, and finished 25th in that event in the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and 20th in the Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics, but was disqualified in the 1964 Summer Olympics event in Tokyo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Alberto Angelini", "paragraph_text": "Alberto Angelini (born 28 September 1974 in Savona) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996 (Atlanta, Georgia). He was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal in 1996.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Leonardo Sottani", "paragraph_text": "Leonardo Sottani (born 1 November 1973 in Figline Valdarno) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There the attacking forward (1m97) was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Alessandra Cappa", "paragraph_text": "Alessandra Cappa (born May 19, 1981) is a backstroke swimmer from Italy who won the bronze medal in the women's 50 metres backstroke event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Sweden at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Sweden competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 260 competitors, 247 men and 13 women, took part in 100 events in 18 sports.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Roberto Calcaterra", "paragraph_text": "Roberto Calcaterra (born February 2, 1972 in Civitavecchia) is a retired water polo defense player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There he won the bronze medal with the men's national team. Calcaterra also competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Polkagris", "paragraph_text": "Polkagris (plural: \"polkagrisar\") is a Swedish stick candy that was invented in 1859 by Amalia Eriksson in the town of Gränna, Sweden, and remains a popular candy tradition in the town. The traditional polkagris candy stick is white and red, and is peppermint-flavoured.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Vittorio Zucca", "paragraph_text": "He competed at the 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics. Vittorio Zucca has won four time the individual national championship. On the track in the sand of a 100 meters of the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920, he measured Vittorio Zucca, a native of Pula, at that time part of the Kingdom of Italy. Zucca was also in Paris 1924.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Francesco Postiglione", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Roldano Simeoni", "paragraph_text": "Roldano Simeoni (Civitavecchia, December 21, 1948) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ralph Gomes", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Gomes (born June 13, 1937 in Uitvlugt) is a retired track and field athlete from Guyana. He competed in the middle-distances, and represented his native country at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Léopold Standaert", "paragraph_text": "Léopold Standaert was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium in the 8 Metre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Paola Cavallino", "paragraph_text": "Paola Cavallino (born 6 June 1977 in Genova) is a butterfly swimmer from Italy, who won the silver medal in the women's 200 metres butterfly event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "1980 Summer Olympics boycott", "paragraph_text": "The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott was one part of a number of actions initiated by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics, and other countries would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Paola Paggi", "paragraph_text": "Paola Paggi (born 6 December 1976 in Ivrea, Piedmont) is a volleyball player from Italy, who represented her native country in two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2000. She was a member of the Women's National Team, that won the title at the 2002 FIVB Women's World Championship in Germany. Paggi made her debut for Italy on 22 May 1999 against Cuba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 107318, "question": "Which was the country for Polkagris?", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 221169, "question": "#1 at the 1920 Summer Olympics >> country", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Roberto Calcaterra", "paragraph_text": "Roberto Calcaterra (born February 2, 1972 in Civitavecchia) is a retired water polo defense player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There he won the bronze medal with the men's national team. Calcaterra also competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "At the 1920 Summer Olympics held in Antwerp, 29 athletics events were contested, all for men only. The competitions were held from August 15, 1920 to August 23, 1920.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Bohumil Rameš", "paragraph_text": "Bohumil Rameš (4 March 1895 – 1974) was a Czech cyclist. He competed for Bohemia at the 1912 Summer Olympics and for Czechoslovakia at the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Josef Sucharda", "paragraph_text": "Josef Sucharda (18 April 1883 – 19 January 1963) was a Czech sports shooter. He competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics and the 1924 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Sweden at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Sweden competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 260 competitors, 247 men and 13 women, took part in 100 events in 18 sports.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Ambra Migliori", "paragraph_text": "Ambra Migliori (born 10 March 1984) is an Olympic swimmer from Italy. She swam for Italy at the 2004 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Vittorio Zucca", "paragraph_text": "He competed at the 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics. Vittorio Zucca has won four time the individual national championship. On the track in the sand of a 100 meters of the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920, he measured Vittorio Zucca, a native of Pula, at that time part of the Kingdom of Italy. Zucca was also in Paris 1924.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Tug of war at the Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Roldano Simeoni", "paragraph_text": "Roldano Simeoni (Civitavecchia, December 21, 1948) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Léopold Standaert", "paragraph_text": "Léopold Standaert was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium in the 8 Metre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Pietro Reverberi", "paragraph_text": "Pietro Reverberi (December 28, 1912 in Reggio Emilia, Italy – February 19, 1985 in Reggio Emilia, Italy) was an Italian basketball referee. He called over 3,000 games in Italy, on different levels of competition. He refereed in the 1952 Summer Olympics, 1956 Summer Olympics, and 1960 Summer Olympics, and in several FIBA World Cups, and EuroBaskets. In 2007, he was enshrined into the FIBA Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Arnoud van der Biesen", "paragraph_text": "Arnoud Eugène van der Biesen (December 28, 1899 Semarang, Dutch East Indies - February 17, 1968, The Hague) was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Sante Marsili", "paragraph_text": "Sante Marsili (born 31 October 1950 in Naples, Italy) is an Italian former water polo player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics, in the 1976 Summer Olympics, and in the 1980 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Louis Diercxsens", "paragraph_text": "Louis Diercxsens (28 September 1898 – 21 April 1992) was a Belgian field hockey player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics and in the 1928 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Sidney Cross", "paragraph_text": "Sidney Cross (5 January 1891 – 7 October 1964) was a British gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Tomas Andersson", "paragraph_text": "Tomas Andersson was born and raised in Luleå, Sweden. In the early nineties Andersson moved to Stockholm where he attended Stockholm University majoring in Law. During this time he began his career as a musician, playing at various indie clubs of Stockholm. Among his first music cooperations were \"The Submarine Prophets\", a psychedelic space pop group, who released a 12\" EP 'Dive' in 1990, and \"Subcode\", a minimal techno group. Initially Andersson started out organizing parties and working as a DJ. He then turned to producing music using an Amiga computer and a number of vintage Synthesizers.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Francesco Postiglione", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 103878, "question": "Where was Tomas Andersson from?", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 221169, "question": "#1 at the 1920 Summer Olympics >> country", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "James McEachern", "paragraph_text": "James Marshall McEachern (June 2, 1881 – April 26, 1969) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics and in the 1924 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Diving at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Women's 3 metre springboard", "paragraph_text": "The women's 3 metre springboard was presented to the Olympic Games for the first time as one of five diving events on the diving at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. The competition was held on Monday, August 29, 1920.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Louis Diercxsens", "paragraph_text": "Louis Diercxsens (28 September 1898 – 21 April 1992) was a Belgian field hockey player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics and in the 1928 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Léopold Standaert", "paragraph_text": "Léopold Standaert was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium in the 8 Metre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Karel Meijer", "paragraph_text": "Karel Meijer (June 26, 1884 in Amsterdam – December 29, 1967 in Amstelveen) was a Dutch water polo player who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Roldano Simeoni", "paragraph_text": "Roldano Simeoni (Civitavecchia, December 21, 1948) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Bohumil Rameš", "paragraph_text": "Bohumil Rameš (4 March 1895 – 1974) was a Czech cyclist. He competed for Bohemia at the 1912 Summer Olympics and for Czechoslovakia at the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Tug of war at the Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Steam engine", "paragraph_text": "Although the reciprocating steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use, various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine as an alternative to internal combustion engines. The company Energiprojekt AB in Sweden has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of steam. The efficiency of Energiprojekt's steam engine reaches some 27-30% on high-pressure engines. It is a single-step, 5-cylinder engine (no compound) with superheated steam and consumes approx. 4 kg (8.8 lb) of steam per kWh.[not in citation given]", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Ambra Migliori", "paragraph_text": "Ambra Migliori (born 10 March 1984) is an Olympic swimmer from Italy. She swam for Italy at the 2004 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Vittorio Zucca", "paragraph_text": "He competed at the 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics. Vittorio Zucca has won four time the individual national championship. On the track in the sand of a 100 meters of the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920, he measured Vittorio Zucca, a native of Pula, at that time part of the Kingdom of Italy. Zucca was also in Paris 1924.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Francesco Postiglione", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France. The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Sidney Cross", "paragraph_text": "Sidney Cross (5 January 1891 – 7 October 1964) was a British gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Sweden at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Sweden competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 260 competitors, 247 men and 13 women, took part in 100 events in 18 sports.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Sante Marsili", "paragraph_text": "Sante Marsili (born 31 October 1950 in Naples, Italy) is an Italian former water polo player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics, in the 1976 Summer Olympics, and in the 1980 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Pietro Reverberi", "paragraph_text": "Pietro Reverberi (December 28, 1912 in Reggio Emilia, Italy – February 19, 1985 in Reggio Emilia, Italy) was an Italian basketball referee. He called over 3,000 games in Italy, on different levels of competition. He refereed in the 1952 Summer Olympics, 1956 Summer Olympics, and 1960 Summer Olympics, and in several FIBA World Cups, and EuroBaskets. In 2007, he was enshrined into the FIBA Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 40627, "question": "Where is Energiprojekt AB based?", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 221169, "question": "#1 at the 1920 Summer Olympics >> country", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Alessandra Cappa", "paragraph_text": "Alessandra Cappa (born May 19, 1981) is a backstroke swimmer from Italy who won the bronze medal in the women's 50 metres backstroke event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Léopold Standaert", "paragraph_text": "Léopold Standaert was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium in the 8 Metre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Leonardo Sottani", "paragraph_text": "Leonardo Sottani (born 1 November 1973 in Figline Valdarno) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There the attacking forward (1m97) was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Paola Cavallino", "paragraph_text": "Paola Cavallino (born 6 June 1977 in Genova) is a butterfly swimmer from Italy, who won the silver medal in the women's 200 metres butterfly event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Khmer Republic at the 1972 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Cambodia competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. The nation returned to the Olympic Games as the Khmer Republic (1970–1975) after missing the 1968 Summer Olympics. Owing to the troubled situation of the country Cambodia would not compete again until the 1996 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Paola Paggi", "paragraph_text": "Paola Paggi (born 6 December 1976 in Ivrea, Piedmont) is a volleyball player from Italy, who represented her native country in two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2000. She was a member of the Women's National Team, that won the title at the 2002 FIVB Women's World Championship in Germany. Paggi made her debut for Italy on 22 May 1999 against Cuba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Roberto Calcaterra", "paragraph_text": "Roberto Calcaterra (born February 2, 1972 in Civitavecchia) is a retired water polo defense player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There he won the bronze medal with the men's national team. Calcaterra also competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Dia Psalma", "paragraph_text": "Dia Psalma was a self-described punk/folk rock/metal fusion band, from Strängnäs, Sweden. It was formed by former members of Strebers that started in 1985 (and played as Sixguns for a while).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Ron Laird", "paragraph_text": "Ronald (\"Ron\") Owen Laird (born May 31, 1938 in Louisville, Kentucky) was a race walker from the United States, who competed for the New York Athletic Club. He represented his native country at four Olympiads. His best finish was 19th place in the men's 50 km walk at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. He won the 20 km event at the 1967 Pan American Games, and finished 25th in that event in the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and 20th in the Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics, but was disqualified in the 1964 Summer Olympics event in Tokyo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Felix von Heijden", "paragraph_text": "Herman Carel Felix Clotilde von Heijden (11 April 1890 in Weerselo – 17 November 1982 in Boxtel) was a football (soccer) player from the Netherlands, who represented his home country at the 1920 Summer Olympics. There he won the bronze medal with the Netherlands national football team. He was also present at the 1912 Summer Olympics although he did not play and therefore received no medal. Later he became mayor of Rosmalen, North Brabant (1923–1955).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ralph Gomes", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Gomes (born June 13, 1937 in Uitvlugt) is a retired track and field athlete from Guyana. He competed in the middle-distances, and represented his native country at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Francesco Postiglione", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Alberto Angelini", "paragraph_text": "Alberto Angelini (born 28 September 1974 in Savona) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996 (Atlanta, Georgia). He was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal in 1996.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Antonio Oliviero", "paragraph_text": "Antonio Oliviero (born 18 July 1943 in Sorrento, Naples) is a sailor from Italy. Oliviero represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Oliviero di Amato took 19th place in the Soling with Giuseppe Milone as helmsman and Roberto Mottola di Amato as fellow crew member.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Sweden at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Sweden competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 260 competitors, 247 men and 13 women, took part in 100 events in 18 sports.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Vittorio Zucca", "paragraph_text": "He competed at the 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics. Vittorio Zucca has won four time the individual national championship. On the track in the sand of a 100 meters of the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920, he measured Vittorio Zucca, a native of Pula, at that time part of the Kingdom of Italy. Zucca was also in Paris 1924.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Ahn Byeong-keun", "paragraph_text": "Ahn Byeong-keun (born February 23, 1962) is a retired judoka from South Korea, who represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics. There he claimed the gold medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg) by defeating Italy's Ezio Gamba in the final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 107210, "question": "Which was the country for Dia Psalma?", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 221169, "question": "#1 at the 1920 Summer Olympics >> country", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Vittorio Zucca", "paragraph_text": "He competed at the 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics. Vittorio Zucca has won four time the individual national championship. On the track in the sand of a 100 meters of the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920, he measured Vittorio Zucca, a native of Pula, at that time part of the Kingdom of Italy. Zucca was also in Paris 1924.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Tug of war at the Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Arnoud van der Biesen", "paragraph_text": "Arnoud Eugène van der Biesen (December 28, 1899 Semarang, Dutch East Indies - February 17, 1968, The Hague) was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Ambra Migliori", "paragraph_text": "Ambra Migliori (born 10 March 1984) is an Olympic swimmer from Italy. She swam for Italy at the 2004 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Léopold Standaert", "paragraph_text": "Léopold Standaert was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium in the 8 Metre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Ron Laird", "paragraph_text": "Ronald (\"Ron\") Owen Laird (born May 31, 1938 in Louisville, Kentucky) was a race walker from the United States, who competed for the New York Athletic Club. He represented his native country at four Olympiads. His best finish was 19th place in the men's 50 km walk at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. He won the 20 km event at the 1967 Pan American Games, and finished 25th in that event in the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and 20th in the Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics, but was disqualified in the 1964 Summer Olympics event in Tokyo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "André Regaud", "paragraph_text": "André Regaud (14 February 1868 – 12 January 1945) was a French shooter who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics, the 1912 Summer Olympics and the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Hans Bryner", "paragraph_text": "Hans Robert Bryner (born 19 March 1911, date of death unknown) was a Swiss sailor who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics, in the 1952 Summer Olympics, in the 1960 Summer Olympics, and in the 1964 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Francesco Postiglione", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Roldano Simeoni", "paragraph_text": "Roldano Simeoni (Civitavecchia, December 21, 1948) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "At the 1920 Summer Olympics held in Antwerp, 29 athletics events were contested, all for men only. The competitions were held from August 15, 1920 to August 23, 1920.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Josef Sucharda", "paragraph_text": "Josef Sucharda (18 April 1883 – 19 January 1963) was a Czech sports shooter. He competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics and the 1924 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Sweden at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Sweden competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 260 competitors, 247 men and 13 women, took part in 100 events in 18 sports.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Ralph Gomes", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Gomes (born June 13, 1937 in Uitvlugt) is a retired track and field athlete from Guyana. He competed in the middle-distances, and represented his native country at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Bohumil Rameš", "paragraph_text": "Bohumil Rameš (4 March 1895 – 1974) was a Czech cyclist. He competed for Bohemia at the 1912 Summer Olympics and for Czechoslovakia at the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Hans Edler", "paragraph_text": "Hans Edler (born in Björkhagen, Stockholm, Sweden on 23 March 1945) is a Swedish pop musician, record company manager and concert promoter.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Hans Schelling", "paragraph_text": "Johannes \"Hans\" Schelling (October 27, 1954, Leiderdorp – May 20, 2008, Zoetermeer) was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Pusan. With Henry Koning as helmsman, Schelling took the 15th place in the Flying Dutchman.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Hans Næss (sailor)", "paragraph_text": "Hans Henrik Stoermann-Næss (3 November 1886 – 10 December 1958) was a Norwegian sailor who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 103769, "question": "Where was Hans Edler from?", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 221169, "question": "#1 at the 1920 Summer Olympics >> country", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Paola Cavallino", "paragraph_text": "Paola Cavallino (born 6 June 1977 in Genova) is a butterfly swimmer from Italy, who won the silver medal in the women's 200 metres butterfly event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Giacomo Vassanelli", "paragraph_text": "Giacomo Vassanelli (born May 5, 1983 in Verona) is a freestyle swimmer from Italy, who won the gold medal in the men's 4×100 metres freestyle event at the 2004 European Championships. He represented his native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Léopold Standaert", "paragraph_text": "Léopold Standaert was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium in the 8 Metre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Ahn Byeong-keun", "paragraph_text": "Ahn Byeong-keun (born February 23, 1962) is a retired judoka from South Korea, who represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics. There he claimed the gold medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg) by defeating Italy's Ezio Gamba in the final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Annamaria Solazzi", "paragraph_text": "Annamaria Solazzi (born December 10, 1965 in Ancona) is a former female beach volleyball player from Italy, who twice represented her native country at the Summer Olympics: 1996 and 2000. Partnering Laura Bruschini she thrice claimed the gold medal at the European Championships: in 1997, 1999 and 2000.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Vittorio Zucca", "paragraph_text": "He competed at the 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics. Vittorio Zucca has won four time the individual national championship. On the track in the sand of a 100 meters of the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920, he measured Vittorio Zucca, a native of Pula, at that time part of the Kingdom of Italy. Zucca was also in Paris 1924.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Alberto Angelini", "paragraph_text": "Alberto Angelini (born 28 September 1974 in Savona) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996 (Atlanta, Georgia). He was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal in 1996.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Leonardo Sottani", "paragraph_text": "Leonardo Sottani (born 1 November 1973 in Figline Valdarno) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There the attacking forward (1m97) was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Arnoud van der Biesen", "paragraph_text": "Arnoud Eugène van der Biesen (December 28, 1899 Semarang, Dutch East Indies - February 17, 1968, The Hague) was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Roldano Simeoni", "paragraph_text": "Roldano Simeoni (Civitavecchia, December 21, 1948) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Francesco Postiglione", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Roberto Calcaterra", "paragraph_text": "Roberto Calcaterra (born February 2, 1972 in Civitavecchia) is a retired water polo defense player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There he won the bronze medal with the men's national team. Calcaterra also competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Ralph Gomes", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Gomes (born June 13, 1937 in Uitvlugt) is a retired track and field athlete from Guyana. He competed in the middle-distances, and represented his native country at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Paola Paggi", "paragraph_text": "Paola Paggi (born 6 December 1976 in Ivrea, Piedmont) is a volleyball player from Italy, who represented her native country in two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2000. She was a member of the Women's National Team, that won the title at the 2002 FIVB Women's World Championship in Germany. Paggi made her debut for Italy on 22 May 1999 against Cuba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Sweden at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Sweden competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 260 competitors, 247 men and 13 women, took part in 100 events in 18 sports.