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has made it known on several occasions that he has a massive crush on her ( a crush that did n't wane during the series ' course ) . Whenever Carey kisses Arwin , he faints . When Zack and Cody have an argument , she tells them stories about her ex-boyfriends , much to their dismay . </Li> </Ul> <P> Throughout the series ' run , Brenda Song was absent for two episodes while Ashley Tisdale was absent from twelve episodes . All other main cast members appeared in all 87 episodes . </P> <H3> Recurring ( edit ) </H3> Main article : List of recurring characters in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody <P> Below is a list of cast members who have appeared in significant roles as recurring characters throughout the series . Each of the cast members listed has appeared in between 6 and 45 episodes and the list is ordered according to the number of episodes credited ( highest number first ) . A complete list of all characters who have appeared more than once is included at list of recurring characters in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Actor </Th> <Th> Character </Th> <Th colspan="3"> Seasons </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Adrian R'Mante </Td> <Td> Esteban Ramirez </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brian Stepanek </Td> <Td> Arwin Hawkhauser </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Charlie Stewart </Td> <Td> Bob </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Estelle Harris </Td> <Td> Muriel </Td> <Td colspan="1"> Recurring </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> Guest </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Aaron Musicant </Td> <Td> Lance Fishman </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sophie Oda </Td> <Td> Barbara Brownstein </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kara Taitz </Td> <Td> Millicent </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> Recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Patrick Bristow </Td> <Td> Patrick </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Adam Tait </Td> <Td> Various characters </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Anthony Acker </Td> <Td> Norman </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Camilla and Rebecca Rosso </Td> <Td> Janice and Jessica </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Giovonnie Samuels </Td> <Td> Nia Moseby </Td> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> Recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Monique Coleman </Td> <Td> Mary Margaret </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Recurring </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Alyson Stoner </Td> <Td> Max </Td> <Td colspan="2"> Recurring </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Robert Torti </Td> <Td> Kurt Martin </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Recurring </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sharon Jordan </Td> <Td> Irene </Td> <Td colspan="3"> Recurring </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Notable appearances ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Actor </Th> <Th> Appearing as </Th> <Th> Season </Th> <Th> Episode </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Moises Arias </Td> <Td> Randall </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Day Care </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cheryl Burke </Td> <Td> Shannon </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Loosely Ballroom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Cheetah Girls </Td> <Td> Themselves </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Doin ' Time in Suite 2330 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chris Brown </Td> <Td> Himself </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Doin ' Time in Suite 2330 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Miley Cyrus </Td> <Td> Hannah Montana </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> That 's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Michael Clarke Duncan </Td> <Td> Coach Little </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Benchwarmers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Daniella Monet </Td> <Td> Dana </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Benchwarmers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Zac Efron </Td> <Td> Trevor </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Odd Couples </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tony Hawk </Td> <Td> Himself </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Foiled Again </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mark Indelicato </Td> <Td> Antonio </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Lip Synchin ' in the Rain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kathryn Joosten </Td> <Td> Grandma Marilyn </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Not So Suite 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Victoria Justice </Td> <Td> Rebecca </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Fairest of Them All </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Nathan Kress </Td> <Td> Jamie </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Back in the Game </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Meaghan Jette Martin </Td> <Td> Stacey </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Sleepover Suite </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jesse McCartney </Td> <Td> Himself </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Rock Star in the House </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Daryl Mitchell </Td> <Td> Daryl </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Back in the Game </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tahj Mowry </Td> <Td> Brandon </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Scary Movie </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kathy Najimy </Td> <Td> Principal Milletidge </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> First Day of High School </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kay Panabaker </Td> <Td> Amber </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> First Day of High School </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tom Poston </Td> <Td> Merle </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ah ! Wilderness </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Raven - Symoné </Td> <Td> Raven Baxter </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> That 's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Drew Seeley </Td> <Td> Geoffrey </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Romancing the Phone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Jaden Smith </Td> <Td> Travis </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Romancing the Phone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mindy Sterling </Td> <Td> Sister Rose </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Volley Dad </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> The Veronicas </Td> <Td> Themselves </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> The Suite Life Goes Hollywood Part 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> D.C. Douglas </Td> <Td> Snooty Interviewer </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Books & Birdhouses </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> Main article : List of The Suite Life of Zack & Cody episodes <P> The 2007 -- 08 Writers Guild of America strike resulted in the series being on hiatus . When the strike ended , new episodes began airing on April 19 , 2008 . The show eventually ended for good with its series finale , a total of three seasons and 87 episodes on September 1 , 2008 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Originally aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First aired </Th> <Th> Last aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 26 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> March 18 , 2005 ( 2005 - 03 - 18 ) </Td> <Td> January 27 , 2006 ( 2006 - 01 - 27 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 39 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> February 3 , 2006 ( 2006 - 02 - 03 ) </Td> <Td> June 2 , 2007 ( 2007 - 06 - 02 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 22 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> June 23 , 2007 ( 2007 - 06 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> September 1 , 2008 ( 2008 - 09 - 01 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Crossover with that 's So Raven and Hannah Montana ( edit ) </H3> Main article : That 's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana <P> The episode `` That 's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana '' is the second part of a three - way crossover that begins on That 's So Raven and concludes on Hannah Montana . Raven Baxter meets Zack and Cody as she visits the Tipton Hotel to do a photo shoot promoting a new fashion line for boys , only to have a troubling psychic vision of Cody . In the meantime , London refuses to wear one of Raven 's original designs until Hannah Montana stops by and shows an interest in the fashions . </P> <H2> Settings ( edit ) </H2> <Dl> <Dt> Tipton Hotel </Dt> </Dl> <P> The Tipton Hotel is where Zack , Cody , Carey , and London all live , and where the majority of the other characters in the series work . It is the main setting for the series . The Tipton Hotel is located in Boston , Massachusetts . Hotel Vancouver is used for the exterior of the hotel . </P> <Dl> <Dt> The SS Tipton </Dt> </Dl> <P> In the episode `` Let Us Entertain You '' , Zack , Cody , and Carey spent a week vacationing on board the SS Tipton . It is also the setting of the sequel series , The Suite Life on Deck . The first time the SS Tipton is referenced is in the episode , `` To Catch a Thief '' . While Maddie talks to London on the phone a life preserver with the words `` S.S. Tipton '' can be seen in the background . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Buckner Middle School </Dt> </Dl> <P> The twins ' Middle School . The school 's mascot is a badger . </P> <P> In the scene outside of the school where a few students are walking between two buildings shows `` The Mall '' area that 's located in Lincoln Park High School , in Chicago , Illinois . Some of the students that attend Buckner were Max , Bob , and Agnes . Carey would come sit outside of the detention area while Zack was being punished . She said when she was outside the principal 's office at Cheevers High that , `` Thanks to Zack , I knitted 32 sweaters and an afghan . '' </P> <P> The name comes from former - Boston Red Sox first baseman Bill Buckner . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Our Lady of Perpetual Sorrow Catholic School </Dt> </Dl> <P> Maddie and Mary Margaret ( Monique Coleman ) attended this private school in season one . Later in season two , Corrie ( Vanessa Hudgens ) and Leslie ( Kaycee Stroh ) were added to the minor cast , with London also attending the school in season two . In season three , London , Maddie , and Leslie no longer attend Our Lady . External shots of Our Lady of Perpetual Sorrow Catholic School are of University College at the University of Toronto in Canada . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Paul Revere Mini Mart </Dt> </Dl> <P> Zack and Cody work at the Paul Revere mini mart for the manager , Wayne Wormser . The mini mart 's motto is , `` The savings are coming ! The savings are coming ! '' It is across the street from another mini mart with a patriotic name and theme , The Betsy Ross Stop and Shop , which is run by Wormser 's business enemy and fierce rival . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Camp Heaven on Earth </Dt> </Dl> <P> The summer camp where Maddie works over the summer . The only part of the camp shown is the cabin in which Maddie and the young girls stay . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Cheevers High School </Dt> </Dl> <P> Where Zack , Cody , London , Maddie , and Nia attend along with other students including Barbara , Bob , and Mark . This setting was used in `` Lip Synchin ' in the Rain , '' `` First Day of High School , '' `` Orchestra , '' and `` Benchwarmers . '' John Marshall High School ( Los Angeles , California ) is shown in a snapshot as Cheevers High School . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Other places in Boston </Dt> </Dl> <P> Scenes also take place in several other places in Boston , including Fenway Park , a movie theater , Maddie 's apartment , the local shopping mall , a bowling alley ( The same bowling alley was used to film a scene from the Hannah Montana episode , `` People Who Use People '' ) , a miniature golf course , Kurt 's apartment , Mr. Moseby 's condo , the Goose Lodge , Liberty Park , an apartment where Maddie and her friends painted for a poor family for community service , Arwin 's apartment , camp Knock - a-Number , the forest that has Merele 's cabin , Kurt 's tour bus , the shop where Maddie demanded London give her inhaler , an art museum , a dance club , an alley with a garbage container , a pizza restaurant , Theo 's home , the `` Risk It All '' studio , the Cluck Bucket , an aptitude company , and the restaurant where Wayne `` dates '' London . There are even two episodes that take place in Hollywood ,

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Cadillac Mountain - wikipedia <H1> Cadillac Mountain </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section contains what may be an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images . Galleries containing indiscriminate images of the article subject are discouraged ; please improve or remove the section accordingly . ( February 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Cadillac Mountain </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Sunset behind Cadillac Mountain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Highest point </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elevation </Th> <Td> 1,527 ft ( 465 m ) NAVD 88 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Prominence </Th> <Td> 1,527 ft ( 465 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 44 ° 21 ′ 05 '' N 68 ° 13 ′ 35 '' W  /  44.35127 ° N 68.22649 ° W  / 44.35127 ; - 68.22649 Coordinates : 44 ° 21 ′ 05 '' N 68 ° 13 ′ 35 '' W  /  44.35127 ° N 68.22649 ° W  / 44.35127 ; - 68.22649 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Geography </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Hancock County , Maine , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Topo map </Th> <Td> USGS Seal Harbor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Climbing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Easiest route </Th> <Td> Paved road or marked hiking trails </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Cadillac Mountain is located on Mount Desert Island , within Acadia National Park . With an elevation of 1,530 feet ( 466 meters ) , its summit is the highest point in Hancock County and the highest within 25 miles ( 40 km ) of the shoreline of the North American continent between the Cape Breton Highlands , Nova Scotia and Mexican peaks 180 miles ( 290 km ) south of the Texas border . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Overview </Li> <Li> 3 Gallery </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Before being renamed in 1918 , the mountain had been called Green Mountain . The new name honors the French explorer and adventurer Antoine Laumet de La Mothe , sieur de Cadillac . In 1688 , De la Mothe requested and received from the Governor of New France a parcel of land in an area known as Donaquec which included part of the Donaquec River ( now the Union River ) and the island of Mount Desert in the present - day U.S. state of Maine . Antoine Laumet de La Mothe , a shameless self - promoter who had already appropriated the `` de la Mothe '' portion of his name from a local nobleman in his native Picardy , thereafter referred to himself as Antoine de la Mothe , sieur de Cadillac , Donaquec , and Mount Desert . </P> <P> From 1883 until 1893 the Green Mountain Cog Railway ran to the summit to take visitors to the Green Mountain Hotel on the summit . The hotel was burned down in 1895 . Also in 1895 , the cog train was sold and moved to the Mount Washington Cog Railway in New Hampshire . </P> <H2> Overview ( edit ) </H2> President Obama and the First Family at the summit of Cadillac Mountain on July 16 , 2010 . <P> There are various hiking trails to the summit of Cadillac Mountain , some more challenging than others . There is also a paved road to the top . </P> <P> Driving or hiking to the summit of Cadillac Mountain to see `` the nation 's first sunrise '' is a popular activity among visitors of Acadia National Park . However , Cadillac only sees the first sunrise in the fall and winter , when the sun rises south of due east . During most of the spring and summer , the sun rises first on Mars Hill , 150 miles ( 240 km ) to the northeast . For a few weeks around the equinoxes , the sun rises first at West Quoddy Head in Lubec , Maine . </P> <P> On exceptionally clear days , it is possible to see Mount Katahdin , Maine 's highest mountain , to the north and the Canadian province of Nova Scotia to the east , both over one hundred miles away . </P> <H2> Gallery ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> <P> The highway to Cadillac Mountain </P> </Li> <Li> <P> The first rays of sun in the United States as seen from Cadillac Mountain </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Sun rising from atop Cadillac </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Sunrise with the Porcupine Islands in the foreground </P> </Li> <Li> <P> The Porcupine Islands at noon </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Sunrise from atop Cadillac </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Sunrise with Dorr Mountain in the foreground , and the Atlantic Ocean in the background </P> </Li> <Li> <P> View of the sunrise from Cadillac Mountain </P> </Li> <Li> <P> View of the Atlantic Ocean from Cadillac Mountain </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Another view from the top of Cadillac Mountain </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Tourists on Cadillac Mountain </P> </Li> <Li> <P> The rocky terrain atop Cadillac Mountain </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Plaque honoring Stephen Mather , first director of the National Park Service </P> </Li> </Ul> The sky from light to dark during sunset atop Cadillac Mountain Sunrise panorama from atop Cadillac <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Cadillac Mountain , Maine '' . Peakbagger.com . Retrieved 2007 - 12 - 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Cadillac Mountain '' . Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Cadillac Mountain '' . U.S. National Park Service . 2004 - 10 - 28 . Archived from the original on 2006 - 02 - 07 . Retrieved 2007 - 12 - 26 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ All Aboard for Yesterday ! A Nostalgic History of Railroading in Maine . Camden : Down East . 1979 . p. 23 . ISBN 0 - 89272 - 053 - 0 . OCLC 5844214 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Katahdin , Maine '' . Peakbagger.com . Retrieved 2007 - 12 - 26 . Analysis by Blanton C. Wiggin , published in the January 1972 issue of Yankee magazine , determined that the first sunrise in the U.S. occurs at Cadillac Mountain from October 7 to March 6 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cadillac Mountain . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> `` Cadillac Mountain '' . SummitPost.org . Retrieved 2011 - 05 - 09 . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Mountains of Maine </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Longfellow Mountains </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Boundary Peak </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> White Mountains </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Mahoosuc Range </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Baldpate Mountain </Li> <Li> Goose Eye Mountain </Li> <Li> Old Speck Mountain </Li> <Li> Puzzle Mountain </Li> <Li> Sunday River Whitecap </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Others </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Speckled Mountain </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Others </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Baker Mountain </Li> <Li> Bauneg Beg Mountain </Li> <Li> Big Moose Mountain </Li> <Li> Big Spencer Mountain </Li> <Li> Black Cap Mountain </Li> <Li> Black Nubble </Li> <Li> Blueberry Mountain </Li> <Li> Borestone Mountain </Li> <Li> Boundary Bald Mountain </Li> <Li> Bradbury Mountain </Li> <Li> Cadillac Mountain </Li> <Li> Caribou Mountain </Li> <Li> Catherine Mountain </Li> <Li> Clark Mountain </Li> <Li> Coburn Mountain </Li> <Li> Crocker Mountain </Li> <Li> Crotch Hill </Li> <Li> Doubletop Mountain </Li> <Li> Douglas Mountain </Li> <Li> East Kennebago Mountain </Li> <Li> Eaton Mountain </Li> <Li> Elephant Mountain ( Oxford County ) </Li> <Li> Elephant Mountain ( Piscataquis County ) </Li> <Li> Fort Mountain </Li> <Li> Great Pond Mountain </Li> <Li> Greenwood Mountain </Li> <Li> Hamlin Peak </Li> <Li> High Peaks </Li> <Li> Kennebago Divide </Li> <Li> Kibby Mountain </Li> <Li> Lead Mountain </Li> <Li> Mars Hill </Li> <Li> Mount Abraham </Li> <Li> Mount Bigelow </Li> <Li> Mount Blue </Li> <Li> Mount Coe </Li> <Li> Mount Jefferson </Li> <Li> Mount Katahdin </Li> <Li> Mount Kineo </Li> <Li> Mount Redington </Li> <Li> Mount Tire 'm </Li> <Li> Mount Waldo </Li> <Li> Moxie Mountain </Li> <Li> North Brother </Li> <Li> Noyes Mountain </Li> <Li> Pleasant Mountain </Li> <Li> Rollins Mountain </Li> <Li> Saddleback Horn </Li> <Li> Saddleback Junior </Li> <Li> Saddleback Mountain ( Franklin County ) </Li> <Li> Saddleback Mountain ( Piscataquis County ) </Li> <Li> Sandy Bay Mountain </Li> <Li> Shutdown Mountain </Li> <Li> Snow Mountain ( Franklin County ) </Li> <Li> Snow Mountain ( Oxford County ) </Li> <Li> South Brother </Li> <Li> South Crocker Mountain </Li> <Li> Spaulding Mountain </Li> <Li> Stetson Mountain </Li> <Li> Sugarloaf Mountain </Li> <Li> Titcomb Mountain </Li> <Li> Traveler Mountain </Li> <Li> Tumbledown Mountain </Li> <Li> West Kennebago Mountain </Li> <Li> Western Maine Mountains </Li> <Li> White Cap Mountain ( Franklin County ) </Li> <Li> White Cap Mountain ( Piscataquis County ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cadillac_Mountain&oldid=814196931 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Mount Desert Island </Li> <Li> Mountains of Hancock County , Maine </Li> <Li> Highest points of United States national parks </Li> <Li> Acadia National Park </Li> <Li> Mountains of Maine </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Coordinates on Wikidata </Li> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from May 2011 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Cebuano </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> اردو </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 7 December 2017 , at 11 : 39 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The sun hits the US first at

Where does the sun hit the us first?

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Flag of Hungary - wikipedia <H1> Flag of Hungary </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Hungary <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Use </Th> <Td> Civil and state flag </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Proportion </Th> <Td> 1 : 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adopted </Th> <Td> May 23 , 1957 ( as state flag ) June 19 , 1990 ( reaffirmed ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Design </Th> <Td> A horizontal triband of red , white and green </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Variant flag of Hungary </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Use </Th> <Td> Civil flag and ensign </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Proportion </Th> <Td> 2 : 3 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adopted </Th> <Td> August 18 , 1957 ( as civil ensign ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Design </Th> <Td> A horizontal tricolour of red , white , and green </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Variant flag of Hungary </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Use </Th> <Td> Unofficial state flag </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Proportion </Th> <Td> 1 : 2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adopted </Th> <Td> October 10 , 1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Design </Th> <Td> A horizontal tricolor of red , white and green with the state coat of arms in the center . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Variant flag of Hungary </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Use </Th> <Td> Unit colour </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Proportion </Th> <Td> 3 : 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adopted </Th> <Td> March 15 , 1991 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Variant flag of Hungary </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Use </Th> <Td> Naval ensign </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Proportion </Th> <Td> 3 : 4 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Adopted </Th> <Td> 1991 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The flag of Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország zászlaja ) is a horizontal tricolour of red , white and green . In this exact form , it has been the official flag of Hungary since May 23 , 1957 . The flag 's form originates from national republican movements of the 18th and 19th centuries , while its colours are from the Middle Ages . The current Hungarian tricolour flag is the same as the republican movement flag of the United Kingdom ( used since 1816 ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Current flag <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Evolution </Li> <Li> 1.2 Exact description and legislature </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Gallery <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Historical flags </Li> <Li> 2.2 Head of state standards </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 Notes </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Current flag ( edit ) </H2> <P> The nation of Hungary originated from the national freedom movement from before 1848 , which culminated in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 . The revolution was not only in opposition against the monarchy but also the Habsburg Empire , as well as to form an independent republic . Accordingly , the Hungarian flag features a tricolour element , which is based upon the French flag , as a reflection of the ideas of the French revolution ; while red , white , and green are colours derived from the historical Hungarian coat of arms , which have essentially remained in the same form since the mid-15th century , with exception to some minor differences , and were marshalled from arms that first appeared in the late 12th and early 13th century as arms of the Árpáds , Hungary 's founding dynasty . The stripes are horizontal rather than vertical to prevent confusion with the Italian flag , which had also been designed after the French flag . According to other data , the recent form of the Hungarian tricolour had been already used from 1608 at the coronation of Mathias II of Hungary . </P> <P> Folklore of the romantic period attributed the colours to virtues : red for strength , white for faithfulness and green for hope . Alternatively , red for the blood spilled for the fatherland , white for freedom and green for the land , for the pastures of Hungary . The new constitution , which took effect on 1 January 2012 , makes the ex-post interpretation mentioned first official ( in the semi-official translation : strength ( erő ) , fidelity ( hűség ) and hope ( remény ) ) . </P> <H3> Evolution ( edit ) </H3> Hungarian national colors on the wall , Hungarian coronation of Leopold II in Pozsony in 1790 , 58 years before the Hungarian revolution <P> As described above , the red - white - green tricolour emerged as a sign of national sovereignty during the 1848 -- 1849 revolution against the Habsburgs . After the revolution was defeated , the tricolour flag was prohibited by the Austrian Emperor ; after the Compromise of 1867 , however , the tricolour became not only legal , but also the official flag of Hungary . The flag had the so - called minor arms ( also known as the Kossuth coat of arms ) of Hungary with archangels as supporters were used as a badge on the flag . This configuration was used until the end of the Habsburg Empire in 1918 . </P> <P> After the fall of the Habsburg Empire , the years 1918 to 1920 were highly turbulent , and several hard - to - trace minor changes took place . The red - green - white tricolour stayed the same , but small differences emerged in terms of the badge . A short interlude and exception was the 1919 Hungarian Soviet Republic , which lasted for four - and - a-half months ; it used a solid red banner . </P> <P> It seems that from 1920 -- 1944 or 1945 the tricolour displayed the minor arms of Hungary , but the version without them was also used . </P> <P> Between 1946 and 1949 the crown was removed from the top of the arms serving as the badge . </P> <P> With the onset of Communist rule in 1949 , a new coat of arms featuring a Communist red star was placed on the flag as the badge . </P> <P> During the anti-Soviet uprising in 1956 , revolutionaries cut out the Hammer and Sickle emblem and used the resulting tricolour with a hole in the middle as the symbol of the revolution . For some months the new government changed the flag to bear the minor arms without the crown as the badge again . </P> <P> In 1957 , during the Stalinist restoration after the revolution was defeated by the Soviet Red Army , the new government created a `` new '' coat of arms , which however was never officially put onto the flag . Therefore , the official flag of Hungary has been a pure red - white - green tricolour since 1957 . </P> <P> After the fall of communism in 1989 there was no need to change the flag , as it did not bear any communist insignia . </P> <P> There was a recommendation of the Committee of Symbols in the 2000s , that the coat of arms should be part of the state flag , while the national flag should remain plain ( as is the status quo ) . This has not been implemented in law , though in case of most state use the arms are legally permitted on the flag ( see below ) . </P> <H3> Exact description and legislature ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Hungarian Constitution does not explicitly state anything about the width : length ratio of the flag ; but , there is a law from 1957 that is in force stating that seagoing merchant vessels shall hoist the red -- white -- green tricolour in 2 : 3 ratio . </P> <P> By a government decree from 2000 , the ratio ( which is neither defined in the Constitution nor in 1995 or 2000 legislation ) of flags used on government building is 1 : 2 . </P> <P> Summarized , this would mean : </P> <Ul> <Li> A red -- white -- green tricolour . Actually many variations might be used though according to 1995 / LXXXIII § 11 ( 3 ) `` ( 3 ) In cases specified in paragraphs ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) , the arms and the flag can be used also in their historical forms . '' , as ( 1 ) reads as : 1995 / LXXXIII § 11 ( 1 ) `` ( 1 ) For the purpose of declaring their belonging to the nation , private persons can use the arms and the flag , subject to the limitations in this law . '' </Li> <Li> red -- white -- green tricolour , ratio 1 : 2 ( by decree from 2000 ) . According to 1995 / LXXXIII § 11 ( 4 ) , the official coat of arms of Hungary might be placed onto it as a badge . </Li> <Li> White background with green red alternated flammulette ( `` flame tongues '' , triangles with wavy edge ) border , coat of arms in the center , embraced by oak branches from the left , olive branches from the right . Ratio not defined . ( 1995 / LXXXIII § 8 ( 1 ) ) </Li> <Li> 2 : 3 ( ratio defined by 1957 law ) red - white - green tricolour ( there is a merchant fleet ) </Li> <Li> Unknown or unspecified ; </Li> <Li> White background with green red alternated triangle border , coat of arms at 1 / 3 of the flag , nearer to the pole . Ratio not defined . ( 1995 / LXXXIII § 8 ( 2 ) ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Gallery ( edit ) </H2> Further information : List of Hungarian flags <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Unofficial civil flag of Hungary </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Unofficial state flag of Hungary </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> State flag of Hungary ( vertical version ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Unofficial state flag of Hungary ( vertical version ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Historical flags ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Standard of the Grand Prince of the Principality of Hungary between 895 -- 1000 . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Royal Standard of the Kingdom of Hungary under the rule of Stephen I ( 1000 -- 1038 ) . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Royal Standard of Hungary from 1046 to 1172 . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rectangular variant of the royal standard of Hungary used from 1046 to 1172 . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Royal Standard of Hungary under the rule of Béla III ( 1172 -- 1196 ) . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Royal Standard of the Kingdom of Hungary in the 13th century . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Standard of the Árpád dynasty in the 13th century . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Royal Standard of the Kingdom of Hungary under the Angevin dynasty from 1301 -- 1382 . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Royal Standard of Hungary under the rule of Sigismund ( 1387 -- 1437 ) . </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Royal Standard of Hungary under the rule of Vladislaus I ( 1440

The country whose flag is red, white, and green is

Who's flag is red white and green?

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on Raw , they were involved in an eight - man tag team match alongside The Lucha Dragons ( Kalisto and Sin Cara ) against Kidd , Cesaro and The Ascension . During the match , the live audience responded negatively to The New Day with loud `` New Day sucks ! '' chants which carried over into the following weeks . When asked about the crowd 's disapproval of them in a backstage interview on the April 6 episode of Raw , The New Day claimed that they were hurt and responded in a more aggressive tone and maintained their upbeat nature , but during their following match against The Lucha Dragons , Kingston attempted a cheap shot from the outside , though he was not actually involved in the bout , turning all three men into villains in the process . On the April 20 episode of Raw , The New Day defeated The Lucha Dragons to become number one contenders for the WWE Tag Team Championship at Extreme Rules after Woods held onto the feet of Sin Cara , thus preventing him from answering the ten count . </P> <P> At Extreme Rules on April 26 , The New Day defeated Tyson Kidd and Cesaro to capture the WWE Tag Team Championship ; Big E and Kingston were the participants in the match , but WWE also recognized Woods as champion under the Freebird Rule , in which any two members of a stable can compete for the titles . At Payback on May 17 , Big E and Kingston defeated Kidd and Cesaro in a two - out - of - three falls match . At Elimination Chamber on May 31 , all three New Day members competed in the first ever tag team Elimination Chamber match , where they lastly eliminated The Prime Time Players ( Darren Young and Titus O'Neil ) to successfully defend their title . However , at Money in the Bank on June 14 , Big E and Woods lost the title to The Prime Time Players . The New Day would then win the championship for a second time after they defeated Los Matadores ( Diego and Fernando ) , The Lucha Dragons and The Prime Time Players in a fatal four - way tag team match at SummerSlam on August 23 . The New Day then started a feud with returning The Dudley Boyz , setting up a title defense against The Dudley Boyz at Night of Champions on September 20 , where Big E and Kingston lost to The Dudley Boyz by disqualification and retained their title . Big E and Kingston then went to defeat The Dudley Boyz via pinfall at Hell in a Cell on October 25 to retain the championship , thus ending their feud . The New Day led their own team at Survivor Series including Sheamus and King Barrett , but left the match prematurely to tend to Big E after his elimination . The New Day 's next title defense was at TLC : Tables , Ladders & Chairs on December 13 against The Lucha Dragons and The Usos ( Jimmy and Jey Uso ) in a triple threat ladder match , which The New Day won . The New Day then successful retained their title against The Lucha Dragons on the special December 22 episode of Super SmackDown Live ! and against The Usos in January 2016 at the Royal Rumble event . </P> Kingston , Big E and Woods inducting The Fabulous Freebirds into the WWE Hall of Fame in April 2016 The New Day appearing on the Raw after WrestleMania 32 <P> At Fastlane on February 21 , The New Day began mocking The League of Nations ( Sheamus , Alberto Del Rio Rusev and King Barrett ) , calling them the `` league of booty '' . They then continued to mock The League of Nations in various segments and skits while simultaneously feuding with other teams and turning into fan favorites in the process . The New Day retained their title both at Roadblock ( against Sheamus and Barrett ) on March 12 and the following night on Raw ( against Del Rio and Rusev ) , but were attacked after the match . This led to a six - man non-title tag team match between the two stables at WrestleMania 32 on April 3 , where The New Day was defeated , but Big E and Kingston retained their championship once again against Sheamus and Barrett the following night on Raw . At Payback on May 1 , the final match of the tournament to determine the number one contenders for the WWE Tag Team Championship between Enzo Amore and Colin Cassady and The Vaudevillains ( Aiden English and Simon Gotch ) ended in a no contest after Amore suffered a legitimate concussion during the match . As a result , The New Day faced The Vaudevillains for the WWE Tag Team Championship at Extreme Rules on May 22 , where they successfully retained their championship . On the May 30 episode of Raw , The New Day defeated The Vaudevillains in a non-title match via disqualification after they were attacked by Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson , sparking a feud between them . At Money in the Bank on June 19 , The New Day defeated Gallows and Anderson , The Vaudevillains and Enzo and Cass in a fatal - four way tag team match to retain the WWE Tag Team Championship and , as of that victory , they hold the record for the longest combined reign as a tag team . On the June 20 episode of Raw , The New Day confronted returning The Wyatt Family ( Bray Wyatt , Erick Rowan and Braun Strowman ) and interrupted Wyatt 's promo , thus starting a feud between the two teams that would lead to a non-title six - man tag team match at Battleground on July 24 , where they would lose . </P> The New Day making their entrance in September 2016 <P> During the 2016 WWE draft , The New Day were drafted to the Raw brand , making the WWE Tag Team Championship exclusive to the brand . In parallel to a lengthy feud with Gallows and Anderson for the title , The New Day became the longest reigning WWE Tag Team Champions in the title 's history , breaking the old record of 331 days previously set by Paul London and Brian Kendrick and , after the creation of the SmackDown Tag Team Championship for the SmackDown brand , became the last people to have held their championship as the sole tag team title in WWE and the first to hold it under its new name of Raw Tag Team Championship . The New Day would continue to successfully retain their championship against Gallows and Anderson in the following months , such as SummerSlam on August 21 , Clash of Champions on September 25 and the following night on Raw , ending their feud in the process . </P> <P> After their feud with Gallows and Anderson , The New Day began feuding with Cesaro and Sheamus and at Hell in a Cell on October 30 , The New Day were defeated by Cesaro and Sheamus via disqualification , but they managed to retain the title as a result . On the October 31 episode of Raw , The New Day revealed that they were made captain of Team Raw for the 10 - on - 10 Survivor Series Tag Team Elimination match at Survivor Series . At the event on November 20 , they made the first elimination , but were then eliminated themselves by The Usos . However , Team Raw still managed to win the match thanks to Cesaro and Sheamus . On the two following Raw episodes , The New Day successfully retained their title against Cesaro and Sheamus and then Gallows and Anderson . </P> <P> On the December 12 episode of Raw , after successfully defending their title in two successive triple threat tag team matches -- first against Cesaro and Sheamus and Gallows and Anderson , and then against the team of Chris Jericho and WWE Universal Champion Kevin Owens , and the team of Seth Rollins and United States Champion Roman Reigns -- The New Day broke Demolition 's 28 - year - old record to become the tag team to procure the longest single - run with any tag team championship in WWE history . Demolition held this record with WWE 's original World Tag Team Championship and still hold the specific record for that ( defunct ) version of the title . At Roadblock : End of the Line on December 18 , The New Day 's reign ended at 483 days after they lost the championship to Cesaro and Sheamus . On the December 26 episode of Raw , The New Day received a rematch for the title , but failed to reclaim the championship . The New Day would go on to host WrestleMania 33 , and the following day on Raw , compete against the debuting team The Revival ( Scott Dawson and Dash Wilder ) . Kingston suffered a legitimate ankle injury during a post match assault , after The Revival won . </P> <H3> SmackDown Tag Team Champions ( 2017 -- present ) ( edit ) </H3> <P> On April 11 , 2017 , The New Day were moved to the SmackDown brand as part of the Superstar Shake - up ; however , they did not appear for several weeks due to Kingston 's ankle injury . After appearing on Talking Smack , SmackDown Live 's post-show , on May 23 , the trio fully returned on May 30 , announcing their objective to defeat The Usos and win the SmackDown Tag Team Championship . The two teams first faced off at Money in the Bank , where Big E and Kingston won when The Usos purposely got counted out , thus retaining their titles . A rematch took place at Battleground , where Kingston and Woods were successful in capturing the titles ; this marked the first time that Woods was a part of a match where The New Day won a championship , and his first championship - winning pinfall in WWE . They would soon lose the titles back to The Usos as part of the SummerSlam 2017 pre-show , before regaining them on the September 12 episode of SmackDown when Big E and Kingston defeated The Usos in a Sin City Street Fight . The Usos would invoke their rematch at the Hell In a Cell pay - per - view . They would lose the titles back to The Usos in a highly - acclaimed Hell In a Cell match after Woods was pinned ending their reign at only 26 days . </P> <H2> Characters and reception ( edit ) </H2> <P> Initially characterized as stereotypical black gospel characters , The New Day received overwhelming negative reviews from fans and critics alike . Jim Ross noted that `` today 's wrestling fan may be a little hard on the talented trio '' due to them `` espousing such positivity '' . ProWrestling.net wrote that The New Day `` seem to be all about smiling and dancing ; one of the three racial stereotypes WWE assigns to their African - American performers '' . Entertainment website The A.V. Club called the gimmick `` racist '' because `` they literally pantomime shooting dice when they get into the ring '' . </P> Xavier Woods ' trombone `` Francesca '' , `` Booty - O 's '' cereal , and unicorn horns ( all three appearing here on Woods ) are an integral part of The New Day 's gimmick <P> Upon transitioning away from the gospel aspect , The New Day developed their own unique identity of frequently excited proponents of positivity , which sees them usually encourage live audiences to clap along with them . In 2015 , Woods began bringing a trombone to the ring and playing it during the group 's entrance and matches

The New Day won the Tag Team titles in

When did the new day win the tag team titles?

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If She Knew What She Wants - wikipedia <H1> If She Knew What She Wants </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` If She Knew What She Wants '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by The Bangles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Different Light </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 1986 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> CD single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1985 ; Sunset Sound Factory </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Pop rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 49 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Columbia Records </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Jules Shear </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> David Kahne </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Bangles singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Manic Monday '' ( 1986 ) </Td> <Td> `` If She Knew What She Wants '' ( 1986 ) </Td> <Td> `` Walk Like an Egyptian '' ( 1986 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Manic Monday '' ( 1986 ) </Td> <Td> `` If She Knew What She Wants '' ( 1986 ) </Td> <Td> `` Walk Like an Egyptian '' ( 1986 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Alternative cover </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> UK cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` If She Knew What She Wants '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` If She Knew What She Wants '' is a song by Jules Shear released on his 1985 album The Eternal Return . The song was recorded a year later by The Bangles for their 1986 album , Different Light . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Variations </Li> <Li> 2 Bangles ' hit </Li> <Li> 3 Music video </Li> <Li> 4 Soundtrack </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Variations ( edit ) </H2> <P> Shear 's song was originally written in the first person as a love song ; the Bangles rewrote the lyrics in the third person , rather than change the subject 's gender . </P> <H2> Bangles ' hit ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Bangles charted at number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100 , number 31 on the UK Singles Chart , and number 31 on the Australian Kent Music Report chart . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> Two different music videos were created for the song , one that was commonly shown in North America and the other that was commonly shown in Europe . The `` American version '' was produced by Tamar Simon Hoffs , the mother of Bangles guitarist / vocalist Susanna Hoffs , who sings lead in this song . </P> <H2> Soundtrack ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Bangles version is featured in the 2006 Tim Allen and Courteney Cox superhero comedy Zoom . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Rock movers & shakers p. 27 . Billboard Publications , Inc. , 1989 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kent , David ( 1993 ) . Australian Chart Book 1970 -- 1992 ( Illustrated ed . ) . St Ives , N.S.W. : Australian Chart Book . p. 26 . ISBN 0 - 646 - 11917 - 6 . N.B. The Kent Report chart was licensed by ARIA between 1983 and 19 June 1988 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> The Bangles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Susanna Hoffs </Li> <Li> Vicki Peterson </Li> <Li> Debbi Peterson </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Annette Zilinskas </Li> <Li> Michael Steele </Li> <Li> Abby Travis </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> All Over the Place </Li> <Li> Different Light </Li> <Li> Everything </Li> <Li> Doll Revolution </Li> <Li> Sweetheart of the Sun </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Extended plays </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bangles </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Greatest Hits </Li> <Li> Ladies and Gentlemen ... The Bangles ! </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Getting Out of Hand '' </Li> <Li> `` Going Down to Liverpool '' </Li> <Li> `` Manic Monday '' </Li> <Li> `` If She Knew What She Wants '' </Li> <Li> `` Walk Like an Egyptian '' </Li> <Li> `` Walking Down Your Street '' </Li> <Li> `` Following '' </Li> <Li> `` Hazy Shade of Winter '' </Li> <Li> `` In Your Room '' </Li> <Li> `` Eternal Flame '' </Li> <Li> `` Be with You '' </Li> <Li> `` I 'll Set You Free '' </Li> <Li> `` Everything I Wanted '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Videography </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Greatest Hits </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Discography </Li> <Li> The Runaways </Li> <Li> Kindred Spirit </Li> <Li> Continental Drifters </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Book </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=If_She_Knew_What_She_Wants&oldid=805433242 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1986 singles </Li> <Li> The Bangles songs </Li> <Li> Songs written by Jules Shear </Li> <Li> Columbia Records singles </Li> <Li> Song recordings produced by David Kahne </Li> <Li> 1985 songs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles which use infobox templates with no data rows </Li> <Li> Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters </Li> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Italiano </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 15 October 2017 , at 10 : 48 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . 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The song "If She Knew What She Wants" was written by

Who wrote if she knew what she wants?

6136979325768200580

, their comrades are killed or eaten by the Titans one by one , with Eren himself losing his left leg . Armin , paralyzed with fear upon seeing his comrades ' fates , is picked up by a Bearded Titan and almost swallowed . Eren , recalling when he and Armin wished to see the world outside the walls , manages to drag and toss Armin out of the Bearded Titan 's mouth at the last moment . He reaches for Armin with his left arm out of the Bearded Titan 's mouth , but the Bearded Titan closes its jaws , severing Eren 's arm and swallowing him . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` The World the Girl Saw : The Struggle for Trost , Part 2 '' `` Shōjo ga Mita Sekai - Torosuto - ku Kōbōsen ( 2 ) - '' ( 少女 が 見 た 世界 ― トロスト 区 攻防 戦 2 ― ) </Td> <Td> Tomomi Ikeda </Td> <Td> Hiroshi Seko </Td> <Td> May 12 , 2013 </Td> <Td> June 7 , 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Armin awakens to find himself surrounded by Conny Springer , Christa Lenz and Ymir . As Armin heads back to the rearguard , he blames himself not being strong enough to save Eren . Meanwhile , an Abnormal Titan approaches the city 's exit gate , which is crowded by refugees . Once Mikasa kills the Abnormal Titan , she threatens a greedy merchant holding cargo to let the refugees pass first . After she is thanked by a mother and daughter , Mikasa has a flashback . In the year 844 , a year before the fall of Wall Maria , Mikasa was targeted by three slave traders , who murdered her parents in a struggle . After Grisha and Eren discovered the corpses while making a visit , Eren secretly tracked down the slave traders to a nearby hut and killed two of them in an attempt to save Mikasa . However , the third slave trader appeared and began strangling Eren . Encouraged by Eren , Mikasa overcame her fear and gained resolve to kill the third slave trader . After the children are found by the Military Police Regiment , Mikasa was invited to live with Eren and Grisha . Back in the present , Mikasa slays more Titans and goes to help the other squads evacuate . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Small Blade : The Struggle for Trost , Part 3 '' `` Chiisana Yaiba - Torosuto - ku Kōbōsen ( 3 ) - '' ( 小さな 刃 ― トロスト 区 攻防 戦 3 ― ) </Td> <Td> Yuzuru Tachikawa </Td> <Td> Hiroshi Seko </Td> <Td> May 19 , 2013 </Td> <Td> June 14 , 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> The surviving squads , unable to reach the inner walls due to their omni - directional mobility gear being low on gas , lose their fighting spirit as the nearby supply depot is overrun by Titans . Mikasa seems unfazed after learning from Armin that his entire squad perished , including Eren . She rallies the others to reclaim the supply depot , inspiring them to join her in the attack , but Mikasa ends up running out of gas midair and falls into an alleyway . Jean assumes command , but he loses his nerve when he sees some of his comrades being eaten by Titans . As a blonde Titan approaches Mikasa , she prepares to attack with her remaining broken blade , but a Mysterious Titan appears behind her and brutally kills the blonde Titan , much to her confusion . Armin and Conny show up , shocked to witness the Mysterious Titan not only fighting other Titans , but also showing knowledge of their weak point and using hand - to - hand combat techniques , while completely ignoring the humans . Armin gives Mikasa his gas tanks and blades so that she can support the others at the supply depot . Mikasa , however , refuses to leave him behind and ponders on the Mysterious Titan 's strange behavior . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` I Can Hear His Heartbeat : The Struggle for Trost , Part 4 '' `` Shinzō no Kodō ga Kikoeru - Torosuto - ku Kōbōsen ( 4 ) - '' ( 心臓 の 鼓動 が 聞こえる ― トロスト 区 攻防 戦 4 ― ) </Td> <Td> Satonobu Kikuchi Shinpei Ezaki Tatsuma Minamikawa </Td> <Td> Noboru Takagi </Td> <Td> May 26 , 2013 </Td> <Td> June 21 , 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> With the supply depot swarming with Titans , Armin has the idea of using the Mysterious Titan to defeat them . Mikasa and Conny agree with his plan and defeat the Titans attacking it , before rushing to the supply depot . Meanwhile , Jean and the others reach the supply depot despite suffering more casualties on the way , with Armin , Mikasa and Conny arriving soon after . Armin 's plan works , but while the Mysterious Titan is able to attract the enemies outside , seven smaller Titans remain in the fuel storage area . With their equipment out of fuel , Armin devises another plan . The survivors draw the Titans ' attention to an elevator and shoot them in the eyes to blind them , while seven of them jump from the ceiling to finish them off . Sasha and Conny fail to kill their targets but are saved by Mikasa and Annie . Having successfully replenished their fuel , the soldiers prepare to retreat . As they see the Mysterious Titan defeating all of the other Titans before collapsing , they are shocked to watch Eren emerge from its body . Mikasa reaches Eren and cries upon confirming that he is alive , while Armin notices that Eren 's severed leg and arm have somehow regenerated as well . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Whereabouts of His Left Arm : The Struggle for Trost , Part 5 '' `` Hidariude no Yukue - Torosuto - ku Kōbōsen ( 5 ) - '' ( 左腕 の 行方 ― トロスト 区 攻防 戦 5 ― ) </Td> <Td> Yoshiyuki Fujiwara </Td> <Td> Yasuko Kobayashi </Td> <Td> June 2 , 2013 </Td> <Td> June 28 , 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Captain Levi of the Scout Regiment and his squad successfully retake a town from the Titans until they are called to an emergency at the Trost District as the Titans have invaded the city . When Eren was eaten and swallowed by the Bearded Titan , he found himself in its stomach along with the bodies of its victims . His rage at the Titans caused him to burst out of the Bearded Titan 's stomach by transforming himself into the Mysterious Titan and going on a rampage against them . Although Eren 's comrades saw him emerge from the Mysterious Titan , they all agreed to keep it a secret and bring him back inside Wall Rose . However , Kitts also witnessed this and has his men aim their weapons at Eren . Armin and Mikasa try to defend Eren , but to no avail . As Kitts fearfully orders the cannons to fire on the three of them , Eren recalls hazy memories of his father giving him an injection , telling him to reclaim Wall Maria and go to their home 's basement with his key . In order to protect Mikasa and Armin from the cannons , Eren partially transforms himself into the Mysterious Titan , sheltering them inside his ribs . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` Response : The Struggle for Trost , Part 6 '' `` Kotaeru - Torosuto - ku Kōbōsen ( 6 ) - '' ( 応える ― トロスト 区 攻防 戦 6 ― ) </Td> <Td> Hiroyuki Tanaka </Td> <Td> Hiroshi Seko </Td> <Td> June 9 , 2013 </Td> <Td> July 12 , 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Eren climbs out of the partially transformed Titan , telling Mikasa and Armin about the basement in his former house . He believes that it holds the secret to mankind 's preservation and the key to destroying the Titans . Kitts once again orders the cannon to be loaded out of fear . Eren comes up with two plans of escape . The first is for Eren to retreat as the Mysterious Titan and criminalize himself in the eyes of humanity , and the second is to have Armin convince Kitts that Eren is an asset rather than a danger . Armin comes to the conclusion that he can still defend his friends despite being cowardice , deciding to try and talk their way out of being executed . Armin tentatively convinces Kitts , only to have him be overcome by fear and give the order to fire once more . The order is halted when Commander Dot Pyxis and his men intervene , sparing their lives . In return , Pyxis asks Eren if he will transform himself to block the gap in Wall Rose to prevent more Titans from getting in . Eren agrees , regardless of whether or not he will be able to control himself as the Mysterious Titan . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` Idol : The Struggle for Trost , Part 7 '' `` Gūzō - Torosuto - ku Kōbōsen ( 7 ) - '' ( 偶像 ― トロスト 区 攻防 戦 7 ― ) </Td> <Td> Kiyoshi Fukumoto </Td> <Td> Hiroshi Seko </Td> <Td> June 16 , 2013 </Td> <Td> July 19 , 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> As Armin helps Pyxis 's subordinates coordinate a plan , morale among the troops begin to drop , as some want to desert and be with their families . Pyxis silences everyone by reminding them that if they abandon this chance to finally win against the Titans , they will be subjecting their families to their terror , which convinces the troops to stay . Claiming that Eren is the result of a secret project to turn humans into Titans , Pyxis plans to have most of the troops gather at a far corner of the Trost District to lure most of the Titans away while Eren as the Mysterious Titan carries the giant boulder to seal the hole . Along with Mikasa , Eren will be guarded during the mission by three of the best elites of the Garrison , them being Ian Dietrich , Rico Brzenska and Mitabi Jarnach . As they approach the giant boulder , Rico , who is doubtful of the mission 's success and does not completely trust Eren , reminds him that many lives are at stake . Finally reaching the boulder , Eren transforms himself into a Titan , only to suddenly attack Mikasa . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Wound : The Struggle for Trost , Part 8 '' `` Kizu - Torosuto - ku Kōbōsen ( 8 ) - '' ( 傷 ― トロスト 区 攻防 戦 8 ― ) </Td> <Td> Shintaro Itoga </Td> <Td> Noboru Takagi </Td> <Td> June 23 , 2013 </Td> <Td> July 26 , 2014 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Mikasa tries to reason with Eren in as the Mysterious Titan , but to no avail . Eren continues his attack and accidentally incapacitates himself , slumping to the ground . The squad protecting Eren sends up a red flare to signal that the plan has failed , much to the dismay of the troops observing from the wall . As Armin heads toward Eren to investigate , the elite squadron argues and eventually agrees to protect Eren instead of abandoning him , still recognizing him as a valuable military asset . During the operation , Jean is separated from Connie and Annie after his omni - directional mobility gear malfunctions , forcing him to hide from two Titans in a building . Armin

Levi first appears in Attack on Titan in

When does levi first appear in attack on titan?

-5319807841072678492

The Greatest Showman - wikipedia <H1> The Greatest Showman </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Greatest Showman </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Michael Gracey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Laurence Mark </Li> <Li> Peter Chernin </Li> <Li> Jenno Topping </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jenny Bicks </Li> <Li> Bill Condon </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Story by </Th> <Td> Jenny Bicks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hugh Jackman </Li> <Li> Zac Efron </Li> <Li> Michelle Williams </Li> <Li> Rebecca Ferguson </Li> <Li> Zendaya </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> John Debney </Li> <Li> Joseph Trapanese </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Seamus McGarvey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Tom Cross </Li> <Li> Robert Duffy </Li> <Li> Joe Hutshing </Li> <Li> Michael McCusker </Li> <Li> Jon Poll </Li> <Li> Spencer Susser </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chernin Entertainment </Li> <Li> Seed Productions </Li> <Li> Laurence Mark Productions </Li> <Li> TSG Entertainment </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> 20th Century Fox </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> December 8 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 08 ) ( RMS Queen Mary 2 ) </Li> <Li> December 20 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 20 ) ( United States ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 105 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $84 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $427.2 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Greatest Showman is a 2017 American musical film directed by Michael Gracey in his directorial debut , written by Jenny Bicks and Bill Condon and starring Hugh Jackman , Zac Efron , Michelle Williams , Rebecca Ferguson , and Zendaya . The film is inspired by the story of P.T. Barnum 's creation of the Barnum & Bailey Circus and the lives of its star attractions . </P> <P> Principal photography began in New York City in November 2016 . The film premiered on December 8 , 2017 , aboard the RMS Queen Mary 2 . It was released in the United States on December 20 , 2017 , by 20th Century Fox and has grossed $427 million worldwide , making it the fifth - highest grossing live - action musical of all time . </P> <P> The Greatest Showman received mixed reviews , with praise for the performances , music , and production values , but criticism for its artistic license , with some reviewers calling it `` faux - inspiring and shallow '' . At the 75th Golden Globe Awards , the film received nominations for Best Motion Picture -- Musical or Comedy and Best Actor -- Musical or Comedy for Jackman . For the song `` This Is Me '' , the film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and was nominated for Best Original Song at the 90th Academy Awards . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Filming </Li> <Li> 3.2 Post-production </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Music <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Musical numbers </Li> <Li> 4.2 Soundtrack </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Marketing </Li> <Li> 5.2 Home media </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 6.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 6.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> P.T. Barnum and his troupe perform a show at the circus . ( `` The Greatest Show '' ) In a flashback to Barnum 's childhood where he and his father Philo , a tailor , work for the Hallett family , and he becomes infatuated with their daughter , Charity . Though Charity is being sent to finishing school , Barnum reassures her they will not be separated . The two keep in touch through letters until they meet again in adulthood ( `` A Million Dreams '' ) , eventually marrying and raising two daughters , Caroline and Helen , in New York City ( `` A Million Dreams '' reprise ) . They live a humble life ; though Charity is happy , Barnum dreams of more . </P> <P> Barnum loses his job as a clerk at a shipping company after the company goes bankrupt . Taking a risky bet , he takes out a large loan from a bank , deceiving the bank into accepting his former employer 's lost ships as collateral . He uses this loan to buy Barnum 's American Museum in downtown Manhattan , an attraction showcasing various wax models . Initially , sales are slow ; on the suggestion of his children to showcase something `` alive '' , Barnum searches for `` freaks '' to serve as performers for his museum ( `` Come Alive '' ) . This attracts a large audience despite protests and poor reviews , prompting Barnum to rename his venture `` Barnum 's Circus '' . </P> <P> Searching for ways to further his reputation amongst the upper class , Barnum meets playwright Phillip Carlyle and convinces him to join his venture ( `` The Other Side '' ) . Carlyle is enchanted with Anne Wheeler , an African - American trapeze artist , but he hides his feelings . During a trip Carlyle arranged for Barnum and his troupe to meet Queen Victoria , Barnum meets Jenny Lind , a famed Swedish singer , whom he convinces to perform in America , with him serving as her manager . Lind 's first American performance is a rousing success ( `` Never Enough '' ) . While Barnum gains favor with the aristocratic patrons , he begins to distance himself from his original troupe , refusing to socialize with them . Dejected , they decide to stand against their local harassers ( `` This Is Me '' ) . </P> <P> Carlyle and Wheeler attend the theatre together one night , only to run into Carlyle 's parents , who insult Wheeler 's lowly status , causing her to leave . Carlyle chases her and tries to convince her that they can be together , but she rejects him despite her feelings towards him ( `` Rewrite the Stars '' ) . As Barnum takes Lind on a US tour , Charity feels isolated from her husband as she stays home with their daughters ( `` Tightrope '' ) . While on tour , Lind begins falling in love with Barnum , but when he refuses her advances , she calls off the tour and kisses him at the end of her last show , which is photographed by the press ( `` Never Enough '' reprise ) . Barnum returns home to find his circus on fire , caused by a fight between the protesters and the troupe . Carlyle , who had tried to save Anne not knowing she had already escaped , is rescued amid the chaos by Barnum but suffers severe burns . Most of the sets and props are destroyed . Word of Lind 's cancellation and Barnum 's public intimacy also reaches New York , resulting in his mansion being foreclosed upon and Charity taking Caroline and Helen back to her parents ' home . </P> <P> Depressed , Barnum retreats to a local pub , where his troupe find him there and persuade him to rebuild the circus . Barnum has an epiphany that causes him to realize the circus was for his friends and family rather than for himself ( `` From Now On '' ) . Meanwhile , the injured Carlyle wakes in a hospital with Wheeler by his side and they share a kiss . </P> <P> Barnum leaves and finds his estranged wife , and they decide to mend their relationship . Faced with the financial difficulty of rebuilding the circus , the recovering Carlyle steps in , offering to use his earnings from his share of the circus 's profits to rebuild it under the condition of becoming partners , which Barnum happily accepts . As rebuilding the circus in its original location would be too expensive , Barnum rebuilds it as an open - air tent circus by the docks . The revamped circus is a huge success , and Barnum gives full control of the show to Carlyle so he can focus on his family ( `` The Greatest Show '' reprise ) . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Hugh Jackman as P.T. Barnum , an ambitious showman and entrepreneur . <Ul> <Li> Ellis Rubin as Young P.T. Barnum <Ul> <Li> Ziv Zaifman provides Young P.T. Barnum 's singing voice . </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Zac Efron as Phillip Carlyle , a playwright who becomes Barnum 's partner . His character is partly based on James Anthony Bailey . </Li> <Li> Michelle Williams as Charity Hallett Barnum , the wife of P.T. Barnum . <Ul> <Li> Skylar Dunn as Young Charity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Rebecca Ferguson as Jenny Lind , a famous Swedish singer known as the `` Swedish Nightingale '' . <Ul> <Li> Loren Allred provides Lind 's singing voice . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Zendaya as Anne Wheeler , an acrobat , trapeze artist , W.D. 's sister and Phillip Carlyle 's love interest </Li> <Li> Keala Settle as Lettie Lutz , a bearded lady . She is a composite character partly based on Josephine Clofullia and Annie Jones . </Li> <Li> Yahya Abdul - Mateen II as W.D. Wheeler , an acrobat and Anne 's brother . </Li> <Li> Natasha Liu Bordizzo as Deng Yan , a Chinese blade - specialist . </Li> <Li> Paul Sparks as James Gordon Bennett , the founder , editor and publisher of the New York Herald . </Li> <Li> Sam Humphrey as Charles Stratton , a dwarf performer who is also known by his stage name , General Tom Thumb . <Ul> <Li> James Babson provides Stratton 's speaking and singing voice . </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Austyn Johnson as Caroline Barnum , one of Barnum 's daughters . </Li> <Li> Cameron Seely as Helen Barnum , one of Barnum 's daughters . </Li> <Li> Eric Anderson as Mr. O'Malley , a former thief whom Barnum employs at his circus . </Li> <Li> Daniel Everidge as The Lord of Leeds , The Huge Man . </Li> <Li> Caoife Coleman and Mishay Petronelli as the Albino Twins </Li> <Li> Shannon Holtzapffel as Prince Constantine , The Tattooed Man . </Li> <Li> Luciano Acuna Jr. as Fedor Jeftichew , The Dog Boy . </Li> <Li> Danial Son and Yusaku Komori as Chang and Eng Bunker , The `` Siamese Twins '' </Li> <Li> Jonathan Redavid as Frank Lentini , The Three - Legged Man . </Li> <Li> Nick Jantz as Jeff Harris , The Juggler </Li> <Li> Damian Young as Mr. Winthrop </Li> <Li> Tina Benko as Mrs. Winthrop </Li> <Li> Gayle Rankin as Queen Victoria . </Li> <Li> Will Swenson as Philo Barnum , a tailor and the father of P.T. Barnum . </Li> <Li> Fredric Lehne as Benjamin Hallett , father of Charity and abusive father - in - law of Barnum . </Li> <Li> Kathryn Meisle as Hannah Hallett , mother of Charity and mother - in - law of Barnum . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> The project was first announced in 2009 , with Jackman already set for the title role . In August 2011 , Michael Gracey was chosen to direct . In 2013 , Fox hired lyricists Pasek and Paul to write the songs . </P> <P> On June 15

The song "From Now On" from The Greatest Showman was written by

Who wrote from now on from the greatest showman?

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White wedding ( song ) - wikipedia <H1> White wedding ( song ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2008 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` White Wedding '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Billy Idol </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Billy Idol </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> A-side </Th> <Td> `` White Wedding ( Parts 1 and 2 ) '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` White Wedding ( Part 2 ) '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 21 June 1982 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 12 - inch single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1982 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 12 ( album version ) 3 : 30 ( 7 - inch version ) 8 : 19 ( 12 - inch version ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Chrysalis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Billy Idol </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Keith Forsey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Billy Idol singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Hot in the City '' ( 1982 ) </Td> <Td> `` White Wedding '' ( 1982 ) </Td> <Td> `` Rebel Yell '' ( 1983 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Hot in the City '' ( 1982 ) </Td> <Td> `` White Wedding '' ( 1982 ) </Td> <Td> `` Rebel Yell '' ( 1983 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` White Wedding Pt 1 '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` White Wedding '' is a song by Billy Idol that appeared on his album Billy Idol in 1982 . It is often considered one of his most recognisable songs , although other Idol songs charted higher . It peaked at No. 108 on the Billboard Bubbling Under the Hot 100 on its original release , and reached No. 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 when it was re-issued in 1983 . In the UK it reached No. 6 in the UK Singles Chart upon its re-release there in 1985 and 1988 , when it was re-issued to promote the Vital Idol remix album . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 1982 release </Li> <Li> 2 1983 release </Li> <Li> 3 1985 re-issue </Li> <Li> 4 Music video </Li> <Li> 5 Other versions and appearances </Li> <Li> 6 Charts </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> 1982 release ( edit ) </H2> <P> 7 '' : Chrysalis - CHS 2656 ( UK ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` White Wedding '' ( 3 : 30 ) </Li> <Li> `` Hole in the Wall '' ( 4 : 14 ) </Li> </Ol> <P> 12 '' : Chrysalis - CHS 12 2656 ( UK ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` White Wedding ( Parts 1 and 2 ) '' ( 8 : 20 ) </Li> <Li> `` White Wedding '' ( 3 : 30 ) </Li> <Li> `` Hole in the Wall '' ( 4 : 14 ) </Li> </Ol> <P> 7 '' : Chrysalis - CHS 2648 ( US ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` White Wedding '' ( 3 : 30 ) </Li> <Li> `` Dead on Arrival '' ( 3 : 54 ) </Li> </Ol> <P> 12 '' : Chrysalis - EPC 5002 ( US ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` White Wedding ( Parts 1 and 2 ) '' ( 8 : 20 ) </Li> <Li> `` White Wedding ( Part 2 ) '' ( 4 : 27 ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> 1983 release ( edit ) </H2> <P> 12 '' : Chrysalis - 4V9 42685 ( US ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` White Wedding ( Parts 1 and 2 ) '' ( 8 : 20 ) </Li> <Li> `` White Wedding ( Part 2 ) '' ( 4 : 27 ) </Li> </Ol> <P> 7 '' : Chrysalis - CHS 42697 ( US ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` White Wedding '' ( 3 : 30 ) </Li> <Li> `` Dead on Arrival '' ( 3 : 54 ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> 1985 re-issue ( edit ) </H2> <P> 7 '' : Chrysalis - IDOL 5 ( UK ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` White Wedding '' ( 3 : 30 ) </Li> <Li> `` Mega-Idol Mix '' ( 5 : 34 ) </Li> </Ol> <Ul> <Li> 7 '' Mega-Idol comprises `` Flesh For Fantasy '' and `` Hot in the City '' </Li> </Ul> <P> 12 '' : Chrysalis - IDOLX 5 ( UK ) </P> <Ol> <Li> `` White Wedding Parts I & II ( Shot Gun Mix ) '' ( 8 : 20 ) </Li> <Li> `` Mega-Idol Mix '' ( 7 : 50 ) </Li> </Ol> <Ul> <Li> 12 '' Mega-Idol comprises `` Flesh For Fantasy , '' `` Hot in the City '' and `` Dancing With Myself '' </Li> </Ul> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The music video , featuring Idol attending a gothic wedding , is one of his best - known . The bride is played by Perri Lister , Idol 's real - life girlfriend at the time . She is also one of the three dancers clad in black leather , who slap their buttocks in time with the clap track in the song as they shimmy downwards near the end . `` That 's the kind of thing they love in England '' , says Idol . </P> <P> In one scene from the video , Idol forces the barbed - wire wedding ring onto the bride 's finger and cuts her knuckle . Lister insisted that her knuckle actually be cut in order for the scene to appear more realistic . MTV initially removed this scene from the video . Also controversial were the apparent Nazi salutes made by the crowd toward the couple . Director David Mallet says he was merely `` playing with the power of crowd imagery '' when he had the extras reach toward the bride and did not realize how it looked until later . </P> <P> The MTV - edited version of the video is included on the DVD portion of The Very Best of Billy Idol : Idolize Yourself CD / DVD package . </P> <H2> Other versions and appearances ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2011 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The song has been covered by many bands including the Young Werewolves , Murderdolls , Umbra et imago , Deathstars , Doro , Rowland S. Howard , Sentenced , Aiden and the band Queens of the Stone Age . Serbian punk rock band KBO ! recorded a version on their 2001 cover album ( Ne ) Menjajte Stanicu ( which translates as ( Do Not ) Change the Station ) . Post-hardcore band Aiden recorded a version of `` White Wedding '' for their EP Rain in Hell . Part of it is included in Franz Ferdinand 's cover of Gwen Stefani 's `` What You Waiting For ? '' . Also , the gothic rock / steampunk band Abney Park recorded a cover on their 2005 album Taxidermy . The Swedish rock singer Jay Smith recorded a version , included on his first album , self - titled Jay Smith . Metal band Powderburn recorded a cover as part of a medley with `` Rebel Yell '' for their Come and Take It EP . Herman 's Hermits did a version released on the album When Pigs Fly : Songs You Never Thought You 'd Hear . </P> <P> It was featured in the 1998 film The Wedding Singer ( in which Idol appears ) , on the American TV series My Name Is Earl and on the British TV series Blackpool . It was also featured in the 1993 film True Romance during the scene where Alabama is being tattooed . It was also featured in the skate video CKY . </P> <P> The line , `` It 's a nice day to start again '' , was featured on the sticker on the front of Idol 's 2005 album , Devil 's Playground . </P> <P> The song was remixed as ( Trashcan Jack vs Billy Idol ) `` Club Wedding '' ( Frenetic ) under Digital Dog 's Jack Rokka guise . It has appeared on numerous dance compilations such as Wild Bassline ( CD2 Mixed by Brooklyn Bounce ) and Clubland 12 . </P> <P> The song is included in the video games Rock Band 2 , Rock Band Unplugged , Guitar Hero Van Halen , Grand Theft Auto : San Andreas and as DLC in Rocksmith . </P> <P> The song was also used in an advertisement for British soap opera Hollyoaks , promoting the week of a wedding storyline . It also featured in an episode of the 2004 BBC miniseries Blackpool as part of the story . </P> <P> The track also appeared on an advert for Coronation Street in 2003 , promoting the climax of a bigamous storyline involving the character Peter Barlow . Barlow , portrayed by Chris Gascoyne , was seated at a table , reflectively spinning his two wedding rings around . </P> <P> On The Colbert Report , a couple who had been prevented from wedding at the Jefferson Memorial , by the 2013 government shutdown , were married . The couple 's first dance was to Audra McDonald singing the song . </P> <P> H.P. Baxxter , frontman of German band Scooter occasionally sings this song unplugged on TV events . </P> <P> A version sung in Greek by George Kostoglou appeared in My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2 . </P> <P> The American rock band In This Moment was set to collaborate with Idol on the track `` Black Wedding '' off their sixth album Ritual ; the song 's chorus contains the line , `` it 's a nice night for a black wedding , '' an obvious homage to Idol 's 1982 hit `` White Wedding . '' Due to claimed scheduling difficulties , Rob Halford will instead be featured on the track . </P> <H2> Charts ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1982 -- 1983 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 6 * </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 36 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Top Tracks </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> U.S. Billboard Dance / Disco Top 80 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Can . RPM RPM Top 50 Singles </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Notes : </P> <Ul> <Li> * UK re-release in 1985 </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Marks , Craig ; Tannenbaum , Rob ( 2011 ) . I Want My MTV : The Uncensored Story of the Music Video Revolution . New York , NY : Dutton . pp. 124 -- 125 . ISBN 978 - 0 - 525 - 95230 - 5 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Billy Idol , Biography , A & E </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Randee Dawn ( 2013 - 10 - 04 ) . `` Stephen Colbert marries couple whose wedding was shut out by shutdown '' . TODAY.com . Retrieved 2014

The song "White Wedding" was sung by

Who sang nice day for a white wedding?

7974359068346844171

Ministry of Corporate Affairs - Wikipedia <H1> Ministry of Corporate Affairs </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Ministry of Corporate Affairs कॉर्पोरेट मामलों के मंत्रालय <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Emblem of India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Agency overview </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jurisdiction </Th> <Td> Republic of India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headquarters </Th> <Td> Shastri Bhawan , New Delhi 28 ° 36 ′ 50 '' N 77 ° 12 ′ 32 '' E  /  28.61389 ° N 77.20889 ° E  / 28.61389 ; 77.20889 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Agency executives </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Arun Jaitley , Minister of Corporate Affairs </Li> <Li> PP Choudhary , Minister of State for Corporate Affairs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Child agencies </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Registrar of Companies </Li> <Li> Serious Fraud Investigation Office ( SFIO ) </Li> <Li> Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs ( IICA ) </Li> <Li> Competition Commission of India </Li> <Li> National Company Law Tribunal ( NCLT ) </Li> <Li> National Company Law Appelate Tribunal ( NCLAT ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.mca.gov.in </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Ministry of Corporate Affairs ( MCA ) is an Indian government ministry. This Ministry is primarily concerned with administration of the Companies Act 2013 , the Companies Act 1956 , the Limited Liability Partnership Act , 2008 & other allied Acts and rules & regulations framed there - under mainly for regulating the functioning of the corporate sector in accordance with law . It is responsible mainly for regulation of Indian enterprises in Industrial and Services sector . The current minister of corporate affairs is Arun Jaitley . The current Minister of State for Corporate Affairs is Mr. PP Choudhary . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Administration </Li> <Li> 2 See also </Li> <Li> 3 Notes and references </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Administration ( edit ) </H2> <P> The ministry administers the following acts : </P> <Ul> <Li> The Companies Act , 2013 </Li> <Li> The Companies Act , 1956 </Li> <Li> The Companies Act , 2002 </Li> <Li> The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act 1969 </Li> <Li> The Chartered Accountants Act , 1949 ( As amended by the Chartered Accountants ( Amendment ) Act , 2006 ) </Li> <Li> The Company Secretaries Act , 1980 ( As amended by The Company Secretaries ( Amendment ) Act , 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Cost and Works Accountants Act 1959 ( As Amended By The Cost And Works Accountants ( Amendment ) Act , 2006 ) </Li> <Li> Companies ( Donation to National ) Fund Act 1951 </Li> <Li> The Indian Partnership Act , 1932 </Li> <Li> Societies Registration Act 1860 </Li> <Li> The Companies Amendment Act , 2006 </Li> <Li> The Limited liability Partnership Act , 2008 </Li> </Ul> <P> In August 2013 The Companies Act , 2013 passed . It will regulate fraud by corporations and is intended to avoid the accounting scandals such as the Satyam scandal which have plagued India . It replaces The Companies Act , 1956 which has proven outmoded in terms of handling 21st century problems . </P> <P> The Ministry has constituted a Committee for framing of National Competition Policy ( India ) and related matters ( formulate amendments in the Act ) under the Chairmanship of Dhanendra Kumar , former Chairman of Competition Commission of India . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Registrar of Companies , India </Li> <Li> List of company registers </Li> <Li> Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes and references ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.mca.gov.in/MinistryV2/about_mca.html </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Jen Swanson ( August 15 , 2013 ) . `` India Seeks to Overhaul a Corporate World Rife With Fraud '' ( `` Dealbook '' blog ) . The New York Times . Retrieved August 16 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Parliament passes Companies Bill 2012 ( Update ) '' . Yahoo ! News India . ANI. 8 Aug 2013 . Retrieved 16 Aug 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` MCA draft - Ministry Of Corporate Affairs '' . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Second Round of Consultations on the Revised Version of National Competition Policy Begins Tomorrow '' . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Ministry of Corporate Affairs Official Website </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Government ministries of India </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> President ( List ) Government of India Prime Minister ( List Office ) Deputy Prime Minister Council of Ministers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Current </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Agriculture and Farmers Welfare </Li> <Li> AYUSH </Li> <Li> Chemicals and Fertilizers </Li> <Li> Civil Aviation </Li> <Li> Coal </Li> <Li> Commerce and Industry </Li> <Li> Communications </Li> <Li> Consumer Affairs </Li> <Li> Culture </Li> <Li> Defence </Li> <Li> Drinking Water and Sanitation </Li> <Li> Earth Sciences </Li> <Li> Electronics and Information Technology </Li> <Li> Environment , Forest and Climate Change </Li> <Li> External Affiars </Li> <Li> Finance </Li> <Li> Food Processing Industries </Li> <Li> Health and Family Welfare </Li> <Li> Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises </Li> <Li> Home Affairs </Li> <Li> Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation </Li> <Li> Human Resource Development </Li> <Li> Information and Broadcasting </Li> <Li> Labour and Employment </Li> <Li> Law and Justice </Li> <Li> Micro , Small and Medium Enterprises </Li> <Li> Mines </Li> <Li> Minority Affairs </Li> <Li> New and Renewable Energy </Li> <Li> North East </Li> <Li> Panchayati Raj </Li> <Li> Parliamentary Affairs </Li> <Li> Personnel , Public Grievances and Pensions </Li> <Li> Petroleum </Li> <Li> Power </Li> <Li> Railways </Li> <Li> Road Transport and Highways </Li> <Li> Rural Development </Li> <Li> Science and Technology </Li> <Li> Shipping </Li> <Li> Skill Development and Entrepreneurship </Li> <Li> Social Justice and Empowerment </Li> <Li> Statistics and Programme Implementation </Li> <Li> Steel </Li> <Li> Textiles </Li> <Li> Tourism </Li> <Li> Tribal Affairs </Li> <Li> Urban Development </Li> <Li> Water Resources </Li> <Li> Women and Child Development </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Defunct </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Communications and Information Technology </Li> <Li> Overseas Indian Affairs </Li> <Li> Surface Transport </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ministers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Home Affairs </Li> <Li> Finance </Li> <Li> External Affairs </Li> <Li> Defence </Li> <Li> Railways </Li> <Li> Health and Family Welfare </Li> <Li> HRD </Li> <Li> Information and Broadcasting </Li> <Li> Labour and Employment </Li> <Li> Parliamentary Affairs </Li> <Li> Science and Technology </Li> <Li> Tribal Affairs </Li> <Li> North Eastern Region </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article about government in India is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Corporate_Affairs&oldid=805418031 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Government ministries of India </Li> <Li> Ministry of Corporate Affairs </Li> <Li> Indian government stubs </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> தமிழ் </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 15 October 2017 , at 07 : 35 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The authority or governing body of MCA is the

Who is the authority or governing body of mca?

8122014815961110057

Speed of sound - wikipedia <H1> Speed of sound </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Speed of sound ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Sound measurements </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Characteristic </Th> <Td> Symbols </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sound pressure </Th> <Td> p , SPL , L </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Particle velocity </Th> <Td> v , SVL </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Particle displacement </Th> <Td> δ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sound intensity </Th> <Td> I , SIL </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sound power </Th> <Td> P , SWL , L </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sound energy </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sound energy density </Th> <Td> w </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sound exposure </Th> <Td> E , SEL </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Acoustic impedance </Th> <Td> Z </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Speed of sound </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Audio frequency </Th> <Td> AF </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Transmission loss </Th> <Td> TL </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium . In dry air at 0 ° C ( 32 ° F ) , the speed of sound is 331.2 metres per second ( 1,087 ft / s ; 1,192 km / h ; 741 mph ; 644 kn ) . At 20 ° C ( 68 ° F ) , the speed of sound is 343 metres per second ( 1,125 ft / s ; 1,235 km / h ; 767 mph ; 667 kn ) , or a kilometre in 2.91 s or a mile in 4.69 s . </P> <P> The speed of sound in an ideal gas depends only on its temperature and composition . The speed has a weak dependence on frequency and pressure in ordinary air , deviating slightly from ideal behavior . </P> <P> In common everyday speech , speed of sound refers to the speed of sound waves in air . However , the speed of sound varies from substance to substance : sound travels most slowly in gases ; it travels faster in liquids ; and faster still in solids . For example , ( as noted above ) , sound travels at 343 m / s in air ; it travels at 1,484 m / s in water ( 4.3 times as fast as in air ) ; and at 5,120 m / s in iron ( about 15 times as fast as in air ) . In an exceptionally stiff material such as diamond , sound travels at 12,000 metres per second ( 26,843 mph ) ; ( about 35 times as fast as in air ) which is around the maximum speed that sound will travel under normal conditions . </P> <P> Sound waves in solids are composed of compression waves ( just as in gases and liquids ) , and a different type of sound wave called a shear wave , which occurs only in solids . Shear waves in solids usually travel at different speeds , as exhibited in seismology . The speed of compression waves in solids is determined by the medium 's compressibility , shear modulus and density . The speed of shear waves is determined only by the solid material 's shear modulus and density . </P> <P> In fluid dynamics , the speed of sound in a fluid medium ( gas or liquid ) is used as a relative measure for the speed of an object moving through the medium . The ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound in the fluid is called the object 's Mach number . Objects moving at speeds greater than Mach 1 are said to be traveling at supersonic speeds . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Basic concepts <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Compression and shear waves </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Equations </Li> <Li> 4 Dependence on the properties of the medium </Li> <Li> 5 Altitude variation and implications for atmospheric acoustics </Li> <Li> 6 Practical formula for dry air </Li> <Li> 7 Details <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Speed of sound in ideal gases and air </Li> <Li> 7.2 Effects due to wind shear </Li> <Li> 7.3 Tables </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Effect of frequency and gas composition <Ul> <Li> 8.1 General physical considerations </Li> <Li> 8.2 Practical application to air </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Mach number </Li> <Li> 10 Experimental methods <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Single - shot timing methods </Li> <Li> 10.2 Other methods </Li> <Li> 10.3 High - precision measurements in air </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Non-gaseous media <Ul> <Li> 11.1 Speed of sound in solids <Ul> <Li> 11.1. 1 Three - dimensional solids </Li> <Li> 11.1. 2 One - dimensional solids </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11.2 Speed of sound in liquids <Ul> <Li> 11.2. 1 Water </Li> <Li> 11.2. 2 Seawater </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11.3 Speed of sound in plasma </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 12 Gradients </Li> <Li> 13 See also </Li> <Li> 14 References </Li> <Li> 15 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> Sir Isaac Newton computed the speed of sound in air as 979 feet per second ( 298 m / s ) , which is too low by about 15 % , . Newton 's analysis was good save for neglecting the ( then unknown ) effect of rapidly - fluctuating temperature in a sound wave ( in modern terms , sound wave compression and expansion of air is an adiabatic process , not an isothermal process ) . This error was later rectified by Laplace . </P> <P> During the 17th century , there were several attempts to measure the speed of sound accurately , including attempts by Marin Mersenne in 1630 ( 1,380 Parisian feet per second ) , Pierre Gassendi in 1635 ( 1,473 Parisian feet per second ) and Robert Boyle ( 1,125 Parisian feet per second ) . </P> <P> In 1709 , the Reverend William Derham , Rector of Upminster , published a more accurate measure of the speed of sound , at 1,072 Parisian feet per second . Derham used a telescope from the tower of the church of St Laurence , Upminster to observe the flash of a distant shotgun being fired , and then measured the time until he heard the gunshot with a half second pendulum . Measurements were made of gunshots from a number of local landmarks , including North Ockendon church . The distance was known by triangulation , and thus the speed that the sound had travelled was calculated . </P> <H2> Basic concepts ( edit ) </H2> <P> The transmission of sound can be illustrated by using a model consisting of an array of spherical objects interconnected by springs . </P> <P> In real material terms , the spheres represent the material 's molecules and the springs represent the bonds between them . Sound passes through the system by compressing and expanding the springs , transmitting the acoustic energy to neighboring spheres . This helps transmit the energy in - turn to the neighboring sphere 's springs ( bonds ) , and so on . </P> <P> The speed of sound through the model depends on the stiffness / rigidity of the springs , and the mass of the spheres . As long as the spacing of the spheres remains constant , stiffer springs / bonds transmit energy quicker , while larger spheres transmit the energy slower . Effects like dispersion and reflection can also be understood using this model . </P> <P> In a real material , the stiffness of the springs is known as the `` elastic modulus '' , and the mass corresponds to the material density . Given that all other things being equal ( ceteris paribus ) , sound will travel slower in spongy materials , and faster in stiffer ones . For instance , sound will travel 1.59 times faster in nickel than in bronze , due to the greater stiffness of nickel at about the same density . Similarly , sound travels about 1.41 times faster in light hydrogen ( protium ) gas than in heavy hydrogen ( deuterium ) gas , since deuterium has similar properties but twice the density . At the same time , `` compression - type '' sound will travel faster in solids than in liquids , and faster in liquids than in gases , because the solids are more difficult to compress than liquids , while liquids in turn are more difficult to compress than gases . </P> <P> Some textbooks mistakenly state that the speed of sound increases with increasing density . This is usually illustrated by presenting data for three materials , such as air , water and steel , which also have vastly different levels compressibilities which more than make up for the density differences . An illustrative example of the two effects is that sound travels only 4.3 times faster in water than air , despite enormous differences in compressibility of the two media . The reason is that the larger density of water , which works to slow sound in water relative to air , nearly makes up for the compressibility differences in the two media . </P> <P> A practical example can be observed in Edinburgh , when the `` One o ' Clock Gun '' is fired at the eastern end of Edinburgh Castle . Standing at the base of the western end of the Castle Rock , the sound of the Gun can be heard through the rock , slightly before it arrives by the air route , partly delayed by the slightly longer route . It is particularly effective if a multi-gun salute such as for `` The Queen 's Birthday '' is being fired . </P> <H3> Compression and shear waves ( edit ) </H3> Pressure - pulse or compression - type wave ( longitudinal wave ) confined to a plane . This is the only type of sound wave that travels in fluids ( gases and liquids ) . A pressure - type wave may also travel in solids , along with other types of waves ( transverse waves , see below ) Transverse wave affecting atoms initially confined to a plane . This additional type of sound wave ( additional type of elastic wave ) travels only in solids , for it requires a sideways shearing motion which is supported by the presence of elasticity in the solid . The sideways shearing motion may take place in any direction which is at right - angle to the direction of wave - travel ( only one shear direction is shown here , at right angles to the plane ) . Furthermore , the right - angle shear direction may change over time and distance , resulting in different types of polarization of shear - waves <P> In a gas or liquid , sound consists of compression waves . In solids , waves propagate as two different types . A longitudinal wave is associated with compression and decompression in the direction of travel , and is the same process in gases and liquids , with an analogous compression - type wave in solids . Only compression waves are supported in gases and liquids . An additional type of wave , the transverse wave , also called a shear wave , occurs only in solids because only solids support elastic deformations . It is due to elastic deformation of the medium perpendicular to the direction of wave travel ; the direction of shear - deformation is called the `` polarization '' of this type of wave . In general , transverse waves occur as a pair of orthogonal polarizations . </P> <P> These different waves ( compression waves and the different polarizations of shear waves ) may have different speeds at the same frequency . Therefore , they arrive at an observer at different times , an extreme example being an earthquake , where sharp compression

Sound travels fastest in

Where does sound travel fastest solid liquid or gas?

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with front seats only ( used for cargo ) have green plates with black characters . </Li> <Li> The EU format is optional in Denmark , Finland , the United Kingdom and also Cyprus . This is because of the way in which the Council Regulation implementing the EU Symbol ( Regulation No. 2411 / 98 ) is drafted . It only requires states that have ratified the Vienna Convention of 1968 on road traffic to enforce the EU symbol . </Li> <Li> Several non-EU European states have implemented similar formats , replacing the circle of stars with own symbols . Norway is an example of such state , issuing europlates with the Norwegian flag replacing the circle of stars . Iceland issues plates with the Icelandic flag above the country code on the left side . From those states that joined in the 2004 enlargement of the European Union Malta already used europlates , while Latvia , Poland and Lithuania had used EU number plates displaying the national flag before their accession , as did Bulgaria and Romania before their accession in 2007 . </Li> <Li> Turkey is not a member of the EU , however uses the blue European strip on the left of the plate as a member of European Customs Union ( only member of the union without EU membership ) , with the country code ( TR ) , but without the 12 - EU stars sign . License plates consist of letters and digits in combinations of 99 AB 999 , 99 A 9999 , 99 ABC 99 , 99 AB 9999 or 99 A 99999 where the first two digits show which province the vehicle is registered from . First two digits numbers go from 01 to 81 ( as there are 81 provinces in Turkey ) and each one is assigned to a province with alphabetical order e.g. 01 is the code of the province Adana or 34 is the code of the province Istanbul . All 81 provinces uses `` 01 AB 123 '' style plates initially until all combinations ran out , then the province starts to use 01 A 1234 then 01 ABC 12 etc . As a result , three largest provinces i.e. Istanbul , Ankara and İzmir are currently issuing 99 AB 9999 style plates since they used all combinations of previous series but the province Sivas for example , still issues 99 AB 999 plates as having a modest population and number of vehicles . 99 A 99999 series are not regular since they are only used in provinces where commercial vehicles are abundant e.g. Bursa to distinguish these vehicles there from passenger cars . Letters `` I '' and `` O '' are only used in the middle 01 ABC 12 series e.g. 34 YOC 34 or 06 TIL 56 to avoid confusion with numerals `` 1 '' and `` 0 '' respectively . Also some letters combinations like `` PKK '' are not issued due to their referring to political organizations or words likely to cause offence . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Common letter and digit systems between countries ( edit ) </H3> <P> Several countries have made efforts to avoid duplicating registration numbers used by other countries . Nevertheless , this is not completely successful and there are occasional difficulties for example in connection with parking fines and automatic speed cameras . </P> <Ul> <Li> Belgium ( until 2010 ) , Cyprus , Finland , Georgia ( until 2014 ) , Hungary , Lithuania , Malta , Sweden ( since 1974 ) , and Moldova ( since 2014 ) each use combinations of first three letters and then three digits . </Li> <Li> Bulgaria uses plate numbers in the form A ( A ) - 0000 - A ( A ) , i.e. one or two letters representing the region , then four digits , then one or two more letters . All letters used are intersection of Latin and Cyrillic alphabet , i.e. A , B , C , E , H , K , M , O , P , T , X and Y . </Li> <Li> Greece uses a combination of three letters ( which are the intersection of Latin and Greek alphabet , i.e. A , B , E , Z , H , I , K , M , N , O , P , T , Y , X in Greek alphabetic order ) and four numbers , in the form of AAA - 0000 , while Spain uses a four number - three letter combination , in the form of 0000 BBB ( vowels and some maybe confusing consonants , like Ñ and Q , are not used ) </Li> <Li> Denmark and Norway use two letters and five digits ( for trailers in Denmark two letters but just four digits ) . The plates look very similar , but Denmark has a red border around the plate . Use of the country code on the plate may mitigate this problem ( Norway began using the system on 1 November 2006 ) . Denmark has begun running out of combinations in this style and has now introduced combinations previously reserved for Faroe Islands for EU style number plates ( which will use different letters than non-EU style plates ) . </Li> <Li> The Netherlands and Portugal both use three groups of two characters ( letters or numbers ) in several sequences : AB - 12 - CD , 12 - 34 - AB , 12 - AB - 34 , AB - 12 - 34 , etc . However , Portuguese plates have a white background , while those of Netherlands ( after 1978 - 01 - 01 ) have a yellow one , though both countries also use white letters on blue plates for classic cars . Furthermore , newer plates on Dutch vehicles only contain consonants , to avoid coincidental abbreviations or words . Also some sensitive letter combinations , such as SS or SD , are not used . The combination ' AA ' is reserved for cars of the royal family . Dutch company registered bus , truck and / or minivan plates always start with a B or a V. Dutch taxis use blue registration plates . The number of new combinations ran out in 2008 . By now , new registered cars in the Netherlands use the following format of two digits - three letters - one digit ( 12 - ABC - 3 ) . </Li> <Li> Belgium used the sequence ABC - 123 between 1973 and 2008 . When these combinations ran out in 2008 , the inverse sequence 123 - ABC was adopted , with the first plate in the new series issued on June 25 , 2008 . With the introduction of the European format on November 15 , 2010 , a seven - character combination 1 - ABC - 234 is used and the previous 123 - ABC was discontinued . However , the six - character plates will remain valid and no date is set for their expiration yet . Since Belgian plates are linked to an owner rather than to a vehicle , these older plates are likely to remain in use for a considerable time . As a way to phase out the six - character plates , future vehicle subscriptions will only be possible on the seven - character plates . </Li> <Li> Luxembourg plates use two letters and four digits AB 1234 . Older series with only three digits ( AB 123 ) or all - numeric plates with up to five digits are no longer issued but are still in use . </Li> <Li> Current registrations allocated in Romania and the United Kingdom ( where the registration contains two digits ) are both of the form AB12 CDE ) . The Romanian rear plates are white whereas UK ones are yellow . There is also a difference in the spacing and the font . In 2015 , Bucharest , the capital of Romania , adopted the form B 123 AAA , three digits and three letters , because the number of cars had risen . </Li> <Li> Sweden . Until 1973 / 74 the Swedish pattern was one letter representing the län ( county ) where the car was first registered , followed by four or five digits . However , in the more populated län , a second letter became introduced over time . F.i. vehicles from southernmost county got the letter M + five digits , later also MA + five digits , MB + five digits etc . A problem was that the two northernmost counties had already been given two letters , the letter prefixes AC and BD , as the number of usable letters exceeded the number of counties . The ABC 123 system was introduced gradually from July 1973 until June 1974 . </Li> <Li> Slovakia uses AB 123CD and Croatia uses AB 123 - CD ( in both cases also other patterns are possible ) . Both countries use a coat of arms after first two letters , and the fonts and colors also look very similar . The plates can be easily distinguished by country code on the blue strip on left . </Li> <Li> Montenegro and Serbia , currently not members of the EU , used the following system until 2007 : MM 12 - 34 , MM 123 - 45 or MM 123 - 456 ( MM being two letter abbreviation of municipality ) , and having state flag ( of former Yugoslavia , later Serbia and Montenegro ) between municipality and numbers . Montenegro left that system in 2007 , and introduced new format : MM AB 123 , with Montenegrin coat of arms in circular shape between municipality and letter sequence . Blue strip with MNE country code is placed in the left side , with vacant place for EU stars , in case of joining the Union . Serbia also uses new system with blue strip country code SRB : MM 123 - AB and MM 1234 - AB , with Serbian coat of arms between municipality and number sequence . The first two letters on the Serbian plates represent the municipality code , written in Latin letters , and repeated in Cyrillic characters with small letters under the coat of arms . The following system is used for taxi vehicles : BG 123 TX or BG 1234 TX and recently even BG 12345 TX , where a TX combination is reserved for this purpose only ( another taxi vehicles have private vehicle plates ) . Since 2017 , Serbia stopped issuing plates with last two letters containing W , Q , Y , X ( except TX ) , Č , Ć , Š , Ž , and Đ , however Serbian Latin letters with diacritics are still used to mark the municipality code , like ČA for Čačak or ŠA for Šabac . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Differing numbering systems ( edit ) </H3> <P> Individual European countries use differing numbering schemes and text fonts : </P> <Ul> <Li> Most countries , including Austria , Bulgaria , Croatia , the Czech Republic , Germany , Greece , Ireland , Macedonia , Montenegro , Norway , Poland , Romania , Serbia , Slovakia , Slovenia and Switzerland ( formerly also Sweden - until 1974 , Italy -- until 1994 , Bosnia and Herzegovina -- until 1998 , Lithuania and Spain -- until 2000 , Estonia - until 2004 and Albania -- until 2011 , of former countries also East Germany - until 1990 , Soviet Union - until 1991 , Czechoslovakia - until 1993 , Yugoslavia - until 1998 and Serbia and Montenegro - until 2011 ) , have systems in which there is a direct link between a letter or letters appearing on the plate and the town or district where the plate was issued ( e.g. `` B '' and `` M '' in Germany for Berlin and Munich , `` TN '' and `` ZV '' in Slovakia for Trenčín and Zvolen , `` BG '' and `` KG '' in

The letters "AA" on a license plate signify that the vehicle belongs to

What does aa on a license plate mean?

