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Iliac versus cranial bone for secondary grafting of residual alveolar clefts. Secondary bone grafting of the maxilla in the mixed transitional dentition stage has become a well-accepted procedure in the surgical protocol for rehabilitation of patients with residual alveolar clefts. This retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the long-term results obtained with iliac or cranial cancellous bone graft material in the area of alveolar clefts and was based on the independent experience of two plastic surgeons from the same center using exclusively cranial or iliac cancellous bone, respectively. The criteria for surgery were similar. The surgical technique, with the exception of the bone-grafting material, also was similar, and all patients were treated by the same group of orthodontists. Fifteen patients from each group, from a total of over 100 patients, were randomly selected and included in the study. All patients were followed up from 18 to 60 months. Operative and perioperative parameters, donor-site morbidity, and long-term results were evaluated, compared, and analyzed. There were no significant differences between the two groups, and equally good results in terms of bone incorporation, tooth eruption, and appearance were obtained with both iliac and cranial bone grafts. We conclude from our study that successful bone grafting is primarily achieved by adherence to meticulous surgical technique, simultaneous closure of coexisting oronasal or palatal fistulae, use of cancellous bone particles only, and coverage of the grafts with well-vascularized flaps. The source of bone graft does not seem to primarily influence the success of the outcome.

[Proton pump inhibitors and their effect on the bone]. The proton pump inhibitors are commonly used drugs for the treatment of the digestive disorders. Many patients require long-term maintenance therapy. The prolonged acid inhibition is considered to be safe, but recently, the attention has been paid to the possible effects on the bone metabolism and the higher incidence of the fractures in patients using the PPIs.The aim of this work is to give a complex overview on the topic and analyse the source of information about the increased risk of the fractures. Several epidemiological studies describe the incidence of the fractures in the patients with PPIs. Further articles, mainly describing the effect of the bisphosphonate therapy for the osteoporosis, also track the PPI effects. The studies dealing with the articles on densitometry targeting on the effect of the PPIs on the bone metabolism are rare. It is not possible to unequivocally determinate the risks of the long term PPI therapy on bone based on the existing studies due to the heterogenous populations, multimorbidity of the patients and the concurrent medication. Untill now, no study has evaluated the incidence of the risk events based on the indication of the long-term therapy. Routine monitoring of the bone parameters during the PPI therapy is not recommended. The safety of the long-term PPI therapy should be based on the clear indication of the prescription.

CATALINA 30 PERFECT VIEWS FROM EVERY ANGLE. CATALINA 30 THE CENTER OF ATTENTION. Catalina 30 Catalina 30 SPECS & FEATURES GALLERY Video UPHOLSTERY 360 Degrees of Perfection. This is the essence of quality and comfort. The Pilothouse design protects passengers from the elements while providing unobstructed views in every direction, and easy movement around the entire deck. Invite 12 aboard…there’s room – and a view – for everyone. Color Selections + Gelcoat colors Non-metallic paint colors Metallic paint colors Standard vinyl colors GALLERY / CATALINA 30 Video / Catalina 30 UPHOLSTERY / CATALINA 30 Only the highest quality marine vinyl and custom fabrics are selected for Chris-Craft interiors. Choose from 9 solid and two-tone color combinations to create the Catalina 30 Pilothouse that is uniquely yours. Thank you! Our website uses cookies to collect information. Cookies used help us to understand how our customers use our website, allowing us to better assist in your boat buying process, and deliver ads or information that is relevant to you. Read more on our privacy policy here.

June 2013 "According to the grace of God given to me, like a skilled master builder I laid a foundation, and someone else is building on it." Paul is talking here about how he started the church. Well, back in 1874, A.M. Bailey, the first appointed pastor, laid a foundation for a Methodist congregation in Willow Glen. Over the years, many pastors and lay people have built on that foundation. And in 2007, the campaign to renovate Woodhaven and Kohlstedt Hall began. As you know, the recession hit hard just as the campaign was getting underway, and that made it impossible for us to complete the project. Six years later, there's some new people, a new pastor, and at last, a new sense of possibility in the economy. For a few centuries at least, the Christian Church was the counter-cultural movement in the Roman Empire. The Church completely redefined family. For perhaps the first time in history, people who were unrelated by blood were now sisters and brothers by faith. Reading these verses I got to thinking, if the church could redefine what family means in the first century, why can't we redefine it in the 21st century? Looking back at life from the farthest limits of the sea, finally, we are able to see. And what we see is that all of those days spent complaining about the things we didn't have could've been much better spent giving thanks for the things we did have. And that's not all. We also see that the people who blessed us on our way are a lot more important than the people who hurt us along the way. We come to face the fact that everything we've ever done was made possible by gifts we were given, or to put it more theologically, by grace alone. When we get to that place at the farthest limits of the sea, whether it be in our 30's, 40's, 50's, 60's, 70's, or beyond, that's where gratitude is born.

Q: Parse only Hour:Minute:Second using pandas I have the following data: 23:10:50 all 28.36 0.00 0.38 0.25 0.00 71.02 23:10:51 all 22.77 0.00 0.84 0.12 0.00 76.27 23:10:52 all 32.06 0.00 0.86 0.00 0.00 67.08 23:10:53 all 31.38 0.00 0.61 0.00 0.00 68.01 23:10:54 all 27.17 0.00 1.36 0.25 0.00 71.22 23:10:55 all 37.48 0.00 0.75 0.00 0.00 61.77 23:10:56 all 29.02 0.00 0.75 1.76 0.00 68.47 23:10:57 all 41.82 0.00 1.37 0.12 0.00 56.68 23:10:58 all 29.01 0.00 1.10 0.00 0.00 69.89 23:10:59 all 37.00 0.00 1.50 1.88 0.00 59.62 23:11:00 all 44.25 0.00 1.12 0.00 0.00 54.62 23:11:01 all 27.72 0.00 0.62 0.00 0.00 71.66 23:11:02 all 30.71 0.00 1.11 0.00 0.00 68.18 23:11:03 all 27.40 0.00 0.62 0.00 0.00 71.98 ... Which I parse with pandas the following way: dateparse = lambda x: pd.datetime.strptime(x, '%H:%M:%S') data = pd.read_csv('../../data/cpu.dat', delim_whitespace=True, header=None, usecols=[0,2,4,7], names=['Time','User','System','Idle'], parse_dates=[0], date_parser=dateparse) The first column is Hour:Minutes:Seconds, and my intention is that pandes parses it that way. However it creates the following: 0 1900-01-01 23:10:50 1 1900-01-01 23:10:51 2 1900-01-01 23:10:52 3 1900-01-01 23:10:53 4 1900-01-01 23:10:54 5 1900-01-01 23:10:55 6 1900-01-01 23:10:56 7 1900-01-01 23:10:57 8 1900-01-01 23:10:58 9 1900-01-01 23:10:59 10 1900-01-01 23:11:00 11 1900-01-01 23:11:01 12 1900-01-01 23:11:02 13 1900-01-01 23:11:03 Any way of getting rid of the Year-Month-Day added? Regards, Max A: Try this, where timestr is the name of the column that contains string representations of times: data['time'] = pd.to_datetime(data['timestr']).dt.time

Introduction ============ Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide and its incidence has been increasing rapidly. Mucinous breast carcinoma (MBC) is a relatively rare type of tumor accounting for only 1%--6% of all breast cancers \\[[@B1][@B2][@B3]\\]. MBCs are associated with a good prognosis and have a better prognosis than that for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). They usually occur in women aged above 60 years and in postmenopausal women. MBCs consist of small clusters of tumor cells with large amounts of extracellular and extra-luminal mucus in direct contact with the stroma \\[[@B3][@B4][@B5]\\]. However, the presence of the mucinous carcinoma pattern in a breast mass is not a guarantee of good prognosis. Attentive gross examination and generous histologic sampling are necessary to ensure that the histologic pattern is pure and, thus, of prognostic significance \\[[@B4]\\]. MBCs are mostly positive for estrogen and/or progesterone receptors (ER/PR-positive) and negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2). Additionally, MBCs are less likely to involve the axillary lymph nodes (ALN) than other types of breast cancer. As such, although they are a form of invasive breast cancer, MBCs tend to be less aggressive and respond well to adjuvant treatment and ultimately have a good prognosis \\[[@B6][@B7][@B8]\\]. Different guidelines have been established for adjuvant systemic therapy of MBCs \\[[@B4][@B9]\\]. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline recommends treatment according to the hormone receptor status; patients who are hormone receptor-negative are recommended the same treatment as in other breast cancers with poor prognosis, while those who are hormone receptor-positive are recommended to consider chemotherapy only if they have node positivity. Early-stage MBC patients, such as those with N0 or N1mi stage, should receive endocrine therapy, while patients with node positivity (one or more metastases \\> 2 mm) could be administered adjuvant chemotherapy \\[[@B10]\\]. However, most treatment guidelines for adjuvant chemotherapy of MBC were derived from IDC treatment experiences. MBC is a relatively rare type of breast cancer; thus, most MBC studies included few patients and limited follow-up periods. Therefore, the treatment guidelines for MBC have not been rigorously validated \\[[@B11]\\]. Previous studies have shown that many MBC patients receive adjuvant chemotherapy \\[[@B6][@B12][@B13]\\]. However, adjuvant chemotherapy results in increased side effects, including toxicity, and whether adjuvant chemotherapy benefits survival from MBC remains unclear \\[[@B14]\\]. Therefore, given the good prognosis of MBC, adjuvant chemotherapy may be overtreatment. Using the Korean Breast Cancer Registry (KBCR), this study aimed to verify whether adjuvant chemotherapy has any clinical benefits in ER-positive MBC and whether adjuvant chemotherapy can be omitted in these patients. Methods ======= Data source ----------- The KBCR is a prospectively maintained, online-based database of the Korean Breast Cancer Society established in 1996 \\[[@B15]\\]. More than 100 hospitals throughout the Republic of Korea have voluntarily participated in this program. In 2013, the registry was estimated to include more than 65% of all newly diagnosed breast cancer patients in Korea \\[[@B16]\\]. Patient data on sex, age, tumor and nodal stage according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer classification, and surgical method are registered as essential data, while pathological findings, laboratory findings, treatment modality (endocrine therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) are optional data. Data on survival, including dates and causes of death, were obtained from the Korean Central Cancer Registry, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea updated on December 31, 2016. The KBCR database does not include the types and dates of tumor recurrence. Participant selection --------------------- Of the 3,076 patients recorded in the KBCR with a pathological diagnosis of MBC between January 1990 and August 2016, we excluded those who had a previous history of breast cancer, had not been treated for breast cancer, or were treated with neoadjuvant and palliative chemotherapy. We collected data on age at diagnosis, method of surgery, pathologic stage, histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), ER/PR/HER-2 status, p53, and type of adjuvant treatment. This study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Seoul St. Mary\\'s Hospital (IRB number: KC17RESI0649) and was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent from the patients was not required in this study. Study variables --------------- The primary variables analyzed were breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) for all MBC and ER-positive MBC patients. The secondary variable was the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy to ER-positive MBC. The BCSS and OS for MBC were calculated using data from the KBCR database. BCSS and OS were defined as the time from the first diagnosis of breast cancer to death from breast cancer and any other causes, respectively. Data were censored on December 31, 2016. Statistical analysis -------------------- Univariate and multivariate analyses for BCCS and OS were performed using a Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) model to estimate adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to adjust for prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate variables that were significant in the univariate analysis. The survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the chemotherapy and no chemotherapy groups were compared using the log-rank test to evaluate the survival difference. The *p*-values \\< 0.05 were considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed using the SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, USA) and IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA). Results ======= Patient characteristics ----------------------- A total of 2,988 MBC patients with available medical records were enrolled in this study. The median follow-up time was 100 months (range, 2--324 months). The mean age of the patients was 49.6 years (range, 20--90 years). Most (63%) patients were aged less than 50 years. Most MBC cases (2,806 patients \\[93.9%\\]) had T1 or T2-stage disease. A total of 2,449 (82.0%) patients had ALN negativity. Of the 493 (16.5%) patients with ALN metastasis, 381 (77.3%) and 112 (22.7%) had 1--3 and more than 4 metastases, respectively. In total, 2,581 (86.4%) and 2,143 (71.7%) patients were ER-positive and HER-2 negative, respectively. Of the 2,581 ER-positive patients, 2,135 (82.7%) had no ALN metastasis and 413 (16.0%) had ALN metastasis. Furthermore, 1,416 (47.4%) patients had received chemotherapy, 1,252 (42.0%) patients had not received chemotherapy, and 317 (10.6%) patients had no information about chemotherapy in the database. Among the 1,416 patients who received chemotherapy, 1,182 were ER-positive. Of the 1,182 ER-positive patients who underwent chemotherapy, 348 (29.4%) had ALN metastasis and 826 (70.4%) did not. During the study period, 190 (6.4%) deaths occurred, 57 (1.9%) of which were breast cancer-related. The detailed clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients with MBC are described in [Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}. ###### Clinicopathological characteristics of all MBC, ER(+) MBC, and ER(+) MBC with node(+) patients  Variables Total MBC (n = 2,988) ER(+) MBC (n = 2,581) ER(+) MBC with node(+) (n = 413) -------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------ Age (yr) ≤ 50 1,882 (63.0) 1,615 (62.6) 270 (65.4) \\> 50 1,106 (37.0) 966 (37.4) 143 (34.6) Sex Female 2,965 (99.2) 2,560 (99.2) 412 (99.8) Male 23 (0.8) 21 (0.8) 1 (0.2) Breast operation BCS 1,607 (55.3) 1,455 (56.4) 149 (36.1) Mastectomy 1,368 (44.3) 1,118 (43.3) 264 (63.9) Unknown 13 (0.4) 8 (0.3) 0 (0 ) Axillary operation SLNB 1,149 (38.5) 1,077 (41.7) 31 (7.5) ALND 1,796 (60.1) 1,473 (57.1) 382 (92.5) Unknown 43 (1.4) 31 (1.2) 0 (0) pT stage T1 1,548 (51.8) 1,354 (52.5) 129 (31.2) T2 1,258 (42.1) 1,084 (42.0) 232 (56.2) T3 153 (5.1) 120 (4.6) 46 (11.1) T4 12 (0.4) 11 (0.4) 6 (1.5) Unknown 17 (0.6) 12 (0.5) 0 (0) pN stage N0 2,449 (82.0) 2,135 (82.7) 0 (0) N1 381 (12.8) 328 (12.7) 328 (79.4) N2 81 (2.7) 66 (2.6) 66 (16.0) N3 31 (1.0) 19 (0.7) 19 (4.6) Unknown 46 (1.5) 33 (1.3) 0 (0) Histologic grade Grade 1 or 2 1,740 (58.3) 1,629 (63.1) 233 (56.4) Grade 3 231 (7.7) 196 (7.6) 71 (17.2) Unknown 1,017 (34.0) 756 (29.3) 109 (26.4) LVI No 1,662 (55.6) 1,526 (59.1) 155 (37.5) Yes 726 (24.3) 660 (25.6) 208 (50.4) Unknown 600 (20.1) 395 (15.3) 50 (12.1) ER status Positive 2,581 (86.4) \\- \\- Negative 233 (7.8) \\- \\- Unknown 174 (5.8) \\- \\- PR status Positive 2,195 (73.5) 2,136 (82.7) 317 (76.8) Negative 615 (20.5) 443 (17.2) 96 (23.2) Unknown 178 (6.0) 2 (0.1) 0 (0) HER-2 status Negative 2,143 (71.7) 2,025 (78.5) 280 (67.8) Equivocal 235 (7.9) 220 (8.5) 53 (12.8) Positive 237 (7.9) 178 (6.9) 55 (13.3) Unknown 373 (12.5) 158 (6.1) 25 (6.1) p53 Negative 1,572 (52.6) 1,391 (53.9) 210 (50.8) Positive 669 (22.4) 604 (23.4) 116 (28.1) Unknown 833 (27.9) 586 (22.7) 87 (21.1) Radiotherapy Yes 1,500 (50.2) 1,369 (53.0) 198 (47.9) No 1,078 (36.1) 925 (35.8) 159 (38.5) Unknown 410 (13.7) 287 (11.1) 56 (13.6) Chemotherapy Yes 1,416 (47.4) 1,181 (45.8) 348 (84.3) No 1,252 (42.0) 1,173 (45.4) 36 (8.7) Unknown 317 (10.6) 227 (8.8) 29 (7.0) Hormone therapy Yes 2,328 (77.9) 2,181 (84.5) 334 (80.8) No 258 (8.6) 116 (4.5) 23 (5.6) Unknown 402 (13.5) 284 (11.0) 56 (13.6) Death 190 (6.4) 125 (4.8) 43 (10.4) Breast cancer related 57 (1.9) 35 (1.4) 15 (3.6) Other cause 133 (4.5) 90 (3.4) 28 (6.8) Values are presented as number (%). MBC = mucinous breast cancer; ER = estrogen receptor; LVI = lymphovascular invasion; BCS = breast conserving surgery; SLNB = sentinel lymph node biopsy; ALND = axillary lymph node dissection; PR = progesterone receptor; HER-2 = human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Prognostic factors in MBC ------------------------- Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors influencing BCSS and OS in all MBC patients ([Table 2](#T2){ref-type="table"}). In univariate analysis, old age (\\> 50 years), pathologic tumor stage, pathologic nodal stage, p53, LVI, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone receptor (ER and PR) negativity significantly influenced BCSS. In multivariate analysis, pathologic nodal stage and ER negativity were significant prognostic factors for BCSS. Meanwhile, univariate analysis showed that old age (\\> 50 years), pathologic tumor stage, pathologic nodal stage, LVI, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, HER-2 negativity, and ER and PR negativity significantly influenced OS. Of these, old age (\\> 50 years), pathologic tumor stage, and pathologic nodal stage were significant prognostic factors for OS in multivariate analysis. However, omission of adjuvant chemotherapy in multivariate analysis did not significantly improve the prognosis for BCSS (HR, 0.577; 95% CI, 0.101--3.286; *p* = 0.535) or OS (HR, 0.840; 95% CI, 0.602--1.172; *p* = 0.306). ###### Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for BCSS and OS in all mucinous breast cancer patients  Variables Univariate Cox regression Multivariate Cox regression ----------- --------------------------- ----------------------------- ------- --------------- ---------- ------- --------------- ---------- BCSS Age (yr) \\> 50/≤ 50 2.039 1.211--3.432 0.007 1.642 0.486--5.549 0.425 Pathologic tumor stage T2, 3, 4/T1 3.012 1.670--5.432 \\< 0.001 3.495 0.737--16.578 0.115 Pathologic nodal stage N1, 2, 3/N0 4.586 2.662--7.902 \\< 0.001 4.049 1.179--13.901 0.026 Histologic grade Grade 3/Grade 1, 2 2.221 0.819--6.021 0.117 \\- \\- \\- LVI Yes/No 2.125 0.999--4.521 0.050 2.117 0.616--7.273 0.234 ER status Negative/Positive 3.530 1.865--6.683 \\< 0.001 5.676 1.464--22.001 0.012 PR status Negative/Positive 2.089 1.170--3.730 0.013 1.380 0.347--5.483 0.647 p53 Positive/Negative 0.196 0.046--0.832 0.027 0.494 0.105--2.332 0.373 HER-2 status Positive/Negative 1.740 0.597--5.069 0.310 \\- \\- \\- Radiotherapy No/Yes 4.765 2.188--10.378 \\< 0.001 4.025 1.057--15.327 0.041 Hormone therapy No/Yes 3.998 2.090--7.645 \\< 0.001 1.265 0.199--8.049 0.803 Chemotherapy No/Yes 0.385 0.183--0.808 0.012 0.577 0.101--3.286 0.535 OS Age (yr) \\> 50/≤ 50 2.992 2.238--3.999 \\< 0.001 2.748 1.667--4.533 \\< 0.001 Pathologic tumor stage T2, 3, 4/T1 2.110 1.561--2.850 \\< 0.001 1.915 1.118--3.279 0.018 Pathologic nodal stage N1, 2, 3/N0 2.964 2.186--4.019 \\< 0.001 2.787 1.617--4.806 \\< 0.001 Histologic grade Grade 3/Grade 1, 2 1.250 0.708--2.209 0.442 \\- \\- \\- LVI Yes/No 1.637 1.100--2.435 0.015 1.612 0.952--2.731 0.076 ER status Negative/Positive 2.018 1.348--3.019 0.001 1.111 0.389--3.168 0.844 PR status Negative/Positive 1.503 1.074--2.103 0.017 0.798 0.427--1.490 0.479 p53 Positive/Negative 1.018 0.661--1.567 0.936 \\- \\- \\- HER-2 status Positive/Negative 1.913 1.131--3.236 0.016 1.675 0.884--3.177 0.114 Radiotherapy No/Yes 2.365 1.667--3.356 \\< 0.001 1.426 0.860--2.363 0.169 Hormone therapy No/Yes 1.654 1.103--2.481 0.015 1.515 0.727--3.159 0.268 Chemotherapy No/Yes 0.840 0.602--1.172 0.306 \\- \\- \\- BCSS = breast cancer-specific survival; OS = overall survival; HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; LVI = lymphovascular invasion; ER = estrogen receptor; PR = progesterone receptor; HER-2 = human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Prognostic factors in ER-positive MBC ------------------------------------- We performed a subgroup analysis of 2,581 ER-positive patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors affecting BCSS and OS in this subgroup ([Table 3](#T3){ref-type="table"}). In univariate analysis, old age (\\> 50 years), pathologic nodal stage, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy significantly influenced BCSS, but pathologic nodal stage was the only significant prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. Regarding OS, old age (\\> 50 years), pathologic tumor stage, pathologic nodal stage, LVI, HER-2 status, and radiotherapy were statistically significant in univariate analysis. However, in multivariate analysis, only old age (\\> 50 years), pathologic tumor stage, and pathologic nodal stage remained statistically significant prognostic factors for OS. Meanwhile, omission of adjuvant chemotherapy in multivariate analysis did not significantly improve the prognosis for either BCSS (HR, 0.393; 95% CI, 0.106--1.453; *p* = 0.162) or OS (HR, 0.818; 95% CI, 0.549--1.220; *p* = 0.326) in ER-positive MBC with ALN metastasis ([Supplementary Table 1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). ###### Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for BCSS and OS in estrogen receptor-positive mucinous breast cancer  Variables Univariate Cox regression Multivariate Cox regression ----------- --------------------------- ----------------------------- ------- --------------- ---------- ------- --------------- ---------- BCSS Age (yr) \\> 50/≤ 50 2.292 1.177--4.462 0.015 1.441 0.564--3.682 0.445 Pathologic tumor stage T2, 3, 4/T1 1.857 0.936--3.687 0.077 \\- \\- \\- Pathologic nodal stage N1, 2, 3/N0 4.487 2.241--8.985 \\< 0.001 5.358 2.175--13.200 \\< 0.001 Histologic grade Grade 3/Grade 1, 2 1.766 0.507--6.146 0.365 \\- \\- \\- LVI Yes/No 2.101 0.892--4.946 0.089 \\- \\- \\- PR status Negative/Positive 1.502 0.703--3.210 0.293 \\- \\- \\- p53 Positive/Negative 0.028 0.001--1.452 0.076 \\- \\- \\- HER-2 status Positive/Negative 1.213 0.283--5.208 0.795 \\- \\- \\- Radiotherapy No/Yes 3.888 1.411--10.719 0.009 3.346 1.198--9.293 0.021 Hormone therapy No/Yes 0.745 0.100--5.550 0.774 \\- \\- \\- Chemotherapy No/Yes 0.208 0.061--0.709 0.012 0.393 0.106--1.453 0.162 OS Age (yr) \\> 50/≤ 50 3.134 2.186--4.492 \\< 0.001 3.200 1.867--5.488 \\< 0.001 Pathologic tumor stage T2, 3, 4/T1 2.088 1.444--3.020 \\< 0.001 1.962 1.116--3.449 0.019 Pathologic nodal stage N1, 2, 3/N0 2.949 2.025--4.294 \\< 0.001 2.876 1.665--4.967 \\< 0.001 Histologic grade Grade 3/Grade 1, 2 0.849 0.390--1.852 0.682 \\- \\- \\- LVI Yes/No 1.677 1.085--2.593 0.020 1.406 0.797--2.480 0.240 PR status Negative/Positive 1.294 0.858--1.954 0.219 \\- \\- \\- p53 Positive/Negative 0.989 0.619--1.578 0.962 \\- \\- \\- HER-2 status Positive/Negative 1.863 1.010--3.439 0.046 1.495 0.698--3.199 0.300 Radiotherapy No/Yes 2.381 1.572--3.606 \\< 0.001 1.252 0.735--2.317 0.408 Hormone therapy No/Yes 0.890 0.389--2.034 0.782 \\- \\- \\- Chemotherapy No/Yes 0.818 0.549--1.220 0.326 \\- \\- \\- BCSS = breast cancer-specific survival; OS = overall survival; HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; LVI = lymphovascular invasion; PR = progesterone receptor; HER-2 = human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Efficacy of chemotherapy for MBC -------------------------------- The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for the 2,581 ER-positive MBC patients was analyzed according to pathologic tumor and nodal stage and age. The 5-year and 10-year BCSS of ER-positive MBC patients were 99.2% and 98.3%, respectively, while the 5-year and 10-year OS were 97.8% and 94.3%, respectively. The 5-year and 10-year BCSS of ER-positive MBC with ALN metastasis were 97.9% and 95.9%, respectively, while the 5-year and 10-year OS were 95.5% and 88.7%, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curves for BCSS and OS based on pathologic tumor stage revealed that chemotherapy did not statistically significantly improve the prognosis ([Figure 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). There were significant differences in BCSS in T1 stage disease depending on whether or not chemotherapy was performed, and the BCSS was longer in patients who did not receive chemotherapy. In the analysis for OS among patients with T3 disease, the adjuvant chemotherapy group showed a better OS than that of the group without adjuvant chemotherapy, but the difference was not statistically significant. Comparison of the chemotherapy efficacy was difficult in the analysis of BCSS and OS in patients with T3 and T4 stage disease due to the small number of patients in these groups. When stratified by pathologic nodal stage, the Kaplan-Meier curves for BCSS and OS also showed no statistically significant difference based on chemotherapy except for the N3 stage ([Figure 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). It was difficult to obtain meaningful results for pathologic N2 and N3 stage disease because of the small number of patients. When stratified by age, the Kaplan-Meier curves of BCSS and OS showed no significant difference between younger (≤ 50 years) and older (\\> 50 years) patients. However, BCSS and OS differed significantly between older (\\> 50 years) and younger (≤ 50 years) patients. The results showed better survival when chemotherapy was omitted ([Figure 3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). {#F1} {#F2} {#F3} Discussion ========== This study investigated the need for chemotherapy in the treatment of ER-positive MBC. Our findings showed that adjuvant chemotherapy did not significantly improve BCSS and OS in most MBC patients. We also found a good prognosis of MBC, similar to previous reports \\[[@B6][@B9]\\]. Among patients with ER-positive MBC, ALN metastasis was a significant prognostic factor for BCSS, while old age, pathologic tumor, and ALN metastasis were significant prognostic factors for OS. MBC is a relatively rare histologic type of tumor that accounts for only 1%--6% of all breast cancers. MBC is characterized by a large amount of extracellular mucin \\[[@B1][@B6]\\]. Previous studies have shown that MBC has characteristics different from those of other invasive breast cancers, including high ER/PR expression, less ALN metastasis, and lower HER-2 expression \\[[@B9][@B17][@B18]\\], which were also observed in our study. Due to these characteristics, MBC has a better prognosis than those of other invasive breast cancers. MBC can be divided into pure MBC (pMBC) and mixed MBC (mMBC) depending on the quantification of cellularity \\[[@B19]\\]. pMBC consists exclusively of tumor tissues with mucinous components above 90% while mMBC contains mucinous areas covering more than 50% but less than 90% of the total area, as well as admixing, usually with an infiltrating ductal epithelial component \\[[@B20]\\]. Recent studies have evaluated the differences in clinicopathological features and survival between pMBC and mMBC \\[[@B13][@B21][@B22]\\]. Nodal positivity in pMBC ranges from 2%--14% \\[[@B1][@B21][@B23]\\], compared to 46%--64% in mMBC \\[[@B2][@B7][@B21]\\]. However, the KBCR does not provide data to distinguish between the histologic subtypes of MBC. Most patients in our study were thought to have pMBC because 16.5% had axillary nodal positivity. The NCCN guidelines consider hormone receptors to play an important role in the treatment of MBC. Hormone receptor-positive patients are recommended to consider chemotherapy if they have ALN metastasis, whereas adjuvant chemotherapy is not recommended for patients without metastatic ALN. Meanwhile, because ER-negative MBC has a poor prognosis, the recommended treatment strategy is similar to that for other breast cancers \\[[@B10]\\]. Our results revealed that ER-negativity had a significant effect on BCSS. Due to the low prevalence, limited follow-up period, and good prognosis, few studies on MBC have been conducted, and most of the previous studies had a small sample size. The clinicopathologic factors affecting the prognosis of MBC are unclear. Furthermore, most treatment guidelines for adjuvant chemotherapy of MBC were derived from IDC treatment experiences \\[[@B14]\\] and have not been rigorously validated \\[[@B11]\\]. Therefore, the treatment guidelines should be validated to establish more appropriate guidelines for MBC. Some studies have identified ALN metastasis as the strongest predictor of disease-specific survival because most patients presenting with LN metastases develop distant metastasis \\[[@B13][@B22]\\]. In our study, ALN metastasis was also the most significant prognostic factor for BCSS and OS. Old age (\\> 50 years) and pathologic tumor stage were significant factors for OS. Previous studies revealed local or distant recurrence in some MBC patients. As such, many clinicians administer adjuvant chemotherapy similar to those for other breast tumors despite the good prognosis of MBC \\[[@B6][@B11][@B12]\\]. This trend was consistent with our findings. In our study, 1,415 (47.4%) patients received adjuvant chemotherapy; of them, 1,181 patients were ER-positive. However, in contrast to the guidelines, 826 of 1,945 MBC (42.5%) patients with positive ER expression but without ALN metastasis received adjuvant chemotherapy. Current guidelines recommend adjuvant chemotherapy in MBC patients with ER positivity and ALN metastasis \\[[@B10]\\]. In our study, 348 of 384 (90.6%) patients were administered chemotherapy. These results show that, contrary to guideline recommendations, a large number of patients with MBC undergo chemotherapy in the real world. Recent studies have reported that luminal breast cancer patients do not equally benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy \\[[@B24][@B25][@B26]\\]. Furthermore, clinical trials have shown that adjuvant chemotherapy may not be necessary even in cases with ALN metastasis or large tumor size in luminal breast cancer \\[[@B27]\\]. Gene expression profiles have been developed to identify the individual risk of recurrence to avoid unnecessary adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy \\[[@B28]\\]. Chemotherapy is also less effective in MBC because of the higher ER and PR and lower HER-2 expression. These observations suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy can be omitted in MBC, which generally has a good prognosis. However, gene expression profiles cannot be used to predict recurrence risk in MBC due to the abundant mucinous content \\[[@B11]\\]. Therefore, we investigated the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in ER-positive MBC. Several clinical studies have already shown a good prognosis in MBC patients, even those with high-risk factors \\[[@B7][@B13][@B22]\\]. When stratified by pathologic tumor stage, pathologic nodal stage, and age, our Kaplan--Meier curve analysis revealed that, except for N3 stage, adjuvant chemotherapy did not significantly improve BCSS and OS. We did not obtain significant results in pathologic T stage analysis for BCSS and OS due to the sample sizes of T3 and T4 patients. In our study, 94.5% of patients with ER-positive MBC had T1 and T2 stage disease. Pathologic N stage analysis showed differences in BCSS and OS between the chemotherapy and no chemotherapy groups for N2 and N3-stage disease. Only N3 stage showed a significant difference. However, the sample size was too small to interpret these results. N2 and N3-stage disease is also extremely rare among ER-positive MBC patients, accounting for only 3.3% of cases. Further studies are warranted to determine the efficacy of chemotherapy in a larger number of patients with other stages of disease. Our study found that most ER-positive MBC patients had T1 or T2 or N1-stage disease and that chemotherapy did not improve survival in most of these patients. The results of our multivariate analysis also indicated that the omission of adjuvant chemotherapy did not have a significant effect on BCCS and OS, despite the presence of ALN metastasis. Analysis of BCSS and OS for N1 stage showed a lower OS than BCSS in the no chemotherapy group, but the difference was not statistically significant. These results suggest that the patients who did not receive chemotherapy had a higher rate of other-cause deaths because of underlying disease or old age. Our study had several limitations. First, the KBCR does not record the type of MBC as pure or mixed and provides no detailed information about recurrence. Second, because of the retrospective and voluntary nature of the KBCR, a large portion of data were missing, particularly regarding pathologic details and treatment. These missing data may have affected our results. Furthermore, it is difficult to reach a definitive conclusion due to the retrospective study design. Despite these limitations, our study is valuable in that, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first to investigate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in ER-positive MBC patients. Our study was also among the few large-scale MBC studies with a relatively long-term follow-up. Further, the KBCR is a nationwide database that prospectively collects data from more than 65% of patients undergoing breast cancer surgery in Korea; thus, our findings may be representative of all women with breast cancer in Korea. In conclusion, the results of this large retrospective analysis revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy does not improve the prognosis in most ER-positive MBC patients, regardless of ALN metastasis. The good prognosis of patients with MBC was also confirmed. Furthermore, the pathologic nodal stage was the most important factor influencing patient prognosis. Ultimately, adjuvant chemotherapy can be omitted in the treatment of most ER-positive MBC. **Conflict of Interest:** The authors declare that they have no competing interests. **Author Contributions:** **Conceptualization:** Kim HS, Lee JU, Son D, Kim YJ.**Formal analysis:** Kim HS.**Investigation:** Kim HS.**Methodology:** Kim HS.**Supervision:** Lee JU, Yoo TK, Chae BJ, Park WC.**Writing - original draft:** Kim HS.**Writing - review & editing:** Kim HS, Park WC. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL ====================== ###### Supplementary Table 1 Univariate and Multivariate Cox regression analyses for BCSS and OS in ER-positive mucinous breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis

Q: Spring OS dependent mapping I would like to know if there's a way to resolve a mapping that can be use for Windows & Linux. These are the two independent lines of the mvc.xml, but i want it to work "at the same time" deppending of the server OS if that's possible. Thank you for your time. <mvc:resources mapping="/photos/*" location="file:///C:/software/photos/"></mvc:resources> <!-- <mvc:resources mapping="/photos/*" location="file:/tmp/photos/"></mvc:resources>--> A: You should be able to inject a property into the location attribute, and then use your build tool to control which property file is used. <mvc:resources mapping="/photos/*" location="${baseContentPath}/photos/"></mvc:resources> Then, create a properties file for each target OS (e.g. linux.properties and windows.properties), and set the value of baseContentPath in each: baseContentPath=C:/software Next, make your build determine the target platform and include the correct property file. (If you need help with that, I think it should probably be a separate question; we'll need a bunch of details about your project structure and which build tool you're using.) On the other hand, maybe you're wanting to build a single WAR that will work regardless of the platform on which it's deployed? In that case, things get a bit more complicated, and I'm out of my depth when using XML-based configuration. It's pretty easy if you convert to annotation-based config (and I wholeheartedly encourage all Spring users to drop XML-based config!).

Q: AdSense adLayout parameter not working I'm using Google-Mobile-Ads-SDK (7.8.1) to load some ads like this: let bannerView = GADSearchBannerView(adSize:kGADAdSizeFluid) bannerView.adUnitID = "pub-Super-Secret" bannerView.frame = CGRectMake(0,0,CGRectGetWidth(self.advertismentContainer.bounds),0) bannerView.autoresizingMask = .FlexibleWidth bannerView.delegate = self bannerView.adSizeDelegate = self self.advertismentContainer.addSubview(bannerView) let request = GADDynamicHeightSearchRequest() request.query = searchTerm request.numberOfAds = 3 request.adTestEnabled = true request.clickToCallExtensionEnabled = true request.setAdvancedOptionValue("false", forKey:"domainLinkAboveDescription") request.setAdvancedOptionValue("false", forKey:"sellerRatings") request.setAdvancedOptionValue("false", forKey:"siteLinks") request.setAdvancedOptionValue("sellerFirst", forKey:"adLayout") bannerView.loadRequest(request) I'm refering to the official documentation to find what parameters I can send. Sure enough, there is adLayout parameter, which is exactly what I need: By default, adLayout is disabled. If you wish to enable it, use this line of code: 'adLayout' : 'sellerFirst' Unfortunately, it comes with a star, but the star is never explained in the document I linked. I have tried to use the sellerFirst layout, but it doesn't work. Is it possible to use this parameter in the iOS SDK? The ads load fine but the adLayout parameter has no effect. A: Turns out that there are 2 problems: adLayout parameter needs to be enabled for the specific client-id, so if you want to use it you need to contact Google and ask them to enable it for you. at the moment, this parameter is only available for the web clients, I was told that on iOS and Android it's still work in progress.

Introduction {#sec001} ============ Parasites can severely reduce host fitness, and host defenses against parasites are under strong selection. Hosts and parasites are often studied as pair-wise interactions \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref001]\\] without considering the environment in which they interact \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref002]\\]. This is problematic because biotic and abiotic factors can have strong effects on host resistance to parasitic infection \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref003],[@ppat.1007891.ref004]\\]. One increasingly recognized environmental factor that influences disease is host diet ([Fig 1](#ppat.1007891.g001){ref-type="fig"}). Host diet also importantly shapes the gut microbiome in a wide range of hosts ([Fig 2](#ppat.1007891.g002){ref-type="fig"}). ![Direct and indirect relationships between host diet, host gut microbiome, and parasites.\\ In bees, studies have independently shown that diets modulate resistance to parasites \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref009],[@ppat.1007891.ref021]\\], diets alter gut microbiomes \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref075]\\], and gut microbiomes modulate parasitism \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref090],[@ppat.1007891.ref107]\\]. However, it is not known whether there is an indirect link between the three based on these direct relationships. Alternatively, the host immune system can indirectly alter this potential three-way interaction by modulating antimicrobial peptides or pattern recognition receptors via diet or the gut microbiome to fight parasites \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref011],[@ppat.1007891.ref110]\\].](ppat.1007891.g001){#ppat.1007891.g001} {#ppat.1007891.g002} The gut microbiome, in turn, can be a crucial driver of infectious disease. The complex community of microorganisms inhabiting an animal's digestive tract constitutes the gut microbiota, and their collective genetic content constitutes the gut microbiome. Changes in gut-associated microbial community composition and diversity have been associated with *Clostridium difficile* infection in humans \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref005]\\] and malaria infection in mosquitoes \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref006]\\]. Current understanding thus shows three important relationships: (1) diet can alter disease resistance; (2) diet can affect the gut microbiome; and (3) the gut microbiome can reduce or increase disease resistance. The potential link between these relationships remains understudied and poorly understood. Specifically, although these relationships suggest that diets could increase or reduce disease resistance by altering the host gut microbiome, there are no existing studies to support this. Instead, most studies have independently investigated the relationships between diet and disease resistance, diet and the gut microbiome, and the gut microbiome and disease resistance ([Fig 1](#ppat.1007891.g001){ref-type="fig"}). For example, studies have shown separately that diet affects the gut microbiome and that the gut microbiome affects parasitic resistance in both mice and mosquitoes infected with *Plasmodium* spp. \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref007],[@ppat.1007891.ref008]\\]. Whether this increased resistance is a result of the diet-altered microbiome is unknown. Similarly, honeybees fed aged mixed-pollen diets have an increased relative abundance of *Frischella perrara*, and these diets also increase resistance to bacterial and microsporidian parasites; whether this increased resistance is the result of a diet-altered microbiome is also unknown \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref009]\\]. It is also important to note that host immunity could play a key role in directly or indirectly modulating diet--microbiome--disease interactions \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref010]\\]. For example, *F*. *perrara*, the same gut microbe that is correlated with aged mixed-pollen diets, also activates the honeybee immune system \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref011]\\], making it difficult to determine the sequence of events between host diet metabolism, host immunity activation, and parasitic infection inhibition. In this review, we focus on the interaction between host diet, the gut microbiome, and parasites without specific consideration of the role of host immunity in most cases. Ultimately, it would be of interest to investigate the effects of diet and the microbiome on immunity where feasible. The potential for diet to alter infectious disease resistance by altering the gut microbiome is relevant to a wide variety of animal systems, including humans. In particular, given increasing calls to create personalized diets to augment human gut microbiomes \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref012]\\], it is crucial to determine how such changes in diet will make hosts more or less susceptible to infectious disease agents. Because our focus is on infectious diseases, we define parasites as microorganisms that can cause infectious disease (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses). The goal of this review is to provide guidelines to study how diets indirectly change infectious disease resistance by altering the gut microbiome and to suggest suitable model systems to address this question. Using key references that have relevance across taxa, we begin by reviewing the aforementioned two-way relationships. We then discuss the challenges that need to be overcome to specifically integrate these separate relationships into a cohesive framework. Finally, we synthesize methods by which we can empirically test this potential three-way interaction. Our review and recommendations are not meant to be exhaustive but rather to provide a step towards advancing our understanding of how a host's diet and gut microbiome interact to drive infectious disease resistance. Diets modulate resistance to parasites {#sec002} ====================================== Certain diets have been shown to confer protection against infectious diseases in multiple animal systems. Specifically, many animals can obtain antiparasitic diets by eating plants with toxic defensive chemicals. Nematode-infected chimpanzees, for example, eat bitter plants with nematocidal compounds \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref013],[@ppat.1007891.ref014]\\], and woolly bear caterpillars infected with parasitoid flies increase their consumption of diet alkaloids, reducing infection \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref015]\\]. Similarly, monarch butterfly larvae suffer less protozoan infection when feeding on milkweed plants with high concentrations of cardiac glycosides \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref016]--[@ppat.1007891.ref019]\\], anicia checkerspot butterflies are more immunocompetent when fed plants with higher concentrations of iridoid glycosides \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref020]\\], and bumblebees that consume alkaloid-rich nectar experience reduced infection with trypanosome gut parasites \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref021],[@ppat.1007891.ref022]\\]. Thus, many herbivores exploit plant defensive chemistry to reduce parasite infection and growth. Animals can also increase parasitic resistance by increasing the quality and types of foods that they eat. For example, honeybees with a diverse pollen diet are more immunocompetent than individuals fed on a monofloral diet \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref023]\\]. Similarly, lab-reared honeybee larvae gain resistance to fungal pathogens when nutrient-poor diets are supplemented with polyfloral pollens \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref024]\\]. Fruit flies fed low-sugar diets have lower bacterial pathogen load and reduced mortality than when fed on high-sugar diets \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref025]\\]. Mice infected with protozoan parasites that cause Chagas disease have reduced parasitemia when fed high-fat diets \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref026]\\]. As with other animals, the diet of humans is a strong driver of parasite infection. Human malnutrition is a global concern that is associated with micronutrient deficiencies and is linked to immunodeficiency. For example, malnourished children in Papua New Guinea are at higher risk of malaria infection. Supplementing their diets with vitamin A reduces both *Plasmodium falciparum* density and disease symptoms, including fever \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref027]\\]. Diets can have a complex effect on a host's ability to fight infection. The addition of a dietary component may not always positively correlate with parasitic resistance; the effect of diet on parasites can be negatively correlated, with an increase in dietary components being correlated with a decrease in parasitic resistance. For example, mice infected with protozoan parasites that cause murine malaria and fed folate-supplemented diets have decreased survival and decreased resistance compared with mice fed the standard dose of recommended folate \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref028]\\]. Similarly, greater wax moths infected with a fungal parasite and fed high-nutrition diets were more susceptible and experienced a higher mortality rate than infected individuals raised on low-nutrition diet \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref029]\\]. Thus, diets can confer protection against infectious diseases by direct interference through chemical inhibition of parasites or modulation of available resources to fight pathogens. Alternatively, diets may confer protection through alteration of microbial competition, which until recently has been largely overlooked and which we will address next. Diets alter gut microbiomes {#sec003} =========================== As with other ecological communities, gut microbial communities are groups of interacting species that occur together at the same time in a defined place. Recent technological advances have increased the feasibility of studying gut community composition and function \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref030],[@ppat.1007891.ref031]\\]. Gut microbial communities have a structure that is characterized by species richness (the number of species), species evenness (the relative abundance of each species), and species diversity (a metric accounting for both species richness and evenness). Because different microbial species can have diverse roles, the overall function of these communities is typically characterized by assaying total genetic content (metagenomics) and gene expression (transcriptomics). Different host species have different microbiomes driven by host genetics, evolutionary history, and evolved dietary specialization \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref032]--[@ppat.1007891.ref034]\\]. Termites, for example, are consumers of cellulose-based plant materials but cannot directly break down cellulose; instead, they harbor vertically transmitted microbial gut symbionts---bacteria, protists, and archaea---that contain cellulose-digesting genes \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref035]\\]. Termites that specialize in different feeding groups (e.g., wood, grass, humus, soil, and fungus) harbor significantly different assemblages of gut microbes \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref036]\\], a signature of evolved microbiome specialization. The microbiome, however, is also plastic, and changes in diet can alter gut microbial community composition \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref037],[@ppat.1007891.ref038]\\] and thus have the potential to importantly shape community function. For example, in wood-feeding termites, changes in diet are accompanied by shifts in the dominance of protist species \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref039]\\]. In humans, major shifts in diet (i.e., shift from high-fat/low-fiber to low-fat/high-fiber diet) also significantly influence gut community composition over short time periods \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref038],[@ppat.1007891.ref040]\\]. However, the human gut microbiome is relatively stable over time \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref040],[@ppat.1007891.ref041]\\], with long-term diet strongly correlating with bacterial enterotype, the classification of microbiome samples based on clustering in ordination analyses \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref037],[@ppat.1007891.ref042],[@ppat.1007891.ref043]\\]. After a dietary perturbation, communities tend to shift back towards their original community composition and stabilize. Although such plastic changes of the gut microbiome in response to dietary shifts have been observed across the animal kingdom \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref044]--[@ppat.1007891.ref049]\\], it is not clear whether diets change the microbiome through similar mechanisms across systems and whether these changes are generally stable or transient. Supplements added to the diet can also modulate the gut microbiota. Prebiotics are dietary supplements that, once consumed by the host, act as food or substrates for the host microbiota. More specifically, the "prebiotic effect" is the selective stimulation of growth and metabolic activity of a single or limited number of taxa in the gut microbiome that confers health benefits to the host \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref050],[@ppat.1007891.ref051]\\]. A common prebiotic for humans is inulin and its chemical derivatives \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref052]\\]. Inulin is a soluble fiber found in many plants naturally occurring in foods, such as chickory root, garlic, and onions \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref053]\\], and is also commercially produced. In clinical studies, healthy humans administered inulin-containing foods over the span of weeks show a change in microbial community composition, with significant increases in *Bifidobacteria* \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref054],[@ppat.1007891.ref055]\\]. In turn, *Bifidobacteria* and *Lactobacilli* are common genera used as probiotics in several hosts \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref007],[@ppat.1007891.ref056]\\]. Probiotics are non-native live microorganisms orally consumed by hosts and beneficial to host health. Probiotics naturally occur in fermented foods such as yogurt. The combined synergistic effect of prebiotics and probiotics is synbiotics \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref057]\\]. *Bifidobacteria* and *Lactobacilli* bacteria may play a role in the treatment or prevention of several human infections, including the infection of the human digestive tract caused by *C*. *difficile* and human vaginal bacterial infections \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref058],[@ppat.1007891.ref059]\\]. However, it can be difficult to elucidate the efficacy and mechanisms of prebiotics and probiotics in humans. Interestingly, use of prebiotic and probiotic supplements in more tractable model systems, such as bees, shrimp, and fish, suggests that such supplements can confer antimicrobial activity, increase immune gene expression, and decrease the load of bacterial pathogens and intestinal parasites in these systems \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref060]--[@ppat.1007891.ref062]\\]. A major issue with elucidating the effects of diet on the human gut microbiome is the occurrence of confounding factors. For example, human children from rural Africa and modern Western Europe fed on plant- and animal-based diets, respectively, exhibit significant differences in bacterial communities: *Prevotella*, *Xylanibacter*, and *Treponema* genera are abundant in rural Africans but absent in Western Europeans \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref045]\\]. The bacteria in these genera contain genes involved in cellulose hydrolysis and are associated with the capacity to metabolize indigestible polysaccharides commonly found in plants. Despite the apparent link between diet and microbiota composition, factors other than diet, such as host genetics, race, ethnicity, variation in antibiotic use, and geographically varying environmental factors, could also play a role. Human microbiome research is also hampered by logistical constraints, such as inconsistent self-assessments on dietary questionnaires and budget limitations that prevent supplying large cohorts with controlled diets for an extended period of time \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref044],[@ppat.1007891.ref063]\\]. Ironically, what this means is that, despite the fact that human health is the primary focus of diet--gut microbiome research, humans are a suboptimal system to understand how diet shapes microbial community dynamics. Therefore, to better understand the mechanistic links between diet and the gut microbiome, it is beneficial to study systems in which confounding factors can be more easily controlled \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref064]--[@ppat.1007891.ref067]\\]. Mice are the most common animal model used to translate gut microbiome research to human health, in part because human fecal microbial communities can successfully colonize germ-free, inbred mouse strains \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref044]\\]. Major dietary shifts from low-fat/high-fiber to high-fat/high-sugar diets in such mice cause rapid changes in microbial community structure and function \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref044],[@ppat.1007891.ref068]\\]. Thus, as with humans, diet is a major driver of microbiome composition in mice. Insects also provide excellent systems to study the effects of diet on the gut microbiome \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref064]\\]. Similar to termites, mentioned previously, microbial communities of fruit fly species vary with the different fruits and flowers on which these species are specialized to feed. Fly microbial communities are also plastic, changing with dietary shifts \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref069]\\]. For example, within a single population of the fly *Drosophila elegans*, feeding on two different flowering plant genera results in different abundances of the dominant bacterial families. Similarly, feeding *Drosophila suzukii* fruit-based natural and nonfruit artificial diets results in altered communities \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref070]\\]. Diet also influences *Drosophila melanogaster* gut microbial community composition \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref071]--[@ppat.1007891.ref073]\\]. For example, altering fat content, particularly from high fat to no fat (i.e., starvation), of *D*. *melanogaster* diet results in changes in the abundance of some bacteria as well as changes in the overall number of microbes in the community \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref074]\\]. Diet also strongly influences microbial communities of bees, butterflies, and moths. Bee gut microbial communities are dominated by eight dominant bacterial phylotypes (bacterial clusters based on sequence similarity) that can be modified with alternative syrup and pollen diets \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref033],[@ppat.1007891.ref075]\\]. Similarly, the dependence of gut microbial community composition on alternative larval host plants is widespread in lepidopteran species \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref076]--[@ppat.1007891.ref079]\\]. For example, tobacco budworm larvae fed three alternative host plants have significantly different bacterial families \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref076]\\], and there is variation in bacterial phylotypes in the gypsy moth microbiome based on alternative plant diets \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref080]\\]. Although these examples demonstrate that diet affects the gut microbiome in many animal systems, the mechanisms by which this occurs are largely unknown ([Box 1](#ppat.1007891.box001){ref-type="boxed-text"}). Box 1. Crucial considerations in the study of diet--microbiome--disease interactions {#sec004} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. **Comparing microbial communities**. A major challenge plaguing the field of microbiome research is defining what variation to quantify and what variation matters \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref030],[@ppat.1007891.ref111],[@ppat.1007891.ref112]\\]. Although it is becoming relatively simple to characterize a gut microbial community, it is more difficult to conclude what variation between experimental groups is biologically significant. Differences that may impact host phenotypes may lie in the presence and diversity of the microbial community, the presence of particular taxa, the abundance of particular taxa, or microbial gene expression, regardless of the genome of origin. Technological approaches vary in the degree to which they can characterize these differences. Furthermore, in the case of differences at the taxonomic level, studies define community composition differently at the phylum (Wu and colleagues, 2011), genus \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref045]\\], species \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref113]\\], and strain \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref114],[@ppat.1007891.ref115]\\] levels. This inconsistency demonstrates that there is no workbook for which of these to quantify, requiring a thorough investigation of each system studied. 2. **Accounting for individual microbiome variation**. There is substantial individual variation in gut microbiome composition, which may be due to genetics, abiotic or biotic factors, or stochasticity. Furthermore, gut microbial communities change over development, with sometimes high species turnover, adding more variation to an animal system \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref116],[@ppat.1007891.ref117]\\]. Because of the many sources of microbiome variation, studying the link between diet, the microbiome, and disease can be difficult, as the microbiome may vary for reasons other than diet. Thus, the key is to determine the relevant variation due to changes in diet and to determine how those particular changes correlate with disease resistance. 3. **Defining which dietary components influence the microbiome and disease susceptibility**. Diets have many components. Therefore, it is imperative that studies first clearly define which dietary component(s) or dietary supplement(s) are considered when assessing the influence of diet on disease resistance or on the microbiome. To date, several different dietary components have been implicated in influencing the gut microbiome in animals, including fiber, protein, plant secondary metabolites, types of fat, foodborne bacteria, and prebiotics \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref012],[@ppat.1007891.ref045],[@ppat.1007891.ref118]\\]. The dietary component(s) of interest may be nutritious or toxic, depending on the system \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref119]\\]. If a dietary shift is observed to modulate the gut microbiome or disease resistance, then the exact nature of what components of that diet are shifting should be characterized. Systems in which diet can be experimentally manipulated are ideal, as controlled diets eliminate confounding dietary variables, making it possible to observe the direct effect of a single dietary component on gut microbiota composition and on disease susceptibility. Furthermore, such diets can be standardized, providing the opportunity for comparisons across studies. However, one drawback of such controlled diets is that they are not generalizable to natural diets \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref111]\\]. Coupling a chemically well-defined diet with a natural diet in animal systems should provide novel insights as to diet's role in altering the microbiome and disease \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref047]\\]. Gut microbiomes modulate parasitism {#sec005} =================================== Microbial symbionts, microbes that form a long-term association with hosts, can play important roles in animal health, particularly in mitigating infectious diseases. For example, aphids harbor non-gut-associated bacterial symbionts that protect them against fungal pathogens and parasitoid wasps \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref081],[@ppat.1007891.ref082]\\]. Similarly, beewolf wasps incorporate symbiotic bacteria into their larval cocoons for protection against pathogenic fungi \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref083],[@ppat.1007891.ref084]\\], and salamanders have skin bacterial symbionts that produce antifungal metabolites against chytrid fungus \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref085]\\]. It is now clear that gut-associated microbial symbionts can also play major roles in infectious disease dynamics, with changes in microbial community structure and function being correlated with parasite infection in several systems. These community structural changes can be caused by dysbiosis (or disruption of the "healthy" microbiome) or parasite infection. Although both states have the potential to shift parasite resistance, their mechanisms can be different. In the case of dysbiosis, gut pathogens may exploit an empty niche or host physiological stress to successfully colonize the gut. Systemic parasites may exploit organism stress to disseminate and replicate throughout the body. A well-known example is microbial-conferred protection against the bacterium *C*. *difficile*, which is a leading cause of chronic diarrhea following the long-term use of antibiotics in humans. Antibiotic-induced disturbance of the gut microbial community favors the increased growth of *C*. *difficile* and recurrent infection. Clinical microbiome transplants via feces (i.e., fecal transplants) from healthy donors can be used to treat the disease in infected recipients by restoring the gut community \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref086]--[@ppat.1007891.ref089]\\]. Hence, *C*. *difficile* infection exploits dysbiosis by proliferating in the gut bacterial community and shows that community composition and potentially the number of bacteria are crucially important in affecting parasite invasion success. Similarly, sterile sugar--fed and antibiotic-treated bees suffer increased trypanosome infection relative to bees with a complete gut microbiome, and fecal transplants restore the bees' gut microbiota and increase resistance \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref090]\\]. Although the protective effect of the gut microbiome against parasites is evident in these and other systems, the properties of the microbiome that reduce parasitism are rarely known. The protective effects of the gut microbiome may result from the presence and diversity of the microbial community, the presence of particular taxa, or the presence of particular genes within the microbial community ([Fig 3](#ppat.1007891.g003){ref-type="fig"}). Several examples illustrate the importance of the community. As mentioned previously, the gut microbiome of bees provides protection against trypanosome infection \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref090],[@ppat.1007891.ref091]\\]; however, consumption of a single bacterial class does not reduce trypanosome burdens. Similarly, a diverse bee gut community is also protective against the bacterial pathogen *Paenibacillius larvae*, the causative agent of American foulbrood \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref092]--[@ppat.1007891.ref094]\\]; although 11 isolated, cultured bacterial phylotypes differentially inhibit the growth of parasite strains in vitro, only the microbial cocktail of all 11 bacterial phylotypes completely inhibits the growth of *P*. *larvae* in vitro and in vivo. Desert locusts also have decreased pathogen colonization with increased numbers of gut bacterial species \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref095]\\]: specifically, the presence of 2 and 3 bacterial species provides more protection against *Serratia marcescens* than the presence of only 1 species. The importance of the microbial community may result from the complementary and synergistic antiparasitic effects of different microbes. Although the benefits of a diverse microbial community are widely accepted, the mechanisms of protection are poorly understood in animal models \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref096],[@ppat.1007891.ref097]\\]. Potential mechanisms include high functional diversity \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref098]\\], increased functional redundancies \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref099]\\], and metabolic cross-feeding \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref096],[@ppat.1007891.ref100]\\]. ![Properties of the gut microbiome that could reduce parasitism.\\ The protective effects of the gut microbiome may derive from colonization resistance, the abundance and evenness of one or more species at various taxonomic levels, the presence or absence of particular species, or the presence or abundance of certain genes. These scenarios are not exhaustive nor mutually exclusive \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref107]\\].](ppat.1007891.g003){#ppat.1007891.g003} The presence of particular taxa can also be a protective property of the gut microbiome. Several malaria-associated studies across animal systems find a correlation between particular bacterial taxa and *Plasmodium* infection. Malian children with a lower risk of infection by the malaria parasite *P*. *falciparum* have a higher proportion of *Bifidobacterium* and *Streptococcus* genera compared with higher-risk individuals \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref101]\\]. This example, like others, merely presents a correlation between the presence and absence of particular gut bacteria taxa and parasites \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref102],[@ppat.1007891.ref103]\\]. Demonstrating a causative link, in *Anopheles* mosquitoes, the ingestion and colonization of *Chromobacterium* results in induction of immune genes and decreased susceptibility to *P*. *falciparum* infection and dengue virus \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref104]\\]. Similarly, antibiotic-treated mice inoculated with a cultured microbial cocktail containing *Bifidobacterium* and *Lactobacillus* display a decreased malaria parasite burden compared with control mice, suggesting that these taxa have a modulatory effect on parasitism \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref007]\\]. Sometimes it is not the presence of the gut microbial community or presence of particular taxa in that community but rather the expressed genes of the community that have a modulatory effect on protection. For example, laboratory mice can harbor gut bacteria that express glycan surface proteins. These glycan surface proteins elicit glycan-specific antibodies that attack *Plasmodium* spp. during transmission from *Anopheles* mosquitoes to mice lacking the glycan surface protein gene \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref105]\\]. Similarly, mice colonized with *Bifidobacterium breve* bacteria expressing exopolysaccharides have significantly less colonization and persistence of a murine bacterial pathogen compared with mice without bacteria expressing an expolysaccharide gene \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref106]\\]. The protective effect of *B*. *breve* is linked to a gene cluster responsible for the expression of exopolysaccharides. These two studies demonstrate that protection can be induced, or pathogenesis inhibited, by manipulating the gene expression of gut microbes. Importantly, given that bacteria can horizontally transfer genes, protection against parasitic infection conferred by expressed genes has the potential to persist in a microbial community independent of the presence of particular taxa. However, these scenarios are not exhaustive nor mutually exclusive. For example, in bees, high community diversity, high bacterial abundance, and taxa presence all contribute to protection against a trypanosome parasite \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref107]\\]. Experimental approaches to study diet--microbiome--disease interactions {#sec006} ======================================================================= As is clear from the previous examples, diets alter both parasite resistance and gut microbiomes in a range of animals. Because the microbiome is an important driver of parasite resistance, these relationships suggest that diets may change parasite resistance through their effects on the gut microbiome. However, to our knowledge, the effect of the diet on infectious disease susceptibility through their impact on the microbiome has not been unequivocally demonstrated in any system. Nonhuman animal systems that have separately demonstrated that diet alters resistance to parasites, diet alters the gut microbiome, and the gut microbiome alters parasitism are ideal systems to empirically test for the potential of diet altering disease resistance by modulating the gut microbiome. To fully explore this link, researchers must study diet, the microbiome, and disease in tandem in a controlled, experimental setting. The best case studies, based on current literature, appear to be experimentally tractable insect and mouse systems ([Fig 2](#ppat.1007891.g002){ref-type="fig"}, [Box 2](#ppat.1007891.box002){ref-type="boxed-text"}). Box 2. Case study: Composition of gut microbial community modulates severity of malaria in mice {#sec007} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- One study on mouse malaria investigated the three relationships that are the focus of this review: (1) diet alters disease resistance; (2) diets alter gut microbiomes; and (3) gut microbiomes modulate disease resistance \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref007]\\]. This study first found that genetically inbred mice (C57BL/6) infected with *Plasmodium* significantly differed in parasite burden based on mouse vendor source. Mice from Jackson Laboratory (Jax) and Taconic (Tac) had a significantly lower number of parasites and no mortality compared with National Cancer Institute/Charles River (NCI) and Harlan (Har) mice. To test whether diet increases resistance to malarial infection, Jax (resistant) and NCI (susceptible) mice were fed two commercial chow diets: NIH-31 and Teklad 22/5. Although parasitemia was not affected in susceptible NCI mice fed these diets, the Teklad 22/5 diet significantly increased parasitemia and mortality in resistant Jax mice compared with the NIH-31 diet. This study also demonstrated that the alternative diets affect the gut microbial community composition: Jax mice fed the Teklad 22/5 diet had lower relative abundance of the bacterial family Peptostreptococcaceae compared with Jax mice fed the NIH-31 diet. The researchers then used fecal transplants, microbial supplementation, and immune assays to demonstrate that the gut microbiome reduces parasitism. However, instead of carrying out this study with mice of similar origin fed on alternative diets, the researchers used mice that varied in resistance due to different vendor origin (Jax and Tac versus NCI and Har). Thus, while suggestive of an indirect link, this study did not yet unequivocally demonstrate that diets altered disease resistance by modulating the gut microbiome. The need to study diet, the microbiome, and disease together is clear when one tries to connect the three across separate studies. For example, bee studies have shown that diets rich in alkaloids increase resistance to a variety of parasites, including trypanosomes, fungi, and microsporidia \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref009],[@ppat.1007891.ref021],[@ppat.1007891.ref024]\\]. Separate studies have shown that pollen supplemented with nectar diet alters the gut microbial community composition of bee larvae \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref075]\\], and, as highlighted previously, other studies have shown that bee gut microbes can increase resistance to pathogens and parasites \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref090],[@ppat.1007891.ref092]\\]. Complications arise when trying to link these studies. First, the dietary components considered were different across studies ([Box 1](#ppat.1007891.box001){ref-type="boxed-text"}). Second, the two-way relationships were studied in different life stages: while the effect of alkaloid diets on the trypanosome *Crithidia bombi* was investigated in bee adults \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref021]\\], and the effect of gut microbes on *C*. *bombi* was also studied in adults \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref090]\\], the effect of protein and sugar-rich diets on bee microbial communities was investigated in bee larvae \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref075]\\]. Similarly, in mosquitoes, a particular larval aquatic diet increases resistance to *Plasmodium* spp. and also increases the relative abundance of two bacterial families \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref008]\\]. Separate studies have demonstrated that mosquito gut microbes reduce parasitism with *Plasmodium* \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref006],[@ppat.1007891.ref104]\\]. Ideally, researchers would study all three interactions across life stages, because diet differences across immature stages could have lifelong effects on adult individuals. Similar to bees, the dietary components and life stages between these mosquito studies were different---fish flakes for aquatic larvae versus sugars and blood in adults. We are aware of only a single study using mice in which all three separate components were considered \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref007]\\]. However, even within this study, it is not clear that diet mediated its antiparasitic effects by modulating the gut microbiome ([Box 2](#ppat.1007891.box002){ref-type="boxed-text"}). In order to study the potential effect of diet-altered protective gut microbiomes on infectious disease, we propose several recommendations. First, studies should only use animal systems in which host diet increases resistance to tractable parasites. Second, host genetics should be carefully controlled. Ideally, host genetics can be controlled by testing individuals with identical or similar genetic backgrounds, such as monozygotic twins or full siblings. Alternatively, unrelated individuals can be partitioned across treatments to reduce confounding factors. Third, it is important to determine whether alternative diets are associated with alterations of the microbial community and if so, to try and elucidate whether the same dietary components are responsible for altering parasite resistance. Fourth, it should be demonstrated directly, through a unified study, that gut microbial community variation caused by alternative diets correlates with disease susceptibility. A particularly powerful approach for this test is to use fecal transplants \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref007],[@ppat.1007891.ref044],[@ppat.1007891.ref090]\\]. Beyond demonstrating that the actual altered microbiome provides resistance to parasites, carefully manipulated fecal transplants can also be used to elucidate whether the presence of the entire gut community is needed for protection or whether the presence and abundance of particular taxa are more important. To tease apart the protective mechanism of species presence and interactions, cultivated microbial transplants of specific community members have been effective in bees, mosquitoes, and mice \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref007],[@ppat.1007891.ref092],[@ppat.1007891.ref104]\\]. Silencing microbial community members' genes is also an effective way to resolve whether the presence and expression of certain genes are responsible for the protective mechanism of the gut microbiome, as shown in mice \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref105],[@ppat.1007891.ref106]\\]. Finally, for animal systems with robust genetic tools, including mosquitoes and moths, both host immune genes and microbiome toxin genes can be silenced to determine their interplay \\[[@ppat.1007891.ref006],[@ppat.1007891.ref108],[@ppat.1007891.ref109]\\]. Conclusion {#sec008} ========== Existing studies suggest that diets can alter host resistance to parasites by modulating the gut microbiome, but conclusive studies remain lacking. Although an understanding of diet--microbiome--disease interactions is critical for humans, we propose alternative animal model systems to test fundamental properties of this potential interaction. These animals are relevant to agriculture and epidemiology, and they allow for carefully controlled experiments with few constraints on sample size. Most importantly, they are tractable systems that have strong evidence of each separate interaction: diets modulate resistance to parasites, diets alter gut microbiomes, and gut microbiomes modulate parasitism ([Fig 2](#ppat.1007891.g002){ref-type="fig"}). Existing experimental tools now allow researchers to build on the separate, direct relationships to determine whether there is an indirect link between host diet, host gut microbiome, and parasite infection. Elucidation of the importance and ubiquity of such a link will help us better understand the therapeutic potential of diets and gut microbiomes to control infectious disease. The authors thank Tiffanie Alcaide for illustrating all figures, and members of the Gerardo and de Roode labs for their helpful comments. [^1]: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Day: December 16, 2018 It’s not as much a tussle as much as it is a boxing match; the dodging and weaving like swerving into traffic.The reason people must inevitably bury themselves is the same as why full stops must be full. You know the steps by heart:here is an empty space to be filled. Here is a name erased. Here is another lie for you to be placed in. Graves, too, must be full. You are boxing yourselfinto a coffin. Your heart is full of mud.Here is an empty filling to be spaced out,crossed out, placed outside of the boxesand the self. Here is a list of instructionsfor the heart to erase. Here is the box thatgot the trafficker hung, here is the weave of an executioner’s mask, the judge’s wig, here is the tussle you will bind yourself in,the bullet you will learn to dodge. — Inspired by real life conversations. I’m back on my bullshit of trying to bang out drafts in a single 10 minute sitting. Old title: “Springboard”

