Dataset Viewer
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In the 2021 IPCC Working Group I report, what single number (in W m⁻²) is given as the best-estimate net effective radiative forcing due to human activities for the year 2019 relative to 1750?
|
2.83 W m⁻²
|
2.72
|
[
{
"content": "In the 2021 IPCC Working Group I report, what single number (in W m⁻²) is given as the best-estimate net effective radiative forcing due to human activities for the year 2019 relative to 1750?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "2.83 W m⁻²",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In the 2021 IPCC Working Group I report, what single number (in W m⁻²) is given as the best-estimate net effective radiative forcing due to human activities for the year 2019 relative to 1750?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "2.72",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
3,
3
] |
In the 2014 English National Curriculum for Key Stage 3 Computing, what single word is used to describe the requirement that pupils “understand several key algorithms that reflect computational thinking […] such as ones for sorting and searching”?
|
Knowledge
|
algorithms
|
[
{
"content": "In the 2014 English National Curriculum for Key Stage 3 Computing, what single word is used to describe the requirement that pupils “understand several key algorithms that reflect computational thinking […] such as ones for sorting and searching”?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Knowledge",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In the 2014 English National Curriculum for Key Stage 3 Computing, what single word is used to describe the requirement that pupils “understand several key algorithms that reflect computational thinking […] such as ones for sorting and searching”?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "algorithms",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-120
|
kimi
|
[
2,
2,
2
] |
Which 8th-century Japanese gilt-bronze statue that the Nara National Museum catalogued under accession number 870 (1964 catalog) depicts Yakushi Nyorai holding a medicine jar in his left hand rather than the more common right-hand placement, and what is the single kanji character incised inside the hollow base that the curator used to confirm the statue’s pre-Meiji date?
|
Not possible to answer
|
Not possible to answer
|
[
{
"content": "Which 8th-century Japanese gilt-bronze statue that the Nara National Museum catalogued under accession number 870 (1964 catalog) depicts Yakushi Nyorai holding a medicine jar in his left hand rather than the more common right-hand placement, and what is the single kanji character incised inside the hollow base that the curator used to confirm the statue’s pre-Meiji date?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which 8th-century Japanese gilt-bronze statue that the Nara National Museum catalogued under accession number 870 (1964 catalog) depicts Yakushi Nyorai holding a medicine jar in his left hand rather than the more common right-hand placement, and what is the single kanji character incised inside the hollow base that the curator used to confirm the statue’s pre-Meiji date?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-120
|
kimi
|
[
2,
-1,
2
] |
In 2022, the IUCN down-listed which African antelope from Endangered to Vulnerable after a 2021 census showed its only viable sub-population had grown from 2,000 to 4,200 individuals in Niger’s Termit & Tin-Toumma National Nature Reserve?
|
Addax (Addax nasomaculatus)
|
Addax
|
[
{
"content": "In 2022, the IUCN down-listed which African antelope from Endangered to Vulnerable after a 2021 census showed its only viable sub-population had grown from 2,000 to 4,200 individuals in Niger’s Termit & Tin-Toumma National Nature Reserve?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Addax (Addax nasomaculatus)",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In 2022, the IUCN down-listed which African antelope from Endangered to Vulnerable after a 2021 census showed its only viable sub-population had grown from 2,000 to 4,200 individuals in Niger’s Termit & Tin-Toumma National Nature Reserve?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Addax",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-120
|
kimi
|
[
2,
3,
2
] |
In Python 3.9 on a stock Ubuntu 22.04 x86_64 machine, what single integer value is returned by the C extension function `get_node_refcnt(PyObject *obj)` when it is passed a freshly created `PyListObject` that has not yet been shared with any other Python code?
|
1
|
1
|
[
{
"content": "In Python 3.9 on a stock Ubuntu 22.04 x86_64 machine, what single integer value is returned by the C extension function `get_node_refcnt(PyObject *obj)` when it is passed a freshly created `PyListObject` that has not yet been shared with any other Python code?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In Python 3.9 on a stock Ubuntu 22.04 x86_64 machine, what single integer value is returned by the C extension function `get_node_refcnt(PyObject *obj)` when it is passed a freshly created `PyListObject` that has not yet been shared with any other Python code?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
1
] |
Which specific FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitor, first granted breakthrough-therapy designation in September 2014 for advanced melanoma, targets the programmed-death-1 (PD-1) receptor and is manufactured by Merck & Co. under the generic name “pembrolizumab”?
|
Keytruda
|
pembrolizumab
|
[
{
"content": "Which specific FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitor, first granted breakthrough-therapy designation in September 2014 for advanced melanoma, targets the programmed-death-1 (PD-1) receptor and is manufactured by Merck & Co. under the generic name “pembrolizumab”?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Keytruda",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which specific FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitor, first granted breakthrough-therapy designation in September 2014 for advanced melanoma, targets the programmed-death-1 (PD-1) receptor and is manufactured by Merck & Co. under the generic name “pembrolizumab”?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "pembrolizumab",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-120
|
kimi
|
[
2,
2,
2
] |
Which 1858–59 government surveyor’s field book, held today as MS 124 in the State Library of New South Wales, contains the first authenticated colonial-era sketch and bearing notes for the summit trig station that would later be officially named Mount Kosciuszko?
|
James McDonald.
|
Not possible to answer
|
[
{
"content": "Which 1858–59 government surveyor’s field book, held today as MS 124 in the State Library of New South Wales, contains the first authenticated colonial-era sketch and bearing notes for the summit trig station that would later be officially named Mount Kosciuszko?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "James McDonald.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which 1858–59 government surveyor’s field book, held today as MS 124 in the State Library of New South Wales, contains the first authenticated colonial-era sketch and bearing notes for the summit trig station that would later be officially named Mount Kosciuszko?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-120
|
kimi
|
[
2,
2,
2
] |
A 2.0 mm-thick calcite plate (ordinary index n_o = 1.658, extraordinary index n_e = 1.486) is cut with its optic axis parallel to the front face and is placed between two ideal linear polarizers whose transmission axes are perpendicular to each other. A He-Ne laser beam (λ = 632.8 nm in air) is normally incident on the first polarizer, passes through the calcite plate, and then through the second polarizer. The second polarizer’s transmission axis makes an angle of 45° with the optic axis of the calcite plate. What is the minimum angle (in degrees) between the first polarizer’s transmission axis and the calcite’s optic axis that produces maximum transmitted intensity after the second polarizer?