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and gems are different manifestations of the same structure . Later ultrastructural studies have shown gems to be twins of Cajal bodies with the difference being in the coilin component ; Cajal bodies are SMN positive and coilin positive , and gems are SMN positive and coilin negative . </P> Rafa and PTF domains <P> RAFA domains , or polymorphic interphase karyosomal associations , were first described in microscopy studies in 1991 . Their function remains unclear , though they were not thought to be associated with active DNA replication , transcription , or RNA processing . They have been found to often associate with discrete domains defined by dense localization of the transcription factor PTF , which promotes transcription of small nuclear RNA ( snRNA ) . </P> PML bodies <P> Promyelocytic leukaemia bodies ( PML bodies ) are spherical bodies found scattered throughout the nucleoplasm , measuring around 0.1 -- 1.0 μm . They are known by a number of other names , including nuclear domain 10 ( ND10 ) , Kremer bodies , and PML oncogenic domains . PML bodies are named after one of their major components , the promyelocytic leukemia protein ( PML ) . They are often seen in the nucleus in association with Cajal bodies and cleavage bodies . PML bodies belong to the nuclear matrix , an ill - defined super-structure of the nucleus proposed to anchor and regulate many nuclear functions , including DNA replication , transcription , or epigenetic silencing . The PML protein is the key organizer of these domains that recruits an ever - growing number of proteins , whose only common known feature to date is their ability to be SUMOylated . Yet , pml - / - mice ( which have their PML gene deleted ) can not assemble nuclear bodies , develop normally and live well , demonstrating that PML bodies are dispensable for most basic biological functions . </P> Splicing speckles <P> Speckles are subnuclear structures that are enriched in pre-messenger RNA splicing factors and are located in the interchromatin regions of the nucleoplasm of mammalian cells . At the fluorescence - microscope level they appear as irregular , punctate structures , which vary in size and shape , and when examined by electron microscopy they are seen as clusters of interchromatin granules . Speckles are dynamic structures , and both their protein and RNA - protein components can cycle continuously between speckles and other nuclear locations , including active transcription sites . Studies on the composition , structure and behaviour of speckles have provided a model for understanding the functional compartmentalization of the nucleus and the organization of the gene - expression machinery splicing snRNPs and other splicing proteins necessary for pre-mRNA processing . Because of a cell 's changing requirements , the composition and location of these bodies changes according to mRNA transcription and regulation via phosphorylation of specific proteins . The splicing speckles are also known as nuclear speckles ( nuclear specks ) , splicing factor compartments ( SF compartments ) , interchromatin granule clusters ( IGCs ) , B snurposomes . B snurposomes are found in the amphibian oocyte nuclei and in Drosophila melanogaster embryos . B snurposomes appear alone or attached to the Cajal bodies in the electron micrographs of the amphibian nuclei . IGCs function as storage sites for the splicing factors . </P> Paraspeckles Main article : Paraspeckle <P> Discovered by Fox et al. in 2002 , paraspeckles are irregularly shaped compartments in the nucleus ' interchromatin space . First documented in HeLa cells , where there are generally 10 -- 30 per nucleus , paraspeckles are now known to also exist in all human primary cells , transformed cell lines , and tissue sections . Their name is derived from their distribution in the nucleus ; the `` para '' is short for parallel and the `` speckles '' refers to the splicing speckles to which they are always in close proximity . </P> <P> Paraspeckles are dynamic structures that are altered in response to changes in cellular metabolic activity . They are transcription dependent and in the absence of RNA Pol II transcription , the paraspeckle disappears and all of its associated protein components ( PSP1 , p54nrb , PSP2 , CFI ( m ) 68 , and PSF ) form a crescent shaped perinucleolar cap in the nucleolus . This phenomenon is demonstrated during the cell cycle . In the cell cycle , paraspeckles are present during interphase and during all of mitosis except for telophase . During telophase , when the two daughter nuclei are formed , there is no RNA Pol II transcription so the protein components instead form a perinucleolar cap . </P> Perichromatin fibrils <P> Perichromatin fibrils are visible only under electron microscope . They are located next to the transcriptionally active chromatin and are hypothesized to be the sites of active pre-mRNA processing . </P> <P> Clastosome </P> <P> Clastosomes are small nuclear bodies ( 0.2 - 0.5 μm ) described as donut - shaped due to the peripheral capsule around these bodies . This name is derived from the Greek klastos , broken and soma , body . Clastosomes are not typically present in normal cells , making them hard to detect . They form under high proteolysis conditions within the nucleus and degrade once there is a decrease in activity or if cells are treated with proteasome inhibitors . The scarcity of clastosomes in cells indicates that they are not required for proteasome function . Osmotic stress has also been shown to cause the formation of clastosomes . These nuclear bodies contain catalytic and regulatory sub-units of the proteasome and its substrates , indicating that clastosomes are sites for degrading proteins . </P> <P> The Clastosome would be an important addition to the ' Cell Nucleus ' Wiki page because it plays a role in cell function . With further research , we may discover that this nuclear body has a more influential job in cell function than what is already known . </P> <H2> Function </H2> <P> The nucleus provides a site for genetic transcription that is segregated from the location of translation in the cytoplasm , allowing levels of gene regulation that are not available to prokaryotes . The main function of the cell nucleus is to control gene expression and mediate the replication of DNA during the cell cycle . </P> <P> The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells . Inside its fully enclosed nuclear membrane , it contains the majority of the cell 's genetic material . This material is organized as DNA molecules , along with a variety of proteins , to form chromosomes . </P> <H3> Cell compartmentalization </H3> <P> The nuclear envelope allows the nucleus to control its contents , and separate them from the rest of the cytoplasm where necessary . This is important for controlling processes on either side of the nuclear membrane . In most cases where a cytoplasmic process needs to be restricted , a key participant is removed to the nucleus , where it interacts with transcription factors to downregulate the production of certain enzymes in the pathway . This regulatory mechanism occurs in the case of glycolysis , a cellular pathway for breaking down glucose to produce energy . Hexokinase is an enzyme responsible for the first the step of glycolysis , forming glucose - 6 - phosphate from glucose . At high concentrations of fructose - 6 - phosphate , a molecule made later from glucose - 6 - phosphate , a regulator protein removes hexokinase to the nucleus , where it forms a transcriptional repressor complex with nuclear proteins to reduce the expression of genes involved in glycolysis . </P> <P> In order to control which genes are being transcribed , the cell separates some transcription factor proteins responsible for regulating gene expression from physical access to the DNA until they are activated by other signaling pathways . This prevents even low levels of inappropriate gene expression . For example , in the case of NF - κB - controlled genes , which are involved in most inflammatory responses , transcription is induced in response to a signal pathway such as that initiated by the signaling molecule TNF - α , binds to a cell membrane receptor , resulting in the recruitment of signalling proteins , and eventually activating the transcription factor NF - κB . A nuclear localisation signal on the NF - κB protein allows it to be transported through the nuclear pore and into the nucleus , where it stimulates the transcription of the target genes . </P> <P> The compartmentalization allows the cell to prevent translation of unspliced mRNA . Eukaryotic mRNA contains introns that must be removed before being translated to produce functional proteins . The splicing is done inside the nucleus before the mRNA can be accessed by ribosomes for translation . Without the nucleus , ribosomes would translate newly transcribed ( unprocessed ) mRNA , resulting in malformed and nonfunctional proteins . </P> <H3> Gene expression </H3> Main article : Gene expression A micrograph of ongoing gene transcription of ribosomal RNA illustrating the growing primary transcripts . `` Begin '' indicates the 5 ' end of the DNA , where new RNA synthesis begins ; `` end '' indicates the 3 ' end , where the primary transcripts are almost complete . <P> Gene expression first involves transcription , in which DNA is used as a template to produce RNA . In the case of genes encoding proteins , that RNA produced from this process is messenger RNA ( mRNA ) , which then needs to be translated by ribosomes to form a protein . As ribosomes are located outside the nucleus , mRNA produced needs to be exported . </P> <P> Since the nucleus is the site of transcription , it also contains a variety of proteins that either directly mediate transcription or are involved in regulating the process . These proteins include helicases , which unwind the double - stranded DNA molecule to facilitate access to it , RNA polymerases , which bind to the DNA promoter to synthesize the growing RNA molecule , topoisomerases , which change the amount of supercoiling in DNA , helping it wind and unwind , as well as a large variety of transcription factors that regulate expression . </P> <H3> Processing of pre-mRNA </H3> Main article : Post-transcriptional modification <P> Newly synthesized mRNA molecules are known as primary transcripts or pre-mRNA . They must undergo post-transcriptional modification in the nucleus before being exported to the cytoplasm ; mRNA that appears in the cytoplasm without these modifications is degraded rather than used for protein translation . The three main modifications are 5 ' capping , 3 ' polyadenylation , and RNA splicing . While in the nucleus , pre-mRNA is associated with a variety of proteins in complexes known as heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particles ( hnRNPs ) . Addition of the 5 ' cap occurs co-transcriptionally and is the first step in post-transcriptional modification . The 3 ' poly - adenine tail is only added after transcription is complete . </P> <P> RNA splicing , carried out by a complex called the spliceosome , is the process by which introns , or regions of DNA that do not code for protein , are removed from the pre-mRNA and the remaining exons connected to re-form a single continuous molecule . This process normally occurs after 5 ' capping and 3 ' polyadenylation but can begin before synthesis is complete in transcripts with many exons . Many pre-mRNAs , including those encoding antibodies , can be spliced in multiple ways to produce different mature mRNAs that encode different protein sequences . This process is known as alternative splicing , and allows production of a large variety of proteins from a limited amount of DNA . </P> <H2> Dynamics and regulation </H2> <H3> Nuclear transport </H3> Main article : Nuclear transport Macromolecules , such as RNA and proteins , are actively transported across the nuclear membrane in a process called the Ran - GTP nuclear transport cycle . <P> The entry and exit of large molecules from the

The advantage of enclosing DNA material in the nucleus is that it provides

What is the advantage of enclosing dna material in the nucleus?

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edit ) <Ul> <Li> Barry , played by Dan Futterman . Karen sets up her hopeless cousin Barry with Will , shortly after he comes out . Will and Jack soon undertake a Pygmalion-esque attempt at turning Barry into a more confident gay man , ending when Will falls for Barry though Barry wants to play around before settling down . </Li> <Li> James Hanson , played by Taye Diggs . Will meets James at a Manhattan theater and the two have an immediate connection . He later runs into James while on a trip to Los Angeles . James has recently discovered he is going to be deported back to Canada . Grace agreed to marry James so that he can acquire a green card in order to remain in the United States , thus giving James and Will 's relationship a chance . However , Will soon discovers James was not who he thought he was , as James began showing himself to be self - centered . Will requests that Grace annul their marriage . </Li> <Li> Matthew , played by Patrick Dempsey , is a sports reporter Will meets at a Banana Republic store while trying to help Jack woo him . Jack and Matt have little in common and Will instead finds himself in a relationship with him . They date for a while but Matt 's refusal to come out leads to their break - up . </Li> <Li> Scott , played by Branden Williams , is Will 's 23 - year - old date in two episodes in season 3 , and works at a local video rental shop . Although they get along well together , Will feels self - conscious about dating Scott , who is quite a bit younger than he is . Will agrees to break it off with Scott if Grace agrees to dump Nathan . Grace agrees and Will breaks up with Scott , though Grace keeps on seeing Nathan . </Li> <Li> Diane , played by Mira Sorvino & Lisa Borgnes , is a woman with whom Will has a drunken one - night stand in order to convince himself he was a 100 % gay after leaving Grace . She is also one of Leo 's exes . Both of these facts make Grace very jealous . Diane states that Will is much better in bed than Leo . Diane was shown briefly ( though she had no lines ) in the season 3 episode titled `` Lows In the Mid-Eighties '' , but was played by a writer 's assistant , Lisa Borgnes . </Li> <Li> Claire , played by Megyn Price , is Will 's high school friend and girlfriend , the first of the only two women Will has ever dated , the second being Grace . She lives in Paris and asks Will to donate sperm so that she can have a baby , but Will realizes that if he was going to donate sperm he wanted to donate it to Grace . </Li> <Li> Michael , played by Chris Potter in season 2 and Cheyenne Jackson in season 9 , is a mostly unseen character and is Will 's lover of seven years . When the sitcom first appeared , he and Michael had recently broken up . Michael appears in the episode `` Hey La , Hey La , My Ex-Boyfriend's Back '' , which aired on March 14 , 2000 . He is mentioned occasionally by Will and Grace , and more than once Will refers to him as the love of his life . In the early seasons of the show Will has a hard time letting him go . He and Will begin dating again in season 9 , but Will ends ti when Michael asks for money . </Li> </Ul> Karen ( edit ) <Ul> <Li> Lyle Finster , played by John Cleese . Lyle is the father of Stan 's mistress , Lorraine . He becomes Karen 's fourth husband for about 20 minutes until the couple realize how little they had in common outside of the bedroom . </Li> <Li> Scott Woolley , played by Jeff Goldblum . Wooley is the man who lost to Karen for Student Body President and has spent his life hatching schemes to ruin her . Sadly , his schemes are often poorly thought out and eventually Grace realises that he does n't hate Karen , he loves her . However , his attempts to woo her are as misguided as his previous ones . Woolley also has a dreadful sense of word - play ( i.e. `` The Scotty Mammoth '' , `` Beam me up , Woolley '' ) . He also changes his first name when using an alias , whereas most people change their last names . </Li> <Li> Lionel Banks , played by Rip Torn . Banks is a bachelor who falls for Karen , under her alias Anastasia Beaverhausen , while Stan is in jail and tempts her into having an affair . </Li> <Li> Malcolm Widmark , played by Alec Baldwin . Widmark is a government agent who helps Stan fake his death . He has a brief relationship with Karen before she reconciles with Stan , and Widmark goes on a government mission to Sri Lanka . Malcolm reappears in the final two episodes of season 9 , where it is revealed that he and Karen go on a rendezvous trip every year . However , Malcolm is very tired of having to hide from Stan and pressures Karen into deciding between him and Stan . Though she is reluctant to change their situation and despite both of them being tempted to give in to each other , Karen decides to stay with Stan and she and Malcolm share an awkward goodbye . </Li> </Ul> Jack ( edit ) <Ul> <Li> Stuart Lamarack , played by Dave Foley , is a client of Will 's who becomes Jack 's longest relationship , until Jack cheats on him . </Li> <Li> Drew , played by Ryan Pinkston , is a police officer , Vince 's co-worker and Jack 's boyfriend for the second half of season 9 . Jack meets him at Vince D'Angelo's wedding in `` The Wedding '' . As Drew is the only cop at the wedding whose favourite show is `` This is Us '' , Jack concludes he must be gay and sleeps with him . This turns out to be the first gay experience for the formerly straight Drew , who reveals he is married , tells Jack he loves him and then introduces him to his wife Angela . Jack is annoyed at that revelation , but later comes to relish it and he and Drew go at it in the bathroom . In the next episode , Jack and Drew start seeing each other secretly and Jack , nervous about screwing things up too soon , advises a reluctant Drew to hold off on coming out to Angela for the time being . He even supports the alibi of them being just guy friends by having Karen pose as his wife . However , Karen , reminded of her mother 's unhappiness in her marriage , outs both Jack and Drew in front of Angela , who is surprisingly supportive and arranges a coming out party for Drew , much to Jack 's distress . Jack admits to Drew that he fears missing out on other great men in his life , but when Karen reminds him of his fear of being old and lonely , which is even worse , he decides to give Drew another chance . In `` One Job '' , after two months of dating , Drew breaks up with Jack , admitting he is not ready for a serious commitment at the moment and wants to see other people . Jack is devastated at the breakup , as he realises that he is now ready to settle down with someone . </Li> <Li> Jack has countless short - term lovers over the course of the series ( and presumably long before and after ) , although most are never mentioned by name , or mentioned at all ; it is constantly assumed , and not always stated , that he has multiple boyfriends in every episode . Due to Jack 's promiscuity , and his habit of forgetting his boyfriends ' names , it would be literally impossible to list all of his love interests over the course of the show . Will jokes that if he was to avoid every man that Jack has ever slept with , `` that would leave ( him ) with women . '' Grace jokes that if everyone stopped working for every man that broke his heart `` the city would shut down . '' Jack also comments that he goes on thousands of dates a year . </Li> </Ul> <H3> Other supporting characters ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Lorraine Finster , played by Minnie Driver , is Stan 's mistress . She is a slutty prison cafeteria worker ( and , it is implied , prostitute ) who instantly forms a hatred of Karen . She was Karen 's stepdaughter very briefly ( for about 20 minutes ) when Lyle , her father , marries Karen . Lorraine was unable to attend the wedding due to an aggressive strain of herpes that kept her from flying . According to the episode `` The Accidental Tsuris '' she was raised as a girl , despite being genetically male or perhaps a hermaphrodite . It is implied she was estranged from her father for several years and may have been born out of wedlock . </Li> <Li> Harlin Polk , played by Gary Grubbs , is a major client of Will 's in season one who ultimately fires him . </Li> <Li> Mrs. Freeman , played by Jo Marie Payton , is an executive assistant at Doucette & Stein , her most commonly uttered phrase is `` Mm - hmm '' which is often said with sass . </Li> <Li> Zandra Zoggin , played by Eileen Brennan , is Jack 's crusty acting coach and a chain - smoking former Hollywood star . After Jack takes over her class , Zandra loses her interest in life and ends up in an actor 's retirement village . </Li> <Li> Dr. Jay Markus , played by Tom Skerritt , is Leo 's father and Grace 's eventual father - in - law . She meets him during brunch , thinking he is one of Leo 's `` old friends '' . </Li> <Li> Eleanor Markus , played by Judith Ivey , is Leo 's mother and a noted author of three books on theatre ; she meets Grace during brunch alongside her husband . She also is the first to tell her new daughter - in - law her son 's actual name , Marvin . </Li> <Li> Mr. Stein , played by Gene Wilder , is the senior partner at Will 's firm , an eccentric man who takes a liking to Will . He refers to Will as `` Gay Will , '' but without at first realising that Will is actually gay . He and Karen are attracted to each other , but nothing comes of it . He is away from the office for some time prior to season 5 due to a mental breakdown and subsequent incarceration in a mental facility ; having been referred to in the company letter - head as running `` The London Office '' in his absence . </Li> <Li> Margot , played by Lily Tomlin , is a senior partner at Will 's firm , who apparently takes over after Mr. Stein . She is also quite eccentric and sarcastic . She promotes Will to partner . </Li> <Li> Dorleen , played by Parker Posey , is Jack 's bitchy , chain - smoking boss during his brief tenure at Barneys New York . </Li> <Li> Mr. Zamir , played by Marshall Manesh , is an obnoxious tenant in

The actor who plays the short cop on Will and Grace is

Who plays the short cop on will and grace?

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Democratic party presidential primaries , 1960 - wikipedia <H1> Democratic party presidential primaries , 1960 </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Democratic Party presidential primaries , 1960 <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> ← 1956 </Td> <Td> March 8 to June 7 , 1960 </Td> <Td> 1964 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Candidate </Th> <Td> John F. Kennedy </Td> <Td> Pat Brown </Td> <Td> George H. McLain </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Home state </Th> <Td> Massachusetts </Td> <Td> California </Td> <Td> California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Contests won </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Popular vote </Th> <Td> 1,847,259 </Td> <Td> 1,354,031 </Td> <Td> 646,387 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Percentage </Th> <Td> 31.4 % </Td> <Td> 23.0 % </Td> <Td> 11.0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Candidate </Th> <Td> Hubert Humphrey </Td> <Td> George Smathers </Td> <Td> Michael DiSalle </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Home state </Th> <Td> Minnesota </Td> <Td> Florida </Td> <Td> Ohio </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Contests won </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Popular vote </Th> <Td> 590,410 </Td> <Td> 322,235 </Td> <Td> 315,312 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Percentage </Th> <Td> 10.1 % </Td> <Td> 5.5 % </Td> <Td> 5.4 % </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Primaries by state </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Previous Democratic nominee <P> Adlai Stevenson </P> </Td> <Td> Democratic nominee <P> John F. Kennedy </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 1960 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1960 U.S. presidential election . Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1960 Democratic National Convention held from July 11 to July 15 , 1960 , in Los Angeles , California . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Primary race </Li> <Li> 2 Candidates <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Candidates gallery </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Primaries <Ul> <Li> 3.1 States by winner </Li> <Li> 3.2 Total popular vote </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Convention <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Presidential nomination </Li> <Li> 4.2 Vice-presidential momination </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Primary race ( edit ) </H2> <P> Recalling the experience of 1928 Catholic Democratic presidential nominee Al Smith , many wondered if anti-Catholic prejudice would affect Kennedy 's chances of winning the nomination and the election in November . To prove his vote - getting ability , Kennedy challenged Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey , a liberal , in the Wisconsin primary . Although Kennedy defeated Humphrey in Wisconsin , the fact that his margin of victory came mostly from heavily Catholic areas left many party bosses unconvinced of Kennedy 's appeal to non-Catholic voters . Kennedy next faced Humphrey in the heavily Protestant state of West Virginia , where anti-Catholic bigotry was said to be widespread . Humphrey 's campaign was low on money and could not compete with the well - organized , well - financed Kennedy team . Kennedy 's attractive sisters and brothers combed the state looking for votes , leading Humphrey to complain that he `` felt like an independent merchant running against a chain store . '' On primary day , Kennedy crushed Humphrey with over 60 % of the vote . Humphrey withdrew from the race and Kennedy had gained the victory he needed to prove to the party 's bosses that a Catholic could win in a non-Catholic state . In the months leading up to the Democratic Convention Kennedy traveled around the nation persuading delegates from various states to support him . However , as the Convention opened , Kennedy was still a few dozen votes short of victory . </P> <P> Although Kennedy won primaries by comfortable margin , his main opponent , Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson , who did not participate in primaries , had a very strong base in party establishment and gained many delegates . Johnson did not join any primary , but was a write - in . </P> <H2> Candidates ( edit ) </H2> <P> The following political leaders were candidates for the 1960 Democratic presidential nomination . Morse , Smathers and Fisher were considered to be `` favorite - son '' candidates , without any realistic chance of winning the nomination : </P> <H3> Candidates gallery ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> <P> Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Senator Stuart Symington of Missouri </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Businessman Paul C. Fisher from Pennsylvania </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Senator George Smathers of Florida </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Former Governor Adlai Stevenson of Illinois </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Primaries ( edit ) </H2> 1960 Democratic presidential primaries <H3> States by winner ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> John F. Kennedy </Th> <Th> Pat Brown </Th> <Th> Hubert Humphrey </Th> <Th> George Smathers </Th> <Th> Michael DiSalle </Th> <Th> Unpledged </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> March 8 </Td> <Td> New Hampshire </Td> <Td> 85 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> April 5 </Td> <Td> Wisconsin </Td> <Td> 56 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 44 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> April 12 </Td> <Td> Illinois </Td> <Td> 65 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 8 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> April 19 </Td> <Td> New Jersey </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 100 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> April 26 </Td> <Td> Massachusetts </Td> <Td> 92 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 1 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> April 26 </Td> <Td> Pennsylvania </Td> <Td> 71 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 4 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> May 3 </Td> <Td> Indiana </Td> <Td> 81 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> May 3 </Td> <Td> Ohio </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 60 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> May 3 </Td> <Td> Washington , D.C. </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 57 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> May 10 </Td> <Td> Nebraska </Td> <Td> 89 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 4 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> May 10 </Td> <Td> West Virginia </Td> <Td> 61 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 39 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> May 17 </Td> <Td> Maryland </Td> <Td> 70 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 8 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> May 20 </Td> <Td> Oregon </Td> <Td> 51 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 6 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> May 24 </Td> <Td> Florida </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 100 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> June 7 </Td> <Td> California </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 67 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> June 7 </Td> <Td> South Dakota </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 100 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> <Td> 0 % </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Total popular vote ( edit ) </H3> <P> Total number of vote in primaries : </P> <P> candidates : </P> <Ul> <Li> John F. Kennedy - 1,847,259 ( 31.43 % ) </Li> <Li> Hubert Humphrey - 590,410 ( 10.05 % ) </Li> <Li> Unpledged delegates - 241,958 ( 4.12 % ) </Li> <Li> Wayne Morse - 147,262 ( 2.51 % ) </Li> <Li> Adlai Stevenson - 51,833 ( 0.88 % ) </Li> </Ul> <P> `` Favorite Sons : '' </P> <Ul> <Li> Pat Brown - 1,354,031 ( 23.04 % ) </Li> <Li> George H. McLain - 646,387 ( 11.00 % ) </Li> <Li> George Smathers - 322,235 ( 5.48 % ) </Li> <Li> Michael DiSalle - 315,312 ( 5.37 % ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Convention ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Presidential nomination ( edit ) </H3> Main article : 1960 Democratic National Convention <P> Presidential tally : </P> <Ul> <Li> John F. Kennedy : 806 ( 52.89 % ) </Li> <Li> Lyndon B. Johnson : 409 ( 26.84 % ) </Li> <Li> Stuart Symington : 86 ( 5.64 % ) </Li> <Li> Adlai Stevenson : 80 ( 5.25 % ) </Li> <Li> Robert B. Meyner : 43 ( 2.82 % ) </Li> <Li> Hubert Humphrey : 42 ( 2.76 % ) </Li> <Li> George Smathers : 30 ( 1.97 % ) </Li> <Li> Ross Barnett : 23 ( 1.51 % ) </Li> <Li> Herschel C. Loveless : 2 ( 0.13 % ) </Li> <Li> Pat Brown , Orval E. Faubus , Albert Dean Rosellini : each 1 vote </Li> </Ul> <H3> Vice-presidential momination ( edit ) </H3> <P> Kennedy announced Lyndon B. Johnson as his choice of running - mate on the afternoon following his nomination . Johnson was nominated by acclamation that evening . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Republican Party presidential primaries , 1960 </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Schlesinger , Arthur M. ( 2002 ) ( 1978 ) . Robert Kennedy and His Times . New York : Houghton Mifflin Company . p. 195 . ISBN 0 - 618 - 21928 - 5 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Our Campaigns - US President - D Primaries Race - Feb 01 , 1960 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Our Campaigns - US President - D Convention Race - Jul 11 , 1960 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ White , Theodore ( 1961 ) . The Making of the President 1960 . Giant Cardinal . p. 212 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lawrence , W.H. ( July 15 , 1960 ) . `` Johnson is Nominated for Vice President ; Kennedy Picks Him to Placate the South '' . The New York Times . Retrieved 11 September 2016 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> ( 1956 ← ) United States presidential election , 1960 ( → 1964 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Democratic Party <Ul> <Li> Convention </Li> <Li> Primaries </Li> </Ul> </Th> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Nominee </Dt> <Dd> John F. Kennedy ( campaign ) </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> VP nominee </Dt> <Dd> Lyndon B. Johnson </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dt> Candidates </Dt> <Dd> Ross Barnett </Dd> <Dd> Pat Brown </Dd> <Dd> Michael DiSalle </Dd> <Dd> Paul C. Fisher </Dd> <Dd> Hubert Humphrey </Dd> <Dd> Lyndon B. Johnson </Dd> <Dd> George H. McLain </Dd> <Dd> Robert B. Meyner </Dd> <Dd> Wayne Morse </Dd> <Dd> Albert S. Porter </Dd> <Dd> Adlai Stevenson </Dd> <Dd> George Smathers </Dd> <Dd>

In the 1960 democratic nomination, there were three candidates, including

3 candidates for the democratic nomination in 1960?

3354692852789245215

ThrustSSC - wikipedia <H1> ThrustSSC </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Thrust SSC </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Overview </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Manufacturer </Th> <Td> SSC Programme Limited </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Designer </Th> <Td> Ron Ayers , Glynne Bowsher , Jeremy Bliss , Richard Noble </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Body and chassis </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Class </Th> <Td> Land Speed Record vehicle </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Powertrain </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Engine </Th> <Td> two Rolls - Royce Spey turbofan : - initially : Rolls - Royce Spey 202 finally : Rolls - Royce Spey 205 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 16.5 m ( 54 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Width </Th> <Td> 3.7 m ( 12 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Curb weight </Th> <Td> 10.6 tonnes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Predecessor </Th> <Td> Thrust2 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Successor </Th> <Td> Bloodhound SSC </Td> </Tr> </Table> The team with ThrustSSC ThrustSSC ThrustSSC on display in the Coventry Transport Museum Rear view of ThrustSSC , with a panel removed to show one of its four aluminium alloy wheels , in the Coventry Transport Museum One of the engines in the Norfolk and Suffolk Aviation Museum <P> ThrustSSC , Thrust SSC or Thrust supersonic car , is a British jet - propelled car developed by Richard Noble , Glynne Bowsher , Ron Ayers and Jeremy Bliss . </P> <P> Thrust SSC holds the world land speed record , set on 15 October 1997 , when it achieved a speed of 1,228 km / h ( 763 mph ) and became the first land vehicle to officially break the sound barrier . </P> <P> Both Thrust SSC and Thrust2 are displayed at the Coventry Transport Museum in Coventry , England . As part of the Museum 's redevelopment project , both cars were relocated by specialist haulier from their position in the Museum 's Spirit of Speed Gallery to the new Biffa Award Land Speed Record Gallery which opened in 2015 . </P> <P> The car is 16.5 metres long and 3.7 metres wide and weighs nearly 10 tons . It had a total thrust of 223 kN ( approximately 50,000 pounds force , equivalent to around 110,000 brake horsepower ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Details </Li> <Li> 2 Legacy </Li> <Li> 3 Richard Noble -- Orange - Intel dispute </Li> <Li> 4 See also </Li> <Li> 5 Notes </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Details ( edit ) </H2> <P> The car was driven by Royal Air Force fighter pilot Wing Commander Andy Green in the Black Rock Desert in the state of Nevada . It was powered by two afterburning Rolls - Royce Spey turbofan engines , as used in the British version of the F - 4 Phantom II jet fighter . The car was 16.5 m ( 54 ft ) long , 3.7 m ( 12 ft ) wide and weighed 10.5 tons ( 10.7 t ) , and the twin engines developed a net thrust of 223 kN ( 50,000 lbf ) , a power output of 110,000 bhp ( 82MW ) , burning around 18 litres / second ( 4.0 Imperial gallons / s or 4.8 US gallons / s ) . Transformed into the usual terms for car mileages based on its maximum speed , the fuel consumption was about 550 l / 100 km ( 0.51 mpg ; 0.43 mpg ) . </P> <P> The record run in October 1997 was preceded by extensive test runs of the vehicle in autumn 1996 and spring 1997 in the Al - Jafr desert ( located in Ma'an Governorate ) in Jordan , a location unknown before for its capabilities as a test range for high speed land vehicles , with numerous advantages compared to the salt deserts of the Western United States . </P> <P> After the record was set , the World Motor Sport Council released the following message : </P> <Dl> <Dd> The World Motor Sport Council homologated the new world land speed records set by the team ThrustSSC of Richard Noble , driver Andy Green , on 15 October 1997 at Black Rock Desert , Nevada ( USA ) . This is the first time in history that a land vehicle has exceeded the speed of sound . The new records are as follows : <Ul> <Li> Flying mile 1227.985 km / h ( 763.035 mph ) </Li> <Li> Flying kilometre 1223.657 km / h ( 760.343 mph ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> <Dd> In setting the record , the sound barrier was broken in both the north and south runs . <Dl> <Dd> <Dl> <Dd> <Dl> <Dd> Paris , 11 November 1997 . </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> <P> The complete run history is available . </P> <H2> Legacy ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1983 Richard Noble had broken the world land speed record with his earlier car Thrust2 , which reached a speed of 1,019 km / h ( 633 mph ) . The date of Andy Green 's record came exactly a half century and one day after Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in Earth 's atmosphere , with the Bell X-1 research rocket plane on 14 October 1947 . </P> <P> Both Thrust SSC and Thrust2 are displayed at the Coventry Transport Museum in Coventry , England . Thrust SSC is housed in a barrel - roofed hall . Visitors can board the pit trailer from which Thrust SSC runs were controlled , and can ride a motion simulator depicting a computer - generated animation of the record - breaking run from the perspective of Green . </P> <P> Several teams are competing to break the record , including Richard Noble 's Bloodhound SSC project and the North American Eagle Project . </P> <H2> Richard Noble -- Orange - Intel dispute ( edit ) </H2> <P> In June 2012 , a television advertisement for the Orange San Diego mobile phone , containing an Intel processor , was broadcast on British television and featured a fast car in computer generated imagery . Richard Noble claimed that the car was a representation of Thrust SSC and thus these companies had used his intellectual property without permission , putting the future of the Bloodhound SSC project in doubt . The Advertising Standards Authority rejected the Bloodhound team 's complaint , claiming that intellectual property disputes were not in its remit . According to BBC News technology correspondent Rory Cellan - Jones , Intel and Orange responded that their production team had researched different styles of `` superfast vehicles '' and developed their own Orange - branded land speed car , and that the advertisement and phone were not connected to Noble or Bloodhound SSC . </P> Collett & Sons Ltd loading Thrust SSC to specialist trailer for transport to the new Biffa Award Land Speed Record Gallery <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Air speed record </Li> <Li> The Blue Flame </Li> <Li> Budweiser Rocket </Li> <Li> Land speed record </Li> <Li> List of vehicle speed records </Li> <Li> RAF High Speed Flight </Li> <Li> Rocket car </Li> <Li> Bloodhound SSC </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ ThrustSSC team </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Thrust SSC takes to the road '' . Retrieved 15 February 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ The ThrustSSC Story </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Thrust SSC Run database </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Coventry Transport Museum -- Spirit of Speed Gallery </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Noble , Green and Team Target 1,000 mph Record . Bloodhound Ssc ( 23 October 2008 ) . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Nash , Jim . `` Rocket Man : Land - Speed Racer Pushes 1,000 MpH Barrier '' . Scientific American . Scientific American . Retrieved 9 March 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ BBC News -- Orange , Intel , and a fast car furore . BBC . ( 27 June 2012 ) . </Li> </Ol> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Richard Noble : Thrust : The Remarkable Story of One Man 's Quest for Speed , Hardcover : Partridge , 1998 , ISBN 1 - 85225 - 268 - 5 ; Paperback : Bantam , 1999 , ISBN 0 - 553 - 81208 - 4 </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikimedia Commons has media related to ThrustSSC . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Official Thrust SSC website ( no longer being updated ) </Li> <Li> Coventry Transport Museum where Thrust SSC is on display </Li> <Li> Photo - Diary by John Coppinger -- including the aerial photo by Richard Meredith - Hardy showing the shock wave as Thrust SSC narrowly exceeds the speed of sound </Li> <Li> Thrust SSC the car and the run </Li> <Li> Thrust SSC Photos Pictures from Blackrock , Nevada -- 15 October 1997 </Li> <Li> Speed Record Club -- The Speed Record Club seeks to promote an informed and educated enthusiast identity , reporting accurately and impartially to the best of its ability on record - breaking engineering , events , attempts and history . </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Achievements </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by Thrust2 634.051 MPH , 1,020.406 Km / h set by Richard Noble , on 4 October 1983 . </Td> <Td> FIA Outright World Land Speed Record holder ( 1 km ) 713.990 MPH , 1,149.055 Km / h set by Andy Green , on 25 September 1997 . </Td> <Td> Succeeded by ThrustSSC 760.343 MPH , 1,223.657 Km / h set by Andy Green , on 15 October 1997 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by Thrust2 633.47 MPH , 1,019.47 Km / h set by Richard Noble , on 4 October 1983 . </Td> <Td> FIA Outright World Land Speed Record holder ( 1 mile ) 714.144 MPH , 1,149.303 Km / h set by Andy Green , on 25 September 1997 . </Td> <Td> Succeeded by ThrustSSC 763.035 MPH , 1,227.985 Km / h set by Andy Green , on 15 October 1997 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by ThrustSSC 713.990 MPH , 1,149.055 Km / h set by Andy Green , on 25 September 1997 . </Td> <Td> FIA Outright World Land Speed Record holder ( 1 km ) 760.343 MPH , 1,223.657 Km / h set by Andy Green , on 15 October 1997 . </Td> <Td> Succeeded by Incumbent </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by ThrustSSC 714.144 MPH , 1,149.303 Km / h set by Andy Green , on 25 September 1997 . </Td> <Td> FIA Outright World Land Speed Record holder ( 1 mile ) 763.035 MPH , 1,227.985 Km / h set by Andy Green , on 15 October 1997 . </Td> <Td> Succeeded by Incumbent </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Thrust project </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cars </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Thrust1 </Li> <Li> Thrust2 </Li> <Li> ThrustSSC </Li> <Li> Bloodhound SSC </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Drivers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Richard Noble </Li> <Li> Andy Green </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Records </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Thrust2 land speed record ( 1983 ) </Li> <Li> ThrustSSC land speed record ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> ThrustSSC first supersonic land speed record ( 1997 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Black Rock Desert </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Geography </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Antelope Range </Li> <Li> Badger Mountains </Li> <Li> Black Rock Range </Li> <Li> Calico Hills </Li> <Li> Division Range </Li> <Li> Empire </Li> <Li> Fox Range </Li> <Li> Gerlach </Li> <Li> Granite Range </Li> <Li> Hannan Range </Li> <Li> High Rock Canyon Hills </Li> <Li> Hog Ranch Mountains </Li> <Li> Jackson Mtns </Li> <Li> Kamma Mtns </Li> <Li> Kings River </Li> <Li> Lake Lahontan </Li> <Li> Little High Rock Mountains

The top speed of the Thrust SSC is

What is the top speed of thrust ssc?

4969426835428196556

, opportunity , or information </Li> <Li> 6.6. 3.3 Competing with the company </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.6. 4 Common law duties of care and skill </Li> <Li> 6.6. 5 Remedies for breach of duty </Li> <Li> 6.6. 6 Current trends </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.7 United States <Ul> <Li> 6.7. 1 Sarbanes -- Oxley Act </Li> <Li> 6.7. 2 Size </Li> <Li> 6.7. 3 Committees </Li> <Li> 6.7. 4 Compensation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.8 Criticism </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 References <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Citations </Li> <Li> 9.2 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Terminology ( edit ) </H2> <P> Other names include board of directors and advisors , board of governors , board of managers , board of regents , board of trustees , or board of visitors . It may also be called `` the executive board '' and is often simply referred to as `` the board '' . </P> <H2> Roles ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Business administration </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Management of a business </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Accounting ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Management accounting </Li> <Li> Financial accounting </Li> <Li> Financial audit </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Business entities ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Cooperative </Li> <Li> Corporation </Li> <Li> Limited liability company </Li> <Li> Partnership </Li> <Li> Sole proprietorship </Li> <Li> State - owned enterprise </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Corporate governance ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Annual general meeting </Li> <Li> Board of directors </Li> <Li> Supervisory board </Li> <Li> Advisory board </Li> <Li> Audit committee </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Corporate law ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Commercial law </Li> <Li> Constitutional documents </Li> <Li> Contract </Li> <Li> Corporate crime </Li> <Li> Corporate liability </Li> <Li> Insolvency law </Li> <Li> International trade law </Li> <Li> Mergers and acquisitions </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Economics ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Commodity </Li> <Li> Public economics </Li> <Li> Labour economics </Li> <Li> Development economics </Li> <Li> International economics </Li> <Li> Mixed economy </Li> <Li> Planned economy </Li> <Li> Econometrics </Li> <Li> Environmental economics </Li> <Li> Open economy </Li> <Li> Market economy </Li> <Li> Knowledge economy </Li> <Li> Microeconomics </Li> <Li> Macroeconomics </Li> <Li> Economic development </Li> <Li> Economic statistics </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Finance ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Financial statement </Li> <Li> Insurance </Li> <Li> Factoring </Li> <Li> Cash conversion cycle </Li> <Li> Insider dealing </Li> <Li> Capital budgeting </Li> <Li> Commercial bank </Li> <Li> Derivative </Li> <Li> Financial statement analysis </Li> <Li> Financial risk </Li> <Li> Public finance </Li> <Li> Corporate finance </Li> <Li> Managerial finance </Li> <Li> International finance </Li> <Li> Liquidation </Li> <Li> Stock market </Li> <Li> Financial market </Li> <Li> Tax </Li> <Li> Financial institution </Li> <Li> Working capital </Li> <Li> Venture capital </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Marketing ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Marketing </Li> <Li> Marketing research </Li> <Li> Public relations </Li> <Li> Sales </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Types of management ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Asset </Li> <Li> Brand </Li> <Li> Business intelligence </Li> <Li> Business development </Li> <Li> Capacity </Li> <Li> Change <Ul> <Li> innovation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Commercial <Ul> <Li> marketing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Communications </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> Conflict </Li> <Li> Content </Li> <Li> Customer relationship </Li> <Li> Distributed </Li> <Li> Earned value </Li> <Li> Electronic business </Li> <Li> Enterprise resource planning <Ul> <Li> management information system </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Financial </Li> <Li> Human resource <Ul> <Li> development </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Incident </Li> <Li> Integrated </Li> <Li> Knowledge </Li> <Li> Materials </Li> <Li> Network <Ul> <Li> administrator </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Office </Li> <Li> Operations <Ul> <Li> services </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Performance </Li> <Li> Power </Li> <Li> Problem </Li> <Li> Process </Li> <Li> Product life - cycle </Li> <Li> Product </Li> <Li> Project </Li> <Li> Quality </Li> <Li> Records </Li> <Li> Resource </Li> <Li> Risk <Ul> <Li> crisis </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Sales </Li> <Li> Security </Li> <Li> Service </Li> <Li> Strategic </Li> <Li> Supply chain </Li> <Li> Systems <Ul> <Li> administrator </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Talent </Li> <Li> Technology </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Organization ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Architecture </Li> <Li> Behavior </Li> <Li> Communication </Li> <Li> Culture </Li> <Li> Conflict </Li> <Li> Development </Li> <Li> Engineering </Li> <Li> Hierarchy </Li> <Li> Patterns </Li> <Li> Space </Li> <Li> Structure </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Trade ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Business analysis </Li> <Li> Business ethics </Li> <Li> Business plan </Li> <Li> Business judgment rule </Li> <Li> Consumer behaviour </Li> <Li> Business operations </Li> <Li> International business </Li> <Li> Business model </Li> <Li> International trade </Li> <Li> Business process </Li> <Li> Business statistics </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Business and economics portal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Typical duties of boards of directors include : </P> <Ul> <Li> governing the organization by establishing broad policies and setting out strategic objectives ; </Li> <Li> selecting , appointing , supporting and reviewing the performance of the chief executive ( of which the titles vary from organization to organization ; the chief executive may be titled chief executive officer , president or executive director ) ; </Li> <Li> terminating the chief executive ; </Li> <Li> ensuring the availability of adequate financial resources ; </Li> <Li> approving annual budgets ; </Li> <Li> accounting to the stakeholders for the organization 's performance ; </Li> <Li> setting the salaries , compensation and benefits of senior management ; </Li> </Ul> <P> The legal responsibilities of boards and board members vary with the nature of the organization , and between jurisdictions . For companies with publicly trading stock , these responsibilities are typically much more rigorous and complex than for those of other types . </P> <P> Typically , the board chooses one of its members to be the chairman ( more usually now called the `` chair '' or `` chairperson '' ) , who holds whatever title is specified in the bylaws or articles of association . However , in membership organizations , the members elect the president of the organization and the president becomes the chair of the board , unless the bylaws say otherwise . </P> <H2> Directors ( edit ) </H2> <P> The directors of an organization are the persons who are members of its board . Several specific terms categorize directors by the presence or absence of their other relationships to the organization . </P> <H3> Inside director ( edit ) </H3> <P> An inside director is a director who is also an employee , officer , chief executive , major shareholder , or someone similarly connected to the organization . Inside directors represent the interests of the entity 's stakeholders , and often have special knowledge of its inner workings , its financial or market position , and so on . </P> <P> Typical inside directors are : </P> <Ul> <Li> A chief executive officer ( CEO ) who may also be chairman of the board </Li> <Li> Other executives of the organization , such as its chief financial officer ( CFO ) or executive vice president </Li> <Li> Large shareholders ( who may or may not also be employees or officers ) </Li> <Li> Representatives of other stakeholders such as labor unions , major lenders , or members of the community in which the organization is located </Li> </Ul> <P> An inside director who is employed as a manager or executive of the organization is sometimes referred to as an executive director ( not to be confused with the title executive director sometimes used for the CEO position in some organizations ) . Executive directors often have a specified area of responsibility in the organization , such as finance , marketing , human resources , or production . </P> <H3> Outside director ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Independent director <P> An outside director is a member of the board who is not otherwise employed by or engaged with the organization , and does not represent any of its stakeholders . A typical example is a director who is president of a firm in a different industry . Outside directors are not employees of the company or affiliated with it in any other way . </P> <P> Outside directors bring outside experience and perspectives to the board . For example , for a company that only serves a domestic market , the presence of CEOs from global multinational corporations as outside directors can help to provide insights on export and import opportunities and international trade options . One of the arguments for having outside directors is that they can keep a watchful eye on the inside directors and on the way the organization is run . Outside directors are unlikely to tolerate `` insider dealing '' between insider directors , as outside directors do not benefit from the company or organization . Outside directors are often useful in handling disputes between inside directors , or between shareholders and the board . They are thought to be advantageous because they can be objective and present little risk of conflict of interest . On the other hand , they might lack familiarity with the specific issues connected to the organization 's governance and they might not know about the industry or sector in which the organization is operating . </P> <H3> Terminology ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Director -- a person appointed to serve on the board of an organization , such as an institution or business . </Li> <Li> Inside director -- a director who , in addition to serving on the board , has a meaningful connection to the organization </Li> <Li> Outside director -- a director who , other than serving on the board , has no meaningful connections to the organization </Li> <Li> Executive director -- an inside director who is also an executive with the organization . The term is also used , in a completely different sense , to refer to a CEO </Li> <Li> Non-executive director -- an inside director who is not an executive with the organization </Li> <Li> Shadow or de facto director -- an individual who is not a named director but who nevertheless directs or controls the organization </Li> <Li> Nominee director -- an individual who is appointed by a shareholder , creditor or interest group ( whether contractually or by resolution at a company meeting ) and who has a continuing loyalty to the appointor / s or other interest in the appointing company </Li> </Ul> <P> Individual directors often serve on more than one board . This practice results in an interlocking directorate , where a relatively small number of individuals have significant influence over a large number of important entities . This situation can have important corporate , social , economic , and legal consequences , and has been the subject of significant research . </P> <H2> Process and structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> The process for running a board , sometimes called the board process , includes the selection of board members , the setting of clear board objectives , the dissemination of documents or board package to the board members , the collaborative creation of an agenda for the meeting , the creation and follow - up of assigned action items , and the assessment of the board process through standardized assessments of board members , owners , and CEOs . The science of this process has been slow to develop due to the secretive nature of the way most companies run their boards , however some standardization is beginning to develop . Some who are pushing for this standardization in the USA are the National Association of Corporate Directors , McKinsey Consulting and The Board Group . </P> <H3> Board meetings ( edit ) </H3> <P> A board of directors conducts its meetings according to the rules and procedures contained in its governing documents . These procedures may allow the board to conduct its business by conference call or other electronic means . They may

The titles of a board of directors are

What are the titles of a board of directors?

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route between the oceans was still seen as the ideal solution , and in 1855 William Kennish , a Manx - born engineer working for the United States government , surveyed the isthmus and issued a report on a route for a proposed Panama Canal . His report was published as a book entitled The Practicability and Importance of a Ship Canal to Connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans . </P> <P> In 1877 Armand Reclus , an officer with the French Navy , and Lucien Napoléon Bonaparte Wyse , both engineers , surveyed the route and published a French proposal for a canal . French success in building the Suez Canal , while a lengthy project , encouraged planning for one to cross the isthmus . </P> <H3> French construction attempts , 1881 -- 1894 ( edit ) </H3> Ferdinand de Lesseps Excavator at work , in Bas Obispo , 1886 <P> The first attempt to construct a canal through what was then Colombia 's province of Panama began on January 1 , 1881 . The project was inspired by the diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps , who was able to raise considerable finance in France as a result of the huge profits generated by his successful construction of the Suez Canal . Although the Panama Canal would eventually have to be only 40 % as long as the Suez Canal , the former would prove to be far more of an engineering challenge , due to the tropical rain forests , the climate , the need for canal locks , and the lack of any ancient route to follow . </P> <P> De Lesseps wanted a sea - level canal as at Suez but only visited the site a few times , during the dry season which lasts only four months of the year . His men were totally unprepared for the rainy season , during which the Chagres River , where the canal started , became a raging torrent , rising up to 10 meters ( 35 feet ) . The dense jungle was alive with venomous snakes , insects and spiders , but the worst aspect was the yellow fever and malaria ( and other tropical diseases ) which killed thousands of workers : by 1884 the death rate was over 200 per month . Public health measures were ineffective because the role of the mosquito as a disease vector was then unknown . Conditions were downplayed in France to avoid recruitment problems , but the high mortality rate made it difficult to maintain an experienced workforce . </P> <P> Workers had to continually widen the main cut through the mountain at Culebra and reduce the angles of the slopes to minimize landslides into the canal . Steam shovels were used in the construction of the canal , and they were purchased from Bay City Industrial Works , a business owned by William L. Clements in Bay City , Michigan . Other mechanical and electrical equipment was limited in its capabilities , and steel equipment rusted rapidly in the climate . </P> <P> In France , de Lesseps kept the investment and supply of workers flowing long after it was obvious that the targets were not being met , but eventually the money ran out . The French effort went bankrupt in 1889 after reportedly spending US $287,000,000 and losing an estimated 22,000 lives to disease and accidents , wiping out the savings of 800,000 investors . Work was suspended on May 15 , and in the ensuing scandal , known as the Panama affair , various of those deemed responsible were prosecuted , including Gustave Eiffel . De Lesseps and his son Charles were found guilty of misappropriation of funds and sentenced to five years ' imprisonment , though this was later overturned , and the father , at 88 , was never imprisoned . </P> <P> In 1894 , a second French company , the Compagnie Nouvelle du Canal de Panama , was created to take over the project . A minimal workforce of a few thousand people was employed primarily to comply with the terms of the Colombian Panama Canal concession , to run the Panama Railroad , and to maintain the existing excavation and equipment in salable condition . The company sought a buyer for these assets , with an asking price of US $109,000,000 . In the meantime they continued with enough activity to maintain their franchise . Phillipe Bunau - Varilla , the French manager of the New Panama Canal Company , eventually managed to persuade de Lesseps that a lock - and - lake canal was more realistic than a sea - level canal . </P> <H3> United States acquisition ( edit ) </H3> The U.S. 's intentions to influence the area ( especially the Panama Canal construction and control ) led to the separation of Panama from Colombia in 1903 The Culebra Cut , or Gaillard Cut , in 1896 The Culebra Cut in 1902 <P> At this time , the President and the Senate of the United States were interested in establishing a canal across the isthmus , with some favoring a canal across Nicaragua and others advocating the purchase of the French interests in Panama . Bunau - Varilla , who was seeking American involvement , asked for $100 million , but accepted $40 million in the face of the Nicaraguan option . In June 1902 , the U.S. Senate voted in favor of pursuing the Panamanian option , provided the necessary rights could be obtained , in the Spooner Act . </P> <P> On January 22 , 1903 , the Hay -- Herrán Treaty was signed by United States Secretary of State John M. Hay and Colombian Chargé Dr. Tomás Herrán . For $10 million and an annual payment it would have granted the United States a renewable lease in perpetuity from Colombia on the land proposed for the canal . The treaty was ratified by the U.S. Senate on March 14 , 1903 , but the Senate of Colombia did not ratify it . Bunau - Varilla told President Theodore Roosevelt and Hay of a possible revolt by Panamanian rebels who aimed to separate from Colombia , and hoped that the United States would support the rebels with U.S. troops and money . Roosevelt changed tactics , based in part on the Mallarino -- Bidlack Treaty of 1846 , and actively supported the separation of Panama from Colombia and , shortly after recognizing Panama , signed a treaty with the new Panamanian government under similar terms to the Hay -- Herrán Treaty . </P> <P> On November 2 , 1903 , U.S. warships blocked sea lanes for possible Colombian troop movements en route to put down the rebellion . Panama declared independence on November 3 , 1903 . The United States quickly recognized the new nation . On November 6 , 1903 , Philippe Bunau - Varilla , as Panama 's ambassador to the United States , signed the Hay -- Bunau - Varilla Treaty , granting rights to the United States to build and indefinitely administer the Panama Canal Zone and its defenses . This is sometimes misinterpreted as the `` 99 - year lease '' because of misleading wording included in article 22 of the agreement . Almost immediately , the treaty was condemned by many Panamanians as an infringement on their country 's new national sovereignty . This would later become a contentious diplomatic issue among Colombia , Panama , and the United States . </P> <P> President Roosevelt famously stated that `` I took the Isthmus , started the canal and then left Congress not to debate the canal , but to debate me . '' Several parties in the United States called this an act of war on Colombia : The New York Times called the support given by the United States to Bunau - Varilla an `` act of sordid conquest . '' The New York Evening Post called it a `` vulgar and mercenary venture . '' It is often cited as the classic example of U.S. gunboat diplomacy in Latin America , and the best illustration of what Roosevelt meant by the old African adage , `` Speak softly and carry a big stick ( and ) you will go far . '' After the revolution in 1903 , the Republic of Panama became a U.S. protectorate until 1939 . </P> <P> Thus in 1904 , the United States purchased the French equipment and excavations , including the Panama Railroad , for US $40 million , of which $30 million related to excavations completed , primarily in the Gaillard Cut ( then called the Culebra Cut ) , valued at about $1.00 per cubic yard . The United States also paid the new country of Panama $10 million and a $250,000 payment each following year . </P> <P> In 1921 , Colombia and the United States entered into the Thomson - Urrutia Treaty , in which the United States agreed to pay Colombia $25 million : $5 million upon ratification , and four - $5 million annual payments , and grant Colombia special privileges in the Canal Zone . In return , Colombia recognized Panama as an independent nation . </P> <H3> United States construction of the Panama Canal , 1904 -- 1914 ( edit ) </H3> Construction of locks on the Panama Canal , 1913 <P> The U.S. formally took control of the canal property on May 4 , 1904 , inheriting from the French a depleted workforce and a vast jumble of buildings , infrastructure and equipment , much of it in poor condition . A U.S. government commission , the Isthmian Canal Commission ( ICC ) , was established to oversee construction and was given control of the Panama Canal Zone , over which the United States exercised sovereignty . The commission reported directly to Secretary of War William Howard Taft and was directed to avoid the inefficiency and corruption that had plagued the French 15 years earlier . </P> John Frank Stevens <P> On May 6 , 1904 , President Theodore Roosevelt appointed John Findley Wallace , formerly chief engineer and finally general manager of the Illinois Central Railroad , as chief engineer of the Panama Canal Project . Overwhelmed by the disease - plagued country and forced to use often dilapidated French infrastructure and equipment , as well as being frustrated by the overly bureaucratic ICC , Wallace resigned abruptly in June 1905 . He was succeeded by John Frank Stevens , a self - educated engineer who had built the Great Northern Railroad . Stevens was not a member of the ICC ; he increasingly viewed its bureaucracy as a serious hindrance , bypassing the commission and sending requests and demands directly to the Roosevelt Administration in Washington . </P> <P> One of Stevens ' first achievements in Panama was in building and rebuilding the housing , cafeterias , hotels , water systems , repair shops , warehouses , and other infrastructure needed by the thousands of incoming workers . Stevens began the recruitment effort to entice thousands of workers from the United States and other areas to come to the Canal Zone to work , and tried to provide accommodation in which the incoming workers could work and live in reasonable safety and comfort . He also re-established and enlarged the railway that was to prove crucial in transporting millions of tons of soil from the cut through the mountains to the dam across the Chagres River . </P> William C. Gorgas <P> Colonel William C. Gorgas had been appointed chief sanitation officer of the canal construction project in 1904 . Gorgas implemented a range of measures to minimize the spread of deadly diseases , particularly yellow fever and malaria which had recently been shown to be mosquito - borne following the work of Dr. Carlos Finlay and Dr. Walter Reed . There was investment in extensive sanitation projects , including city water systems , fumigation of buildings , spraying of insect - breeding areas with oil and larvicide , installation of mosquito netting and window screens , and elimination of stagnant water . Despite opposition from the

The Panama Canal was built during the presidency of

Who was president when the panama canal was built?

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Super Bowl LII halftime show - Wikipedia <H1> Super Bowl LII halftime show </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> Super Bowl LII halftime show <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> February 4 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Minneapolis , Minnesota , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Venue </Th> <Td> U.S. Bank Stadium </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headliner </Th> <Td> Justin Timberlake </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Special guests </Th> <Td> The Tennessee Kids , University of Minnesota Marching Band </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sponsor </Th> <Td> Pepsi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Director </Th> <Td> Hamish Hamilton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> Ricky Kirshner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Super Bowl halftime show chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> LI ( 2017 ) </Td> <Td> LII ( 2018 ) </Td> <Td> LIII ( 2019 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Super Bowl LII Halftime Show ( officially known as the Pepsi Super Bowl LII Halftime Show ) took place on February 4 , 2018 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis , Minnesota , as part of Super Bowl LII . Justin Timberlake was the featured performer , as confirmed by the National Football League ( NFL ) on October 22 , 2017 . It was televised nationally by NBC . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Development </Li> <Li> 4 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5 Commercial reception </Li> <Li> 6 Setlist </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Synopsis ( edit ) </H2> Timberlake with dancers during the halftime performance Timberlake during halftime show Timberlake performing `` Suit & Tie '' with the University of Minnesota Marching Band <P> The show began with Jimmy Fallon introducing Justin Timberlake , followed by a video screen depicting Timberlake performing `` Filthy '' in a club setting below the field level of the stadium . He then walked up a staircase and appeared on a ramp stage extending outward into the field , descending into a series of stages surrounded by a crowd . Timberlake proceeded to move through the crowd performing `` Rock Your Body '' with a troupe of female backup dancers , abruptly stopping short of the end of the song and shifting to `` Señorita '' on a small stage with his backing dancers . Upon reaching the main stage , he performed a number of songs , including `` SexyBack '' , `` My Love '' , and `` Cry Me a River '' , which featured a dance break mid-field . Upon reaching the next stage , Timberlake performed his hit song `` Suit & Tie '' as the University of Minnesota Marching Band , wearing black tuxedos , played backup instrumentals and marched out to meet him . </P> The Stadium and the city of Minneapolis were shown to be lit purple during Timberlake 's tribute to Prince Dancers fill the field during Timberlake 's performance of `` Ca n't Stop the Feeling ! '' <P> Timberlake proceeded to walk up to a white grand piano while performing `` Until the End of Time '' , then segued into `` I Would Die 4 U '' as a tribute to Minneapolis - native Prince . A video of Prince performing the song played in the background , projected onto on a large multi-story sheet . An aerial shot showed downtown Minneapolis covered in purple lighting that morphed into Prince 's trademark Love Symbol , with the stadium at the center . He then returned to the main stage to perform `` Mirrors '' , as hundreds of dancers and members of the marching band performed choreography with large mirrors , creating bright reflections in the broadcast and across the roof of the stadium . Timberlake closed the show with `` Ca n't Stop the Feeling ! '' , entering the stands at the conclusion of the song . </P> <P> For the first time since the Super Bowl XLVI halftime show in Indianapolis in 2012 , no pyrotechnics were used throughout the performance . The show relied mostly on lasers and video screens for visual effects . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> Field being set up for Timberlake 's performance <P> In July 2017 , multiple media outlets reported that Britney Spears was in talks to perform at Halftime , but Pepsi quickly denied it a few days later . During August and September 2017 , several publications informed that Timberlake was the frontrunner to performer at the Super Bowl LII halftime , first along with his frequent - collaborator Jay - Z as co-headliner , and then as the solo performer . A spokesperson from the NFL stated at the time , `` along with Pepsi , we know that we will put on a spectacular show . When it is time to announce her name we will do it . Or his name . Or their names . '' The NFL confirmed the announcement on October 22 with a video starring Timberlake and Jimmy Fallon . </P> <P> This was Timberlake 's third appearance in a Super Bowl halftime show . As a member of NSYNC , Timberlake appeared in the Super Bowl XXXV ( 2001 ) halftime show , and as a guest artist in the Super Bowl XXXVIII ( 2004 ) , which performance featured a controversial incident where Timberlake accidentally exposed one of Janet Jackson 's breasts on national television , described as a wardrobe malfunction . The Parents Television Council penned an open letter to Timberlake asking to keep the performance `` family - friendly . '' While the organization acknowledged that Timberlake apologized for the 2004 incident , they asked him to stay true to his word , saying `` we are heartened by your response that the events of 2004 are not going to happen in 2018 , '' as the singer stated in a prior interview that `` we are not going to do that again . '' </P> <P> In an interview with Billboard , Pepsi executives expressed : </P> <P> We are all big fans of Justin Timberlake . We 've kind of felt that Justin deserves , and has for a number of years , to be the main artist for the halftime show because previously he was n't the main artist . It was just about the timing . To be honest , we have discussed Justin for the last number of years for coming and doing halftime , and this year just felt really right to us . He is hands down one of the greatest entertainers currently alive , it was a no - brainer . We know he 's gon na bring it . </P> <P> The Halftime Show included a remembrance for Indianapolis Colts linebacker Edwin Jackson , who died just hours before Super Bowl LII after being struck by a vehicle . </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> The U.S. Bank Stadium , where Super Bowl and the halftime show was held . <P> During the performance , Timberlake wore an outfit designed by Stella McCartney , which consists of `` alter nappa fringed jacket with a shirt , featuring a landscape artwork by British artist Martin Ridley , '' according to a press release . Also part of the look is a Prince of Wales - check and camouflage splatter - print suit and matching jacket . As usual for McCartney , these pieces were made from animal - free leather and organic cotton . </P> <P> Timberlake stated in a press conference that there would be no guest musicians in the halftime show and that the event would focus solely on himself and his backing band , the Tennessee Kids . Regarding the Prince tribute , the performance 's creative visual lead , Fireplay 's Nick Whitehouse , told Rolling Stone : </P> <P> Paying tribute to Prince was something JT highlighted as an important moment for this show , and we spent quite a bit of time ensuring this moment would be true to his legacy . Ultimately , Justin decided that the only person who could do Prince justice is Prince . The band held 50 - hours worth of rehearsals in preparation for the show . </P> <P> Prince had previously stated he did not want to be included in new music after death in a 1998 interview , citing The Beatles ' `` Free as a Bird '' as an example of a practice he considered to be `` demonic . '' His family granted permission to use Prince 's likeness on the condition that it not be used in a hologram , and they approved of the final result . Sheila E , a former bandmate of Prince 's who was involved in negotiations over the use of his likeness , stated that `` a bigger company '' ( she declined to specify whether it was Pepsi or the NFL ) had insisted on including the Prince apparition and that the notion was not originally Timberlake 's idea . </P> <P> Despite the lack of an individual guest artist , the more than 300 - member University of Minnesota Marching Band was featured in the show . The band 's drumline , brass , and saxophone sections pre-recorded and performed with Timberlake during his performance of `` Suit & Tie . '' The upper woodwind and auxiliary sections led drill formations and held large mirrors during Timberlake 's performance of his song `` Mirrors '' , and acted as fans and dancers throughout other portions of the show , including the club scene at the show 's opening . All members of the band were featured on the field in the show 's finale , `` Ca n't Stop the Feeling ! '' . The band had previously performed in the halftime show of Super Bowl XXVI . </P> <H2> Critical response ( edit ) </H2> <P> Timberlake 's performance received mixed reviews . In a positive review , Bruce R. Miller of Sioux City Journal wrote `` Timberlake is a masterful live performer -- which made Sunday 's Super Bowl performance about the only sure bet , '' he continued commenting the performer `` did a lot of infectious dancing and managed to play with the crowd like no other . '' Although it did not have a moment that `` stuck , '' he considered the Prince tribute the best moment of the show . In a similarly positive review , Taylor Weatherby of Billboard said `` there is no denying that Timberlake absolutely rocked his first headlining ( halftime ) '' , further adding `` Timberlake 's halftime show was undeniably mesmerizing . From starting in the concourse to making his way into the crowd ( and making # SelfieKid an instant superstar ) for the ending . '' She also considered it `` is made for a TV experience '' rather than for the public in the stadium , mainly for the sound quality difficulties , but also criticized him for including Rock Your Body in the set list . From the same magazine , Nina Braca wrote `` his moves were on point , '' and Andrew Ubterberger said two things were `` relatively certain '' about the performance . `` most of America would love it , and most of the Internet would hate it , '' and added Timberlake was `` in a situation that was both a ca n't - lose and a ca n't - win . It would 've been virtually impossible for him to please the critics he 'd alienated over the last couple years . '' Also from Billboard , Andrew Unterberge wrote , `` Timberlake 's audio was somewhat lacking throughout ... but the choreography , live - band energy and song selection were all pretty impeccable '' . </P> <P> Chris Willman of Variety stated that , `` Timberlake turned in a more enjoyably physical performance than just about anybody else who 's

The featured performer at Super Bowl 2018's half-time show was

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of rights in the Constitution Act was a much - debated issue . Trudeau spoke on television in October 1980 , and announced his intention to constitutionalize a bill of rights that would include fundamental freedoms , democratic guarantees , freedom of movement , legal rights , equality and language rights . He did not want a notwithstanding clause . While his proposal gained popular support , provincial leaders opposed the potential limits on their powers . The federal Progressive Conservative opposition feared liberal bias among judges , should courts be called upon to enforce rights . Additionally , the British Parliament cited their right to uphold Canada 's old form of government . At a suggestion of the Conservatives , Trudeau 's government thus agreed to a committee of Senators and MPs to further examine the bill of rights as well as the patriation plan . During this time , 90 hours were spent on the bill of rights alone , all filmed for television , while civil rights experts and advocacy groups put forward their perceptions on the Charter 's flaws and omissions and how to remedy them . As Canada had a parliamentary system of government , and as judges were perceived not to have enforced rights well in the past , it was questioned whether the courts should be named as the enforcers of the Charter , as Trudeau wanted . Conservatives argued that elected politicians should be trusted instead . It was eventually decided that the responsibility should go to the courts . At the urging of civil libertarians , judges could even now exclude evidence in trials if acquired in breach of Charter rights in certain circumstances , something the Charter was not originally going to provide for . As the process continued , more features were added to the Charter , including equality rights for people with disabilities , more sex equality guarantees and recognition of Canada 's multiculturalism . The limitations clause was also reworded to focus less on the importance of parliamentary government and more on justifiability of limits in free societies ; the latter logic was more in line with rights developments around the world after World War II . </P> Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau was a major advocate of the Charter . <P> In its decision in the Patriation Reference ( 1981 ) , the Supreme Court of Canada had ruled there was a tradition that some provincial approval should be sought for constitutional reform . As the provinces still had doubts about the Charter 's merits , Trudeau was forced to accept the notwithstanding clause to allow governments to opt out of certain obligations . The notwithstanding clause was accepted as part of a deal called the Kitchen Accord , negotiated by the federal Attorney General Jean Chrétien , Ontario 's justice minister Roy McMurtry and Saskatchewan 's justice minister Roy Romanow . Pressure from provincial governments ( which in Canada have jurisdiction over property ) and from the country 's left wing , especially the New Democratic Party , also prevented Trudeau from including any rights protecting private property . </P> <P> Nevertheless , Quebec did not support the Charter ( or the Canada Act 1982 ) , with `` conflicting interpretations '' as to why . The opposition could have owed to the Parti Québécois leadership being allegedly uncooperative , because it was more committed to gaining sovereignty for Quebec . It could have owed to Quebec leaders being excluded from the negotiation of the Kitchen Accord , which they saw as being too centralist . It could have owed to provincial leaders ' objections to the Accord 's provisions relating to the process of future constitutional amendment . They also opposed the inclusion of mobility rights and minority language education rights . The Charter is still applicable in Quebec because all provinces are bound by the Constitution . However , Quebec 's opposition to the 1982 patriation package has led to two failed attempts to amend the Constitution ( the Meech Lake Accord and Charlottetown Accord ) which were designed primarily to obtain Quebec 's political approval of the Canadian constitutional order . </P> <P> While the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was adopted in 1982 , it was not until 1985 that the main provisions regarding equality rights ( section 15 ) came into effect . The delay was meant to give the federal and provincial governments an opportunity to review pre-existing statutes and strike potentially unconstitutional inequalities . </P> <P> The typography of the physical document pictured here , and still distributed today , was typeset by Ottawa 's David Berman intentionally in Carl Dair 's Cartier typeface : at the time the most prominent Canadian typeface , having been commissioned by the Governor - General as a celebration of Canada 's centenary in 1967 . </P> <P> The Charter has been amended since its enactment . Section 25 was amended in 1983 to explicitly recognize more rights regarding Aboriginal land claims , and section 16.1 was added in 1993 . There have also been a number of unsuccessful attempts to amend the Charter , including the failed Charlottetown Accord of 1992 . The Charlottetown Accord would have specifically required the Charter to be interpreted in a manner respectful of Quebec 's distinct society , and would have added further statements to the Constitution Act , 1867 regarding racial and sexual equality and collective rights , and about minority language communities . Though the Accord was negotiated among many interest groups , the resulting provisions were so vague that Trudeau , then out of office , feared they would actually conflict with and undermine the Charter 's individual rights . He felt judicial review of the rights might be undermined if courts had to favour the policies of provincial governments , as governments would be given responsibility over linguistic minorities . Trudeau thus played a prominent role in leading the popular opposition to the Accord . </P> <H2> Interpretation and enforcement ( edit ) </H2> <P> The task of interpreting and enforcing the Charter falls to the courts , with the Supreme Court of Canada being the ultimate authority on the matter . </P> <P> With the Charter 's supremacy confirmed by section 52 of the Constitution Act , 1982 , the courts continued their practice of striking down unconstitutional statutes or parts of statutes as they had with earlier case law regarding federalism . However , under section 24 of the Charter , courts also gained new powers to enforce creative remedies and exclude more evidence in trials . Courts have since made many important decisions , including R. v. Morgentaler ( 1988 ) , which struck down Canada 's abortion law , and Vriend v. Alberta ( 1998 ) , in which the Supreme Court found the province 's exclusion of homosexuals from protection against discrimination violated section 15 . In the latter case , the Court then read the protection into the law . </P> <P> Courts may receive Charter questions in a number of ways . Rights claimants could be prosecuted under a criminal law that they argue is unconstitutional . Others may feel government services and policies are not being dispensed in accordance with the Charter , and apply to lower - level courts for injunctions against the government ( as was the case in Doucet - Boudreau v. Nova Scotia ( Minister of Education ) ) . A government may also raise questions of rights by submitting reference questions to higher - level courts ; for example , Prime Minister Paul Martin 's government approached the Supreme Court with Charter questions as well as federalism concerns in the case Re Same - Sex Marriage ( 2004 ) . Provinces may also do this with their superior courts . The government of Prince Edward Island initiated the Provincial Judges Reference by asking its provincial Supreme Court a question on judicial independence under section 11 . </P> The building of the Supreme Court of Canada , the chief authority on the interpretation of the Charter <P> In several important cases , judges developed various tests and precedents for interpreting specific provisions of the Charter . These include the Oakes test for section 1 , set out in the case R. v. Oakes ( 1986 ) , and the ( now defunct ) Law test for section 15 , developed in Law v. Canada ( 1999 ) . Since Re B.C. Motor Vehicle Act ( 1985 ) , various approaches to defining and expanding the scope of fundamental justice ( the Canadian name for natural justice or due process ) under section 7 have been adopted . ( For more information , see the articles on each Charter section ) . </P> <P> In general , courts have embraced a purposive interpretation of Charter rights . This means that since early cases like Hunter v. Southam ( 1984 ) and R. v. Big M Drug Mart ( 1985 ) , they have concentrated not on the traditional , limited understanding of what each right meant when the Charter was adopted in 1982 , but rather on changing the scope of rights as appropriate to fit their broader purpose . This is tied to the generous interpretation of rights , as the purpose of the Charter provisions is assumed to be to increase rights and freedoms of people in a variety of circumstances , at the expense of the government powers . Constitutional scholar Peter Hogg has approved of the generous approach in some cases , although for others he argues the purpose of the provisions was not to achieve a set of rights as broad as courts have imagined . Indeed , this approach has not been without its critics . Alberta politician Ted Morton and political scientist Rainer Knopff have been very critical of this phenomenon . Although they feel the basis for the approach , the living tree doctrine ( the classical name for generous interpretations of the Canadian Constitution ) , is sound , they argue Charter case law has been more radical . When the living tree doctrine is applied right , the authors claim , `` The elm remained an elm ; it grew new branches but did not transform itself into an oak or a willow . '' The doctrine can be used , for example , so a right is upheld even when a government threatens to violate it with new technology , as long as the essential right remains the same ; but the authors claim that the courts have used the doctrine to `` create new rights . '' As an example , the authors note that the Charter right against self - incrimination has been extended to cover scenarios in the justice system that had previously been unregulated by self - incrimination rights in other Canadian laws . </P> <P> Another general approach to interpreting Charter rights is to consider international legal precedents with countries that have specific rights protections , such as the United States Bill of Rights ( an influence on aspects of the Charter ) and the Constitution of South Africa . However , international precedent is only of guiding value , and is not binding . For example , the Supreme Court has referred to the Charter and the American Bill of Rights as being `` born to different countries in different ages and in different circumstances . '' </P> <P> Public interest groups frequently intervene in cases to make arguments on how to interpret the Charter . Some examples are the British Columbia Civil Liberties Association , Canadian Civil Liberties Association , the Canadian Mental Health Association , the Canadian Labour Congress , the Women 's Legal Education and Action Fund ( LEAF ) , and REAL Women of Canada . The purpose of such interventions is to assist the court and to attempt to influence the court to render a decision favourable to the legal interests of the group . </P> <P> A further approach to the Charter , taken by the courts , is the dialogue principle , which involves greater participation by elected governments . This approach involves governments

The Charter of Rights and Freedoms is enforced by

Who enforces the charter of rights and freedoms?

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Heath Ledger - Wikipedia <H1> Heath Ledger </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Heath Ledger </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Ledger at the 56th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2006 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Heath Andrew Ledger ( 1979 - 04 - 04 ) 4 April 1979 Perth , Western Australia , Australia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> 22 January 2008 ( 2008 - 01 - 22 ) ( aged 28 ) New York City , New York , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cause of death </Th> <Td> Cardiac arrest brought on by prescription drug intoxication </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Resting place </Th> <Td> Karrakatta Cemetery </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Actor , music video director </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1993 -- 2008 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Partner ( s ) </Th> <Td> Michelle Williams ( 2004 -- 2007 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Heath Andrew Ledger ( 4 April 1979 -- 22 January 2008 ) was an Australian actor and director . After performing roles in several Australian television and film productions during the 1990s , Ledger left for the United States in 1998 to further develop his film career . His work comprised nineteen films , including 10 Things I Hate About You ( 1999 ) , The Patriot ( 2000 ) , A Knight 's Tale ( 2001 ) , Monster 's Ball ( 2001 ) , Lords of Dogtown ( 2005 ) , Brokeback Mountain ( 2005 ) , The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) , and The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus ( 2009 ) , the latter two being posthumous releases . He also produced and directed music videos and aspired to be a film director . </P> <P> For his portrayal of Ennis Del Mar in Brokeback Mountain , Ledger won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor and Best International Actor from the Australian Film Institute , and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role and for the Academy Award for Best Actor . Posthumously he shared the 2007 Independent Spirit Robert Altman Award with the rest of the ensemble cast , the director , and the casting director for the film I 'm Not There , which was inspired by the life and songs of American singer - songwriter Bob Dylan . In the film , Ledger portrayed a fictional actor named Robbie Clark , one of six characters embodying aspects of Dylan 's life and persona . </P> <P> Ledger died on 22 January 2008 from an accidental intoxication from prescription drugs . A few months before his death , Ledger had finished filming his performance as The Joker in The Dark Knight . His death occurred during editing of The Dark Knight and in the midst of filming his last role as Tony in The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus . His untimely death cast a shadow over the subsequent promotion of the $185 million Batman production . Ledger received numerous posthumous accolades for his critically acclaimed performance in the film , including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , a Best Actor International Award at the 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards ( for which he became the first actor to win an award posthumously ) , the 2008 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor , the 2009 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture , and the 2009 BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life </Li> <Li> 2 Career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 1990s </Li> <Li> 2.2 2000s </Li> <Li> 2.3 Directorial work </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Personal life <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Relationships </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Press controversies </Li> <Li> 5 Health issues </Li> <Li> 6 Death <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Autopsy and toxicology report </Li> <Li> 6.2 Federal investigation </Li> <Li> 6.3 Effect on fans </Li> <Li> 6.4 Controversy over will </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Legacy <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Memorial tributes and services </Li> <Li> 7.2 Method and style </Li> <Li> 7.3 Posthumous films and awards </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Filmography <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Film </Li> <Li> 8.2 Television </Li> <Li> 8.3 Music video </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Accolades </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 Notes </Li> <Li> 12 References </Li> <Li> 13 Further reading </Li> <Li> 14 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Ledger was born in Perth , Western Australia , the son of Sally Ledger ( née Ramshaw ) , a French teacher , and Kim Ledger , a racecar driver and mining engineer whose family established and owned the Ledger Engineering Foundry . The Sir Frank Ledger Charitable Trust is named after his great - grandfather . He had English , Irish , and Scottish ancestry . Ledger attended Mary 's Mount Primary School in Gooseberry Hill , and later Guildford Grammar School , where he had his first acting experiences , starring in a school production as Peter Pan at age 10 . His parents separated when he was 10 and divorced when he was 11 . Ledger 's older sister Kate , an actress and later a publicist , to whom he was very close , inspired his acting on stage , and his love of Gene Kelly inspired his successful choreography , leading to Guildford Grammar 's 60 - member team 's `` first all - boy victory '' at the Rock Eisteddfod Challenge . Ledger 's two half - sisters are Ashleigh Bell ( b . 1990 ) , his mother 's daughter with her second husband and his stepfather Roger Bell , and Olivia Ledger ( b . 1996 ) , his father 's daughter with second wife and his stepmother Emma Brown . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <H3> 1990s ( edit ) </H3> <P> After sitting for early graduation exams at age 17 , Ledger left school to pursue an acting career . With Trevor DiCarlo , his best friend since he was three years old , Ledger drove across Australia from Perth to Sydney , returning to Perth to take a small role in Clowning Around ( 1992 ) , the first part of a two - part television series , and to work on the TV series Sweat ( 1996 ) , in which he played a gay cyclist . From 1993 to 1997 , Ledger also had parts in the Perth television series Ship to Shore ( 1993 ) ; in the short - lived Fox Broadcasting Company fantasy - drama Roar ( 1997 ) ; in Home and Away ( 1997 ) , one of Australia 's most successful television shows ; and in the Australian film Blackrock ( 1997 ) , his feature film debut . In 1999 , he starred in the teen comedy 10 Things I Hate About You and in the acclaimed Australian crime film Two Hands , directed by Gregor Jordan . </P> <H3> 2000s ( edit ) </H3> <P> From 2000 to 2005 , he starred in supporting roles as Gabriel Martin , the eldest son of Benjamin Martin ( Mel Gibson ) , in The Patriot ( 2000 ) , and as Sonny Grotowski , the son of Hank Grotowski ( Billy Bob Thornton ) , in Monster 's Ball ( 2001 ) ; and in leading or title roles in A Knight 's Tale ( 2001 ) , The Four Feathers ( 2002 ) , The Order ( 2003 ) , Ned Kelly ( 2003 ) , Casanova ( 2005 ) , The Brothers Grimm ( 2005 ) , and Lords of Dogtown ( 2005 ) . In 2001 , he won a ShoWest Award as `` Male Star of Tomorrow '' . </P> <P> Ledger received `` Best Actor of 2005 '' awards from both the New York Film Critics Circle and the San Francisco Film Critics Circle for his performance in Brokeback Mountain , in which he plays Wyoming ranch hand Ennis Del Mar , who has a love affair with aspiring rodeo rider Jack Twist , played by Jake Gyllenhaal . He also received a nomination for Golden Globe Best Actor in a Drama and a nomination for Academy Award for Best Actor for this performance , making him , at age 26 , the ninth - youngest nominee for a Best Actor Oscar . In The New York Times review of the film , critic Stephen Holden writes : `` Both Mr. Ledger and Mr. Gyllenhaal make this anguished love story physically palpable . Mr. Ledger magically and mysteriously disappears beneath the skin of his lean , sinewy character . It is a great screen performance , as good as the best of Marlon Brando and Sean Penn . '' In a review in Rolling Stone , Peter Travers states : `` Ledger 's magnificent performance is an acting miracle . He seems to tear it from his insides . Ledger does n't just know how Ennis moves , speaks and listens ; he knows how he breathes . To see him inhale the scent of a shirt hanging in Jack 's closet is to take measure of the pain of love lost . '' </P> <P> After Brokeback Mountain , Ledger costarred with fellow Australian Abbie Cornish in the 2006 Australian film Candy , an adaptation of the 1998 novel Candy : A Novel of Love and Addiction , as young heroin addicts in love attempting to break free of their addiction , whose mentor is played by Geoffrey Rush ; for his performance as sometime poet Dan , Ledger was nominated for three `` Best Actor '' awards , including one of the Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards , which both Cornish and Rush won in their categories . Shortly after the release of Candy , Ledger was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . As one of six actors embodying different aspects of the life of Bob Dylan in the 2007 film I 'm Not There , directed by Todd Haynes , Ledger `` won praise for his portrayal of ' Robbie ( Clark ) , ' a moody , counter-culture actor who represents the romanticist side of Dylan , but says accolades are never his motivation '' . Posthumously , on 23 February 2008 , he shared the 2007 Independent Spirit Robert Altman Award with the rest of the film 's ensemble cast , its director , and its casting director . </P> <P> In his penultimate film performance , Ledger played the Joker in Christopher Nolan 's 2008 film The Dark Knight , released nearly six months after his death . While working on the film in London , Ledger told Sarah Lyall in their New York Times interview that he viewed The Dark Knight 's Joker as a `` psychopathic , mass murdering , schizophrenic clown with zero empathy '' . For his work on The Dark Knight , Ledger won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor with his family accepting it on his behalf , as well as numerous other posthumous awards , including the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor , which Christopher Nolan accepted for him . At the time of his death on 22 January 2008 , Ledger had completed about half of the work for his final film performance as Tony in Terry Gilliam 's The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus . Gilliam chose to adapt the film after his death by having fellow actors Johnny Depp , Jude Law , and Colin Farrell play `` fantasy transformations '' of his character so that Ledger 's final performance could be seen in theatres . </P> <H3> Directorial work ( edit ) </H3> Ledger ( rightmost ) posing with the cast and the director of I 'm Not There at the 64th Venice Film Festival in September 2007 . <P> Ledger had aspirations to become a film director and had made some music videos , which director Todd Haynes praised highly in

In the movie Batman: The Dark Knight, the Joker is played by Heath

Who plays joker in batman the dark knight?

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Hotel California - wikipedia <H1> Hotel California </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the song . For the Eagles album of the same name , see Hotel California ( Eagles album ) . For other uses , see Hotel California ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Hotel California '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Side A of the U.S. single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Eagles </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Hotel California </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Pretty Maids All in a Row '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> February 1977 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 - inch single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1976 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Soft rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 6 : 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Asylum </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Don Felder , Don Henley , Glenn Frey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bill Szymczyk </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Eagles singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` New Kid in Town '' ( 1976 ) </Td> <Td> `` Hotel California '' ( 1977 ) </Td> <Td> `` Life in the Fast Lane '' ( 1977 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` New Kid in Town '' ( 1976 ) </Td> <Td> `` Hotel California '' ( 1977 ) </Td> <Td> `` Life in the Fast Lane '' ( 1977 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Audio sample </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Eagles -- `` Hotel California '' <Ul> <Li> file </Li> <Li> help </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Hotel California '' is the title track from the Eagles ' album of the same name and was released as a single in February 1977 . Writing credits for the song are shared by Don Felder ( music ) , Don Henley , and Glenn Frey ( lyrics ) . The Eagles ' original recording of the song features Henley singing the lead vocals and concludes with an extended section of electric guitar interplay between Felder and Joe Walsh . </P> <P> The song is considered the most famous recording by the band , and its long guitar coda has been voted the best guitar solo of all time by readers of Guitarist in 1998 . The song was awarded the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1978 . The lyrics of the song have been given various interpretations by fans and critics alike , the Eagles themselves described the song as their `` interpretation of the high life in Los Angeles '' . In the 2013 documentary History of the Eagles , Henley said that the song was about `` a journey from innocence to experience ... that 's all ... '' </P> <P> Since its release , `` Hotel California '' has been covered by a number of artists and has become a part of international popular culture . Julia Phillips proposed adapting the song into a film , but the members of the Eagles disliked the idea and it never came to fruition . Commercially , `` Hotel California '' reached the number one position on the Billboard Hot 100 and reached the top ten of several international charts . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Composition </Li> <Li> 1.2 Recordings </Li> <Li> 1.3 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 1.4 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Themes and interpretations <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Conjectures </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Harmonic structure </Li> <Li> 4 Cover versions , samples and parodies </Li> <Li> 5 Cultural influence </Li> <Li> 6 Proposed film adaptation </Li> <Li> 7 Personnel </Li> <Li> 8 Charts and certifications <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 8.2 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 8.3 Certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History </H2> <H3> Composition </H3> Don Felder composed the melody for `` Hotel California . '' Glenn Frey provided the outline of `` Hotel California . '' Don Henley wrote the lyrics to `` Hotel California '' with Frey . <P> The melody of the song was composed by Don Felder in a rented house on Malibu Beach . He recorded the basic tracks with a Rhythm Ace drum machine and added a 12 string guitar on a four - track recording deck in his spare bedroom , then mixed in a bassline , and gave Don Henley and Glenn Frey each a copy of the recording . Felder , who met the Eagles through his high school bandmate Bernie Leadon , said that Leadon advised him to make tapes of songs he wrote for the band so that other band members like Henley , whose forte is in writing lyrics , might work with him on finishing the songs they like . The demos he made were always instrumental , and on every album project he would submit 15 or 16 ideas . The demo he made for `` Hotel California '' showed influences from Latin and reggae music , and it grabbed the attention of Henley who said he liked the song that `` sounds like a Mexican reggae or Bolero '' , which gave the song its first working title , `` Mexican Reggae '' . </P> <P> Frey and Henley were both interested in the tune after hearing the demo , and discussed the concept for the lyrics . In 2008 , Felder described the writing of the lyrics : </P> <P> Don Henley and Glenn wrote most of the words . All of us kind of drove into L.A. at night . Nobody was from California , and if you drive into L.A. at night ... you can just see this glow on the horizon of lights , and the images that start running through your head of Hollywood and all the dreams that you have , and so it was kind of about that ... what we started writing the song about . </P> <P> Henley decided on the theme of `` Hotel California '' , noting how The Beverly Hills Hotel had become a literal and symbolic focal point of their lives at that time . Henley said of their personal and professional experience in LA : `` We were getting an extensive education , in life , in love , in business . Beverly Hills was still a mythical place to us . In that sense it became something of a symbol , and the ' Hotel ' the locus of all that LA had come to mean for us . In a sentence , I 'd sum it up as the end of the innocence , round one . '' </P> <P> Frey came up with a cinematic scenario of a person who , tired from driving a long distance in a desert , saw a place for a rest and pulled in for the night , but entered `` a weird world peopled by freaky characters '' , and became `` quickly spooked by the claustrophobic feeling of being caught in a disturbing web from which he may never escape . '' In an interview with Cameron Crowe , Frey said that he and Henley wanted the song `` to open like an episode of the Twilight Zone '' , and added : `` We take this guy and make him like a character in The Magus , where every time he walks through a door there 's a new version of reality . We wanted to write a song just like it was a movie . '' Frey described the song in an interview with NBC 's Bob Costas as a cinematic montage `` just one shot to the next ... a picture of a guy on the highway , a picture of the hotel , the guy walks in , the door opens , strange people . '' Frey continued : `` We decided to create something strange , just to see if we could do it . '' Henley then wrote most of the lyrics based on Frey 's idea , and sought inspiration for the writing by driving out into the desert as well as from films and theater . </P> <P> Part of the lyrics , such as `` Her mind is Tiffany twisted , she got the Mercedes bends / She got a lot of pretty pretty boys she calls friends '' , are based on Henley 's break - up with his girlfriend Loree Rodkin . According to Glenn Frey 's liner notes for The Very Best Of , the use of the word `` steely '' in the lyric , `` They stab it with their steely knives , but they just ca n't kill the beast , '' was a playful nod to the band Steely Dan , who had included the lyric `` Turn up the Eagles , the neighbors are listening '' in their song `` Everything You Did '' . Frey had also said that the writing of the song was inspired by the boldness of Steely Dan 's lyrics and its willingness to go `` out there '' , and thought that the song they wrote had `` achieved perfect ambiguity . '' </P> <H3> Recordings </H3> <P> The Eagles recorded the track with Don Henley on lead vocal three different times , twice at the Record Plant in Los Angeles and finally at the Criteria Studios in Miami . They first recorded a riff , but when it came to recording the vocal , it was found to be in too high a key for Henley 's voice , so Felder progressively lowered the key from E minor , eventually settling on B minor . The second recording however was judged too fast . In Miami , the band fine - tuned the instrumentation and the lyrics and recorded numerous takes . Five or six best ones were selected , and the best parts were then spliced together to create the released version . According to the producer Bill Szymczyk , there were 33 edits on the two ‐ inch master . The final section features a guitar battle between Joe Walsh ( who had replaced Bernie Leadon after Leadon 's departure from the band in 1975 ) and Felder , which took the two of them sitting together working for around three days to achieve the necessary precision . Walsh and Felder initially started improvising but Henley insisted that the recording should follow the music as first recorded in Felder 's demo . </P> <P> Henley decided that the song should be a single , although Felder had doubts and the record company was reluctant to release it because , at over six minutes , its duration far exceeded that of the songs generally played by radio stations . The band took a stand and refused the label 's request to shorten the song . The song was released as the second single from the album after `` New Kid in Town '' . The front cover art for some overseas editions of the 45rpm single released was a reworked version of the Hotel California LP cover art , which used a photograph of the Beverly Hills Hotel by David Alexander , with design and art direction by Kosh . </P> The Eagles performing `` Hotel California '' in Australia during their Long Road Out of Eden Tour <P> As `` Hotel California '' became one of the group 's most popular songs and a concert staple for the band , live recordings of the song have therefore also been released . The first live recording of the song appeared on the Eagles ' 1980 live album , and an acoustic version with an extended intro is a track in the 1994 Hell Freezes Over reunion concert CD and video release . The Hell Freezes Over version is performed

The Eagles' song "Hotel California" was written at

Where was the eagles song hotel california written?

