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What is the function of the Indian hedgehog protein in chondrocytes? | Indian hedgehog is a protein that regulates endochondral differentiation and ossification in both a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)-dependent and -independent manner by activating transcriptional mediator Gli2 and is an essential factor for proper skeletal development. | 1,889 | [
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] |
Is low T3 syndrome related with high BNP in cardiac patients? | BNP and fT3 are independently associated in severely compromised HF patients.
NT-pro-BNP was significantly associated with low-T3 syndrome in cardiac patients.
Higher NT-pro BNP concentrations are related to lower total T3 concentrations in cardiac patients | 649 | [
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] |
Which proteins are regulated by Nrf2? | Keap1-Nrf2 system is known as a sensor of electrophilic compounds, and protects cells from oxidative stress through induction of various antioxidant enzymes. | 2,628 | [
27278863,
27507633,
26846360,
27308893,
27369375
] |
Can MVA85A confer immunity against smallpox? | No MVA85A is a candidate tuberculosis vaccine. | 3,339 | [
25726088
] |
Which tool has been developed for proteome-wide detection of membrane lipid-binding proteins? | MBPpred is a profile Hidden Markov Model based method capable of detecting Membrane Binding Proteins (MBPs) from information encoded in their amino acid sequence. | 4,689 | [
27048983
] |
What is LedPred? | LedPred is an R/bioconductor package to predict regulatory sequences using support vector machines. LedPred is provided as an R/Bioconductor package connected to an online server to avoid installation of non-R software. Due to the heterogeneous CRM feature integration, LedPred excels at the prediction of regulatory sequences in Drosophila and mouse datasets compared with similar SVM-based software. | 2,020 | [
26628586
] |
Is there a way to distinguish COVID-19 clinically from other respiratory illnesses, particularly influenza? | No, the clinical features of COVID-19 overlap substantially with influenza and other respiratory viral illnesses. There is no way to distinguish among them without testing. | 4,535 | [
32903584,
34016193,
33135801,
32856744,
32445165,
33537361,
32542934,
33742041,
32881022
] |
Has tocilizumab been assessed against Covid-19? | Preliminary clinical results have indicated that tocilizumab, can improve the outcomes of patients with severe or critical COVID-19 while maintaining a good safety profile. | 3,744 | [
33262810
] |
List BET proteins. | BRD2
BRD3
BRD4
Bdf1 | 2,589 | [
26590112,
28733670,
28068333,
28063381,
25575605
] |
In which kingdom do microsporidia belong, according to their current classification scheme? | Traditionally, microsporidia were considered as protozoans, but recently they have been reclassified as the earliest-diverging clade of sequenced fungi. Microsporidia are a diverse group of obligate, intracellular, eukaryotic, spore-forming parasites; they are ubiquitous fungi, with genomes that have undergone a strong reduction. | 759 | [
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] |
Which R/bioconductor package has been developed to aid in epigenomic analysis? | DeepBlueR is a package that allows for large-scale epigenomic analysis in R. | 2,427 | [
28334349
] |
Which calcium channels does ethosuximide target? | Ethosuximide blocks the T-type calcium channels. | 849 | [
11641441,
19005061,
26089446,
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15078185,
21596106,
21112351,
10882031,
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17291698,
15638774,
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] |
Is Figitumumab effective for non-small cell lung cancer? | No. Phase III trials of the anti-insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) antibody figitumumab in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have been discontinued owing to lack of survival benefit. Adding figitumumab to standard chemotherapy also failed to increase overall survival in patients with advanced nonadenocarcinoma NSCLC. | 3,348 | [
23826179,
21907495,
28104361,
24888810,
20676809,
21717907,
21102589
] |
Which is the genetic cause for the development of Fanconi anemia complementation group D1? | Fanconi anemia complementation group D1 (FANCD1) was shown to be induced by biallelic mutations in the BRCA2 breast-cancer-susceptibility gene. | 595 | [
14695169,
16920162,
18212739,
14559878,
15695377,
15645491,
12383764
] |
What methodology does the HercepTest use? | The HercepTest is immunohistochemistry based. | 4,105 | [
32256703
] |
Are ACTA1 (alpha actin) and NEB (nebulin) genes related to nemaline myopathy? | Yes, most nemaline myopathy patients have mutations in the nebulin (NEB) or skeletal muscle alpha-actin (ACTA1) genes. | 1,139 | [
15564032,
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] |
Is Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 a phosphaturic hormone? | Yes, fbroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphaturic hormone. | 1,000 | [
24466013,
25380933,
24434184,
25007710,
24991914,
25636143,
25404658,
26131357,
24980542
] |
Describe July Effect. | The July effect is the hypothetical increase in morbidity and mortality thought to be associated with the influx of new (or newly promoted) trainees during the first portion of the academic year (in July). | 804 | [
23737378,
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] |
What is known about diseases associated with mutations in the CHCHD10 gene? | Mutation c.197G>T p.G66V in CHCHD10 is the cause of the lower motor neuron syndrome LOSMoN/SMAJ.