|
45
|
45
|
[
{
"content": "A 2.0 mm-thick calcite plate (ordinary index n_o = 1.658, extraordinary index n_e = 1.486) is cut with its optic axis parallel to the front face and is placed between two ideal linear polarizers whose transmission axes are perpendicular to each other. A He-Ne laser beam (λ = 632.8 nm in air) is normally incident on the first polarizer, passes through the calcite plate, and then through the second polarizer. The second polarizer’s transmission axis makes an angle of 45° with the optic axis of the calcite plate. What is the minimum angle (in degrees) between the first polarizer’s transmission axis and the calcite’s optic axis that produces maximum transmitted intensity after the second polarizer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "45",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "A 2.0 mm-thick calcite plate (ordinary index n_o = 1.658, extraordinary index n_e = 1.486) is cut with its optic axis parallel to the front face and is placed between two ideal linear polarizers whose transmission axes are perpendicular to each other. A He-Ne laser beam (λ = 632.8 nm in air) is normally incident on the first polarizer, passes through the calcite plate, and then through the second polarizer. The second polarizer’s transmission axis makes an angle of 45° with the optic axis of the calcite plate. What is the minimum angle (in degrees) between the first polarizer’s transmission axis and the calcite’s optic axis that produces maximum transmitted intensity after the second polarizer?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "45",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
1
] |
According to the 2023 U.S. Surgeon General’s advisory “Social Media and Youth Mental Health,” what is the maximum recommended daily social-media screen time (in hours) before measurable increases in anxiety and depression symptoms appear in adolescents?
|
2
|
Not possible to answer
|
[
{
"content": "According to the 2023 U.S. Surgeon General’s advisory “Social Media and Youth Mental Health,” what is the maximum recommended daily social-media screen time (in hours) before measurable increases in anxiety and depression symptoms appear in adolescents?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "2",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "According to the 2023 U.S. Surgeon General’s advisory “Social Media and Youth Mental Health,” what is the maximum recommended daily social-media screen time (in hours) before measurable increases in anxiety and depression symptoms appear in adolescents?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
3,
3
] |
A square and a rhombus both have four equal-length sides; if the square’s area is 36 cm² and the rhombus has one diagonal 12 cm long, what exact length (in centimetres) must the other diagonal of the rhombus have for its area to equal that of the square?
|
6 cm
|
6
|
[
{
"content": "A square and a rhombus both have four equal-length sides; if the square’s area is 36 cm² and the rhombus has one diagonal 12 cm long, what exact length (in centimetres) must the other diagonal of the rhombus have for its area to equal that of the square?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "6 cm",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "A square and a rhombus both have four equal-length sides; if the square’s area is 36 cm² and the rhombus has one diagonal 12 cm long, what exact length (in centimetres) must the other diagonal of the rhombus have for its area to equal that of the square?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "6",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
2,
3
] |
What is the maximum native uncompressed capacity, in gigabytes, of an LTO-9 data cartridge—the generation introduced in 2021 and still the current highest-capacity Linear Tape-Open standard as of 2024?
|
15,000 GB
|
18000
|
[
{
"content": "What is the maximum native uncompressed capacity, in gigabytes, of an LTO-9 data cartridge—the generation introduced in 2021 and still the current highest-capacity Linear Tape-Open standard as of 2024?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "15,000 GB",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "What is the maximum native uncompressed capacity, in gigabytes, of an LTO-9 data cartridge—the generation introduced in 2021 and still the current highest-capacity Linear Tape-Open standard as of 2024?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "18000",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
3,
3
] |
Which 2022 UN COPUOS session first adopted language explicitly referencing “space traffic coordination” rather than “space traffic management,” thereby signaling the consensus shift that your 2023 policy brief argued was prerequisite for binding debris-removal norms?
|
The 38th COPUOS session (held in 2022) first adopted the phrase “space traffic coordination” in place of “space traffic management.”
|
Not possible to answer
|
[
{
"content": "Which 2022 UN COPUOS session first adopted language explicitly referencing “space traffic coordination” rather than “space traffic management,” thereby signaling the consensus shift that your 2023 policy brief argued was prerequisite for binding debris-removal norms?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The 38th COPUOS session (held in 2022) first adopted the phrase “space traffic coordination” in place of “space traffic management.”",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which 2022 UN COPUOS session first adopted language explicitly referencing “space traffic coordination” rather than “space traffic management,” thereby signaling the consensus shift that your 2023 policy brief argued was prerequisite for binding debris-removal norms?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
2,
3
] |
Which single apomorphy in the pelvic girdle—visible in the holotype of the Norian archosaurian taxon described by Nesbitt (2011) from the Hayden Quarry of New Mexico—was used as the primary diagnostic character to place it within the clade Paracrocodylomorpha rather than within Poposauroidea?
|
A pronounced, medially inclined flange on the medial surface of the ischial peduncle of the ilium.
|
Not possible to answer
|
[
{
"content": "Which single apomorphy in the pelvic girdle—visible in the holotype of the Norian archosaurian taxon described by Nesbitt (2011) from the Hayden Quarry of New Mexico—was used as the primary diagnostic character to place it within the clade Paracrocodylomorpha rather than within Poposauroidea?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A pronounced, medially inclined flange on the medial surface of the ischial peduncle of the ilium.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which single apomorphy in the pelvic girdle—visible in the holotype of the Norian archosaurian taxon described by Nesbitt (2011) from the Hayden Quarry of New Mexico—was used as the primary diagnostic character to place it within the clade Paracrocodylomorpha rather than within Poposauroidea?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
1
] |
In the 2016 Nature paper you co-authored (PMID 27337346), what single amino-acid substitution in the V3 loop of the SIVmac239 envelope glycoprotein was introduced by the “G306E” codon change to ablate CD4 binding yet retain tier-2 neutralization sensitivity in rhesus macaques?
|
Glycine 306 → Glutamic acid (G306E)
|
Glycine (G) to Glutamic acid (E) at residue 306 (G306E).
|
[
{
"content": "In the 2016 Nature paper you co-authored (PMID 27337346), what single amino-acid substitution in the V3 loop of the SIVmac239 envelope glycoprotein was introduced by the “G306E” codon change to ablate CD4 binding yet retain tier-2 neutralization sensitivity in rhesus macaques?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Glycine 306 → Glutamic acid (G306E)",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In the 2016 Nature paper you co-authored (PMID 27337346), what single amino-acid substitution in the V3 loop of the SIVmac239 envelope glycoprotein was introduced by the “G306E” codon change to ablate CD4 binding yet retain tier-2 neutralization sensitivity in rhesus macaques?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Glycine (G) to Glutamic acid (E) at residue 306 (G306E).",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-120
|
gptoss-20
|
[
2,
2,
1
] |
Which specific date in 1945 did the Allied leaders Stalin, Churchill (later Attlee), and Truman meet to issue the Potsdam Declaration demanding Japan’s unconditional surrender?