Q: how to only show back button after the first slide in flipbook Functionality: Have created a slide show with a flipbook effect and made use of the following plugin: Turn.js, to achieve the flip effect. Secondly, I have edited and added in the left and right button, to allow the users to click the button and so that they could navigate through the pages. Issue: Both arrows are showing, even on the initial & last page. Hence, how am I able to set the appropriate arrow to appear on the initial & last page? Only the Next Slide arrow to appear in the initial page and the previous arrow to appear in the last page and not both arrows to appear in the initial and last page, like what is happening now. What i have done: I have a set a div for both the next slide arrow and previous slide arrow as well as the main div for the flipbbok slides. At this point, the arrows are showing for every page, even for the first and last page. How is it possible for me to have only the next slide arrows at the first page and the previous arrow at the last page. Any help is appreciated. Code: function Models() { console.log("Models"); $("#Model_flipbook").turn({ width: 1920, height: 1080, autoCenter: false }); } function NextSlide() { $("#Model_flipbook").turn("next"); console.log("next"); } function PreviousSlide() { $("#Model_flipbook").turn("previous"); console.log("previous"); } #LeftSide { position: absolute; padding: 0; margin: 0; top: 0px; left: 0px; outline: 0px; z-index: 2; border: 0; background: transparent; } #RightSide { position: absolute; padding: 0; margin: 0; top: 0px; left: 1691px; outline: 0px; z-index: 2; border: 0; background: transparent; } <div id="Models_Page" align="center" style="position:absolute; width:1920px; height:1080px; background-repeat: no-repeat; display: none; z-index=4; top:0px; left:1921px; "> <button id="LeftSide" onclick="PreviousSlide()"> <img src="lib/img/LeftSide.png"> </button> <button id="RightSide" onclick="NextSlide()"> <img src="lib/img/RightSide.png"> </button> <!--Div part for keynote images--> <div id="Model_flipbook" style="position:absolute;"> <div id="Model_flip_1"> <img src="lib/img/LifeStories/Model(KeyNote)_1.jpeg" /> </div> <div id="Model_flip_2"> <img src="lib/img/LifeStories/Model(KeyNote)_2.jpeg" /> </div> <div id="Model_flip_3"> <img src="lib/img/LifeStories/Model(KeyNote)_3.jpeg" /> </div> </div> </div> A: You will (likely) want to change the CSS display property to none on the two control elements #LeftSide and #RightSide. You only asked half the question — not to display Back on the first page — but you probably also want to hide Next on the last page. You can use the $("#Model_flipbook").turn("page") page property to determine what page you're on every time you flip. For the second half of the problem, use the $("#Model_flipbook").turn("pages") pages property to get the count of pages. Then, write a function that checks to see if you are on page == 0 or page == pages and make the appropriate style change and call it from your two onclick listener functions. Additional: First, in your CSS, add a class called hidden: .hidden { display: none; } Then add that class to the HTML of the LeftSide <button> element: <button id="LeftSide" class="hidden" onclick="PreviousSlide()"> Then add a function that checks for the page you're on and styles the buttons: function checkPage(page) { // Total number of pages var pages = $("#Model_flipbook").turn("pages"); // If the page we are currently on is not the first page, reveal the back button if (page > 0) { $("#LeftSide").removeClass("hidden"); } // If the page we're on is the last page, hide the next button if (page == pages) { $("#RightSide").addClass("hidden"); } } Then, add this to your function page turning functions, NextPage and PreviousPage after the page turn: checkPage( $("#Model_flipbook").turn("page") ); Note that this is simple but inefficient solution to get you going conceptually.

Well – Awesome is still awesome – in the upcoming version 3 (installed from git) – it’s really stable and full of nice features. Today I would like to post some screen shots and my new .awesomerc file together with .conkyrc. I suppose that there are more and more people interested in this Window Manager – and what I would like to do is to help. You can, of course, find many more configuration files on the Net (my favourites are those of Gigamo, phraok and last but not least – calmar – who also contributes to Awesome WM developing. Just search for those nicknames on Google – and you will probably get nice configuration files). I just tried once again Awesome Window Manager. And I have to admit – it’s brilliant. Awesome is a tiling Window Manager. It was based on dwm at the beginning – but now it is rewritten and many nice features are added. Awesome has relatively easy to understand configuration file through which you can tweak it to your liking. You can change keyboard shortcuts, colors, fonts etc. And still you can take an advantage of tiling Window Managers – that is – window manager is taking care of the placement of the desktop windows. I find it very relieving and… hm – “Zen”-like. I used one of the first versions of Awesome in the past – and I’m glad to notice the quick development of it. Awesome is small and very quick (at least here and for me!) but in the same time it supports basic “eye-candy. With the help of xcompmgr, one can acquire shadows and if you set the background with the help of feh + configure your urxvt and xorg, you can also acquire real transparency in terminal. Today I will just share some screen shots I made. I would also like to share some links with you, I found helpful while editing my .awesomerc. So, here it goes. ################################################################################ # SETTINGS – main settings # set this to True if you just want one summary line (True/False) brief = True # number of packages to display (0 = display all) num_of_pkgs = 5 #show only important packages onlyImportant = False ######################################## p = runpacman() #parse pacmans output for line in p.stdout: if re.match(‘(Cíle|Pakete|Targets|Se procesará|Cibles|Pacchetti|’ ‘Celuje|Pacotes|Цели):’, line): program = line.split()[1:] for line in p.stdout: if not line.strip(): break program += line.split()

Chuck Barris Charles Hirsch Barris (June 3, 1929 – March 21, 2017) was an American game show creator, producer and host. Barris was known for hosting The Gong Show and creating The Dating Game and The Newlywed Game. He was also a songwriter who wrote "Palisades Park" for Freddy Cannon. Barris wrote an autobiography titled Confessions of a Dangerous Mind, which was made into the film of the same name directed by George Clooney. Early life Barris was born to a Jewish family in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on June 3, 1929, the son of Edith (née Cohen) and Nathaniel Barris, a dentist. His uncle was singer, songwriter and actor Harry Barris. He graduated in 1953 from Drexel University where he was a columnist for the student newspaper, The Triangle. Career Barris got his start in television as a page and later staffer at NBC in New York City. Following his stint at NBC, Barris worked as a standards-and-practices person at the television music show American Bandstand for ABC. Barris produced pop music for records and television, and wrote "Palisades Park,” which was recorded by Freddy Cannon and peaked at No. 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 for two weeks (June 23–30, 1962). "Palisades Park" was the biggest hit of Cannon's career. Barris also wrote or co-wrote some of the music that appeared on his game shows. Barris was promoted to the daytime programming division at ABC in Los Angeles and was responsible for determining which game shows ABC would air. Barris told his bosses the game show concepts being pitched were worse than his own ideas. They suggested that Barris quit his programming job and become a producer. Barris formed his production company Chuck Barris Productions on June 14, 1965. His first success came in 1965 with The Dating Game, which aired on ABC. This show was hosted by Jim Lange and featured three contestants who competed for a date with a person blocked from their view. The contestants' sexy banter and its "flower power"-motif studio set were a revolution for the game show genre. The show ran until 1980 and was twice revived, later in the 1980s and 1990s. The next year Barris began The Newlywed Game, originally created by Nick Nicholson and E. Roger Muir, also for ABC. The combination of the newlywed couples' humorous candor and host Bob Eubanks's sly questioning made the show another hit for Barris. The show is the longest lasting of any developed by his company, broadcast until 1985, for a total of 19 full years on both "first run" network TV and syndication. Game Show Network airs a current version with Sherri Shepherd. Interviewed on the NPR program Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me! on August 1, 2009, Barris said that The Newlywed Game was the easiest program he had developed: "All I needed was four couples, eight questions, and a washer-dryer." Barris created several other short-lived game shows for ABC in the 1960s and for syndication in the 1970s, all of which revolved around a common theme: the game play normally derived its interest (and often, humor) from the excitement, vulnerability, embarrassment, or anger of the contestants or participants in the game. Barris also made several attempts through the years at non-game formats, such as ABC's Operation: Entertainment, a variety show staged at military bases akin to USO shows; a CBS revival of Your Hit Parade; and The Bobby Vinton Show, a Canadian-based syndicated variety show for singer Bobby Vinton (produced in conjunction with Chris Bearde and Allan Blye). The last was his most successful program other than a game show. The Gong Show The somewhat shy Barris rarely appeared on camera, though he once dashed onto the set of The New Treasure Hunt to throw a pie at emcee Geoff Edwards. However, Barris became a public figure in 1976 when he produced and served as the host of the talent show spoof The Gong Show, which he packaged in partnership with television producer Chris Bearde. The show's cult following has endured, though it ran only two seasons on NBC (1976–78) and four in syndication (1976–80). As with some of Barris' other projects (including The Newlywed Game), it was at one point possible to see The Gong Show twice daily, a relatively uncommon feat in the years prior to cable TV's expansion into the commercial market. The original host of the NBC show was John Barbour, who misunderstood the show's concept and considered it a straight talent show, as opposed to Barris' parody concept. Barris dropped Barbour at the last minute; in order to save the show, Barris followed the advice of an NBC executive who suggested that he should host his own show. Barris' jokey, bumbling personality; his accentuated hand-clapping between sentences (which eventually had the studio audience joining in with him); and his catchphrases (he would usually go into commercial break with, "We'll be right back with more er ... STUFF ...", occasionally paired with shifting his head to reveal the ubiquitous sign behind the stage reading simply "STUFF", and "This is me saying 'bye'" was one of his favorite closing lines) were the antithesis of the smooth TV host (such as Gary Owens, who hosted the syndicated version in its first season). Barris joined in with the eccentricity of the format, using unusual props, dressing in colorful and somewhat unusual clothing (such as strange hats pulled over his head, if not his eyes), he became yet another performer of the show, and for many viewers, quite a cult hero. Dubbed "Chuckie Baby" by his fans, Barris was a perfect fit with the show's goofy, sometimes wild amateur performers and its panel of three judges (including regulars Jamie Farr, Jaye P. Morgan, and Arte Johnson). In addition, there was a growing "cast of characters", including an NBC stage carpenter who played "Father Ed," a priest who would get flustered when his cue cards were deliberately turned upside-down; stand-up comedian Murray Langston, who as "The Unknown Comic" wore a paper bag over his head (with cut-outs for his eyes, mouth, and even a box of Kleenex), and "Gene Gene the Dancing Machine" (Gene Patton), arguably the most popular member of the "cast", the show's stagehand, who would show up and dance whenever the band played the song "Jumpin' at the Woodside". In the early 1980s, Patton was even pointed out by tour guides of incoming NBC tours as his onscreen character, while at the same time adhering to his more typical off-camera work duties. One Gong Show episode consisted of every act appearing singing the song "Feelings", which was popular at the time. One of its most infamous incidents came on the NBC version in 1978, when Barris presented an onstage act consisting of two teenage girls, slowly and suggestively sucking popsicles. Another incident, which most missed originally, was when during a "Gene Gene, The Dancing Machine" segment, Jaye P. Morgan opened her blouse to reveal her bare breasts. In 1980, Barris starred in and directed The Gong Show Movie. The film was a major failure at the box office. Its storyline and approach, though including a number of Gong Show segments, was actually quite less "zany" (another favorite Barris phrase) than most audiences may have expected. The Gong Show has had four subsequent revivals, one under Barris' title (with Don Bleu) in 1988–89, one on The Game Show Network in 2000 called Extreme Gong and another with current format owner Sony Pictures Television (with Dave Attell) in 2008. A fourth version, produced by Will Arnett and hosted by fictional British celebrity "Tommy Maitland" (Mike Myers), aired on ABC beginning in 2017. Comebacks and setbacks Barris continued strongly until the mid-1970s, when ABC cancelled the Dating and Newlywed games. This left Barris with only one show, his weekly syndicated effort The New Treasure Hunt. But the success of The Gong Show in 1976 encouraged him to revive the Dating and Newlywed games, as well as adding the $1.98 Beauty Show to his syndication empire. He also hosted a short lived primetime variety hour for NBC from February to April 1978, called The Chuck Barris Rah-Rah Show, essentially a non-competitive knock-off of Gong. The empire crumbled again amid the burnout of another of his creations, the 1979–80 Three's a Crowd (in which three sets of wives and secretaries competed to see who knew more about their husbands/bosses). This show provoked protests from enraged feminist and socially conservative groups (two otherwise diametrically opposed viewpoints), who charged that the show deliberately exploited adultery, to advocate it as a social norm. Most stations dropped this show months before the season was over as a response to those criticisms. At the same time, Newlywed lost the sponsorships of Ford and Procter & Gamble and earned the resentment of Jackie Autry, whose husband and business partner Gene Autry owned the show's Los Angeles outlet and production base, KTLA, because of its supposedly highly prurient content. So strong were the feelings of the Autrys that Newlywed came close to being expelled from the KTLA facilities, but the show was discontinued by the syndicator before any action occurred. Gong Show and Dating Game also ended otherwise successful syndicated runs in 1980 because of the Three's a Crowd and Newlywed controversies, likely because stations were fearful of community and advertiser retribution on account of Barris' reputation. During the winter of 1980, Barris attempted to rebuild by bringing back another game show that was not an original of his, Camouflage, in which contestants answered questions for the chance to locate a "hidden object" (such as a toaster) concealed within a cartoon-type drawing. Although a noncontroversial format, it lasted only a short time in syndication. By September 1980, for the first time in his company's history, Barris had no shows in production. After a year's inactivity, Barris revived Treasure Hunt again in 1981 in partnership with the original 1950s version's producer, Budd Granoff, who had become his business partner (the show itself was created by its original host, Jan Murray). Unlike with the 1970s version of Treasure Hunt, Barris did not have direct involvement with the production of the show itself. This revival, a five-day-a-week strip, lasted only one year. Barris, by this time living in France, came back again in 1984 and formed Barris Industries. He formed a distributor arm called Bel-Air Program Sales (later Barris Program Sales) and an ad-sales barter called Clarion Communications (later Barris Advertising Sales). After a week-long trial of The Newlywed Game on ABC in 1984 (with Dating Game emcee Jim Lange), Barris produced the daily Newlywed Game (titled The New Newlywed Game) in syndication from 1985 to 1989, with original host Eubanks (and in 1988, comedian Paul Rodriguez). The Dating Game returned to syndication the next year for a three-year run (the first year hosted by Elaine Joyce, and the next two hosted by Jeff MacGregor). The Gong Show would also return for one season in 1988, now hosted by "True" Don Bleu. All of those shows (except for the one-week trial run of Newlywed on ABC) aired in syndication, not on the networks. Chuck Barris sold his shares of Barris Industries, Inc. in 1987 to Burt Sugarman and left to move back to France and was no longer directly involved in his media company. In 1988, Barris Industries acquired the Guber-Peters Company. On September 7, 1989, Barris Industries was renamed as the Guber-Peters Entertainment Company. After the shows' runs ended, Sony Corporation acquired Guber-Peters Entertainment (formerly Barris Industries) for $200 million on September 29, 1989, a day after Sony Corporation of Japan acquired Columbia Pictures Entertainment. The sale was completed on November 9, 1989 after Sony's acquisition of Columbia Pictures Entertainment a day earlier. Sony revived Dating and Newlywed from 1996 to 1999. Sony also revived The Gong Show in 1998, this time as Extreme Gong, a Game Show Network (GSN) original production. Three's a Crowd would be revived as All New Three's a Crowd, which, like Extreme Gong, was a GSN original. A few years after Extreme Gong ended, Sony planned to revive the show again under its classic name and format for The WB Television Network, but this version was never realized. Sony and MTV Networks' Comedy Central collaborated on a fourth Gong Show revival as The Gong Show with Dave Attell in 2008; this did sell and aired on Comedy Central from July to September 2008. One more attempt at reviving an old game show that was not his own originally resulted in an unsold pilot of the 1950s-era game Dollar a Second, hosted by Bob Eubanks. It had at least one showing on GSN, and has since become part of the collector/trader's circuit. Two more unsold pilots were called Bamboozle and Comedy Courtroom. Barris published Della: A Memoir of My Daughter in 2010 about the death of his only child, who died in 1998 after a long struggle with drug addiction. CIA career claims In 1984 Barris wrote an autobiography, Confessions of a Dangerous Mind. In the book he states that he worked for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) as an assassin in the 1960s and the 1970s. A 2002 feature film version, directed by George Clooney and starring Sam Rockwell, depicts Barris killing 33 people. Barris wrote a sequel to Confessions of a Dangerous Mind in 2004 called Bad Grass Never Dies. The CIA denied Barris ever worked for them in any capacity. After the release of the movie, CIA spokesman Paul Nowack said Barris' assertions that he worked for the spy agency "[are] ridiculous. It's absolutely not true." Barris himself admitted in 1984 that, although he had applied to work for the CIA, he never actually had done so, and that Confessions of a Dangerous Mind was the result of Barris imagining how his life would have turned out had he entered the CIA. Personal life and death Barris' first wife was Lyn Levy, the niece of one of the founders of CBS. Their marriage lasted from 1957 to 1976, ending in divorce. Together they had a daughter, Della, who frequently appeared on The Gong Show, usually introducing her father. Della died of an alcohol and cocaine overdose in 1998 at the age of 36. At the time of her death, she was also HIV positive. In 1980, Barris married Robin Altman, 23 years his junior. That marriage also ended in divorce in 1999. The following year, he married Mary Clagett. Barris was diagnosed with lung cancer in the 1990s. After undergoing surgery to remove part of his lung, he contracted an infection and spent a month in intensive care. Barris died on March 21, 2017, of natural causes at the age of 87 at his home in Palisades, New York, where he lived with Clagett. Shows The $1.98 Beauty Show Bamboozle (unsold pilot) The Bobby Vinton Show Camouflage The Chuck Barris Rah-Rah Show Comedy Courtroom (unsold pilot) Cop Out (unsold pilot) The Dating Game Dollar a Second (unsold pilot) Dream Girl of '67 The Mama Cass Television Show (ABC special, 1969) The Family Game The Game Game The Gong Show How's Your Mother-in-Law? Leave It to the Women The Newlywed Game Operation: Entertainment The Parent Game People Pickers (unsold pilot) Three's a Crowd The New Treasure Hunt/Treasure Hunt Your Hit Parade (CBS, 1974) Discography Barris composed music and released them on the following 45 rpm records. Songs with an asterisk (*) are songs not composed by Barris, yet featured on the recordings: Too Rich / I Know A Child (Capitol Records) Baja California / *Donnie (Dot Records) Why Me Oh Lord / Sometimes It Just Doesn't Pay To Get Up (MCA Records) Barris also composed the following songs (with performer, who performed the music first, listed on each). The first two songs were released on "Swan" 45 rpm records, and the third released on a "Decca" LP record: Summertime Guy (Eddie Rambeau; an instrumental version of this song was used as the theme for The Newlywed Game) Palisades Park (Freddy Cannon) Love Sickness (Milton DeLugg) In 1973, Barris released an LP of television game show music, Chuck Barris Presents Themes From TV Game Shows (Friends Records). All tracks are instrumentals and are arranged by Tom Scott, Mike Barone, and Dale Oehler. The tracks for the LP, as listed from the back of the LP jacket, are as follows: Side 1 "Dating Game Theme" (January/CBP Music, Inc. BMI Chuck Barris/David Mook) "Dating Game Closing Theme" (Little Rosie) "Newlywed Game Theme" "Treasure Hunt Theme" "True Grit - Winners Theme" (Bernstein) Famous Music ASCAP "Treasure Hunt Losers Theme" "People Pickers Theme" (Pretty Maidens) Side 2 "Operation Entertainment Theme" (Road Of Love) "Family Game Theme" (Too Rich) "Cop-Out Theme" (Little Russian Song) "Mother-In-Law Theme" (Mother Trucker) "Parent Game Theme" (Baja California) "Dream Girl Theme" (Hunk Of Love) Books You and Me, Babe (1974) Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (1984) The Game Show King (1993) Bad Grass Never Dies (2004) The Big Question (2007) Who Killed Art Deco? (2009) Della: A Memoir of My Daughter (2010) CDs Confessions of A Dangerous Singer (Domo Records, 2003) Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (Domo Records, 2003) References External links Category:1929 births Category:2017 deaths Category:American male comedians Category:Film directors from Pennsylvania Category:American game show hosts Category:American Jews Category:Television producers from Pennsylvania Category:Drexel University alumni Category:Jewish American comedians Category:Television personalities from Philadelphia Category:Writers from Philadelphia Category:20th-century American comedians Category:21st-century American comedians

/** * Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object. * * @static * @memberOf _ * @since 0.1.0 * @category Lang * @param {*} value The value to check. * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an array, else `false`. * @example * * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]); * // => true * * _.isArray(document.body.children); * // => false * * _.isArray('abc'); * // => false * * _.isArray(_.noop); * // => false */ var isArray = Array.isArray; module.exports = isArray;

Rich Janus colloid phase behavior under steady shear. We study the assembly of single-patch colloidal Janus particles under steady shear flow via Brownian dynamics simulations. In the absence of flow, by varying the Janus patch size and the range and strength of the anisotropic interaction potential, Janus colloids form different aggregates such as micelles, wormlike clusters, vesicles and lamellae. Under shear flow we observe rearrangement, deformation, and break-up of aggregates. At small and intermediate Péclet (Pe) numbers-the ratio between shear and Brownian forces-the competition between rearrangement, deformation, and break-up favors the growth of micelles and vesicles increasing mean cluster size, which is consistent with a previous numerical study of Janus particles under shear. This initial shear-induced growth causes micelles and vesicles to reach a maximum cluster size at Pe ≈ 1 and Pe ≈ 10, respectively. After this growth micelles dissociate continuously to reach a dilute colloidal "gas phase" at Pe ≈ 10 while vesicles dissociate into micelles with high aspect ratio at Pe ≈ 10 and finally break-up into a gas phase at Pe ≈ 30. Wormlike clusters initially break-up into micelles with high aspect ratio at Pe ≈ 0.1, and proceed to finally reach a gas phase at Pe ≈ 10. Lamellae initially break into smaller lamellae that align with the flow in the velocity-velocity-gradient plane and finally break-up into a gas phase at Pe ≈ 100. The different cluster sizes and morphologies observed as functions of interaction range, Janus patch size, interaction strength, and shear rate, open new actuation routes for reconfigurable materials and applications.

Q: Should a RESTful 'PUT' operation return something I was wondering what people's opinions are of a RESTful PUT operation that returns nothing (null) in the response body. A: The HTTP specification (RFC 2616) has a number of recommendations that are applicable. Here is my interpretation: HTTP status code 200 OK for a successful PUT of an update to an existing resource. No response body needed. (Per Section 9.6, 204 No Content is even more appropriate.) HTTP status code 201 Created for a successful PUT of a new resource, with the most specific URI for the new resource returned in the Location header field and any other relevant URIs and metadata of the resource echoed in the response body. (RFC 2616 Section 10.2.2) HTTP status code 409 Conflict for a PUT that is unsuccessful due to a 3rd-party modification, with a list of differences between the attempted update and the current resource in the response body. (RFC 2616 Section 10.4.10) HTTP status code 400 Bad Request for an unsuccessful PUT, with natural-language text (such as English) in the response body that explains why the PUT failed. (RFC 2616 Section 10.4) A: As opposed to most of the answers here, I actually think that PUT should return the updated resource (in addition to the HTTP code of course). The reason why you would want to return the resource as a response for PUT operation is because when you send a resource representation to the server, the server can also apply some processing to this resource, so the client would like to know how does this resource look like after the request completed successfully. (otherwise it will have to issue another GET request). A: I think it is possible for the server to return content in response to a PUT. If you are using a response envelop format that allows for sideloaded data (such as the format consumed by ember-data), then you can also include other objects that may have been modified via database triggers, etc. (Sideloaded data is explicitly to reduce # of requests, and this seems like a fine place to optimize.) If I just accept the PUT and have nothing to report back, I use status code 204 with no body. If I have something to report, I use status code 200, and include a body.

Q: setOnItemClickListener not working Am trying to get my setOnItemClickListener working, but when I add the method, Eclipse says that I should remove the "@Override" annotation, if I do, the listener don't work. The thing is that I need to capture the "click" event and do something... Here is my method: list.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override //<-- this is the annotation that eclipse says I should remove public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { } }); Am really sure that the problem is not the method itself, i suppose that it's something else. Please take a look to my Activity and tell me what am doing wrong: import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.database.SQLException; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.widget.ListView; import android.view.View; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener; public class Sounds extends Activity{ ListView list; LazyAdapter adapter; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.list_table); list=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list); ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>> songsList = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, String>>(); DB_Helper myDbHelper = new DB_Helper(this); try { myDbHelper.createDataBase(); }catch (IOException ioe) { throw new Error("Unable to create database"); } try { myDbHelper.openDataBase(); String[] columns = new String[3]; columns[0] = "id_Category"; columns[1] = "category_name"; columns[2] = "image_name"; songsList = myDbHelper.selectAll("Categories",columns); }catch(SQLException sqle){ throw sqle; } adapter = new LazyAdapter(this, songsList); list.setAdapter(adapter); // Click event for single list row list.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { //ToDo something... } }); } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.about_sounds, menu); return true; } @Override public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { switch(item.getItemId()) { case R.id.about_sounds_item1: Intent talesToLearnActivity = new Intent(Sounds.this, AboutSounds.class); startActivity(talesToLearnActivity); break; default: break; } return true; } } If I remove the annotation, my method dont capture the event. If I do not remove it, my app dont compile. BTW Am working with Android 2.2 SDK A: Check project properties and make sure that Java Compiler -> JDK Compliance -> Complier Compliance Level is 1.6.

1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to devices for teaching a child, and in particular to devices for familiarizing a child with a musical instrument having a keyboard, as for example, a piano keyboard, and for familiarizing a child with musical concepts. 2. Discussion of Related Art In the prior art, it is known to use a chart and a set of dummy keys, some of which resemble the white keys of a piano keyboard and some of which resemble the black keys of a piano keyboard, to teach the arrangement and names of the keys of a standard piano keyboard. The chart is marked with the alphabetical names of the keys represented on the chart and the dummy keys are marked with the alphabetical names and/or staff notations. The chart is placed in an upright position on a piano keyboard by slipping the chart into the space adjacent to the rear ends of the black keys of the keyboard. Then the dummy keys are placed over the piano keyboard keys in their proper position relative to the divisions on the chart. Such devices are not well suited to the needs of young children since both the keyboard and the chart are often unfamiliar to them. These devices also require the dummy keys to be matched with the chart by placing the dummy keys over the keyboard, thereby presenting the child with the opportunity to press the keys of the keyboard instead of concentrating on the proper placement of the dummy keys with respect to the chart. It is also known in the prior art to color code interfitting dummy white keys and dummy black keys. Color is added to the dummy keys so that dummy keys of the same diatonic scale share the same color in order to teach a music student the diatonic scales. While such devices may be appropriate for some music students, such devices do not permit a young child to easily and properly position the dummy keys since many keys will share the same color. An inability to easily and properly position the dummy keys may frustrate the young music student and thereby inhibit the child's enthusiasm for learning.

Q: How can I lead pad zeros in a Stream Analytics Query? Within a Stream Analytics query, I'm trying to convert a date to a simple ISO 8601 date-only format, like so: CONCAT( c.IoTHub.ConnectionDeviceId, '@', CAST(DATEPART(year, EventProcessedUtcTime) as nvarchar(max)), '-', CAST(DATEPART(month, EventProcessedUtcTime) as nvarchar(max)), '-', CAST(DATEPART(day, EventProcessedUtcTime) as nvarchar(max)) ) as partitionkey This works alright, but it produces dates like so: 2017-3-5 I'd prefer that the dates be lead-zero-padded, like this: 2017-03-05 This is a simple thing in T-Sql, but I don't see any of the tools necessary to make this or any of the other tricks work to be present in the SA query language subset. Anybody know a way to tackle this? A: According to your requirement, I assume that you could use Azure Stream Analytics JavaScript user-defined functions. For example, I just created a user-defined function named dateFormat as follows: function main(dateStr) { var date=new Date(dateStr); var mm = (date.getMonth()+1).toString(); var dd = date.getDate().toString(); return date.getFullYear().toString() + '-' + (mm[1]?mm:"0"+mm[0]) + '-' + (dd[1]?dd:"0"+dd[0]); } Usage: SELECT UDF.dateFormat(EventProcessedUtcTime) FROM [YourInputAlias]

Q: I'm tonedeaf. If I sing to my baby, will I damage his/her musical ear? I'm amusical - I cannot discriminate between higher and lower pitch even when there is a large difference between them. I want my child to develop musical abilities. I know that an out-of-tune piano can affect the development of absolute pitch recognition, would a parent who sings out-of-tune have the same effect? I find it difficult to get the tune right even for simple nursery rhymes such as twinkle twinkle little star. A: Unlikely, because unless your child has a genetic reason for being unable to distinguish pitches (which you apparently may, if what you say is true), he or she will soon learn to identify the inaccuracies in your singing. For example, there has been some noise about bilingual families and a fear that the non-native parent will "infect" the child with bad grammar, but it turns out the children tend to learn quickly and can soon tell that one parent speaks incorrectly sometimes. Eventually non-family sources of language will dominate anyways. To that note, if you play any recorded music or movies/television, every note in that music will be rigorously tuned to its exact pitch. So there will be plenty of chances to hear properly tuned music if you live in a typical household. I wouldn't really worry about damaging your child's hearing skills at all. But why not do some activities with a pitched instrument such as a piano, or take your child to musical activities? If you're concerned, just make sure you spend time listening to recorded music at home. A: You should pay attention to your singing. Tone-deafness is a result of a disconnection between what are you hear and what you produce. It is generally fixable through conscious attention. I work developing musical training computer games for children. My mother sang to me as a child, and she is tone-deaf. I also learned to sing in a tone deaf manner. We learn by copying. I subsequently spent thousands of hours playing the piano, but my early training (basically to NOT pay attention to the sounds I am making) retarded my musical development. That caused me much suffering. It was only in my 30s that I trained myself consciously to sing correctly, it has been hard work. I taught myself to sing accurately using a solfege system. I fixed such things as gradual pitch drift, incorrect intervals such as getting a fourth, fifth, octave muddled up, squashed thirds. It is a blessing for your child that you are conscious enough to enquire. You should find your child a teacher, who can teach them to sing. This should be the first instrument everyone learns upon, it is our natural inbuilt instrument. To try and bypass it is stupid. Chopin said "If you wish to play, you must first learn to sing." If your child has a good teacher, you don't need to worry about damaging their musicality. (Note: It is difficult to find a good music teacher. And a bad one will do more harm than good. So choose carefully!) If the child doesn't, you do. Even by abstaining from singing, your child will learn to perceive the world as you do by a million subtle cues. The way you use words, the way your eyes will move, the way your physical form follows conscious intent. And the set of conditions that led to your own disconnection may well be transferred to the child. Maybe you are primarily a visual person, this is your primary perception and the root of your attention. It's quite easy to see if someone is primarily a visual person. The renowned 19th century music teacher Evelyn Fletcher Copp (the first teacher to systematically impart Absolute Pitch to her child students) said that when a parent brought a prospective new student to see her, she would look closely and ascertain how the child primarily perceives the world (visual, auditory, kinaesthetic, logical, emotional, etc). It's worth remembering that these balances can be adjusted. Imbalance can show proclivity which is to be encouraged. But at the same time weaknesses should be addressed. If someone is strongly primarily visual, maybe practising music in a pitch dark room would encourage them to rebalance. PS Someone commented earlier that music is unlike language, it is something artificial. This is an ignorant statement. It has been demonstrated to be an intrinsic component of spoken language. Diana Deutsch (a world-famous researcher of Absolute Pitch) demonstrated (in a public lecture) the presence of the diatonic scale in spoken language, by time-stretching and looping short phrases of spoken word. We use this scale to communicate (subliminally for most of us) at an emotional level. A: It may be, genetically, that your child has inherited your amusicality. You won't know for a while. In fact, if only you listen to it, then you'll never know! Children tend to believe that their parents are inscrutable, so your out of tune singing may be acceptable as the right way to your child. This will then oppose renditions by others, giving a bit of a dilemma. I say far better to not try to sing to your child - there are multiple other better ways to communicate. If, for instance, you weren't good at spelling, when your child has to learn words for a test, would you spell badly whilst trying to help?

Quality of Life in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer and Their Caregivers: A Systematic Review. Little is known about quality of life (QOL) of patients with pancreatic cancer and their caregivers compared with adults with other cancers. This systematic review summarizes the available evidence base, identifies its limitations, and recommends directions for research and clinical application. A systematic review was conducted of research on QOL in adults with pancreatic cancer and their caregivers. Quality of life was examined in the following specific domains: psychological, physical, social, sexual, spiritual, and general. Of the 7130 articles reviewed, 36 studies met criteria for inclusion. Compared with healthy adults or population norms, adults with pancreatic cancer had worse QOL across all domains. Compared with patients with other cancer types, patients with pancreatic cancer evidenced worse psychological QOL. Physical and social QOL were either similar or more compromised than in patients with other cancers. Limited data preclude conclusions about sexual, spiritual, and caregiver QOL. Patients with pancreatic cancer evidence decrements in multiple QOL domains, with particular strain on psychological well-being. Methodological limitations of available studies restrict definitive conclusions. Future research with well-defined samples, appropriate statistical analyses, and longitudinal designs is needed. Findings from this review support the merits of distress screening, integration of mental health professionals into medical teams, and attention to caregiver burden.

The goal of this research is to devise automated methods of analyzing the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) when it is recorded using three orthogonal channels. The resulting 3-Channel Lissajous Trajectory (3-CLT) shows both linear and planar portions, which will be detected using algorithms tested under realistic conditions of background noise. The 3-CLT methodology is likely to be more sensitive to pathological changes in the auditory nervous system than is the ABR, though the ABR has had extensive use in audiology and neurology as a measure of brainstem normality or abnormality. The automated methods will be designed for microcomputers which are likely to be the basis for evoked response recording systems in the future. At least six companies now produce such systems, primarily for clinical use, but the ABR systems cannot record or analyze the 3-CLT at present, and reliable algorithms are not yet known for the otherwise complex and time-consuming analysis that the 3-CLT requires.

Summary:The FBI's Deputy Director must stop the Jackal, a ruthless professional killer, before he makes his next assassination. He teams up with a female Russian officer and an imprisoned IRA terrorist in a global race against the clock to stop the Jackal before he strikes.

Q: How can I sign a release iphone binary provided by a 3rd party? I have received an iPhone application developed for the company I work for by an outsourcing company. I do not have access to the source, only a compiled binary. I want to be able to sign it using our certificate, provisioning info, etc so I can submit it to the app store. How do I go about doing this? I'm aware of the existence of the codesign but can't really grok how to use it properly for iPhone from the man page. A: After you have a distribution certificate created and installed, you can codesign from the Terminal like so: cd <path to folder containing YourApp.app> /usr/bin/codesign -f -s "iPhone Distribution: Your Company Name" --resource-rules=<full_path_to>/YourApp.app/ResourceRules.plist <full_path_to>/YourApp.app This is what Xcode does when it signs an app.

Trap Welcome to the Waterford Sportsman’s Club and to the exciting sport of Trap Shooting! A message from Janice Moerman (2014/2015 Trap Chair) On behalf of the trap section I would like to extend a warm welcome to the Waterford Sportsman’s Club. As your newly elected Trap Chair, I look forward to meeting you & introducing you to our sport. Our trap section has come a long way in the past few years & I hope to continue to move forward & improve it even more. I leave you now with a message from our past Trap Chair, Mr. Gary Seitz. Sincerely, your Trap Chair, Janice Moerman "Making a Contribution!” Since 2011 we purchased and installed three new “all steel - roll top” trap houses & three brand new “PAT TRAP” throwing machines. The installation of this entire infrastructure project was made possible by members donating their time & manpower to make this an affordable & successful venture. It is so important that we all volunteer our services & be an active participant wherever & whenever we can to make this club a truly successful, enjoyable, & safe shooting complex for the entire family. These new improvements along with our hosting three Registered Amateur Trapshooting Association (ATA) competition Trap Shoots warranted the Waterford Sportsman’s Club receiving the “2010 Club of the Year Award” from the Ontario Provincial Trapshooting Association (OPTA)- an award that is proudly displayed in your club house. All I ask from you as a new member is to ask yourself two simple questions; “How can I “contribute” my time & effort to make my club a success”? “What can I do to “contribute” each & every time I visit my club”? It can be as simple as helping out with the cleanup of the grounds & trap fields, OR filling trap houses & machines with targets, OR attending monthly meetings & volunteering your time to help the executive in the operation of the club. Every time you “contribute” you help spread out the workload for everyone & also help keep our prices at affordable levels. Finally, please do not hesitate to ask your fellow members any questions you may have (“questions prevent mistakes!”) regarding the club, the sport of Trap Shooting, or how you can make your “contribution” to your club. Also note that your Trap Chair, Janice Moerman, & her Co-Chair, Allan Haggith, are your voice at our monthly executive meetings so feel free to introduce yourself & share any new ideas you have to offer. Please enjoy your new club & welcome to the Waterford Sportsman Club “TEAM”!

Introduction to wavelet-based compression of medical images. Medical image compression can significantly enhance the performance of picture archiving and communication systems and may be considered an enabling technology for telemedicine. The wavelet transform is a powerful mathematical tool with many unique qualities that are useful for image compression and processing applications. Although wavelet concepts can be traced back to 1910, the mathematics of wavelets have only recently been formalized. By exploiting spatial and spectral information redundancy in images, wavelet-based methods offer significantly better results for compressing medical images than do compression algorithms based on Fourier methods, such as the discrete cosine transform used by the Joint Photographic Experts Group. Furthermore, wavelet-based compression does not suffer from blocking artifacts, and the restored image quality is generally superior at higher compression rates.