Mutations in the CHCHD10 gene have been identified in a large family with a complex phenotype variably associating frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cerebellar ataxia, myopathy, and hearing impairment.
Other findings links CHCHD10 mutations to mitochondrial myopathy. | 1,300 | [
24934289,
25155093,
25428574,
25193783
] |
Which genes are implicated in short QT syndrome? | The genes that are implicated in short QT syndrome are KCNJ2, KCNH2, CACNA2D1 and KCNQ1. | 1,126 | [
20126594,
15828882,
21130771,
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] |
Which company developed eptinezumab? | Eptinezumab was developed by Lundbeck Seattle BioPharmaceuticals. | 3,876 | [
32266704
] |
Is there increased incidence of incontinence in athletes? | There is a very high prevalence of urinary incontinence in women athletes. | 1,335 | [
20890872,
15385857,
16953954,
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] |
Summarize Fanconi's anemia | Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal or X-linked genetic disorder characterized by chromosomal breakages, congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure (BMF), and cancer. | 4,326 | [
34585473,
19728769,
11759873,
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] |
What is the function of BAX | BAX is a central death regulator that controls apoptosis in normal and cancer cells | 2,042 | [
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] |
In which proteins is the chromodomain present? | The chromodomain (chromatin organizer modifier domain) is a highly conserved motif, 40-50 amino acids in length, present in a wide range of animal and plant proteins involved in chromatin organization. Chromodomain-containing proteins can be classified into boader families based, particularly, on the presence of other types of domains. Chromodomain is present in: the heterochromatin proteins HP1 alpha and HP1 beta, chromointgrases (e.g. Tf1 integrase) the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding proteins (CHD) and CHD 1-like (CHD1L), CReMM (chromatin-related mesenchymal modulator), dna methyltransferase 3 (cmt3), the chromointegrase of the LTR-retrotransposons, the Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, the mouse Polycomb homologs (Cbx2, Cbx4, Cbx6, Cbx7, Cbx8), the chromodomain Y chromosome (CDY) family of proteins and the CDY-like protein (CDYL), the histone acetyltransferases TgMYST-A and –B, MRG-1 and -15 (MORF4-Related Gene on chromosome 15), ADP/ATP translocase 1, MPP8, MSL3, NlMof, Chp1, Chriz, dMi-2, Corto, cpSRP43, KISMET, PICKLE (PKL), ScoHET1 and ScoHET2.