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Infruset", "paragraph_text": "On October 28, 2012, the first public performance of \"Infruset\" was celebrated as cinema event with broadcasts in cinemas and theaters in Sweden, Germany and Switzerland. The premiere consisted of two parts – a biography of Gustaf Fröding and interviews with band members, and the live performance of the new songs.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ron Laird", "paragraph_text": "Ronald (\"Ron\") Owen Laird (born May 31, 1938 in Louisville, Kentucky) was a race walker from the United States, who competed for the New York Athletic Club. He represented his native country at four Olympiads. His best finish was 19th place in the men's 50 km walk at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. He won the 20 km event at the 1967 Pan American Games, and finished 25th in that event in the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and 20th in the Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics, but was disqualified in the 1964 Summer Olympics event in Tokyo.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 106947, "question": "What is the country Infruset is from?", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 221169, "question": "#1 at the 1920 Summer Olympics >> country", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Leonardo Sottani", "paragraph_text": "Leonardo Sottani (born 1 November 1973 in Figline Valdarno) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There the attacking forward (1m97) was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Antonio Oliviero", "paragraph_text": "Antonio Oliviero (born 18 July 1943 in Sorrento, Naples) is a sailor from Italy. Oliviero represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Oliviero di Amato took 19th place in the Soling with Giuseppe Milone as helmsman and Roberto Mottola di Amato as fellow crew member.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ron Laird", "paragraph_text": "Ronald (\"Ron\") Owen Laird (born May 31, 1938 in Louisville, Kentucky) was a race walker from the United States, who competed for the New York Athletic Club. He represented his native country at four Olympiads. His best finish was 19th place in the men's 50 km walk at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. He won the 20 km event at the 1967 Pan American Games, and finished 25th in that event in the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and 20th in the Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics, but was disqualified in the 1964 Summer Olympics event in Tokyo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Felix von Heijden", "paragraph_text": "Herman Carel Felix Clotilde von Heijden (11 April 1890 in Weerselo – 17 November 1982 in Boxtel) was a football (soccer) player from the Netherlands, who represented his home country at the 1920 Summer Olympics. There he won the bronze medal with the Netherlands national football team. He was also present at the 1912 Summer Olympics although he did not play and therefore received no medal. Later he became mayor of Rosmalen, North Brabant (1923–1955).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Arnoud van der Biesen", "paragraph_text": "Arnoud Eugène van der Biesen (December 28, 1899 Semarang, Dutch East Indies - February 17, 1968, The Hague) was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Alberto Angelini", "paragraph_text": "Alberto Angelini (born 28 September 1974 in Savona) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996 (Atlanta, Georgia). He was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal in 1996.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Paola Cavallino", "paragraph_text": "Paola Cavallino (born 6 June 1977 in Genova) is a butterfly swimmer from Italy, who won the silver medal in the women's 200 metres butterfly event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Tug of war at the Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Paola Paggi", "paragraph_text": "Paola Paggi (born 6 December 1976 in Ivrea, Piedmont) is a volleyball player from Italy, who represented her native country in two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2000. She was a member of the Women's National Team, that won the title at the 2002 FIVB Women's World Championship in Germany. Paggi made her debut for Italy on 22 May 1999 against Cuba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Roberto Calcaterra", "paragraph_text": "Roberto Calcaterra (born February 2, 1972 in Civitavecchia) is a retired water polo defense player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There he won the bronze medal with the men's national team. Calcaterra also competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ralph Gomes", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Gomes (born June 13, 1937 in Uitvlugt) is a retired track and field athlete from Guyana. He competed in the middle-distances, and represented his native country at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Sweden at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Sweden competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 260 competitors, 247 men and 13 women, took part in 100 events in 18 sports.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Don Kulick", "paragraph_text": "Don Kulick (born 5 September 1960), is Professor of Anthropology at Uppsala University in Sweden. Kulick works within the frameworks of both cultural and linguistic anthropology, and has carried out field work in Papua New Guinea, Brazil, Italy and Sweden.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Roldano Simeoni", "paragraph_text": "Roldano Simeoni (Civitavecchia, December 21, 1948) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ahn Byeong-keun", "paragraph_text": "Ahn Byeong-keun (born February 23, 1962) is a retired judoka from South Korea, who represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics. There he claimed the gold medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg) by defeating Italy's Ezio Gamba in the final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Alessandra Cappa", "paragraph_text": "Alessandra Cappa (born May 19, 1981) is a backstroke swimmer from Italy who won the bronze medal in the women's 50 metres backstroke event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Léopold Standaert", "paragraph_text": "Léopold Standaert was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium in the 8 Metre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 101723, "question": "In which country did Don Kulick live?", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 221169, "question": "#1 at the 1920 Summer Olympics >> country", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Prokhladnensky District", "paragraph_text": "Prokhladnensky District (; ; ) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Prokhladny (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,533.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican -- American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Lafayette C. Baker", "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Vatican City", "paragraph_text": "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Treaty of Sugauli", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Sugauli (also spelled Sugowlee, Sagauli and Segqulee), the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified by 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and King of Nepal following the Anglo - Nepalese War of 1814 - 16. The signatory for Nepal was Raj Guru Gajraj Mishra aided by Chandra Sekher Upadhayaya, the signatory for the Company was Lieutenant Colonel Paris Bradshaw. The treaty called for territorial concessions in which some of the territories controlled by Nepal would be given to British India, the establishment of a British representative in Kathmandu, and allowed Britain to recruit Gurkhas for military service. Nepal also lost the right to deploy any American or European employee in its service (earlier several French commanders had been deployed to train the Nepali army).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then turned to that situation, where the Zunghars threatened to re-emerge, and to the southwest, where local Miao chieftains resisted Qing expansion. These campaigns drained the treasury but established the emperor's control of the military and military finance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the Civil War, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William H. Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the domestic issues. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($105 million in 2016), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Bahram Vallis", "paragraph_text": "Bahram Vallis is an ancient river valley in the Lunae Palus quadrangle of Mars at 20.7° north latitude and 57.5° west longitude. It is about 302 km long and was named after the word for 'Mars' in Persian. Bahram Vallis is located midway between Vedra Valles and lower Kasei Valles. It is basically a single trunk valley, with scalloped walls in some places. The presence of streamlined erosional features on its floor shows that fluid was involved with its formation.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the \"Wilsonian Armenia\" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on 30 April by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ``We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Treaty", "paragraph_text": "Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss (\"on the one part\") and the EU and its member states (\"on the other part\"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican - American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Great Turkish War", "paragraph_text": "The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in a western European alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Estonian language", "paragraph_text": "Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 640952, "question": "Bahram Vallis >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 516763, "question": "#3 >> military branch", "answer": "Union Army", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Vittorio Zucca", "paragraph_text": "He competed at the 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics. Vittorio Zucca has won four time the individual national championship. On the track in the sand of a 100 meters of the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920, he measured Vittorio Zucca, a native of Pula, at that time part of the Kingdom of Italy. Zucca was also in Paris 1924.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Sailing at the 1920 Summer Olympics – 12 Metre", "paragraph_text": "The 12-metre class was a sailing event on the Sailing at the 1920 Summer Olympics program in Ostend. Two type of 12 Metre classes were used. Four races were scheduled in each type. In total 18 sailors, on 2 boats, from 1 nation entered in the 12 Metre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ambra Migliori", "paragraph_text": "Ambra Migliori (born 10 March 1984) is an Olympic swimmer from Italy. She swam for Italy at the 2004 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Tug of war at the Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "James McEachern", "paragraph_text": "James Marshall McEachern (June 2, 1881 – April 26, 1969) was an American track and field athlete who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics and in the 1924 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Francesco Postiglione", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Diving at the 1920 Summer Olympics – Women's 3 metre springboard", "paragraph_text": "The women's 3 metre springboard was presented to the Olympic Games for the first time as one of five diving events on the diving at the 1920 Summer Olympics programme. The competition was held on Monday, August 29, 1920.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Josef Sucharda", "paragraph_text": "Josef Sucharda (18 April 1883 – 19 January 1963) was a Czech sports shooter. He competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics and the 1924 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Friends (Swedish band)", "paragraph_text": "Friends was a Swedish \"dansband\" or pop group formed in 1999 and made up of Stefan Brunzell, Tony Haglund, Kristian Hermanson, Nina Inhammar, Kim Kärnfalk and Peter Strandberg. They were put together from auditions on the reality television show Friends på turne (\"Friends on Tour\"), made by Bert Karlsson for TV4. The show was a success and Friends competed on Melodifestivalen 2000, reaching second place. They won Melodifestivalen 2001 with \"Lyssna till ditt hjärta\" and represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2001 with the English version of the song, \"Listen to Your Heartbeat\" wearing sexy, tight, leather fitted clothing. Prior to the Eurovision performance, the Swedish delegation was forced to pay royalties to the team behind \"Liefde is een kaartspel\", an earlier Belgian entry, making the song the first admitted case of plagiarism in Eurovision history.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Bohumil Rameš", "paragraph_text": "Bohumil Rameš (4 March 1895 – 1974) was a Czech cyclist. He competed for Bohemia at the 1912 Summer Olympics and for Czechoslovakia at the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Léopold Standaert", "paragraph_text": "Léopold Standaert was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium in the 8 Metre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "André Regaud", "paragraph_text": "André Regaud (14 February 1868 – 12 January 1945) was a French shooter who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics, the 1912 Summer Olympics and the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games", "paragraph_text": "Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France. The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Pietro Reverberi", "paragraph_text": "Pietro Reverberi (December 28, 1912 in Reggio Emilia, Italy – February 19, 1985 in Reggio Emilia, Italy) was an Italian basketball referee. He called over 3,000 games in Italy, on different levels of competition. He refereed in the 1952 Summer Olympics, 1956 Summer Olympics, and 1960 Summer Olympics, and in several FIBA World Cups, and EuroBaskets. In 2007, he was enshrined into the FIBA Hall of Fame.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Sidney Cross", "paragraph_text": "Sidney Cross (5 January 1891 – 7 October 1964) was a British gymnast who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Sweden at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Sweden competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 260 competitors, 247 men and 13 women, took part in 100 events in 18 sports.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Roberto Calcaterra", "paragraph_text": "Roberto Calcaterra (born February 2, 1972 in Civitavecchia) is a retired water polo defense player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There he won the bronze medal with the men's national team. Calcaterra also competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 429906, "question": "Friends >> location of formation", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 221169, "question": "#1 at the 1920 Summer Olympics >> country", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Commanders of World War II", "paragraph_text": "The Commanders of World War II were for the most part career officers. They were forced to adapt to new technologies and shaped the direction of modern warfare. Some political leaders, particularly those of the principal dictatorships involved in the conflict, Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy) and Emperor Hirohito (Japan), acted as supreme military commanders as well as dictators for their respective countries or empires.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Shadows in a Conflict", "paragraph_text": "Shadows in a Conflict () is a 1993 Spanish drama film directed by Mario Camus. It was entered into the 18th Moscow International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "JCVD (film)", "paragraph_text": "JCVD is a 2008 Belgian crime drama film directed by French Tunisian film director Mabrouk el Mechri, and starring Jean-Claude van Damme as a semi-fictionalized version of himself, a down and out action star whose family and career are crumbling around him as he is caught in the middle of a post office heist in his hometown of Brussels, Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "List of Ghost Whisperer characters", "paragraph_text": "Jim Clancy, played by David Conrad is Melinda's (Jennifer Love Hewitt) husband. He is the only cast member other than Hewitt to appear in every episode.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict", "paragraph_text": "This conflict came from the intercommunal violence in Mandatory Palestine between Israelis and Arabs from 1920 and erupted into full - scale hostilities in the 1947 -- 48 civil war. The conflict continues to the present day on various levels.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Wars of Castro", "paragraph_text": "The Wars of Castro were a series of conflicts during the mid-17th century revolving around the ancient city of Castro (located in present-day Lazio, Italy), which eventually resulted in the city's destruction on 2 September 1649. The conflict was a result of a power struggle between the papacy – represented by members of two deeply entrenched Roman families and their popes, the Barberini and Pope Urban VIII and the Pamphili and Pope Innocent X – and the Farnese dukes of Parma, who controlled Castro and its surrounding territories as the Duchy of Castro.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Italy", "paragraph_text": "In 2016, Italy had about 5.05 million foreign residents, making up 8.3% of the total population. The figures include more than half a million children born in Italy to foreign nationals – second generation immigrants, but exclude foreign nationals who have subsequently acquired Italian citizenship; In 2016, about 201,000 people acquired Italian citizenship (130,000 in 2014). The official figures also exclude illegal immigrants, that were estimated in 2008 to number at least 670,000.Starting from the early 1980s, until then a linguistically and culturally homogeneous society, Italy begun to attract substantial flows of foreign immigrants. After the fall of the Berlin Wall and, more recently, the 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union, large waves of migration originated from the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe (especially Romania, Albania, Ukraine and Poland). An equally important source of immigration is neighbouring North Africa (in particular, Morocco, Egypt and Tunisia), with soaring arrivals as a consequence of the Arab Spring. Furthermore, in recent years, growing migration fluxes from Asia-Pacific (notably China and the Philippines) and Latin America have been recorded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "János Hajnal", "paragraph_text": "In Italy his artistic career was mainly based on glass walls and mosaics. He was granted Italian citizenship in 1958 due to his artistic merits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Full Love", "paragraph_text": "Full Love (formerly known as Soldiers and The Eagle Path) is an upcoming action drama written, produced, edited, and directed by Jean-Claude Van Damme, who also stars in the film as the main character Frenchy. The film also features two of his children, Kristopher Van Varenberg and Bianca Bree. The first edit of the film was screened at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival under the former title \"The Eagle Path\". A theatrical release in 2019 was promoted at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ex on the Beach (British TV series)", "paragraph_text": "The seventh series of the show began on 20 June 2017. This series was filmed on location on the island of Bali in Indonesia. The series was confirmed on 26 February 2017. The cast members for the series were confirmed on 23 May 2017 which include Geordie Shore stars Chloe Ferry and Marty McKenna, Love Island contestants Max Morley and Josh Ritchie, as well as Beauty School Cop Outs cast member Savannah Kemplay. Marty and Josh had previously appeared in the third and sixth series of the show respectively.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Saint Helena", "paragraph_text": "The citizens of Saint Helena hold British Overseas Territories citizenship. On 21 May 2002, full British citizenship was restored by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002. See also British nationality law.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo", "paragraph_text": "With the defeat of its army and the fall of its capital, Mexico entered into negotiations to end the war. The treaty called for the U.S. to pay US $15 million to Mexico and to pay off the claims of American citizens against Mexico up to US $5 million. It gave the United States the Rio Grande as a boundary for Texas, and gave the U.S. ownership of California and a large area comprising roughly half of New Mexico, most of Arizona, Nevada, and Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado. Mexicans in those annexed areas had the choice of relocating to within Mexico's new boundaries or receiving American citizenship with full civil rights.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "In 2002 Switzerland became a full member of the United Nations, leaving the Vatican City as the last widely recognised state without full UN membership. Switzerland is a founding member of the EFTA, but is not a member of the European Economic Area. An application for membership in the European Union was sent in May 1992, but not advanced since the EEA was rejected in December 1992 when Switzerland was the only country to launch a referendum on the EEA. There have since been several referenda on the EU issue; due to a mixed reaction from the population the membership application has been frozen. Nonetheless, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to conform with that of the EU, and the government has signed a number of bilateral agreements with the European Union. Switzerland, together with Liechtenstein, has been completely surrounded by the EU since Austria's entry in 1995. On 5 June 2005, Swiss voters agreed by a 55% majority to join the Schengen treaty, a result that was regarded by EU commentators as a sign of support by Switzerland, a country that is traditionally perceived as independent and reluctant to enter supranational bodies.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Mary Ann Love", "paragraph_text": "Mary Ann Love (born February 21, 1940) is an American politician from Maryland and a member of the Democratic Party. She served 4 full terms in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Maryland's District 32. Love was originally appointed to the seat in 1993, but has since been elected in her own right. She most recently served on the Economic Matters Committee. Love declined to run for reelection in 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Riccardo Realfonzo", "paragraph_text": "He is full professor at the University of Sannio (Italy) where in the late 2000s directed the economic department. Realfonzo was a member of the scientific committee of \"Industria 2015\" (2006–2007). After that he was two times the councilman for economic affairs of the city of Naples.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Roman expansion in Italy", "paragraph_text": "The Roman expansion in Italy covers a series of conflicts in which the city - state of Rome grew from being the dominant state in Latium to become the ruler of all of Italy. The first major Roman conquest in historical times came with the final defeat of her neighbour Veii in 396 BC. In the second half of the 4th century BC Rome clashed repeatedly with the Samnites, a powerful tribal coalition. By the end of these wars Rome had become the most powerful state in Italy. The last threat to Roman hegemony came when Tarentum enlisted the aid of Pyrrhus of Epirus during the Pyrrhic War (282 -- 273 BC). By 218 BC Roman conquest of Italy had been completed. Conquered territories were incorporated into the growing Roman state in a number of ways: land confiscations, establishment of coloniae, granting of full or partial Roman citizenship and military alliances with nominally independent states. The successful conquest of Italy gave Rome access to a manpower pool unrivalled by any contemporary state and paved the way to the eventual Roman domination of the entire Mediterranean world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Pareh", "paragraph_text": "Pareh (Sundanese for \"rice\"), released internationally as Pareh, Song of the Rice, is a 1936 film from the Dutch East Indies (modern day Indonesia). Directed by the Dutchmen Albert Balink and Mannus Franken, it featured an amateur native cast and starred Raden Mochtar and Soekarsih. The story follows the forbidden love between a fisherman and a farmer's daughter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ken Marino", "paragraph_text": "Kenneth Joseph ``Ken ''Marino (born December 19, 1968) is an American actor, comedian, director, and screenwriter. He was a cast member on MTV's The State and has starred in shows such as Party Down, Marry Me, Burning Love, Brooklyn Nine - Nine and Childrens Hospital.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 272498, "question": "Full Love >> cast member", "answer": "Jean-Claude Van Damme", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 570923, "question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Teesdale", "paragraph_text": "Teesdale is a dale, or valley, of the east side of the Pennines in County Durham, England. Large parts of Teesdale fall within the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) - the second largest AONB in England and Wales. The River Tees rises below Cross Fell, the highest hill in the Pennines at , and its uppermost valley is remote and high. The local climate was scientifically classified as \"Sub-Arctic\" and snow has sometimes lain on Cross Fell into June (there is an alpine ski area Yad Moss).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Congress of Berlin", "paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican -- American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on 30 April by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ``We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the \"Wilsonian Armenia\" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Prokhladnensky District", "paragraph_text": "Prokhladnensky District (; ; ) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Prokhladny (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,533.