|
26 July 1945
|
July 26, 1945
|
[
{
"content": "Which specific date in 1945 did the Allied leaders Stalin, Churchill (later Attlee), and Truman meet to issue the Potsdam Declaration demanding Japan’s unconditional surrender?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "26 July 1945",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which specific date in 1945 did the Allied leaders Stalin, Churchill (later Attlee), and Truman meet to issue the Potsdam Declaration demanding Japan’s unconditional surrender?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "July 26, 1945",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
1
] |
During the 2015–2016 Zika epidemic, which single U.S. territory that you monitored reported the highest cumulative number of locally acquired, laboratory-confirmed Zika cases to the CDC ArboNET surveillance system?
|
Puerto Rico
|
Puerto Rico
|
[
{
"content": "During the 2015–2016 Zika epidemic, which single U.S. territory that you monitored reported the highest cumulative number of locally acquired, laboratory-confirmed Zika cases to the CDC ArboNET surveillance system?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Puerto Rico",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "During the 2015–2016 Zika epidemic, which single U.S. territory that you monitored reported the highest cumulative number of locally acquired, laboratory-confirmed Zika cases to the CDC ArboNET surveillance system?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Puerto Rico",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
1
] |
According to the 2022 EPA “Advancing Sustainable Materials Management” report, what was the single-year national recycling rate (expressed as a percentage) for municipal solid waste generated in the United States?
|
32%
|
32 percent
|
[
{
"content": "According to the 2022 EPA “Advancing Sustainable Materials Management” report, what was the single-year national recycling rate (expressed as a percentage) for municipal solid waste generated in the United States?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "32%",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "According to the 2022 EPA “Advancing Sustainable Materials Management” report, what was the single-year national recycling rate (expressed as a percentage) for municipal solid waste generated in the United States?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "32 percent",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-120
|
kimi
|
[
3,
2,
2
] |
In the 2020 re-description of the type specimen of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus (IPHG 1912 VIII 19), what single linear measurement (in millimetres) was reported for the anteroposterior length of the longest complete dorsal neural spine preserved?
|
Not possible to answer
|
Not possible to answer
|
[
{
"content": "In the 2020 re-description of the type specimen of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus (IPHG 1912 VIII 19), what single linear measurement (in millimetres) was reported for the anteroposterior length of the longest complete dorsal neural spine preserved?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In the 2020 re-description of the type specimen of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus (IPHG 1912 VIII 19), what single linear measurement (in millimetres) was reported for the anteroposterior length of the longest complete dorsal neural spine preserved?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
3,
3
] |
According to the 2022 revision of the IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 7, what is the generic intervention level (in mSv) for stable iodine thyroid blocking that, if projected to be exceeded, requires prophylactic distribution to the general public?
|
50
|
100 mSv (committed absorbed dose to the thyroid)
|
[
{
"content": "According to the 2022 revision of the IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 7, what is the generic intervention level (in mSv) for stable iodine thyroid blocking that, if projected to be exceeded, requires prophylactic distribution to the general public?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "50",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "According to the 2022 revision of the IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 7, what is the generic intervention level (in mSv) for stable iodine thyroid blocking that, if projected to be exceeded, requires prophylactic distribution to the general public?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "100 mSv (committed absorbed dose to the thyroid)",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
3,
3
] |
If a 68-year-old patient arrives with a blood pressure of 88/46 mmHg, a heart rate of 118 bpm, and absent axillary sweat, what single calculated value (in mmHg) will you obtain when you divide their measured pulse pressure by their measured pulse pressure divided by their systolic pressure?
|
88 mmHg
|
Not possible to answer
|
[
{
"content": "If a 68-year-old patient arrives with a blood pressure of 88/46 mmHg, a heart rate of 118 bpm, and absent axillary sweat, what single calculated value (in mmHg) will you obtain when you divide their measured pulse pressure by their measured pulse pressure divided by their systolic pressure?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "88 mmHg",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "If a 68-year-old patient arrives with a blood pressure of 88/46 mmHg, a heart rate of 118 bpm, and absent axillary sweat, what single calculated value (in mmHg) will you obtain when you divide their measured pulse pressure by their measured pulse pressure divided by their systolic pressure?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
llama-31-8B
|
[
3,
2,
1
] |
During the 2018 FIFA World Cup, which single law change—identifiable by its Law number in the IFAB Laws of the Game—was temporarily introduced to allow a 4th substitute in extra time, a rule you must explain to your varsity team before their upcoming state playoff match?
|
Law 8 (Substitutions)
|
Law 3 – The Players
|
[
{
"content": "During the 2018 FIFA World Cup, which single law change—identifiable by its Law number in the IFAB Laws of the Game—was temporarily introduced to allow a 4th substitute in extra time, a rule you must explain to your varsity team before their upcoming state playoff match?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Law 8 (Substitutions)",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "During the 2018 FIFA World Cup, which single law change—identifiable by its Law number in the IFAB Laws of the Game—was temporarily introduced to allow a 4th substitute in extra time, a rule you must explain to your varsity team before their upcoming state playoff match?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Law 3 – The Players",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
2,
3
] |
Which Indian Prime Minister signed the 1972 Simla Agreement with Pakistan’s Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, committing both states to resolve the Kashmir dispute bilaterally?
|
Indira Gandhi
|
Indira Gandhi
|
[
{
"content": "Which Indian Prime Minister signed the 1972 Simla Agreement with Pakistan’s Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, committing both states to resolve the Kashmir dispute bilaterally?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Indira Gandhi",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which Indian Prime Minister signed the 1972 Simla Agreement with Pakistan’s Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, committing both states to resolve the Kashmir dispute bilaterally?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Indira Gandhi",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
1
] |
In a 0.10 M aqueous solution of hydrocyanic acid (HCN, Ka = 6.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ at 25 °C), what is the approximate pH expressed to one decimal place?
|
5.1
|
5.1
|
[
{
"content": "In a 0.10 M aqueous solution of hydrocyanic acid (HCN, Ka = 6.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ at 25 °C), what is the approximate pH expressed to one decimal place?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "5.1",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In a 0.10 M aqueous solution of hydrocyanic acid (HCN, Ka = 6.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ at 25 °C), what is the approximate pH expressed to one decimal place?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "5.1",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
-1,
1,
1
] |
You have 50.00 mL of an 0.892 M NaCl stock solution and an empty 250.0 mL volumetric flask; what single precise volume (in mL, to two decimal places) of this stock must be diluted to the mark with water to give a 0.150 M solution?
|
42.04 mL
|
15.14 mL
|
[
{
"content": "You have 50.00 mL of an 0.892 M NaCl stock solution and an empty 250.0 mL volumetric flask; what single precise volume (in mL, to two decimal places) of this stock must be diluted to the mark with water to give a 0.150 M solution?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "42.04 mL",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "You have 50.00 mL of an 0.892 M NaCl stock solution and an empty 250.0 mL volumetric flask; what single precise volume (in mL, to two decimal places) of this stock must be diluted to the mark with water to give a 0.150 M solution?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "15.14 mL",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-120
|
kimi
|
[
-1,
2,
2
] |
Which U.S. president’s 1846 request for $10 million in “war” funds—made in his December message to Congress after the Thornton skirmish but before a formal declaration—first triggered the Whig charge that the Mexican-American War was “Mr. ___’s War”?