coconut shell products Coconut shell, a once discarded outer hard cover of a coconut is now a product of great demand. In addition to the known fact that coconut shells are used in handicraft industry to make very interesting pieces of art, coconut shells have various other uses apart from the arts and crafts industry. This section throws light on such innovative products derived from this humble outer shell. BusinessCoconutShellCraftSeeing the abundant waste of coconut shells in BlitarCity, Ismarofi (42) racked his brain. With a capital of Rp 2 million from a neighbor's loan, a resident of Jl Kaliglagah 48 Tanjungsari, Sukorejo Sub-district, Blitar City is in action. Ismarofi took the waste from his neighboring vegetable vendor. Then make a modification machine to form the coconut shells in accordance with the motive of the chill. After that, shapes that have been shaped a particular motif affixed to the paper media carton coated fabric. "Only after that is sewn with Nylon thread and then finished finishing, then we put the furing handle handle, so the shirt bag," he explained at his workshop on Saturday This is the beginning of the bag journey in Blitar. Initially Ismarofi production bag is underestimated. He offers the bag door to door, and is often rejected. Though the price of his bag was about Rp 25 thousands. "In 2009 that, my production bag like baseball there is a want .. New in 2011 my nephew who is pinter computer offers in cyberspace, online and the results are amazing," he said. In addition to many who come directly to workshopnya, buyers also often order online. Since then, he has been innovating with the shell craft labeled CocoArt. There are 34 models of bags that become collections. The size varies with the price from Rp 25 thousand to Rp 125 thousand. Ismarofi also produces necklaces at the price of Rp 15 thousand, bracelets and key chains each worth Rp 5 thousand. The more crowded orders, making his wife, Rirawik Rikawati (38) must go to help his husband's business. Ririn who has 7 years working in optics chose to withdraw from his job. "Because the design is mostly my make, so let maximal total work, I finally resign," said this woman This collaboration of husband and wife expertise makes Coco Art production more and more flying. If initially they were only able to hire 2 employees, now there are 40 residents who work in Coco Art workshop. "In a day we are able to produce 50 bags of various models.Obudet Alhamdulillah can get Rp 20 million in a month," he said. The buyers were from Sabang to Merauke. Most reservations come from Maumere (Flores), Kalimantan, Bali and Lombok. "If the foreigners are selling the migrant workers, like in Hong Kong, Brunei and Malaysia, tourists who stay in this hotel are many messages from Russia, Netherlands and Mexico," said Ririn.If tourists from Europe, continued Ririn, it prefers craft shells without finishing (diplitur). They prefer the natural texture of the shell. What is the key to their success? Ririn replied, it's all the result of innovating, and takes time, effort and cost. "What is clear, must dare step to start," he concluded. Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/Dedjoem-1392841640771647/ Twitter : https://twitter.com/dedjoem Google+ : https://plus.google.com/114721230418536351637/ Tumblr : https://dedjoem.tumblr.com/ Pinterest : https://id.pinterest.com/dedjoem/ LiveJournal : http://dedjoem.livejournal.com Jangan Lupa Like Dan Subscribe ChannelKami DEDJOEM untuk Video terbaru selanjutnya. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQFbCUmND4Xxk_tEMNCfpng https://youtu.be/vTyUPCkyk10 published:24 Apr 2018 views:15845 In this tutorial you can see that how to make a beautiful mini sea beach in coconut shell. It has a mini Coconut tree, mini umbrella and sea beach chair.This easy DIY project is for fun, positive and fresh feelings.... Materials used: Plastic Bottle, Coconut shell, Thin card paper, simple white paper, Hot glue, Newspaper, Jute Thread, some Acrylic colors, wire, Matchsticks. if you find this video useful so subscribe to my channel and share it with your friends and family. I will try my best to make my channel as creative as possible published:19 Sep 2018 views:79846 Hand made PaperFine art is Fine art which has been recently constructed as well as made yourself as an alternative to by using products. Using the suggestions of the NationalIndustryCommission, to be rubber-stamped or perhaps known as "handmade" the project must be manufactured entirely yourself strength or perhaps give guidance. Consequently art can be manufactured making use of exercises, lathes, or perhaps some other machines, but it must be carefully guided because of the human give. This specific precludes using boxing techinque presses, CNC machines, as well as spreading, to mention a couple of techniques using which may produce the bracelets not are eligible seeing that "handmade". Further than of which, made by hand bracelets can be created from almost any material sufficient reason for numerous techniques. The particular U . s . Gemstone Industry OrganizationSelection honors, the Gemstone MiddleIdar Oberstein, and the De Cans of beer Prizes consist of honors pertaining to made by hand art. It is very refreshing in Ghana to see people break a coconut, drink its juice and eat the flesh. The usefulness of the crop is beyond measure; every part of the plant, from its roots to the fronds, is useful to man. But there is a new use of the coconut which is fast becoming vogue in Ghana. The coconut shell is being used to produce handcrafted containers of various sizes. Let's have a look. Shell corporation A shell corporation is a company which serves as a vehicle for business transactions without itself having any significant assets or operations. Some shell companies may have had operations, but those may have shrunk due to unfavorable market conditions or company mismanagement. A shell corporation may also arise when a company's operations have been wound up, for example following a takeover, but the “shell” of the original company continues to exist. Shell companies can also be used for tax avoidance. A classic tax avoidance operation is based on the buying and selling through tax haven shell companies to disguise true profits. The firm does its international operations through this shell corporation, thus not having to report to its country the sums involved, avoiding any taxes. CLI shells allow some operations to be performed faster in some situations, especially when a proper GUI has not been or cannot be created. However, they require the user to memorize commands and their calling syntax, and also to learn the shell-specific scripting language, for example bash script. CLIs are also easier to be operated via refreshable braille display and provide certain advantages to screen readers. Acrocomia aculeata Acrocomia aculeata is a species of palm native to tropical regions of the Americas, from southern Mexico and the Caribbean south to Paraguay and northern Argentina. Common names include grugru palm, macaúba palm, coyol palm, and macaw palm; synonyms include A. lasiospatha, A. sclerocarpa, A. totai, and A. vinifera. Description It grows up to 15-20 m tall, with a trunk up to 50cm in diameter, characterized by numerous slender, black, viciously sharp 10cm long spines jutting out from the trunk. The leaves are pinnate, 3-4 m long, with numerous slender, 50-100cm long leaflets. Petioles of the leaves are also covered with spines. The flowers are small, produced on a large branched inflorescence 1.5 m long. The fruit is a yellowish-green drupe 2.5-5cm in diameter. The inner fruit shell, also called endocarp, is very tough to break and contains usually one single, dark brown, nut-like seed 1-2cm in diameter. The inside of the seed, also called endosperm, is a dry white filling that has a vaguely sweet taste like coconut when eaten. List of ethnic slurs The following is a list of ethnic slurs (ethnophaulisms) that are, or have been, used as insinuations or allegations about members of a given ethnicity or to refer to them in a derogatory (critical or disrespectful), pejorative (disapproving or contemptuous), or insulting manner. For the purposes of this list, an ethnic slur is a term designed to insult others on the basis of race, ethnicity, or nationality. Each term is listed followed by its country or region of usage, a definition, and a reference to that term. However the complexity of the issue of the listing and usage of such terms needs to be noted. For instance, many of the terms listed below (such as "Gringo", "Yank", etc.) are used by large numbers of human beings in many parts of the world as part of their ordinary speech or thinking without any intention of causing offence, and with little or no evidence that such usage does in fact cause much offence. Ethnic slurs may also be produced by combining a general-purpose insult with the name of ethnicity, such as "dirty Jew", "Russian pig", etc. Other common insulting modifiers include "dog", "filthy", etc. Such terms are not included in this list. Coconut Shell Products Ideas coconut shell products Coconut shell, a once discarded outer hard cover of a coconut is now a product of great demand. In addition to the known fact that coconut shells are used in handicraft industry to make very interesting pieces of art, coconut shells have various other uses apart from the arts and crafts industry. This section throws light on such innovative products derived from this humble outer shell. Business Coconut Shell Craft BusinessCoconutShellCraftSeeing the abundant waste of coconut shells in BlitarCity, Ismarofi (42) racked his brain. With a capital of Rp 2 million from a neighbor's loan, a resident of Jl Kaliglagah 48 Tanjungsari, Sukorejo Sub-district, Blitar City is in action. Ismarofi took the waste from his neighboring vegetable vendor. Then make a modification machine to form the coconut shells in accordance with the motive of the chill. After that, shapes that have been shaped a particular motif affixed to the paper media carton coated fabric. "Only after that is sewn with Nylon thread and then finished finishing, then we put the furing handle handle, so the shirt bag," he explained at his workshop on Saturday This is the beginning of the bag journey in Blitar. Initially Ismarofi production bag is underestimated. He offers the bag door to door, and is often rejected. Though the price of his bag was about Rp 25 thousands. "In 2009 that, my production bag like baseball there is a want .. New in 2011 my nephew who is pinter computer offers in cyberspace, online and the results are amazing," he said. In addition to many who come directly to workshopnya, buyers also often order online. Since then, he has been innovating with the shell craft labeled CocoArt. There are 34 models of bags that become collections. The size varies with the price from Rp 25 thousand to Rp 125 thousand. Ismarofi also produces necklaces at the price of Rp 15 thousand, bracelets and key chains each worth Rp 5 thousand. The more crowded orders, making his wife, Rirawik Rikawati (38) must go to help his husband's business. Ririn who has 7 years working in optics chose to withdraw from his job. "Because the design is mostly my make, so let maximal total work, I finally resign," said this woman This collaboration of husband and wife expertise makes Coco Art production more and more flying. If initially they were only able to hire 2 employees, now there are 40 residents who work in Coco Art workshop. "In a day we are able to produce 50 bags of various models.Obudet Alhamdulillah can get Rp 20 million in a month," he said. The buyers were from Sabang to Merauke. Most reservations come from Maumere (Flores), Kalimantan, Bali and Lombok. "If the foreigners are selling the migrant workers, like in Hong Kong, Brunei and Malaysia, tourists who stay in this hotel are many messages from Russia, Netherlands and Mexico," said Ririn.If tourists from Europe, continued Ririn, it prefers craft shells without finishing (diplitur). They prefer the natural texture of the shell. What is the key to their success? Ririn replied, it's all the result of innovating, and takes time, effort and cost. "What is clear, must dare step to start," he concluded. Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/Dedjoem-1392841640771647/ Twitter : https://twitter.com/dedjoem Google+ : https://plus.google.com/114721230418536351637/ Tumblr : https://dedjoem.tumblr.com/ Pinterest : https://id.pinterest.com/dedjoem/ LiveJournal : http://dedjoem.livejournal.com Jangan Lupa Like Dan Subscribe ChannelKami DEDJOEM untuk Video terbaru selanjutnya. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQFbCUmND4Xxk_tEMNCfpng https://youtu.be/vTyUPCkyk10 9:40 DIY Mini Beach in Coconut nut shell | Waste Materials Craft DIY Mini Beach in Coconut nut shell | Waste Materials Craft DIY Mini Beach in Coconut nut shell | Waste Materials Craft In this tutorial you can see that how to make a beautiful mini sea beach in coconut shell. It has a mini Coconut tree, mini umbrella and sea beach chair.This easy DIY project is for fun, positive and fresh feelings.... Materials used: Plastic Bottle, Coconut shell, Thin card paper, simple white paper, Hot glue, Newspaper, Jute Thread, some Acrylic colors, wire, Matchsticks. if you find this video useful so subscribe to my channel and share it with your friends and family. I will try my best to make my channel as creative as possible 13:18 How To Made A Beautiful Coconut Shell Pendants [Hand Made Art ] p2 How To Made A Beautiful Coconut Shell Pendants [Hand Made Art ] p2 How To Made A Beautiful Coconut Shell Pendants [Hand Made Art ] p2 Hand made PaperFine art is Fine art which has been recently constructed as well as made yourself as an alternative to by using products. Using the suggestions of the NationalIndustryCommission, to be rubber-stamped or perhaps known as "handmade" the project must be manufactured entirely yourself strength or perhaps give guidance. Consequently art can be manufactured making use of exercises, lathes, or perhaps some other machines, but it must be carefully guided because of the human give. This specific precludes using boxing techinque presses, CNC machines, as well as spreading, to mention a couple of techniques using which may produce the bracelets not are eligible seeing that "handmade". Further than of which, made by hand bracelets can be created from almost any material sufficient reason for numerous techniques. The particular U . s . Gemstone Industry OrganizationSelection honors, the Gemstone MiddleIdar Oberstein, and the De Cans of beer Prizes consist of honors pertaining to made by hand art. 1:27 Kerala tourism's and coconut shell product's Kerala tourism's and coconut shell product's Kerala tourism's and coconut shell product's Craft products from coconut shells It is very refreshing in Ghana to see people break a coconut, drink its juice and eat the flesh. The usefulness of the crop is beyond measure; every part of the plant, from its roots to the fronds, is useful to man. But there is a new use of the coconut which is fast becoming vogue in Ghana. The coconut shell is being used to produce handcrafted containers of various sizes. Let's have a look. coconut shell ideas hey This video will help you to teach how to create your different types of crafts from coconut shell. Diy crafts are always awesome to do. after seeing this you will get some ideas to make your ideas and just implement with this. Do Something Before throwing waste just think one second and do decorative items for your house...Happy decorating...... coconut shell ideas summer gift ideas holiday gift ideas kids gifts ideas homemade gift ideas cheapest gift ideas Thanks for watching. Coconut Shell Products Ideas coconut shell products Coconut shell, a once discarded outer hard cover of a coconut is now a product of great demand. In addition to the known fact that coconut shells are used in handicraft industry to make very interesting pieces of art, coconut shells have various other uses apart from the arts and crafts industry. This section throws light on such innovative products derived from this humble outer shell. Business Coconut Shell Craft BusinessCoconutShellCraftSeeing the abundant waste of coconut shells in BlitarCity, Ismarofi (42) racked his brain. With a capital of Rp 2 million from a neighbor's loan, a resident of Jl Kaliglagah 48 Tanjungsari, Sukorejo Sub-district, Blitar City is in action. Ismarofi took the waste from his neighboring vegetable vendor. Then make a modification machine to form the coconut shells in accordance with the motive of the chill. After that, shapes that have been shaped a particular motif affixed to the paper media carton coated fabric. "Only after that is sewn with Nylon thread and then finished finishing, then we put the furing handle handle, so the shirt bag," he explained at his workshop on Saturday This is the beginning of the bag journey in Blitar. Initially Ismarofi production ... published: 24 Apr 2018 DIY Mini Beach in Coconut nut shell | Waste Materials Craft In this tutorial you can see that how to make a beautiful mini sea beach in coconut shell. It has a mini Coconut tree, mini umbrella and sea beach chair.This easy DIY project is for fun, positive and fresh feelings.... Materials used: Plastic Bottle, Coconut shell, Thin card paper, simple white paper, Hot glue, Newspaper, Jute Thread, some Acrylic colors, wire, Matchsticks. if you find this video useful so subscribe to my channel and share it with your friends and family. I will try my best to make my channel as creative as possible published: 19 Sep 2018 How To Made A Beautiful Coconut Shell Pendants [Hand Made Art ] p2 Hand made PaperFine art is Fine art which has been recently constructed as well as made yourself as an alternative to by using products. Using the suggestions of the NationalIndustryCommission, to be rubber-stamped or perhaps known as "handmade" the project must be manufactured entirely yourself strength or perhaps give guidance. Consequently art can be manufactured making use of exercises, lathes, or perhaps some other machines, but it must be carefully guided because of the human give. This specific precludes using boxing techinque presses, CNC machines, as well as spreading, to mention a couple of techniques using which may produce the bracelets not are eligible seeing that "handmade". Further than of which, made by hand bracelets can be created from almost any material sufficient re... published: 29 Oct 2014 Kerala tourism's and coconut shell product's Craft products from coconut shells It is very refreshing in Ghana to see people break a coconut, drink its juice and eat the flesh. The usefulness of the crop is beyond measure; every part of the plant, from its roots to the fronds, is useful to man. But there is a new use of the coconut which is fast becoming vogue in Ghana. The coconut shell is being used to produce handcrafted containers of various sizes. Let's have a look. coconut shell ideas hey This video will help you to teach how to create your different types of crafts from coconut shell. Diy crafts are always awesome to do. after seeing this you will get some ideas to make your ideas and just implement with this. Do Something Before throwing waste just think one second and do decorative items for your house...Happy decorating...... coconut shell ideas summer gift ideas holiday gift ideas kids gifts ideas homemade gift ideas cheapest gift ideas Thanks for watching. Coconut Shell Products Ideas coconut shell products Coconut shell, a once discarded outer hard cover of a coconut is now a product of great demand. In addition to the known fact that coconu... coconut shell products Coconut shell, a once discarded outer hard cover of a coconut is now a product of great demand. In addition to the known fact that coconut shells are used in handicraft industry to make very interesting pieces of art, coconut shells have various other uses apart from the arts and crafts industry. This section throws light on such innovative products derived from this humble outer shell. coconut shell products Coconut shell, a once discarded outer hard cover of a coconut is now a product of great demand. In addition to the known fact that coconut shells are used in handicraft industry to make very interesting pieces of art, coconut shells have various other uses apart from the arts and crafts industry. This section throws light on such innovative products derived from this humble outer shell. BusinessCoconutShellCraftSeeing the abundant waste of coconut shells in BlitarCity, Ismarofi (42) racked his brain. With a capital of Rp 2 million from a neighbor's loan, a resident of Jl Kaliglagah 48 Tanjungsari, Sukorejo Sub-district, Blitar City is in action. Ismarofi took the waste from his neighboring vegetable vendor. Then make a modification machine to form the coconut shells in accordance with the motive of the chill. After that, shapes that have been shaped a particular motif affixed to the paper media carton coated fabric. "Only after that is sewn with Nylon thread and then finished finishing, then we put the furing handle handle, so the shirt bag," he explained at his workshop on Saturday This is the beginning of the bag journey in Blitar. Initially Ismarofi production bag is underestimated. He offers the bag door to door, and is often rejected. Though the price of his bag was about Rp 25 thousands. "In 2009 that, my production bag like baseball there is a want .. New in 2011 my nephew who is pinter computer offers in cyberspace, online and the results are amazing," he said. In addition to many who come directly to workshopnya, buyers also often order online. Since then, he has been innovating with the shell craft labeled CocoArt. There are 34 models of bags that become collections. The size varies with the price from Rp 25 thousand to Rp 125 thousand. Ismarofi also produces necklaces at the price of Rp 15 thousand, bracelets and key chains each worth Rp 5 thousand. The more crowded orders, making his wife, Rirawik Rikawati (38) must go to help his husband's business. Ririn who has 7 years working in optics chose to withdraw from his job. "Because the design is mostly my make, so let maximal total work, I finally resign," said this woman This collaboration of husband and wife expertise makes Coco Art production more and more flying. If initially they were only able to hire 2 employees, now there are 40 residents who work in Coco Art workshop. "In a day we are able to produce 50 bags of various models.Obudet Alhamdulillah can get Rp 20 million in a month," he said. The buyers were from Sabang to Merauke. Most reservations come from Maumere (Flores), Kalimantan, Bali and Lombok. "If the foreigners are selling the migrant workers, like in Hong Kong, Brunei and Malaysia, tourists who stay in this hotel are many messages from Russia, Netherlands and Mexico," said Ririn.If tourists from Europe, continued Ririn, it prefers craft shells without finishing (diplitur). They prefer the natural texture of the shell. What is the key to their success? Ririn replied, it's all the result of innovating, and takes time, effort and cost. "What is clear, must dare step to start," he concluded. Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/Dedjoem-1392841640771647/ Twitter : https://twitter.com/dedjoem Google+ : https://plus.google.com/114721230418536351637/ Tumblr : https://dedjoem.tumblr.com/ Pinterest : https://id.pinterest.com/dedjoem/ LiveJournal : http://dedjoem.livejournal.com Jangan Lupa Like Dan Subscribe ChannelKami DEDJOEM untuk Video terbaru selanjutnya. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQFbCUmND4Xxk_tEMNCfpng https://youtu.be/vTyUPCkyk10 BusinessCoconutShellCraftSeeing the abundant waste of coconut shells in BlitarCity, Ismarofi (42) racked his brain. With a capital of Rp 2 million from a neighbor's loan, a resident of Jl Kaliglagah 48 Tanjungsari, Sukorejo Sub-district, Blitar City is in action. Ismarofi took the waste from his neighboring vegetable vendor. Then make a modification machine to form the coconut shells in accordance with the motive of the chill. After that, shapes that have been shaped a particular motif affixed to the paper media carton coated fabric. "Only after that is sewn with Nylon thread and then finished finishing, then we put the furing handle handle, so the shirt bag," he explained at his workshop on Saturday This is the beginning of the bag journey in Blitar. Initially Ismarofi production bag is underestimated. He offers the bag door to door, and is often rejected. Though the price of his bag was about Rp 25 thousands. "In 2009 that, my production bag like baseball there is a want .. New in 2011 my nephew who is pinter computer offers in cyberspace, online and the results are amazing," he said. In addition to many who come directly to workshopnya, buyers also often order online. Since then, he has been innovating with the shell craft labeled CocoArt. There are 34 models of bags that become collections. The size varies with the price from Rp 25 thousand to Rp 125 thousand. Ismarofi also produces necklaces at the price of Rp 15 thousand, bracelets and key chains each worth Rp 5 thousand. The more crowded orders, making his wife, Rirawik Rikawati (38) must go to help his husband's business. Ririn who has 7 years working in optics chose to withdraw from his job. "Because the design is mostly my make, so let maximal total work, I finally resign," said this woman This collaboration of husband and wife expertise makes Coco Art production more and more flying. If initially they were only able to hire 2 employees, now there are 40 residents who work in Coco Art workshop. "In a day we are able to produce 50 bags of various models.Obudet Alhamdulillah can get Rp 20 million in a month," he said. The buyers were from Sabang to Merauke. Most reservations come from Maumere (Flores), Kalimantan, Bali and Lombok. "If the foreigners are selling the migrant workers, like in Hong Kong, Brunei and Malaysia, tourists who stay in this hotel are many messages from Russia, Netherlands and Mexico," said Ririn.If tourists from Europe, continued Ririn, it prefers craft shells without finishing (diplitur). They prefer the natural texture of the shell. What is the key to their success? Ririn replied, it's all the result of innovating, and takes time, effort and cost. "What is clear, must dare step to start," he concluded. Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/Dedjoem-1392841640771647/ Twitter : https://twitter.com/dedjoem Google+ : https://plus.google.com/114721230418536351637/ Tumblr : https://dedjoem.tumblr.com/ Pinterest : https://id.pinterest.com/dedjoem/ LiveJournal : http://dedjoem.livejournal.com Jangan Lupa Like Dan Subscribe ChannelKami DEDJOEM untuk Video terbaru selanjutnya. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQFbCUmND4Xxk_tEMNCfpng https://youtu.be/vTyUPCkyk10 DIY Mini Beach in Coconut nut shell | Waste Materials Craft In this tutorial you can see that how to make a beautiful mini sea beach in coconut shell. It has a mini Coconut tree, mini umbrella and sea beach chair.This ea... In this tutorial you can see that how to make a beautiful mini sea beach in coconut shell. It has a mini Coconut tree, mini umbrella and sea beach chair.This easy DIY project is for fun, positive and fresh feelings.... Materials used: Plastic Bottle, Coconut shell, Thin card paper, simple white paper, Hot glue, Newspaper, Jute Thread, some Acrylic colors, wire, Matchsticks. if you find this video useful so subscribe to my channel and share it with your friends and family. I will try my best to make my channel as creative as possible In this tutorial you can see that how to make a beautiful mini sea beach in coconut shell. It has a mini Coconut tree, mini umbrella and sea beach chair.This easy DIY project is for fun, positive and fresh feelings.... Materials used: Plastic Bottle, Coconut shell, Thin card paper, simple white paper, Hot glue, Newspaper, Jute Thread, some Acrylic colors, wire, Matchsticks. if you find this video useful so subscribe to my channel and share it with your friends and family. I will try my best to make my channel as creative as possible How To Made A Beautiful Coconut Shell Pendants [Hand Made Art ] p2 Hand made PaperFine art is Fine art which has been recently constructed as well as made yourself as an alternative to by using products. Using the suggestions ... Hand made PaperFine art is Fine art which has been recently constructed as well as made yourself as an alternative to by using products. Using the suggestions of the NationalIndustryCommission, to be rubber-stamped or perhaps known as "handmade" the project must be manufactured entirely yourself strength or perhaps give guidance. Consequently art can be manufactured making use of exercises, lathes, or perhaps some other machines, but it must be carefully guided because of the human give. This specific precludes using boxing techinque presses, CNC machines, as well as spreading, to mention a couple of techniques using which may produce the bracelets not are eligible seeing that "handmade". Further than of which, made by hand bracelets can be created from almost any material sufficient reason for numerous techniques. The particular U . s . Gemstone Industry OrganizationSelection honors, the Gemstone MiddleIdar Oberstein, and the De Cans of beer Prizes consist of honors pertaining to made by hand art. Hand made PaperFine art is Fine art which has been recently constructed as well as made yourself as an alternative to by using products. Using the suggestions of the NationalIndustryCommission, to be rubber-stamped or perhaps known as "handmade" the project must be manufactured entirely yourself strength or perhaps give guidance. Consequently art can be manufactured making use of exercises, lathes, or perhaps some other machines, but it must be carefully guided because of the human give. This specific precludes using boxing techinque presses, CNC machines, as well as spreading, to mention a couple of techniques using which may produce the bracelets not are eligible seeing that "handmade". Further than of which, made by hand bracelets can be created from almost any material sufficient reason for numerous techniques. The particular U . s . Gemstone Industry OrganizationSelection honors, the Gemstone MiddleIdar Oberstein, and the De Cans of beer Prizes consist of honors pertaining to made by hand art. Craft products from coconut shells It is very refreshing in Ghana to see people break a coconut, drink its juice and eat the flesh. The usefulness of the crop is beyond measure; every part of th... It is very refreshing in Ghana to see people break a coconut, drink its juice and eat the flesh. The usefulness of the crop is beyond measure; every part of the plant, from its roots to the fronds, is useful to man. But there is a new use of the coconut which is fast becoming vogue in Ghana. The coconut shell is being used to produce handcrafted containers of various sizes. Let's have a look. It is very refreshing in Ghana to see people break a coconut, drink its juice and eat the flesh. The usefulness of the crop is beyond measure; every part of the plant, from its roots to the fronds, is useful to man. But there is a new use of the coconut which is fast becoming vogue in Ghana. The coconut shell is being used to produce handcrafted containers of various sizes. Let's have a look. coconut shell ideas hey This video will help you to teach how to create your different types of crafts from coconut shell. Diy crafts are always awesome to do. after seeing this yo... hey This video will help you to teach how to create your different types of crafts from coconut shell. Diy crafts are always awesome to do. after seeing this you will get some ideas to make your ideas and just implement with this. Do Something Before throwing waste just think one second and do decorative items for your house...Happy decorating...... coconut shell ideas summer gift ideas holiday gift ideas kids gifts ideas homemade gift ideas cheapest gift ideas Thanks for watching. hey This video will help you to teach how to create your different types of crafts from coconut shell. Diy crafts are always awesome to do. after seeing this you will get some ideas to make your ideas and just implement with this. Do Something Before throwing waste just think one second and do decorative items for your house...Happy decorating...... coconut shell ideas summer gift ideas holiday gift ideas kids gifts ideas homemade gift ideas cheapest gift ideas Thanks for watching. Coconut Shell Products Ideas coconut shell products Coconut shell, a once discarded outer hard cover of a coconut is now a product of great demand. In addition to the known fact that coconut shells are used in handicraft industry to make very interesting pieces of art, coconut shells have various other uses apart from the arts and crafts industry. This section throws light on such innovative products derived from this humble outer shell. Business Coconut Shell Craft BusinessCoconutShellCraftSeeing the abundant waste of coconut shells in BlitarCity, Ismarofi (42) racked his brain. With a capital of Rp 2 million from a neighbor's loan, a resident of Jl Kaliglagah 48 Tanjungsari, Sukorejo Sub-district, Blitar City is in action. Ismarofi took the waste from his neighboring vegetable vendor. Then make a modification machine to form the coconut shells in accordance with the motive of the chill. After that, shapes that have been shaped a particular motif affixed to the paper media carton coated fabric. "Only after that is sewn with Nylon thread and then finished finishing, then we put the furing handle handle, so the shirt bag," he explained at his workshop on Saturday This is the beginning of the bag journey in Blitar. Initially Ismarofi production bag is underestimated. He offers the bag door to door, and is often rejected. Though the price of his bag was about Rp 25 thousands. "In 2009 that, my production bag like baseball there is a want .. New in 2011 my nephew who is pinter computer offers in cyberspace, online and the results are amazing," he said. In addition to many who come directly to workshopnya, buyers also often order online. Since then, he has been innovating with the shell craft labeled CocoArt. There are 34 models of bags that become collections. The size varies with the price from Rp 25 thousand to Rp 125 thousand. Ismarofi also produces necklaces at the price of Rp 15 thousand, bracelets and key chains each worth Rp 5 thousand. The more crowded orders, making his wife, Rirawik Rikawati (38) must go to help his husband's business. Ririn who has 7 years working in optics chose to withdraw from his job. "Because the design is mostly my make, so let maximal total work, I finally resign," said this woman This collaboration of husband and wife expertise makes Coco Art production more and more flying. If initially they were only able to hire 2 employees, now there are 40 residents who work in Coco Art workshop. "In a day we are able to produce 50 bags of various models.Obudet Alhamdulillah can get Rp 20 million in a month," he said. The buyers were from Sabang to Merauke. Most reservations come from Maumere (Flores), Kalimantan, Bali and Lombok. "If the foreigners are selling the migrant workers, like in Hong Kong, Brunei and Malaysia, tourists who stay in this hotel are many messages from Russia, Netherlands and Mexico," said Ririn.If tourists from Europe, continued Ririn, it prefers craft shells without finishing (diplitur). They prefer the natural texture of the shell. What is the key to their success? Ririn replied, it's all the result of innovating, and takes time, effort and cost. "What is clear, must dare step to start," he concluded. Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/Dedjoem-1392841640771647/ Twitter : https://twitter.com/dedjoem Google+ : https://plus.google.com/114721230418536351637/ Tumblr : https://dedjoem.tumblr.com/ Pinterest : https://id.pinterest.com/dedjoem/ LiveJournal : http://dedjoem.livejournal.com Jangan Lupa Like Dan Subscribe ChannelKami DEDJOEM untuk Video terbaru selanjutnya. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQFbCUmND4Xxk_tEMNCfpng https://youtu.be/vTyUPCkyk10 DIY Mini Beach in Coconut nut shell | Waste Materials Craft In this tutorial you can see that how to make a beautiful mini sea beach in coconut shell. It has a mini Coconut tree, mini umbrella and sea beach chair.This easy DIY project is for fun, positive and fresh feelings.... Materials used: Plastic Bottle, Coconut shell, Thin card paper, simple white paper, Hot glue, Newspaper, Jute Thread, some Acrylic colors, wire, Matchsticks. if you find this video useful so subscribe to my channel and share it with your friends and family. I will try my best to make my channel as creative as possible How To Made A Beautiful Coconut Shell Pendants [Hand Made Art ] p2 Hand made PaperFine art is Fine art which has been recently constructed as well as made yourself as an alternative to by using products. Using the suggestions of the NationalIndustryCommission, to be rubber-stamped or perhaps known as "handmade" the project must be manufactured entirely yourself strength or perhaps give guidance. Consequently art can be manufactured making use of exercises, lathes, or perhaps some other machines, but it must be carefully guided because of the human give. This specific precludes using boxing techinque presses, CNC machines, as well as spreading, to mention a couple of techniques using which may produce the bracelets not are eligible seeing that "handmade". Further than of which, made by hand bracelets can be created from almost any material sufficient reason for numerous techniques. The particular U . s . Gemstone Industry OrganizationSelection honors, the Gemstone MiddleIdar Oberstein, and the De Cans of beer Prizes consist of honors pertaining to made by hand art. Craft products from coconut shells It is very refreshing in Ghana to see people break a coconut, drink its juice and eat the flesh. The usefulness of the crop is beyond measure; every part of the plant, from its roots to the fronds, is useful to man. But there is a new use of the coconut which is fast becoming vogue in Ghana. The coconut shell is being used to produce handcrafted containers of various sizes. Let's have a look. coconut shell ideas hey This video will help you to teach how to create your different types of crafts from coconut shell. Diy crafts are always awesome to do. after seeing this you will get some ideas to make your ideas and just implement with this. Do Something Before throwing waste just think one second and do decorative items for your house...Happy decorating...... coconut shell ideas summer gift ideas holiday gift ideas kids gifts ideas homemade gift ideas cheapest gift ideas Thanks for watching.

Columns In high school, I was placed on something called the Regents Diploma track. Almost everyone there was headed for college or the military. It was rumored that the Daughters of the American Revolution chapter provided college scholarships for members’ daughters. My mother trekked up to a Poughkeepsie, New York cemetery to document family history that would help to establish her, and thus, my, DAR eligibility. Her several greats-grandfather, Samuel Dodge (1730-1807), had been a member of the Legislature and served in the Revolution as Lt. Colonel in the Dutchess County, New York Regiment. He went missing in 1777, imprisoned by the Brits at Fort Montgomery, and mustered out in 1782. P.S. The “catch” to getting the DAR college scholarship -- a length-of-time-a-member qualification. A few years ago I discovered all those accumulated and inherited documents. I am a Dodge family descendant, part of the Block Island, Tristram Dodge branch. I was able to construct a family tree as well as to flesh out its many leaves using, mainly, the Internet and online tools. The first known Dodge in America was Tristram Dodge Senior, a fisherman born in England circa 1607. He came to Massachusetts with his four sons and joined the original settlers of Block Island in 1661. It is not known why Tristram and wife Ann emigrated to Massachusetts, but there is speculation that their migration was not voluntary. He was a Baptist and may have joined the Scottish Presbyterian army to fight against Oliver Cromwell, ending up serving seven years’ servitude in Massachusetts. Ultimately, they joined other Dodges on Block Island in 1667, and they all became Freemen in 1670. Circa 1721, Thomas Dodge built a house at Cow Neck on the north shore of Long Island. “My” Samuel Dodge was born there.The brown-shingled Thomas Dodge House is probably the oldest extant house in the Port Washington area. Seven generations of the Dodge family lived in the house located at today’s 58 Harbor Road, Port Washington, New York. It is listed on the State and National Register of Historic Places and is open by appointment. Coal dealer Alexander Forbes Dodge was born in New York City, as Manhattan Island was known, in 1796. His daughter, my great grandmother Mary Dodge, was born in 1839 and grew up cozily with her family and two older sisters, Elizabeth and Charlotte, at 36 Orchard Street, in the Tenth Ward of lower Manhattan, two blocks away from today’s 97 Orchard, the not-to-be-missed Lower East Side Tenement Museum. Their mother taught at Houston Street Industrial School. New York’s “Industrial schools” were staffed by volunteers and administered by the State Board of Charities to serve orphans and abandoned children. The 1850 Census records a servant in their home: fifteen year old Margaret Langley, born in Ireland. By 1862 they had moved uptown, and Alexander’s business address was 81 Wall. His Civil War service in the New York Militia provided his widow with a pension of $8.00 a month commencing in 1878. In 1850, married women could not own property, sue, or keep money they were able to earn, although they might be required to pay taxes. Colleges and professions did not admit them. A respectable unmarried or widow woman in need of a paying occupation might consider work as a seamstress or tutoring, or she might become someone’s char. My widowed great grandmother, Mary Dodge Wardell, taught piano in the back parlor. My spinster great Aunt Aggie was an unpaid servant in her younger brother’s home. A year ago I was contacted by an eBay vendor who had discovered me via the Internet. She listed “an interesting piece of ephemera, a birthday booklet Thy Birthday by [my great aunt] Charlotte Dodge Brombacher, printed in Munich, 5 pages inside, each with two stanzas of poetry and illustrations. Wirths Brothers New-York London Munich Printed in Munich." The World Catalog lists five sentimental ditties by Charlotte, published in the 1880’s andin university library collections. Recently I received an email from a cousin in England of whom I was totally unaware! And I have just learned of the Hispanic Dodge site. http://www.hispanicdodgeancestry.com/Home.html provides the fascinating background of Juana de la Trinidad Sandoval and Henry Lafayette Dodge. I started my family tree with a Poughkeepsie tombstone and nine generations of Dodges. I learned a lot, querying by online searches and emails historical societies and online archives, hospital records, librarians, government records, genealogy publications, and cemeteries, and census tracts. On Tuesday, March 22, from 6 to 7:30 PM at Central, 2090 Kittredge St., Berkeley, CA 94704, the Berkeley Public Library plans to conduct a public training on using Ancestry.com. Be sure to confirm date and time (510) 981-6100. Ancestry.com is described by an instructor as a basic basic. “…a great (nay, the gold standard) genealogy database. One may purchase it for home use, or use it in the library for free…. at least basic internet knowledge is a must to use this great tool… we also offer a Basic internet skills class here at the Central Library every Monday (from 6-6:50PM) & Thursday (10AM-11AM).” Your public library is a good starting point for learning about one’s ancestors and constructing a family tree. Next, get a pc! Email and Internet access are essential. Libraries have Genealogy Online for Dummies, by Matthew L. Helm and April Leigh Helm. It offers advice on researching family history on the Web, including search strategies, data sharing, government records, genealogical software, and publishing the results on the Web. Brooklyn Daily Eagle newspaper -- useful for 19th and 20th Centuries Long Island information. Its contents are on microfilm from October 1841 to January 1955 and October 1960 to June 1963, available at the Brooklyn Public Library. Much of it is accessible (readable) online! For information, go to http://www.brooklynpubliclibrary.org/. Click on BrooklynDaily Eagle 1841 to 1902 Online. Five states have made recent advances in aid-in-dying. Montana, Oregon and Washington have legalized this choice at the voting booth or in the court. Right-to-know laws are an effective vehicle to empower patients in states where a referendum or lawsuit is just not feasible. For example, the Right-to-Know Act in California and the Palliative Care Information Act in New York State. Each passed. Doctors in these states can no longer withhold information about hospice, palliative sedation, suspension of invasive care, and other means of assuring a comfortable death. “Unwanted care” is a new area of health care policy and practice. Note: I’m not referring to a same-titled manga and anime. Restoration of the Centers of Medicare & Medicaid Services rule – briefly put forth by the Obama Administration at the end of 2010, is needed. It was mischaracterized as “death panels” by anti-choice zealots. For more information, contact Compassions & Choices (POB 101810, Denver CO 80250 if you’re not yet online). Responding to Senior Power columns, Berkeley resident S.R. described recent experiences visiting the Elmwood Nursing Rehabilitation (Internet), which is listed by Medicare as Elmwood Care Center and as Elmwood Sanitorium-- a for-profit corporation with an overall rating of one star of a possible five. S.R.’s attempts to visit a patient-friend, were unsuccessful. The friend’s existence was acknowledged by staff, but he had seemingly been lost! S.R. noted “placidly indifferent” staff, a lack of posted ombudsman notice(s), corridors lined with people sitting in wheelchairs, and lack of security, i.e. there was no controlled entrance-check point: it was possible to enter the building and wander about freely.

The largest specimen recently caught was a world-record breaking five-metre long, 60 year-old oil catfish weighing up to 500 kilos. It is the biggest freshwater fish species in the world. A five metre long, 100 kilo skate has also awed Mekong River fishermen. However, the giant Thai carp is recognised as the king of the river. The giant Thai is the biggest carp species in the world. The Mekong River regularly proves home to 60 to 70 kilo specimens. However, Thai carp have been known to reach two metres in length, weighing in at a huge 300 kilos.

Q: Special Pythagorean Triplet What's wrong with my code? It prints 2,2 when the correct answer is clearly 6,8 public static void main(String[] args) { int a = 1; int b = 1; int answer = 0; int j = 4; while (j == 4) { for (a = 1; a <= 10; a++) { for (b = 1; b <= 10; b++) { answer = a * a + b * b; if (answer == 100) { j = 10; } } } } System.out.println(a + " " + b); } A: if(answer == 100); you have an extra semicolon after your if. This will cause it to execute the j = 10; no matter what answer equals