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Treaty", "paragraph_text": "Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss (\"on the one part\") and the EU and its member states (\"on the other part\"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with \"all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession\". Russia ceded some land in Bessarabia at the mouth of the Danube to Moldavia. By article IV The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia \"the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn, as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops\". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent. The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.:432–33", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican - American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Treaty of Sugauli", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Sugauli (also spelled Sugowlee, Sagauli and Segqulee), the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified by 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and King of Nepal following the Anglo - Nepalese War of 1814 - 16. The signatory for Nepal was Raj Guru Gajraj Mishra aided by Chandra Sekher Upadhayaya, the signatory for the Company was Lieutenant Colonel Paris Bradshaw. The treaty called for territorial concessions in which some of the territories controlled by Nepal would be given to British India, the establishment of a British representative in Kathmandu, and allowed Britain to recruit Gurkhas for military service. Nepal also lost the right to deploy any American or European employee in its service (earlier several French commanders had been deployed to train the Nepali army).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Great Turkish War", "paragraph_text": "The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in a western European alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then turned to that situation, where the Zunghars threatened to re-emerge, and to the southwest, where local Miao chieftains resisted Qing expansion. These campaigns drained the treasury but established the emperor's control of the military and military finance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Lafayette C. Baker", "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the Civil War, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William H. Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the domestic issues. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($105 million in 2016), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Estonian language", "paragraph_text": "Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 325072, "question": "Teesdale >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 516763, "question": "#3 >> military branch", "answer": "Union Army", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Woman I Am (Kellie Pickler album)", "paragraph_text": "The Woman I Am is the fourth studio album by American country music artist Kellie Pickler. It was released on November 11, 2013 via Black River Entertainment. The album includes the singles \"Someone Somewhere Tonight,\" \"Little Bit Gypsy,\" and \"Closer to Nowhere.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Lion King (musical)", "paragraph_text": "The show opened in the West End's Lyceum Theatre on October 19, 1999, and is still running. The cast of the West End production were invited to perform at the Royal Variety Performance in 1999 and 2008, in the presence of senior members of the British Royal Family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "JCVD (film)", "paragraph_text": "JCVD is a 2008 Belgian crime drama film directed by French Tunisian film director Mabrouk el Mechri, and starring Jean-Claude van Damme as a semi-fictionalized version of himself, a down and out action star whose family and career are crumbling around him as he is caught in the middle of a post office heist in his hometown of Brussels, Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird", "paragraph_text": "The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel. It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville, a town that labels itself \"The Literary Capital of Alabama\". The play runs every May on the county courthouse grounds and townspeople make up the cast. White male audience members are chosen at the intermission to make up the jury. During the courtroom scene the production moves into the Monroe County Courthouse and the audience is racially segregated. Author Albert Murray said of the relationship of the town to the novel (and the annual performance): \"It becomes part of the town ritual, like the religious underpinning of Mardi Gras. With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse, it's part of a central, civic education—what Monroeville aspires to be.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Commanders of World War II", "paragraph_text": "The Commanders of World War II were for the most part career officers. They were forced to adapt to new technologies and shaped the direction of modern warfare. Some political leaders, particularly those of the principal dictatorships involved in the conflict, Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy) and Emperor Hirohito (Japan), acted as supreme military commanders as well as dictators for their respective countries or empires.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Nowhere to Run, Nowhere to Hide", "paragraph_text": "\"Nowhere to Run, Nowhere to Hide\" is the second single released from the Gravediggaz' debut album, \"6 Feet Deep\". Produced by the group's producer, Prince Paul (The Undertaker), \"Nowhere to Run, Nowhere to Hide\" was a minor hit on the Rap charts, where it peaked at 32. The song interpolates Martha and the Vandellas \"Nowhere to Run\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "In the Middle of Nowhere", "paragraph_text": "The album \"In the Middle of Nowhere\" released through Hansa Records and distributed by Ariola, BMG entered the No. 1 position in Germany on 1 December 1986. After spending total of seven weeks within the top-10 in the German album chart, it eventually reached a gold status selling well over 250,000 units in Germany alone.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Sophia (robot)", "paragraph_text": "On October 11, 2017, Sophia was introduced to the United Nations with a brief conversation with the United Nations Deputy Secretary - General, Amina J. Mohammed. On October 25, at the Future Investment Summit in Riyadh, the robot was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship, becoming the first robot ever to have a nationality. This attracted controversy as some commentators wondered if this implied that Sophia could vote or marry, or whether a deliberate system shutdown could be considered murder. Social media users used Sophia's citizenship to criticize Saudi Arabia's human rights record. As explained by Ali Al - Ahmed, director of the Institute for Gulf Affairs, ``Women (in Saudi Arabia) have since committed suicide because they could n't leave the house, and Sophia is running around (without a male guardian). Saudi law does n't allow non-Muslims to get citizenship. Did Sophia convert to Islam? What is the religion of this Sophia and why is n't she wearing hijab? If she applied for citizenship as a human she would n't get it. ''In December 2017, Sophia's creator David Hanson said in an interview that Sophia will use her citizenship to advocate for women's rights in her now country of citizenship; Newsweek criticized that`` What (Hanson) means, exactly, is unclear ''..", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Nowhere to Run (1993 film)", "paragraph_text": "Nowhere to Run is a 1993 American action film starring Jean-Claude Van Damme and directed by Robert Harmon. The film co-stars Rosanna Arquette, Kieran Culkin, Ted Levine and Joss Ackland. The film was released in the United States on January 15, 1993.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "List of The Young and the Restless cast members", "paragraph_text": "The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera, created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It first aired on March 26, 1973. The longest - running current cast member is Doug Davidson, who has portrayed private investigator Paul Williams since May 23, 1978. Jeanne Cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch Katherine Chancellor, holds the record for the series' longest - running cast member, airing from November 1973 until her death in May 2013. Melody Thomas Scott and Eric Braeden, who portray Nikki and Victor Newman, are the second and third longest - running cast members, having joined in February 1979 and February 1980, respectively. Kate Linder has portrayed Esther Valentine since April 1982, and rounds out the series' top four longest - running cast members. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: both main and recurring members, as well as those who are debuting, departing or returning from the series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "János Hajnal", "paragraph_text": "In Italy his artistic career was mainly based on glass walls and mosaics. He was granted Italian citizenship in 1958 due to his artistic merits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Shadows in a Conflict", "paragraph_text": "Shadows in a Conflict () is a 1993 Spanish drama film directed by Mario Camus. It was entered into the 18th Moscow International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Bad Things (Jace Everett song)", "paragraph_text": "``Bad Things ''Single by Jace Everett from the album Jace Everett Released 2005 Format Digital download Genre Country Length 2: 44 Label Epic Nashville Songwriter (s) Jace Everett Producer (s) Mark Wright Greg Droman Jace Everett singles chronology`` That's the Kind of Love I'm In'' (2005) ``Bad Things ''(2005)`` Nowhere in the Neighborhood'' (2006) ``That's the Kind of Love I'm In ''(2005)`` Bad Things'' (2005) ``Nowhere in the Neighborhood ''(2006)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Roman expansion in Italy", "paragraph_text": "The Roman expansion in Italy covers a series of conflicts in which the city - state of Rome grew from being the dominant state in Latium to become the ruler of all of Italy. The first major Roman conquest in historical times came with the final defeat of her neighbour Veii in 396 BC. In the second half of the 4th century BC Rome clashed repeatedly with the Samnites, a powerful tribal coalition. By the end of these wars Rome had become the most powerful state in Italy. The last threat to Roman hegemony came when Tarentum enlisted the aid of Pyrrhus of Epirus during the Pyrrhic War (282 -- 273 BC). By 218 BC Roman conquest of Italy had been completed. Conquered territories were incorporated into the growing Roman state in a number of ways: land confiscations, establishment of coloniae, granting of full or partial Roman citizenship and military alliances with nominally independent states. The successful conquest of Italy gave Rome access to a manpower pool unrivalled by any contemporary state and paved the way to the eventual Roman domination of the entire Mediterranean world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Ottoman Tripolitania", "paragraph_text": "As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. These provinces together formed what became known as Libya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Italy", "paragraph_text": "In 2016, Italy had about 5.05 million foreign residents, making up 8.3% of the total population. The figures include more than half a million children born in Italy to foreign nationals – second generation immigrants, but exclude foreign nationals who have subsequently acquired Italian citizenship; In 2016, about 201,000 people acquired Italian citizenship (130,000 in 2014). The official figures also exclude illegal immigrants, that were estimated in 2008 to number at least 670,000.Starting from the early 1980s, until then a linguistically and culturally homogeneous society, Italy begun to attract substantial flows of foreign immigrants. After the fall of the Berlin Wall and, more recently, the 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union, large waves of migration originated from the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe (especially Romania, Albania, Ukraine and Poland). An equally important source of immigration is neighbouring North Africa (in particular, Morocco, Egypt and Tunisia), with soaring arrivals as a consequence of the Arab Spring. Furthermore, in recent years, growing migration fluxes from Asia-Pacific (notably China and the Philippines) and Latin America have been recorded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Big Nowhere", "paragraph_text": "The Big Nowhere is a 1988 crime fiction novel by James Ellroy, the second of the L.A. Quartet, a series of novels set in 1940s and 1950s Los Angeles. James Ellroy dedicated \"The Big Nowhere\" \"To Glenda Revelle\". The epigraph for \"The Big Nowhere\" is a passage from a novel; \"It was written that I should be loyal to the nightmare of my choice. Joseph Conrad \"Heart of Darkness\"\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Casting Society of America", "paragraph_text": "The Casting Society of America (CSA), founded in Los Angeles, California, in 1982, is a professional society of about 700 casting directors for film, television and theatre in Australia, Canada, India, France, Germany, Ireland, Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States. The society is not to be confused with an industry union. The Teamsters represent some (though not all) casting directors in Hollywood. Members use the post-nominal letters ``CSA ''.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 782818, "question": "Nowhere to Run >> cast member", "answer": "Jean-Claude Van Damme", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 570923, "question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Point No Point", "paragraph_text": "Point No Point is an outcropping of land on the northeast point of the Kitsap Peninsula in Washington, the United States. It was the location of the signing of the Point No Point Treaty and is the site of the Point No Point Light. It was named by Charles Wilkes during the United States Exploring Expedition of Puget Sound in 1841.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on 30 April by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ``We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Congress of Berlin", "paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Nicoll Halsey House and Halseyville Archeological Sites", "paragraph_text": "Nicoll Halsey House and Halseyville Archeological Sites is a national historic district and archaeological site located at Halseyville in Tompkins County, New York.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "National Parks of Canada", "paragraph_text": "National Parks of Canada are protected natural spaces throughout the country that represent distinct geographical regions of the nation. Under the administration of Parks Canada, a government branch, National Parks allow for public enjoyment without compromising the area for future generations, including the management of wildlife and habitat within the ecosystems of the park. Within Parks Canada's administration is a wide range of protected areas, encompassing National Historic Sites, National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCA), and National Park Reserves.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Teesdale", "paragraph_text": "Teesdale is a dale, or valley, of the east side of the Pennines in County Durham, England. Large parts of Teesdale fall within the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) - the second largest AONB in England and Wales. The River Tees rises below Cross Fell, the highest hill in the Pennines at , and its uppermost valley is remote and high. The local climate was scientifically classified as \"Sub-Arctic\" and snow has sometimes lain on Cross Fell into June (there is an alpine ski area Yad Moss).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Burwell School", "paragraph_text": "The Burwell School is an American historic site and former school, located in Hillsborough, North Carolina. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and located in the Hillsborough Historic District.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the Civil War, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William H. Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the domestic issues. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($105 million in 2016), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Yaroslavl", "paragraph_text": "Yaroslavl () is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city, a World Heritage Site, is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl Rivers. It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow that have played an important role in Russian history. In 2010, the city had a population of 591,486.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican - American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Andrew Johnson National Historic Site", "paragraph_text": "The cemetery also includes the interments of Johnson's wife, Eliza McCardle Johnson, and son Brigadier General Robert Johnson Henderson. David T. Patterson, a United States Senator from Tennessee, and his son Andrew J. Patterson, who was instrumental in securing historic designation for the Greeneville properties associated with Andrew Johnson, were among others buried in the cemetery. The site was authorized by Congress as a U.S. National Monument in 1935, established on April 27, 1942, and redesignated a National Historic Site on December 11, 1963.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Smoking age", "paragraph_text": "The smoking age is the minimum legal age required to purchase or smoke tobacco products. In almost all countries citizens are eligible to buy tobacco products when they turn 18. Most countries have laws that restrict those below a minimum age from legally purchasing tobacco products.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Choysky District", "paragraph_text": "Choysky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Choya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 8,348, with the population of Choya accounting for 23.0% of that number.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Prokhladnensky District", "paragraph_text": "Prokhladnensky District (; ; ) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Prokhladny (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,533.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 325072, "question": "Teesdale >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 818397, "question": "#3 National Historic Site >> country", "answer": "U.S.", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[ "USA", "America", "the States", "U.S", "the United States", "the U.S.", "United States", "US" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Shadows in a Conflict", "paragraph_text": "Shadows in a Conflict () is a 1993 Spanish drama film directed by Mario Camus. It was entered into the 18th Moscow International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Michele Bianchi", "paragraph_text": "Michele Bianchi's attitude during World War I mirrored that of Benito Mussolini: he became an active supporter of Italy's entry into the conflict, and advocate of irredentism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Ministries of Nineteen Eighty-Four", "paragraph_text": "Orwell named Room 101 after a conference room at Broadcasting House where he used to sit through tedious meetings. When the original room 101 at the BBC was due to be demolished, a plaster cast of it was made by artist Rachel Whiteread and displayed in the cast courts of the Victoria and Albert Museum from November 2003 until June 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Nigerian naira", "paragraph_text": "The naira was introduced on 1 January 1973, replacing the pound at a rate of 2 naira = 1 pound. This made Nigeria the last country to abandon the £sd currency system. There was a plan to redenominate the naira at 1 new naira = 100 old naira in 2008, but the plan was suspended. The currency sign is U + 20A6 ₦Naira sign.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Roman expansion in Italy", "paragraph_text": "The Roman expansion in Italy covers a series of conflicts in which the city - state of Rome grew from being the dominant state in Latium to become the ruler of all of Italy. The first major Roman conquest in historical times came with the final defeat of her neighbour Veii in 396 BC. In the second half of the 4th century BC Rome clashed repeatedly with the Samnites, a powerful tribal coalition. By the end of these wars Rome had become the most powerful state in Italy. The last threat to Roman hegemony came when Tarentum enlisted the aid of Pyrrhus of Epirus during the Pyrrhic War (282 -- 273 BC). By 218 BC Roman conquest of Italy had been completed. Conquered territories were incorporated into the growing Roman state in a number of ways: land confiscations, establishment of coloniae, granting of full or partial Roman citizenship and military alliances with nominally independent states. The successful conquest of Italy gave Rome access to a manpower pool unrivalled by any contemporary state and paved the way to the eventual Roman domination of the entire Mediterranean world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Italy", "paragraph_text": "In 2016, Italy had about 5.05 million foreign residents, making up 8.3% of the total population. The figures include more than half a million children born in Italy to foreign nationals – second generation immigrants, but exclude foreign nationals who have subsequently acquired Italian citizenship; In 2016, about 201,000 people acquired Italian citizenship (130,000 in 2014). The official figures also exclude illegal immigrants, that were estimated in 2008 to number at least 670,000.Starting from the early 1980s, until then a linguistically and culturally homogeneous society, Italy begun to attract substantial flows of foreign immigrants. After the fall of the Berlin Wall and, more recently, the 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union, large waves of migration originated from the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe (especially Romania, Albania, Ukraine and Poland). An equally important source of immigration is neighbouring North Africa (in particular, Morocco, Egypt and Tunisia), with soaring arrivals as a consequence of the Arab Spring. Furthermore, in recent years, growing migration fluxes from Asia-Pacific (notably China and the Philippines) and Latin America have been recorded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Human Flesh", "paragraph_text": "\"Human Flesh\" is the first episode of the animated television series \"Bob's Burgers\". \"Human Flesh\" originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 9, 2011.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "János Hajnal", "paragraph_text": "In Italy his artistic career was mainly based on glass walls and mosaics. He was granted Italian citizenship in 1958 due to his artistic merits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "War (Bone Thugs-n-Harmony song)", "paragraph_text": "\"War\" is a single by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, released in 1998. It was featured on \"Small Soldiers\" and on the 1998 collection album \"The Collection Volume One\". The song is performed by members Layzie, Flesh, and Wish, and also features Henry Rollins, Tom Morello and Flea.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Casting Society of America", "paragraph_text": "The Casting Society of America (CSA), founded in Los Angeles, California, in 1982, is a professional society of about 700 casting directors for film, television and theatre in Australia, Canada, India, France, Germany, Ireland, Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States. The society is not to be confused with an industry union. The Teamsters represent some (though not all) casting directors in Hollywood. Members use the post-nominal letters ``CSA ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ottoman Tripolitania", "paragraph_text": "As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. These provinces together formed what became known as Libya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "1951–52 Indian general election", "paragraph_text": "First Law Minister B.R. Ambedkar was defeated in the Bombay (North Central) (reserved seat) constituency as Scheduled Castes Federation candidate by his little - known former assistant and Congress Candidate Narayan Sadoba Kajrolkar, who polled 1, 38,137 votes compared to Ambedkar's 1, 23,576 votes. Dr Ambedkar then entered the parliament as a Rajya Sabha member. He contested by - poll from Bhandara in 1954 to try to enter Lok Sabha but again lost to Mr Borkar of Congress.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "paragraph_text": "Schwarzenegger became a naturalized U.S. citizen on September 17, 1983. Shortly before he gained his citizenship, he asked the Austrian authorities for the right to keep his Austrian citizenship, as Austria does not usually allow dual citizenship. His request was granted, and he retained his Austrian citizenship. In 2005, Peter Pilz, a member of the Austrian Parliament from the Austrian Green Party, demanded that Parliament revoke Schwarzenegger's Austrian citizenship due to his decision not to prevent the executions of Donald Beardslee and Stanley Williams, causing damage of reputation to Austria, where the death penalty has been abolished since 1968. This demand was based on Article 33 of the Austrian Citizenship Act that states: \"A citizen, who is in the public service of a foreign country, shall be deprived of his citizenship, if he heavily damages the reputation or the interests of the Austrian Republic.\" Pilz claimed that Schwarzenegger's actions in support of the death penalty (prohibited in Austria under Protocol 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights) had indeed done damage to Austria's reputation. Schwarzenegger explained his actions by referring to the fact that his only duty as Governor of California was to prevent an error in the judicial system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Immaculate Conception", "paragraph_text": "Martin Luther, who initiated the Protestant Reformation, said: \"Mother Mary, like us, was born in sin of sinful parents, but the Holy Spirit covered her, sanctified and purified her so that this child was born of flesh and blood, but not with sinful flesh and blood. The Holy Spirit permitted the Virgin Mary to remain a true, natural human being of flesh and blood, just as we. However, he warded off sin from her flesh and blood so that she became the mother of a pure child, not poisoned by sin as we are. For in that moment when she conceived, she was a holy mother filled with the Holy Spirit and her fruit is a holy pure fruit, at once God and truly man, in one person.