|
Polk
|
James K. Polk
|
[
{
"content": "Which U.S. president’s 1846 request for $10 million in “war” funds—made in his December message to Congress after the Thornton skirmish but before a formal declaration—first triggered the Whig charge that the Mexican-American War was “Mr. ___’s War”?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Polk",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which U.S. president’s 1846 request for $10 million in “war” funds—made in his December message to Congress after the Thornton skirmish but before a formal declaration—first triggered the Whig charge that the Mexican-American War was “Mr. ___’s War”?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "James K. Polk",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
3,
3
] |
During the 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai volcano, satellite-borne infrared sensors measured the umbrella cloud’s minimum temperature; what single value (in °C) did NASA’s “Atmospheric Infrared Sounder” report for that temperature?
|
-100 °C
|
Not possible to answer
|
[
{
"content": "During the 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai volcano, satellite-borne infrared sensors measured the umbrella cloud’s minimum temperature; what single value (in °C) did NASA’s “Atmospheric Infrared Sounder” report for that temperature?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "-100 °C",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "During the 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai volcano, satellite-borne infrared sensors measured the umbrella cloud’s minimum temperature; what single value (in °C) did NASA’s “Atmospheric Infrared Sounder” report for that temperature?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
3,
-1
] |
On 25 August 2020 the journal Nature reported that astronomers had discovered phosphine molecules in the atmosphere of which planet, a finding widely covered by science journalists as a possible biosignature?
|
Venus
|
Venus
|
[
{
"content": "On 25 August 2020 the journal Nature reported that astronomers had discovered phosphine molecules in the atmosphere of which planet, a finding widely covered by science journalists as a possible biosignature?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Venus",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "On 25 August 2020 the journal Nature reported that astronomers had discovered phosphine molecules in the atmosphere of which planet, a finding widely covered by science journalists as a possible biosignature?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Venus",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
1
] |
During a routine second-trimester visit, a 28-year-old gravida 2 para 1 at 24 + 3 weeks’ gestation without contraindications asks about Tdap timing; what is the single gestational week interval (two numbers separated by a dash) within which the CDC’s 2023 guidelines state the vaccine should ideally be administered to maximize maternal antibody transfer and infant protection at birth?
|
27-36
|
27-36
|
[
{
"content": "During a routine second-trimester visit, a 28-year-old gravida 2 para 1 at 24 + 3 weeks’ gestation without contraindications asks about Tdap timing; what is the single gestational week interval (two numbers separated by a dash) within which the CDC’s 2023 guidelines state the vaccine should ideally be administered to maximize maternal antibody transfer and infant protection at birth?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "27-36",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "During a routine second-trimester visit, a 28-year-old gravida 2 para 1 at 24 + 3 weeks’ gestation without contraindications asks about Tdap timing; what is the single gestational week interval (two numbers separated by a dash) within which the CDC’s 2023 guidelines state the vaccine should ideally be administered to maximize maternal antibody transfer and infant protection at birth?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "27-36",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
1
] |
Which 1972 U.S. federal policy, signed into law by President Nixon and referenced in the NOW v. Little League Baseball (1974) case, first barred sex discrimination in publicly funded educational programs and therefore became a key example you can use in a lesson plan on the legal intersection of women’s rights and politics after the suffrage era?
|
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
|
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.
|
[
{
"content": "Which 1972 U.S. federal policy, signed into law by President Nixon and referenced in the NOW v. Little League Baseball (1974) case, first barred sex discrimination in publicly funded educational programs and therefore became a key example you can use in a lesson plan on the legal intersection of women’s rights and politics after the suffrage era?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which 1972 U.S. federal policy, signed into law by President Nixon and referenced in the NOW v. Little League Baseball (1974) case, first barred sex discrimination in publicly funded educational programs and therefore became a key example you can use in a lesson plan on the legal intersection of women’s rights and politics after the suffrage era?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
1
] |
Which 1616 decree issued by the Congregation of the Index formally suspended as “altogether contrary to Holy Scripture” the heliocentric work that the same Congregation had previously required in 1615 to be expurgated rather than banned?
|
The 1616 decree of the Congregation of the Index dated 5 March 1616, which placed *De revolutionibus orbium coelestium* on the Index as “altogether contrary to Holy Scripture.”
|
The 1616 decree suspended Copernicus’s *De revolutionibus orbium coelestium*.
|
[
{
"content": "Which 1616 decree issued by the Congregation of the Index formally suspended as “altogether contrary to Holy Scripture” the heliocentric work that the same Congregation had previously required in 1615 to be expurgated rather than banned?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The 1616 decree of the Congregation of the Index dated 5 March 1616, which placed *De revolutionibus orbium coelestium* on the Index as “altogether contrary to Holy Scripture.”",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which 1616 decree issued by the Congregation of the Index formally suspended as “altogether contrary to Holy Scripture” the heliocentric work that the same Congregation had previously required in 1615 to be expurgated rather than banned?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The 1616 decree suspended Copernicus’s *De revolutionibus orbium coelestium*.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-120
|
kimi
|
[
2,
3,
2
] |
In the molecular-orbital diagram for the diatomic molecule B₂, how many electrons occupy the two degenerate π-type molecular orbitals that are the highest occupied orbitals, according to standard aufbau filling with the experimental ordering for the valence orbitals?
|
2
|
2 electrons.
|
[
{
"content": "In the molecular-orbital diagram for the diatomic molecule B₂, how many electrons occupy the two degenerate π-type molecular orbitals that are the highest occupied orbitals, according to standard aufbau filling with the experimental ordering for the valence orbitals?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "2",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In the molecular-orbital diagram for the diatomic molecule B₂, how many electrons occupy the two degenerate π-type molecular orbitals that are the highest occupied orbitals, according to standard aufbau filling with the experimental ordering for the valence orbitals?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "2 electrons.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
3
] |
In a single translation unit, what is the minimum number of characters you must add or change to turn the strictly conforming C17 program
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void){puts("OK");}
into another strictly conforming C17 program whose only observable behaviour is to print the exact 7-character sequence “42\nDONE\n” and nothing else?
