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1oy5tc
in football whats the point of wasting the first two plays with a rush - up the middle - not regular rush plays i get those
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ccwtgnz", "ccwtmho", "ccwt946", "ccwvj0u" ], "text": [ "Keep the defense honest, get a feel for the pass rush, open up the passing game. An offense that's too one dimensional will fail. And those rushes up the middle can be busted wide open sometimes for big yardage.", "If you throw the ball all the time, then the defense will adapt to always cover for a pass. By doing a simple running play every now and then, you force the defense to stay close and guard against the run. Sometimes, the offense can catch the defense off guard by faking a run and freeing up their receivers.\n\nAlso, you don't have to gain massive yards on every single play. Sometimes, it works best to gain a few yards at a time. As long as you get the first down, you are in good shape.", "In most cases the O-Line is supposed to make a hole for the running back to go through. If you run too many plays to the outside/throws the defense will catch on.\n\nAlso, 2 5 yard plays gets you a new set of downs.", "I you don't like those type of plays, watch CFL. We only get 3 downs so you can't afford to waste one. Lots more passing." ], "score": [ 3, 2, 2, 2 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
in football whats the point of wasting the first two plays with a rush - up the middle - not regular rush plays i get those
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2lojul
Why are different tiers (regular < mid < premium) of gas' prices almost always 10 cents different?
I've noticed that the difference in price between regular gas and midrange, and between midrange and premium, is almost always 10 cents. This seems to hold true no matter what the price for regular gas. This doesn't seem to make sense, as the difference between $2 and $2.10 and the difference between $4 and $4.10 /gal are proportionally very different. Is this just an arbitrary convention that undermines arguments of a rational basis for gasoline prices?
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "clwqgxl", "clwqpjq", "clwuh3s" ], "text": [ "As someone who uses quality Premium, I wish this was true.", "The difference is in how it burns though is what's critical for you as the end consumer. I drive a forced induction car, so air coming into my engine is compressed before it enters the cylinder where it's further compressed by the piston. The Regular, Mid, and Premium gas are rated by octane, which in the shortest definition is how well it resists ignition, meaning higher octane fuel won't ignite from high pressure or heat, until the spark plug fires. Now that being said, you can look at as a price gouge, as it's not too hard to make higher octane gas, but cars that need it are typically sports cars as their engines run hotter, higher compression, and forced induction. Tying it back into what I said in the beginning, since I drive a forced induction sports car I have to run premium, and gas stations/companies know people like me are going to shut up and pay the extra 30 cents a gallon to protect our engines from lower octane gas detonating in the engine.", "> Is this just an arbitrary convention that undermines arguments of a rational basis for gasoline prices? \n\nYou already know the answer." ], "score": [ 14, 5, 3 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
Why are different tiers (regular < mid < premium) of gas' prices almost always 10 cents different? I've noticed that the difference in price between regular gas and midrange, and between midrange and premium, is almost always 10 cents. This seems to hold true no matter what the price for regular gas. This doesn't seem to make sense, as the difference between $2 and $2.10 and the difference between $4 and $4.10 /gal are proportionally very different. Is this just an arbitrary convention that undermines arguments of a rational basis for gasoline prices?
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8v5e3s
Stars and Visibility
Why do stars in the night's sky seem to disappear when I look directly at them but seem more visible when I look at an adjacent star. Is it like an optical illusion where my brain 'fills' the star with the surrounding darkness?
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "e1kpw6u" ], "text": [ "It's a quirk of the human eye. At the center of the eye (the fovea) we mostly have colour-sensitive cone cells to see detail and colour of what we're focusing on. Around the fovea we mostly have rod cells that can't see colour but are more sensitive to variations in light intensity and movement. \nLooking slightly to the side of the thing you're examining sends more of the light to the rod cells and lets you see things more clearly in low-light conditions where cones don't work well." ], "score": [ 8 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
Stars and Visibility Why do stars in the night's sky seem to disappear when I look directly at them but seem more visible when I look at an adjacent star. Is it like an optical illusion where my brain 'fills' the star with the surrounding darkness?
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1v3wij
How do we know all the money the government is getting from bank settlements is going back to the people?