\" Some Lutherans, such as the members of the Anglo-Lutheran Catholic Church, support the doctrine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Commanders of World War II", "paragraph_text": "The Commanders of World War II were for the most part career officers. They were forced to adapt to new technologies and shaped the direction of modern warfare. Some political leaders, particularly those of the principal dictatorships involved in the conflict, Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy) and Emperor Hirohito (Japan), acted as supreme military commanders as well as dictators for their respective countries or empires.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "JCVD (film)", "paragraph_text": "JCVD is a 2008 Belgian crime drama film directed by French Tunisian film director Mabrouk el Mechri, and starring Jean-Claude van Damme as a semi-fictionalized version of himself, a down and out action star whose family and career are crumbling around him as he is caught in the middle of a post office heist in his hometown of Brussels, Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Telman Ismailov", "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Pound of Flesh (2015 film)", "paragraph_text": "Pound of Flesh is a 2015 Canadian action thriller film directed by Ernie Barbarash, and starring Jean-Claude Van Damme and Darren Shahlavi. It is the third collaboration between Van Damme and Barbarash (following \"Assassination Games\" in 2011 and \"Six Bullets\" in 2012).", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 337568, "question": "Pound of Flesh >> cast member", "answer": "Jean-Claude Van Damme", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 570923, "question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Antonio Oliviero", "paragraph_text": "Antonio Oliviero (born 18 July 1943 in Sorrento, Naples) is a sailor from Italy. Oliviero represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Oliviero di Amato took 19th place in the Soling with Giuseppe Milone as helmsman and Roberto Mottola di Amato as fellow crew member.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Arnoud van der Biesen", "paragraph_text": "Arnoud Eugène van der Biesen (December 28, 1899 Semarang, Dutch East Indies - February 17, 1968, The Hague) was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Trehörningen (Sjödalen)", "paragraph_text": "Trehörningen (Swedish: \"The Triangle\") is a small lake located in the municipality Huddinge in southern Stockholm, Sweden. As part of the Tyresån Lake System, Trehörningen receives water from Lake Gömmaren and supplies water to Lake Ågesta.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Ralph Gomes", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Gomes (born June 13, 1937 in Uitvlugt) is a retired track and field athlete from Guyana. He competed in the middle-distances, and represented his native country at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Sweden at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Sweden competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 260 competitors, 247 men and 13 women, took part in 100 events in 18 sports.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Tug of war at the Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "1980 Summer Olympics boycott", "paragraph_text": "The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott was one part of a number of actions initiated by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics, and other countries would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Alberto Angelini", "paragraph_text": "Alberto Angelini (born 28 September 1974 in Savona) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996 (Atlanta, Georgia). He was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal in 1996.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Roberto Calcaterra", "paragraph_text": "Roberto Calcaterra (born February 2, 1972 in Civitavecchia) is a retired water polo defense player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There he won the bronze medal with the men's national team. Calcaterra also competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Felix von Heijden", "paragraph_text": "Herman Carel Felix Clotilde von Heijden (11 April 1890 in Weerselo – 17 November 1982 in Boxtel) was a football (soccer) player from the Netherlands, who represented his home country at the 1920 Summer Olympics. There he won the bronze medal with the Netherlands national football team. He was also present at the 1912 Summer Olympics although he did not play and therefore received no medal. Later he became mayor of Rosmalen, North Brabant (1923–1955).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Paola Paggi", "paragraph_text": "Paola Paggi (born 6 December 1976 in Ivrea, Piedmont) is a volleyball player from Italy, who represented her native country in two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2000. She was a member of the Women's National Team, that won the title at the 2002 FIVB Women's World Championship in Germany. Paggi made her debut for Italy on 22 May 1999 against Cuba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Paola Cavallino", "paragraph_text": "Paola Cavallino (born 6 June 1977 in Genova) is a butterfly swimmer from Italy, who won the silver medal in the women's 200 metres butterfly event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ron Laird", "paragraph_text": "Ronald (\"Ron\") Owen Laird (born May 31, 1938 in Louisville, Kentucky) was a race walker from the United States, who competed for the New York Athletic Club. He represented his native country at four Olympiads. His best finish was 19th place in the men's 50 km walk at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. He won the 20 km event at the 1967 Pan American Games, and finished 25th in that event in the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and 20th in the Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics, but was disqualified in the 1964 Summer Olympics event in Tokyo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Francesco Postiglione", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Vittorio Zucca", "paragraph_text": "He competed at the 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics. Vittorio Zucca has won four time the individual national championship. On the track in the sand of a 100 meters of the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920, he measured Vittorio Zucca, a native of Pula, at that time part of the Kingdom of Italy. Zucca was also in Paris 1924.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Roldano Simeoni", "paragraph_text": "Roldano Simeoni (Civitavecchia, December 21, 1948) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Ahn Byeong-keun", "paragraph_text": "Ahn Byeong-keun (born February 23, 1962) is a retired judoka from South Korea, who represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics. There he claimed the gold medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg) by defeating Italy's Ezio Gamba in the final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 370240, "question": "Trehörningen >> country", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 221169, "question": "#1 at the 1920 Summer Olympics >> country", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Choysky District", "paragraph_text": "Choysky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Choya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 8,348, with the population of Choya accounting for 23.0% of that number.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then turned to that situation, where the Zunghars threatened to re-emerge, and to the southwest, where local Miao chieftains resisted Qing expansion. These campaigns drained the treasury but established the emperor's control of the military and military finance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican - American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Great Turkish War", "paragraph_text": "The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in a western European alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the Civil War, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William H. Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the domestic issues. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($105 million in 2016), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Prokhladnensky District", "paragraph_text": "Prokhladnensky District (; ; ) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Prokhladny (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,533.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Vatican City", "paragraph_text": "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Estonian language", "paragraph_text": "Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Congress of Berlin", "paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Treaty of Sugauli", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Sugauli (also spelled Sugowlee, Sagauli and Segqulee), the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified by 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and King of Nepal following the Anglo - Nepalese War of 1814 - 16. The signatory for Nepal was Raj Guru Gajraj Mishra aided by Chandra Sekher Upadhayaya, the signatory for the Company was Lieutenant Colonel Paris Bradshaw. The treaty called for territorial concessions in which some of the territories controlled by Nepal would be given to British India, the establishment of a British representative in Kathmandu, and allowed Britain to recruit Gurkhas for military service. Nepal also lost the right to deploy any American or European employee in its service (earlier several French commanders had been deployed to train the Nepali army).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on 30 April by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ``We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Lafayette C. Baker", "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Minio Vallis", "paragraph_text": "Minio Vallis is an old river valley in the Memnonia quadrangle of Mars, located at 4.3° south latitude and 151.8° west longitude. It is 88 km long and was named after a classical name for river in Italy.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 358910, "question": "Minio Vallis >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 516763, "question": "#3 >> military branch", "answer": "Union Army", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Choysky District", "paragraph_text": "Choysky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Choya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 8,348, with the population of Choya accounting for 23.0% of that number.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Lafayette C. Baker", "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Congress of Berlin", "paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Prokhladnensky District", "paragraph_text": "Prokhladnensky District (; ; ) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Prokhladny (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,533.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with \"all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession\". Russia ceded some land in Bessarabia at the mouth of the Danube to Moldavia. By article IV The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia \"the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn, as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops\". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent. The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.:432–33", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on 30 April by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ``We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Sabi Sabi", "paragraph_text": "Sabi Sabi is a private game reserve in South Africa, situated in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve which flanks the south western section of the Kruger National Park. The Sabi Sand Reserve is one of the parks that make up the Greater Kruger National Park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican -- American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the \"Wilsonian Armenia\" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then turned to that situation, where the Zunghars threatened to re-emerge, and to the southwest, where local Miao chieftains resisted Qing expansion. These campaigns drained the treasury but established the emperor's control of the military and military finance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Vatican City", "paragraph_text": "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Treaty", "paragraph_text": "Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss (\"on the one part\") and the EU and its member states (\"on the other part\"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Sabis Vallis", "paragraph_text": "Sabis Vallis is an ancient river valley in the Memnonia quadrangle of Mars, located at 5.3° south latitude and 152.5° west longitude. It is 206 km long and was named after a classical name for the present Sambre River in France and Belgium.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 736869, "question": "Sabis Vallis >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 516763, "question": "#3 >> military branch", "answer": "Union Army", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Ekoln", "paragraph_text": "Ekoln constitutes the northernmost gulf of Lake Mälaren, Sweden. On its northern shore are the southern suburbs of Uppsala and the mouth of River Fyris.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Alessandra Cappa", "paragraph_text": "Alessandra Cappa (born May 19, 1981) is a backstroke swimmer from Italy who won the bronze medal in the women's 50 metres backstroke event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ralph Gomes", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Gomes (born June 13, 1937 in Uitvlugt) is a retired track and field athlete from Guyana. He competed in the middle-distances, and represented his native country at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Ron Laird", "paragraph_text": "Ronald (\"Ron\") Owen Laird (born May 31, 1938 in Louisville, Kentucky) was a race walker from the United States, who competed for the New York Athletic Club. He represented his native country at four Olympiads. His best finish was 19th place in the men's 50 km walk at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. He won the 20 km event at the 1967 Pan American Games, and finished 25th in that event in the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and 20th in the Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics, but was disqualified in the 1964 Summer Olympics event in Tokyo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Paola Cavallino", "paragraph_text": "Paola Cavallino (born 6 June 1977 in Genova) is a butterfly swimmer from Italy, who won the silver medal in the women's 200 metres butterfly event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Vittorio Zucca", "paragraph_text": "He competed at the 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics. Vittorio Zucca has won four time the individual national championship. On the track in the sand of a 100 meters of the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920, he measured Vittorio Zucca, a native of Pula, at that time part of the Kingdom of Italy. Zucca was also in Paris 1924.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Tug of war at the Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Alberto Angelini", "paragraph_text": "Alberto Angelini (born 28 September 1974 in Savona) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996 (Atlanta, Georgia). He was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal in 1996.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Paola Paggi", "paragraph_text": "Paola Paggi (born 6 December 1976 in Ivrea, Piedmont) is a volleyball player from Italy, who represented her native country in two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2000. She was a member of the Women's National Team, that won the title at the 2002 FIVB Women's World Championship in Germany. Paggi made her debut for Italy on 22 May 1999 against Cuba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Arnoud van der Biesen", "paragraph_text": "Arnoud Eugène van der Biesen (December 28, 1899 Semarang, Dutch East Indies - February 17, 1968, The Hague) was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Khmer Republic at the 1972 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Cambodia competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. The nation returned to the Olympic Games as the Khmer Republic (1970–1975) after missing the 1968 Summer Olympics. Owing to the troubled situation of the country Cambodia would not compete again until the 1996 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Francesco Postiglione", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Léopold Standaert", "paragraph_text": "Léopold Standaert was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium in the 8 Metre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Sweden at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Sweden competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 260 competitors, 247 men and 13 women, took part in 100 events in 18 sports.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "1980 Summer Olympics boycott", "paragraph_text": "The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott was one part of a number of actions initiated by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics, and other countries would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Ahn Byeong-keun", "paragraph_text": "Ahn Byeong-keun (born February 23, 1962) is a retired judoka from South Korea, who represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics. There he claimed the gold medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg) by defeating Italy's Ezio Gamba in the final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Leonardo Sottani", "paragraph_text": "Leonardo Sottani (born 1 November 1973 in Figline Valdarno) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There the attacking forward (1m97) was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 216925, "question": "Ekoln >> country", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 221169, "question": "#1 at the 1920 Summer Olympics >> country", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the Civil War, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William H. Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the domestic issues. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($105 million in 2016), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Puʻukoholā Heiau National Historic Site", "paragraph_text": "Puukoholā Heiau National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Site located on the northwestern coast of the island of Hawaii. The site preserves the National Historic Landmark ruins of the last major Ancient Hawaiian temple, and other historic sites.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Prokhladnensky District", "paragraph_text": "Prokhladnensky District (; ; ) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Prokhladny (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,533.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Point No Point", "paragraph_text": "Point No Point is an outcropping of land on the northeast point of the Kitsap Peninsula in Washington, the United States. It was the location of the signing of the Point No Point Treaty and is the site of the Point No Point Light. It was named by Charles Wilkes during the United States Exploring Expedition of Puget Sound in 1841.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Smoking age", "paragraph_text": "The smoking age is the minimum legal age required to purchase or smoke tobacco products. In almost all countries citizens are eligible to buy tobacco products when they turn 18. Most countries have laws that restrict those below a minimum age from legally purchasing tobacco products.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Andrew Johnson National Historic Site", "paragraph_text": "The cemetery also includes the interments of Johnson's wife, Eliza McCardle Johnson, and son Brigadier General Robert Johnson Henderson. David T. Patterson, a United States Senator from Tennessee, and his son Andrew J. Patterson, who was instrumental in securing historic designation for the Greeneville properties associated with Andrew Johnson, were among others buried in the cemetery. The site was authorized by Congress as a U.S. National Monument in 1935, established on April 27, 1942, and redesignated a National Historic Site on December 11, 1963.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "National Parks of Canada", "paragraph_text": "National Parks of Canada are protected natural spaces throughout the country that represent distinct geographical regions of the nation. Under the administration of Parks Canada, a government branch, National Parks allow for public enjoyment without compromising the area for future generations, including the management of wildlife and habitat within the ecosystems of the park. Within Parks Canada's administration is a wide range of protected areas, encompassing National Historic Sites, National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCA), and National Park Reserves.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Choysky District", "paragraph_text": "Choysky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Choya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 8,348, with the population of Choya accounting for 23.0% of that number.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Burwell School", "paragraph_text": "The Burwell School is an American historic site and former school, located in Hillsborough, North Carolina. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and located in the Hillsborough Historic District.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "Philadelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States. Independence National Historical Park is the center of these historical landmarks being one of the country's 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the Liberty Bell are the city's most famous attractions. Other historic sites include homes for Edgar Allan Poe, Betsy Ross, and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, early government buildings like the First and Second Banks of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. Philadelphia alone has 67 National Historic Landmarks, the third most of any city in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Weardale", "paragraph_text": "Weardale is a dale, or valley, of the east side of the Pennines in County Durham, England. Large parts of Weardale fall within the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) – the second largest AONB in England and Wales. The upper valley is surrounded by high fells (up to O.D. at Burnhope Seat) and heather grouse moors. The River Wear flows through Weardale before reaching Bishop Auckland and then Durham, meeting the sea at Sunderland.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on 30 April by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ``We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Yaroslavl", "paragraph_text": "Yaroslavl () is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city, a World Heritage Site, is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl Rivers. It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow that have played an important role in Russian history. In 2010, the city had a population of 591,486.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican -- American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 377963, "question": "Weardale >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 818397, "question": "#3 National Historic Site >> country", "answer": "U.S.", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[ "USA", "America", "U.S", "the United States", "the U.S.", "United States", "US" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Prokhladnensky District", "paragraph_text": "Prokhladnensky District (; ; ) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Prokhladny (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,533.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Choysky District", "paragraph_text": "Choysky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Choya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 8,348, with the population of Choya accounting for 23.0% of that number.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the Civil War, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William H. Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the domestic issues. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($105 million in 2016), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with \"all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession\". Russia ceded some land in Bessarabia at the mouth of the Danube to Moldavia. By article IV The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia \"the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn, as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops\". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent. The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.:432–33", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican -- American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Treaty of Sugauli", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Sugauli (also spelled Sugowlee, Sagauli and Segqulee), the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified by 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and King of Nepal following the Anglo - Nepalese War of 1814 - 16. The signatory for Nepal was Raj Guru Gajraj Mishra aided by Chandra Sekher Upadhayaya, the signatory for the Company was Lieutenant Colonel Paris Bradshaw. The treaty called for territorial concessions in which some of the territories controlled by Nepal would be given to British India, the establishment of a British representative in Kathmandu, and allowed Britain to recruit Gurkhas for military service. Nepal also lost the right to deploy any American or European employee in its service (earlier several French commanders had been deployed to train the Nepali army).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then turned to that situation, where the Zunghars threatened to re-emerge, and to the southwest, where local Miao chieftains resisted Qing expansion. These campaigns drained the treasury but established the emperor's control of the military and military finance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Estonian language", "paragraph_text": "Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Congress of Berlin", "paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Great Turkish War", "paragraph_text": "The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in a western European alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Treaty", "paragraph_text": "Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss (\"on the one part\") and the EU and its member states (\"on the other part\"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Vatican City", "paragraph_text": "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Lafayette C. Baker", "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Naktong Vallis", "paragraph_text": "Naktong Vallis is an ancient river valley in the Arabia quadrangle of Mars, located at 5.3 degrees north latitude and 327.1 degrees west longitude. It is 670 km long and was named after the Nakdong River in Korea.