| 140 | [
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] |
What are sirtuins? | Seven sirtuins have been identified in humans, and their functions currently surpass their originally identified role as histone deacetylase and chromatin silencers to encompass nutrient sensing and metabolic function. All seven sirtuins require NAD(+) in order to carry out their enzymatic activity, and thus become activated in conditions of nutrient depletion, starvation, and cellular stress. | 2,098 | [
26796034,
26463981,
26961318
] |
Which genes/proteins have been found to inhibit cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)? | The p15(ink4b) and p16(ink4a) CDK4 inhibitor genes map within the chromosome band 9p21 region deleted frequently in various cancers.The Cdk4 inhibitor p18(Ink4c) is a tumor suppressor. Recent studies of Cyclin D1/Cdk4 have proposed that p21(Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1) plays a key role as a potent Cdk4 inhibitor. p27KIP1 is also a cdk4 ihibitor. | 1,358 | [
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9973200,
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11790141
] |
Does strenuous physical activity affect thyroid hormone metabolism? | YES | 154 | [
18057380,
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8325717,
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596247,
14637241,
3101339
] |
What kind of approaches you need to combine in order to manage Familial spontaneous pneumothorax? | Clinical, radiological and genetic approaches | 4,308 | [
34145047
] |
Which are the lipid lowering drugs administered in patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)? | The lipid lowering drugs administered in patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) are:
1) Statins
2) Fibrates
3) Resins
4) Niacin
5) Cholesterol absorption-inhibiting drugs. | 1,824 | [
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Are mucin overexpression associated with disease? | Yes,
mucins are overexpressed in various malignancies and inflammations. | 3,996 | [
33300069,
32195770,
31729101,
31837357
] |
What are the known families of deadenylases? | All known deadenylases belong to either the DEDD or the exonuclease–endonuclease–phosphatase (EEP) superfamily. Members of DEDD include the POP2, CAF1Z, PARN and PAN2 families. Members of EEP include the CCR4, Nocturnin, ANGEL and 2'-PDE families. | 871 | [
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Cushing's disease is associated with a tumor in what part of the body? | Cushing's disease is associated with a tumor in the pituitary gland | 3,310 | [
28413388,
15521676,
31666445,
22918543,
30148086,
28850717
] |
What organism causes scarlet fever also known as scarletina? | Scarlet fever is a disease which can occur as a result of a group A streptococcus (group A strep), group C Streptococcus and Streptococcus hemolyticus infection. | 2,574 | [
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Which is the conserved motif of DEAD box proteins? | The conserved motif is: Asp(D)-Glu-(E)-Ala(A)-Asp(D) | 2,336 | [
7731693
] |
Which protein mediates gene loop formation in the yeast S. cerevisiae? | Moreover, looping is dependent upon the general transcription factor TFIIB: the E62K (glutamic acid 62 --> lysine) form of TFIIB adversely affects looping at every gene tested, including BLM10, SAC3, GAL10, SEN1, and HEM3. TFIIB crosslinks to both the promoter and terminator regions of the PMA1 and BLM10 genes, and its association with the terminator, but not the promoter, is adversely affected by E62K and by depletion of the Ssu72 component of the CPF 3' end processing complex, and is independent of TBP. | 2,032 | [
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21835917,
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24124207,
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] |
What tyrosine kinase, involved in a Philadelphia- chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia, is the target of Imatinib (Gleevec)? | The fusion protein BCR-ABL | 329 | [
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Where can you find the annulus of Zinn? | Annulus of Zinn is in the orbit. | 1,921 | [
16917665,
11601571,
8604741,
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8827557,
25744329,
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] |
The formation of which inflammatory molecule is regulated by MAP3K8 (TPL2)? | MAP3K8 (Tpl2) regulates the formation of inflammatory molecule IL-1β | 4,198 | [
24586913,
30463908,
19933865,
24517997,
20736176,
27261457,
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] |