-7034621283959388197

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Krishnamurti </Li> <Li> Sai Baba </Li> <Li> Vivekananda </Li> <Li> Nigamananda </Li> <Li> Yogananda </Li> <Li> Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade </Li> <Li> Tibbetibaba </Li> <Li> Trailanga </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Society ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Varna </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Brahmin </Li> <Li> Kshatriya </Li> <Li> Vaishya </Li> <Li> Shudra </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Dalit </Li> <Li> Jati </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Denominations </Li> <Li> Persecution </Li> <Li> Nationalism </Li> <Li> Hindutva </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Other topics ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Hinduism by country </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Balinese Hinduism </Li> <Li> Criticism </Li> <Li> Calendar </Li> <Li> Iconography </Li> <Li> Mythology </Li> <Li> Pilgrimage sites </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Hinduism and Jainism / and Buddhism / and Sikhism / and Judaism / and Christianity / and Islam </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Glossary of Hinduism terms </Li> <Li> Hinduism portal </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Holi ( / ˈhoʊliː / ; Sanskrit : होली Holī ) is a Hindu spring festival celebrated in the Indian subcontinent , also known as the `` festival of colours '' or the `` festival of love '' . The festival signifies the victory of good over evil , the arrival of spring , end of winter , and for many a festive day to meet others , play and laugh , forget and forgive , and repair broken relationships . It is also celebrated as a thanksgiving for a good harvest . It lasts for a night and a day , starting on the evening of the Purnima ( Full Moon day ) falling in the Vikram Samvat Hindu Calendar month of Phalguna , which falls somewhere between the end of February and the middle of March in the Gregorian calendar . The first evening is known as Holika Dahan or Chhoti Holi and the following day as Holi , Rangwali Holi , Dhuleti , Dhulandi , or Phagwah . </P> <P> Holi is an ancient Hindu religious festival which has become popular with non-Hindus in many parts of South Asia , as well as people of other communities outside Asia . In recent years the festival has spread to parts of Europe and North America as a spring celebration of love , frolic , and colours . </P> <P> Holi celebrations start on the night before Holi with a Holika Dahan where people gather , perform religious rituals in front of the bonfire , and pray that their internal evil be destroyed the way Holika , the sister of the demon king Hiranyakashipu , was killed in the fire . The next morning is celebrated as Rangwali Holi -- a free - for - all festival of colours , where people smear each other with colours and drench each other . Water guns and water - filled balloons are also used to play and colour each other . Anyone and everyone is fair game , friend or stranger , rich or poor , man or woman , children and elders . The frolic and fight with colours occurs in the open streets , open parks , outside temples and buildings . Groups carry drums and other musical instruments , go from place to place , sing and dance . People visit family , friends and foes to throw coloured powders on each other , laugh and gossip , then share Holi delicacies , food and drinks . Some customary drinks include bhang ( marijuana ) , which is intoxicating . In the evening , after sobering up , people dress up and visit friends and family . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Significance <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Vishnu legend </Li> <Li> 1.2 Krishna legend </Li> <Li> 1.3 Other Hindu traditions </Li> <Li> 1.4 Cultural significance </Li> <Li> 1.5 Other Indian religions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Description </Li> <Li> 3 History and rituals </Li> <Li> 4 Regional names , rituals and celebrations <Ul> <Li> 4.1 India <Ul> <Li> 4.1. 1 Gujarat </Li> <Li> 4.1. 2 Uttar Pradesh </Li> <Li> 4.1. 3 Uttarakhand </Li> <Li> 4.1. 4 Bihar </Li> <Li> 4.1. 5 West Bengal </Li> <Li> 4.1. 6 Odisha </Li> <Li> 4.1. 7 Andhra Pradesh </Li> <Li> 4.1. 8 Assam </Li> <Li> 4.1. 9 Goa </Li> <Li> 4.1. 10 Maharashtra </Li> <Li> 4.1. 11 Manipur </Li> <Li> 4.1. 12 Kerala </Li> <Li> 4.1. 13 Karnataka </Li> <Li> 4.1. 14 Telangana </Li> <Li> 4.1. 15 Tamil Nadu </Li> <Li> 4.1. 16 Jammu & Kashmir </Li> <Li> 4.1. 17 Punjab & Himachal Pradesh </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.2 Nepal </Li> <Li> 4.3 Indian diaspora </Li> <Li> 4.4 Pakistan </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Traditional sources of colours </Li> <Li> 6 Holi powder <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Synthetic colours </Li> <Li> 6.2 Environmental impact </Li> <Li> 6.3 Flammability </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Influence on other cultures <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Holi - inspired events </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Notes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Significance ( edit ) </H2> See also : Holika Holika bonfire in front of Jagdish Temple in Udaipur , Rajasthan , 2010 <H3> Vishnu legend ( edit ) </H3> <P> There is a symbolic legend to explain why Holi is celebrated as a festival of colours in the honour of Hindu god Vishnu and his follower Prahlada . King Hiranyakashipu , according to a legend found in chapter 7 of Bhagavata Purana , was the king of demonic Asuras , and had earned a boon that gave him five special powers : he could be killed by neither a human being nor an animal , neither indoors nor outdoors , neither at day nor at night , neither by astra ( projectile weapons ) nor by any shastra ( handheld weapons ) , and neither on land nor in water or air . Hiranyakashipu grew arrogant , thought he was God , and demanded that everyone worship only him . </P> <P> Hiranyakashipu 's own son , Prahlada , however , disagreed . He was and remained devoted to Vishnu . This infuriated Hiranyakashipu . He subjected Prahlada to cruel punishments , none of which affected the boy or his resolve to do what he thought was right . Finally , Holika , Prahlada 's evil aunt , tricked him into sitting on a pyre with her . Holika was wearing a cloak that made her immune to injury from fire , while Prahlada was not . As the fire roared , the cloak flew from Holika and encased Prahlada , who survived while Holika burned . Vishnu , the god who appears as an avatar to restore Dharma in Hindu beliefs , took the form of Narasimha - half human and half lion , at dusk ( when it was neither day nor night ) , took Hiranyakashyapu at a doorstep ( which was neither indoors nor outdoors ) , placed him on his lap ( which was neither land , water nor air ) , and then eviscerated and killed the king with his lion claws ( which were neither a handheld weapon nor a launched weapon ) . </P> <P> The Holika bonfire and Holi signifies the celebration of the symbolic victory of good over evil , of Prahlada over Hiranyakashipu , and of the fire that burned Holika . </P> <P> </P> <H3> Krishna legend ( edit ) </H3> <P> In the Braj region of India , where the Hindu deity Krishna grew up ,

We celebrate the Holi festival in Hindi

Why do we celebrate holi festival in hindi?

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Gravity - wikipedia <H1> Gravity </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Gravity ( disambiguation ) . `` Gravitation '' and `` Law of Gravity '' redirect here . For other uses , see Gravitation ( disambiguation ) and Law of Gravity ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series of articles about </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Classical mechanics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> F → = m a → ( \ displaystyle ( \ vec ( F ) ) = m ( \ vec ( a ) ) ) Second law of motion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> <Ul> <Li> History </Li> <Li> Timeline </Li> </Ul> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Branches ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Applied </Li> <Li> Celestial </Li> <Li> Continuum </Li> <Li> Dynamics </Li> <Li> Kinematics </Li> <Li> Kinetics </Li> <Li> Statics </Li> <Li> Statistical </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fundamentals ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Acceleration </Li> <Li> Angular momentum </Li> <Li> Couple </Li> <Li> D'Alembert's principle </Li> <Li> Energy <Ul> <Li> kinetic </Li> <Li> potential </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Force </Li> <Li> Frame of reference </Li> <Li> Inertial frame of reference </Li> <Li> Impulse </Li> <Li> Inertia / Moment of inertia </Li> <Li> Mass </Li> <Li> Mechanical power </Li> <Li> Mechanical work </Li> <Li> Moment </Li> <Li> Momentum </Li> <Li> Space </Li> <Li> Speed </Li> <Li> Time </Li> <Li> Torque </Li> <Li> Velocity </Li> <Li> Virtual work </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Formulations ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Newton 's laws of motion </Li> <Li> Analytical mechanics <Ul> <Li> Lagrangian mechanics </Li> <Li> Hamiltonian mechanics </Li> <Li> Routhian mechanics </Li> <Li> Hamilton -- Jacobi equation </Li> <Li> Appell 's equation of motion </Li> <Li> Udwadia -- Kalaba equation </Li> <Li> Koopman -- von Neumann mechanics </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Core topics ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Damping ( ratio ) </Li> <Li> Displacement </Li> <Li> Equations of motion </Li> <Li> Euler 's laws of motion </Li> <Li> Fictitious force </Li> <Li> Friction </Li> <Li> Harmonic oscillator </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Inertial / Non-inertial reference frame </Li> <Li> Mechanics of planar particle motion </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Motion ( linear ) </Li> <Li> Newton 's law of universal gravitation </Li> <Li> Newton 's laws of motion </Li> <Li> Relative velocity </Li> <Li> Rigid body <Ul> <Li> dynamics </Li> <Li> Euler 's equations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Simple harmonic motion </Li> <Li> Vibration </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rotation ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Circular motion </Li> <Li> Rotating reference frame </Li> <Li> Centripetal force </Li> <Li> Centrifugal force <Ul> <Li> reactive </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Coriolis force </Li> <Li> Pendulum </Li> <Li> Tangential speed </Li> <Li> Rotational speed </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Angular acceleration / displacement / frequency / velocity </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Scientists ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Galileo </Li> <Li> Huygens </Li> <Li> Newton </Li> <Li> Kepler </Li> <Li> Horrocks </Li> <Li> Halley </Li> <Li> Euler </Li> <Li> d'Alembert </Li> <Li> Clairaut </Li> <Li> Lagrange </Li> <Li> Laplace </Li> <Li> Hamilton </Li> <Li> Poisson </Li> <Li> Daniel Bernoulli </Li> <Li> Johann Bernoulli </Li> <Li> Cauchy </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Play media Hammer and feather drop : astronaut David Scott ( from mission Apollo 15 ) on the Moon enacting the legend of Galileo 's gravity experiment . ( 1.38 MB , ogg / Theora format ) . <P> Gravity , or gravitation , is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass are brought toward ( or gravitate toward ) one another , including objects ranging from atoms and photons , to planets and stars . Since energy and mass are equivalent , all forms of energy ( including light ) cause gravitation and are under the influence of it . On Earth , gravity gives weight to physical objects , and the Moon 's gravity causes the ocean tides . The gravitational attraction of the original gaseous matter present in the Universe caused it to begin coalescing , forming stars -- and for the stars to group together into galaxies -- so gravity is responsible for many of the large scale structures in the Universe . Gravity has an infinite range , although its effects become increasingly weaker on farther objects . </P> <P> Gravity is most accurately described by the general theory of relativity ( proposed by Albert Einstein in 1915 ) which describes gravity not as a force , but as a consequence of the curvature of spacetime caused by the uneven distribution of mass . The most extreme example of this curvature of spacetime is a black hole , from which nothing -- not even light -- can escape once past the black hole 's event horizon . However , for most applications , gravity is well approximated by Newton 's law of universal gravitation , which describes gravity as a force which causes any two bodies to be attracted to each other , with the force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them . </P> <P> Gravity is the weakest of the four fundamental forces of physics , approximately 10 times weaker than the strong force , 10 times weaker than the electromagnetic force and 10 times weaker than the weak force . As a consequence , it has no significant influence at the level of subatomic particles . In contrast , it is the dominant force at the macroscopic scale , and is the cause of the formation , shape and trajectory ( orbit ) of astronomical bodies . For example , gravity causes the Earth and the other planets to orbit the Sun , it also causes the Moon to orbit the Earth , and causes the formation of tides , the formation and evolution of the Solar System , stars and galaxies . </P> <P> The earliest instance of gravity in the Universe , possibly in the form of quantum gravity , supergravity or a gravitational singularity , along with ordinary space and time , developed during the Planck epoch ( up to 10 seconds after the birth of the Universe ) , possibly from a primeval state , such as a false vacuum , quantum vacuum or virtual particle , in a currently unknown manner . Attempts to develop a theory of gravity consistent with quantum mechanics , a quantum gravity theory , which would allow gravity to be united in a common mathematical framework ( a theory of everything ) with the other three forces of physics , are a current area of research . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History of gravitational theory <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Scientific revolution </Li> <Li> 1.2 Newton 's theory of gravitation </Li> <Li> 1.3 Equivalence principle </Li> <Li> 1.4 General relativity <Ul> <Li> 1.4. 1 Solutions </Li> <Li> 1.4. 2 Tests </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 1.5 Gravity and quantum mechanics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Specifics <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Earth 's gravity </Li> <Li> 2.2 Equations for a falling body near the surface of the Earth </Li> <Li> 2.3 Gravity and astronomy </Li> <Li> 2.4 Gravitational radiation </Li> <Li> 2.5 Speed of gravity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Anomalies and discrepancies </Li> <Li> 4 Alternative theories <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Historical alternative theories </Li> <Li> 4.2 Modern alternative theories </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 Footnotes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History of gravitational theory </H2> Main article : History of gravitational theory <H3> Scientific revolution </H3> Main article : Scientific revolution <P> Modern work on gravitational theory began with the work of Galileo Galilei in the late 16th and early 17th centuries . In his famous ( though possibly apocryphal ) experiment dropping balls from the Tower of Pisa , and later with careful measurements of balls rolling down inclines , Galileo showed that gravitational acceleration is the same for all objects . This was a major departure from Aristotle 's belief that heavier objects have a higher gravitational acceleration . Galileo postulated air resistance as the reason that objects with less mass fall more slowly in an atmosphere . Galileo 's work set the stage for the formulation of Newton 's theory of gravity . </P> <H3> Newton 's theory of gravitation </H3> Main article : Newton 's law of universal gravitation Sir Isaac Newton , an English physicist who lived from 1642 to 1727 <P> In 1687 , English mathematician Sir Isaac Newton published Principia , which hypothesizes the inverse - square law of universal gravitation . In his own words , `` I deduced that the forces which keep the planets in their orbs must ( be ) reciprocally as the squares of their distances from the centers about which they revolve : and thereby compared the force requisite to keep the Moon in her Orb with the force of gravity at the surface of the Earth ; and found them answer pretty nearly . '' The equation is the following : </P> <P> F = G m 1 m 2 r 2 ( \ displaystyle F = G ( \ frac ( m_ ( 1 ) m_ ( 2 ) ) ( r ^ ( 2 ) ) ) \ ) </P> <P> Where F is the force , m and m are the masses of the objects interacting , r is the distance between the centers of the masses and G is the gravitational constant . </P> <P> Newton 's theory enjoyed its greatest success when it was used to predict the existence of Neptune based on motions of Uranus that could not be accounted for by the actions of the other planets . Calculations by both John Couch Adams and Urbain Le Verrier predicted the general position of the planet , and Le Verrier 's calculations are what led Johann Gottfried Galle to the discovery of Neptune . </P> <P> A discrepancy in Mercury 's orbit pointed out flaws in Newton 's theory . By the end of the 19th century , it was known that its orbit showed slight perturbations that could not be accounted for entirely under Newton 's theory , but all searches for another perturbing body ( such as a planet orbiting the Sun even closer than Mercury ) had been fruitless . The issue was resolved in 1915 by Albert Einstein 's new theory of general relativity , which accounted for the small discrepancy in Mercury 's orbit . </P> <P> Although Newton 's theory has been superseded by Einstein 's general relativity , most modern non-relativistic gravitational calculations are still made using Newton 's theory because it is simpler to work with and it gives sufficiently accurate results for most applications involving sufficiently small masses , speeds and energies . </P> <H3> Equivalence principle </H3> <P> The equivalence principle , explored by a succession of researchers including Galileo , Loránd Eötvös , and Einstein , expresses the idea that all objects fall in the same way , and that the effects of gravity are indistinguishable from certain aspects of acceleration and deceleration . The simplest way to test the weak equivalence principle is to drop two objects of different masses or compositions in a vacuum and see whether they hit the ground at the same time . Such experiments demonstrate that all objects fall at the same rate when other forces ( such as air resistance and electromagnetic effects ) are negligible . More sophisticated tests use a torsion balance of a type invented by Eötvös . Satellite experiments , for example STEP , are planned for more accurate experiments in space . </P> <P> Formulations of the equivalence principle include : </P> <Ul> <Li> The weak equivalence principle : The trajectory of a point mass in a gravitational field depends only on its initial position and velocity , and is independent of its composition . </Li> <Li> The Einsteinian equivalence principle : The outcome of any local non-gravitational experiment in a freely falling laboratory is independent

The common name for gravitational force is

What is the common name for gravitational force?

-227349815410103996

by child actor Jules Sitruk . This style is mimicked in some of the international versions . For example , in the Hungarian version , actors Ákos Kőszegi , Anna Kubik , and Gábor Morvai provide the voices of the penguins , and the German version as seen in German movie theaters ( and in the televised broadcast in April 2007 on channel ProSieben ) uses the voices of Andrea Loewig , Thorsten Michaelis , and Adrian Kilian for the `` dubbed dialog '' of the penguins . This style of narration is also used in the Danish and Cantonese DVD versions . </P> <P> Disney bidded to get US distribution rights to the film , but their bid ultimately failed , the English - language distribution rights were later acquired at the Sundance documentary festival in January 2005 , by Adam Leipzig of National Geographic Films , who had forged a distribution partnership with Warner Independent Pictures . In contrast to the French version , their English release has a third - person narrative by a single voice , actor Morgan Freeman . Similarly , the Austrian channel ORF 1 used for their broadcast in April 2007 , the alternate version available on the German `` Special Edition '' DVD which uses a documentary narration voiceover spoken by the German actor Sky Du Mont . Other releases ' narrators include the Dutch version , narrated by Belgian comedian Urbanus ; the Indian version , narrated in Hindi and English by Indian actor Amitabh Bachchan , is titled Penguins : A Love Story ; the Polish version , narrated by Polish actor Marek Kondrat ; and the Swedish version , narrated by Swedish actor Gösta Ekman . The Tagalog version is narrated by actress Sharon Cuneta ; it is entitled Penguin , Penguin , Paano Ka Ginawa ? ( English : Penguin , Penguin , How Were You Made ? ) with the English title as the subtitle . The Tagalog title is similar to that of a Philippine novel and film , Bata , Bata , Paano Ka Ginawa ? ( English : Child , Child , How Were You Made ? ) </P> <P> Another difference between the various international versions involves the music . The original version uses an original experimental soundtrack by electronic music composer Émilie Simon , whereas the English - language version replaces it with an instrumental score by Alex Wurman . The Hindi version happens to use the music from the French version . </P> <H2> Releases and responses ( edit ) </H2> <P> The first screening of the documentary was at the Sundance Film Festival in the United States on 21 January 2005 . It was released in France the next week , on 26 January , where it earned a 4 - star rating from AlloCiné , and was beaten at the box office only by The Aviator during its opening week . </P> <P> The original French version was released in Quebec . Subsequently , an English - language version was released in the rest of North America on 24 June 2005 , drawing praise from most critics who found it both informative and charming . It has received a 94 % `` fresh '' rating with the consensus `` Only the hardened soul wo n't be moved by this heartwarming doc '' on the website Rotten Tomatoes , which collects film reviews . The movie - going public apparently agreed with that assessment , as the documentary distinguished itself as one of the most successful documentaries of the season on a per - theatre basis : it became the second most successful documentary released in North America , after Fahrenheit 9 / 11 , grossing over $77 million in the United States and Canada ( in nominal dollars , from 1982 to the present . ) It grossed over $127 million worldwide . It 's the only movie from Warner Independent to be rated G by the MPAA . </P> <P> The documentary was released on DVD in France on 26 July 2005 , and in the United States by Warner Home Video on 29 November 2005 . It was never released on VHS by Warner Home Video , due to A Very Long Engagement being the last VHS by Warner Independent . It however spawned a VHS in French locations , such as French Canadian regions . The DVD extras address some of the criticisms the documentary had attracted , most notably by reframing the documentary as a scientific study and adding facts to what would otherwise have been a family film . This Region 2 release featured no English audio tracks or subtitles . </P> <P> An extra on the DVD issue was the controversial 1948 Bugs Bunny cartoon Frigid Hare , in which Bugs visits the South Pole and meets a young penguin fleeing an Eskimo hunter . The cartoon is not frequently seen because of its stereotypical depiction of the Inuit hunter , but it was included here uncut and uncensored . This is substituted in the American release with 8 Ball Bunny , likewise uncut and uncensored . </P> <P> In November 2006 , the documentary was adapted into a video game by DSI Games for the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance platforms . It features Lemmings - like gameplay . </P> <P> In 2007 , a direct - to - DVD parody written and directed by Bob Saget called Farce of the Penguins was released . It is narrated by Samuel L. Jackson and features other stars providing voice - overs for the penguins . Although the film uses footage from actual nature documentaries about penguins , the parody was not allowed to include footage from March of the Penguins itself . </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> The DVD version includes a 54 - minute film entitled Of Penguins and Men made by the film crew Laurent Chalet and Jérôme Mason about the filming of March of the Penguins . </P> <P> Director and film crew spent more than 13 months at the Dumont d'Urville Station , where the Institut polaire français Paul - Émile Victor is based . Although the penguins ' meeting place , one of four in Antarctica , was known to be near , the day on which it occurs is not known , so they had to be ready every day . Fortunately , the gathering that year was huge -- more than 1,200 penguins , compared with the norm of a few hundred . </P> <P> For cameras to operate at − 40 ° , they had to use film and to load all the film for the day , as it was impossible to reload outside . Because of the isolation from any film studios , remembering each shot was necessary to ensure continuity and to make sure that all the necessary sequences were finished . </P> <P> The main challenge of making the documentary was the weather with temperatures between − 50 and − 60 ° C ( − 58 and − 76 ° F ) . At dawn , the film crew would spend half an hour putting on six layers of clothes , and on some days they could not spend more than three hours outside . They worked in winds with gusts up to 125 miles per hour , `` which in some ways is worse than the cold temperatures '' according to director Jaquet . </P> <H2> Political and social interpretations ( edit ) </H2> <P> The documentary attracted some political and social commentary in which the penguins were viewed anthropomorphically as having similarities with , and even lessons for , human society . Michael Medved praised the documentary for promoting conservative family values by showing the value of stable parenthood . Medved 's comments provoked responses by others , including Andrew Sullivan , who pointed out that the penguins are not in fact monogamous for more than one year , in reality practicing serial monogamy . Matt Walker of New Scientist pointed out that many emperor penguin `` adoptions '' of chicks are in fact kidnappings , as well as behaviours observed in other penguin species , such as ill treatment of weak chicks , prostitution , and ostracism of rare albino penguins . `` For instance , while it is true that emperor penguins often adopt each other 's chicks , they do not always do so in a way the moralisers would approve of . '' Sullivan and Walker both conclude that trying to use animal behavior as an example for human behavior is a mistake . </P> <P> The director , Luc Jacquet , has condemned such comparisons between penguins and humans . Asked by the San Diego Union Tribune to comment on the documentary 's use as `` a metaphor for family values -- the devotion to a mate , devotion to offspring , monogamy , self - denial '' , Jaquet responded : `` I condemn this position . I find it intellectually dishonest to impose this viewpoint on something that 's part of nature . It 's amusing , but if you take the monogamy argument , from one season to the next , the divorce rate , if you will , is between 80 to 90 percent ... the monogamy only lasts for the duration of one reproductive cycle . You have to let penguins be penguins and humans be humans . '' </P> <P> Some of the controversy over this may be media driven . Rich Lowry , editor of National Review , reported in the magazine 's blog that the BBC `` have been harassing me for days over March of the Penguins ... about what , I 'm not sure . I think to see if I would say on air that penguins are God 's instruments to pull America back from the hell - fire , or something like that . As politely as I could I told her , ' Lady , they 're just birds . ' '' </P> <P> Another controversy involves those who feel that the emperor penguin 's behavior can be viewed as an indication of intelligent design , and those who consider it to be an example of evolution by natural selection in action . Steve Jones , professor of genetics at University College London , is quoted as saying , `` Supporters of intelligent design think that if they see something they do n't understand , it must be God ; they fail to recognise that they themselves are part of evolution . It appeals to ignorance , which is why there is a lot of it in American politics at the moment . '' Author Susan Jacoby claims in her 2008 book , The Age of American Unreason ( page 26 ) , that the distributors of the movie deliberately avoided using the word `` evolution '' in order to avoid backlash from the American religious right , and writes , `` As it happens , the emperor penguin is literally a textbook example , cited in college - level biology courses , of evolution by means of natural selection and random mutation ... The financial wisdom of avoiding any mention of evolution was borne out at the box office ... '' </P> <H2> Sequel ( edit ) </H2> <P> On February 15 , 2017 , Disneynature released a possible follow - up to the film entitled L'Empereur , which has also been named March of the Penguins in some countries , it 's title is also March of The Penguins 2 : The Call , this one is narrated in France by Lambert Wilson , possibly due to the idea of giving the penguins voices in the original not sitting well with audiences . The film will be released in the United States as a Hulu exclusive under the name March of the Penguins 2 - The Next Step with Morgan Freeman reprising his role as narrator . </P> <H2> Awards ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Won -- Academy Award for Documentary Feature </Li> <Li> Won -- American Cinema Editors , Best Edited

The region of Antarctica where the documentary "March of the Penguins" was filmed is

Region of antarctica where march of the penguins filmed?

-4732547990490429386

</Tr> <Tr> <Th> 104 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` Dibs '' </Td> <Td> Michael Spiller </Td> <Td> Lang Fisher </Td> <Td> March 7 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> 511 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> A heartbroken Anna grieves her breakup at Mindy 's place , while Jody and Jeremy compete for her affection . Morgan , trying to jump - start his dating life , blows up at Colette 's new girlfriend , Karen , when she accidentally interrupts his make out session . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 105 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Mindy Lahiri Is a White Man '' </Td> <Td> Marco Fargnoli </Td> <Td> Lang Fisher </Td> <Td> March 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> 512 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Mindy is unfairly passed over for a promotion and goes to bed wishing things were different . She wakes up in the body of a handsome white man and quickly discovers the perks that supposedly come with white male privilege . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 106 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` Mindy 's Best Friend '' </Td> <Td> Geeta V. Patel </Td> <Td> Guy Branum </Td> <Td> March 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> 513 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Mindy 's world is turned upside down when her cool friend from childhood moves to New York and starts dating Morgan . Meanwhile , Ben has to cover his tracks after the nurses spot him in a provocative situation . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 107 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` A Decent Proposal '' </Td> <Td> Michael Spiller </Td> <Td> Charlie Grandy </Td> <Td> March 28 , 2017 ( 2017 - 03 - 28 ) </Td> <Td> 514 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Mindy hears that Ben might be planning to propose , just as she decides she never wants to get married . Colette and Karen get engaged , but Colette immediately gets cold feet . Jeremy and Anna 's friendship is tested when Anna 's ex-husband comes back . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 6 ( 2017 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original release date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 108 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Is That All There Is ? '' </Td> <Td> David Stassen </Td> <Td> Mindy Kaling & Sonia Kharkar </Td> <Td> September 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> 601 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> As Mindy adjusts to married life with Ben , Jeremy tries to take things to the next level with Anna , while Tamra makes a life - changing decision . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 109 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` A Romantical Decouplement '' </Td> <Td> Lang Fisher </Td> <Td> Lang Fisher </Td> <Td> September 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 19 ) </Td> <Td> 602 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Anna and Jeremy break up , despite still having feelings for one another . Mindy and Ben decide to get divorced . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 110 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` May Divorce Be With You '' </Td> <Td> Linda Mendoza </Td> <Td> Matt Warburton & Jennifer Vierck </Td> <Td> September 26 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 26 ) </Td> <Td> 603 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Mindy turns to her ex Cliff for help navigating her messy divorce . But Peter is back in town to help pull Mindy out of her slump with an epic office karaoke party ! </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 111 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Leo 's Girlfriend '' </Td> <Td> Ike Barinholtz </Td> <Td> Charlie Grandy & Meredith Dawson </Td> <Td> October 3 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 03 ) </Td> <Td> 604 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Mindy goes toe to toe with a cliquey mom ( Julie Bowen ) at Leo 's school . Meanwhile , Tamra fends off the advances of an ex she never thought she would backslide with . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 112 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Jeremy & Anna 's Meryl Streep Costume Party '' </Td> <Td> Geeta V. Patel </Td> <Td> Mackenzie Dohr </Td> <Td> October 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> 605 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Jeremy 's hosting a party the office is actually excited for ! Adding to the intrigue , Mindy invites a handsome stranger ( Yassir Lester ) who has an unexpected interest in Shulman and Associates . Jody competes with a beautiful doctor ( Ana Ortiz ) after she steals one of his patients . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 113 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` The Midwife 's Tale '' </Td> <Td> Daniela Eisman </Td> <Td> Chris Schleicher </Td> <Td> October 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> 606 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Shulman and Associates is turned upside down when Mindy hires Brendan after he considered suicide . Meanwhile , rumors fly about who is the father of Tamra 's baby . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 114 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Girl Gone Wild '' </Td> <Td> David Rogers </Td> <Td> Miranda Berman </Td> <Td> October 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> 607 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> Mindy reluctantly goes on the honeymoon she never went on by herself . During a hike , she gets trapped 127 Hours - style and gets visited by a hallucination of Reese Witherspoon ( playing herself ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 115 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` TBA '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> October 31 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 31 ) </Td> <Td> 608 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 116 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Danny in Real Life '' </Td> <Td> Michael Spiller </Td> <Td> Matt Warburton & Mindy Kaling </Td> <Td> November 7 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> 609 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 117 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` TBA '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> November 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> 610 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 118 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` TBA '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> November 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> 611 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 119 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` TBA '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> November 28 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 28 ) </Td> <Td> 612 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 120 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` TBA '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> December 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> 613 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 121 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` TBA '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> December 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> 614 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 122 </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` Happily Ever After '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> December 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 19 ) </Td> <Td> 615 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( May 6 , 2015 ) . `` ' The Mindy Project ' Cancelled by FOX '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved May 6 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ausiello , Michael ( May 15 , 2015 ) . `` Mindy Project Renewed for Super-Sized Season 4 at Hulu After Fox Cancellation '' . TVLine . Retrieved May 15 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Adalian , Josef ( May 4 , 2016 ) . `` Hulu Renews The Mindy Project for Season Five '' . Vulture . Retrieved May 4 , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Breaking News - Hulu 's Mid-Season Programming Slate '' . www.thefutoncritic.com . Retrieved September 13 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt7030468/?ref_=ttep_ep10// </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( September 26 , 2012 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Voice ' , ' New Girl ' , ' Dancing With the Stars ' , & ' Ben & Kate ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved September 27 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( October 3 , 2012 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' NCIS ' , ' The Voice ' , & ' Dancing With the Stars ' Special Adjusted Up ; ' Go On ' , ' Vegas ' & ' Parenthood ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on October 5 , 2012 . Retrieved October 4 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' NCIS ' , ' The Voice ' , ' Hart of Dixie ' , ' NCIS : LA ' & ' DWTS ' Adjusted Up ; ' Go On ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on October 12 , 2012 . Retrieved October 10 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( October 31 , 2012 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' Dancing With the Stars ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Archived from the original on January 2 , 2013 . Retrieved November 1 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( November 14 , 2012 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Voice ' , ' Parenthood ' & ' NCIS ' Adjusted Up ; ' Go On ' , ' Hart of Dixie ' , ' Happy Endings ' & ' The Mindy Project ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 14 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( November 21 , 2012 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Voice ' , ' Dancing With the Stars ' , ' Private Practice ' & ' Parenthood ' Adjusted Up ; ' Go On ' ' Happy Endings ' & ' The New Normal ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 22 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( November 28 , 2012 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' NCIS ' & ' Raising Hope ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 29 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( December 5 , 2012 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' Parenthood ' , ' Victoria 's Secret Fashion Show ' , ' The Voice ' , & ' Shark Tank ' Adjusted Up ; ' Hart of Dixie ' and ' Go On ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved December 6 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( December 13 , 2012 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Voice ' & ' The Mindy Project ' Adjusted Up ; ' Happy Endings ' & ' Take It All ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved November 29 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( January 9 , 2013 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' Betty White 's Off Their Rockers ' & ' New Girl ' Adjusted Up '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved January 10 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( January 16 , 2013 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' NCIS ' , ' Off Their Rockers ' & ' The

New episodes of The Mindy Project air on

When do new episodes of mindy project air?

-8544960023313580012

Judith Keppel - wikipedia <H1> Judith Keppel </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Judith Keppel </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel ( 1942 - 08 - 18 ) 18 August 1942 ( age 75 ) Wolverhampton , Staffordshire , England </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Known for </Th> <Td> First winner of the British television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? , Eggheads </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Desmond Leon Corcoran ( 1964 -- 80 ) ( divorced ) Neil Shand ( 1985 -- 87 ) ( separated ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> Sibylla Monacella Corcoran ( born 1966 ) Alexander Martin Desmond Corcoran ( born 1968 ) Aline Rose Corcoran ( born 1972 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Parent ( s ) </Th> <Td> Walter Arnold Crispin Keppel ( father ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Relatives </Th> <Td> Arnold Keppel , 8th Earl of Albemarle ( great - grandfather ) Walter , 9th Earl of Albemarle ( grandfather ) Camilla , Duchess of Cornwall ( third cousin ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Judith Cynthia Aline Keppel ( born 18 August 1942 ) was the first one - million - pound winner on the television game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? in the United Kingdom . She is also the only woman in the United Kingdom to have won it and also the first person to win a million pounds or more on a British television game show . She has appeared on the BBC Two quiz show Eggheads since 2003 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Personal life </Li> <Li> 2 Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Personal life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Keppel 's father Hon Walter Arnold Crispian Keppel ( 1914 -- 1996 ) was a lieutenant commander in the Fleet Air Arm , who moved with the family to various naval postings around Britain until they settled in London when she was 17 . She took A-levels at St Mary 's School , Wantage , and completed a secretarial course , and married her first husband Desmond Corcoran , an art dealer . The couple went on to have three children , Sibylla , Alexander , and Rosie , but divorced in 1980 . In 1985 she married comedy script writer Neil Shand . They separated in 1987 . </P> <P> Keppel is the granddaughter of Walter , 9th Earl of Albemarle . Her great - grandfather , the 8th Earl , was brother - in - law of Alice Keppel , the mistress of King Edward VII , and was the great - granduncle of Camilla , Duchess of Cornwall . The Duchess of Cornwall is therefore her third cousin . Through the noble lineage of her aforementioned grandfather , her ancestry can be traced back to Eleanor of Aquitaine and Henry II of England , who were the subjects of her million - pound question on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? . </P> <H2> Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> £ 1 million ( 15 of 15 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Which King was married to Eleanor of Aquitaine ? </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> A : Henry I </Td> <Td> B : Henry II </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> C : Richard I </Td> <Td> D: Henry V </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Keppel 's £ 1 million question </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Keppel appeared on the 20 November 2000 episode of the UK edition of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? , becoming the 12th winner in the world and the first in the UK to win one million pounds . At the time , she was a garden designer living in Fulham and was `` struggling for money '' . Nonetheless , she had spent about £ 100 phoning the quiz show more than 50 times to secure a place . `` BT rang me up and said , ' Do you realise your telephone bills are rising ? ' '' There was speculation at the time that the win was leaked to the press so that ITV would draw ratings away from BBC One which was showing the last episode of One Foot in the Grave in the same timeslot . However , the Independent Television Commission cleared Celador and ITV of the allegations . </P> <P> Keppel now appears on the BBC Two quiz show Eggheads , where she and four other quiz champions are pitted against members of the public . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ ' West Midlands ' county did not exist prior to 1st April 1974 . ' Staffordshire ' is correct </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Charles Mosley ( ed . ) , Burke 's Peerage , Baronetage & Knightage ( London : Burke 's Peerage , 1999 ) </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/233b6186-52c8-11e3-8586-00144feabdc0.html#axzz4115VmSpl </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Woods , Judith ( 4 August 2001 ) . `` Thank God , I do n't have to move to France '' . The Daily Telegraph . London . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sir William Coutts Keppel , 7th Earl of Albemarle thePeerage.com </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` My secret to winning Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? Being single '' . Daily Telegraph . 31 January 2014 . Retrieved 11 August 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Cool , calm , and collector of quiz show 's first million : But first the adverts as viewers wait for response to the final question '' . Herald Scotland . 21 November 2000 . Retrieved 4 July 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Millionaire ? cleared of ratings ' fix ' '' . BBC News . 15 January 2001 . Retrieved 28 January 2007 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by First winner </Td> <Td> Top prize winner on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire ? ( UK ) 20 November 2000 </Td> <Td> Succeeded by David Edwards </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judith_Keppel&oldid=808001452 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1942 births </Li> <Li> Contestants on British game shows </Li> <Li> Living people </Li> <Li> People from Fulham </Li> <Li> Keppel family </Li> <Li> People educated at Heathfield School , Ascot </Li> <Li> People of United Empire Loyalist descent </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hCards </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 31 October 2017 , at 08 : 29 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The first winner of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire" in the UK was

First who wants to be a millionaire winner uk?

-1937309298763023705

2018 Pro Bowl - wikipedia <H1> 2018 Pro Bowl </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> 2018 Pro Bowl <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> NFC </Th> <Th> AFC </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Head coach : Sean Payton ( New Orleans Saints ) </Th> <Th> Head coach : Mike Tomlin ( Pittsburgh Steelers ) </Th> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Total </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> NFC </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> AFC </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> January 28 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Stadium </Th> <Td> Camping World Stadium , Orlando , Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Offensive MVP </Th> <Td> Delanie Walker ( Tennessee Titans ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Defensive MVP </Th> <Td> Von Miller ( Denver Broncos ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Referee </Th> <Td> Walt Anderson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Attendance </Th> <Td> 51,019 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Ceremonies </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> National anthem </Th> <Td> Jordan Fisher </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coin toss </Th> <Td> Derrick Brooks Warrick Dunn Jason Taylor LaDainian Tomlinson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Halftime show </Th> <Td> Jordan Fisher </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> TV in the United States </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Network </Th> <Td> ESPN / ABC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Announcers </Th> <Td> Sean McDonough , Matt Hasselbeck , Lisa Salters and Louis Riddick </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Radio in the United States </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Network </Th> <Td> Westwood One </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Announcers </Th> <Td> Kevin Kugler ( play - by - play ) Steve Tasker ( analyst ) Laura Okmin ( sideline reporter ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> ← 2017 </Li> <Li> Pro Bowl </Li> <Li> 2019 → </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2018 Pro Bowl was the National Football League 's all - star game for the 2017 season , which was played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando , Florida on January 28 , 2018 . For the first time since 2008 , the game started during afternoon hours instead of primetime hours for U.S. Mainland viewers with a 3 : 00 PM ET start . It marked the second year the game was played in Orlando . It was televised nationally by ESPN and simulcasted on ABC . The roster was announced on December 19 on NFL Network . The AFC team won the game 24 -- 23 , the second straight year the Pro Bowl was won by the AFC . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Host selection process </Li> <Li> 1.2 Side events </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Game format <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Rule changes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Summary <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Box score </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 AFC rosters <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Offense </Li> <Li> 4.2 Defense </Li> <Li> 4.3 Special teams </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 NFC rosters <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Offense </Li> <Li> 5.2 Defense </Li> <Li> 5.3 Special teams </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Number of selections per team </Li> <Li> 7 Broadcasting </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Host selection process ( edit ) </H3> <P> Under a three - year deal that began in 2017 , the Pro Bowl will once again be hosted by Camping World Stadium in Orlando . </P> <H3> Side events ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Pro Bowl Skills Challenge was held on January 25 at the Walt Disney World Resort and its ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex . </P> <H2> Game format ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Rule changes ( edit ) </H3> <P> The game format was the same as for 2017 , highlighted by : </P> <Ul> <Li> Forty - four players were assigned to each team , up from 43 in 2016 ( a regular game - day active roster has 46 ) . </Li> <Li> The two - minute warning that was given in the first and third quarters ( in addition to the second and fourth quarters ) in previous years was eliminated , and the ball did not change hands after the first and third quarters . </Li> <Li> The coin toss determined which team was awarded possession first . There were no kickoffs ; the ball was placed on the 25 - yard line at the start of each half and after scoring plays . </Li> <Li> Defenses were now permitted to play cover two and press coverage . Prior to 2014 , only man coverage was allowed , except for goal line situations . </Li> <Li> A 38 - second / 25 - second play clock was used instead of the usual 40 - second / 25 - second clock , and up from 35 - second / 25 - second clock in 2016 . </Li> <Li> Replay reviews will be allowed ; previously there was replay in the Pro Bowl only when new equipment tests were being conducted . </Li> <Li> There are no intentional grounding rules . </Li> <Li> Only defensive ends and tackles may rush on passing plays , but those must be on the same side of the ball . The defense is not permitted to blitz . </Li> <Li> All blindside blocks and blocks below the waist are illegal . </Li> <Li> A tight end and running back must be in every formation . </Li> <Li> No more than two wide receivers on either side of the ball . </Li> <Li> Deep middle safety must be aligned inside the hash marks . </Li> <Li> Play is stopped the moment a defender wraps his arms around the ball carrier . ( This rule only applies to the quarterback in the backfield during regular NFL play . ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Summary ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box score ( edit ) </H3> 2018 Pro Bowl : American Football Conference vs National Football Conference <Table> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> Total </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> NFC </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 23 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> AFC </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> at Camping World Stadium in Orlando , Florida </P> <Ul> <Li> Date : January 28 , 2018 </Li> <Li> Game time : 3 : 00 p.m. ET </Li> <Li> Game weather : 78 ° F ( 26 ° C ) , Rain showers </Li> <Li> Game attendance : 51,019 </Li> <Li> Referee : Walt Anderson </Li> <Li> TV announcers ( ESPN ) : Sean McDonough , Matt Hasselbeck , Lisa Salters and Louis Riddick </Li> <Li> Recap , Game Book </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th> ( show ) Game information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> First quarter </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> NFC -- Adam Thielen 8 - yard pass from Drew Brees ( Graham Gano kick ) , 7 : 50 . NFC 7 -- 0 . Drive : 13 plays , 75 yards , 7 : 10 . </Li> <Li> AFC -- Chris Boswell 41 - yard field goal , 0 : 43 . NFC 7 -- 3 . Drive : 12 plays , 52 yards , 7 : 07 . </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Second quarter </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> NFC -- Graham Gano 43 - yard field goal , 12 : 08 . NFC 10 -- 3 . Drive : 4 plays , − 4 yards , 1 : 56 . </Li> <Li> NFC -- Harrison Smith 79 - yard interception return ( Graham Gano kick ) , 7 : 18 . NFC 17 -- 3 . </Li> <Li> NFC -- Graham Gano 40 - yard field goal , 0 : 00 . NFC 20 -- 3 . Drive : 11 plays , 58 yards , 1 : 53 . </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Third quarter </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> AFC -- Delanie Walker 4 - yard pass from Alex Smith ( Chris Boswell kick ) , 11 : 20 . NFC 20 -- 10 . Drive : 5 plays , 75 yards , 3 : 40 . </Li> <Li> AFC -- LeSean McCoy 2 - yard run ( Chris Boswell kick ) , 5 : 36 . NFC 20 -- 17 . Drive : 5 plays , 53 yards , 3 : 07 . </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Fourth quarter </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> NFC -- Graham Gano 38 - yard field goal , 14 : 09 . NFC 23 -- 17 . Drive : 13 plays , 55 yards , 6 : 27 . </Li> <Li> AFC -- Delanie Walker 18 - yard pass from Derek Carr ( Chris Boswell kick ) , 1 : 31 . AFC 24 -- 23 . Drive : 7 plays , 47 yards , 2 : 13 . </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Dl> <Dt> Top passers </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> NFC -- Jared Goff -- 10 / 18 , 86 yards </Li> <Li> AFC -- Alex Smith -- 7 / 10 , 131 yards , TD , INT </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Top rushers </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> NFC -- Mark Ingram -- 5 rushes , 21 yards </Li> <Li> AFC -- LeSean McCoy -- 3 rushes , 7 yards , TD </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dt> Top receivers </Dt> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> NFC -- Kyle Rudolph -- 7 receptions , 70 yards </Li> <Li> AFC -- T.Y. Hilton -- 4 receptions , 98 yards </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> AFC rosters ( edit ) </H2> <P> The following players were selected to represent the AFC : </P> <H3> Offense ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Position </Th> <Th> Starter ( s ) </Th> <Th> Reserve ( s ) </Th> <Th> Alternate ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Quarterback </Td> <Td> 12 Tom Brady , New England </Td> <Td> 7 Ben Roethlisberger , Pittsburgh 17 Philip Rivers , LA Chargers </Td> <Td> 11 Alex Smith , Kansas City 4 Derek Carr , Oakland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Running back </Td> <Td> 26 Le'Veon Bell , Pittsburgh </Td> <Td> 25 LeSean McCoy , Buffalo 27 Kareem Hunt , Kansas City </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fullback </Td> <Td> 46 James Develin , New England </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 45 Roosevelt Nix , Pittsburgh </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Wide receiver </Td> <Td> 10 DeAndre Hopkins , Houston 84 Antonio Brown , Pittsburgh </Td> <Td> 13 Keenan Allen , LA Chargers 18 A.J. Green , Cincinnati </Td> <Td> 13 T.Y. Hilton , Indianapolis 14 Jarvis Landry , Miami </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tight end </Td> <Td> 87 Travis Kelce , Kansas City </Td> <Td> 87 Rob Gronkowski , New England </Td> <Td> 82 Delanie Walker , Tennessee 84 Jack Doyle , Indianapolis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Offensive tackle </Td> <Td> 77 Taylor Lewan , Tennessee 78 Alejandro Villanueva , Pittsburgh </Td> <Td> 72 Donald Penn , Oakland </Td> <Td> 76 Russell Okung , LA Chargers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Offensive guard </Td> <Td> 66 David DeCastro , Pittsburgh 70 Kelechi Osemele , Oakland </Td> <Td> 64 Richie Incognito , Buffalo </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Center </Td> <Td> 53 Maurkice Pouncey , Pittsburgh </Td> <Td> 61 Rodney Hudson , Oakland </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Defense ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Position </Th> <Th> Starter ( s ) </Th> <Th> Reserve ( s ) </Th> <Th> Alternate ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Defensive end </Td> <Td> 93 Calais Campbell , Jacksonville 99 Joey Bosa , LA Chargers </Td> <Td> 52 Khalil Mack , Oakland </Td> <Td> 54 Melvin Ingram , LA Chargers 97 Cameron Heyward , Pittsburgh 91 Yannick Ngakoue , Jacksonville </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Defensive tackle </Td> <Td> 97 Geno Atkins , Cincinnati 99

This year's Pro Bowl will be held at

Where's the pro bowl going to be this year?

-3221472232775496553

Sons of Liberty - wikipedia <H1> Sons of Liberty </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Sons of Liberty ( disambiguation ) . 1st row : Samuel Adams Benedict Arnold John Hancock Patrick Henry James Otis , Jr. 2nd row : Paul Revere James Swan Alexander McDougall Benjamin Rush Charles Thomson 3rd row : Joseph Warren Marinus Willett Oliver Wolcott Christopher Gadsden Haym Salomon Not pictured : Hercules Mulligan , Thomas Melvill , Isaac Sears <Table> Sons and Daughters of Harem <Tr> <Th> Motto </Th> <Td> No taxation without representation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formation </Th> <Td> 1765 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dissolved </Th> <Td> 1776 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Patriot , paramilitary , political organizations </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Legal status </Th> <Td> defunct </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Boston , Province of Massachusetts Bay , New York City , Province of New York , Providence , Rhode Island , Province of Rhode Island , Newport , Rhode Island , Province of New Hampshire , Province of New Jersey , Province of Maryland , Virginia Colony </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> A 1765 broadside , regarding the `` Sons of Liberty '' organizations and their principles Nine stripe Sons of Liberty flag <P> The Sons of Liberty was an organization that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies . The secret society was formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government . They played a major role in most colonies in battling the Stamp Act in 1765 . The group officially disbanded after the Stamp Act was repealed . However , the name was applied to other local separatist groups during the years preceding the American Revolution . </P> <P> In the popular imagination , the Sons of Liberty was a formal underground organization with recognized members and leaders . More likely , the name was an underground term for any men resisting new Crown taxes and laws . The well - known label allowed organizers to make or create anonymous summons to a Liberty Tree , `` Liberty Pole '' , or other public meeting - place . Furthermore , a unifying name helped to promote inter-Colonial efforts against Parliament and the Crown 's actions . Their motto became `` No taxation without representation . '' </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 New York </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Flags </Li> <Li> 3 Notable Sons of Liberty </Li> <Li> 4 Later societies </Li> <Li> 5 Modern references </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading <Ul> <Li> 8.1 18th Century Sons </Li> <Li> 8.2 Later groups </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> The Bostonian Paying the Excise - Man , 1774 British propaganda print , referring to the tarring and feathering , of Boston Commissioner of Customs John Malcolm four weeks after the Boston Tea Party . The men also poured hot tea down Malcolm 's throat ; note the noose hanging on the Liberty Tree and the Stamp Act posted upside - down <P> In 1765 , the British government needed money to afford the 10,000 officers and soldiers living in the colonies , and intended that the colonists living there should contribute . The British passed a series of taxes aimed at the colonists , and many of the colonists refused to pay certain taxes ; they argued that they should not be held accountable for taxes which were decided upon without any form of their consent through a representative . This became commonly known as `` No Taxation without Representation . '' Parliament insisted on its right to rule the colonies despite the fact that the colonists had no representative in Parliament . The most incendiary tax was the Stamp Act of 1765 , which caused a firestorm of opposition through legislative resolutions ( starting in the colony of Virginia ) , public demonstrations , threats , and occasional hurtful losses . </P> <P> The organization spread hour by hour , after independent starts in several different colonies . In August 1765 , the group was founded in Boston , Massachusetts . By November 6 , a committee was set up in New York to correspond with other colonies . In December , an alliance was formed between groups in New York and Connecticut . January bore witness to a correspondence link between Boston and New York City , and by March , Providence had initiated connections with New York , New Hampshire , and Newport , Rhode Island . March also marked the emergence of Sons of Liberty organizations in New Jersey , Maryland , and Virginia . </P> <P> In Boston , another example of violence could be found in their treatment of local stamp distributor Andrew Oliver . They burned his effigy in the streets . When he did not resign , they escalated to burning down his office building . Even after he resigned , they almost destroyed the whole house of his close associate Lieutenant Governor Thomas Hutchinson . It is believed that the Sons of Liberty did this to excite the lower classes and get them actively involved in rebelling against the authorities . Their actions made many of the stamp distributors resign in fear . </P> <P> Early in the American Revolution , the former Sons of Liberty generally joined more formal groups , such as the Committee of Safety . </P> <P> The Sons of Liberty popularized the use of tar and feathering to punish and humiliate offending government officials starting in 1767 . This method was also used against British Loyalists during the American Revolution . This punishment had long been used by sailors to punish their mates . </P> <H3> New York ( edit ) </H3> <P> In December 1773 , a new group calling itself the Sons of Liberty issued and distributed a declaration in New York City called the Association of the Sons of Liberty in New York , which formally stated that they were opposed to the Tea Act and that anyone who assisted in the execution of the act was `` an enemy to the liberties of America '' and that `` whoever shall transgress any of these resolutions , we will not deal with , or employ , or have any connection with him '' . </P> <P> After the end of the American Revolutionary War , Isaac Sears , Marinus Willet , and John Lamb in New York City revived the Sons of Liberty . In March 1784 , they rallied an enormous crowd that called for the expulsion of any remaining Loyalists from the state starting May 1 . The Sons of Liberty were able to gain enough seats in the New York assembly elections of December 1784 to have passed a set of punitive laws against Loyalists . In violation of the Treaty of Paris ( 1783 ) , they called for the confiscation of the property of Loyalists . Alexander Hamilton defended the Loyalists , citing the supremacy of the treaty . </P> <H2> Flags ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1767 , the Sons of Liberty adopted a flag called the rebellious stripes flag with nine vertical stripes , four white and five red . A flag having 13 horizontal red and white stripes was used by Commodore Esek Hopkins ( Commander - in - Chief of the Continental Navy ) and by American merchant ships during the war . This flag was also associated with the Sons of Liberty . Red and white were common colors of the flags , although other color combinations were used , such as green and white or yellow and white . </P> <H2> Notable Sons of Liberty ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Samuel Adams -- political writer , tax collector , cousin of John Adams , fire warden . Founded the Sons Of Liberty , Boston </Li> <Li> Joseph Allicocke -- One of the leaders of the Sons in New York , and possibly of African ancestry . </Li> <Li> Benedict Arnold -- businessman , later General in the Continental Army and then the British Army </Li> <Li> Timothy Bigelow -- blacksmith , Worcester </Li> <Li> John Brown -- business leader of Providence , Rhode Island </Li> <Li> John Crane -- carpenter , Colonel in command of the 3rd Continental Artillery Regiment , Braintree </Li> <Li> Benjamin Edes -- journalist / publisher Boston Gazette , Boston </Li> <Li> Christopher Gadsden -- merchant , Charleston , South Carolina </Li> <Li> John Hancock -- merchant , smuggler , fire warden , Boston </Li> <Li> Patrick Henry -- lawyer , Virginia </Li> <Li> John Lamb -- trader , New York City </Li> <Li> Alexander McDougall -- captain of privateers , New York City </Li> <Li> Hercules Mulligan -- tailor , spy under George Washington for the Continental Army , friend of Alexander Hamilton </Li> <Li> James Otis -- lawyer , Massachusetts </Li> <Li> Charles Willson Peale -- portrait painter and saddle maker , Annapolis , Maryland </Li> <Li> Paul Revere -- silversmith , fire warden , Boston </Li> <Li> Benjamin Rush -- physician , Philadelphia </Li> <Li> Isaac Sears -- captain of privateers , New York City </Li> <Li> Haym Salomon -- financial broker , New York and Philadelphia </Li> <Li> James Swan -- American patriot and financier , Boston </Li> <Li> Isaiah Thomas -- printer , Boston then Worcester , first to read Declaration of Independence in Massachusetts </Li> <Li> Charles Thomson -- tutor , secretary , Philadelphia </Li> <Li> Joseph Warren -- doctor , soldier , Boston </Li> <Li> Thomas Young -- doctor , Boston </Li> <Li> Marinus Willett -- cabinetmaker , soldier , New York </Li> <Li> Oliver Wolcott -- lawyer , Connecticut </Li> </Ul> <H2> Later societies ( edit ) </H2> <P> At various times , small secret organizations took the name `` sons of liberty '' . They generally left very few records . </P> <P> The name was also used during the American Civil War . By 1864 , the Copperhead group the Knights of the Golden Circle set up an offshoot called Order of the Sons of Liberty . They both came under federal prosecution in 1864 for treason , especially in Indiana . </P> <P> A radical wing of the Zionist movement launched a boycott in the U.S. against British films in 1948 , in response to British policies in Palestine . It called itself the `` Sons of Liberty . '' </P> <H2> Modern references ( edit ) </H2> <P> The patriotic spirit of the Sons of Liberty has been used by Walt Disney Pictures through their 1957 film adaptation of Esther Forbes ' novel Johnny Tremain . Within the movie , the Sons of Liberty sing a rousing song titled `` The Liberty Tree '' . This song raises the Liberty Tree to a national icon in a manner similar to the way in which George M. Cohan 's `` You 're a Grand Old Flag '' revitalized respect for the American flag in the early twentieth century . </P> <P> In the 1995 alternative history novel The Two Georges , the Sons of Liberty are depicted as a nativist terrorist organisation whose aim is to make the North American Union independent of the British Empire ; their attempts include the theft of the titular portrait for a fifty million pound ransom and two assassination attempts on King - Emperor Charles III . The flag used by the Sons of Liberty and the Independence Party alike is a variation of the North American Jack and Stripes with the Union Jack in the canton being replaced by a bald eagle . </P> <P> The Sons of Liberty are referred to in the 2001 video game Metal Gear Solid 2 : Sons of Liberty . It refers to them in the title , and a group within the game calls itself the Sons of Liberty and models itself after them . </P> <P> In 2015 , a three - part mini-series aired on

The Sons of Liberty were

The sons of liberty who were they and what did they do?

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List of If Loving You is Wrong episodes - wikipedia <H1> List of If Loving You is Wrong episodes </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> If Loving You Is Wrong is an American primetime television soap opera , created , executive produced , written and directed by Tyler Perry . The show premiered September 9 , 2014 , on the Oprah Winfrey Network . If Loving You Is Wrong is loosely based on Perry 's 2014 film , The Single Moms Club . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Series overview <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Season 1 ( 2014 -- 15 ) </Li> <Li> 1.2 Season 2 ( 2015 -- 16 ) </Li> <Li> 1.3 Season 3 ( 2016 -- 17 ) </Li> <Li> 1.4 Season 4 ( 2017 -- 18 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 References </Li> <Li> 3 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Series overview ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Season </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Episodes </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Originally aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First aired </Th> <Th> Last aired </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 20 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> September 9 , 2014 ( 2014 - 09 - 09 ) </Td> <Td> May 26 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 26 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 22 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> September 22 , 2015 ( 2015 - 09 - 22 ) </Td> <Td> May 24 , 2016 ( 2016 - 05 - 24 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 22 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> September 13 , 2016 ( 2016 - 09 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> May 30 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 30 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td colspan="1"> </Td> <Td colspan="2"> 18 </Td> <Td colspan="1"> September 19 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 19 ) </Td> <Td> March 7 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 07 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 1 ( 2014 -- 15 ) ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No. in series </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( million ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` A Twisted Affair '' </Td> <Td> September 9 , 2014 ( 2014 - 09 - 09 ) </Td> <Td> 1.93 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> Alex takes a pregnancy test because everyone thinks she 's pregnant . Her husband Brad loves his job more than he loves her , but wants to make up for it . Esperanza deals with her ex-husband . Kelly wants to buy a house for her boyfriend Travis and her son Justice . </P> <P> Note : The character Esperanza ( played by Zulay Henao ) is based on the character of the same name ( also played by Zulay Henao ) from the feature film The Single Moms Club . The character Natalie is based on the character Lytia Wright from The Single Moms Club . </P> Differences from the movie : ( 1 ) The girls meet because their kids are on the same sports team ; unlike the movie , where their kids got into trouble in school . ( 2 ) Esperanza 's character and storyline is rebooted and her ex-husband is more aggressive . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Shots Fired '' </Td> <Td> September 9 , 2014 ( 2014 - 09 - 09 ) </Td> <Td> 1.92 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Kelly buys a home in Alex and Marcie 's neighborhood ; meanwhile , the identification of Esperanza 's new lover , is revealed to Edward . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Alex Is Pregnant '' </Td> <Td> September 16 , 2014 ( 2014 - 09 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> 1.80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Brad and Alex help Kelly move into her new house , his suspicions of Alex 's infidelity are put on hold after she reveals she is pregnant . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Colombian '' </Td> <Td> September 23 , 2014 ( 2014 - 09 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> 1.64 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Travis comes back from his mission trip to Haiti and drops a bombshell on Kelly . Meanwhile , Esperanza finds out that Julius ' father is the head of a Colombian cartel . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` The War Begins '' </Td> <Td> September 30 , 2014 ( 2014 - 09 - 30 ) </Td> <Td> 1.54 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Kelly 's world is rocked when Travis reveals that he is engaged to another woman . Meanwhile , Alex tries to confirm that Brad is the father of her child . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` Game Night '' </Td> <Td> October 7 , 2014 ( 2014 - 10 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> 1.80 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> After Eddie 's house gets sprayed with gunfire , Lushion finally has an interview at the police station . Travis goes to see Kelly with the hopes of remaining in her life . During game night at Alex and Brad 's house , a game of truth with Randall and Marcie leads to some awkward moments for everyone . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` After Heartbreak '' </Td> <Td> October 14 , 2014 ( 2014 - 10 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> 1.65 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Kelly makes plans to sell her house . Marcie and Brad become more suspicious of their spouses . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` 14 Weeks '' </Td> <Td> October 21 , 2014 ( 2014 - 10 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> 1.68 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Alex finds out that she 's further along in her pregnancy than she originally thought . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Peppa '' </Td> <Td> October 28 , 2014 ( 2014 - 10 - 28 ) </Td> <Td> 1.74 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Natalie points the finger at Joey when Burger Fast is robbed . Marcie finds out Randall is sneaking around with a woman named `` Peppa '' . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` Look Closely '' </Td> <Td> November 4 , 2014 ( 2014 - 11 - 04 ) </Td> <Td> 1.87 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> In need of a distraction from her own drama , Kelly helps Marcie find `` Peppa 's '' true identity . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` The Lady Next Door '' </Td> <Td> March 24 , 2015 ( 2015 - 03 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> 2.99 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Marcie has discovered the truth about Randall 's affair ; she makes a scene at Brad 's birthday party . Everyone is thinking it was Kelly who was having the affair with Randall . It is later revealed that it was Alex who is `` Peppa '' . Brad and Edward both attack Randall and beat him up for the deception . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Girlfriends '' </Td> <Td> March 31 , 2015 ( 2015 - 03 - 31 ) </Td> <Td> 2.53 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> After , Alex 's affair with Randall is exposed . Kelly , Natalie and Esperanza try to comfort her . Brad and Eddie talk over what to do about the affair . Kelly gets a visit from Travis , who claims to still be in with her . Joey has a run - in with some guys from his old gang . Brad pulls a gun on Alex . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` Fatherless Boys '' </Td> <Td> April 7 , 2015 ( 2015 - 04 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> 2.02 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Brad is looking for Randall . Travis tells Justice that he is not his biological father , at the same time his mother comes to apologize to Kelly . Marcie is looking for a place to stay and comes to Kelly for comfort . Joey wants to work at a chemical plant but Natalie does n't want him to work there . Meanwhile , things are getting heated between Eddie and Lushion . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 14 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` Who Knew '' </Td> <Td> April 14 , 2015 ( 2015 - 04 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> 2.28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Brad questions all of the girls about the affair . The police come to Randall 's house after getting reports of gunfire . Eddie arrests Randall . Lushion stands up to Eddie . Marcie becomes unstable when showing a house to an interracial couple . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 15 </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` Marcie & Brad '' </Td> <Td> April 21 , 2015 ( 2015 - 04 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> 2.21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Marcie tries to hold it together when she confronts Alex . Randall hires a lawyer specializing in discrimination . Joey is still trying to get a job but things are n't looking up . Lushion and Natalie discuss living arraignments . Meanwhile , Marcie and Brad plot to have sex to get back at Alex and Randall . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 16 </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` Whose Baby ? '' </Td> <Td> April 28 , 2015 ( 2015 - 04 - 28 ) </Td> <Td> 1.97 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Marcie and Brad find out they have more in common than they expected . Alex experiences contraction - like symptoms . Brad demands that Alex get a paternity test from the doctor . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 17 </Th> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` The Randall Connection '' </Td> <Td> May 5 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> 1.95 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Randall tells Marcie he 's the father of Alex 's unborn child . Alex and Brad 's kids see him sleeping on the couch and question their parents . Eddie feels uneasy , so he tries to make things right with Lushion . Joey gets some helpful advice from Faun but things go wrong when Quan shows up , to threaten his family . Randall finds out Eddie 's secret and uses it against him . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 18 </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> `` The Debt '' </Td> <Td> May 12 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> 2.07 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Edward is targeted in an act of revenge for taking money from Quan . Marcie confronts Alex about her sexual history . Esperanza gets a visit from Randall 's lawyer . Meanwhile , being a stay - at - home mom has its disadvantages , when Randall shows up at Alex 's front door . Quan struggles to pay back the debt he owes Julius . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 19 </Th> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> `` Nine P.M. '' </Td> <Td> May 19 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 19 ) </Td> <Td> 2.21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Eddie is rushed to the hospital after getting shot in the last episode . While struggling for his life , Esperanza is distraught but things worsen when Eddie 's wife shows up . Travis comes to Kelly 's job and she finds herself tempted . Brad helps Peter with his Mother 's Day homework . Peter gets suspicious over Brad 's behavior . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 20 </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> `` Alex 's Baby '' </Td> <Td> May 26 , 2015 ( 2015 - 05 - 26 ) </Td> <Td> 2.05 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> Marcie tells the neighbors about the Randall - Alex affair and Brad threatens Randall . Alex goes into labor ; Natalie begs Lushion to quit the force ; Edward confesses his feelings for Esperanza . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 2 (

The TV show "If Loving You Is Wrong" is returning for Season 4 on

When is if loving you is wrong coming back season 4?

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<Ul> <Li> 7.1 `` Zuckerman 's Famous Pig '' </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 2018 CD Release </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot </H2> <P> Early one morning , Fern Arable prevents her father John from slaughtering a piglet as the runt of the litter . Deciding to let Fern deal with nurturing the piglet , John allows Fern to raise it as a pet . She nurtures it lovingly , naming it Wilbur . Six weeks later , Wilbur , due to being a spring pig , has matured , and John tells Fern that Wilbur has to be sold ( his siblings were already sold ) . Fern sadly says good - bye to Wilbur as he is sold down the street to her uncle , Homer Zuckerman . At Homer 's farm , a goose coaxes a sullen Wilbur to speak his first words . Although delighted at this new ability , Wilbur still yearns for companionship . He attempts to get the goose to play with him , but she declines on the condition that she has to hatch her eggs . Wilbur also tries asking a rat named Templeton to play with him , but Templeton 's only interests are spying , hiding , and eating . Wilbur then wants to play with a lamb , but the lamb 's father says sheep do not play with pigs because it is only a matter of time before they are slaughtered and turned into smoked bacon and ham . Horrified at this depressing discovery , Wilbur reduces himself to tears until a mysterious voice tells him to `` chin up '' , and wait until morning to reveal herself to him . The following morning , she reveals herself to be a spider named Charlotte A. Cavatica , living on a web on a corner of Homer 's barn overlooking Wilbur 's pig pen . She tells him that she will come up with a plan guaranteed to spare his life . </P> <P> Later , the goose 's goslings hatch . One of them , named Jeffrey , befriends Wilbur . Eventually , Charlotte reveals her plan to `` play a trick on Zuckerman '' , and consoles Wilbur to sleep . The next morning , Homer 's farmhand , Lurvy , sees the words , SOME PIG , spun within Charlotte 's web . The incident attracts publicity among Homer 's neighbors who deem the praise to be a miracle . The publicity eventually dies down , and Charlotte requests the barn animals to devise a new word to spin within her web . After several suggestions , the goose suggests the phrase , TERRIFIC ! TERRIFIC ! TERRIFIC ! , though Charlotte decides to shorten it to one TERRIFIC . The incident becomes another media sensation , though Homer still desires to slaughter Wilbur . For the next message , Charlotte then employs Templeton to pull a word from a magazine clipping at the dump for inspiration , in which he returns the word RADIANT ripped from a soap box to spin within her web . Following this , Homer decides to enter Wilbur in the county fair for the summer . Charlotte reluctantly decides to accompany him , though Templeton at first has no interest in doing so until the goose tells him about all the food there . After one night there , Charlotte sends Templeton to the trash pile on another errand to gather another word for her next message , in which he returns with the word , HUMBLE . The next morning , Wilbur awakens to find Charlotte has spun an egg sac containing her unborn offspring , and the following afternoon , the word , HUMBLE , is spun . However , Fern 's brother , Avery , discovers another pig named Uncle has won first place , though the county fair staff decides to hold a celebration in honor of Homer 's miraculous pig , and rewards him $ 25 and a gold medal . He then announces that he will allow Wilbur to `` live to a ripe old age '' . </P> <P> Exhausted from laying eggs and writing words , Charlotte tells Wilbur she will remain at the fair to die . Not willing to let her children be abandoned , Wilbur has Templeton retrieve her egg sac to take back to the farm , just before she dies . Once he returns to Homer 's farm , he guards the egg sac until the winter . The next spring , Charlotte 's 514 children are hatched , but leave the farm , causing Wilbur to become saddened to the point of wanting to run away . Just as he is about to do so , the ram points out that three of them did not fly away . Pleased at finding new friends , he names them Joy , Nellie , and Aranea , but as much as he loves them , they will never replace the memory of Charlotte . </P> <H2> Voice cast </H2> <Ul> <Li> Henry Gibson as Wilbur , a pig who was almost killed due to being a runt . Over time , however , he grows so much that one would never have known he was once a runt . When he learns of his fate of being slaughtered , Wilbur instantly breaks down into tears , until Charlotte tells him that she will do whatever it takes to save him . Wilbur is a friendly pig , but also prone to anxiety . </Li> <Li> Debbie Reynolds as Charlotte A. Cavatica , a spider who lives on a web in a corner of Homer 's barn above Wilbur 's pig pen . She is very loving and motherly , but sometimes grows frustrated at Wilbur 's anxiety issues . At the end of the film , she dies after laying 514 eggs , but three of them decide to stay with Wilbur . </Li> <Li> Paul Lynde as Templeton , a care - free , egotistical rat who lives at Homer 's farm . He helps Charlotte get new ideas for her webs on the condition that he is promised food . At the end of the film , as well as the sequel , he has four bratty children of his own : Henrietta , Lester , Ralphie , and Junior . </Li> <Li> Agnes Moorehead as the Goose , an unnamed goose who is the one that encourages Wilbur to speak for the first time . Her seven goslings later hatch , although there were actually eight eggs ( one was rotten ) . In the sequel , she was named Gwen . </Li> <Li> Don Messick as Jeffrey , a young , undersized gosling whom Wilbur befriends shortly after his birth . He initially lives , eats , and sleeps with Wilbur rather than his mother and siblings . At one point , Avery remarks that he sounds more like a pig than a gosling , which pleases Jeffrey . When Wilbur is loaded into a crate destined for the fair , Jeffrey casually walks in to join him , amusing the humans but they still remove and restrain him nevertheless . International VHS releases show a deleted scene in which Jeffrey is briefly seen riding with Avery in the back of the Arables ' truck , until it stops so Avery can put him down in the middle of the road . Distressed at being separated from Wilbur , Jeffrey tries to catch up with the truck to no avail , leaving him heartbroken . His mother gently directs him to the pond to join his siblings . Despite his previous insistence that they be friends forever , Jeffrey does not reunite with Wilbur when the latter returns from the fair nor does he appear in the rest of the film . </Li> <Li> Herb Vigran as Lurvy , Homer 's farmhand who is the first to notice the messages in Charlotte 's webs . </Li> <Li> Pamelyn Ferdin as Fern Arable , John 's daughter who convinces him to spare Wilbur 's life . </Li> <Li> Martha Scott as Mrs. Arable , Fern 's mother who first tells her of what was going to happen to Wilbur . </Li> <Li> Bob Holt as Homer Zuckerman , Mrs. Arable 's brother and Fern 's uncle . </Li> <Li> John Stephenson as John Arable , Fern 's father . He was about to `` do away '' with Wilbur until she intervened . </Li> <Li> Danny Bonaduce as Avery Arable , Fern 's older brother . </Li> <Li> William B. White as Henry Fussy , a boy of about Fern 's age , whom she soon starts spending time with while Wilbur is at the fair . </Li> <Li> Dave Madden as the Ram , one of the first animals Wilbur meets at Homer 's farm . He is the first to tell Wilbur that it is a pig 's fate to be slaughtered and turned into smoked bacon and ham . Madden also voiced other characters in the film . </Li> <Li> Joan Gerber as Edith Zuckerman , Homer 's wife . She comes up with the idea of giving Wilbur a buttermilk bath . Gerber also voiced Mrs. Fussy , Henry 's stern mother who never lets him have fun . </Li> <Li> Rex Allen as the Narrator </Li> </Ul> <P> Five members of the cast ( Henry Gibson , Paul Lynde , Agnes Moorehead , Danny Bonaduce , and Dave Madden ) had previously appeared on the ABC television sitcom Bewitched ( 1964 - 1972 ) . Hanna - Barbera also animated the opening credits of the show . However , Bonaduce and Madden are better known for their roles on another ABC - TV sitcom , The Partridge Family ( 1970 -- 1974 ) , which was still in production when the film was made . Ferdin and Lynde also both appeared on The Paul Lynde Show , another ABC sitcom created to fill the contract of Bewitched . Bonaduce , Lynde , Gerber , Messick , and Stephenson had previously worked for Hanna - Barbera in their television shows : Lynde appeared in The Perils of Penelope Pitstop ( uncredited ) , Bonaduce and Gerber were stars in Partridge Family 2200 A.D. , and Stephenson and Messick were Hanna - Barbera regulars who regularly lent their voices to many of their shows . </P> <H2> Production </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( August 2015 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> After the studio decided to make the film in 1972 , Joe Barbera visited E.B. White in Maine . White highlighted parts of the book he did not want to change , and parts `` subject to discussion . '' </P> <P> Barbera wrote that Debbie Reynolds called him and said that she was willing to join the project even without being paid . </P> <P> Czech painter Mirko Hanák produced unused artwork of the film before dying of leukemia . </P> <H2> Release </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> hide This section has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( February 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( February 2012 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The film was released to theaters on March 1 , 1973 , by Paramount Pictures in the United States . It had a limited release on

The voice of Templeton in Charlotte's Web was

Who was the voice of templeton in charlotte's web?

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Jurassic Park - wikipedia <H1> Jurassic Park </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the whole franchise . For the film , see Jurassic Park ( film ) . For the novel by Michael Crichton , see Jurassic Park ( novel ) . For other uses , see Jurassic Park ( disambiguation ) . <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Jurassic Park </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Original film series logo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Michael Crichton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original work </Th> <Td> Jurassic Park ( 1990 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Print publications </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Novel ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jurassic Park ( 1990 ) </Li> <Li> The Lost World ( 1995 ) </Li> <Li> Survivor ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> Prey ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> Flyers ( 2002 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Comics </Th> <Td> See the comic books section </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Films and television </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Film ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) </Li> <Li> The Lost World : Jurassic Park ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> Jurassic Park III ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> Jurassic World ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Jurassic World : Fallen Kingdom ( 2018 ) </Li> <Li> Untitled film ( 2021 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Short film ( s ) </Th> <Td> Lego Jurassic World : The Indominus Escape ( 2016 ) Lego Jurassic World : Employee Safety Video ( 2016 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Animated series </Th> <Td> See the cancelled animated series section </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Games </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Video game ( s ) </Th> <Td> See list of Jurassic Park video games </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Audio </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Soundtrack ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) </Li> <Li> The Lost World : Jurassic Park ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> Jurassic Park III ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> Jurassic World ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> Jurassic World : Fallen Kingdom ( 2018 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Miscellaneous </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Theme park attractions </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jurassic Park : The Ride ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> Canopy Flyer ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> Dino - Soarin ' ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure ( 2010 ) </Li> <Li> The Flying Dinosaur ( 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Official website </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> http://www.jurassicworld.com/ </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Jurassic Park is an American science fiction media franchise centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs who escape confinement and terrorize the human characters . It began in 1990 when Universal Studios bought the rights to the novel by Michael Crichton before it was even published . </P> <P> The book was successful , as was Steven Spielberg 's 1993 film adaptation , which led to three sequels , although the third and fourth films were not based on novels as the first two were . Numerous video games based on the franchise have been created by various software developers since the release of the 1993 film . </P> <P> The Jurassic Park Ultimate Trilogy was released on DVD and Blu - ray on October 25 , 2011 , in North America . The first film was re-released in 3D on April 5 , 2013 . Since 1996 , several water rides based on the series have been opened at various Universal theme parks . On June 1 , 2016 , the first three films in the franchise were added to the Netflix streaming service , but were removed on September 1 , 2016 . </P> <P> The fourth film , Jurassic World , was initially scheduled to be released in the summer of 2005 , but was delayed numerous times and was ultimately released in June 2015 . It became the first film that grossed over $500 million worldwide in its opening weekend , and has grossed over $1.6 billion through the course of its theatrical run , making it the fourth highest - grossing film of all time . When adjusted for monetary inflation , however , this film is the second highest grossing in the franchise after Jurassic Park . An animated film , Lego Jurassic World : The Indominus Escape , was released on October 18 , 2016 with the home media release of Jurassic World , alongside a short film , Employee Safety Video . </P> <P> A fifth film , Jurassic World : Fallen Kingdom , is scheduled to be released on June 22 , 2018 . A sixth film , tentatively titled Jurassic World 3 , is scheduled to be released on June 11 , 2021 . As of 2000 , the franchise had generated $5 billion in revenue , making it one of the highest - grossing media franchises of all time . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Novels </Li> <Li> 2 InGen </Li> <Li> 3 Film series <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Feature films <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) </Li> <Li> 3.1. 2 The Lost World : Jurassic Park ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> 3.1. 3 Jurassic Park III ( 2001 ) </Li> <Li> 3.1. 4 Jurassic World ( 2015 ) </Li> <Li> 3.1. 5 Jurassic World : Fallen Kingdom ( 2018 ) </Li> <Li> 3.1. 6 Jurassic World 3 ( 2021 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 Animated shorts <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Lego Jurassic World : The Indominus Escape ( 2016 ) </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Lego Jurassic World : Employee Safety Video ( 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.3 Cast and crew <Ul> <Li> 3.3. 1 Principal cast </Li> <Li> 3.3. 2 Crew </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.4 Reception <Ul> <Li> 3.4. 1 Box office performance </Li> <Li> 3.4. 2 Critical and public response </Li> <Li> 3.4. 3 Academy Awards </Li> <Li> 3.4. 4 Grammy Awards </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Comic books <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Topps Comics </Li> <Li> 4.2 IDW Comics </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Cancelled animated series <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Escape from Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) </Li> <Li> 5.2 Jurassic Park : Chaos Effect ( 1997 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Video games <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Jurassic Park : Operation Genesis </Li> <Li> 6.2 Jurassic Park : The Game </Li> <Li> 6.3 Lego Jurassic World </Li> <Li> 6.4 Jurassic World Evolution </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Theme park rides </Li> <Li> 8 Notes </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Novels ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : Jurassic Park ( novel ) and The Lost World ( Crichton novel ) <P> Michael Crichton originally conceived a screenplay about a pterosaur being cloned from fossil DNA . After wrestling with this idea for a while , he came up with the idea of Jurassic Park . Crichton worked on the idea for several years ; he decided his first draft would have a theme park for the setting and a young boy as the main character . Response was extremely negative , so Crichton rewrote the story to make it from an adult 's point of view , which resulted in more positive feedback . </P> <P> Steven Spielberg learned of the novel in October 1989 while he and Crichton were discussing a screenplay that would become the TV series ER . Before the book was published , Crichton put up a non-negotiable fee for $1.5 million as well as a substantial percentage of the gross . Universal further paid Crichton $500,000 to adapt his own novel . Warner Bros. and Tim Burton , Columbia Pictures and Richard Donner , and 20th Century Fox and Joe Dante also bid for the rights , but in May 1990 , Universal eventually decided on Spielberg making the adaptation . Universal desperately needed money to keep their company alive , and partially succeeded with Jurassic Park , as it became a critical and commercial success . </P> <P> After Jurassic Park was released to home video , Crichton was pressured from many sources for a sequel novel . Crichton declined all offers until Spielberg himself told him that he would be keen to direct a movie adaptation of the sequel , if one were written . Crichton began work almost immediately and in 1995 published The Lost World . Crichton confirmed that his novel had elements taken from the novel of the same name by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle . The book was also an outstanding success , both with professional and amateur critics . The film adaptation , The Lost World : Jurassic Park began production in September 1996 . </P> <H2> InGen ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the novels , the fictional company InGen ( International Genetic Technologies , Inc . ) is based in Palo Alto , California and has one location in Europe . Nevertheless , most of InGen 's research took place on the fictional islands of Isla Sorna and Isla Nublar , near Costa Rica . While the first novel indicated InGen was just one of any number of small 1980s genetic engineering start - ups , the events of the novel and film revealed to a select group that InGen had discovered a method of cloning dinosaurs and other animals ( including a quagga ) using blood extracted from mosquitoes trapped in amber during various periods in time , ranging from the Mesozoic era to the 1800s . Beacham 's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction describe InGen as comparable to another `` sleazy organization '' . Other sources reference the company 's receiving the baby T. rex as an allusion to other exploitative entrepreneurs depicted in King Kong . Ken Gelder describes InGen as `` resolutely secretive , just like the firm in Grisham 's novel '' . </P> <H2> Film series ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Feature films ( edit ) </H3> Jurassic Park ( 1993 ) ( edit ) Main article : Jurassic Park ( film ) Theatrical poster for the 3D re-release of Jurassic Park . <P> Before Crichton 's book was even published , studios such as Warner Bros. , Columbia , TriStar , 20th Century Fox , and Universal had already begun bidding to acquire the picture rights . Spielberg , with the backing of Universal Studios , acquired the rights to the novel before its publication in 1990 , and Crichton was hired by Universal Studios for an additional US $500,000 to adapt the novel into a proper screenplay . Malia Scotch Marmo , who was a writer on Spielberg 's Hook , wrote the next draft of Jurassic Park but is not credited . David Koepp wrote the final draft , which left out much of the novel 's exposition and violence , and made numerous changes to the characters . </P> <P> The film is set on Isla Nublar , the location of the theme park . When an incident results in the death of an employee , Jurassic Park owner John Hammond ( Richard Attenborough ) brings in three specialists to sign off on the park to calm investors . The specialists , paleontologist Alan Grant ( Sam Neill ) , paleobotanist Ellie Sattler ( Laura Dern ) , and chaos theorist Ian Malcolm ( Jeff Goldblum ) are surprised to see the island park 's main attraction are living , breathing dinosaurs , created with a mixture of fossilized DNA and genetic cross-breeding / cloning . However , when lead programmer Dennis Nedry ( Wayne Knight ) shuts down the park 's power to sneak out with samples of the dinosaur embryos to sell to a corporate rival , the dinosaurs break free , and the survivors are forced to find a way to turn the power back on and make it out alive . The film also stars Bob Peck , Martin Ferrero , B.D. Wong , Ariana Richards , Joseph Mazzello , and Samuel L. Jackson . </P> <P> Jurassic Park is regarded as a landmark in the use of computer - generated

The Jurassic Park movies were first released in

When did the jurassic park movies come out?

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Dynastic cycle - wikipedia <H1> Dynastic cycle </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Dynastic cycle ( traditional Chinese : 朝代 循環 ; simplified Chinese : 朝代 循环 ; pinyin : Cháodài Xúnhuán ) is an important political theory in Chinese history . According to this theory , each dynasty rises to a political , cultural , and economic peak and then , because of moral corruption , declines , loses the Mandate of Heaven , and falls , only to be replaced by a new dynasty . The cycle then repeats under a surface pattern of repetitive motifs . </P> <P> It sees a continuity in Chinese history from early times to the present by looking at the succession of empires or dynasties , implying that there is little basic development or change in social or economic structures . John K. Fairbank expressed the doubts of many historians when he wrote that `` the concept of the dynastic cycle ... has been a major block to the understanding of the fundamental dynamics of Chinese history . '' </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 The cycle </Li> <Li> 2 Significance </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Citations </Li> <Li> 4.2 Sources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> The cycle ( edit ) </H2> <P> The cycle appears as follows : </P> <Ol> <Li> A new ruler unites China , founds a new dynasty , and gains the Mandate of Heaven . </Li> <Li> China , under the new dynasty , achieves prosperity . </Li> <Li> The population increases . </Li> <Li> Corruption becomes rampant in the imperial court , and the empire begins to enter decline and instability . </Li> <Li> A natural disaster wipes out farm land . The disaster normally would not have been a problem ; however , together with the Corruption and overpopulation , it causes famine . </Li> <Li> The famine causes the population to rebel and a civil war ensues . </Li> <Li> The ruler loses the Mandate of Heaven . </Li> <Li> The population decreases because of the violence . </Li> <Li> China goes through a warring states period . </Li> <Li> One state emerges victorious . </Li> <Li> The state starts a new empire . </Li> <Li> The empire gains the Mandate of Heaven . </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dd> <Dl> <Dd> <Dl> <Dd> ( The cycle repeats itself . ) </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> <P> The Mandate of Heaven was the idea that the Emperor was favored by Heaven to rule over China . The Mandate of Heaven explanation was championed by the Chinese philosopher Mencius during the Warring States period . </P> <P> It has 3 main phases : </P> <Ol> <Li> The first is the beginning of the dynasty . </Li> <Li> The second is at the middle of the dynasty 's life and is the peak of the dynasty . </Li> <Li> The last period is the decline of the dynasty , both politically and economically , until it finally collapses . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Significance ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( October 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Chinese history is traditionally represented in terms of dynastic cycles . Through its long history , the Chinese have been ruled not by one dynasty , but by a succession of different dynasties . The first dynasty in China to be described in ancient historical records such as Records of the Grand Historian and Bamboo Annals is the Xia , which was succeeded by the Shang , although concrete existence of the Xia is yet to be archaeologically proven . </P> <P> Among these dynasties the Han and Tang are often considered as particularly strong periods , although other dynasties are famous for cultural and other achievements ( for instance , the Song dynasty is sometimes associated with rapid economic development ) . Han and Tang , as well as other long , stable dynasties were followed by periods of disorder and the break - up of China into small regimes . </P> <P> Out of disorder a leader eventually arose who unified the country and imposed strong central authority . For example , after the Han various dynasties ruled parts of China until Yang Jian reunited the country and established the Sui dynasty . The Sui set the scene for the long and prosperous Tang . After the fall of Tang , China again saw a period of political upheaval . </P> <P> There is a famous Chinese proverb expressed in the 16th century novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms that says `` After a long split , a union will occur ; after a long union , a split will occur '' ( 分久必合 , 合 久 必 分 ) . Each of these rulers would claim the Mandate of Heaven to legitimize their rule . </P> <P> Although this well - known dynastic periodization of China is more or less based on traditional Sinocentric ideology , it also applies to non-native rulers who sought to gain the Mandate of Heaven . While most ruling dynasties in Chinese history were founded by native Chinese , there were also non-native or Conquest Dynasties established by non-Han Chinese people beyond the traditional border of central part of China dominated by Han Chinese people ( also known as China proper ) . These include the Yuan founded by Mongols and the Qing founded by Manchus , who later conquered the central part of China and assumed the title of Emperor of China . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> History of China </Li> <Li> Mandate of Heaven </Li> <Li> Social cycle theory </Li> <Li> Kyklos </Li> <Li> Sexagenary cycle </Li> <Li> Dialectic </Li> <Li> Cliodynamics </Li> <Li> Asabiyyah </Li> <Li> Strauss -- Howe generational theory </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Citations ( edit ) </H3> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Edwin O. Reischauer , `` The Dynastic Cycle , '' in John Meskill , The Pattern of Chinese History , ( Boston : D.C. Heath and Company , 1965 ) , pp. 31 - 33 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dynastic cycle , '' in Dillon , Michael ( 1998 ) . China : A Historical and Cultural Dictionary . Richmond , Surrey : Curzon . ISBN 0700704396 . , p. 87 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer , East Asia : The GreatTradition ( Boston , 1960 ) , p. 115 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Fairbank ( 1979 ) , p. 102 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Ching , Frank . Ancestors : 900 Years in the Life of a Chinese Family . New York : William Morrow and Company , 1974 . p 78 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Wills , John E. Mountain of Fame : Portraits in Chinese History . Princeton : Princeton University Press , 1994 - p. 35 </Li> </Ol> <H3> Sources ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Ching , Frank . Ancestors : 900 Years in the Life of a Chinese Family . New York : William Morrow and Company , 1974 . </Li> <Li> Wills , John E. Mountain of Fame : Portraits in Chinese History . Princeton : Princeton University Press , 1994 </Li> <Li> Ch 4 , `` Alien Rule and Dynastic Cycles '' , Fairbank , John King ( 1979 ) . The United States and China . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press . ISBN 0674924355 . , pp. 80 -- 104 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Secular Cycles and Millennial Trends </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dynastic_cycle&oldid=820421764 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> History of Imperial China </Li> <Li> Theories of history </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles containing traditional Chinese - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing simplified Chinese - language text </Li> <Li> Articles needing additional references from October 2014 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> <Li> Use dmy dates from May 2011 </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> 中文 </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 14 January 2018 , at 17 : 36 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

In the dynastic cycle, the right to rule is called the

In the dynastic cycle what is the right to rule called?