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 228052, "question": "Naktong Vallis >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 516763, "question": "#3 >> military branch", "answer": "Union Army", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Great Turkish War", "paragraph_text": "The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in a western European alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on 30 April by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ``We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Weardale", "paragraph_text": "Weardale is a dale, or valley, of the east side of the Pennines in County Durham, England. Large parts of Weardale fall within the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) – the second largest AONB in England and Wales. The upper valley is surrounded by high fells (up to O.D. at Burnhope Seat) and heather grouse moors. The River Wear flows through Weardale before reaching Bishop Auckland and then Durham, meeting the sea at Sunderland.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Treaty", "paragraph_text": "Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss (\"on the one part\") and the EU and its member states (\"on the other part\"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Congress of Berlin", "paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Vatican City", "paragraph_text": "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Treaty of Sugauli", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Sugauli (also spelled Sugowlee, Sagauli and Segqulee), the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified by 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and King of Nepal following the Anglo - Nepalese War of 1814 - 16. The signatory for Nepal was Raj Guru Gajraj Mishra aided by Chandra Sekher Upadhayaya, the signatory for the Company was Lieutenant Colonel Paris Bradshaw. The treaty called for territorial concessions in which some of the territories controlled by Nepal would be given to British India, the establishment of a British representative in Kathmandu, and allowed Britain to recruit Gurkhas for military service. Nepal also lost the right to deploy any American or European employee in its service (earlier several French commanders had been deployed to train the Nepali army).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Prokhladnensky District", "paragraph_text": "Prokhladnensky District (; ; ) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Prokhladny (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,533.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Estonian language", "paragraph_text": "Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the Civil War, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William H. Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the domestic issues. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($105 million in 2016), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Lafayette C. Baker", "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the \"Wilsonian Armenia\" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Choysky District", "paragraph_text": "Choysky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Choya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 8,348, with the population of Choya accounting for 23.0% of that number.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 377963, "question": "Weardale >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 516763, "question": "#3 >> military branch", "answer": "Union Army", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican -- American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the \"Wilsonian Armenia\" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Choysky District", "paragraph_text": "Choysky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Choya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 8,348, with the population of Choya accounting for 23.0% of that number.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Prokhladnensky District", "paragraph_text": "Prokhladnensky District (; ; ) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Prokhladny (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,533.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Treaty of Sugauli", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Sugauli (also spelled Sugowlee, Sagauli and Segqulee), the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified by 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and King of Nepal following the Anglo - Nepalese War of 1814 - 16. The signatory for Nepal was Raj Guru Gajraj Mishra aided by Chandra Sekher Upadhayaya, the signatory for the Company was Lieutenant Colonel Paris Bradshaw. The treaty called for territorial concessions in which some of the territories controlled by Nepal would be given to British India, the establishment of a British representative in Kathmandu, and allowed Britain to recruit Gurkhas for military service. Nepal also lost the right to deploy any American or European employee in its service (earlier several French commanders had been deployed to train the Nepali army).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on 30 April by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ``We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Lafayette C. Baker", "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then turned to that situation, where the Zunghars threatened to re-emerge, and to the southwest, where local Miao chieftains resisted Qing expansion. These campaigns drained the treasury but established the emperor's control of the military and military finance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Treaty", "paragraph_text": "Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss (\"on the one part\") and the EU and its member states (\"on the other part\"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Great Turkish War", "paragraph_text": "The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in a western European alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Warrego Valles", "paragraph_text": "Warrego Valles is an ancient river valley in the Thaumasia quadrangle of Mars, located at 42.2° south latitude and 93° west longitude. It is 188 km", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Vatican City", "paragraph_text": "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican - American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the Civil War, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William H. Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the domestic issues. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($105 million in 2016), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 349594, "question": "Warrego Valles >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 516763, "question": "#3 >> military branch", "answer": "Union Army", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict", "paragraph_text": "This conflict came from the intercommunal violence in Mandatory Palestine between Israelis and Arabs from 1920 and erupted into full - scale hostilities in the 1947 -- 48 civil war. The conflict continues to the present day on various levels.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Roman expansion in Italy", "paragraph_text": "The Roman expansion in Italy covers a series of conflicts in which the city - state of Rome grew from being the dominant state in Latium to become the ruler of all of Italy. The first major Roman conquest in historical times came with the final defeat of her neighbour Veii in 396 BC. In the second half of the 4th century BC Rome clashed repeatedly with the Samnites, a powerful tribal coalition. By the end of these wars Rome had become the most powerful state in Italy. The last threat to Roman hegemony came when Tarentum enlisted the aid of Pyrrhus of Epirus during the Pyrrhic War (282 -- 273 BC). By 218 BC Roman conquest of Italy had been completed. Conquered territories were incorporated into the growing Roman state in a number of ways: land confiscations, establishment of coloniae, granting of full or partial Roman citizenship and military alliances with nominally independent states. The successful conquest of Italy gave Rome access to a manpower pool unrivalled by any contemporary state and paved the way to the eventual Roman domination of the entire Mediterranean world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "János Hajnal", "paragraph_text": "In Italy his artistic career was mainly based on glass walls and mosaics. He was granted Italian citizenship in 1958 due to his artistic merits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Full Love", "paragraph_text": "Full Love (formerly known as Soldiers and The Eagle Path) is an upcoming action drama written, produced, edited, and directed by Jean-Claude Van Damme, who also stars in the film as the main character Frenchy. The film also features two of his children, Kristopher Van Varenberg and Bianca Bree. The first edit of the film was screened at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival under the former title \"The Eagle Path\". A theatrical release in 2019 was promoted at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Xiao Qiang", "paragraph_text": "A theoretical physicist by training, he studied at the University of Science and Technology of China and entered the PhD program (1986–1989) in Astrophysics at the University of Notre Dame. He became a full-time human rights activist after the Tiananmen Massacre in 1989. Xiao was the Executive Director of the New York-based NGO Human Rights in China from 1991 to 2002 and vice-chairman of the steering committee of the World Movement for Democracy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Adua and Her Friends", "paragraph_text": "Adua and Her Friends (), also known as \"Hungry For Love\", is a 1960 Italian film directed by Antonio Pietrangeli with a collaborative screenplay by the film's director together with Ruggero Maccari, Ettore Scola and Tullio Pinelli. The movie is about four prostitutes who start a restaurant after their brothel is shut down by the Merlin law, which made brothels illegal in Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Ottoman Tripolitania", "paragraph_text": "As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. These provinces together formed what became known as Libya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Blood on Wolf Mountain", "paragraph_text": "Blood on Wolf Mountain, also known as The Wolf Hill, Bloodbath in Langshan, and Bloodshed on Wolf Mountain, is a Chinese film directed by acclaimed Shanghainese film director Fei Mu. Made just prior to the commencement of full-scale war with Imperial Japan, the film itself is often considered an allegory of conflict between China and Japan that had been going on intermittently since the Invasion of Manchuria in 1931. The film was produced by the Lianhua Film Company and was released in November of 1936.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "JCVD (film)", "paragraph_text": "JCVD is a 2008 Belgian crime drama film directed by French Tunisian film director Mabrouk el Mechri, and starring Jean-Claude van Damme as a semi-fictionalized version of himself, a down and out action star whose family and career are crumbling around him as he is caught in the middle of a post office heist in his hometown of Brussels, Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Telman Ismailov", "paragraph_text": "Telman Mardanovich Ismailov (, ; born 26 October 1956) is an Azerbaijani-born businessman and entrepreneur of Mountain Jew origin. Since Azerbaijan does not allow dual citizenship, he holds Russian-Turkish citizenship. He is the chairman of the Russian AST Group of companies, which is active in many countries. Until 2009, Ismailov owned the Europe's then-largest marketplace, Cherkizovsky Market, located in Moscow, Russia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Italy", "paragraph_text": "In 2016, Italy had about 5.05 million foreign residents, making up 8.3% of the total population. The figures include more than half a million children born in Italy to foreign nationals – second generation immigrants, but exclude foreign nationals who have subsequently acquired Italian citizenship; In 2016, about 201,000 people acquired Italian citizenship (130,000 in 2014). The official figures also exclude illegal immigrants, that were estimated in 2008 to number at least 670,000.Starting from the early 1980s, until then a linguistically and culturally homogeneous society, Italy begun to attract substantial flows of foreign immigrants. After the fall of the Berlin Wall and, more recently, the 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union, large waves of migration originated from the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe (especially Romania, Albania, Ukraine and Poland). An equally important source of immigration is neighbouring North Africa (in particular, Morocco, Egypt and Tunisia), with soaring arrivals as a consequence of the Arab Spring. Furthermore, in recent years, growing migration fluxes from Asia-Pacific (notably China and the Philippines) and Latin America have been recorded.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Michele Bianchi", "paragraph_text": "Michele Bianchi's attitude during World War I mirrored that of Benito Mussolini: he became an active supporter of Italy's entry into the conflict, and advocate of irredentism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo", "paragraph_text": "With the defeat of its army and the fall of its capital, Mexico entered into negotiations to end the war. The treaty called for the U.S. to pay US $15 million to Mexico and to pay off the claims of American citizens against Mexico up to US $5 million. It gave the United States the Rio Grande as a boundary for Texas, and gave the U.S. ownership of California and a large area comprising roughly half of New Mexico, most of Arizona, Nevada, and Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado. Mexicans in those annexed areas had the choice of relocating to within Mexico's new boundaries or receiving American citizenship with full civil rights.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Commanders of World War II", "paragraph_text": "The Commanders of World War II were for the most part career officers. They were forced to adapt to new technologies and shaped the direction of modern warfare. Some political leaders, particularly those of the principal dictatorships involved in the conflict, Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy) and Emperor Hirohito (Japan), acted as supreme military commanders as well as dictators for their respective countries or empires.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Sophia (robot)", "paragraph_text": "On October 11, 2017, Sophia was introduced to the United Nations with a brief conversation with the United Nations Deputy Secretary - General, Amina J. Mohammed. On October 25, at the Future Investment Summit in Riyadh, the robot was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship, becoming the first robot ever to have a nationality. This attracted controversy as some commentators wondered if this implied that Sophia could vote or marry, or whether a deliberate system shutdown could be considered murder. Social media users used Sophia's citizenship to criticize Saudi Arabia's human rights record. As explained by Ali Al - Ahmed, director of the Institute for Gulf Affairs, ``Women (in Saudi Arabia) have since committed suicide because they could n't leave the house, and Sophia is running around (without a male guardian). Saudi law does n't allow non-Muslims to get citizenship. Did Sophia convert to Islam? What is the religion of this Sophia and why is n't she wearing hijab? If she applied for citizenship as a human she would n't get it. ''In December 2017, Sophia's creator David Hanson said in an interview that Sophia will use her citizenship to advocate for women's rights in her now country of citizenship; Newsweek criticized that`` What (Hanson) means, exactly, is unclear ''..", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Saint Helena", "paragraph_text": "The citizens of Saint Helena hold British Overseas Territories citizenship. On 21 May 2002, full British citizenship was restored by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002. See also British nationality law.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "I Know You're Married But I've Got Feelings Too", "paragraph_text": "I Know You're Married But I've Got Feelings Too is the second full-length album of Canadian-American singer-songwriter Martha Wainwright. It was released in Australia on May 10, 2008, with other countries to follow. The 14-track album features 12 original tracks and cover versions of Pink Floyd's \"See Emily Play\" and, as a bonus track in some countries, the Eurythmics' \"Love Is a Stranger\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Jean-Jacques Andrien", "paragraph_text": "Jean-Jacques Andrien (born 1 June 1944) is a Belgian film director. Le Monde deem his film \"Le Grand Paysage d'Alexis Droeven\" (1981), to be \"the first great Film of a Walloon cinema\" \"This film addresses two problems; the first is that of Belgium's region, site of a bitter conflict between Flemish and Walloon inhabitants, and the second that of a dramatic changes that have affected the agricultural world.\" The film was entered into the 31st Berlin International Film Festival where it won an Honourable Mention.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 760816, "question": "Full Love >> director", "answer": "Jean-Claude Van Damme", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 570923, "question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Choysky District", "paragraph_text": "Choysky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Choya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 8,348, with the population of Choya accounting for 23.0% of that number.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on 30 April by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ``We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Great Turkish War", "paragraph_text": "The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in a western European alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with \"all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession\". Russia ceded some land in Bessarabia at the mouth of the Danube to Moldavia. By article IV The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia \"the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn, as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops\". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent. The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.:432–33", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican - American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Estonian language", "paragraph_text": "Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Lafayette C. Baker", "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Maumee Valles", "paragraph_text": "Maumee Valles is an ancient river valley in the Lunae Palus quadrangle of Mars, located at 19.7° N and 53.2° W. It is 350.0 km long and was named after a North American river in Indiana and Ohio.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the \"Wilsonian Armenia\" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Treaty of Sugauli", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Sugauli (also spelled Sugowlee, Sagauli and Segqulee), the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified by 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and King of Nepal following the Anglo - Nepalese War of 1814 - 16. The signatory for Nepal was Raj Guru Gajraj Mishra aided by Chandra Sekher Upadhayaya, the signatory for the Company was Lieutenant Colonel Paris Bradshaw. The treaty called for territorial concessions in which some of the territories controlled by Nepal would be given to British India, the establishment of a British representative in Kathmandu, and allowed Britain to recruit Gurkhas for military service. Nepal also lost the right to deploy any American or European employee in its service (earlier several French commanders had been deployed to train the Nepali army).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Congress of Berlin", "paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the Civil War, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William H. Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the domestic issues. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($105 million in 2016), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican -- American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Treaty", "paragraph_text": "Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss (\"on the one part\") and the EU and its member states (\"on the other part\"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 766821, "question": "Maumee Valles >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 516763, "question": "#3 >> military branch", "answer": "Union Army", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Prokhladnensky District", "paragraph_text": "Prokhladnensky District (; ; ) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Prokhladny (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,533.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the \"Wilsonian Armenia\" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Vatican City", "paragraph_text": "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Treaty", "paragraph_text": "Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss (\"on the one part\") and the EU and its member states (\"on the other part\"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Arnus Vallis", "paragraph_text": "Arnus Vallis is an ancient river valley in the Syrtis Major quadrangle of Mars, located at 14.1° north latitude and 289.5° west longitude. It is 280 km long and was named after the classical and present day Arno River in Tuscany, Italy (previously named Arena Rupes).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then turned to that situation, where the Zunghars threatened to re-emerge, and to the southwest, where local Miao chieftains resisted Qing expansion. These campaigns drained the treasury but established the emperor's control of the military and military finance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with \"all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession\". Russia ceded some land in Bessarabia at the mouth of the Danube to Moldavia. By article IV The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia \"the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn, as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops\". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent. The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.:432–33", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Choysky District", "paragraph_text": "Choysky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Choya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 8,348, with the population of Choya accounting for 23.0% of that number.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican -- American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Lafayette C. Baker", "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Congress of Berlin", "paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the Civil War, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William H. Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the domestic issues. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($105 million in 2016), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on 30 April by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ``We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank. ''", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 374751, "question": "Arnus Vallis >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 516763, "question": "#3 >> military branch", "answer": "Union Army", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Fälö by", "paragraph_text": "Falö by is located in northern Roslagen, Börstil parish, Väddö and Häverö skeppslag, Östhammar, Uppsala County, Sweden. \"By\" (village) is a historical entity that was providing a soldier each.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ron Laird", "paragraph_text": "Ronald (\"Ron\") Owen Laird (born May 31, 1938 in Louisville, Kentucky) was a race walker from the United States, who competed for the New York Athletic Club. He represented his native country at four Olympiads. His best finish was 19th place in the men's 50 km walk at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. He won the 20 km event at the 1967 Pan American Games, and finished 25th in that event in the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and 20th in the Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics, but was disqualified in the 1964 Summer Olympics event in Tokyo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Khmer Republic at the 1972 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Cambodia competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. The nation returned to the Olympic Games as the Khmer Republic (1970–1975) after missing the 1968 Summer Olympics. Owing to the troubled situation of the country Cambodia would not compete again until the 1996 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Antonio Oliviero", "paragraph_text": "Antonio Oliviero (born 18 July 1943 in Sorrento, Naples) is a sailor from Italy. Oliviero represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Oliviero di Amato took 19th place in the Soling with Giuseppe Milone as helmsman and Roberto Mottola di Amato as fellow crew member.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Sweden at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Sweden competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 260 competitors, 247 men and 13 women, took part in 100 events in 18 sports.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Roldano Simeoni", "paragraph_text": "Roldano Simeoni (Civitavecchia, December 21, 1948) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Alessandra Cappa", "paragraph_text": "Alessandra Cappa (born May 19, 1981) is a backstroke swimmer from Italy who won the bronze medal in the women's 50 metres backstroke event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Ralph Gomes", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Gomes (born June 13, 1937 in Uitvlugt) is a retired track and field athlete from Guyana. He competed in the middle-distances, and represented his native country at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Felix von Heijden", "paragraph_text": "Herman Carel Felix Clotilde von Heijden (11 April 1890 in Weerselo – 17 November 1982 in Boxtel) was a football (soccer) player from the Netherlands, who represented his home country at the 1920 Summer Olympics. There he won the bronze medal with the Netherlands national football team. He was also present at the 1912 Summer Olympics although he did not play and therefore received no medal. Later he became mayor of Rosmalen, North Brabant (1923–1955).