--- abstract: 'At the faintest radio flux densities ($S_{1.4}<10$mJy), conflicting results have arisen regarding whether there is a flattening of the average spectral index between a low radio frequency (325 or 610MHz), and e.g. 1.4GHz. We present a new catalogue of 843MHz radio sources in the ELAIS-S1 field that contains the sources, their ATLAS counterparts, and the spectral index distributions of the sources as a function of flux density. We do not find any statistically significant evidence for a trend towards flatter spectral indices with decreasing flux density. We then investigate the spectral index distribution with redshift for those sources with reliable redshifts and explore the infrared properties. An initial sample of faint Compact Steep Spectrum sources in ATLAS is also presented, with a brief overview of their properties.' author: - | K. E. Randall$^{1,2}$[^1], A. M. Hopkins$^{3}$, R. P. Norris$^{2}$, P.-C. Zinn$^{4}$, E. Middelberg$^{4}$,M. Y. Mao$^{2,3,5}$, R. G. Sharp$^{6}$\\ $^{1}$Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia\\ $^{2}$CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science (CASS), P.O. Box 76, Epping NSW, 1710, Australia\\ $^{3}$Australian Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 296, Epping, NSW, 1710, Australia\\ $^{4}$Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universit$\\ddot{a}$t Bochum, Universit$\\ddot{a}$tsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany\\ $^{5}$School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 27, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia\\ $^{6}$Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Australian National University, Cotter Road, Weston, ACT 2611, Australia date: 'Accepted 2011 December 20. Received 2011 December 16; in original form 2011 October 17' title: Spectral index properties of milliJansky radio sources --- \\[firstpage\\] catalogues — galaxies: active — galaxies: evolution — radio continuum: galaxies. Introduction ============ The desire to understand the properties of the faintest radio source populations has led to numerous surveys pushing to ever fainter levels. There are now a large number of deep and wide area radio surveys available, such as the Australia Telescope Large Area Survey [ATLAS; @ray; @Middelberg08], the Cosmic Evolution Survey [COSMOS; @scoville; @smolcic], the ATESP Survey [@prandoni; @prandoni1; @prandoni2], the Phoenix Deep Survey [@phoenix], and many others [@seymour; @owen; @owen1; @ibar; @ibar1]. The bright radio source population ($S_{1.4}>10$mJy) is well studied, and is predominantly composed of active galactic nuclei (AGN) [@condon; @grup; @maglio; @georg; @afonso1]. At fainter flux densities, star-forming galaxies (SFGs) begin to dominate the radio source population, particularly into the $\\mu$Jy regime [@windhorst85; @srccnts; @afonso; @seymour]. Understanding these faint radio source populations is essential for understanding galaxy evolution, the role of star formation, AGN and the relationship between the two. The use of multiwavelength data to complement radio surveys is vital in order to distinguish between AGN and star formation processes as the origin of the radio emission down to the faintest flux densities, although there is likely also a composite population at these faint levels [@hill99; @hill01]. The relative proportions of these two populations will have an effect on the average radio spectral index ($\\alpha$)[^2] as a function of flux density, and at the faintest flux densities, core-dominated AGN may be more prevalent, and may flatten the average spectral index to $\\alpha>-0.7$. Conflicting evidence has arisen over the nature and properties of sources at frequencies below 1.4GHz, particularly of their spectral index properties, and whether there is a flattening of the average spectral indices for faint ($S_{1.4}<10$mJy) radio sources. @prandoni2 [@prandoni4] found sources with fluxes less than a few milliJansky had an average spectral index which was flatter than that of the brighter radio sources ($\\alpha\\sim-0.7$). Similarly, @owen found a flattening of the average spectral index between 325MHz and 1.4GHz for 1.4GHz selected radio sources with $S_{1.4}<10$mJy, and angular sizes $>3''$. They found though, that the spectral indices steepen again at the faintest flux density end of the 20cm survey ($\\sim\\,0.5\\,$mJy). In contrast, in the deepest radio field, the Lockman Hole [@ibar], no flattening of the spectral indices between 610MHz and 1.4GHz was seen for flux densities S$_{1.4}>100\\mu$Jy. A flattening of the average spectral indices implies that there is a flat or inverted spectrum population of sources at these milliJansky flux densities, at fluxes fainter than where the steep spectrum star-forming population emerges ($\\sim0.5\\,$mJy). Investigating the milliJansky and microJansky radio source populations at different frequencies allows us to investigate this suspected flattening of the average spectral indices, and the population of sources causing the flattening, particularly if we can fill in the frequency regime from very low frequencies ($\\sim100$MHz) up to 1.4GHz. It is necessary to understand the spectral index properties of these faint radio sources for many reasons, such as the $z$-$\\alpha$ relation, used to find the most distant radio galaxies [@debreuck04; @klamer; @ishwara], identifying young radio AGN, such as Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) and Compact Steep Spectrum (CSS) sources [@Review; @young; @morganti] or determining the emission mechanism in radio galaxies, whether it is from star formation, or the central AGN [@prandoni2]. Here we present radio observations at 843MHz in the ELAIS-S1 field, for which we have complementary 1.4 and 2.3GHz data from ATLAS that we can use to investigate the possible spectral index flattening at a frequency nearer to the ubiquitous 1.4GHz radio surveys. Section \\[sec:elais\\] briefly reviews the existing multiwavelength data covering the ELAIS-S1 region and ATLAS, and in Section \\[sec:data\\] we describe our observations, the data reduction, and the cross-matching process to the ATLAS 1.4 and 2.3GHz catalogue. We present the catalogue in Section \\[sec:catalogue\\]. Our results and analysis are explored in Section \\[sec:results\\], and a new faint sample of candidate CSS sources is presented in Section \\[sec:props\\], discussing the initial selection and properties of these sources. Our results and plans for future work are discussed in Section \\[sec:discussion\\] and our conclusions are presented in Section \\[sec:concl\\]. Throughout this analysis, unless otherwise noted, we use the cosmological parameters, $\\Omega_{M}=0.27$, $\\Omega_{\\Lambda}=0.73$ and $H_0=71$kms$^{-1}$Mpc$^{-1}$ [@wmap]. The ELAIS-S1 Region {#sec:elais} =================== The European Large Area ISO Survey - South 1 Region (ELAIS-S1) has been a target for many multiwavelength surveys and targeted observations over the last decade. The ELAIS-S1 field covers $2^{\\circ}\\times2^{\\circ}$, centred on RA = $00{^h}34{^m}44^{s}.4$ and Dec=$-43^{\\circ}28'12''.0$ (J2000.0). Observations covering the ELAIS-S1 field include radio imaging, optical imaging and spectroscopic redshifts, infra-red observations (near, mid and far-infrared), UV, and X-ray observations. Part of the attraction for the multiwavelength surveys in this region is that this field has the lowest Galactic 100$\\mu$m cirrus emission in the southern sky [@schlegel], including the absolute minimum. Multiwavelength data in ELAIS ----------------------------- ### ISO The field was first observed as part of a deep, wide-angle survey with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) at 15 and 90$\\mu$m [@oliver]. Follow-up observations were done at 6.7$\\mu$m, and the catalogue covering the S1 Region at these three wavelengths is discussed in @rowan. The complete 15$\\mu$m catalogue contains all the sources from the ELAIS regions: N1, N2, N3, S1, S2, and was finalized by @vaccari. The three bands of this survey have rms noise levels of 1.0, 0.7 and 70 mJy respectively for the 6.7, 15 and 90$\\mu$m bands. Photometric uncertainties for all bands were $\\sim10\\%$, and the astrometric accuracy is $\\sim0.5''$. ### Spitzer/SWIRE {#sec:swire} The ELAIS-S1 field was observed by the Spitzer Space Telescope as part of the largest Legacy Program, the Spitzer Wide-area Infra-Red Extragalactic survey [SWIRE; @lonsdale; @lonsdale1]. SWIRE aimed to trace the evolution of dusty SFGs, AGN, and evolved stellar populations out to a redshift of $z\\sim$3, by imaging large areas of sky in seven different infrared bands. In combination with optical imaging, this would allow SED modeling and exploration of galaxy evolution with environment. The seven imaging bands of SWIRE used two different instruments aboard Spitzer, the Multiband Imaging Photometer [MIPS; @rieke], and the Infrared Array Camera [IRAC; @fazio], covering $\\sim7$deg$^2$ over the ELAIS-S1 region. The 24$\\mu$m MIPS imaging reaches a 5$\\sigma$ sensitivity of 350$\\mu$Jy, and the IRAC bands of 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8.0$\\mu$m have 5$\\sigma$ sensitivities of 3.7, 5.3, 48 and 37.75$\\mu$Jy respectively. ### ESIS The ESO-Spitzer Imaging extragalactic Survey (ESIS) is the optical follow-up to SWIRE, consisting of optical imaging in the B, V, R bands with the Wide Field Imager [WFI; @berta], and I and z band imaging with VIMOS [@berta1]. Currently, the VIMOS observations have been completed, but the WFI observations are not yet fully processed. The BVR observations described in @berta cover 1.5deg$^2$, in the central region of the ELAIS-S1 field. The catalogue of BVR sources is 95% complete to 25$^{m}$ in B and V, and 24.5$^{m}$ in R. 132712 sources are included in this catalogue, with an rms uncertainty of $\\sim0.15''$ for the coordinates of the sources. The VIMOS data covers $\\sim4$deg$^2$ in the I band and $\\sim1$deg$^2$ in the z band, resulting in a completeness of 90% at 23.1$^{m}$ in the I band, and 22.5$^{m}$ in the z band. Over 300,000 sources were catalogued in the I band, and over 50,000 in the z band, with an rms of $\\sim0.2''$ in both bands.  ### Previous Radio Observations Prior to the ATLAS observations (detailed below in §\\[sec:atlas\\]), @grup [G99] observed the ELAIS-S1 field using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in 1997, covering $\\sim7$deg$^2$. The observations consisted of a mosaic of 49 different pointings, resulting in an image rms of $\\sim80\\mu$Jy at 1.4GHz, and a catalogue of 581 radio sources. The lowest flux density sources were catalogued down to a 5$\\sigma$ level of 0.2mJy in the centre of the field, and 0.4mJy in the remaining area. ### X-ray Observations BeppoSAX, an X-ray satellite, first observed 40% of the ELAIS-S1 field in 1999 [@alexander]. These observations reached a sensitivity of $\\sim10^{-13}$ergcm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ in the 2$-$10keV range, covering $\\sim1.7$deg$^2$. The central $\\sim0.6$deg$^2$ were then surveyed by XMM-Newton in four deep pointings [@puccetti]. The XMM observations were taken in both soft and hard X-rays, and each pointing had a net exposure time of $\\sim60$ks. A total of 478 sources were detected, with 395 in the soft X-ray band (0.5$-$2keV) and 205 in hard X-ray (2-10keV). The flux limits are $\\sim5.5\\times10^{-16}$ergcm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ and $\\sim2\\times10^{-15}$ergcm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ respectively for the soft and hard bands. ### UV Observations The ultraviolet Galaxy Evolution Explorer [GALEX; @martin] observed the ELAIS field in two of its observing modes; the Deep Imaging and Wide Spectroscopic Survey modes [@burgarella]. The bands observed were centred on 153 and 231nm, and the current data release (GR6[^3]) covers 70% of the sky in the imaging mode, and has 61439 spectroscopic sources. The ELAIS field was observed for $\\sim9$hours in the spectroscopic survey mode, and $\\sim3$hours in the imaging mode. In the analysis below we focus on the infrared data as the primary complement to our radio data, although in future work we will also take advantage of the X-ray and UV measurements. The Australia Telescope Large Area Survey (ATLAS) {#sec:atlas} ------------------------------------------------- ATLAS is the widest, deep radio survey to date [@ray; @Middelberg08 N06, M08], covering $\\sim7$deg$^2$ over two fields, ELAIS-S1, and the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS). The rms of the 1.4GHz imaging data is currently 30$\\mu$Jy, and the aim is to achieve an rms of 10$\\mu$Jy across both fields [@banfield]. ATLAS observations have been completed at 1.4 and 2.3 GHz with ATCA from 2006 to 2010, with one data release in 2008, and subsequent data releases to begin in late 2011 [@chales; @banfield]. ATLAS has many scientific goals, primarily focussed on investigating the evolution of galaxies and AGN. Specific goals include distinguishing between AGN and SFGs and determining the contribution of each to a given galaxy’s luminosity, searching for high-$z$ radio galaxies to trace the formation of clusters at high redshift [@minnie], and finding new types of rare sources [N06, M08, @ifrs]. The ATLAS survey regions were chosen because of the large amount of multiwavelength data covering these two fields, including near and far-infrared, and deep optical data, and in some areas, X-ray and UV. We aim to create the most comprehensive multiwavelength survey of faint radio sources to date. ATLAS currently contains $\\sim\\,2000$ radio sources, and we estimate we will have $\\sim\\,16000$ radio sources following final analysis of new observations completed in 2010 from ATCA with the Compact Array Broadband Backend [CABB; @cabb]. These new observations consist of 1000 hours of integration time, and cover a bandwidth of 0.5GHz centred on 1.4GHz. In ELAIS-S1, 1276 radio sources have been catalogued, comprising 1366 radio components, at 1.4GHz [@Middelberg08 M08]. The 2.3GHz image has a lower sensitivity, with an rms noise level of $\\sim60\\mu$Jy in the central $\\sim1$deg$^2$ and $\\sim100\\mu$Jy over the entire field. We find only 576 radio sources have a well-defined counterpart at 2.3GHz, mainly because the resolution is $\\sim3$ times coarser at this frequency than at 1.4GHz as a consequence of the compact configuration of ATCA used for these observations. For the purposes of this paper and catalogue, we use the cross-matches by @zinn [Z11], where we take the 1.4GHz sources matched to the poorer resolution 2.3GHz data, and extract the fluxes from these images for each source. M08 also compared their flux densities and positions to G99 by repeating their source extraction on the G99 1.4GHz radio image. The differences in radio positions were determined to be negligible, but the flux densities of M08, while within $\\sim\\,3$% of the earlier measurements, were consistently higher than G99.   Observations, data reduction and cross-matching {#sec:data} =============================================== To obtain low-radio frequency (843MHz) data within ATLAS, we used the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope [MOST; @mills; @robertson]. The MOST is a 1.6km long cylindrical paraboloid reflector, with its axis aligned in an east-west direction. It operates at a frequency of 843MHz, and has a field of view of $2{\\fdg}7cosec(\\delta)\\times2{\\fdg}7$deg$^2$ [@large; @bock]. We have 31 separate 12 hour observations taken with MOST, which were combined into a single image. The CDFS field (centred at RA = $03{^h}32{^m}28^{s}$ and Dec=$-27^{\\circ}48'31\\farcs0$ (J2000.0)) was not observed, due to strong radio frequency interference (RFI) that increased with lower elevation. Processing ---------- The data reduction pipeline for MOST data is highly automated and reliable. Unfortunately, the telescope was subject to severe RFI at the time of our observations. The process to remove the RFI required manual identification and excision of the affected data. Once completed, we were able to re-run the data pipeline, and produce final cleaned images. Seven of our 31 observations were subject to RFI that we were unable to remove completely, and these were not included in our final imaging. The remaining 24 images were added together in MIRIAD, first by re-gridding the images to ensure a common astrometry and pixel grid, and then using the task <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">imcomb</span> to combine the images. The final image has an rms sensitivity of $\\approx0.6$mJy, a higher value than expected due to the presence of low-level RFI that could not be excised. We catalogue sources down to a $5\\sigma$ level of 3mJy. The final image is shown in Figure \\[fig:mostimage\\] with the approximate borders of the ATLAS 1.4 and 2.3GHz mosaics overlaid. The MOST image was subject to two kinds of artifacts, grating rings and radial spokes. Due to the nature of the telescope design and observing mode, these artifacts are technically difficult to remove. The artifacts remain in our image, and due care was taken to ensure all objects in our final catalogue were not spurious sources associated with the artifacts. An in-depth discussion of these artifacts is given in @SUMSS2. Source-finding -------------- Source finding for the final MOST image was done using the task <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">sfind</span> [@sfind] in MIRIAD. This produces a catalogue of source positions, peak and total flux density and errors, plus the attributes of the Gaussian fits for each source. The final catalogue contains 325 radio sources, after removal of $\\approx100$ spurious sources associated with the grating rings and radial spokes. The spurious sources were identified and removed by visual inspection (most lay directly on a strong radial spoke or diffraction ring), and by comparison to the Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey [SUMSS; @bock; @SUMSS2] images (see §\\[sec:fluxdist\\] for details). Each MOST ATLAS source was identified in the SUMSS images with a low signal-to-noise source that was below the detection level of the SUMSS catalogue. The MOST image is larger than the ATLAS survey region, so our catalogue encompasses a larger number of sources in total than we subsequently analyse together with the other ATLAS data. We use the process outlined in @phoenix to calculate the errors associated with our measured flux densities, and use Equation 5 of @phoenix with one small modification:\\ $$\\sigma_I=I \\sqrt{2.5 \\frac{\\sigma^2}{I^2} + 0.05^2}, \\label{eq:error}$$ where $I$ is the total integrated flux density, $\\sigma$ is the rms error in the image at the source location, and $\\sigma_I$ is the total error on the integrated flux density. We use $0.05^{2}$ as the sum of the squares of the instrumental and pointing errors as given in M08, instead of $0.01^{2}$ as given in @phoenix. We have used the more conservative estimate of these errors as given by M08, due to the calibration accuracy of MOST being comparable to that of ATCA. Cross-matching to ATLAS {#sec:crossmatch} ----------------------- The final MOST catalogue was positionally cross-matched to the combined 1.4 and 2.3GHz catalogue produced by Z11, that included the relevant SWIRE and optical data. As mentioned previously in §\\[sec:atlas\\], only 576 of the 1276 1.4GHz radio sources in ELAIS have a reliable single 2.3GHz counterpart, whilst 460 have no counterpart, and 240 are blended or poorly fitted sources (where the 2.3GHz counterpart encompasses multiple 1.4GHz sources). From our cross-matching, 105 MOST sources were matched to single sources in the Z11 catalogue. Another 30 MOST sources were matched to confused or blended sources from Z11, and 31 MOST sources were found to have multiple isolated Z11 sources matched to a single MOST source. Resolution Matching {#sec:convolution} ------------------- The resolution of the MOST image, $62''\\times\\,43''$, is much coarser than the resolution of the 1.4GHz image ($10''\\times7''$), and the 2.3GHz image ($33''\\times20''$). To determine accurate spectral indices across the three frequencies, it is necessary to convolve the ATLAS 1.4 and 2.3GHz images to the same size as the MOST beam to ensure the recovered flux for sources at all frequencies includes any emission extended on scales up to those consistent with the MOST beam. Figure \\[fig:resol\\] shows an example of a complex source from the ATLAS 1.4GHz catalogue in greyscale in the three radio frequencies, to highlight the differences in resolution. In Figure \\[fig:resol1\\], the same source is shown after convolving the 1.4 and 2.3GHz images to the same resolution as the MOST image. Although convolution removes most of the small scale structure visible in the original ATLAS 1.4GHz image, it ensures we are detecting emission from the same spatial region from each source. For consistency, we used <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">sfind</span> to detect sources within the convolved 1.4 and 2.3GHz images. This allows us to measure errors on our flux densities that are consistent for the three images, which is important for producing accurate spectral indices and associated uncertainties. Rather than rejecting blended sources entirely, we account for them carefully in our catalogue. These are single or point sources in the 843MHz MOST image (and the 1.4 and 2.3GHz convolved ATLAS images) that encompass multiple ATLAS 1.4GHz sources from the M08 catalogue (Figure \\[fig:complex\\]). The M08 flux densities for these sources reported in our catalogue are the summed values of the individual M08 1.4GHz flux densities. As the contribution to the total flux density from each individual component within a blended source cannot be determined, we treat them as a single entity for the purpose of the current analysis, even though they may be physically unrelated. We include these sources in our analysis for completeness, but caution that their spectral indices should not be considered as accurate estimates of those for the underlying source components. ### Flux Density Comparisons and Corrections To ensure our measured 1.4 and 2.3GHz flux densities from the convolved, coarser-resolution, images were robust, we compared these to the flux densities in M08 and Z11. We find that our measurements in the images convolved to a resolution consistent with the MOST image tend to systematically overestimate the 1.4GHz flux densities compared to M08, and underestimate the 2.3GHz flux densities compared to Z11. The issue at 2.3GHz arises from negative CLEAN bowls around sources in the original image. These artifacts give rise, after convolution, to our observed systematic decrease in flux density. The 2.3GHz beam size ($33''\\times20''$) is close to that of our MOST images ($62''\\times\\,43''$), and the bulk of the sources are unresolved, meaning that there is likely to be little flux missed on extended scales. Consequently, we choose to use the flux densities estimated by Z11 in the original 2.3GHz image for our spectral index estimates. At 1.4GHz, the difference in resolution from the MOST image is sufficient that we need to use the flux densities from the convolved image. The flux density overestimate compared to M08, which is limited to the fainter sources ($S_{843}<10$mJy), is typically of the order of 10%. This exists for clearly unresolved sources, which should be identical before and after convolution. This issue is associated with side-lobes from the radio sources in each individual telescope pointing, below the level to which the image has been CLEANed, being summed in the convolved image. While this is a small effect, with a minimal impact on our derived spectral indices (quantified below), we can make an empirical correction that minimizes any impact further still. This is implemented through a least-squares fit of our convolved flux densities against those of M08, and scaling our convolved flux densities using this fit to be consistent with those of M08. This accounts for the flux-density dependence of the imaging systematics while retaining contributions from any real extended flux components, and at the same time, minimizing any possible overestimate of the flux density. This correction typically results in a change of only $\\alpha_{fit}\\sim0.02$. The impact on our derived two-point spectral index estimates of potential remaining flux density uncertainties at 1.4 and 2.3GHz of $\\sim10\\%$ is $\\sim$0.1. This uncertainty is included in our estimates of spectral index errors below, by being added in quadrature with the flux density errors (given by Equation \\[eq:error\\]). ### Blended sources Another effect of the convolution is that most objects classified as radio doubles, triples, or core-jet morphology by M08, appear as one MOST object (single or blended). Only two core-jet morphology sources appear slightly elongated in the direction of the jet in the MOST and convolved 1.4 and 2.3GHz images. Due to the lower resolution of the MOST image, there are 61 instances where there are ATLAS sources within the beam for a MOST radio source. These 61 MOST sources correspond to a total of 144 ATLAS M08 1.4GHz sources. Of the 61, 30 sources were classified as blended by Z11 due to having multiple 1.4GHz sources within the 2.3GHz beam ($33''\\times20''$). The remaining 31 are classified as blended in this paper due to multiple 1.4 or 2.3GHz sources within the MOST beam. The cross-matched 1.4GHz ATLAS source (positionally closest to the MOST radio position) is generally bright while the second, blended, source contributing to the flux density is typically much fainter ($S_{1.4}<1$mJy). As a consequence, the majority of such blended sources are likely to have little contribution to the MOST flux density from the secondary component, and the spectral index estimate for the blended sources can be considered as that for the primary ATLAS counterpart, even though the uncertainties on this estimate will clearly be larger than the formal uncertainties provided in our catalogue. Blended sources are flagged in the catalogue. For blended sources in our convolved images, which were not classified as blended sources by Z11, the flux densities from separate sources in the ATLAS Z11 catalogue are summed. A source is defined as being part of a blended object if the 1.4GHz radio position lay within an ellipse the size of the Gaussian used to find the total flux density in the convolved image. An example of a blended source is shown in Figure \\[fig:complex\\] where the cross-matched ATLAS counterpart is in the centre of the MOST source, and the blended object is within the MOST synthesized beam. There is one exception to this, shown in Figure \\[fig:complex1\\], where the blended object is outside the Gaussian fit, but the radio emission clearly extends from S120 into S107. ![An example of a blended source. The contours are from the convolved 1.4GHz image (at levels of 5, 10 and 20mJy), and the greyscale is the 843MHz image. The white crosses indicate the 1.4GHz radio position of the two sources, where the object in the centre of the image is the MOST cross-matched source, and the blended object indicated by the other cross. \\[fig:complex\\]](f4.eps)   The MOST ATLAS source Catalogue {#sec:catalogue} =============================== The total catalogue consists of 325 MOST sources, limited to sources above the 5$\\sigma$ cutoff of 3mJy, of which 166 have an ATLAS 1.4 or 2.3GHz counterpart. The remaining 159 sources are outside the ATLAS survey area. In total, there are 310 ATLAS sources in our catalogue, with 205 classified as blended sources. The remaining 105 ATLAS sources correspond to single MOST sources. An extract of the catalogue in shown in Table \\[table:catalogue\\], and the full version is available online. The MOST radio position is listed first, followed by the flux density and error at 843MHz. For MOST sources with a single ATLAS counterpart, the ATLAS source name (e.g. ATELAIS J002905.22$-$433403.9), and ID (e.g. S100) is listed; for blended sources the given ATLAS IDs correspond to all Z11 sources cross-matched to the MOST source, and the ATLAS source name corresponds to the first ATLAS ID listed. All ATLAS source names and IDs are from M08. The corrected convolved 1.4GHz and Z11 2.3GHz flux density measurements and associated errors are given, along with the three spectral indices (described in §\\[sec:specs\\] below). Results and Analysis {#sec:results} ==================== Flux Density Distribution {#sec:fluxdist} ------------------------- The flux density distributions (Figure \\[fig:fluxes\\]) do not show any major differences between the single, blended, and non-ATLAS sources. The location of the median of the entire catalogue is shown in Figure \\[fig:fluxes\\]a. The distributions appear consistent with other faint radio samples, such as the original ATLAS catalogues [@ray; @Middelberg08]. ![Distribution of $\\alpha_{fit}$ for our catalogue. \\[fig:alphahisto\\]](f8.eps) The Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey [SUMSS; @bock; @SUMSS2] is an 843MHz survey with MOST, that covers the sky south of $\\delta<-30^{\\circ}$ with $|\\textit{b}|>10^{\\circ}$. SUMSS has similar resolution and sensitivity to the National Radio Astronomy Observatories (NRAO) Very Large Array (VLA) Sky Survey [NVSS; @NVSS]. SUMSS contains 211063 radio sources, with an rms of $\\sim1$mJy. Our observations probe sources fainter than SUMSS by a factor of $\\sim2$. Of our catalogue, 178 sources are cross-matched to SUMSS sources. Only one source in SUMSS does not have a counterpart in our observations, as it is located directly on an artifact in our image. Our measured flux densities, positions, and radio differential source counts (see §\\[sec:srccnts\\] for details) are consistent with those of SUMSS, with only two outliers, likely due to intrinsic source variability. It is known that a few percent of mJy radio sources are variable on the timescale of years [@oort]. Attributing our outliers to variability is consistent with this work, as our data was taken over several years. Spectral Index Distributions and Properties {#sec:specs} ------------------------------------------- We have calculated spectral indices for all sources for which flux densities are available at two or three frequencies. $\\alpha_{fit}$ is a three-point power-law fit, and $\\alpha^{1.4}_{0.843}$ and $\\alpha^{2.3}_{1.4}$ are two-point power-law fits for the respective frequencies. Distributions of these spectral indices are given in Figures \\[fig:alphaflux\\] and \\[fig:alphahisto\\]. Spectral index $\\alpha^{1.4}_{0.843}$ versus spectral index $\\alpha^{2.3}_{1.4}$ is also shown in Figure \\[fig:specspec\\], which indicates that most of our sources are steep-spectrum, with a small fraction of inverted, peaked, and flat spectrum objects, discussed further below. A large proportion of steep-spectrum sources are seen because of the low radio frequency selection, and steep spectrum sources are brighter at lower frequencies. The median spectral index $\\alpha_{fit}$ for the single sources is shown on each of the panels in Figure \\[fig:alphaflux\\]. Only single sources are included in this calculation. The spectral index limits are shown in Figure \\[fig:alphaflux\\]b,c arising from the limiting flux density of the least-sensitive frequency in the relevant two-point spectral index calculation. Although the three-point spectral index [|ccccccccccccccc|]{} 0:28:45.438&$-$42:51:39.46&15.12&1.5&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:28:54.063&$-$43:12:18.30&6.80&1.8&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:28:56.980&$-$42:18:15.37&40.52&3.2&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:29:05.054&$-$43:34:07.05&11.34&1.3&ATELAIS J002905.22$-$433403.9&S749&p&9.01&1.16&5.11&0.34&$-$0.81&0.06&$-$0.45&$-$1.14\\ 0:29:05.968&$-$44:42:00.59&14.18&1.6&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:29:09.167&$-$43:44:02.10&11.13&1.3&ATELAIS J002909.26$-$434356.3&S617&p&12.52&1.27&4.63&0.27&$-$0.93&0.09&0.23&$-$2.00\\ 0:29:13.163&$-$44:52:23.32&5.33&1.4&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:29:15.437&$-$43:26:36.78&9.51&1.3&ATELAIS J002915.52$-$432638.3&S868&p&5.45&1.10&3.56&0.25&$-$0.97&0.03&$-$1.10&$-$0.86\\ 0:29:21.471&$-$42:55:45.26&44.87&2.6&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:29:25.667&$-$44:08:25.68&15.37&1.8&ATELAIS J002925.66$-$440822.8&S293, S304&b&9.12&1.13&3.51&0.35&$-$1.49&0.06&$-$1.03&$-$1.92\\ 0:29:27.845&$-$43:16:15.59&6.61&1.2&ATELAIS J002927.69$-$431614.4&S1014&p&3.85&1.16&2.03&0.18&$-$1.18&0.01&$-$1.06&$-$1.29\\ 0:29:36.620&$-$42:25:41.20&64.07&8.4&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:29:37.206&$-$42:34:18.69&5.05&1.4&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:29:38.084&$-$44:23:21.78&42.38&2.7&ATELAIS J002939.19$-$442319.3&S100, S101.1&b&34.1&2.29&18.82&1.88&$-$0.74&0.06&$-$0.43&$-$1.20\\ 0:29:43.820&$-$42:37:47.77&17.83&1.7&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:29:45.687&$-$43:21:50.03&24.18&1.6&ATELAIS J002945.64$-$432149.5&S943&p&16.25&1.41&10&0.52&$-$0.87&0.06&$-$0.78&$-$0.98\\ 0:29:46.493&$-$43:15:57.34&41.67&2.4&ATELAIS J002946.52$-$431554.5&S1018&p&27.89&1.78&18.49&0.94&$-$0.81&0.05&$-$0.79&$-$0.83\\ 0:29:47.622&$-$44:16:15.59&6.62&1.1&ATELAIS J002947.37$-$441607.0&S181&p&3.90&1.65&1.75&0.15&$-$1.33&0.01&$-$1.04&$-$1.62\\ 0:29:50.398&$-$44:05:48.45&7.16&1.1&ATELAIS J002949.89$-$440541.4&S345, S342, S339&b&5.26&1.07&5.13&0.51&$-$0.31&0.03&$-$0.61&$-$0.05\\ 0:29:51.452&$-$43:45:28.25&8.23&1.3&ATELAIS J002951.48$-$434528.0&S598&p&4.93&1.13&3.23&0.18&$-$0.93&0.02&$-$1.01&$-$0.85\\ 0:29:53.062&$-$42:50:17.87&5.16&2.0&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:30:03.253&$-$42:18:22.97&20.81&8.4&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:30:04.749&$-$42:09:58.88&19.10&5.9&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:30:10.595&$-$44:09:12.06&6.49&1.1&ATELAIS J003010.82$-$440907.3&S288&p&7.60&0.72&8.96&0.46&0.32&0.04&0.31&0.33\\ 0:30:17.439&$-$42:24:47.35&436.20&22.4&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:30:18.530&$-$45:26:42.05&12.79&2.5&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:30:18.793&$-$44:04:35.34&13.70&1.2&ATELAIS J003019.22$-$440438.3&S355&p&9.83&0.78&5.57&0.23&$-$0.89&0.08&$-$0.65&$-$1.14\\ 0:30:20.948&$-$43:39:44.51&69.27&3.7&ATELAIS J003020.95$-$433942.8&S694&p&51.99&2.55&33.92&1.7&$-$0.66&0.04&$-$0.57&$-$0.86\\ 0:30:21.663&$-$45:05:09.55&16.15&3.3&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:30:22.709&$-$42:37:02.29&14.25&2.4&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:30:27.017&$-$42:35:14.14&7.34&3.1&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:30:29.096&$-$42:13:50.96&18.19&6.2&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:30:34.835&$-$45:29:47.20&15.73&4.1&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:30:35.339&$-$44:37:11.21&3.69&1.1&ATELAIS J003035.77$-$443707.2&S18, S19&b&6.53&3.21&2.07&0.21&$-$0.68&0.01&1.13&$-$2.31\\ 0:30:35.937&$-$43:23:39.75&8.95&3.1&ATELAIS J003035.03$-$432341.6&S926, S923, S930, S930.1&b&5.03&0.62&4.76&0.48&$-$0.32&0.02&$-$1.14&$-$0.11\\ 0:30:38.957&$-$44:09:56.34&3.95&0.9&ATELAIS J003039.03$-$441000.0&S279&p&3.04&0.62&1.23&0.13&$-$1.29&0.01&$-$0.52&$-$1.82\\ 0:30:39.015&$-$45:07:07.04&33.29&2.7&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...&...\\ 0:30:39.621&$-$44:42:01.21&28.43&1.9&ATELAIS J003039.68$-$444159.5&S7&p&26.00&3.44&17.02&0.95&$-$0.49&0.05&$-$0.18&$-$0.85\\ 0:30:40.860&$-$43:23:40.55&11.17&2.4&ATELAIS J003042.10$-$432335.4&S923, S930, S930.1&b&6.02&0.64&5.47&0.55&$-$0.53&0.03&$-$1.22&$-$0.19\\ 0:30:42.041&$-$43:18:42.39&4.52&1.0&ATELAIS J003041.88$-$431840.7&S987&p&3.26&0.61&2.12&0.13&$-$0.77&0.01&$-$0.64&$-$0.87\\ \\ <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Notes.</span>– $\\alpha_{fit}$ is the spectral index fitted across the three flux density measurements at 0.843, 1.4 and 2.3GHz. Type (Column 7) refers to whether the source is a single point source (p) at all frequencies, or a blended source (b).\\ $\\alpha_{\\rm fit}$ is shown in the figure, the limit associated with the two-point spectral index calculation provides a clear indication of where we are selection-limited against particularly steep or flat spectrum sources. Distributions of $\\alpha^{1.4}_{0.843}$, split into three flux density bins are also shown in Figure \\[fig:fluxbins\\], analogous to Figure 8 of @SUMSS2. A flattening of the spectral index $\\alpha^{1.4}_{0.843}$ is suggested by Figure \\[fig:fluxbins\\]; however this is primarily due to different numbers of sources in each flux density bin. This is further discussed in §\\[sec:specflux\\]. Radio spectral classifications ------------------------------ Figure \\[fig:specspec\\] shows our sample of sources, in a radio colour-colour diagram [@kesteven; @at20gcat], that we now consider in four classes: 1. Steep-spectrum objects, with a steep radio spectrum from 843MHz to 2.3GHz (the lower-left quadrant of Figure \\[fig:specspec\\]), 2. Peaked sources, where we see the radio spectrum turn over between 843MHz and 2.3GHz (the lower-right quadrant of Figure \\[fig:specspec\\]), 3. Inverted (or rising) sources, where the radio flux density increases with increasing frequency (the upper-right quadrant of Figure \\[fig:specspec\\]), and, 4. Upturn sources, that have an upturn in their radio spectrum (the upper-left quadrant of Figure \\[fig:specspec\\]). This distribution highlights the fact that our sample is dominated by steep-spectrum sources. The statistics are given in Table \\[table:class\\], split into single and blended sources, noting that any statistics from the blended sources are not reliable. In comparison, the Australia Telescope 20 GHz Survey [AT20G; @at20gcat], a high-frequency-selected sample (20GHz), produced a colour-colour plot contained 3763 sources, with 14% inverted (rising) spectrum sources, 57% steep-spectrum objects, 21% peaked spectrum sources, and 8% sources with an upturn in their spectra. As indicated by Table \\[table:class\\], 8% of our MOST ATLAS sample appear to be possible Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) sources (see §\\[sec:CSS\\] for a description). @Review suggest that $\\sim10$% of bright radio sources are GPS sources, whereas @randall found less than 1% of their sample to be GPS sources. Although both these samples are not complete, it is interesting to note that at faint radio fluxes, the proportion of GPS sources appears to be similar to the bright sample of @Review rather than the unbiased bright sample of @randall. This sample of sources will be explored further in a future paper, @randall1. Interestingly, there is one very steep spectrum single source, S1256, which has $\\alpha^{1.4}_{0.843}=-2.92$, that is not detected in the 2.3GHz image. This object is discussed in more detail in §\\[sec:s1256\\]. ![Spectral index $\\alpha^{2.3}_{1.4}$ versus $\\alpha^{1.4}_{0.843}$ for MOST ATLAS sources. The black symbols in each outer corner of the plot represent the type of source in each quadrant of the plot, e.g. steep, inverted, peaked or upturn. \\[fig:specspec\\]](f9.eps) ![Distribution of $\\alpha^{1.4}_{0.843}$, in three flux density bins, 0-10mJy (a), 10-20mJy (b), and $>20$mJy (c). The solid vertical lines are the median spectral index $\\alpha^{1.4}_{0.843}$ for each flux density bin for the single sources only. \\[fig:fluxbins\\]](f10.eps) ---------------- -------- --------- --------- ------------ Type Total Point Blended Percentage Number Sources Sources Steep-Spectrum 143 89 54 86% Inverted 3 2 1 2% Peaked 12 8 4 8% Upturn 6 4 2 4% ---------------- -------- --------- --------- ------------ : Spectral Classifications[]{data-label="table:class"} <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Notes.</span>– The percentages of each source are only for the single or point sources.\\ Spectral index as a function of flux density {#sec:specflux} -------------------------------------------- We have investigated the properties of our sample with flux density. Figure \\[fig:medians\\] shows median spectral index as a function of flux density, both for our sample (Figure \\[fig:medians\\]a), and for a compilation of samples from the literature along with ours (Figure \\[fig:medians\\]b). While the uncertainties are large, there is evidence for a mild trend toward a flatter spectral indices with decreasing flux density (Figure \\[fig:medians\\]a). Figure \\[fig:medians\\]b shows the comparison of our median spectral indices with @windhorst [@prandoni4; @ibar], and @owen1. Our data is in general consistent with these previous results, and so we cannot rule out the possibility that there is a flattening of the median spectral index with decreasing flux density. We note that the very steep median spectral index in the faintest flux density bin of many surveys is a consequence of the flux density limits preventing the detection of flatter spectral indices close to the survey limits. -------------------- ------------------------ ----------- ------------ ----------- ----------- Range in $S_{843}$ Median Mean Flux Number 25$^{th}$ 75$^{th}$ or $S_{1.4}$ (mJy) $\\alpha^{1.4}_{0.843}$ (mJy) of sources perc. perc. $S_{1.4}$ 0.81-3.7 $-$1.134 2.50 21 $-$1.390 $-$0.676 3.7-6.4 $-$0.717 4.89 21 $-$1.016 $-$0.355 6.4-9.8 $-$0.533 7.68 22 $-$0.876 $-$0.275 13.5-26 $-$0.584 13.65 21 $-$0.769 $-$0.332 26-95.4 $-$0.775 36.21 20 $-$0.945 $-$0.656 $S_{0.843}$ 3.3-4.52 $-$0.818 4.04 18 $-$1.273 $-$0.825 4.52-6.7 $-$0.488 5.54 18 $-$1.203 $-$0.733 6.7-11 $-$0.676 8.76 17 $-$1.210 $-$0.817 11-15 $-$0.671 12.68 18 $-$1.045 $-$0.795 15-35 $-$0.687 22.71 18 $-$0.872 $-$0.575 35-204 $-$0.921 62.42 16 $-$0.930 $-$0.741 -------------------- ------------------------ ----------- ------------ ----------- ----------- : Median Spectral Index $\\alpha^{1.4}_{0.843}$ Statistics as a function of flux density[]{data-label="table:medians"} <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Notes.</span>– Errors on the median spectral indices are calculated from the 25th and 75th percentile. The mean flux densities are calculated as the mean of the flux densities of all the sources in each bin.\\ Radio Source Counts {#sec:srccnts} ------------------- The differential radio source counts for our 843MHz data are presented in Table \\[table:mostsc\\]. A weighting factor has been applied to the source counts to correct for incompleteness due to the noise level increasing at the edges of the field [see @srccnts]. We do not apply a resolution correction, as the MOST has a large beam, and has a high sensitivity to extended diffuse radio emission [@bock; @SUMSS2]. The differential source counts are shown in Figure \\[fig:sourcecounts\\], with the SUMSS [@SUMSS2] differential source counts, and a compilation of 1.4GHz differential source counts [@phoenix] as a reference sample. Our data probes the 843MHz source counts a factor of 2 fainter than SUMSS, but we still clearly underestimate the counts in our faintest flux density bin, due to incompleteness.  The reference differential source count sample at 1.4GHz from @phoenix has been shifted to 843MHz assuming an average spectral index value. We have determined that $\\alpha=-0.5$ is the appropriate value to use for the average spectral index, using the Kellermann correction, discussed in further detail here. ### The Kellermann Correction {#sec:kell} @kellermann noted that any observed spectral index distribution is not independent of the observing frequency. The correction accounts for the relationship between observed spectral index distributions at different frequencies. At higher radio frequencies, we tend to see more flat spectrum objects as proportionally more sources are above the flux limit. In contrast, as we move to lower radio frequencies, we tend to see more steep spectrum objects because they are brighter at the lower radio frequencies. The correction stated in the Appendix of @kellermann describes the offset between mean values of spectral indices at different frequencies. We use Equation A5 of @kellermann, where we assume we have two distributions of spectral indices ($P(\\alpha)$ and $Q(\\alpha)$), at two different frequencies, $\\nu_{1}$ and $\\nu_{2}$ respectively. Also required is $x$, the slope of the number-flux power-law $N(>S)=k\\,S^{x}$ [@longair], where $k$ is a constant scaling factor, and $N$ represents the number of sources above a given flux density, $S$. $$Q(\\alpha)=A(\\frac{\\nu_{2}}{\\nu_{1}})^{-\\alpha\\,x}P(\\alpha), \\label{eq:kell}$$ $$\\int^{\\infty}_{-\\infty}Q(\\alpha)d\\alpha=1. \\label{eq:kell1}$$ $P(\\alpha)$ is the known distribution of spectral indices at one frequency and $Q(\\alpha)$ is the distribution of spectral indices we wish to infer, given by Equation \\[eq:kell\\]. Following @kellermann we assume the special case where these two distributions are Gaussian (a reasonable assumption given the shapes of the distributions in Figures \\[fig:alphahisto\\] and \\[fig:fluxbins\\]), and have the same dispersion $\\sigma$, and A is chosen such that Equation A6 of @kellermann (Equation \\[eq:kell1\\]) is satisfied. This special case scenario results in the mean value of the inferred spectral index distribution ($Q(\\alpha)$) being shifted by a factor of $x\\sigma^{2}$ln$(\\nu_{1}/\\nu_{2})$. For our sample, to shift the distribution of the 1.4GHz source count compilation to 843MHz, we used $\\alpha^{1.4}_{0.843}$ to determine the value of the Kellermann correction for only the single sources. The dispersion was found to be $\\sigma=0.56$ and $x=-1.60$, resulting in a Kellermann correction of 0.25. This shift in the mean of the spectral index distribution from 843MHz to 1.4GHz is enough to account for the use of the $\\alpha\\sim-0.5$ to shift the 1.4GHz source counts to the 843MHz source counts, instead of the observed mean spectral index of our sample $\\alpha=-0.71$. -------------------- ------- ------------- ----------------------------- ----------------------- Range in $S_{843}$ *N* *$N_{eff}$* $\\langle\\,S_{843}\\,\\rangle$ $(dN/dS)/S^{-2.5}$ (mJy) (mJy) (Jy$^{1.5}$sr$^{-1}$) 3.31-5.81 45 21.58 4.38 4.29 5.81-8.31 45 34.87 6.95 21.90 8.31-10.81 44 41.63 9.48 56.83 10.81-15.81 51 50.02 13.07 76.29 15.81-25.81 48 47.54 20.20 107.61 25.81-45.81 42 42 34.38 179.70 45.81-100 33 33 67.68 283.27 -------------------- ------- ------------- ----------------------------- ----------------------- : Source Counts from the ATLAS ELAIS MOST Observations[]{data-label="table:mostsc"} \\ $N_{eff}$ is the effective number of sources in each bin, after the weighting factor has been applied. The mean flux density given is the geometric mean of the bin limits. ![The differential source counts for our data (circles), SUMSS (diamonds), and a 1.4GHz compilation of source counts (grey squares) shifted to 843MHz assuming a spectral index of $\\alpha=-0.5$, from Hopkins et al. 2003 as our reference sample. \\[fig:sourcecounts\\]](f12.eps) Faint CSS and GPS candidates sources in ATLAS {#sec:props} ============================================= Compact Steep Spectrum and Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum Sources {#sec:CSS} ------------------------------------------------------------ Gigahertz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) and Compact Steep Spectrum (CSS) sources [@young; @cfanti; @morganti] are a class of compact, powerful radio sources, suggested to be the beginning of the evolutionary path for large-scale radio sources. The proposed evolutionary path has GPS sources evolving into CSS sources, which then gradually evolve into Fanaroff-Riley Type I and II galaxies [@fr], depending on their initial luminosity. These sources offer an ideal resource to investigate galaxy evolution and formation, as well as AGN feedback, as they are young AGN, but also have star formation occurring due to interactions and mergers [@Review; @labiano; @morganti]. A more detailed discussion of their properties is given in @randall. If bright CSS sources do evolve into FRI/II’s [@fr], then some strong evolution must occur for this to happen [@evolution], as we do not see this high percentage of CSS and GPS sources in the local Universe. It is also possible that the supply mechanism of the energy powering these objects could cut off, leaving only diffuse emission and a steep spectrum core. This would result in faint objects whose radio lobes have ceased to expand or a prematurely dying radio source [@rfanti], explaining the lack of large numbers of these objects nearby. Bright CSS and GPS sources are common ($\\approx30\\%$ and $10\\%$ respectively) in radio surveys, but few faint samples exist. Previous surveys include @snell00 [@tschager; @kunert07; @fanti and references therein;], which catalogue CSS and GPS sources down to $\\sim20$mJy. If these objects are as prevalent at faint flux densities, a whole population of these objects remains mostly unknown [@faintgps; @faint]. Here we present an initial complete sample of faint CSS and GPS sources from ATLAS, to further our understanding of their role in galaxy formation and evolution. Understanding their properties across different wavelength regimes is important, as is studying samples across a wide range of flux densities, as this will help to build a complete picture of their properties and nature. We present here a brief overview of the selection and properties of the faint sample of candidate CSS and GPS sources selected from ATLAS. A new candidate sample of faint CSS sources {#sec:newfaint} ------------------------------------------- An initial sample of faint CSS sources has been selected from ATLAS (§\\[sec:atlas\\]), based upon spectral index information, and angular size. The initial sample is drawn from both ATLAS fields, CDFS and ELAIS, and only includes the 1.4 and 2.3GHz flux density measurements. CDFS was not observed by MOST, and we do not consider the ELAIS MOST observations in this discussion. Field ELAIS CDFS ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------- ----------- Criterion Selection Sources Sources Number Criterion Remaining Remaining 1 Unresolved in component catalogue 681 271 2 Not part of a radio double/triple/complex object or classified as a sidelobe 638 247 3 Apply spectral index cut of $\\alpha^{2.3}_{1.4}<-0.95$ for sample selection 78 8 3a Sources with spectral index between $-0.9>\\alpha^{2.3}_{1.4}>-0.95$ selected as supplementary sample 4 1 \\ <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Notes.</span>– Removal of radio doubles/triples/complex sources was done by cross-matching both the component, and source catalogues from CDFS and ELAIS, as the source catalogue lists what components comprise each source. The selection criteria listed in Table \\[table:selection\\] were utilized to first select a sample of unresolved, single objects from both the ELAIS and CDFS fields, before applying a spectral index cut. The number of sources remaining in each field after each criterion is also listed. We have chosen a primary spectral index cut of $\\alpha^{2.3}_{1.4}<-0.95$ with an additional supplementary set extending to $\\alpha^{2.3}_{1.4}<-0.9$, as the errors on the spectral indices are typically $\\sim0.2$. These values were chosen to avoid selecting any star forming galaxies (with typical synchrotron spectral indices of $\\alpha^{2.3}_{1.4}\\sim-0.7$), as at these low flux densities, star forming galaxies are a dominant part of the population [@windhorst85; @windhorst; @phoenix; @seymour]. In the ELAIS catalogue, there are 576 sources with a single 2.3GHz match (blended sources are not included in this analysis) out of 1276, and 399 of 726 in the CDFS. The primary reason for only half the sources having a 2.3GHz counterpart is the lack of equivalently deep 2.3GHz data across the two fields. The 2.3GHz data has lower resolution ($33''\\times20''$ and $54''\\times21''$ for ELAIS and CDFS respectively), and does not have the same sensitivity as the 1.4GHz data for both ELAIS and CDFS. The rms of the CDFS 2.3GHz data is $\\sim3$ times higher than the ELAIS 2.3GHz data. The initial selection criterion of being an unresolved component also removes 63% of the sources from CDFS, but only 47% from ELAIS. The percentage of sources remaining after the initial selection is small, with 86 sources and 5 supplementary sources, from a possible 975 ($\\sim10$%).  Of the 86 sources, only 5 are cross-matched to 843MHz sources, due to the relatively high flux limit of the 843MHz data. The relevant information from these sources is added into the sample catalogue, but is not used for any subsequent analysis below. In considering the spectral index selection, described in Table \\[table:selection\\], for each field, we note that the CDFS 1.4GHz flux densities were taken for the sources as observed, rather than after convolution to match the 2.3GHz resolution. This step has been omitted from the current analysis due to the small numbers of sources involved, and while the spectral index estimates for these few sources may be somewhat less robust than those in the ELAIS field, this does not have a significant impact on any of the results presented here. In the ELAIS field, we use the spectral indices measured between 2.3GHz and the Z11 1.4GHz flux densities (measured with the same resolution as the 2.3GHz image). If the source does not have a reliable convolved measured flux density, we use the M08 flux (this is only necessary for four sources). To robustly constrain the radio spectra of these sources, we need to explore both higher, and lower frequency data to confirm that our sources are truly steep-spectrum or peaked spectrum objects. We show the basic statistics of our sample in Table \\[table:means\\], and discuss initial results in §\\[sec:discussion\\]. The 1.4GHz flux density and spectral index distributions are presented in Figure \\[fig:fluxdist\\], with the median flux density and spectral index included as the solid black lines. The spectral index distribution of the entire ATLAS catalogue is also shown in Figure \\[fig:fluxdist\\]b to provide context for the initial CSS sample distribution. Note that the steep spectrum sources not identified as CSS are those that were rejected by criteria 1 or 2 in Table \\[table:selection\\]. The median of the CSS sample is $\\alpha^{2.3}_{1.4}=-1.48$, compared to $\\alpha^{2.3}_{1.4}=-0.84$ for the entire ATLAS catalogue.  Spectral Index Spectroscopic Redshift Photometric Redshift R magnitude 1.4GHz flux density 2.3GHz flux density -------- ---------------- ------------------------ ---------------------- ------------- --------------------- --------------------- -- -- Mean $-1.58$ 0.37 1.21 19.03 1.68 1.08 Median $-1.48$ 0.32 0.97 18.8 0.52 0.36 \\ Discussion {#sec:discussion} ========== Redshift and Luminosity Properties {#sec:lums} ---------------------------------- ATLAS has $\\sim$700 spectroscopic [@mao], and $\\sim$700 photometric [@rowan] redshifts for radio sources in the CDFS and ELAIS-S1 fields. The sources chosen for the spectroscopic targets were primarily the optically bright sources (80% complete at R magnitude $\\sim$20), that are mainly low redshift sources, although some quasars at higher redshift are also selected. For the 105 single sources in the MOST ATLAS catalogue, we found 20 spectroscopic redshifts and 9 photometric redshifts (no analysis is done on the blended sources). In the initial CSS sample of 91, 22 spectroscopic and 17 photometric redshifts were found. In Figure \\[fig:lumalpha\\] spectral index against redshift and 1.4GHz rest-frame luminosity are shown, for both the MOST ATLAS catalogue and the initial CSS sample. The grey box in Figure \\[fig:lumalpha\\]b indicates where SFGs would most likely be located, defined by the dividing line between AGN and SF luminosity of L$_{1.4}=\\sim10^{24.5}$WHz$^{-1}$, and a spectral index between $-0.9<\\alpha^{2.3}_{1.4}<-0.5$, typical for SFGs [@afonso]. This is a conservative upper limit on the star formation rate, assuming that the star formation rate implied from the radio emission is very high. The single inverted spectrum source with a spectroscopic redshift of $z=1.33$ is classified spectroscopically as a quasar, with broad emission lines. It has an unusual radio spectrum that appears to contain an upturn, with $\\alpha^{1.4}_{0.843}=-1.03$, and $\\alpha^{2.3}_{1.4}=1.18$, one of only 6 MOST ATLAS sources with an upturning radio spectrum. ![(a) Distribution of luminosities for our MOST ATLAS sources and (b) initial CSS sample, at 1.4GHz and 2.3GHz. \\[fig:lums\\]](f15.eps) The rest-frame 843MHz, 1.4GHz, and 2.3GHz luminosities were calculated for each source in the MOST ATLAS catalogue with a redshift (spectroscopic or photometric), and the 1.4 and 2.3GHz luminosities are shown in Figure \\[fig:lums\\]a. The rest-frame 1.4 and 2.3GHz luminosities were also calculated for the CSS sample, and are shown in Figure \\[fig:lums\\]b. The distribution of luminosities, in conjunction with their spectral index, is consistent with these sources being AGN, as expected. Although it appears in Figures \\[fig:lumalpha\\]b and \\[fig:lums\\]b that the CSS sample is on average a lower-luminosity sample, this is due to the flux limit of the 843MHz MOST data, that preferentially selects the higher-luminosity objects. However, as we only find 4 of these MOST ATLAS sources in our CSS candidate sample, we are selecting a low-luminosity sample of young AGN that is ideal for comparison to our bright sample [@randall]. The MOST ATLAS and initial CSS sample sources with a spectroscopic redshift have also been spectroscopically classified as AGN or SFGs [@mao]. Of the 22 MOST ATLAS sources with spectroscopic redshifts, 15 sources were classified as AGN, four were classified as SFGs and the remaining two sources were unclassified. Three of the SFG sources are discussed further in §\\[sec:interesting\\]. Within the CSS sample, 13 sources were classified as AGN, 5 as SFGs, and four were unclassified. The location of the CSS sample SFGs are shown on Figures \\[fig:rfir\\] and \\[fig:qplot\\] by thick black circles surrounding each source.  Radio-Far Infrared Correlation {#sec:rfirc} ------------------------------ The radio-far infrared correlation (RFIRC) is a well known tight correlation between the far and mid-infrared and radio emission from galaxies (primarily SFGs), first noted in the 1970s, and confirmed in later years [e.g. @dickey; @dejong]. @appleton confirmed the correlation holds to a redshift $z=1$, and it has been recently noted that the RFRIC does not evolve above this redshift, but remains relatively constant to a redshift of $z\\sim2$ [@frc]. We have utilized the data for both the ELAIS and CDFS field from ATLAS, to further investigate the properties of the sources detected in our MOST observations, and the initial CSS sample (Figure \\[fig:rfir\\]). The solid black line on Figure \\[fig:rfir\\] gives the relationship between radio and infrared flux at 24$\\mu$m from @appleton, where $q_{24}=log(S_{{24\\,\\mu}{m}}/S_{20\\,cm})=0.84$, and the dashed line is the line used by M08 to classify a source as unambiguously AGN (above the dashed line represented by $q_{{24\\,\\mu}{m}}<-0.16$) or a SFG, AGN or composite object (below the dashed line). Most of our 843MHz selected sources are AGN by the M08 classification. The MOST ATLAS sources which fall below this AGN line are further discussed in §\\[sec:interesting\\]. The initial CSS sample is also shown in Figure \\[fig:rfir\\]. While these are clearly low-luminosity AGN on the basis of their spectral indices (Figure \\[fig:lumalpha\\]b), they equally clearly fall predominantly in the region occupied by SFGs on the RFIRC. This is an interesting preliminary result which will be investigated further in a follow-up analysis [@randall1]. It may be possible that the radio spectral index is steep, betraying the presence of an AGN, but that the AGN contribution to the 1.4GHz flux density is small enough (or perhaps is balanced by an equivalent contribution from the AGN to the FIR) that the RFIRC is still obeyed. If this is the case, the location of the CSS sources close to the RFIRC may actually be a consequence of the 1.4GHz luminosity being dominated by star formation, and the host galaxy being a composite object. This would be consistent with earlier work suggesting that CSS sources are actively star forming [@Review; @labiano; @morganti; @holtb], and highlight this population as an ideal resource for exploring AGN feedback effects on star formation in galaxies. Only the use of radio discriminants (such as morphology or spectral index) will indicate whether the object hosts an AGN [@roy; @buriedagn]. In Figure \\[fig:qplot\\] the $q_{24}$ values are shown against redshift, with several different spectral energy distribution (SED) tracks from @elvis94 [@dev99], and @rieke09 overlaid. A suggested dividing line between AGN and SFGs from @seymour is also shown. The CSS sample here are again consistent with having their radio and FIR emission dominated by star formation as are the three nearby MOST ATLAS sources (as labelled in Figures \\[fig:rfir\\] and \\[fig:qplot\\]). The SED tracks near these objects include those for Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs), Ultra-Luminious Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs), Arp 220 and Mrk 273, two nearby ULIRGs that both host an AGN [@engel; @iwa11]. The three MOST ATLAS sources in the AGN-dominated region at the bottom of the figure, are likely AGN, and this is supported by the SED of the radio-loud quasar [@elvis94] closest to these AGN. Although the SED tracks do not extend to the lowest redshifts of our sample, four of the CSS sample are likely to be LIRGs or ULIRGs, similar to F00183$-$7111, a powerful ULRIG, that has strong radio emission from both an AGN and vigorous star forming activity [@foo], but less luminous in the radio. @foo have suggested that F00183-7111 is in the earliest phase of the formation of a quasar, where a “quasar-mode” AGN [@best06; @croton] is hosted by a star forming ULIRG, where the star formation is fueled by gas from a past major or minor merger event. Whilst the radio jets of F00183$-$7111 are currently confined by the host galaxy, when they break through this dense gas, the jets will begin the transition of this source into a typical radio-loud quasar, quenching the star formation at the same time [@foo]. These CSS sources will be further investigated in a future paper, @randall1. Unusual Sources {#sec:interesting} --------------- We have identified several interesting sources in our final MOST ATLAS catalogue, particularly those sources which lie close to the radio-far infrared correlation (and consequently are likely to host, or even be dominated by, star formation), and one possible ultra-steep spectrum object. ### Possible SFGs in ATLAS Of the four single sources that fall close to the RFIRC, three are disk or spiral-like galaxies based on their luminosity profiles in the 3.6$\\mu$m SWIRE images (labelled by name in Figures \\[fig:rfir\\], and \\[fig:qplot\\]), which suggests they may be SFGs. The fourth object appears as an elliptical, with no evidence of a disk or interaction, and was not further investigated. Figure \\[fig:s707\\] shows the SWIRE 3.6$\\mu$m images with the 1.4GHz radio contours overlaid, indicating the clear disk or spiral structure of these three galaxies. Of the three blended sources near the RFIRC, there is less evidence for disks or star-formation in the SWIRE data. For the two closest to the RFIRC (S259/S269 and S1235/S1228/S1230/S1243), the radio emission could possibly still be associated with star formation, but it is harder to constrain without clear evidence of a disk or spiral structure in the host galaxy. We briefly discuss S707, S897 and S1160 below. ### S707 (ATELAIS J003828.02-433847.2) {#sec:s707} S707 is a possible star-forming galaxy at a redshift of $z=0.048$, where the host galaxy has a disk structure, as evidenced by is luminosity profile as seen in Figure \\[fig:s707\\]a. The radio morphology of this object is a single point source at the centre of the SWIRE galaxy, suggesting the low-luminosity AGN in the centre of the galaxy is the primary source of the radio emission, rather than star formation in the disk. Nuclear star formation may also be possible, and the optical spectrum of this object suggests there is ongoing star formation. The radio source has an overall steep spectrum, $\\alpha_{fit}=-1.17$, although it is much flatter between 1.4 and 2.3GHz ($\\alpha^{2.3}_{1.4}=-0.45$), than 843MHz and 1.4GHz ($\\alpha^{1.4}_{0.843}=-1.66$), as expected from an AGN. S707 has a rest-frame luminosity of L$_{1.5}=3.85\\times10^{22}$WHz$^{-1}$, from the observed convolved 1.4GHz flux density, resulting in an upper limit on the star formation rate of $21M_{\\sun}$yr$^{-1}$ [assuming all the radio emission is from star formation; @sfr]. It also has $q_{{24\\,\\mu}{m}}=0.57$, suggesting a small fraction of the radio emission is from star formation, whilst the majority is from the AGN. Optically, this source has a similar morphology to the 3.6$\\mu$m galaxy, with magnitudes $B=15.8$, $V=15.2$ and $R=14.7$ from M08. ![$q_{24\\mu}$$_{m}$ as a function of redshift for the entire ATLAS catalogue, split into spectroscopic and photometric redshifts. The initial CSS sample is overlaid as the large red circles for those sources with spectroscopic redshifts, and blue squares for those with photometric redshifts. The MOST ATLAS sources with 24$\\mu$m detections are shown as the hollow triangles (sources with spectroscopic redshifts) or inverted hollow triangles (sources with photometric redshifts. The SED tracks describe several different models. The heavy dashed line represents an Arp220 type object [@dev99], the thin solid black line is a model for Mrk273 [@dev99], the regular dashed line is a radio-loud QSO [@elvis94], the dotted line is a LIRG model [@rieke09], and the dash-dotted line represents a ULIRG model [@rieke09]. The thick black line shows the dividing line between AGN and SFGs from @seymour. Objects with a thick black circle around the data point are from the CSS sample, and are those spectroscopically classified as SFGs. \\[fig:qplot\\]](f17.eps)  ### S896 (ATELAIS J003429.33-432614.4) {#sec:s896} S896 appears to be hosted by an edge-on disk galaxy, with some possible ongoing star formation that can be seen in Figure \\[fig:s707\\]b, at a redshift of $z=0.053$. Although the radio emission appears to be emitted primarily from the central object, there is most likely some contribution to the overall flux density from star formation in the disk, as the optical spectrum suggests there is some star formation ongoing. This object has a rest-frame luminosity of L$_{1.5}=1.92\\times10^{22}$WHz$^{-1}$, calculated from the observed convolved 1.4GHz flux density. This implies an upper limit on the star formation rate of $\\sim11M_{\\sun}$yr$^{-1}$, assuming all the radio emission is from star formation. However, it has an overall steep spectral index of $\\alpha_{fit}=-1.21$, which suggests that the source of the radio emission is a low-luminosity AGN. For this source $q_{{24\\mu}{m}}=0.87$, consistent with the idea that the radio emission is primarily from the AGN. ### S1160 (ATELAIS J003915.11-430428.5) {#sec:s1160} S1160 is hosted by a star-forming spiral galaxy, shown in Figure \\[fig:s707\\]c, at a redshift of $z=0.0135$ [@jones; @jones1]. The radio emission is clearly associated with star formation, as the radio contours trace the star formation in the spiral arms of this galaxy. However, the radio position of the source is offset from the galaxy centre, assigned as the location of the brightest peak in the complex radio structure (M08). The radio luminosity of this source is L$_{1.42}=4.60\\times10^{21}$WHz$^{-1}$ which results in an upper limit on the star formation rate of $2.5M_{\\sun}$yr$^{-1}$ (if all radio emission is due to star formation). The optical morphology of this galaxy is very similar to the SWIRE morphology, with a clear spiral structure. The optical host galaxy has magnitudes from the SuperCOSMOS Science Archive, although these magnitudes should be treated with caution, as it is a large, relatively nearby galaxy and measuring accurate magnitudes in an automated fashion for such sources is difficult due to their complex structure. The SuperCOSMOS magnitudes are $I=13.4$, $R=12.9$ and B$_{J}=7.9$. The optical spectrum is also indicative of star formation. S1160 is detected in all five of the SWIRE bands, with a $q_{24\\mu\\,m}=0.25$. This $q_{{24\\,\\mu}{m}}$ value is still consistent with the source being either a SFG or an AGN, and it most likely there is a non-negligible contribution to the radio emission from star formation in this source. The radio flux of this object is interesting, as it has a similar flux density between 843MHz and 1.4GHz (S$_{0.843}=12.7$mJy compared to S$_{1.4}=11.6$mJy or S$_{M08}=12.9$mJy), but drops rapidly away to S$_{2.3}=5.3$mJy. This gives a spectral index $\\alpha^{1.4}_{0.843}=-0.2$ and $\\alpha^{2.3}_{1.4}=-1.6$, with an overall spectral index of $\\alpha_{fit}=-1.03$. This spectral shape is more indicative of AGN activity, but given the radio morphology and the FIR constraints, the radio emission from this object is likely a combination of star formation and AGN activity. ### S1256 (ATELAIS J003053.26-425215.3): A candidate Ultra-Steep Spectrum source {#sec:s1256} High redshift radio galaxies are often found by identifying radio sources with steep or ultra steep radio spectra ($\\alpha < -1$), via the well-known $z$-$\\alpha$ relation [@debreuck04; @klamer; @ishwara and references therein;]. This trend was first noticed in the early 1980s, when it was found that the fraction of radio sources optically identified on optical plates tended to have the steepest radio spectra. S1256 is an isolated point source, with $S_{0.843}=4.38$mJy and $S_{1.4}=0.81$mJy, that is not detected in the 2.3GHz ATLAS image, with a spectral index $\\alpha^{1.4}_{0.843}=-3.33$. Following Z11, using the 3$\\sigma$ detection limit of 300$\\mu$Jy, an upper limit on the spectral index is found to be $\\alpha^{2.3}_{1.4}<-2.41$, which suggests that this source is possibly an ultra-steep spectrum source, and therefore at high redshift. Further radio imaging and flux density measurements would be necessary to confirm S1256 as an ultra-steep spectrum source. S1256 has no optical counterpart or confirmed redshift, but is detected in the SWIRE 3.6 and 4.5$\\mu$m bands. Its flux densities in these bands are low ($S_{3.6\\mu\\,m}=17.5\\,\\mu$Jy and $S_{4.5\\mu\\,m}=19.9\\,\\mu$Jy). The infrared morphology is point-like and is shown in Figure \\[fig:s1256\\]. Another possible cause of this steep spectrum is variability; where the radio source has faded away since the 1.4GHz observations were completed, and before the 2.3GHz observations began. Further observations would also be necessary to confirm whether variability is the cause of the ultra-steep radio spectrum. Conclusions {#sec:concl} =========== We have presented a new catalogue of 843MHz radio sources, cross-matched to ATLAS at 1.4 and 2.3GHz, and explored the properties of this catalogue with spectral index as a function of flux density. Our results do not support the hypothesis that there is a significant flattening of the spectral index with decreasing flux density values. However, we cannot rule out the possibility without further, deep radio data at different radio frequencies. Our analysis of the distribution of steep and flat spectrum sources with redshift, luminosity and infrared flux density indicates that most of the sources in our MOST ATLAS catalogue are AGN, inferred from the spectral index and infrared properties. An initial sample of faint CSS sources in ATLAS has also been selected, with their basic properties explored. We will explore the properties of the CSS sample and the MOST ATLAS selected GPS sources in depth in future work, and compare and contrast this faint sample to our bright sample [@randall]. The spectral index properties of ATLAS radio sources across a wide range of frequencies will also be explored in future work, with the aim of distinguishing between the proportions of the populations of low-luminosity, and/or core-dominated AGN and SFGs driving this effect. Acknowledgements {#acknowledgements .unnumbered} ================ We would also like to thank our referee, Rogier Windhorst, for his extensive and thorough comments on this paper. We thank the staff at Molonglo for completing the observations and Dick Hunstead for performing the initial data reduction process. We also thank Dick and Elaine Sadler for their input; their comments and help are greatly appreciated. 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Phys., 44, 729 Rowan-Robinson M., Lari C., Perez-Fournon I., et al., 2004, MNRAS, 351, 1290 Roy A. L., Norris R. P., Kesteven M. J., Troup E. R., Reynolds J. E., 1998, MNRAS, 301, 1019 Schlegel D. J., Finkbeiner D. P., Davis M., 1998, ApJ, 500, 525 Scoville N., et al., 2007, ApJS, 172, 1 Seymour N., et al., 2008, MNRAS, 386, 1695 Smol[č]{}i[ć]{} V., et al., 2008, ApJS, 177, 14 Snellen I. A. G., Schilizzi R. T., de Bruyn A. G., Miley G. K., Rengelink R. B., R[ö]{}ttgering H. J., Bremer M. N., 1998, A&AS, 131, 435 Snellen I. A. G., Schilizzi R. T., Miley G. K., Bremer M. N., R[ö]{}ttgering H. J. A., van Langevelde H. J., 1999, NewAR, 43, 675 Snellen I. A. G., Schilizzi R. T., van Langevelde H. J, 2000, MNRAS, 319, 429 Tschager, W., Schilizzi R. T., R[ö]{}ttgering H. J. A., Snellen I. A. G., Miley G. K., Perley R. A., 2003a, PASA, 20, 75 Tschager, W., Schilizzi R. T., R[ö]{}ttgering H. J. A., Snellen I. A. G., Miley G. K., Perley R. A., 2003b, A&A, 402, 171 Vaccari M., et al., 2005, MNRAS, 358, 397 Wilson W. E., et al., 2011, MNRAS, 416, 832 Windhorst R. A., Miley G. K., Owen F. N., Kron R. G., Koo D. C., 1985, ApJ, 289, 494 Windhorst R. A., Fomalont E. B., Partridge R. B., Lowenthal J. D., 1993, AJ, 405, 498 Zinn P-C., et al., in prep. Supporting Information {#supporting-information .unnumbered} ====================== An additional table of Supporting Information is available in the online version of this article.\\ **Table \\[table:catalogue\\].** The full version of the catalogue, containing all flux density information, ATLAS cross-IDs, optical magnitudes, SWIRE IDs and other relevant information.\\ Please note: Wiley-Blackwell are not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting material supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. \\[lastpage\\] [^1]: E-mail: krandall@physics.usyd.edu.au [^2]: Assuming $S_{\\nu}\\propto\\nu^{\\alpha}$, where S is the measured flux density and $\\nu$ is the observer’s frame frequency. [^3]: http://galex.stsci.edu/GR6/

Share this post Link to post Share on other sites What is happening with Dragon Ball FighterZ is normal for the fighting game scene. Fighting games are a niche market and DLC (even DLC announced months prior to launch) is generally accepted in the FGC to help support the genre. I think what gets most people is the short roster, however, what they don't understand is this isn't Tenkaichi or Xenoverse. Those games contribute their high roster to copy-paste development. AkySys is known for having small to medium rosters where each character is nearly entirely unique. They see the DLC characters and immediately believe they've been shorted on content when in reality having 15-30 completely unique characters isn't any less than having 100+ characters and only 15-30 unique styles between them. It's mostly a difference in whether or not content is "inflated". Dragon Ball FighterZ will be a competitive fighter for competitive players who have been waiting for a DB one. It will have some fun times for causal players but they're not necessarily the target audience. That's why serious fighting game stories tend to be shallow but feature high octane mechanics that require precision and timing. I have a feeling a lot of people are going to be upset when they learn button mashing and needless beam spamming won't win matches in this game. Some of them are about to learn what frame timing really is and it's going to be rough. Most of the complaining I see is from people that were expecting Xenoverse 2D. And I can understand their disappointment, DB games have been rehashes of the same basic engine for a while and their fans have grown accustom to it. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites It's a bit late to weigh in, but I wanted to get as much information as I could about the product before I really cast my opinion into the mix. On a personal level, FighterZ seems really disappointing so far. And not because of the limited roster, though that adds to it very slightly, or because of the Season Passes early announcement, but because of the actual gameplay. It's been stated quite a few times in here that the game plays like MvC with a Dragon Ball skin, and while most of the people saying so have cited it as a good thing, it just killed any interest I had in it when I actually got to play the demo. Add on the fact that the basic gameplay with each character doesn't really change (I know they have niches, unique ranges, certain times where certain moves are preferred, but in terms of combo execution), and I just don't feel like this has enough to make me buy the full game. I agree with @Majin Goo that this is going to be a serious fighting game, but even so far as serious fighting games go, this feels really bland, to me. Which is really sad, because it should be rife with personality. This isn't the 2D Dragon Ball fighter for me. That said, I'll probably get my own level of enjoyment from the game just watching the finals of high-tier tournaments. So many pretty explosions. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites As someone whose main game is Marvel and has been playing Versus games competitively for years, DBZF plays NOTHING like Marvel. As I keep saying, it is more akin to Guilty Gear than anything else. Also every character definitely feels different. Especially since the new additions to the roster. TETO but I honestly don't agree with that at all on a fundamental level. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites That's fair, and I'm not really trying to change anyone's feels here. If you're hyped, be hyped and I really hope you enjoy. But I really just can't get hyped, or interested, for the above reasons. Even if we move away from the MvC comparison and more towards Guilty Gear, it still just feels... Meh? idk, I had fun with GGXrd, and I just found myself really heavily bored by the FighterZ demo all the same. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites Yeah, the Closed Beta. Admittedly, we only had a limited number of characters, and it's definitely not signatory of the final product, but it's been about the only chance I've had to interact with the game beyond demos and hype. This said, I will actually submit that A18 was fun af to play. And Krillin was neat, as was Trunks' sword moves. But even with those few dissimilarities, it really doesn't hold up to the range I found in even the early Guilty Gear games (Ky is bae, ftr), and I just didn't really feel the game. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites I'm super excited about this game but the Xenoverse (Tenkaiichi) kids on the Facebook threads are pissing me off. This is the 2D fighting game I've been waiting well over a decade for and if one more goes off in a 10 page rant about there not being 200 characters and it will be a shit game for it I may have to find where some of these kids live and date their moms out of spite. Link to post Share on other sites Not really. I'm a classy guy and will treat the moms with absolute respect and no expectations. Just a nice night out away from her obviously bratty kid so she can get the break she absolutely deserves having to deal with such an entitled fart sniffer. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites So the first day of the non preorder open beta (Sunday) was a clusterfuck. Nothing would connect, no matches were working, and those that did usually dropped out. I literally had a lobby with me and one other local friend in it and no connections happened. Then at 3am somebody must have done something cause everything started working. I played for a couple of hours, slept till about 11, and when I got up within 5 minutes of turning my PS4 on I had a match. It stayed consistent until I stopped playing Sunday night. Now the graphics are gorgeous and the gameplay is fan-ducking-fastic. This is easily the most accessible , casual friendly fighter I have ever seen (which is a good thing) but there are definitely layers that better players will crack open and bust the game wide open. For every 5 games I won, maybe I lost 1, the quality of players was abysmal lol. Most people didn't know what they were doing, and just didn't block ANYTHING. But I did get some good matches with good people in. All in all it was fantastic, and they are adding another day to the beta at a TBA date before the release, which is next week. Hopefully they will be nice and make it this weekend, so that people have a chance to play SFV: Arcade Edition, which dropped today. What about you TT? Did anyone get to play? What did you love/hate? Sound off below! Share this post Link to post Share on other sites So the first day of the non preorder open beta (Sunday) was a clusterfuck. Nothing would connect, no matches were working, and those that did usually dropped out. I literally had a lobby with me and one other local friend in it and no connections happened. Then at 3am somebody must have done something cause everything started working. I played for a couple of hours, slept till about 11, and when I got up within 5 minutes of turning my PS4 on I had a match. It stayed consistent until I stopped playing Sunday night. Now the graphics are gorgeous and the gameplay is fan-ducking-fastic. This is easily the most accessible , casual friendly fighter I have ever seen (which is a good thing) but there are definitely layers that better players will crack open and bust the game wide open. For every 5 games I won, maybe I lost 1, the quality of players was abysmal lol. Most people didn't know what they were doing, and just didn't block ANYTHING. But I did get some good matches with good people in. All in all it was fantastic, and they are adding another day to the beta at a TBA date before the release, which is next week. Hopefully they will be nice and make it this weekend, so that people have a chance to play SFV: Arcade Edition, which dropped today. What about you TT? Did anyone get to play? What did you love/hate? Sound off below! I had plans to play but family bs screwed that for me. It's okay, I'll catch the next one. It is good to here a review from someone that actually knows what they're talking about. Most of the hate I've seen on mechanics have come from people that end up revealing that fighting games aren't their thing anyways... I can't understand the hate for Auto Combos, worst off, people acting like it's the first game with auto combos. In every game I've played that has an auto combo situation they have never been useful at high level competitive play. I could always tell when someone was using stylish mode on BB or didn't know manuals on KI. Once I realized that, the ass whooping was on. I think I remember reading someone didn't like it because they get ass stomped. Man... It's good to see casuals in the fighting game scene haven't changed. I missed the good old days of being called a cheater for blocking and parring attacks consistently. It's good to know that will be coming back with the accessibility of this game (Hint: I'm not a jerk, banter is part of the fun in Fighting Games). Share this post Link to post Share on other sites I got to play about 4 tutorials, though at the end of each one it kicked me out, so I did what any true hero would do and gave up. Saaaaaame. Watching gameplay online, the game seems absolutely awesome now that we've got a larger roster, with a lot of variety. But the demo just refusing to work killed a lot of hype for me, and by the time it was working, I had work. But I'm really happy to hear about other people having good experiences with it. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites No practice mode on the Beta? So I can learn the basic buttons? Out. Bailing ship. But... the tutorial... plus the Beta is specifically there for testing the servers. It's not there for players to enjoy the game but so the developers can try to take care of as many day one server issues as they can before day one. There is a practice mode in the full game. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites No practice mode on the Beta? So I can learn the basic buttons? Out. Bailing ship. There is a tutorial that teaches basic game mechanics. 11 hours ago, Majin Goo said: But... the tutorial... plus the Beta is specifically there for testing the servers. It's not there for players to enjoy the game but so the developers can try to take care of as many day one server issues as they can before day one. There is a practice mode in the full game. Yes and no. While, yes, one goal for a beta is to test the servers that isn't the only objective. It is to get people excited for the game, move pre orders and, second only to testing server strength, testing characters/general gameplay. There is a reason certain characters were omitted from this beta and that is because they collected enough data from them during the last one. They are watching to see what characters are used (and not used), how they are used, and what (if any) exploits are found, including in the general gameplay. Perfect example, as stated in my article, during the closed beta damage scaling was so damn high it almost wasn't worth using a super at the end of your combo. Now the scaling has been adjusted so using supers is worth it.

Q: JsonResult data return not displayed on a textbox but is displayed on a textarea A JsonResult is calling me back an anonymous type. I can use the alert function to check it is correctly received client side, but impossible to fill a textbox value with this result. While I can fill a textarea value, I tried to parse the result (the textbox are bound to my model view, to a float and a int data type, but I don't think its because of this type). This is my code : $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "/MyCalledFunction/?arg1=" + $("#FK_ARG").val(), datatype: "json", success: function(data) { if (data) { // my return result if an anymous type var price = data.price; var NbDefaultDaysNumber = data.NbDefaultDaysNumber; alert(price);// display the msgbox with '100' $("#MY_PRICE").html(price);// textbox type value -> failed $("#DEFAULT_DAYS").html(NbDefaultDaysNumber); // textbox type value -> failed $("#ANOTHER_AREA").html(NbDefaultDaysNumber);// text area property value... -> works } } }); public JsonResult MyCalledFunction(string arg1) { // some unintersting code... var myReturnJSon = new {price = 100, DEFAULT_DAYS = 10}; return Json(myReturnJSon); } Im sure it's a stupid question of binding with some text parameters somewhere. Any idea? A: For a textbox (by which I assume you mean an <input> with type="text", you should be using val() and not html() $("#DEFAULT_DAYS").val(NbDefaultDaysNumber);

Fredericktown, Ohio Fredericktown is a village in Knox County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,493 at the 2010 census. History Fredericktown was platted in 1807, and named after Frederick, Maryland, the native home of a first settler. Geography Fredericktown is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , of which is land and is water. The city is in the Fredericktown Community Fire District. Demographics 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 2,493 people, 1,050 households, and 691 families living in the village. The population density was . There were 1,133 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 98.0% White, 0.4% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population. There were 1,050 households of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.2% were non-families. 29.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.91. The median age in the village was 37.6 years. 25.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.9% were from 25 to 44; 24.6% were from 45 to 64; and 15.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 48.7% male and 51.3% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 2,428 people, 1,021 households, and 681 families living in the village. The population density was 1,719.3 people per square mile (664.9/km²). There were 1,103 housing units at an average density of 781.1 per square mile (302.0/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 98.64% White, 0.29% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.41% of the population. There were 1,021 households out of which 32.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 30.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.94. In the village, the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.6 males. The median income for a household in the village was $36,354, and the median income for a family was $45,345. Males had a median income of $34,028 versus $21,858 for females. The per capita income for the village was $19,138. About 5.7% of families and 7.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over. Arts and culture Fredericktown hosts the annual street fair called the 'Tomato Show', typically on the first weekend in September. Major events include the Baby Crawl Contest, Bathtub Races, Little Miss Tomato Contest, Pedal Tractor Pulls, five-mile run, and more. An event put on annually by the Fredericktown Parks and Recreation District at Community Park, is the Fourth of July festival. This event consists of children's rides, free swimming at Sockman Lake, a softball tournament and fireworks. Education Fredericktown Local Schools operates one elementary school, one middle school, and Fredericktown High School. Fredericktown has a public library, a branch of The Public Library of Mount Vernon & Knox County. Transportation Fredericktown is at the junction of State Routes 13 and 95, which travel north-south and east-west respectively. The nearest major airport is Port Columbus International Airport about 54 miles south, in Columbus. Notable people Webb C. Ball, jeweler, watchmaker, founder of BALL Watch Company Ollie Cline, college and professional football fullback Clarence Dill, served two terms in each house of Congress Georgia O'Ramey, Broadway actress and vaudevillian Luke Perry, actor References External links Fredericktown Community Portal Fredericktown Village Government Fredericktown Schools Fredericktown Community Fire District Fredericktown Historical Society Category:Villages in Knox County, Ohio Category:Villages in Ohio Category:1807 establishments in Ohio

News Police: Shell casings link Hernandez to murder Massachusetts police have found shell casings that could link Aaron Hernandez to the murder scene. Photo: Reuters/Mike George/Pool ATTLEBORO, Massachusetts (Reuters) – Massachusetts police have found shell casings that could link former National Football League player Aaron Hernandez to the site where a semi-pro football player was gunned down last month, according to court documents unsealed on Tuesday. Hernandez, 23, has been charged with the execution-style killing of Odin Lloyd, 27, and has lost his $41 million contract with the New England Patriots. He has pleaded not guilty to all charges, including five counts related to illegal firearms possession. Hernandez, a tight end with the Patriots, one of the league’s top franchises, had been a rising NFL star. The court documents included an autopsy showing that Lloyd was shot several times and that two projectiles consistent with .45 caliber ammunition were recovered from the area where his body was recovered. Police said they also found a matching spent shell casing that had been in a silver 2012 Nissan Altima rented by Hernandez. At an apartment Hernandez rented in Franklin, Massachusetts, police also discovered five boxes of .45 caliber cartridges, according to the documents. Prosecutors said Hernandez shot Lloyd after becoming upset with him days earlier at a Boston nightclub. Lloyd’s body was found June 17 in an industrial area near Hernandez’s house in North Attleboro, about 40 miles south of Boston. Two other men have been taken into custody in connection with the case. Ernest Wallace, who is suspected of being an “accessory after the fact,” turned himself in to police in Miramar, Florida, last month. Another man, Carlos Ortiz, was arrested in Connecticut on charges of being a fugitive from justice. Hernandez’s lawyer did not immediately respond to a request for comment. A manager at an Enterprise car rental outlet in North Attleboro told police Hernandez had rented a silver 2012 Nissan Altima along with another vehicle. When he returned it on June 18, there was damage to the driver’s side mirror and door, the documents said. EVIDENCE MOUNTS Investigators also found dirt on the tires and lower panels of the Nissan that was “similar in color and appearance” to the ground where Lloyd’s body was found, according to the documents. Lloyd’s fingerprints were also found in the car. An Enterprise manager who cleaned the Altima after it had been returned said she recovered a “bullet” from the car and threw it into a dumpster. A search of the dumpster turned up a spent .45 caliber cartridge casing, which tests showed matched the casings found near Lloyd’s body, the documents said. A .45 caliber firearm has not been found. The documents also revealed new details related to a black Chevy Suburban that Hernandez had rented and found in the yard at Lloyd’s Boston residence. Keys to the vehicle were found in Lloyd’s pocket. When investigators questioned Hernandez about the car, he became argumentative, the documents said. “We informed Mr. Hernandez that this was a death investigation,” a police affidavit said. “Mr. Hernandez did not ask officers whose death was being investigated. Mr. Hernandez’s demeanor did not indicate any concern for the death of any person.” Police have also recovered a semi-automatic rifle with an attached magazine containing 33 live rounds from a car parked in Hernandez’s garage, according to the documents. Hernandez did not have a valid or expired Massachusetts license to carry firearms, police said.

Canine preprorelaxin: nucleic acid sequence and localization within the canine placenta. Employing uteroplacental tissue at Day 35 of gestation, we determined the nucleic acid sequence of canine preprorelaxin using reverse transcription- and rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction. Canine preprorelaxin cDNA consisted of 534 base pairs encoding a protein of 177 amino acids with a signal peptide of 25 amino acids (aa), a B domain of 35 aa, a C domain of 93 aa, and an A domain of 24 aa. The putative receptor binding region in the N'-terminal part of the canine relaxin B domain GRDYVR contained two substitutions from the classical motif (E-->D and L-->Y). Canine preprorelaxin shared highest homology with porcine and equine preprorelaxin. Northern analysis revealed a 1-kilobase transcript present in total RNA of canine uteroplacental tissue but not of kidney tissue. Uteroplacental tissue from two bitches each at Days 30 and 35 of gestation were studied by in situ hybridization to localize relaxin mRNA. Immunohistochemistry for relaxin, cytokeratin, vimentin, and von Willebrand factor was performed on uteroplacental tissue at Day 30 of gestation. The basal cell layer at the core of the chorionic villi was devoid of relaxin mRNA and immunoreactive relaxin or vimentin but was immunopositive for cytokeratin and identified as cytotrophoblast cells. The cell layer surrounding the chorionic villi displayed specific hybridization signals for relaxin mRNA and immunoreactivity for relaxin and cytokeratin but not for vimentin, and was identified as syncytiotrophoblast. Those areas of the chorioallantoic tissue with most intense relaxin immunoreactivity were highly vascularized as demonstrated by immunoreactive von Willebrand factor expressed on vascular endothelium. The uterine glands and nonplacental uterine areas of the canine zonary girdle placenta were devoid of relaxin mRNA and relaxin. We conclude that the syncytiotrophoblast is the source of relaxin in the canine placenta.