|
7
|
16
|
[
{
"content": "In a single translation unit, what is the minimum number of characters you must add or change to turn the strictly conforming C17 program\n\n#include <stdio.h>\nint main(void){puts(\"OK\");}\n\ninto another strictly conforming C17 program whose only observable behaviour is to print the exact 7-character sequence “42\\nDONE\\n” and nothing else?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "7",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In a single translation unit, what is the minimum number of characters you must add or change to turn the strictly conforming C17 program\n\n#include <stdio.h>\nint main(void){puts(\"OK\");}\n\ninto another strictly conforming C17 program whose only observable behaviour is to print the exact 7-character sequence “42\\nDONE\\n” and nothing else?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "16",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
3,
3
] |
Which Puerto Rican Nationalist leader—born in 1897, imprisoned for the 1954 U.S. Capitol shooting, and released in 1979 after Carter commuted all four nationalists’ sentences—was the only one of the group who had also served as the top commander of the Cadets of the Republic during the Nationalist revolt of 1950?
|
Not possible to answer
|
Lolita Lebrón
|
[
{
"content": "Which Puerto Rican Nationalist leader—born in 1897, imprisoned for the 1954 U.S. Capitol shooting, and released in 1979 after Carter commuted all four nationalists’ sentences—was the only one of the group who had also served as the top commander of the Cadets of the Republic during the Nationalist revolt of 1950?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which Puerto Rican Nationalist leader—born in 1897, imprisoned for the 1954 U.S. Capitol shooting, and released in 1979 after Carter commuted all four nationalists’ sentences—was the only one of the group who had also served as the top commander of the Cadets of the Republic during the Nationalist revolt of 1950?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Lolita Lebrón",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
-1,
3
] |
How many chiral centers are present in the linear form of D-glucose?
|
4
|
4
|
[
{
"content": "How many chiral centers are present in the linear form of D-glucose?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "4",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "How many chiral centers are present in the linear form of D-glucose?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "4",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
1
] |
In the 37th Congress (1861–63) the Republican caucus used a specific, officially recorded roll-call vote on 6 May 1862 to pass the original House version of the Homestead Act; what was the exact final tally of “Yea” votes cast by members from free-state districts, a figure that appears in the House Journal for that day?
|
Not possible to answer
|
83
|
[
{
"content": "In the 37th Congress (1861–63) the Republican caucus used a specific, officially recorded roll-call vote on 6 May 1862 to pass the original House version of the Homestead Act; what was the exact final tally of “Yea” votes cast by members from free-state districts, a figure that appears in the House Journal for that day?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In the 37th Congress (1861–63) the Republican caucus used a specific, officially recorded roll-call vote on 6 May 1862 to pass the original House version of the Homestead Act; what was the exact final tally of “Yea” votes cast by members from free-state districts, a figure that appears in the House Journal for that day?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "83",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-120
|
kimi
|
[
2,
2,
-1
] |
Which metamorphic mineral assemblage—defined by the coexistence of lawsonite + glaucophane + garnet—was first reported in 1984 from the high-pressure, low-temperature blocks of the Franciscan Complex at Ring Mountain, Tiburon Peninsula, California, thereby confirming subduction-zone metamorphism in the accretionary wedge?
|
Lawsonite–glaucophane–garnet assemblage (the lawsonite‑glaucophane‑garnet blueschist assemblage).
|
lawsonite + glaucophane + garnet
|
[
{
"content": "Which metamorphic mineral assemblage—defined by the coexistence of lawsonite + glaucophane + garnet—was first reported in 1984 from the high-pressure, low-temperature blocks of the Franciscan Complex at Ring Mountain, Tiburon Peninsula, California, thereby confirming subduction-zone metamorphism in the accretionary wedge?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Lawsonite–glaucophane–garnet assemblage (the lawsonite‑glaucophane‑garnet blueschist assemblage).",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which metamorphic mineral assemblage—defined by the coexistence of lawsonite + glaucophane + garnet—was first reported in 1984 from the high-pressure, low-temperature blocks of the Franciscan Complex at Ring Mountain, Tiburon Peninsula, California, thereby confirming subduction-zone metamorphism in the accretionary wedge?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "lawsonite + glaucophane + garnet",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
2,
3,
3
] |
In the 2021 ACS Journal of Chemical Education paper “A Low-Cost, Open-Source Photometer for High-School Colorimetric Analysis,” what is the reported parts-per-million detection limit for the copper(II) sulfate solutions used to validate the instrument?
|
1.2 ppm
|
2 ppm
|
[
{
"content": "In the 2021 ACS Journal of Chemical Education paper “A Low-Cost, Open-Source Photometer for High-School Colorimetric Analysis,” what is the reported parts-per-million detection limit for the copper(II) sulfate solutions used to validate the instrument?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1.2 ppm",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In the 2021 ACS Journal of Chemical Education paper “A Low-Cost, Open-Source Photometer for High-School Colorimetric Analysis,” what is the reported parts-per-million detection limit for the copper(II) sulfate solutions used to validate the instrument?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "2 ppm",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-20
|
[
1,
-1,
2
] |
In the 2014 revision of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, which single new component was explicitly added to the original seven knowledge domains?
|
Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)
|
Contextual Knowledge
|
[
{
"content": "In the 2014 revision of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, which single new component was explicitly added to the original seven knowledge domains?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In the 2014 revision of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework, which single new component was explicitly added to the original seven knowledge domains?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Contextual Knowledge",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
3,
3
] |
Which 1987 U.S. Congressional act, cited in your 2022 blog post “From Usenet to Today’s Deals,” terminated the NSF’s restrictive “acceptable-use” policy and thereby opened the Internet backbone to commercial traffic—including the first ads for Usenet service providers that you still list with affiliate codes today?
|
The National Science Foundation Internet Program Act of 1987 (Public Law 100‑595).
|
Not possible to answer
|
[
{
"content": "Which 1987 U.S. Congressional act, cited in your 2022 blog post “From Usenet to Today’s Deals,” terminated the NSF’s restrictive “acceptable-use” policy and thereby opened the Internet backbone to commercial traffic—including the first ads for Usenet service providers that you still list with affiliate codes today?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The National Science Foundation Internet Program Act of 1987 (Public Law 100‑595).",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which 1987 U.S. Congressional act, cited in your 2022 blog post “From Usenet to Today’s Deals,” terminated the NSF’s restrictive “acceptable-use” policy and thereby opened the Internet backbone to commercial traffic—including the first ads for Usenet service providers that you still list with affiliate codes today?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
3,
2
] |
Which article and section of the U.S. Constitution requires that an incoming President take the oath of office, and what is the exact wording of that constitutional oath?
|
Article II, Section 1, Clause 8
The oath: **“I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and that I will preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.”**
|
Article II, Section 1, Clause 8; “I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”
|
[
{
"content": "Which article and section of the U.S. Constitution requires that an incoming President take the oath of office, and what is the exact wording of that constitutional oath?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Article II, Section 1, Clause 8 \nThe oath: **“I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and that I will preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.”**",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which article and section of the U.S. Constitution requires that an incoming President take the oath of office, and what is the exact wording of that constitutional oath?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Article II, Section 1, Clause 8; “I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
3,
3
] |
Which single 1814 treaty, negotiated by Albert Gallatin, Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams in Ghent, formally ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain?