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Just Do n't Want to Be Lonely - wikipedia <H1> Just Do n't Want to Be Lonely </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Just Do n't Want to Be Lonely '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Ronnie Dyson </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album One Man Band </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Point of No Return '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> August 1973 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> 7 '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Rhythm and blues , soul </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 3 : 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Columbia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bobby Eli , John Freeman , Vinnie Barrett </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Thom Bell , Stan Vincent , Billy Jackson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Ronnie Dyson singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` One Man Band ( Plays All Alone ) '' ( 1973 ) </Td> <Td> `` Just Do n't Want to Be Lonely '' ( 1973 ) </Td> <Td> `` We Can Make It Last Forever '' ( 1974 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` One Man Band ( Plays All Alone ) '' ( 1973 ) </Td> <Td> `` Just Do n't Want to Be Lonely '' ( 1973 ) </Td> <Td> `` We Can Make It Last Forever '' ( 1974 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Just Do n't Want to Be Lonely '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by The Main Ingredient </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Euphrates River </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Goodbye My Love '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> January 1974 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> R&B </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> RCA Victor </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bobby Eli </Li> <Li> John Freeman </Li> <Li> Vinnie Barrett </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Just Do n't Want to Be Lonely '' is a song written by Bobby Eli , John Freeman and Vinnie Barrett , originally recorded in 1973 by Ronnie Dyson and popularized internationally by The Main Ingredient . Dyson 's version reached No. 60 in the US Pop chart , No. 30 Adult Contemporary , and No. 29 in the US R&B chart . Its flipside was `` Point of No Return , '' a song written by Tom Bell & Linda Creed . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Chart history </Li> <Li> 2 The Main Ingredient cover <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Chart history <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 Year - end charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Other cover versions </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Chart history ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1973 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Easy Listening </Td> <Td> 30 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Soul Singles </Td> <Td> 29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box Top 100 </Td> <Td> 70 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> The Main Ingredient cover ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Main Ingredient 's version of the song released in 1974 on RCA Victor and reached No. 10 in the US , No. 8 in US R&B and No. 42 in US AC . It reached number seven in Canada . The recording was arranged by Bert de Coteaux . It became a gold record . </P> <H3> Chart history ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Weekly charts ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1974 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canadian RPM Top Singles </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ireland ( IRMA ) </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK ( OCC ) </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Easy Listening </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Soul Singles </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box Top 100 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> Year - end charts ( edit ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1974 ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> 111 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 36 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Cash Box </Td> <Td> 55 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Other cover versions ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Freddie McGregor recorded the song in a reggae version and released in 1987 . Consisted of Robbie Lyn on keyboards , synthesizer and drum programming and Dean Frazer on saxophone . Engineered by Errol Thompson and produced by Donovan Germain . McGregor 's version reached # 9 in the UK . </Li> <Li> In 1996 , Filipino singer Regine Velasquez covered the song for her album Retro . </Li> <Li> Other artists who covered this song include Horace Andy , The Blues Busters , Little John , Marcia Griffiths , Sanchez and Blue Magic . </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Ronnie Dyson - Just Do n't Want to Be Lonely '' . Discogs . Retrieved 22 March 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Ronnie Dyson US albums chart history '' . allmusic.com . Retrieved 2011 - 07 - 01 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn 's Top Pop Singles 1955 - 1990 - ISBN 0 - 89820 - 089 - X </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Main Ingredient - Just Do n't Want to Be Lonely '' . Discogs . Retrieved 22 March 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Top Singles - Volume 21 , No. 13 , May 18 1974 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Irish Charts -- Search Results -- Just Do n't Want to be Lonely '' . Irish Singles Chart . Retrieved December 29 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Official Charts , 29 June 1974 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn 's Top Pop Singles 1955 - 1990 - ISBN 0 - 89820 - 089 - X </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles , May 11 , 1974 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bac-lac.gc.ca </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Musicoutfitters.com </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Cash Box Year - End Charts : Top 100 Pop Singles , December 28 , 1974 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ UK Official Charts , 20 June 1987 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Marcia Griffiths - I Just Do n't Want to Be Lonely '' . www.allmusic.com . Allmusic . Retrieved 27 July 2015 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Ronnie Dyson </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> One Man Band </Li> <Li> The More You Do It </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Singles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` ( If You Let Me Make Love to You Then ) Why Ca n't I Touch You ? '' </Li> <Li> `` Just Do n't Want to Be Lonely '' </Li> <Li> `` All Over Your Face '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cover Songs </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` A Song for You '' </Li> <Li> `` Girl Do n't Come '' </Li> <Li> `` Jive Talkin ' '' </Li> <Li> `` Love Wo n't Let Me Wait '' </Li> <Li> `` Something '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Just_Don%27t_Want_to_Be_Lonely&oldid=817917692 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1973 songs </Li> <Li> 1973 singles </Li> <Li> Songs written by Vinnie Barrett </Li> <Li> Songs written by Bobby Eli </Li> <Li> Ronnie Dyson songs </Li> <Li> The Main Ingredient ( band ) songs </Li> <Li> Blue Magic ( band ) songs </Li> <Li> Columbia Records singles </Li> <Li> RCA Victor singles </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> <Li> Singlechart usages for Ireland2 </Li> <Li> Singlechart called without artist </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 31 December 2017 , at 09 : 06 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The song "I Don't Want to Be Lonely" is sung by

Who sings i don't want to be lonely?

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George B. McClellan - wikipedia <H1> George B. McClellan </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other people with the same name , see George McClellan ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> George B. McClellan </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> 1861 photograph by Mathew Brady </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 24th Governor of New Jersey </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> In office January 15 , 1878 -- January 18 , 1881 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Preceded by </Th> <Td> Joseph D. Bedle </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Succeeded by </Th> <Td> George C. Ludlow </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 4th Commanding General of the United States Army </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> In office November 1 , 1861 -- March 11 , 1862 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Preceded by </Th> <Td> Winfield Scott </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Succeeded by </Th> <Td> Henry Halleck </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Personal details </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> George Brinton McClellan ( 1826 - 12 - 03 ) December 3 , 1826 Philadelphia , Pennsylvania </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> October 29 , 1885 ( 1885 - 10 - 29 ) ( aged 58 ) Orange , New Jersey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Political party </Th> <Td> Democratic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Mary Ellen Marcy ( `` Nelly '' ) McClellan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Parents </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> George McClellan </Li> <Li> Mary ( Brinton ) McClellan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alma mater </Th> <Td> United States Military Academy , West Point , New York </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Profession </Th> <Td> Soldier ( General ) Politician </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Signature </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Military service </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Nickname ( s ) </Th> <Td> Little Mac The Young Napoleon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Allegiance </Th> <Td> United States Union </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Service / branch </Th> <Td> United States Army Union Army </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years of service </Th> <Td> 1846 -- 1857 1861 -- 1864 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Rank </Th> <Td> Major General </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Commands </Th> <Td> Department of the Ohio Army of the Potomac </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Battles / wars </Th> <Td> <P> Mexican -- American War ( 1846 - 1848 ) American Civil War ( 1861 - 1865 ) </P> <Ul> <Li> Battle of Rich Mountain </Li> <Li> Peninsula Campaign <Ul> <Li> Seven Days Battles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Maryland Campaign <Ul> <Li> Battle of South Mountain </Li> <Li> Battle of Antietam </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> A portion of the Julian Scott portrait of McClellan in the National Portrait Gallery in Washington , D.C. <P> George Brinton McClellan ( December 3 , 1826 -- October 29 , 1885 ) was an American soldier , civil engineer , railroad executive , and politician . A graduate of West Point , McClellan served with distinction during the Mexican -- American War ( 1846 - 1848 ) , and later left the Army to work in railroads until the outbreak of the American Civil War ( 1861 - 1865 ) . Early in the war , McClellan was appointed to the rank of major general and played an important role in raising a well - trained and organized army , which would become the Army of the Potomac in the Eastern Theater ; he served a brief period ( November 1861 to March 1862 ) as general - in - chief of the United States Army / Union Army . Although McClellan was meticulous in his planning and preparations , these very characteristics hampered his ability to challenge aggressive opponents in a fast - moving battlefield environment . He chronically overestimated the strength of enemy units and was reluctant to apply principles of mass , frequently leaving large portions of his army unengaged at decisive points . </P> <P> McClellan organized and led the Union army in the Peninsula Campaign in southeastern Virginia from March through July 1862 . It was the first large - scale offensive in the Eastern Theater . Making an amphibious clockwise turning movement around the Confederate States Army in northern Virginia , McClellan 's forces turned west to move up the Virginia Peninsula , between the James and York Rivers landing from the Chesapeake Bay , with the Confederate capital , Richmond , as their objective . Initially , McClellan was somewhat successful against the equally cautious General Joseph E. Johnston , but the military emergence of General Robert E. Lee to command the Army of Northern Virginia turned the subsequent Seven Days Battles into a partial Union defeat . </P> <P> General McClellan failed to maintain the trust of 16th President Abraham Lincoln . He did not trust his commander - in - chief and was privately derisive of him . He was removed from command in November after failing to decisively pursue Lee 's Army following the tactically inconclusive but strategic Union victory at the Battle of Antietam outside Sharpsburg , Maryland and never received another field command . McClellan went on to become the unsuccessful Democratic Party nominee in the 1864 presidential election against Lincoln 's reelection . The effectiveness of his campaign was damaged when he repudiated his party 's platform , which promised an end to the war and negotiations with the southern Confederacy . He served as the 24th Governor of New Jersey from 1878 to 1881 . He eventually became a writer , and vigorously defended his Civil War conduct . </P> <P> Most modern authorities have assessed McClellan as a poor battlefield general . Some historians view him as a highly capable commander whose reputation suffered unfairly at the hands of pro-Lincoln partisans who made him a scapegoat for the Union 's military setbacks . After the war , subsequent commanding general and 18th President Ulysses S. Grant was asked for his opinion of McClellan as a general ; he replied , `` McClellan is to me one of the mysteries of the war . '' </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early life and career <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Mexican -- American War </Li> <Li> 1.2 Peacetime service </Li> <Li> 1.3 Civilian pursuits </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Civil War <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Ohio and strategy </Li> <Li> 2.2 Western Virginia </Li> <Li> 2.3 Building an army </Li> <Li> 2.4 General - in - chief </Li> <Li> 2.5 Peninsula Campaign </Li> <Li> 2.6 Maryland Campaign <Ul> <Li> 2.6. 1 Battle of South Mountain </Li> <Li> 2.6. 2 Battle of Antietam </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 The 1864 Presidential election </Li> <Li> 4 Postbellum years </Li> <Li> 5 Legacy </Li> <Li> 6 Electoral history </Li> <Li> 7 Selected works </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Notes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early Life and career ( edit ) </H2> <P> George Brinton McClellan was born in Philadelphia , the son of a prominent surgeon , Dr. George McClellan , the founder of Jefferson Medical College . His father 's family was of Ulster Scots heritage . His mother was Elizabeth Sophia Steinmetz Brinton McClellan ( 1800 -- 1889 ) , daughter of a leading Pennsylvania family , a woman noted for her `` considerable grace and refinement '' . The couple had five children : a daughter , Frederica ; then three sons , John , George , and Arthur ; and finally a second daughter , Mary . McClellan was the great - grandson of Revolutionary War general Samuel McClellan , of Woodstock , Connecticut . He attended the University of Pennsylvania in 1840 at age 13 , resigning himself to the study of law . After two years , he changed his goal to military service . With the assistance of his father 's letter to President John Tyler , young George was accepted at the United States Military Academy in 1842 , the academy having waived its normal minimum age of 16 . </P> <P> At West Point , he was an energetic and ambitious cadet , deeply interested in the teachings of Dennis Hart Mahan and the theoretical strategic principles of Antoine - Henri Jomini . His closest friends were aristocratic Southerners such as James Stuart , Dabney Maury , Cadmus Wilcox , and A.P. Hill . These associations gave McClellan what he considered to be an appreciation of the Southern mind and an understanding of the political and military implications of the sectional differences in the United States that led to the Civil War . He graduated in 1846 , second in his class of 59 cadets , losing the top position to Charles Seaforth Stewart only because of poor drawing skills . He was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers . </P> <H3> Mexican -- American War ( edit ) </H3> <P> McClellan 's first assignment was with a company of engineers formed at West Point , but he quickly received orders to sail for the Mexican -- American War . He arrived near the mouth of the Rio Grande in October 1846 , well prepared for action with a double - barreled shotgun , two pistols , a saber , a dress sword , and a Bowie knife . He complained that he had arrived too late to take any part in the American victory at Monterrey in September . During a temporary armistice in which the forces of Gen. Zachary Taylor awaited action , McClellan was stricken with dysentery and malaria , which kept him in the hospital for nearly a month . The malaria would recur in later years -- he called it his `` Mexican disease . '' He served as an engineering officer during the war , was frequently subject to enemy fire , and was appointed a brevet first lieutenant for his services at Contreras and Churubusco and to captain for his service at Chapultepec . He performed reconnaissance missions for Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott , a close friend of McClellan 's father . </P> <P> McClellan 's experiences in the war would shape his military and political life . He learned that flanking movements ( used by Scott at Cerro Gordo ) are often better than frontal assaults , and the value of siege operations ( Veracruz ) . He witnessed Scott 's success in balancing political with military affairs , and his good relations with the civil population as he invaded , enforcing strict discipline on his soldiers to minimize damage to property . McClellan also developed a disdain for volunteer soldiers and officers , particularly politicians who cared nothing for discipline and training . </P> <H3> Peacetime service ( edit ) </H3> <P> McClellan returned to West Point to command his engineering company , which was attached to the academy for the purpose of training cadets in engineering activities . He chafed at the boredom of peacetime garrison service , although he greatly enjoyed the social life . In June 1851 he was ordered to Fort Delaware , a masonry work under construction on an island in the Delaware River , 40 miles ( 64 km ) downriver from Philadelphia . In March 1852 he was ordered to report to Capt . Randolph B. Marcy at Fort Smith , Arkansas , to serve as second - in - command on an expedition to discover the sources of the Red River . By June the expedition reached the source of the north fork of the river and Marcy named a small tributary McClellan 's Creek . Upon their return to civilization on July 28 , they were astonished to find that they had been given up for dead . A sensational story had reached the press that the expedition had been ambushed by 2,000 Comanches and killed to the last man . McClellan blamed the story on `` a set of scoundrels , who seek to keep up agitation on the frontier in order to get employment from the Govt. in one way or other . '' </P> <P> In the fall of 1852

The successful commanding general of the northern forces in the Civil War was

Who was the successful commanding general of the northern forces in the civil war?

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Salamis island - wikipedia <H1> Salamis island </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Salamis . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Salamis Σαλαμίνα </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> View of Salamina </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Salamis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Location within the region ( show ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Coordinates : 37 ° 56 ′ N 23 ° 30 ′ E  /  37.933 ° N 23.500 ° E  / 37.933 ; 23.500 Coordinates : 37 ° 56 ′ N 23 ° 30 ′ E  /  37.933 ° N 23.500 ° E  / 37.933 ; 23.500 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> Greece </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Administrative region </Th> <Td> Attica </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Regional unit </Th> <Td> Islands </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Government </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mayor </Th> <Td> Ioannis Tsavaris ( Ind . ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Area </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Municipality </Th> <Td> 96.16 km ( 37.13 sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Population ( 2011 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Municipality </Th> <Td> 39,283 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Municipality density </Th> <Td> 410 / km ( 1,100 / sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Time zone </Th> <Td> EET ( UTC + 2 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Summer ( DST ) </Th> <Td> EEST ( UTC + 3 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Postal code </Th> <Td> 189 xx </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area code ( s ) </Th> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Vehicle registration </Th> <Td> Y </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.salamina.gr </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Salamis ( / ˈsæləmɪs / ; Greek : Σαλαμίνα Salamína , Ancient and Katharevousa : Σαλαμίς Salamís ) , is the largest Greek island in the Saronic Gulf , about 1 nautical mile ( 2 km ) off - coast from Piraeus and about 16 kilometres ( 10 miles ) west of Athens . The chief city , Salamina , lies in the west - facing core of the crescent on Salamis Bay , which opens into the Saronic Gulf . On the Eastern side of the island is its main port , Paloukia , in size second in Greece only to Piraeus , the port of Athens . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Name </Li> <Li> 2 History </Li> <Li> 3 Geography </Li> <Li> 4 Municipality </Li> <Li> 5 Population </Li> <Li> 6 Villages in the municipal unit of Salamina <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Paloukia </Li> <Li> 6.2 Aianteio </Li> <Li> 6.3 Batsi </Li> <Li> 6.4 Kaki Vigla </Li> <Li> 6.5 Agios Georgios </Li> <Li> 6.6 Peristeria </Li> <Li> 6.7 Psili Ammos </Li> <Li> 6.8 Steno </Li> <Li> 6.9 Vasilika </Li> <Li> 6.10 Xeno </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Villages in the municipal unit of Ampelakia <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Kynosoura </Li> <Li> 7.2 Selinia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Culture <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Education </Li> <Li> 8.2 Recreational areas </Li> <Li> 8.3 Sports </Li> <Li> 8.4 Local newspapers and magazines </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Landmarks </Li> <Li> 10 Noted people <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Mythological and ancient people </Li> <Li> 10.2 Modern people </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Twin towns / sister cities </Li> <Li> 12 Gallery </Li> <Li> 13 See also </Li> <Li> 14 References </Li> <Li> 15 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Name ( edit ) </H2> <P> The traditional etymology of Salamis derives it from the eponymous nymph Salamis , the mother of Cychreus , the legendary first king of the island . A more modern theory considers `` Salamis '' to come from the root sal ' salt ' and - amis ' middle ' ; thus Salamis would be the place amid salt water . Some scholars connect it to the Semitic root Š - L-M ' health , safety , peace ' , because of the well - sheltered harbor . </P> <P> From at least the 13th century until the 19th century , the town , the island , and the bay of Salamis were called Koulouri ( Κουλούρι ) , presumably because it was round like the bread called ' koulouri ' . The ancient name was revived in the 19th century . The name Koulouri is still used informally for the town . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Coin of Salamis , 339 -- 318 BC . Obverse : Female head . Reverse : Boeotian shield ( shield of Ajax ) and sword in sheath <P> Salamis is mentioned in Homer 's writings . </P> <P> Salamis was probably first colonised by Aegina and later occupied by Megara , but became an Athenian possession in the time of Solon or Peisistratos , following the war between Athens and Megara around 600 BC . According to Strabo , the ancient capital was at the south of the island ; in classical times it was to the east , on the Kamatero Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Salamis ; in modern times it is on the west . </P> <P> According to Homer 's Iliad , Salamis took part in the Trojan War with twelve ships under the leadership of Ajax ( Aias ) . </P> <P> Salamis island is known for the Battle of Salamis , the decisive naval victory of the allied Greek fleet , led by Themistocles , over the Persian Empire in 480 BC . It is said to be the birthplace of Ajax and Euripides , the latter 's birth being popularly placed on the day of the battle . In modern times , it is home to Salamis Naval Base , headquarters for the Hellenic Navy . </P> <P> The oldest known counting board was discovered on Salamis Island in 1899 . It is thought to have been used by the Babylonians in about 300 BC and is more of a gaming board rather than a calculating device . It is marble , about 150 cm × 75 cm × 4.5 cm ( 59 in × 30 in × 2 in ) , and has carved Greek symbols and parallel grooves . </P> <P> During the German invasion of Greece in World War II , the harbor was bombed by the Luftwaffe on April 23 , 1941 , sinking the Greek battleships Kilkis and Lemnos . </P> <P> In the 1960s and 1970s , during the military junta period , changes in land legislation allowed the subdivision of land plots . This opened the island to massive unplanned and unregulated urban and suburban development , including many weekend homes , especially along the northern and eastern coasts . The lack of corresponding investment in infrastructure , combined with heavy industry , has led to sea and beach pollution on this side of the island . There are , however , ongoing initiatives such as help from the European Union 's Cohesion Fund toward improving sewerage by 2008 . </P> Salamis island map <P> An oil spill occurred off the coast of Salamis Island in September 2017 . </P> <H2> Geography ( edit ) </H2> <P> Salamis has an area of 36 square miles ( 93 km ) ; its highest point is Mavrovouni at 1,325 feet ( 404 metres ) . A significant part of Salamis Island is rocky and mountainous . On the southern part of the island a pine forest is located , which is unusual for western Attica . Unfortunately , this forest is often a target for fires . While the inland inhabitants are mainly employed within the agricultural sector , the majority of Salamis ' inhabitants work in maritime occupations ( fishing , ferries , and the island 's shipyards ) or commute to work in Athens . The maritime industry is focused on the north - east coast of the island at the port of Paloukia ( Παλούκια ) , where ferries to mainland Greece are based , and in the dockyards of Ampelakia and the north side of the Kynosoura peninsula . </P> <P> Salamis Island is very popular for holiday and weekend visits from the Athens and Piraeus area ; its population rises to 300,000 in peak season of which c. 31,000 are permanent inhabitants . This supports a strong service industry sector , with many cafes , bars , ouzeries , tavernas and consumer goods shops throughout the island . On the south of the island , away from the port , there are a number of less developed areas with good swimming beaches including those of Aianteio , Maroudi , Perani , Peristeria , Kolones , Saterli , Selenia and Kanakia . </P> <H2> Municipality ( edit ) </H2> <P> Salamis Island belongs to the Islands regional unit of the Attica region . Since the 2011 local government reform the island is administered as one municipality . Before , the island was divided into two municipalities , that became municipal units at the reform : </P> <Ul> <Li> Salamina </Li> <Li> Ampelakia </Li> </Ul> <P> In the municipal unit of Salamina , which has a land area of 80.992 square kilometres ( 31.271 sq mi ) and a 2011 census population of 31,776 , the chief population centre is the city of Salamina ( also called Salamis , Salamis City or Koulouris , pop . 25,888 in 2011 ) , consisting of the districts Alonia , Agios Minas , Agios Dimitrios , Agios Nikolaos , Boskos , Nea Salamina , Tsami and Vourkari . Its second - largest town is Aiánteio ( pop . 5,888 ) . In the municipal unit of Ampelakia , which has a land area of 15.169 square kilometres ( 5.857 sq mi ) and a population of 7,507 , the largest towns are Ampelakia ( pop. 4,998 ) and Selinia ( 2,509 ) . </P> <H2> Population ( edit ) </H2> <P> As of the mid-20th century , the majority of the inhabitants were Arvanite ; a thing that changed during the past 20 years due to settlement of a lot of Athenians on the island to the degree that nowadays Arvanites are a fraction of the population , living mainly in Salamina town , Ampelakia and Moulki ( Aianteion ) . The island is known in Arvanitika as Κȣλλȣρι ( `` Koullouri '' ) . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Salamina ( town ) </Th> <Th> Salamina ( municipal unit ) </Th> <Th> Salamis ( island ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1981 </Td> <Td> 20,807 </Td> <Td> 25,215 </Td> <Td> 30,402 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1991 </Td> <Td> 22,567 </Td> <Td> 27,582 </Td> <Td> 34,342 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 25,730 </Td> <Td> 30,962 </Td> <Td> 38,022 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 2011 </Td> <Td> 25,888 </Td> <Td> 31,776 </Td> <Td> 39,283 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Villages in the municipal unit of Salamina ( edit ) </H2> Salamis Naval Base Batsi beach <H3> Paloukia ( edit ) </H3> <P> Paloukia ( Greek : Παλούκια , population 1,695 ) is located in the northeast of the island . Many ferryboats , fishing vessels and port police craft dock in this harbor . Paloukia is the base for the port police department of Salamina . Most visitors who come to Salamina first arrive at Paloukia via ferryboats that run between Paloukia and Perama or Piraeus . </P> <P> The area is adjacent to the Salamis Naval Base ( in Greek Nafstathmos ) , which is a major base of the Hellenic Navy . </P> <H3> Aianteio ( edit ) </H3> <P> Aianteio ( Greek : Αιάντειο , population 4,860 as of March 16 , 2011 ) is a large village in the southwestern part of Salamis Island and is named after Ajax , `` King of the Salamis '' , from Homer 's Iliad . The village was known as Moulki ( Μούλκι ) until 1915 . In the region , there are churches from the 11th and 12th centuries such as Saint John and Saint Dimitrios . </P> <P> Interesting places to visit are : </P> <Ul> <Li> the oldest church in the island , Saint John the `` Kalyvitis '' , which dates back to the 10th century and has remarkable hagiographies

Salamis in ancient Greece is located

Where is salamis in ancient greece on a map?

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Send in the Clowns - wikipedia <H1> Send in the Clowns </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the song by Stephen Sondheim . For other uses , see Send In the Clowns ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article contains embedded lists that may be poorly defined , unverified or indiscriminate . Please help to clean it up to meet Wikipedia 's quality standards . Where appropriate , incorporate items into the main body of the article . ( September 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Send In the Clowns '' is a song written by Stephen Sondheim for the 1973 musical A Little Night Music , an adaptation of Ingmar Bergman 's film Smiles of a Summer Night . It is a ballad from Act Two , in which the character Desirée reflects on the ironies and disappointments of her life . Among other things , she looks back on an affair years earlier with the lawyer Fredrik , who was deeply in love with her but whose marriage proposals she had rejected . Meeting him after so long , she realizes she is in love with him and finally ready to marry him , but now it is he who rejects her : he is in an unconsummated marriage with a much younger woman . Desirée proposes marriage to rescue him from this situation , but he declines , citing his dedication to his bride . Reacting to his rejection , Desirée sings this song . The song is later reprised as a coda after Fredrik 's young wife runs away with his son , and Fredrik is finally free to accept Desirée 's offer . </P> <P> Sondheim wrote the song specifically for the actress Glynis Johns , who created the role of Desirée on Broadway . The song is structured with four verses and a bridge , and uses a complex compound meter . It became Sondheim 's most popular song after Frank Sinatra recorded it in 1973 and Judy Collins ' version charted in 1975 and 1977 . Subsequently , numerous other artists recorded the song , and it has become a jazz standard . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Meaning of title </Li> <Li> 2 Context </Li> <Li> 3 Score <Ul> <Li> 3.1 History </Li> <Li> 3.2 Lyrics </Li> <Li> 3.3 Meter and key </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Styles </Li> <Li> 5 Popular success </Li> <Li> 6 Other versions and parodies </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Meaning of title ( edit ) </H2> <P> The `` clowns '' in the title do not refer to circus clowns . Instead , they symbolize fools , as Sondheim explained in a 1990 interview : </P> <P> I get a lot of letters over the years asking what the title means and what the song 's about ; I never thought it would be in any way esoteric . I wanted to use theatrical imagery in the song , because she 's an actress , but it 's not supposed to be a circus ( ... ) ( I ) t 's a theater reference meaning `` if the show is n't going well , let 's send in the clowns '' ; in other words , `` let 's do the jokes . '' I always want to know , when I 'm writing a song , what the end is going to be , so `` Send in the Clowns '' did n't settle in until I got the notion , `` Do n't bother , they 're here '' , which means that `` We are the fools . '' </P> <P> In a 2008 interview , Sondheim further clarified : </P> <P> As I think of it now , the song could have been called `` Send in the Fools '' . I knew I was writing a song in which Desirée is saying , `` are n't we foolish '' or `` are n't we fools ? '' Well , a synonym for fools is clowns , but `` Send in the Fools '' does n't have the same ring to it . </P> <H2> Context ( edit ) </H2> Main article : A Little Night Music <P> Judi Dench , who performed the role of Desirée in London , commented on the context of the song during an interview with Alan Titchmarsh . The play is `` a dark play about people who , at the beginning , are with wrong partners and in the end it is hopefully going to become right , and she ( Desirée ) mistimes her life in a way and realizes when she re-meets the man she had an affair with and had a child by ( though he does not know that ) , that she loves him and he is the man she wants . '' </P> <P> Some years before the play begins , Desirée was a young , attractive actress , whose passions were the theater and romance . She lived her life dramatically , flitting from man to man . Fredrik was one of her many lovers and fell deeply in love with Desirée , but she declined to marry him . The play implies that when they parted Desirée may have been pregnant with his child . </P> <P> A few months before the play begins , Fredrik married a beautiful young woman who at 18 years old was much younger than he . In Act One , Fredrik meets Desirée again , and is introduced to her daughter , a precocious adolescent suggestively named Fredrika . Fredrik explains to Desirée that he is now married to a young woman he loves very much , but that she is still a virgin , continuing to refuse to have sex with him . Desirée and Fredrik then make love . </P> <P> Act Two begins days later , and Desirée realizes that she truly loves Fredrik . She tells Fredrik that he needs to be rescued from his marriage , and she proposes to him . Fredrik explains to Desirée that he has been swept off the ground and is `` in the air '' in love with his beautiful , young wife , and apologizes for having misled her . Desirée remains sitting on the bed ; depending on the production , Fredrik walks across the room or stays seated on the bed next to her . Desirée -- feeling both intense sadness and anger , at herself , her life and her choices -- sings `` Send in the Clowns '' . She is , in effect , using the song `` to cover over a moment when something has gone wrong on stage . Midway through the second Act she has deviated from her usual script by suggesting to Fredrik the possibility of being together seriously and permanently , and , having been rejected , she falters as a show - person , finds herself bereft of the capacity to improvise and wittily cover . If Desirée could perform at this moment -- revert to the innuendos , one - liners and blithe self - referential humour that constitutes her normal character -- all would be well . She can not , and what follows is an exemplary manifestation of Sondheim 's musico - dramatic complexity , his inclination to write music that performs drama . That is , what needs to be covered over ( by the clowns sung about in the song ) is the very intensity , ragged emotion and utter vulnerability that comes forward through the music and singing itself , a display protracted to six minutes , wrought with exposed silences , a shocked Fredrik sitting so uncomfortably before Desirée while something much too real emerges in a realm where he -- and his audience -- felt assured of performance . '' </P> <P> Not long thereafter , Fredrik 's young wife runs away with his son , so he is free to accept Desirée 's proposal , and the song is reprised as a coda . </P> <H2> Score ( edit ) </H2> <H3> History ( edit ) </H3> <P> Sondheim wrote the lyrics and music over a two - day period during rehearsals for the play 's Broadway debut , specifically for the actress Glynis Johns , who created the role of Desirée . According to Sondheim , `` Glynis had a lovely , crystal voice , but sustaining notes was not her thing . I wanted to write short phrases , so I wrote a song full of questions '' and the song 's melody is within a small music range : </P> <Dl> <Dd> <Dl> <Dd> We hired Glynis Johns to play the lead , though she had a nice little silvery voice . But I 'd put all the vocal weight of the show on the other characters because we needed somebody who was glamorous , charming and could play light comedy , and pretty , and to find that in combination with a good voice is very unlikely , but she had all the right qualities and a nice little voice . So I did n't write much for her and I did n't write anything in the second act . </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dd> <Dl> <Dd> And the big scene between her and her ex-lover , I had started on a song for him because it 's his scene . And Hal Prince , who directed it , said he thought that the second act needed a song for her , and this was the scene to do it in . And so he directed the scene in such a way that even though the dramatic thrust comes from the man 's monologue , and she just sits there and reacts , he directed it so you could feel the weight going to her reaction rather than his action . </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> <Dl> <Dd> <Dl> <Dd> And I went down and saw it and it seemed very clear what was needed , and so that made it very easy to write . And then I wrote it for her voice , because she could n't sustain notes . Was n't that kind of singing voice . So I knew I had to write things in short phrases , and that led to questions , and so again , I would n't have written a song so quickly if I had n't known the actress ... I wrote most of it one night and finished part of the second chorus , and I 'd gotten the ending ... ( T ) he whole thing was done in two days . </Dd> </Dl> </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Lyrics ( edit ) </H3> <P> The lyrics of the song are written in four verses and a bridge and sung by Desirée . As Sondheim explains , Desirée experiences both deep regret and furious anger : </P> <P> `` Send in the Clowns '' was never meant to be a soaring ballad ; it 's a song of regret . And it 's a song of a lady who is too upset and too angry to speak -- meaning to sing for a very long time . She is furious , but she does n't want to make a scene in front of Fredrik because she recognizes that his obsession with his 18 - year - old wife is unbreakable . So she gives up ; so it 's a song of regret and anger , and therefore fits in with short - breathed phrases . </P> <H3> Meter and key ( edit ) </H3> <P> The song was originally performed in the key of D flat major . </P> <P> The song uses an unusual and complex meter , which alternates between 12 / 8 and 9 / 8 . These are two complex compound meters that evoke the sense of a waltz used throughout the score of the show . Sondheim tells the story :

The original song "Send in the Clowns" was sung by

Who sang the original song send in the clowns?

560971710217153823

Bigg Boss Tamil - Wikipedia <H1> Bigg Boss Tamil </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Bigg Boss </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Season 1 logo </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Presented by </Th> <Td> Kamal Hassan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original language ( s ) </Th> <Td> Tamil </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 97 ( remaining 3 ? ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location ( s ) </Th> <Td> Chennai </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 90 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> Endemol India </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> 25 June 2017 ( 2017 - 06 - 25 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Bigg Boss Tamil is the Tamil - language version of the reality TV programme Bigg Boss broadcast in India . It follows the Big Brother format , which was first developed by Endemol in the Netherlands . </P> <P> Kamal Haasan hosted the first season of Bigg Boss Tamil launched on 25 June 2017 on Star Vijay . In October 2017 , Bigg Boss Tamil 2 was confirmed by Star Vijay and will be aired in 2018 </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Overview <Ul> <Li> 1.1 The House </Li> <Li> 1.2 Rules </Li> <Li> 1.3 Broadcast </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Eviction </Li> <Li> 3 Contestants Season 1 </Li> <Li> 4 Contestants Season 2 </Li> <Li> 5 Series Details </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Overview ( edit ) </H2> <P> Bigg Boss Tamil is a reality show based on the Hindi show Bigg Boss which too was based on the original Dutch Big Brother format developed by John de Mol Jr . A number of contestants ( known as `` housemates '' ) live in a purpose - built house and are isolated from the rest of the world . Each week , housemates nominate two of their fellow housemates for eviction , and the housemates who receives the most nominations would face a public vote . Eventually , one housemate would leave after being `` evicted '' from the House . In the final week , there will be five housemates remaining , and the public will vote for who they wanted to win . Unlike other versions of Big Brother , the Tamil version uses celebrities as housemates , not members of the general public . </P> <H3> The House ( edit ) </H3> <P> The house is well - furnished and decorated . It has all kinds of modern amenities , but just two bedrooms , living area , kitchen , store room , smoking room , and four toilet bath rooms . There is a garden , pool , activity area and gym in the House . There is also a Confession Room , where the housemates may be called in by Bigg Boss for any kind of conversation , and for the nomination process . The House has no TV connection , no telephones , and no Internet connection . </P> <H3> Rules ( edit ) </H3> <P> They are not supposed to tamper with any of the electronic equipment or any other thing in the House . They can not leave the House premises at any time except when permitted to . They can not discuss the nomination process with anyone . They can not sleep in the day time . </P> <P> Sometimes , the housemates may be nominated for other reasons , such as nomination by a person who has achieved special privileges ( via tasks or other things ) , for breaking rules or something else . If something is very serious , a contestant may be evicted directly . </P> <P> All the rules have never been told to the audience , the most prominent ones are clearly seen . The inmates are not permitted to talk in any other language than the language Tamil . </P> <H3> Broadcast ( edit ) </H3> <P> Bigg Boss Tamil is aired on Star Vijay and also Vijay Super from 9 to 10 : 30 ( IST ) on weekdays and 8 : 30 to 10 ( IST ) on weekends . Everyday 's episodes contain the main happenings of the previous day . Every weekend episode mainly focuses on an interview of the evicted contestant by the host . </P> <H2> Eviction ( edit ) </H2> <P> Contestants are nominated every week by their housemates . Viewers cast their vote in favour of the contestants they would like to save from eviction . Each viewer is entitled to 50 votes per day . The contestant with the least number of votes is evicted from the house . </P> <H2> Contestants Season 1 ( edit ) </H2> <P> Arav ( Nafeez Kizar ) , Oviya ( Helen Nelson ) , Gayathri Raguram , Vaiyapuri ( Ramakrishnan ) , Ganja Karuppu ( Karuppu Raja ) , Shakthi Vasudevan , Sri ( Sriram Natarajan ) , Anuya Bhagwat , Raiza Wilson , Aarathi Ganesh , Ganesh Venkatraman , Snehan ( Sivaselvam ) , Julie marina , Namitha , Bharani , Bindu Madhavi , Kajal , Harish Kalyan and Suja Varunee </P> <H2> Contestants Season 2 ( edit ) </H2> <P> Rakshan ( VJ Anchor ) , manjma mohan ( Actress ) , Ashna Zaveri ( Actress ) , Megha Akash ( Actress ) , Rio Raj ( Actor and Vijay TV Anchor ) , Dheena ( Comedian ) , Gayatri Jayaraman ( actress ) Confirmed so far for Season 2 of Big Boss Tamil ... </P> <H2> Series Details ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Season </Th> <Th> Main host </Th> <Th> Launch date </Th> <Th> End date </Th> <Th> Day </Th> <Th> Winner </Th> <Th> Runner - Up </Th> <Th> Second Runner - Up </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Season 1 </Td> <Td> Kamal Haasan </Td> <Td> 25 June 2017 </Td> <Td> 30 September 2017 </Td> <Td> 100 </Td> <Td> Arav </Td> <Td> Snehan </Td> <Td> Harish </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Season 2 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> 2018 </Td> <Td> N / A </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Kamal Haasan all set to host Tamil Big Boss '' . www.thehindu.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` கமல் தொகுத்து வழங்கும் , விஜய் டிவியின் ' பிக் பாஸ் ' '' . www.vikatan.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Bigg Boss Tamil : Kamal Haasan 's new reality show and its 15 contestants '' . Techie Wheels. 2017 - 06 - 25 . Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 10 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Vijay TV Bigg Boss Online Voting and Missed Call details ; Nomination and Eviction List '' . Techie Wheels. 2017 - 07 - 09 . Retrieved 2017 - 07 - 10 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Bigg Boss Tamil winner at TamilGlitz </Li> <Li> Official Website at Hotstar </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Big Brother </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Africa </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Africa </Li> <Li> Angola </Li> <Li> Nigeria </Li> <Li> South Africa </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Location of different versions of Big Brother . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Americas </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Argentina </Li> <Li> Brazil </Li> <Li> Canada <Ul> <Li> Québec </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Colombia </Li> <Li> Ecuador </Li> <Li> Mexico </Li> <Li> Pacific </Li> <Li> Panama </Li> <Li> Peru </Li> <Li> United States <Ul> <Li> Celebrity </Li> <Li> Over the Top </Li> <Li> Spanish </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Asia - Pacific </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Arab States </Li> <Li> Australia </Li> <Li> China </Li> <Li> India <Ul> <Li> Hindi </Li> <Li> Kannada </Li> <Li> Bangla </Li> <Li> Tamil </Li> <Li> Telugu </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Indonesia </Li> <Li> Israel <Ul> <Li> Celebrity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Philippines </Li> <Li> Thailand </Li> <Li> Vietnam </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Europe </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Albania </Li> <Li> Belgium </Li> <Li> Bulgaria <Ul> <Li> Celebrity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Croatia </Li> <Li> Czech Republic </Li> <Li> Denmark </Li> <Li> Finland </Li> <Li> France </Li> <Li> Germany <Ul> <Li> Celebrity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Greece </Li> <Li> Hungary <Ul> <Li> TV2 </Li> <Li> RTL II </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Italy <Ul> <Li> Celebrity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Lithuania </Li> <Li> Netherlands </Li> <Li> Norway </Li> <Li> Poland </Li> <Li> Portugal </Li> <Li> Romania </Li> <Li> Russia </Li> <Li> Serbia </Li> <Li> Slovakia </Li> <Li> Slovenia </Li> <Li> Spain <Ul> <Li> Celebrity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Sweden </Li> <Li> Sweden and Norway </Li> <Li> Switzerland </Li> <Li> United Kingdom <Ul> <Li> Celebrity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Ukraine </Li> <Li> Turkey </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Virtual </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Second Life </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Programs broadcast by Star Vijay </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Reality show </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Kings of Dance ( season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Mrs. Chinnathirai </Li> <Li> Yes or No ( TV shows ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Soap opera serials </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chinna Thambi </Li> <Li> Mouna Ragam </Li> <Li> Neeli </Li> <Li> Nenjam Marappathillai </Li> <Li> Pagal Nilavu </Li> <Li> Raja Rani </Li> <Li> Saravanan Meenatchi ( season 3 ) </Li> <Li> Tamil Kadavul Murugan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Talk shows </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Neeya Naana </Li> <Li> Samayal Samayal with Venkatesh Bhat </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dubbed serials </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chandra Nandini </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sitcoms & Game shows </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Adhu Idhu Edhu ( season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Kalakka Povathu Yaaru ? ( season 7 ) </Li> <Li> Kalakka Povathu Yaaru ? 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The Bigg Boss Tamil house is located in

Where is bigg boss tamil house is located?

-6366894099372457979

Livewell - wikipedia <H1> Livewell </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Live well '' redirects here . For the television network , see Live Well Network . For the financial services company , see Live Well Financial . <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> A wooden livewell ( container for live bait ) , towed by fishing boat . Exposition in Fisheries Museum in Hel ( branch of National Maritime Museum in Gdańsk ) <P> A livewell is a tank found on many fishing boats that is used to keep bait and caught fish alive . It works by pumping fresh water from the surrounding body into the tank , as well as keeping the water aerated . A rule of thumb for determining the necessitated size of a livewell is that every one inch of fish needs a gallon of water if it is desired to keep the fish alive for a prolonged period of time . </P> <P> Besides size and water circulation , two other key factors of the functionality of a livewell are maintaining proper temperature and removing metabolic waste . Water temperatures should be below 75 ° F ( 24 ° C ) ; ice can be used as a coolant . </P> <H2> Oxygen levels ( edit ) </H2> <P> It is very important to maintain adequate oxygen levels in the livewell . It should be above 5 parts per million . Electric aeration systems are often used to do this . These often work by creating a spray that increases the surface area of the water , or by passing it through a Venturi . </P> <P> A livewell is a box used to transport live aquatic animals ; shrimp , baitfish and mature fish , saltwater or freshwater species . A livewell should be made of materials that are non - toxic to aquatic animals . The shape may be square , rectangular , oval or round . The box may be insulated , portable , have a drain and lid . Maintaining minimal safe water quality standards in livewell water is essential and necessary to insure a safe habitat for all the captive animals during transport . When transporting baitfish , shrimp or mature fish , maintaining dissolved oxygen saturation ( DO Sat ) is the single most important water quality parameter that must be controlled . Livewell oxygen -- injection systems and LOX systems insure O2 enriched livewell water . Pure 100 % compressed welding oxygen is injected into the water with a precision dose adjustable high - pressure oxygen regulator , oxygen tube and diffuser . Commercial and sport fishing oxygen - injection systems are designed to insure 100 % DO Saturation or greater whether the bait or fish load is 1 lb or > 1000 lbs . Minimal safe EPA water quality standards for steady state environments ( rivers , lakes , ponds , etc . ) is 5 ppm DO . </P> <P> Dissolved oxygen is the single most important factor for keeping bass alive , and an understanding of factors that affect oxygen levels will better enable anglers to keep their fish ( aquatic animals ) alive . At a moderate water temperature of 70 ̊ F , 100 percent oxygen saturation is 8.8 mg / l of oxygen , whereas at the higher temperature of 80 ̊ F , 100 percent saturation is 7.9 mg / l . Both of these 100 percent saturation oxygen levels are suitable for keeping bass alive . Without injecting oxygen into the livewell , it is very difficult to supply enough oxygen to keep alive heavier tournament limits . Oxygen injection has long been used by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department ( TPWD ) hatcheries to maintain the health of fish being stocked into reservoirs . Fisheries staff regularly transport or hold fish in ratios equal to or greater than one pound of fish to a gallon of water . However , boat manufactures do not offer oxygen injection system options ... Proper installation and operation of an oxygen injection system will ensure oxygen levels remain above the preferred level of 7 mg / l even when livewells contain heavy limits . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Live Well With Livewells nccoastalfishing.com </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Keeping Bass Alive Livewell Archived 2009 - 08 - 22 at the Wayback Machine . massbass.com </Li> </Ol> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Livewell&oldid=818570172 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Fishing equipment </Li> <Li> Fishkeeping </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Webarchive template wayback links </Li> <Li> Articles needing additional references from March 2014 </Li> <Li> All articles needing additional references </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Dansk </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 4 January 2018 , at 09 : 05 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

A live well in a boat is

What is a live well in a boat?

6207806205046746204

Citizen Kane - wikipedia <H1> Citizen Kane </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Citizen Kane </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Orson Welles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Orson Welles </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Herman J. Mankiewicz </Li> <Li> Orson Welles </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Orson Welles </Li> <Li> Joseph Cotten </Li> <Li> Dorothy Comingore </Li> <Li> Everett Sloane </Li> <Li> Ray Collins </Li> <Li> George Coulouris </Li> <Li> Agnes Moorehead </Li> <Li> Paul Stewart </Li> <Li> Ruth Warrick </Li> <Li> Erskine Sanford </Li> <Li> William Alland </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Bernard Herrmann </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Gregg Toland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Robert Wise </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Mercury Productions </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> RKO Radio Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> May 1 , 1941 ( 1941 - 05 - 01 ) ( Palace Theatre ) </Li> <Li> September 5 , 1941 ( 1941 - 09 - 05 ) ( United States ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 119 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $839,727 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $1.6 million ( 1991 re-release ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Citizen Kane is a 1941 American mystery drama film by Orson Welles , its producer , co-screenwriter , director and star . The picture was Welles 's first feature film . Nominated for Academy Awards in nine categories , it won an Academy Award for Best Writing ( Original Screenplay ) by Herman J. Mankiewicz and Welles . Considered by many critics , filmmakers , and fans to be the greatest film of all time , Citizen Kane was voted as such in five consecutive British Film Institute Sight & Sound polls of critics , until it was displaced by Vertigo in the 2012 poll . It topped the American Film Institute 's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list in 1998 , as well as its 2007 update . Citizen Kane is particularly praised for its cinematography , music , editing and narrative structure , which have been considered innovative and precedent - setting . </P> <P> The quasi-biographical film examines the life and legacy of Charles Foster Kane , played by Welles , a character based in part upon the American newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst , Chicago tycoons Samuel Insull and Harold McCormick , and aspects of Welles 's own life . Upon its release , Hearst prohibited mention of the film in any of his newspapers . </P> <P> Kane 's career in the publishing world is born of idealistic social service , but gradually evolves into a ruthless pursuit of power . Narrated principally through flashbacks , the story is told through the research of a newsreel reporter seeking to solve the mystery of the newspaper magnate 's dying word : `` Rosebud '' . </P> <P> After the Broadway successes of Welles 's Mercury Theatre and the controversial 1938 radio broadcast `` The War of the Worlds '' on The Mercury Theatre on the Air , Welles was courted by Hollywood . He signed a contract with RKO Pictures in 1939 . Unusually for an untried director , he was given the freedom to develop his own story , to use his own cast and crew , and to have final cut privilege . Following two abortive attempts to get a project off the ground , he wrote the screenplay for Citizen Kane , collaborating on the effort with Herman Mankiewicz . Principal photography took place in 1940 and the film received its American release in 1941 . </P> <P> While a critical success , Citizen Kane failed to recoup its costs at the box office . The film faded from view after its release but was subsequently returned to the public 's attention when it was praised by such French critics as André Bazin and given an American revival in 1956 . The film was released on Blu - ray on September 13 , 2011 , for a special 70th anniversary edition . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Pre-production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Screenplay </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Sources </Li> <Li> 5 Production <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Casting </Li> <Li> 5.2 Filming </Li> <Li> 5.3 Post-production </Li> <Li> 5.4 Trailer </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Style <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Storytelling techniques </Li> <Li> 6.2 Cinematography </Li> <Li> 6.3 Sound </Li> <Li> 6.4 Make - up </Li> <Li> 6.5 Sets </Li> <Li> 6.6 Special effects </Li> <Li> 6.7 Music </Li> <Li> 6.8 Editing </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Themes <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Political themes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Reception <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Pre-release controversy </Li> <Li> 8.2 Hearst 's response </Li> <Li> 8.3 Release </Li> <Li> 8.4 Contemporary responses </Li> <Li> 8.5 Awards </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Legacy <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Release in Europe </Li> <Li> 9.2 Re-evaluation </Li> <Li> 9.3 Influence </Li> <Li> 9.4 Film memorabilia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 Rights and home media <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Colorization controversy </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 See also </Li> <Li> 12 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 13 Notes </Li> <Li> 14 References </Li> <Li> 15 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> Favored to win election as governor , Kane makes a campaign speech at Madison Square Garden The affair between Kane and Susan Alexander ( Dorothy Comingore ) is exposed by his political opponent , Boss Jim W. Gettys ( Ray Collins ) <P> In a mansion in Xanadu , a vast palatial estate in Florida , the elderly Charles Foster Kane is on his deathbed . Holding a snow globe , he utters a word , `` Rosebud '' , and dies ; the globe slips from his hand and smashes on the floor . A newsreel obituary tells the life story of Kane , an enormously wealthy newspaper publisher . Kane 's death becomes sensational news around the world , and the newsreel 's producer tasks reporter Jerry Thompson with discovering the meaning of `` Rosebud '' . </P> <P> Thompson sets out to interview Kane 's friends and associates . He approaches Kane 's second wife , Susan Alexander Kane , now an alcoholic who runs her own nightclub , but she refuses to talk to him . Thompson goes to the private archive of the late banker Walter Parks Thatcher . Through Thatcher 's written memoirs , Thompson learns that Kane 's childhood began in poverty in Colorado . </P> <P> In 1871 , after a gold mine is discovered on her property , Kane 's mother Mary Kane sends Charles away to live with Thatcher so that he would be properly educated . It is also implied that Kane 's father could be violent towards his son and that is another reason she would like to send him away . While Thatcher and Charles ' parents discuss arrangements inside , the young Kane plays happily with a sled in the snow outside his parents ' boarding - house and protests being sent to live with Thatcher . Furious at the prospect of exile from his own family to live with a man he does not know , the boy strikes Thatcher with his sled and attempts to run away . </P> <P> Years later , after gaining full control over his trust fund at the age of 25 , Kane enters the newspaper business and embarks on a career of yellow journalism . He takes control of the New York Inquirer and starts publishing scandalous articles that attack Thatcher 's business interests . After the stock market crash in 1929 , Kane is forced to sell controlling interest of his newspaper empire to Thatcher . </P> <P> Back in the present , Thompson interviews Kane 's personal business manager , Mr. Bernstein . Bernstein recalls how Kane hired the best journalists available to build the Inquirer 's circulation . Kane rose to power by successfully manipulating public opinion regarding the Spanish -- American War and marrying Emily Norton , the niece of a President of the United States . </P> <P> Thompson interviews Kane 's estranged best friend , Jedediah Leland , in a retirement home . Leland recalls how Kane 's marriage to Emily disintegrates more and more over the years , and he begins an affair with amateur singer Susan Alexander while he is running for Governor of New York . Both his wife and his political opponent discover the affair and the public scandal ends his political career . Kane marries Susan and forces her into a humiliating operatic career for which she has neither the talent nor the ambition . </P> <P> Back in the present , Susan now consents to an interview with Thompson , and recalls her failed opera career . Kane finally allows her to abandon her singing career after she attempts suicide . After years spent dominated by Kane and living in isolation at Xanadu , Susan leaves Kane . Kane 's butler Raymond recounts that , after Susan leaves him , Kane begins violently destroying the contents of her bedroom . He suddenly calms down when he sees a snow globe and says , `` Rosebud '' . </P> <P> Back at Xanadu , Kane 's belongings are being cataloged or discarded . Thompson concludes that he is unable to solve the mystery and that the meaning of Kane 's last word will forever remain an enigma . As the film ends , the camera reveals that `` Rosebud '' is the trade name of the sled on which the eight - year - old Kane was playing on the day that he was taken from his home in Colorado . Thought to be junk by Xanadu 's staff , the sled is burned in a furnace . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> Harry Shannon , George Coulouris and Agnes Moorehead Joseph Cotten , Orson Welles and Everett Sloane Dorothy Comingore and Orson Welles Ray Collins , Dorothy Comingore , Orson Welles and Ruth Warrick <P> The beginning of the film 's ending credits state that `` Most of the principal actors in Citizen Kane are new to motion pictures . The Mercury Theatre is proud to introduce them . '' The cast is listed in the following order : </P> <Ul> <Li> Joseph Cotten as Jedediah Leland , Kane 's best friend and a reporter for The Inquirer . Cotten also appears ( hidden in darkness ) in the News on the March screening room . </Li> <Li> Dorothy Comingore as Susan Alexander Kane , Kane 's mistress and second wife . </Li> <Li> Agnes Moorehead as Mary Kane , Kane 's mother . </Li> <Li> Ruth Warrick as Emily Monroe Norton Kane , Kane 's first wife . </Li> <Li> Ray Collins as Jim W. Gettys , Kane 's political rival and the incumbent governor of New York . </Li> <Li> Erskine Sanford as Herbert Carter , editor of The Inquirer . Sanford also appears ( hidden in darkness ) in the News on the March screening room . </Li> <Li> Everett Sloane as Mr. Bernstein , Kane 's friend and employee at The Inquirer . </Li> <Li> William Alland as Jerry Thompson , a reporter for News on the March . Alland also voices the narrator of the News on the March newsreel . </Li> <Li> Paul Stewart as Raymond , Kane 's butler . </Li> <Li> George Coulouris as Walter Parks Thatcher , a banker who becomes Kane 's legal guardian . </Li> <Li> Fortunio Bonanova as Signor Matiste , vocal coach of Susan Alexander Kane . </Li> <Li> Gus Schilling as John , headwaiter at the El Rancho nightclub . Schilling

The movie Citizen Kane was

Who was the movie citizen kane based on?

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RMS Titanic - wikipedia <H1> RMS Titanic </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Titanic '' redirects here . For the film by James Cameron , see Titanic ( 1997 film ) . For other uses , see Titanic ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> RMS Titanic departing Southampton on 10 April 1912 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> History </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> United Kingdom </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Name : </Td> <Td> RMS Titanic </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Owner : </Td> <Td> White Star Line </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Port of registry : </Td> <Td> Liverpool , UK </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Route : </Td> <Td> Southampton to New York City </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ordered : </Td> <Td> 17 September 1908 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Builder : </Td> <Td> Harland and Wolff , Belfast </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cost : </Td> <Td> GB £ 1.5 million ( $300 million in 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Yard number : </Td> <Td> 401 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Laid down : </Td> <Td> 31 March 1909 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Launched : </Td> <Td> 31 May 1911 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Completed : </Td> <Td> 2 April 1912 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Maiden voyage : </Td> <Td> 10 April 1912 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> In service : </Td> <Td> 10 -- 15 April 1912 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Identification : </Td> <Td> Radio call sign `` MGY '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Fate : </Td> <Td> Hit an iceberg 11 : 40 p.m. ( ship 's time ) 14 April 1912 on her maiden voyage and sank 2 h 40 min later on 15 April 1912 ; 106 years ago ( 1912 - 04 - 15 ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Status : </Td> <Td> Wreck </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> General characteristics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Class and type : </Td> <Td> Olympic - class ocean liner </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Tonnage : </Td> <Td> 46,328 GRT </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Displacement : </Td> <Td> 52,310 tons </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Length : </Td> <Td> 882 ft 9 in ( 269.1 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Beam : </Td> <Td> 92 ft 6 in ( 28.2 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Height : </Td> <Td> 175 ft ( 53.3 m ) ( keel to top of funnels ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Draught : </Td> <Td> 34 ft 7 in ( 10.5 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Depth : </Td> <Td> 64 ft 6 in ( 19.7 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Decks : </Td> <Td> 9 ( A -- G ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Installed power : </Td> <Td> 24 double - ended and five single - ended boilers feeding two reciprocating steam engines for the wing propellers , and a low - pressure turbine for the centre propeller ; output : 46,000 HP </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Propulsion : </Td> <Td> Two three - blade wing propellers and one four - blade centre propeller </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Speed : </Td> <Td> Cruising : 21 kn ( 39 km / h ; 24 mph ) . Max : 24 kn ( 44 km / h ; 28 mph ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Capacity : </Td> <Td> Passengers : 2,435 , crew : 892 . Total : 3,327 ( or 3,547 according to other sources ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Notes : </Td> <Td> Lifeboats : 20 ( sufficient for 1,178 people ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> RMS Titanic ( / taɪˈtænɪk / ) was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early hours of 15 April 1912 , after colliding with an iceberg during its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City . There were an estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard , and more than 1,500 died , making it one of the deadliest commercial peacetime maritime disasters in modern history . RMS Titanic was the largest ship afloat at the time it entered service and was the second of three Olympic - class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line . It was built by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast . Thomas Andrews , her architect , died in the disaster . </P> <P> Titanic was under the command of Edward Smith , who also went down with the ship . The ocean liner carried some of the wealthiest people in the world , as well as hundreds of emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland , Scandinavia and elsewhere throughout Europe who were seeking a new life in the United States . The first - class accommodation was designed to be the pinnacle of comfort and luxury , with an on - board gymnasium , swimming pool , libraries , high - class restaurants and opulent cabins . A high - powered radiotelegraph transmitter was available for sending passenger `` marconigrams '' and for the ship 's operational use . Although Titanic had advanced safety features such as watertight compartments and remotely activated watertight doors , Titanic only carried enough lifeboats for 1,178 people -- about half the number on board , and one third of her total capacity -- due to outdated maritime safety regulations . The ship carried 16 lifeboat davits which could lower three lifeboats each , for a total of 48 boats . However , Titanic carried only a total of 20 lifeboats , four of which were collapsible and proved hard to launch during the sinking . </P> <P> After leaving Southampton on 10 April 1912 , Titanic called at Cherbourg in France and Queenstown ( now Cobh ) in Ireland before heading west to New York . On 14 April , four days into the crossing and about 375 miles ( 600 km ) south of Newfoundland , she hit an iceberg at 11 : 40 p.m. ship 's time . The collision caused the hull plates to buckle inwards along her starboard ( right ) side and opened five of her sixteen watertight compartments to the sea ; she could only survive four flooding . Meanwhile , passengers and some crew members were evacuated in lifeboats , many of which were launched only partially loaded . A disproportionate number of men were left aboard because of a `` women and children first '' protocol for loading lifeboats . At 2 : 20 a.m. , she broke apart and foundered with well over one thousand people still aboard . Just under two hours after Titanic sank , the Cunard liner RMS Carpathia arrived and brought aboard an estimated 705 survivors . </P> <P> The disaster was met with worldwide shock and outrage at the huge loss of life and the regulatory and operational failures that led to it . Public inquiries in Britain and the United States led to major improvements in maritime safety . One of their most important legacies was the establishment in 1914 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea ( SOLAS ) , which still governs maritime safety today . Additionally , several new wireless regulations were passed around the world in an effort to learn from the many missteps in wireless communications -- which could have saved many more passengers . </P> <P> The wreck of Titanic was discovered in 1985 ( more than 70 years after the disaster ) , and remains on the seabed . The ship was split in two and is gradually disintegrating at a depth of 12,415 feet ( 3,784 m ) . Thousands of artefacts have been recovered and displayed at museums around the world . Titanic has become one of the most famous ships in history ; her memory is kept alive by numerous works of popular culture , including books , folk songs , films , exhibits , and memorials . Titanic is the second largest ocean liner wreck in the world , only beaten by her sister HMHS Britannic , the largest ever sunk . The final survivor of the sinking , Millvina Dean , aged two months at the time , died in 2009 at the age of 97 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Dimensions and layout </Li> <Li> 3 Features <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Power </Li> <Li> 3.2 Technology <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Watertight compartments and funnels </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Rudder and steering engines </Li> <Li> 3.2. 3 Water , ventilation and heating </Li> <Li> 3.2. 4 Radio communications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.3 Passenger facilities </Li> <Li> 3.4 Mail and cargo </Li> <Li> 3.5 Lifeboats </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Building and preparing the ship <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Construction , launch and fitting - out </Li> <Li> 4.2 Sea trials </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Maiden voyage <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Crew </Li> <Li> 5.2 Passengers </Li> <Li> 5.3 Collecting passengers </Li> <Li> 5.4 Atlantic crossing </Li> <Li> 5.5 Sinking </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Aftermath of sinking <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Arrival of Carpathia in New York </Li> <Li> 6.2 Insurance and aid for survivors </Li> <Li> 6.3 Investigations into the disaster <Ul> <Li> 6.3. 1 Role of the SS Californian </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6.4 Survivors and victims </Li> <Li> 6.5 Retrieval and burial of the dead </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Wreck </Li> <Li> 8 Legacy <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Safety </Li> <Li> 8.2 Cultural <Ul> <Li> 8.2. 1 Significance in Northern Ireland </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Appendix </Li> <Li> 10 Titanic replicas </Li> <Li> 11 See also </Li> <Li> 12 Notes </Li> <Li> 13 References </Li> <Li> 14 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 15 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background </H2> <P> The name Titanic was derived from Greek mythology and meant gigantic . Built in Belfast , Ireland , in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( as it was then known ) , the RMS Titanic was the second of the three Olympic - class ocean liners -- the first was the RMS Olympic and the third was the HMHS Britannic . They were by far the largest vessels of the British shipping company White Star Line 's fleet , which comprised 29 steamers and tenders in 1912 . The three ships had their genesis in a discussion in mid-1907 between the White Star Line 's chairman , J. Bruce Ismay , and the American financier J.P. Morgan , who controlled the White Star Line 's parent corporation , the International Mercantile Marine Co . ( IMM ) . </P> <P> The White Star Line faced an increasing challenge from its main rivals Cunard , which had recently launched the Lusitania and the Mauretania -- the fastest passenger ships then in service -- and the German lines Hamburg America and Norddeutscher Lloyd . Ismay preferred to compete on size rather than speed and proposed to commission a new class of liners that would be larger than anything that had gone before as well as being the last word in comfort and luxury . The company sought an upgrade in their fleet primarily in response to the Cunard giants but also to replace their oldest pair of passenger ships still in service , being the SS Teutonic of 1889 and SS Majestic of 1890 . Teutonic was replaced by Olympic while Majestic was replaced by Titanic . Majestic would be brought back into her old spot on White Star 's New York service after Titanic 's loss . </P> <P> The ships were constructed by the Belfast shipbuilders Harland and Wolff , who had a long - established relationship with the White Star Line dating back to 1867 . Harland and Wolff were given a great deal of latitude in designing ships for the White Star Line ; the usual approach was for the latter to sketch out a general concept which the former would take away and turn into a ship design . Cost considerations were relatively low on the agenda and Harland and Wolff was authorised to spend what it needed on the ships , plus a five percent profit margin . In the case of the Olympic - class ships , a cost of £ 3 million

The iceberg that the Titanic hit was located

Where was the iceberg that the titanic hit?

-6656001676709758921

List of Beyblade Burst Super Z episodes - wikipedia <H1> List of Beyblade Burst Super Z episodes </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> Beyblade Burst Super Z is the 2018 sequel to the anime television series Beyblade Burst . It was adapted by OLM and began airing in all TXN stations in Japan on April 2 , 2018 . The opening theme is `` Chouzetsu Muteki Blader ! '' while the ending is `` BEY - POP '' . </P> <H2> Episodes ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> English title / Translated title </Th> <Th> Original airdate </Th> <Th> English airdate </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 01 </Th> <Td> `` This is a Transcended Bey ! ! '' `` Kore ga Chōzetsu Bei da ! ! '' ( これが 超 ゼツベイ だ ! ! ) </Td> <Td> April 2 , 2018 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="4"> Valt is lost in a jungle where he meets a small boy named Aiga who save both him and his bey , Valtryek from falling . Both introduce each other and Valt follows Aiga to his farmhouse . Aiga reveals that his family makes metal statues . Valt asks Aiga 's father to upgrade his Valkyrie . Valt gets his new Winning Valkyrie and moves for a test . Aiga is impressed with this and wants his own bey . His father rejects him so he decides to do it himself . With the help of his younger sister , he makes Z Achilles using the metal from a metal statue of a warrior . Valt and Aiga have a match where Valt wins with a burst finish . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 02 </Th> <Td> `` Achilles VS Forneus ! ! '' `` Akiresu VS Foruneusu ! ! '' ( アキレス VS フォルネウス ! ! ) </Td> <Td> April 9 , 2018 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 03 </Th> <Td> `` The Duel at Sunset ! ! '' `` Yūhi no Kettō ! ! '' ( 夕陽 の 決 斗 ! ! ) </Td> <Td> April 16 , 2018 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 04 </Th> <Td> `` It 's Decided ! The Z Buster ! ! '' `` Kimero ! Zetto Basutā ! ! '' ( 決めろ ! ゼット バスター ! ! ) </Td> <Td> April 23 , 2018 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 05 </Th> <Td> `` Super Z Showdown ! Valkyrie VS Longinus ! ! '' `` Chōzetsu Taiketsu ! Varukirī VS Ronginusu ! ! '' ( 超 ゼツ 対決 ! ヴァルキリー VS ロンギヌス ! ! ) </Td> <Td> April 30 , 2018 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 06 </Th> <Td> `` The White Tyrant ! A Battle Royale ! ! '' `` Shiroki Bokkun ! Batoru Roiyaru ! ! '' ( 白き 暴君 ! バトル ロイヤル ! ! ) </Td> <Td> May 7 , 2018 </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` ' Beyblade Burst ' Latest News : Series to Return With Third Season Titled ' Chouzetsu ' in April '' . christianpost . Retrieved February 18 , 2018 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Beyblade by Takao Aoki & Takafumi Adachi </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Anime </Th> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Original series ( episodes ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Characters </Li> <Li> Beyblade </Li> <Li> V - Force </Li> <Li> G - Revolution </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Metal series ( episodes ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Characters </Li> <Li> Metal Fusion chapters </Li> <Li> Metal Fusion </Li> <Li> Metal Masters </Li> <Li> Metal Fury </Li> <Li> Shogun Steel <Ul> <Li> episodes </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> BeyWarriors series </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> BeyWheelz </Li> <Li> BeyWarriors : BeyRaiderz </Li> <Li> BeyWarriors : Cyborg </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Burst series </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Burst </Li> <Li> Burst Evolution </Li> <Li> Burst Super Z </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Franchise </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Toys </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Films </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Beyblade : Fierce Battle </Li> <Li> Beyblade : Sol Blaze , the Scorching Hot Invader </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Games </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> DreamMix TV World Fighters </Li> <Li> Super Tournament Battle </Li> <Li> VForce : Ultimate Blader Jam </Li> <Li> Metal Fusion video games </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Beyblade_Burst_Super_Z_episodes&oldid=836571869 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Beyblade episode lists </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> Add links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 15 April 2018 , at 16 : 17 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

Beyblade Burst Super Z is coming out on

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the general measurement for pressure , yet it has slightly different meaning , when talking about fuel pumps . In this context it denotes the speed , at which the pump delivers fuel from the tank to the engine . This is one of fuel pump characteristics . The higher pressure is , the faster fuel flows . </P> Diagram of diaphragm type fuel pump <H3> Plunger - type fuel pump ( edit ) </H3> <P> Plunger - type pumps are a type of positive displacement pump that contain a pump chamber whose volume is increased and / or decreased by a plunger moving in and out of a chamber full of fuel with inlet and discharge stop - check valves . It is similar to that of a piston pump , but the high - pressure seal is stationary while the smooth cylindrical plunger slides through the seal . These pumps typically run at a higher pressure than diaphragm type pumps . Specific designs vary , but in the most common configuration , these pumps are mounted on the side of the injection pump and driven by the camshaft , either directly or via a pushrod . When the camshaft lobe is at top dead center , the plunger has just finished pushing the fuel through the discharge valve . A spring is used to pull the plunger outward creating a lower pressure pulling fuel into the chamber from the inlet valve . These pumps can run between 250 and 1,800 bar ( 3,625 and 26,000 psi ) . Because it is connected to the camshaft , the discharge pressure of these pumps is constant , but the rate at which it pumps is directly correlated to the revolutions per minute ( rpm ) of the engine . </P> <P> Both pumps create negative pressure to draw the fuel through the lines . However , the low pressure between the pump and the fuel tank , in combination with heat from the engine and / or hot weather , can cause the fuel to vaporize in the supply line . This results in fuel starvation as the fuel pump , designed to pump liquid , not vapor , is unable to suck more fuel to the engine , causing the engine to stall . This condition is different from vapor lock , where high engine heat on the pressured side of the pump ( between the pump and the carburetor ) boils the fuel in the lines , also starving the engine of enough fuel to run . Mechanical automotive fuel pumps generally do not generate much more than 10 -- 15 psi , which is more than enough for most carburetors . </P> <H3> Decline of mechanical pumps ( edit ) </H3> <P> As engines moved away from carburetors and towards fuel injection , mechanical fuel pumps were replaced with electric fuel pumps , because fuel injection systems operate more efficiently at higher fuel pressures ( 40 -- 60 psi ) than mechanical diaphragm pumps can generate . Electric fuel pumps are generally located in the fuel tank , in order to use the fuel in the tank to cool the pump and to ensure a steady supply of fuel . </P> <P> Another benefit of an in - tank mounted fuel pump is that a suction pump at the engine could suck in air through a ( difficult to diagnose ) faulty hose connection , while a leaking connection in a pressure line will show itself immediately . A potential hazard of a tank - mounted fuel pump is that all of the fuel lines are under ( high ) pressure , from the tank to the engine . Any leak will be easily detected , but is also hazardous . </P> <H2> Electric pump ( edit ) </H2> A piston metering pump f.e. gasoline -- or additive metering pump <P> In many modern cars the fuel pump is usually electric and located inside the fuel tank . The pump creates positive pressure in the fuel lines , pushing the gasoline to the engine . The higher gasoline pressure raises the boiling point . Placing the pump in the tank puts the component least likely to handle gasoline vapor well ( the pump itself ) farthest from the engine , submersed in cool liquid . Another benefit to placing the pump inside the tank is that it is less likely to start a fire . Though electrical components ( such as a fuel pump ) can spark and ignite fuel vapors , liquid fuel will not explode ( see flammability limit ) and therefore submerging the pump in the tank is one of the safest places to put it . In most cars , the fuel pump delivers a constant flow of gasoline to the engine ; fuel not used is returned to the tank . This further reduces the chance of the fuel boiling , since it is never kept close to the hot engine for too long . </P> Electric fuel pump <P> An advantage of an electric fuel pump is reduced fuel consumption because it does not have the resistance associated with a mechanical drive and because the fuel supply can be monitored more accurately by the electronic control unit ( ECU ) . Pre-delivery of fuel can also be accomplished by an electric fuel pump because it does not depend on engine rpm . Due to this , rapid engine starting can be implemented to conserve gas . This is particularly important in stop - start systems where the engine turns itself off when it senses no use , such as stopped at a stoplight . </P> <P> The ignition switch does not carry the power to the fuel pump ; instead , it activates a relay which will handle the higher current load . It is common for the fuel pump relay to become oxidized and cease functioning ; this is much more common than the actual fuel pump failing . Modern engines utilize solid - state control which allows the fuel pressure to be controlled via pulse - width modulation of the pump voltage . This increases the life of the pump , allows a smaller and lighter device to be used , and reduces electrical load . </P> <P> Cars with electronic fuel injection have an electronic control unit ( ECU ) and this may be programmed with safety logic that will shut the electric fuel pump off , even if the engine is running . In the event of a collision this will prevent fuel leaking from any ruptured fuel line . Additionally , cars may have an inertia switch ( usually located underneath the front passenger seat ) that is `` tripped '' in the event of an impact , or a roll - over valve that will shut off the fuel pump in case the car rolls over . </P> <P> Some ECUs may also be programmed to shut off the fuel pump if they detect low or zero oil pressure , for instance if the engine has suffered a terminal failure ( with the subsequent risk of fire in the engine compartment ) . </P> <P> The fuel sending unit assembly may be a combination of the electric fuel pump , the filter , the strainer , and the electronic device used to measure the amount of fuel in the tank via a float attached to a sensor which sends data to the dash - mounted fuel gauge . The fuel pump by itself is a relatively inexpensive part . But a mechanic at a garage might have a preference to install the entire unit assembly . </P> <H2> Diesel fuel pumps ( edit ) </H2> <P> Diesel fuel pumps operate at a much higher pressure due to the engine 's specs and are usually mechanical pumps such as common rail radial piston pump , common rail two piston radial , inline pump , port and helix , and metering unit design . Radial piston pumps used in cars and trucks are fuel lubricated , this helps with keeping oil out of the high pressure fuel . Oil in the fuel can raise emissions and clog injectors . Many diesel engines are common rail , which means all the injectors are supplied by one pipe full of high pressure fuel supplied by the fuel pump . Common rails dampen the pressure fluctuations when fuel is used by each injector and pumped into the cylinder . Common rails also make it easier for the fuel pressure to be measured by one device instead of one per cylinder . Port and Helix ( plunger type ) high pressure fuel pumps are most commonly used in marine diesels because of their simplicity , reliability , and its ability to be scaled up in proportion to the engine size . </P> <P> Port and Helix type pump </P> <P> Port and Helix pumps are cam driven plunger type pumps that run at one - half engine rpm for four stoke engines and at the same rpm in the case of a two stroke . The pump is similar to that of a radial piston type pump but instead of a piston it has a machined plunger that has no seals . When the plunger is at top dead center , the injection to the cylinder is finished and it is returned on its downward stroke by a compression spring . Because the height of the cam lobe can not be easily changed , the amount of fuel being pumped to the injector is controlled by a rack and pinion device that rotates the plunger allowing variable amounts of fuel to the area above the plunger . Inlet and outlet ports are located on two sides of the pumps cylinder walls allowing fuel to flow through the compression chamber until the plunger is driven up closing the two ports and starting the compression motion . The outlet port feeds back into the fuel tank / settler of the engine . The fuel is then forced through a stop check valve , to prevent backflow to the injector nozzle at pressures that can exceed 18,000 psi . </P> <H2> Turbopumps ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Turbopump <P> Many jet engines , including rocket engines use a turbopump which is a centrifugal pump usually propelled by a gas turbine or in some cases a ram - air device ( particularly in ramjet engines which lack a shaft ) . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Hollembeak , Barry ( 2005 ) . Classroom Manual for Automotive Fuels and Emissions . Cengage Learning . p. 154 . Retrieved June 12 , 2012 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Zahl , Timothy ( 12 July 2016 ) . `` Does My Vehicle Have a Mechanical or Electric Fuel Pump ? '' . CARiD.com . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Judge , A. ( 1965 ) . Modern Smaller Diesel Engines ( Vol. 7 ) . Cambridge , Massachusetts : Robert Bentley Inc . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mollenhauer , K. , & Tschöke , H. ( 2010 ) . Handbook of Diesel Engines . Berlin : Springer - Verlag . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Mollenhauer , K. , & Tschöke , H. ( 2010 ) . Handbook of Diesel Engines . Berlin : Springer - Verlag . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Judge , A. ( 1965 ) . Modern Smaller Diesel Engines ( Vol. 7 ) . Cambridge , Massachusetts : Robert Bentley Inc . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Automotive engine </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Part of the Automobile series </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Basic terminology </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bore </Li> <Li> Compression ratio </Li> <Li> Crank </Li> <Li> Cylinder </Li> <Li> Dead centre </Li> <Li> Diesel engine </Li> <Li> Dry sump </Li> <Li> Engine balance </Li> <Li> Engine configuration </Li> <Li> Engine displacement </Li> <Li> Engine knocking </Li> <Li> Firing order </Li> <Li> Hydrolock </Li> <Li> Petrol engine </Li> <Li> Power band </Li> <Li> Redline </Li> <Li>

A solid state fuel pump works

How does a solid state fuel pump work?

530113058367948452

Antigonon leptopus - Wikipedia <H1> Antigonon leptopus </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Antigonon leptopus </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Scientific classification </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Kingdom : </Td> <Td> Plantae </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( unranked ) : </Td> <Td> Angiosperms </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( unranked ) : </Td> <Td> Eudicots </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> ( unranked ) : </Td> <Td> Core eudicots </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Order : </Td> <Td> Caryophyllales </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Family : </Td> <Td> Polygonaceae </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Genus : </Td> <Td> Antigonon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Species : </Td> <Td> A. leptopus </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Binomial name </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Antigonon leptopus Hook . & Arn . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Synonyms </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Antigonon amabie K. Koch </Li> <Li> Antigonon cinerascens M. Martens & Galeotti </Li> <Li> Antigonon cordatum M. Martens & Galeotti </Li> <Li> Antigonon platypus Hook . & Arn . </Li> <Li> Corculum leptopus Stuntz </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Antigonon leptopus , commonly known as Mexican creeper , coral vine , bee bush ( in most Caribbean islands ) or San Miguelito vine , is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family , Polygonaceae . It is a perennial that is native to Mexico . It is a vine with pink or white flowers ( Antigonon leptopus ' alba ' ) . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Invasive species </Li> <Li> 2 Description </Li> <Li> 3 Uses </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Invasive species ( edit ) </H2> <P> It is listed as a category II invasive exotic by the Florida 's pest plant council . </P> <H2> Description ( edit ) </H2> Habit <P> Antigonon leptopus is a fast - growing climbing vine that holds via tendrils , and is able to reach 25 ft or more in length . It has cordate ( heart shaped ) , sometimes triangular leaves 21⁄2 to 71⁄2 cm long the flowers are borne in panicles , clusted along the rachis producing pink or white flowers from spring to autumn , it forms underground tubers and large rootstocks , it is a prolific seed producer , the seeds float on water , the fruit and seeds are eaten and spread by a wide range of animals such as pigs , raccoons and birds . The tubers will resprout if it is cut back or damaged by frost . </P> A white colored form <H2> Uses ( edit ) </H2> <P> Antigonon leptopus was prepared for consumption by the aboriginal inhabitants of Baja California in a way reminiscent of popcorn . The seeds were toasted by placing them in a flat basket made of flexible twigs torn into several strips and woven to make a solid surface . On top of the seeds they would put live coals , and with both hands they would shake the basket so that the coals come up against the seeds , toasting them but not burning the basket . When the toasting is finished the burned out coals are removed and a major portion of the seeds are burst open exposing a white meal . Afterwards the seeds are separated from the husks from which they have come by dextrously tossing them into the air with the basket , just as wheat is winnowed in Spain . Thus cleaned they would grind and eat the prepared meal . They would also boil it and make fried cakes . </P> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Taxon : Antigonon leptopus Hook . & Arn '' . Germplasm Resources Information Network . United States Department of Agriculture . 2007 - 06 - 06 . Retrieved 2010 - 10 - 21 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Plant List : A Working List of All Plant Species '' . Retrieved May 16 , 2014 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3628552 </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <P> Media related to Antigonon leptopus at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Antigonon leptopus at Wikispecies </P> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Dressler , S. ; Schmidt , M. & Zizka , G. ( 2014 ) . `` Antigonon leptopus '' . African plants -- a Photo Guide . Frankfurt / Main : Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg . </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This Polygonaceae article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antigonon_leptopus&oldid=810569524 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Polygonaceae </Li> <Li> Plants described in 1838 </Li> <Li> Flora of Baja California Sur </Li> <Li> Flora of Chihuahua ( state ) </Li> <Li> Flora of Guerrero </Li> <Li> Flora of Jalisco </Li> <Li> Flora of Michoacán </Li> <Li> Flora of Oaxaca </Li> <Li> Flora of Sinaloa </Li> <Li> Flora of Sonora </Li> <Li> Invasive plant species in the United States </Li> <Li> Polygonaceae stubs </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles with ' species ' microformats </Li> <Li> All stub articles </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Wikispecies </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Asturianu </Li> <Li> বাংলা </Li> <Li> Cebuano </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> Français </Li> <Li> ಕನ್ನಡ </Li> <Li> Kreyòl ayisyen </Li> <Li> Magyar </Li> <Li> മലയാളം </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> ไทย </Li> <Li> Lea faka - Tonga </Li> <Li> Tiếng Việt </Li> <Li> Winaray </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 16 November 2017 , at 02 : 25 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The vine with heart-shaped leaves and white flowers is

Vine with heart shaped leaves and white flowers?

-782889873546878660

Licence to Kill ( soundtrack ) - wikipedia <H1> Licence to Kill ( soundtrack ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Licence to Kill </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Soundtrack album by Michael Kamen </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 1989 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1989 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> MCA Records </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer </Th> <Td> Joel Sill </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Michael Kamen chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Renegades ( 1989 ) Renegades 1989 </Td> <Td> Licence to Kill ( 1989 ) </Td> <Td> Lethal Weapon 2 ( 1989 ) Lethal Weapon 2 1989 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> James Bond soundtrack chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> The Living Daylights ( 1987 ) The Living Daylights 1987 </Td> <Td> Licence to Kill ( 1989 ) Licence to Kill1989 </Td> <Td> GoldenEye ( 1995 ) GoldenEye 1995 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Singles from Licence to Kill </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ol> <Li> `` Licence To Kill '' Released : 1989 </Li> <Li> `` If You Asked Me To '' Released : 12 June 1989 </Li> </Ol> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The soundtrack to Licence to Kill , the 16th James Bond film of the same name , was released by MCA Records in 1989 . </P> <P> Because the usual James Bond composer John Barry ( who had scored almost every film from From Russia with Love onwards ) was not available at the time as he was undergoing throat surgery , the soundtrack 's more upbeat and suspenseful score was composed and conducted by Michael Kamen . </P> <P> Initially Eric Clapton and Vic Flick were asked to write and perform the theme song to Licence to Kill . The theme was said to have been a new version based on the James Bond Theme . The guitar riff heard in the original recording of the theme was played by Flick . </P> <P> The prospect , however , fell apart and Gladys Knight 's song and performance was chosen , later becoming a Top 10 hit in the United Kingdom . The song was composed by Narada Michael Walden , Jeffrey Cohen and Walter Afanasieff , based on the `` horn line '' from Goldfinger , which required royalty payments to the original writers . At five - minutes twelve seconds it is the longest Bond theme . The music video of `` Licence to Kill '' was directed by Daniel Kleinman , who later took over the reins of title designer from Maurice Binder for the 1995 Bond film , GoldenEye . </P> <P> All the instrumental tracks are amalgams of various sequences and musical cues from the film rather than straight score excerpts . The end credits of the film feature the song `` If You Asked Me To '' sung by Patti LaBelle . Though the song was a top ten R&B charter and a minor pop hit for LaBelle , in 1992 , the song was covered by and became a much bigger hit for singer Céline Dion . The track `` Wedding Party '' , used during the wedding of Felix Leiter to Della Churchill , makes reference to the track `` Jump Up '' from the first Bond film , Dr. No . </P> <H2> Track listing ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> `` Licence to Kill '' -- Gladys Knight </Li> <Li> `` Wedding Party '' -- Ivory </Li> <Li> `` Dirty Love '' -- Tim Feehan </Li> <Li> `` Pam '' </Li> <Li> `` If You Asked Me To '' -- Patti LaBelle </Li> <Li> `` James & Felix on Their Way to Church '' </Li> <Li> `` His Funny Valentine '' </Li> <Li> `` Sanchez Is in the Bahamas / Shark Fishing '' </Li> <Li> `` Ninja '' </Li> <Li> `` Licence Revoked '' </Li> </Ol> <P> </P> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ contains the James Bond Theme , originally composed for the Dr. No soundtrack </Li> </Ol> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Outline of James Bond </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Rogers , Jude ( 31 October 2008 ) . `` For your ears only '' . The Guardian . London . Retrieved 24 May 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Walden , Narada Michael ( 2006 ) . James Bond 's Greatest Hits ( Television ) . UK : North One Television . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> James Bond music </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Themes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` James Bond Theme '' ( Monty Norman ) </Li> <Li> `` James Bond Is Back '' ( John Barry ) </Li> <Li> `` 007 Theme '' ( John Barry ) </Li> <Li> `` On Her Majesty 's Secret Service '' ( John Barry ) </Li> <Li> `` Bond 77 '' ( Marvin Hamlisch ) </Li> <Li> `` James Bond Theme '' ( Moby ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Soundtracks </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Dr. No </Li> <Li> From Russia with Love </Li> <Li> Goldfinger </Li> <Li> Thunderball </Li> <Li> You Only Live Twice </Li> <Li> On Her Majesty 's Secret Service </Li> <Li> Diamonds Are Forever </Li> <Li> Live and Let Die </Li> <Li> The Man with the Golden Gun </Li> <Li> The Spy Who Loved Me </Li> <Li> Moonraker </Li> <Li> For Your Eyes Only </Li> <Li> Octopussy </Li> <Li> A View to a Kill </Li> <Li> The Living Daylights </Li> <Li> Licence to Kill </Li> <Li> GoldenEye </Li> <Li> Tomorrow Never Dies </Li> <Li> The World Is Not Enough </Li> <Li> Die Another Day </Li> <Li> Casino Royale </Li> <Li> Quantum of Solace </Li> <Li> Skyfall </Li> <Li> Spectre </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composers </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Monty Norman </Li> <Li> John Barry </Li> <Li> George Martin </Li> <Li> Marvin Hamlisch </Li> <Li> Bill Conti </Li> <Li> Michael Kamen </Li> <Li> Éric Serra </Li> <Li> David Arnold </Li> <Li> Thomas Newman </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Eon themes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Kingston Calypso '' </Li> <Li> `` From Russia with Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Goldfinger '' </Li> <Li> `` Thunderball '' </Li> <Li> `` You Only Live Twice '' </Li> <Li> `` We Have All the Time in the World '' </Li> <Li> `` Diamonds Are Forever '' </Li> <Li> `` Live and Let Die '' </Li> <Li> `` The Man with the Golden Gun '' </Li> <Li> `` Nobody Does It Better '' </Li> <Li> `` Moonraker '' </Li> <Li> `` For Your Eyes Only '' </Li> <Li> `` All Time High '' </Li> <Li> `` A View to a Kill '' </Li> <Li> `` The Living Daylights '' </Li> <Li> `` Where Has Everybody Gone ? '' </Li> <Li> `` Licence to Kill '' </Li> <Li> `` If You Asked Me To '' </Li> <Li> `` GoldenEye '' </Li> <Li> `` Tomorrow Never Dies '' </Li> <Li> `` The World Is Not Enough '' </Li> <Li> `` Die Another Day '' </Li> <Li> `` You Know My Name '' </Li> <Li> `` Another Way to Die '' </Li> <Li> `` Skyfall '' </Li> <Li> `` Writing 's on the Wall '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Non-Eon themes </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Casino Royale '' </Li> <Li> `` The Look of Love '' </Li> <Li> `` Never Say Never Again '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Compilations </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Shaken and Stirred </Li> <Li> The Incredible World of James Bond </Li> <Li> The Best of Bond ... James Bond </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Related articles </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Eon films secondary songs </Li> <Li> Non-Eon films secondary songs </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Licence to Kill </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Actors </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Timothy Dalton '' </Li> <Li> `` Carey Lowell '' </Li> <Li> `` Robert Davi '' </Li> <Li> `` Talisa Soto '' </Li> <Li> `` Anthony Zerbe '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Licence to Kill '' </Li> <Li> `` If You Asked Me To '' </Li> <Li> soundtrack </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tie - ins </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 007 : Licence to Kill </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Licence_to_Kill_(soundtrack)&oldid=805579531 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Soundtrack albums from James Bond films </Li> <Li> Licence to Kill </Li> <Li> Film soundtracks </Li> <Li> 1989 soundtracks </Li> <Li> MCA Records soundtracks </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Music infoboxes with deprecated parameters </Li> <Li> Articles with hAudio microformats </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> ქართული </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 16 October 2017 , at 09 : 02 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The theme song for the James Bond movie "License to Kill" was sung by

Who sang theme song for license to kill?