We hear about these large billion dollar bank settlements, but I don't hear anything about where this money goes. Is where this money goes going to be made public, each penny spent? Is a large percentage of money going to lawyers or is the government handling the legal cases? JPMorgan Chase’s record $13 billion mortgage settlement in November. This article that estimates $50 billion: _URL_0_;
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "ceohakd", "ceoikhs", "ceoji15", "ceoj882", "ceonmue", "ceokqcq" ], "text": [ "I'm pretty confident most of it isn't going back to the people. That's how politics works.", "It's not. Punitive damages are like parking tickets. It is a fine you pay to the government.", "> but I don't hear anything about where this money goes\n\nThe details of the various settlements differ. Some of it goes to a specific prosecutors office or justice department as part of ongoing operating revenue and costs, some of it lands back in Treasury, some of it can end up in victim compensation funds, some of it is costs incurred by the bank to do something that complies with the new rules (e.g. setting up new loans with new terms or something). \n\nWhenever it ends up back in treasury there's nothing to say, it's an irrelevantly small amount of money to the federal government. \n\nThe Bernie Madoff related stuff is going to include payments to people who lost money from that, probably through some complex legal proceeding there. \n\n_URL_0_\n\nHas a (very rough) breakdown of the 13 billion dollar settlement for example.", "In almost all the class action lawsuits a large majority of the settlement goes towards legal fees/costs etc...It would be interesting to request a freedom of information act and ask to see the canceled check from JP MOrgan to \"United States Treasury\" for the 13Bil.", "It doesn't matter that it's \"not technically\" going back to the people. It increases the government's spending budget so the taxes they would need to collect would theoretically be less.\n\nTheoretically..", "you might ask the same question about income tax." ], "score": [ 9, 5, 3, 2, 2, 2 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [ "http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/01/09/wall-street-predicts-50-billion-bill-to-settle-u-s-mortgage-suits/?_r=1&amp" ] }
{ "url": [ "http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/20/us-jpmorgan-settlement-idUSBRE9AI0OA20131120" ] }
train_eli5
How do we know all the money the government is getting from bank settlements is going back to the people? We hear about these large billion dollar bank settlements, but I don't hear anything about where this money goes. Is where this money goes going to be made public, each penny spent? Is a large percentage of money going to lawyers or is the government handling the legal cases? JPMorgan Chase’s record $13 billion mortgage settlement in November. This article that estimates $50 billion: _URL_0_;
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2jlp6f
What are good and bad sides of manual and automatic drive gear?
Please consider I'm not a driver. Automatic seems cool, doing most of your job for you, but manual drive gears exist and are very common, so there must be something they are better at. What is that?
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "clcur3j" ], "text": [ "Automatics weigh more, so that alone makes gas mileage worse. They are also more complicated, so that means reliability is going to be lower. It is easier to operate, which may free up your attention for focus on what is *outside* the car.\n\nSome people derive satisfaction from shifting, and flexibility in using the power curve." ], "score": [ 4 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
What are good and bad sides of manual and automatic drive gear? Please consider I'm not a driver. Automatic seems cool, doing most of your job for you, but manual drive gears exist and are very common, so there must be something they are better at. What is that?
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2reick
the special and general theory of relativity
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "cnf4qwn" ], "text": [ "We know that light moves at the speed *c* (roughly 300000km/s).\n\nSo here's a question for you (that Einstein asked himself): what would you see if you sat on a beam of light and looked into the mirror? Would your reflection disappear? Would it be normal?\n\nHe then thought: what's the speed of light relative to anyway?\n\nHere's the thing: if I run 10m/s, and I'm on a train going at 100m/s, then when I run along the train I'm running 10m/s relative to the train, and 110m/s relative to the tracks. So what is the speed of light relative to?\n\nIn his earlier career he did some experiments [EDIT: He didn't: it was Michelson and Morley, but Einstein knew about the results, and everything. Thanks /u/AramisAthosPorthos for pointing that out.]: can you tell which way the Earth is moving by looking at light inside a sealed box? If the speed of light is measured compared to something in the universe (which they called a luminiferous aether, IIRC) then you should be able to measure it, by seeing that the light hits one side of the box earlier, because the box is moving.\n\nBut there was no change, so Einstein realised that the speed of light isn't relative to anything. No matter what speed you're going at, you must always get the same speed of light.\n\nThis led to the special theory of relativity. He basically said \"what if time is variable and the speed of light is constant?\" and did all the maths to figure out what would happen. It's called \"special relativity\" because it only works in a special case: there is no mass (which causes forces) in it.\n\nGeneral relativity involved a lot more complicated maths to take into account the affects of gravity, which he modelled as a warping of space-time, and took some really, really hard maths to figure out. It's called general relativity because it can be applied to generally any situation. (Actually, it breaks down at quantum-mechanics levels, but that's a different story.)\n\nI think that covers the difference and where they came from. If you want any more details on them, feel free to ask and I'll see what I can get for you." ], "score": [ 2 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
the special and general theory of relativity
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6frazv
How do muscles grow?