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Leonardo Sottani", "paragraph_text": "Leonardo Sottani (born 1 November 1973 in Figline Valdarno) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There the attacking forward (1m97) was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Arnoud van der Biesen", "paragraph_text": "Arnoud Eugène van der Biesen (December 28, 1899 Semarang, Dutch East Indies - February 17, 1968, The Hague) was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Francesco Postiglione", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Ahn Byeong-keun", "paragraph_text": "Ahn Byeong-keun (born February 23, 1962) is a retired judoka from South Korea, who represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics. There he claimed the gold medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg) by defeating Italy's Ezio Gamba in the final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Paola Paggi", "paragraph_text": "Paola Paggi (born 6 December 1976 in Ivrea, Piedmont) is a volleyball player from Italy, who represented her native country in two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2000. She was a member of the Women's National Team, that won the title at the 2002 FIVB Women's World Championship in Germany. Paggi made her debut for Italy on 22 May 1999 against Cuba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Paola Cavallino", "paragraph_text": "Paola Cavallino (born 6 June 1977 in Genova) is a butterfly swimmer from Italy, who won the silver medal in the women's 200 metres butterfly event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Vittorio Zucca", "paragraph_text": "He competed at the 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics. Vittorio Zucca has won four time the individual national championship. On the track in the sand of a 100 meters of the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920, he measured Vittorio Zucca, a native of Pula, at that time part of the Kingdom of Italy. Zucca was also in Paris 1924.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Léopold Standaert", "paragraph_text": "Léopold Standaert was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium in the 8 Metre.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 458452, "question": "Fälö by >> country", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 221169, "question": "#1 at the 1920 Summer Olympics >> country", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Vestfjorddalen (Svalbard)", "paragraph_text": "Vestfjorddalen (West Fjord Valley) is a glacial valley in the inner, western branch, Vestfjorden, of Wijdefjorden. Located in the west of the Indre Wijdefjorden National Park on the divide between Andrée Land and Dickson Land in Spitsbergen, Svalbard in Arctic Norway. It is 12 km long and forks into Universitetsbreen to the south and Lisbetbreen to the northeast.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Yaroslavl", "paragraph_text": "Yaroslavl () is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city, a World Heritage Site, is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl Rivers. It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow that have played an important role in Russian history. In 2010, the city had a population of 591,486.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Treaty", "paragraph_text": "Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss (\"on the one part\") and the EU and its member states (\"on the other part\"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on 30 April by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ``We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "National Parks of Canada", "paragraph_text": "National Parks of Canada are protected natural spaces throughout the country that represent distinct geographical regions of the nation. Under the administration of Parks Canada, a government branch, National Parks allow for public enjoyment without compromising the area for future generations, including the management of wildlife and habitat within the ecosystems of the park. Within Parks Canada's administration is a wide range of protected areas, encompassing National Historic Sites, National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCA), and National Park Reserves.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Point No Point", "paragraph_text": "Point No Point is an outcropping of land on the northeast point of the Kitsap Peninsula in Washington, the United States. It was the location of the signing of the Point No Point Treaty and is the site of the Point No Point Light. It was named by Charles Wilkes during the United States Exploring Expedition of Puget Sound in 1841.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Burwell School", "paragraph_text": "The Burwell School is an American historic site and former school, located in Hillsborough, North Carolina. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and located in the Hillsborough Historic District.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the Civil War, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William H. Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the domestic issues. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($105 million in 2016), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Smoking age", "paragraph_text": "The smoking age is the minimum legal age required to purchase or smoke tobacco products. In almost all countries citizens are eligible to buy tobacco products when they turn 18. Most countries have laws that restrict those below a minimum age from legally purchasing tobacco products.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Philadelphia", "paragraph_text": "Philadelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States. Independence National Historical Park is the center of these historical landmarks being one of the country's 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the Liberty Bell are the city's most famous attractions. Other historic sites include homes for Edgar Allan Poe, Betsy Ross, and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, early government buildings like the First and Second Banks of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. Philadelphia alone has 67 National Historic Landmarks, the third most of any city in the country.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican - American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican -- American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Andrew Johnson National Historic Site", "paragraph_text": "The cemetery also includes the interments of Johnson's wife, Eliza McCardle Johnson, and son Brigadier General Robert Johnson Henderson. David T. Patterson, a United States Senator from Tennessee, and his son Andrew J. Patterson, who was instrumental in securing historic designation for the Greeneville properties associated with Andrew Johnson, were among others buried in the cemetery. The site was authorized by Congress as a U.S. National Monument in 1935, established on April 27, 1942, and redesignated a National Historic Site on December 11, 1963.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Congress of Berlin", "paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 389932, "question": "Vestfjorddalen >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 818397, "question": "#3 National Historic Site >> country", "answer": "U.S.", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

[ "USA", "America", "the States", "U.S", "the United States", "the U.S.", "United States", "US" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the \"Wilsonian Armenia\" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Lafayette C. Baker", "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Choysky District", "paragraph_text": "Choysky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Choya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 8,348, with the population of Choya accounting for 23.0% of that number.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Dale (landform)", "paragraph_text": "A dale is an open valley. \"Dale\" is a synonym to the word \"valley\". Norwegian towns frequently use this term: \"dalekvam\", so \"dale\". The name is used when describing the physical geography of an area. It is used most frequently in the Lowlands of Scotland and in the North of England, where the term \"fell\" commonly refers to the mountains or hills that flank the dale.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican -- American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Congress of Berlin", "paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican - American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on 30 April by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ``We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with \"all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession\". Russia ceded some land in Bessarabia at the mouth of the Danube to Moldavia. By article IV The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia \"the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn, as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops\". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent. The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.:432–33", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Treaty of Sugauli", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Sugauli (also spelled Sugowlee, Sagauli and Segqulee), the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified by 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and King of Nepal following the Anglo - Nepalese War of 1814 - 16. The signatory for Nepal was Raj Guru Gajraj Mishra aided by Chandra Sekher Upadhayaya, the signatory for the Company was Lieutenant Colonel Paris Bradshaw. The treaty called for territorial concessions in which some of the territories controlled by Nepal would be given to British India, the establishment of a British representative in Kathmandu, and allowed Britain to recruit Gurkhas for military service. Nepal also lost the right to deploy any American or European employee in its service (earlier several French commanders had been deployed to train the Nepali army).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Vatican City", "paragraph_text": "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Estonian language", "paragraph_text": "Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Great Turkish War", "paragraph_text": "The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in a western European alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ten Thousand Angels (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Ten Thousand Angels\" is a debut song written by Billy Henderson and Steven Dale Jones, and recorded by American country music artist Mindy McCready. It was released in February 1996 as the first single and title track from the album \"Ten Thousand Angels\". The song reached #6 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 288060, "question": "Dale >> subclass of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 516763, "question": "#3 >> military branch", "answer": "Union Army", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican - American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the Civil War, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William H. Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the domestic issues. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($105 million in 2016), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Great Turkish War", "paragraph_text": "The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in a western European alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Vestfjorddalen (Svalbard)", "paragraph_text": "Vestfjorddalen (West Fjord Valley) is a glacial valley in the inner, western branch, Vestfjorden, of Wijdefjorden. Located in the west of the Indre Wijdefjorden National Park on the divide between Andrée Land and Dickson Land in Spitsbergen, Svalbard in Arctic Norway. It is 12 km long and forks into Universitetsbreen to the south and Lisbetbreen to the northeast.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Treaty of Sugauli", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Sugauli (also spelled Sugowlee, Sagauli and Segqulee), the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified by 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and King of Nepal following the Anglo - Nepalese War of 1814 - 16. The signatory for Nepal was Raj Guru Gajraj Mishra aided by Chandra Sekher Upadhayaya, the signatory for the Company was Lieutenant Colonel Paris Bradshaw. The treaty called for territorial concessions in which some of the territories controlled by Nepal would be given to British India, the establishment of a British representative in Kathmandu, and allowed Britain to recruit Gurkhas for military service. Nepal also lost the right to deploy any American or European employee in its service (earlier several French commanders had been deployed to train the Nepali army).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Estonian language", "paragraph_text": "Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the \"Wilsonian Armenia\" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on 30 April by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ``We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican -- American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Choysky District", "paragraph_text": "Choysky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Choya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 8,348, with the population of Choya accounting for 23.0% of that number.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Lafayette C. Baker", "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then turned to that situation, where the Zunghars threatened to re-emerge, and to the southwest, where local Miao chieftains resisted Qing expansion. These campaigns drained the treasury but established the emperor's control of the military and military finance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with \"all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession\". Russia ceded some land in Bessarabia at the mouth of the Danube to Moldavia. By article IV The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia \"the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn, as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops\". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent. The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.:432–33", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Congress of Berlin", "paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 389932, "question": "Vestfjorddalen >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 516763, "question": "#3 >> military branch", "answer": "Union Army", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Antonio Oliviero", "paragraph_text": "Antonio Oliviero (born 18 July 1943 in Sorrento, Naples) is a sailor from Italy. Oliviero represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Oliviero di Amato took 19th place in the Soling with Giuseppe Milone as helmsman and Roberto Mottola di Amato as fellow crew member.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Francesco Postiglione", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Vittorio Zucca", "paragraph_text": "He competed at the 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics. Vittorio Zucca has won four time the individual national championship. On the track in the sand of a 100 meters of the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920, he measured Vittorio Zucca, a native of Pula, at that time part of the Kingdom of Italy. Zucca was also in Paris 1924.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Alessandra Cappa", "paragraph_text": "Alessandra Cappa (born May 19, 1981) is a backstroke swimmer from Italy who won the bronze medal in the women's 50 metres backstroke event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Leonardo Sottani", "paragraph_text": "Leonardo Sottani (born 1 November 1973 in Figline Valdarno) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There the attacking forward (1m97) was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Arnoud van der Biesen", "paragraph_text": "Arnoud Eugène van der Biesen (December 28, 1899 Semarang, Dutch East Indies - February 17, 1968, The Hague) was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Sweden at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Sweden competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 260 competitors, 247 men and 13 women, took part in 100 events in 18 sports.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Roldano Simeoni", "paragraph_text": "Roldano Simeoni (Civitavecchia, December 21, 1948) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Ahn Byeong-keun", "paragraph_text": "Ahn Byeong-keun (born February 23, 1962) is a retired judoka from South Korea, who represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics. There he claimed the gold medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg) by defeating Italy's Ezio Gamba in the final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Léopold Standaert", "paragraph_text": "Léopold Standaert was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium in the 8 Metre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ron Laird", "paragraph_text": "Ronald (\"Ron\") Owen Laird (born May 31, 1938 in Louisville, Kentucky) was a race walker from the United States, who competed for the New York Athletic Club. He represented his native country at four Olympiads. His best finish was 19th place in the men's 50 km walk at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. He won the 20 km event at the 1967 Pan American Games, and finished 25th in that event in the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and 20th in the Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics, but was disqualified in the 1964 Summer Olympics event in Tokyo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ralph Gomes", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Gomes (born June 13, 1937 in Uitvlugt) is a retired track and field athlete from Guyana. He competed in the middle-distances, and represented his native country at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "1980 Summer Olympics boycott", "paragraph_text": "The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott was one part of a number of actions initiated by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics, and other countries would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Malmöhus", "paragraph_text": "Malmöhus is a neighbourhood of Malmö, situated in the Borough of Centrum, Malmö Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden. It was named after a famous hotel founded by Arvid Jon Torstensœn.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Paola Paggi", "paragraph_text": "Paola Paggi (born 6 December 1976 in Ivrea, Piedmont) is a volleyball player from Italy, who represented her native country in two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2000. She was a member of the Women's National Team, that won the title at the 2002 FIVB Women's World Championship in Germany. Paggi made her debut for Italy on 22 May 1999 against Cuba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Paola Cavallino", "paragraph_text": "Paola Cavallino (born 6 June 1977 in Genova) is a butterfly swimmer from Italy, who won the silver medal in the women's 200 metres butterfly event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Alberto Angelini", "paragraph_text": "Alberto Angelini (born 28 September 1974 in Savona) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996 (Atlanta, Georgia). He was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal in 1996.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 704588, "question": "Malmöhus >> country", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 221169, "question": "#1 at the 1920 Summer Olympics >> country", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Alberto Angelini", "paragraph_text": "Alberto Angelini (born 28 September 1974 in Savona) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996 (Atlanta, Georgia). He was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal in 1996.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Sweden at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Sweden competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 260 competitors, 247 men and 13 women, took part in 100 events in 18 sports.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ahn Byeong-keun", "paragraph_text": "Ahn Byeong-keun (born February 23, 1962) is a retired judoka from South Korea, who represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics. There he claimed the gold medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg) by defeating Italy's Ezio Gamba in the final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Paola Cavallino", "paragraph_text": "Paola Cavallino (born 6 June 1977 in Genova) is a butterfly swimmer from Italy, who won the silver medal in the women's 200 metres butterfly event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Antonio Oliviero", "paragraph_text": "Antonio Oliviero (born 18 July 1943 in Sorrento, Naples) is a sailor from Italy. Oliviero represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Oliviero di Amato took 19th place in the Soling with Giuseppe Milone as helmsman and Roberto Mottola di Amato as fellow crew member.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. After declaring independence from Russia in 1918, Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. Estonia has had very good success at the Olympic games given the country's small population. Estonia's best results were being ranked 13th in the medal table at the 1936 Summer Olympics, and 12th at the 2006 Winter Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "1980 Summer Olympics boycott", "paragraph_text": "The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott was one part of a number of actions initiated by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics, and other countries would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Roberto Calcaterra", "paragraph_text": "Roberto Calcaterra (born February 2, 1972 in Civitavecchia) is a retired water polo defense player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There he won the bronze medal with the men's national team. Calcaterra also competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Vittorio Zucca", "paragraph_text": "He competed at the 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics. Vittorio Zucca has won four time the individual national championship. On the track in the sand of a 100 meters of the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920, he measured Vittorio Zucca, a native of Pula, at that time part of the Kingdom of Italy. Zucca was also in Paris 1924.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Roldano Simeoni", "paragraph_text": "Roldano Simeoni (Civitavecchia, December 21, 1948) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Paola Paggi", "paragraph_text": "Paola Paggi (born 6 December 1976 in Ivrea, Piedmont) is a volleyball player from Italy, who represented her native country in two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2000. She was a member of the Women's National Team, that won the title at the 2002 FIVB Women's World Championship in Germany. Paggi made her debut for Italy on 22 May 1999 against Cuba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Arnoud van der Biesen", "paragraph_text": "Arnoud Eugène van der Biesen (December 28, 1899 Semarang, Dutch East Indies - February 17, 1968, The Hague) was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Ralph Gomes", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Gomes (born June 13, 1937 in Uitvlugt) is a retired track and field athlete from Guyana. He competed in the middle-distances, and represented his native country at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Léopold Standaert", "paragraph_text": "Léopold Standaert was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium in the 8 Metre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Leonardo Sottani", "paragraph_text": "Leonardo Sottani (born 1 November 1973 in Figline Valdarno) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There the attacking forward (1m97) was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Tug of war at the Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Kungshuset", "paragraph_text": "An often related local legend has it that king Charles XII of Sweden, who resided in Lund for a time between campaigns in the 1710s, rode up the wide wooden stairs in the tower. The legend is easily debunked, as the tower was added to the building only later in the 18th century.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Francesco Postiglione", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 502800, "question": "Kungshuset >> country", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 221169, "question": "#1 at the 1920 Summer Olympics >> country", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Sweden at the 1920 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Sweden competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 260 competitors, 247 men and 13 women, took part in 100 events in 18 sports.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Gärde", "paragraph_text": "Gärde is a locality in the north of Offerdal in the historical province Jämtland in the middle of Sweden. Gärde is situated in Krokom Municipality, 70 kilometres northwest of Östersund, the capital of Jämtland. Gärde is a traditional village in a genuine agricultural area with a long history. The name of the village has been known since 1553.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ahn Byeong-keun", "paragraph_text": "Ahn Byeong-keun (born February 23, 1962) is a retired judoka from South Korea, who represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics. There he claimed the gold medal in the men's lightweight division (– 71 kg) by defeating Italy's Ezio Gamba in the final.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Roldano Simeoni", "paragraph_text": "Roldano Simeoni (Civitavecchia, December 21, 1948) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1972.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Khmer Republic at the 1972 Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Cambodia competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. The nation returned to the Olympic Games as the Khmer Republic (1970–1975) after missing the 1968 Summer Olympics. Owing to the troubled situation of the country Cambodia would not compete again until the 1996 Summer Olympics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "1980 Summer Olympics boycott", "paragraph_text": "The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott was one part of a number of actions initiated by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics, and other countries would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Felix von Heijden", "paragraph_text": "Herman Carel Felix Clotilde von Heijden (11 April 1890 in Weerselo – 17 November 1982 in Boxtel) was a football (soccer) player from the Netherlands, who represented his home country at the 1920 Summer Olympics. There he won the bronze medal with the Netherlands national football team. He was also present at the 1912 Summer Olympics although he did not play and therefore received no medal. Later he became mayor of Rosmalen, North Brabant (1923–1955).