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Lakh - wikipedia <H1> Lakh </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <P> A lakh ( / læk , lɑːk / ; abbreviated L ; sometimes written Lac or Lacs ) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand ( 100,000 ; scientific notation : 10 ) . In the Indian convention of digit grouping , it is written as 1 , 00,000 . For example , in India 150,000 rupees becomes 1.5 lakh rupees , written as ₹ 1 , 50,000 or INR 1 , 50,000 . </P> <P> It is widely used both in official and other contexts in Bangladesh , Bhutan , India , Myanmar , Nepal , Pakistan , and Sri Lanka . It is often used in Indian , Pakistani , and Sri Lankan English . In Pakistan , the word lakh is used mostly in local languages rather than in English media . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Usage <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Money </Li> <Li> 1.2 Silver market </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Etymology and regional variants <Ul> <Li> 2.1 South Asian languages </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 See also </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Usage ( edit ) </H2> <P> In Indian English , the word is used both as an attributive and non-attributive noun , and with either a marked ( `` - s '' ) or unmarked plural , as in : `` 1 lakh people '' or `` 1 lakh of people '' ; `` 200 lakh rupees '' ; `` 5 lakh of rupees '' ; `` rupees 10 lakhs '' ; or `` 5 lakhs of rupees '' . In the abbreviated form , usage such as `` ₹ ‍5L '' ( for `` rupees 5 lakhs '' ) is common . In this system of numeration 100 lakh is called one crore and is equal to 10 million . </P> <H3> Money ( edit ) </H3> <P> In colloquial Urdu , especially in the city of Karachi , the word peti ( `` suitcase '' ) is also used to denote one lakh rupees . This originated during the General Zia era , when the largest denomination of currency was the 100 rupee note , and one lakh rupees would fill a small suitcase ( peti as in Bombay Hindi ) . Hence , even after the Zia era , one peti has continued to mean one lakh rupees . </P> <P> The word lakhi is commonly used throughout Tanzania to denote 100,000 shillings and is likely to have entered the Swahili language from Indian and Pakistani immigrants . </P> <H3> Silver market ( edit ) </H3> <P> The term is also used in the pricing of silver on the international precious metals market , where one lakh equals 100,000 troy ounces ( 3,100 kilograms ) of silver . </P> <H2> Etymology and regional variants ( edit ) </H2> <P> The root of the word lakh might be the Pali lakkha ( masculine noun , `` mark , target , stake in gambling '' ) , from which the numerical meaning , `` one hundred thousand '' is derived . Another possible root could be the Sanskrit laksha ( Devanagari : लक्ष lakṣa ) , which has similar meanings in that language . </P> <H3> South asian languages ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Assamese : লাখ lakh </Li> <Li> Bengali : লাখ lakh or লক্ষ lokkho </Li> <Li> Dhivehi : ލައްކަ lakka </Li> <Li> Gujarati : લાખ lākh </Li> <Li> Hindi : लाख lākh <Ul> <Li> Bombay Hindi : पेटी peṭi ( Peṭi refers to a briefcase . That is , the amount of money in ₹ 100 notes that can fit into a briefcase . ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Kannada : ಲಕ್ಷ laksha </Li> <Li> Kashmiri : lach </Li> <Li> Konkani : लाख lākh or ಲಕ್ಷ lakṣa </Li> <Li> Malayalam : ലക്ഷം laksham </Li> <Li> Marathi : लाख lākh or लक्ष lakṣa </Li> <Li> Nepali : लाख lākh </Li> <Li> Odia : ଲକ୍ଷ lôkhyô </Li> <Li> Pashto : لاکھ lakh </Li> <Li> Punjabi : ਲੱਖ / لکھ ‬ lakkh </Li> <Li> Romani : लाख lakh </Li> <Li> Sanskrit : लक्ष lakṣá </Li> <Li> Sindhi : لک ‎ lakhu </Li> <Li> Sinhalese : ලක්ෂ laksha </Li> <Li> Tamil : லட்சம் laṭcham </Li> <Li> Telugu : లక్ష lakṣha </Li> <Li> Tulu : ಲಕ್ಷ laksha </Li> <Li> Urdu : لاکھ lākh </Li> </Ul> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Crore ( = 100 lakh ) </Li> <Li> Myriad </Li> <Li> Names of large numbers </Li> <Li> Names of numbers in English </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Rowlett , Russ ( 2008 - 12 - 15 ) ( 1998 ) . `` lakh '' . How Many ? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement . University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . Archived from the original on 2016 - 07 - 02 . Retrieved 2016 - 08 - 29 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` lakh '' . Oxford English Dictionary ( 1st ed . ) . Oxford University Press . 1933 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Lange , Norbert Adolph ( 1973 ) ( 1934 ) . Dean , John Aurie , ed . Lange 's Handbook of Chemistry ( 11 ed . ) . New York , USA : McGraw - Hill Book Company . p. 3 - 16 . ISBN 0 - 07 - 016190 - 9 . Retrieved 2016 - 08 - 28 . Prefixes for Naming Multiples and Submultiples of Units : ( ... ) The prefix `` myria '' is sometimes used for 10 and `` lakh '' for 10 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gilkes , Paul ( 3 July 2017 ) . `` CME Group / Thomson Reuters step down from executing the London silver fix '' . Retrieved 5 July 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Units of Measure '' . perthmint.com.au . Retrieved 6 September 2015 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Turner , Sir Ralph Lilley ( 1985 ) . `` lakṣá10881 '' . A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo - Aryan Languages . London : Oxford University Press , 1962 - 1966 . Includes three supplements , published 1969 - 1985 . Digital South Asia Library , a project of the Center for Research Libraries and the University of Chicago . p. 629 . Archived from the original on 2012 - 12 - 15 . Retrieved 2010 - 08 - 22 . lakṣá10881 lakṣá masculine ʻ stake , prize ʼ R̥gveda , ʻ mark , sign ʼ Mahābhārata , ʻ 100,000 ʼ Yājñavalkya , ʻ aim ʼ Kālidāsa , lakṣya -- neuter , masculine ʻ aim ʼ Muṇḍ Upaniṣad , ʻ prize ʼ Mahābhārata , ʻ 100,000 ʼ Mahābhārata , . ( √ lakṣ . For derivation from root to become numeral , see Addenda : Pali lakkha -- masculine ʻ mark , target , stake in gambling ʼ ; Oṛiyā lākha , nākha ʻ aim , distinguishing mark ʼ , lācha ʻ brand ʼ ; Gujarātī lāchɔ masculine ʻ burning the feet ʼ ; Marāṭhī lās masculine ʻ mark made by cautery ʼ , neuter . ) </Li> </Ol> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> IINRG , Ranchi . `` Government Organisation '' . </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lakh&oldid=823534131 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Integers </Li> <Li> Units of amount </Li> <Li> Hindi words and phrases </Li> <Li> Urdu words and phrases </Li> <Li> Indian English idioms </Li> <Li> Pakistani English idioms </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> All articles with unsourced statements </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from September 2016 </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from October 2013 </Li> <Li> Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016 </Li> <Li> Articles containing Assamese - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Bengali - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Dhivehi - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Gujarati - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Hindi - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Kannada - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Konkani - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Malayalam - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Marathi - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Nepali - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Pashto - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Punjabi - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Sindhi - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Sinhalese - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Tamil - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Telugu - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Tulu - language text </Li> <Li> Articles containing Urdu - language text </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> বাংলা </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Español </Li> <Li> فارسی </Li> <Li> ગુજરાતી </Li> <Li> हिन्दी </Li> <Li> Íslenska </Li> <Li> Italiano </Li> <Li> Kiswahili </Li> <Li> मराठी </Li> <Li> Nederlands </Li> <Li> नेपाली </Li> <Li> 日本 語 </Li> <Li> Norsk </Li> <Li> ਪੰਜਾਬੀ </Li> <Li> پنجابی </Li> <Li> Polski </Li> <Li> Português </Li> <Li> Romani </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> <Li> Svenska </Li> <Li> Tagalog </Li> <Li> தமிழ் </Li> <Li> తెలుగు </Li> <Li> اردو </Li> <Li> 中文 </Li> 17 more </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 1 February 2018 , at 20 : 57 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The English spelling of the Indian unit of measurement "

What is the spelling of lakh in english?

7538504132348604924

2017 Grand National - wikipedia <H1> 2017 Grand National </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> 2017 Grand National <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Grand National </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Aintree Racecourse </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> 8 April 2017 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Winning horse </Th> <Td> One For Arthur </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starting price </Th> <Td> 1014 14 / 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jockey </Th> <Td> Derek Fox </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Trainer </Th> <Td> Lucinda Russell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Owner </Th> <Td> Two Golf Widows </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Conditions </Th> <Td> Good to soft </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> ← 2016 2018 → </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2017 Grand National ( officially known as the 2017 Randox Health Grand National for sponsorship reasons ) was the 170th official running of the Grand National horse race at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool , England . The showpiece steeplechase over a distance of 4 miles 514 yards ( 6.907 km ) took place on 8 April 2017 , the final day of a three - day meeting . A maximum field of 40 runners competed for a share of a prize fund of £ 1 million . </P> <P> Randox Health is the new sponsor of the main race and the festival itself for the next five years . It was broadcast live on television by ITV for the first time . There was live radio coverage by BBC Radio , which has held the radio rights since 1927 , and by Talksport , which covered the main race live for the fourth time . </P> <P> The race was won by One For Arthur , only the second horse trained in Scotland to win the Grand National ( the other being Rubstic in 1979 ) . One For Arthur was ridden by Derek Fox and trained by Lucinda Russell , and was sent off at odds of 1014 14 / 1 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Race card </Li> <Li> 2 Race overview </Li> <Li> 3 Finishing order </Li> <Li> 4 Non-finishers </Li> <Li> 5 Broadcasting and media </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Race card ( edit ) </H2> <P> A total of 110 entries were received for consideration in the 2017 Grand National and were announced on 1 February 2017 . Among the early favourites were Don Poli , who won three Grade 1 races in the 2015 -- 16 season , and 2016 National runner - up The Last Samuri . The 2015 winner , Many Clouds , who was also among the ante - post favourites , died of a pulmonary haemorrhage shortly before the entries were announced . </P> <P> The weights were announced on 14 February and headed by Lexus Chase winner Outlander , however , trainer Gordon Elliott indicated that he would not run . The top five weighted horses were all Irish - trained , including three by Elliott . One runner ( Otago Trail ) was scratched before the weights were assigned . Ninety - five entries remained after the first scratching deadline on 28 February . Elliott , who had earlier expressed his dissatisfaction with the weights assigned to his horses , withdrew several of his entries , including Outlander , Empire of Dirt and Don Poli , leaving Carlingford Lough as the new top weight . Vieux Lion Rouge , who won the Grand National Trial at Haydock , was now the favourite with the bookmakers , at 12 / 1 . The field was reduced to 79 following the second scratching deadline on 21 March . The five - day confirmation process began on 3 April with 70 horses advancing , following the withdrawal of top - weight Carlingford Lough . The final field was announced on 6 April , including four reserves in case of any withdrawals before 1 pm on 7 April . One of the top 40 horses going into the confirmation stage ( Pendra ) withdrew . There were no further withdrawals before the deadline , leaving the following 40 starters : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No </Th> <Th> Horse </Th> <Th> Age </Th> <Th> Handicap ( st -- lb ) </Th> <Th> SP </Th> <Th> Jockey </Th> <Th> Trainer </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> The Last Samuri ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 11 - 10 </Td> <Td> 1016 16 / 1 </Td> <Td> David Bass </Td> <Td> Kim Bailey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> More Of That ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 11 - 06 </Td> <Td> 1016 16 / 1 </Td> <Td> Barry Geraghty </Td> <Td> Jonjo O'Neill </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Shantou Flyer ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 11 - 05 </Td> <Td> 1050 50 / 1 </Td> <Td> Jonathan Moore </Td> <Td> Rebecca Curtis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> Perfect Candidate ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 11 - 05 </Td> <Td> 1033 33 / 1 </Td> <Td> Paddy Brennan </Td> <Td> Fergal O'Brien </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 5 </Th> <Td> Saphir Du Rheu ( FR ) </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 11 - 05 </Td> <Td> 1016 16 / 1 </Td> <Td> Sam Twiston - Davies </Td> <Td> Paul Nicholls </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 6 </Th> <Td> Roi Des Francs ( FR ) </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 11 - 03 </Td> <Td> 1050 50 / 1 </Td> <Td> Jack Kennedy </Td> <Td> Gordon Elliott ( IRE ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 7 </Th> <Td> Wounded Warrior ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 11 - 02 </Td> <Td> 1033 33 / 1 </Td> <Td> Sean Flanagan </Td> <Td> Noel Meade ( IRE ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 8 </Th> <Td> Wonderful Charm ( FR ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 11 - 02 </Td> <Td> 1028 28 / 1 </Td> <Td> Ms Katie Walsh </Td> <Td> Paul Nicholls </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 9 </Th> <Td> Tenor Nivernais ( FR ) </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 11 - 01 </Td> <Td> 1040 40 / 1 </Td> <Td> Aidan Coleman </Td> <Td> Venetia Williams </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 10 </Th> <Td> Blaklion </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 11 - 01 </Td> <Td> 1008 8 / 1 F </Td> <Td> Noel Fehily </Td> <Td> Nigel Twiston - Davies </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 11 </Th> <Td> Drop Out Joe </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 11 - 01 </Td> <Td> 1033 33 / 1 </Td> <Td> Tom O'Brien </Td> <Td> Charlie Longsdon </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 12 </Th> <Td> Le Mercurey ( FR ) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 11 - 00 </Td> <Td> 1050 50 / 1 </Td> <Td> Sean Bowen </Td> <Td> Paul Nicholls </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 13 </Th> <Td> The Young Master </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 13 </Td> <Td> 1020 20 / 1 </Td> <Td> Mr Sam Waley - Cohen </Td> <Td> Neil Mulholland </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 14 </Th> <Td> Cause of Causes ( USA ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 13 </Td> <Td> 1016 16 / 1 </Td> <Td> Mr Jamie Codd </Td> <Td> Gordon Elliott ( IRE ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 15 </Th> <Td> Regal Encore ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 13 </Td> <Td> 1033 33 / 1 </Td> <Td> Robbie Power </Td> <Td> Anthony Honeyball </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 16 </Th> <Td> Vieux Lion Rouge ( FR ) </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 12 </Td> <Td> 1012 12 / 1 </Td> <Td> Tom Scudamore </Td> <Td> David Pipe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 17 </Th> <Td> Definitly Red ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 12 </Td> <Td> 1010 10 / 1 </Td> <Td> Danny Cook </Td> <Td> Brian Ellison </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 18 </Th> <Td> Ucello Conti ( FR ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 12 </Td> <Td> 1020 20 / 1 </Td> <Td> Daryl Jacob </Td> <Td> Gordon Elliott ( IRE ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 19 </Th> <Td> Double Shuffle ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 12 </Td> <Td> 1033 33 / 1 </Td> <Td> Adrian Heskin </Td> <Td> Tom George </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 20 </Th> <Td> Houblon Des Obeaux ( FR ) </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 12 </Td> <Td> 1050 50 / 1 </Td> <Td> Charlie Deutsch </Td> <Td> Venetia Williams </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 21 </Th> <Td> Pleasant Company ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 12 </Td> <Td> 1011 11 / 1 </Td> <Td> Ruby Walsh </Td> <Td> Willie Mullins ( IRE ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 22 </Th> <Td> One For Arthur ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 11 </Td> <Td> 1014 14 / 1 </Td> <Td> Derek Fox </Td> <Td> Lucinda Russell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 23 </Th> <Td> Ballynagour ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 11 </Td> <Td> 1066 66 / 1 </Td> <Td> David Noonan </Td> <Td> David Pipe </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 24 </Th> <Td> O'Faolains Boy ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 11 </Td> <Td> 1050 50 / 1 </Td> <Td> Paul Townend </Td> <Td> Rebecca Curtis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 25 </Th> <Td> Highland Lodge ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 10 -- 11 </Td> <Td> 1025 25 / 1 </Td> <Td> Henry Brooke </Td> <Td> James Moffatt </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 26 </Th> <Td> Bishops Road ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 10 - 10 </Td> <Td> 1066 66 / 1 </Td> <Td> Jamie Moore </Td> <Td> Kerry Lee </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 27 </Th> <Td> Lord Windermere ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 10 - 10 </Td> <Td> 1033 33 / 1 </Td> <Td> Leighton Aspell </Td> <Td> Jim Culloty ( IRE ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 28 </Th> <Td> Saint Are ( FR ) </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 10 - 10 </Td> <Td> 1025 25 / 1 </Td> <Td> Davy Russell </Td> <Td> Tom George </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 29 </Th> <Td> Vicente ( FR ) </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 10 - 10 </Td> <Td> 1016 16 / 1 </Td> <Td> Brian Hughes </Td> <Td> Paul Nicholls </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 30 </Th> <Td> Just A Par ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> 10 - 09 </Td> <Td> 1033 33 / 1 </Td> <Td> Harry Cobden </Td> <Td> Paul Nicholls </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 31 </Th> <Td> Measureofmydreams ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 10 - 09 </Td> <Td> 1040 40 / 1 </Td> <Td> Donagh Meyler </Td> <Td> Noel Meade ( IRE ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 32 </Th> <Td> Raz de Maree ( FR ) </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 10 - 09 </Td> <Td> 1033 33 / 1 </Td> <Td> Ger Fox </Td> <Td> Gavin Cromwell ( IRE ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 33 </Th> <Td> Stellar Notion ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 10 - 09 </Td> <Td> 1050 50 / 1 </Td> <Td> David Mullins </Td> <Td> Henry de Bromhead ( IRE ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 34 </Th> <Td> Rogue Angel ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 10 - 08 </Td> <Td> 1020 20 / 1 </Td> <Td> Bryan Cooper </Td> <Td> Mouse Morris ( IRE ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 35 </Th> <Td> Cocktails At Dawn </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 10 - 08 </Td> <Td> 1033 33 / 1 </Td> <Td> Nico de Boinville </Td> <Td> Nicky Henderson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 36 </Th> <Td> Thunder And Roses ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 10 - 07 </Td> <Td> 1025 25 / 1 </Td> <Td> Mark Enright </Td> <Td> Mouse Morris ( IRE ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 37 </Th> <Td> Gas Line Boy ( IRE ) </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 10 - 07 </Td> <Td> 1050 50 / 1 </Td> <Td> Robert Dunne </Td> <Td> Ian Williams </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 38 </Th> <Td> Goodtoknow </Td> <Td> 9

The winner of last year's Grand National in 2017 was

Who won last year's grand national 2017?

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Gulf War - wikipedia <H1> Gulf War </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the war in 1990 -- 1991 . For other wars of that name , see Gulf War ( disambiguation ) . `` Desert Storm '' and `` Operation Desert Storm '' redirect here . For other uses , see Desert Storm ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Gulf War </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Clockwise from top : USAF F - 15Es , F - 16s , and a F - 15C flying over burning Kuwaiti oil wells ; British troops from the Staffordshire Regiment in Operation Granby ; camera view from a Lockheed AC - 130 ; Highway of Death ; M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Date </Th> <Td> Invasion of Kuwait 2 -- 4 August 1990 Operation Desert Storm 17 January -- 28 February 1991 ( 1 month , 1 week and 4 days ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Location </Th> <Td> Iraq , Kuwait , Saudi Arabia , Israel and Persian Gulf </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Result </Th> <Td> <P> Coalition victory </P> <Ul> <Li> Iraq expelled from Kuwait </Li> <Li> Kuwaiti monarchy restored </Li> <Li> Destruction of Iraqi and Kuwaiti infrastructure </Li> <Li> Failed Shia / Kurdish uprisings against the Iraqi government </Li> <Li> Iraqi Kurdistan obtains autonomy , establishment of the northern Iraq no fly zone by the US </Li> <Li> Saddam Hussein retains power </Li> <Li> UN sanctions against Iraq maintained until 2003 </Li> <Li> United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 establishes cease - fire terms , beginning of the Iraq disarmament controversies </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Belligerents </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> Kuwait United States United Kingdom France Saudi Arabia </P> Coalition forces ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Egypt </Li> <Li> Syria </Li> <Li> Morocco </Li> <Li> Oman </Li> <Li> Pakistan </Li> <Li> Canada </Li> <Li> United Arab Emirates </Li> <Li> Qatar </Li> <Li> Bangladesh </Li> <Li> Italy </Li> <Li> Australia </Li> <Li> Netherlands </Li> <Li> Niger </Li> <Li> Philippines </Li> <Li> Sweden </Li> <Li> Argentina </Li> <Li> Senegal </Li> <Li> Spain </Li> <Li> Bahrain </Li> <Li> Belgium </Li> <Li> Poland </Li> <Li> South Korea </Li> <Li> Singapore </Li> <Li> Norway </Li> <Li> Czechoslovakia </Li> <Li> Greece </Li> <Li> Denmark </Li> <Li> New Zealand </Li> <Li> Hungary </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> Iraq Supported by : Yemen PLO </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Commanders and leaders </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Sheikh Jaber Al Ahmad </Li> <Li> Sheikh Saad Al Abdullah </Li> <Li> George H.W. Bush </Li> <Li> Dick Cheney </Li> <Li> Colin Powell </Li> <Li> Norman Schwarzkopf </Li> <Li> John J. Yeosock </Li> <Li> Walter E. Boomer </Li> <Li> Charles Horner </Li> <Li> Stanley Arthur </Li> <Li> J. William Kime </Li> <Li> King Fahd </Li> <Li> Saleh Al - Muhaya </Li> <Li> Khalid bin Sultan </Li> <Li> Margaret Thatcher </Li> <Li> John Major </Li> <Li> Peter de la Billière </Li> <Li> Brian Mulroney </Li> <Li> Hussain Muhammad Ershad </Li> <Li> François Mitterrand </Li> <Li> Michel Roquejeoffre </Li> </Ul> </Td> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Saddam Hussein </Li> <Li> Ali Hassan al - Majid </Li> <Li> Izzat Ibrahim al - Douri </Li> <Li> Salah Aboud Mahmoud </Li> <Li> Hussein Kamel al - Majid </Li> <Li> Abid Hamid Mahmud </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Strength </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 956,600 , including 700,000 US troops </Td> <Td> 650,000 soldiers </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Casualties and losses </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <P> Coalition : 292 killed ( 147 killed by enemy action , 145 non-hostile deaths ) 467 wounded in action 776 wounded 31 Tanks destroyed / disabled 28 Bradley IFVs destroyed / damaged 1 M113 APC destroyed 2 British Warrior APCs destroyed 1 Artillery Piece destroyed 75 Aircraft destroyed Kuwait : 4,200 killed 12,000 captured ≈ 200 tanks destroyed / captured 850 + other armored vehicles destroyed / captured 57 aircraft lost At least 8 aircraft captured ( Mirage F1s ) </P> 17 ships sunk , 6 captured </Td> <Td> Iraqi : 25,000 -- 50,000 killed 75,000 + wounded 80,000 captured 3,300 tanks destroyed 2,100 APCs destroyed 2,200 Artillery Pieces destroyed 110 Aircraft destroyed 137 Aircraft escaped to Iran 19 naval ships sunk , 6 damaged </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <P> Kuwaiti civilian losses : Over 1,000 killed 600 missing people Iraqi civilian losses : About 3,664 killed </P> Other civilian losses : 300 civilians killed , more injured </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Persian Gulf Wars </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Iranian Revolution ( 1978 -- 79 ) </Li> <Li> Iran -- Iraq War ( 1980 -- 88 ) </Li> <Li> Invasion of Kuwait ( 1990 ) </Li> <Li> Gulf War ( 1990 -- 91 ) </Li> <Li> Iraqi Kurdish / Shi'a uprisings ( 1991 ) </Li> <Li> Iraq no - fly zones conflict ( 1991 -- 2003 ) </Li> <Li> Iraq missile strikes ( 1993 ) </Li> <Li> Iraq missile strikes ( 1996 ) </Li> <Li> Iraq bombing ( 1998 ) </Li> <Li> 1999 Shia uprising in Iraq </Li> <Li> Iraq conflict ( 2003 -- present ) <Ul> <Li> Iraq War ( 2003 -- 11 ) </Li> <Li> Iraqi insurgency ( 2011 -- 13 ) </Li> <Li> Iraqi Civil War ( 2014 -- present ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Gulf War </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Invasion of Kuwait <Ul> <Li> Kuwaiti Bridges </Li> <Li> Dasman Palace </Li> <Li> Failaka </Li> <Li> British Airways Flight 149 </Li> </Ul> <P> Coalition intervention </P> <Ul> <Li> Khafji </Li> <Li> Wadi Al - Batin </Li> </Ul> <P> Naval operations </P> <Ul> <Li> Ad - Dawrah </Li> <Li> Qurah </Li> <Li> Maradim </Li> <Li> Bubiyan </Li> </Ul> <P> Air campaign </P> <Ul> <Li> Air to Air combat </Li> <Li> `` Package Q '' Air Strike </Li> <Li> Ras Tanura </Li> <Li> Samurra </Li> <Li> Amiriyah </Li> </Ul> <P> Liberation of Kuwait </P> <Ul> <Li> Order of battle </Li> <Li> 67 Easting </Li> <Li> 73 Easting </Li> <Li> Al Busayyah </Li> <Li> Phase Line Bullet </Li> <Li> Medina Ridge </Li> <Li> Highway of Death </Li> <Li> Jalibah </Li> <Li> Norfolk </Li> <Li> Kuwait International Airport </Li> </Ul> <P> Post-ceasefire </P> <Ul> <Li> Rumaila </Li> <Li> Safwan </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ba'athism </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Organisations ( show ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> Arab Ba'ath </Th> <Td> 1940 -- 1947 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Arab Ba'ath Movement </Th> <Td> 1940 -- 1947 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ba'ath Party </Th> <Td> 1947 -- 1966 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ba'ath Party ( pro-Iraqi ) </Th> <Td> 1968 -- 2003 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Ba'ath Party ( pro-Syrian ) </Th> <Td> 1966 -- present </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> People ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Zaki al - 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Bush </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Family </Li> <Li> Bibliography </Li> <Li> Electoral history </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> 1966 U.S. House election </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Vice President of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> 1980 presidential campaign </Li> <Li> 1980 Reagan - Bush Campaign </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Reagan assassination attempt </Li> <Li> Deregulation </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> 1984 Reagan - Bush Campaign <Ul> <Li> Bush - Ferraro debate </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> President of the United States </P> <Ul> <Li> Presidency <Ul> <Li> Timeline </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> 1988 election <Ul> <Li> Convention </Li> <Li> `` No new taxes '' </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Inauguration </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Thousand points of light <Ul> <Li> Foundation </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Gulf War </Li> <Li> Invasion of Panama </Li> <Li> Operation Restore Hope </Li> <Li> NAFTA </Li> <Li> Environmental policy </Li> <Li> Foreign policy </Li> <Li> International presidential trips </Li> <Li> Judicial appointments </Li> <Li> Pardons </Li> <Li> 1992 election <Ul> <Li> Convention </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> Legacy </P> <Ul> <Li> Presidential Library </Li> <Li> Medal of Freedom </Li> <Li> Bush School of Government </Li> <Li> Reagan Award </Li> <Li> USS George H.W. Bush ( CVN - 77 ) </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Gulf War ( 2 August 1990 -- 28 February 1991 ) , codenamed Operation Desert Shield ( 2 August 1990 -- 17 January 1991 ) for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm ( 17 January 1991 -- 28 February 1991 ) in its combat phase , was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq 's invasion and annexation of Kuwait . </P> <P> The war is also known under other names , such as the Persian Gulf War , First Gulf War , Gulf War I

The first Persian Gulf War took place in

Where did the first persian gulf war take place?

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Pangaea - wikipedia <H1> Pangaea </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Pangaea ( disambiguation ) . Map of Pangaea with modern continental outlines <P> Pangaea or Pangea ( / pænˈdʒiːə / ) was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras . It assembled from earlier continental units approximately 335 million years ago , and it began to break apart about 175 million years ago . In contrast to the present Earth and its distribution of continental mass , much of Pangaea was in the southern hemisphere and surrounded by a superocean , Panthalassa . Pangaea was the most recent supercontinent to have existed and the first to be reconstructed by geologists . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origin of the concept </Li> <Li> 2 Formation </Li> <Li> 3 Evidence of existence </Li> <Li> 4 Rifting and break - up </Li> <Li> 5 Tectonic plate shift </Li> <Li> 6 Life </Li> <Li> 7 Climate change after Pangaea </Li> <Li> 8 Implications of extinction </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origin of the concept </H2> Life timeline view discuss edit - 4500 -- -- - 4000 -- -- - 3500 -- -- - 3000 -- -- - 2500 -- -- - 2000 -- -- - 1500 -- -- - 1000 -- -- - 500 -- -- 0 -- water Single - celled life photosynthesis Eukaryotes Multicellular life Land life Dinosaurs Mammals Flowers ← Earliest Earth ( − 4540 ) ← Earliest water ← Earliest life ← LHB meteorites ← Earliest oxygen ← Atmospheric oxygen ← Oxygen crisis ← Earliest sexual reproduction ← Ediacara biota ← Cambrian explosion ← Earliest humans h n r o z o i r o r o z o i r h n d n Pongola Huronian Cryogenian Andean Karoo Quaternary Axis scale : millions of years ago . Orange labels : ice ages . Also see : Human timeline and Nature timeline <P> The name `` Pangaea / Pangea '' is derived from Ancient Greek pan ( πᾶν , `` all , entire , whole '' ) and Gaia ( Γαῖα , `` Mother Earth , land '' ) . The concept that the continents once formed a continuous land mass was first proposed by Alfred Wegener , the originator of the scientific theory of continental drift , in his 1912 publication The Origin of Continents ( Die Entstehung der Kontinente ) . He expanded upon his hypothesis in his 1915 book The Origin of Continents and Oceans ( Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane ) , in which he postulated that , before breaking up and drifting to their present locations , all the continents had formed a single supercontinent that he called the `` Urkontinent '' . </P> <P> The name `` Pangea '' occurs in the 1920 edition of Die Entstehung der Kontinente und Ozeane , but only once , when Wegener refers to the ancient supercontinent as `` the Pangaea of the Carboniferous '' . Wegener used the Germanized form `` Pangäa '' , but the name entered German and English scientific literature ( in 1922 and 1926 , respectively ) in the Latinized form `` Pangaea '' ( of the Greek `` Pangaia '' ) , especially due to a symposium of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists in November 1926 . </P> <H2> Formation </H2> Appalachian orogeny <P> The forming of supercontinents and their breaking up appears to have been cyclical through Earth 's history . There may have been many others before Pangaea . The fourth - last supercontinent , called Columbia or Nuna , appears to have assembled in the period 2.0 -- 1.8 Ga . Columbia / Nuna broke up and the next supercontinent , Rodinia , formed from the accretion and assembly of its fragments . Rodinia lasted from about 1.1 billion years ago ( Ga ) until about 750 million years ago , but its exact configuration and geodynamic history are not nearly as well understood as those of the later supercontinents , Pannotia and Pangaea . </P> <P> When Rodinia broke up , it split into three pieces : the supercontinent of Proto - Laurasia , the supercontinent of Proto - Gondwana , and the smaller Congo craton . Proto - Laurasia and Proto - Gondwana were separated by the Proto - Tethys Ocean . Next Proto - Laurasia itself split apart to form the continents of Laurentia , Siberia and Baltica . Baltica moved to the east of Laurentia , and Siberia moved northeast of Laurentia . The splitting also created two new oceans , the Iapetus Ocean and Paleoasian Ocean . Most of the above masses coalesced again to form the relatively short - lived supercontinent of Pannotia . This supercontinent included large amounts of land near the poles and , near the equator , only a relatively small strip connecting the polar masses . Pannotia lasted until 540 Ma , near the beginning of the Cambrian period and then broke up , giving rise to the continents of Laurentia , Baltica , and the southern supercontinent of Gondwana . </P> <P> In the Cambrian period , the continent of Laurentia , which would later become North America , sat on the equator , with three bordering oceans : the Panthalassic Ocean to the north and west , the Iapetus Ocean to the south and the Khanty Ocean to the east . In the Earliest Ordovician , around 480 Ma , the microcontinent of Avalonia -- a landmass incorporating fragments of what would become eastern Newfoundland , the southern British Isles , and parts of Belgium , northern France , Nova Scotia , New England , South Iberia and northwest Africa -- broke free from Gondwana and began its journey to Laurentia . Baltica , Laurentia , and Avalonia all came together by the end of the Ordovician to form a minor supercontinent called Euramerica or Laurussia , closing the Iapetus Ocean . The collision also resulted in the formation of the northern Appalachians . Siberia sat near Euramerica , with the Khanty Ocean between the two continents . While all this was happening , Gondwana drifted slowly towards the South Pole . This was the first step of the formation of Pangaea . </P> <P> The second step in the formation of Pangaea was the collision of Gondwana with Euramerica . By Silurian time , 440 Ma , Baltica had already collided with Laurentia , forming Euramerica . Avalonia had not yet collided with Laurentia , but as Avalonia inched towards Laurentia , the seaway between them , a remnant of the Iapetus Ocean , was slowly shrinking . Meanwhile , southern Europe broke off from Gondwana and began to move towards Euramerica across the newly formed Rheic Ocean . It collided with southern Baltica in the Devonian , though this microcontinent was an underwater plate . The Iapetus Ocean 's sister ocean , the Khanty Ocean , shrank as an island arc from Siberia collided with eastern Baltica ( now part of Euramerica ) . Behind this island arc was a new ocean , the Ural Ocean . </P> <P> By late Silurian time , North and South China split from Gondwana and started to head northward , shrinking the Proto - Tethys Ocean in their path and opening the new Paleo - Tethys Ocean to their south . In the Devonian Period , Gondwana itself headed towards Euramerica , causing the Rheic Ocean to shrink . In the Early Carboniferous , northwest Africa had touched the southeastern coast of Euramerica , creating the southern portion of the Appalachian Mountains , the Meseta Mountains and the Mauritanide Mountains . South America moved northward to southern Euramerica , while the eastern portion of Gondwana ( India , Antarctica and Australia ) headed toward the South Pole from the equator . North and South China were on independent continents . The Kazakhstania microcontinent had collided with Siberia . ( Siberia had been a separate continent for millions of years since the deformation of the supercontinent Pannotia in the Middle Carboniferous . ) </P> <P> Western Kazakhstania collided with Baltica in the Late Carboniferous , closing the Ural Ocean between them and the western Proto - Tethys in them ( Uralian orogeny ) , causing the formation of not only the Ural Mountains but also the supercontinent of Laurasia . This was the last step of the formation of Pangaea . Meanwhile , South America had collided with southern Laurentia , closing the Rheic Ocean and forming the southernmost part of the Appalachians and Ouachita Mountains . By this time , Gondwana was positioned near the South Pole and glaciers were forming in Antarctica , India , Australia , southern Africa and South America . The North China block collided with Siberia by Late Carboniferous time , completely closing the Proto - Tethys Ocean . </P> <P> By early Permian time , the Cimmerian plate split from Gondwana and headed towards Laurasia , thus closing the Paleo - Tethys Ocean , but forming a new ocean , the Tethys Ocean , in its southern end . Most of the landmasses were all in one . By the Triassic Period , Pangaea rotated a little and the Cimmerian plate was still travelling across the shrinking Paleo - Tethys , until the Middle Jurassic time . The Paleo - Tethys had closed from west to east , creating the Cimmerian Orogeny . Pangaea , which looked like a C , with the new Tethys Ocean inside the C , had rifted by the Middle Jurassic , and its deformation is explained below . </P> <H2> Evidence of existence </H2> The distribution of fossils across the continents is one line of evidence pointing to the existence of Pangaea . <P> Fossil evidence for Pangaea includes the presence of similar and identical species on continents that are now great distances apart . For example , fossils of the therapsid Lystrosaurus have been found in South Africa , India and Antarctica , alongside members of the Glossopteris flora , whose distribution would have ranged from the polar circle to the equator if the continents had been in their present position ; similarly , the freshwater reptile Mesosaurus has been found in only localized regions of the coasts of Brazil and West Africa . </P> <P> Additional evidence for Pangaea is found in the geology of adjacent continents , including matching geological trends between the eastern coast of South America and the western coast of Africa . The polar ice cap of the Carboniferous Period covered the southern end of Pangaea . Glacial deposits , specifically till , of the same age and structure are found on many separate continents which would have been together in the continent of Pangaea . </P> <P> Paleomagnetic study of apparent polar wandering paths also support the theory of a supercontinent . Geologists can determine the movement of continental plates by examining the orientation of magnetic minerals in rocks ; when rocks are formed , they take on the magnetic properties of the Earth and indicate in which direction the poles lie relative to the rock . Since the magnetic poles drift about the rotational pole with a period of only a few thousand years , measurements from numerous lavas spanning several thousand years are averaged to give an apparent mean polar position . Samples of sedimentary rock and intrusive igneous rock have magnetic orientations that are typically an average of the `` secular variation '' in the orientation of magnetic north because their remanent magnetizations are not acquired instantaneously . Magnetic differences between sample groups whose age varies by millions of years is due to a combination of true polar wander and the drifting of continents . The true polar wander component is identical for all samples , and can be removed , leaving geologists with the portion of this motion that shows continental drift and can be used to help reconstruct earlier continental positions . </P> <P> The continuity of mountain chains provides further evidence for Pangaea . One

The first continent was named

What was the name of the first continent?

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List of state leaders in 1616 - wikipedia <H1> List of state leaders in 1616 </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th> See also </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> List of state leaders in 1615 </Li> <Li> Events of 1616 </Li> <Li> List of state leaders in 1617 </Li> <Li> State leaders by year </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> List of governors of dependent territories </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> This is a list of heads of state , government leaders , and other rulers in the year 1616 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Africa </Li> <Li> 2 Asia </Li> <Li> 3 Europe </Li> <Li> 4 Middle East and North Africa </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Africa ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Ethiopian Empire -- Susenyos I ( 1606 -- 1632 ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Asia ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> China ( Ming dynasty ) - Wanli Emperor ( 1573 -- 1620 ) </Li> <Li> Japan <Ul> <Li> Monarch -- Go - Mizunoo ( 1611 -- 1629 ) </Li> <Li> Tokugawa shogunate -- Tokugawa Hidetada ( 1605 -- 1623 ) </Li> <Li> Ryukyu Kingdom -- Shō Nei ( 1587 -- 1620 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Joseon ( Korea ) -- Gwanghaegun ( 1608 -- 1623 ) </Li> <Li> Later Jin ( Manchu Empire ) - <Ul> <Li> Nurhaci founds Later Jin dynasty in Manchuria </Li> <Li> Nurhaci ( 1616 -- 1626 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Mughal Empire -- Jahangir ( 1605 -- 1627 ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Europe ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Kingdom of Denmark -- Christian IV ( 1588 -- 1648 ) <Ul> <Li> Duchy of Schleswig -- <Ol> <Li> Christian IV ( 1588 -- 1648 ) and John Adolphus ( 1590 -- 1616 ) in condominial rule </Li> <Li> Christian IV ( 1588 -- 1648 ) and Frederick III ( 1616 -- 1659 ) in condominial rule </Li> </Ol> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> England - James I , King of England ( 1603 -- 1625 ) </Li> <Li> France - Louis XIII , King of France ( 1610 -- 1643 ) </Li> <Li> Holy Roman Empire -- Matthias , Holy Roman Emperor ( 1612 -- 1619 ) <Ul> <Li> Bremen , Prince - Archbishopric -- John Frederick , Lutheran Administrator of the Prince - Archbishopric ( 1596 -- 1634 ) </Li> <Li> Holstein , Duchy -- <Ol> <Li> Christian IV ( 1588 -- 1648 ) and John Adolphus ( 1590 -- 1616 ) in condominial rule </Li> <Li> Christian IV ( 1588 -- 1648 ) and Frederick III ( 1616 -- 1659 ) in condominial rule </Li> </Ol> </Li> <Li> Prince - Bishopric of Lübeck -- John Frederick , Lutheran Administrator of the Prince - Bishopric ( 1607 -- 1634 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Ottoman ( Turkish ) Empire -- Ahmed I , Ottoman Sultan ( 1603 -- 1617 ) </Li> <Li> Poland - Sigismund III Vasa , King of Poland ( 1587 -- 1632 ) </Li> <Li> Russia - Michael I , Tsar of Russia ( 1613 -- 1645 ) </Li> <Li> Kingdom of Scotland -- James VI ( 1587 -- 1625 ) </Li> <Li> Kingdom of Spain and Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves -- Philip III of Spain and II of Portugal ( 1598 -- 1621 ) </Li> <Li> Sweden - Gustavus Adolphus ( 1611 -- 1632 ) </Li> <Li> United Provinces <Ul> <Li> Estates of Friesland , Groningen , Guelders , Holland , Overijssel , Utrecht , Zeeland ( 1581 -- 1795 ) </Li> <Li> Stadtholder - Maurice of Nassau , Prince of Orange , Stadtholder of Gelre , Holland , Overijssel , Utrecht and Zeeland ( 1585 -- 1625 ) </Li> <Li> Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan van Oldenbarnevelt ( 1586 -- 1619 ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Republic of Venice -- Giovanni Bembo , Doge of Venice ( 1615 -- 1618 ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> Middle east and north africa ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Safavid Empire -- Abbas I , Shah of Iran ( 1587 -- 1629 ) </Li> </Ul> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_state_leaders_in_1616&oldid=793759526 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> 1616 in politics </Li> <Li> Lists of state leaders by year </Li> <Li> 17th - century rulers </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Bân - lâm - gú </Li> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Македонски </Li> <Li> Shqip </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 3 August 2017 , at 19 : 38 . </Li> <Li> Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution - ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply . By using this site , you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit organization . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

In 1616, the ruler of England was

Who was the ruler of england in 1616?

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the joint action of the world 's leading pharmaceutical companies and non-governmental organizations through a project launched in 2012 called the London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases , which aims to control or eradicate certain neglected tropical diseases by 2020 . </P> <P> Helminthiasis has been found to result in poor birth outcome , poor cognitive development , poor school and work performance , poor socioeconomic development , and poverty . Chronic illness , malnutrition , and anemia are further examples of secondary effects . </P> <P> Soil - transmitted helminthiases are responsible for parasitic infections in as much as a quarter of the human population worldwide . One well - known example of soil - transmitted helminthiases is ascariasis . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Signs and symptoms <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Mass and volume </Li> <Li> 1.2 Immunological response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Secondary effects <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Immune changes </Li> <Li> 2.2 Chronic illness </Li> <Li> 2.3 Malnutrition </Li> <Li> 2.4 Anemia </Li> <Li> 2.5 Cognitive changes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Helminths types causing infections <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Roundworm infection ( nematodiasis ) </Li> <Li> 3.2 Tapeworm infection ( cestodiasis ) </Li> <Li> 3.3 Trematode infection ( trematodiasis ) </Li> <Li> 3.4 Acanthocephala infection </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Transmission </Li> <Li> 5 Diagnosis </Li> <Li> 6 Prevention </Li> <Li> 7 Treatment <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Medications </Li> <Li> 7.2 Mass deworming </Li> <Li> 7.3 Surgery </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Epidemiology <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Neglected tropical diseases </Li> <Li> 8.2 Prevalence </Li> <Li> 8.3 Variations within communities </Li> <Li> 8.4 Disability - adjusted life years </Li> <Li> 8.5 Deaths </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Signs and symptoms ( edit ) </H2> Example clinical photo : Guinea worm infection ( dracunculiasis ) , worm coming out of the foot of an infected person . Ascaris infection : Antimesenteric splitting of the outer layers of the bowel wall due to a large amount of ascaris ( South Africa ) <P> The signs and symptoms of helminthiasis depend on a number of factors including : the site of the infestation within the body ; the type of worm involved ; the number of worms and their volume ; the type of damage the infesting worms cause ; and , the immunological response of the body . Where the burden of parasites in the body is light , there may be no symptoms . </P> <P> Certain worms may cause particular constellations of symptoms . For instance , taeniasis can lead to seizures due to neurocysticercosis . </P> <H3> Mass and volume ( edit ) </H3> <P> In extreme cases of intestinal infestation , the mass and volume of the worms may cause the outer layers of the intestinal wall , such as the muscular layer , to tear . This may lead to peritonitis , volvulus , and gangrene of the intestine . </P> <H3> Immunological response ( edit ) </H3> <P> As pathogens in the body , helminths induce an immune response . Immune - mediated inflammatory changes occur in the skin , lung , liver , intestine , central nervous system , and eyes . Signs of the body 's immune response may include eosinophilia , edema , and arthritis . An example of the immune response is the hypersensitivity reaction that may lead to anaphylaxis . Another example is the migration of Ascaris larvae through the bronchi of the lungs causing asthma . </P> <H2> Secondary effects ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Immune changes ( edit ) </H3> See also : Effects of parasitic worms on the immune system Micrograph of cut section of human appendix showing a pin worm . <P> In humans , T helper cells and eosinophils respond to helminth infestation . Inflammation leads to encapsulation of egg deposits throughout the body . Helminths excrete into the intestine toxic substances after they feed . These substances then enter the circulatory and lymphatic systems of the host body . </P> <P> Chronic immune responses to helminthiasis may lead to increased susceptibility to other infections such as tuberculosis , HIV , and malaria . There is conflicting information about whether deworming reduces HIV progression and viral load and increases CD4 counts in antiretroviral naive and experienced individuals . </P> <H3> Chronic illness ( edit ) </H3> <P> Chronic helminthiasis may cause severe morbidity . Helminthiasis has been found to result in poor birth outcome , poor cognitive development , poor school and work performance , decreased productivity , poor socioeconomic development , and poverty . </P> <H3> Malnutrition ( edit ) </H3> <P> Helminthiasis may cause chronic illness through malnutrition including vitamin deficiencies , stunted growth , anemia , and protein - energy malnutrition . Worms compete directly with their hosts for nutrients , but the magnitude of this effect is likely minimal as the nutritional requirements of worms is relatively small . In pigs and humans , Ascaris has been linked to lactose intolerance and vitamin A , amino acid , and fat malabsorption . Impaired nutrient uptake may result from direct damage to the intestinal mucosal wall or from more subtle changes such as chemical imbalances and changes in gut flora . Alternatively , the worms ' release of protease inhibitors to defend against the body 's digestive processes may impair the breakdown of other nutrients . In addition , worm induced diarrhoea may shorten gut transit time , thus reducing absorption of nutrients . </P> <P> Malnutrition due to worms can give rise to anorexia . A study of 459 children in Zanzibar revealed spontaneous increases in appetite after deworming . Anorexia might be a result of the body 's immune response and the stress of combating infection . Specifically , some of the cytokines released in the immune response to worm infestation have been linked to anorexia in animals . </P> <H3> Anemia ( edit ) </H3> <P> Helminths may cause iron - deficiency anemia . This is most severe in heavy hookworm infections , as Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale feed directly on the blood of their hosts . Although the daily consumption of an individual worm ( 0.02 -- 0.07 ml and 0.14 -- 0.26 ml respectively ) is small , the collective consumption under heavy infection can be clinically significantly . Intestinal whipworm may also cause anemia . Anemia has also been associated with reduced stamina for physical labor , a decline in the ability to learn new information , and apathy , irritability , and fatigue . A study of the effect of deworming and iron supplementation in 47 students from the Democratic Republic of the Congo found that the intervention improved cognitive function . Another study found that in 159 Jamaican schoolchildren , deworming led to better auditory short - term memory and scanning and retrieval of long - term memory over a period of nine - weeks . </P> <H3> Cognitive changes ( edit ) </H3> <P> Malnutrition due to helminths may affect cognitive function leading to low educational performance , decreased concentration and difficulty with abstract cognitive tasks . Iron deficiency in infants and preschoolers is associated with `` lower scores ... on tests of mental and motor development ... ( as well as ) increased fearfulness , inattentiveness , and decreased social responsiveness '' . Studies in the Philippines and Indonesia found a significant correlation between helminthiasis and decreased memory and fluency . Large parasite burdens , particularly severe hookworm infections , are also associated with absenteeism , under - enrollment , and attrition in school children . </P> <H2> Helminths types causing infections ( edit ) </H2> Ascaris life cycle : Adult worms in the lumen of the small intestine ( 1 ) . The female produces eggs ( approximately 200,000 per day ) that are excreted with the feces ( 2 ) . Unfertilized eggs are harmless , but fertilized ones are infective after 18 days to several weeks ( 3 ) . Infective eggs are ingested ( 4 ) , enter the gut ( 5 ) , develop into larvae in the intestine , and penetrate the blood vessel to enter lungs , where they develop further ( 6 ) , after 10 to 14 days , penetrate the alveolar walls , ascend the bronchial tree to the throat , and are re-swallowed ( 7 ) . Upon reaching the small intestine , they develop into adult worms ( 8 ) . It takes 2 to 3 months for one complete cycle . Adult worms can live 1 to 2 years . Collage of various helminth eggs , from left to right : Trichosomoides egg , Ascaris lumbricoides with larva hatching , sample of adult roundworms , Hymenolepis nana , Schistosoma mansoni and Toxocara canis with larva hatching <P> Of all the known helminth species , the most important helminths with respect to understanding their transmission pathways , their control , inactivation and enumeration in samples of human excreta from dried feces , faecal sludge , wastewater , and sewage sludge are : </P> <Ul> <Li> soil - transmitted helminths , including Ascaris lumbricoides ( the most common worldwide ) , Trichuris trichiura , Necator americanus , Strongyloides stercoralis and Ancylostoma duodenale </Li> <Li> Hymenolepis nana </Li> <Li> Taenia saginata </Li> <Li> Enterobius </Li> <Li> Fasciola hepatica </Li> <Li> Schistosoma mansoni </Li> <Li> Toxocara canis </Li> <Li> Toxocara cati </Li> </Ul> <P> Helminthiases are classified as follows ( the disease names end with `` - sis '' and the causative worms are in brackets ) : </P> <H3> Roundworm infection ( nematodiasis ) ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Filariasis ( Wuchereria bancrofti , Brugia malayi infection ) </Li> <Li> Onchocerciasis ( Onchocerca volvulus infection ) </Li> <Li> Soil - transmitted helminthiasis -- this includes ascariasis ( Ascaris lumbricoides infection , trichuriasis ( Trichuris infection ) , and hookworm infection ( includes necatoriasis and Ancylostoma duodenale infection ) </Li> <Li> Trichostrongyliasis ( Trichostrongylus spp . infection ) </Li> <Li> Dracunculiasis ( guinea worm infection ) </Li> <Li> Baylisascaris ( raccoon roundworm , may be transmitted to pets livestock and humans ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Tapeworm infection ( cestodiasis ) ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Echinococcosis ( Echinococcus infection ) </Li> <Li> Hymenolepiasis ( Hymenolepis infection ) </Li> <Li> Taeniasis / cysticercosis ( Taenia infection ) </Li> <Li> Coenurosis ( T. multiceps , T. serialis , T. glomerata , and T. brauni infection ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Trematode infection ( trematodiasis ) ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Amphistomiasis ( amphistomes infection ) </Li> <Li> Clonorchiasis ( Clonorchis sinensis infection ) </Li> <Li> Fascioliasis ( Fasciola infection ) </Li> <Li> Fasciolopsiasis ( Fasciolopsis buski infection ) </Li> <Li> Opisthorchiasis ( Opisthorchis infection ) </Li> <Li> Paragonimiasis ( Paragonimus infection ) </Li> <Li> Schistosomiasis / bilharziasis ( Schistosoma infection ) </Li> </Ul> <H3> Acanthocephala infection ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Moniliformis infection </Li> </Ul> <H2> Transmission ( edit ) </H2> <P> Helminths are transmitted to the final host in several ways . The most common infection is through ingestion of contaminated vegetables , drinking water , and raw or undercooked meat . Contaminated food may contain eggs of nematodes such as Ascaris , Enterobius , and Trichuris ; cestodes such as Taenia , Hymenolepis , and Echinococcus ; and treamtodes such as Fasciola . Raw or undercooked meats are the major sources of Taenia ( pork , beef and venison ) , Trichinella ( pork and bear ) , Diphyllobothrium ( fish ) , Clonorchis ( fish ) , and Paragonimus ( crustaceans ) . Schistosomes and nematodes such as hookworms ( Ancylostoma and Necator ) and Strongyloides can penetrate the skin directly . Finally , Wuchereria , Onchocerca , and Dracunculus are transmitted by mosquitoes and flies . In the developing world , the use of contaminated water is a major risk factor for infection . Infection can also take place through the practice of geophagy , which is not uncommon in parts of sub-Saharan Africa . Soil is eaten , for example , by children or pregnant women to counteract a real or perceived deficiency of minerals

The helminth that feeds on blood is

Which of the following helmiths feeds on blood?

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2018 World Men 's Curling Championship - wikipedia <H1> 2018 World Men 's Curling Championship </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> 2018 World Men 's Curling Championship </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Host city </Th> <Td> Las Vegas , Nevada </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Arena </Th> <Td> Orleans Arena </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dates </Th> <Td> March 31 -- April 8 , 2018 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Attendance </Th> <Td> 74,829 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Winner </Th> <Td> Sweden </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Curling club </Th> <Td> Karlstads CK , Karlstad </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Skip </Th> <Td> Niklas Edin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Third </Th> <Td> Oskar Eriksson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Second </Th> <Td> Rasmus Wranå </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Lead </Th> <Td> Christoffer Sundgren </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Alternate </Th> <Td> Henrik Leek </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Finalist </Th> <Td> Canada ( Brad Gushue ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` 2017 2019 '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The 2018 World Men 's Curling Championship ( branded as the 361 ̊ World Men 's Curling Championship 2018 for sponsorship reasons ) was held from March 31 to April 8 , 2018 at Orleans Arena , on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise , Nevada , United States . </P> <P> In a rematch of the 2017 gold medal game , the Swedish team led by Niklas Edin beat the defending champion Canadian team led by Brad Gushue to win the championship . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Qualification </Li> <Li> 2 Teams </Li> <Li> 3 Round robin standings <Ul> <Li> 3.1 WCT ranking </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Round robin results <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Draw 1 </Li> <Li> 4.2 Draw 2 </Li> <Li> 4.3 Draw 3 </Li> <Li> 4.4 Draw 4 </Li> <Li> 4.5 Draw 5 </Li> <Li> 4.6 Draw 6 </Li> <Li> 4.7 Draw 7 </Li> <Li> 4.8 Draw 8 </Li> <Li> 4.9 Draw 9 </Li> <Li> 4.10 Draw 10 </Li> <Li> 4.11 Draw 11 </Li> <Li> 4.12 Draw 12 </Li> <Li> 4.13 Draw 13 </Li> <Li> 4.14 Draw 14 </Li> <Li> 4.15 Draw 15 </Li> <Li> 4.16 Draw 16 </Li> <Li> 4.17 Draw 17 </Li> <Li> 4.18 Draw 18 </Li> <Li> 4.19 Draw 19 </Li> <Li> 4.20 Draw 20 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Playoffs <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Qualification Games </Li> <Li> 5.2 Semifinal 1 </Li> <Li> 5.3 Semifinal 2 </Li> <Li> 5.4 Bronze Medal Game </Li> <Li> 5.5 Gold Medal Game </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Statistics <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Top 5 Player percentages </Li> <Li> 6.2 Perfect games </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Qualification ( edit ) </H2> <P> The following nations are qualified to participate in the 2018 World Men 's Curling Championship : </P> <Ul> <Li> United States ( host country ) </Li> <Li> One team from the Americas zone <Ul> <Li> Canada ( winner of the 2018 Americas Challenge ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Eight teams from the 2017 European Curling Championships <Ul> <Li> Germany </Li> <Li> Italy </Li> <Li> Netherlands </Li> <Li> Norway </Li> <Li> Russia </Li> <Li> Scotland </Li> <Li> Sweden </Li> <Li> Switzerland </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Three teams from the 2017 Pacific - Asia Curling Championships <Ul> <Li> China </Li> <Li> Japan </Li> <Li> South Korea </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Teams ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Canada </Th> <Th> China </Th> <Th> Germany </Th> <Th> Italy </Th> <Th> Japan </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Bally Haly G&CC & St. John 's CC , St. John 's <P> Skip : Brad Gushue Third : Mark Nichols Second : Brett Gallant Lead : Geoff Walker Alternate : Thomas Sallows </P> </Td> <Td> Harbin CC , Harbin <P> Skip : Zou Dejia Third : Zou Qiang Second : Xu Jingtao Lead : Shao Zhilin Alternate : Ma Yanlong </P> </Td> <Td> Baden Hills G&CC , Rheinmünster <P> Skip : Alexander Baumann Third : Manuel Walter Second : Daniel Herberg Lead : Sebastian Schweizer Alternate : Ryan Sherrard </P> </Td> <Td> A.S.D. Trentino Curling , Cembra <P> Fourth : Amos Mosaner Skip : Joël Retornaz Second : Andrea Pilzer Lead : Daniele Ferrazza Alternate : Fabio Ribotta </P> </Td> <Td> Sapporo CA , Sapporo <P> Fourth : Go Aoki Skip : Masaki Iwai Second : Ryotaro Shukuya Lead : Yutaka Aoyama Alternate : Koji Nisato </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Netherlands </Th> <Th> Norway </Th> <Th> Russia </Th> <Th> Scotland </Th> <Th> South Korea </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> CC PWA Zoetermeer , Zoetermeer <P> Skip : Jaap van Dorp Third : Wouter Gösgens Second : Laurens Hoekman Lead : Carlo Glasbergen Alternate : Alexander Magan </P> </Td> <Td> Oppdal CC , Oppdal <P> Skip : Steffen Walstad Third : Markus Høiberg Second : Magnus Nedregotten Lead : Magnus Vågberg Alternate : Steffen Mellemseter </P> </Td> <Td> Adamant CC , Saint Petersburg <P> Skip : Alexey Timofeev Third : Sergey Glukhov Second : Artur Razhabov Lead : Evgeny Klimov Alternate : Artem Shmakov </P> </Td> <Td> Gogar Park CC , Edinburgh <P> Skip : Bruce Mouat Third : Grant Hardie Second : Bobby Lammie Lead : Hammy McMillan Jr . Alternate : Ross Paterson </P> </Td> <Td> Uiseong CC , Uiseong <P> Skip : Kim Chang - min Third : Seong Se - hyeon Second : Oh Eun - su Lead : Lee Ki - bok Alternate : Kim Min - chan </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Sweden </Th> <Th> Switzerland </Th> <Th> United States </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Karlstads CK , Karlstad <P> Skip : Niklas Edin Third : Oskar Eriksson Second : Rasmus Wranå Lead : Christoffer Sundgren Alternate : Henrik Leek </P> </Td> <Td> CC Bern , Bern <P> Skip : Marc Pfister Third : Enrico Pfister Second : Raphael Märki Lead : Simon Gempeler Alternate : Jan Hess </P> </Td> <Td> St. Paul CC , St. Paul <P> Fourth : Greg Persinger Skip : Rich Ruohonen Second : Colin Hufman Lead : Philip Tilker Alternate : Christopher Plys </P> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Round robin standings ( edit ) </H2> <P> Final Round Robin Standings </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Key </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Teams to Playoffs </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Skip </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> </Th> <Th> PF </Th> <Th> PA </Th> <Th> Ends Won </Th> <Th> Ends Lost </Th> <Th> Blank Ends </Th> <Th> Stolen Ends </Th> <Th> Shot Pct . </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sweden </Td> <Td> Niklas Edin </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 79 </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> 40 </Td> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 88 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Scotland </Td> <Td> Bruce Mouat </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 92 </Td> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 86 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada </Td> <Td> Brad Gushue </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 86 </Td> <Td> 55 </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 87 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> South Korea </Td> <Td> Kim Chang - min </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 84 </Td> <Td> 71 </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 83 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Norway </Td> <Td> Steffen Walstad </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 78 </Td> <Td> 72 </Td> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 86 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> Rich Ruohonen </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 65 </Td> <Td> 66 </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 84 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Switzerland </Td> <Td> Marc Pfister </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 75 </Td> <Td> 82 </Td> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 81 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Italy </Td> <Td> Joël Retornaz </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 79 </Td> <Td> 76 </Td> <Td> 47 </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 81 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Russia </Td> <Td> Alexey Timofeev </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 71 </Td> <Td> 85 </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 80 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands </Td> <Td> Jaap van Dorp </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 66 </Td> <Td> 77 </Td> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> 55 </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 81 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Japan </Td> <Td> Masaki Iwai </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> 87 </Td> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 78 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> China </Td> <Td> Zou Dejia </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 60 </Td> <Td> 84 </Td> <Td> 46 </Td> <Td> 51 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 81 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany </Td> <Td> Alexander Baumann </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 53 </Td> <Td> 96 </Td> <Td> 41 </Td> <Td> 57 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 78 % </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> WCT ranking ( edit ) </H3> <P> Year to date World Curling Tour order of merit ranking for each team prior to the event . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Nation ( Skip ) </Th> <Th> Rank </Th> <Th> Points </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sweden ( Edin ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 455.02 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada ( Gushue ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 431.42 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Scotland ( Mouat ) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 285.29 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> South Korea ( Kim ) </Td> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> 238.06 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Norway ( Walstad ) </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> 200.67 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States ( Ruohonen ) </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> 162.77 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Switzerland ( Pfister ) </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> <Td> 114.24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany ( Baumann ) </Td> <Td> 42 </Td> <Td> 94.76 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Italy ( Retornaz ) </Td> <Td> 49 </Td> <Td> 84.00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands ( van Dorp ) </Td> <Td> 50 </Td> <Td> 82.52 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> China ( Zou ) </Td> <Td> 86 </Td> <Td> 45.28 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Russia ( Timofeev ) </Td> <Td> 145 </Td> <Td> 21.15 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Japan ( Iwai ) </Td> <Td> 682 </Td> <Td> 0.00 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Round robin results ( edit ) </H2> <P> All draw times are listed in Pacific Daylight Time ( UTC − 7 : 00 ) . </P> <H3> Draw 1 ( edit ) </H3> <P> Saturday , March 31 , 13 : 30 </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Sheet A </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Final </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sweden ( Edin ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany ( Baumann ) </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Sheet B </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> Final </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands ( van Dorp ) </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> South Korea ( Kim ) </Td> <Td> 0

The men's world curling championships start on

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the proposal stage . It featured a group of forest animals running a television station . The group included Rocket J. Squirrel ( Rocky ) , Oski Bear , Canadian Moose ( Bullwinkle ) , Sylvester Fox , Blackstone Crow , and Floral Fauna . The show in this form was created by Alex Anderson . Bullwinkle 's name came from the name of a car dealership in Berkeley , California , called Bullwinkel Motors . Anderson changed the spelling of the name and gave it to his moose . </P> <P> Ward wanted to produce the show in Los Angeles ; however , Anderson lived in the San Francisco Bay Area and did not want to relocate . As a result , Ward hired Bill Scott as head writer and co-producer at Jay Ward Productions , and he wrote the Rocky and Bullwinkle features . Ward was joined by writers Chris Hayward and Allan Burns ; the latter eventually became head writer for MTM Enterprises . In a 1982 interview , Scott said , `` I got a call from Jay asking if I 'd be interested in writing another series , an adventure script with a moose and a squirrel . I said , ' Sure . ' I did n't know if I could write an adventure with a moose and a squirrel , but I never turned down a job . '' </P> <H3> Production ( edit ) </H3> <P> The series began with the pilot , Rocky the Flying Squirrel . Production began in February 1958 with the hiring of voice actors June Foray , Paul Frees , Bill Scott , and William Conrad . Eight months later , General Mills signed a deal to sponsor the cartoon program , under the condition that the show be run in a late - afternoon time slot , when it could be targeted toward children . Subsequently , Ward hired the rest of the production staff , including writers and designers . However , no animators were hired . Ad executives at Dancer , Fitzgerald , & Sample -- the advertising agency for General Mills -- set up an animation studio in Mexico called Gamma Productions S.A. de C.V. , originally known as Val - Mar Animation . This outsourcing of the animation for the series was considered financially attractive by primary sponsor General Mills , but caused endless production problems . In a 1982 interview by animation historian Jim Korkis , Bill Scott described some of the problems that arose during production of the series : </P> <P> We found out very quickly that we could not depend on Mexican studios to produce anything of quality . They were turning out the work very quickly and there were all kinds of mistakes and flaws and boo - boos ... They would never check ... Mustaches popped on and off Boris , Bullwinkle 's antlers would change , colors would change , costumes would disappear ... By the time we finally saw it , it was on the air . </P> <H3> Network television : 1959 -- 1982 ( edit ) </H3> See also : List of Rocky and Bullwinkle episodes <P> The show was broadcast for the first time on November 19 , 1959 , on the ABC television network under the title Rocky and His Friends twice a week , on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons , following American Bandstand at 5 : 30 p.m. ET , where it was the highest - rated daytime network program . The show moved to the NBC network starting September 24 , 1961 , broadcast in color , and first appeared on Sundays at 7 p.m. ET , just before Walt Disney 's Wonderful World of Color . Bullwinkle 's ratings suffered as a result of airing opposite perennial favorite Lassie . A potential move to CBS caused NBC to reschedule the show to late Sunday afternoons ( 5 : 30 p.m. ET ) and early Saturday afternoons in its final season . NBC canceled the show in the summer of 1964 . It was shopped to ABC , but they were not interested . However , reruns of episodes were aired on ABC 's Sunday morning schedule at 11 a.m. ET until 1973 , at which time the series went into syndication . An abbreviated fifteen - minute version of the series ran in syndication in the 1960s under the title The Rocky Show . This version was sometimes shown in conjunction with The King and Odie , a fifteen - minute version of Total Television 's King Leonardo and His Short Subjects . The King and Odie was similar to Rocky and Bullwinkle in that it was sponsored by General Mills and animated by Gamma Productions . NBC later aired Bullwinkle Show reruns at 12 : 30 p.m. ET Saturday afternoons during the 1981 -- 1982 television season . </P> <P> On cable , the series had extended runs on Nickelodeon ( 1990 -- 1994 ) , Cartoon Network ( 1993 -- 2002 ) and Boomerang ( early 2000s ) . Since the late 2000s , The Program Exchange has typically only licensed the series for short - term runs ; nationally , the series has seen limited airings on WGN America ( 2009 ) , VH1 Classic ( 2012 ) and Boomerang ( 2013 ) . </P> <H3> Syndicated package ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( May 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show remained in syndicated reruns and was still available for local television stations through The Program Exchange as late as 2016 ; WBBZ - TV , for instance , aired the show in a strip to counterprogram 10 PM newscasts in the Buffalo , New York market during the summer 2013 season . The underlying rights are now owned by Universal Pictures , which holds the library of predecessor companies DreamWorks Animation and Classic Media , and who in turn with copyright holder Ward Productions forms the joint venture Bullwinkle Studios , which manages the Rocky and Bullwinkle properties ; Universal 's purchase of Classic Media coincided with The Program Exchange 's shutdown . </P> <P> Sponsor General Mills retained all United States television rights to the series . Two packages , each containing different episodes , are available . The syndicated version of The Bullwinkle Show contains 98 half - hour shows ( # 801 -- 898 ) . The first 78 comprise the Rocky & Bullwinkle story lines from the first two seasons of the original series ( these segments originally aired under the Rocky and His Friends title ) . Other elements in the half - hour shows ( Fractured Fairy Tales , Peabody 's Improbable History , Dudley Do - Right of the Mounties , Aesop and Son , and short cartoons including Bullwinkle 's Corner and Mr. Know - It - All ) sometimes appear out of the original broadcast sequence . The final 20 syndicated Bullwinkle Show episodes feature later Rocky & Bullwinkle story lines ( from `` Bumbling Bros. Circus '' through the end of the series , minus `` Moosylvania '' ) along with Fractured Fairy Tales , Bullwinkle 's Corner , and Mr. Know - It - All segments repeated from earlier in the syndicated episode cycle . Originally , many syndicated shows included segments of Total Television 's The World of Commander McBragg , but these cartoons were replaced with other segments when the shows were remastered in the early 1990s . A package , promoted under the Rocky and His Friends name but utilizing The Rocky Show titles , features story lines not included in the syndicated Bullwinkle Show series . </P> <P> The most recently syndicated Rocky and His Friends package retains the 15 - minute format , consisting of 156 individual episodes , but like The Bullwinkle Show , the content differs from the versions syndicated in the 1960s . The various supporting segments , including Fractured Fairy Tales ( 91 ) , Peabody 's Improbable History ( 91 ) , and Aesop and Son ( 39 ) segments are syndicated as part of Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales , and 38 of the 39 Dudley Do - Right cartoons are syndicated as part of Dudley Do Right ( sic ) and Friends . Syndicated versions of the shows distributed outside of the United States and Canada combine the various segments under the package title Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends ; it is this version of the show that is represented on official DVD releases through DreamWorks Classics and the official online version found on Hulu . </P> <H2> Characters ( edit ) </H2> ( From left to right ) Rocky , Bullwinkle , and Captain Peter Peachfuzz . <P> The lead characters and heroes of the series were Rocket `` Rocky '' J. Squirrel , a flying squirrel , and his best friend Bullwinkle J. Moose , a dim - witted but good - natured moose . Both characters lived in the fictional town of Frostbite Falls , Minnesota , which was based on the real life city of International Falls , Minnesota . The scheming villains in most episodes were the fiendish spies Boris Badenov , a pun on Boris Godunov , and Natasha Fatale , a pun on femme fatale . Other characters included Fearless Leader , the dictator of the fictitious nation of Pottsylvania and Boris and Natasha 's superior , Gidney & Cloyd , little green men from the moon who were armed with scrooch guns ; Captain Peter `` Wrongway '' Peachfuzz , the captain of the S.S. Andalusia ; various U.S. government bureaucrats and politicians ( such as Senator Fussmussen , a recurring character who opposed admitting Alaska and Hawaii to the union on grounds of his own xenophobia ) ; and the inevitable onlookers , Edgar and Chauncy . </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> <P> When first shown on NBC , the cartoons were introduced by a Bullwinkle puppet , voiced by Bill Scott , who would often lampoon celebrities , current events , and especially Walt Disney , whose program Wonderful World of Color was next on the schedule . Compared with the dim - witted and lovable moose that fans of the series grew up with , this short - lived version of Bullwinkle was depicted as a sarcastic smart - aleck . On one occasion , `` Bullwinkle '' encouraged children to pull the tuning knobs off the TV set . `` In that way , '' explained Bullwinkle , `` we 'll be sure to be with you next week ! '' The network received complaints from parents of an estimated 20,000 child viewers who apparently followed Bullwinkle 's suggestion . Bullwinkle told the children the following week to put the knobs back on with glue `` and make it stick ! '' The puppet sequence was dropped altogether . Scott later re-used the puppet for a segment called `` Dear Bullwinkle , '' where letters written for the show were read and answered humorously . Four episodes of `` Dear Bullwinkle '' are on the Season 1 DVD . </P> <P> Each episode is composed of two `` Rocky & Bullwinkle '' cliffhanger shorts that stylistically emulated early radio and film serials . The plots of these shorts would combine into story arcs spanning numerous episodes . The first and longest story arc was Jet Fuel Formula consisting of 40 shorts ( 20 episodes ) . Stories ranged from seeking the missing ingredient for a rocket fuel formula , to tracking the monstrous whale Maybe Dick , to an attempt to prevent mechanical , metal - munching , moon mice from devouring the nation 's television antennas . Rocky and Bullwinkle frequently encounter the two Pottsylvanian nogoodniks , Boris Badenov and Natasha Fatale . </P> <P> At the end of most episodes , the narrator ,

The rights to Rocky and Bullwinkle are owned by

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80 </Th> <Td> 11 12 </Td> <Td> `` The Fugitive '' </Td> <Td> Rebecca Asher Ryan Case </Td> <Td> Carol Kolb Justin Noble & Jessica Polonsky </Td> <Td> January 1 , 2017 ( 2017 - 01 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> 411 412 </Td> <Td> 3.49 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 81 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` The Audit '' </Td> <Td> Beth McCarthy Miller </Td> <Td> Carly Hallam Tosh </Td> <Td> April 11 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> 413 </Td> <Td> 1.91 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 82 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` Serve & Protect '' </Td> <Td> Michael Schur </Td> <Td> Andrew Guest & Alexis Wilkinson </Td> <Td> April 18 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 18 ) </Td> <Td> 414 </Td> <Td> 1.91 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 83 </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` The Last Ride '' </Td> <Td> Linda Mendoza </Td> <Td> David Phillips </Td> <Td> April 25 , 2017 ( 2017 - 04 - 25 ) </Td> <Td> 415 </Td> <Td> 1.88 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 84 </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` Moo Moo '' </Td> <Td> Maggie Carey </Td> <Td> Phil Augusta Jackson </Td> <Td> May 2 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 02 ) </Td> <Td> 418 </Td> <Td> 1.72 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 85 </Th> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` Cop - Con '' </Td> <Td> Giovani Lampassi </Td> <Td> Andy Gosche </Td> <Td> May 9 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 09 ) </Td> <Td> 416 </Td> <Td> 1.61 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 86 </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> `` Chasing Amy '' </Td> <Td> Luke Del Tredici </Td> <Td> Matt Lawton </Td> <Td> May 9 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 09 ) </Td> <Td> 417 </Td> <Td> 1.61 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 87 </Th> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> `` Your Honor '' </Td> <Td> Michael McDonald </Td> <Td> David Phillips & Carly Hallam Tosh </Td> <Td> May 16 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> 419 </Td> <Td> 1.65 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 88 </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> `` The Slaughterhouse '' </Td> <Td> Victor Nelli Jr . </Td> <Td> Neil Campbell </Td> <Td> May 16 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 16 ) </Td> <Td> 420 </Td> <Td> 1.38 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 89 </Th> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> `` The Bank Job '' </Td> <Td> Matthew Nodella </Td> <Td> Carol Kolb </Td> <Td> May 23 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> 421 </Td> <Td> 1.78 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 90 </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> `` Crime and Punishment '' </Td> <Td> Dan Goor </Td> <Td> Justin Noble & Jessica Polonsky </Td> <Td> May 23 , 2017 ( 2017 - 05 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> 422 </Td> <Td> 1.50 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Season 5 ( 2017 − 18 ) ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Brooklyn Nine - Nine ( season 5 ) <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> Prod . code </Th> <Th> U.S. viewers ( millions ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 91 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Big House Pt. 1 '' </Td> <Td> Tristram Shapeero </Td> <Td> Luke Del Tredici </Td> <Td> September 26 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 26 ) </Td> <Td> 501 </Td> <Td> 2.00 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 92 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` The Big House Pt. 2 '' </Td> <Td> Michael McDonald </Td> <Td> Justin Noble </Td> <Td> October 3 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 03 ) </Td> <Td> 502 </Td> <Td> 1.74 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 93 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Kicks '' </Td> <Td> Eric Appel </Td> <Td> Andrew Guest </Td> <Td> October 10 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 10 ) </Td> <Td> 503 </Td> <Td> 1.68 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 94 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` HalloVeen '' </Td> <Td> Jamie Babbit </Td> <Td> Dan Goor </Td> <Td> October 17 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> 504 </Td> <Td> 1.69 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 95 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Bad Beat '' </Td> <Td> Kat Coiro </Td> <Td> Carol Kolb </Td> <Td> November 7 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> 505 </Td> <Td> 1.50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 96 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` The Venue '' </Td> <Td> Cortney Carrillo </Td> <Td> Matt Lawton </Td> <Td> November 14 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 14 ) </Td> <Td> 506 </Td> <Td> 1.65 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 97 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Two Turkeys '' </Td> <Td> Alex Reid </Td> <Td> David Phillips </Td> <Td> November 21 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> 508 </Td> <Td> 1.66 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 98 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Return to Skyfire '' </Td> <Td> Linda Mendoza </Td> <Td> Neil Campbell </Td> <Td> November 28 , 2017 ( 2017 - 11 - 28 ) </Td> <Td> 507 </Td> <Td> 1.73 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 99 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` 99 '' </Td> <Td> Payman Benz </Td> <Td> Andy Bobrow </Td> <Td> December 5 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 05 ) </Td> <Td> 509 </Td> <Td> 1.94 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 100 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` Game Night '' </Td> <Td> Tristram Shapeero </Td> <Td> Justin Noble & Carly Hallam Tosh </Td> <Td> December 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> 510 </Td> <Td> 1.81 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 101 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` The Favor '' </Td> <Td> Victor Nelli Jr . </Td> <Td> Aeysha Carr </Td> <Td> December 12 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 12 ) </Td> <Td> 511 </Td> <Td> 1.81 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 102 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Safe House '' </Td> <Td> Nisha Ganatra </Td> <Td> Andy Gosche </Td> <Td> March 18 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 18 ) </Td> <Td> 512 </Td> <Td> 1.92 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 103 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` The Negotiation '' </Td> <Td> Linda Mendoza </Td> <Td> Phil Augusta Jackson </Td> <Td> March 25 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 25 ) </Td> <Td> 513 </Td> <Td> 1.83 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 104 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` The Box '' </Td> <Td> Claire Scanlon </Td> <Td> Luke Del Tredici </Td> <Td> April 1 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 01 ) </Td> <Td> 516 </Td> <Td> 1.78 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 105 </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` The Puzzle Master '' </Td> <Td> Akiva Schaffer </Td> <Td> Lang Fisher </Td> <Td> April 8 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 08 ) </Td> <Td> 514 </Td> <Td> 1.74 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 106 </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` NutriBoom '' </Td> <Td> Trent O'Donnell </Td> <Td> David Phillips </Td> <Td> April 15 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> 515 </Td> <Td> 1.79 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 107 </Th> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` DFW '' </Td> <Td> Jaffar Mahmood </Td> <Td> Jeff Topolski </Td> <Td> April 15 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 15 ) </Td> <Td> 518 </Td> <Td> 1.48 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 108 </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> `` Gray Star Mutual '' </Td> <Td> Giovani Lampassi </Td> <Td> Jessica Polonsky </Td> <Td> April 22 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 22 ) </Td> <Td> 517 </Td> <Td> 1.77 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 109 </Th> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> `` Bachelor / ette Party '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> April 29 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 29 ) </Td> <Td> 519 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 110 </Th> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> `` Show Me Going '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> May 6 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 06 ) </Td> <Td> 520 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 111 </Th> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> `` White Whale '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> May 13 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> 521 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 112 </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> `` Jake & Amy '' </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> May 20 , 2018 ( 2018 - 05 - 20 ) </Td> <Td> 522 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Vick , Megan ( June 16 , 2016 ) . `` Here Are Fox 's Fall Premiere Dates '' . TV Guide . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mathews , Liam ( August 8 , 2016 ) . `` Get Ready for a New Girl / Brooklyn Nine - Nine Crossover Event '' . TV Guide . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Vick , Megan ( May 12 , 2017 ) . `` Brooklyn Nine - Nine Will Fight Crime for Another Season ! '' . TVGuide.com . Retrieved June 13 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Andreeva , Nellie ( June 22 , 2017 ) . `` Fox Sets Fall 2017 Premiere Dates : ' Empire ' , New Marvel Drama ' The Gifted ' , Seth MacFarlane 's ' Orville ' & More '' . Deadline Hollywood . Retrieved June 22 , 2017 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Brooklyn Nine - Nine on FOX '' . The Futon Critic . Retrieved March 21 , 2018 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( September 18 , 2013 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' Dads ' , ' Whose Line Is It Anyway ? ' & ' Brooklyn Nine - Nine ' Adjusted Up ; ' Capture ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved September 19 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( September 25 , 2013 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' , ' The Voice ' & ' NCIS ' Adjusted Up ; ' The Goldbergs ' & ' Chicago Fire ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved September 26 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( October 2 , 2013 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' , ' The Voice , ' NCIS ' & ' Person of Interest ' Adjusted Up ; ' Chicago Fire ' & ' Lucky 7 ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved October 2 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( October 9 , 2013 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' , ' NCIS ' & ' The Voice ' Adjusted Up ; ' Chicago Fire ' , ' The Goldbergs ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved October 9 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Bibel , Sara ( October 16 , 2013 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : NCIS , Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D , The biggest Loser , Dads & Person of Interest Adjusted Up ; ' Chicago Fire ' & ' Supernatural Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved October 16 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( October 23 , 2013 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Voice ' , ' Marvel 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. ' & ' Supernatural ' Adjusted Up ; ' NCIS : Los Angeles ' & ' The Mindy Project ' Adjusted Down '' . TV by the Numbers . Retrieved October 23 , 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kondolojy , Amanda ( November 6 , 2013 ) . `` Tuesday Final Ratings : ' The Voice ' Adjusted Up ; ' Trophy

Brooklyn Nine-Nine Season 5 Episode 12 aired on

When does brooklyn nine nine season 5 episode 12?

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</P> <P> In January 1879 Hicks Beach wrote to Bartle Frere : </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` I may observe that the communications which had previously been received from you had not entirely prepared them '' ( Her Majesty 's Government ) `` for the course which you have deemed it necessary to take . The representations made by Lord Chelmsford and yourself last autumn as to the urgent need of strengthening Her Majesty 's forces in South Africa were based upon the imminent danger of an invasion of Natal by the Zulus , and the inadequate means at that time at your disposal for meeting it . In order to afford protection to the lives and property of the colonists , the reinforcements asked for were supplied , and , in informing you of the decision of Her Majesty 's Government , I took the opportunity of impressing upon you the importance of using every effort to avoid war . But the terms which you have dictated to the Zulu king , however necessary to relieve the colony in future from an impending and increasing danger , are evidently such as he may not improbably refuse , even at the risk of war ; and I regret that the necessity for immediate action should have appeared to you so imperative as to preclude you from incurring the delay which would have been involved in consulting Her Majesty 's Government upon a subject of so much importance as the terms which Cetywayo should be required to accept before those terms were actually presented to the Zulu king . '' </Dd> </Dl> <P> Hicks Beach had earlier admitted his helplessness with regard to the Frere 's actions in a telling note to his Prime Minister : </P> <Dl> <Dd> `` I have impressed this ( non-aggressive ) view upon Sir B. Frere , both officially and privately , to the best of my power . But I can not really control him without a telegraph ( I do n't know that I could with one ) I feel it is as likely as not that he is at war with the Zulus at the present moment . '' </Dd> </Dl> <P> Frere wanted to provoke a conflict with the Zulus and in that goal he succeeded . Cetshwayo rejected the demands of 11 December , by not responding by the end of the year . A concession was granted by Bartle Frere until 11 January 1879 , after which Bartle Frere deemed a state of war to exist . The British forces intended for the defense of Natal had already been on the march with the intention to attack the Zulu kingdom . On 10 January they were poised on the border . On 11 January , they crossed the border and invaded Zululand . </P> <H3> Terms of the ultimatum ( edit ) </H3> <P> The terms which were included in the ultimatum delivered to the representatives of King Cetshwayo on the banks of the Thukela river at the Ultimatum Tree on 11 December 1878 . No time was specified for compliance with item 4 , twenty days were allowed for compliance with items 1 -- 3 , that is , until 31 December inclusive ; ten days more were allowed for compliance with the remaining demands , items 4 -- 13 . The earlier time limits were subsequently altered so that all expired on 10 January 1879 . </P> <Ol> <Li> Surrender of Sihayo 's three sons and brother to be tried by the Natal courts . </Li> <Li> Payment of a fine of five hundred head of cattle for the outrages committed by the above and for Cetshwayo 's delay in complying with the request of the Natal Government for the surrender of the offenders . </Li> <Li> Payment of a hundred head of cattle for the offence committed against Messrs. Smith and Deighton . </Li> <Li> Surrender of the Swazi chief Umbilini and others to be named hereafter , to be tried by the Transvaal courts . </Li> <Li> Observance of the coronation promises . </Li> <Li> That the Zulu army be disbanded and the men allowed to go home . </Li> <Li> That the Zulu military system be discontinued and other military regulations adopted , to be decided upon after consultation with the Great Council and British Representatives . </Li> <Li> That every man , when he comes to man 's estate , shall be free to marry . </Li> <Li> All missionaries and their converts , who until 1877 lived in Zululand , shall be allowed to return and reoccupy their stations . </Li> <Li> All such missionaries shall be allowed to teach and any Zulu , if he chooses , shall be free to listen to their teaching . </Li> <Li> A British Agent shall be allowed to reside in Zululand , who will see that the above provisions are carried out . </Li> <Li> All disputes in which a missionary or European is concerned , shall be heard by the king in public and in presence of the Resident . </Li> <Li> No sentence of expulsion from Zululand shall be carried out until it has been approved by the Resident . </Li> </Ol> <P> For his part , Cetshwayo strenuously attempted to avoid war with the British and , should it occur , limit its scope and effects . He ordered his troops to defend their country only if attacked and not to carry the war beyond its borders . He directed them to avoid killing any of the invaders other than the regular British soldiers in their red coats . </P> <H2> British invasion and repulse ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : Battle of Inyezane , Battle of Isandlwana , Battle of Rorke 's Drift , Siege of Eshowe , Battle of Intombe , Battle of Hlobane , Battle of Kambula , and Battle of Gingindlovu Battle of Isandlwana painting by Charles Edwin Fripp ( 1854 -- 1906 ) <P> The pretext for the war had its origins in border disputes between the Zulu leader , Cetshwayo , and the Boers in the Transvaal region . Following a commission enquiry on the border dispute which reported in favour of the Zulu nation in July 1878 , Sir Henry Bartle Frere , acting on his own , added an ultimatum to the commission meeting , much to the surprise of the Zulu representatives who then relayed it to Cetshwayo . Cetshwayo had not responded by the end of the year , so an extension was granted by Bartle Frere until 11 January 1879 . Cetshwayo returned no answer to the demands of Bartle Frere , and in January 1879 a British force under Lieutenant General Frederick Augustus Thesiger , 2nd Baron Chelmsford invaded Zululand , without authorization by the British Government . </P> <P> Lord Chelmsford , the Commander - in - Chief of British forces during the war , initially planned a five - pronged invasion of Zululand composed of over 15,000 troops in five columns and designed to encircle the Zulu army and force it to fight as he was concerned that the Zulus would avoid battle . In the event , Chelmsford settled on three invading columns with the main center column , now consisting of some 7800 men comprising the previously called No. 3 Column and Durnford 's No. 2 Column , under his direct command . He moved his troops from Pietermaritzburg to a forward camp at Helpmekaar , past Greytown . On 9 January 1879 they moved to Rorke 's Drift , and early on 11 January commenced crossing the Buffalo River into Zululand . Three columns were to invade Zululand , from the Lower Tugela , Rorke 's Drift , and Utrecht respectively , their objective being Ulundi , the royal capital . </P> <P> While Cetshwayo 's army numbered perhaps 35,000 men , it was essentially a militia force which could be called out in time of national danger . It had a very limited logistical capacity and could only stay in the field a few weeks before the troops would be obliged to return to their civilian duties . Zulu warriors were armed primarily with Assegai thrusting spears , known in Zulu as iklwa , clubs , some throwing spears and shields made of cowhide . </P> <P> The initial entry of all three columns was unopposed . On 22 January the centre column , which had advanced from Rorke 's Drift , was encamped near Isandlwana ; on the morning of that day Lord Chelmsford split his forces and moved out to support a reconnoitering party , leaving the camp in charge of Colonel Pulleine . The British were outmanoeuvred by the main Zulu army nearly 20,000 strong led by Ntshingwayo kaMahole Khoza . Chelmsford was lured eastward with much of his centre column by a Zulu diversionary force while the main Impi attacked his camp . Chelmsford 's decision not to set up the British camp defensively , contrary to established doctrine , and ignoring information that the Zulus were close at hand were decisions that the British were soon to regret . The ensuing Battle of Isandlwana was the greatest victory that the Zulu kingdom would enjoy during the war . The British centre column was wrecked and its camp annihilated with heavy casualties as well as the loss of all its supplies , ammunition and transport . The defeat left Chelmsford no choice but to hastily retreat out of Zululand . In the battle 's aftermath , a party of some 4,000 Zulu reserves mounted an unauthorised raid on the nearby British army border post of Rorke 's Drift and were driven off after 10 hours of ferocious fighting . </P> Zulu warriors , 1879 ( Charles Edwin Fripp ) <P> While the British central column under Chelmsford 's command was thus engaged , the right flank column on the coast , under Colonel Charles Pearson , crossed the Tugela River , skirmished with a Zulu impi that was attempting to set up an ambush at the Inyezane River , and advanced as far as the deserted missionary station of Eshowe , which he set about fortifying . On learning of the disaster at Isandlwana , Pearson made plans to withdraw back beyond the Tugela River . However , before he had decided whether or not to put these plans into effect , the Zulu army managed to cut off his supply lines , and the Siege of Eshowe had begun . </P> <P> Meanwhile , the left flank column at Utrecht , under Colonel Evelyn Wood , had originally been charged with occupying the Zulu tribes of north - west Zululand and preventing them from interfering with the British central column 's advance on Ulundi . To this end Wood set up camp at Tinta 's Kraal , just 10 miles south of Hlobane Mountain , where a force of 4,000 Zulus had been spotted . He planned to attack them on 24 January , but on learning of the disaster at Isandlwana , he decided to withdraw back to the Kraal . Thus one month after the British invasion , only their left flank column remained militarily effective , and it was too weak to conduct a campaign alone . The first invasion of Zululand had been a failure . </P> Battle of the Intombe river <P> It had never been Cetshwayo 's intention to invade Natal , but to simply fight within the boundaries of the Zulu kingdom . Chelmsford used the next two months to regroup and build a fresh invading force with the initial intention of relieving Pearson at Eshowe . The British government rushed seven regiments of re-inforcements to Natal , along with two artillery batteries . </P> <P> On 12 March , an armed escort of stores marching to Luneberg , was defeated by about 500 Zulus at the Battle of Intombe ; the British force suffered 80 killed and all the stores were lost . The first troops arrived at Durban on 7 March . On the 29th a column , under Lord Chelmsford , consisting of 3,400 British and

The leader of the Zulu in South Africa who led the fight against the British was

Who was the leader of the zulu in south africa who led the fight against the british?