Is there an association between borna virus and brain tumor? | There is no data to suggest an association between borna virus and brain tumor. Borna disease virus establishes a persistent infection in the central nervous system of vertebrate animal species as well as in tissue cultures causing cellular damage. Infected neural cells, include astrocytes, neurons, oligodendroglioma cell line. Borna disease virus replicates and can cause damage of brain cells. | 388 | [
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Sweat Chloride Testing is used for which disease? | Sweat Chloride Testing is used to diagnose cystic fibrosis. CFTR dysfunction can be demonstrated using sweat chloride testing. | 2,989 | [
28852705,
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Which gene mutations are predictive of response to anti-TNF therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients? | Μutations in TLR5 and TLR1 genes contribute to differential response to anti-TNF treatment in RA. Variation at FCGR2A and functionally related genes such as DHX32 and RGS12 is also associated with the response to anti-TNF therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. | 2,213 | [
25848939,
26440629,
22044414
] |
Is CXCL7 a chemokine? | Yes, CXCL7 is a chemokine highly expressed in platelets. | 2,669 | [
28368308,
28245630
] |
What gene is mutated in Huntington's disease? | Huntington disease (HD; OMIM 143100), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by an expanded trinucleotide CAG (polyQ) motif in the HTT gene. Mutations of the huntingtin protein (HTT) gene underlie both adult-onset and juvenile forms of Huntington's disease (HD). | 1,809 | [
8985734,
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Do orphan and gene related CpG islands follow power-law-like distributions? | Yes. Orphan and gene related CpG Islands follow power-law-like distributions in several genomes. The observed distributional pattern is independent of the analogous pattern that protein coding segments were reported to follow. | 231 | [
25242375
] |
How are SAHFS created? | Cellular senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHFS) are a novel type of chromatin condensation involving alterations of linker histone H1 and linker DNA-binding proteins. SAHFS can be formed by a variety of cell types, but their mechanism of action remains unclear. | 3,640 | [
23232545,
17579878,
17158953,
24006061,
16901784,
22795131,
23964094
] |
What is the role of the IRE1a-XBP1 pathway? | The IRE1a-XBP1 pathway is a conserved adaptive mediator of the unfolded protein response, playing an important role in the regulation of cell differentiation. | 4,130 | [
30355343
] |
Which NADPH oxidase family member requires interaction with NOXO1 for function? | NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) requires interaction with NOXO1 for function. | 1,879 | [
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] |
What are the treatments of choice for GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)? | The surgical resection is a treatment of choice for gastrointestinal stromal tumors. It has been shown that adequate surgical resection correlates with high 5-years survival rates for patients with gastric GIST. When they are localized, the treatment of choice is surgical excision, but advanced tumors have a limited response to chemo or radiotherapy. Imatinib (STI571 or Glivec) is a selective inhibitor or tyrosine kinase proteins that has been used successfully in the treatment of advanced GIST. | 934 | [
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What is the mechanism of action of Tisagenlecleucel? | Tisagenlecleucel CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CART19) product that cause reprogramming a patient's own T cells with a transgene encoding a chimeric antigen receptor to identify and eliminate CD19-expressing cells. Its is is approved for children and young adults with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | 2,384 | [
28751490,
29039115,
29058636,
28935694,
29143249,
28887358
] |
Which are the clinical characteristics of Tuberous Sclerosis? | The clinical characteristics of Tuberous Sclerosis include epilepsy, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, rhabdomyoma, renal angiomyolipomas, cortical tubers, neurofibromas, angiofibromas, mental retardation, and behavioral disorders. | 862 | [
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] |
Which E3 ubiquitin ligase mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of the interferon receptor type 1 (IFNAR1)? | Ubiquitination and degradation of the IFNAR1 (interferon alpha receptor 1) subunit of the type I interferon (IFN) receptor is mediated by the SCFbeta-Trcp (Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein beta transducin repeat-containing protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. | 1,342 | [
16551269,
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19948722,
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] |