TigerTails Radio doesn’t normally broadcast its E3 Podcast – keeping it as a download only thing for the loyal website visitors. However, this year they decided to stick a crappy webcam in the studio and broadcast the event via Hangout on Air. Sadly, it went to TK’s personal account and not the TTG account, but either way, the video is below. The final podcast will be available in better audio quality in the near future on the TigerTails Radio website. With E3 upon us, and both Sony and Microsoft having announced their new consoles, everyone is ramping up for a mass info dump at E3, and the epic arguments that will follow. Yet I think there is one question that will not be asked by the majority of gamers or news outlets: Do we need a new gaming console? I have to say, even when the rumours first started coming out from the various camps, I did not hear that question being asked. Everyone was speculating, which they still are, about what would be in both and what would they offer. Would the new guys coming, from Ouya and Steam, make an impact? What about Apple and the offerings from the “i” range? Of course, the idea of something new will always generate buzz and a sense of wanting. People would look at their old consoles and PC rigs, and then they would start saving for the new thing, as new is always better. Right? People are stupid. I looked at my consoles and wondered how the heck I would get through my back catalogue of cheap games that I have. That’s before looking at the games I will buy once they drop down in price, like Bioshock, which I will be adding to that list. I looked at my PC and wondered the same thing, although my PC is at least 5 years old so is now showing signs of age and need of update. Yet I was curious to see what new shiny would be offered and what, if anything, would be said that would make me answer the question of “do I need a new console?”. Sony started first with a good strong showing, pitching at the gamer and developer, and effectively apologising for everything they had done with the PS3. The specs were touted, nice PC specs, which would be outdated after 6 months of launch, but as a PC gamer that’s nothing new to me. We saw some lovely tech demos of graphic rendering, the social features of the share button, and streaming. The idea of downloads working behind scenes (finally) and even being able to start playing before the download has finished. These bits of news piqued my interest, as I really find the download and install process to be very tedious on PS3. Yet I’m not sure how many people will develop a game in that way, especially if it adds to the already lengthy developers cycle. Sony did come out and say the console would not always require a internet connection to play games etc. Yet I will assume that to use most of the functions that they touted, I would always need an internet connection. They showed some pretty games, most of which I really didn’t care about, but that is down to my own gaming preferences. The only thing I really want is Watch Dogs, which also is set for PC. The announcement show solidified the idea that this would be a games console, as have much of the adverts, and very little news other than that has been confirmed or released since. My issue, they did not answer the question of needing a new console for me. Yea, its nice having the streaming and video tools, it’s nice to have the background download. I don’t care about the controller with its move strip, and I am hoping to God they don’t make it look ribbed or curved or like a heat sink. Yet they did not give me enough of an answer to make me want to buy out of the gate. Granted, I don’t really do that too often, anyway, but I do if the pitch is right. Sony then went on to confirm details they announced, games being made with PS4 in mind. Yet little other info was mentioned. No confirmation on how the PSN will work, our IDs and achievements and if they would port over. No backwards compatibility was confirmed, although the option of Gaiki was proposed as a possible solution to that. Eventually, a month later than originally planned, Microsoft came out and spoke about their console, amidst many comments about the console being always online, and other “leaked” documentation. Microsoft’s offering is the Xbox One, which many people immediately labelled the Xbone. They announced similar specs to PS4, as well as similar ideas of game streaming and editing (game dependant) which was quickly passed over. The chosen distinction for the Xbox one is TV integration. You can plug in your cable box and have it sat on its own layer, and the switch between that and games, internet and other apps. Most of the pitch was for this to be your one device to go to for all entertainment. Microsoft also showed various partnerships and alliances with publishers like EA and Activision, which will lead to timed DLC exclusives, and other social features. Overall, the show was a completely different pitch to Sony, and set it apart as a machine that could also play games. A pitch that had been used by Sony for the PS3 at one point if I recall. For me, there wasn’t much again that I really cared about. The inter-layered features and app spark my interest, as it would mean I could switch between gaming and TV easily. Handy for when my wife wants to watch TV but I would like to jump back on once the program has stopped. Also, the snap to feature would be nice, especially if it wasn’t just Skype apps that you could do that with. Order food, check weather, check twitter. Skyping next to a big screen also has some possibilities. The Kinect 2.0 has some nice tech, which if used by developers properly could lead to some actually innovative games. Still nothing really answered the question of do I need a new console, though. After the show, the animals were let out and chaos ensued. Sony has at least learnt to hide those who know nothing away once the show ended. Microsoft just left them to it and created a confusing atmosphere that left the gaming community baying for blood. Granted, we have had a lot more information come out since then, and some questions have been answered. Still there are plenty of questions left to answer, and Sony has remained even more tight-lipped than Microsoft about the same issues. Even with the clarifications coming out, I still don’t have an answer to my question. The vocal majority of gamers will be championing PS4, as Microsoft is “clearly not understanding gamers” which I think is laughable as Sony has not yet clarified its stance on used games, authorising games and licenses, or anything about the PSN. Right now I am looking at pouring money into my PC, as I can get all the games I want to play on there. Of course I am using Steam, which is licensing games to me. There is an offline mode the service but will check the games are mine each time I log on. My PC requires internet, for most parts of my gaming experience as well as everything I do on there when not gaming. Plus I can record games and edit them, not to mention I use Google services… A lot. It frustrates me that the question of why we need new consoles -now- is not being answered, and that people are jumping up and down about everything except this, as we still have two perfectly good consoles that are still being developed for. In the latter years of every generation we see better games and ideas, so I see no reason to throw money at a new console. Frankly, I don’t think people will ask my question, because all they see is new and shiny. Whilst gamers will shout about DRM and corporations controlling what they can do, they will still use Steam, Google, Apple, and their ilk. They will still go out and buy both consoles. They will complain and moan about both… On their PCs, which they will pay money out on to keep on the technology curve and will outstrip both consoles after six months. Buying Xcom has brought into focus that I need a new PC, as my current one really won’t run Windows 7 well enough. So I won’t be spending money on the new consoles simply because I already have two perfectly good machines and a computer I need to upgrade. If you have any thoughts on this editorial, pop a comment on the site, Facebook or G+ page. Something we’ve done for a couple of years for TigerTails Radio has been hosting a gaming weekend, for people to pop down and join us in some good console games for a few hours. This year we’re doing a bit more of the same – only this time you don’t need to come down to the studio to join us! We shall be playing a host of PC and console games – OVER THE INTERWEBS – and you can join us from the comfort of your own home. Yey! Some of the games we’ll be playing online include: The Ship – PC (Played online over Steam) Minecraft – PC (Server URL to be provided nearer the time) Artiemus – PC (Server URL will be the same as the Minecraft server, but the port will be different, obviously) Super Street Fighter 4 Arcade Edition 2012 – PS3 (Endless Battle Mode) Mortal Kombat 9 (AKA Mortal Kombat 2011) – PS3 Plus many more. Feel free to suggest games you’d like to utterly thrash us at, and if possible we’ll add them to the list. The event is also listed on our Steam Group page, and that is where the password for The Ship will be (keeping the server password protected to stop random folk coming in and ruining our fun). The other server-related details will be listed here, and probably on our Facebook page for the event also. 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Q: Do I need to paint my Windows Forms User Controls? I have a custom control containing a mixture of custom and standard controls. When the control is made larger, I'm getting background coloured rectangles where the child control will be painted, before the paint of the child control completes. It's the same for both my custom controls and the standard ones. I thought that suspend layout was the way to avoid this, but it isn't working for me. I suspend layout for the container and all its controls while the resizing takes place. Do I need to override the paint method for the child controls? Surely that would mean new custom controls to replace all the standard ones, or do I need to override the paint method for the container? A: EDITED to correct information and reference One approach is to double buffer. People often set this style and assume it is working but you may not in fact get double buffering for various reasons. But true double buffering can have some negative consequences too. The following solution provide by Hans Passant will typically fix this sort of problem without causing some of the side effects of double buffering. label backgrond flicking on a WinForms user control has background image enabled By removing the WS_CLIPCHILDREN attribute the spaces the controls are supposed to occupy will be filled with background first which can reduce the artifacts you see waiting for the controls to be drawn Add the following code to your custom control: protected override CreateParams CreateParams { get { CreateParams parms = base.CreateParams; parms.Style &= ~0x02000000; // Turn off WS_CLIPCHILDREN return parms; } }

Q: sqlalchemy "incomplete format" problems I'm using sqlalchemy as a drop in replacement to MySQLdb, that means I'm using session.execute rather than using mappers. However I've run into a reproducible error, namely an ValueError: "incomplete format" exception wherever I use "%" in a query, this is a problem since the "%" character is necessary for date formatting of UNIX_TIMESTAMP and the LIKE statement in MySQL. I have tried using "\\%", "\\\\%" and "%%" without luck. A: In concrete case you can use the methods:contains(), startswith(), endswith() For illustrate how use it: session.query(Users).filter(User.full_name.startswith('Mr.%s' % first_name))) # => It is equivalent to requesting full_name LIKE 'Mr.user1%' session.query(Users).filter(User.full_name.endswith('%s.' % last_name))) # => It is equivalent to requesting full_name LIKE '%user1.' session.query(Users).filter(User.full_name.contains('%s' % middle_name))) # => It is equivalent to requesting full_name LIKE '%user1%'

Q: PIC16F88 - compare ADC results with a constant value I am trying to write my first program in assembler for PIC16F886. The program is supposed to do the following: Read ADC value on channel AN0 If the value is smaller than 128 - turn LED off Otherwise - turn LED on The schematic is rather simple: And here is my assembly code. list p=16f886 ; list directive to define processor #include <p16f886.inc> ; processor specific variable definitions __CONFIG _CONFIG1, _LVP_OFF & _FCMEN_ON & _IESO_OFF & _BOR_OFF & _CPD_OFF & _CP_OFF & _MCLRE_ON & _PWRTE_ON & _WDT_OFF & _INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT __CONFIG _CONFIG2, _WRT_OFF & _BOR21V org 00 ;start at 0x00 VALUE EQU 0x80 ;value to compare adc results cblock 0x20 RESULTLO ;ADC 8-bit result endc port_config movlw b'11111110' ;set RB0 on PORTB to output movwf TRISB start bsf PORTB, 0 ;turn LED on adc_config BANKSEL ADCON1 movlw 0x00 ;left justify MOVWF ADCON1 ;Vdd and Vss as Vref BANKSEL TRISA ; BSF TRISA,0 ;Set RA0 to input BANKSEL ANSEL ; BSF ANSEL,0 ;Set RA0 to analog adc_sample BANKSEL ADCON0; MOVLW b'11000001' ;ADC Frc clock, MOVWF ADCON0 ;AN0, On BSF ADCON0,GO ;Start conversion BTFSC ADCON0,GO ;Is conversion done? GOTO $-1 ;No, test again BANKSEL ADRESH MOVF ADRESH,W ;Read lower 8 bits MOVWF RESULTLO ;Store in GPR space ; if RESULT <= VALUE movf RESULTLO,w addlw 255 - VALUE skpnc goto led_off ; if RESULT > VALUE movf VALUE,w addlw 255 - RESULTLO + 1 skpnc goto led_on ;loop goto adc_sample led_on bsf PORTB, 0 goto adc_sample led_off bcf PORTB, 0 goto adc_sample end I expect the led to turn on/off when I change the resistance of the pot but instead the led constantly stays on. Update: I suspect it has something to do with the way I compare RESULT and VALUE since I get the following warning during compilation: Argument out of range. Least significant bits used. Update: As I've mention in comments, the schematic is taken directly from Proteus. On the real device the controller is powered from 5V source, there should be a limiting resistor in series with a led (unless I drive the mcu from a smaller voltage) and nMCLR is tied to +5V through a 5k resistor. A: You are setting the ADFM bit in ADCON1, which, as your comments indicate, right justifies the result. This results in the bits being stored as follows: (ADRESH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 (ADRESL) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 10-bit ADC reading: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 You then read in the low 8-bits of the result, ADRESL. You never read in the high byte, ADRESH, containing the top two bits of the result. Thus you are throwing them away, which are the most signifcant (literally). When your pot reaches the mid-point, the top bit of the result changs, but you never see it. Instead, you want to left justify the result, by setting ADFM to 0, and read in just the top 8-bits (ADRESH). Your test for 128 is now valid. There is no harm in throwing away the lower 2 bits in ADRESL. (ADRESH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 (ADRESL) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 10-bit ADC reading: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 A: I have managed to fix my code eventually. It had the following problems: I have forgot to add a small delay for ADC to initialize properly PORTB was not initialized properly Comparison routine did no work as I expected list p=16f886 ; list directive to define processor #include <p16f886.inc> ; processor specific variable definitions __CONFIG _CONFIG1, _LVP_OFF & _FCMEN_ON & _IESO_OFF & _BOR_OFF & _CPD_OFF & _CP_OFF & _MCLRE_ON & _PWRTE_ON & _WDT_OFF & _INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT __CONFIG _CONFIG2, _WRT_OFF & _BOR21V org 00 ;start at 0x00 VALUE EQU 0x80 cblock 0x20 RESULTHI ;ADC 8-bit result endc port_config bsf STATUS,RP0 ;select Registers at Bank 1 movlw b'11111111' ;set PORTA to input movwf TRISA movlw b'11111110' ;set RB0 on PORTB to output movwf TRISB bcf STATUS,RP0 ;select Registers at Bank 0 start bsf PORTB, 0 ;turn LED on adc_config BANKSEL ADCON1 movlw 0x00 ;left justify MOVWF ADCON1 ;Vdd and Vss as Vref BANKSEL TRISA ; BSF TRISA,0 ;Set RA0 to input BANKSEL ANSEL ; BSF ANSEL,0 ;Set RA0 to analog BANKSEL ADCON0; MOVLW b'11000001' ;ADC Frc clock, MOVWF ADCON0 ;AN0, On call delay ;Allow some time to settle CLRF ADRESH adc_sample BSF ADCON0,GO ;Start conversion BTFSC ADCON0, GO ;Is conversion done? GOTO $-1 ;No, test again call delay ;Allow some time to settle BANKSEL ADRESH MOVF ADRESH,W ;Read high 8 bits MOVWF RESULTHI ;Store in GPR space compare_result clrc movlw VALUE subwf RESULTHI,w btfsc STATUS, Z ;if (RESULTHI <= VALUE) goto led_off ;turn led off btfsc STATUS, C goto led_on ;otherwise: turn led on goto led_off goto adc_sample ;loop forever led_on bsf PORTB, 0 goto adc_sample led_off bcf PORTB, 0 goto adc_sample delay COUNT1 equ 0xFF loopl0 decfsz COUNT1,1 goto loopl0 return end

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package com.rsen.db.converter; import android.database.Cursor; import com.rsen.db.sqlite.ColumnDbType; /** * Author: wyouflf * Date: 13-11-4 * Time: 下午10:51 */ public class StringColumnConverter implements ColumnConverter<String> { @Override public String getFieldValue(final Cursor cursor, int index) { return cursor.isNull(index) ? null : cursor.getString(index); } @Override public Object fieldValue2DbValue(String fieldValue) { return fieldValue; } @Override public ColumnDbType getColumnDbType() { return ColumnDbType.TEXT; } }

Service providers for communications devices generally require that the communications device have the proper credentials to access and enable use of services. The credentials securely and uniquely identify a subscription or account with the service provider and enable the communications device to access and use the services associated with the subscription. When the communications device is a mobile communications device, the service provider may be called a mobile network operator (MNO), and the services may include, for example, mobile voice calling, text messaging, or internet data service. The credentials may reside in a secure container called a Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC) or “SIM card.” The UICC may be embedded in the communications device, in which case it may be called an embedded UICC (eUICC). The credentials may be provisioned to the UICC or eUICC when manufactured or may be provisioned to the UICC or eUICC remotely while the UICC or eUICC resides in the communications device.

/* * Copyright © 2014 - 2020 Leipzig University (Database Research Group) * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package org.gradoop.flink.algorithms.fsm.transactional.tle.functions; import com.google.common.collect.Sets; import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.FlatMapFunction; import org.apache.flink.util.Collector; import org.gradoop.flink.algorithms.fsm.transactional.tle.pojos.CCSGraph; import org.gradoop.flink.algorithms.fsm.transactional.tle.tuples.CategoryCountableLabel; import org.gradoop.flink.algorithms.fsm.transactional.tle.pojos.FSMEdge; import java.util.Set; /** * {@code graph => (category, label, 1)} */ public class CategoryEdgeLabels implements FlatMapFunction<CCSGraph, CategoryCountableLabel> { /** * reuse tuple to avoid instantiations */ private CategoryCountableLabel reuseTuple = new CategoryCountableLabel(null, null, 1L); @Override public void flatMap(CCSGraph graph, Collector<CategoryCountableLabel> out) throws Exception { Set<String> edgeLabels = Sets.newHashSetWithExpectedSize(graph.getEdges().size()); for (FSMEdge edge : graph.getEdges().values()) { edgeLabels.add(edge.getLabel()); } for (String label : edgeLabels) { reuseTuple.setCategory(graph.getCategory()); reuseTuple.setLabel(label); out.collect(reuseTuple); } } }

Bristol, Quebec Bristol is a municipality in the Outaouais region, part of the Pontiac Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada. It is located on the north shore of Lac des Chats (part of the Ottawa River) across from Arnprior, Ontario. Its settlements include Bristol Village, Bristol Mines (Bristol-les-Mines), Bristol Ridge, Caldwell, Doherty, Elmside, Maple Ridge, Maryland, McKee, Norway Bay, and Weirstead. History Bristol Township, already shown on the Gale and Duberger Map of 1795, was officially created in 1834. It was named after the City of Bristol in south-west England, known for its port facilities. The first settlers came from England, Scotland, and Ireland, followed later on by settlers from Germany, France, and Poland. In 1845, a post office was established, and in 1855, the township municipality was created together with the neighbouring hamlet of Norway Bay, an area that is now a sought-after resort location on the Ottawa River. Its first mayor was William Craig and the mayor as of November 2009 is Brent Orr. Canada's first horse-drawn railroad was in the Bristol area. It was operated by the Union Forwarding Company, and ran from Pontiac Village to Union Village until 1886. From 1872 to 1894, iron ore was first mined. In 1956, a new open pit iron ore mine and processing facilities were built, employing up to 300 people. This was the first iron ore mining and pelletizing plant built in Quebec. It closed in 1976. On April 24, 2004, the Township Municipality of Bristol was changed to Municipality of Bristol. Demographics Population Language Mother tongues: English as first language: 78.8% French as first language: 19.2% Other as first language: 2.0% Due to the fact that many visitors come to Norway Bay in the summers, these statistics may change. Tourism and attractions Norway Bay is a popular summer destination with hundreds of cottages and two hotels catering to tourists. Also located here is McLellan Park with a public beach and wharf on the Ottawa River. During the months of June, July, and August, Norway Bay is considered home to hundreds of families. At the wharf, there are swimming lessons, and at the beach there are kayak and canoe adventures. Norway Bay has grown incredibly the past decade due to the many opportunities it brings to all ages. Other outdoor activities include cycling on the Cycloparc PPJ trail, golfing on the local golf course, boating, fishing, and hiking. In the winter, snowmobiling can be done on local trails, and on top of the frozen river, if temperatures permit. See also List of municipalities in Quebec References External links Category:Incorporated places in Outaouais Category:Municipalities in Quebec

Big Mouth Renewed for Season 3 Puberty is going to last another year, at least: Netflix has renewed the animated comedy Big Mouth for a third season, TVLine has learned. The comedy stars Nick Kroll and John Mulaney as teens Nick and Andrew, and follows their awkward sexual awakening as they and their adolescent friends fumble their way towards adulthood with the help and encouragement of, um, Hormone Monsters. (Yeah, this cartoon is definitely not for kids.) The supporting cast includes Parks and Rec alum Jenny Slate, Kroll’s The League co-star Jason Mantzoukas and Inside Amy Schumer‘s Jessi Klein, with guest appearances from Fred Armisen, Maya Rudolph and Jordan Peele. Debuting in September 2017 with a 10-episode freshman season, Big Mouth was renewed the following month, with Season 2 premiering on Netflix last month. And it’s TVLine-approved, too: It was recently named one of our Peak TV Treasures. Big Mouth joins The Ranch and Atypical in the ranks of recently renewed Netflix comedies. (TVLine’s Streaming TV Scorecard has been updated to reflect the renewal.) The streamer has also released a video celebrating the Season 3 renewal; press PLAY below to watch it, and then hit the comments to share your delight at getting to see more Big Mouth.

Robert Bentley (botanist) Robert Bentley (25 March 1821 – 24 December 1893) was an English botanist. He is perhaps best remembered today for the four-volume Medicinal Plants, published in 1880 with Henry Trimen and containing over three hundred hand-colored plates by botanist David Blair. Life Robert Bentley was born in Hitchin, Hertfordshire in 1821. While apprenticed to a pharmacist in Tunbridge Wells, he developed an interest in botany. He subsequently studied medicine at King's College London, and became a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1847 and a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London in 1849. Bentley served as botany lecturer at the Medical School of the London Hospital, and in 1859 became Professor of Botany at King's College London. In 1874, Bentley was elected a Fellow of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, and he served as joint editor of the British Pharmacopeia of 1885. Bentley died at his home in Warwick Road, Kensington, on 24 December 1893, and was buried at Kensal Green cemetery. Books by Bentley A Manual of Botany: including the structure, functions, classification, properties, and uses of plants, etc. (1861), at Google Books Characters, Properties, and Uses of Eucalyptus (1874) Botany (1875, London) Medicinal Plants: being descriptions with original figures of the principal plants employed in medicine and an account of the characters, properties, and uses of their parts and products of medicinal value - written with Henry Trimen (1880, London, Churchill) The Student’s Guide to Structural, Morphological, and Physiological Botany (1883, London) A Text-book of Organic Materia Medica, comprising a description of the vegetable and animal drugs of the British Pharmacopoeia, with other non-official medicines, etc. (1887) References Attribution Further reading The Annual Register (1894, Longmans, Green, and Company, London, p. 212) Category:1821 births Category:1893 deaths Category:English botanists Category:Alumni of King's College London Category:Academics of King's College London Category:Fellows of the Linnean Society of London Category:Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery Category:People from Hitchin

Isla Mayor Isla Mayor is a municipality located in the province of Seville, Spain. According to the 2009 census, the municipality has a population of 5873 inhabitants. Geography The main village is Isla Mayor, about 45 km south west of Sevilla, The small village of Poblado de Alfonso XIII is in the same municipality. Isla Mayor separated from the municipality of Puebla del Rio in 1994. Isla Mayor is situated in the Las Marismas (marshes) of the Bajo Guadalquivir River, of which one part forms part of the Doñana National Park. The land is formed from sediment at the mouth of the Guadalquivir river. It is crisscrossed by canals, and the land dedicated primarily to the cultivation of rice. Previously just a seasonal settlement for workers in the rice harvest, it became a permanent settlement in 1956 with the establishment of a paper factory by the Instituto Nacional de Colonización. The village and municipality were known as Villafranco del Guadalquivir, in honour of the dictator General Franco. In 2000 the name was changed to Isla Mayor by popular vote. See also Guadalquivir Marshes References External links Isla Mayor - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía Category:Municipalities of the Province of Seville

THE MUSHABBIHA CONCERNING THE THEOLOGICAL DOCTRINE OF THE MUSHABBIHA [ANTHROPOMORPHISTS]mstheme> Concerning the doctrine of the Anthropomorphists [al-Mushabbiha], we have three subsects to consider: The Hishamiyya, the Muqatiliyya and the Wasimiyya. The point on which all three of these subsects are in unanimous agreement is that Allah (Exalted is He) is a physical body [jism], and that it is impossible to conceive of that which exists [al-mawjud] in anything other than strictly physical terms. They were persuaded to adopt the anthropomorphic doctrine [tashbih] under the influence of the sects known as the Rawafid and the Karramiyya. The author who compiled their text books was a certain Hisham ibn al-Hakam, whose works include a book on the proof of the reality of the physical body [fi ithbat al-jism].

Contest Rules and Regulations The contest is open to boys and girls up to and including fourteen (14) years of age. Please note this has changed from previous years where it was fifteen. There are four age groups: Ages 14 and under (NOT 15) Ages 12 and under (NOT 13) Ages 10 and under (NOT 11) Ages 8 and under (NOT 9) Contestants must be the age stated as of DECEMBER 31st, 2017 and will be required to give proof of age if requested to do so, within 48 hours after the completion of the competition. Each contestant may enter into only one age group. Each contestant may enter into only one event, after a Local Competitions is held. Suitable athletic footwear or regulation football cleats are the only acceptable footwear for the entire competition Contestants must qualify in a Local and Regional Competition before being eligible to advance in the competition. Before a competitor may advance from a local competition a report must be sent in to the Regional Coordinator nearest you and Football Saskatchewan’s office @ 1860 Lorne Street, Regina, SK S4P 2L7 or fax 781-6021 or email Measurement and Scoring Best single Pass, Punt or Kick in the respective competition will be declared the winner of that event. An individual’s score will be recorded in feet and inches by the distance the ball travels forward in the air (not where it rolls), less the distance that the ball lands to either side of a centre measure line. (See diagram below). Each participant will be allowed three attempts in his or her event. In case of ties, tie breaking rounds consisting of 3 attempts will be held. Best single measurement of the tie breaking attempts will be declared the winner. A maximum of ten yards will be allowed for a running approach. If a competitor steps over the starting line, that particular attempt will not be counted. NOTE: Upon completion of your Local Competition, please contact Football Saskatchewan to request the number of Wristbands and Certificates you require. They will be sent to you immediately. Regional Competitions Certificates for winners of all Regional Competitions Provincial Finals All participants will receive a Provincial Finalist Kids Pass, Punt & Kick prize. The twenty four winners (12 boys and 12 girls) will receive an expense paid trip to Regina, plus four game tickets each for the Saskatchewan Roughrider football game, where they will be presented with Kids Pass, Punt & Kick plaques.

Accessibility options High contrast Text size Search for Music Night at Hootananny 8th April Certitude and Keepitmovin’ Promotions are proud to present an exclusive music night at Brixton’s locally acclaimed Hootananny on Tuesday 8th April! The evening will be brought to you by singer/songwriter Adrian Fraser with a DJ set hosted by Daniel from The Genuine Article. This event is sure to provide an eclectic mix of musical genres to keep the whole crowd entertained – with a set to include pop, dance, reggae, hip hop, jazz and everything else in between! Alongside the musical talent there will also be the opportunity to try some exotic cuisine including Jerk Chicken and Caribbean fruit with thanks to Juicy Fruit. So, if you are looking for a fun evening hosted at a fantastic venue with a chance to mix and mingle and meet a great variety of new people than this is the event for you. Tickets cost £5. Book your place now by emailing opportunities@certitude.org.uk or calling K on 07595 864 034. You will need to bring your support worker if you need support.

Plane Food to HK Nelson @ airplane: I booked a "cheap" flight to Hong Kong. This means 2 stopovers and 24 hours from start to finish. Good thing I had my trusty DS with me. The rice in the teriyaki chicken dish was hard and the salad not fresh. The sandwich tasted processed. The fruit tasted stale. I could taste the transfat in the muffin. The shrimp noodles were barely edible. The best thing was probably the egg and sausage that looks like pieces of crap. Actually on second thought I think the green tea was the best. It was quite refreshing. Comments LOL... I usually like airplane food, but I guess you had the bad batches.. what airline? I can't wait to see the good stuff from HK! Mmmmm I can taste it now *drool*dre @ 2008-01-03 ew. all that stuff looked so nasty!grace @ 2008-01-03 It was NorthWest. Do they have a reputation?.Nelson @ 2008-01-10 I had NWA food to Taiwan...it was alright I think. They had smoked salmon sashimi. I usually like airplane food cause it's like a mini-buffet...the variety but without the quantity and pukey feeling afterwards.Richard @ 2008-01-17 Oh, and there's a website with just pure airline food pics...http://www.airlinemeals.net I wanna fly first class...or at least business class.Richard @ 2008-01-17 I haven't had good experiences with airplane food...I think it's an issue of quality and the limited means they have for preparation. It has to be heated on board, so it's not going to taste great. Nelson @ 2008-01-21 wtf, that shit looks better than what i had with AC and Cathayak @ 2008-03-29

18 P.3d 1245 (2001) 199 Ariz. 446 Beulah LAWRENCE, a citizen and qualified elector of the City of Mesa, Hassan A. Mirza, a citizen and qualified elector of the City of Mesa, DMB Circle Road Partners, an Arizona general partnership, Talley Defense Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation licensed to and conducting business within the State of Arizona, and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., a Delaware corporation licensed to and conducting business within the State of Arizona, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. Barbara JONES, as the Clerk of the City of Mesa, Defendant-Appellee, Mesa Neighborhood Alliance, a registered political committee, Real Party in Interest-Appellee. No. 1 CA-CV 00-0301. Court of Appeals of Arizona, Division 1, Department C. February 20, 2001. *1246 Mariscal, Weeks, McIntyre & Friedlander, P.A., Phoenix, by Gary L. Birnbaum, Michael S. Rubin, James T. Braselton, Attorneys for Plaintiffs-Appellants, DMB Circle Road Partners and Talley Defense Systems, Inc. Meyers, Taber & Meyers, P.C., by Lisa T. Hauser, Phoenix, Attorneys for Plaintiffs-Appellants, Beulah Lawrence, Hassan A. Mirza and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Mesa City Attorney, by Neal J. Beets, Mesa, Attorneys for Defendant-Appellee. Morrill & Aronson, P.L.C., by Martin A. Aronson, John T. Moshier, John C. Doney, Phoenix, Attorneys for Real Party in Interest-Appellee. OPINION VOSS, Presiding Judge. ¶ 1 Plaintiffs appeal from the trial court's denial of their challenge to a Mesa zoning referendum and from denial of their motion for new trial and to amend the judgment. Plaintiffs sought to compel the Clerk of the City of Mesa to disqualify invalid signatures on Referendum RF00-2, which attempted to overturn a zoning change from M-2 (general industrial use) to C-2 (limited commercial use) as enacted by Mesa Ordinance No. 3744. This appeal raises two issues: (1) whether attachment of a zoning map to the petition *1247 was sufficient to meet the requirement that a "legal description" of the subject property be included in the petition, pursuant to Ariz.Rev.Stat. ("A.R.S.") section 19-121(E); and (2) whether petition signatures obtained by petition circulators who were not residents of Mesa were valid. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND ¶ 2 We set forth the undisputed facts directly from the trial court's ruling because they are well-stated and supported by the record: On or about October 25, 1999, Plaintiff DMB/Circle Road Partners filed an application for re-zoning certain property located in the City of Mesa from M-2 to C-2 to allow for the development of a shopping center. That zoning change was approved by the Mesa City Council on or about February 7, 2000, by Ordinance No. 3744. Thereafter, the Mesa Neighborhood Alliance was formed and circulated Referendum Petition No. RF00-2 against the council's adoption of Mesa City Ordinance No. 3744. In order for a referendum to be placed on a Mesa election ballot, 2,729 qualified signatures are required. On or about March 10, 2000, over 4,000 signatures for Referendum Petition No. RF00-2 were filed with the Mesa City Clerk, of which 3,070 signatures were found eligible on April 4, 2000. On or about April 3, 2000, the Mesa City Clerk advised the mayor and city council that Referendum Petition RF00-2 contained sufficient valid signatures to be placed on the ballot and that the initiative would appear on the ballot March 12, 2002, unless the council determined to place it on a special election ballot. The petitions that were circulated by the Mesa Neighborhood Alliance had attached a copy of Ordinance No. 3744, which included a copy of the "Official Supplementary Zoning Map Amending the City of Mesa Zoning Map." This Official Supplementary Zoning Map shows the property affected by the zoning change as a shaded area at the intersection of Greenfield and McKellips Road. The map also references the zoning petition number, the change to C-2 and Ordinance No. 3744, together with the description 35.3[+/-] acres. Five individuals who were residents of Arizona but not of Maricopa County, and 39 individuals who were residents of Maricopa County but not the City of Mesa circulated petitions and gathered 3,448 signatures of the total number filed. Defendants admit that unless the petitions circulated by non-Mesa residents are counted, there were insufficient signatures for this referendum to be placed on the Mesa City ballot. ¶ 3 On April 14, 2000, plaintiffs filed a special action in superior court, seeking to compel the Mesa City Clerk to disqualify invalid signatures on the referendum petition on two grounds: first, because the attachment of the zoning map to the petition was insufficient to meet the requirement of a "legal description" of the property pursuant to A.R.S. section 19-121(E); and second, because petition signatures obtained by nonresidents of Mesa were invalid pursuant to A.R.S. sections 19-114, 16-101, and Mesa City Code section 1-8-2(C). ¶ 4 After an evidentiary hearing, the trial court accepted special action jurisdiction but denied relief, determining on the merits that attaching the zoning map met the requirement of "includ[ing] a legal description of the property," and that the petition circulators were not required to be Mesa residents, pursuant to the recent decision of the United States Supreme Court in Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation Inc., 525 U.S. 182, 119 S.Ct. 636, 142 L.Ed.2d 599 (1999). After denial of their motions for a new trial and to amend the judgment, plaintiffs timely appealed. DISCUSSION 1. Zoning Map as a "Legal Description" ¶ 5 A zoning referendum petition must include, among other things, the following: In the case of zoning measures the measure shall also include a legal description of the property and any amendments *1248 made to the ordinance by the legislative body. A.R.S. § 19-121(E)(emphasis added). In ruling that the inclusion of the zoning map met this requirement, the trial court concluded: The Court further finds that the Official Supplementary Zoning Map is a sufficient legal description for purposes of the referendum petition. This is the official legal description utilized by the City of Mesa for purposes of zoning. The evidence was undisputed that the City of Mesa has an official zoning map and zoning changes are made by the adoption of an ordinance and an official supplementary zoning map showing the change. To be consistent with the practice in Mesa for legal descriptions for zoning, the official Mesa zoning map is the appropriate legal description to be attached to the referendum petitions seeking referendum on zoning changes. In addition, the attachment of the Official Supplementary Zoning Map contains a sufficient description of the property for readers of the petition to understand its location and size, which the Court concludes is the intent of the statute's requirement that a legal description be attached. Plaintiffs contend that a legal description describing in metes and bounds, by section and township, or by reference to a lot, block, tract, or parcel in a recorded subdivision plat is the type of legal description required. Plaintiffs point out that there are numerous references in Arizona [R]evised [S]tatutes to legal descriptions and specific requirements for what constitutes a sufficient legal description in many circumstances. The purpose and intent of a legal description according to Black's Law Dictionary (5th Ed.) is that it be "complete enough that a particular parcel of land can be located and identified." The attachment of the Official Supplementary Zoning Map accomplishes this purpose and intent. It provides signers of the referendum petition with the specific location of the property in reference to its location in the City of Mesa and with reference to the official zoning map of the City of Mesa. The Court finds that the attachment of the Official Supplementary Zoning Map is a legal description within the meaning of A.R.S. § 19-121(E). ¶ 6 Because our review of this ruling involves an issue of statutory interpretation, it is a question of law that we review de novo. Open Primary Elections Now v. Bayless, 193 Ariz. 43, 46, 969 P.2d 649, 652 (1998). ¶ 7 We are faced with two separate legal standards in this case. First, the rule is well established in Arizona law that the constitutional right to referendum is to be broadly construed. See A.R.S. § 19-111 (Historical and Statutory Notes, Laws 1989, ch. 10, § 1). Our legislature has expressly directed: If there is any doubt about requirements of ordinances, charters, statutes or the constitution concerning only the form and manner in which the power of an initiative or referendum should be exercised, these requirements shall be broadly construed, and the effect of a failure to comply with these requirements shall not destroy the presumption of validity of citizens' signatures, petitions of the initiated or referred measure, unless the ordinance, charter, statute or constitution expressly and explicitly makes any fatal departure from the terms of the law. Id. Our courts have also consistently recognized "Arizona's strong public policy favoring the initiative and referendum." Western Devcor, Inc. v. City of Scottsdale, 168 Ariz. 426, 428, 814 P.2d 767, 769 (1991). ¶ 8 On the other hand, our courts have consistently held that referendum petitions must "comply strictly with any applicable statutory requirements." Sherrill v. City of Peoria, 189 Ariz. 537, 540, 943 P.2d 1215, 1218 (1997) (quoting Western Devcor, 168 Ariz. at 429, 814 P.2d at 770) (citing Cottonwood Dev. v. Foothills Area Coalition of Tucson, Inc., 134 Ariz. 46, 49, 653 P.2d 694, 697 (1982)). In Sherrill, our supreme court concluded that section 19-121(E) establishes a bright-line rule that specifies three items to be attached to each petition: (1) the adopted ordinance or resolution; (2) a legal description of the property; and (3) amendments, *1249 if any, made to the ordinance. The statute on its face requires no less and no more. 189 Ariz. at 540, 943 P.2d at 1218. ¶ 9 In harmonizing these two standards, we believe that we may not excuse the failure to include a "legal description of the property" because it is strictly required by the provisions of A.R.S. section 19-121(E). However, we must broadly construe the definition of that requirement in determining whether compliance was achieved.[1] ¶ 10 The statutory scheme regarding referendum petitions does not contain a definition of a "legal description of the property." That term is, however, described in various other provisions of our statutes.[2] For example, in Title 33, regarding descriptions of trust property, six methods of providing "the legal description of trust property" are set forth: 1. By the use of lot, block, tract or parcel as set forth within a recorded subdivision plat. 2. By the use of a metes and bounds or course and distance survey. 3. By the use of the governmental rectangular survey system with specific identification of the location within any section or sections, tract or tracts, of a township and range. 4. By the use of the name of an unpatented mining claim together with the recording data of the location notice thereof recorded in the county recorder's office in which the claim is located. 5. By the use of the name of a patented mining claim together with the mineral survey number and the recording data of the patent to such mining claim. 6. By the use of a homestead entry survey number. A.R.S. § 33-802(A). These are not, however, the exclusive provisions relating to "legal descriptions;" for example, regarding the incorporation by reference of documents filed with the office of the County Recorder, Title 11 provides: If a legal description sufficient to determine the physical location of real property has been recorded, a reference by record location to the instrument containing the description is a sufficient description of the real estate. The reference may be made to maps or plats, surveys, deeds or any other recorded instrument but must contain language indicating that only the legal description is to be incorporated in the subsequent instrument. A.R.S. § 11-482(C)(emphasis added). The intent of the various statutes describing or requiring a "legal description" of property is to include information sufficient to give the reader of the document adequate notice about where a particular property can be located. See, e.g., Ten Z's Inc. v. Perry, 166 Ariz. 203, 204, 801 P.2d 438, 439 (App.1990) ("The crucial question to be answered is whether a member of the public who saw the notice in question would be able, without difficulty, to determine what property was being noticed for sale."). ¶ 11 In this case, the "legal description," as would be narrowly defined by plaintiffs, and as was listed on the Planning and Zoning Board Application, is as follows: The Northwest quarter of the Northwest quarter of Section 10, Township 1 North, Range 6 East of the Gila and Salt River Base and Meridian, Maricopa County, Arizona; *1250 EXCEPT the South 150 feet of the East 130 feet; and EXCEPT the South 10 feet; and EXCEPT the East 30 feet; and EXCEPT the North 55 feet; and EXCEPT the West 55 feet; and EXCEPT all uranium, thorium and all other material determined pursuant to Section (b)(1) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 761) to be peculiarly essential to the production of fissionable material, contained in whatever concentration, in deposits in the land, as reserved in Instrument of Transfer recorded in Docket 270, Page 90, records of Maricopa County, Arizona. Described property begin in and forming a part of the City of Mesa, Arizona and comprising an area of 1,535,239 square feet of 35.2442 acres more or less. ¶ 12 This technical narrative does not give the average reader of a referendum petition clear notice of the location of the property. In contrast, the zoning map indicated that the property is located at the northeast corner of the intersection of North Greenfield Road and East McKellips Road in Mesa, Arizona, and exhibited a shaded area, showing bordering streets, that comprises 35.3[+/-] acres, to be zoned C-2 by "Ord. # 3744." The map also referenced the zoning case number, Z99-119, and contained the further notation that "the attached zoning changes were approved by the Mesa City Council on February 7, 2000 by Ordinance # 3744. If you have any questions concerning these changes, contact the City of Mesa Community Development Department at XXX-XXX-XXXX." The map was signed by both the Mayor and the City Clerk, and contained the City of Mesa Corporate Seal. ¶ 13 At the evidentiary hearing in the trial court, Frank Mizner, the Planning Director for the City of Mesa, testified that the city maintains an "Official Zoning Map" that illustrates all zoning districts within the city, along with landmarks, which is "utilized to provide zoning information to the public," and which constitutes the only "official legally binding document in the city that shows zoning." It does not describe zoning parcels by either metes and bounds descriptions or assessor parcel numbers. Although zoning applications often contain a metes and bounds description based on townships and ranges, some zoning applications contain only a "pictorial depiction of the property in the form of a map," or merely a simple site plan. The Planning Department converts all those types of descriptions into a "pictorial legal description in the form of a map showing the boundaries of the property, reference to adjacent or nearby streets, size of the property," which is then used during the public hearing process, in the City Council, and in legal publications. After the City Council votes on a zoning amendment, a Supplementary Official Zoning Map is created that is attached to the ordinance, containing additional information about the ordinance, the date of the amendment, and the zoning change affected. This supplemental map is considered by the City to be a legally binding document as well as "the official legal description" for the zoning of the subject parcel.[3] Based on his experience, the Planning Director opined that the public would find the map more useful than a metes and bounds description "because it physically relates to the neighborhood," whereas a detailed technical description refers to "meridians and baselines and sections that the normal citizen probably wouldn't understand." ¶ 14 In responding to plaintiffs' initial challenge to the petition in the City Clerk's office, the Mesa City Attorney gave the following reasons for instructing the City Clerk to accept the petitions containing the zoning map as valid: *1251 [Y]ou narrowly interpret "legal description" as limited to a word or narrative form of land description-such as a metes and bounds description or a description by assessor parcel number. I do not interpret the statutory phrase "legal description" so narrowly. Particularly in the context of a referendum, I believe a sufficiently detailed map, similar to the one attached to Mesa's zoning ordinance and the citizen's referendum in this case, more than meets the statutory requirement for a legal description of the property in question. ... Here, the controlling statute requires that potential petition signers have available to them a legal description of the property that is the subject of the rezoning and referendum. The Legislature did not specify a particular type of legal description—although the Legislature was free to do so if it chose. So, the critical statutory construction question becomes one of legislative intent: "Why, in the first place, did the Legislature create a requirement for a legal description of the property subject to a zoning referendum?" By requiring a legal description of the property ..., the manifest intent of the Legislature was to make sure that petition signers had an opportunity to learn about the parcel of land being rezoned. Location, location, location is self-evidently critical to land use and referendum decisions. ... The map Mesa attaches to all its enacted zoning ordinances fulfills all of these manifest legislative purposes, as well as or better than a technical metes and bounds or other narrative form of legal description. Better than a narrative description, a map provides a literal picture of the area being rezoned as well as the vicinity around the land being rezoned. A picture is worth a thousand words, especially when those words—as in a metes and bounds form of legal description or an assessor parcel number form of legal description—are legalese, real estate-ese or otherwise technical words that are foreign to most potential petition signers. Unless potential petition signers happen to specialize in land surveying, a narrative legal description is not only uninformative, it is decidedly unhelpful in fulfilling the manifest legislative intent of providing useful and meaningful information to potential petition signers. ... Note that the Mesa City Code, a compilation of laws, not only allows but requires that each zoning case be accompanied, not by a technical word description of the property to be rezoned, but by a "map" that shows the property as well as the immediately surrounding vicinity. Mesa City Code § 11-2-2. Thus, there is no legal reason under A.R.S. § 19-121(E) to reject the map already authorized by law [thereby "legal"] that describes the property to be rezoned [thereby "description"]. A legal description in the form of a Code-required map suffices under the common dictionary meaning of the words "legal description." ¶ 15 We agree with this reasoning. We acknowledge that a "technical, narrative form of legal description" might necessarily be required in a variety of other contexts, such as a real estate dispute to determine boundary or ownership interests by reference to records maintained by the County Recorder, or in a taxation dispute involving comparison of records maintained by the County Assessor, or in an attempt to create a lien against specific property. See, e.g., Bryan v. Nelson, 180 Ariz. 366, 884 P.2d 252 (App.1994) (holding street address is insufficient "legal description" to create a lien by dissolution decree pursuant to A.R.S. section 25-318(A)). However, we find nothing inherent in the context of A.R.S. section 19-121(E) that requires, "legal description" to be interpreted to mean a hypertechnical recitation of property boundaries that would have no meaning or relevance to the citizens considering the petition. Rather, we believe that if the legislature had wanted to include such a narrowly constructed definition of "legal description," it would have included it in Title *1252 19 referendum provisions as it has done in other areas of the law. We have not found, nor have plaintiffs cited, any Arizona case mandating that we give the term such a narrow, technical definition. ¶ 16 Plaintiffs do not dispute that the zoning map utilized here is "official," as authorized by the Mesa City Code, nor do they dispute that it "establishes the location and boundaries of the property for zoning purposes." Furthermore, they do not contend that anyone who signed the petition was misled. Under these circumstances, we agree with the trial court that, in the context of referendum petitions, the requirement of A.R.S. section 19-121(E), that a "legal description of the property" be attached to the petition, broadly construed to effect the intent of that requirement, was met in this case by inclusion of the particular zoning map authorized by the Mesa City Code and attached to the petition. We therefore affirm the trial court's ruling on this ground. 2. Non-Resident Petition Circulators ¶ 17 Plaintiffs also challenge the trial court's conclusion that signatures collected by petition circulators who were not residents of Mesa were valid. In so ruling, the trial court relied on the decision of the United States Supreme Court in Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation Inc., 525 U.S. 182, 119 S.Ct. 636, 142 L.Ed.2d 599 (1999), and concluded that "circulators of referendum petitions must only be qualified to register to vote in the State of Arizona." It is undisputed that the petition circulators in this case met this requirement. ¶ 18 On appeal, plaintiffs argue that this ruling is erroneous as a matter of law, and that only Mesa residents are qualified to circulate a referendum petition involving a Mesa zoning ordinance. Plaintiffs base this argument on the provisions of A.R.S. sections 19-114(A) and 16-101, and on Mesa City Code section 1-8-2. ¶ 19 We have recently addressed the issue whether any Arizona statutory authority precludes the circulation of county referenda petitions by nonresidents of the county who are otherwise qualified to register to vote in Arizona. See KZPZ Broadcasting, Inc., v. Black Canyon City Concerned Citizens, 199 Ariz. 30, 13 P.3d 772 (App.2000). In KZPZ, applying the principles of Buckley, we concluded that "the statutory scheme could not constitutionally include a local residency requirement for referendum petition circulators." 199 Ariz. at 38, ¶ 27, 13 P.3d at 779. We therefore construed the statutory provisions in a manner consistent with Buckley, noting that the Arizona Legislature had amended the relevant provisions after Buckley to conform to that decision. We need not engage in that analysis again; we find the analysis in KZPZ dispositive of the statutory construction issue raised here. ¶ 20 This case, however, also involved the application of a City Code provision. Mesa City Code section 1-8-2 provides: (B) All circulators of initiative or referenda petitions proposing to change the Mesa City Charter or Mesa City Code shall be qualified Mesa electors, as defined in Section 1-8-1 above.* (C) In evaluating petitions presented for signature verification, the City Clerk shall not count or consider signatures on an initiative, referendum, or nomination petition under this Section that are circulated by persons other than a Mesa qualified elector, as defined in Section 1-8-1 above. The asterisk in section B refers to the following footnote: Effective August 6, 1999, pursuant to Titles 16 and 19, circulators of initiative, referendum, nomination, and recall petitions must be qualified to register to vote in this State (HB 2656, Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation). (Emphasis added.) In ruling on this issue, the trial court noted: Mesa City Ordinance 1-8-2 requires that circulators of initiative or referenda petitions proposing to change the Mesa City Charter or Mesa City code shall be qualified Mesa electors. An asterisk and footnote have been added to 1-8-2 to the effect that pursuant to House Bill 2656 and Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation, circulators of initiative, referendum, nomination and recall petitions must be qualified to vote in Arizona. Although *1253 Mesa has not deleted this ordinance from the city code, it is no longer enforceable in light of HB 2656 and Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation. ¶ 21 We agree with this legal conclusion. Although the Mesa City Code does not require the same statutory interpretation in which we engaged in KZPZ, the constitutional principles we analyzed in that case apply equally here. Assuming without deciding that a state residency requirement for petition circulators would be upheld after Buckley, we stated that, we do not see how the more significant restriction of county residency would survive strict scrutiny. The more local the residency restriction is made, the smaller the pool of available petition circulators becomes, and the more limited is political expression about proposed changes, with no corresponding heightened protection of the state's interests in the integrity of its elections. KZPZ, 199 Ariz. at 38, ¶ 24, 13 P.3d at 779. In considering whether a locality had a compelling interest in preventing involvement in the referendum process by "political outsiders," we pointed out that the "grass roots support" interests are already protected by the requirements that only local residents can actually sign the petition and only local residents can actually vote in a local referendum election. Id. at ¶ 25. We were also "unwilling to say, as a general proposition, when local Arizona land use issues are involved, that only local residents have an interest in the outcome sufficient to entitle them to voice political expression through circulation of a referendum petition." Id. Therefore, we concluded, a local residency requirement imposed on referendum petition circulators would "run afoul of the First and Fourteenth Amendments under the principles set forth in Buckley." KZPZ, 199 Ariz. at 39, ¶ 27, 13 P.3d at 780. ¶ 22 We conclude, based on the above, that the trial court properly rejected plaintiffs' challenge to the validity of the referendum petitions based on the Mesa nonresidency of circulators who were otherwise qualified to register to vote in Arizona. CONCLUSION ¶ 23 Based on the foregoing, we affirm the trial court's judgment. CONCURRING: NOEL FIDEL, Judge, CECIL B. PATTERSON, JR., Judge. NOTES [1] Plaintiffs contend that we may not interpret the meaning of "legal description of the property" as used in A.R.S. section 19-121(E) because our supreme court has held A.R.S. section 19-121(E) to be "clear and unambiguous." See Sherrill, 189 Ariz. at 541, 943 P.2d at 1219. Sherrill did not, however, address the meaning of "legal description," and held only that it was erroneous for the court of appeals to require more to be included in a referendum petition than the referendum statutes actually require. We therefore do not feel constrained by Sherrill from deciding this issue. [2] Indeed, plaintiffs have provided us with an appendix in which 82 statutes are listed which purport to refer to "legal descriptions." We do not set forth these various provisions in their entirety, for it is undisputed that none of them conclusively apply to A.R.S. section 19-121(E). Rather, we approach the definition of "legal description" in a manner confined to the specific circumstances and intent of A.R.S. section 19-121(E). [3] Mesa City Code section 11-2-2(A) provides, in relevant part: The locations and boundaries of zoning districts are established on the City of Mesa Zoning Map, dated and signed by the Mayor and City Clerk, which map accompanies and is hereby declared a part of this Zoning Ordinance. The Code also provides, however, that the Zoning Map is not intended to be used as a "precise legal narrative" of zoning district boundaries. Mesa City Code § 11-2-2(B). We do not see this restriction as a barrier to our holding that a "precise legal narrative" is not the sole method of attaching a "legal description" to a zoning referendum petition within the meaning of A.R.S. section 19-121(E).

Miller would assure death penalty vote If governor gets support, Senate would act on repeal January 02, 2013|By Michael Dresser and Erin Cox, The Baltimore Sun Senate President Thomas V. Mike Miller said Wednesday that he will make sure that legislation to repeal Maryland's death penalty gets a vote in his chamber if the governor lines up enough support for approval. Despite his personal support of the death penalty, Miller said, he would give Gov. Martin O'Malley the opportunity to win passage of such legislation — which has been bottled up in a Senate committee. "If he shows me the votes, if he's got the votes on the floor of the Senate, then we'll find a way to move it forward," Miller said in an interview. "But this is not just a debating site where you sit and debate the bills that don't have a chance of passage." O'Malley, a longtime death penalty opponent, sought repeal four years ago but settled for a compromise that sharply limits the circumstances under which it can be imposed. He has come under pressure from death penalty opponents, including NAACP President Benjamin T. Jealous, to renew the fight when the General Assembly begins its annual 90-day session Jan. 9. Takirra Winfield, an O'Malley spokeswoman, said the governor hasn't decided which bills to include in his legislative agenda for the coming session. But she said that his views have not changed and that he still believes "the death penalty is a drain on the state," Winfield said. O'Malley asked NAACP officials when they met with him last month to help confirm the names of senators willing to vote for repeal and is awaiting their response. Jane Henderson, executive director of Maryland Citizens Against State Executions, welcomed Miller's statement. She said death penalty opponents have had enough votes in the full Senate for repeal since the 2010 elections. Maryland now has five men on death row for murders going as far back as 1983, but no executions are imminent because a 2006 court decision threw out the regulations under which the death penalty is carried out. The administration has been rewriting those regulations since a legislative panel rejected its earlier proposal in 2011. In recent years, death penalty repeal proposals have hit a snag in the Senate, where a 6-5 majority on the Judicial Proceedings Committee supports keeping capital punishment. As a result, the most likely route for a Senate vote would be a petition to bring the legislation directly to the floor — the process used in 2009 when O'Malley pushed for repeal. While that move succeeded at first with Miller's support, the bill was amended on the floor to keep capital punishment in limited circumstances where there is particularly strong evidence against an accused murderer, such as a videotaped confession. Miller called Maryland's law "the most restrictive" in the country among the states that permit capital punishment. It takes 24 votes to pass a bill in the 47-member Senate. Death penalty opponents contend they can reach that threshold on the floor if they can bypass the committee. Henderson said she's confident that if the bill passes the Senate, it can win approval in the House of Delegates. Speaker Michael E. Busch has said the House, which has not voted on full repeal in recent years, will take up the issue only if the Senate acts. Miller said he personally opposes full repeal because he believes there are cases where the death penalty is appropriate, such as in the case of mass murders. "I strongly believe the death penalty should remain in effect for mass murderers," he said. "I feel strongly that the Hitlers, the Eichmanns, the slavers, these mass murderers, they deserve the ultimate penalty. Those are my personal views." On another key issue, Miller said that to raise "desperately needed" revenue for transportation, the state will have to adopt a regional approach under which mass transit-dependent urban counties would pay higher tax rates than rural areas. "That would be a logical solution," he said. Such a move would break from Maryland's longstanding system of transportation funding, under which the same fees and taxes apply in all parts of the state and revenues are funneled into a Transportation Trust Fund to support roads, mass transit and other modes of travel. The system has come under increasing criticism from rural lawmakers who have seen highway projects dwindle as transit system operating costs claim a higher percentage of the fund. Miller said he sees no way that three major pending transit projects, including Baltimore's Red Line, can be financed without urban areas' paying more.