I've been working out lately, I want to know what happens when my muscles get bigger? How are they getting bigger?
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "dikdx1v", "dikdvrt" ], "text": [ "I hope this answer qualifies as technical, yet simple enough (as I very rarely post here), but the basic idea that I understand is that your muscles rip and tear on a microscopic level when you are working out, and the harder you push those muscles, the more they rip. Hence where the idea comes from that more reps and less weight equal more tone, but more weight and less reps equal more muscle growth.\n\nWhat happens is that following those tiny rips and tears, your muscle heals over itself and essentially stacks on top of itself, healing bigger and stronger than before. The more those muscles are used, kept active and challenged, the more they will continue to build and grow over time.\n\nOther factors go into the growth of muscle as well, such as your nutrition. Protein, fats, etc. also play a factor, as they cause your body to \"feed\" your body and muscles in different ways of varying effectiveness - but I think that's an ELI5 for another day.", "The enlargement of muscles, known as hypertrophy, is essentially the tearing of muscle fibers being put back together by larger muscle fibers." ], "score": [ 6, 2 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
How do muscles grow? I've been working out lately, I want to know what happens when my muscles get bigger? How are they getting bigger?
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2nud6o
What is the role of actual real-life actors in making animated characters? Like Liam Neeson playing Aslan in Narnia?
Likewise Kelly MacDonald playing Merida
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "cmgxret", "cmh0vhr" ], "text": [ "Could you elaborate your question?\n\nThey are voice actors. They sit in a studio and record their lines. The animators then animate the characters to match the recordings.\n\nThere are some cases (for example Andy Serkis as Gollum in the Lord of the Rings film series) where the voice actors also provides the motions of the character using motion capture technology.", "For strictly voice-acting: To draw fans \n \nMotion-capture is another story though, such as Andy Serkis in all his roles and Benedict Cumberbatch as Smaug." ], "score": [ 2, 2 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
What is the role of actual real-life actors in making animated characters? Like Liam Neeson playing Aslan in Narnia? Likewise Kelly MacDonald playing Merida
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2901pg
Why does the water from my kitchen faucet taste different than the water from my bathroom faucet? Doesn't it come from the same place?
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "cig48r1" ], "text": [ "Yes, but the pipes going to one place could have a build up that's changing the taste or the composition of the pipes can be different, i.e. pvc pipes going to your kitchen, but copper pipes to your bathroom." ], "score": [ 7 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
Why does the water from my kitchen faucet taste different than the water from my bathroom faucet? Doesn't it come from the same place?
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35s621
Precipitation reactions
I have a project tomorrow where I have to explain this to 2nd graders, and I'm having trouble thinking of ways to explain it. Help?
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "cr7d1sf" ], "text": [ "Why the hell would you need to learn about precipitation rxns in second grade??? I was taught that in the seventh grade IIRC... Please tell me 2nd was a typo???\n\nThe principles are pretty advanced for second graders... \n\nHave you talked about elements and compounds, solutions, solubility?\n\nYou need to be able to talk about solubility before you can actually talk about precipitation reactions, since that is the basic principle. \n\nI am not sure that is something that can be taught to 2nd graders.... \n\nI just asked my mom who teaches 7th grade science... Her students have a hard time learning this in 7th grade, she laughed when I told her about your question. Good luck" ], "score": [ 2 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
Precipitation reactions I have a project tomorrow where I have to explain this to 2nd graders, and I'm having trouble thinking of ways to explain it. Help?
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29dzii
If dark colours absorb more heat, why does light skin burn easier than dark skin?