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flavus , also meaning `` yellow '' . Most authorities , especially French , attest the Frankish origin . The word was reintroduced into English in the 17th century from French , and was for some time considered French ; in French , `` blonde '' is a feminine adjective ; it describes a woman with blonde hair . </P> <H3> Usage </H3> Emperor Pedro II of Brazil with blond hair , c. 1846 <P> `` Blond '' , with its continued gender - varied usage , is one of few adjectives in written English to retain separate masculine and feminine grammatical genders . Each of the two forms , however , is pronounced identically . American Heritage 's Book of English Usage propounds that , insofar as `` a blonde '' can be used to describe a woman but not a man who is merely said to possess blond ( e ) hair , the term is an example of a `` sexist stereotype ( whereby ) women are primarily defined by their physical characteristics . '' The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED ) records that the phrase `` big blond beast '' was used in the 20th century to refer specifically to men `` of the Nordic type '' ( that is to say , blond - haired ) . The OED also records that blond as an adjective is especially used with reference to women , in which case it is likely to be spelt `` blonde '' , citing three Victorian usages of the term . The masculine version is used in the plural , in `` blonds of the European race '' , in a citation from 1833 Penny cyclopedia , which distinguishes genuine blondness as a Caucasian feature distinct from albinism . </P> <P> By the early 1990s , `` blonde moment '' or being a `` dumb blonde '' had come into common parlance to mean `` an instance of a person , esp . a woman ... being foolish or scatter - brained . '' Another hair color word of French origin , brunet ( te ) ( from the same Germanic root that gave `` brown '' ) , functions in the same way in orthodox English . The OED gives `` brunet '' as meaning `` dark - complexioned '' or a `` dark - complexioned person '' , citing a comparative usage of brunet and blond to Thomas Henry Huxley in saying , `` The present contrast of blonds and brunets existed among them . '' `` Brunette '' can be used , however , like `` blonde '' , to describe a mixed - gender populace . The OED quotes Grant Allen , `` The nation which resulted ... being sometimes blonde , sometimes brunette . '' </P> <P> `` Blond '' and `` blonde '' are also occasionally used to refer to objects that have a color reminiscent of fair hair . For example , the OED records its use in 19th - century poetic diction to describe flowers , `` a variety of clay ironstone of the coal measures '' , `` the colour of raw silk '' , a breed of ray , lager beer , and pale wood . </P> <H2> Varieties </H2> <P> Various subcategories of blond hair have been defined to describe the different shades and sources of the hair color more accurately . Common examples include the following : </P> Blondes of different shades at WTMD 's First Thursday series in Canton , Baltimore , Maryland , United States , in June 2014 <Ul> <Li> ash - blond : ashen or grayish blond . </Li> <Li> bleached blond , bottle blond , or peroxide blond : terms used to refer to artificially colored blond hair . </Li> <Li> blond / flaxen : when distinguished from other varieties , `` blond '' by itself refers to a light but not whitish blond , with no traces of red , gold , or brown ; this color is often described as `` flaxen '' . </Li> <Li> dirty blond or dishwater blond : dark blond with flecks of golden blond and brown . </Li> <Li> golden blond : a darker to rich , golden - yellow blond ( found mostly in Northeastern Europe , i.e. , Russia , Estonia ) . </Li> <Li> honey blond : dark iridescent blond . </Li> <Li> platinum blond or towheaded : whitish - blond ; almost all platinum blonds are children , although it is found on people in Northern Europe . `` Platinum blond '' is often used to describe bleached hair , while `` towheaded '' generally refers to natural hair color . </Li> <Li> sandy blond : grayish - hazel or cream - colored blond . </Li> <Li> strawberry blond or Venetian blond : reddish blond </Li> <Li> yellow : yellow - blond ( `` yellow '' can also be used to refer to hair which has been dyed yellow ) . </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> <P> A woman with long blonde hair </P> </Li> <Li> <P> A young man with light blond hair </P> </Li> <Li> <P> A woman with long blonde hair from behind </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Evolution of blond hair </H2> <P> Natural lighter hair colors occur most often in Europe and less frequently in other areas . In Northern European populations , the occurrence of blond hair is very frequent . The hair color gene MC1R has at least seven variants in Europe , giving the continent a wide range of hair and eye shades . Based on a genetic research carried out at three Japanese universities , the date of the genetic mutation that resulted in blond hair in Europe has been isolated to about 11,000 years ago during the last ice age . </P> <P> A typical explanation found in the scientific literature for the evolution of light hair is related to the evolution of light skin , and in turn the requirement for vitamin D synthesis and northern Europe 's seasonal less solar radiation . Lighter skin is due to a low concentration in pigmentation , thus allowing more sunlight to trigger the production of vitamin D. In this way , high frequencies of light hair in northern latitudes are a result of the light skin adaptation to lower levels of solar radiation , which reduces the prevalence of rickets caused by vitamin D deficiency . The darker pigmentation at higher latitudes in certain ethnic groups such as the Inuit is explained by a greater proportion of seafood in their diet and by the climate which they live in , because in the polar climate there is more ice or snow on the ground , and this reflects the solar radiation onto the skin , making this environment lack the conditions for the person to have blond , brown or red hair , light skin and blue , grey or green eyes . </P> <P> An alternative hypothesis was presented by Canadian anthropologist Peter Frost , who claims blond hair evolved very quickly in a specific area at the end of the last ice age by means of sexual selection . According to Frost , the appearance of blond hair and blue eyes in some northern European women made them stand out from their rivals , and more sexually appealing to men , at a time of fierce competition for scarce males . </P> <P> Recent archaeological and genetic study published in 2014 found that seven `` Scandinavian hunter - gatherers '' found in the 7,700 - year - old Motala archaeological site in southern Sweden had both light skin gene variants , SLC24A5 and SLC45A2 , and that they had a third gene , HERC2 / OCA2 , which causes blue eyes and also contributes to lighter skin and blond hair . Genetic research published in 2014 and 2015 also indicates that Yamnaya Proto - Indo - Europeans who migrated to Europe in the Bronze Age were overwhelmingly dark - eyed ( brown ) , dark - haired and had a skin colour that was moderately light , though somewhat darker than that of the average modern European . Light pigmentation traits had already existed in pre-Indo - European Europeans ( both farmers and hunter - gatherers ) , and long - standing philological attempts to correlate them with the arrival of Indo - Europeans from the steppes were misguided . </P> <P> It is now hypothesized by researchers that blond hair evolved more than once . Published in May 2012 in Science , a study of people from the Solomon Islands in Melanesia found that an amino acid change in TYRP1 produced blonde hair . </P> <H2> Prevalence </H2> Toddler with golden blonde hair <P> Blond hair is most common in light - skinned infants and children , so much so that the term `` baby blond '' is often used for very light colored hair . Babies may be born with blond hair even among groups where adults rarely have blond hair , although such natural hair usually falls out quickly . Blond hair tends to turn darker with age , and many children 's blond hair turns light , medium , dark brown or black before or during their adult years . Because blond hair tends to turn brunette with age , natural blond hair is rare in adulthood ; according to the sociologist Christie Davies , only around five percent of adults in Europe and North America are naturally blond . A study conducted in 2003 concluded that only four percent of American adults are naturally blond . Nonetheless , a significant majority of Caucasian women ( perhaps as high as three in four ) dye their hair blond , a significantly higher percentage than for any other hair color . </P> <H3> Europe </H3> A map published by Carleton S. Coon , attributed to Elmer Rising ( 1939 ) <P> Blond hair is most common in Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea countries , where true blondism is believed to have originated . The pigmentation of both hair and eyes is lightest around the Baltic Sea , and darkness increases regularly and almost concentrically around this region . </P> <P> In France , according to a source published 1939 , blondism is more common in Normandy , and less common in the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean seacoast ; 26 % of French population has blond or light brown hair . A 2007 study of French females showed that by then roughly 20 % were blonde , although half of these blondes were fully fake . Roughly ten percent of French females are natural blondes , of which 60 % bleach their hair to a lighter nuance of blonde . </P> <P> In Portugal , an average 11 % of the population shows traces of blondism , peaking at 14.3 -- 15.1 % blondes in Povoa de Varzim in northern Portugal . In northern Spain , 17 % of the population shows traces of blondism , but in southern Spain just 2 % of the people are blond . In Italy , a study of Italian men conducted by Ridolfo Livi between 1859 and 1863 on the records of the National Conscription Service showed that 8.2 % of Italian men exhibited blond hair . Blondism frequency varies among regions from 12.6 % in Veneto , to 1.7 % in Sardinia . In a more detailed study from the 20th century geneticist Renato Biasutti , the regional contrasts of blondism frequency are better shown , with a greater occurrence in the northern regions where the figure could be over 20 % , and a lesser occurrence in the south such as Sardinia where the frequency was less than 2.4 % . With the exception of Benevento and the surrounding area where various shades of blond hair were present in 10 % -- 14.9 % of the population , other southern regions averaged between 2.5 % and 7.4 % . </P> <H3> Africa </H3> <P> Blondism is a common sight among Berbers of North Africa , especially in the Rif and Kabyle region . Blondism frequency varies among Berbers from 1 %

Blonde hair and green eyes originate from

Where does blonde hair green eyes come from?

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Fix You - wikipedia <H1> Fix You </H1> This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 20 October 2017 . Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( July 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> For the Offspring song of the same name , see Rise and Fall , Rage and Grace . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Fix You '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Coldplay </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album X&Y </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` The World Turned Upside Down '' </Li> <Li> `` Pour Me '' ( Live at the Hollywood Bowl ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 5 September 2005 ( 2005 - 09 - 05 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 7 '' </Li> <Li> CD </Li> <Li> digital download </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Post-Britpop </Li> <Li> alternative rock </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 4 : 54 ( album version ) </Li> <Li> 4 : 07 ( radio edit ) </Li> <Li> 4 : 37 ( single version ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Parlophone </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Chris Martin </Li> <Li> Jonny Buckland </Li> <Li> Guy Berryman </Li> <Li> Will Champion </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Ken Nelson </Li> <Li> Coldplay </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Coldplay singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Speed of Sound '' ( 2005 ) </Td> <Td> `` Fix You '' ( 2005 ) </Td> <Td> `` Talk '' ( 2005 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Speed of Sound '' ( 2005 ) </Td> <Td> `` Fix You '' ( 2005 ) </Td> <Td> `` Talk '' ( 2005 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Music video </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> `` Fix You '' on YouTube </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Fix You '' is a song by the British rock band Coldplay . It was written by all four members of the band for their third studio album , X&Y ( 2005 ) . The track is built around an organ accompanied by slow tempo drums and vocals . </P> <P> It was released on 5 September 2005 as the second single from X&Y and has reached number 4 on the UK Singles Chart . The song reached number 18 in the United States Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks . Promo singles were released for the UK and US . Blythe Danner , the mother of Gwyneth Paltrow and former mother - in - law of Chris Martin , stated in an interview in May 2012 that Martin ' wrote the song for Gwyneth when her father died and I weep every time I hear it ' . </P> <P> `` Fix You '' was critically acclaimed by music critics . It has been widely sampled , with different covers and sounds . The music video was garnered as a tribute to the 7 July 2005 London bombings . The guitar solo of `` Fix You '' is currently used as the player introduction at all of the National Hockey League 's Montreal Canadiens ' home games , during the three stars of the game selection after every Los Angeles Kings home win , and was played at Staples Center as the Stanley Cup was brought on the ice after the Kings ' victory in the 2014 Stanley Cup Final . The song is also used for the 2015 -- 16 New York Islanders inaugural season in Barclays Center . </P> <P> The song was played live at the Steve Jobs memorial / celebration - of - life event at Apple headquarters on 19 October 2011 in Cupertino , California and at One Love Manchester charity concert on 4 June 2017 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Composition </Li> <Li> 3 Release </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 Music video </Li> <Li> 6 In popular culture <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Cover versions </Li> <Li> 6.2 Film and television </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Track listing </Li> <Li> 8 Personnel </Li> <Li> 9 Charts and certifications <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Charts </Li> <Li> 9.2 Certifications </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> When writing the song , lead singer Martin originally intended to use a church - style organ for the track . Unable to gain access to the instrument , Martin instead used an old keyboard that his late father - in - law , Bruce Paltrow , gave to his daughter Gwyneth . However , in other instances Martin has claimed that `` Fix You '' is influenced by English alternative rock band Elbow 's 2003 anthem `` Grace Under Pressure '' . </P> <P> When asked about the development of the song , Martin said : `` My father - in - law Bruce Paltrow bought this big keyboard just before he died . No one had ever plugged it in . I plugged it in , and there was this incredible sound I 'd never heard before . All these songs poured out from this one sound . Something has to inspire you , and something else takes over . It 's very cloudy . '' Martin also noted that the song is `` probably the most important song we 've ever written '' . </P> <P> During a track - by - track analysis bassist Guy Berryman admitted that the song takes `` a bit of inspiration '' from Jimmy Cliff 's 1969 song `` Many Rivers to Cross '' . Berryman also added , `` It becomes its own thing , kind of like points of inspiration that kind of lead you down certain paths . Whenever you want to write a song like someone else , it ultimately ends up sounding like something different anyway . '' </P> <H2> Composition ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Fix You '' excerpt The music of `` Fix You '' is built around a church - style organ . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The song , which is written in the key of E-flat major , features an organ and piano sound . The song starts with a hushed electric organ ballad , including Martin 's falsetto . The song then builds with acoustic guitar and piano , along with a string section during the beginning choruses . The sound then shifts with a plaintive three - note guitar line , ringing through a rhythmic upbeat drum tempo . The song then transitions to its bridge , which roars into an instrumentation of piano notes , electric & bass guitar riffs , drums , and a singalong chorus with an anthemic feel . A synthesizer then joins the instrumentation , during the second half of the bridge . The song finally ends with the beginning chorus , with slow , melancholic piano notes being played in the background . </P> <P> The message throughout the song , in which Martin sings , is words of encouragement : `` Lights will guide you home / And ignite your bones / And I will try to fix you . '' Michele Hatty of USA Weekend reported that Martin sings about recovering from grief in the song . Travis Gass of the Bangor Daily News wrote that Martin offers his sympathies for the downtrodden , with `` When you love someone but it goes to waste / Could it be worse ? '' . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> Coldplay released `` Fix You '' in the UK and US on 5 September 2005 as the second single of their third album . The single was pressed with two B - sides : `` The World Turned Upside Down '' and `` Pour Me '' . On 14 September 2005 , the band released the Fix You EP in the iTunes Store . In response to Hurricane Katrina , all of the sales went to the American Red Cross Hurricane 2005 Relief and the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences ' MusiCares Hurricane Relief Fund . Promotional singles were released in the UK and US . </P> <P> The track peaked at number four in the UK Singles Chart on 17 September 2005 . As of 30 July 2011 , the song had spent 122 weeks on that chart . It peaked at number 59 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 18 on the Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks . The song also charted on the Billboard Pop 100 and Hot Digital Songs . The single appeared in Australia 's Singles Chart in the number four position on 18 September 2005 , after retiring in the 58 spot . It also appeared at number eight on the Irish Singles Chart and spent seven consecutive weeks on the chart . On 14 November 2010 , the song re-entered the Australian singles chart at number 37 . </P> <P> In 2005 , Coldplay performed the song live on Saturday Night Live and the Live 8 event in July . It has also become the anthem for the event . </P> <P> In 2009 , the song also appeared on Coldplay 's live album , LeftRightLeftRightLeft . </P> <P> On 19 October 2011 , the band played the song at the `` Celebrating Steve '' event for Apple employees over a global media stream to all the Apple Stores . This event was also available for Apple customers via the company website . On 4 June 2017 , Coldplay performed `` Fix You '' at the One Love Manchester benefit concert for the victims of the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing . </P> <H2> Reception ( edit ) </H2> Chris Martin playing `` Fix You '' on a synthesiser during the band 's 2008 Viva la Vida Tour <P> The song received widespread acclaim from music critics . In the Rolling Stone Magazine review of the album , critic Kelefa Sanneh wrote : `` One of the best is ' Fix You ' , an unabashedly sentimental song where Martin delivers words of encouragement in a gentle falsetto ( ... ) Proving once more that no band can deliver a stately rock ballad like this one . '' Paul McNamee of NME magazine wrote : `` It 's a wonderful song that shifts from simple stark piano and voice to a ringing , clattering burst of intent and proto - prog four - part harmony . '' Adrien Begrand of PopMatters in his review of the album , noted the song as the `` best ballad '' off X&Y . In 2005 , the song appeared at number two on Q magazine 's `` 100 Greatest Tracks of the Year '' , and was listed as one of the `` Tracks of the Year '' by NME in 2005 . </P> <H2> Music video ( edit ) </H2> <P> The music video for `` Fix You '' was directed by Sophie Muller , who had previously worked with the band for their 2002 video `` In My Place '' . The video was filmed at the end of two concerts on 4 and 5 July 2005 at the Reebok Stadium in Bolton , England , which were the band 's first ever stadium performances . The concert goers doubled as extras for the video shoot , which required two takes on each day to complete . </P> <P> In the

The Coldplay song with the lyrics "I will try to fix you" is

Coldplay song i will try to fix you?

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NBA All - Star game records - wikipedia <H1> NBA All - Star game records </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For NBA regular season records , see NBA regular season records . For NBA playoff and Finals records , see NBA post-season records . <P> This article lists all - time leading figures achieved in the NBA All - Star Game in every major statistical category recognized by the league . This includes statistical records set by individuals in single All - Star games and over the course of their careers . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Individual <Ul> <Li> 1.1 MVPs </Li> <Li> 1.2 All - Star selections </Li> <Li> 1.3 Scoring </Li> <Li> 1.4 Minutes </Li> <Li> 1.5 Rebounds </Li> <Li> 1.6 Assists </Li> <Li> 1.7 Field goals </Li> <Li> 1.8 Free throws </Li> <Li> 1.9 Three - point shooting </Li> <Li> 1.10 Steals </Li> <Li> 1.11 Blocks </Li> <Li> 1.12 Triple doubles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Team <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Scoring </Li> <Li> 2.2 Field goals </Li> <Li> 2.3 Three - point field goals </Li> <Li> 2.4 Free throws </Li> <Li> 2.5 Rebounds </Li> <Li> 2.6 Assists </Li> <Li> 2.7 Steals </Li> <Li> 2.8 Blocks </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 All - Star Weekend records </Li> <Li> 4 Other records </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Individual ( edit ) </H2> Bob Pettit was named MVP of the NBA All - Star Game four times and holds the All - Star single - game record for rebounds with 27 . <H3> MVPs ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Most awards </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 4 by Bob Pettit ( 1 shared award ) ( 1956 , 1958 , 1959 , 1962 ) </Li> <Li> 4 by Kobe Bryant ( 1 shared award ) ( 2002 , 2007 , 2009 , 2011 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most consecutive awards </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 2 by Bob Pettit ( 1 shared title ) ( 1958 , 1959 ) </Li> <Li> 2 by Russell Westbrook ( 2015 , 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <H3> All - Star selections ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Most selections </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 19 by Kareem Abdul - Jabbar </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most consecutive selections </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 17 by Kobe Bryant </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most games played </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 18 by Kareem Abdul - Jabbar </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most games started </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 15 by Kobe Bryant </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Scoring ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Most points per game -- career ( 3 games min . ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 28.7 by Anthony Davis </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most points -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 314 by LeBron James </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most points -- game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 52 by Anthony Davis ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most points -- half </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 30 by Anthony Davis ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most points -- quarter </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 20 by Glen Rice ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> 20 by Anthony Davis ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Minutes ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Most minutes -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 449 by Kareem Abdul - Jabbar </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most minutes -- game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 42 by Oscar Robertson ( 1964 ) </Li> <Li> 42 by Bill Russell ( 1964 ) </Li> <Li> 42 by Jerry West ( 1964 ) </Li> <Li> 42 by Nate Thurmond ( 1967 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most minutes per game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 32.7 by Bob Pettit </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Rebounds ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Most rebounds -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 197 by Wilt Chamberlain </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most offensive rebounds -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 44 by Moses Malone </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most defensive rebounds -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 98 by Tim Duncan </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most rebounds -- game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 27 by Bob Pettit ( 1962 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most rebounds per game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 16.2 by Bob Pettit </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most offensive rebounds -- game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 10 by Kobe Bryant ( 2011 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most defensive rebounds -- game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 19 by Dikembe Mutombo ( 2001 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most rebounds -- half </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 16 by Bob Pettit ( 1962 ) </Li> <Li> 16 by Wilt Chamberlain ( 1960 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most rebounds -- quarter </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 10 by Bob Pettit ( 1962 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Assists ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Most assists -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 127 by Magic Johnson </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most assists -- game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 22 by Magic Johnson ( 1984 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most assists per game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 13.3 by Chris Paul </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most assists -- half </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 13 by Magic Johnson ( 1984 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most assists -- quarter </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 9 by John Stockton ( 1989 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Field goals ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Highest field goal percentage -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> . 833 by Brandon Roy </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most field goals made -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 129 by LeBron James </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most field goals made -- game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 26 by Anthony Davis ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most field goals made -- half </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 15 by Anthony Davis ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most field goals made -- quarter </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 10 by Anthony Davis ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most field goals attempted -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 238 by Kobe Bryant </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most field goals attempted -- game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 39 by Anthony Davis ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most field goals attempted -- half </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 22 by Anthony Davis ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most field goals attempted -- quarter </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 15 by Anthony Davis ( 2017 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Free throws ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Highest free throw percentage -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 1.000 by Archie Clark </Li> <Li> 1.000 by Gary Payton </Li> <Li> 1.000 by Clyde Drexler </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most free throws made -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 78 by Elgin Baylor </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most free throws made -- game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 12 by Elgin Baylor ( 1962 ) </Li> <Li> 12 by Oscar Robertson ( 1965 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most free throws made -- half </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 10 by Zelmo Beaty ( 1966 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most free throws made -- quarter </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 9 by Zelmo Beaty ( 1966 ) </Li> <Li> 9 by Julius Erving ( 1978 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most free throws attempted -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 98 by Elgin Baylor </Li> <Li> 98 by Oscar Robertson </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most free throws attempted -- game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 16 by Wilt Chamberlain ( 1962 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most free throws attempted -- half </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 12 by Zelmo Beaty ( 1966 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most free throws attempted -- quarter </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 11 by Julius Erving ( 1978 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Three - point shooting ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Highest three point percentage -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> . 600 by Glen Rice </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most three point field goals made -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 31 by LeBron James </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most three point field goals made -- game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 9 by Paul George ( 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most three point field goals made -- half </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 7 by Russell Westbrook ( 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most three point field goals attempted -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 90 by LeBron James </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most three point field goals attempted -- game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 19 by Paul George ( 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most three point field goals attempted -- half </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 11 by Kevin Durant ( 2014 ) </Li> <Li> 11 by Paul George ( 2016 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Steals ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Most steals -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 38 by Kobe Bryant </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most steals per game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 3.2 by Rick Barry </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most steals -- game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 8 by Rick Barry ( 1975 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most steals -- half </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 5 by Larry Bird ( 1986 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most steals -- quarter </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 4 by Fred Brown ( 1976 ) </Li> <Li> 4 by Larry Bird ( 1986 ) </Li> <Li> 4 by Isiah Thomas ( 1989 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Blocks ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Most blocks -- career </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 31 by Kareem Abdul - Jabbar </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most blocks per game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 2.0 by Alonzo Mourning </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most blocks -- game </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 6 by Kareem Abdul - Jabbar ( 1980 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most blocks -- half </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 4 by Kareem Abdul - Jabbar ( 1980 ) </Li> <Li> 4 by Michael Jordan ( 1988 ) </Li> <Li> 4 by Hakeem Olajuwon ( 1994 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Most blocks -- quarter </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> 4 by Kareem Abdul - Jabbar ( 1980 ) </Li> </Ul> </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Triple doubles ( edit ) </H3> <Dl> <Dd> <Ul> <Li> Michael Jordan -- 14 points , 11 rebounds , 11 assists in 26 minutes ( 1997 ) </Li> <Li> LeBron James -- 29 points , 12 rebounds , 10 assists in 32 minutes ( 2011 ) </Li> <Li> Dwyane Wade -- 24 points , 10 rebounds , 10 assists in 33 minutes ( 2012 ) </Li> <Li> Kevin Durant -- 21 points , 10 rebounds , 10

The record for the most assists in an NBA All-Star Game is

Most assists in an nba all star game?

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Tomb Raider ( film ) - wikipedia <H1> Tomb Raider ( film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the 2018 film starring Alicia Vikander . For the 2001 film starring Angelina Jolie , see Lara Croft : Tomb Raider . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Tomb Raider </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Roar Uthaug </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Graham King </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Geneva Robertson - Dworet </Li> <Li> Alastair Siddons </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Story by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Evan Daugherty </Li> <Li> Geneva Robertson - Dworet </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Tomb Raider by Crystal Dynamics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> Alicia Vikander </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Tom Holkenborg </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> George Richmond </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Stuart Baird </Li> <Li> Michael Tronick </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production companies </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer </Li> <Li> Warner Bros. Pictures </Li> <Li> GK Films </Li> <Li> Square Enix </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Warner Bros. Pictures </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> March 2 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 02 ) ( Berlin ) </Li> <Li> March 14 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 14 ) ( United Kingdom ) </Li> <Li> March 16 , 2018 ( 2018 - 03 - 16 ) ( United States ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 118 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> United Kingdom </Li> <Li> United States </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $90 - 106 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $270.7 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Tomb Raider is a 2018 action - adventure film directed by Roar Uthaug , with a screenplay by Geneva Robertson - Dworet and Alastair Siddons , from a story by Evan Daugherty and Robertson - Dworet . It is based on the 2013 video game of the same name , with some elements of its sequel by Crystal Dynamics , and is a reboot of the Tomb Raider film series . The film stars Alicia Vikander as Lara Croft , who embarks on a perilous journey to her father 's last - known destination , hoping to solve the mystery of his disappearance . Dominic West , Walton Goggins , Daniel Wu , and Kristin Scott Thomas appear in supporting roles . </P> <P> Principal photography took place from January to June 2017 at the Warner Bros. Studios in the United Kingdom , and in Cape Town , South Africa . The first Tomb Raider film not to be distributed by Paramount Pictures , it was released in the United Kingdom on March 14 , 2018 and in the United States on March 16 , 2018 by Warner Bros. Pictures , in RealD 3D , IMAX 3D and IMAX . It has grossed $270 million worldwide , lifting it provisionally into the Top 10 highest - grossing film of 2018 ; currently , it ranks at 11th place . </P> <P> The film received mixed reviews from critics , with some describing the plot as `` paint - by - numbers '' , and others praising the grittiness and realistic take on the franchise . While Vikander 's performance was highlighted , the characterization of Croft drew a polarized response ; some described her as a `` capable , powerful and unobjectified heroine '' while others called her bland , and a `` punching bag and onlooker . '' </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Filming </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Future </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> Following the disappearance of her father Richard Croft , Lara Croft makes a living as a bike courier . When she is arrested after a bike accident involving a police car , Richard 's business partner Ana Miller posts her bail and warns her that if she does not claim her inheritance , her father 's estate will be sold off . Lara reluctantly accepts and gains access to her father 's office . There she finds a pre-recorded message from Richard detailing his research into Himiko , the mythical Queen of Yamatai who was said to command the power over life and death . Richard warns Lara to destroy all of his research but Lara decides not to so she can investigate further . </P> <P> Lara travels to Hong Kong where she hires Lu Ren , captain of the ship Endurance , to sail into the Devil 's Sea to the island of Yamatai . The ship capsizes in a violent storm and Lara is washed ashore where she is knocked unconscious . She is revived by Mathias Vogel , the leader of an expedition to locate Himiko 's tomb . The expedition has been funded by a shadowy organisation called Trinity that seeks to harness and weaponise Himiko 's power . Vogel takes Lara prisoner , claiming that he killed her father and intends to use Richard 's research to continue his expedition . Lara escapes with the help of Lu Ren , who also survived the storm and has been put to work with the local fishermen digging for Himiko 's tomb . She evades capture but is seriously wounded in the process and passes out from her injuries . </P> <P> Lara regains consciousness after nightfall and is forced to kill a Trinity guard when she is nearly discovered . She follows a mysterious figure wandering the island and discovers that the figure is her father , who himself had been held captive on Yamatai . After Lara convinces him that she is real , Richard treats her injuries . Despite his protests , Lara sets off to recover his research from Vogel 's camp . Lara makes contact with Lu Ren , and he , along with the fishermen , stage distractions that allow Lara to infiltrate the Trinity camp and recover her father 's research . In the ensuing chaos , Richard makes his way to the Himiko 's tomb and is captured by Vogel , who persuades Lara to open the tomb . </P> <P> The party navigates a series of booby traps and locates Himiko 's sarcophagus . Two Trinity soldiers attempt to remove her corpse but become infected by Himiko 's `` power , '' which is actually a disease so potent that mere physical contact triggers immediate bodily disintegration . Vogel shoots the infected soldier , concluding that he can not remove Himiko 's body . He instead settles for detaching a finger , which he seals in a pouch . In the confusion , Lara and Richard overpower the remaining soldiers , though Vogel escapes and Richard becomes infected . Knowing there is no cure , Richard proposes destroying Himiko 's tomb to prevent the virus from spreading across the world . Lara gives chase to Vogel as Richard sets off a bomb , killing himself and sealing the tomb . Lara confronts Vogel and the two fight . Lara overpowers him and force - feeds him Himiko 's severed finger before kicking him down a deep chasm just as the infection takes over . She is rescued by Lu Ren and the fishermen , who then commandeer a Trinity helicopter to escape Yamatai . </P> <P> Lara returns to London , where she formally accepts her inheritance and inadvertently discovers that Trinity 's front company , Patna , is actually a subsidiary of Croft Holdings . She proceeds to investigate Trinity further among her father 's files and begins to suspect that Ana Miller is one of its agents who manipulated her into accepting her inheritance in order to have Lara sign over control of Croft Holdings ' business operations to her when Richard Croft stopped cooperating with Trinity . Having witnessed Trinity 's ruthlessness firsthand , she prepares for her next adventure to thwart their future plans - buying two Heckler & Koch USP Match pistols with stainless slides . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Alicia Vikander as Lara Croft <Ul> <Li> Maisy De Freitas as 7 - year - old Lara </Li> <Li> Emily Carey as 14 - year - old Lara </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Dominic West as Lord Richard Croft , Lara 's archaeologist father . </Li> <Li> Walton Goggins as Mathias Vogel , a rival archaeologist of Richard Croft , and a member of Trinity , a shadowy organization . </Li> <Li> Daniel Wu as Lu Ren , the ship captain who helps Lara to search for her father . </Li> <Li> Kristin Scott Thomas as Ana Miller , an associate at Richard Croft 's company , Croft Holdings . </Li> <Li> Derek Jacobi as Mr. Yaffe , an associate at Croft Holdings . </Li> <Li> Nick Frost as Max , pawn shop owner and gun salesman . </Li> <Li> Jaime Winstone as Pamela , Max 's wife . </Li> <Li> Hannah John - Kamen as Sophie , Croft 's close friend . </Li> <Li> Antonio Aakeel as Nitin Ahuja , a shy friend of Lara . </Li> <Li> Duncan Airlie James as Terry , the Mixed Martial Arts club operator . </Li> </Ul> <P> Additionally , Annabel Wood portrays Rose , Lara 's opponent at the Mixed Martial Arts club , and Shekhar Varma and Rekha John - Cheriyan appear as Nitin 's parents . Josef Altin portrays Bruce , Lara 's boss , Billy Postlethwaite and Roger Nsengiyumva appear as Bill and Rog , Lara 's co-workers and opponents at the race , Michael Obiora portrays Baxter , Croft Holdings 's receptionist , Keenan Arrison portrays Rocket , a Trinity guard , and Alexandre Willaume plays Trinity 's lieutenant . </P> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> GK Films first acquired the rights to make the film in 2011 . Norwegian director Roar Uthaug came on board in November 2015 , and Alicia Vikander was announced as the new Lara Croft in April 2016 . Deadline Hollywood had previously reported that Daisy Ridley was considered for the role , though she later stated in an interview that it was just a `` crazy rumor . '' Walton Goggins was announced to play the villain in December 2016 , and much of the rest of the cast was revealed in early 2017 . </P> <H3> Filming ( edit ) </H3> <P> Principal photography on the film began on January 23 , 2017 in Cape Town , South Africa , and ended on June 9 , 2017 at Warner Bros. Studios , Leavesden . Wilton House near Salisbury in Wiltshire was the location for exterior shots for Croft Manor . The waterfall sequence involving the plane was filmed at a waterpark at Lee Valley , outside of London , at a venue that had been built for the 2012 Summer Olympics , and was combined with footage filmed in South Africa . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> Tomb Raider premiered on March 2 , 2018 in Berlin , Germany , at an exclusive preview with invited guests and cosplaying fans . It was released in the United States on March 16 , 2018 , by Warner Bros. Pictures , days after the fifth anniversary of the franchise 's video game reboot . The film received an IMAX 3D and a RealD 3D release . </P> <P> Outside the US , the film was released in most territories between March 8 -- 16 , 2018 , in Japan on March 21

The cast of the new Tomb Raider movie features

Who is the cast of the new tomb raider movie?

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Ten green bottles - Wikipedia <H1> Ten green bottles </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the Vivian Jeanette Kaplan novel , see Ten Green Bottles ( book ) . Green bottles on a wall . <P> `` Ten Green Bottles '' is a song that is popular in the United Kingdom . In essence , the song is a single verse repeated , each time with one bottle fewer : </P> <P> Ten green bottles hanging on the wall Ten green bottles hanging on the wall And if one green bottle should accidentally fall , There 'll be nine green bottles hanging on the wall . </P> <P> This pattern continues until the number of bottles reaches zero : </P> <P> One green bottle hanging on the wall , One green bottle hanging on the wall , And if that green bottle should accidentally fall , There 'll be no more bottles hanging on the wall . </P> <P> The word `` standing '' or `` sitting '' is sometimes substituted for `` hanging '' . Various other versions of the lyrics exist , many of them vulgar or satirical . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> 99 Bottles of Beer </Li> <Li> Ten German Bombers </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Counting songs : Ten green bottles '' . Schools Raio : Audio resources for primary schools . BBC . 2015 . Retrieved October 9 , 2015 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` Ten Green Bottles '' . Kididdles . Retrieved October 9 , 2015 . </Li> </Ol> <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This song - related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ten_Green_Bottles&oldid=802524474 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Children 's songs </Li> <Li> British culture </Li> <Li> Fictional objects </Li> <Li> Song stubs </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> Deutsch </Li> <Li> Русский </Li> </Ul> Edit links <Ul> <Li> This page was last edited on 26 September 2017 , at 18 : 23 . </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul>

The song "10 Green Bottles" originates from the

Where does the song 10 green bottles come from?

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also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Etymology ( edit ) </H2> <P> The word origin of vertebrate derives from the Latin word vertebratus ( Pliny ) , meaning joint of the spine . The Proto - Indo - European language origins are still unclear . </P> <P> Vertebrate is derived from the word vertebra , which refers to any of the bones or segments of the spinal column . </P> <H2> Anatomy and morphology ( edit ) </H2> See also : Vertebrate anatomy <P> All vertebrates are built along the basic chordate body plan : a stiff rod running through the length of the animal ( vertebral column and / or notochord ) , with a hollow tube of nervous tissue ( the spinal cord ) above it and the gastrointestinal tract below . </P> <P> In all vertebrates , the mouth is found at , or right below , the anterior end of the animal , while the anus opens to the exterior before the end of the body . The remaining part of the body continuing after the anus forms a tail with vertebrae and spinal cord , but no gut . </P> <H3> Vertebral column ( edit ) </H3> <P> The defining characteristic of a vertebrate is the vertebral column , in which the notochord ( a stiff rod of uniform composition ) found in all chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of stiffer elements ( vertebrae ) separated by mobile joints ( intervertebral discs , derived embryonically and evolutionarily from the notochord ) . </P> <P> However , a few vertebrates have secondarily lost this anatomy , retaining the notochord into adulthood , such as the sturgeon and coelacanth . Jawed vertebrates are typified by paired appendages ( fins or legs , which may be secondarily lost ) , but this trait is not required in order for an animal to be a vertebrate . </P> Fossilized skeleton of Diplodocus carnegii , showing an extreme example of the backbone that characterizes the vertebrates . <H3> Gills ( edit ) </H3> Gill arches bearing gills in a pike <P> All basal vertebrates breathe with gills . The gills are carried right behind the head , bordering the posterior margins of a series of openings from the pharynx to the exterior . Each gill is supported by a cartilagenous or bony gill arch . The bony fish have three pairs of arches , cartilaginous fish have five to seven pairs , while the primitive jawless fish have seven . The vertebrate ancestor no doubt had more arches than this , as some of their chordate relatives have more than 50 pairs of gills . </P> <P> In amphibians and some primitive bony fishes , the larvae bear external gills , branching off from the gill arches . These are reduced in adulthood , their function taken over by the gills proper in fishes and by lungs in most amphibians . Some amphibians retain the external larval gills in adulthood , the complex internal gill system as seen in fish apparently being irrevocably lost very early in the evolution of tetrapods . </P> <P> While the more derived vertebrates lack gills , the gill arches form during fetal development , and form the basis of essential structures such as jaws , the thyroid gland , the larynx , the columella ( corresponding to the stapes in mammals ) and , in mammals , the malleus and incus . </P> <H3> Central nervous system ( edit ) </H3> <P> The central nervous system of vertebrates is based on a hollow nerve cord running along the length of the animal . Of particular importance and unique to vertebrates is the presence of neural crest cells . These are progenitors of stem cells , and critical to coordinating the functions of cellular components . Neural crest cells migrate through the body from the nerve cord during development , and initiate the formation of neural ganglia and structures such as the jaws and skull . </P> <P> The vertebrates are the only chordate group to exhibit cephalisation , the concentration of brain functions in the head . A slight swelling of the anterior end of the nerve cord is found in the lancelet , a chordate , though it lacks the eyes and other complex sense organs comparable to those of vertebrates . Other chordates do not show any trends towards cephalisation . </P> <P> A peripheral nervous system branches out from the nerve cord to innervate the various systems . The front end of the nerve tube is expanded by a thickening of the walls and expansion of the central canal of spinal cord into three primary brain vesicles : The prosencephalon ( forebrain ) , mesencephalon ( midbrain ) and rhombencephalon ( hindbrain ) , further differentiated in the various vertebrate groups . Two laterally placed eyes form around outgrowths from the midbrain , except in hagfish , though this may be a secondary loss . The forebrain is well developed and subdivided in most tetrapods , while the midbrain dominates in many fish and some salamanders . Vesicles of the forebrain are usually paired , giving rise to hemispheres like the cerebral hemispheres in mammals . </P> <P> The resulting anatomy of the central nervous system , with a single hollow nerve cord topped by a series of ( often paired ) vesicles , is unique to vertebrates . All invertebrates with well - developed brains , such as insects , spiders and squids , have a ventral rather than dorsal system of ganglions , with a split brain stem running on each side of the mouth or gut . </P> <H2> Evolutionary history ( edit ) </H2> See also : Evolution of fish and Evolution of tetrapods <H3> First vertebrates ( edit ) </H3> The early vertebrate Haikouichthys <P> Vertebrates originated about 525 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion , which saw the rise in organism diversity . The earliest known vertebrate is believed to be the Myllokunmingia . Another early vertebrate is Haikouichthys ercaicunensis . Unlike the other fauna that dominated the Cambrian , these groups had the basic vertebrate body plan : a notochord , rudimentary vertebrae , and a well - defined head and tail . All of these early vertebrates lacked jaws in the common sense and relied on filter feeding close to the seabed . A vertebrate group of uncertain phylogeny , small - eel - like conodonts , are known from microfossils of their paired tooth segments from the late Cambrian to the end of the Triassic . </P> <H3> From fish to amphibians ( edit ) </H3> Acanthostega , a fish - like early labyrinthodont . <P> The first jawed vertebrates appeared in the latest Ordovician and became common in the Devonian , often known as the `` Age of Fishes '' . The two groups of bony fishes , the actinopterygii and sarcopterygii , evolved and became common . The Devonian also saw the demise of virtually all jawless fishes , save for lampreys and hagfish , as well as the Placodermi , a group of armoured fish that dominated the entirety of that period since the late Silurian . The Devonian also saw the rise of the first labyrinthodonts , which was a transitional form between fishes and amphibians . </P> <H3> Mesozoic vertebrates ( edit ) </H3> <P> Amniotes branched from labyrinthodonts in the subsequent Carboniferous period . The Parareptilia and synapsid amniotes were common during the late Paleozoic , while diapsids became dominant during the Mesozoic . In the sea , the bony fishes became dominant ; the birds , a derived form of dinosaurs , evolved in the Jurassic . The demise of the non-avian dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous allowed for the expansion of mammals , which had evolved from the therapsids , a group of synapsid amniotes , during the late Triassic Period . </P> <H3> After the Mesozoic ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Cenozoic world has seen great diversification of bony fishes , frogs , birds and mammals . </P> <P> Over half of all living vertebrate species ( about 32,000 species ) are fish ( non-tetrapod craniates ) , a diverse set of lineages that inhabit all the world 's aquatic ecosystems , from snow minnows ( Cypriniformes ) in Himalayan lakes at elevations over 4,600 metres ( 15,100 feet ) to flatfishes ( order Pleuronectiformes ) in the Challenger Deep , the deepest ocean trench at about 11,000 metres ( 36,000 feet ) . Fishes of myriad varieties are the main predators in most of the world 's water bodies , both freshwater and marine . The rest of the vertebrate species are tetrapods , a single lineage that includes amphibians ( with roughly 7,000 species ) ; mammals ( with approximately 5,500 species ) ; and reptiles and birds ( with about 20,000 species divided evenly between the two classes ) . Tetrapods comprise the dominant megafauna of most terrestrial environments and also include many partially or fully aquatic groups ( e.g. , sea snakes , penguins , cetaceans ) . </P> <H2> Classification ( edit ) </H2> <P> There are several ways of classifying animals . Evolutionary systematics relies on anatomy , physiology and evolutionary history , which is determined through similarities in anatomy and , if possible , the genetics of organisms . Phylogenetic classification is based solely on phylogeny . Evolutionary systematics gives an overview ; phylogenetic systematics gives detail . The two systems are thus complementary rather than opposed . </P> <H3> Traditional classification ( edit ) </H3> Traditional spindle diagram of the evolution of the vertebrates at class level <P> Conventional classification has living vertebrates grouped into seven classes based on traditional interpretations of gross anatomical and physiological traits . This classification is the one most commonly encountered in school textbooks , overviews , non-specialist , and popular works . The extant vertebrates are : </P> <Ul> <Li> Subphylum Vertebrata <Ul> <Li> Class Agnatha ( jawless fishes ) </Li> <Li> Class Chondrichthyes ( cartilaginous fishes ) </Li> <Li> Class Osteichthyes ( bony fishes ) </Li> <Li> Class Amphibia ( amphibians ) </Li> <Li> Class Reptilia ( reptiles ) </Li> <Li> Class Aves ( birds ) </Li> <Li> Class Mammalia ( mammals ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> In addition to these , there are two classes of extinct armoured fishes , the Placodermi and the Acanthodii . </P> <P> Other ways of classifying the vertebrates have been devised , particularly with emphasis on the phylogeny of early amphibians and reptiles . An example based on Janvier ( 1981 , 1997 ) , Shu et al. ( 2003 ) , and Benton ( 2004 ) is given here : </P> <Ul> <Li> Subphylum Vertebrata <Ul> <Li> Palaeospondylus </Li> <Li> Superclass Agnatha or Cephalaspidomorphi ( lampreys and other jawless fishes ) </Li> <Li> Infraphylum Gnathostomata ( vertebrates with jaws ) <Ul> <Li> Class † Placodermi ( extinct armoured fishes ) </Li> <Li> Class Chondrichthyes ( cartilaginous fishes ) </Li> <Li> Class † Acanthodii ( extinct spiny `` sharks '' ) </Li> <Li> Superclass Osteichthyes ( bony vertebrates ) <Ul> <Li> Class Actinopterygii ( ray - finned bony fishes ) </Li> <Li> Class Sarcopterygii ( lobe - finned fishes , including the tetrapods ) </Li> <Li> Class Amphibia ( amphibians , some ancestral to the amniotes ) - now a paraphyletic group </Li> <Li> Class Synapsida ( mammals and the extinct mammal - like reptiles ) </Li> <Li> Class Sauropsida ( reptiles and birds ) </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> <P> While this traditional classification is orderly , most of the groups are paraphyletic , i.e. do not contain all descendants of the class 's common ancestor . For instance , descendants of the first reptiles include modern reptiles , as well as mammals and birds . Most of the classes listed are not `` complete '' ( and are therefore paraphyletic ) taxa , meaning they do not include all the descendants of the first representative of the group . For example , the

The first kind of vertebrate to exist on earth was

What was the first kind of vertebrate to exist on earth?

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Wonder Woman ( TV series ) - Wikipedia <H1> Wonder Woman ( TV series ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Wonder Woman </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> First season title card </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Science fantasy Action Adventure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Wonder Woman by William Moulton Marston </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developed by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Douglas S. Cramer </Li> <Li> Stanley Ralph Ross </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Lynda Carter </Li> <Li> Lyle Waggoner </Li> <Li> Beatrice Colen ( season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Richard Eastham ( season 1 ) </Li> <Li> Norman Burton ( season 2 ) </Li> <Li> Saundra Sharp ( season 2 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Theme music composer </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Charles Fox ( music ) </Li> <Li> Norman Gimbel ( lyrics ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country of origin </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of seasons </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> No. of episodes </Th> <Td> 59 + movie pilot ( list of episodes ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Production </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Executive producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Douglas S. Cramer </Li> <Li> Wilford Lloyd Baumes </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Bruce Lansbury ( supervising producer , seasons 2 -- 3 ) </Li> <Li> Charles B. Fitzsimons </Li> <Li> Mark Rodgers </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 42 -- 51 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> The Douglas S. Cramer Co . </Li> <Li> Bruce Lansbury Productions , Ltd . </Li> <Li> Warner Bros. Television </Li> <Li> DC Comics </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributor </Th> <Td> Warner Bros. Television Distribution </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Release </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original network </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> ABC ( pilot + season 1 ) </Li> <Li> CBS ( seasons 2 -- 3 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original release </Th> <Td> November 7 , 1975 ( 1975 - 11 - 07 ) -- September 11 , 1979 ( 1979 - 09 - 11 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Wonder Woman , known from seasons 2 and 3 as The New Adventures of Wonder Woman , is an American television series based on the DC Comics comic book superhero of the same name . The show stars Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman / Diana Prince and Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor Sr. & Jr . It originally aired for three seasons from 1975 to 1979 . The show 's first season aired on ABC and is set in the 1940s during World War II . The second and third seasons aired on CBS and are set in the 1970s , with the title changed to The New Adventures of Wonder Woman , and a complete change of cast other than Carter and Waggoner . Waggoner 's character was changed to Steve Trevor Jr. , the son of his original character . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Production history </Li> <Li> 2 Cast and characters <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Notable guest stars </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Plot <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Pilot <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 Synopsis </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 Season 1 </Li> <Li> 3.3 Season 2 </Li> <Li> 3.4 Season 3 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Wonder Woman ' 77 Comic </Li> <Li> 5 Legacy </Li> <Li> 6 Reruns </Li> <Li> 7 Home video releases </Li> <Li> 8 Merchandising </Li> <Li> 9 Possible animated film </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Production history ( edit ) </H2> <P> Wonder Woman refers to both a 1974 television film and a 1975 - 1979 television series based on the DC Comics character of the same name . The 1974 television film called Wonder Woman directed by Vincent McEveety and starring Cathy Lee Crosby , was a pilot for an intended television series being considered by ABC . Ratings were described as `` respectable but not exactly wondrous , '' and ABC did not pick up the pilot . Instead , Warner Bros. and ABC developed the 1975 television series , Wonder Woman , that fit the more traditional presentation of the character as created by William Moulton Marston , turning away from the 1968 -- 72 era that had influenced the pilot . Wonder Woman , which premiered in 1975 , starred Lynda Carter and eventually led to the full series . Crosby would later claim that she was offered the chance to reprise the role in that series . </P> <H2> Cast and characters ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Lynda Carter as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> This version of the character is exclusive to the continuity of the TV series Wonder Woman and is an adaptation of Diana Prince / Wonder Woman . The original character was created by William Moulton Marston and Harry G. Peter and first appeared in All - Star Comics # 8 . </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Beatrice Colen as Etta Candy ( season 1 ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> General Phil Blankenship 's secretary . She is there to provide comic relief . </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Richard Eastham as General Philip Blankenship ( season 1 ) </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> He works for the War Department during the early years of World War II . In 1942 , he worked with his subordinate Colonel Steve Trevor in an ongoing effort to prevent Nazi cells from infiltrating the United States and threatening the nation 's security . Blankenship also kept in close contact with Steve 's colleagues Diana Prince and Etta Candy . Blankenship never knew that Yeoman Prince was also Wonder Woman . </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Lyle Waggoner as Steve Trevor </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> The original character was created by William Moulton Marston and Harry G. Peter and first appeared in All - Star Comics # 8 . The details surrounding the death of Steve Trevor remains largely unknown . What is known is that Steve died some time prior to 1977 . </Dd> </Dl> <Ul> <Li> Debra Winger as Drusilla / Wonder Girl </Li> </Ul> <Dl> <Dd> Born as the second daughter of Hippolyta , Queen of the Amazons , Drusilla grew up on Paradise Island along with her older sister , Princess Diana . After her sister left the island , she quickly became the finest archer and rider of the Amazons . When Hippolyta felt it was time for her elder daughter to return to the island , Drusilla was sent to America to urge her return . Reluctant to leave , Diana decided to show her younger sister of the need for Wonder Woman in the outside world . As part of this she convinced Drusilla to pose as Diana Prince 's teenage sister for a few days . During this time she accompanied General Blankenship on a car trip . They were attacked by Nazi spies who abducted the general and left her behind . Unable to contact her sister , she decided to go after the spies herself and transformed into Wonder Girl . </Dd> </Dl> <H3> Notable guest stars ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Christine Belford as Baroness Von Gunther </Li> <Li> Gary Burghoff as Alan in `` The Man Who Would n't Tell '' </Li> <Li> Bradford Dillman as Arthur Deal III / Thor </Li> <Li> Lynda Day George as Fausta Grables </Li> <Li> Bob Hastings as the Gatekeeper in `` The Pied Piper '' </Li> <Li> Russell Johnson as the Colonel in `` Disco Devil '' </Li> <Li> Carolyn Jones as Queen Hippolyta in `` Feminum Mystique : Parts 1 & 2 '' , & `` Wonder Woman in Hollywood '' </Li> <Li> Cloris Leachman as Queen Hippolyta </Li> <Li> Gavin MacLeod as Mr. Ellsworth </Li> <Li> Roddy McDowall as Henry Roberts </Li> <Li> Eve Plumb as Elena in `` The Pied Piper '' </Li> <Li> Robert Reed as the Falcon in `` The Pluto File '' </Li> <Li> Barry Van Dyke as Freddy in `` Wonder Woman in Hollywood '' </Li> </Ul> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Pilot ( edit ) </H3> See also : List of Wonder Woman episodes Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman <P> Despite the muted ratings of the earlier Cathy Lee Crosby television pilot , ABC still felt a Wonder Woman series had potential , and within a year another pilot was in production . Keen to make a distinction from the last pilot , producers gave the pilot the rather paradoxical title The New Original Wonder Woman . Scripting duties were given to Stanley Ralph Ross , who was instructed to be more faithful to the comic book and to create a subtle `` high comedy . '' Ross set the pilot in World War II , the era in which the original comic book began . </P> <P> After an intensive talent search , Lynda Carter , who had had a handful of minor acting roles and had been the 1972 Miss World USA and a Bob Hope USO cast member , was chosen for the lead role . For the role of Steve Trevor , the producers chose Lyle Waggoner , despite his dark brown , almost - black , hair not matching the comic 's blond Trevor , who at the time was better known as a comedic actor after several years co-starring in The Carol Burnett Show . He was also known to Ross as having been one of the leading candidates to play Batman a decade earlier , but instead Adam West was signed . Waggoner was also considered a pin - up hunk , having done a semi-nude pictorial in the first issue of Playgirl . </P> <P> Although the pilot followed the original comic book closely , in particular the aspect of Wonder Woman joining the military under the name Diana Prince , a number of elements were dropped . It mainly omitted Diana 's origin , including her birth on Paradise Island . The comic book Diana obtains the credentials of a look - alike nurse . Although the pilot shows Diana briefly as a nurse at one point , Diana takes on the identity of a Navy Yeoman Petty Officer First Class . </P> <P> One change , which was later to become synonymous with the show , was the transformation of Diana Prince into Wonder Woman by spinning . During the filming of the pilot , producers were trying to figure out a way to show how Diana Prince became Wonder Woman , when Carter suggested that she do a spin . </P> <P> Unlike the earlier pilot , the comic - book origins of the character were emphasized by the retention of the character 's traditional uniform ( the design of which was interpreted and executed by Donald Lee Feld , credited as `` Donfeld '' ) with the original setting and through the use of comic book elements . The series 's title sequence was animated in the form of a series of comic book panels featuring Wonder Woman performing a variety of heroic feats . Within the show , location and exposition were handled through comic book - style text panels . Transitions between scenes and commercial breaks were marked by animated starburst sequences . </P> Synopsis ( edit ) <P> In early 1942 , during the Second World War , American pilot Major Steve Trevor ( Waggoner ) bails out during an air battle over the Bermuda Triangle , location of Paradise Island . The island is home to the Amazons : beautiful , ageless women with great strength , agility , and intelligence . Amazon princess Diana ( Carter ) rescues the handsome unconscious Trevor and helps nurse him back to health . Her mother , the Amazon queen ( Cloris Leachman ; succeeded by Carolyn Jones and Beatrice Straight in later episodes ) , decrees that Olympic - style games shall

The original Wonder Woman on TV was played by

Who played the original wonder woman on tv?

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of a series on the </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Politics of the United States of America </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Federal Government ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Constitution of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Law </Li> <Li> Taxation </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Legislature ( show ) <Ul> <Li> United States Congress </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> House of Representatives </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Speaker Paul Ryan ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi ( D ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Congressional districts </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> United States Senate </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> President Mike Pence ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> President Pro Tempore Orrin Hatch ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> President Pro Tempore Emeritus Patrick Leahy ( D ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Majority Leader Mitch McConnell ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Minority Leader Chuck Schumer ( D ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Executive ( show ) <Ul> <Li> President of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Donald Trump ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <Ul> <Li> Vice President of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Mike Pence ( R ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Cabinet </Li> <Li> Federal agencies </Li> <Li> Executive Office </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Judiciary ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Supreme Court of the United States </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Chief Justice John Roberts </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Kennedy </Li> <Li> Thomas </Li> <Li> Ginsburg </Li> <Li> Breyer </Li> <Li> Alito </Li> <Li> Sotomayor </Li> <Li> Kagan </Li> <Li> Gorsuch </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Courts of Appeals </Li> <Li> District Courts ( list ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Other tribunals </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Elections ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Presidential elections </Li> <Li> Midterm elections </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Off - year elections </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Political parties ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Democratic </Li> <Li> Republican </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Third parties </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Federalism ( show ) <Ul> <Li> State Government </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Governors </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Legislatures ( List ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> State courts </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> <Ul> <Li> Local government </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Other countries </Li> <Li> Atlas </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The foreign policy of the United States is the way in which it interacts with foreign nations and sets standards of interaction for its organizations , corporations and system citizens of the United States . </P> <P> The officially stated goals of the foreign policy of the United States , including all the Bureaus and Offices in the United States Department of State , as mentioned in the Foreign Policy Agenda of the Department of State , are `` to build and sustain a more democratic , secure , and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community . '' In addition , the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs states as some of its jurisdictional goals : `` export controls , including nonproliferation of nuclear technology and nuclear hardware ; measures to foster commercial interaction with foreign nations and to safeguard American business abroad ; international commodity agreements ; international education ; and protection of American citizens abroad and expatriation . '' U.S. foreign policy and foreign aid have been the subject of much debate , praise and criticism , both domestically and abroad . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Powers of the President </Li> <Li> 2 Powers of the Congress </Li> <Li> 3 Historical overview <Ul> <Li> 3.1 20th century <Ul> <Li> 3.1. 1 World War I </Li> <Li> 3.1. 2 World War II </Li> <Li> 3.1. 3 Cold War </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.2 21st century </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Law </Li> <Li> 5 International agreements <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Economic and general government </Li> <Li> 5.2 Freely Associated States </Li> <Li> 5.3 Non-participation in multi-lateral agreements </Li> <Li> 5.4 Hub and spoke vs multilateral </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Oil <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Persian Gulf </Li> <Li> 6.2 Canada </Li> <Li> 6.3 Africa </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Foreign aid </Li> <Li> 8 Military <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Mutual defense agreements </Li> <Li> 8.2 Other allies and multilateral organizations </Li> <Li> 8.3 Unilateral vs. multilateral military actions </Li> <Li> 8.4 Aid </Li> <Li> 8.5 Missile defense </Li> <Li> 8.6 Exporting democracy <Ul> <Li> 8.6. 1 Opinion that U.S. intervention does not export democracy </Li> <Li> 8.6. 2 Opinion that U.S. intervention has mixed results </Li> <Li> 8.6. 3 Opinion that U.S. intervention effectively exports democracy </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 Global opinion </Li> <Li> 10 Covert actions </Li> <Li> 11 Influencing foreign elections </Li> <Li> 12 Human rights </Li> <Li> 13 War on Drugs </Li> <Li> 14 Criticism </Li> <Li> 15 Support </Li> <Li> 16 By country or region <Ul> <Li> 16.1 United Kingdom </Li> <Li> 16.2 Canada </Li> <Li> 16.3 Mexico </Li> <Li> 16.4 Australia </Li> <Li> 16.5 Middle East </Li> <Li> 16.6 Japan </Li> <Li> 16.7 South Korea </Li> <Li> 16.8 China </Li> <Li> 16.9 Taiwan </Li> <Li> 16.10 ASEAN <Ul> <Li> 16.10. 1 Indonesia </Li> <Li> 16.10. 2 Malaysia </Li> <Li> 16.10. 3 Myanmar </Li> <Li> 16.10. 4 Philippines </Li> <Li> 16.10. 5 Thailand </Li> <Li> 16.10. 6 Vietnam </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 16.11 Eastern Europe </Li> <Li> 16.12 Kosovo </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 17 See also <Ul> <Li> 17.1 Constitutional and international law </Li> <Li> 17.2 Diplomacy </Li> <Li> 17.3 Intelligence </Li> <Li> 17.4 Military </Li> <Li> 17.5 Policy and doctrine </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 18 References </Li> <Li> 19 Further reading </Li> <Li> 20 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Powers of the President ( edit ) </H2> <P> Subject to the advice and consent role of the U.S. Senate , the President of the United States negotiates treaties with foreign nations , but treaties enter into force if ratified by two - thirds of the Senate . The President is also Commander in Chief of the United States Armed Forces , and as such has broad authority over the armed forces . Both the Secretary of State and ambassadors are appointed by the President , with the advice and consent of the Senate . The United States Secretary of State is the foreign minister of the United States and is the primary conductor of state - to - state diplomacy . </P> <H2> Powers of the Congress ( edit ) </H2> The U.S. Constitution gives much of the foreign policy decision - making to the presidency , but the Senate has a role in ratifying treaties , and the Supreme Court interprets treaties when cases are presented to it . Main articles : Treaty Clause , War Powers Clause , Appointments Clause , and Foreign Commerce Clause <P> Congress is the only branch of government that has the authority to declare war . Furthermore , Congress writes the civilian and military budget , thus has vast power in military action and foreign aid . Congress also has power to regulate commerce with foreign nations . </P> <H2> Historical overview ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : History of U.S. foreign policy and Timeline of United States diplomatic history The Jay Treaty of 1795 aligned the U.S. more with Britain and less with France , leading to political polarization at home <P> The main trend regarding the history of U.S. foreign policy since the American Revolution is the shift from non-interventionism before and after World War I , to its growth as a world power and global hegemony during and since World War II and the end of the Cold War in the 20th century . Since the 19th century , U.S. foreign policy also has been characterized by a shift from the realist school to the idealistic or Wilsonian school of international relations . </P> <P> Foreign policy themes were expressed considerably in George Washington 's farewell address ; these included among other things , observing good faith and justice towards all nations and cultivating peace and harmony with all , excluding both `` inveterate antipathies against particular nations , and passionate attachments for others '' , `` steer ( ing ) clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world '' , and advocating trade with all nations . These policies became the basis of the Federalist Party in the 1790s . But the rival Jeffersonians feared Britain and favored France in the 1790s , declaring the War of 1812 on Britain . After the 1778 alliance with France , the U.S. did not sign another permanent treaty until the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949 . Over time , other themes , key goals , attitudes , or stances have been variously expressed by Presidential ' doctrines ' , named for them . Initially these were uncommon events , but since WWII , these have been made by most presidents . </P> <P> Jeffersonians vigorously opposed a large standing army and any navy until attacks against American shipping by Barbary corsairs spurred the country into developing a naval force projection capability , resulting in the First Barbary War in 1801 . </P> <P> Despite two wars with European Powers -- the War of 1812 and the 1898 Spanish -- American War -- American foreign policy was peaceful and marked by steady expansion of its foreign trade during the 19th century . The 1803 Louisiana Purchase doubled the nation 's geographical area ; Spain ceded the territory of Florida in 1819 ; annexation brought in the independent Texas Republic in 1845 ; a war with Mexico in 1848 added California , Arizona , Utah , Nevada , and New Mexico . The U.S. bought Alaska from the Russian Empire in 1867 , and it annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 . Victory over Spain in 1898 brought the Philippines , and Puerto Rico , as well as oversight of Cuba . The short experiment in imperialism ended by 1908 , as the U.S. turned its attention to the Panama Canal and the stabilization of regions to its south , including Mexico . </P> <H3> 20th century ( edit ) </H3> World War I ( edit ) <P> The 20th century was marked by two world wars in which the United States , along with allied powers , defeated its enemies and increased its international reputation . President Wilson 's Fourteen Points was developed from his idealistic Wilsonianism program of spreading democracy and fighting militarism so as to end any wars . It became the basis of the German Armistice ( really a surrender ) and the 1919 Paris Peace Conference . The resulting Treaty of Versailles , due to European allies ' punitive and territorial designs , showed insufficient conformity with these points and the U.S. signed separate treaties with each of its adversaries ; due to Senate objections also , the U.S. never joined the League of Nations , which was established as a result of Wilson 's initiative . In the 1920s , the United States followed an independent course , and succeeded in a program of naval disarmament , and refunding the German economy . Operating outside the League it became a dominant player in diplomatic affairs . New York became the financial capital of the world , but the Wall Street Crash of 1929 hurled the Western industrialized world into the Great Depression . American trade policy relied on high tariffs under the Republicans , and reciprocal trade agreements under the Democrats , but in any case exports were at very low levels in the 1930s . </P> World War II ( edit ) Main article : Diplomatic history of World War II § United States Allies of World War II at the Yalta Conference : Winston Churchill , Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin . <P> The United States adopted a non-interventionist foreign policy from

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. All states , as well as the union territories of Puducherry and the National Capital Territory of Delhi , have elected legislatures and governments , both patterned on the Westminster model . The remaining five union territories are directly ruled by the centre through appointed administrators . In 1956 , under the States Reorganisation Act , states were reorganised on a linguistic basis . Since then , their structure has remained largely unchanged . Each state or union territory is further divided into administrative districts ... </P> <P> The state and union territory capitals are sorted according to no legislative and judicial capitals . The administrative capital is where the executive government offices are located , the legislative capital is where the state assembly convenes , and the judicial capital is the location of the state or territorial High Courts . Union territories are marked with a dagger ( ) . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 List </Li> <Li> 2 Explanatory notes </Li> <Li> 3 Citations </Li> <Li> 4 References </Li> <Li> 5 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> List ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . </Th> <Th> State or union territory </Th> <Th> Administrative capitals </Th> <Th> Legislative capitals </Th> <Th> Judiciary capitals </Th> <Th> Year capital was established </Th> <Th> The Former capital </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Th> Andaman and Nicobar Islands </Th> <Td> Port Blair </Td> <Td> Port Blair </Td> <Td> Kolkata </Td> <Td> 1955 </Td> <Td> Calcutta ( 1945 -- 1955 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Th> Andhra Pradesh </Th> <Td> Hyderabad ( de jure to 2024 ) Amaravati ( de facto from 2017 ) </Td> <Td> Amaravati </Td> <Td> Hyderabad </Td> <Td> 1956 2017 </Td> <Td> Kurnool ( 1953 - 1956 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Th> Arunachal Pradesh </Th> <Td> Itanagar </Td> <Td> Itanagar </Td> <Td> Guwahati </Td> <Td> 1986 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Th> Assam </Th> <Td> Dispur </Td> <Td> Guwahati </Td> <Td> Guwahati </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Shillong ( 1874 -- 1952 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 5 </Td> <Th> Bihar </Th> <Td> Patna </Td> <Td> Patna </Td> <Td> Patna </Td> <Td> 1912 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 6 </Td> <Th> Chandigarh </Th> <Td> Chandigarh </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Chandigarh </Td> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 7 </Td> <Th> Chhattisgarh </Th> <Td> Naya Raipur </Td> <Td> Raipur </Td> <Td> Bilaspur </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 8 </Td> <Th> Dadra and Nagar Haveli </Th> <Td> Silvassa </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Mumbai </Td> <Td> 1945 </Td> <Td> Mumbai ( 1954 -- 1961 ) Panaji ( 1961 -- 1987 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Th> Daman and Diu </Th> <Td> Daman </Td> <Td> -- </Td> <Td> Mumbai </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> Ahmedabad ( 1961 -- 1963 ) Panaji ( 1963 -- 1987 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Th> National Capital Territory of Delhi </Th> <Td> New Delhi </Td> <Td> New Delhi </Td> <Td> New Delhi </Td> <Td> 1931 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Th> Goa </Th> <Td> Panaji </Td> <Td> Porvorim </Td> <Td> Mumbai </Td> <Td> 1961 </Td> <Td> Panaji ( 1961 -- 1987 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Th> Gujarat </Th> <Td> Gandhinagar </Td> <Td> Gandhinagar </Td> <Td> Ahmedabad </Td> <Td> 1960 </Td> <Td> Ahmedabad ( 1960 -- 1970 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Th> Haryana </Th> <Td> Chandigarh </Td> <Td> Chandigarh </Td> <Td> Chandigarh </Td> <Td> 1966 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Th> Himachal Pradesh </Th> <Td> Shimla <P> Dharamshala ( W / 2nd ) </P> </Td> <Td> Shimla ( Summer ) <P> Dharamsala ( Winter ) </P> </Td> <Td> Shimla </Td> <Td> 1971 <P> 2017 </P> </Td> <Td> Bilaspur ( 1950 -- 1956 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Th> Jammu and Kashmir </Th> <Td> Srinagar ( Summer ) Jammu ( Winter ) </Td> <Td> Srinagar ( Summer ) Jammu ( Winter ) </Td> <Td> Srinagar ( Summer ) Jammu ( Winter ) </Td> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Th> Jharkhand </Th> <Td> Ranchi </Td> <Td> Ranchi </Td> <Td> Ranchi </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Th> Karnataka </Th> <Td> Bengaluru </Td> <Td> Bengaluru </Td> <Td> Bengaluru </Td> <Td> 1940 </Td> <Td> ( Mysore ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Th> Kerala </Th> <Td> Thiruvananthapuram </Td> <Td> Thiruvananthapuram </Td> <Td> Kochi </Td> <Td> 1956 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Th> Lakshadweep </Th> <Td> Kavaratti </Td> <Td> Kavaratti </Td> <Td> Kochi </Td> <Td> 1956 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Th> Madhya Pradesh </Th> <Td> Bhopal </Td> <Td> Bhopal </Td> <Td> Jabalpur </Td> <Td> 1956 </Td> <Td> Nagpur ( 1861 -- 1956 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Th> Maharashtra </Th> <Td> Mumbai Nagpur ( W / 2nd ) </Td> <Td> Mumbai ( S + B ) Nagpur ( W ) </Td> <Td> Mumbai </Td> <Td> 1818 1960 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 </Td> <Th> Manipur </Th> <Td> Imphal </Td> <Td> Imphal </Td> <Td> Imphal </Td> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 </Td> <Th> Meghalaya </Th> <Td> Shillong </Td> <Td> Shillong </Td> <Td> Shillong </Td> <Td> 1970 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 </Td> <Th> Mizoram </Th> <Td> Aizawl </Td> <Td> Aizawl </Td> <Td> Guwahati </Td> <Td> 1972 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 25 </Td> <Th> Nagaland </Th> <Td> Kohima </Td> <Td> Kohima </Td> <Td> Guwahati </Td> <Td> 1963 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 26 </Td> <Th> Odisha </Th> <Td> Bhubaneswar </Td> <Td> Bhubaneswar </Td> <Td> Cuttack </Td> <Td> 1948 </Td> <Td> Cuttack ( 1936 -- 1948 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 27 </Td> <Th> Puducherry </Th> <Td> Puducherry </Td> <Td> Puducherry </Td> <Td> Chennai </Td> <Td> 1954 </Td> <Td> Madras ( 1948 -- 1954 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 28 </Td> <Th> Punjab </Th> <Td> Chandigarh </Td> <Td> Chandigarh </Td> <Td> Chandigarh </Td> <Td> 1966 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 29 </Td> <Th> Rajasthan </Th> <Td> Jaipur </Td> <Td> Jaipur </Td> <Td> Jodhpur </Td> <Td> 1950 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 30 </Td> <Th> Sikkim </Th> <Td> Gangtok </Td> <Td> Gangtok </Td> <Td> Gangtok </Td> <Td> 1890 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 31 </Td> <Th> Tamil Nadu </Th> <Td> Chennai </Td> <Td> Chennai </Td> <Td> Chennai </Td> <Td> 1956 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 32 </Td> <Th> Telangana </Th> <Td> Hyderabad </Td> <Td> Hyderabad </Td> <Td> Hyderabad </Td> <Td> 2014 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 33 </Td> <Th> Tripura </Th> <Td> Agartala </Td> <Td> Agartala </Td> <Td> Agartala </Td> <Td> 1956 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 34 </Td> <Th> Uttar Pradesh </Th> <Td> Lucknow </Td> <Td> Lucknow </Td> <Td> Allahabad </Td> <Td> 1938 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 35 </Td> <Th> Uttarakhand </Th> <Td> Dehradun </Td> <Td> Dehradun </Td> <Td> Nainital </Td> <Td> 2000 </Td> <Td> -- </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 36 </Td> <Th> West Bengal </Th> <Td> Kolkata </Td> <Td> Kolkata </Td> <Td> Kolkata </Td> <Td> 1947 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> </P> <H2> Explanatory notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ After the formation of Telangana , as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act , 2014 , both states will share Hyderabad as their common capital for up to ten years . The new capital of Andhra Pradesh is going to be Amaravati , decided by the Andhra Pradesh government in April , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Shilong was the joint capital of Assam and Meghalaya until 1971 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Chandigarh is the capital of the states of Punjab and Haryana , and is a Union Territory , separate from the two states . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Raipur is the interim capital of Chhattisgarh . The town of Naya Raipur 17 km from Raipur is envisaged as the state 's new capital . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Panaji was the capital of Goa from 1843 when it was ruled by the Portuguese . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Nagpur was the capital of Central Provinces and Berar which was a province from 1861 until 1950 . Central Province became the major constituent of Madhya Pradesh , after it was formed in 1950 . Nagpur remained the capital of the new state . In 1956 , Berar ( Vidarbha ) was separated from Madhya Pradesh , and merged with the Bombay State . Nagpur thus lost the status of a capital city . In 1960 , under the Nagpur pact , Nagpur became the second capital of Maharashtra . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Mumbai / Bombay was the capital of Bombay Presidency which was a province until 1950 . After that Bombay became the capital of Bombay State . Subsequently , Bombay State was split into Gujarat and Maharashtra in 1960 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ In 1960 , under the Nagpur pact , Nagpur became the second capital of Maharashtra . Although an official notification to this effect was only given in 1988 . The India yearbook of the government of India still does not mention Nagpur , being either the second or winter capital of Maharashtra . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Under the Nagpur pact , one of the preconditions for Vidarbha joining the state of Maharastra was that , at least one of the legislative sessions every year should be held in Nagpur . The winter session is held in Nagpur . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Gangtok has been the capital of Sikkim since 1890 . Sikkim joined the Indian Union in 1975 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Chennai ( Madras ) was the capital of the Madras Presidency since 1839 , which was redrawn as Madras State in 1956 . Madras State was renamed as Tamil Nadu in 1968 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ After the formation of Telangana , as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act , 2014 , both states will share Hyderabad as their common capital for ten years . The new Andhra Pradesh Capital City capital is going to be Amaravati , decided by the Andhra Pradesh government in April , 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Dehradun is the interim capital of Uttarakhand . The town of Gairsain is envisaged as the state 's new capital . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Citations ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Library of Congress 2004 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sharma 2007 , p. 49 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : `` After 2200 Years , Amaravati Gets Back Power ! '' . Gulte.com . Retrieved 4 August 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` AP Government Portal - Official Andhra Pradesh State Govt . Portal '' . Ap.gov.in . Retrieved 4 August 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Baruah 1999 , p. xiii . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Menon & Banerjea 2002 , p. 5 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ring 1996 , p. 288 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Dharamshala Declared Second Capital of Himachal Hill Post '' . www.hillpost.in . Retrieved 2017 - 01 - 21 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Boland - Crewe & Lea 2002 , p. 155 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Kumāra 1998 , p. 136 . </Li> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Kini 1974 , pp. 34 -- 35 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Khandewale 1989 , p. 21 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Spate 1953 , p. 200 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Sati & Kumar 2004 , pp. 9 -- 10 . </Li> </Ol> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Baruah , Sanjib ( 1999 ) . India Against Itself : Assam and the Politics of Nationality . University of Pennsylvania Press . ISBN 978 - 0 - 8122 - 3491 - 6 . Retrieved 13 August 2012 . </Li> <Li> Boland - Crewe , Tara ; Lea , David , eds. ( 15 November 2002 )

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rowing team in the annual Harvard -- Yale Regatta , 2007 Penn 's ICAA track champions in 1907 19th and early 20th centuries <P> The first formal athletic league involving eventual Ivy League schools ( or any US colleges , for that matter ) was created in 1870 with the formation of the Rowing Association of American Colleges . The RAAC hosted a de facto national championship in rowing during the period 1870 -- 1894 . In 1895 , Cornell , Columbia , and Penn founded the Intercollegiate Rowing Association , which remains the oldest collegiate athletic organizing body in the US . To this day , the IRA Championship Regatta determines the national champion in rowing and all of the Ivies are regularly invited to compete . </P> <P> A basketball league was later created in 1902 , when Columbia , Cornell , Harvard , Yale and Princeton formed the Eastern Intercollegiate Basketball League ; they were later joined by Penn and Dartmouth . </P> <P> In 1906 , the organization that eventually became the National Collegiate Athletic Association was formed , primarily to formalize rules for the emerging sport of football . But of the 39 original member colleges in the NCAA , only two of them ( Dartmouth and Penn ) later became Ivies . </P> <P> In February 1903 , intercollegiate wrestling began when Yale accepted a challenge from Columbia , published in the Yale News . The dual meet took place prior to a basketball game hosted by Columbia and resulted in a tie . Two years later , Penn and Princeton also added wrestling teams , leading to the formation of the student - run Intercollegiate Wrestling Association , now the Eastern Intercollegiate Wrestling Association ( EIWA ) , the first and oldest collegiate wrestling league in the US . </P> <P> In 1930 , Columbia , Cornell , Dartmouth , Penn , Princeton and Yale formed the Eastern Intercollegiate Baseball League ; they were later joined by Harvard , Brown , Army and Navy . </P> <P> Before the formal establishment of the Ivy League , there was an `` unwritten and unspoken agreement among certain Eastern colleges on athletic relations '' . The earliest reference to the `` Ivy colleges '' came in 1933 , when Stanley Woodward of the New York Herald Tribune used it to refer to the eight current members plus Army . In 1935 , the Associated Press reported on an example of collaboration between the schools : </P> <P> The athletic authorities of the so - called `` Ivy League '' are considering drastic measures to curb the increasing tendency toward riotous attacks on goal posts and other encroachments by spectators on playing fields . </P> -- The Associated Press , The New York Times <P> Despite such collaboration , the universities did not seem to consider the formation of the league as imminent . Romeyn Berry , Cornell 's manager of athletics , reported the situation in January 1936 as follows : </P> <P> I can say with certainty that in the last five years -- and markedly in the last three months -- there has been a strong drift among the eight or ten universities of the East which see a good deal of one another in sport toward a closer bond of confidence and cooperation and toward the formation of a common front against the threat of a breakdown in the ideals of amateur sport in the interests of supposed expediency . </P> <P> Please do not regard that statement as implying the organization of an Eastern conference or even a poetic `` Ivy League '' . That sort of thing does not seem to be in the cards at the moment . </P> <P> Within a year of this statement and having held month - long discussions about the proposal , on December 3 , 1936 , the idea of `` the formation of an Ivy League '' gained enough traction among the undergraduate bodies of the universities that the Columbia Daily Spectator , The Cornell Daily Sun , The Dartmouth , The Harvard Crimson , The Daily Pennsylvanian , The Daily Princetonian and the Yale Daily News would simultaneously run an editorial entitled `` Now Is the Time '' , encouraging the seven universities to form the league in an effort to preserve the ideals of athletics . Part of the editorial read as follows : </P> <P> The Ivy League exists already in the minds of a good many of those connected with football , and we fail to see why the seven schools concerned should be satisfied to let it exist as a purely nebulous entity where there are so many practical benefits which would be possible under definite organized association . The seven colleges involved fall naturally together by reason of their common interests and similar general standards and by dint of their established national reputation they are in a particularly advantageous position to assume leadership for the preservation of the ideals of intercollegiate athletics . </P> <P> The Ivies have been competing in sports as long as intercollegiate sports have existed in the United States . Rowing teams from Harvard and Yale met in the first sporting event held between students of two U.S. colleges on Lake Winnipesaukee , New Hampshire , on August 3 , 1852 . Harvard 's team , `` The Oneida '' , won the race and was presented with trophy black walnut oars from then presidential nominee General Franklin Pierce . The proposal did not succeed -- on January 11 , 1937 , the athletic authorities at the schools rejected the `` possibility of a heptagonal league in football such as these institutions maintain in basketball , baseball and track . '' However , they noted that the league `` has such promising possibilities that it may not be dismissed and must be the subject of further consideration . '' </P> Post -- World War ii Students in Stell Hall at Dartmouth 's Tuck School of Business , 2007 Students of Yale College , 1866 <P> In 1945 the presidents of the eight schools signed the first Ivy Group Agreement , which set academic , financial , and athletic standards for the football teams . The principles established reiterated those put forward in the Harvard - Yale - Princeton Presidents ' Agreement of 1916 . The Ivy Group Agreement established the core tenet that an applicant 's ability to play on a team would not influence admissions decisions : </P> <P> The members of the Group reaffirm their prohibition of athletic scholarships . Athletes shall be admitted as students and awarded financial aid only on the basis of the same academic standards and economic need as are applied to all other students . </P> <P> In 1954 , the presidents extended the Ivy Group Agreement to all intercollegiate sports , effective with the 1955 -- 56 basketball season . This is generally reckoned as the formal formation of the Ivy League . As part of the transition , Brown , the only Ivy that had n't joined the EIBL , did so for the 1954 -- 55 season . A year later , the Ivy League absorbed the EIBL . The Ivy League claims the EIBL 's history as its own . Through the EIBL , it is the oldest basketball conference in Division I . </P> <P> As late as the 1960s many of the Ivy League universities ' undergraduate programs remained open only to men , with Cornell the only one to have been coeducational from its founding ( 1865 ) and Columbia being the last ( 1983 ) to become coeducational . Before they became coeducational , many of the Ivy schools maintained extensive social ties with nearby Seven Sisters women 's colleges , including weekend visits , dances and parties inviting Ivy and Seven Sisters students to mingle . This was the case not only at Barnard College and Radcliffe College , which are adjacent to Columbia and Harvard , but at more distant institutions as well . The movie Animal House includes a satiric version of the formerly common visits by Dartmouth men to Massachusetts to meet Smith and Mount Holyoke women , a drive of more than two hours . As noted by Irene Harwarth , Mindi Maline , and Elizabeth DeBra , `` The ' Seven Sisters ' was the name given to Barnard , Smith , Mount Holyoke , Vassar , Bryn Mawr , Wellesley , and Radcliffe , because of their parallel to the Ivy League men 's colleges . '' </P> <P> In 1982 the Ivy League considered adding two members , with Army , Navy , and Northwestern as the most likely candidates ; if it had done so , the league could probably have avoided being moved into the recently created Division I - AA ( now Division I FCS ) for football . In 1983 , following the admission of women to Columbia College , Columbia University and Barnard College entered into an athletic consortium agreement by which students from both schools compete together on Columbia University women 's athletic teams , which replaced the women 's teams previously sponsored by Barnard . </P> <P> When Army and Navy departed the Eastern Intercollegiate Baseball League in 1992 , all intercollegiate competition involving the eight schools became united under the Ivy League banner . </P> <H2> Academics </H2> <H3> Admissions </H3> <Table> Admission statistics ( Class of 2020 ) <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Th> Applicants </Th> <Th> Admission rates </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brown </Td> <Td> 32,390 </Td> <Td> 9.01 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Columbia </Td> <Td> 36,292 </Td> <Td> 6.04 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cornell </Td> <Td> 44,966 </Td> <Td> 13.96 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dartmouth </Td> <Td> 20,675 </Td> <Td> 10.52 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Harvard </Td> <Td> 39,041 </Td> <Td> 5.22 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Penn </Td> <Td> 38,918 </Td> <Td> 9.4 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Princeton </Td> <Td> 29,303 </Td> <Td> 6.46 % </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Yale </Td> <Td> 31,455 </Td> <Td> 6.27 % </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Ivy League schools are highly selective , with acceptance rates since 2000 ranging from 6 to 16 percent at each of the universities . Admitted students come from around the world , although students from New England and the Northeastern United States make up a significant proportion of students . </P> <H3> Prestige </H3> See also : List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation <P> Members of the League have been highly ranked by various university rankings . </P> <Table> National academic rankings <Tr> <Th> University ( in alphabetical order ) </Th> <Th> ARWU ( 2017 ) </Th> <Th> Forbes ( 2017 ) </Th> <Th> USNWR ( 2018 ) </Th> <Th> Washington Monthly ( 2017 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brown </Td> <Td> 101 - 150 </Td> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 41 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Columbia </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> 16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Cornell </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> 32 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dartmouth </Td> <Td> 201 - 300 </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Harvard </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Penn </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Princeton </Td> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Yale </Td> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 10 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Further , Ivy League members have produced many Nobel laureates , winners of the Nobel Prize and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences . According to the Nobel Foundation 's website , as of 2016 the number of prize - winners affiliated with each Ivy League university at the time of their awards is : Brown , 2 ; Columbia , 17 ; Cornell , 8 ; Dartmouth , 0 ; Harvard , 36 ; Penn , 4 ; Princeton , 14 ; and Yale , 8

Harvard became an Ivy League school in

When did harvard become an ivy league school?