What colonoscopy findings have been reported in autism | Endoscopy trials have demonstrated a higher prevalence of nonspecific colitis, lymphoid hyperplasia and focally enhanced gastritis compared with controls. | 1,724 | [
19214283,
11241044,
16003132,
11007230
] |
Does the chromatin remodeling complex, RSC target H2A.Z nucleosomes? | H2A.Z probably helps RSC in keeping the gene nucleosome-free. | 3,384 | [
18268003,
22122340,
19410542,
21266479,
25813039
] |
What is the function of the chromHMM software? | ChromHMM learns chromatin-state signatures using a multivariate hidden Markov model (HMM) that explicitly models the combinatorial presence or absence of each mark . It uses these signatures to generate a genome-wide annotation for each cell type by calculating the most probable state for each genomic segment . Chromatin states are learned, annotations are produced, and enrichments are computed within 1 d . | 3,851 | [
31695717,
27706663,
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30309205,
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25810430
] |
What is Amyand hernia? | An Amyand hernia is a rare disease where the appendix is found within an inguinal hernia sac, which may or may not contain other abdominal contents or pathologic inflammatory changes. | 3,606 | [
19478627,
24765286,
29875977,
24303691,
29455120,
23591313,
30049909,
17990042,
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29753277
] |
List core circadian clock genes. | The core circadian clock genes are CLOCK, BMAL1, Per, and Cry. | 906 | [
25013953,
25888034,
26131842,
24919398,
25025868,
24454829,
24378737,
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] |
What are Septins? | Septins are an evolutionarily conserved family of GTP-binding proteins. They are involved in diverse processes including cytokinesis, apoptosis, infection, neurodegeneration and neoplasia. In yeast, septins assemble into a highly ordered array of filaments at the mother bud neck in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Septins have been implicated in a diverse range of cancers, including gastric cancer, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. | 1,931 | [
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Is Alu hypomethylation associated with breast cancer? | Yes, Alu elements were found to be hypomethylated in breast cancer, especially in the HER2-enriched subtype. Furthermore, Alu hypomethylation was identified as a late event during breast cancer progression, and in invasive breast cancer, tended to be associated with negative estrogen receptor status and poor disease-free survival of the patients. | 24 | [
20682973,
24971511
] |
Super-SILAC is a method used in quantitative proteomics. What is the super-SILAC mix?
(SILAC: Stable Isotopic labelling by aminoacids in cell culture) | The Super-SILAC mix consists of the combination of multiple SILAC-labeled cell lines. | 1,498 | [
22278370,
22442255,
21293456,
22623409,
20364148,
23090970,
20431548
] |
What is the route of administration of eptinezumab? | Eptinezumab is administered intravenously. | 4,307 | [
32266704
] |
What is the main application of SWATH-MS in proteomics? | Using the method called SWATH-MS one might ask sample sets for the presence and quantity of essentially any protein of interest. | 940 | [
23227840,
23811049,
22261725,
23322582
] |
Which tools have been developed for identifying and visualising ncRNA promoters? | Epd, ncpro-ml and ucsc genome browser are tools that have been developed for identifying and visualising ncRNA promoters. | 3,885 | [
33005306,
31680159
] |
List clinical features of the IMAGe syndrome. | Clinical features of IMAGe syndrome include intra-uterine growth restriction, metaphyseal dysplasia, adrenal hypoplasia congenita and genital abnormalities. It is s caused by gain-of-function mutations of maternally expressed gene CDKN1C on chromosome 11p15.5. | 2,212 | [
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16835919,
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22634751
] |
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is a drug target and is involved in what biosynthetic pathway | Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) mediates the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis | 3,160 | [
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] |