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "cik0j0l", "cijztk9" ], "text": [ "Two things going on here. First, heat doesn't have anything to do with sunburn, it's all about UV rays. Encountering more UV rays = more sunburn.\n\nHowever, dark skin absorbs more UV rays than pale skin. And in fact that's exactly why it burns less. The pigmented layer absorbs more UV in the upper layers of the skin, shading the cells underneath from UV and preventing burns (because it's the lower, reproducing cells that matter, the upper ones are disposable protection). Just like sitting outside under an opaque black umbrella would shade you more than sitting outside under a translucent white one.", "In dark skin, there's a a pigment called melanin that absorbs the UV rays (heat has nothing to do with sun burn). In light skin, there is much less melanin, so the UV rays just directly damage the cells because there's nothing else to absorb the rays.." ], "score": [ 12, 3 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
If dark colours absorb more heat, why does light skin burn easier than dark skin?
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3il3tz
How the fuck does Facebook know about people I know?!
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "cuhc07y", "cuhdzlq", "cuhd9hk" ], "text": [ "Your email contacts, your academic/work institutions info you've put, and the friends of your friends.", "Piggyback question (more an example): \n\nI had a fb acct that only had ~30 people on it. I just used it for work and didn't have any other fb accts. I didn't personally add any address info to that acct, I don't think I provided any info beyond what was required to activate the acct. \n\nWe had a new apartment manager who called me one day from the leasing office land line and I received 1 email from her that was to an email address not associated with my fb acct. Very shortly after these 2 times she contacted me, she showed up on \"people I may know.\" \n\nHow the hell? I immediately deleted that account, which I didn't really use or want anyway. It creeped me the fuck out because I assumed it was due to some weird permission I granted when agreeing to the terms. I've always been curious about what happened there. \n\n**Edit to add that she wasn't friends with anyone else on my page because she was a brand new apartment manager and this was strictly a work acct.", "Some speculation and good answers in a thread about this a few months ago. \n\n_URL_0_\n\nThink of it this way. It isn't as much about FB knowing who you know, but Facebook already knowing who your friends know. Every data point you give them is another source for them to measure against how you fit into that web." ], "score": [ 4, 2, 2 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [ "https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/306gk3/eli5_just_signed_up_for_facebook_with_a_rarely/" ] }
train_eli5
How the fuck does Facebook know about people I know?!
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5qpbf2
Why is chickenpox worse as an adult?
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "dd19lhq" ], "text": [ "It's mostly due to the difference in immune system between a child and an adult. A primary varicella zoster infection (chickenpox) in adulthood is indeed associated with increased risk of complications. Most of these complications are due to the intense response by the adult immune system that comes into contact with the virus for the first time. Children have less active immune systems, but usually active enough to clear the virus - making them immune to it thereafter, and are therefore less likely to develop complications with this particular infection. The same goes to hepatitis A: adults develop jaundice, while children are asymptomatic. \n\nNote: a secondary varicella zoster infection during adulthood is called \"shingles\" and is generally less dangerous than a primary varicella during adulthood, due to the immunity that is already present at the time of the second infection." ], "score": [ 19 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
Why is chickenpox worse as an adult?
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6rand9
How do movies not get uploaded online in HD from movie theater employees before their DVD release?
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "dl3lw19", "dl3ns0o" ], "text": [ "The theater will be fined a massive amount of money for allowing a leak, the person leaking it will be fined a massive amount of money for uploading it, and they automatically lose their job. This is a combination of copyright law violation and contracts that you sign when taking the job. So the risk are so extremely high that most will not risk it. \n\nThey also have security features such as login codes to open, proprietary file types that need special programs to play, and the rooms operating the projector system requiring special key access at times.", "The movies are shipped to the theaters in special hard drive enclosures that are tamper-proof and force every access to be logged. The film itself is encrypted in a way that's tied to specific projectors.\n\nIt's not like you can just copy a file over - they've thought this shit through thoroughly and any theater that tries to break the security will get sued to hell and back **and** never get another movie again." ], "score": [ 7, 3 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
How do movies not get uploaded online in HD from movie theater employees before their DVD release?
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5oqclk
Can defense attorneys 'throw' a case if they know their clients are guilty?
[deleted]
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "dcl7dey", "dcl7b6t" ], "text": [ "Yes, they could 'throw' a case.\n\nHowever, that's a serious ethics violation which would almost certainly cause disbarment if found out, and not only that, the conviction could then be appealed based on ineffective assistance of counsel (embodied in the 6th amendment).\n\nIf it makes it easier to wrap your head around, think of defense lawyers defending the integrity of the judicial system, not just their client. The idea being, the system must obey all of its own rules in proving that someone is guilty, or else it's a dishonest system and could easily \"prove\" that an innocent person is guilty next time. Defense lawyers are there to help ensure the system stays honest.", "That would be unethical. In our society, even the guilty are given competent representation. What they can do is seriously suggest that the person take a plea deal. Part of the process requires a good defense or the conviction can be overturned on appeal." ], "score": [ 5, 2 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
Can defense attorneys 'throw' a case if they know their clients are guilty? [deleted]
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3q3tlo
why, when intoxicated, does it feel like everything is spinning when you close your eyes but stops spinning when you open them?