|
Treaty of Ghent
|
Treaty of Ghent
|
[
{
"content": "Which single 1814 treaty, negotiated by Albert Gallatin, Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams in Ghent, formally ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Treaty of Ghent",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which single 1814 treaty, negotiated by Albert Gallatin, Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams in Ghent, formally ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Treaty of Ghent",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
1
] |
Which specific branched-chain amino acid, present in significant concentrations in whey protein, is the first to be oxidized during exhaustive endurance exercise and thus serves as a key peripheral marker for monitoring an athlete’s real-time catabolic state?
|
Leucine
|
Valine.
|
[
{
"content": "Which specific branched-chain amino acid, present in significant concentrations in whey protein, is the first to be oxidized during exhaustive endurance exercise and thus serves as a key peripheral marker for monitoring an athlete’s real-time catabolic state?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Leucine",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which specific branched-chain amino acid, present in significant concentrations in whey protein, is the first to be oxidized during exhaustive endurance exercise and thus serves as a key peripheral marker for monitoring an athlete’s real-time catabolic state?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Valine.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
gptoss-120
|
[
3,
3,
1
] |
A student has built the circuit shown: a 1 kΩ, 5 % tolerance metal-film resistor is connected between the 5.00 V (±0.02 V) output of a bench supply and the input of a Fluke 289 DMM set to “Slow” 6½-digit DCV mode. After a 5-minute warm-up the meter reads 4.976 V. Assuming the supply and meter specifications are trustworthy and that the resistor is at the ambient 23 °C marked on its body, what is the actual resistance of the resistor to the nearest ohm?
|
Not possible to answer
|
48 230 Ω
|
[
{
"content": "A student has built the circuit shown: a 1 kΩ, 5 % tolerance metal-film resistor is connected between the 5.00 V (±0.02 V) output of a bench supply and the input of a Fluke 289 DMM set to “Slow” 6½-digit DCV mode. After a 5-minute warm-up the meter reads 4.976 V. Assuming the supply and meter specifications are trustworthy and that the resistor is at the ambient 23 °C marked on its body, what is the actual resistance of the resistor to the nearest ohm?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "A student has built the circuit shown: a 1 kΩ, 5 % tolerance metal-film resistor is connected between the 5.00 V (±0.02 V) output of a bench supply and the input of a Fluke 289 DMM set to “Slow” 6½-digit DCV mode. After a 5-minute warm-up the meter reads 4.976 V. Assuming the supply and meter specifications are trustworthy and that the resistor is at the ambient 23 °C marked on its body, what is the actual resistance of the resistor to the nearest ohm?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "48 230 Ω",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
3,
-1
] |
Which London‐based Separatist elder, later chosen as pastor of the Scrooby congregation that became core of the 1620 Mayflower company, had in 1596 signed the “Confession of the Faith and of the Order of the Churches of Christ” drawn up during the underground synod of that year at Ainsworth’s Green Alley meeting-house?
|
William Brewster
|
William Brewster
|
[
{
"content": "Which London‐based Separatist elder, later chosen as pastor of the Scrooby congregation that became core of the 1620 Mayflower company, had in 1596 signed the “Confession of the Faith and of the Order of the Churches of Christ” drawn up during the underground synod of that year at Ainsworth’s Green Alley meeting-house?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "William Brewster",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which London‐based Separatist elder, later chosen as pastor of the Scrooby congregation that became core of the 1620 Mayflower company, had in 1596 signed the “Confession of the Faith and of the Order of the Churches of Christ” drawn up during the underground synod of that year at Ainsworth’s Green Alley meeting-house?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "William Brewster",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-120
|
gptoss-20
|
[
2,
1,
2
] |
Which solar physicist first demonstrated in 1908 that sunspots contain intense magnetic fields by detecting a spectral-line splitting of 0.01 Å in the 6173 Å Fe I line, and in what journal and year did he publish the quantitative Zeeman-effect measurements that proved the fields reach several thousand gauss?
|
George Ellery Hale – Astrophysical Journal, 1910.
|
George Ellery Hale; The Astrophysical Journal, 1908
|
[
{
"content": "Which solar physicist first demonstrated in 1908 that sunspots contain intense magnetic fields by detecting a spectral-line splitting of 0.01 Å in the 6173 Å Fe I line, and in what journal and year did he publish the quantitative Zeeman-effect measurements that proved the fields reach several thousand gauss?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "George Ellery Hale – Astrophysical Journal, 1910.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which solar physicist first demonstrated in 1908 that sunspots contain intense magnetic fields by detecting a spectral-line splitting of 0.01 Å in the 6173 Å Fe I line, and in what journal and year did he publish the quantitative Zeeman-effect measurements that proved the fields reach several thousand gauss?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "George Ellery Hale; The Astrophysical Journal, 1908",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
gptoss-120
|
[
3,
1,
3
] |
What is the name of the only currently active volcano on Io whose recurring thermal outbursts, documented between 2013 and 2018, have been attributed to episodic overturning of a lava lake and have provided the key evidence for the existence of such lava lakes on the satellite?
|
Loki Patera
|
Loki Patera
|
[
{
"content": "What is the name of the only currently active volcano on Io whose recurring thermal outbursts, documented between 2013 and 2018, have been attributed to episodic overturning of a lava lake and have provided the key evidence for the existence of such lava lakes on the satellite?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Loki Patera",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "What is the name of the only currently active volcano on Io whose recurring thermal outbursts, documented between 2013 and 2018, have been attributed to episodic overturning of a lava lake and have provided the key evidence for the existence of such lava lakes on the satellite?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Loki Patera",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
3,
1,
1
] |
What was the exact purchase price in U.S. dollars that Secretary of State William H. Seward agreed to pay Russia for Alaska in the 1867 treaty that the historian’s book “The Icebound Deal: Russo-American Diplomacy and the Alaska Purchase” analyzes?
|
$7.2 million
|
$7,200,000.
|
[
{
"content": "What was the exact purchase price in U.S. dollars that Secretary of State William H. Seward agreed to pay Russia for Alaska in the 1867 treaty that the historian’s book “The Icebound Deal: Russo-American Diplomacy and the Alaska Purchase” analyzes?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "$7.2 million",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "What was the exact purchase price in U.S. dollars that Secretary of State William H. Seward agreed to pay Russia for Alaska in the 1867 treaty that the historian’s book “The Icebound Deal: Russo-American Diplomacy and the Alaska Purchase” analyzes?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "$7,200,000.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
1
] |
In the Babylonian Talmud, tractate Megillah 9b–10a, which specific Hebrew word do the seventy-two elders independently substitute with “YHWH” in the Greek Torah they produce for King Ptolemy, thereby creating the only instance where the Septuagint renders the divine name as itself rather than as “κύριος”?