Q: A field initializer cannot reference the non-static field, method, or property C# I need to get my list from one class to another. However I still get this error. " A field initializer cannot reference the non-static field, method, or property" I read that I have to get smth to constructor, however nothing works. thanks in advance! namespace NovejKalendar { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Calendar c = new Calendar(); Day d = new Day(); c.AddRecord(); c.Print(); //Day d = new Day(); Console.ReadKey(true); } } class Homework { public DateTime dt; public string subject; public string content; public Homework(DateTime dt, string subject, string content) { String.Format("{0:d.m.yyyy HH:mm}", dt); //String.Format("{0:d/M/yyyy HH:mm:ss}", dt); // "9.3.2008 16:05:07" this.dt = dt; this.subject = subject; this.content = content; } } class Day { List<Homework> hw = new List<Homework>(); public List<Homework> GetList() { hw = new List<Homework>(); return hw; } } class Calendar { //List<Homework> hw = new List<Homework>(); Day d = new Day(); List<Homework> hw = d.GetList(); //List<Homework> hw = new List<Homework>(); public void AddRecord() { string a = "9.3.2008 16:05"; string b = "19.12.2009 16:40"; string c = "29.5.2005 16:55"; hw.Add(new Homework(Convert.ToDateTime(a), "M", "ONE")); hw.Add(new Homework(Convert.ToDateTime(b), "F", "TWO")); hw.Add(new Homework(Convert.ToDateTime(c), "INF", "THREE")); } public void PrintCollection<T>(IEnumerable<T> col) { foreach (var a in col) Console.WriteLine(hw); } public void Print() { foreach (var p in hw) { Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", p.dt, p.subject, p.content); } } } } A: You can't initialize the field directly like this: List<Homework> hw = d.GetList(); Instead just define the variable and initialize it in the class constructor. class Calendar { List<Homework> hw; public Calendar() { hw = d.GetList(); } ... } The error message is clear about that.. " A field initializer cannot reference the non-static field, method, or property"

Draft Audit Report - The United States Marshals Service's Prisoner Medical Care Program The United States Marshals Service (USMS) appreciates the opportunity to review the Office of the Inspector General's draft audit report of the USMS Prisoner Medical Care Program. The USMS welcomes such external reviews as it gives the agency the opportunity to better assess the effectiveness of its programs and to improve them where appropriate. Attached is our response to the audit with a discussion of each recommendation. Thank you for the opportunity to respond to this audit report. Attachment cc: Gary E. Mead Assistant Director Business Services Division Broadine M. Brown Assistant Director Management and Budget Division Sylvester E. Jones Assistant Director Judicial Security Division Patricia Hanson Procurement Office Business Services Division Charles Coburn Office of General Counsel Isabel Howell Audit Liaison Management and Budget Division Robert A. Whiteley Office of Finance Management and Budget Division USMS REVIEW, OF OIG DRAFT RECOMMENDATIONS PRISONER MEDICAL CARE I. USMS PROGRAM OVERVIEW It is important that the background against which this program functions and the numerous factors which influence its effectiveness also be stated for the record. Every day, the 94 United States Marshals Service (USMS) district offices face an enormous level of workload and unlike other law enforcement agencies, field managers must respond effectively and promptly to a number of entities (i.e., federal judiciary, U.S. Attorneys, defense counsels, members of Congress, state and local governments, Bureau of Prisons (BOP), Department of Homeland Security, as well as prisoners and their relatives). The USMS shares the Office of Inspector General s (OIG) concern for adequate prisoner security but increases in workload make this problematic. During FY 2003, the USMS received 154,400 individuals into custody, produced 587,700 for court, and transported an additional 411,800 by air and ground transportation modes. In coordination with the Office of the Federal Detention Trustee (OFDT), the agency is responsible for managing an annual detention budget of more than $800 million Each year new federal law enforcement initiatives are funded that generate an ever increasing workload for the agency however only a small percentage of the new positions included in the President's budget for the USMS have been funded by the Congress. During the past 5 years the USMS average daily prisoner population grew by 53 percent (an increase of 15,300 new prisoners) Finding adequate detention space for such a large number of prisoners is a major challenge. Logistically, the district offices must locate detention bed space close enough to the 300 federal court cities to support the judicial process. Faced with such massive prisoner population increases, field staff have had to become increasingly dependent on guards to perform vital local transport functions. The USMS also faces a national detention space crisis as it tries to find adequate bed space. There are only 3,618 jails in the United States Currently, 63 percent of USMS prisoners are housed in state and local facilities. It is compelling to note that only 2.8 percent of these facilities are certified by the American Correctional Association and 12.5 percent are certified by the National Commission on Correctional Health Care (NCCHC) The districts ability to track prisoner medical status is extremely limited as levels of medical care provided are determined by the attending physician of the jail. District staffs have no medical expertise. This situation is exacerbated by the lack of a centralized national prisoner database. In spite of these program constraints, the USMS has done an outstanding job of developing and implementing an effective Prisoner Medical Program during the past 9 years. Not only has the agency developed and implemented extensive prisoner health care policies and procedures, it has managed to reduce prisoner medical costs by $103,126,945 (see attached). Such significant savings have been generated by the establishment of a national prisoner medical claims processing system and. the agency's success in obtaining passage of legislation for Medicare rates (Public Law 106-113) in November 1999. A major program success was achieved in 1999 when the USMS and Westchester County, New York, received the Department of Justice (DOJ), JustWorks Award for outstanding performance in developing a managed care network in the New York City area. This program success was made possible by taking an innovative interagency approach and obtaining vital technical support from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Throughout this process, the district offices have been directly involved in program development and steadfast in their support to implement procedural changes. While the USMS was able to partially implement the Medicare portion of this law through the use of a VA contractor, full compliance with this law is not possible until funding for a national managed care contract is provided. The USMS national managed care contract will also resolve a number of the OIG findings in this report. It should be noted that the congressional conference language for the USMS, FY 04 appropriation, if enacted, will require the USMS to eliminate 85 administrative positions. This may adversely impact our ability to address the recommendations made in this audit report. II. USMS COMMENTS ON OIG RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Ensure that districts adhere to established procedures for authorizing recording and tracking, outside medical procedures. (a) Pre-Authorizations of Medical Procedures - The USMS will instruct district staff to improve their communications with jail medical staff on outside medical care referrals. It is the position of the agency that the successful implementation of a national managed care contract will resolve this problem. Under the terms of the scope of work of this contract, all outside medical care will be preauthorized by the USMS contractor in coordination with the district offices and the Office of interagency Medical Services (OIIvIS), Prisoner Services Division (PSD). The contract also requires creation of an interactive web site where districts will be 'required to concur, from a security aspect, on all preauthorized medical trips. (b) Recording of Financial Transactions in the Financial Management System (EMS) - To the extent that this recommendation addresses the need for a consistent methodology for identifying, authorizing, recording and reporting medical expenses, the USMS concurs with the recommendation The Office of Finance, Management and Budget Division, will work with the district offices and OIMS to improve both the policies and procedures for recording and tracking these expenses. To the extent that the recommendation refers to the different sub-object codes (SOC) used by district offices for recording guard costs associated with prisoner medical expenses, the USMS does not concur The difference between SOC 1150 and SOC 2555 is based upon the nature of the procurement. SOC 1150 is a personal service contract between the USMS and the guard performing the service. As such, this person is considered an employee of the USMS for income tax purposes and is reported under object class 1100 for external reporting to the Office of Management and Budget. Guards paid under 2555 are contract guards working for a vendor who has a contract with the USMS to provide such guard services. Payments to these vendors are, properly recorded under object class 2500. The nature of the underlying contractual relationship will dictate which sub-object class is charged. (c) Prisoner Tracking System (PTS) - The USMS will instruct district staff to ensure that all required PTS entries are accomplished. (d) Prisoner Case Files - The USMS will instruct district staff that prisoner case files (manual or paperless) must be properly maintained In particular, the field will be reminded that completed copies of Forms USM 552 (Prisoner Medical Records Release Form) and USM 553 (Medical Summary of Federal Prisoner/Alien in Transit) must be maintained for each prisoner. (e) Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) - As already presented to the OIG Audit Team, the USMS will be able to efficiently resolve field FAR compliance issues with the award and implementation of a national managed care contract. It should also be noted that prior to the Office of General Counsel's (OGC) issuance of the December 3, 1999, memorandum on District FAR noncompliance issues, PSD had already worked with the Procurement Office to establish on December 1, 1998, a special Administrative Officers' Advisory Group for the Procurement of Health Care Services This group created a viable medical credit card program effective January 18, 2O01, which greatly enhanced field FAR compliance with medical service acquisitions This group also strongly recommended that a national managed care contract be established to resolve the remaining medical procurement issues. Estimated Date for Completion of Actions - It is estimated that guidance for the field on audit compliance for items 1a-1d will be accomplished by February 27, 2004. Item 1e (FAR Compliance) will be subject to USMS receipt of the necessary resources to support this major initiative. 2. Re-initiate operational reviews of USMS district offices. The USMS concurs with the OIG recommendation to re-initiate operational reviews of USMS district Offices The USMS is currently reviewing the position and staffing levels requited to establish an Office of Inspections that would include an expansion of the responsibilities of the current Program Review Office. The proposal currently under consideration would include an increased emphasis on the operational aspects of the work performed in the districts and the Office of Inspections would be under the management of a GS-1811 Criminal Investigator. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - The USMS will keep the OIG advised of its progress in re-initiating these reviews. 3. Complete the on-going effort to negotiate a national managed health care contract for prisoner medical services that will remedy non-compliance with Title 18 U.S.C. 4006 and will effectively streamline the process. The USMS fully anticipates awarding a national managed health care contract this fiscal year. Over the past few years, the agency did take steps in order to improve performance on the procurement of health care for prisoners until the national health care contract could be established. The USMS has implemented both a medical services credit card program and a national medical claims program. Both have afforded the agency to go from zero compliance to partial compliance on procurement regulations until the national managed health care contract is fully implemented this year. On January 21, 2003, the Department of Health and Human Services' PCS issued a Request for Proposals (RFP) for the national managed health care contract. The Technical Evaluation Board (TEB) has begun meeting and soon will be entering the final stages of its evaluation process. If funding from this year's Federal Prisoner Detention Account is approved by the Office of the Federal Detention Trustee (OFDT) for this project, then an award can be made and national implementation will begin in late spring. The USMS would like it noted that the original legislation proposed in September 1998 by the USMS, and formally supported by Justice Management Division, DOJ, did not have a provision that medical payments "shall not exceed the lesser of the amount under the...Medicare....Medjcaid program." Unfortunately, the legislative proposal was changed unexpectedly during the legislation process without input of the potential ramifications that such a change would have on the program office or the agency's resources needed to meet the new legislation. The agency would also be concerned that the demand for only Medicaid rates may significantly result in the loss of a substantial number of medical care providers and a potential decline in the quality of medical care provided to prisoners. Physicians may refuse to treat USMS prisoners at Medicaid rates. In particular, medical specialists tend not to accept Medicaid rates for their specialized treatment. If this occurs, most specialty medical care would then have to be obtained by visits to the Emergency Rooms which presents a significant security concern. In fact, the USMS is so concerned about the adverse impact of the current legislation that on December 20, 2002 it submitted a formal legislative proposal to DOJ to modify this law and delete the Medicaid requirement. It is the agency's belief that it would be more appropriate to utilize private industry with a performance based procurement (as the USMS national managed care contract is currently structured) to obtain rates below the Medicare pricing structure. The USMS is concerned with the accuracy of the audit report's claim that the agency expended $7 million more in medical finds than necessary. As confirmed in the exit interview, the amount was estimated using price averaging rather than a formal analysis of individual medical claims data. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - Completion of this action will be subject to USMS receipt of the necessary resources to support this major initiative. 4. Enforce current USMS policy regarding the use of prisoners' private insurance to cover the costs of outside medical care. The USMS will instruct district staff to ensure that the Form USM 552 (Prisoner Medical Records Release Form) is to be completed for all new prisoners at intake, a copy placed in the prisoner case file, and information on medical insurance is entered into PTS. It should be noted that in November 2001, OIMS conducted an informal survey of twelve districts (which represented approximately 42 percent of all USMS prisoners in custody) to determine the number of prisoners who might have medical insurance. The survey revealed that less than one percent (approximately 300 individuals of a population of 36,000 nationwide) might have such coverage. Even so, the position of the USMS is that any prisoner with medical insurance should be required to utilize that coverage as the financial benefits can be significant. In an on-going high profile case in the Central District of California, OIMS and the district worked hard to enforce utilization of the prisoner's medical insurance to avert payment of approximately $1.2 million in medical care costs for the USMS. This is an excellent example of the benefits and mutual support of OIMS working closely with the field offices on medical case management. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - It is estimated that guidance for the field on audit compliance will be accomplished by February 27, 2004. 5. Require that a management plan be created that ensures that deputy marshals are in compliance with cellblock health care policy and that they receive annual CPR and AED training in order to maintain certification. (a) Prisoner Healthcare Policy Compliance - The USMS will require that district management conduct a formal review of all USMS prisoner health care policy with the appropriate district staff and provide to headquarters written certification of full compliance with cellblock policy and procedures. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - It is estimated that guidance for the field on audit compliance will be accomplished by February 27, 2004, and district certification of policy compliance completed by April 30, 2004. (b) CPR and AED) Training - The Judicial Security Division (JSD) will issue additional guidance to the field with regard to USMS policy on CPR and AED training. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - It is estimated that a reminder for the field from JSD on USMS CPR and AED training requirements will be issued by February 27, 2004. 6. Strengthen the jail inspection program by: (a) Ensuring the districts comply with USMS policy requiring an annual iail inspection. The PSD should maintain an IGA database which includes the date of the last inspection. PSD has a database that records the current and future dates of all the jail inspections throughout the USMS. Currently, the USMS is working to update the system so reports can be generated to alert the districts that their jail inspections are due. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - This database upgrade should be operational by the middle of 2004. (b) Ensuring that district employees assigned as jail inspectors attend inspection training. including refresher courses, that contains a module on prisoner medical care. Employees conducting jail inspections should receive performance evaluations that include jail inspections as a rating element. Jail Inspector training, otherwise known as Conditions of Confinement Training (CCT), has resumed as of June 2003. Two sessions have been conducted and three more are scheduled for 2004. A module on prisoner medical care is already included in the training. Refresher training will begin as soon as PSD is satisfied that all districts have an adequate number of trained jail inspectors. Then, past jail inspectors will begin to attend the new training. The latter two sessions in 2004, May and. August, will begin to include those inspectors who need refresher training. With regard to changing rating elements for employees who hold the collateral assignment of jail inspector, these personnel are already evaluated on this duty as an element of their overall job performance. It is not necessary to separately evaluate the employee on a collateral duty. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - Jail inspection training for all districts should be completed by the end of FY 2004. (c) Requiring U.S. Marshals to review and improve their current jail inspection requirements. The reports for prisoner medical services should be more detailed and include supporting documents. The assessment tools provided in the CCRS should serve as a guide in improving the reports. OFDT is currently working with BOP, USMS, and the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (BICE) to improve the jail standards as well as the inspection process. PSD sees no need for more detailed medical service reports. Furthermore, the jail inspectors are not medical personnel and have limited medical knowledge. Any serious medical problems identified by district jail inspectors are to be referred to PSD for review. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - Completion of this action will be determined by OFDT's completion of their interagency review of jail standards and the inspection process. (d) Requiring districts to follow up on all CCR findings at least three years after the review has been completed. USMS inspection reports conducted on jail facilities that have submitted corrective action plans should include certification by the jail inspector that the jail is in compliance with the plan. PSD is currently organizing a working group to review the CCR findings and coordinate action plans with district jail inspectors. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - This project is planned for the summer of 2004. 7. Ensure that USMS Deputy Marshals Derform initial TB screening of the USMS prisoners that are housed in USMS district holding cells. The USMS will require that district management conduct a formal review of all USMS prisoner health care policy with particular emphasis on airborne infectious disease control (TB) with the appropriate, district staff and provide USMS Headquarters with written certification of full district compliance with USMS cell block policy and procedures. However, it should be noted that district staff have no medical expertise and rely appropriately on the attending physician at the local detention facility to conduct intake medical screening, record medical histories, and determine appropriate medical care for each prisoner. USMS cellblock personnel are directed by current USMS policy only to "visually screen for symptoms of TB" and isolate any suspected case of active infectious airborne disease (i.e., TB, SARS, etc.). OIMS has requested that JDIS or an upgraded PTS contain an expanded prisoner medical module that would permit national tracking of compliance and infectious TB cases by OIMS staff. This module would also have a cellblock intake screen which gives the intake cellblock deputy a "checklist" of medical items to review with the prisoner which can be immediately documented in the system. Such an approach is more efficient and effective than paper documentation. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - It is estimated that guidance for the field on audit compliance and district certification of policy compliance will be accomplished by April 30, 2004. Modification of current or planned USMS automated systems will depend upon resource availability. 8. Ensure that all cases of active TB are reported directly to OIMS. The USMS will require that district management conduct a formal review of all USMS prisoner health care policy with particular emphasis on airborne infectious disease control (i.e., TB, SARS, etc.) with the appropriate district staff and provide USMS Headquarters with written certification of full district compliance with TB control policy and procedures. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - It is estimated that guidance for the field on audit compliance and district certification of policy compliance will be accomplished by April 30, 2004. 9. Require that prisoners' TB test dates and results be documented on the Form USM 553 Medical Summary of Federal Prisoner/Alien in Transit and entered into PTS. in accordance with USMS TB policy. Copies of the USM 553, either paper or electronic should be maintained at the district offices. The USMS will instruct district staff to ensure that prisoner TB test dates and results are documented for each USMS prisoner on a Form USM 553 (Medical Summary of Federal Prisoner/Alien in Transit) by the appropriate local detention facility medical staff and those results are entered' into PTS and a completed copy of the form maintained in the prisoner case file. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - It is estimated that guidance for the field on audit compliance will be accomplished by April 30, 2004. 10. Develop and implement a system to track and monitor active TB cases. OIMS has continued to request that funding for an additional US Public Health Service Officer be provided so that an Infectious Disease Control Officer position could be created to track and monitor prisoner airborne infectious disease cases. Without adequate medical staff in OIMS and a national automated prisoner tracking capability, the agency will have to continue to rely on district communications to OIMS by phone and fax. As stated previously, district staff have no medical expertise and rely on the attending physician of the detention facility to determine the health care needs of prisoners and to communicate those needs (if outside medical care is required) to the U.S. Marshal. Active TB is a reportable disease (under state and federal law) which means that local or state health departments must report all active cases to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). The USMS strongly agrees that field staff are responsible for ensuring that access to adequate health care (especially emergency care) is provided to all prisoners in USMS custody. Current USMS prisoner medical policy clearly directs field staff to obtain all emergency medical care immediately by contacting their local "911" service. District staff will also facilitate non-emergency care provided outside of detention facilities if such medical needs are known by the district, in accordance with USMS Prisoner Health Care Standards, and are verified by the attending physician. District staff should immediately confer with district management and OIMS medical staff when they are unsure on how to proceed. OIMS also maintains a United States Public Health Service (USPHS) Medical Duty Officer available 24 hours a day to assist district offices. These policies have been in effect since 1999. In an effort to work and coordinate with other federal agencies as well as local jails in the DC area, USPHS nurses from OIMS participate in monthly meetings of the Washington Metropolitan Council of Government Subcommittee on Correctional Health Care (COG). This Subcommittee ensures informal and face-to-face liaison with regional community and federal detention facility health care managers that house USMS prisoners. The meeting format includes a medical case study presentation and discussion to identity and manage chronic and infectious disease seen in the correctional community, bench marking, communication and implementation of process to improve shared health care issues and concerns. Medical topics that have been discussed include HIV/AIDS, specifically bridging the gap between incarceration and release, Diabetes, Smallpox, Anthrax, SAPS, Palliative/End-Of-Life Care for pre- and post- release individuals, and newly approved pharmaceutical agents. This valuable forum provides a cross-sectional look into the challenges that are faced in the D.C. area (Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia), keeps the OIMS staff members abreast of emerging health care issues in the detention community, and allows input and exchange from the USMS perspective on such issues as standards, formularies, transportation, costs and disease management as they relate to correctional health care. It should also be noted that OIMS already receives approximately 2,000 medical cases for management and assistance from the field each year. As the USMS prisoner population continues to increase, medical case loads will grow dramatically as well as the pressure for receipt of additional OIMS medical resources. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - Completion of this action will be subject to USMS receipt of the necessary resources to support this major initiative as well as completion of needed enhancements to existing USMS automated prisoner systems, The USMS remains firmly committed to ensuring that infectious airborne disease is adequately monitored and potential exposure to employees, other prisoners, and the public is prevented. 11. Develop and implement a policy for tracking and monitoring of HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis cases. The USMS disagrees with this recommendation. The USMS relies on state and local jails, contract jails and BOP facilities to provide medical screening and medically necessary health services to USMS detainees. The USMS is not responsible for determining the medical status of its detainees, This responsibility falls on the attending physician at the facilities that house the detainees. The USMS is responsible for the costs of the medically necessary detainee health care that is ordered by the attending physician. BOP has advised us that BOP correctional staff are not routinely provided information on the HIV status of inmates in BOP institutions. Such information is maintained in a separate inmate medical database, within the BOP's SENTRY system that is accessible only by BOP medical staff assigned to the BOP institution and BOP headquarters. The National Commission on Correctional Healthcare (NCCHC) Standards for Health Services in jails recognizes that if a detainee is labeled HW positive, the detainee may be placed at undue risk for compromised personal safety. The standards provide that, in a detention setting, "it is particularly important that the rules of physician/patient confidentiality regarding HIV test results and diagnoses of AIDS be followed." See 2003 NCCHC Standards, Position Statement on Administrative Management of HIV in Corrections, p.189. Thus, the privacy of this information should be protected where possible. Consistent with NCCHC standards, USMS detainee HIV and Hepatitis information is disseminated on a "need to know" basis and is not routinely shared with USMS staff. All USMS staff have been formally instructed to use universal precautions, in accordance with CDC guidelines and USMS policy, with regard to the searching, production, and transport of all detainees. In our view, it is inappropriate for USMS law enforcement staff to attempt to routinely diagnose, track, or document the HIV/Hepatitis status of USMS detainees except as otherwise required on a case-by-case basis. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - No action is required. 12. Ensure that guard contracts are effectively monitored by: (a) Requiring that the COTR submit comprehensive euard contractor evaluations every six months. These evaluations should be thorough and should require documentation that supports the determinations and findings of the COTR. The USMS agrees that agency guard documentation management and training requirements for personal services guards need to be reviewed. As a result, PSD will establish a work group composed of members of field operations, field administration, PSD, and Procurement staff from the Business Services Division (BSD). The mission of this workgroup will be to review current USMS guard policy and procedures and oversee implementation of any modifications deemed necessary. In the interim, the USMS will require that district management conduct a formal review of the following priority program items and certify compliance: (1) Ensure immediate and full compliance with the financial terms and all other conditions of all formal guard contracts currently in force. (2) Comply with USMS training requirements for all guards. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - The USMS guard work group should conclude their review and issue recommended corrective actions and policy changes by the end of the third quarter, FY 2004. Implementation will take place as soon as such policy changes have been approved and issued to the field and district management has had adequate time to implement needed changes. With regard to the more immediate action items (guard contract terms and guard training), the USMS will require that district management conduct a formal review and provide USMS Headquarters with written certification of compliance by April 30, 2004. (b) Requiring that the COTR submit to the contracting officer, along with the contractor evaluation, a list of the district's active contract guards. This list should include identifying information, prior experience, and training. The USMS will instruct district management that formal evaluations and adequate documentation for formal guard company contracts must be maintained in accordance with current contract terms and conditions. Other OIG recommendations in this area will be considered by the USMS guard work group. Estimated Date for Completion of Action - The USMS will require that district management conduct a review of all formal guard company contracts currently in force and provide written certification of compliance with contract terms and conditions by April 30, 2004. (c) Requiring that the COTR evaluations elements be included in the personnel ratings, of USMS. employees assigned as COTRS. All collateral duties are taken in to account when an evaluation is done on an employee.

Near-future forest vulnerability to drought and fire varies across the western United States. Recent prolonged droughts and catastrophic wildfires in the western United States have raised concerns about the potential for forest mortality to impact forest structure, forest ecosystem services, and the economic vitality of communities in the coming decades. We used the Community Land Model (CLM) to determine forest vulnerability to mortality from drought and fire by the year 2049. We modified CLM to represent 13 major forest types in the western United States and ran simulations at a 4-km grid resolution, driven with climate projections from two general circulation models under one emissions scenario (RCP 8.5). We developed metrics of vulnerability to short-term extreme and prolonged drought based on annual allocation to stem growth and net primary productivity. We calculated fire vulnerability based on changes in simulated future area burned relative to historical area burned. Simulated historical drought vulnerability was medium to high in areas with observations of recent drought-related mortality. Comparisons of observed and simulated historical area burned indicate simulated future fire vulnerability could be underestimated by 3% in the Sierra Nevada and overestimated by 3% in the Rocky Mountains. Projections show that water-limited forests in the Rocky Mountains, Southwest, and Great Basin regions will be the most vulnerable to future drought-related mortality, and vulnerability to future fire will be highest in the Sierra Nevada and portions of the Rocky Mountains. High carbon-density forests in the Pacific coast and western Cascades regions are projected to be the least vulnerable to either drought or fire. Importantly, differences in climate projections lead to only 1% of the domain with conflicting low and high vulnerability to fire and no area with conflicting drought vulnerability. Our drought vulnerability metrics could be incorporated as probabilistic mortality rates in earth system models, enabling more robust estimates of the feedbacks between the land and atmosphere over the 21st century.

Development and evaluation of an immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of capsid protein antigen p27 of avian leukosis virus. A rapid immunochromatographic strip for detecting capsid protein antigen p27 of avian leukosis virus was successfully developed based on two high-affinity monoclonal antibodies. The test strip could detect not only 600pg purified recombinant p27 protein but also quantified avian leukosis virus as low as 70 TCID50, which has comparative sensitivity to the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. For the evaluation of this test strip, 1100 samples consisting of cloacal swabs, meconium collected from the earliest stool of one day old chicken and virus isolates were assessed both by the strip and by the commercial ELISA kit. The agreement between these two tests was 93.91%, 93.42% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the strip were also calculated by using the ELISA kit as the standard. This immunochromatographic strip provides advantages of rapid and simple detection of capsid protein antigen p27 of avian leukosis virus, which could be applied as an on-site testing assay and used for control and eradication programs of avian leukosis disease.

1971–72 Divizia B The 1971–72 Divizia B was the 32nd season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system. The format has been maintained to two series, each of them having 16 teams. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A and the last two places from each series relegated to Divizia C. Team changes To Divizia B Promoted from Divizia C Chimia Râmnicu Vâlcea Vulturii Textila Lugoj Metalul Plopeni Chimia Făgăraș Relegated from Divizia A Progresul București CFR Timișoara From Divizia B Relegated to Divizia C Metrom Brașov UM Timișoara Flacăra Moreni Vagonul Arad Promoted to Divizia A ASA Târgu Mureș Crișul Oradea League tables Serie I Serie II See also 1971–72 Divizia A References Category:Liga II seasons Romania 2

Discover how a sustainability degree prepares you for tomorrow’s work environment. Discover how a sustainability degree prepares you for tomorrow’s work environment. I am a future: School of Sustainability Outstanding Graduates 2018 The nation’s first school of sustainability Established in 2006, the School of Sustainability’s mission is to educate a new generation of scholars and practitioners and create innovative modes of scholarship by bringing together leaders, stakeholders, and people from multiple disciplines to develop practical solutions to the most pressing sustainability challenges. The School offers both undergraduate and graduate programs leading to degrees in sustainability at the Tempe and Polytechnic campuses, as well as through ASU Online. When Benjamin Fogg was brainstorming ways to bring sustainability practices to FedEx Ground, a company he began working for after completing his bachelor’s degree in Alabama, he discovered Arizona State University’s Online Master of Sustainability Leadership. Fogg applied to the program at the School of Sustainability, he said, because of its focus on innovation and... School days for Carl Harris were not the routine experience they are for most college students. Harris has been on active duty or reserve status for the U.S. Navy for the past 18 years, with multiple deployments throughout the Middle East. On top of that, Harris earned a bachelor’s degree this month through the online engineering... As the largest university in the country Arizona State University inevitably makes quite a bit of waste. Sure we have a Zero Waste initiative, and we recycle and compost, but there are often items, large and small, that get overlooked. Students are helping to fill the gaps. In spring 2018 a one-credit course was created as... What is sustainability? Sustainability is improving human well-being and ensuring social equity for present and future generations while safeguarding the planet’s life-supporting ecosystems. -Dean of School of Sustainability, Chris Boone

Q: How to include an url in application.html.erb in rails 6? I am trying to add Google Map in my rails app. I followed the guidance link: https://medium.com/@pjbelo/using-google-maps-api-v3-with-rails-5-2-b066a4b2cf14 (But I use rails 6) and I have my code: application.html.erb: <head> <title>GmapTry</title> <%= csrf_meta_tags %> <%= csp_meta_tag %> <%= stylesheet_link_tag 'application', media: 'all', 'data-turbolinks-track': 'reload' %> <%= javascript_pack_tag 'application', 'data-turbolinks-track': 'reload' %> <%= javascript_include_tag 'https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyA7ClwnGU9QTuNhY3DuVqM5K5YbWA7zJsI' %> <%= javascript_pack_tag 'application', 'data-turbolinks-track': 'reload' %> <%= yield(:head_tags) %> </head> <body> <%= yield %> </body> <% provide :head_tags do %> <meta name='turbolinks-visit-control' content='reload'> <script> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(){ initMap(<%=@place.latitude%>, <%=@place.longitude%>) }); </script> <% end %> ... ... <p> <div id="map"></div> </p> places.js function initMap(lat, lng) { var myCoords = new google.maps.LatLng(lat, lng); var mapOptions = { center: myCoords, zoom: 14 }; var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), mapOptions); } application.js require("@rails/ujs").start() require("turbolinks").start() require("@rails/activestorage").start() require("channels") require("gmaps/google") require("packs/places") Actually when I followed the first step to show the static map, it works well like: but when I go to next step with js, nothing shows up now. Anybody knows why? In rails 6, is there anything wrong to write %= javascript_include_tag 'https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyA7ClwnGU9QTuNhY3DuVqM5K5YbWA7zJsI' %in application.html.erb? A: Every maps tutorial I have seen leads to a dead end of inline script tags and globals when its actually really pretty easy to do the job "the right way". Just use an element with data attributes to pass information from the view to your JavaScript: <%= content_tag :div, "", class: 'google-maps-widget', # call it whatever you want data: { lat: @place.latitude, lng: @place.longitude } %> You can ideally DRY this code into a helper method. Then just setup an event handler that loads the map on the initial page load or when turbolinks refreshes the page. document.addEventListener("turbolinks:load", function(){ // find the maps on the page let maps = document.querySelectorAll(".google-maps-widget"); // loop through the maps maps.forEach(function(element){ let data = element.dataset; if (!data.initialized) { let map = new google.maps.Map(element, { // you can just use a object literal instead center: { lat: data.lat, lng: data.lng }, // lets you override the inital zoom zoom: data.zoom || 14 }); // This keeps the element from being re-initialized // if turbolinks persists it element.dataset.initialized = "true"; } }); }); If you want to add a bunch of markers to the map you can either just add a bunch of elements inside the <div class="google-maps-widget"... element: <div class="google-maps-widget" ... > <div class="marker hidden" data-lng="1" data-lng="2">My Favorite spot</div> ... <end> You would then parse these out when initializing the map. Or you add a data attribute to the map element with a URI where you can fetch the markers via AJAX.

Much at stake Nottingham Forest manager Dougie Freedman believes it’s important for his players to ‘understand what’s at stake’ for both sides in Wednesday’s match against Rotherham. The Reds welcome their South Yorkshire opponents to The City Ground for a match that could sway the fortunes of both sides at their respective ends of the Sky Bet Championship table. Forest will be looking to narrow the gap between themselves and the top six, while Rotherham are desperate for points to inch themselves away from the relegation zone. And Freedman believes his players must appreciate the Millers’ predicament if they are to beat them. The manager told Forest Player: “We’ve got to be patient and understand what’s at stake for them as well as us. “They’re under a little bit of pressure because they lost on Saturday, so we need to make sure we keep that on them. “They’ll come out of the traps very quickly, as Steve Evans’ teams normally do, and they’ll make sure they play the ball in certain areas, squeeze the pitch as much as they can and play in our half. “We need to make sure we put as much pressure on them as possible with our game plan. We have to ask them questions, and hopefully they can’t answer them.” Freedman has been without Matty Fryatt and Dorus de Vries in recent matches. When asked for an update on Fryatt, he said: “His Achilles is very tight and he can only play one of these two games, Rotherham or Norwich. I’m going to make a decision tomorrow on which one he’ll play for us.

February 18, 1999 12:00 AM (EST) News Release Number: STScI-1999-06 Hubble Finds More Evidence of Galactic Cannibalism February 18, 1999: This beautiful, eerie silhouette of dark dust clouds against the glowing nucleus of the elliptical galaxy NGC 1316 may represent the aftermath of a 100-million-year-old cosmic collision between the elliptical and a smaller companion galaxy. Hubble's superb resolution has enabled the identification of a class of small and very faint star clusters in this galaxy's central region. Many of these clusters are so small that they are barely held together by the mutual gravity of their constituent stars. Though such clusters are common in spiral galaxies like our Milky Way, they have rarely been seen in elliptical galaxies. The astronomers conclude that these clusters are among the last visible remains of a galaxy that was cannibalized by NGC 1316.

Q: jQuery validate groups of radiobuttons I'm currently having a headache trying to figure this one out. I have a set of radiobuttons where three radiobuttons belongs to a question. It's basically a survey where you are able to choose answer A, B or C per question. What I want to do is to make sure that the user has selected either A, B or C for every group of radiobuttons. This should prevent the form submitting when there's an unanswered question. So basically the layout is as follows: Question: What day is it today? [A] [B] [C] A) Monday B) Sunday C) Wedensday [ ] [ ] [ ] I have made sure that each of the radiobuttons has the same unique id (well, the name attribute in this case) as their parent td's ID attribute, to be able to "group" radiobuttons that way. Has anyone done this before and are willing to share how you did it? :-) Would be greatly appreciated! Thanks in advance, Bo A: To ensure a radio button is selected for a group using jquery: if( $('input[name=groupName]').is(':checked') ){//do something}. From this post: Radio button selected?. this is a good tutorial for details on jquery form validation techniques. http://webcloud.se/log/Form-validation-with-jQuery-from-scratch/

Coordination of deglutitive glottic closure with oropharyngeal swallowing. The goals of this study were to quantify the temporal relationship between swallow-induced glottic closure and (a) signals of swallow initiation, such as hyoid bone movement, tongue base movement, and mylohyoid electrical activity; (b) pharyngeal peristalsis; (c) laryngeal elevation; (d) vestibular closure; and (e) oropharyngeal barium bolus transit. Eight normal subjects (age 20-30 yr) were studied by concurrent transnasal video laryngoscopy, pharyngeal intraluminal manometry, and submental surface electromyography. The manometric, electromyographic, and both video recordings were synchronized with one another using a specially designed event marker. Dry, 5-ml water, and 5-ml barium swallows were recorded. Frame-by-frame analysis of the video endoscopic recordings showed that deglutitive laryngeal kinetics consisted of vocal cord adduction associated with transverse approximation of the arytenoids followed by vertical approximation of arytenoids to the base of the epiglottis followed by laryngeal ascent and epiglottic descent. Onset of swallow-induced vocal cord adduction preceded the onset of hyoid bone movement, base of the tongue movement, and submental surface myoelectric activity by 0.33 +/- 0.04 (SE) s, 0.31 +/- 0.04 s, and 0.38 +/- 0.04 s, respectively. Onset of vocal cord adduction also preceded the initiation of peristalsis in the nasopharynx and its propagation to oropharynx and upper esophageal sphincter by 0.64 +/- 0.05 s, 0.82 +/- 0.05 s, and 1.08 +/- 0.04 s, respectively. The time between the onset of vocal cord adduction and their return to full opening was 2.2 +/- 0.09 s. It was concluded that (a) among events evaluated, vocal cord adduction is the initial event during the swallowing sequence; (b) laryngeal kinetics during deglutition have distinctive features, and their close coordination with other swallowing events suggests that they are an essential feature of the swallowing program; and (c) abnormal laryngeal kinetics or lack of coordination between the glottic closure mechanism and oropharyngeal bolus transport may have an important role in swallow-induced aspiration.

Experience with wood lamp illumination and digital photography in the documentation of bruises on human skin. Bruising is very common in children. Examination of bruising can guide the clinician in ordering radiographic imaging studies of children who have suffered trauma. Additionally, bruising in infants and patterns of bruising that do not match the injury scenario offered by caretakers can raise the suspicion of abuse. This article reports preliminary experience with Wood lamp enhancement of faint bruises and visualization of bruises that are not visible. It describes the method for digital photography of bruises visualized in this way. Finally, it suggests future applications and areas of further study.

The Different Kinds of CMM Equipment Available Coordinate Measuring Machines, known commonly as CMMs, have been greatly improved in the last few years. These devices play an important role in the advancement of automation.While the function of CMM equipment is largely the same—to assess the precise dimensions and surface area of whatever tools and materials with ahigh degree of accuracy—there are different kinds of CMM devices, each of which is designed to meet specific industrial needs. Here is an introduction to the different kinds of CMM equipment available on the market today. Types of Coordinate Measuring Machine: Bridge: Perhaps the most common CMM equipment is known as a “bridge” model. It allows probe movement along three axes. Each axis has a sensor that monitors the position of the probe on that axis down to the nanometre. They are popular because of their basic structure, relatively low cost, and the fact that they come in a variety of different sizes. Portable CMMs: These are also very common because they are inexpensive, butthey are also rugged and accurate and, as the description suggests, portable. The portable arm with integrated scanning system allows inspection on the shop floor(usually using white light or a laser system) whichcollects thousands of data points every second, and can reverse engineer blueprints from already existing parts. These factors make it ideal for sheet metal, plastic injection molded components, models, and complex dye work. There are several different kinds of portable CMM available. Click here to learn about the latest portable CMM equipment on the market today. Gantry: When you have very large or heavy parts that need the precision of a bridge machine, a Gantry CMM machine is what’s required. Most gantry machines need to be mounted to the floor to provide extra support, but once in operation they can provide detailed measurements for the kind of large, complex parts often required by the aerospace and automotive industries. Cantilever: This is a design that’s been around since the 1970s. Today, not many are manufactured. The cantilever CMM is used to measure small parts. It’s used most effectively on a shop floor because it’s well suited for automatic loading and unloading. Looking at cantilevered furniture can help you imagine the positioning and the design of the arm on this piece of CMM equipment. Horizontal Arm: This type of CMM equipment is of a different configuration than the rest. One vertical column and a horizontal arm are mounted to a saddle that runs up and down the vertical column. There are two different types of Horizontal Arm, “plate mounted” and “two runway mounted.” While they are the least accurate type of CMM, they have some distinct advantages. For one, they can measure large sheet-metal type components associated with automobiles, such as body sides, dashboards, doors, and more. Automation shows no signs of slowing down, and CMMs are becoming more common. Selecting a CMM is an important choice for your business, and one that needs to be based on quite technical information.Talk to a specialist today to make sure you get the machine best suited to meeting all your company’s needs.

Player Guide: A Beginner's Guide to Playing Poker Get some chips and find a table, I’d start out on the $1-$2 blind tables to begin with., you get around 1000 free chips every day so you will get a good number of hands with those chips at that level. Blinds!!! What is this game going to do to me? Don’t panic! Nobody is going to be going blind. Texas Hold'em is a game about gambling. You get up to 9 people at a table with a certain amount of chips to gamble. It would be no fun at all if players could just sit there hand after hand and not put any chips in the pot until they got good hole cards. So we have things called blinds, these are mandatory bets that have to be paid in to play a hand, the player to the immediate left of the dealer is the Small Blind (SB), the player to his left is the Big Blind (BB). Each table has a certain blind value attached to it, the SB is always exactly half the BB. After each hand is won the Big Blind moves one player to the left and drags the Small Blind and dealer button one place left with it. Note that this means for every go (orbit) round a table of 9 players you will have to pay a minimum of 1.5BB The hand has started, I’m not in a blind position, but I've put in a BB bet. is this a bug? No, in an attempt to stop ungamesmanly behaviour Zynga implemented a rule whereby you MUST post a BB bet whenever you sit down at the table, this was to stop people standing up before becoming the big blind and sitting back down in a seat where they would not have to pay it. I have my hole cards what now? Look at your hole cards, are they any good? To begin with it is probably better to stick to premium cards, What are premium cards? High pocket pairs ( anything above a pair of 10s) or two face cards (J, Q, K, A) especially if they are of the same suit. Premium cards are considered as playable until you learn from experience when to fold them Super premium cards are AA KK and AK suited and should almost always be played I’ve got premium cards. Lets get this thing going. This is the pre-flop betting stage. The person directly to the left of the BB (Under the Gun) acts first. they have to decide, based on their hole cards, whether to fold their hand(no cost) call the BB (costs the BB) or make a bet, (usually a multiple of the BB). After doing this, play (action) moves to the player to his left who can either fold, call the current value of the bet or raise. This continues clockwise, when it gets to your turn you have to decide whether your hole cards are worth playing or not. Lets be honest here, as a new player you are going to lose more than you win and rely on a lot of luck until you build up some experience. If you have premium cards and nobody else at the table has made a very high raise you should call any raises. If you have super premium cards then you should raise. if you don't have premium or super premium cards...fold. The pre-flop stage ends when all players have either folded or have put equal amounts into the pot. At which time all the bets are collected into the centre of the table and the flop is dealt. The Flop. Three cards will be dealt face up on the table, compare these with the cards in your hand. Have you hit anything? Hit anything! Blinds! Under the Gun! Are you sure this isn’t a bloodsport? LOL. No. Hitting something on the flop means that your hole cards have matched up with the three cards on the table. For instance if you have a pair of Jacks in your hand and a J or two have come down on the table you have hit trips or quads. If you had JA in the hole and K Q 10 come down then you have hit an Ace high straight. If you had Two hearts in the hole and three hearts come down then you have hit a flush. If you have Q J in your hand and a Q and a J come down then you have hit two pair. The flop came down but I haven’t hit anything should I fold? Maybe. There are still another 2 cards to come remember. Look at your five cards, do you have 4 cards that could make a straight if the right fifth card comes down? Have cards come down that could make a flush if another of the same comes out? Do you have two higher cards in your hole than have come down on the flop? Have you got a pocket pair which is higher than the three cards on the table? The flop came down and I've hit something...what should I do? That depends. Look at the list of hand rankings from earlier in this guide, where on that list is your current hand? The lower down the list the better the hand you have and the more you should consider raising. The higher up the list the weaker the hand and the more you should consider simply checking and seeing what other players do. As you play more hands and gain in confidence and experience you can consider bluffing, semi-bluffing, trapping and slow playing (topics for a further guide I think) for now I would say if you have a straight or higher, raise. if you have lower simply call. I think I should raise...how much should I raise by? That is the million dollar question and one which even the most experienced players ask themselves in every hand. In general after the flop you should raise by multiples of the pot, either half pot or full pot or twice the pot, depending on how strong your hand is. But you should also look at what is on the table and see whether what you have in your hand could be beaten, for instance if you have trips and there are three hearts on the table, then you could be up against a flush. if three cards of different suits are there but they are linked in a way that someone could have a straight i.e. if 2 3 4 or 3 5 6 are on the board. If you have trips after the flop you might want to raise by a lot to try and scare off players from chasing a straight, or you might want to raise by a little to try and get more chips in the pot from more players but run the risk of losing the hand. It is called gambling for a reason. When you have a thousand hands under your belt you get a feel for the cards and the hand strength and will make better decisions. for now stick to calling or raising based on the strength of what you have. Someone else has raised, what do I do? How much have they raised by? if it is just by a couple of blinds and you have top pair or better then you should call it. if it is more than a couple of blinds and you have trips or better then call it. if it is more than a pot and you have a flush or better you should call it. if you don't have those then you should fold. if you have a full house or better in any of those circumstances then you should raise over the top of them. What happens when I fold? you sit out the rest of the hand you lose all the chips you have put into the pot and you wait until the next hand begins, it should take no more than a couple of minutes. OK, I have called and nobody else has raised. what happens now? Now the turn card is dealt and the betting begins again. look again at what you have and what is on the table and consider what other cards might be out there to make a better hand than you have at the moment and raise , call or fold accordingly. After this the river comes down, you now have all 7 cards and should know what hand you have, there is another round of betting and after that the player left in with the best hand wins. What if I raise and all the other players fold? Then you win the pot, well done. I won the hand. What now? Well done, you win all the chips in the pot and the next hand is dealt and the process begins all over again By now you will have encountered a few times where two or more players have the same strength hand so I will go into more detail about the winning order within each group. High Card: If no players left in the hand at the end have hit anything then the winner will be the player with the highest card. i.e. if player 1 has K 2 and player 2 has Q J then player 1 would win as a king beats a Queen. The pot can be split if both players have the same hole cards or if the cards in the community are higher than both players hole cards. Pair: If two, or more, players have a pair then the player with the highest pair wins the hand. i.e. if Player 1 has a Pair of 6 and Player 2 has a pair of 8 then player 2 would win. if both players have the same pair then the hand would be won by the player that has the higher kicker. What is a kicker? A kicker is a way of differentiating otherwise equal hands, it comes into play when the highest strength hand is a pair, 2 pair, trips, quads and after a fashion in flushes. Kickers do not come into play with straights, full houses or straight flushes. The kickers are the highest cards not taking part in the strength of the hand. You know that Texas Hold'em is a 5 card from 7 game. Every hand is made up of 5 cards. SO in quads and 2 pair hands there is 1 kicker, in trips there are up to 2 kickers in pairs there are up to 3 kickers. usually only the first kicker will be needed. for instance if player 1 has A 10 in their hand player 2 has A J in their hand and the community is A 3 4 7 9 then the actual hand that each player holds is Player 1 A A 10 9 7 Player 2 A A J 9 7 both players have a pair of Aces but player 2 has the higher kicker with a J If the community had been A 3 4 7 K then both players would have had a pair of Aces with a King kicker but the J in player 2's hand would have won the hand. so for example AA 5 4 3 beats KK Q J A 33 K 2 A beats 33 Q J 10 55 K 6 7 beats 55 K 3 2 AA K J 9 beats AA K J 4 2 Pair: If two players have two pair the winner is the one with the highest pair, if they both have the same high pair the one with the highest second pair wins, if they both have the same two pair then the highest player with the highest kicker wins the hand. if they have exactly the same 5 cards then the pot is split. i.e. AA334 beats KKQQJ AA772 beats AA22Q AAKK6 beats AAKK2 Trips: If two players have three of a kind then the winner is the one with the highest three of a kind, If they have the same three of a kind it goes to the player with the highest kicker, If they have the same highest Kicker then the one with the highest second Kicker wins, if they have the same highest two cards then the pot is split i.e. 99956 beats 333KA 444K6 beats 444QJ 444K9 beats 444K7 Straight If two people have a straight the winner is the one with the highest straight, if they have the same highest card in the straight then the pot is split i.e. 10JQKA beats A2345 Flush: If two people have a flush then the one with the highest card in the flush wins, if they both have the same highest card it goes to the one with the highest second card in the flush, if they have the same second highest card, it goes to the player with the highest third card, and so on till a split pot if the five highest cards in the flush are in the community when it becomes a split pot i.e. A6432 hearts beats KQ432 hearts AK945 spades beats AQ945 spades A K 10 9 6 beats A K 8 9 6 and so on Full House: If two players have full houses it goes to the player with the highest trips, if they have the same trips it goes to the player with the highest two of a kind, if the players have the same trips and pair then it is a split pot 66655 beats 55566 666AA beats 666KK Quads: If two players have quads, the pot goes to the one with the highest quads, if they have the same quads, then it goes to the player with the highest kicker, if they both have the same highest card not involved in the quad then the pot is split. 66662 beats 44446 3333A beats 3333K Straight Flush: If two players have a straight flush then it is won by the player with the highest card in the straight it would only be a split pot if the straight flush was in the community cards. 98765 hearts beats 87654 hearts. Royal Flush If you are lucky enough to get a royal flush then you can't be beaten. If the Royal Flush is in the community then the pot will be split between all players left in the hand OK...fairly sure I've already commented on this, Star. Probably fell off when it was moved and stickied. :)I wouldn't say Auntie Deb was clumsy, but last time she called to horse-whip me for an infraction, she slightly misjudged her landing and took out the hen-coop in a whirling, shrieking somersault of splintered wood, whirring chickens and about a gallon and a half of chicken muck...hadn't got round to changing the straw, yet, that morning... She wasn't best pleased, sitting there with her broken broomstick...and the catapulted eggs, responding to gravity's call, didn't help improve her dishevelled appearance when they landed. It's been 3 months and my best layer is still quivering and non-productive. Just sits there staring at the sky with a look of frozen horror on its little face. Oh, yes...that's what I said. Good job, mate and more power to your elbow. *Note: All my other descriptive words for your little gem of a guide are apparently against the TOS of this site...* I'll just go back to handing out the pitchforks and burning torches, now.... By now you've got a few hundred hands under your belt and are quite familiar with the hand strengths and are getting to grips with the kicker concept. But you have probably encountered split pots and side pots and wondered how the heck that player with two pair walked off with part of the pot when you clearly had a straight or a flush. The answer to that is side pots and it can be quite confusing. It is responsible for the vast majority of posts on the forum regarding payouts to the 'wrong hand' SO tell me about split pots. These are straight forward enough. If 2 or more players share EXACTLY the same hand then whatever is in the pot gets split equally between them. SO if the pot is 3000 chips and 3 players are left in after the river all with 2 pair Q and J with an A kicker, then each of the wins 1000 chips. In real life, any chips left over that cant be equally divided between the players get automatically given to the player to the right of the dealer. but in Zynga you can end up with fractions of chips. for instance if player1 is the small blind, player 2 is the dealer and player 3 is in another position and a pot of 5000 chips is split between them, then in Zynga all players would get 1666.66 chips, In real life players 2 and 3 would get 1666 chips and player 1 would get 1668. Side pots. This is more complicated but really quite elementary when you think about it. When you bet into the pot other players who want to play have to cover your bet, or you have to cover their bets, before you can move on to the next card being dealt. Often, one or more players will not have enough chips in front of them to cover the current bet. Perhaps someone will go all in, but other players who are in the hand want to raise by a higher amount. for instance Player1 has 1000 chips PLayer2 has 1500 chips player 3 has 250 chips player 4 has 3000 chips How the hand goes player1 (P1) has got trips with the middle card on the flop so wants to raise by 500 chips. Player 2 has 2 pair and wants to simply call, the pot is now 1000 chips. P3 however has got a full house but cannot cover the 500 chip bet as they only have 250 chips. what they do is go all in with 250 chips. This creates two pots, a main pot which any player can win which is capped at the value of 250 chips from each player in the hand so this pot currently has 750 chips in it. there is now a side pot with 500 chips in it which can only be won by P1 or P2. P3 takes no further part in the betting in this hand. Player 4 has a straight draw and flat calls the 500 bet. so 250 chips from that goes into the main pot to cover P3's all in and 250 goes into the side pot to cover the 500 chip bet from P1. at the end of this round of betting we have P1 with 500 chips P2 with 1000 P3 with 0 (as they went all-in) P4 with 2500 and a main pot of 1000 chips and a side pot of 750 chips after the turn card P1 still has their middle trips but has a possible flush draw so raises all in themselves a 500 chip raise P2 still has their top 2 pair so calls the 500 chip raise P4 has hit their straight and raises all in when P4 tries to raise they will find that even though they have 2500 chips in front of them they can only raise to 1000 chips as that is the highest that any other player in the hand has left. P2 decides that 2 pair is not going to win this hand and so folds What has happened to the pots and blinds? so, from before we have a main pot of 1000 chips that any of players 1,2,3 or 4 could win we also had a side pot of 750 chips that only P1 P2 or P4 could win. P1 bet 500 chips, (all of this goes in the side pot as it is over and above everything that P3 had) P2 called, putting another 500 chips in the side pot. P4 raised to 1000, the first 500 of this goes in the side pot, but P1 cannot cover this bet so the final 500 goes into a second side pot which only P2 and P4 could win. P2 folded. We now have a main pot of 1000 chips (which P1,P3 and P4 can win) a first side pot with 2250 chips in (which P1 and P4 can win) and a second side pot which only P4 has put into and only they can win. All players in the hand are either all in or have covered the all in bets so we get the river River the river card gives Player 1 a flush Player 2 is out P3 has a full house P4 has a straight winnings distributed so we start to dish out the pots. The side pots are always given out first in order from last to first, then the main pot is given out. In this case the second side pot of 500 chips can only be won by P4 with their straight the first side pot can be won by P4 or P1, P1 has a flush so wins the 2250 chips the main pot can be won by P1,P3 or P4, P3 has the full house and wins the 1000 chips. You can have as many side pots as their are players in a hand and you do not necessarily have to have the best hand at a table to win a side pot. This is useful to remember if there are a lot of players at the table with short stacks of chips Side pots can also be split if the players involved have the same best 5 cards. Hit anything! Blinds! Under the Gun! Are you sure this isn’t a bloodsport? LOL. No. Hitting something on the flop means that your hole cards have matched up with the three cards on the table. For instance if you have a pair of Jacks in your hand and a J or two have come down on the table you have hit trips or quads. If you had JA in the hole and K Q 10 come down then you have hit a King high straight. If you had Two hearts in the hole and three hearts come down then you have hit a flush. If you have Q J in your hand and a Q and a J come down then you have hit two pair. How do you leave the table? For example, I am in a game right now with $4,500 or so with me at the table, $5,500 overall, and I think the buy in was $200 for the game. How much do I lose if I "go to the lobby"? All $4,500? Just the $200 I got in with? How do you leave the table? For example, I am in a game right now with $4,500 or so with me at the table, $5,500 overall, and I think the buy in was $200 for the game. How much do I lose if I "go to the lobby"? All $4,500? Just the $200 I got in with? if you leave the table before round starts you lose noting, if you leave the table and round started and you posted big blind or small blind then you have lost those (as same as folding) if you dident had to place blinds and leave then you lose noting (again same as fold) if you leave table in middle of a round and you placed bets then you have automatic folded and lose all bets Poker is a card game. No, really it is. Where the aim is to make the best 5 card hand and win something for it (chips, matchsticks, cash, clothes, whatever takes your fancy). There are lots of different types of poker and even more ways to win at it. The variant played on Zynga is called Texas Hold’em. I'd contest that the aim of the game is to win as much "money" from your opponents as you possibly can. the 'hole cards' and '5 community cards' along with rounds of betting and sequence of action are the framework within which that aim can be achieved. The pot is what this game is all about. The pot is the place that you and all the other players gamble your chips into, it is not enough to win a hand with the best cards, you need to get as many chips out of your opponents as you can. There can be side pots and split pots but I’ll get to them later on i would rather say that the pot is where the money from all previous betting rounds is pooled into. that money becomes 'the pot'. It can be won by the best 5-card hand at showdown (after the river), or if every other player surrenders (folds at any time). other than that it looks keen to my eye. good luck in the future star star moon The play Now button automatically seats you at a ring game table so that you're playing right away. The Holdem Tables button lets you pick a ring game table and the stakes. The Sitngo button lets you buy in to a 9 player sitngo with the buy in you select (sometimes lol). Everyone starts with 1000 chips and the blinds start at 10/20 but periodically increase. The Shootout button lets you play shootouts which are almost the same thing as sitngos. The difference is that there are 3 rounds and you have to win each round to move to the next. You get 2,000 chips for winning round 1, 15,000 chips for winning round 2, and 500,000 chips for winning round 3. A shootout costs 2,000 chips to play. Thank you! I guess Zynga assumes that any Hold'em player will already know about these various tournament types, which are new to me. Your explanation is going to be very helpful to others googling for "Shootout vs sitngo" etc.

439 P.2d 50 (1968) Robert E. CROWE, Helen K. Mueller, Eldon L. Cull, Lorraine P. Crowe, Robert Ferguson, Donna M. Ferguson, and William C. Russell, Jr., on behalf of themselves and all other persons similarly situated, Plaintiffs in Error, v. Beverly WHEELER, Neal Pine, Robert Crow, Charles A. Anderson, Jr., Dowell Blake, Morris Steen and Mildred Blake, individually and as members of the Board of Education of Gilpin County School District No. RE-1, in the County of Gilpin, State of Colorado; F. Morgan Gray, individually and as the County Clerk and Recorder of Gilpin County, State of Colorado; and Gilpin County School District No. RE-1 Gilpin County, Colorado, a body Corporate, Defendants in Error. No. 22371. Supreme Court of Colorado, En Banc. March 25, 1968. *51 Albert B. Dawkins and Robert E. Holland, Denver, Richard D. Gilson, Golden, for plaintiffs in error. John W. Lentz, Englewood, Raymond J. Cody, Arvada, for defendants in error. HODGES, Justice. Alleging that conflicting opinions had been circulated regarding the qualifications required of voters at a school bond election scheduled for December 18, 1965, the plaintiffs in error on December 14, 1965 filed a complaint and petition seeking an injunction against proceeding with the election and also a declaratory judgment defining the voting qualifications. This school bond election had been called by School District No. RE-1 of Gilpin County, Colorado. The plaintiffs described themselves in their complaint and petition as "potential voters" and representative of a class so numerous as to make it impracticable to bring them all before the court. They alleged that uncertainty and confusion has resulted from the conflicting opinions, including two by attorneys, causing a situation where "persons who may be entitled to vote at said election will be disfranchised and persons who may not be entitled to vote at said election will, nevertheless, cast ballots thereat and the election and the bonds issued pursuant thereto will be void." Two examples of the conflicting opinions of the two attorneys were attached as exhibits to the complaint and petition. The opinion of one of the attorneys was incorporated in an article captioned "Vote Qualifications and Information" in a local newspaper published December 13, 1965. The other opinion was set forth in a letter directed to the Superintendent of Schools of Gilpin County. As to this opinion, there is no indication from the pleadings or attached exhibits whether it in any way was exposed to general scrutiny. The variance between these two opinions involves an interpretation of who is a "qualified taxpaying elector" in a school bond election. The attorney opinion contained in the newspaper article stated in substance that a purchaser of real property in possession under a contract of sale, who is obligated thereunder to pay the taxes, and is otherwise qualified to vote, may vote. The other attorney opinion stated such a person is not qualified to vote. A judicial determination of this question is not required by the issues presented by this writ of error. This, however, is an issue in Russell v. Wheeler, No. 22270, Colo., 439 P.2d 43, announced simultaneously with this opinion which case involves an election contest pertaining to this same election. In this companion case, we hold that such a purchaser of real property in possession under a contract of sale is not included within the definition of "qualified taxpaying elector" as this term is defined in 1965 Perm.Supp., C.R.S.1963, 123-11-1 (4). The trial court, after a hearing, refused to enjoin the election which was held as scheduled and resulted in a vote favoring the issuance of the bonds. The trial court, however, did order the defendants to answer on the merits of the complaint as it pertains to the declaratory judgment relief requested. Rather than answer, however, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint and petition on the grounds, among others, of failure to state a claim, and more specifically, on the ground that the issue is moot because the election had been held. This motion to dismiss was sustained by the trial court on the grounds of "failure to state a claim upon which relief can be *52 granted in that the matters alleged therein are moot." Plaintiffs bring this writ of error claiming the trial court erred in granting the defendants' motion to dismiss the complaint and petition. The trial court's refusal to enjoin the holding of the election on December 18, 1965 does not appear to have been made a major issue by the plaintiffs who thrust their sole arguments against the trial court's refusal to proceed with the action and enter a declaratory judgment. However, because of the nature of the allegations which appear to cast somewhat of an overtone of invalidity upon the holding of this election, we deem it necessary to briefly comment on the trial court's refusal to enjoin the holding of the school bond election on December 18, 1965. In our view, the trial court was correct in denying the injunction. Nothing was alleged in the complaint and petition which could be considered as a justifiable basis for enjoining the holding of the election as scheduled. The general allegation about conflicting opinions as to those qualified to vote and that these opinions might cause some to vote who are not qualified, or might cause a qualified voter to stay away from the polling place, is so speculative as to be no warrant whatsoever for enjoining the election. In the complaint, it is alleged merely that "some persons" may be affected by the purported uncertainty and confusion. There are no allegations presented in the complaint and petition which have the semblance of indicating that any mandatory requirement of law had been violated by the defendants, or that any illegal procedures or fraudulent practices by the defendants or any one else had been committed which would make it unlikely that the true will and purpose of the voters would be expressed. Only allegations of this nature in our view constitute a sound basis for injunctive orders to stop an election. Kelly v. Novey, 136 Colo. 408, 318 P.2d 214 generally expresses this rule in a case where contestors sought unsuccessfully to invalidate an election for members of the board of education. An action to enjoin the holding of a scheduled election, like an action to invalidate an election already held, must be brought on the basis that the required election procedures or the conduct of the election has been contaminated to the extent that the true will of the voting public may not be reflected, or that a statutory requirement has not been substantially complied with by those responsible for calling, scheduling, and conducting the election. Did the trial court commit error in dismissing the complaint and petition for declaratory judgment after the election in question had been held as scheduled? Our examination of this record and particularly, the allegations of the complaint and petition leads but to one conclusion, which we deem to be clearly obvious. This conclusion is that the trial court properly dismissed the complaint and petition. No purpose would have been served by a declaratory judgment on voter qualifications for an election already completed. At this point, the plaintiffs' remedy as provided by statute was to contest the election, which procedures had, in fact, already been initiated by several of the same plaintiffs. C.R.S.1963, 77-11-2 prescribes who may obtain a declaratory judgment. It provides: "Any person interested under a deed, will, written contract or other writings constituting a contract, or whose rights, status or other legal relations are affected by a statute, municipal ordinance, contract or franchise, may have determined any question of construction or validity arising under the instrument, statute, ordinance, contract or franchise and obtain a declaration of rights, status or other legal relations thereunder." *53 Under this statutory authority and R.C.P. Colo. 57, a judicial tribunal is not required to render a judicial opinion on a matter which has become moot. In this case, a judicial opinion would not serve to terminate any controversy or put to an end any uncertainty, which for the purpose of the instant complaint and petition, evaporated when the election was concluded. Under these circumstances, the trial court had no alternative other than to dismiss the complaint and petition. A case is moot when a judgment, if rendered will have no practical legal effect upon an existing controversy, and we add that as we view the complaint and petition, there is no justiciable controversy alleged as between the plaintiffs and the defendants. See Sigma Chi Fraternity v. Regents of University of Colorado, D.C., 258 F.Supp. 515 and Elliott v. City of Fort Collins, 135 Colo. 558, 313 P.2d 316. The plaintiffs devote considerable space in their briefs to an alleged deficiency in the published election notice. The defendants state that such an issue was not properly before either the trial court nor before this court on writ of error, since no such issue is recognizable from the allegations of the plaintiffs' complaint and petition. We agree with the defendants. Plaintiffs' complaint and petition is devoid of any allegation attacking the published election notice; and furthermore, there is no claim that defendants, or any one of them, had violated any of the statutory requirements pertaining to this election notice. It is obvious the plaintiffs are attempting to make this an issue here as an afterthought. We must therefore ignore it, noting however, that in the companion case of Russell v. Wheeler, No. 22270, Colo., 439 P.2d 43, announced this same date, the adequacy of the published election notice is determined. The trial court properly dismissed the plaintiffs' complaint and petition for a declaratory judgment. Judgment affirmed.