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The Call of the Wild - wikipedia <H1> The Call of the Wild </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Call of the Wild ( disambiguation ) . <Table> The Call of the Wild <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> First edition cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> Jack London </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Illustrator </Th> <Td> Philip R. Goodwin and Charles Livingston Bull </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cover artist </Th> <Td> Charles Edward Hooper </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Adventure fiction </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> Macmillan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> 1903 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Media type </Th> <Td> Print ( Serial , Hardcover & Paperback ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pages </Th> <Td> 515 pp ( First Edition ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> OCLC </Th> <Td> 28228581 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Call of the Wild is a short adventure novel by Jack London published in 1903 and set in Yukon , Canada during the 1890s Klondike Gold Rush , when strong sled dogs were in high demand . The central character of the novel is a dog named Buck . The story opens at a ranch in Santa Clara Valley , California , when Buck is stolen from his home and sold into service as a sled dog in Alaska . He becomes progressively feral in the harsh environment , where he is forced to fight to survive and dominate other dogs . By the end , he sheds the veneer of civilization , and relies on primordial instinct and learned experience to emerge as a leader in the wild . </P> <P> London spent almost a year in the Yukon , and his observations form much of the material for the book . The story was serialized in the Saturday Evening Post in the summer of 1903 and was published a month later in book form . The book 's great popularity and success made a reputation for London . As early as 1923 , the story was adapted to film , and it has since seen several more cinematic adaptations . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Summary </Li> <Li> 2 Background </Li> <Li> 3 Publication history <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Editions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Genre </Li> <Li> 5 Themes </Li> <Li> 6 Writing style </Li> <Li> 7 Reception and legacy </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Further reading </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Summary ( edit ) </H2> <P> The story opens with Buck , a large and powerful St. Bernard - Scotch Shepherd , living happily in California 's Santa Clara Valley as the pampered pet of rich Judge Miller and his family . However , he is stolen by the gardener 's assistant , Manuel , and sold to finance his gambling addiction . He is shipped to Seattle . Put in a crate , he is starved and ill - treated . When released , he attacks his overseer , known only as the `` man in the red sweater '' but is badly beaten and taught to respect the `` law of the club '' . Buck is then sold to a pair of French - Canadian dispatchers from the Canadian government , François and Perrault , who take him with them to the Klondike region of Canada . There , they train him as a sled dog . From his teammates , he quickly learns to survive cold winter nights and the pack society . A rivalry develops between Buck and the vicious , quarrelsome lead dog , Spitz . Buck eventually beats Spitz in a fight . Spitz is killed by the pack after his defeat by Buck , and Buck eventually becomes the leader of the team . </P> <P> When Francois and Perrault reach Dawson with their dispatches , and are given new orders from the Canadian government , the team is then sold to a `` Scottish half - breed '' man , who is also working the mail service . The dogs must carry heavy loads to the mining areas , and the journeys they make are tiresome and long . One of the team , a morose husky named Dave , becomes sick and is eventually shot . </P> <P> Buck 's next owners are a trio of stampeders ( Hal , Charles , and a woman named Mercedes from the United States ) , who are inexperienced at surviving in the Northern wilderness . They struggle to control the sled and ignore warnings that the spring melt poses dangers . They overfeed the dogs and then starve them when the food runs out . On their journey they meet John Thornton , an experienced outdoorsman , who notices the dogs have been poorly treated and are in a weakened condition . He warns the trio against crossing the river , but they ignore his advice and order Buck to move on . Exhausted , starving , and sensing the danger ahead , Buck refuses and continues to lie unmoving in the snow . After Buck is beaten by Hal , Thornton recognizes him to be a remarkable dog . Disgusted by the driver 's treatment of Buck , Thornton hits Hal with the butt of his axe , cuts Buck free from his traces , and tells the trio he is keeping him , much to Hal 's displeasure . After some argument , the trio leaves and tries to cross the river , but as Thornton warned , the ice breaks , and the three fall into the river and drown , along with the sled and neglected dogs . </P> <P> Buck comes to love and grow devoted to Thornton as he nurses him back to health . He saves Thornton when the man falls into a river . After Thornton takes him on trips to pan for gold , a bonanza king ( someone who hit it rich in a certain area ) , named Matthewson , wagers Thornton on the dog 's strength and devotion . Buck wins by breaking a half - ton ( 1,000 - pound ( 450 kg ) ) sled free of the frozen ground , pulling it 100 yards ( 91 m ) and winning US $1,600 in gold dust . A king of the Skookum Benches offers a large sum to buy Buck , but Thornton has grown fond of him and declines . While Thornton and his friends continue their search for gold , Buck explores the wilderness and socializes with a timber wolf from a local pack . One night , he returns from a long hunt with the wolf pack to find that his beloved master and the others in the camp have been killed by a group of Yeehat natives . Buck eventually kills the natives to avenge Thornton , and he then is attacked by an entire pack of wolves . Buck wins the fight , then finds that the same timber wolf he had socialized with is in the pack he fought . Buck then follows the wolf and its pack into the forest , and answers the call of the wild . At the end of the story , Buck returns each year as the Ghost Dog of the Northland Legend , to mourn at the site of Thornton 's death . </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> Miners carry gear up the Chilkoot Pass to reach the Klondike <P> California native Jack London had traveled around the United States as a hobo , returned to California to finish high school ( he dropped out at age 14 ) , and spent a year in college at Berkeley , when in 1897 he went to the Klondike by way of Alaska during the height of the Klondike Gold Rush . Later , he said of the experience : `` It was in the Klondike I found myself . '' </P> <P> He left California in July and traveled by boat to Dyea , Alaska , where he landed and went inland . To reach the gold fields , he and his party transported their gear over the Chilkoot Pass , often carrying loads as heavy as 100 pounds ( 45 kg ) on their backs . They were successful in staking claims to eight gold mines along the Stewart River . </P> <P> London stayed in the Klondike for almost a year , living temporarily in the frontier town of Dawson City , before moving to a nearby winter camp , where he spent the winter in a temporary shelter reading books he had brought : Charles Darwin 's On the Origin of Species and John Milton 's Paradise Lost . In the winter of 1898 , Dawson City ( today mostly deserted ) was a city comprising about 30,000 miners , a saloon , an opera house , and a street of brothels . </P> Klondike routes map <P> In the spring , as the annual gold stampeders began to stream in , London left . He had contracted scurvy , common in the Arctic winters where fresh produce was unavailable . When his gums began to swell he decided to return to California . With his companions , he rafted 2,000 miles ( 3,200 km ) down the Yukon River , through portions of the wildest territory in the region , until they reached St. Michael . There , he hired himself out on a boat to earn return passage to San Francisco . </P> <P> In Alaska , London found the material that inspired him to write The Call of the Wild . Dyea Beach was the primary point of arrival for miners when London traveled through there , but because its access was treacherous Skagway soon became the new arrival point for prospectors . To reach the Klondike , miners had to navigate White Pass , known as `` Dead Horse Pass '' , where horse carcasses littered the route because they could not survive the harsh and steep ascent . Horses were replaced with dogs as pack animals to transport material over the pass ; particularly strong dogs with thick fur were `` much desired , scarce and high in price '' . </P> <P> London would have seen many dogs , especially prized Husky sled dogs , in Dawson City and in the winter camps situated close to the main sled route . He was friends with Marshall Latham Bond and his brother Louis Whitford Bond , the owners of a mixed St. Bernard - Scotch Collie dog about which London later wrote : `` Yes , Buck is based on your dog at Dawson . '' Beinecke Library at Yale University holds a photograph of Bond 's dog , taken during London 's stay in the Klondike in 1897 . The depiction of the California ranch in the beginning of the story was based on the Bond family ranch . </P> <H2> Publication history ( edit ) </H2> <P> On his return to California , London was unable to find work and relied on odd jobs such as cutting grass . He submitted a query letter to the San Francisco Bulletin proposing a story about his Alaskan adventure , but the idea was rejected because , as the editor told him , `` Interest in Alaska has subsided in an amazing degree . '' A few years later , London wrote a short story about a dog named Bâtard who , at the end of the story , kills his master . London sold the piece to Cosmopolitan Magazine , which published it in the June 1902 issue under the title `` Diablo -- A Dog '' . London 's biographer , Earle Labor , says that London then began work on The Call of the Wild to `` redeem the species '' from his dark characterization of dogs in `` Bâtard '' . Expecting to write a short story , London explains

The novel "The Call of the Wild" by Jack London takes place in

When does the call of the wild take place?

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and trading capabilities of the Satavahanas during the 1st -- 2nd century CE . <P> The Satavahanas participated in ( and benefited from ) economic expansion through intensification of agriculture , increased production of other commodities , and trade within and beyond the Indian subcontinent . </P> <P> During the Satavahana period , several large settlements emerged in the fertile areas , especially along the major rivers . The amount of land under agricultural use also expanded significantly , as a result of forest clearance and construction of irrigation reservoirs . </P> <P> The exploitation of sites with mineral resources may have increased during the Satavahana period , leading to the emergence of new settlements in these areas . Such sites facilitated commerce and crafts ( such as ceramic ware ) . The increased craft production during the Satavahana period is evident from archaeological discoveries at sites such as Kotalingala , as well as epigraphic references to artisans and guilds . </P> <P> The Satavahanas controlled the Indian sea coast , and as a result , they dominated the growing Indian trade with the Roman Empire . The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea mentions two important Satavahana trade centres : Pratishthana and Tagara . Other important urban centres included Kondapur , Banavasi and Madhavpur . Nanaghat was the site of an important pass that linked the Satavahana capital Pratishthana to the sea . </P> <H2> Religion </H2> The Pompeii Lakshmi ivory statuette was found in the ruin of Pompeii ( destroyed in an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE ) . It is thought to have come from Bhokardan in the Satavahana realm in the first half of the 1st century CE . It testifies to Indo - Roman trade relations in the beginning of our era . <P> The Satavahanas were Hindus and claimed Brahmanical status , although they also made generous donations to Buddhist monasteries . The lay people in the Satavahana period generally did not exclusively support a particular religious group . </P> <P> The Naneghat inscription of Nayanika , recorded on the walls of a Buddhist monastic cave , mentions that her husband Satakarni I performed several Vedic sacrifices , including ashvamedha ( horse sacrifice ) , rajasuya ( royal consecration ) , and agnyadheya ( fire ceremony ) . The inscription also records subsantial fees paid to Brahmin priests and attendees for these sacrifices . For example , 10,001 cows were granted for the Bhagala - Dasaratra sacrifice ; and 24,400 coins were granted for another sacrifice , whose name is not clear . </P> <P> In the Nashik inscription of Gautami Balashri , her son Gautamiputra Satakarni is called `` ekabamhana '' , which is interpreted by some as `` unrivaled Brahmana '' , thus indicating a Brahmin origin . However , R.G. Bhandarkar interprets this word as `` the only protector of the Brahmins '' . </P> <P> A number of Buddhist monastic sites emerged in the Deccan region during the Satavahana period . However , the exact relations between these monasteries and the Satavahana government is not clear . The Pandavleni Caves inscription issued during the reign of Kanha states that the cave was excavated by maha - matra ( officer - in - charge ) of the shramanas ( non-Vedic ascetics ) . Based on this , Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya concludes that Kanha favoured Buddhism , and had an administrative department dedicated to the welfare of Buddhist monks . </P> <P> However , Carla M. Sinopoli notes that although there are some records of donations to the Buddhist monasteries by the Satavahana royals , the vast majority of the donations were made by the non-royals . The most common among these donors were merchants , and many of the monasteries were located along the important trade routes . The merchants probably donated to the monasteries , because these sites facilitated trade by serving as rest houses , and possibly by directly participating in the trade . The monasteries appear to have been an important venue for displaying charitable donations , including the donations made to non-Buddhists ( especially Brahmins ) . </P> <H2> Inscriptions </H2> The inscription on the Southern Gateway at Sanchi mentioning `` Gift of Ananda , the son of Vasithi , the foreman of the artisans of rajan Siri Satakarni '' ( the inscription is written in three lines over the dome of the stupa in this relief ) . Circa 50 BCE - 0 CE . <P> Several Brahmi script inscriptions are available from the Satavahana period , but most of these record donations to Buddhist institutions by individuals , and do not provide much information about the dynasty . The inscriptions issued by the Satavahana royals themselves also primarily concern religious donations , although some of them provide some information about the rulers and the imperial structure . </P> <P> The earliest extant Satavahana inscription is from Nashik Cave 19 , which states that the cave was commissioned by Mahamatra Saman of Nashik during the reign of king Kanha . </P> <P> At Naneghat , an inscription issued by Nayanika , the widow of Satakarni I , has been found . It records Nayanika 's lineage and mentions the Vedic sacrifices performed by the royal family . Another inscription at Naneghat comprises names of Satavahana royals , appearing as labels over their bas - relief portraits . The portraits are now completely eroded , but the inscription is believed to be contemporary to Nayanika 's inscription on a paleographic basis . </P> <P> The next oldest Satavahana - era inscription appears on a sculpted gateway element of Stupa 1 at Sanchi . It states that the element was donated by Ananda , who was the son of Siri Satakarni 's foreman of artisans . This inscription is probably from the reign of Satakarni II . </P> <H2> Coinage </H2> <P> The Satavahanas are among the earliest Indian rulers to issue their own coins with portraits of their rulers , starting with king Gautamiputra Satakarni , a practice derived from that of the Western Kshatrapas he defeated , itself originating with the Indo - Greek kings to the northwest . </P> <P> Thousands of lead , copper and potin Satavahana coins have been discovered in the Deccan region ; a few gold and silver coins are also available . These coins do not feature uniform design or size , and suggest that multiple minting locations existed within the Satavahana territory , leading to regional differences in coinage . </P> <P> The coin legends of the Satavahanas , in all areas and all periods , used a Prakrit dialect without exception . Some reverse coin legends are in Tamil , and Telugu languages . </P> <P> Several coins carry titles or matronyms that were common to multiple rulers ( e.g. Satavahana , Satakarni , and Pulumavi ) , so the number of rulers attested by coinage can not be determined with certainty . The names of 16 to 20 rulers appear on the various coins . Some of these rulers appear to be local elites rather than the Satavahana monarchs . </P> <P> The Satavahana coins give unique indications as to their chronology , language , and even facial features ( curly hair , long ears and strong lips ) . They issued mainly lead and copper coins ; their portrait - style silver coins were usually struck over coins of the Western Kshatrapa kings . The Satavahana coins also display various traditional symbols , such as elephants , lions , horses and chaityas ( stupas ) , as well as the `` Ujjain symbol '' , a cross with four circles at the end . </P> <Ul> <Li> <P> Early Satavahana coinage , Satakarni issue , Maharashtra -- Vidarbha type , 1st century BCE . </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Satavahana 1st century BCE coin inscribed in Brahmi : `` ( Sataka ) Nisa '' . British Museum </P> </Li> <Li> <P> Coin of Gautamiputra Yajna Satakarni ( r . 167 -- 196 CE ) . </P> </Li> </Ul> <H2> Cultural achievements </H2> <P> The Satavahanas patronised the Prakrit language instead of Sanskrit . The Satavahana king Hāla is famous for compiling the collection of Maharashtri poems known as the Gaha Sattasai ( Sanskrit : Gāthā Saptashatī ) , although from linguistic evidence it seems that the work now extant must have been re-edited in the succeeding century or two . Through this book , it was evident that agriculture was the main means of livelihood . Also many sorts of superstitions had prevailed . Additionally , Gunadhya , the minister of Hala , was the author of Brihatkatha . </P> <H3> Sculptures </H3> <P> Madhukar Keshav Dhavalikar writes that `` The Satavahana sculptures unfortunately has never been recognized as an independent school in spite of the fact it has its own distinctive characteristic features . The earliest in point of time is that in the Bhaja Vihara cave which marks the beginning of sculptural art in the Satavahana dominion around 200BC . It is profusely decorated with carvings , and even pillars have a lotus capital crowned with sphinx - like mythic animals . '' Dhavalikar also writes that in Chankama `` the panel occurring on the west pillar of Northern Gateway portrays a very important event in Buddha 's life . It depicts votaries , two each on either side of what looks like a ladder which actually is the promenade which Buddha is supposed to have walked . It is said that Buddha , after attaining Enlightment , spent four weeks near the Bodhi tree . Of these , the third week he spent walking along the promenade ( chankama ) to and fro . '' </P> <P> Along with some of the above major Satavahana sculptures some more sculptures existed -- namely , Dvarapala , Gajalaksmi , Shalabhanjikas , Royal Procession , Decorative pillar , etc . </P> <H3> Bronze </H3> Royal earrings , Andhra Pradesh , 1st Century BCE . <P> Several metal figurines are found that could be attributed to the Satavahanas . A hoard of unique bronze objects were also found from Bramhapuri . Numerous articles obtained from there were Indian but also reflected Roman and Italian influence . A small statue of Poseidon , wine jugs , and a plaque depicting Perseus and Andromeda were also obtained from the house from where the objects were found . The fine elephant in the Ashmolean Museum , the Yaksi image in the British Museum , and the cornucopia found in Posheri , kept at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya can also be attributed to the Satavahana period . </P> <H3> Architecture </H3> <P> Sculptures of Amravati represent the architectural development of the Satavahana periods . They built Buddhist stupas in Amravati ( 95 feet high ) . They also constructed a large number of stupas at Goli , Jaggiahpeta , Gantasala , Amravati Bhattiprolu , and Shri Parvatam . Caves IX and X , containing Ajanta paintings , were patronized by Satavahana , and the painting throughout the caves appear to have started with them . Ashokan Stupas were enlarged , the earlier bricks and wood works being replaced with stone works . The most famous of these monuments are the stupas , the most famous among them being the Amravati Stupa and the Nagarjunakonda Stupa . </P> <H3> Paintings </H3> <P> The Satavahana paintings are the earliest surviving specimens -- excluding prehistoric -- in India , and they are to be found only at the Ajanta . There were two phases of artistic activity of Ajanta : the first occurring in the 2nd to 1st centuries BC , when Hinayana caves were excavated during Satavahana rule ; the later in the second half of the 5th century under the Vakatakas . Vagaries of nature and some vandalism have taken a heavy toll on the Ajanta Caves . Only a few fragments related to the Satavahanas have survived in Caves No. 9 and 10 , both of which are chaitya - grihas with stupas . </P> <P> The most important surviving painting of the Satavahana period at Ajanta is the Chhadanta Jataka in Cave No. 10 , but that ,

The first kings to issue coins bearing their names were

Who were the first kings to issue coins bearing their names?

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to quit the Serpents . Jughead and Betty decide to throw F.P. a `` retirement '' party at the Whyte Worm , so they enlist Archie and Veronica to do the detective work . While Jughead reconnects with his dad , Betty goes to the Whyte Worm to organize the party . There , she meets Toni and tells her she wants to keep watch over Jughead . Archie and Veronica follow a lead on a past serial killer called the Riverdale Reaper , who murdered a family of four before being killed himself by a lynch mob . Their investigation leads them to discover there was a fifth member of the family , which they discover to be the school 's janitor , Joseph Svenson . Archie and Veronica confront Svenson , but decide he is n't the Black Hood . At the party , F.P. , who is upset that Jughead helped Peabody , decides to stay with the Serpents . Outside , Veronica breaks up with Archie following a discussion about love . Jughead , not wanting to bring Betty into the Serpents ' business , also ends their relationship . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 22 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Twenty - Two : Silent Night , Deadly Night '' </Td> <Td> Rob Seidenglanz </Td> <Td> Shepard Boucher </Td> <Td> December 13 , 2017 ( 2017 - 12 - 13 ) </Td> <Td> T13. 20809 </Td> <Td> 1.43 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Fred receives a hospital bill of $86,000 . Failing to convince her parents to help Fred , Veronica sneaks into Hiram 's study and finds out that he bought Pop 's . She later convinces him and Hermione to stop hiding secrets from her and help Fred . Jughead rallies the younger Serpents , who kidnap Peabody and cut off her Serpent tattoo . Betty and Archie receive a box from the Black Hood , containing Svenson 's finger . They then receive a call from the Black Hood , who challenges them to find Svenson . They are able to find Svenson 's location , but instead find an empty coffin . The Black Hood then arrives and tries to force Betty into burying Archie alive , but flees when the police arrive . After a chase , Keller shoots and kills the Black Hood before he can escape . The Black Hood is then revealed to be Svenson himself . Later , with the Black Hood dead , Veronica and Archie get back together , while Betty throws away all of her findings surrounding Svenson , but she keeps the hood he gave her earlier . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 23 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Twenty - Three : The Blackboard Jungle '' </Td> <Td> Tim Hunter </Td> <Td> Britta Lundin & Brian E. Paterson </Td> <Td> January 17 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 17 ) </Td> <Td> T13. 20810 </Td> <Td> 1.44 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> The Lodges strike a deal with Mayor McCoy for land which involves shutting down Southside High , causing Jughead , Toni , Sweet Pea and the other Serpents to transfer to Riverdale High , putting them at odds with other students . Archie is approached by FBI Agent Adams , who wants his help on finding proof of Hiram 's criminal dealings . Archie agrees to help in exchange for immunity for Veronica and Fred . Archie investigates Nick , who implies that Hiram was behind his car crash , which broke both of his legs . Despite Hal 's objections , Betty and Alice track down Alice 's son she gave up for adoption , Chic . Chic initially refuses to come with them , but Betty returns to his residence and saves him from an assault , bringing him to the Cooper household . Jughead , following advice from FP , gets his fellow Serpents to lay low . Archie reveals to Adams that he secretly doubts Svenson was really the Black Hood . That night , Chic lurks in Betty 's room while she sleeps . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 24 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Twenty - Four : The Wrestler '' </Td> <Td> Gregg Araki </Td> <Td> Greg Murray & Devon Turner </Td> <Td> January 24 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 24 ) </Td> <Td> T13. 20811 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Pickens ' Day , a day in remembrance of Riverdale 's founder , nears . Adams tells Archie to get close to Hiram . With Veronica 's urging , he tries out for the wrestling team in order to impress Hiram , a former wrestler . This , however , causes tension between the two to rise . Betty learns that Chic is a webcam model , and attempts to reach out to him , talking about her ' dark side ' . Mayor McCoy organizes the Pickens ' Day festival , which the Lodges attempt to spin as a festival with North / Southside unity , with the Serpents as security . Jughead interviews Toni 's grandfather for a school project , learning that Toni 's grandfather was a member of a Native American tribe which was slaughtered by Pickens . Jughead publishes this story as an article , escalting tensions with the two sides . Tensions arise between Veronica and Josie , with McCoy driving a wedge between the two . At the Pickens Day fest , the Serpents protest the event , but Hiram spins their words positively . That night , Archie meets with Hiram , who offers Archie his business tutelage , which Archie accepts . The next morning , McCoy , Sheriff Keller , and the Lodges meet at the statue of Pickens , which has been decapitated . They decide to blame the desecration on the Serpents . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 25 </Th> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Twenty - Five : The Wicked and the Divine '' </Td> <Td> Rachel Talalay </Td> <Td> Roberto Aguirre - Sacasa </Td> <Td> January 31 , 2018 ( 2018 - 01 - 31 ) </Td> <Td> T13. 20812 </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 26 </Th> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Twenty - Six : The Tell - Tale Heart '' </Td> <Td> Julie Plec </Td> <Td> Michael Grassi </Td> <Td> February 7 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 27 </Th> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Twenty - Seven : The Hills Have Eyes '' </Td> <Td> David Katzenberg </Td> <Td> Ross Maxwell </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 28 </Th> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Twenty - Eight : There Will Be Blood '' </Td> <Td> Mark Piznarski </Td> <Td> Aaron Allen </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 29 </Th> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Twenty - Nine : Primary Colors '' </Td> <Td> Sherwin Shilati </Td> <Td> James DeWille </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 30 </Th> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Thirty : The Noose Tightens '' </Td> <Td> Alexis Ostrander </Td> <Td> Britta Lundin & Brian E. Paterson </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 31 </Th> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> `` Chapter Thirty - One : A Night to Remember '' </Td> <Td> Jason Stone </Td> <Td> Arabella Anderson & Tessa Leigh Williams </Td> <Td> April 18 , 2018 ( 2018 - 04 - 18 ) </Td> <Td> TBA </Td> <Td> TBD </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> This episode will be a musical event covering songs from Carrie : The Musical . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Production </H2> <H3> Development </H3> <P> Warner Bros. began development on an Archie feature film in 2013 , after a pitch from writer Roberto Aguirre - Sacasa and director Jason Moore that would place Archie 's gang into a teen comedy feature film in the John Hughes tradition . The duo brought the project to Warner Bros. , where a VP recommended a more high - concept direction involving time travel or interdimensional portals , suggesting Louis C.K. to portray an older Archie . Dan Lin and Roy Lee became producers on the project , which eventually stalled as priorities shifted at the studio towards larger tentpole films and was reimagined as a television series . Riverdale was originally in development at Fox , with the network landing the project in 2014 with a script deal plus penalty . However , Fox did not go forward with the project . In 2015 , the show 's development was moved to The CW , which officially ordered a pilot on January 29 , 2016 . On March 7 , 2017 , The CW announced that the series had been renewed for a second season . </P> <H3> Casting </H3> <P> Casting Archie was a difficult process , with Aguirre - Sacasa stating `` I think we literally saw every redheaded young guy in L.A. It certainly felt that way . '' The production team found KJ Apa just three days before they had to present screen tests to the network , which created tension in the last few days leading up to the studio presentation . </P> <P> In April 2017 , it was announced Mark Consuelos had signed on for the second season to play Veronica Lodge 's father , Hiram Lodge . The role was in second position to his existing role on Pitch but the cancellation of that series was announced on May 1 , 2017 . The next month , it was announced Charles Melton was cast to take over the role of Reggie from Ross Butler in season 2 due to his status as a series regular on 13 Reasons Why . It was also announced that Casey Cott , who played Kevin Keller , was promoted to a series regular . In July 2017 , it was announced that True Blood star Brit Morgan had been cast in the recurring role of Penny Peabody , an attorney the Southside Serpents call in case of any run - ins with the law . In August 2017 , it was announced Graham Phillips had been cast to play Nick St. Clair , Veronica 's ex-boyfriend from New York . </P> <H3> Filming </H3> The Pop 's Chock'lit Shoppe set in Vancouver , Canada <P> Filming of the pilot began on March 14 , 2016 , and ended on April 1 in Vancouver , British Columbia . Production on the remaining 12 episodes of season one began on September 7 , 2016 , in Vancouver . Sets include Pop Tate 's Chock'lit Shoppe , a copy of the functioning diner used in the pilot that is so realistic a truck driver parked his 18 - wheeler there , believing that it was open . Season two will also be filmed in Vancouver and the nearby Fraser Valley . Principal photography began on June 22 , 2017 . The aerial view of Riverdale is actually drawn from stock footage used in the series Pretty Little Liars , Gilmore Girls , and the landmark setting are the same utilized in both of the aforementioned series as well as in Hart of Dixie . </P> <H3> Homages to other films and TV series </H3> <P> Several reviewers had noted that the series ' episode titles , are often taken directly or slightly altered from the titles of older films . For example , De Elizabeth of TeenVogue points out that Riverdale 's pilot episode was named `` River 's Edge '' after the 1986 film of the same name , and the season finale also takes its name from 1997 's The Sweet Hereafter . Executive producer Roberto Aguirre - Sacasa notes that this is a deliberate choice , in order to hint at what will happen in that episode . </P> <P> Additionally , Katie - Kouise Smith , of Popbuzz , notes that the opening credits for Riverdale mirror those

New episodes of Riverdale Season 2 resume on

When do new episodes of riverdale season 2 come out?

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Rio Bravo ( film ) - wikipedia <H1> Rio Bravo ( film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Rio Bravo . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Rio Bravo </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Howard Hawks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> Howard Hawks </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Jules Furthman </Li> <Li> Leigh Brackett </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> `` Rio Bravo '' by B.H. McCampbell </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> John Wayne </Li> <Li> Dean Martin </Li> <Li> Ricky Nelson </Li> <Li> Angie Dickinson </Li> <Li> Walter Brennan </Li> <Li> Ward Bond </Li> <Li> John Russell </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Dimitri Tiomkin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Russell Harlan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Folmar Blangsted </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Warner Bros . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Warner Bros . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> March 18 , 1959 ( 1959 - 03 - 18 ) ( USA ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 141 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $5.2 million ( est . US / Canada rentals ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Rio Bravo is a 1959 American Western film produced and directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Wayne , Dean Martin , Ricky Nelson , Angie Dickinson , Walter Brennan , and Ward Bond . Written by Jules Furthman and Leigh Brackett , based on the short story `` Rio Bravo '' by B.H. McCampbell , the film is about the sheriff of the town of Rio Bravo , Texas , who arrests the brother of a powerful local rancher to help his drunken deputy / friend . With the help of a cripple and a young gunfighter , they hold off the rancher 's gang . Rio Bravo was filmed on location at Old Tucson Studios outside Tucson , Arizona , in Technicolor . </P> <P> In 2014 , Rio Bravo was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 High Noon debate </Li> <Li> 5 Reception </Li> <Li> 6 Remakes and inspirations <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Remakes </Li> <Li> 6.2 Inspirations </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Music </Li> <Li> 8 Comic book adaption </Li> <Li> 9 See also </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 Further reading </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> In the town of Rio Bravo , Texas , sheriff 's deputy Dude ( Dean Martin ) , who has acquired the contemptuous nickname Borrachón ( pronounced ( bo. raˈtʃon ) , Spanish for `` big drunk '' ) , enters a saloon but can not afford a drink . Joe Burdette ( Claude Akins ) , brother of rancher Nathan Burdette , watches as a barfly ( Myron Healey ) , tosses a silver dollar into a spittoon . Presidio County , Texas , Sheriff John T. Chance ( John Wayne ) appears and kicks the spittoon away , looking at Dude with disgust . Dude is shamed by his plight and takes out his anger on Chance , knocking him out with an ax handle . Joe begins punching Dude , then shoots and kills an unarmed bystander who tries to intervene . </P> <P> Joe heads to his brother 's saloon , where a bloody Chance comes to arrest him for the murder of the bystander . Another patron draws his gun on Chance , but Dude shoots the gun out of the man 's hand . Joe is locked up in the local jail . Chance is willing to deputize Dude , provided he can stay sober . Both remember how good with a gun Dude used to be . </P> <P> Chance 's friend Pat Wheeler ( Ward Bond ) and his wagon train of supplies stop in town , with a young gunslinger , Colorado Ryan ( Ricky Nelson ) , riding guard . Inside the jail , Stumpy ( Walter Brennan ) , Chance 's game - legged deputy , keeps watch over the jail and Joe , who knows that Stumpy holds an old grudge against Joe 's wealthy and powerful brother . Joe warns his jailers that Nathan Burdette will not like how his brother is being treated . </P> <P> A mysterious woman nicknamed Feathers ( Angie Dickinson ) is in the saloon , playing poker . In the meantime , Dude and Chance patrol the town . Hotel owner Carlos ( Pedro Gonzalez - Gonzalez ) stops the sheriff , saying Wheeler has been talking too much about Chance needing help . In the saloon , Chance implores Wheeler to stop , as it will draw attention from the wrong people . Wheeler suggests that Colorado could be of assistance , but Colorado politely declines , saying he wants to `` mind my own business '' . Colorado also promises not to start any trouble without telling the sheriff first . </P> <P> Feathers leaves the poker game a winner . Chance follows her up to her room and confronts her as a card cheat , with his evidence three missing aces from the deck of cards being used in the game and a handbill indicating she is wanted for card cheating . Colorado intervenes , saying another participant in the game is the real cheat . They confront the card cheat and prove his guilt . Chance refuses to apologize to Feathers for doing his job , but is no longer in a hurry to make her leave town . </P> <P> As Wheeler is walking back to the hotel , he is shot dead by a Burdette man hiding in the stable . Colorado offers to help , but is angrily turned away by Chance , who says , `` You had a chance to get in this and you did n't want it . '' Chance and Dude flush out the shooter , who escapes into Nathan 's saloon after Dude wounds him . Dude believes the man has muddy boots , but everyone in the bar has clean boots . Two of Burdette 's men suggest Dude needs a drink and one throws a silver dollar into a spittoon . The bartender puts a beer on the bar , but Dude notices blood dripping into the glass from above . He turns , fires , and kills the shooter . </P> <P> Chance goes back to the hotel to sleep . Without his knowledge , Feathers stands guard at the door to keep him safe , then returns to her room when he awakens . Chance discovers what she did and advises that she should leave on the next stagecoach . </P> <P> Nathan Burdette ( John Russell ) arrives in town with his men , intent on seeing his brother Joe . Dude is standing guard and confiscating all guns . One of Burdette 's men ignores him until Dude cuts one of his horse 's reins with a single shot . Nathan agrees to turn in their guns until they leave . </P> <P> Carlos says Feathers will not get on the stagecoach . She tells the sheriff she does not want to leave , then gives him a kiss . He indicates if he were not in such a fix at the jail , things between them might be different . </P> <P> Colorado visits the jail to tell Chance the meaning of a song , `` Degüello '' , or `` The Cutthroat Song '' , that Nathan is paying men to play at his saloon . The song , reported to have been played by Antonio López de Santa Anna 's men at the siege of the Alamo , indicates that `` no quarter '' will be given to one 's enemy , no mercy . Dude is trying hard to stay sober . He is given back his guns ( the ones he had before he left town , sold by Dude , but bought back by Chance ) , as well as some clothes he left behind . </P> <P> The next morning , while Dude is standing guard at the town entryway , four Burdette men attack him from behind and tie him up in a stable . Others get the drop on Chance , whose rifle is just out of reach . From inside the hotel , acting on Colorado 's instructions , Feathers throws a flower pot through a window a moment after Colorado steps out on the porch , distracting the Burdette men . Colorado quickly throws Chance 's rifle to him and the two men shoot the three Burdette hands . </P> <P> Chance decides to have his men hole up in the jail , as it will take several more days for the United States Marshal to arrive to take Joe to the Presidio . Dude 's nerves are shot , but as he is about to take a drink , the sound of `` The Cutthroat Song '' played by Burdette 's musicians steels his resolve . He and Chance go to the hotel to round up additional supplies , but Carlos and Consuela are captured by Burdette 's men , who trick Chance into charging and falling over a rope tied at the bottom of the stairs . Dude and Feathers are unable to help . </P> <P> Chance is ordered to take the men to the jail to let Joe go . He is reluctant to do so , but Dude implores Chance to cooperate , saying that Stumpy is alone and has no food or water to hold out very long . The remaining Burdette men at the hotel take Dude hostage and Nathan Burdette offers to trade him later for Joe . </P> <P> Stumpy opens fire at the jail , holding off Burdette 's men . Chance and Colorado then take Joe to make the trade for Dude at a warehouse , leaving Stumpy behind because of his bad leg . During the trade , walking in opposite directions , Dude tackles Joe and they scuffle while a gunfight erupts . Stumpy turns up and helps even the odds . Dude overpowers Joe . The lawmen throw dynamite sticks at the warehouse where Burdette and his men are based , shooting the sticks to explode them . After a few explosions rock the warehouse , the criminals surrender . </P> <P> All is quiet in town as Chance gets reacquainted with Feathers , who models a skimpy new costume she will be wearing in her new job singing at the hotel . After a pair of sheer tights comes floating from a window to the street , a delighted Stumpy retrieves it , but Dude cautions him to mind his own business . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> John Wayne and Angie Dickinson in Rio Bravo <Ul> <Li> John Wayne as John T. Chance </Li> <Li> Dean Martin as Dude </Li> <Li> Ricky Nelson as Colorado / Ryan </Li> <Li> Angie Dickinson as Feathers </Li> <Li> Walter Brennan as Stumpy </Li> <Li> Ward Bond as Pat Wheeler </Li> <Li> John Russell as Nathan Burdette </Li> <Li> Pedro Gonzalez Gonzalez as Carlos Robante </Li> <Li> Estelita Rodriguez as Consuela Robante </Li> <Li> Claude Akins as Joe Burdette </Li> <Li> Joseph Shimada as Burt </Li> </Ul> <P> Malcolm Atterbury and Harry Carey Jr. also receive a screen credit in the film 's opening , but their scenes were deleted from the final film . </P>

The role of the Colorado Kid in the movie Rio Bravo was played by

Who played the colorado kid in rio bravo?

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Layer Cake ( film ) - Wikipedia <H1> Layer Cake ( film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Layer Cake </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Matthew Vaughn </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Adam Bohling </Li> <Li> David Reid </Li> <Li> Matthew Vaughn </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> J.J. Connolly </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> Layer Cake by J.J. Connolly </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Daniel Craig </Li> <Li> Colm Meaney </Li> <Li> Kenneth Cranham </Li> <Li> George Harris </Li> <Li> Jamie Foreman </Li> <Li> Sienna Miller </Li> <Li> Michael Gambon </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Lisa Gerrard Ilan Eshkeri </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Ben Davis </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Jon Harris </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> Marv Films </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Sony Pictures Entertainment </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1 October 2004 ( 2004 - 10 - 01 ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 105 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Budget </Th> <Td> $6.5 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $11.9 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Layer Cake ( also occasionally stylised as L4YER CAKƐ ) is a 2004 British crime thriller film directed by Matthew Vaughn , in his directorial debut . The screenplay was adapted by J.J. Connolly from his novel of the same name . The film 's plot revolves around a London - based criminal known as XXXX , played by Daniel Craig , working in the trade of cocaine who wishes to leave the drug business . The film also features Tom Hardy , Colm Meaney , and Sienna Miller . </P> <P> The film was produced by Adam Bohling , David Reid and Matthew Vaughn , with Stephen Marks as executive producer . The title refers to the social strata , especially in the British criminal underworld . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Soundtrack </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5.3 Home media </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Continuation </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article 's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed . Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. ( April 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A 30 - something man ( XXXX ) , is a London underworld criminal who has established himself as one of the biggest cocaine suppliers in the city , with effective legitimate cover . Considering himself a businessman and patience as a prime virtue , XXXX leaves the darker aspects of the business to his henchman Morty , a man having recently ended a 10 - year prison sentence for murder . Once he has earned enough to ensure his long - term financial security , XXXX plans to retire . </P> <P> On the evening XXXX intends to set these plans into motion , his sponsor and powerful supplier Jimmy Price puts two crucial missions in his hands . The first is to track down Charlie , the teenage daughter of Jimmy 's associate Eddie Temple , who has fled a rehabilitation centre along with her drug - addicted boyfriend Pinky . XXXX decides to enlist two con men , Cody and Tiptoes , to perform this task . They investigate , and find the boyfriend dead and Charlie apparently kidnapped , although no ransom has been demanded . </P> <P> The second mission Jimmy assigns to XXXX is to organise the purchase and distribution of one million ecstasy tablets from a low - level gangster who styles himself `` The Duke '' . Unbeknownst to XXXX , the pills had been stolen from a gang of Serbian war criminals based in the Netherlands , a massive drug production outfit with an honour - avenging bent . </P> <P> XXXX encounters the Duke 's out - of - touch nephew Sidney at a bar and becomes attracted to his disillusioned girlfriend Tammy . XXXX tries to broker the sale of the ecstasy pills to Liverpool gangsters Trevor and Shanks , but they refuse , informing him of the drugs ' purloined nature , and that in response the Serbs have sent an assassin , known as Dragan , to find the pills and kill those responsible for their theft . Duke had mentioned XXXX 's name to the Serbs beforehand , so he too is in danger . Members of the Duke 's gang soon start turning up dead and the Duke himself goes missing . </P> <P> XXXX arranges a tryst with Tammy , but before it can be consummated , he is kidnapped by henchmen of Eddie Temple , father of Charlie , the missing girl . Eddie informs him that Jimmy Price has recently lost £ 13 million in a failed investment in Africa and planned for XXXX to find Charlie so Jimmy could take her hostage until Eddie could get him his money back . Jimmy was also hoping to sell the pills to recoup his losses ; Eddie then plays XXXX a recording indicating that Jimmy has been a long - term informant for Scotland Yard and intends to betray XXXX to the police as soon as the deal is done , planning to gain clemency from the deal and also take away XXXX 's wealth . Eddie demands that XXXX sells the pills to himself instead . </P> <P> A furious XXXX shoots and kills Jimmy at his home , but does so with a gun that Gene , Jimmy 's henchman and his main liaison with XXXX , had used to commit a prior murder , putting Gene under police attention . XXXX then discovers that his accountant , who operated his legitimate front and was referred to him by Jimmy Price , has stolen all of his money and disappeared . Gene and Morty initially suspect XXXX of foulplay ; after being shown the evidence of Jimmy 's snitching , the pair acknowledge XXXX as the group 's new acting boss and show him the corpse of the Duke . Gene killed him along with girlfriend and crime - partner , Slasher , when the latter threatened to alert the police about the pills . </P> <P> To recoup something from the fiasco , XXXX tips the police off to the Duke 's hideout , who then conduct a raid . XXXX is intentionally present during the raid to feign purchasing the pills from the Duke 's crew , and Dragan , who has been following XXXX , witnesses the raid from afar as the police confiscate the drugs while XXXX and Duke 's surviving crew escape . Meanwhile , XXXX has arranged for Cody and Tiptoes to infiltrate the raiding police and con the unit out of the pills . XXXX delivers the severed head of the Duke to Dragan as a peace offering , who reports back to his Serbian boss that the police have seized the drugs . Cody and Tiptoes return the drugs to XXXX in exchange for a fee , and XXXX in turn looks to sell them to Eddie Temple as planned . However , during the handover at the latter 's bonded warehouse , Eddie 's henchmen rob his crew of the drugs at gunpoint . To end XXXX 's faux assignment given by Jimmy , Eddie reveals that his daughter Charlie 's boyfriend died at his men 's hands ; she was recovered before Jimmy Price ever tasked XXXX with finding her , and Eddie had her put back into rehab all this time . </P> <P> To mollify XXXX , Eddie gives him a `` Welcome to the Layer Cake '' : a membership to the Stoke Park Country Club of which he is ( and Jimmy was ) a member . Expecting betrayal , XXXX successfully arranges for Trevor , Shanks , and young Dizzy to steal the drugs back from Eddie 's men . The gang assembles for lunch at the Stoke Park Club , honoring XXXX their new boss . However , he declines , stating his intention to stick to his planned retirement all along . When leaving the club with Tammy , mentally running through the names of his fellow murdered businessmen he hopes to avoid joining , XXXX is shot by a heart - broken Sidney . XXXX collapses bleeding , and he lies twitching on the front steps while contemplating his possible death . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Daniel Craig as XXXX </Li> <Li> Colm Meaney as Gene </Li> <Li> Kenneth Cranham as Jimmy Price </Li> <Li> George Harris as Morty </Li> <Li> Jamie Foreman as the Duke </Li> <Li> Michael Gambon as Eddie Temple </Li> <Li> Marcel Iureş as Slavo </Li> <Li> Tom Hardy as Clarkie </Li> <Li> Tamer Hassan as Terry </Li> <Li> Ben Whishaw as Sidney </Li> <Li> Burn Gorman as Gazza </Li> <Li> Sally Hawkins as Slasher </Li> <Li> Sienna Miller as Tammy </Li> <Li> Dexter Fletcher as Cody </Li> <Li> Steve John Shepherd as Tiptoes </Li> <Li> Daniel Moorehead as Dizzy </Li> <Li> Louis Emerick as Trevor </Li> <Li> Stephen Walters as Shanks </Li> <Li> Francis Magee as Paul the boatman </Li> <Li> Dragan Mićanović as Dragan </Li> <Li> Nathalie Lunghi as Charlie </Li> <Li> Jason Flemyng as Crazy Larry </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> Filming began in June 2003 . Queen 's Gate Mews , SW7 , was used as the filming location for the home of Daniel Craig 's character XXXX . </P> <H2> Soundtrack ( edit ) </H2> <P> The soundtrack from Layer Cake is composed of 14 tracks . </P> <Ol> <Li> `` Hayling '' -- FC Kahuna </Li> <Li> `` Opening '' -- Ilan Eshkeri and Steve McLaughlin </Li> <Li> `` She Sells Sanctuary '' -- The Cult </Li> <Li> `` Ca n't Get Blue Monday Out of My Head '' ( Original Radio Edit ) -- Kylie Minogue </Li> <Li> `` You Got the Love '' ( Original bootleg radio mix ) -- The Source feat . Candi Staton </Li> <Li> `` Drive to the Boatyard '' -- Ilan Eshkeri </Li> <Li> `` Junky Fight '' -- Lisa Gerrard </Li> <Li> `` Making Plans for Nigel '' -- XTC </Li> <Li> `` Ordinary World '' -- Duran Duran </Li> <Li> `` Ruthless Gravity '' -- Craig Armstrong </Li> <Li> `` Four to the Floor '' ( Soulsavers Mix ) -- Starsailor </Li> <Li> `` Drive to the Warehouse '' -- Ilan Eshkeri and Lisa Gerrard </Li> <Li> `` Aria '' ( Layer Cake Speech ) -- Lisa Gerrard with Michael Gambon </Li> <Li> `` Do n't Let Me Be Misunderstood '' -- Joe Cocker </Li> </Ol> <P> The Rolling Stones song `` Gimme Shelter '' also features in the film but does not appear on the soundtrack album . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Box office ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Film </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Release date </Th> <Th colspan="3"> Box office revenue </Th> <Th colspan="2"> Box office ranking </Th> <Th> Budget </Th> <Th> Reference </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Worldwide </Th> <Th> United States </Th> <Th> United States </Th> <Th> International </Th> <Th> Worldwide </Th> <Th> All time United States </Th> <Th> All time worldwide </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Layer Cake </Td> <Td> May 2005 </Td> <Td> May 2005 </Td> <Td> $2,339,957 </Td> <Td> $9,510,257 </Td> <Td> $11,850,214 </Td> <Td> # 5,288 </Td> <Td> Unknown </Td> <Td> $6.5

The main character's name in the movie Layer Cake is

What is the main character's name in layer cake?

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Jack Lord - wikipedia <H1> Jack Lord </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Jack Lord </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Lord as Detective Steve McGarrett in Hawaii Five - O </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> John Joseph Patrick Ryan ( 1920 - 12 - 30 ) December 30 , 1920 Brooklyn , New York , U.S. </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> January 21 , 1998 ( 1998 - 01 - 21 ) ( aged 77 ) Honolulu , Hawaii , U.S </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cause of death </Th> <Td> Congestive heart failure </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Occupation </Th> <Td> Artist , actor , director , producer , philanthropist </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Years active </Th> <Td> 1949 -- 1980 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Known for </Th> <Td> Steve McGarrett in Hawaii Five - O </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Ann Cicily Ward ( m . 1944 ; div. 1947 ) Marie De Narde ( m . 1949 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> John Joseph Patrick Ryan ( December 30 , 1920 -- January 21 , 1998 ) , best known by his stage name , Jack Lord , was an American television , film and Broadway actor and director and producer . He was known for his starring role as Steve McGarrett in the CBS television program Hawaii Five - O , which ran from 1968 to 1980 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Early years </Li> <Li> 2 Career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Hawaii Five - O </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Artist </Li> <Li> 4 Personal life </Li> <Li> 5 Popular culture </Li> <Li> 6 Death </Li> <Li> 7 Memorial </Li> <Li> 8 Filmography </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Early years ( edit ) </H2> <P> Born in Brooklyn , New York , Lord was the son of Irish - American parents . His father , William Lawrence Ryan , was a steamship company executive . He grew up in Morris Park ( now known as Richmond Hill ) , Queens , New York . </P> <P> Young Lord developed his equestrian skills on his mother 's fruit farm in the Hudson River Valley . He started spending summers at sea , and from the decks of cargo ships painted and sketched the landscapes he encountered -- Africa , the Mediterranean and China . He was educated at St. Benedict Joseph Labre School , John Adams High School , in Ozone Park , New York , and the United States Merchant Marine Academy , then located at Fort Trumbull in New London , Connecticut , graduating as an Ensign with a Third Mates License . He attended New York University ( NYU ) on a football scholarship , and earned a degree in Fine Arts . </P> <P> He spent the first year of the United States ' involvement in World War II with the United States Army Corps of Engineers , building bridges in Persia . He returned to the Merchant Marine as an Able Seaman before enrolling in the deck officer course at Fort Trumbull . While making maritime training films , he took to the idea of acting . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <P> Lord received theatrical training from Sanford Meisner at the Neighborhood Playhouse . He worked first as a car salesman for Horgan Ford , then later as a Cadillac salesman in New York to fund his studies . Later he studied at the Actors Studio . </P> <P> His Broadway debut was as Slim Murphy in Horton Foote 's The Traveling Lady with Kim Stanley . The show ran for 30 performances , October 27 , 1954 through November 20 , 1954 . Lord won the Theatre World Award for his performance . Lord was then cast as Brick in a replacement for Ben Gazzara in the 1955 -- 1956 production of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof . He had been in The Little Hut ( his first play ) , The Illegitimist , and The Savage . </P> <P> His first commercial film role was in the 1949 film The Red Menace a.k.a. Project X , an anti-Communist production . He was associate producer in his 1950 film Cry Murder . In 1957 , Lord starred in Williamsburg : the Story of a Patriot , which has run daily at Colonial Williamsburg since then . In 1958 , Lord co-starred as Buck Walden in God 's Little Acre , the film adaptation of Erskine Caldwell 's 1933 novel . </P> <P> Lord was the first actor to play the character Felix Leiter in the James Bond film series , introduced in the first Bond film , Dr. No . According to screenwriter Richard Maibaum , Lord demanded co-star billing , a bigger role and more money to reprise the role in Goldfinger , which resulted in director Guy Hamilton casting Cec Linder in the role . </P> <P> In 1962 , Lord starred as series namesake Stoney Burke , a rodeo cowboy from Mission Ridge , South Dakota . The basis for the series was real - life champion rodeo rider Casey Tibbs . The series featured Warren Oates and Bruce Dern in recurring supporting roles . Lord credited Gary Cooper as his on - screen role model , and the inspiration for his characterization of Stoney Burke . </P> <P> Lord was considered for Eliot Ness in The Untouchables before Robert Stack won the role . Ironically , he appeared in the Season One episode `` The Jake Lingle Killing . '' In 1965 he guest - starred as Colonel ' Pres ' Gallagher in second - season episode 5 , `` Big Brother '' of 12 O - Clock High . Other television guest appearances include Appointment with Adventure , The Americans , Bonanza , The High Chaparral , Combat ! , The Man from U.N.C.L.E. , The Reporter starring Harry Guardino , The Fugitive , The Invaders , Rawhide , Ironside , and The F.B.I. </P> <P> Lord appeared on the first episode of Have Gun , Will Travel . In 1968 , Lord appeared with Susan Strasberg in the film The Name of the Game Is Kill . </P> <P> According to William Shatner , in 1966 , Gene Roddenberry offered Lord the role of Captain James T. Kirk on Star Trek , to replace Jeffrey Hunter , whose wife was making too many demands . Lord asked for 50 percent ownership of the show , so Roddenberry offered the role to Shatner . </P> <H3> Hawaii Five - O ( edit ) </H3> Lord in 1974 . <P> Jack Lord helped conceive Hawaii Five - O and starred for its 12 seasons as Detective Stephen McGarrett , appointed by the Governor to head the ( fictional ) State Police criminal investigation department in Honolulu , Hawaii . The opening sequence includes a shot of Lord standing on a penthouse balcony of The Ilikai hotel . Chin Ho Kelly , the name of the police detective played by Kam Fong , was a tip - of - the - hat to Ilikai developer Chinn Ho . Lord 's catchphrase , `` Book ' em , Danno ! '' , became a part of pop culture . He was instrumental in the casting of native Hawaiians , instead of mainland actors . Lord insisted his character drive Ford vehicles ; McGarrett drove a 1967 Mercury Park Lane in the pilot , a 1968 Park Lane from 1968 -- 1974 , and a 1974 Mercury Marquis for the remainder of the series ( this very car was shown in the 2010 remake ) . Lord was a perfectionist . At the airing of its last episode , Hawaii Five - O was the longest - running cop show in television history . </P> <P> When series creator Leonard Freeman died in 1974 , the show 's ownership was shared among Lord , CBS and Freeman 's estate , with a contract that made Lord executive producer and gave him complete control over content . He was a hands - on partner who paid attention to minute details , and was known for battles with network executives . </P> <H2> Artist ( edit ) </H2> <P> During his years at NYU , Lord and his brother Bill opened the Village Academy of Arts . Jack 's childhood dream was to become an artist . His first professional sale was in 1941 to the Metropolitan Museum of Art for his two linoleum cuts , entitled Vermont and Fishing Shacks , Block Island . </P> <H2> Personal life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Lord 's first marriage to Anne Willard ended in divorce in 1947 . Lord met his son ( from his first marriage ) only once when the boy was an infant . The boy was later killed in an accident at age 13 . </P> <P> Jack met his second wife while house hunting in upstate New York . On January 17 , 1949 , Lord married Marie de Narde , who gave up her career in fashion design to devote her life to him . Marie designed Lord 's off - camera wardrobe , as well as her own . </P> <P> Lord was a chain - smoker who failed at traditional methods of quitting . According to Lord , it was his faith in God that broke his habit . Lord and a friend visited a Catholic church where both knelt while Lord promised God he would stop smoking . </P> <P> Lord was known for being a cultured man who loved reading poetry out loud on the set of his television show and for being reclusive at his Honolulu home . </P> <H2> Popular culture ( edit ) </H2> <P> Cinematographers sometimes refer to a 50mm lens ( `` 5 - 0 '' ) as a `` Jack Lord '' in reference to the name of the show that made him famous . </P> <P> Actress Traci Lords chose that stage name because he was the first man to make her `` hot . '' </P> <H2> Death ( edit ) </H2> <P> After his series ended in 1980 , Lord kept a low profile , rarely making public appearances . His final TV appearance was that same year in a failed pilot for a new CBS series called M Station : Hawaii which he also directed . Lord suffered from Alzheimer 's disease for seven years before his death . He died of congestive heart failure at his home in Honolulu , on January 21 , 1998 , at age 77 , leaving an estate of $40 million . He was a philanthropist and the entire estate went to Hawaiian charities upon his wife Marie 's death in 2005 . </P> <P> Lord 's death was not widely covered by the media ; accordingly , Randy Cassingham used this as the start of his Honorary Unsubscribe featurette in his online newsletter This is True . </P> <H2> Memorial ( edit ) </H2> <P> A bronze bust of Lord by Hawaii sculptor Lynn Weiler Liverton was unveiled in a ceremony at the Kahala Mall on June 19 , 2004 . The Lords lived in a condominium in the Kahala area , and they were known to frequent the neighborhood mall . The nonprofit Jack Lord Memorial Fund , which raised the money for the memorial , was co-chaired by British Hawaii Five - O fan Esperanza Isaac and Lord 's co-star Doug Mossman . </P> <H2> Filmography ( edit ) </H2> <Table> Film <Tr> <Th> Year </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Role </Th> <Th> Notes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1949 </Th> <Td> The Red Menace aka Project X </Td> <Td> John Bates </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1950 </Th> <Td> Cry Murder </Td> <Td> Tommy Warren </Td> <Td> Associate producer </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1950 </Th> <Td> The Tattooed Stranger </Td> <Td> Det . Deke Del Vecchio </Td> <Td> Uncredited </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 1955 </Th>

The original Steve McGarrett on Hawaii Five-O was played by Jack Lord, not

Who played the original steve mcgarrett on hawaii five-o?

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Return of the Mack - wikipedia <H1> Return of the Mack </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the album , see Return of the Mack ( album ) . Not to be confused with Return of the Mac . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Return of the Mack '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Standard UK / European cover art </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Mark Morrison </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Return of the Mack </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Remix '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 18 March 1996 ( 1996 - 03 - 18 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CD single </Li> <Li> CD maxi </Li> <Li> 12 '' maxi </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1995 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hip hop soul </Li> <Li> new jack swing </Li> <Li> R&B </Li> <Li> dance - pop </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 34 ( UK album version ) 3 : 33 ( UK radio edit ) 7 : 20 ( US album version ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Atlantic , WEA </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mark Morrison </Li> <Li> Phil Chill </Li> <Li> Chuckii Booker </Li> <Li> Gerald Levert </Li> <Li> C.J. Anthony </Li> <Li> Adrian Belew </Li> <Li> Chris Frantz </Li> <Li> Steven Stanley </Li> <Li> Tina Weymouth ( uncredited ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Mark Morrison </Li> <Li> Phil Chill </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Mark Morrison singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Let 's Get Down '' ( 1995 ) </Td> <Td> `` Return of the Mack '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` Crazy ( remix ) '' ( 1996 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Let 's Get Down '' ( 1995 ) </Td> <Td> `` Return of the Mack '' ( 1996 ) </Td> <Td> `` Crazy ( remix ) '' ( 1996 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Alternate cover </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> American single cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Return of the Mack '' is a song written and recorded by the German - born British R&B singer Mark Morrison . It was released in the United Kingdom in March 1996 and topped the UK Singles Chart a month later . It reached the # 1 spot on the UK Singles Chart and # 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 in early - Summer 1997 for one week behind `` MMMBop '' by Hanson , and went Platinum . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Composition </Li> <Li> 2 Formats and track listings </Li> <Li> 3 Charts and certifications <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 3.2 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 3.3 Decade - end charts </Li> <Li> 3.4 Certifications </Li> <Li> 3.5 Chart successions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release history </Li> <Li> 5 Legacy </Li> <Li> 6 Mann version <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Music video </Li> <Li> 6.2 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 6.3 Track listing </Li> <Li> 6.4 Charts </Li> <Li> 6.5 Release history </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Nevada version <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 7.2 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 7.3 Certifications </Li> <Li> 7.4 Release history </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Sampling </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Composition ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song 's beat is sampled from the song `` Genius of Love '' by American band Tom Tom Club . `` Games '' by Chuckii Booker was also sampled . </P> <H2> Formats and track listings ( edit ) </H2> <Dl> <Dt> CD single -- US </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( C&J X-Tended Street Mix / US Album Version ) -- 7 : 20 </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dt> CD single -- Europe </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( C&J Radio Edit ) -- 3 : 32 </Li> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( Joe T. Vannelli Light Radio Edit ) -- 3 : 57 </Li> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( C&J Street Mix / UK Album Version ) -- 4 : 34 </Li> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( Terence Dackombe Mind Tricks Mix ) -- 3 : 46 </Li> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( D - Influence Mix ) -- 4 : 29 </Li> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( Full Crew Mix ) -- 3 : 56 </Li> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( Sir Gant Mix ) -- 4 : 58 </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dt> 12 '' maxi -- US </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( X-tended C&J Street Mix / US Album Version ) -- 7 : 20 </Li> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( Da Beatminerz Mix ) -- 4 : 39 </Li> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( Acappella Mix ) -- 2 : 56 </Li> <Li> `` Trippin ' '' ( C&J Street Mix ) -- 4 : 23 </Li> <Li> `` Trippin ' '' ( Salaam Remi Mix ) -- 4 : 23 </Li> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( Instrumental ) -- 5 : 53 </Li> </Ol> <Dl> <Dt> 12 '' maxi -- Europe </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( C&J Street Mix / UK Album Version ) -- 4 : 34 </Li> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( D - Influence Mix ) -- 4 : 29 </Li> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( Joe T. Vannelli Light Mix ) -- 7 : 30 </Li> <Li> `` Return of the Mack '' ( Joe T. Vannelli X-tended Corvette Mix ) -- 6 : 44 </Li> </Ol> <H2> Charts and certifications ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <H3> Weekly charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1996 -- 98 ) </Th> <Th> Peak position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australia ( ARIA ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders ) </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Wallonia ) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Dance ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Canada Top Singles ( RPM ) </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Denmark ( Tracklisten ) </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> France ( SNEP ) </Td> <Td> 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Germany ( Official German Charts ) </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ireland ( IRMA ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Italy ( FIMI ) </Td> <Td> 25 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand ( Recorded Music NZ ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Norway ( VG - lista ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Scotland ( Official Charts Company ) </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) </Td> <Td> 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles ( Official Charts Company ) </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot R&B / Hip Hop Songs </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Rhythmic Top 40 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Top 40 Mainstream </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> <Td> <H3> Year - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1996 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Australian Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgian ( Flanders ) Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 82 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Belgian ( Wallonia ) Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 59 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Dutch Top 40 </Td> <Td> 21 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> French Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 36 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> New Zealand Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 17 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Swiss Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 34 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> UK Singles Chart </Td> <Td> 5 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1997 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Decade - end charts ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chart ( 1990 -- 1999 ) </Th> <Th> Position </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> US Billboard Hot 100 </Td> <Td> 100 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Certifications ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Region </Th> <Th> Certification </Th> <Th> Certified units / Sales </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Australia ( ARIA ) </Th> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 70,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> France ( SNEP ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 250,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Germany ( BVMI ) </Th> <Td> Gold </Td> <Td> 250,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> New Zealand ( RMNZ ) </Th> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United Kingdom ( BPI ) </Th> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 921,665 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> United States ( RIAA ) </Th> <Td> Platinum </Td> <Td> 1,400,000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <P> sales figures based on certification alone shipments figures based on certification alone </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Chart successions ( edit ) </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Firestarter '' by The Prodigy </Td> <Td> UK Singles Chart number - one single 14 April 1996 -- 21 April 1996 ( 2 weeks ) </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Fastlove '' by George Michael </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Preceded by `` Wannabe '' by Spice Girls </Td> <Td> Canadian RPM Dance chart number - one single 3 March 1997 -- 24 March 1997 ( 4 weeks ) </Td> <Td> Succeeded by `` Discothèque '' by U2 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Release history ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Th> Date </Th> <Th> Format </Th> <Th> Label </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United Kingdom </Td> <Td> 18 March 1996 ( 1996 - 03 - 18 ) </Td> <Td> Atlantic , WEA </Td> <Td> CD single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> United States </Td> <Td> 16 February 1997 ( 1997 - 02 - 16 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Legacy ( edit ) </H2> <P> The song appears in the episode `` Fantasy Island '' of the HBO show Entourage . </P> <P> The song appears on the episode `` The Gang Group Dates '' of the hit show It 's Always Sunny In Philadelphia . </P> <P> The song is referenced in UK grime artist Skepta 's track , `` That 's Not Me '' where he declares : `` It 's the Return of the Mack / I 'm still alive just like 2Pac '' . </P> <P> The song appears in the Season 5 episode of New Girl , `` A Chill Day In . '' </P> <P> The song is covered by both American rapper Mann , Swedish DJ Nevada , and Lady Bee . </P> <P> A clip of the song appears in the third episode of Master of None , where Dev is dancing with Rachel during an after party . </P> <P> In May 2017 , David Miami created a music video for international fast - food chain Burger King 's food product Mac n ' Cheetos featuring The Burger King and Chester Cheetah dancing to a version of `` Return of the Mack '' called `` Return of the Mac n ' Cheetos '' . </P> <H2> Mann version ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` The Mack '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Mann featuring Iyaz and Snoop Dogg </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the

The song "Return of the Mack" was released in

What year did return of the mack come out?

-7064677612340044331

If I Were a Boy - wikipedia <H1> If I Were a Boy </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the novel by Haki Stërmilli , see If I Were a Boy ( novel ) . <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` If I Were a Boy '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Beyoncé </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album I Am ... Sasha Fierce </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> A-side </Th> <Td> `` Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> October 8 , 2008 ( 2008 - 10 - 08 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> CD </Li> <Li> digital download </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 2008 ; Roc the Mic Studios , Strawberrybee Productions , GAD Studios </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Pop </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 4 : 09 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Columbia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> BC Jean </Li> <Li> Toby Gad </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Toby Gad </Li> <Li> Beyoncé Knowles </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Beyoncé singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Love in This Club Part II '' ( 2008 ) </Td> <Td> `` If I Were a Boy '' ( 2008 ) </Td> <Td> `` Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) '' ( 2008 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Love in This Club Part II '' ( 2008 ) </Td> <Td> `` If I Were a Boy '' ( 2008 ) </Td> <Td> `` Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) '' ( 2008 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` If I Were a Boy '' is a song performed by American singer and songwriter Beyoncé from her third studio album I Am ... Sasha Fierce ( 2008 ) . It was written by BC Jean and Toby Gad , who also handled its production alongside Beyoncé . Inspired by the difficult break - up of a romantic relationship , the song was initially recorded by Jean , whose record company rejected it . Beyoncé then recorded her own version . Jean was upset when she learned that Beyoncé was releasing it as a single , but eventually , they reached an agreement . Columbia Records released `` If I Were a Boy '' to US radio on October 8 , 2008 , as a double A-side single album 's alongside `` Single Ladies ( Put a Ring on It ) '' as the lead singles . The two songs showcased the contrast between Beyoncé 's personality and her aggressive onstage persona , Sasha Fierce . A Spanish version of the song , titled `` Si Yo Fuera un Chico '' , was digitally released in Mexico and Spain . </P> <P> `` If I Were a Boy '' is a pop and R&B introspective ballad which draws influences from folk rock through its instrumentation of which includes acoustic guitars , drums and strings . The song 's lyrics lament the misunderstandings between the genders and indict the male side of relationships . `` If I Were a Boy '' was well received by critics , who complimented Beyoncé 's tormented and emotive vocal performance and called the song her best work to date . The single was a commercial success as it placed in the top ten on twenty - five different singles charts . It topped the charts in more than eight European countries , including the United Kingdom , where it is Beyoncé 's best - selling single . `` If I Were a Boy '' peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and earned multi-platinum certifications in Australia , Canada , and the US . </P> <P> The accompanying music video for `` If I Were a Boy '' was directed by Jake Nava and shot in black - and - white . With a theme of role reversal , it is conceptually similar to the American comedy film Freaky Friday ( 1976 ) . A video for the Spanish version of the ballad was edited from the original clip . Beyoncé promoted `` If I Were a Boy '' through live performances at venues including The Oprah Winfrey Show , the 52nd Grammy Awards , and the I Am ... World Tour ( 2009 -- 10 ) . The song has been covered several times on televised music competitions . American singer Reba McEntire sang a country version of the ballad on Country Music Television ( CMT ) , and a studio version was released as the second single from her 2010 album , All the Women I Am . </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Writing and production <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Jean 's response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Composition and lyrical interpretation </Li> <Li> 3 Release </Li> <Li> 4 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 5 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 6 Music video <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Background and concept </Li> <Li> 6.2 Synopsis </Li> <Li> 6.3 Reception and accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Live performances <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Fake tape </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 Formats and track listings </Li> <Li> 9 Credits and personnel </Li> <Li> 10 Charts <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Weekly charts </Li> <Li> 10.2 Year - end charts </Li> <Li> 10.3 Decade - end charts </Li> <Li> 10.4 All - time charts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Certifications </Li> <Li> 12 Release history <Ul> <Li> 12.1 Radio adds </Li> <Li> 12.2 Purchasable release </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 13 Cover versions <Ul> <Li> 13.1 The X Factor performances </Li> <Li> 13.2 Reba McEntire version </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 14 See also </Li> <Li> 15 References </Li> <Li> 16 External links </Li> </Ul> <H2> Writing and production ( edit ) </H2> <P> `` If I Were a Boy '' was written by BC Jean and Toby Gad . It is the opening ballad of the I Am ... disc of the double album I Am ... Sasha Fierce . It is the only song on either disc that Beyoncé did not co-write . Most of the lyrics were written by Jean , who was inspired by the break - up of a romantic relationship . One day Jean and Gad visited a pizzeria in Times Square in New York City . Although tempted , Jean refrained from eating pizza because she was dieting . She then thought that if she were a boy , she would have eaten without regret . After reflecting on the idea , she concluded that she would have been a better man than her past lover . Gad captured Jean 's ideas on a pocket recorder , and they went to the studio the same day . Once there , she wrote the lyrics and melody in about 15 minutes . She then recorded the song in less than half an hour , with Gad on the guitar . </P> <P> After completing her version of `` If I Were a Boy '' , Jean presented it to her record company , which rejected the song . Gad and Jean had co-written 12 songs , including `` If I Were a Boy '' , for the singer 's debut album . As the deal with Jean 's record company fell apart , Gad marketed the songs to established artists . Beyoncé liked `` If I Were a Boy '' and recorded her own version of it for her album I Am ... Sasha Fierce . Gad and Beyoncé produced the track in 2008 at Roc the Mic Studios and Strawberry Productions in New York City and at GAD Studios in Ibiza . Gad did the musical arrangements , assisted in recording the music , and played the instruments alongside his brother Jens Gad and Reggie Syience Perry . Jim Caruana recorded Beyoncé 's vocals at Roc the Mic Studios . Mark `` Spike '' Stent mixed the track with assistance from Matt Green at The Record Plant in Los Angeles . `` If I Were a Boy '' was placed on the I Am ... disc of I Am ... Sasha Fierce , as it is a ballad that shows Beyoncé 's insecurities about love and the person she is `` underneath all the makeup , underneath the lights and underneath all the exciting star drama '' . </P> <P> In an interview with Essence magazine , Beyoncé explained that `` If I Were a Boy '' is `` broad '' and different from her previous releases because it is not a traditional R&B song . She added , `` I had to try it , because I remember Aretha Franklin said a great singer can sing anything and make it her own . '' Beyoncé was also motivated by her audience 's strong expectations from her as a singer . While preparing her third solo album , Beyoncé wanted to experiment with stronger lyrics and record ballads like `` If I Were a Boy '' because , `` the music and the emotion in the story is told ( sic ) so much better . It 's a better connection because you can hear it and it 's not all these other distractions . I really wanted people to hear my voice and hear what I had to say . '' </P> <H3> Jean 's response ( edit ) </H3> <P> After Jean 's version of `` If I Were a Boy '' was rejected by her record company , she was upset that Beyoncé recorded and released the ballad . Roger Friedman of Fox News wrote that Jean was first informed that Beyoncé recorded the song by a stranger . The Daily Telegraph reported that Beyoncé 's father and then - manager Mathew Knowles pursued the publishing rights of `` If I Were a Boy '' after realizing that it had the potential to become a big hit . Jean used her Myspace account to express her frustration : `` I have been reading some of these comments and to set the record straight from the horse 's mouth -- IF I WERE A BOY is my song ; YES , I wrote this song ; It is my story ; a painful one , and the song is very dear to me . You can hear the original version on my myspace site . '' Friedman later reported that Beyoncé and Jean had come to terms . The deal included a promise that Beyoncé would record a duet with Jean for her debut album . </P> <P> In an interview with Eric R. Danton of the Hartford Courant , Jean was asked about her reaction when she heard that Beyoncé was recording `` If I Were a Boy '' . She was initially surprised when people regarded her as a songwriter because she envisioned herself as `` do ( ing ) the whole artist thing as well '' . Jean added , `` It 's an amazing compliment , but I was like , ' That 's great , but it 's going to be on my album ! ' And it can be on my album , too , I just did n't realize how it worked ... At first when I got this , people did n't know that I was an artist , so it was , like , ' Oh , this songwriter BC . ' '' `` If I Were a Boy '' was the first song she ever recorded , and she initially did not intend to hand it to another singer . Jean said that the fact that Beyoncé recorded the ballad provided many opportunities , and she was approached by many people who wanted to purchase her lyrics . She refused their offers , desiring to use her songs for her own album . However , Jean still intends to write for other artists . </P> <H2> Composition and lyrical

The song "If I Were a Boy" was written by

Who wrote the song if i were a boy?

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Mike O'Callaghan -- Pat Tillman Memorial bridge - wikipedia <H1> Mike O'Callaghan -- Pat Tillman Memorial bridge </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Mike O'Callaghan -- Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The bridge in front of the Hoover Dam </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 36 ° 0 ′ 45 '' N 114 ° 44 ′ 29 '' W  /  36.01250 ° N 114.74139 ° W  / 36.01250 ; - 114.74139  ( Hoover Dam Bypass ) Coordinates : 36 ° 0 ′ 45 '' N 114 ° 44 ′ 29 '' W  /  36.01250 ° N 114.74139 ° W  / 36.01250 ; - 114.74139  ( Hoover Dam Bypass ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Carries </Th> <Td> US 93 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Crosses </Th> <Td> Colorado River </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Locale </Th> <Td> Lake Mead National Recreation Area , Clark County , Nevada -- Mohave County , Arizona </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Official name </Th> <Td> Mike O'Callaghan -- Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Other name ( s ) </Th> <Td> Hoover Dam Bypass Bridge </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Maintained by </Th> <Td> Arizona Department of Transportation ( ADOT ) Nevada Department of Transportation ( NDOT ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Characteristics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Design </Th> <Td> concrete - steel composite arch bridge </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total length </Th> <Td> 1,900 feet ( 579 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Longest span </Th> <Td> 1,060 ft ( 323 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Clearance below </Th> <Td> 900 ft ( 270 m ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> History </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Designer </Th> <Td> Bridge Designer T.Y. Lin International Design Manager HDR , Inc . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Construction start </Th> <Td> February 14 , 2005 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Construction end </Th> <Td> October 14 , 2010 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Construction cost </Th> <Td> $240 million </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Opened </Th> <Td> October 16 , 2010 ( to pedestrians ) ; October 19 , 2010 ( regular traffic ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Statistics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Daily traffic </Th> <Td> 15,000 </Td> </Tr> </Table> New bridge and bypass highway at Hoover Dam . <P> The Mike O'Callaghan -- Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge is an arch bridge in the United States that spans the Colorado River between the states of Arizona and Nevada . The bridge is located within the Lake Mead National Recreation Area approximately 30 miles ( 48 km ) southeast of Las Vegas , and carries U.S. Route 93 over the Colorado River . Opened in 2010 , it was the key component of the Hoover Dam Bypass project , which rerouted US 93 from its previous routing along the top of Hoover Dam and removed several hairpin turns and blind curves from the route . It is jointly named for Mike O'Callaghan , Governor of Nevada from 1971 -- 1979 , and Pat Tillman , an American football player who left his career with the Arizona Cardinals to enlist in the United States Army and was later killed in Afghanistan by friendly fire . </P> <P> As early as the 1960s , officials identified the US 93 route over Hoover Dam to be dangerous and inadequate for projected traffic volumes . From 1998 -- 2001 , officials from Arizona , Nevada , and several federal government agencies collaborated to determine the best routing for an alternative river crossing . In March 2001 , the Federal Highway Administration selected the route , which crosses the Colorado River approximately 1,500 feet ( 460 m ) downstream of Hoover Dam . Construction of the bridge approaches began in 2003 , and construction of the bridge itself began in February 2005 . The bridge was completed in 2010 and the entire bypass route opened to vehicle traffic on October 19 , 2010 . The Hoover Dam Bypass project was completed within budget at a cost of $240 million ; the bridge portion cost $114 million . </P> <P> The bridge was the first concrete - steel composite arch bridge built in the United States , and incorporates the widest concrete arch in the Western Hemisphere . At 900 feet ( 270 m ) above the Colorado River , it is the second highest bridge in the United States after the Royal Gorge Bridge , and is the world 's highest concrete arch bridge . </P> <P> The bridge is slated to be part of Interstate 11 once the highway is completed in this area , replacing US 93 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Design </Li> <Li> 3 Construction </Li> <Li> 4 Naming </Li> <Li> 5 Incidents <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Construction crane collapse </Li> <Li> 5.2 Fatalities </Li> <Li> 5.3 Suicides </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 Notes </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Citations </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> In 1935 , the American Association of State Highway Officials ( AASHO , later AASHTO ) authorized a southward extension of U.S. Route 93 from its previous southern terminus in Glendale , Nevada to Kingman , Arizona by way of Las Vegas and Boulder City , crossing the Colorado River on the newly constructed Hoover Dam ( also known then as Boulder Dam ) . Clark County was sparsely populated at the time , with a population of less than 9,000 at the 1930 U.S. Census ( compared to an estimated 2 million in 2013 ) . Development in and around Las Vegas in the latter half of the 20th century made Las Vegas and its surrounding area a tourist attraction , and US 93 became an important transportation corridor for passenger and commercial traffic between Las Vegas and Phoenix . In 1995 , the portion of US 93 over Hoover Dam was included as part of the CANAMEX Corridor , a high - priority transportation corridor established under the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) . This bridge is a key component of the proposed Interstate 11 project . </P> <P> Through traffic on US 93 combined with pedestrian and tourist traffic at Hoover Dam itself led to major traffic congestion on the dam and on the approaches to the dam . The approaches featured hairpin turns on both the Nevada and Arizona sides of the dam , and the terrain caused limited sight distances around curves . In addition to traffic safety considerations , officials were also concerned about the safety and security of Hoover Dam , specifically the impact a vehicle accident could have on the dam 's operation and the waters of Lake Mead . Officials first discussed the need for a new Colorado River crossing that would bypass the dam in the 1960s . The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation , which operates the dam , began work on the `` Colorado River Bridge Project '' in 1989 , but the project was put on hold in 1995 . In 1997 the Federal Highway Administration took over the project and released a draft environmental impact statement in 1998 . From 1998 -- 2001 state officials from Arizona and Nevada as well as several federal government agencies studied the feasibility of several alternative routes and river crossings , as well as the feasibility of modifying the roadway over the dam , restricting traffic over the dam , or doing nothing . </P> <P> In March 2001 the Federal Highway Administration issued a Record of Decision indicating its selection of the `` Sugarloaf Mountain Alternative '' routing . The project called for approximately 2.2 miles ( 3.5 km ) of highway in Nevada , 1.1 miles ( 1.8 km ) of highway in Arizona , and a 1,900 - foot ( 580 m ) bridge that would cross the river 1,500 feet ( 460 m ) downstream ( south ) of Hoover Dam . Design work began in July 2001 . </P> <P> Security measures implemented following the September 11 attacks prohibited commercial truck traffic from driving across Hoover Dam . Prior to the completion of the bridge , through commercial vehicles were required to follow a 104 - mile ( 167 km ) detour route between Boulder City and Kingman via US 95 , Nevada State Route 163 , the Colorado River crossing between Laughlin , Nevada and Bullhead City , Arizona , and Arizona State Route 68 ; the detour added 23 - mile ( 37 km ) to the normal journey on US 93 . </P> <H2> Design ( edit ) </H2> The completed bridge viewed from Nevada in December 2010 <P> Project design was by the Hoover Support team , led by HDR , Inc. and including T.Y. Lin International , Sverdrup Civil , Inc. , and other specialist contributors . </P> <P> The bridge has a length of 1,900 feet ( 579 m ) and a 1,060 ft ( 320 m ) span . The roadway is 900 ft ( 270 m ) above the Colorado River and four lanes wide . This is the first concrete - and - steel composite arch bridge built in the United States . It includes the widest concrete arch in the Western Hemisphere and is also the second highest bridge in the nation , with the arch 840 ft ( 260 m ) above the river . The twin arch ribs are connected by steel struts . </P> <P> The composite design , using concrete for the arch and columns with steel construction for the roadway deck , was selected for schedule and cost control while being aesthetically compatible with the Hoover Dam . Sean Holstege in The Arizona Republic has called the bridge `` an American triumph '' . USA Today called it `` America 's Newest Wonder '' on October 18 , 2010 . </P> <P> Pedestrian access is provided over the bridge to tourists who wish to take in a different view of the nearby dam and river below , but the dam is not visible for those driving across it . A parking area is provided near the bridge on the Nevada side at what was a staging area during construction . A set of stairs and disabled access ramps lead to the sidewalk across the bridge . </P> <H2> Construction ( edit ) </H2> The bridge under construction , January 2009 <P> Work began in 2003 on the approaches in both states and the construction contract for the arch bridge was awarded in October 2004 . The largest obstacle to the project was the river crossing . The bridge and the bypass were constructed by a consortium of different government agencies and contractors , among them the Federal Highway Administration , the Arizona Department of Transportation , and Nevada Department of Transportation , with RE Monks Construction and Vastco , Inc , constructing the Arizona Approach , Edward Kraemer & Sons , Inc , the Nevada Approach and Las Vegas Paving Corporation undertaking the roadway surfacing on both approaches . The bridge itself was built by Obayashi Corporation and PSM Construction USA , Inc. , while Frehner Construction Company , Inc. was responsible for completing the final roadway installations . A permit problem between Clark County and the subcontractor Casino Ready Mix arose in May 2006 over the operation of a concrete - batch plant for the project , and this caused a four - month delay . </P> Construction of the arches , showing the diagonal cable stays and the high - line crane . June 2009 <P> Construction required hoisting workers and up to 50 short tons ( 45 t ) of materials 890 feet ( 270 m ) above the Colorado River using 2,300 ft ( 700 m ) - long steel cables held aloft by a `` high - line '' crane system . High winds caused a cableway failure in September 2006 , resulting in a further two - year delay . The approach spans , consisting of seven pairs of concrete columns -- five

The Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge, which spans the Colorado River and bypasses the Hoover Dam, was completed in

When was the bridge over the hoover dam built?

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by R.J. Palacio . The film stars Julia Roberts , Owen Wilson , and Jacob Tremblay . The film follows a child with Treacher Collins syndrome trying to fit in . Wonder was released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 , by Lionsgate . The film received positive reviews from critics and audiences and grossed $300 million worldwide on a $20 million budget , turning a profit of $55 million . At the 90th Academy Awards , the film was nominated for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Cast </Li> <Li> 2.2 Other cast </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Production </Li> <Li> 4 Music </Li> <Li> 5 Release <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> <Li> 5.3 Accolades </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> August `` Auggie '' Pullman is a young boy raised in North River Heights in upper Manhattan , New York . He has a rare medical facial deformity , which he refers to as `` mandibulofacial dysostosis . '' Due to numerous surgeries ( 27 ) , Auggie had been home - schooled by his parents Isabel and Nate , but as Auggie is approaching middle school age , Isabel and Nate decide to send him to Beecher Prep , a mainstream private school . Fifth grade is tough for Auggie who is ostracized by nearly all the student body . He is bullied by being called a freak and rumors were spread that kids will get the `` plague '' if they touch him . He does befriend a boy named Jack Will . </P> <P> Halloween is Auggie 's favorite holiday . He has to wear an old `` Ghostface '' mask and costume because his dog , Daisy , threw up on his `` Boba Fett '' costume . He walks around school unrecognized and is not tormented while incognito . As he walks through the door to his homeroom , he overhears his friend Jack telling Julian Albans that he was `` only pretending to be friends with Auggie . '' Feeling betrayed , Auggie leaves school and wants to stay home during trick - or - treating . His older sister Olivia , nicknamed `` Via , '' tells him she is still his friend and talks him out of it . Auggie later confides the incident to a new friend , named Summer , but swears her to secrecy . When Jack notices that Auggie has become quiet and distant he asks Summer why , but she only gives him the clue `` Ghost Face '' . Jack is shocked when it dawns on him that it was Auggie wearing the Ghost Face costume , and thus had overheard everything he said to Julian . When Julian calls Auggie a `` freak , '' Jack angrily punches him in the face and a fight ensues between the two , which is soon broken up by their homeroom teacher Mr. Browne . Jack is suspended for two days for his actions . He apologizes to Auggie and the two friends reconcile . They even team up for a winning science project . </P> <P> During the middle of the school year , Auggie is constantly bullied by Julian and his friends Amos , Miles , and Henry . They leave hurtful and threatening notes on his desk and tape their class picture on his locker with Auggie photoshopped out . Mr. Tushman confronts Julian and his parents . Julian 's mother assures the principal that her boy is no bully . She even proclaims that she had Auggie edited out of the picture because she did n't want people to only care about Auggie and his family more than Julian . She also threatens to pull their funding from the school . Tushman shows all of his evidence and suspends Julian for two days , along with making him stay home from the annual nature retreat . As he and his parents leave , a remorseful Julian apologizes to Tushman for his behavior which the principal proudly accepts . </P> <P> Via has her own teen problems as well as feeling left out with all of the parental attention given to her sick brother . Her best friend , Miranda , has been ignoring her all year but she meets a new boy Justin who encourages her to join Drama Club . Via and Justin develop a close friendship which later turns into a romantic relationship and her first kiss . Via is selected to be an understudy for the lead role in the school 's production of `` Our Town , '' but Miranda gets the lead role . Miranda realizes the pain and harm she 's done to Via , and on opening night pretends to fall ill . Via takes her place and gives a performance that earns her a standing ovation . </P> <P> During the nature retreat , Auggie and Jack are harassed by a group of seventh graders from another school and Amos , Miles , and Henry come to their defense . After their return to school , Auggie is generally more accepted by his classmates , including the reformed Julian . At the school 's year end graduation ceremony , Tushman announces that Auggie has been selected for the Henry Ward Beecher Medal for being a strong standing out student . Auggie receives a standing ovation . His mother Isabel calls Auggie her `` wonder '' . The movie ends with a shot of a floating astronaut : Auggie 's goal in life . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Cast ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Julia Roberts as Isabel Pullman , Via and Auggie 's mother . </Li> <Li> Owen Wilson as Nate Pullman , Via and Auggie 's father , Isabel 's husband </Li> <Li> Jacob Tremblay as August `` Auggie '' Pullman , Via 's brother and Isabel and Nate 's son </Li> <Li> Izabela Vidovic as Olivia `` Via '' Pullman , Auggie 's sister <Ul> <Li> Maccie Margaret Chbosky as Young Olivia </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Noah Jupe as Jack Will , Auggie 's best friend </Li> <Li> Bryce Gheisar as Julian Albans </Li> <Li> Elle McKinnon as Charlotte Cody </Li> <Li> Millie Davis as Summer Dawson </Li> <Li> Ty Consiglio as Amos Continu </Li> <Li> Kyle Harrison Breitkopf as Miles Noury </Li> <Li> James A. Hughes as Henry Joplin </Li> <Li> Sônia Braga as Lisa `` Grans '' Minel , Isabel 's mother and Via and Auggie 's grandmother </Li> <Li> Mandy Patinkin as Mr. Tushman </Li> <Li> Daveed Diggs as Mr. Browne </Li> <Li> Ali Liebert as Ms. Petosa </Li> <Li> Danielle Rose Russell as Miranda Navas , Via 's best friend </Li> <Li> Nadji Jeter as Justin Hollander , Via 's boyfriend </Li> <Li> Gidget as Darth - Daisy `` Daisy '' , Auggie and Via 's dog </Li> </Ul> <H3> Other cast ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> Nicole Oliver as Mrs. Will , Jack 's mother </Li> <Li> Rachel Hayward as Mrs. Navas , Miranda 's mother </Li> <Li> Crystal Lowe as Mrs. Sarah Albans , Julian 's mother </Li> <Li> Steve Bacic as Mr. Albans , Julian 's father </Li> <Li> Erika McKitrick as Ella </Li> <Li> Lucia Thain as Savanna Wittenberg </Li> <Li> Sasha Neuhaus as Maya Markowitz </Li> <Li> Izzy Lieberman as Reid Kingsley </Li> <Li> Hannah Hoberman as Rebecca </Li> <Li> William Dickinson as Eddie </Li> <Li> Emma Tremblay as Michelle </Li> <Li> Lydia Jewett as Lina Annan </Li> <Li> Armen Bagdasrov as Danny </Li> <Li> Kaelyn Breitkopf as Angela </Li> <Li> Victoria V. Cruz as the Science Fair judge </Li> <Li> Benjamin Ratner as Mr. Davenport </Li> <Li> J. Douglas Stewart as Darth Sidious </Li> <Li> Michael Alan Healy as Chewbacca </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> On November 27 , 2012 , it was announced that Lionsgate was developing the feature film adaptation of R.J. Palacio 's debut novel Wonder , while in talks with John August to write the screenplay . Mandeville Films ' David Hoberman and Todd Lieberman would be producing the film . On May 8 , 2013 , Jack Thorne was hired to adapt the novel , while August , who was previously reported as writer , had departed from the project . In October 2014 , John Krokidas was reported to be directing the film , but in April 2015 , Paul King was hired to take the directing duties . Steven Conrad was writing the script at that time . </P> <P> On April 14 , 2016 , Jacob Tremblay was cast in to play the lead role as Auggie Pullman , while Julia Roberts was in talks to play Auggie 's mother . On May 5 , 2016 , Roberts was confirmed to play the mother , with Stephen Chbosky signed on to direct . On June 27 , 2016 , Owen Wilson had joined to play Auggie 's father . On July 11 , 2016 , newcomer Noah Jupe joined the cast as Auggie 's best friend at school . On July 15 , 2016 , Daveed Diggs was cast as Mr. Browne , an English teacher at the school . On August 19 , 2016 , Sônia Braga joined the cast , portraying the role of Roberts 's mother . </P> <P> Jacob 's prosthetic makeup , designed and created by Arjen Tuiten , took an hour and half to apply . It consisted of a skull cap with prosthetic ears attached , a facial prosthetic that covered Jacob 's face , and a wig to tie it all together . </P> <P> Marcelo Zarvos composed the film 's score . </P> <H2> Music ( edit ) </H2> <P> Bea Miller composed a song entitled `` Brand New Eyes . '' It was released on August 3 , 2017 . </P> <P> Wonder author R.J. Palacio has often credited Natalie Merchant 's song `` Wonder '' from her 1995 album Tigerlily as the inspiration for her best - selling book and at Merchant 's invitation , the song will be featured in the soundtrack . </P> <H2> Release ( edit ) </H2> <P> Wonder was scheduled to be released in the United States on April 7 , 2017 by Lionsgate . On February 13 , 2017 , it was announced that the release date for Wonder had been pushed back to November 17 , 2017 . Wonder had its world premiere at the Regency Village Theater in Los Angeles on November 14 , 2017 . </P> <H3> Box office ( edit ) </H3> <P> Wonder grossed $132.4 million in the United States and Canada , and $167.4 million in other territories , for a worldwide total of $300.1 million , against a production budget of $20 million . Deadline Hollywood calculated the film made a net profit of $55.3 million , when factoring together all expenses and revenues . </P> <P> In the United States and Canada , Wonder was released alongside Justice League and The Star and was initially projected to gross around $9 million from 3,096 theaters in its opening weekend . However after grossing $740,000 from Thursday night previews and receiving a large number of group ticket sales , weekend projections were upped to $15 million . Weekend projections were again increased , this time to $28 million , after the film made $9.4 million on its first day . The film went on to debut to $27.1 million , finishing second at the box office behind Justice League . In its second weekend the film dropped just 17.7 % , grossing $22.7 million and finishing third at the box office . </P> <H3> Critical response ( edit ) </H3> <P> On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 85 % based on 156 reviews and an average rating of 7 / 10 . The

In the movie "Wonder", the role of Auggie is played by

Who plays auggie in the movie the wonder?