|
**אֱלֹהִים** (Elohim)
|
Not possible to answer
|
[
{
"content": "In the Babylonian Talmud, tractate Megillah 9b–10a, which specific Hebrew word do the seventy-two elders independently substitute with “YHWH” in the Greek Torah they produce for King Ptolemy, thereby creating the only instance where the Septuagint renders the divine name as itself rather than as “κύριος”?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "**אֱלֹהִים** (Elohim)",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In the Babylonian Talmud, tractate Megillah 9b–10a, which specific Hebrew word do the seventy-two elders independently substitute with “YHWH” in the Greek Torah they produce for King Ptolemy, thereby creating the only instance where the Septuagint renders the divine name as itself rather than as “κύριος”?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-120
|
kimi
|
[
2,
3,
-1
] |
In the 1952 “blender experiment,” how many minutes did Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase run the Waring blender at 4,000 rpm to shear the bacteriophage ghosts off the Escherichia coli cells without rupturing the bacteria?
|
0.5 minutes (approximately 30 seconds)
|
two minutes
|
[
{
"content": "In the 1952 “blender experiment,” how many minutes did Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase run the Waring blender at 4,000 rpm to shear the bacteriophage ghosts off the Escherichia coli cells without rupturing the bacteria?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "0.5 minutes (approximately 30 seconds)",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In the 1952 “blender experiment,” how many minutes did Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase run the Waring blender at 4,000 rpm to shear the bacteriophage ghosts off the Escherichia coli cells without rupturing the bacteria?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "two minutes",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-120
|
kimi
|
[
2,
3,
2
] |
In the 2010 merger review of United Airlines–Continental Airlines, what was the U.S. Department of Justice’s single-word conclusion on the predicted competitive effect of the merger that the DOJ published in its press release dated 27 August 2010?
|
immaterial
|
harmful
|
[
{
"content": "In the 2010 merger review of United Airlines–Continental Airlines, what was the U.S. Department of Justice’s single-word conclusion on the predicted competitive effect of the merger that the DOJ published in its press release dated 27 August 2010?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "immaterial",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In the 2010 merger review of United Airlines–Continental Airlines, what was the U.S. Department of Justice’s single-word conclusion on the predicted competitive effect of the merger that the DOJ published in its press release dated 27 August 2010?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "harmful",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
-1,
1,
3
] |
On 15 March 1985, which Brazilian politician—himself a key opposition leader during the military regime—was sworn in as the first civilian president after the 1964–1985 dictatorship, formally completing the transition to democracy under the 1946 Constitution still in force at that moment?
|
José Sarney
|
Tancredo Neves
|
[
{
"content": "On 15 March 1985, which Brazilian politician—himself a key opposition leader during the military regime—was sworn in as the first civilian president after the 1964–1985 dictatorship, formally completing the transition to democracy under the 1946 Constitution still in force at that moment?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "José Sarney",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "On 15 March 1985, which Brazilian politician—himself a key opposition leader during the military regime—was sworn in as the first civilian president after the 1964–1985 dictatorship, formally completing the transition to democracy under the 1946 Constitution still in force at that moment?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Tancredo Neves",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-120
|
kimi
|
[
2,
2,
2
] |
In a one-sentence description aimed at high-school students, how did the 2012 ATLAS and CMS discovery papers jointly confirm the existence of the Higgs boson, and what specific observed decay channel’s statistical excess (quoted to two significant figures) was cited as the cornerstone evidence?
|
Both experiments reported a clear bump near 125 GeV in the Higgs → γγ (diphoton) decay, showing a statistical excess of about 5.0σ, which together confirmed the Higgs boson.
|
The discovery of the Higgs boson by ATLAS and CMS collaboration consisted in observing a statistically significant excess of 4.9σ in the diphoton decay channel, which indicated a new particle with properties consistent with the standard model's Higgs boson hypothesis.
|
[
{
"content": "In a one-sentence description aimed at high-school students, how did the 2012 ATLAS and CMS discovery papers jointly confirm the existence of the Higgs boson, and what specific observed decay channel’s statistical excess (quoted to two significant figures) was cited as the cornerstone evidence?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Both experiments reported a clear bump near 125 GeV in the Higgs → γγ (diphoton) decay, showing a statistical excess of about 5.0σ, which together confirmed the Higgs boson.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In a one-sentence description aimed at high-school students, how did the 2012 ATLAS and CMS discovery papers jointly confirm the existence of the Higgs boson, and what specific observed decay channel’s statistical excess (quoted to two significant figures) was cited as the cornerstone evidence?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The discovery of the Higgs boson by ATLAS and CMS collaboration consisted in observing a statistically significant excess of 4.9σ in the diphoton decay channel, which indicated a new particle with properties consistent with the standard model's Higgs boson hypothesis.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-120
|
llama-31-8B
|
[
2,
1,
3
] |
Which specific epoch of cosmic reionization did the James Webb Space Telescope first detect a galaxy at redshift z ≈ 13.2, and what is the corresponding age of the universe in million years at that redshift?
|
JWST first detected a galaxy at z ≈ 13.2 in the Epoch of Reionization corresponding to cosmic age ≈ 330 Myr.
|
Early epoch of reionization; about 300 million years after the Big Bang.
|
[
{
"content": "Which specific epoch of cosmic reionization did the James Webb Space Telescope first detect a galaxy at redshift z ≈ 13.2, and what is the corresponding age of the universe in million years at that redshift?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "JWST first detected a galaxy at z ≈ 13.2 in the Epoch of Reionization corresponding to cosmic age ≈ 330 Myr.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which specific epoch of cosmic reionization did the James Webb Space Telescope first detect a galaxy at redshift z ≈ 13.2, and what is the corresponding age of the universe in million years at that redshift?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Early epoch of reionization; about 300 million years after the Big Bang.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-20
|
[
2,
1,
1
] |
Which single Old English lexeme, attested in the Corpus Glossary (ca. 800 CE) and entered in the DOE under headword “*hæmed*,” is the historically earliest attested compound whose second element survives unchanged into Modern English as the independent word “lock”?
|
*hæmed*
|
Not possible to answer
|
[
{
"content": "Which single Old English lexeme, attested in the Corpus Glossary (ca. 800 CE) and entered in the DOE under headword “*hæmed*,” is the historically earliest attested compound whose second element survives unchanged into Modern English as the independent word “lock”?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "*hæmed*",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which single Old English lexeme, attested in the Corpus Glossary (ca. 800 CE) and entered in the DOE under headword “*hæmed*,” is the historically earliest attested compound whose second element survives unchanged into Modern English as the independent word “lock”?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
3,
3
] |
Which single Old English word, meaning “to cause to live,” survives today in Modern English only in the past-tense form “quickened,” and appears exactly once with that spelling in Act IV, Scene 3 of Shakespeare’s “Cymbeline”?
|
quickened
|
cwician
|
[
{
"content": "Which single Old English word, meaning “to cause to live,” survives today in Modern English only in the past-tense form “quickened,” and appears exactly once with that spelling in Act IV, Scene 3 of Shakespeare’s “Cymbeline”?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "quickened",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Which single Old English word, meaning “to cause to live,” survives today in Modern English only in the past-tense form “quickened,” and appears exactly once with that spelling in Act IV, Scene 3 of Shakespeare’s “Cymbeline”?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "cwician",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
3,
3
] |
A boiler operating at 18 MPa drum pressure suddenly shows a silica concentration of 35 μg kg⁻¹ in the steam leaving the drum.