Needling-revision of failed filtering blebs. To investigate the efficacy and safety of needling-revision of failed blebs after trabeculectomy. A retrospective chart review of 28 eyes of 28 patients who underwent a trabeculectomy with subsequent needling-revision between January 2002 and December 2003. The mean follow-up was 15 months after the first needling-revision. All interventions were conducted by the same surgeon. Absolute success was defined as an IOP <18 mmHg without medication or as an IOP reduction > 20% without medication if the preoperative IOP was < or = 21 mmHg. Relative success was defined as meeting these criteria with or without medication. The mean interval between trabeculectomy and the first needling-revision was 5 months. Repeated needling-revision (up to 3 times) was performed as clinically necessary. In 90% of the needling-revisions 5-FU was used to prevent postoperative fibrosis. The mean +/- SD IOP before needling-revision and at the last follow-up was respectively 24.7 +/- 6 and 15.7 +/- 3 mmHg (p<0.001) Needling-revision was an absolute success in 39% (11/28) and a relative success in 68% (19/28). Minor complications attributed to needling-revision occurred in 32% including self reabsorbing subconjunctival bleeding (1), filamental (1) and punctate keratitis (1), transient choroidal effusion (3), wound leak (4) and hyphaema (2). Progression of cataract occurred in 1 patient. A serious complication occurred in 1 case (hypotony with persistent macular oedema). Bleb needling-revision can prevent more invasive intervention in a significant number of patients with failed trabeculectomy blebs. Complications are similar to those seen after trabeculectomy.

Rawa Badak Selatan South Rawa Badak (Rawa Badak Selatan in Indonesian) is administrative village (kelurahan in Indonesian) at Koja subdistrict, North Jakarta. The zip code of this administrative village is 14230. Toponomy and history The name of Rawa Badak possibly derived from Sundanese word rawa badag, which the mean is the wide swamp. In the eastern of Jakarta (the former name is Batavia), when this administrative village lies, were the wide swamp in the early time. South Rawa Badak is the separation of former Rawa Badak administrative village, according to Governor Decree (Surat Keputusan Gubernur Propinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) Number 1251 of 1986. Referensi Category:Administrative villages in Jakarta

Herbal formula FBD extracts prevented brain injury and inflammation induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. The aim of this work was to verify neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of FBD, a herbal formula composed of Poria cocos, Atractylodes macrocephala and Angelica sinensis, in ICR mice subjected to repetitive 10 min of common carotid arteries occlusion followed 24 h reperfusion. Intragastrical pretreatment with supercritical carbon dioxide extract (FBD-CO(2), 37.5 mg/kg) twice daily for 3.5 d, significantly reduced Evans Blue influx, neuron specific enolase (NSE) efflux, brain infarction (all p<0.05), also inhibited polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) infiltration (p<0.001), suppressed secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in blood (p<0.05), interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-8 in brain (both p<0.01), and down-regulated cerebral expression of phosphor-IkappaB-alpha and phosphor-nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB), whether coupled with aqueous extract (FBD-H(2)O, 150 mg/kg) or not. Moreover, FBD-CO(2) (0.1-10 microg/ml) inhibited 0.1 microM phorbol myristate acetate-evoked oxidative burst in rat PMNs, 20 ng/ml TNF-alpha-triggered PMNs adhesion to ECV304 endothelial cells, and PMNs neurotoxicity to PC12 neuron-like cells as well as NSE release (IC(50) 1.30, 0.98, 0.24 and 0.82 microg/ml, respectively). Our study demonstrated that FBD-CO(2) prevented brain ischemia/reperfusion injury, at least in part, by limiting PMNs infiltration and neurotoxicity mediated by TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-8, via inhibition on NF-kappaB activation.

Petrous apex effusion: a clinical disorder. Petrous apex fluid accumulations without evidence of acute infection are routinely managed as "leave alone lesions" without potential morbidity. Are petrous apex fluid accumulations (effusions) in the absence of acute infection always asymptomatic without the need for treatment? If petrous apex effusions can produce symptoms separate from acute infections, what are the clinical outcomes in these patients? Retrospective clinical review. A retrospective record review of 31 patients presenting with petrous apex effusions was performed with recording of clinical characteristics, interventions, and outcomes. Eighteen of the 31 patients had clinical symptoms referable to the petrous apex effusion with the following characteristics: indolent and previous infections (4), hearing loss (3), headache and pressure alone (8), facial spasms (1), and positional vertigo (2). Overall, 5 of 18 symptomatic patients resolved with antibiotics, steroids, or positioning maneuvers. Three of five infracochlear drainages produced symptom resolution. Three of four patients undergoing retrolabyrinthine drainage had symptom resolution, and four of seven middle fossa drainages yielded symptom resolution. In contrast, infratemporal fossa drainage procedures did not resolve the patients' symptoms. Isolated petrous apex effusions are rare, but they can cause symptoms. If medical management fails, surgical drainage based on the location is appropriate. The surgical drainage approach selected (infracochlear, infralabyrinthine, middle fossa, and endoscopic transnasal) should be based on an anatomic consideration of the involved petrous apex air cells (superior vs. inferior) and the relative position of the carotid artery and jugular bulb.

1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a multi-transmission/reception antenna device and a multi-transmission/reception method in a multi-user and multi-cell environment for uplink and downlink. In particular, the present invention relates to a multi-transmission/reception antenna device and a multi-transmission/reception method in a multi-user and multi-cell environment that can appropriately select a user using channel response information of a user to be selected in a cell and information of interference signals from adjacent cells. 2. Description of the Related Art In general, a wireless communication system that uses a multi-transmission/reception antenna is a communication system that has been developed in order to achieve a large-bit transfer rate in a limited bandwidth. In such a wireless communication system, a multi-antenna is used at a transmission/reception terminal, and an appropriate transceiver structure is adopted accordingly, thereby achieving a high transfer rate. At this time, the transmitting unit multiplies individual items of a signal vector to be transmitted by individual allocated power values, and multiplies the signal vector multiplied by the allocated power values by a weighted matrix of a transmission antenna again. The receiving unit also multiplies the individual items of the transmitted signal vector by an appropriate weighted matrix so as to generate a plurality of subchannels in a space domain. Independent data streams can be transmitted through the individual subchannels. In a known multi-transmission/reception antenna system, a technology that assumes a one-to-one wireless communication system having a pair of transceivers is applied, leaving presence of other cells generating interference signals out of consideration. In addition, in order to achieve a higher transfer rate, a multi-user multi-transmission/reception antenna system that can obtain advantages of multiplexing of a multi-user environment has been researched for an uplink (K.-N. Lau, “Analytical framework for multiuser uplink MIMO space-time scheduling design with convex utility functions,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 3, no. 5, September 2004) and a downlink (O.-S. Shin, and K. B. Lee, “Antenna-assisted round robin scheduling for MIMO cellular systems,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 109-111, March 2003). However, a research on an existing multi-user multi-transmission/reception antenna system has a limitation in that a single cell environment is taken into consideration, but an influence by an interference signal from adjacent cells in an actual mobile communication environment is not taken into full consideration. Meanwhile, unlike the multi-user environment, for a single user environment, a research on an influence of an interference signal from adjacent cells has progressed. Blum has researched downlink performance when a transmission method is determined in consideration of the interference signal from adjacent cells in a multi-cell environment (R. S. Blum, “MIMO capacity with interference,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol 21, no. 5, pp. 793-801, June 2003). (In this paper, a research has progressed in a multi-link environment, not a multi-cell environment, but, when a cell structure of a cellular system is applied to a multi-link environment, it is regarded as a multi-cell environment.) Further, Dai et al have suggested a receiver system that takes an influence of interference from adjacent cells into consideration in a downlink multi-transmission/reception antenna environment where interference from adjacent cells exist (H. Dai, A. F. Molisch, and H. V. Poor, “Downlink capacity of interference-limited MIMO systems with joint detection, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 3, no. 2, March 2004). However, the researches of Blum and Dai et al assume only downlink case and are limited to the case which assumes single user in each cell. Researches on the influence of an interference signal from adjacent cells for uplink multiuser systems are insufficient.

World Cup 48-team format faces test at FIFA meet FIFA president Gianni Infantino wants to expand the World Cup to 48 teams, a contentious move that critics say would dilute the quality of the tournament (AFP/File) 24/7 Live - Subscribe to the Pulse Newsletter! 24/7 Live - Subscribe to the Pulse Newsletter! news FIFA president Gianni Infantino's plan to expand the World Cup faces a key test from Thursday at a meeting of world football's top executives. Infantina wants to expand the tournament to 48 teams, a contentious move that critics say would dilute the quality of World Cup competition and add new fixtures to football's already packed calendar. "It is not a secret that I believe in an expansion of the World Cup," Infantino told AFP last week, opting for a 48-team competition by 2026. Infantino has floated a proposal that would see the 16 winners of group qualifying rounds automatically book a place in the showcase tournament. An additional 32 teams would battle it out in a new pre-tournament play-in round, with 16 nations moving on to the World Cup. Infantino told AFP that for the World Cup proper "the ideal format is 32 teams", but that would not stop him from seeking to widen opportunities for more countries while boosting revenues from the cash cow tournament. The powerful 36-member FIFA Council will weigh the idea at the meeting on Thursday and Friday but a final decision will not be made until next year, Infantino said. It has been nearly eight-months since the Swiss-Italian national was elected to take over world football's governing body amid an unprecedented crisis. His tenure has faced its share of challenges: he has been the target of an ethics probe that ultimately cleared him any wrongdoing, a former top executive blasted Infantino as an autocrat in his resignation letter, while prosecutors in the United States and Switzerland continue to probe decades of FIFA graft. But Infantino has insisted he remains focused on reforming an organisation that had become globally disgraced under the leadership of ex-president Sepp Blatter. The 46-year-old lawyer and former UEFA number two has made growing football globally and increasing FIFA income top priorities of his administration. Broadening the World Cup could further both objectives. A marketing executive who worked with Infantino at UEFA and requested anonymity told AFP the FIFA chief may be pushing for a 48-team tournament as leverage but would settle for a 40-team format. The 40-team idea was studied last year by FIFA's executive committee -- since renamed the FIFA Council -- but no decision was reached. A FIFA Council member, also speaking anonymously, said broadcasters who pay hugely lucrative rights fees would likely have the final say on any changes to the World Cup format. Israel/Palestinians Palestinians children marched on an Israeli settlement this week chanting "Infantino let us play", in a clear reminder of another tough challenge facing the FIFA leader. The Palestine Football Association has written to Infantino calling on FIFA to demand the Israeli Football Association expel the clubs based on Jewish settlements in the occupied West Bank, which are considered illegal under international law. Infantino told AFP last week that the issue was "one of (his) highest priorities." The Council meeting will hear a report on the Israel Palestinian issue from the head of FIFA's monitoring mission to the area, South Africa's Tokyo Sexwale. Israeli's thorny relations with the Muslim world also feature in another issue facing the FIFA Council: the venue for the body's next Congress. Kuala Lumpur had been slated to host the May 2017 Congress but the government of Muslim-majority Malaysia has refused to give entry visas to Israeli football officials, a stance that bars the country from hosting. Infantino is scheduled to meet with the media after the Council wraps up on Friday.

At a "workshop" for the film 42 in the State Dining Room of the White House, First Lady Michelle Obama told the assembled guests that "this is your house, too." "I want to make sure that you all know how welcome you are here in this house, because the truth is we do these things -- we make sure that we do these workshops so that you all know that this is your house, too," Obama told the guests. "So we want you to make yourselves at home. We want you to feel good and relaxed and learn and ask questions, okay?" The White House is currently not allowing the public to tour or access the White House. Only invited guests are allowed inside. Michelle Obama thanked the Hollywood actors for making it to the White House. "I want to thank Harrison Ford -- I’ve wanted to say that for a while. (Laughter.) Harrison Ford. So you think you trip because I’m here? I’m tripping out -- (laughter) -- because he’s here. And look at this stage -- Mr. Harrison Ford, Chadwick Boseman -- he’s as cute as he was in the movie. (Laughter.) Just admit it. (Applause.) Outstanding -- as well as Brian Helgeland, who is here as well. You’re going to hear from them," she said. More from chewbacca>http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/...oo_714453.html 04-02-2013, 05:47 PM Odysseus If it's our house, why can't we tour it? 04-02-2013, 08:00 PM ralph wiggum Quote: Originally Posted by Odysseus If it's our house, why can't we tour it? Us commoners simply aren't welcome unless we fork over probably a minimum of $100k. 04-02-2013, 10:55 PM Zathras Our house eh Moochelle? Where can I send the eviction papers? 04-02-2013, 11:25 PM SaintLouieWoman Quote: Originally Posted by Odysseus If it's our house, why can't we tour it? Maybe the commander in chief is afraid. He's getting more unpopular and perhaps doesn't trust the SS to properly guard him. This is just my conjecture, trying to ascertain why, other than being obnoxious, that they'd bar anyone but invited guests. Perhaps he has a bunker mentality, but it doesn't seem to keep him from travelling to all the most posh sites. Hope he enjoys his summer vacation (probably one of many) on Martha's Vineyard with the rest of the posh elite. Yeah, he's the man of the people alright. Oy! 04-04-2013, 02:25 PM noonwitch Quote: Originally Posted by Zathras Our house eh Moochelle? Where can I send the eviction papers? Americans had the chance to evict him in November and chose not to do so. 04-04-2013, 05:53 PM Unreconstructed Reb Quote: Originally Posted by noonwitch Americans had the chance to evict him in November and chose not to do so. Those "American's" that chose not to evict were either moochers, morons or enemies of the state. 04-04-2013, 10:33 PM Zathras Quote: Originally Posted by noonwitch Americans had the chance to evict him in November and chose not to do so. Ever hear of the term "bread & circuses" Noonie? Thanks to The Empty Suit and his supporters that's what we have today. Politicians, with the help of the entertainment industry, have promised the mind numbed masses (mind numbed from reality TV and such) things like the Obama Phone, free healthcare, food stamps and welfare to buy their votes. And because the voters they are courting with such trinkets only care about themselves and not what's good for the country they are successful. 04-04-2013, 10:45 PM SaintLouieWoman Quote: Originally Posted by Zathras Ever hear of the term "bread & circuses" Noonie? Thanks to The Empty Suit and his supporters that's what we have today. Politicians, with the help of the entertainment industry, have promised the mind numbed masses (mind numbed from reality TV and such) things like the Obama Phone, free healthcare, food stamps and welfare to buy their votes. And because the voters they are courting with such trinkets only care about themselves and not what's good for the country they are successful. Don't forget all those voters voting from the grave, plus the very dubious actions of some of Obama's minions. Noonie's reply is typical of the left, usually you don't get to finish counting to 3 til that reply pops up. His reelection is a reflection on the non-informed voters and the inability of Republicans to match the dems in their nasty, dirty tactics. When the Republicans man up and take Obama's gun to the fight instead of a knife, then maybe they'll start winning. Being Mr Nice Country club Guy doesn't work. 04-05-2013, 02:50 AM RobJohnson Quote: Originally Posted by noonwitch Americans had the chance to evict him in November and chose not to do so.

These business establishments generously provide support to JDRF through the promotions detailed below. Contact the companies listed for more information. Twisted Water/Wow Water will donate $0.02 per product, with a minimum of $5,000, to JDRF for purchases made between Jan. 1, 2013 and Dec. 13, 2013. Thebeverage was developed to provide healthier options for those with Type 1 Diabetes by offering vitamins, minerals and electrolytes without high fructose corn syrup, sucralose or aspartame. For more information, click here to visit their website. Also available on Amazon.com. You can follow Twisted Water on Facebook here. Supplier of Yoga Mat Cleaning Products to Donate Percentage of Sales to JDRF Deanna Kleiman, author of children’s book "Jacobs Journey, Living with Type 1 Diabetes" will donate 10 percent of net proceeds from the sale of this book to JDRF. This is an educational children’s book about what it’s like to live with Type 1 Diabetes. Click here for more information. *JDRF does not endorse or recommend any of the products or services provided by these businesses and is not responsible for items purchased as part of these promotions.

Q: Allow Community Moderators or Community Team to have a mechanism to revoke reputation earned through plagiarism We have a very serious problem with plagiarism. Previously, we've handled it by sending out moderator messages and suspending the involved party (if repeated). The problem this causes is that sometimes plagiarism isn't caught until after the threshold for retaining reputation for deleted answers takes effect. This should not be the case in cases of plagiarism. One of our flaggers has a system (an out of band process run against the data dump) to detect plagiarism, and as such it helpfully brings up (sometimes years old) cases of plagiarism. The problem is, these users won't lose their reputation unless a specific criteria is met: The plagiarism is found and deleted within 60 days of the answer being posted and it has a +3 score or better. In the cases of plagiarism that were flagged today, each had significant scores for an answer, and in most cases (as I said), they were at least a year old. Plagiarism is toxic; it takes the trust that is built in a community and shatters it for (what ends up being meaningless) gain. For the sake of the community, and to deter plagiarism, there should be a mechanism for moderators or the community team (without having to manually go into the database) to revoke reputation earned through plagiarism. A: I definitely support this idea. I hate the idea of offenders making rep off of plagiarized content. I do think it will be crucial to specifically define what is considered plagiarism for SE though if it is to be community-moderated. So, how will SE define plagiarism? Consider the following as test subjects where the original answer is found here and the examples are assumed to be from someone other than me. sorry for self-advertising but it seems wrong to use someone else's post, even with attribution, when the topic is plagiarism :P Link to solution: Hey, I had this problem too! I found the solution at https://stackoverflow.com/a/29852739/998328 Link to solution: You can do this. Link to solution that isn't a link-only: Just use a function containing a switch statement. Partially copied: Use a function: var vewModel = { empName: [ { name: 'NAME1' }, { name: 'NAME2' } ] }; vewModel.departmentName = function(name) { var departmentName = "Department "; switch (name) { case "NAME2": departmentName += "2"; break; case "NAME1": default: departmentName += "1"; break; } return departmentName; }.bind(vewModel); ko.applyBindings(vewModel); Possibly copied and changed variable names but, same typos (e.g. vewModel): Just use a function: var vewModel = { empName: [ { name: 'NAME1' }, { name: 'NAME2' } ] }; vewModel.name = function(n) { var name = "Department "; switch (n) { case "NAME2": name += "2"; break; case "NAME1": default: name += "1"; break; } return name; }.bind(vewModel); ko.applyBindings(vewModel); If you consider Merriam-Webster's definition: plagarize - to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own; use (another's production) without crediting the source Are the above examples plagiarism?

1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to methods of manufacturing electronic components. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an electronic component including chip surface mount devices including electrodes at both ends thereof. The chip surface mount devices are mounted on a substrate in a state in which the chip surface mount devices are arranged in series. 2. Description of the Related Art Methods of manufacturing electronic components are known in which surface mount devices are mounted on substrates by performing a reflow process after the surface mount devices are installed on the substrates. Mounting the surface mount devices so as to be in contact with each other by using the manufacturing methods using the reflow process has been proposed. For example, FIG. 5 shows an example in which surface mount devices 101 and 102 are installed on a substrate 103. The surface mount device 101 is installed on the substrate 103 so that the locations of solder bumps 107 provided on electrodes 101b of the surface mount device 101 are shifted from land electrodes 104 on the substrate 103, and the surface mount device 102 is installed on the substrate 103 so that the locations of the solder bumps 107 provided on electrodes 102b of the surface mount device 102 are shifted from land electrodes 105 on the substrate 103. Then, the surface mount devices are put through a reflow oven. When the surface mount devices are subjected to the reflow process, a main body 101a of the surface mount device 101 and a main body 102a of the surface mount device 102 are moved so as to be close to each other due to the surface tension of the solder bumps 107 that are melted by the heating, as shown by arrows in FIG. 6. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, the surface mount devices 101 and 102 are fixed on the substrate 103 with solders 106 sandwiched therebetween in a state in which an end surface of the surface mount device 101 is in contact with an end surface of the surface mount device 102 (for example, refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-347660). An electronic component can be manufactured by the following method, in which chip surface mount devices each including electrodes at both ends thereof are mounted on a substrate in a state in which the chip surface mount devices are arranged in series. FIGS. 1A to 1C are cross-sectional views schematically showing an example of a process of manufacturing an electronic component 10x in a reference example. Specifically, as shown in the cross-sectional view in FIG. 1A, joint materials 22, 24, 26, and 28, such as cream solder, are applied on land electrodes 12x, 15, and 18x that are formed on a substrate 11 so as to be aligned with each other. Then, as shown in FIG. 1B, first and second surface mount devices 30 and 40 of a chip type are installed on the substrate 11 so as to be spaced apart from each other. The first surface mount device 30 includes electrodes 34 and 36 at both ends of its main body 32 and the second surface mount device 40 includes electrodes 44 and 46 at both ends of its main body 42. Then, the first and second surface mount devices 30 and 40 are put through a reflow oven to melt the joint materials 22, 24, 26, and 28. A force that moves the first and second surface mount devices 30 and 40 so as to be close to each other is applied to the first and second surface mount devices 30 and 40 due to the surface tension of the joint materials 22, 24, 26, and 28, as shown by arrows 38 and 48 in FIG. 1B. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1C, the first and second surface mount devices 30 and 40 are moved due to the reflow oven and, therefore, it is possible to manufacture the electronic component 10x in which the first and second surface mount devices 30 and 40 are mounted in a state in which the first surface mount device 30 is closer to the second surface mount device 40, as compared to the state before the reflow. However, since the electrodes 36 and 44 are also formed on end surfaces 37 and 47 of the first and second chip surface mount devices 30 and 40, respectively, a joint material 25 is suctioned upward due to the capillary action so as to enter a region between the end surface 37 of the first surface mount device 30 and the end surface 47 of the second surface mount device 40, which are opposed to each other, as shown in FIG. 1C. As a result, a gap 50 is formed between the end surface 37 of the first surface mount device 30 and the end surface 47 of the second surface mount device 40, which are opposed to each other. Narrowing the gap 50 between the end surface 37 of the first surface mount device 30 and the end surface 47 of the second surface mount device 40 enables the electronic component 10x to be reduced in size.

Well, this is it. It was a lot of fun making these comics and taking my characters off in a very different direction than usual, but next week we’ll be back to the normal dumb WoW jokes. I mentioned on one comic that it took over 30 hours of work to pose, render, assemble, and finish. Not all of them took as long as that, but most took multiple days of work. I wish I could commit that much time to AFR every week, but alas the real world will not allow it. This was a fun summer vacation project and I’m really glad I did it, but all thing must come to an end. I want to extend my deep thanks to all of my readers for going along with this experiment. I wouldn’t be doing this if it weren’t for you. And a special thanks to everyone who’s left nice comments in the past few weeks (I love comments!) I hope you’ve all enjoyed going along on this ride with me. It’s still hard to believe that I’ve done 250 comics. If I make it to 500, I have no idea what I’ll do to celebrate. May 25, 2012 Anyone who’s played a healer, especially lately, can feel a lot of sympathy for Dr. House. Just switch out “People lie” for “People stand in sh*t” and you too can end up wanting to smack the whole world around with your cane.

Q: Sample method returns empty featureCollection (GEE) I have some troubles with the sample method from Google Earth Engine. On some images, it returns an empty feature collection (0 element). Why this is happening and how do I deal with that ? It's problematic to train a model on an empty dataset... Here one illustration: // Example on two images : one working, not the other var image_ok = ee.Image("COPERNICUS/S2/20150627T102531_20160606T223605_T31RFN"); var image_empty = ee.Image("COPERNICUS/S2/20151228T002843_20151228T085259_T54HYD"); var VisImg = {"opacity":1,"bands":["B4","B3","B2"],"min":293.6805388296989,"max":2220.5270083401124,"gamma":1}; // Sampling var training_ok = image_ok.sample({numPixels:1000}); var training_empty = image_empty.sample({numPixels:1000}); // Display print("Ok: ", training_ok); print("Empty: ", training_empty); Map.addLayer(image_empty, VisImg, "Image empty"); Map.addLayer(image_ok, VisImg, "Image ok"); Map.centerObject(image_empty); A: The "empty" image contains QA bands that are completely masked out. You can avoid the empty sample by first selecting the bands that have valid data. For example: var training_empty = image_empty .select([ 'B1', 'B2', 'B3', 'B4', 'B5', 'B6', 'B7', 'B8', 'B8A', 'B9', 'B10', 'B11', 'B12', // 'QA10', // 'QA20', // 'QA60', ]) .sample({numPixels:1000});

Use and abuse of benzodiazepines in Hong Kong 1990-1993--the impact of regulatory changes. To control benzodiazepine abuse in Hong Kong, the Government's Pharmacy and Poisons Board reclassified benzodiazepines as Dangerous Drugs in October 1990. Apart from formal prescriptions, detailed records were then required for the supply and dispensing of these drugs. These regulations were applied initially only to brotizolam, triazolam and flunitrazepam, and were extended in January 1992 to include all benzodiazepines. The impact of these regulatory changes on benzodiazepine use has been studied by analyzing the sales patterns of seven benzodiazepines between 1990-1993. In 1991, the sales of flunitrazepam and triazolam fell, but the sales of five unrestricted benzodiazepines increased. In 1992-1993, the sales of all but one of the benzodiazepines fell. Comparing 1993 to 1990, the fall in sales was particularly marked for triazolam, chlordiazepoxide and flunitrazepam. A regulation requiring the use of proper prescriptions and detailed records for the supply and dispensing of benzodiazepines, appears to have curbed, at least partially, their abuse in Hong Kong.

Risks faced by donors of right lobe for living donor liver transplantation. Because of the shortage of deceased donors with livers fit for transplantation, living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is becoming an attractive alternative. Attention should be paid to the donors, especially to those of the right lobe. In this study, we evaluated the risks faced by donors of the right lobe for adult-to-adult LDLT. The perioperative data from 105 consecutive living donors of the right lobe performed in West China Hospital from January 2002 to December 2007 were retrospectively studied. Preoperative evaluation included CT, MRCP, and intraoperative cholangiography, showing liver volume, hepatic vasculature and the biliary system. The standard liver volume (SLV) and the ratio of left lobe volume to SLV were calculated. The right lobe grafts were obtained by transecting the liver on the right side of the middle hepatic vein without inflow vascular occlusion, using an ultrasonic dissector. After operation the donors were monitored in the Intensive Care Unit for about three days. Each donor was followed up for at least 6 months. There was no donor mortality. Major complications occurred in 14 donors (13.3%), of whom 3 received conservative treatment, 8 required invasive paracentesis, and 3 required further surgery. All donors were recovered well and resumed their previous occupations. Donors of the right lobe face low risks. The preoperative evaluation, especially evaluation of the volume of the remnant liver, should be exact. During the operation, the patency of the remnant hepatic vasculature and bile duct must be preserved, and the extent of injury to the remnant liver should be limited as much as possible. The detection and treatment of postoperative complications should be diligently performed.

Nigeria - Lagos State Project Phase II Signing (created by John Ambler/ENRON_DEVELOPMENT on 8/22/2000)

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Threading; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Newtonsoft.Json; using Newtonsoft.Json.Converters; using NLog; using NutzCode.CloudFileSystem; using NutzCode.CloudFileSystem.Plugins.LocalFileSystem; using Shoko.Commons.Extensions; using Shoko.Models; using Shoko.Models.Client; using Shoko.Models.Enums; using Shoko.Models.Interfaces; using Shoko.Models.Server; using Shoko.Server.API.Annotations; using Shoko.Server.Commands; using Shoko.Server.Extensions; using Shoko.Server.Models; using Shoko.Server.Plex; using Shoko.Server.Repositories; using Shoko.Server.Server; using Shoko.Server.Settings; namespace Shoko.Server { [EmitEmptyEnumerableInsteadOfNull] [ApiController, Route("/v1"), ApiExplorerSettings(IgnoreApi = true)] public partial class ShokoServiceImplementation : Controller, IShokoServer, IHttpContextAccessor { public new HttpContext HttpContext { get; set; } //TODO Split this file into subfiles with partial class, Move #region functionality from the interface to those subfiles private static Logger logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger(); #region Bookmarks [HttpGet("Bookmark")] public List<CL_BookmarkedAnime> GetAllBookmarkedAnime() { List<CL_BookmarkedAnime> baList = new List<CL_BookmarkedAnime>(); try { return RepoFactory.BookmarkedAnime.GetAll().Select(a => a.ToClient()).ToList(); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return baList; } [HttpPost("Bookmark")] public CL_Response<CL_BookmarkedAnime> SaveBookmarkedAnime(CL_BookmarkedAnime contract) { CL_Response<CL_BookmarkedAnime> contractRet = new CL_Response<CL_BookmarkedAnime> { ErrorMessage = string.Empty }; try { BookmarkedAnime ba = null; if (contract.BookmarkedAnimeID != 0) { ba = RepoFactory.BookmarkedAnime.GetByID(contract.BookmarkedAnimeID); if (ba == null) { contractRet.ErrorMessage = "Could not find existing Bookmark with ID: " + contract.BookmarkedAnimeID; return contractRet; } } else { // if a new record, check if it is allowed BookmarkedAnime baTemp = RepoFactory.BookmarkedAnime.GetByAnimeID(contract.AnimeID); if (baTemp != null) { contractRet.ErrorMessage = "A bookmark with the AnimeID already exists: " + contract.AnimeID; return contractRet; } ba = new BookmarkedAnime(); } ba.AnimeID = contract.AnimeID; ba.Priority = contract.Priority; ba.Notes = contract.Notes; ba.Downloading = contract.Downloading; RepoFactory.BookmarkedAnime.Save(ba); contractRet.Result = ba.ToClient(); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); contractRet.ErrorMessage = ex.Message; return contractRet; } return contractRet; } [HttpDelete("Bookmark/{bookmarkedAnimeID}")] public string DeleteBookmarkedAnime(int bookmarkedAnimeID) { try { BookmarkedAnime ba = RepoFactory.BookmarkedAnime.GetByID(bookmarkedAnimeID); if (ba == null) return "Bookmarked not found"; RepoFactory.BookmarkedAnime.Delete(bookmarkedAnimeID); return string.Empty; } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); return ex.Message; } } [HttpGet("Bookmark/{bookmarkedAnimeID}")] public CL_BookmarkedAnime GetBookmarkedAnime(int bookmarkedAnimeID) { try { return RepoFactory.BookmarkedAnime.GetByID(bookmarkedAnimeID).ToClient(); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); return null; } } #endregion #region Status and Changes [HttpGet("Changes/{date}/{userID}")] public CL_MainChanges GetAllChanges(DateTime date, int userID) { CL_MainChanges c = new CL_MainChanges(); try { List<Changes<int>> changes = ChangeTracker<int>.GetChainedChanges(new List<ChangeTracker<int>> { RepoFactory.GroupFilter.GetChangeTracker(), RepoFactory.AnimeGroup.GetChangeTracker(), RepoFactory.AnimeGroup_User.GetChangeTracker(userID), RepoFactory.AnimeSeries.GetChangeTracker(), RepoFactory.AnimeSeries_User.GetChangeTracker(userID) }, date); c.Filters = new CL_Changes<CL_GroupFilter> { ChangedItems = changes[0] .ChangedItems.Select(a => RepoFactory.GroupFilter.GetByID(a)?.ToClient()) .Where(a => a != null) .ToList(), RemovedItems = changes[0].RemovedItems.ToList(), LastChange = changes[0].LastChange }; //Add Group Filter that one of his child changed. bool end; do { end = true; foreach (CL_GroupFilter ag in c.Filters.ChangedItems .Where(a => a.ParentGroupFilterID.HasValue && a.ParentGroupFilterID.Value != 0) .ToList()) { if (!c.Filters.ChangedItems.Any(a => a.GroupFilterID == ag.ParentGroupFilterID.Value)) { end = false; CL_GroupFilter cag = RepoFactory.GroupFilter.GetByID(ag.ParentGroupFilterID.Value)? .ToClient(); if (cag != null) c.Filters.ChangedItems.Add(cag); } } } while (!end); c.Groups = new CL_Changes<CL_AnimeGroup_User>(); changes[1].ChangedItems.UnionWith(changes[2].ChangedItems); changes[1].ChangedItems.UnionWith(changes[2].RemovedItems); if (changes[2].LastChange > changes[1].LastChange) changes[1].LastChange = changes[2].LastChange; c.Groups.ChangedItems = changes[1] .ChangedItems.Select(a => RepoFactory.AnimeGroup.GetByID(a)) .Where(a => a != null) .Select(a => a.GetUserContract(userID)) .ToList(); c.Groups.RemovedItems = changes[1].RemovedItems.ToList(); c.Groups.LastChange = changes[1].LastChange; c.Series = new CL_Changes<CL_AnimeSeries_User>(); changes[3].ChangedItems.UnionWith(changes[4].ChangedItems); changes[3].ChangedItems.UnionWith(changes[4].RemovedItems); if (changes[4].LastChange > changes[3].LastChange) changes[3].LastChange = changes[4].LastChange; c.Series.ChangedItems = changes[3] .ChangedItems.Select(a => RepoFactory.AnimeSeries.GetByID(a)) .Where(a => a != null) .Select(a => a.GetUserContract(userID)) .ToList(); c.Series.RemovedItems = changes[3].RemovedItems.ToList(); c.Series.LastChange = changes[3].LastChange; c.LastChange = c.Filters.LastChange; if (c.Groups.LastChange > c.LastChange) c.LastChange = c.Groups.LastChange; if (c.Series.LastChange > c.LastChange) c.LastChange = c.Series.LastChange; } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return c; } [HttpGet("GroupFilter/Changes/{date}")] public CL_Changes<CL_GroupFilter> GetGroupFilterChanges(DateTime date) { CL_Changes<CL_GroupFilter> c = new CL_Changes<CL_GroupFilter>(); try { Changes<int> changes = RepoFactory.GroupFilter.GetChangeTracker().GetChanges(date); c.ChangedItems = changes.ChangedItems.Select(a => RepoFactory.GroupFilter.GetByID(a).ToClient()) .Where(a => a != null) .ToList(); c.RemovedItems = changes.RemovedItems.ToList(); c.LastChange = changes.LastChange; } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return c; } [DatabaseBlockedExempt] [HttpGet("Server")] public CL_ServerStatus GetServerStatus() { CL_ServerStatus contract = new CL_ServerStatus(); try { contract.HashQueueCount = ShokoService.CmdProcessorHasher.QueueCount; contract.HashQueueState = ShokoService.CmdProcessorHasher.QueueState.formatMessage(); //Deprecated since 3.6.0.0 contract.HashQueueStateId = (int) ShokoService.CmdProcessorHasher.QueueState.queueState; contract.HashQueueStateParams = ShokoService.CmdProcessorHasher.QueueState.extraParams; contract.GeneralQueueCount = ShokoService.CmdProcessorGeneral.QueueCount; contract.GeneralQueueState = ShokoService.CmdProcessorGeneral.QueueState.formatMessage(); //Deprecated since 3.6.0.0 contract.GeneralQueueStateId = (int) ShokoService.CmdProcessorGeneral.QueueState.queueState; contract.GeneralQueueStateParams = ShokoService.CmdProcessorGeneral.QueueState.extraParams; contract.ImagesQueueCount = ShokoService.CmdProcessorImages.QueueCount; contract.ImagesQueueState = ShokoService.CmdProcessorImages.QueueState.formatMessage(); //Deprecated since 3.6.0.0 contract.ImagesQueueStateId = (int) ShokoService.CmdProcessorImages.QueueState.queueState; contract.ImagesQueueStateParams = ShokoService.CmdProcessorImages.QueueState.extraParams; var helper = ShokoService.AnidbProcessor; if (helper.IsHttpBanned) { contract.IsBanned = true; contract.BanReason = helper.HttpBanTime.ToString(); contract.BanOrigin = @"HTTP"; } else if (helper.IsUdpBanned) { contract.IsBanned = true; contract.BanReason = helper.UdpBanTime.ToString(); contract.BanOrigin = @"UDP"; } else { contract.IsBanned = false; contract.BanReason = string.Empty; contract.BanOrigin = string.Empty; } } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return contract; } [HttpGet("Server/Versions")] public CL_AppVersions GetAppVersions() { try { //TODO WHEN WE HAVE A STABLE VERSION REPO, WE NEED TO CODE THE RETRIEVAL HERE. return new CL_AppVersions(); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return null; } #endregion [HttpGet("Years")] public List<string> GetAllYears() { List<CL_AnimeSeries_User> grps = RepoFactory.AnimeSeries.GetAll().Select(a => a.Contract).Where(a => a != null).ToList(); var allyears = new HashSet<string>(StringComparer.Ordinal); foreach (CL_AnimeSeries_User ser in grps) { int endyear = ser.AniDBAnime?.AniDBAnime?.EndYear ?? 0; int startyear = ser.AniDBAnime?.AniDBAnime?.BeginYear ?? 0; if (startyear == 0) continue; if (endyear == 0) endyear = DateTime.Today.Year; if (startyear > endyear) endyear = startyear; if (startyear == endyear) allyears.Add(startyear.ToString()); else allyears.UnionWith(Enumerable.Range(startyear, endyear - startyear + 1) .Select(a => a.ToString())); } return allyears.OrderBy(a => a).ToList(); } [HttpGet("Seasons")] public List<string> GetAllSeasons() { List<CL_AnimeSeries_User> grps = RepoFactory.AnimeSeries.GetAll().Select(a => a.Contract).Where(a => a != null).ToList(); var allseasons = new SortedSet<string>(new SeasonComparator()); foreach (CL_AnimeSeries_User ser in grps) { allseasons.UnionWith(ser.AniDBAnime.Stat_AllSeasons); } return allseasons.ToList(); } [HttpGet("Tags")] public List<string> GetAllTagNames() { List<string> allTagNames = new List<string>(); try { DateTime start = DateTime.Now; foreach (AniDB_Tag tag in RepoFactory.AniDB_Tag.GetAll()) { allTagNames.Add(tag.TagName); } allTagNames.Sort(); TimeSpan ts = DateTime.Now - start; logger.Info("GetAllTagNames in {0} ms", ts.TotalMilliseconds); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return allTagNames; } [HttpPost("CloudAccount/Directory/{cloudaccountid}")] public List<string> DirectoriesFromImportFolderPath(int cloudaccountid, [FromForm]string path) { if (path == null) path = "null"; List<string> result = new List<string>(); try { IFileSystem n = null; if (cloudaccountid == 0) { FileSystemResult<IFileSystem> ff = CloudFileSystemPluginFactory.Instance.List .FirstOrDefault(a => a.Name.EqualsInvariantIgnoreCase("Local File System")) ?.Init("", null, null); if (ff?.IsOk ?? false) n = ff.Result; } else { SVR_CloudAccount cl = RepoFactory.CloudAccount.GetByID(cloudaccountid); if (cl != null) n = cl.FileSystem; } if (n != null) { FileSystemResult<IObject> dirr; if ((n as LocalFileSystem) != null && path.Equals("null")) { if (n.Directories == null) return result; return n.Directories.Select(a => a.FullName).OrderByNatural(a => a).ToList(); } if (path.Equals("null")) { path = string.Empty; } dirr = n.Resolve(path); if (dirr == null || !dirr.IsOk || dirr.Result is IFile) return null; IDirectory dir = dirr.Result as IDirectory; FileSystemResult fr = dir.Populate(); if (!fr?.IsOk ?? true) return result; return dir?.Directories?.Select(a => a.FullName).OrderByNatural(a => a).ToList(); } } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return result; } [HttpGet("CloudAccount")] public List<CL_CloudAccount> GetCloudProviders() { List<CL_CloudAccount> ls = new List<CL_CloudAccount>(); try { ls.Add(SVR_CloudAccount.CreateLocalFileSystemAccount().ToClient()); RepoFactory.CloudAccount.GetAll().ForEach(a => ls.Add(a.ToClient())); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return ls; } #region Settings [HttpPost("Server/Settings")] public CL_Response SaveServerSettings(CL_ServerSettings contractIn) { CL_Response contract = new CL_Response { ErrorMessage = string.Empty }; try { // validate the settings bool anidbSettingsChanged = false; if (ushort.TryParse(contractIn.AniDB_ClientPort, out ushort newAniDB_ClientPort) && newAniDB_ClientPort != ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.ClientPort) { anidbSettingsChanged = true; contract.ErrorMessage += "AniDB Client Port must be numeric and greater than 0" + Environment.NewLine; } if (ushort.TryParse(contractIn.AniDB_ServerPort, out ushort newAniDB_ServerPort) && newAniDB_ServerPort != ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.ServerPort) { anidbSettingsChanged = true; contract.ErrorMessage += "AniDB Server Port must be numeric and greater than 0" + Environment.NewLine; } if (contractIn.AniDB_Username != ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.Username) { anidbSettingsChanged = true; if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(contractIn.AniDB_Username)) { contract.ErrorMessage += "AniDB User Name must have a value" + Environment.NewLine; } } if (contractIn.AniDB_Password != ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.Password) { anidbSettingsChanged = true; if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(contractIn.AniDB_Password)) { contract.ErrorMessage += "AniDB Password must have a value" + Environment.NewLine; } } if (contractIn.AniDB_ServerAddress != ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.ServerAddress) { anidbSettingsChanged = true; if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(contractIn.AniDB_ServerAddress)) { contract.ErrorMessage += "AniDB Server Address must have a value" + Environment.NewLine; } } if (!ushort.TryParse(contractIn.AniDB_AVDumpClientPort, out ushort newAniDB_AVDumpClientPort)) { contract.ErrorMessage += "AniDB AVDump port must be a valid port" + Environment.NewLine; } if (contract.ErrorMessage.Length > 0) return contract; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.ClientPort = newAniDB_ClientPort; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.Password = contractIn.AniDB_Password; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.ServerAddress = contractIn.AniDB_ServerAddress; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.ServerPort = newAniDB_ServerPort; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.Username = contractIn.AniDB_Username; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.AVDumpClientPort = newAniDB_AVDumpClientPort; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.AVDumpKey = contractIn.AniDB_AVDumpKey; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.DownloadRelatedAnime = contractIn.AniDB_DownloadRelatedAnime; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.DownloadReleaseGroups = contractIn.AniDB_DownloadReleaseGroups; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.DownloadReviews = contractIn.AniDB_DownloadReviews; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.DownloadSimilarAnime = contractIn.AniDB_DownloadSimilarAnime; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.MyList_AddFiles = contractIn.AniDB_MyList_AddFiles; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.MyList_ReadUnwatched = contractIn.AniDB_MyList_ReadUnwatched; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.MyList_ReadWatched = contractIn.AniDB_MyList_ReadWatched; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.MyList_SetUnwatched = contractIn.AniDB_MyList_SetUnwatched; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.MyList_SetWatched = contractIn.AniDB_MyList_SetWatched; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.MyList_StorageState = (AniDBFile_State) contractIn.AniDB_MyList_StorageState; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.MyList_DeleteType = (AniDBFileDeleteType) contractIn.AniDB_MyList_DeleteType; //ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.MaxRelationDepth = contractIn.AniDB_MaxRelationDepth; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.MyList_UpdateFrequency = (ScheduledUpdateFrequency) contractIn.AniDB_MyList_UpdateFrequency; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.Calendar_UpdateFrequency = (ScheduledUpdateFrequency) contractIn.AniDB_Calendar_UpdateFrequency; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.Anime_UpdateFrequency = (ScheduledUpdateFrequency) contractIn.AniDB_Anime_UpdateFrequency; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.MyListStats_UpdateFrequency = (ScheduledUpdateFrequency) contractIn.AniDB_MyListStats_UpdateFrequency; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.File_UpdateFrequency = (ScheduledUpdateFrequency) contractIn.AniDB_File_UpdateFrequency; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.DownloadCharacters = contractIn.AniDB_DownloadCharacters; ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.DownloadCreators = contractIn.AniDB_DownloadCreators; // Web Cache ServerSettings.Instance.WebCache.Address = contractIn.WebCache_Address; ServerSettings.Instance.WebCache.XRefFileEpisode_Get = contractIn.WebCache_XRefFileEpisode_Get; ServerSettings.Instance.WebCache.XRefFileEpisode_Send = contractIn.WebCache_XRefFileEpisode_Send; ServerSettings.Instance.WebCache.TvDB_Get = contractIn.WebCache_TvDB_Get; ServerSettings.Instance.WebCache.TvDB_Send = contractIn.WebCache_TvDB_Send; ServerSettings.Instance.WebCache.Trakt_Get = contractIn.WebCache_Trakt_Get; ServerSettings.Instance.WebCache.Trakt_Send = contractIn.WebCache_Trakt_Send; // TvDB ServerSettings.Instance.TvDB.AutoLink = contractIn.TvDB_AutoLink; ServerSettings.Instance.TvDB.AutoFanart = contractIn.TvDB_AutoFanart; ServerSettings.Instance.TvDB.AutoFanartAmount = contractIn.TvDB_AutoFanartAmount; ServerSettings.Instance.TvDB.AutoPosters = contractIn.TvDB_AutoPosters; ServerSettings.Instance.TvDB.AutoPostersAmount = contractIn.TvDB_AutoPostersAmount; ServerSettings.Instance.TvDB.AutoWideBanners = contractIn.TvDB_AutoWideBanners; ServerSettings.Instance.TvDB.AutoWideBannersAmount = contractIn.TvDB_AutoWideBannersAmount; ServerSettings.Instance.TvDB.UpdateFrequency = (ScheduledUpdateFrequency) contractIn.TvDB_UpdateFrequency; ServerSettings.Instance.TvDB.Language = contractIn.TvDB_Language; // MovieDB ServerSettings.Instance.MovieDb.AutoFanart = contractIn.MovieDB_AutoFanart; ServerSettings.Instance.MovieDb.AutoFanartAmount = contractIn.MovieDB_AutoFanartAmount; ServerSettings.Instance.MovieDb.AutoPosters = contractIn.MovieDB_AutoPosters; ServerSettings.Instance.MovieDb.AutoPostersAmount = contractIn.MovieDB_AutoPostersAmount; // Import settings ServerSettings.Instance.Import.VideoExtensions = contractIn.VideoExtensions.Split(',').ToList(); ServerSettings.Instance.Import.UseExistingFileWatchedStatus = contractIn.Import_UseExistingFileWatchedStatus; ServerSettings.Instance.AutoGroupSeries = contractIn.AutoGroupSeries; ServerSettings.Instance.AutoGroupSeriesUseScoreAlgorithm = contractIn.AutoGroupSeriesUseScoreAlgorithm; ServerSettings.Instance.AutoGroupSeriesRelationExclusions = contractIn.AutoGroupSeriesRelationExclusions; ServerSettings.Instance.FileQualityFilterEnabled = contractIn.FileQualityFilterEnabled; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(contractIn.FileQualityFilterPreferences)) ServerSettings.Instance.FileQualityPreferences = ServerSettings.Deserialize<FileQualityPreferences>(contractIn.FileQualityFilterPreferences); ServerSettings.Instance.Import.RunOnStart = contractIn.RunImportOnStart; ServerSettings.Instance.Import.ScanDropFoldersOnStart = contractIn.ScanDropFoldersOnStart; ServerSettings.Instance.Import.Hash_CRC32 = contractIn.Hash_CRC32; ServerSettings.Instance.Import.Hash_MD5 = contractIn.Hash_MD5; ServerSettings.Instance.Import.Hash_SHA1 = contractIn.Hash_SHA1; // Language ServerSettings.Instance.LanguagePreference = contractIn.LanguagePreference.Split(',').ToList(); ServerSettings.Instance.LanguageUseSynonyms = contractIn.LanguageUseSynonyms; ServerSettings.Instance.EpisodeTitleSource = (DataSourceType) contractIn.EpisodeTitleSource; ServerSettings.Instance.SeriesDescriptionSource = (DataSourceType) contractIn.SeriesDescriptionSource; ServerSettings.Instance.SeriesNameSource = (DataSourceType) contractIn.SeriesNameSource; // Trakt ServerSettings.Instance.TraktTv.Enabled = contractIn.Trakt_IsEnabled; ServerSettings.Instance.TraktTv.AuthToken = contractIn.Trakt_AuthToken; ServerSettings.Instance.TraktTv.RefreshToken = contractIn.Trakt_RefreshToken; ServerSettings.Instance.TraktTv.TokenExpirationDate = contractIn.Trakt_TokenExpirationDate; ServerSettings.Instance.TraktTv.UpdateFrequency = (ScheduledUpdateFrequency) contractIn.Trakt_UpdateFrequency; ServerSettings.Instance.TraktTv.SyncFrequency = (ScheduledUpdateFrequency) contractIn.Trakt_SyncFrequency; //Plex ServerSettings.Instance.Plex.Server = contractIn.Plex_ServerHost; ServerSettings.Instance.Plex.Libraries = contractIn.Plex_Sections.Length > 0 ? contractIn.Plex_Sections.Split(',').Select(int.Parse).ToArray() : new int[0]; // SAVE! ServerSettings.Instance.SaveSettings(); if (anidbSettingsChanged) { ShokoService.AnidbProcessor.ForceLogout(); ShokoService.AnidbProcessor.CloseConnections(); Thread.Sleep(1000); ShokoService.AnidbProcessor.Init(ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.Username, ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.Password, ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.ServerAddress, ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.ServerPort, ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.ClientPort); } } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, "Save server settings exception:\\n " + ex); contract.ErrorMessage = ex.Message; } return contract; } [HttpGet("Server/Settings")] public CL_ServerSettings GetServerSettings() { CL_ServerSettings contract = new CL_ServerSettings(); try { return ServerSettings.Instance.ToContract(); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return contract; } #endregion #region Actions [HttpPost("Folder/Import")] public void RunImport() { ShokoServer.RunImport(); } [HttpPost("File/Hashes/Sync")] public void SyncHashes() { ShokoServer.SyncHashes(); } [HttpPost("Folder/Scan")] public void ScanDropFolders() { Importer.RunImport_DropFolders(); } [HttpPost("Folder/Scan/{importFolderID}")] public void ScanFolder(int importFolderID) { ShokoServer.ScanFolder(importFolderID); } [HttpPost("Folder/RemoveMissing")] public void RemoveMissingFiles() { ShokoServer.RemoveMissingFiles(); } [HttpPost("Folder/RefreshMediaInfo")] public void RefreshAllMediaInfo() { ShokoServer.RefreshAllMediaInfo(); } [HttpPost("AniDB/MyList/Sync")] public void SyncMyList() { ShokoServer.SyncMyList(); } [HttpPost("AniDB/Vote/Sync")] public void SyncVotes() { CommandRequest_SyncMyVotes cmdVotes = new CommandRequest_SyncMyVotes(); cmdVotes.Save(); } #endregion #region Queue Actions [HttpPost("CommandQueue/Hasher/{paused}")] public void SetCommandProcessorHasherPaused(bool paused) { ShokoService.CmdProcessorHasher.Paused = paused; } [HttpPost("CommandQueue/General/{paused}")] public void SetCommandProcessorGeneralPaused(bool paused) { ShokoService.CmdProcessorGeneral.Paused = paused; } [HttpPost("CommandQueue/Images/{paused}")] public void SetCommandProcessorImagesPaused(bool paused) { ShokoService.CmdProcessorImages.Paused = paused; } [HttpDelete("CommandQueue/Hasher")] public void ClearHasherQueue() { try { ShokoService.CmdProcessorHasher.Stop(); RepoFactory.CommandRequest.ClearHasherQueue(); ShokoService.CmdProcessorHasher.Init(); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } } [HttpDelete("CommandQueue/Images")] public void ClearImagesQueue() { try { ShokoService.CmdProcessorImages.Stop(); RepoFactory.CommandRequest.ClearImageQueue(); ShokoService.CmdProcessorImages.Init(); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } } [HttpDelete("CommandQueue/General")] public void ClearGeneralQueue() { try { ShokoService.CmdProcessorGeneral.Stop(); RepoFactory.CommandRequest.ClearGeneralQueue(); ShokoService.CmdProcessorGeneral.Init(); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } } #endregion [HttpPost("AniDB/Status")] public string TestAniDBConnection() { string log = string.Empty; try { log += "Disposing..." + Environment.NewLine; ShokoService.AnidbProcessor.ForceLogout(); ShokoService.AnidbProcessor.CloseConnections(); Thread.Sleep(1000); log += "Init..." + Environment.NewLine; ShokoService.AnidbProcessor.Init(ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.Username, ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.Password, ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.ServerAddress, ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.ServerPort, ServerSettings.Instance.AniDb.ClientPort); log += "Login..." + Environment.NewLine; if (ShokoService.AnidbProcessor.Login()) { log += "Login Success!" + Environment.NewLine; log += "Logout..." + Environment.NewLine; ShokoService.AnidbProcessor.ForceLogout(); log += "Logged out" + Environment.NewLine; } else { log += "Login FAILED!" + Environment.NewLine; } return log; } catch (Exception ex) { log += ex.Message + Environment.NewLine; } return log; } [HttpGet("MediaInfo/Quality")] public List<string> GetAllUniqueVideoQuality() { try { return RepoFactory.Adhoc.GetAllVideoQuality(); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); return new List<string>(); } } [HttpGet("MediaInfo/AudioLanguages")] public List<string> GetAllUniqueAudioLanguages() { try { return RepoFactory.Adhoc.GetAllUniqueAudioLanguages(); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); return new List<string>(); } } [HttpGet("MediaInfo/SubtitleLanguages")] public List<string> GetAllUniqueSubtitleLanguages() { try { return RepoFactory.Adhoc.GetAllUniqueSubtitleLanguages(); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); return new List<string>(); } } #region Plex [HttpGet("User/Plex/LoginUrl/{userID}")] public string LoginUrl(int userID) { JMMUser user = RepoFactory.JMMUser.GetByID(userID); return PlexHelper.GetForUser(user).LoginUrl; } [HttpGet("User/Plex/Authenticated/{userID}")] public bool IsPlexAuthenticated(int userID) { JMMUser user = RepoFactory.JMMUser.GetByID(userID); return PlexHelper.GetForUser(user).IsAuthenticated; } [HttpGet("User/Plex/Remove/{userID}")] public bool RemovePlexAuth(int userID) { JMMUser user = RepoFactory.JMMUser.GetByID(userID); PlexHelper.GetForUser(user).InvalidateToken(); return true; } #endregion [HttpPost("Image/Enable/{enabled}/{imageID}/{imageType}")] public string EnableDisableImage(bool enabled, int imageID, int imageType) { try { ImageEntityType imgType = (ImageEntityType) imageType; switch (imgType) { case ImageEntityType.AniDB_Cover: SVR_AniDB_Anime anime = RepoFactory.AniDB_Anime.GetByAnimeID(imageID); if (anime == null) return "Could not find anime"; anime.ImageEnabled = enabled ? 1 : 0; RepoFactory.AniDB_Anime.Save(anime); break; case ImageEntityType.TvDB_Banner: TvDB_ImageWideBanner banner = RepoFactory.TvDB_ImageWideBanner.GetByID(imageID); if (banner == null) return "Could not find image"; banner.Enabled = enabled ? 1 : 0; RepoFactory.TvDB_ImageWideBanner.Save(banner); break; case ImageEntityType.TvDB_Cover: TvDB_ImagePoster poster = RepoFactory.TvDB_ImagePoster.GetByID(imageID); if (poster == null) return "Could not find image"; poster.Enabled = enabled ? 1 : 0; RepoFactory.TvDB_ImagePoster.Save(poster); break; case ImageEntityType.TvDB_FanArt: TvDB_ImageFanart fanart = RepoFactory.TvDB_ImageFanart.GetByID(imageID); if (fanart == null) return "Could not find image"; fanart.Enabled = enabled ? 1 : 0; RepoFactory.TvDB_ImageFanart.Save(fanart); break; case ImageEntityType.MovieDB_Poster: MovieDB_Poster moviePoster = RepoFactory.MovieDB_Poster.GetByID(imageID); if (moviePoster == null) return "Could not find image"; moviePoster.Enabled = enabled ? 1 : 0; RepoFactory.MovieDB_Poster.Save(moviePoster); break; case ImageEntityType.MovieDB_FanArt: MovieDB_Fanart movieFanart = RepoFactory.MovieDB_Fanart.GetByID(imageID); if (movieFanart == null) return "Could not find image"; movieFanart.Enabled = enabled ? 1 : 0; RepoFactory.MovieDB_Fanart.Save(movieFanart); break; } return string.Empty; } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); return ex.Message; } } [HttpPost("Image/Default/{isDefault}/{animeID}/{imageID}/{imageType}/{imageSizeType}")] public string SetDefaultImage(bool isDefault, int animeID, int imageID, int imageType, int imageSizeType) { try { ImageEntityType imgType = (ImageEntityType) imageType; ImageSizeType sizeType = ImageSizeType.Poster; switch (imgType) { case ImageEntityType.AniDB_Cover: case ImageEntityType.TvDB_Cover: case ImageEntityType.MovieDB_Poster: sizeType = ImageSizeType.Poster; break; case ImageEntityType.TvDB_Banner: sizeType = ImageSizeType.WideBanner; break; case ImageEntityType.TvDB_FanArt: case ImageEntityType.MovieDB_FanArt: sizeType = ImageSizeType.Fanart; break; } if (!isDefault) { // this mean we are removing an image as deafult // which esssential means deleting the record AniDB_Anime_DefaultImage img = RepoFactory.AniDB_Anime_DefaultImage.GetByAnimeIDAndImagezSizeType(animeID, (int) sizeType); if (img != null) RepoFactory.AniDB_Anime_DefaultImage.Delete(img.AniDB_Anime_DefaultImageID); } else { // making the image the default for it's type (poster, fanart etc) AniDB_Anime_DefaultImage img = RepoFactory.AniDB_Anime_DefaultImage.GetByAnimeIDAndImagezSizeType(animeID, (int) sizeType); if (img == null) img = new AniDB_Anime_DefaultImage(); img.AnimeID = animeID; img.ImageParentID = imageID; img.ImageParentType = (int) imgType; img.ImageType = (int) sizeType; RepoFactory.AniDB_Anime_DefaultImage.Save(img); } SVR_AnimeSeries series = RepoFactory.AnimeSeries.GetByAnimeID(animeID); RepoFactory.AnimeSeries.Save(series, false); return string.Empty; } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); return ex.Message; } } #region Calendar (Dashboard) [HttpGet("AniDB/Anime/Calendar/{userID}/{numberOfDays}")] public List<CL_AniDB_Anime> GetMiniCalendar(int userID, int numberOfDays) { // get all the series List<CL_AniDB_Anime> animeList = new List<CL_AniDB_Anime>(); try { SVR_JMMUser user = RepoFactory.JMMUser.GetByID(userID); if (user == null) return animeList; List<SVR_AniDB_Anime> animes = RepoFactory.AniDB_Anime.GetForDate( DateTime.Today.AddDays(0 - numberOfDays), DateTime.Today.AddDays(numberOfDays)); foreach (SVR_AniDB_Anime anime in animes) { if (anime?.Contract?.AniDBAnime == null) continue; if (!user.GetHideCategories().FindInEnumerable(anime.Contract.AniDBAnime.GetAllTags())) animeList.Add(anime.Contract.AniDBAnime); } } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return animeList; } [HttpGet("AniDB/Anime/ForMonth/{userID}/{month}/{year}")] public List<CL_AniDB_Anime> GetAnimeForMonth(int userID, int month, int year) { // get all the series List<CL_AniDB_Anime> animeList = new List<CL_AniDB_Anime>(); try { SVR_JMMUser user = RepoFactory.JMMUser.GetByID(userID); if (user == null) return animeList; DateTime startDate = new DateTime(year, month, 1, 0, 0, 0); DateTime endDate = startDate.AddMonths(1); endDate = endDate.AddMinutes(-10); List<SVR_AniDB_Anime> animes = RepoFactory.AniDB_Anime.GetForDate(startDate, endDate); foreach (SVR_AniDB_Anime anime in animes) { if (anime?.Contract?.AniDBAnime == null) continue; if (!user.GetHideCategories().FindInEnumerable(anime.Contract.AniDBAnime.GetAllTags())) animeList.Add(anime.Contract.AniDBAnime); } } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return animeList; } [HttpPost("AniDB/Anime/Calendar/Update")] public string UpdateCalendarData() { try { Importer.CheckForCalendarUpdate(true); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return string.Empty; } /*public List<Contract_AniDBAnime> GetMiniCalendar(int numberOfDays) { AniDB_AnimeRepository repAnime = new AniDB_AnimeRepository(); JMMUserRepository repUsers = new JMMUserRepository(); // get all the series List<Contract_AniDBAnime> animeList = new List<Contract_AniDBAnime>(); try { List<AniDB_Anime> animes = repAnime.GetForDate(DateTime.Today.AddDays(0 - numberOfDays), DateTime.Today.AddDays(numberOfDays)); foreach (AniDB_Anime anime in animes) { animeList.Add(anime.ToContract()); } } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error( ex,ex.ToString()); } return animeList; }*/ #endregion /// <summary> /// Returns a list of recommendations based on the users votes /// </summary> /// <param name="maxResults"></param> /// <param name="userID"></param> /// <param name="recommendationType">1 = to watch, 2 = to download</param> [HttpGet("Recommendation/{maxResults}/{userID}/{recommendationType}")] public List<CL_Recommendation> GetRecommendations(int maxResults, int userID, int recommendationType) { List<CL_Recommendation> recs = new List<CL_Recommendation>(); try { SVR_JMMUser juser = RepoFactory.JMMUser.GetByID(userID); if (juser == null) return recs; // get all the anime the user has chosen to ignore int ignoreType = 1; switch (recommendationType) { case 1: ignoreType = 1; break; case 2: ignoreType = 2; break; } List<IgnoreAnime> ignored = RepoFactory.IgnoreAnime.GetByUserAndType(userID, ignoreType); Dictionary<int, IgnoreAnime> dictIgnored = new Dictionary<int, IgnoreAnime>(); foreach (IgnoreAnime ign in ignored) dictIgnored[ign.AnimeID] = ign; // find all the series which the user has rated List<AniDB_Vote> allVotes = RepoFactory.AniDB_Vote.GetAll() .OrderByDescending(a => a.VoteValue) .ToList(); if (allVotes.Count == 0) return recs; Dictionary<int, CL_Recommendation> dictRecs = new Dictionary<int, CL_Recommendation>(); List<AniDB_Vote> animeVotes = new List<AniDB_Vote>(); foreach (AniDB_Vote vote in allVotes) { if (vote.VoteType != (int) AniDBVoteType.Anime && vote.VoteType != (int) AniDBVoteType.AnimeTemp) continue; if (dictIgnored.ContainsKey(vote.EntityID)) continue; // check if the user has this anime SVR_AniDB_Anime anime = RepoFactory.AniDB_Anime.GetByAnimeID(vote.EntityID); if (anime == null) continue; // get similar anime List<AniDB_Anime_Similar> simAnime = anime.GetSimilarAnime() .OrderByDescending(a => a.GetApprovalPercentage()) .ToList(); // sort by the highest approval foreach (AniDB_Anime_Similar link in simAnime) { if (dictIgnored.ContainsKey(link.SimilarAnimeID)) continue; SVR_AniDB_Anime animeLink = RepoFactory.AniDB_Anime.GetByAnimeID(link.SimilarAnimeID); if (animeLink != null) if (!juser.AllowedAnime(animeLink)) continue; // don't recommend to watch anime that the user doesn't have if (animeLink == null && recommendationType == 1) continue; // don't recommend to watch series that the user doesn't have SVR_AnimeSeries ser = RepoFactory.AnimeSeries.GetByAnimeID(link.SimilarAnimeID); if (ser == null && recommendationType == 1) continue; if (ser != null) { // don't recommend to watch series that the user has already started watching AnimeSeries_User userRecord = ser.GetUserRecord(userID); if (userRecord != null) { if (userRecord.WatchedEpisodeCount > 0 && recommendationType == 1) continue; } // don't recommend to download anime that the user has files for if (ser.LatestLocalEpisodeNumber > 0 && recommendationType == 2) continue; } CL_Recommendation rec = new CL_Recommendation { BasedOnAnimeID = anime.AnimeID, RecommendedAnimeID = link.SimilarAnimeID }; // if we don't have the anime locally. lets assume the anime has a high rating decimal animeRating = 850; if (animeLink != null) animeRating = animeLink.GetAniDBRating(); rec.Score = CalculateRecommendationScore(vote.VoteValue, link.GetApprovalPercentage(), animeRating); rec.BasedOnVoteValue = vote.VoteValue; rec.RecommendedApproval = link.GetApprovalPercentage(); // check if we have added this recommendation before // this might happen where animes are recommended based on different votes // and could end up with different scores if (dictRecs.ContainsKey(rec.RecommendedAnimeID)) { if (rec.Score < dictRecs[rec.RecommendedAnimeID].Score) continue; } rec.Recommended_AniDB_Anime = null; if (animeLink != null) rec.Recommended_AniDB_Anime = animeLink.Contract.AniDBAnime; rec.BasedOn_AniDB_Anime = anime.Contract.AniDBAnime; rec.Recommended_AnimeSeries = null; if (ser != null) rec.Recommended_AnimeSeries = ser.GetUserContract(userID); SVR_AnimeSeries serBasedOn = RepoFactory.AnimeSeries.GetByAnimeID(anime.AnimeID); if (serBasedOn == null) continue; rec.BasedOn_AnimeSeries = serBasedOn.GetUserContract(userID); dictRecs[rec.RecommendedAnimeID] = rec; } } List<CL_Recommendation> tempRecs = new List<CL_Recommendation>(); foreach (CL_Recommendation rec in dictRecs.Values) tempRecs.Add(rec); // sort by the highest score int numRecs = 0; foreach (CL_Recommendation rec in tempRecs.OrderByDescending(a => a.Score)) { if (numRecs == maxResults) break; recs.Add(rec); numRecs++; } if (recs.Count == 0) return recs; return recs; } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); return recs; } } private double CalculateRecommendationScore(int userVoteValue, double approvalPercentage, decimal animeRating) { double score = userVoteValue; score = score + approvalPercentage; if (approvalPercentage > 90) score = score + 100; if (approvalPercentage > 80) score = score + 100; if (approvalPercentage > 70) score = score + 100; if (approvalPercentage > 60) score = score + 100; if (approvalPercentage > 50) score = score + 100; if (animeRating > 900) score = score + 100; if (animeRating > 800) score = score + 100; if (animeRating > 700) score = score + 100; if (animeRating > 600) score = score + 100; if (animeRating > 500) score = score + 100; return score; } [HttpGet("AniDB/ReleaseGroup/{animeID}")] public List<CL_AniDB_GroupStatus> GetReleaseGroupsForAnime(int animeID) { List<CL_AniDB_GroupStatus> relGroups = new List<CL_AniDB_GroupStatus>(); try { SVR_AnimeSeries series = RepoFactory.AnimeSeries.GetByAnimeID(animeID); if (series == null) return relGroups; // get a list of all the release groups the user is collecting //List<int> userReleaseGroups = new List<int>(); Dictionary<int, int> userReleaseGroups = new Dictionary<int, int>(); foreach (SVR_AnimeEpisode ep in series.GetAnimeEpisodes()) { List<SVR_VideoLocal> vids = ep.GetVideoLocals(); List<string> hashes = vids.Where(a => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(a.Hash)).Select(a => a.Hash).ToList(); foreach (string h in hashes) { SVR_VideoLocal vid = vids.First(a => a.Hash == h); AniDB_File anifile = vid.GetAniDBFile(); if (anifile != null) { if (!userReleaseGroups.ContainsKey(anifile.GroupID)) userReleaseGroups[anifile.GroupID] = 0; userReleaseGroups[anifile.GroupID] = userReleaseGroups[anifile.GroupID] + 1; } } } // get all the release groups for this series List<AniDB_GroupStatus> grpStatuses = RepoFactory.AniDB_GroupStatus.GetByAnimeID(animeID); foreach (AniDB_GroupStatus gs in grpStatuses) { CL_AniDB_GroupStatus cl = gs.ToClient(); if (userReleaseGroups.ContainsKey(gs.GroupID)) { cl.UserCollecting = true; cl.FileCount = userReleaseGroups[gs.GroupID]; } else { cl.UserCollecting = false; cl.FileCount = 0; } relGroups.Add(cl); } } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return relGroups; } [HttpGet("AniDB/Character/{animeID}")] public List<CL_AniDB_Character> GetCharactersForAnime(int animeID) { List<CL_AniDB_Character> chars = new List<CL_AniDB_Character>(); try { SVR_AniDB_Anime anime = RepoFactory.AniDB_Anime.GetByAnimeID(animeID); return anime.GetCharactersContract(); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return chars; } [HttpGet("AniDB/Character/FromSeiyuu/{seiyuuID}")] public List<CL_AniDB_Character> GetCharactersForSeiyuu(int seiyuuID) { List<CL_AniDB_Character> chars = new List<CL_AniDB_Character>(); try { AniDB_Seiyuu seiyuu = RepoFactory.AniDB_Seiyuu.GetByID(seiyuuID); if (seiyuu == null) return chars; List<AniDB_Character_Seiyuu> links = RepoFactory.AniDB_Character_Seiyuu.GetBySeiyuuID(seiyuu.SeiyuuID); foreach (AniDB_Character_Seiyuu chrSei in links) { AniDB_Character chr = RepoFactory.AniDB_Character.GetByID(chrSei.CharID); if (chr != null) { List<AniDB_Anime_Character> aniChars = RepoFactory.AniDB_Anime_Character.GetByCharID(chr.CharID); if (aniChars.Count > 0) { SVR_AniDB_Anime anime = RepoFactory.AniDB_Anime.GetByAnimeID(aniChars[0].AnimeID); if (anime != null) { CL_AniDB_Character cl = chr.ToClient(aniChars[0].CharType); chars.Add(cl); } } } } } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return chars; } [HttpGet("AniDB/Seiyuu/{seiyuuID}")] public AniDB_Seiyuu GetAniDBSeiyuu(int seiyuuID) { try { return RepoFactory.AniDB_Seiyuu.GetByID(seiyuuID); } catch (Exception ex) { logger.Error(ex, ex.ToString()); } return null; } } }