Can we use prodrug amifostine to protect healthy cell during chemotherapy? | Effective radiotherapy for patients with cancer should include maximal tumor cell killing with minimal injury to normal tissue. However, current radiation doses that can be delivered without causing severe damage to surrounding normal tissues are often insufficient to eradicate a tumor. Recently, a number of agents have been developed to protect normal tissue from the harmful effects of antitumor therapies. The aminothiol amifostine (Ethyol; Alza Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA/US Bioscience, West Conshohocken, PA) has been the subject of extensive research as a prospective protector. While this drug has been approved for use to reduce toxicities associated with cisplatin, several studies also have demonstrated that amifostine protects normal tissues from both acute and late radiation damage without protecting the tumor. Consequently, higher radiation doses could be used with less than or equal risk to surrounding normal tissues. | 1,737 | [
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] |
What is the predicted function for TMEM132 family? | The TMEM132 family proteins are strongly predicted to have a cellular adhesion function, connecting the extracellular medium with the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. | 2,918 | [
29088312
] |
Which molecule is inhibited by larotrectinib? | Larotrectinib is oral, potent, and selective inhibitor of tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRK). It demonstrated unprecedented efficacy on unresectable or metastatic solid tumors with neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK)-fusion proteins in adult and pediatric patients. | 2,985 | [
30069765,
28578312,
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29466156,
30350734,
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30204247,
29606586
] |
Which is the RNA sequence of the canonical polyadenylation signal? | A polyadenylation signal (AAUAAA) nearby the 3' end of pre-mRNA is required for poly(A) synthesis. | 1,119 | [
22306880,
19509282,
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24152550,
19032167,
21943048,
22056681,
24177577,
18658125,
19041263,
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] |
Phlorotannin is extracted from what plant? | Phlorotannin is extracted from Brown Seaweed or brown Algae | 3,103 | [
22612266,
30072652,
29342865,
28946360,
29344826,
29608860
] |
Which drugs are included in the MAID chemotherapy regimen for sarcoma? | MAID chemotherapy regimen for sarcomas include mesna, adriamycin, ifosfamide and dacarbazine. | 4,153 | [
2050307,
7672707,
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] |
Which disease is treated with ZMapp? | ZMapp is a combination of antibodies for treatment of Ebola virus disease. | 2,089 | [
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] |
What is the mode of action of Thiazovivin? | Thiazovivin is a selective small molecule that directly targets Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and increases expression of pluripotency factors. | 4,208 | [
28849097,
27647250,
25490878
] |
Which intraflagellar transport (IFT) motor protein has been linked to human skeletal ciliopathies? | Cytoplasmic dynein-2 (dynein-2) performs intraflagellar transport and is associated with human skeletal ciliopathies | 920 | [
24140113,
25470043,
24183451,
25205765
] |
Are conserved noncoding elements associated with developmental genes? | Yes. Numerous studies suggest that conserved noncoding elements span developmental regulatory genes and define regulatory domains. | 809 | [
19562753,
16630819,
21175683,
17387144,
16859531,
19073165,
18282512,
16533910,
19698106,
18279518
] |
Which is the human selenoprotein that contains several Se-Cys residues? | Selenoprotein P, that contains 10 selenocysteines. | 105 | [
19345254,
11122377,
10692426,
20417644,
7637580,
15104205,
9288402,
17000762,
15777501
] |
What does Prevnar 13 consist of? | Prevnar 13 consists of 13 serotype-specific polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), each covalently conjugated to a non-toxic immunogenic carrier protein. | 3,135 | [
26242768
] |
Which class of genes are mutated in Diamond Blackfan Anemia patients? | Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is characterized by a defect of erythroid progenitors and, clinically, by anemia and malformations. Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited erythroblastopenia associated with mutations in at least 8 different ribosomal protein genes. Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital disease affecting erythroid precursor differentiation. Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital disease characterized by defective erythroid progenitor maturation and physical malformations. | 2,169 | [
16990592,
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] |
Does cucumber lower blood sugar in diabetics? | Yes. Based on several scientific reports, ethanolic extract of cucumber and some other Cucurbitaceae plants are associated with a significant reduction of elevated blood glucose level, suggesting that cucumber could have antidiabetic activity. | 1,658 | [
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] |