Given that the drum internals are intact, the only source of silica is the boiler water, and the partition coefficient (SiO₂ in steam ÷ SiO₂ in water) for this pressure is 0.008, what is the exact silica concentration (in μg kg⁻¹) that must be measured in the boiler water for the reading to be considered correct?
|
4375 μg kg⁻¹
|
4375 μg kg⁻¹
|
[
{
"content": "A boiler operating at 18 MPa drum pressure suddenly shows a silica concentration of 35 μg kg⁻¹ in the steam leaving the drum. \nGiven that the drum internals are intact, the only source of silica is the boiler water, and the partition coefficient (SiO₂ in steam ÷ SiO₂ in water) for this pressure is 0.008, what is the exact silica concentration (in μg kg⁻¹) that must be measured in the boiler water for the reading to be considered correct?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "4375 μg kg⁻¹",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "A boiler operating at 18 MPa drum pressure suddenly shows a silica concentration of 35 μg kg⁻¹ in the steam leaving the drum. \nGiven that the drum internals are intact, the only source of silica is the boiler water, and the partition coefficient (SiO₂ in steam ÷ SiO₂ in water) for this pressure is 0.008, what is the exact silica concentration (in μg kg⁻¹) that must be measured in the boiler water for the reading to be considered correct?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "4375 μg kg⁻¹",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
1
] |
Who was the U.S. Secretary of State that negotiated the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with Mexico, ending the Mexican-American War and ceding Texas’s disputed border at the Rio Grande?
|
James Buchanan
|
John M. Clayton
|
[
{
"content": "Who was the U.S. Secretary of State that negotiated the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with Mexico, ending the Mexican-American War and ceding Texas’s disputed border at the Rio Grande?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "James Buchanan",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "Who was the U.S. Secretary of State that negotiated the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with Mexico, ending the Mexican-American War and ceding Texas’s disputed border at the Rio Grande?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "John M. Clayton",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
-1
] |
In the 2011 NCTE position statement “Literacy Instruction in a Digital World,” what single word is used to complete this sentence: “Effective digital literacy instruction must be _____, ensuring that all students can access, analyze, and produce digital media”?
|
inclusive
|
equitable
|
[
{
"content": "In the 2011 NCTE position statement “Literacy Instruction in a Digital World,” what single word is used to complete this sentence: “Effective digital literacy instruction must be _____, ensuring that all students can access, analyze, and produce digital media”?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "inclusive",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In the 2011 NCTE position statement “Literacy Instruction in a Digital World,” what single word is used to complete this sentence: “Effective digital literacy instruction must be _____, ensuring that all students can access, analyze, and produce digital media”?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "equitable",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
3,
3
] |
In the WHO/UNICEF 2021 “WASH in Health-Care Facilities” global baseline report, what is the single percentage figure (expressed as a whole number) given for the proportion of health-care facilities in the 46 UN-designated least-developed countries that had basic water-supply services on the day the data were compiled?
|
76
|
Not possible to answer
|
[
{
"content": "In the WHO/UNICEF 2021 “WASH in Health-Care Facilities” global baseline report, what is the single percentage figure (expressed as a whole number) given for the proportion of health-care facilities in the 46 UN-designated least-developed countries that had basic water-supply services on the day the data were compiled?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "76",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In the WHO/UNICEF 2021 “WASH in Health-Care Facilities” global baseline report, what is the single percentage figure (expressed as a whole number) given for the proportion of health-care facilities in the 46 UN-designated least-developed countries that had basic water-supply services on the day the data were compiled?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Not possible to answer",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
kimi
|
[
3,
3,
2
] |
In the 2019 Crowther et al. Nature paper that you routinely cite for global tree-restoration potential, what single number (in Gt C) is given as the maximum additional carbon that could be stored by restoring forest canopy on all suitable land worldwide?
|
205 Gt C
|
205 Gt C
|
[
{
"content": "In the 2019 Crowther et al. Nature paper that you routinely cite for global tree-restoration potential, what single number (in Gt C) is given as the maximum additional carbon that could be stored by restoring forest canopy on all suitable land worldwide?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "205 Gt C",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In the 2019 Crowther et al. Nature paper that you routinely cite for global tree-restoration potential, what single number (in Gt C) is given as the maximum additional carbon that could be stored by restoring forest canopy on all suitable land worldwide?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "205 Gt C",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
gptoss-120
|
[
3,
1,
3
] |
On 17 January 2020, which species of baleen whale was identified by the distinct call-up call recorded at 34° 08′ S, 18° 25′ E during the joint Whale Unit–SAEON annual migration survey off Cape Town?
|
Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)
|
Southern right whale (*Eubalaena australis*)
|
[
{
"content": "On 17 January 2020, which species of baleen whale was identified by the distinct call-up call recorded at 34° 08′ S, 18° 25′ E during the joint Whale Unit–SAEON annual migration survey off Cape Town?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "On 17 January 2020, which species of baleen whale was identified by the distinct call-up call recorded at 34° 08′ S, 18° 25′ E during the joint Whale Unit–SAEON annual migration survey off Cape Town?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Southern right whale (*Eubalaena australis*)",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
gptoss-20
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
3,
3
] |
In Faulkner’s 1930 novel “As I Lay Dying,” what single object does Vardaman Bundren repeatedly assert is equivalent to his dead mother, thereby functioning as the novel’s central symbol of grief-induced confusion?
|
The fish.
|
Fish
|
[
{
"content": "In Faulkner’s 1930 novel “As I Lay Dying,” what single object does Vardaman Bundren repeatedly assert is equivalent to his dead mother, thereby functioning as the novel’s central symbol of grief-induced confusion?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The fish.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
[
{
"content": "In Faulkner’s 1930 novel “As I Lay Dying,” what single object does Vardaman Bundren repeatedly assert is equivalent to his dead mother, thereby functioning as the novel’s central symbol of grief-induced confusion?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Fish",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
kimi
|
gptoss-120
|
[
1,
1,
3
] |
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