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Paola Paggi", "paragraph_text": "Paola Paggi (born 6 December 1976 in Ivrea, Piedmont) is a volleyball player from Italy, who represented her native country in two consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 2000. She was a member of the Women's National Team, that won the title at the 2002 FIVB Women's World Championship in Germany. Paggi made her debut for Italy on 22 May 1999 against Cuba.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Léopold Standaert", "paragraph_text": "Léopold Standaert was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium in the 8 Metre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Vittorio Zucca", "paragraph_text": "He competed at the 1920 and the 1924 Summer Olympics. Vittorio Zucca has won four time the individual national championship. On the track in the sand of a 100 meters of the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920, he measured Vittorio Zucca, a native of Pula, at that time part of the Kingdom of Italy. Zucca was also in Paris 1924.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Paola Cavallino", "paragraph_text": "Paola Cavallino (born 6 June 1977 in Genova) is a butterfly swimmer from Italy, who won the silver medal in the women's 200 metres butterfly event at the 2004 European Championships. She represented her native country a couple of months later at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Leonardo Sottani", "paragraph_text": "Leonardo Sottani (born 1 November 1973 in Figline Valdarno) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There the attacking forward (1m97) was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Alberto Angelini", "paragraph_text": "Alberto Angelini (born 28 September 1974 in Savona) is a retired water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996 (Atlanta, Georgia). He was a member of the men's national team that claimed the bronze medal in 1996.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Tug of war at the Summer Olympics", "paragraph_text": "Tug of war was contested as a team event in the Summer Olympics at every Olympiad from 1900 to 1920. Originally the competition was entered by groups called clubs. A country could enter more than one club in the competition, making it possible for one country to earn multiple medals. This happened in 1904, when the United States won all three medals, and in 1908 when the podium was occupied by three British teams. Sweden was also among the top countries with two medals, one as a member of the mixed team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Arnoud van der Biesen", "paragraph_text": "Arnoud Eugène van der Biesen (December 28, 1899 Semarang, Dutch East Indies - February 17, 1968, The Hague) was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his native country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Ostend, Belgium.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ron Laird", "paragraph_text": "Ronald (\"Ron\") Owen Laird (born May 31, 1938 in Louisville, Kentucky) was a race walker from the United States, who competed for the New York Athletic Club. He represented his native country at four Olympiads. His best finish was 19th place in the men's 50 km walk at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. He won the 20 km event at the 1967 Pan American Games, and finished 25th in that event in the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and 20th in the Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics, but was disqualified in the 1964 Summer Olympics event in Tokyo.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Antonio Oliviero", "paragraph_text": "Antonio Oliviero (born 18 July 1943 in Sorrento, Naples) is a sailor from Italy. Oliviero represented his country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Kiel. Oliviero di Amato took 19th place in the Soling with Giuseppe Milone as helmsman and Roberto Mottola di Amato as fellow crew member.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Francesco Postiglione", "paragraph_text": "Francesco Postiglione (born 29 April 1972 in Naples) is a former swimmer and water polo player from Italy, who represented his native country at four Summer Olympics: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. At his Olympic debut he competed as a breaststroke swimmer (1992). Four years later he claimed the bronze medal with the men's national team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, USA.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 841580, "question": "Gärde >> country", "answer": "Sweden", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 221169, "question": "#1 at the 1920 Summer Olympics >> country", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Full Love", "paragraph_text": "Full Love (formerly known as Soldiers and The Eagle Path) is an upcoming action drama written, produced, edited, and directed by Jean-Claude Van Damme, who also stars in the film as the main character Frenchy. The film also features two of his children, Kristopher Van Varenberg and Bianca Bree. The first edit of the film was screened at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival under the former title \"The Eagle Path\". A theatrical release in 2019 was promoted at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Jacques Séverac", "paragraph_text": "Jacques Séverac (1902–1982) was a French film director and screenwriter. He directed 21 films between 1928 and 1962. His film \"Children of the Sun\" was entered into the 1962 Cannes Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict", "paragraph_text": "This conflict came from the intercommunal violence in Mandatory Palestine between Israelis and Arabs from 1920 and erupted into full - scale hostilities in the 1947 -- 48 civil war. The conflict continues to the present day on various levels.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Michele Bianchi", "paragraph_text": "Michele Bianchi's attitude during World War I mirrored that of Benito Mussolini: he became an active supporter of Italy's entry into the conflict, and advocate of irredentism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Joseph Fields", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Albert Fields (February 21, 1895 – March 4, 1966) was an American playwright, theatre director, screenwriter, and film producer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Pascal Thomas", "paragraph_text": "Pascal Thomas (born 2 April 1945) is a French screenwriter and film director. His 1999 film \"The Dilettante\" was entered into the 21st Moscow International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Military history of Italy during World War I", "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1915 Italy officially revoked the Triple Alliance. In the following days Giolitti and the neutralist majority of the Parliament opposed declaring war, while nationalist crowds demonstrated in public areas for it. (The nationalist poet Gabriele D'Annunzio called this period le radiose giornate di Maggio -- ``the sunny days of May ''). Giolitti had the support of the majority of Italian parliament so on 13 May Salandra offered his resignation to King Victor Emmanuel III, but then Giolitti learned that the London Pact was already signed: fearful of a conflict between the Crown and the Parliament and the consequences on both internal stability and foreign relationships, Giolitti accepted the fait accompli, declined to succeed as prime minister and Salandra's resignation was not accepted. On 23 May, Italy declared war on Austria - Hungary. This was followed by declarations of war on the Ottoman Empire (21 August 1915, following an ultimatum of 3 August), Bulgaria (19 October 1915) and the German Empire (28 August 1916).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Jean-Marie Larrieu", "paragraph_text": "Jean-Marie Larrieu (born 8 April 1965) is a French film director and screenwriter. He has directed eleven films since 1987. His film \"To Paint or Make Love\" was entered into the 2005 Cannes Film Festival. He is the brother of film director Arnaud Larrieu.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Commanders of World War II", "paragraph_text": "The Commanders of World War II were for the most part career officers. They were forced to adapt to new technologies and shaped the direction of modern warfare. Some political leaders, particularly those of the principal dictatorships involved in the conflict, Adolf Hitler (Germany), Benito Mussolini (Italy) and Emperor Hirohito (Japan), acted as supreme military commanders as well as dictators for their respective countries or empires.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Sergio Amidei", "paragraph_text": "Sergio Amidei (30 October 1904 – 14 April 1981) was an Italian screenwriter and an important figure in Italy's neorealist movement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Ottoman Tripolitania", "paragraph_text": "As a result of this conflict, the Ottoman Turks ceded the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica to Italy. These provinces together formed what became known as Libya.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Roman expansion in Italy", "paragraph_text": "The Roman expansion in Italy covers a series of conflicts in which the city - state of Rome grew from being the dominant state in Latium to become the ruler of all of Italy. The first major Roman conquest in historical times came with the final defeat of her neighbour Veii in 396 BC. In the second half of the 4th century BC Rome clashed repeatedly with the Samnites, a powerful tribal coalition. By the end of these wars Rome had become the most powerful state in Italy. The last threat to Roman hegemony came when Tarentum enlisted the aid of Pyrrhus of Epirus during the Pyrrhic War (282 -- 273 BC). By 218 BC Roman conquest of Italy had been completed. Conquered territories were incorporated into the growing Roman state in a number of ways: land confiscations, establishment of coloniae, granting of full or partial Roman citizenship and military alliances with nominally independent states. The successful conquest of Italy gave Rome access to a manpower pool unrivalled by any contemporary state and paved the way to the eventual Roman domination of the entire Mediterranean world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Shadows in a Conflict", "paragraph_text": "Shadows in a Conflict () is a 1993 Spanish drama film directed by Mario Camus. It was entered into the 18th Moscow International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "János Hajnal", "paragraph_text": "In Italy his artistic career was mainly based on glass walls and mosaics. He was granted Italian citizenship in 1958 due to his artistic merits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "JCVD (film)", "paragraph_text": "JCVD is a 2008 Belgian crime drama film directed by French Tunisian film director Mabrouk el Mechri, and starring Jean-Claude van Damme as a semi-fictionalized version of himself, a down and out action star whose family and career are crumbling around him as he is caught in the middle of a post office heist in his hometown of Brussels, Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Saint Helena", "paragraph_text": "The citizens of Saint Helena hold British Overseas Territories citizenship. On 21 May 2002, full British citizenship was restored by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002. See also British nationality law.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo", "paragraph_text": "With the defeat of its army and the fall of its capital, Mexico entered into negotiations to end the war. The treaty called for the U.S. to pay US $15 million to Mexico and to pay off the claims of American citizens against Mexico up to US $5 million. It gave the United States the Rio Grande as a boundary for Texas, and gave the U.S. ownership of California and a large area comprising roughly half of New Mexico, most of Arizona, Nevada, and Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado. Mexicans in those annexed areas had the choice of relocating to within Mexico's new boundaries or receiving American citizenship with full civil rights.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation", "paragraph_text": "The Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (QEMF) is a Belgian non-profit organization, founded in 1926 by Elisabeth of Bavaria, wife of Albert I. She founded the organization, based on her experience with the wounded from the front-line during the First World War. The foundation wants to encourage laboratory research and contacts between researchers and clinical practitioners, with a particular focus on neurosciences. The QEMF supports seventeen university teams throughout Belgium.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Luca Ragazzi", "paragraph_text": "After studying Letters and Philosophy at Sapienza University in Rome, in 1996 Luca Ragazzi became a journalist and a film critic. In 1999, he entered a relationship with and started collaborating with Gustav Hofer as director and screenwriter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "I Know You're Married But I've Got Feelings Too", "paragraph_text": "I Know You're Married But I've Got Feelings Too is the second full-length album of Canadian-American singer-songwriter Martha Wainwright. It was released in Australia on May 10, 2008, with other countries to follow. The 14-track album features 12 original tracks and cover versions of Pink Floyd's \"See Emily Play\" and, as a bonus track in some countries, the Eurythmics' \"Love Is a Stranger\".", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 519437, "question": "Full Love >> screenwriter", "answer": "Jean-Claude Van Damme", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 570923, "question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "answer": "Belgium", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 833580, "question": "Albert I of #2 >> conflict", "answer": "the First World War", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 61459, "question": "when did italy enter #3", "answer": "1915", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Treaty", "paragraph_text": "Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss (\"on the one part\") and the EU and its member states (\"on the other part\"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then turned to that situation, where the Zunghars threatened to re-emerge, and to the southwest, where local Miao chieftains resisted Qing expansion. These campaigns drained the treasury but established the emperor's control of the military and military finance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with \"all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession\". Russia ceded some land in Bessarabia at the mouth of the Danube to Moldavia. By article IV The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia \"the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn, as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops\". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent. The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.:432–33", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the \"Wilsonian Armenia\" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Treaty of Sugauli", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Sugauli (also spelled Sugowlee, Sagauli and Segqulee), the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified by 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and King of Nepal following the Anglo - Nepalese War of 1814 - 16. The signatory for Nepal was Raj Guru Gajraj Mishra aided by Chandra Sekher Upadhayaya, the signatory for the Company was Lieutenant Colonel Paris Bradshaw. The treaty called for territorial concessions in which some of the territories controlled by Nepal would be given to British India, the establishment of a British representative in Kathmandu, and allowed Britain to recruit Gurkhas for military service. Nepal also lost the right to deploy any American or European employee in its service (earlier several French commanders had been deployed to train the Nepali army).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican - American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Treaty of Tordesillas", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Tordesillas (Portuguese: Tratado de Tordesilhas (tɾɐˈtaðu ðɨ tuɾðɨˈziʎɐʃ), Spanish: Tratado de Tordesillas (tɾaˈtaðo ðe toɾðeˈsiʎas)), signed at Tordesillas on June 7, 1494, and authenticated at Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Crown of Castile, along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa. This line of demarcation was about halfway between the Cape Verde islands (already Portuguese) and the islands entered by Christopher Columbus on his first voyage (claimed for Castile and León), named in the treaty as Cipangu and Antilia (Cuba and Hispaniola).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Lafayette C. Baker", "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Khabarovsky District", "paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Vatican City", "paragraph_text": "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Congress of Berlin", "paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Choysky District", "paragraph_text": "Choysky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Choya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 8,348, with the population of Choya accounting for 23.0% of that number.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Great Turkish War", "paragraph_text": "The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in a western European alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Verde Vallis", "paragraph_text": "Verde Vallis is an ancient river valley in the Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle on Mars. It is found in the Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle at 0.5° south latitude and 330.2° west longitude. It is named after a river in Arizona, USA.", "is_supporting": true } ]

[ { "id": 670964, "question": "Verde Vallis >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 516763, "question": "#3 >> military branch", "answer": "Union Army", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Stura Vallis", "paragraph_text": "Stura Vallis is an ancient river valley in the Elysium quadrangle of Mars, located at 22.9° north latitude and 217.6° west longitude. It is 75 km long and was named after a classical river east of Rome, Italy.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Great Turkish War", "paragraph_text": "The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in a western European alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with \"all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession\". Russia ceded some land in Bessarabia at the mouth of the Danube to Moldavia. By article IV The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia \"the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn, as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops\". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent. The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.:432–33", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican - American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on 30 April by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ``We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the \"Wilsonian Armenia\" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Congress of Berlin", "paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then turned to that situation, where the Zunghars threatened to re-emerge, and to the southwest, where local Miao chieftains resisted Qing expansion. These campaigns drained the treasury but established the emperor's control of the military and military finance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Prokhladnensky District", "paragraph_text": "Prokhladnensky District (; ; ) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Prokhladny (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,533.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Treaty", "paragraph_text": "Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss (\"on the one part\") and the EU and its member states (\"on the other part\"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "A dispute soon arose between Spain and the United States regarding the extent of Louisiana. The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor in the 1801 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Estonian language", "paragraph_text": "Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "Russia continued to see an opportunity to weaken British power by causing British Columbia, including the Royal Navy base at Esquimalt, to be surrounded or annexed by American territory. Following the Union victory in the civil war, the Tsar instructed the Russian minister to the United States, Eduard de Stoeckl, to re-enter into negotiations with William Seward in the beginning of March 1867. President Johnson was entangled in negotiations about Reconstruction and Seward had alienated a number of Republicans, so they believed that the purchase would help divert attention from the current domestic matters. The negotiations concluded after an all - night session with the signing of the treaty at 04: 00 on March 30, 1867, with the purchase price set at $7.2 million ($123 million today), or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74 / km).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Lafayette C. Baker", "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican -- American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Treaty of Sugauli", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Sugauli (also spelled Sugowlee, Sagauli and Segqulee), the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified by 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and King of Nepal following the Anglo - Nepalese War of 1814 - 16. The signatory for Nepal was Raj Guru Gajraj Mishra aided by Chandra Sekher Upadhayaya, the signatory for the Company was Lieutenant Colonel Paris Bradshaw. The treaty called for territorial concessions in which some of the territories controlled by Nepal would be given to British India, the establishment of a British representative in Kathmandu, and allowed Britain to recruit Gurkhas for military service. Nepal also lost the right to deploy any American or European employee in its service (earlier several French commanders had been deployed to train the Nepali army).", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 803353, "question": "Stura Vallis >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 516763, "question": "#3 >> military branch", "answer": "Union Army", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes", "paragraph_text": "The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is a valley within Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska which is filled with ash flow from the eruption of Novarupta on June 6–8, 1912. Following the eruption, thousands of fumaroles vented steam from the ash. Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916, gave the valley its name, saying that \"the whole valley as far as the eye could reach was full of hundreds, no thousands—literally, tens of thousands—of smokes curling up from its fissured floor.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Lafayette C. Baker", "paragraph_text": "Lafayette Curry Baker (October 13, 1826 – July 3, 1868) was a United States investigator and spy, serving the Union Army, during the American Civil War and under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Alaska Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Alaska Purchase (Russian: Продажа Аляски, tr. Prodazha Alyaski) was the United States' acquisition of Alaska from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, by a treaty ratified by the United States Senate, and signed by president Andrew Johnson.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Choysky District", "paragraph_text": "Choysky District (; ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a \"selo\") of Choya. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 8,348, with the population of Choya accounting for 23.0% of that number.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Armenia", "paragraph_text": "In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The violent conflict finally concluded with the Treaty of Alexandropol on 2 December 1920. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the \"Wilsonian Armenia\" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Simultaneously, the Soviet Eleventh Army, under the command of Grigoriy Ordzhonikidze, invaded Armenia at Karavansarai (present-day Ijevan) on 29 November. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Brest - Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria - Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest - Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was agreed upon by the Bolshevik government to stop further advances by German and Austro - Hungarian forces. According to the treaty, Soviet Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitments to the Triple Entente alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican - American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "First Anglo-Burmese War", "paragraph_text": "Sign a commercial treaty in due courseThe first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the British would not leave Yangon.The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by General Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war. The war was thus brought to an end, and the British army moved south. The British army remained in the territories surrendered to it under the treaty and in the territories such as the Rangoon area which were occupied for several years in the guarantee of the financial terms of the treaty.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Estonian language", "paragraph_text": "Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Louisiana Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Louisiana Purchase Treaty was signed on 30 April by Robert Livingston, James Monroe, and Barbé Marbois in Paris. Jefferson announced the treaty to the American people on July 4. After the signing of the Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this famous statement, ``We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our whole lives... From this day the United States take their place among the powers of the first rank. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Vatican City", "paragraph_text": "The name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Tyras Vallis", "paragraph_text": "Tyras Vallis is an ancient river valley in the Lunae Palus quadrangle of Mars. It is located at 8.4 N° and 50.2° W. It was named after a classical name for the present Dniester River (in Ukraine).