Corporate critics, myself included, have long complained about the unwillingness of federal authorities to hold top executives personally responsible for illicit practices at the businesses they run. It was thus surprising but encouraging to learn that the Justice Department Antitrust Division has gotten a grand jury to return an indictment against the chief executive of Bumble Bee Foods for participating in a conspiracy to fix prices of packaged seafood sold in the United States. The case against Christopher Lischewski comes in the wake of the prosecution of the company itself, which last year agreed to pay a criminal fine of $25 million, which under certain circumstances could rise to more than $80 million. The investigation has also ensnared several other individuals, including two at Bumble Bee, which is owned by the British private equity firm Lion Capital, and one at rival Star Kist. We can hope that these cases are a sign that the Trump Administration’s Antitrust Division is taking its job seriously. Since Trump took office, the division has announced several large penalties against foreign banks such as France’s BNP Paribas for manipulation of currency markets, but this was the continuation of an investigation that began under Obama. Some other Trump era cases have been pretty minor, such as the $409,342 fine imposed on an e-commerce company for fixing the price of promotional wristbands. Price manipulation relating to consumer and industrial products is a perennial form of corporate misconduct. It is one of the main business offenses that regularly involves criminal charges and results in guilty pleas. In Violation Tracker we document 241 Antitrust Division cases against corporations that resulted in more than $10 billion in penalties. Looking at the list, one is struck by the fact that so many of the defendants are foreign firms, including 11 of the dozen biggest fines. This is not to say that U.S. companies don’t fix prices. Probably the most famous price-fixing case ever was the conspiracy to manipulate the electrical equipment market by the likes of General Electric and Westinghouse in the 1950s. U.S. agribusiness giant Archer Daniels Midland was at the center of a lysine price fixing scandal in the 1990s. It may be that in recent years federal antitrust prosecutors have felt pressure not to go after domestic companies, or else that foreign corporations are emboldened by the pro-business climate in the U.S. to engage in more brazen behavior. In any event, at a time of unprecedented concentration of ownership in many U.S. industries, there is bound to be plenty of price collusion going on that needs to be investigated. “Yesterday was not a good day for Novartis.” That’s what the chief executive of the pharmaceutical giant told his staff in the wake of embarrassing reports that it was among a handful of large corporations that made questionable payments to President Trump’s personal fixer Michael Cohen. Novartis, which initially struggled to come up with a plausible explanation for its $1.2 million contract with Cohen, ultimately admitted it was a “mistake.” If so, it was not quite a honest mistake. Novartis, like the rest of Big Pharma, was unnerved by the seeming populism of Trump on the issue of drug prices. Yet it also apparently realized this was an administration that was susceptible to outside influences, especially if they came via someone like Cohen, who in 2017 seemed to be a much more significant player than he turned out to be. It should come as no surprise that Novartis would resort to dubious measures to promote its interests, which include getting federal blessing for its leukemia drug Kymriah, which costs nearly $400,000 for a course of treatment. The Swiss company has a long history of improper behavior. For example, in 2010 it had to pay $422 million to resolve criminal and civil liability arising from charges that it engaged in illegal marketing of its epilepsy drug Trileptal, including the payment of kickbacks to doctors to get them to prescribe the medication for off-label purposes. In 2015 Novartis agreed to pay $390 million to settle a case brought by the U.S. Attorney in Manhattan accusing it of making illegal kickbacks to get specialty pharmacies to recommend two of its drugs, Exjade and Myfortic. Novartis does not limit its illicit marketing to the United States. In 2016 the Securities and Exchange Commission announced that the company would pay $25 million to settle charges that it violated the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act when its China-based subsidiaries engaged in pay-to-prescribe schemes to increase sales. While Novartis seems willing to make questionable payments to sell its products or gain regulatory favor, it has been less interested in paying some of its employees what they should have received in compensation. The company will be featured in a report on wage theft my colleagues and I will publish next month. That’s because of a collective action lawsuit brought on behalf of the company’s sales representatives, who alleged that they were improperly classified as exempt from overtime pay. In 2012 Novartis paid $99 million to settle the suit. In 2005 a group of women who had worked as sales reps for Novartis in the United States filed a lawsuit saying they were discriminated against in pay and promotions, especially after becoming pregnant. In 2010 a federal jury ruled in favor of the women, awarding them $3.3 million in compensatory damages and $250 million in punitive damages. Novartis appealed and then settled the case for $152 million. All of this is to say that Novartis had long engaged in less than pristine business practices and got the impression it could go on doing so with the Trump Administration. For more than 80 years, the Federal Bureau of Investigation has collected and published wide-ranging data on criminal activity in the United States. The bureau’s annual compilations provide exhaustive statistics on murder, rape, robbery, arson, motor vehicle theft and other forms of violent and property crimes reported by state and local law enforcement agencies across the country. Implicit in the FBI’s methodology is the idea that crimes are only committed by individuals, whether alone or in gangs or Mafia families. The compilations give no indication that there is such a thing as corporate crime. Ralph Nader has long been on a mission to get the federal government to pay statistical attention to crime in the suites. In a recent open letter to Attorney General Jeff Sessions, he renewed his call for an official database “including but not limited to antitrust and price-fixing, environmental crimes, financial crimes, overseas bribery, health care fraud, trade violations, labor and employment-related violations (discrimination and occupational injuries and deaths), consumer fraud and damage to consumer health and safety, and corporate tax fraud onshore and offshore.” The letter argues that such a database would help deter corporate crime by giving prosecutors, regulators and judges information to assess appropriate sanctions, especially for recidivist companies. It also notes that the data would help federal procurement officials identify companies that fail to meet the “responsible contractor” standard in the Federal Acquisition Regulation. I’m proud to say that I am not only one of the co-signers of the letter but that the document cites Violation Tracker as an example, along with the University of Virginia Law School’s Corporate Prosecution Registry, of non-governmental efforts to fill the federal void. Violation Tracker attempts to meet a number of the criteria set forth in the open letter, including the collection of data on a wide range of corporate misconduct categories, the ability to search by company name, links to ultimate parents, and compilations of the cases associated with each parent and each agency. We also include links to the official source documents from which we derive the data. This is worth noting: federal agencies and the Justice Department already publish information on individual cases, whether in the form of press releases or periodic reports. The PACER database provides online access to dockets and documents in federal lawsuits of all kinds. What Violation Tracker does – and what the open letter says the federal government should do – is to compile that disparate information and make it easy to learn the track record of individual corporations. The open letter also calls for an official database that also does something that Violation Tracker currently provides in a limited way: “analysis of trends in corporate crime and an explanation of the relative effectiveness of various conventional sanctions, and the potential of new sanctions.” Although a DOJ spokesperson told Corporate Crime Reporter that it is reviewing the open letter, it is unlikely that the federal database will appear anytime soon. But it is worth remembering that there is a precedent for turning a non-profit database into a federal resource. The FedSpending database of federal contracts and grants created by OMB Watch served as the basis for the official USAspending resource. I would be happy to see Violation Tracker used in the same way, but for now I will go on collecting data so there is at least an unofficial way to research corporate crime and misconduct. The titans of the tech economy want us to believe that among their achievements is the transformation of the workplace into a more humane and nurturing environment. This accounts for the frequent stories about headquarters campuses with endless amenities and flexible work arrangements. It’s often another story when you look beyond those glittering complexes to the more mundane sites where the routine work is done. The manufacturing, distribution and customer service facilities that prop up the tech companies have a lot in common, in a bad way, with their old economy counterparts. The latest indication of that reality comes in the 2018 edition of the National Council for Occupational Safety and Health’s Dirty Dozen list of employers that put workers and communities most at risk. The council is a federation of local COSH groups that for nearly 50 years have been promoting safer workplace practices. This year’s Dirty Dozen includes two new-economy corporations that work hard to portray themselves as enlightened: Amazon.com and Tesla Motors. Amazon makes the list because of a series of fatal workplace accidents at its warehouses over the past five years. The report points out that the facilities create hazards by demanding that workers maintain a dangerously intense pace of work in order to service the company’s rapid delivery system. One Amazon center in Pennsylvania became infamous for having paramedics stationed outside full-time to deal with the frequent cases of dehydration and heat stress. Violation Tracker’s summary page for Amazon lists 17 OSHA fines totaling $208,675 – but most of those come from its Whole Foods subsidiary. Amazon’s distribution and fulfillment centers don’t have more entries because many of their workers are technically employees of temp agencies and leasing firms. Tesla makes the Dirty Dozen list because National COSH found that its injury rate was 31 percent higher than the rest of the automotive industry and its rate of serious injuries was 83 percent higher. The report cites a series of articles about the safety problems at Tesla, including a Los Angeles Times story stating that Tesla had an accident rate greater than notoriously unsafe industries such as sawmills and slaughterhouses, despite being much more automated. Tesla’s reported accident rate may actually be understated. The Center for Investigative Reporting’s Reveal project found that Tesla failed to include some of its serious injuries on legally mandated reports. Among the reasons Amazon and Tesla have been able to get away with their unsafe practices is the absence of unions in their U.S. facilities. Both companies have succeeded, so far, in beating back labor organizing campaigns by employing the argument that workers at a supposedly enlightened company do not need a third party to represent them. The truth, of course, is that unions are not really third parties but instead an expression of the desire of workers to present a united front in dealing with management. When it comes to employers such as Amazon and Tesla, that collective action may be the only way to ensure that workers can get through the day in one piece. The passengers who survived Southwest Flight 1380’s engine explosion are feeling lucky to be alive and grateful for the skilled landing executed by pilot Tammie Jo Shults. Another group feeling relief are the top executives of Allegiant Air. If the accident had happened to one of their planes, the carrier’s survival might be in question. That’s because of the revelations contained in a remarkable 60 Minutes investigative report on Allegiant that aired on April 15th. Correspondent Steve Kroft described the culture of the budget carrier as one that puts profits before safety and that discourages pilots from reporting mechanical problems with their aircraft. The piece documented an alarming pattern of aborted takeoffs, cabin pressure loss, emergency descents and unscheduled landings during Allegiant flights. In one incident Allegiant, whose executives refused to be interviewed by 60 Minutes, fired a pilot who made an emergency landing when smoke appeared in the cabin and then ordered passengers to exit rapidly through escape chutes once the plane was on the ground. To its credit, 60 Minutes did not focus only on Allegiant. It also investigated why a carrier with such a checkered track record was still allowed to fly. The answer turned out to be that the Federal Aviation Administration has during the past few years adopted a less confrontational enforcement approach. Kroft grilled John Duncan, the FAA’s head of flight standards, who went through extraordinary verbal contortions to avoid saying anything negative about Allegiant’s record. Duncan insisted that each incident was addressed separately and refused to acknowledge there was any pattern of misconduct. Duncan is a living embodiment of that new FAA approach, which involves quietly cooperating with carriers to fix problems rather than pressuring them with large fines and other public sanctions. The FAA has not abandoned monetary penalties entirely. In Violation Tracker, Allegiant has eight entries from the agency, the largest being a $175,000 fine from 2015 for drug testing deficiencies. Penalties like that are fine for routine infractions, but something a lot more punitive is needed when a company has the kind of dismal record attributed to Allegiant. Higher fines are just part of what is needed at the FAA. The agency should return to an adversarial posture and compel rogue carriers such as Allegiant to take safety issues seriously. It won’t be easy for the FAA to change its course, since the Trump Administration and Congressional Republicans are on a crusade against just about every kind of regulation. The latest maneuver is the use of the Congressional Review Act, an obscure law employed last year to undo rules adopted by the Obama Administration during the prior 12 months, to eliminate a longer-standing one: the 2013 Consumer Financial Protection Bureau regulation barring auto lenders from charging minority customers higher interest rates. This obsession with dismantling the so-called administrative state has gone beyond all justification and is putting the population more and more at the mercy of unscrupulous companies. There have been times during the past 14 months when some people might have been tempted to regard big business as part of the anti-Trump resistance, based on the public stances that some chief executives have taken in response to the president’s more outrageous statements. A new report from Oxfam America shows that large corporations are not putting most of their money where their mouths are. The Oxfam analysis compares the public rhetoric of 70 large U.S. corporations on topics such as immigration, diversity and climate change to the issues listed in their federal lobbying spending disclosures. It finds that most companies spent little or no money lobbying to reinforce their high-minded pronouncements. Instead, they dispatched their armies of lobbyists to press for government action that would promote their own corporate self-interest, primarily through rollbacks in regulation and business taxes. For example, of the 70 companies only 13 (most tech firms) lobbied on diversity and inclusion, spending a total of $11 million. By contrast, 61 of the 70 lobbied on tax issues, spending a total of $44 million. As Irit Tamir, Oxfam’s Director for the Private Sector, puts it: “Today’s CEOs have more appetite to align their company’s public image with specific sides in some of the country’s most contested and polarized debates. On issues ranging from gay marriage to refugee rights, executives across industries have been pushed – or willingly walked – into the eye of the political storm. But when we look at what they are lobbying on behind closed doors, they really, really, really want to pay less in taxes while other issues take a back seat. Words matter, but actions – and lobbying dollars – still speak louder.” Oxfam, which has done considerable work on corporate tax avoidance, finds it particularly troubling that so much of big business influence spending promotes policies that undermine public finance and contribute to the growth of inequality. That’s certainly a valid point, but the report’s findings also highlight the reality that much of what is presented as corporate social responsibility is actually a smokescreen for more selfish practices. There is a parallel between this deception and that of the president. Trump pretends to be a populist while actually promoting much of the conventional big business agenda. Corporate social responsibility proponents pretend to be social reformers while quietly lobbying for that same agenda. Moreover, the social responsibility initiatives themselves are often little more than image-burnishing measures and in some cases are designed to convey the dangerous message that voluntary corporate practices make stricter government regulation unnecessary. The lesson from all this is that we should not pay too much attention to what either Trump or the big business reformers say and instead focus on what they are doing, which is to steadily dismantle the systems of regulation and taxation that are meant to keep predatory capitalism in check. Like many others in Trump’s America, big business seems to be confused on where it stands. One minute it is receiving its dream list of tax cuts and regulatory rollbacks, the next minute it is being attacked by the president for real or imaginary transgressions. Trump’s corporate villain du jour is Amazon.com, which he has criticized for supposed offenses such as cheating the U.S. Postal Service. As with Trump’s other Twitter tirades, any grain of truth in his position is overwhelmed by a torrent of incoherent and misdirected accusations and insults. Amazon certainly has a lot to answer for. The online behemoth has gone a long way in supplanting Walmart as the country’s most controversial retailer. The labor practices in its distribution centers are horrendous. It is decimating small business. Most recently, it is conducting a competition among 20 localities for a second headquarters campus that will supposedly create 50,000 jobs, signaling that it expects a giant subsidy package from the winner. Some places are ponying up offers in the billions, setting the stage for a future fiscal disaster. Trump has focused on none of these issues in his tweetstorms against Amazon. He did mention the issue of sales tax collection, though his critique was out of date. After years of refusing to collect taxes in most parts of the country, Amazon has made agreements with state governments yet is still not collecting the local component in many places and is not requiring the third-party vendors that use its website to add taxes on their sales. It is unclear whether Trump’s complaint about Amazon’s arrangement with the Postal Service has any validity, given that the terms are confidential. What seems to be inaccurate is the claim that the USPS is losing money on the packages its delivers for Amazon, which is enabling the post office to make use of excess capacity. The problem is that Trump’s sloppy criticism is prompting many people to jump to the defense of Amazon, which doesn’t deserve all the support. The Washington Post, separately owned by Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos and probably the real target of Trump’s wrath, should be defended for its critical reporting on a corrupt administration. Yet even if Trump is incapable of making the distinction, others should not feel that rising to protect the free press requires one to also take the side of a corporate cousin involved in very different activities. The Amazon situation is a symptom of a larger problem. Trump’s potshots against various companies amount to fake corporate campaigns that may be making it more difficult for real campaigners to get their message across — in the same way that Trump’s ham-fisted tariffs are complicating things for legitimate fair trade activists. To the extent that his fake criticisms engender pro-corporate responses, Trump could end up strengthening the position of big business. If Trump were smarter, one might think that was his intention all along. More likely, it just another aspect of the chaos in which we must now live. Large banks have paid out more than $87 billion in fines and settlements to resolve allegations about the sale of toxic securities in the period leading up to the financial meltdown a decade ago. Another $43 billion was paid out in connection with mortgage abuses. It’s unclear whether these unprecedented penalties had any lasting deterrent effect. As has been made clear in the Wells Fargo scandal, bad bank behavior has hardly disappeared. And now the financial services industry is pushing to weaken the modest restrictions implemented under the Dodd-Frank Act. Imagine how different things might be if the federal government had the tools and the inclination to hold top bank executives personally responsible for the reckless and fraudulent behavior of their institutions. What if, instead of making payouts that they regarded as a tolerable cost of doing business, financial CEOs found themselves behind bars? One component of the bill would require top executives of banks with more than $10 billion in assets to certify annually that they have conducted due diligence and found no criminal conduct or civil fraud within their institution. This would make it easier to bring individual prosecutions when it turns out that such certifications were false. Another portion of the bill would create a permanent investigative unit for financial crimes. Designed along the lines of the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program, which brought successful cases against executives at smaller banks, it would be known as the Special Inspector General for Financial Institution Crime. Properly funded, this unit could take on expensive and complicated cases. Finally, the bill would mandate judicial oversight of deferred prosecution agreements, or DPAs. Along with the failure to prosecute top executives, the Obama Justice Department also continued the dubious practice that started under Bush of making numerous deals with large corporations by which they escaped prosecution for their transgressions, on the condition that they paid a financial penalty and promised to end the offending behavior. Since 2003 about 140 DPAs have been created, along with a larger number of cases involving a variant, the non-prosecution agreement. It is unclear how much effort the Justice Department put into enforcing the DPAs. Warren’s bill would give the courts the power to oversee compliance with these agreements. In fact, it would require courts to determine whether a proposed DPA is in the public interest. Finally, the legislation would require the Justice Department to establish a searchable database of DPAs. Until that comes into existence, you can use Violation Tracker to find information on more than 300 DPAs and NPAs. Warren’s bill would greatly advance the kind of law and order the country truly needs. The SEC’s enforcement action against Theranos Inc. and its founder Elizabeth Holmes puts a new focus on the persistence of corporate crime in the healthcare sector after a period in which the business culprits getting the most attention were banks such as Wells Fargo and automotive companies such as Volkswagen and Takata. Another reminder of the checkered history of health companies comes in a new report from Public Citizen on the trend in legal penalties imposed on pharmaceutical firms. The study, an update of three previous analyses on the subject done by the group, documents a disturbing trend: Although there is no reason to think that egregious drug company misbehavior has disappeared, aggregate criminal penalties against those firms have plunged. Public Citizen finds that criminal penalties in 2016-2017 were just $317 million, down 88 percent from four years earlier. Combined federal criminal and civil penalties over the same period of time declined from $8.7 billion to $2.8 billion, a drop of more than two-thirds. At the heart of this trend, the report finds, is a falloff in penalties from settlements of cases involving the unlawful promotion of prescription drugs. Those penalties are down by 94 percent from their peak in 2012-2013. It is probably true that Big Pharma has toned down the brazen behavior that led to giant penalties such as the $3 billion imposed on GlaxoSmithKline, the $2.3 billion imposed on Pfizer, the $2.2 billion imposed on Johnson & Johnson, the $1.5 billion imposed on Abbott Laboratories, the $1.4 billion imposed on Eli Lilly, the $950 million imposed on Merck, etc. One problem that has by no means disappeared is the improper distribution of opioids. Although Purdue Pharma was penalized $461 million in 2007 and various wholesalers and pharmacy chains have been hit with smaller fines since then, there is no indication that the misconduct is receding. Part of the problem is that the president of the United States has directed little criticism against the drug industry while making inflammatory statements about illicit traffickers, including the suggestion of imposing the death penalty. He has also expressed his admiration for the extra-judicial executions of drug dealers in the Philippines. The decline in drug industry fines is part of a larger tendency by the Trump Administration to scale back penalties against corporations in all industries. As I previously noted, the latest update to Violation Tracker through the end of Trump’s first 12 months shows a remarkable drop in penalties, especially for the very largest companies in the Fortune 100. This can be seen as a form of stealth deregulation. Increasingly, Big Pharma and other industries benefit both from rolled-back rulemaking and from diminished financial consequences if they break the rules still on the books. It is truly a nirvana for rogue corporations. Bipartisanship has returned to Washington, thanks to the overwhelming desire of Republicans and quite a few Democrats to roll back portions of the Dodd-Frank Act. Ten years after the onset of the financial meltdown and seven years after the law went into effect, the relentless efforts of the banking lobby seem to be paying off. The legislation, S.2155, is being sold as much needed relief for smaller banks that were supposedly treated unfairly by Dodd-Frank. Some adjustment to the law might make sense for very small banks, but the bill has evolved into something that will benefit larger institutions that still merit close scrutiny. Using relief for community banks as a stalking horse, proponents of the bill have added provisions that will reduce the degree of supervision that would be exercised on banks with assets up to $250 billion. Those with assets between $50 billion and $100 billion would benefit the most. The two dozen banks (listed in a Congressional Research Service report) that would be affected by these provisions are hardly mom and pop financial institutions. And while the most harm to the economy was done by the likes of Bank of America, Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase and Wells Fargo, these mid-sized banks have records that are far from spotless. Take the case of Credit Suisse, the Swiss bank whose U.S. operation has assets of about $215 billion. During the final days of the Obama Administration it had to pay $5.3 billion to settle a case involving the sale of toxic securities a decade ago. In 2014 it paid $1.8 billion in connection with criminal charges of helping U.S. taxpayers file false returns. In 2009 it paid $268 million to settle criminal allegations relating to economic sanctions. In all, Credit Suisse has more than $9 billion documented in Violation Tracker, ranking it tenth among all corporations. Or consider Barclays, the British bank whose U.S. operation has assets of about $180 billion. In 2015 it pled guilty to criminal charges of conspiring to manipulate foreign exchange markets and was fined $710 million while also paying $400 million to settle related civil allegations. That same year it had to pay $325 million to settle a case brought by the National Credit Union Administration concerning Barclay’s sale of toxic securities a decade earlier. Its Violation Tracker total is more than $3 billion, putting it in nineteenth place among all corporations. Foreign banks are not the only bad actors on the list. Atlanta-based SunTrust, with about $200 billion in assets, has racked up more than $1.5 billion in penalties, including one case in which it had to provide $500 million in relief to underwater borrowers to resolve allegations that it engaged in deceptive and illegal mortgage servicing practices. Among the other items in its rap sheet is a $21 million payment to resolve allegations that it charged higher loan rates to black and Latino borrowers. The S.2155 beneficiary list includes half a dozen additional domestic banks with $100 million or more in penalties: Ally Financial, American Express, Discover Financial Services, Fifth Third Bancorp, M&T Bank Corporation, and Regions Financial Corporation. A bank does not have to be gigantic to be problematic. These culprits should not lumped together with community banks in deciding whether to tinker with Dodd-Frank.

Hidden Valley is giving a $35,000 bottle of ranch to the Royal Couple. The bottle is made of 18-carat white gold, diamond and sapphire-encrusted glass. Don’t worry. You can win an identical copy of the luxurious bottle. Our beautiful Easter centerpiece bread offers a healthier take on the classic egg- and butter-enriched bread. It’s made completely with white whole-wheat flour and less added sugar (in this case, honey) than many traditional recipes.

Q: error: invalid conversion from ‘void*’ to ‘char’ c++ array Very new to C++ and when I compile I get this error: error: invalid conversion from ‘void*’ to ‘char’ What on earth does this mean? I presume it's something memory related, I have not initiated the array or something along those lines? Here is my code: char students[150][150]; int main() { readFile(); } void readFile() { string line; ifstream file("scores.txt"); for(int i = 0; i < 150; i++) { for (int x = 0; x < 150; x++) { students[i][x] = getline(file, line, ' '); } } for(int i = 0; i < 150; i++) { cout << students[i][i]; } } A: getline returns a basic_istream, and you can't set it to the type char

If the workers (and actors) are all just "contractors" then they are only employed on a "hire-and-fire" basis. This makes it cheap and easy for the productions - but probably quite uncomfortable for all the "freelancer" workers/actors who don't really have some reliable employment - only temporary and easy to terminate contracts ... If the parliament bill really means to stipulate this contractor based employment model, then the unions damaged there cause A LOT and made future prospects and efforts for labor rights and common, unionized standards of employment and workers/actors-rights and conditions much much worse and harder to achieve! The unions really messed this up a lot! . someone please whip the Whipp!

Q: C# - Code optimization to get all substrings from a string I was working on a code snippet to get all substrings from a given string. Here is the code that I use var stringList = new List<string>(); for (int length = 1; length < mainString.Length; length++) { for (int start = 0; start <= mainString.Length - length; start++) { var substring = mainString.Substring(start, length); stringList.Add(substring); } } It looks not so great to me, with two for loops. Is there any other way that I can achieve this with better time complexity. I am stuck on the point that, for getting a substring, I will surely need two loops. Is there any other way I can look into ? A: The number of substrings in a string is O(n^2), so one loop inside another is the best you can do. You are correct in your code structure. Here's how I would've phrased your code: void Main() { var stringList = new List<string>(); string s = "1234"; for (int i=0; i <s.Length; i++) for (int j=i; j < s.Length; j++) stringList.Add(s.Substring(i,j-i+1)); } A: You do need 2 for loops Demo here var input = "asd sdf dfg"; var stringList = new List<string>(); for (int i = 0; i < input.Length; i++) { for (int j = i; j < input.Length; j++) { var substring = input.Substring(i, j-i+1); stringList.Add(substring); } } foreach(var item in stringList) { Console.WriteLine(item); } Update You cannot improve on the iterations. However you can improve performance, by using fixed arrays and pointers

Main menu Monthly Archives: December 2004 Post navigation Yes, I’ve just rewritten the cpufreq applet. There were some things that I wanted for the applet and I hadn’t done yet because it was necessary to change the current code design. Some of them are: The applet should be independent of the data access method. The applet should behave as a simple viewer, and it shouldn’t know the data access details. My solution is a monitor that will do the data access work and will give these data to the applet The current applet is updated every second, even when there aren’t changes. I think it’s an error because most of the time, the cpu keeps the same frequency. With the new monitor it’s not the applet who is running every second, but the monitor. The monitor will get the data every second and will emit a signal when there are changes. The applet only has to listen for the signal for doing the update I think that the advantages are evident . . . I thought that the best way to do these things, it was an object oriented design. The monitor is an abstract class (CPUFreqMonitor) that has a child class for every possible monitor (CPUFreqMonitorProcs, CPUFreqMonitorSysfs, . . .). The applet only knows the CPUFreqMonitor class, so the methods for getting the data are virtual methods, polymorphic entities. In this way, we can add new monitors in the future (based on libcpufreq, HAL or whatever) by only writing a new class and without changing any line of code in the applet. We can even decide which monitor will be used at run time. CPUFreq Applet new code design in UML We have now an applet more efficient and extensible. While I rewrote the code I also migrated from gnome_about to gtk_about and I did some code cleanups. I haven’t committed yet, because I want to test it a little more. I think I will commit with the new icons, since nobody has said anything bad of them.

Q: Representing 1+1 Minkowski space as a surface in 3D Euclidean space In 1+1 Minkowski space the distance between two points is given by$$ (x_1 -x_2)^2 -(t_1 - t_2)^2.$$ This is different from the Euclidean distance. But is it possible to come up with a 2D surface embedded in 3D Euclidean space such that the geodesic distance between two points on the surface is like that in Minkowski space? A: No, it is not possible because the induced metric on any submanifold $N$ of the Euclidean space $E^3$ is necessarily positively defined, whereas the metric on $1+1$ Minkowski space is indefinite. The reason is trivial: The scalar product $\\langle u,v\\rangle $ of two vectors $u,v$ in $N$ is, by definition, the scalar product in $E^3$ of these vectors viewed as vectors in $E^3$, so that $\\langle u,u\\rangle \\geq 0$ -- where $\\langle u,u\\rangle=0$ implies $u=0$ -- in any cases, contrarily to what may happen in Lorentzian manifolds.

<?php /* * Copyright 2014 Google Inc. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ /** * A task runner with exponential backoff support. * * @see https://developers.google.com/drive/web/handle-errors#implementing_exponential_backoff */ class Google_Task_Runner { const TASK_RETRY_NEVER = 0; const TASK_RETRY_ONCE = 1; const TASK_RETRY_ALWAYS = -1; /** * @var integer $maxDelay The max time (in seconds) to wait before a retry. */ private $maxDelay = 60; /** * @var integer $delay The previous delay from which the next is calculated. */ private $delay = 1; /** * @var integer $factor The base number for the exponential back off. */ private $factor = 2; /** * @var float $jitter A random number between -$jitter and $jitter will be * added to $factor on each iteration to allow for a better distribution of * retries. */ private $jitter = 0.5; /** * @var integer $attempts The number of attempts that have been tried so far. */ private $attempts = 0; /** * @var integer $maxAttempts The max number of attempts allowed. */ private $maxAttempts = 1; /** * @var callable $action The task to run and possibly retry. */ private $action; /** * @var array $arguments The task arguments. */ private $arguments; /** * @var array $retryMap Map of errors with retry counts. */ protected $retryMap = [ '500' => self::TASK_RETRY_ALWAYS, '503' => self::TASK_RETRY_ALWAYS, 'rateLimitExceeded' => self::TASK_RETRY_ALWAYS, 'userRateLimitExceeded' => self::TASK_RETRY_ALWAYS, 6 => self::TASK_RETRY_ALWAYS, // CURLE_COULDNT_RESOLVE_HOST 7 => self::TASK_RETRY_ALWAYS, // CURLE_COULDNT_CONNECT 28 => self::TASK_RETRY_ALWAYS, // CURLE_OPERATION_TIMEOUTED 35 => self::TASK_RETRY_ALWAYS, // CURLE_SSL_CONNECT_ERROR 52 => self::TASK_RETRY_ALWAYS // CURLE_GOT_NOTHING ]; /** * Creates a new task runner with exponential backoff support. * * @param array $config The task runner config * @param string $name The name of the current task (used for logging) * @param callable $action The task to run and possibly retry * @param array $arguments The task arguments * @throws Google_Task_Exception when misconfigured */ public function __construct( $config, $name, $action, array $arguments = array() ) { if (isset($config['initial_delay'])) { if ($config['initial_delay'] < 0) { throw new Google_Task_Exception( 'Task configuration `initial_delay` must not be negative.' ); } $this->delay = $config['initial_delay']; } if (isset($config['max_delay'])) { if ($config['max_delay'] <= 0) { throw new Google_Task_Exception( 'Task configuration `max_delay` must be greater than 0.' ); } $this->maxDelay = $config['max_delay']; } if (isset($config['factor'])) { if ($config['factor'] <= 0) { throw new Google_Task_Exception( 'Task configuration `factor` must be greater than 0.' ); } $this->factor = $config['factor']; } if (isset($config['jitter'])) { if ($config['jitter'] <= 0) { throw new Google_Task_Exception( 'Task configuration `jitter` must be greater than 0.' ); } $this->jitter = $config['jitter']; } if (isset($config['retries'])) { if ($config['retries'] < 0) { throw new Google_Task_Exception( 'Task configuration `retries` must not be negative.' ); } $this->maxAttempts += $config['retries']; } if (!is_callable($action)) { throw new Google_Task_Exception( 'Task argument `$action` must be a valid callable.' ); } $this->action = $action; $this->arguments = $arguments; } /** * Checks if a retry can be attempted. * * @return boolean */ public function canAttempt() { return $this->attempts < $this->maxAttempts; } /** * Runs the task and (if applicable) automatically retries when errors occur. * * @return mixed * @throws Google_Task_Retryable on failure when no retries are available. */ public function run() { while ($this->attempt()) { try { return call_user_func_array($this->action, $this->arguments); } catch (Google_Service_Exception $exception) { $allowedRetries = $this->allowedRetries( $exception->getCode(), $exception->getErrors() ); if (!$this->canAttempt() || !$allowedRetries) { throw $exception; } if ($allowedRetries > 0) { $this->maxAttempts = min( $this->maxAttempts, $this->attempts + $allowedRetries ); } } } } /** * Runs a task once, if possible. This is useful for bypassing the `run()` * loop. * * NOTE: If this is not the first attempt, this function will sleep in * accordance to the backoff configurations before running the task. * * @return boolean */ public function attempt() { if (!$this->canAttempt()) { return false; } if ($this->attempts > 0) { $this->backOff(); } $this->attempts++; return true; } /** * Sleeps in accordance to the backoff configurations. */ private function backOff() { $delay = $this->getDelay(); usleep($delay * 1000000); } /** * Gets the delay (in seconds) for the current backoff period. * * @return float */ private function getDelay() { $jitter = $this->getJitter(); $factor = $this->attempts > 1 ? $this->factor + $jitter : 1 + abs($jitter); return $this->delay = min($this->maxDelay, $this->delay * $factor); } /** * Gets the current jitter (random number between -$this->jitter and * $this->jitter). * * @return float */ private function getJitter() { return $this->jitter * 2 * mt_rand() / mt_getrandmax() - $this->jitter; } /** * Gets the number of times the associated task can be retried. * * NOTE: -1 is returned if the task can be retried indefinitely * * @return integer */ public function allowedRetries($code, $errors = array()) { if (isset($this->retryMap[$code])) { return $this->retryMap[$code]; } if ( !empty($errors) && isset($errors[0]['reason'], $this->retryMap[$errors[0]['reason']]) ) { return $this->retryMap[$errors[0]['reason']]; } return 0; } public function setRetryMap($retryMap) { $this->retryMap = $retryMap; } }

Bayesian phylogenetics and its influence on insect systematics. Bayesian inference and Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques have enjoyed enormous popularity since they were introduced into phylogenetics about a decade ago. We provide an overview of the field, with emphasis on recent developments of importance to empirical systematists. In particular, we describe a number of recent advances in the stochastic modeling of evolution that address major deficiencies in current models in a computationally efficient way. These include models of process heterogeneity across sites and lineages, as well as alignment-free models and model averaging approaches. Many of these methods should find their way into standard analyses in the near future. We also summarize the influence of Bayesian methods on insect systematics, with particular focus on current practices and how they could be improved using existing and emerging techniques.

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1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a monolithic ceramic capacitor. 2. Description of the Prior Art Monolithic ceramic capacitors generally comprise a plurality of stacked dielectric ceramic layers, a plurality of internal electrodes formed between two adjacent dielectric ceramic layers, and external electrodes formed on opposite sides of the stacked ceramic layers and connected to the internal electrodes. Stronium titanate and a small amount of bismuth incorporated wherein have previously been used as dielectric materials because of their relatively large dielectric constant, small voltage dependency of dielectric constant and small dielectric loss. Typical dielectric ceramics of the prior art include a composition of a SrTiO.sub.3 -PbTiO.sub.3 -Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3.sup..multidot. nTiO.sub.2 system (Japanese patent Laid-open No. 49-30900), a dielectric ceramic composition of a SrTiO.sub.3 - MgTiO.sub.3 - Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 - TiO.sub.2 - Pb.sub.3 O.sub.4 system (Japanese patent publication No. 59-8923), a dielectric ceramic composition of a SrTiO.sub.3 -CaTiO.sub.3 - Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3.sup..multidot. nTiO.sub.2 system (Laid-open No. 59-20908), and a If such compositions are used in monolithic 60-145951). If such a composition is applied to monolithic ceramic capacitors, the internal electrodes is should be made of material such as platinum and silver-palladium alloys which have high melting points and high resistance to oxidation at high temperatures. This is because the compositions have high sintering temperatures of not less than 1120 .degree. C. A drawback to using platinum and silver-palladium alloy is their high cost. In addition, if any silver-palladium alloy is used as the internal electrode material, it causes migration of silver into the ceramic layers, resulting in lowering the electrical properties of the capacitors. Further, the silver-palladium alloy causes increased equivalent series resistance of the capacitors because of its low conductivity. To solve these problems, use of copper or a copper alloy has been proposed as a material for internal electrodes because these materials are low in price and high in conductivity. In order to use copper or a copper alloy as an internal electrode material, it is required to fire the dielectric ceramic composition in a reducing atmosphere since such a material has a low melting point and is easily oxidized at the sintering temperature of the dielectric ceramic compositions of the prior art. However, if the dielectric ceramic compositions of the prior art are fired in reducing atmospheres, the bismuth oxide contained therein is reduced during firing, resulting in lowering of the insulating resistance. Thus, it is impossible to use copper or a copper alloy as a material for internal electrodes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an expensive monolithic ceramic capacitor which does not experience decrease in electrical properties as a result of. According to the present invention, there is provided a monolithic ceramic capacitor including a plurality of dielectric ceramic layers united into one body, a plurality of internal electrodes formed between two adjacent dielectric ceramic layers, and external electrodes formed on opposite sides of the united ceramic layers, each being connected to alternate internal electrodes. The dielectric ceramic layers mainly consists of strontium titanate containing bismuth oxide and an antireducing agent which prevents the composition from reduction. The internal electrodes consist essentially of a copper or a copper alloy. In a preferred embodiment, the internal electrodes may be incorporated with at least one additive selected from the group consisting of glass frit, dielectric powder, and an antireducing agent. The incorporation of such an additive into the internal electrodes prevents the monolithic ceramic capacitors from delamination between adjacent dielectric layers. The sum of the content of additives in the internal electrodes should be not more than 40 wt%. It is preferred to use a dielectric ceramic composition of a system, SrTiO.sub.3 -PbTiO.sub.3 -CaTiO.sub.3 -Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 -SnO.sub.2 -TiO.sub.2, or of a system, SrTiO.sub.3 - MgTiO.sub.3 - Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 - TiO.sub.2 - Pb.sub.3 O.sub.4 for the dielectric layers of the monolithic ceramic capacitor. Preferably, the dielectric layers are made up of a dielectric ceramic composition expressed by the general formula: EQU .alpha.(Sr.sub.l-x-y-z Pb.sub.x Ca.sub.y Mg.sub.z)TiO.sub.3 +.beta.{Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3.n (Ti.sub.l-m Sn.sub.m) O.sub.2} wherein x, y, z, .alpha., .beta. and m are mole fractions of the respective components or ingredients, each taking a value within the following respective ranges: .alpha.+.beta.=1.000, 0&lt;.beta..ltoreq.0.300, 0.000 .ltoreq..times..ltoreq.0.500, 0.000 .ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.500, 0.000.ltoreq.z .ltoreq.0.650, 0.000.ltoreq..times.+y+z.ltoreq.0.750, 0.000.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.0.995, and wherein n takes a value in moles within the following range: 0.00&lt;n.ltoreq.5.00. To prevent the dielectric ceramic composition from reduction during firing, an antireducing agent may be used therein having a composition expressed by the general formula: EQU .alpha.MnO.sub.2 +.beta.RO+.gamma.B.sub.2 O.sub.3 +(1-.alpha.-.beta.-.gamma.)SiO.sub.2, or EQU .alpha.Li.sub.2 O+.beta.RO+.gamma.B.sub.2 O.sub.3 +(1-.alpha.-.beta.-.gamma.)SiO.sub.2, or EQU .alpha.ZnO+.beta.RO+.gamma.B.sub.2 O.sub.3 +(1-.alpha.-.beta.-.gamma.)SiO.sub.2, wherein RO is at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO, and wherein .alpha., .beta.and .gamma.are molar percentages of the respective components and take a value within the following respective ranges, 5.ltoreq..alpha..ltoreq.20, 10.ltoreq..beta..ltoreq.60, 20.ltoreq..gamma..ltoreq.40. Copper and copper alloys may be used as a material for internal electrodes; The incorporation of an antireducing agent into the above basic composition lowers its sintering temperature and prevents it from reduction during firing in a reducing atmosphere. This makes it possible to use copper or a copper alloy as a material for the internal electrodes. In addition, the use of copper or an copper alloy makes it possible to prevent the dielectric layers from migration of the internal electrode material, as well as to reduce the cost of producing the monolithic ceramic capacitors. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings which show, by way of example only, preferred embodiments thereof.

Q: Adding User Registration to Django App I'm following this tutorial and finished it: http://tutorial.djangogirls.org/en/django_forms/README.html I want to continue and add a register button next to the login button which I did, but I couldn't get it to work. I tried doing action = "{% url blog.views.register %}" but I kept getting the error about no arguments found. I would post all my code but I'm almost sure it's way off base. I followed this idea: http://tea.cesaroliveira.net/archives/460 but I couldn't get it to work right. What is the best way to implement a registration form? Can someone give me an example or a guide, even just a short one written out to the approach I should take to add registration features. I had added a second form in login.html template with method=post and action = "{% url blog.views.register %}" with another template for registration, register.html in blog/views.py def register(request): if request.method == "POST": form = UserCreateForm(request.POST, instance=post) return render(request, 'blog/register.html) and in forms.py from django import forms from .models import Post from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm from django.contrib.auth.models import User class UserCreateForm(UserCreationForm): email = forms.EmailField(required=True) class Meta: model = User fields = ( "username", "email" )\\ and in blog/urls.py from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from django.contrib import admin from blog import views admin.autodiscover() urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r'^accounts/login/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.login'), url(r'^accounts/logout/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.logout', {'next_page': '/'}), url(r'', include('blog.urls')), url(r'^accounts/register/$', views.register , {'next_page': '/'}), ) As far as validation I can worry about that later, I just want to get it to work so that they can click register and bring up a registration template with a form to fill out. I'm not sure if this requires a new model or not as django has user capabilities built in already. Any help/advice would be much appreciated. I just want to see what is wrong with my approach and what a better approach would be. A: Alright, starting from the top and this is most likely the first reason why your code is probably falling apart, this {% url blog.views.register %} is wrong. Per the Django docs on reverse urls: In order to perform URL reversing, you’ll need to use named URL patterns. So, to create a reverse url for the registration view, your urlpattern should look like this: urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^accounts/register/$', views.register , name="register"), ) I took out the 'next' item because you can redirect from the view. And in the template, you put: {% url 'blog:register' %}, the left hand argument being the app name and the right-hand arg being the name of the url pattern. Second, I'm not sure how you're handling the login form, but the register view is expecting an instance that doesn't exist. Instance is used when you're UPDATING an existing object. For your registration, that's not what's happening, so it doesn't need to be there. def register(request): if request.method == "POST": form = UserCreateForm(request.POST) # filled form/i'm skipping validation for this example return HttpResponseRedirect('/') # go to some other page if successfully saved else: form = UserCreateForm # if the user accessed the register url directly, just display the empty form return render(request, 'blog/register.html', {'form': form}) But ultimately, I highly recommend django-allauth for user registration/profile stuff. UPDATE: Fixed the reverse url for register.

Q: Validator.js - How to validate Alphanumeric password, in NodeJS? I am using criso validator.js, of user Input, but it Eslint is showing error in syntax on this lines if (!Validator.isAlphanumeric([(data.password,'en-US')])) { console.log(" Not an alphanumeric"); } how to properly check user's entered password is Alphanumeric, I know we can do it using regex but I wanted to do it by using their provided syntax as isAlphanumeric(str [, locale]). here is their documentation screenshot of code. A: The square brackets in the isAlphanumeric(str [, locale]) notation are not related to JavaScript Array literals. Instead, they denote that when calling isAlphanumeric, the first argument str (in your case, data.password) is required, and the second argument locale is optional. In your case, you do want to pass in a locale. Here is how that would look: if (!Validator.isAlphanumeric(data.password, 'en-US')) { console.log("Not an alphanumeric"); } In technical documentation, square brackets ([]) generally denote that an argument is optional. Tecnhnically this is just a convention (and probably comes from Unix CLI Usage Messages), but in my experience is so widely used that always interpreting square brackets as denoting an optional argument is usually a safe assumption to make.

Influenza vaccination in elderly residents in nursing homes: immune response to trivalent and monovalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine in the season 1986-87. Immune responses to trivalent inactivated whole virus and monovalent subunit influenza vaccines, used in the season 1986-87, were analyzed in elderly residents in nursing homes. Higher levels of induced antibody were found in the group receiving two doses of trivalent vaccine. This suggests that high risk aged patients should receive a booster dose of vaccine annually. The antibody response to administration of supplemental vaccination, using monovalent subunit preparation, did not reach the high level of antibodies found following trivalent influenza vaccine.

Lefe Isa Lefe Isa is a town in eastern Ethiopia. Located in the Fafan Zone of the Somali Region. It is administered under the Awbare district. Demographics The town is inhabited by the Reer Mohamuud and Reer Faarah subclans of the Jibriil Yoonis branch of the Gadabuursi Dir clan. Filipo Ambrosio (1994) describes Lefe Isa as being predominantly Gadabuursi: "Jarso and Geri then sought refuge on 'neutral' adjacent Gadabursi territory in Heregel, Jarre and Lefeisa." References Category:Populated places in the Somali Region