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "cwbszgz", "cwbxc5v" ], "text": [ "the fluid in your inner ear keeps you orientated and standing upwards, although when your drunk certain functions in your brain don't work as well or as they are meant to. So if you've had a bit too much to drink, your brain might not be able to tell which way is up and which way is down if your inner ears are miscommunicating with your brain. So that's why when you close your eyes it feels like you're falling off the face of the world.", "Your sensitive inner-ears get affected more-easily, and tell you that you are spinning. But your eyes--while they're open--tell you that you're not.\n\nUnless you get drunker, your brain decides to trust your eyes more." ], "score": [ 3, 2 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
why, when intoxicated, does it feel like everything is spinning when you close your eyes but stops spinning when you open them?
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5z4197
Why are some fish bones edible, and others are not?
[removed]
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "dev3qcj" ], "text": [ "They are small and soft so it does not matter if you swallow them, bigger and harder bones might get stuck in your throat and couse pain" ], "score": [ 3 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
Why are some fish bones edible, and others are not? [removed]
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4ykwmb
What's the meaning of the phrase "I've got a bone to pick with you."
[removed]
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "d6ohwfi", "d6ohbmd" ], "text": [ "If you have a bone to pick with someone, it means they've annoyed or insulted you and you need to talk to them about it.\n\nAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary (via a thread in /r/etymology) \"a bone to pick\" originally meant something that occupies or distracts you (as a dog is occupied by picking at a bone) and somehow morphed into its modern meaning.", "It's similar to \"I am upset with you about something and want to discuss it\". Depending on the tone of the conversation it might indicate somebody is really really mad at you about something, or just that they have a minor problem they want to talk about, so context is important." ], "score": [ 7, 3 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
What's the meaning of the phrase "I've got a bone to pick with you." [removed]
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2gzadi
What is different in the brain chemistry that distinguishes thinking about moving my arm and actually moving it?
You can say in your head "I'm going to move my arm", but not actually move it. You can also say "I'm not going to move my arm" and move it. Or vice versa. What goes on that allows this? What clicks when you actually want to move a body part vs just pretending you want to? Hope this isn't too confusing, but always wondered.
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "cknuwvx" ], "text": [ "Thought and motor cortex are separate. So you can think without acting." ], "score": [ 2 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
What is different in the brain chemistry that distinguishes thinking about moving my arm and actually moving it? You can say in your head "I'm going to move my arm", but not actually move it. You can also say "I'm not going to move my arm" and move it. Or vice versa. What goes on that allows this? What clicks when you actually want to move a body part vs just pretending you want to? Hope this isn't too confusing, but always wondered.
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6nu1zv
Why can't we just taste candy or Sweets and then spit it out to avoid its unhealthy attributes? What makes us swallow it to get satisfaction?
[deleted]
explainlikeimfive
{ "a_id": [ "dkc6wzm" ], "text": [ "You absolutely could. \n\nBut the fact is that evolution shaped our tastes. That's why fatty foods and sweet foods are so appealing to out taste buds. It is our bodies way of saying \"That has lots of calories and will help us avoid starving.\"\n\nThe 'satisfaction' you feel on swallowing it is simply the body saying \"Good job. Remember that tastes good so we will eat it again if we find it again.\" Rewarding you for fueling it. \n\nYou can see why this system that evolved when we were hunter gatherers to keep us from starving and helping us learn whats best to eat leads to obesity now that we have food options everywhere anytime we want. \n\nFun fact: Most people mistake the bodies thirst craving for being hungry. More often than not if you drink a glass of water when you feel the urge to snack it will go away. Thus helping you lose weight by reducing total calorie intake." ], "score": [ 9 ] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
{ "url": [] }
train_eli5
Why can't we just taste candy or Sweets and then spit it out to avoid its unhealthy attributes? What makes us swallow it to get satisfaction? [deleted]
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