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Great Turkish War", "paragraph_text": "The Great Turkish War () or the War of the Holy League () was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost large amounts of territory. It lost lands in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in a western European alliance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Congress of Berlin", "paragraph_text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro). It aimed at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Qing dynasty", "paragraph_text": "Yongzheng also inherited diplomatic and strategic problems. A team made up entirely of Manchus drew up the Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) to solidify the diplomatic understanding with Russia. In exchange for territory and trading rights, the Qing would have a free hand dealing with the situation in Mongolia. Yongzheng then turned to that situation, where the Zunghars threatened to re-emerge, and to the southwest, where local Miao chieftains resisted Qing expansion. These campaigns drained the treasury but established the emperor's control of the military and military finance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Gadsden Purchase", "paragraph_text": "The Gadsden Purchase (known in Mexico as Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla, ``Sale of La Mesilla '') is a 29,670 - square - mile (76,800 km) region of present - day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854, and then transmitted it to 14th President Franklin Pierce. Mexico's government and its General Congress or Congress of the Union took final approval action on June 8, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States. The U.S. sought the land as a better route for the construction of the southern transcontinental railway line, and the financially - strapped government of Antonio López de Santa Anna agreed to the sale, which netted Mexico $10 million (equivalent to $270 million in 2017). After the devastating loss of Mexican territory to the U.S. in the Mexican -- American War (1846 -- 48) and the continued filibustering by U.S. citizens, Santa Anna may have calculated it was better to yield territory by treaty and receive payment rather than have the territory simply seized by the U.S.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Crimean War", "paragraph_text": "Peace negotiations at the Congress of Paris resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 30 March 1856. In compliance with article III, Russia restored to the Ottoman Empire the city and citadel of Kars in common with \"all other parts of the Ottoman territory of which the Russian troop were in possession\". Russia ceded some land in Bessarabia at the mouth of the Danube to Moldavia. By article IV The United Kingdom, France, Sardinia and Turkey restored to Russia \"the towns and ports of Sevastopol, Balaklava, Kamish, Eupatoria, Kerch, Jenikale, Kinburn, as well as all other territories occupied by the allied troops\". In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea clauses weakened Russia, and it no longer posed a naval threat to the Ottomans. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were nominally returned to the Ottoman Empire; in practice they became independent. The Great Powers pledged to respect the independence and territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire.:432–33", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Treaty of Sugauli", "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Sugauli (also spelled Sugowlee, Sagauli and Segqulee), the treaty that established the boundary line of Nepal, was signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified by 4 March 1816 between the East India Company and King of Nepal following the Anglo - Nepalese War of 1814 - 16. The signatory for Nepal was Raj Guru Gajraj Mishra aided by Chandra Sekher Upadhayaya, the signatory for the Company was Lieutenant Colonel Paris Bradshaw. The treaty called for territorial concessions in which some of the territories controlled by Nepal would be given to British India, the establishment of a British representative in Kathmandu, and allowed Britain to recruit Gurkhas for military service. Nepal also lost the right to deploy any American or European employee in its service (earlier several French commanders had been deployed to train the Nepali army).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Treaty", "paragraph_text": "Bilateral treaties are concluded between two states or entities. It is possible, however, for a bilateral treaty to have more than two parties; consider for instance the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the European Union (EU) following the Swiss rejection of the European Economic Area agreement. Each of these treaties has seventeen parties. These however are still bilateral, not multilateral, treaties. The parties are divided into two groups, the Swiss (\"on the one part\") and the EU and its member states (\"on the other part\"). The treaty establishes rights and obligations between the Swiss and the EU and the member states severally—it does not establish any rights and obligations amongst the EU and its member states.[citation needed]", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Prokhladnensky District", "paragraph_text": "Prokhladnensky District (; ; ) is an administrative and a municipal district (raion), one of the ten in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Prokhladny (which is not administratively a part of the district). As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 45,533.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 228811, "question": "Tyras Vallis >> instance of", "answer": "valley", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 344284, "question": "#1 of Ten Thousand Smokes >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Alaska", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 86983, "question": "who signed the treaty to purchase #2 from russia", "answer": "Andrew Johnson", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 516763, "question": "#3 >> military branch", "answer": "Union Army", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "There are 32 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories. The UNESCO list contains one designated site in both England and Scotland (the Frontiers of the Roman Empire) plus eighteen exclusively in England, five in Scotland, three in Wales, one in Northern Ireland, and one in each of the overseas territories of Bermuda, Gibraltar, the Pitcairn Islands, and Saint Helena. The first sites in the UK to be inscribed on the World Heritage List were Giant's Causeway and Causeway Coast; Durham Castle and Cathedral; Ironbridge Gorge; Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey; Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites; and the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd in 1986. The latest site to be inscribed was the Jodrell Bank Observatory in England in July 2019.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Hạ Long Bay", "paragraph_text": "500 years ago, Nguyen Trai praised the beauty of Ha Long Bay in his verse Lộ nhập Vân Đồn, in which he called it ``rock wonder in the sky ''. In 1962, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of North Vietnam listed Ha Long Bay in the National Relics and Landscapes publication. In 1994, the core zone of Ha Long Bay was listed as a World Heritage Site according to Criterion VII, and listed for a second time according to Criterion VIII.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Residences of the Royal House of Savoy", "paragraph_text": "The Residences of the Royal House of Savoy are a group of buildings in Turin and the Metropolitan City of Turin, in Piedmont (northern Italy). It was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list in 1997.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Let's Get Out of This Country", "paragraph_text": "\"Pitchfork\" placed the album at 45 on its year-end list and at number 179 on their list of top 200 albums of the 2000s. \"PopMatters\" listed the album 60th on its list of the year's best albums, and it named \"Let's Get Out of This Country\" the second best indie pop album of the year. \"Stylus Magazine\" ranked the album 22 on its year-end list. In a retrospective of Merge Records, \"Paste\" named \"Let's Get Out of This Country\" the label's best 2006 release. \"Under the Radar\" ranked the album fourth in its list of the Best Albums of the Decade (2000–2009). \"Fact\" magazine listed the album at 93 on its 2000s list.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Tyre, Lebanon", "paragraph_text": "Tyre is an ancient Phoenician city and the legendary birthplace of Europa and Dido (Elissa). Today it is the fourth largest city in Lebanon after Beirut, Tripoli and Sidon. and houses one of the nation's major ports. Tourism is a major industry. The city has a number of ancient sites, including its Roman Hippodrome which was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1979.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Colin Bateman (footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Colin Bateman (born 22 October 1930 in Hemel Hempstead) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League as a full back for Watford. He joined the club from Hemel Hempstead in 1953 and made 50 league appearances between the 1954–55 and 1957–58 seasons, before returning to non-league football with Sittingbourne.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Shirakami-Sanchi", "paragraph_text": "Shirakami-Sanchi (白神山地) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Tōhoku region of northern Honshū, Japan. This mountainous area includes the last virgin forest of Siebold's beech which once covered most of northern Japan. The area straddles both Akita and Aomori Prefectures. Of the entire 1,300 square kilometres (500 sq mi), a tract covering 169.7169.7 square kilometres (65.5 sq mi) was included in the list of World Heritage Sites in 1993. Fauna found in the area includes Japanese black bear, the Japanese serow, Japanese macaque and 87 species of birds. The Shirakami-Sanchi was one of the first sites entered on the World Heritage List in Japan, along with Yakushima, Himeji Castle, and Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area in 1993. Permission is needed from Forest Management to enter the heart of the Shirakami-Sanchi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Old City (Jerusalem)", "paragraph_text": "In 1980, Jordan proposed that the Old City be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was added to the List in 1981. In 1982, Jordan requested that it be added to the List of World Heritage in Danger. The United States government opposed the request, noting that the Jordanian government had no standing to make such a nomination and that the consent of the Israeli government would be required since it effectively controlled Jerusalem. In 2011, UNESCO issued a statement reiterating its view that East Jerusalem is \"part of the occupied Palestinian territory, and that the status of Jerusalem must be resolved in permanent status negotiations.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Sibiloi National Park", "paragraph_text": "Sibiloi National Park lies on the northeastern shore of Lake Turkana in northern Kenya. Established in 1973 by the government of Kenya for the protection of wildlife and palaeontological sites there, it covers 1570 km² and is internationally known for its fossils. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997 as a part of Lake Turkana National Parks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Abbot's Hill School", "paragraph_text": "Abbot's Hill School is an independent day school for girls aged 4–16 years and a day nursery and pre-school for girls and boys from 6 months in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Budești Josani church", "paragraph_text": "The church of Saint Nicholas in Budești Josani (\"Lower Budești\") in the village of Budeşti in the region of Maramureș, Cosău valley in Romania is representative of the characteristic wooden churches of Maramureș with double eaves. It is one of eight wooden churches of Maramureș that UNESCO has listed as a World Heritage Site.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "List of World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic", "paragraph_text": "With the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on January 1, 1993, the country was split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Either party sought to honour treaty obligations signed by Czechoslovakia including the World Heritage convention. The Czech Republic officially succeeded the convention on March 26, 1993 (five days before Slovakia), inheriting these three sites. More sites were added in the years 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2003. As of July 2014, the Czech Republic has 12 total sites inscribed on the list. All of these sites are of the cultural type and none of them is shared with other countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Walls of Jerusalem", "paragraph_text": "In 1981, the Jerusalem walls were added, along with the Old City of Jerusalem, to the UNESCO World Heritage Site List.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Eshkiolmes Petroglyphs", "paragraph_text": "The Petroglyphs of Eshkiolmes are located throughout the Eshkiolmes mountain range in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. The area is being considered for inscription on the World Heritage list of sites who have \"outstanding universal value\" to the world.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Axis, Alabama", "paragraph_text": "Axis is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. It has a post office with the 36505 ZIP code. The community has one site listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage, the Kirk House.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Sydney Opera House", "paragraph_text": "On 28 June 2007, the Sydney Opera House became a UNESCO World Heritage Site; having been listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate since 1980, the National Trust of Australia register since 1983, the City of Sydney Heritage Inventory since 2000, the New South Wales State Heritage Register since 2003, and the Australian National Heritage List since 2005.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra", "paragraph_text": "The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra site was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2004. It comprises three Indonesian national parks on the island of Sumatra: Gunung Leuser National Park, Kerinci Seblat National Park and the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. The site is listed under Criteria vii - outstanding scenic beauty; ix- an outstanding example representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes; and x- contains the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation. The Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra has been placed on the Danger List since 2011 to help overcome threats posed by poaching, illegal logging, agricultural encroachment, and plans to build roads through the site.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Eddie & the Gang with No Name", "paragraph_text": "The Eddie & the Gang with No Name series is a trilogy of young-adult novels, written by Northern Irish author Colin Bateman. The trilogy surrounds a twelve-year-old Eddie and his affiliation with a local gang, the \"Reservoir Pups\". The trilogy was bought by the publisher Random House for release in America. However, given the drug-related content in the third installment of the series, Random House decided to publish only the first two novels.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "List of World Heritage Sites in Portugal", "paragraph_text": "The UNESCO World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Portugal adopted the convention on 30 September 1980, making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Chunchula, Alabama", "paragraph_text": "Chunchula is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 210. It has a post office with the 36521 ZIP code. The community has one site listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage, the Chunchula School.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 495205, "question": "Eddie & the Gang with No Name >> author", "answer": "Colin Bateman", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 206801, "question": "#1 >> place of birth", "answer": "Hemel Hempstead", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 524406, "question": "#2 >> country", "answer": "United Kingdom", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 670567, "question": "list of World Heritage Sites in #3 >> is a list of", "answer": "UNESCO World Heritage Site", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

[ "World Heritage Site", "World heritage site", "World Heritage List" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Cycle of Violence", "paragraph_text": "Cycle of Violence, also known as Crossmaheart, is the first stand-alone novel by Northern Irish author, Colin Bateman, released on 13 November 1995 through HarperCollins. The novel follows a journalist named Miller and his appointment in the hostile town of Crossmaheart; it was well received by reviewers. A movie adaptation has been made, named \"Crossmaheart\" also, and was featured in a number of film festivals.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "List of World Heritage Sites in Peru", "paragraph_text": "The first sites within Peru were inscribed on the list at the 7th Session of the World Heritage Committee, held in Florence, Italy in 1983: ``City of Cuzco ''and the`` Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu''. As of 2010, Peru has 11 sites on the World Heritage List. Seven are listed as cultural sites, two as natural, and two as mixed, meeting both cultural and natural selection criteria, as determined by the organization's selection criteria. Only six of Peru's twenty - five regions are represented, with Ancash, Cuzco, and Lima regions each containing multiple sites.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Shirakami-Sanchi", "paragraph_text": "Shirakami-Sanchi (白神山地) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Tōhoku region of northern Honshū, Japan. This mountainous area includes the last virgin forest of Siebold's beech which once covered most of northern Japan. The area straddles both Akita and Aomori Prefectures. Of the entire 1,300 square kilometres (500 sq mi), a tract covering 169.7169.7 square kilometres (65.5 sq mi) was included in the list of World Heritage Sites in 1993. Fauna found in the area includes Japanese black bear, the Japanese serow, Japanese macaque and 87 species of birds. The Shirakami-Sanchi was one of the first sites entered on the World Heritage List in Japan, along with Yakushima, Himeji Castle, and Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area in 1993. Permission is needed from Forest Management to enter the heart of the Shirakami-Sanchi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Colin Bateman (footballer)", "paragraph_text": "Colin Bateman (born 22 October 1930 in Hemel Hempstead) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League as a full back for Watford. He joined the club from Hemel Hempstead in 1953 and made 50 league appearances between the 1954–55 and 1957–58 seasons, before returning to non-league football with Sittingbourne.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "List of World Heritage Sites in China", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in China. China has 55, ranking top in the world. China ratified The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage on 12 December 1985. These sites comprise some of the most essential part of China's valuable and rich tourism resources.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Sydney Opera House", "paragraph_text": "On 28 June 2007, the Sydney Opera House became a UNESCO World Heritage Site; having been listed on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate since 1980, the National Trust of Australia register since 1983, the City of Sydney Heritage Inventory since 2000, the New South Wales State Heritage Register since 2003, and the Australian National Heritage List since 2005.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Chunchula, Alabama", "paragraph_text": "Chunchula is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 210. It has a post office with the 36521 ZIP code. The community has one site listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage, the Chunchula School.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom", "paragraph_text": "There are 32 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories. The UNESCO list contains one designated site in both England and Scotland (the Frontiers of the Roman Empire) plus eighteen exclusively in England, five in Scotland, three in Wales, one in Northern Ireland, and one in each of the overseas territories of Bermuda, Gibraltar, the Pitcairn Islands, and Saint Helena. The first sites in the UK to be inscribed on the World Heritage List were Giant's Causeway and Causeway Coast; Durham Castle and Cathedral; Ironbridge Gorge; Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey; Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites; and the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd in 1986. The latest site to be inscribed was the Jodrell Bank Observatory in England in July 2019.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Tyre, Lebanon", "paragraph_text": "Tyre is an ancient Phoenician city and the legendary birthplace of Europa and Dido (Elissa). Today it is the fourth largest city in Lebanon after Beirut, Tripoli and Sidon. and houses one of the nation's major ports. Tourism is a major industry. The city has a number of ancient sites, including its Roman Hippodrome which was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1979.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Axis, Alabama", "paragraph_text": "Axis is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. It has a post office with the 36505 ZIP code. The community has one site listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage, the Kirk House.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Budești Josani church", "paragraph_text": "The church of Saint Nicholas in Budești Josani (\"Lower Budești\") in the village of Budeşti in the region of Maramureș, Cosău valley in Romania is representative of the characteristic wooden churches of Maramureș with double eaves. It is one of eight wooden churches of Maramureș that UNESCO has listed as a World Heritage Site.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Hạ Long Bay", "paragraph_text": "500 years ago, Nguyen Trai praised the beauty of Ha Long Bay in his verse Lộ nhập Vân Đồn, in which he called it ``rock wonder in the sky ''. In 1962, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of North Vietnam listed Ha Long Bay in the National Relics and Landscapes publication. In 1994, the core zone of Ha Long Bay was listed as a World Heritage Site according to Criterion VII, and listed for a second time according to Criterion VIII.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "List of World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic", "paragraph_text": "With the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on January 1, 1993, the country was split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Either party sought to honour treaty obligations signed by Czechoslovakia including the World Heritage convention. The Czech Republic officially succeeded the convention on March 26, 1993 (five days before Slovakia), inheriting these three sites. More sites were added in the years 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2003. As of July 2014, the Czech Republic has 12 total sites inscribed on the list. All of these sites are of the cultural type and none of them is shared with other countries.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Residences of the Royal House of Savoy", "paragraph_text": "The Residences of the Royal House of Savoy are a group of buildings in Turin and the Metropolitan City of Turin, in Piedmont (northern Italy). It was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list in 1997.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi", "paragraph_text": "Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land is a grouping of five sites from late eleventh- and twelfth-century Hiraizumi, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. The serial nomination was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2011, under criteria ii and vi.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Old City (Jerusalem)", "paragraph_text": "In 1980, Jordan proposed that the Old City be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was added to the List in 1981. In 1982, Jordan requested that it be added to the List of World Heritage in Danger. The United States government opposed the request, noting that the Jordanian government had no standing to make such a nomination and that the consent of the Israeli government would be required since it effectively controlled Jerusalem. In 2011, UNESCO issued a statement reiterating its view that East Jerusalem is \"part of the occupied Palestinian territory, and that the status of Jerusalem must be resolved in permanent status negotiations.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Sibiloi National Park", "paragraph_text": "Sibiloi National Park lies on the northeastern shore of Lake Turkana in northern Kenya. Established in 1973 by the government of Kenya for the protection of wildlife and palaeontological sites there, it covers 1570 km² and is internationally known for its fossils. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997 as a part of Lake Turkana National Parks.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Hawf District", "paragraph_text": "Hawf District is a district of the Al Mahrah Governorate, Yemen. As of 2003, the district had a population of 5143 inhabitants. The Hawf Area was nomination to be a natural UNESCO World Heritage Site in August 2002. Current the status is listed as tentatively approved.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Abbot's Hill School", "paragraph_text": "Abbot's Hill School is an independent day school for girls aged 4–16 years and a day nursery and pre-school for girls and boys from 6 months in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire in the United Kingdom.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Walls of Jerusalem", "paragraph_text": "In 1981, the Jerusalem walls were added, along with the Old City of Jerusalem, to the UNESCO World Heritage Site List.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 853032, "question": "Cycle of Violence >> author", "answer": "Colin Bateman", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 206801, "question": "#1 >> place of birth", "answer": "Hemel Hempstead", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 524406, "question": "#2 >> country", "answer": "United Kingdom", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 670567, "question": "list of World Heritage Sites in #3 >> is a list of", "answer": "UNESCO World Heritage Site", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]

[ "World Heritage Site", "World heritage site", "World Heritage List" ]