Which virus can be diagnosed with the monospot test? | Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can be detected with the monospot test. EBV is a highly prevalent virus, transmitted via saliva, which often causes asymptomatic infection in children but frequently results in infectious mononucleosis in adolescents. | 2,366 | [
24650116,
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24686796,
26275628,
22123662,
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21045362,
6270614,
28130396
] |
Which gene is involved in the development of Barth syndrome? | Tafazzin is a mitochondrial phospholipid transacylase, and its mutations cause Barth syndrome (BTHS) | 263 | [
25941633,
24813252,
20981509,
25776009,
16794186,
23523468,
25247053,
16442164,
24093814,
16857210,
24342716,
22023389,
24801725
] |
Is Keutel syndrome a common genetic disorder? | No, Keutel syndrome (OMIM 245150) is a very rare syndrome | 4,315 | [
23857752,
32821457,
23917590
] |
What is particular about the mouse Fxy gene's chromosomal position? | We have previously described a gene, Fxy , that spans the pseudoautosomal boundary in mice such that the first three exons of the gene are located on the X chromosome, but the remainder of the gene is located on both X and Y chromosomes. The Fxy gene in mice is also located on the X chromosome but spans the pseudoautosomal boundary in this species. | 3,365 | [
10508587,
10644436,
9425238
] |
What is trichotillomania? | Trichotillomania is a hair pulling disorder. | 1,814 | [
26001984,
26580849,
27137957
] |
Which is the methyl donor of histone methyltransferases? | The major methyl donor of histone methyltransferases (HMTs) is S-adenosyl-L–methionine (SAM, AdoMet). | 1,084 | [
15292170,
18790802,
8123667,
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6282265,
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196592,
20303346,
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] |
Which type of GTPases is required for amino acid-dependent activation of mTORC1? | Heterodimeric Rag GTPases are required for amino-acid-mediated mTORC1 activation at the lysosome | 987 | [
25936802,
25567906,
25567907,
21981924,
25263562,
24337580,
24095279,
22424946,
24081491,
23863162,
24698685
] |
Which are the synonyms of prostate-specific antigen? | Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a 33 kDa single chain glycoprotein belonging to the kallikrein family of serine proteases which is produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. PSA is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. PSA is also known as human kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (hK3). | 781 | [
19079621
] |
Does αCGRP have amyloidogenic properties? | Yes. αCGRP, a 37-residue-long peptide hormone, is a novel amyloidogenic member of the CGRP family | 4,299 | [
29501724
] |
What is a bacteriocin? | Bacteriocins, the ribosomally produced antimicrobial peptides of bacteria, represent an untapped source of promising antibiotic alternatives.
One such strategy involves using narrow-spectrum protein antibiotics (so-called bacteriocins), which diverse bacteria use to compete against closely related species. | 3,891 | [
31705720,
31483516,
31794868
] |
What is the first line treatment for sarcoidosis? | Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease that affects numerous organs, commonly manifesting at the lungs and skin. Corticosteroids remain the first line of treatment. | 2,514 | [
24753153,
16536004,
23884295,
17081481,
27421131,
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26204816,
28474323,
29137908,
26419478,
28696638,
27817209,
28056473,
10719453,
23880702,
23538719
] |
List 3 indications for rituximab. | Rituximab is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis as well as poly- and dermatomyositis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and Pemphigus foliaceus (PF). | 3,236 | [
23735074,
28633733,
28536935,
29606668,
30358861,
28185174,
23700188,
27603326
] |
Are there roles for cohesin mutations in AML? | Yes. Several landmark studies have shown that cohesin mutations perturb the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Emerging data now begin to uncover the molecular mechanisms that underpin this phenotype. Among these mechanisms is a role for cohesin in the control of inflammatory responses in HSPCs and myeloid cells. Inflammatory signals limit HSPC self-renewal and drive HSPC differentiation. Consistent with this, cohesin mutations promote resistance to inflammatory signals, and may provide a selective advantage for AML progression. | 4,699 | [
31552185
] |
The small molecule SEA0400 is an inhibitor of which ion antiporter/exchanger? | The effects of SEA0400, a selective inhibitor of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX), on Na(+)-dependent Ca(2+) uptake and catecholamine (CA) release were examined in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells that were loaded with Na(+) by treatment with ouabain and veratridine. SEA0400 inhibited Na(+)-dependent (45)Ca(2+) uptake and CA release, with the IC(50) values of 40 and 100 nM, respectively. | 1,002 | [
21672583,
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20447431,
16497099,
19423954,
22119380,
15878358,
17727839,
23441899,
17310075,
18855935
] |
Describe CapSim | CapSim is a software package for simulation of targeted capture sequencing. Given a genome sequence and a set of probes, CapSim simulates the fragmentation, the dynamics of probe hybridization and the sequencing of the captured fragments on Illumina and PacBio sequencing platforms. The simulated data can be used for evaluating the performance of the analysis pipeline, as well as the efficiency of the probe design. Parameters of the various stages in the sequencing process can also be evaluated in order to optimize the experiments.Availability and implementation: CapSim is publicly available under BSD license at https://github.com/Devika1/capsim. | 3,083 | [
29092025
] |
Does replication timing affect the rate of somatic mutations? | Mutation rate, as reflected in recent evolutionary divergence and human nucleotide diversity, is markedly increased in later-replicating regions of the human genome. All classes of substitutions are affected, suggesting a generalized mechanism involving replication time-dependent DNA damage. DNA repair systems, in general, are less efficient in late replicating heterochromatic regions compared to early replicating euchromatic regions of the genome. In yeast the mutation rate increases with the replication timing by more than 30% between the earliest and the latest replicating regions. Limited evidence from one chromosome arm in Drosophila melanogaster suggests the opposite pattern, with regions overlapping early-firing origins showing increased levels of diversity and divergence. In humans DNA replication patterns help shape the mutational landscapes of normal and cancer genomes. | 888 | [
23271586,
23422670,
9560368,
23327985,
23821616,
22046001,
22023572,
21666225,
19287383,
24598232,
22114361,
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] |
Are genomic regulatory blocks (GRBs) any different than TADs? | No, clusters of CNEs (GRBs) strongly coincide with topological organisation, predicting the boundaries of hundreds of topologically associating domains (TADs) in human and Drosophila. The set of TADs that are associated with high levels of noncoding conservation exhibit distinct properties compared to TADs devoid of extreme noncoding conservation. The close correspondence between extreme noncoding conservation and TADs suggests that these TADs are ancient, revealing a regulatory architecture conserved over hundreds of millions of years. | 3,336 | [
28874668
] |
what is the role of TGFbeta in cardiac regeneration after myocardial injury? | TGFβ is activated in the myocardium in response to injury and plays a crucial role in cardiac repair by suppressing inflammation while promoting myofibroblast phenotypic modulation and extracellular matrix deposition. In fact, upregulation of TGF-beta signaling promotes the formation of a myofibroblast-like phenotype. TGF-beta interacts with bone morphogenic protein and Wnt pathways to form a complex signaling network that is critical in regulating the fate choices of both stromal and tissue-specific resident stem cells, determining whether functional regeneration or the formation of scar tissue follows an injury. In addition, TGF-beta enhances the formation of cardiospheres and could potentially enhance the regenerative potential of adult cardiac progenitor cells. | 537 | [
18832581,
21611174,
22982064,
23293297,
22765842,
18620057,
23270300,
23166366
] |
Is NEMO a zinc finger protein? | NEMO function is mediated by two distal ubiquitin binding domains located in the regulatory C-terminal domain of the protein: the coiled-coil 2-leucine zipper (CC2-LZ) domain and the zinc finger (ZF) domain. | 2,246 | [
28035815,
21622571,
25734227,
26224629,
28814200,
24100029
] |
Which is the main reason for the increase in the incidence of cryptococcal disease? | It is an increasing cause of infection in immunosuppressed patients, most notably those with HIV infection. Currently, 4.0% patients with AIDS in the United Kingdom are known to have developed cryptococcosis. The incidence of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans has increased four-fold in the last decade. | 2,695 | [
19127040,
16034947,
14716388,
16011530,
8228302,
19009138,
21905781,
11428412
] |
Is METTL3 an m6A writer, reader or eraser? | The methyltransferase METTL3 is an m6A writer. | 4,663 | [
34535671
] |