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Nintendo - wikipedia <H1> Nintendo </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the Nintendo corporation . For the third - generation video game console from the company , see Nintendo Entertainment System . <Table> Nintendo Co. , Ltd . <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Nintendo 's current logo , in use since 2016 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Headquarters in Kyoto </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Native name </Th> <Td> 任天堂 株式 会社 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Romanized name </Th> <Td> Nintendō kabushikigaisha </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formerly called </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nintendo Karuta Co. , Ltd . </Li> <Li> The Nintendo Playing Card Co . </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Type </Th> <Td> Public </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Traded as </Th> <Td> TYO : 7974 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Industry </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Video game industry </Li> <Li> Consumer electronics </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> 23 September 1889 ; 128 years ago ( 1889 - 09 - 23 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founder </Th> <Td> Fusajiro Yamauchi </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headquarters </Th> <Td> Kyoto , Japan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area served </Th> <Td> Worldwide </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Key people </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Tatsumi Kimishima </Li> <Li> ( President ) </Li> <Li> Shigeru Miyamoto </Li> <Li> ( Fellow ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Products </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> List of Nintendo consoles </Li> <Li> Lists of Nintendo games </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production output </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Hardware : 21.45 million </Li> <Li> Software : 99.15 million </Li> </Ul> ( 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Services </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Nintendo Network </Li> <Li> Nintendo eShop </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Revenue </Th> <Td> ¥ 1.056 trillion ( 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Operating income </Th> <Td> ¥ 177.557 billion ( 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Net income </Th> <Td> ¥ 139.590 billion ( 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total assets </Th> <Td> ¥ 1.634 trillion ( 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total equity </Th> <Td> ¥ 1.324 trillion ( 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Number of employees </Th> <Td> 5,501 ( 2018 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Divisions </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Entertainment Planning & Development </Li> <Li> European Research & Development </Li> <Li> Network Service Database </Li> <Li> Platform Technology Development </Li> <Li> Software Technology </Li> <Li> Technology Development </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subsidiaries </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> 1 - UP Studio </Li> <Li> Monolith Soft </Li> <Li> Nd Cube </Li> <Li> Retro Studios </Li> <Li> iQue </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> nintendo.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Nintendo Co. , Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto . Nintendo is one of the world 's largest video game companies by market capitalization , creating some of the best - known and top - selling video game franchises , such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , and Pokémon . Founded on 23 September 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi , it originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards . By 1963 , the company had tried several small niche businesses , such as cab services and love hotels . Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s , Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s , ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan 's third most - valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion . From 1992 until 2016 , Nintendo was also the majority shareholder for the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 1889 -- 1956 : As a card company </Li> <Li> 1.2 1956 -- 1974 : New ventures </Li> <Li> 1.3 1974 -- 1978 : Early electronic era </Li> <Li> 1.4 1979 -- 2003 : Success with video games </Li> <Li> 1.5 2004 -- 2011 : Nintendo DS and Wii </Li> <Li> 1.6 2011 -- 2015 : Nintendo 3DS and Wii U </Li> <Li> 1.7 2015 -- present : Mobile and Nintendo Switch </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Products <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Home consoles <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Color TV - Game </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 Nintendo Entertainment System </Li> <Li> 2.1. 3 Super Nintendo Entertainment System </Li> <Li> 2.1. 4 Nintendo 64 </Li> <Li> 2.1. 5 GameCube </Li> <Li> 2.1. 6 Wii </Li> <Li> 2.1. 7 Wii U </Li> <Li> 2.1. 8 Nintendo Switch </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 Handheld consoles <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 Game & Watch </Li> <Li> 2.2. 2 Game Boy </Li> <Li> 2.2. 3 Nintendo DS </Li> <Li> 2.2. 4 Nintendo 3DS </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Company structure <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Marketing </Li> <Li> 3.2 Board of directors <Ul> <Li> 3.2. 1 Representative Directors </Li> <Li> 3.2. 2 Directors </Li> <Li> 3.2. 3 Outside Directors </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.3 Executive officers <Ul> <Li> 3.3. 1 Senior Executive Officers </Li> <Li> 3.3. 2 Executive Officers </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.4 Divisions <Ul> <Li> 3.4. 1 Entertainment Planning & Development ( EPD ) </Li> <Li> 3.4. 2 Platform Technology Development ( PTD ) </Li> <Li> 3.4. 3 Business Development ( NBD ) </Li> <Li> 3.4. 4 International divisions <Ul> <Li> 3.4. 4.1 Nintendo Co. , Ltd . </Li> <Li> 3.4. 4.2 Nintendo of America </Li> <Li> 3.4. 4.3 Nintendo of Europe </Li> <Li> 3.4. 4.4 Nintendo Australia </Li> <Li> 3.4. 4.5 iQue </Li> <Li> 3.4. 4.6 Nintendo of Korea </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3.5 Subsidiaries </Li> <Li> 3.6 Logos </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Policy <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Content guidelines </Li> <Li> 4.2 License guidelines </Li> <Li> 4.3 Emulation </Li> <Li> 4.4 Seal of Quality <Ul> <Li> 4.4. 1 NTSC regions </Li> <Li> 4.4. 2 PAL regions </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4.5 Charitable projects </Li> <Li> 4.6 Environmental record </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Trademark </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 Notes </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 Bibliography </Li> <Li> 10 Further reading </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History </H2> Main article : History of Nintendo <H3> 1889 -- 1956 : as a card company </H3> Nintendo 's original headquarters in the Kyoto Prefecture in 1889 <P> Nintendo was founded as a playing card company by Fusajiro Yamauchi on 23 September 1889 . Based in Kyoto , the business produced and marketed Hanafuda cards . The handmade cards soon became popular , and Yamauchi hired assistants to mass - produce cards to satisfy demand . In 1949 , the company adopted the name Nintendo Karuta Co. , Ltd. , doing business as The Nintendo Playing Card Co. outside Japan . Nintendo continues to manufacture playing cards in Japan and organizes its own contract bridge tournament called the `` Nintendo Cup '' . The word Nintendo can be translated as `` leave luck to heaven '' , or alternatively as `` the temple of free hanafuda '' . </P> <H3> 1956 -- 1974 : new ventures </H3> Former headquarters plate , from when Nintendo was solely a playing card company <P> In 1956 , Hiroshi Yamauchi , grandson of Fusajiro Yamauchi , visited the U.S. to talk with the United States Playing Card Company , the dominant playing card manufacturer there . He found that the biggest playing card company in the world was using only a small office . Yamauchi 's realization that the playing card business had limited potential was a turning point . He then acquired the license to use Disney characters on playing cards to drive sales . </P> <P> In 1963 , Yamauchi renamed Nintendo Playing Card Co. Ltd. to Nintendo Co. , Ltd . The company then began to experiment in other areas of business using newly injected capital during the period of time between 1963 and 1968 . Nintendo set up a taxi company called Daiya . This business was initially successful . However , Nintendo was forced to sell it because problems with the labour unions were making it too expensive to run the service . It also set up a love hotel chain , a TV network , a food company ( selling instant rice ) and several other ventures . All of these ventures eventually failed , and after the 1964 Tokyo Olympics , playing card sales dropped , and Nintendo 's stock price plummeted to its lowest recorded level of ¥ 60 . </P> <P> In 1966 , Nintendo moved into the Japanese toy industry with the Ultra Hand , an extendable arm developed by its maintenance engineer Gunpei Yokoi in his free time . Yokoi was moved from maintenance to the new `` Nintendo Games '' department as a product developer . Nintendo continued to produce popular toys , including the Ultra Machine , Love Tester and the Kousenjuu series of light gun games . Despite some successful products , Nintendo struggled to meet the fast development and manufacturing turnaround required in the toy market , and fell behind the well - established companies such as Bandai and Tomy . In 1973 , its focus shifted to family entertainment venues with the Laser Clay Shooting System , using the same light gun technology used in Nintendo 's Kousenjuu series of toys , and set up in abandoned bowling alleys . Following some success , Nintendo developed several more light gun machines ( such as the light gun shooter game Wild Gunman ) for the emerging arcade scene . While the Laser Clay Shooting System ranges had to be shut down following excessive costs , Nintendo had found a new market . </P> <H3> 1974 -- 1978 : early electronic era </H3> The Color TV - Game was Nintendo 's first foray into video gaming , which would become its main business . <P> Nintendo 's first venture into the video gaming industry was securing rights to distribute the Magnavox Odyssey video game console in Japan in 1974 . Nintendo began to produce its own hardware in 1977 , with the Color TV - Game home video game consoles . Four versions of these consoles were produced , each including variations of a single game ( for example , Color TV Game 6 featured six versions of Light Tennis ) . </P> <P> A student product developer named Shigeru Miyamoto was hired by Nintendo at this time . He worked for Yokoi , and one of his first tasks was to design the casing for several of the Color TV - Game consoles . Miyamoto went on to create , direct and produce some of Nintendo 's most famous video games and become one of the most recognizable figures in the video game industry . </P> <P> In 1975 , Nintendo moved into the video arcade game industry with EVR Race , designed by their first game designer , Genyo Takeda , and several more games followed . Nintendo had some small success with this venture , but the release of Donkey Kong in 1981 , designed by Miyamoto , changed Nintendo 's fortunes dramatically . The success of the game and many licensing opportunities ( such as ports on the Atari 2600 , Intellivision and ColecoVision ) gave Nintendo a huge boost in profit and in addition , the game also introduced an early iteration of Mario , then known in Japan as Jumpman , the eventual company mascot . </P> <H3> 1979 -- 2003 : success with video games </H3> Main articles : Game & Watch , NES , Game Boy , SNES , Nintendo 64 , and Game Boy Advance SP The Game & Watch series was Nintendo 's first worldwide success in video game consoles <P> In 1979 , Gunpei Yokoi conceived the idea of a handheld video game , while observing a fellow bullet train commuter who passed the time by interacting idly with a portable LCD calculator , which gave birth to Game & Watch . In 1980 , Nintendo launched Game & Watch -- a handheld video game series developed by Yokoi . These systems do not contain interchangeable cartridges and thus the

The Japanese videogame company Nintendo was founded on

When was the japanese videogame company nintendo founded?

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Half - Life 2 : Episode Two - wikipedia <H1> Half - Life 2 : Episode Two </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Half - Life 2 : Episode Two </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Promotional artwork featuring ( from left ) : Gordon Freeman , the Combine Hunters , and Alyx Vance </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Developer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Valve Corporation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher ( s ) </Th> <Td> Valve Corporation </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Composer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Kelly Bailey </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Series </Th> <Td> Half - Life </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Engine </Th> <Td> Source </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Platform ( s ) </Th> <Td> Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 , OS X , Linux </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release </Th> <Td> October 10 , 2007 ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Microsoft Windows , Xbox 360 </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> NA : October 10 , 2007 </Li> <Li> EU : October 18 , 2007 </Li> <Li> AU : October 25 , 2007 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> PlayStation 3 </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> AU : December 20 , 2007 </Li> <Li> EU : December 14 , 2007 </Li> <Li> NA : December 14 , 2007 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> OS X </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> WW : May 26 , 2010 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Linux </Li> <Li> <Ul> <Li> WW : May 10 , 2013 </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre ( s ) </Th> <Td> First - person shooter </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mode ( s ) </Th> <Td> Single - player </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Half - Life 2 : Episode Two is a first - person shooter video game , the second in a series of episodic sequels to the 2004 Half - Life 2 . It was developed by Valve Corporation in tandem with Episode One , the first game in the series , and released in 2007 via Valve 's Steam content distribution platform . The episode was released both separately and as a part of a bundled package , The Orange Box . </P> <P> Episode Two gameplay consists of expansive environments , travel and reduced linear play , continuing Valve 's policy of orienting each episode around a particular theme or set of technologies . Following the closing events of Episode One , it sees Gordon Freeman and the series ' other major characters moving away from City 17 to the surrounding countryside . </P> <P> The retail version was released on October 10 , 2007 , in North America and Russia for Windows and Microsoft 's Xbox 360 after repeated delays . The version for the PlayStation 3 was to be released `` around two or three weeks later '' , as it was produced separately at the Electronic Arts UK studio , according to Valve marketing director Doug Lombardi . This version was further delayed . For the rest of the world , the release date was October 18 . The Steam version was released worldwide on October 10 , 2007 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Gameplay <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Enemies </Li> <Li> 1.2 Weapons </Li> <Li> 1.3 Vehicles </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Plot </Li> <Li> 3 Development <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Audio </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Gameplay ( edit ) </H2> <P> As with its predecessors , the game is played in the first person as series protagonist Gordon Freeman against transhuman troops , known as the Combine , and other hostile alien creatures . Levels are linear but add a more open environment , consisting of puzzles and first - person shooter game - play . Sequences involving vehicles are interspersed throughout the game , breaking up moments of combat . </P> <P> One of the focal points of Episode Two was meant to be increased use of vehicles in open areas . However , the game retains its original linear style until the final battle . Episode Two has more puzzles than Episode One , including the biggest physical puzzle yet in the series -- a damaged unstable bridge . The game features numerous `` achievements '' ( similar to PlayStation 3 's Trophies and Xbox Live 's Achievements ) for carrying out certain tasks . Some are essential to game progress , such as helping fight off an antlion invasion , or defeating the first Hunters . Others are optional tricks or feats the player can perform , such as killing a Combine soldier with their own grenade or running down a certain number of enemies with the car . </P> <H3> Enemies ( edit ) </H3> <P> Episode Two featured a new Hunter enemy , which had just been seen briefly in a recorded message in Episode One . The Hunter serves as one of the most dangerous enemies within the game and as means of emotional development for Alyx Vance . The Hunter is a powerful and resilient enemy which players must often run from while seeking a means to fight back ; Episode Two 's environments are designed with this in mind . </P> <P> An interview in the August 2006 issue of PC Gamer magazine revealed that the Hunter stands 8 feet ( 2.4 m ) tall . Erik Johnson , the game 's project lead , states that the Hunters are `` big and impressive , but they can go anywhere the player can go '' , as the player can encounter them both indoors and outdoors . Ted Backman , senior artist for Valve , talks about how the Hunter can express emotions , being a somewhat non-human character . `` We want the Hunter to be able to express nervousness or aggression , ( to show you ) whether it 's aggressive , hurt , or mad . '' Hunters are very aggressive and they tend to operate in packs , but can also be found supporting other Combine troops . Late in the game , they can be found escorting Striders , using their flechette guns to protect the Striders that the player is trying to attack . </P> <P> Hunters primarily attack the player by bracing themselves and firing bursts from their flechette cannon . Four flechettes can vaporize an ordinary human soldier . If they do not strike a living target , the flechette charge up for several seconds and then explode , dealing minor damage to everything nearby . Hunters may also conduct a charging attack or strike with their legs if the player gets too close . Hunters are vulnerable to all weapons , but to compensate , are still quite resilient , making explosives and the pulse rifle 's charged energy ball the most attractive options . Objects thrown with the gravity gun are also effective , especially if the player catches some of their flechettes with the object before hurling it ( one of the in - game Achievements ) . In outdoor environments , they can be run over with a vehicle . </P> <P> Two new forms of antlion appear in the game . The first is the glow - in - the - dark antlion grub , a harmless , worm - like creature which functions as a minor health pickup and a light source . Killing all 333 of these earns an Achievement . The second is the worker antlion ( or ' acidlion ' ) whose body produces a powerful and poisonous acid . In addition to a ranged acid spit attack , they also explode when killed , launching acid around them in a short radius , making them dangerous close - combat opponents . Although they are thematically similar to the bullsquids of the original Half - Life , they are functionally closer to the poison headcrab -- as an enemy that the player will instinctively prioritize as a target . A new antlion guardian , which has glow - in - the - dark features , was also added . This `` Guardian '' hunts and attacks Gordon Freeman as the player endeavors to take the larval extract the Guardian protects . The vortigaunt that accompanies the player forbids him from harming the guardian , fearing the extract will be ruined if he does . The player must therefore accomplish his goal while being harried by a creature he can not eliminate , though the player is eventually given the chance to kill it . </P> <H3> Weapons ( edit ) </H3> An in - game white - board depicting how the Magnusson Device functions <P> Episode Two features no additions to Gordon Freeman 's weapons inventory . Instead , Valve chose to further explore uses for the gravity gun , with which the player can pick up and throw large objects . They introduced more varied Gravity Gun `` ammunition '' , such as logs , flares , and half - height butane tanks , which are easier to aim than full - size fuel drums . </P> <P> Near the end of the game , the player uses `` Magnusson Devices '' , which designer Dario Casali described as a `` sticky bomb that you fire at a Strider 's underbelly that will draw power from the Strider 's internal power source '' . The player uses the gravity gun to attach the bombs to tripodal enemy Striders ; the bombs detonate when fired upon with any other of the player 's weapons , instantly destroying the target . The Hunter escorts prioritize them as targets , either destroying them in the player 's grasp or shooting already - attached ones off . </P> <H3> Vehicles ( edit ) </H3> <P> Large sections of the game feature a car which resembles a gutted - and - rebuilt 1969 Dodge Charger . It appears to have been tuned for performance . A radar system is installed later in the game , allowing the player to locate Rebel supply caches . In the final battle , a rear - mounted storage rack for Magnusson Devices is added and the radar is adjusted to track enemies and Magnusson Device dispensers . A homing unit is also installed so the player can quickly locate the car in the chaos of the final battle via a readout in the Hazardous Environment suit . </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Combine , a multidimensional empire which has enslaved Earth , has used the destruction of their Citadel to open a massive portal . This will allow them to summon reinforcements and destroy the Lambda Resistance . In the mountains outside City 17 , Resistance fighters Gordon Freeman and Alyx Vance climb from the wreckage of the train they used to escape the city . At an old transmission station , they establish communication with resistance scientists Dr. Kleiner and Eli Vance at the White Forest base . They learn that the Resistance may be able to close the portal using a copy of a Combine transmission Alyx is carrying . At an abandoned mine , Alyx is critically wounded by a Combine Hunter . A vortigaunt leads them to an underground Resistance shelter . Gordon recovers larval extract from a nearby antlion colony , necessary for the vortigaunts to heal Alyx . While the vortigaunts heal her , the mysterious G - Man contacts Gordon and hints at Alyx 's importance to his own plans , revealing that he saved her life at the Black Mesa Research Facility despite objections from an unspecified third party . He instructs the unconscious Alyx to tell her father to `` prepare for unforeseen consequences '' . </P> <P> After Alyx has recovered , she and Gordon proceed in an old Resistance vehicle , battling Combine troops and surviving an encounter with a Combine Advisor , a high - ranking Combine alien . At White Forest , they are reunited with Resistance Kleiner and Eli , along with Alyx 's pet robot D0g . Gordon is also introduced to the egotistical Dr. Arne

Half Life 2 Episode 2 was released

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infected Gibson , transforming him into an evil mutant minion of the Skeleton King ! </P> <P> Guest : Frank Welker as Thingy </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Flytor '' </Td> <Td> Brandon Sawyer </Td> <Td> November 6 , 2004 </Td> <Td> 109 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> Chiro , who is tired of giving up his precious time to protect the city , suggests that an automatic defense system should be constructed to keep Shuggazoom City safe , so he does n't have to . Otto and Gibson create the perfect line of defense , and it works magnificently after an attack by a weird ( space ) creature . But things start to get out of hand when three horrifying beasts slip through the cracks . The team successfully captures them , only to have them merge and go on a destruction spree ! Now Chiro must take responsibility for relying on a machine to do the job that he was chosen to do , and stop Flytor with the team 's help - even if it means shutting down their impressive defense grid for good . </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` A Man Called Krinkle '' </Td> <Td> Brandon Auman </Td> <Td> November 20 , 2004 </Td> <Td> 110 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> Meet Gyrus Krinkle , a man who dreams of becoming part of the Monkey Team . But when Chiro turns him down , he realizes it 's time to take matters into his own hands . Krinkle hatches a scheme to make himself leader of the monkeys - whether they want it or not . </P> <P> Guest : Jeffrey Combs as Gyrus Krinkle </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` Ape New World '' </Td> <Td> Kevin Campbell & Kevin Hopps </Td> <Td> December 4 , 2004 </Td> <Td> 111 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> In deep space , the Super Robot is locked in fierce battle , and as a last resort , hyperspeed is activated . The team soon finds themselves landed in a strange place where the monkeys are worshiped as the `` Redeemers . '' The robotic ape inhabitants claim that this place is actually Shugazoom City - 2 million years into the future ! But Chiro is n't so sure that the strange primates are telling the truth ... </P> <P> Guest : Jeff Bennett takes over the role of Scrapperton </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 12 </Td> <Td> `` Circus of Ooze '' </Td> <Td> Greg Weisman </Td> <Td> December 11 , 2004 </Td> <Td> 112 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> When the team hits the circus for a day of food and fun , they get that and much more than they wanted . The mysterious ringmaster has taken an interest in the monkeys , and soon captures them with the help of the strange ( Snake ) Charmer and the enchanting ( Jungle ) Girl . With the monkeys forced to perform and Chiro being held captive as well , only Otto can save the day . But can they free the rest of the team and stop these side show freaks from transforming all of Shuggazoom 's citizens into creepy clowns ? </P> <P> Guest : Robert Englund as the Ringmaster </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 13 </Td> <Td> `` Hidden Fortress '' </Td> <Td> Barry Hawkins </Td> <Td> December 18 , 2004 </Td> <Td> 113 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> A foe known as the `` Supreme Destructor '' is causing havoc . He apparently killed Jinmay . The monkeys and Chiro travel to outer space in search of the villain . He is revealed to be Mandarin , working for the Skeleton King . The monkeys are busy trying to escape through an obstacle course , so they ca n't help Chiro beat him . Antauri sends Chiro a message to use the Power Primate to defeat Mandarin . Then , Sakko appears , also working for Skeleton King . Can the Power Primate 's force defeat all three of these evil fiends ? </P> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Season 2 : 2005 ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> # </Th> <Th> Episode </Th> <Th> Written by </Th> <Th> Airdate </Th> <Th> Production Code </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 14 </Td> <Td> `` Skeleton King '' </Td> <Td> Henry Gilroy </Td> <Td> 02 / 06 / 2005 </Td> <Td> 201 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> With only Gibson and a half damaged Super Robot , Chiro must mount a rescue against the Citadel of Bone to save the Hyperforce from tortuous brainwashing by Mandarin and Sakko . As Chiro and Gibson explore the citadel 's nightmarish interior they discover secrets of Chiro 's past as well as a secret of Skeleton King himself . Can Chiro harness the Power Primate , free his friends , and defeat Skeleton King before he unleashes a wave of evil on Shuggazoom ? </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 15 </Td> <Td> `` World of Giants '' </Td> <Td> Kevin Hopps & Tom Hart </Td> <Td> 02 / 12 / 2005 </Td> <Td> 202 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> When Sparx says that Tolomac 3 is just another piece of rock floating in space , he could n't be more wrong . It turns out that there 's an entire kingdom of giants living there , and they 've mistaken the Super Robot for one of their own . Sparx decides to take advantage of the situation and pose as a knight , but the Robot is losing power , and unless the team can find the nearby energy source , they 'll be stuck there for good ! But there 's one who does n't want them to leave - he wants to get rid of this `` square - headed knight '' himself ... But do n't forget the new `` girlfriend '' Sparx gets while he 's there . </P> <P> Guest : Rip Taylor as King of Giants </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 16 </Td> <Td> `` The Lords of Soturix 7 '' </Td> <Td> Brandon Auman </Td> <Td> 02 / 19 / 2005 </Td> <Td> 203 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> Responding to a distress call , the Super Robot crash lands on Soturix 7 . To make things worse , an energy field around the planet has shorted out the robot , Chiro 's powers , AND the minds of the rest of the Monkey Team ! Now Chiro must brave Skurgg 's sadistic games , survive the desert , and reclaim his friends ... and his only hope is to connect with the Power Primate on an entirely new level . </P> <P> Guest : Wil Wheaton as Skurgg </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 17 </Td> <Td> `` In the Grip of Evil '' </Td> <Td> Brandon Auman </Td> <Td> 02 / 25 / 2005 </Td> <Td> 204 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> It all started with the nightmares . But nobody could 've predicted how much more they would soon become . The team is whisked away to a strange dream world dream world where all their hopes , fears , and memories are seemingly reality - including Skeleton King . The monkeys are about to discover something they thought they 'd all forgotten . But memories can never completely fade ... </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 18 </Td> <Td> `` Versus Chiro '' </Td> <Td> Brandon Auman </Td> <Td> 03 / 05 / 2005 </Td> <Td> 205 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> It was just an ordinary day of training - until Chiro 's head blew off ! It turns out to be a Formless clone , and the monkeys are on a wild chase around the city to find the real one . Meanwhile , the real Chiro is held hostage at Mandarin 's fortress . It wo n't be easy to escape - there are deformed clones at every corner ! Can the monkeys rescue Chiro in time ? </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 19 </Td> <Td> `` Shadow Over Shuggazoom '' </Td> <Td> Henry Gilroy & Kevin Hopps </Td> <Td> 03 / 12 / 2005 </Td> <Td> 206 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> Skeleton King plants an eye monster in the waters of Shuggazoom . The monster grows , then attacks all the citizens . When someone look into its gigantic eye , they become mind - controlled zombies . It also controls Sparx , Gibson , Nova and Otto ! Only Chiro and Antauri , and two other kids , BT and Glenny resist the spell only for Glenny to get attacked and bitten by Otto and Nova , while Antauri and BT looks into its eye turning them into zombies . But soon enough , Chiro is the only one left . Can Chiro stop the monster and save all the citizens of Shuggazoom along with their monkey comrades ? </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 20 </Td> <Td> `` The Sun Riders Return '' </Td> <Td> Barry Hawkins </Td> <Td> 03 / 19 / 2005 </Td> <Td> 207 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> Chasing the latest Skeleton King monster into space , the Monkey Team encounters not only the villain 's latest diabolical scheme , but an apparently reformed team of Sun Riders . But the questions remains ... can these villains truly be trusted ? </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 21 </Td> <Td> `` Hunt for the Citadel of Bone '' </Td> <Td> Greg Weisman </Td> <Td> 04 / 09 / 2005 </Td> <Td> 208 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> When a fragment of the Citadel of Bone is spotted , you can be sure the Hyperforce is after it . But when they come across an old piloting legend , the team get a lot more than they bargained for . Sure enough , the Citadel is still in existence - and restoring itself . Will the monkey team be able retrieve this strange man 's crew and to put an end to the evil before it starts ? Or will this legend let his thirst for revenge end everything - including their lives ? </P> <P> Guest : Lance Henriksen as Mobius Quint </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 22 </Td> <Td> `` Snowbound '' </Td> <Td> Brandon Auman & Henry Gilroy </Td> <Td> 04 / 16 / 2005 </Td> <Td> 209 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> Snow hits Shuggazoom City and it brings up not only endless questions from Gibson , but weird behavior from Nova . She wo n't go in the cold and a snowball to the head gets her so flustered , her body temperature alone can melt the snow . When the Hyperforce realizes there are other forces at work , they go beneath the surface to get to the source of the freeze . Haunted by memories of her past , the yellow monkey tries to keep her cool . But when the rest of the team is frozen solid , it 's the last straw for Nova , and it 's time to see just how powerful one monkey 's temper can be ... </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 23 </Td> <Td> `` Wonder Fun Meat World '' </Td> <Td> Brandon Auman </Td> <Td> 04 / 23 / 2005 </Td> <Td> 210 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> A new meat joint has opened up in Shuggazoom , and everyone in the city seems to be taken by this eatery . Even Otto is under its spell ! But soon things start to get ugly - literally - when meat mutants begin to attack . Could Wonder Fun Meat World be more than it 's cracked up to be ? </P> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> `` The Skeleton King Threat '' </Td> <Td> Henry Gilroy </Td> <Td> 04 / 30 / 2005 </Td> <Td> 211 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="5"> <P> The Monkey Team is finally able to talk to the citizens of Shuggazoom ! Now with this new ability , they 've decided to let everyone in on the true danger that surrounds them - the Skeleton King threat

The Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go fighting games are based on

Super robot monkey team hyperforce go fighting games?

-1570489268362749053

Bora Bora - wikipedia <H1> Bora Bora </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the island . For other uses , see Bora Bora ( disambiguation ) . Not to be confused with Tora Bora or Boracay . <Table> Bora not Bora <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Bora Bora and its lagoon seen from the International Space Station </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Geography </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coordinates </Th> <Td> 16 ° 30 ′ 04 '' S 151 ° 44 ′ 24 '' W  /  16.501 ° S 151.740 ° W  / - 16.501 ; - 151.740 Coordinates : 16 ° 30 ′ 04 '' S 151 ° 44 ′ 24 '' W  /  16.501 ° S 151.740 ° W  / - 16.501 ; - 151.740 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Archipelago </Th> <Td> Society Islands </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area </Th> <Td> 30.55 km ( 11.80 sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Highest elevation </Th> <Td> 727 m ( 2,385 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Highest point </Th> <Td> Mount Otemanu </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Administration </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> France </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Overseas collectivity </Th> <Td> French Polynesia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Administrative subdivision </Th> <Td> Leeward Islands </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Commune </Th> <Td> Bora Bora </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Largest settlement </Th> <Td> Vaitape </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Demographics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Population </Th> <Td> 10,605 ( 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pop . density </Th> <Td> 347 / km ( 899 / sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Bora Bora ( French : Bora - Bora , Tahitian : Pora Pora ) is a 30.55 km ( 12 sq mi ) island group in the Leeward group in the western part of the Society Islands of French Polynesia , an overseas collectivity of France in the Pacific Ocean . The main island , located about 230 kilometres ( 143 miles ) northwest of Papeete , is surrounded by a lagoon and a barrier reef . In the center of the island are the remnants of an extinct volcano rising to two peaks , Mount Pahia and Mount Otemanu , the highest point at 727 metres ( 2,385 feet ) . </P> <P> Bora Bora is a major international tourist destination , famous for its aqua - centric luxury resorts . The major settlement , Vaitape , is on the western side of the main island , opposite the main channel into the lagoon . Produce of the island is mostly limited to what can be obtained from the sea and the plentiful coconut trees , which were historically of economic importance for copra . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Demographics </Li> <Li> 2 Name </Li> <Li> 3 History <Ul> <Li> 3.1 World War II </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Administration </Li> <Li> 5 Tourism </Li> <Li> 6 Climate </Li> <Li> 7 Gallery </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Demographics ( edit ) </H2> <P> As of 2017 , the Bora Bora group has a permanent population of 10,605 . </P> <H2> Name ( edit ) </H2> <P> In ancient times the island was called `` Pora pora mai te pora '' , meaning `` created by the gods '' in the local Tahitian dialect . This was often abbreviated Pora Pora meaning simply `` first born '' . Because of ambiguities in the phonemes of the Tahitian language , this could also be pronounced Bola Bola or Bora Bora . When explorer Jacob Roggeveen first landed on the island , he and his crew adopted the name Bora Bora which has stood ever since . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Kingdom of Bora Bora Flag of the Kingdom of Bora Bora ( 1837 -- 1842 ) Queen Teriimaevarua III and her maids of honor , circa 1899 <P> The island was inhabited by Polynesian settlers around the 4th century C.E. The first European sighting was made by Jakob Roggeveen in 1722 . </P> <P> James Cook sighted the island on 29 July 1769 , using a Tahitian navigator , Tupaia . The London Missionary Society arrived in 1820 and founded a Protestant church in 1890 . Bora Bora was an independent kingdom until 1888 when its last queen Teriimaevarua III was forced to abdicate by the French who annexed the island as a colony . </P> <H3> World War II ( edit ) </H3> <P> In World War II the United States chose Bora Bora as a South Pacific military supply base , and an oil depot , airstrip , seaplane base , and defensive fortifications were constructed . Known as `` Operation Bobcat '' , it maintained a supply force of nine ships , 20,000 tons of equipment and nearly 7,000 men . </P> <P> At least eight 7 `` / 44 caliber guns , operated by elements of the 13th Coast Artillery Regiment ( later the 276th Coast Artillery Battalion ) , were set up at strategic points around the island to protect it against potential military attack . Eight of these guns remain in the area . </P> <P> However , the island saw no combat as the American presence on Bora Bora went uncontested over the course of the war . The base was officially closed on 2 June 1946 . The World War II airstrip was never able to accommodate large aircraft , but it nonetheless was French Polynesia 's only international airport until Faa'a International Airport opened next to Papeete , Tahiti , in 1960 . </P> <H2> Administration ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Bora - Bora </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Commune </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The island 's lagoon and main island </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> Flag </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> France </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Overseas collectivity </Th> <Td> French Polynesia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Associated communes </Th> <Td> Anau , Faanui , Vaitape ( centre ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Government </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mayor </Th> <Td> Gaston Tong Sang </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Area </Th> <Td> 40.3 km ( 15.6 sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Population ( 2017 ) </Th> <Td> 10,605 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Density </Th> <Td> 260 / km ( 680 / sq mi ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> INSEE / Postal code </Th> <Td> 98714 / 98730 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Elevation </Th> <Td> 0 -- 727 m ( 0 -- 2,385 ft ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Population without double counting : residents of multiple communes ( e.g. , students and military personnel ) only counted once . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The commune of Bora - Bora is made up of the island of Bora Bora proper with its surrounding islets emerging from the coral reef , 29.3 km ( 11.3 sq mi ) in total . The surrounding islets include Motu Tapu , Motu Ahuna , Tevairoa , Motu Tane , Motu Mute , Motu Tufari , Motu Tehotu , Motu Pitiaau , Sofitel Motu , Motu Toopua , and Toopuaiti . The commune also includes the Tūpai atoll. ( 11 km or 4.2 sq mi ) , located 20 kilometres ( 12 mi ) north of Bora Bora . The atoll of Tūpai has no permanent population apart from about 50 workers in the coconut plantations . </P> <P> The commune is an administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands and consists of three associated communes : Anau , Faanui and Vaitape . The administrative centre of the commune is the settlement of Vaitape , on the island of Bora Bora proper . Gaston Tong Sang is the Mayor of the commune of Bora - Bora , serving since 1989 . </P> <H2> Tourism ( edit ) </H2> Four Seasons Resort Bora Bora <P> The island 's economy is driven almost solely by tourism . Several resorts have been built on motu ( small islands , from Tahitian ) surrounding the lagoon . Hotel Bora Bora opened in 1961 , and nine years later built the first over-the - water bungalows on stilts over the lagoon . Today , over-water bungalows are a standard feature of most Bora Bora resorts . The quality of those bungalows ranges from comparably cheap , basic accommodations to very luxurious and expensive places to stay . </P> <P> Most of the tourist destinations are aqua - centric ; however it is possible to visit attractions on land such as WWII cannons . Air Tahiti has five or six flights daily to the Bora Bora Airport on Motu Mute from Tahiti ( as well as from other islands ) . Public transport on the island is nonexistent so rental cars and bicycles are the recommended methods of transport . There are also small , two - seater buggies for hire in Vaitape . It is possible to rent a motorboat to explore the lagoon . </P> <P> Snorkeling and scuba diving in and around the lagoon of Bora Bora are popular activities . Many species of sharks and rays inhabit the surrounding body of water . There are a few dive operators on the island offering manta ray dives and also shark - feeding dives . Sharks living in the island 's lagoon are not considered to be dangerous to people . </P> <P> In addition to the existing islands of Bora Bora , the new manmade motu of Motu Marfo has been added in the northeastern corner of the lagoon on the property of the St. Regis Resort . </P> <H2> Climate ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="14"> ( hide ) Climate data for Bora - Bora </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Month </Th> <Th> Jan </Th> <Th> Feb </Th> <Th> Mar </Th> <Th> Apr </Th> <Th> May </Th> <Th> Jun </Th> <Th> Jul </Th> <Th> Aug </Th> <Th> Sep </Th> <Th> Oct </Th> <Th> Nov </Th> <Th> Dec </Th> <Th> Year </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average high ° C ( ° F ) </Th> <Td> 30.2 ( 86.4 ) </Td> <Td> 30.8 ( 87.4 ) </Td> <Td> 30.5 ( 86.9 ) </Td> <Td> 30.3 ( 86.5 ) </Td> <Td> 29.5 ( 85.1 ) </Td> <Td> 28.6 ( 83.5 ) </Td> <Td> 28.1 ( 82.6 ) </Td> <Td> 28.1 ( 82.6 ) </Td> <Td> 28.6 ( 83.5 ) </Td> <Td> 29.1 ( 84.4 ) </Td> <Td> 29.4 ( 84.9 ) </Td> <Td> 29.6 ( 85.3 ) </Td> <Td> 29.3 ( 84.7 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average low ° C ( ° F ) </Th> <Td> 25.1 ( 77.2 ) </Td> <Td> 25.3 ( 77.5 ) </Td> <Td> 25.5 ( 77.9 ) </Td> <Td> 25.5 ( 77.9 ) </Td> <Td> 25.1 ( 77.2 ) </Td> <Td> 24.2 ( 75.6 ) </Td> <Td> 23.8 ( 74.8 ) </Td> <Td> 23.8 ( 74.8 ) </Td> <Td> 24.0 ( 75.2 ) </Td> <Td> 24.3 ( 75.7 ) </Td> <Td> 24.6 ( 76.3 ) </Td> <Td> 24.8 ( 76.6 ) </Td> <Td> 24.7 ( 76.5 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Average rainfall mm ( inches ) </Th> <Td> 268.7 ( 10.579 ) </Td> <Td> 233.2 ( 9.181 ) </Td> <Td> 176.9 ( 6.965 ) </Td> <Td> 182.7 ( 7.193 ) </Td> <Td> 129.8 ( 5.11 ) </Td> <Td> 98.2 ( 3.866 ) </Td> <Td> 83.3 ( 3.28 ) </Td> <Td> 59.7 ( 2.35 ) </Td> <Td> 65.5 ( 2.579 ) </Td> <Td> 99.8 ( 3.929 ) </Td> <Td> 203.7 ( 8.02 ) </Td> <Td> 280.6 ( 11.047 ) </Td> <Td> 1,882.1 ( 74.098 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Mean monthly sunshine hours </Th> <Td> 201.1 </Td> <Td> 202.6 </Td> <Td> 239.4 </Td> <Td> 219.8 </Td> <Td> 224.1 </Td> <Td> 224.5 </Td> <Td> 231.8 </Td> <Td> 248.4 </Td> <Td> 241.0 </Td> <Td> 230.5 </Td> <Td> 217.7 </Td> <Td> 207.0 </Td> <Td> 2,687.9 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="14"> Source : NOAA </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Most rainfall occurs during the summer months ( November to April ) and is accompanied by high humidity , although clear days

The current population of Bora Bora is

What is the current population of bora bora?

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IP multimedia subsystem - wikipedia <H1> IP multimedia subsystem </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> ( hide ) This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article may be too technical for most readers to understand . Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts , without removing the technical details . ( December 2010 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article uses abbreviations that may be confusing or ambiguous . There might be a discussion about this on the talk page . Please improve this article if you can . ( May 2011 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The IP Multimedia Subsystem or IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem ( IMS ) is an architectural framework for delivering IP multimedia services . Historically , mobile phones have provided voice call services over a circuit - switched - style network , rather than strictly over an IP packet - switched network . Alternative methods of delivering voice ( VoIP ) or other multimedia services have become available on smartphones , but they have not become standardized across the industry . IMS is an architectural framework to provide such standardization . </P> <P> IMS was originally designed by the wireless standards body 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP ) , as a part of the vision for evolving mobile networks beyond GSM . Its original formulation ( 3GPP Rel - 5 ) represented an approach to delivering `` Internet services '' over GPRS . This vision was later updated by 3GPP , 3GPP2 and ETSI TISPAN by requiring support of networks other than GPRS , such as Wireless LAN , CDMA2000 and fixed lines . </P> <P> To ease the integration with the Internet , IMS uses IETF protocols wherever possible , e.g. , SIP ( Session Initiation Protocol ) . According to the 3GPP , IMS is not intended to standardize applications , but rather to aid the access of multimedia and voice applications from wireless and wireline terminals , i.e. , to create a form of fixed - mobile convergence ( FMC ) . This is done by having a horizontal control layer that isolates the access network from the service layer . From a logical architecture perspective , services need not have their own control functions , as the control layer is a common horizontal layer . However , in implementation this does not necessarily map into greater reduced cost and complexity . </P> <P> Alternative and overlapping technologies for access and provisioning of services across wired and wireless networks include combinations of Generic Access Network , soft switches and `` naked '' SIP . </P> <P> Since it is becoming increasingly easier to access content and contacts using mechanisms outside the control of traditional wireless / fixed operators , the interest of IMS is being challenged . </P> <P> Examples of global standards based on IMS are MMTel which is the basis for Voice over LTE ( VoLTE ) and Rich Communication Services ( RCS ) which is also known as joyn or Advanced Messaging . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Architecture <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Access network </Li> <Li> 2.2 Core network <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 CSCF -- Call Session Control Function </Li> <Li> 2.2. 2 Application servers <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 2.1 Functional model </Li> <Li> 2.2. 2.2 Public Service Identity </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2. 3 Media servers </Li> <Li> 2.2. 4 Breakout gateway </Li> <Li> 2.2. 5 PSTN gateways </Li> <Li> 2.2. 6 Media resources </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 NGN interconnection </Li> <Li> 2.4 Charging </Li> <Li> 2.5 IMS - Based PES Architecture </Li> <Li> 2.6 Interfaces description </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Session handling <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Initial filter criteria </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Security aspects of early IMS and non-3GPP systems </Li> <Li> 5 See also </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 Books </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> IMS defined by an industry forum called 3G. IP , formed in 1999 . 3G. IP developed the initial IMS architecture , which was brought to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP ) , as part of their standardization work for 3G mobile phone systems in UMTS networks . It first appeared in Release 5 ( evolution from 2G to 3G networks ) , when SIP - based multimedia was added . Support for the older GSM and GPRS networks was also provided . </Li> <Li> 3GPP2 ( a different organization from 3GPP ) based their CDMA2000 Multimedia Domain ( MMD ) on 3GPP IMS , adding support for CDMA2000 . </Li> <Li> 3GPP release 6 added interworking with WLAN , inter-operability between IMS using different IP - connectivity networks , routing group identities , multiple registration and forking , presence , speech recognition and speech - enabled services ( Push to talk ) . </Li> <Li> 3GPP release 7 added support for fixed networks by working together with TISPAN release R1. 1 , the function of AGCF ( access gateway control function ) and PES ( PSTN emulation service ) are introduced to the wire - line network for the sake of inheritance of services which can be provided in PSTN network . AGCF works as a bridge interconnecting the IMS networks and the Megaco / H. 248 networks . Megaco / H. 248 networks offers the possibility to connect terminals of the old legacy networks to the new generation of networks based on IP networks . AGCF acts a SIP User agent towards the IMS and performs the role of P - CSCF . SIP User Agent functionality is included in the AGCF , and not on the customer device but in the network itself . Also added voice call continuity between circuit switching and packet switching domain ( VCC ) , fixed broadband connection to the IMS , interworking with non-IMS networks , policy and charging control ( PCC ) , emergency sessions . </Li> <Li> 3GPP release 8 added support for LTE / SAE , multimedia session continuity , enhanced emergency sessions and IMS centralized services . </Li> <Li> 3GPP release 9 added support for IMS emergency calls over GPRS and EPS , enhancements to multimedia telephony , IMS media plane security , enhancements to services centralization and continuity . </Li> <Li> 3GPP release 10 added support for inter device transfer , enhancements to the single radio voice call continuity ( SRVCC ) , enhancements to IMS emergency sessions . </Li> <Li> 3GPP release 11 added USSD simulation service , network - provided location information for IMS , SMS submit and delivery without MSISDN in IMS , and overload control . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Architecture ( edit ) </H2> 3GPP / TISPAN IMS architectural overview 3GPP / TISPAN IMS architectural overview -- HSS in IMS layer ( as by standard ) <P> Each of the functions in the diagram is explained below . </P> <P> The IP multimedia core network subsystem is a collection of different functions , linked by standardized interfaces , which grouped form one IMS administrative network . A function is not a node ( hardware box ) : An implementer is free to combine two functions in one node , or to split a single function into two or more nodes . Each node can also be present multiple times in a single network , for dimensioning , load balancing or organizational issues . </P> <H3> Access network ( edit ) </H3> <P> The user can connect to IMS in various ways , most of which use the standard IP . IMS terminals ( such as mobile phones , personal digital assistants ( PDAs ) and computers ) can register directly on IMS , even when they are roaming in another network or country ( the visited network ) . The only requirement is that they can use IP and run SIP user agents . Fixed access ( e.g. , Digital Subscriber Line ( DSL ) , cable modems , Ethernet ) , mobile access ( e.g. W - CDMA , CDMA2000 , GSM , GPRS ) and wireless access ( e.g. , WLAN , WiMAX ) are all supported . Other phone systems like plain old telephone service ( POTS -- the old analogue telephones ) , H. 323 and non IMS - compatible systems , are supported through gateways . </P> <H3> Core network ( edit ) </H3> <P> HSS -- Home subscriber server : The home subscriber server ( HSS ) , or user profile server function ( UPSF ) , is a master user database that supports the IMS network entities that actually handle calls . It contains the subscription - related information ( subscriber profiles ) , performs authentication and authorization of the user , and can provide information about the subscriber 's location and IP information . It is similar to the GSM home location register ( HLR ) and Authentication centre ( AuC ) . </P> <P> A subscriber location function ( SLF ) is needed to map user addresses when multiple HSSs are used . </P> <P> User identities : Various identities may be associated with IMS : IP multimedia private identity ( IMPI ) , IP multimedia public identity ( IMPU ) , globally routable user agent URI ( GRUU ) , wildcarded public user identity . Both IMPI and IMPU are not phone numbers or other series of digits , but uniform resource identifier ( URIs ) , that can be digits ( a Tel URI , such as tel : + 1 - 555 - 123 - 4567 ) or alphanumeric identifiers ( a SIP URI , such as sip : john.doe@example.com '' ) . </P> <P> IP Multimedia Private Identity : The IP Multimedia Private Identity ( IMPI ) is a unique permanently allocated global identity assigned by the home network operator , it has the form of an Network Access Identifier ( NAI ) i.e. user.name@domain , and is used , for example , for Registration , Authorization , Administration , and Accounting purposes . Every IMS user shall have one IMPI . </P> <P> IP Multimedia Public Identity : The IP Multimedia Public Identity ( IMPU ) is used by any user for requesting communications to other users ( e.g. this might be included on a business card ) . Also known as Address of Record ( AOR ) . There can be multiple IMPU per IMPI . The IMPU can also be shared with another phone , so that both can be reached with the same identity ( for example , a single phone - number for an entire family ) . </P> <P> Globally Routable User Agent URI : Globally Routable User Agent URI ( GRUU ) is an identity that identifies a unique combination of IMPU and UE instance . There are two types of GRUU : Public - GRUU ( P - GRUU ) and Temporary GRUU ( T - GRUU ) . </P> <Ul> <Li> P - GRUU reveal the IMPU and are very long lived . </Li> <Li> T - GRUU do not reveal the IMPU and are valid until the contact is explicitly de-registered or the current registration expires </Li> </Ul> <P> Wildcarded Public User Identity : A wildcarded Public User Identity expresses a set of IMPU grouped together . </P> <P> The HSS subscriber database contains the IMPU , IMPI , IMSI , MSISDN , subscriber service profiles , service triggers , and other information . </P> CSCF -- call session control function ( edit ) <P> Several roles of SIP servers or proxies , collectively called Call Session Control Function ( CSCF ) , are used to process SIP signalling packets in the IMS . </P> <Ul> <Li> A Proxy -

In the NGN/IMS context, SIP stands for

What does sip stand for in the ngn / ims context?

1436889921119526633

Penicillin - Wikipedia <H1> Penicillin </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For the Japanese band , see Penicillin ( band ) . <Table> Penicillin <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Penicillin core structure , where `` R '' is the variable group </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Clinical data </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> AHFS / Drugs.com </Th> <Td> Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pregnancy category </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> US : B ( No risk in non-human studies ) </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Routes of administration </Th> <Td> Intravenous , intramuscular , by mouth </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Legal status </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Legal status </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> In general : ℞ ( Prescription only ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Pharmacokinetic data </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Metabolism </Th> <Td> liver </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Biological half - life </Th> <Td> between 0.5 and 56 hours </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Excretion </Th> <Td> Kidneys </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Identifiers </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ChemSpider </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> none </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Chemical and physical data </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Formula </Th> <Td> C H N O S </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Molar mass </Th> <Td> 243.26 g mol </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Penicillin ( PCN or pen ) is a group of antibiotics which include penicillin G ( intravenous use ) , penicillin V ( use by mouth ) , procaine penicillin , and benzathine penicillin ( intramuscular use ) . Penicillin antibiotics were among the first medications to be effective against many bacterial infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci . They are still widely used today , though many types of bacteria have developed resistance following extensive use . </P> <P> About 10 % of people report that they are allergic to penicillin ; however , up to 90 % of this group may not actually be allergic . Serious allergies only occur in about 0.03 % . All penicillins are β - lactam antibiotics . </P> <P> Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming . People began using it to treat infections in 1942 . There are several enhanced penicillin families which are effective against additional bacteria ; these include the antistaphylococcal penicillins , aminopenicillins and the antipseudomonal penicillins . They are derived from Penicillium fungi . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Medical uses <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Susceptibility </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Side effects </Li> <Li> 3 Mechanism of action </Li> <Li> 4 Structure </Li> <Li> 5 History <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Discovery </Li> <Li> 5.2 Medical application </Li> <Li> 5.3 Mass production </Li> <Li> 5.4 Structure determination and total synthesis </Li> <Li> 5.5 Developments from penicillin </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Production <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Biosynthesis </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 Members <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Natural penicillins </Li> <Li> 7.2 β - lactamase - resistant </Li> <Li> 7.3 Aminopenicillins </Li> <Li> 7.4 Carboxypenicillins </Li> <Li> 7.5 Ureidopenicillins </Li> <Li> 7.6 β - lactamase inhibitors </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 Notes </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Medical uses ( edit ) </H2> <P> The term `` penicillin '' is often used generically to refer to benzylpenicillin ( penicillin G , the original penicillin found in 1928 ) , procaine benzylpenicillin ( procaine penicillin ) , benzathine benzylpenicillin ( benzathine penicillin ) , and phenoxymethylpenicillin ( penicillin V ) . Procaine penicillin and benzathine penicillin have the same antibacterial activity as benzylpenicillin but act for a longer period of time . Phenoxymethylpenicillin is less active against gram - negative bacteria than benzylpenicillin . Benzylpenicillin , procaine penicillin and benzathine penicillin can be given by intravenous or intramuscular injections , but phenoxymethylpenicillin can be given by mouth because of its acidic stability . </P> <H3> Susceptibility ( edit ) </H3> <P> While the number of penicillin - resistant bacteria is increasing , penicillin can still be used to treat a wide range of infections caused by certain susceptible bacteria , including Streptococci , Staphylococci , Clostridium , and Listeria genera . The following list illustrates minimum inhibitory concentration susceptibility data for a few medically significant bacteria : </P> <Ul> <Li> Listeria monocytogenes : from less than or equal to 0.06 μg / ml to 0.25 μg / ml </Li> <Li> Neisseria meningitidis : from less than or equal to 0.03 μg / ml to 0.5 μg / ml </Li> <Li> Staphylococcus aureus : from less than or equal to 0.015 μg / ml to more than 32 μg / ml </Li> </Ul> <H2> Side effects ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Side effects of penicillin <P> Common ( ≥ 1 % of people ) adverse drug reactions associated with use of the penicillins include diarrhoea , hypersensitivity , nausea , rash , neurotoxicity , urticaria , and superinfection ( including candidiasis ) . Infrequent adverse effects ( 0.1 -- 1 % of people ) include fever , vomiting , erythema , dermatitis , angioedema , seizures ( especially in people with epilepsy ) , and pseudomembranous colitis . Penicillin can also induce serum sickness or a serum sickness - like reaction in some individuals . Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity reaction that occurs one to three weeks after exposure to drugs including penicillin . It is not a true drug allergy , because allergies are type I hypersensitivity reactions , but repeated exposure to the offending agent can result in an anaphylactic reaction . Anaphylaxis will occur in approximately 0.01 % of patients . </P> <P> Pain and inflammation at the injection site is also common for parenterally administered benzathine benzylpenicillin , benzylpenicillin , and , to a lesser extent , procaine benzylpenicillin . </P> <H2> Mechanism of action ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> Main article : Beta - lactam antibiotic Bacteria that attempt to grow and divide in the presence of penicillin fail to do so , and instead end up shedding their cell walls . Penicillin and other β - lactam antibiotics act by inhibiting penicillin - binding proteins , which normally catalyze cross-linking of bacterial cell walls . <P> Bacteria constantly remodel their peptidoglycan cell walls , simultaneously building and breaking down portions of the cell wall as they grow and divide . β - Lactam antibiotics inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links in the bacterial cell wall ; this is achieved through binding of the four - membered β - lactam ring of penicillin to the enzyme DD - transpeptidase . As a consequence , DD - transpeptidase can not catalyze formation of these cross-links , and an imbalance between cell wall production and degradation develops , causing the cell to rapidly die . </P> <P> The enzymes that hydrolyze the peptidoglycan cross-links continue to function , even while those that form such cross-links do not . This weakens the cell wall of the bacterium , and osmotic pressure becomes increasingly uncompensated -- eventually causing cell death ( cytolysis ) . In addition , the build - up of peptidoglycan precursors triggers the activation of bacterial cell wall hydrolases and autolysins , which further digest the cell wall 's peptidoglycans . The small size of the penicillins increases their potency , by allowing them to penetrate the entire depth of the cell wall . This is in contrast to the glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin and teicoplanin , which are both much larger than the penicillins . </P> <P> Gram - positive bacteria are called protoplasts when they lose their cell walls . Gram - negative bacteria do not lose their cell walls completely and are called spheroplasts after treatment with penicillin . </P> <P> Penicillin shows a synergistic effect with aminoglycosides , since the inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis allows aminoglycosides to penetrate the bacterial cell wall more easily , allowing their disruption of bacterial protein synthesis within the cell . This results in a lowered MBC for susceptible organisms . </P> <P> Penicillins , like other β - lactam antibiotics , block not only the division of bacteria , including cyanobacteria , but also the division of cyanelles , the photosynthetic organelles of the glaucophytes , and the division of chloroplasts of bryophytes . In contrast , they have no effect on the plastids of the highly developed vascular plants . This supports the endosymbiotic theory of the evolution of plastid division in land plants . </P> <P> The chemical structure of penicillin is triggered with a very precise , pH - dependent directed mechanism , effected by a unique spatial assembly of molecular components , which can activate by protonation . It can travel through bodily fluids , targeting and inactivating enzymes responsible for cell - wall synthesis in gram - positive bacteria , meanwhile avoiding the surrounding non-targets . Penicillin can protect itself from spontaneous hydrolysis in the body in its anionic form , while storing its potential as a strong acylating agent , activated only upon approach to the target transpeptidase enzyme and protonated in the active centre . This targeted protonation neutralizes the carboxylic acid moiety , which is weakening of the β - lactam ring N -- C ( = O ) bond , resulting in a self - activation . Specific structural requirements are equated to constructing the perfect mouse trap for catching targeted prey . </P> <H2> Structure ( edit ) </H2> Chemical structure of Penicillin G . The sulfur and nitrogen of the five - membered thiazolidine ring are shown in yellow and blue respectively . The image shows that the thiazolidine ring and fused four - membered β - lactam are not in the same plane . <P> The term `` penam '' is used to describe the common core skeleton of a member of the penicillins . This core has the molecular formula R-C H N O S , where R is the variable side chain that differentiates the penicillins from one another . The penam core has a molar mass of 243 g / mol , with larger penicillins having molar mass near 450 -- for example , cloxacillin has a molar mass of 436 g / mol . The key structural feature of the penicillins is the four - membered β - lactam ring ; this structural moiety is essential for penicillin 's antibacterial activity . The β - lactam ring is itself fused to a five - membered thiazolidine ring . The fusion of these two rings causes the β - lactam ring to be more reactive than monocyclic β - lactams because the two fused rings distort the β - lactam amide bond and therefore remove the resonance stabilisation normally found in these chemical bonds . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Discovery ( edit ) </H3> Main article : History of penicillin Alexander Fleming , who is credited with discovering penicillin in 1928 . Sample of penicillium mould presented by Alexander Fleming to Douglas Macleod , 1935 <P> Starting in the late 19th century there had been many accounts by scientists and physicians on the antibacterial properties of the different types of moulds including the mould penicillium but they were unable to discern what process was causing the effect . The effects of penicillium mould would finally be isolated in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming , in work that seems to have been independent of those earlier observations . Fleming recounted that the date of his discovery of penicillin was on the morning of Friday 28 September 1928 . The traditional version of this story describes the discovery as a serendipitous accident : in his laboratory in the basement of St Mary 's Hospital in London ( now part of Imperial College ) , Fleming noticed a Petri dish containing Staphylococcus that had been mistakenly left open was contaminated by blue - green mould from an open window

Penicillin was first introduced to the public in

When was penicillin first introduced to the public?

-6848893167800415235

by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America . The season premiered on February 7 , 2018 . </P> <P> The promotional logo was released on December 20 , 2017 . The logo is similar to that used for Big Brother season 19 , with the word `` celebrity '' added . The first teaser was also released the same day . In January 2018 official photos of the house and backyard were released through a press release and an Instagram livestream with Julie Chen . On January 28 , 2018 , the official cast was announced during The 60th Annual Grammy Awards . </P> <P> The season officially concluded on February 25 , 2018 when Marissa Jaret Winokur beat Ross Mathews by a final jury vote of 6 to 3 . Ross was also later named America 's Favorite HouseGuest . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 Production <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Series changes </Li> <Li> 2.2 Broadcasts <Ul> <Li> 2.2. 1 International broadcasts </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.3 Prize </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 HouseGuests </Li> <Li> 4 Episodes <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Voting history <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Notes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Reception <Ul> <Li> 6.1 Viewing figures </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background </H2> <P> After the first season of the British version of Big Brother proved to be a success in the ratings for Channel 4 , the network collaborated with the BBC for the first British season of Celebrity Big Brother in aid of Comic Relief . The season ran for a condensed run of eight days and featured six British celebrities moving into the house used for the first British season . Due to the success of the first celebrity edition , a second season was ordered and shown exclusively on Channel 4 in November 2002 . The celebrity version took a two year break before returning for its third season in 2005 , and became a regular staple alongside the regular British version . Starting with the third season , the show began to feature celebrities outside the United Kingdom alongside well known British celebrities . Many notable American celebrities have since taken part in the British version of Celebrity Big Brother . American actor Gary Busey took part in the fourteenth season in the summer of 2014 and became the first American celebrity to win Celebrity Big Brother in the United Kingdom . </P> <P> An American version of Celebrity Big Brother has been speculated since 2002 , along with a celebrity version of Survivor . In an interview , Julie Chen and CBS CEO Leslie Moonves revealed talks of a celebrity edition of Big Brother as far back as Big Brother 2 . It was rumored that CBS was looking to air a celebrity edition in the fall after Big Brother 3 with radio personality Howard Stern speculated as a possible houseguest . Chen revealed that Paris Hilton had agreed to do it and Roseanne Barr initially agreed to take part , but then backed out . Barr would later take part in another celebrity spin - off of Big Brother called Big Brother : Celebrity Hijack in the United Kingdom in 2008 , where she watched over a group of non-celebrity housemates for a day , set tasks and talked to them in the Diary Room . </P> <P> Julie Chen announced on September 7 , 2017 , during a live double eviction episode of Big Brother 19 that Celebrity Big Brother would air sometime during the winter , before the twentieth season of Big Brother in the summer of 2018 . CBS later confirmed via a press release that Julie Chen would return to host the new season , and Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan will be executive producers . The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America . </P> <P> On September 13 , 2017 , it was revealed by Chen that her husband , CBS chief executive Leslie Moonves , forced her to take a pay cut for the celebrity edition to happen . Moonves stated , `` You should n't be expected to be paid as if it 's a full series . It 's a condensed version . '' </P> <H2> Production </H2> <P> The format of the show remained similar to the American version of Big Brother . Competitions for Head of Household and Power of Veto had been confirmed to returned for this edition along with live evictions . On December 1 , 2017 , CBS revealed that the series would premiere on February 7 , 2018 and wrap on February 25 , 2018 . </P> <H3> Series changes </H3> <P> Celebrity Big Brother was a condensed version of the game and would not last as long as a regular season of Big Brother , with episodes only shown over two weeks instead of three months . Unlike the parent series Jury members were not sequestered separately and were allowed to return to the outside world as well as watch the show . Beginning with an incident that led to a lawsuit in Big Brother 2 when HouseGuest Justin Sebik got drunk and threatened fellow HouseGuest Krista Stegall by holding a knife to her throat and stating `` Wait , hang on , I 'm going to slash your throat . Would you get mad if I killed you now ? '' there has been an alcohol restriction in the house . The alcohol restriction was lifted for the Celebrity HouseGuests . For the celebrity version of America 's Favorite HouseGuest the term Favorite Celebrity HouseGuest was also being used interchangeably . For the first time since the beginning of the U.S. series , five players were featured in the season 's finale night versus the usual three . </P> <H3> Broadcasts </H3> <P> The main television coverage of Celebrity Big Brother was screened on CBS during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season . CBS decided to schedule the spin - off during the February 2018 sweeps period to counterprogram NBC 's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics . Episodes aired on Sundays , Mondays , Wednesdays , and Fridays with two special episodes on Thursday , February 8 and Saturday , February 24 . All episodes aired for one hour and aired from 8 : 00 - 9 : 00 p.m. EST ; the Friday episodes and the season finale , however , ran for two hours each ( from 8 : 00 - 10 : 00 p.m. EST ) . The live Internet feeds returned for the American version of Celebrity Big Brother as part of CBS All Access . Alongside the weekly shows on CBS , the companion series Big Brother : After Dark returned on Pop under the title Celebrity Big Brother : After Dark . The show provided live coverage nightly from inside the House . </P> International broadcasts <P> The series was screened in Canada on Global in simulcast with CBS . </P> <P> The celebrity series is also the first American Big Brother season to be screened in Australia. . The program aired on the Nine Network 's secondary channel ; 9Go ! from the 11th of February and air 5 times a week ( Sundays to Thursdays ) with Sunday and Thursday episodes set to air at 8 : 30pm and with other episodes set to air at 9 : 30pm . Additionally , episodes were made available to Australian viewers on Nine 's streaming service 9Now the shortly after the American airing of the show . However , low ratings saw the series bumped to a later timeslot on 9Go ! </P> <H3> Prize </H3> <P> The HouseGuests competed for the main grand prize of $250,000 . </P> <H2> HouseGuests </H2> Main article : List of Celebrity Big Brother houseguests ( U.S. ) The cast of Celebrity Big Brother L -- R : Metta World Peace , Brandi Glanville , Keshia Knight Pulliam , Ross Mathews , Shannon Elizabeth , Mark McGrath , Omarosa Manigault , James Maslow , Marissa Jaret Winokur , Ariadna Gutiérrez , and Chuck Liddell <P> The HouseGuests were revealed during a live pre-show of the 2018 Grammy Awards on January 28 , 2018 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Name </Th> <Th> Age </Th> <Th> Notoriety </Th> <Th> Residence </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ariadna Gutiérrez </Td> <Td> 24 </Td> <Td> Miss Colombia 2014 , runner - up in Miss Universe 2015 </Td> <Td> Miami , Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Brandi Glanville </Td> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> Former The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills star </Td> <Td> Los Angeles , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Chuck Liddell </Td> <Td> 48 </Td> <Td> Mixed martial artist , UFC Hall of Famer </Td> <Td> Calabasas , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> James Maslow </Td> <Td> 27 </Td> <Td> Big Time Rush singer and actor </Td> <Td> Venice , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Keshia Knight Pulliam </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> Former The Cosby Show actress </Td> <Td> Atlanta , Georgia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Marissa Jaret Winokur </Td> <Td> 45 </Td> <Td> Broadway actress </Td> <Td> Toluca Lake , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Mark McGrath </Td> <Td> 49 </Td> <Td> Singer and television host </Td> <Td> Studio City , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Metta World Peace </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> Former NBA player </Td> <Td> Los Angeles , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Omarosa Manigault </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Reality television star and former White House political aide </Td> <Td> Jacksonville , Florida </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Ross Mathews </Td> <Td> 38 </Td> <Td> Television host </Td> <Td> Palm Springs , California </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Shannon Elizabeth </Td> <Td> 44 </Td> <Td> Actress </Td> <Td> Cape Town , South Africa </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ Brandi Glanville previously participated on the twentieth season of Celebrity Big Brother in the United Kingdom , where she finished in 11th place . </Li> </Ol> <H2> Episodes </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th> No . overall </Th> <Th> No. in season </Th> <Th> Title </Th> <Th> Timeline </Th> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Th> US viewers ( millions ) </Th> <Th> Rating / share ( 18 - 49 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="13"> Week 1 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Episode 1 '' </Td> <Td> Day 1 </Td> <Td> February 7 , 2018 ( 2018 - 02 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> 7.27 </Td> <Td> 1.8 / 7 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="7"> <P> The eleven celebrities enter the new Celebrity Big Brother House after being sequestered from the public for a week . Prior to the first Head of Household competition Julie Chen informed the HouseGuests she was holding an envelope with a random number inside , all HouseGuests were instructed to stand on a number between 1 through 11 and the HouseGuest standing on the winning number would be awarded immunity for the week . Omarosa was standing on the number five which was the winning number and was safe from being nominated for eviction this week . </P> <Ul> <Li> Head of Household competition : ( Award Squeezin ' ) The HouseGuests are tasked with holding onto a life size spinning trophy elevated in the air without letting go or falling off for as long as possible . The last HouseGuest holding onto their trophy after everyone else was eliminated would win the challenge and become the first Celebrity Head of Household . </Li> </Ul> <P> During the competition several past Big Brother HouseGuests perform a Broadway - style musical number where Marissa is the first to fall off her trophy . James and Shannon become the last two in the competition after everyone else drops . Shannon wins the Head of Household competition after James falls off his trophy . Julie instructs the HouseGuests to grab a `` celebrity gift bag '' before going back inside the House and not to open them .

In the USA, Celebrity Big Brother is broadcast on

What channel is celebrity big brother on in the usa?

5200102147660112302

The Grapes of Wrath - wikipedia <H1> The Grapes of Wrath </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the novel . For other uses , see Grapes of Wrath ( disambiguation ) . <Table> The Grapes of Wrath <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> First edition cover </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> John Steinbeck </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cover artist </Th> <Td> Elmer Hader </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Novel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> The Viking Press - James Lloyd </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> April 14 , 1939 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Pages </Th> <Td> 464 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> OCLC </Th> <Td> 289946 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Dewey Decimal </Th> <Td> 813.52 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Grapes of Wrath is an American realist novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939 . The book won the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for fiction , and it was cited prominently when Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962 . </P> <P> Set during the Great Depression , the novel focuses on the Joads , a poor family of tenant farmers driven from their Oklahoma home by drought , economic hardship , agricultural industry changes , and bank foreclosures forcing tenant farmers out of work . Due to their nearly hopeless situation , and in part because they are trapped in the Dust Bowl , the Joads set out for California . Along with thousands of other `` Okies '' , they seek jobs , land , dignity , and a future . </P> <P> The Grapes of Wrath is frequently read in American high school and college literature classes due to its historical context and enduring legacy . A celebrated Hollywood film version , starring Henry Fonda and directed by John Ford , was released in 1940 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Characters </Li> <Li> 3 Religious Interpretation </Li> <Li> 4 Development <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Title </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Author 's note </Li> <Li> 6 Critical reception </Li> <Li> 7 Adaptations <Ul> <Li> 7.1 In film </Li> <Li> 7.2 In music </Li> <Li> 7.3 In theatre </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 See also </Li> <Li> 9 References <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Notes </Li> <Li> 9.2 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> The narrative begins just after Tom Joad is paroled from McAlester prison , where he had been imprisoned after being convicted of homicide . On his return to his home near Sallisaw , Oklahoma , Tom meets former preacher Jim Casy , whom he remembers from his childhood , and the two travel together . When they arrive at Tom 's childhood farm home , they find it deserted . Disconcerted and confused , Tom and Casy meet their old neighbor , Muley Graves , who tells them the family has gone to stay at Uncle John Joad 's home nearby . Graves tells them that the banks have evicted all the farmers , but he refuses to leave the area . </P> <P> The next morning , Tom and Casy go to Uncle John 's . Tom finds his family loading their remaining possessions into a Hudson Motor Car Company sedan converted to a truck ; with their crops destroyed by the Dust Bowl , the family has defaulted on their bank loans , and their farm has been repossessed . Consequently , the Joads see no option but to seek work in California , described in handbills as fruitful and offering high pay . </P> <P> The Joads put everything they have into making the journey . Although leaving Oklahoma would violate his parole , Tom decides it is worth the risk , and invites Casy to join him and his family . </P> <P> Traveling west on Route 66 , the Joad family find the road crowded with other migrants . In makeshift camps , they hear many stories from others , some returning from California , and the group worries about lessening prospects . The family dwindles as well : Grandpa dies along the road , and they bury him in a field ; Grandma dies close to the California state line ; and both Noah ( the eldest Joad son ) and Connie Rivers ( the husband of the pregnant Joad daughter , Rose of Sharon ) leave the family . Led by Ma , the remaining members realize they can only continue , as nothing is left for them in Oklahoma . </P> <P> Reaching California , they find the state oversupplied with labor ; wages are low , and workers are exploited to the point of starvation . The big corporate farmers are in collusion and smaller farmers suffer from collapsing prices . Weedpatch Camp , one of the clean , utility - supplied camps operated by the Resettlement Administration , a New Deal agency , offers better conditions but does not have enough resources to care for all the needy families . Nonetheless , as a Federal facility , the camp protects the migrants from harassment by California deputies . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` </Td> <Td> How can you frighten a man whose hunger is not only in his own cramped stomach but in the wretched bellies of his children ? You ca n't scare him -- he has known a fear beyond every other . </Td> <Td> '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> -- Chapter 19 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> In response to the exploitation , Casy becomes a labor organizer and tries to recruit for a labor union . The remaining Joads work as strikebreakers in a peach orchard , where Casy is involved in a strike that eventually turns violent . When Tom Joad witnesses Casy 's fatal beating , he kills the attacker and flees as a fugitive . The Joads later leave the orchard for a cotton farm , where Tom is at risk of being arrested for the homicide . </P> <P> Tom bids his mother farewell and promises to work for the oppressed . Rose of Sharon 's baby is stillborn . Ma Joad remains steadfast and forces the family through the bereavement . With rain , the Joads ' dwelling is flooded and they move to higher ground . In the final chapter of the book , the family takes shelter from the flood in an old barn . Inside they find a young boy and his father , who is dying of starvation . Rose of Sharon takes pity on the man and offers him her breast milk to save him from starvation . </P> <H2> Characters ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Tom Joad : Protagonist of the story ; the Joad family 's second son , named after his father . Later on , Tom takes leadership of the family even though he is young . </Li> <Li> Ma Joad : Matriarch . Practical and warm - spirited , she tries to hold the family together . Her given name is never learned ; it is suggested that her maiden name was Hazlett . </Li> <Li> Pa Joad : Patriarch , also named Tom , age 50 . Hardworking sharecropper and family man . Pa becomes a broken man upon losing his livelihood and means of supporting his family , forcing Ma to assume leadership . </Li> <Li> Uncle John Joad : Pa Joad 's older brother ( Tom describes him as `` a fella about 60 '' , but in narrative he is described as 50 ) . He felt guilty about the death of his young wife years before , and has been prone to binges involving alcohol and prostitutes , but is generous with his goods . </Li> <Li> Jim Casy : A former preacher who lost his faith . He is a Christ - like figure and is based on Ed Ricketts . </Li> <Li> Al Joad : The third youngest son , a `` smart - aleck sixteen - year - older '' who cares mainly for cars and girls ; he looks up to Tom , but begins to find his own way . </Li> <Li> Rose of Sharon Joad Rivers : Childish and dreamy teenage daughter ( 18 ) who develops into a mature woman . Pregnant in the beginning of the novel , she delivers a stillborn baby , perhaps due to malnutrition . </Li> <Li> Connie Rivers : Rose of Sharon 's husband . Nineteen years old and naïve , he is overwhelmed by marriage and impending fatherhood ; he abandons his wife shortly after they arrive in California . </Li> <Li> Noah Joad : The oldest son , he is the first to leave the family , planning to live off fishing on the Colorado River . Injured at birth and described as `` strange '' , he may have slight learning difficulties . </Li> <Li> Grampa Joad : Tom 's grandfather , who expresses his strong desire to stay in Oklahoma . His full name is given as William James Joad . Grampa is drugged by his family with `` soothin ' syrup '' to force him to leave , but he dies the first evening on the road . Casy attributes his death to a stroke but says that Grampa is `` jus ' stayin ' with the lan ' . He couldn ' leave it . '' </Li> <Li> Granma Joad : Grampa Joad 's religious wife ; she loses her will to live after his death . She dies while the family is crossing the Mojave Desert . </Li> <Li> Ruthie Joad : The youngest daughter , age twelve . She is shown to be reckless and childish . Quarreling with another child , she reveals Tom in hiding . </Li> <Li> Winfield Joad : The youngest male in the family , age ten , `` kid - wild and calfish '' . </Li> <Li> Jim Rawley : Manages the camp at Weedpatch , he shows the Joads surprising favor . </Li> <Li> Muley Graves : A neighbor of the Joads ' ; he is invited to come along to California with them but refuses . The family leave two of their dogs with him ; a third they take but it is killed by a car during their travels . </Li> <Li> Ivy and Sairy Wilson : Migrants from Kansas , they attend the death of Grampa and share the journey as far as the California state line . </Li> <Li> Mr. Wainwright : The father of Aggie Wainwright and husband of Mrs. Wainwright . Worries over his daughter Aggie . </Li> <Li> Mrs. Wainwright : Mother to Aggie Wainwright and wife to Mr. Wainwright . She helps Ma deliver Rose of Sharon 's baby . </Li> <Li> Aggie Wainwright : Sixteen - year - old daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Wainwright . Intends to marry Al . </Li> <Li> Floyd Knowles : The man at the Hooverville who urges Tom and Casy to join labor organizations . His agitation results in Casy 's being jailed . </Li> </Ul> <H2> Religious interpretation ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section relies largely or entirely on a single source . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page . Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources . ( April 2017 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Many scholars note Steinbeck for his many uses of Christian imagery within The Grapes of Wrath . The largest implications lie with Tom Joad and Jim Casy , who are both interpreted as Christ - like figures at certain intervals within the novel . These two are often interpreted together , with Jim Casy representing Jesus Christ in the early days of his ministry , up until his death , which is interpreted as representing the death of Christ . From there , Tom takes over , rising in Casy 's place as

The novel "The Grapes of Wrath" takes place in

Where does the grapes of wrath take place?

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Declaration of the rights of Man and of the Citizen - Wikipedia <H1> Declaration of the rights of Man and of the Citizen </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Painting of the Declaration , painted by Jean - Jacques - François Le Barbier </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> General Lafayette , ( sometimes with Thomas Jefferson ) and Honoré Mirabeau . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> Kingdom of France </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> French </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Human rights , declaration and document . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publisher </Th> <Td> National Constituent Assembly </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> 27 August 1789 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen ( French : Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen ) , passed by France 's National Constituent Assembly in August 1789 , is an important document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights . The Declaration was directly influenced by Thomas Jefferson , working with General Lafayette , who introduced it . Influenced also by the doctrine of `` natural right '' , the rights of man are held to be universal : valid at all times and in every place , pertaining to human nature itself . It became the basis for a nation of free individuals protected equally by the law . It is included in the beginning of the constitutions of both the Fourth French Republic ( 1946 ) and Fifth Republic ( 1958 ) and is still current . Inspired by the Enlightenment philosophers , the Declaration was a core statement of the values of the French Revolution and had a major impact on the development of freedom and democracy in Europe and worldwide . </P> <P> The Declaration , together with Magna Carta , the English Bill of Rights , and the United States Bill of Rights , inspired in large part the 1948 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History </Li> <Li> 2 Philosophical and theoretical context </Li> <Li> 3 Substance <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Articles </Li> <Li> 3.2 Active and passive citizenship </Li> <Li> 3.3 Women 's rights </Li> <Li> 3.4 Slavery </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Legacy <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Constitution of the French Fifth Republic </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 See also <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Other early declarations of rights </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Notes </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The content of the document emerged largely from the ideals of the Enlightenment . The key drafts were prepared by Lafayette , working at times with his close friend Thomas Jefferson . In August 1789 , Honoré Mirabeau played a central role in conceptualizing and drafting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen . </P> <P> The last article of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was adopted on 27 August 1789 by the National Constituent Assembly , during the period of the French Revolution , as the first step toward writing a constitution for France . Inspired by the Enlightenment , the original version of the Declaration was discussed by the representatives on the basis of a 24 article draft proposed by the sixth bureau , led by Jérôme Champion de Cicé . The draft was later modified during the debates . A second and lengthier declaration , known as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1793 , was written in 1793 but never formally adopted . </P> <H2> Philosophical and theoretical context ( edit ) </H2> <P> The concepts in the Declaration come from the philosophical and political duties of the Enlightenment , such as individualism , the social contract as theorized by the Genevan philosopher Rousseau , and the separation of powers espoused by the Baron de Montesquieu . As can be seen in the texts , the French declaration was heavily influenced by the political philosophy of the Enlightenment and principles of human rights as was the U.S. Declaration of Independence which preceded it ( 4 July 1776 ) . </P> <P> The declaration is in the spirit of `` secular natural law '' , which does not base itself on religious doctrine or authority , in contrast with traditional natural law theory , which does . </P> <P> The declaration defines a single set of individual and collective rights for all men . Influenced by the doctrine of natural rights , these rights are held to be universal and valid in all times and places . For example , `` Men are born and remain free and equal in rights . Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good . '' They have certain natural rights to property , to liberty , and to life . According to this theory , the role of government is to recognize and secure these rights . Furthermore , government should be carried on by elected representatives . </P> <P> At the time of writing , the rights contained in the declaration were only awarded to men . Furthermore , the declaration was a statement of vision rather than reality . The declaration was not deeply rooted in either the practice of the West or even France at the time . The declaration emerged in the late 18th century out of war and revolution . It encountered opposition as democracy and individual rights were frequently regarded as synonymous with anarchy and subversion . The declaration embodies ideals and aspirations towards which France pledged to struggle in the future . </P> <H2> Substance ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Declaration is introduced by a preamble describing the fundamental characteristics of the rights which are qualified as being `` natural , unalienable and sacred '' and consisting of `` simple and incontestable principles '' on which citizens could base their demands . In the second article , `` the natural and imprescriptible rights of man '' are defined as `` liberty , property , security and resistance to oppression '' . It called for the destruction of aristocratic privileges by proclaiming an end to feudalism and to exemptions from taxation , freedom and equal rights for all `` Men '' , and access to public office based on talent . The monarchy was restricted , and all citizens were to have the right to take part in the legislative process . Freedom of speech and press were declared , and arbitrary arrests outlawed . </P> <P> The Declaration also asserted the principles of popular sovereignty , in contrast to the divine right of kings that characterized the French monarchy , and social equality among citizens , `` All the citizens , being equal in the eyes of the law , are equally admissible to all public dignities , places , and employments , according to their capacity and without distinction other than that of their virtues and of their talents , '' eliminating the special rights of the nobility and clergy . </P> <H3> Articles ( edit ) </H3> <P> Article I -- Men are born and remain free and equal in rights . Social distinctions can be founded only on the common good . </P> <P> Article II -- The goal of any political association is the conservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man . These rights are liberty , property , safety and resistance against oppression . </P> <P> Article III -- The principle of any sovereignty resides essentially in the Nation . No body , no individual can exert authority which does not emanate expressly from it . </P> <P> Article IV -- Liberty consists of doing anything which does not harm others : thus , the exercise of the natural rights of each man has only those borders which assure other members of the society the fruition of these same rights . These borders can be determined only by the law . </P> <P> Article V -- The law has the right to forbid only actions harmful to society . Anything which is not forbidden by the law can not be impeded , and no one can be constrained to do what it does not order . </P> <P> Article VI -- The law is the expression of the general will . All the citizens have the right of contributing personally or through their representatives to its formation . It must be the same for all , either that it protects , or that it punishes . All the citizens , being equal in its eyes , are equally admissible to all public dignities , places , and employments , according to their capacity and without distinction other than that of their virtues and of their talents . </P> <P> Article VII -- No man can be accused , arrested nor detained but in the cases determined by the law , and according to the forms which it has prescribed . Those who solicit , dispatch , carry out or cause to be carried out arbitrary orders , must be punished ; but any citizen called or seized under the terms of the law must obey at once ; he renders himself culpable by resistance . </P> <P> Article VIII -- The law should establish only penalties that are strictly and evidently necessary , and no one can be punished but under a law established and promulgated before the offense and legally applied . </P> <P> Article IX -- Any man being presumed innocent until he is declared culpable if it is judged indispensable to arrest him , any rigor which would not be necessary for the securing of his person must be severely reprimanded by the law . </P> <P> Article X -- No one may be disturbed for his opinions , even religious ones , provided that their manifestation does not trouble the public order established by the law . </P> <P> Article XI -- The free communication of thoughts and of opinions is one of the most precious rights of man : any citizen thus may speak , write , print freely , except to respond to the abuse of this liberty , in the cases determined by the law . </P> <P> Article XII -- The guarantee of the rights of man and of the citizen necessitates a public force : this force is thus instituted for the advantage of all and not for the particular utility of those in whom it is trusted . </P> <P> Article XIII -- For the maintenance of the public force and for the expenditures of administration , a common contribution is indispensable ; it must be equally distributed to all the citizens , according to their ability to pay . </P> <P> Article XIV -- Each citizen has the right to ascertain , by himself or through his representatives , the need for a public tax , to consent to it freely , to know the uses to which it is put , and of determining the proportion , basis , collection , and duration . </P> <P> Article XV -- The society has the right of requesting an account from any public agent of its administration . </P> <P> Article XVI -- Any society in which the guarantee of rights is not assured , nor the separation of powers determined , has no Constitution . </P> <P> Article XVII -- Property being an inviolable and sacred right , no one can be deprived of private usage , if it is not when the public necessity , legally noted , evidently requires it , and under the condition of a just and prior indemnity . </P> <H3> Active and passive citizenship ( edit ) </H3> <P> While the French Revolution provided rights to a larger portion of the population , there remained a distinction between those who obtained the political rights

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was written by General Lafayette, sometimes in collaboration with Thomas Jefferson, and

Who wrote the declaration of man and citizen?

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</Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Thanksgiving Day standings <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Notable appearance droughts </Li> <Li> 3.2 Thanksgiving Day records of defunct teams </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Game MVPs <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Turkey Leg Award ( CBS & FOX ) </Li> <Li> 4.2 Galloping Gobbler / Game Ball ( FOX ) </Li> <Li> 4.3 All - Iron Award ( CBS ) </Li> <Li> 4.4 Prime time games ( NFLN & NBC ) </Li> <Li> 4.5 Complete list </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Broadcasting </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References <Ul> <Li> 7.1 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> The concept of American football games being played on Thanksgiving Day dates back to 1876 , shortly after the game had been invented , as it was a day that most people had off from work . In that year , the college football teams at Yale and Princeton began an annual tradition of playing each other on Thanksgiving Day . The University of Michigan also made it a tradition to play annual Thanksgiving games , holding 19 such games from 1885 to 1905 . The Thanksgiving Day games between Michigan and the Chicago Maroons in the 1890s have been cited as `` The Beginning of Thanksgiving Day Football . '' In some areas , high - school teams play on Thanksgiving , usually to wrap - up the regular - season . </P> <P> By the time football had become a professional event , playing on Thanksgiving had already become an institution . Records of pro football being played on Thanksgiving date back to as early as the 1890s , with the first pro -- am team , the Allegheny Athletic Association of Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . In 1902 , the `` National '' Football League , a Major League Baseball - backed organization based entirely in Pennsylvania and unrelated to the current NFL , attempted to settle its championship over Thanksgiving weekend ; after the game ended in a tie , eventually all three teams in the league claimed to have won the title . Members of the Ohio League , during its early years , usually placed their marquee matchups on Thanksgiving Day . For instance , in 1905 and 1906 the Latrobe Athletic Association and Canton Bulldogs , considered at the time to be two of the best teams in professional football ( along with the Massillon Tigers ) , played on Thanksgiving . A rigging scandal with the Tigers leading up to the 1906 game led to severe drops in attendance for the Bulldogs and ultimately led to their suspension of operations . During the 1910s , the Ohio League stopped holding Thanksgiving games because many of its players coached high school teams and were unavailable . This was not the case in other regional circuits : in 1919 , the New York Pro Football League featured a Thanksgiving matchup between the Buffalo Prospects and the Rochester Jeffersons . The game ended in a scoreless tie , leading to a rematch the next Sunday for the league championship . </P> <P> Several other NFL teams played regularly on Thanksgiving in the first eighteen years of the league , including the Chicago Bears and Chicago Cardinals ( 1922 -- 33 ; the Bears played the Lions from 1934 to 1938 while the Cardinals switched to the Green Bay Packers for 1934 and 1935 ) , Frankford Yellow Jackets , Pottsville Maroons , Buffalo All - Americans , Canton Bulldogs ( even after the team moved to Cleveland they played the 1924 Thanksgiving game in Canton ) , and the New York Giants ( 1929 -- 38 , who always played a crosstown rival ) . The first owner of the Lions , George A. Richards , started the tradition of the Thanksgiving Day game as a gimmick to get people to go to Lions football games , and to continue a tradition begun by the city 's previous NFL teams . What differentiated the Lions ' efforts from other teams that played on the holiday was that Richards owned radio station WJR , a major affiliate of the NBC Blue Network ; he was able to negotiate an agreement with NBC to carry his Thanksgiving games live across the network . </P> <P> During the Franksgiving controversy in 1939 and 1940 , the only two teams to play the game were the Pittsburgh Steelers and Philadelphia Eagles , as both teams were in the same state ( Pennsylvania ) . ( At the time , then - president Franklin Roosevelt wanted to move the holiday for economic reasons and many states were resistant to the move ; half the states recognized the move and the other half did not . This complicated scheduling for Thanksgiving games . Incidentally , the two teams were also exploring the possibility of a merger at the time . ) Because of the looming World War II and the resulting shorter seasons , the NFL did not schedule any Thanksgiving games in 1941 , nor did it schedule any in the subsequent years until the war ended in 1945 . When the Thanksgiving games resumed in 1945 , only the Lions ' annual home game would remain on the Thanksgiving holiday . In 1951 , the Packers began a thirteen - season run as the perpetual opponent to the Lions each year through 1963 . </P> <P> The All - America Football Conference and American Football League , both of which would later be absorbed into the NFL , also held Thanksgiving contests , although neither of those leagues had permanent hosts . Likewise , the AFL of 1926 also played two Thanksgiving games in its lone season of existence , while the AFL of 1936 hosted one in its first season , which featured the Cleveland Rams , a future NFL team , and the 1940 -- 41 incarnation of the American Football League played two games in 1940 on the earlier `` Franksgiving '' date . </P> <P> In 1966 , the Dallas Cowboys , who had been founded six years earlier , adopted the practice of hosting Thanksgiving games . It is widely rumored that the Cowboys sought a guarantee that they would regularly host Thanksgiving games as a condition of their very first one ( since games on days other than Sunday were uncommon at the time and thus high attendance was not a certainty ) . This is only partly true ; Dallas had in fact decided to host games on Thanksgiving by their own decision because there was nothing else to do or watch on that day . In 1975 and 1977 , at the behest of then - Commissioner Pete Rozelle , the St. Louis Cardinals replaced Dallas as a host team ( Dallas then hosted St. Louis in 1976 ) . Although the Cardinals , at the time known as the `` Cardiac Cards '' due to their propensity for winning very close games , were a modest success at the time , they were nowhere near as popular nationwide as the Cowboys , who were regular Super Bowl contenders during this era . This , combined with St. Louis 's consistently weak attendance , a series of ugly Cardinals losses in the three - game stretch , and opposition from the Kirkwood -- Webster Groves Turkey Day Game ( a local high school football contest ) led to Dallas resuming regular hosting duties in 1978 ; it was then , after Rozelle asked Dallas to resume hosting Thanksgiving games , that the Cowboys requested ( and received ) an agreement guaranteeing the Cowboys a spot on Thanksgiving Day forever . </P> <P> Notwithstanding the aforementioned St. Louis - hosted games in 1975 and 1977 , the two `` traditional '' Thanksgiving Day pro football games since the 1970 AFL -- NFL merger have then been in Detroit and Dallas . Because of TV network commitments in place through the 2013 season , to make sure that both the AFC - carrying network ( NBC from the 1970 merger to 1997 , and CBS since 1998 ) and the NFC - carrying network ( CBS from the 1970 merger to 1993 , and Fox since 1994 ) got at least one game each , one of these games was between NFC opponents , and one featured AFC - NFC opponents . Thus , the AFC could showcase only one team on Thanksgiving , and the AFC team was always the visiting team . </P> <P> Since 2006 , a third NFL game on Thanksgiving has been played at night . It originally aired on the NFL Network as part of its Thursday Night Football package until 2011 ; NBC began carrying the night game in 2012 . The Thanksgiving night game has no fixed opponents or conferences , enabling the league to freely choose whatever marquee match - up to feature on that night . The 2012 changes also allowed both Dallas and Detroit in the future to offer NFC games ( one would be played at night ) , and CBS can offer a game with two AFC teams . In 2014 , the NFL added the cross-flex rule , allowing CBS to televise NFC away games , and Fox to broadcast AFC away games , under select circumstances on Sunday afternoons ; however , this did not cover the Thanksgiving contests . CBS also signed a separate contract to carry Thursday Night Football from the 2014 season onward , which allowed that network to carry games from either conference on Thursdays ; from that year through 2016 , CBS carried all - NFC contests every year on Thanksgiving , and in 2014 and 2015 , no AFC teams played in any of the Thanksgiving games . </P> <P> The NFL 's flexible scheduling rule currently does not apply for Thanksgiving games ; however , the NFL in theory could in the future apply the rule to change start times and networks for the three games . </P> <H3> Throwback uniforms ( edit ) </H3> <P> Since 2001 teams playing on Thanksgiving have worn throwback uniforms on numerous occasions . In some years ( namely 2002 ) , it extended to nearly all games of the weekend , and in some cases also involved classic field logos at the respective stadiums . </P> <P> In 2001 -- 2004 , and again in 2008 , 2010 , and 2017 the Detroit Lions have worn throwback uniforms based on their very early years . </P> <P> From 2001 to 2003 , Dallas chose to represent the 1990s Cowboys dynasty by wearing the navy `` Double - Star '' jersey not seen since 1995 . In 2004 , the team wore uniforms not seen since 1963 . In 2009 , to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the AFL , both Dallas and Oakland played in a `` AFL Legacy Game . '' In 2013 , the Cowboys intended to wear their 1960s throwbacks , but chose not to do so after the NFL adopted a new policy requiring players and teams to utilize only one helmet a season to address the league 's new concussion protocol ; rather than sport an incomplete throwback look , the Cowboys instead wore their standard blue jerseys at home for the first time since 1963 . In 2015 , the Cowboys resurrected their 1994 white `` Double - Star '' jerseys only this time wore them with white pants as part of the league 's `` Color Rush '' , a trial run of specially - designed , monochromatic jerseys to be worn during Thursday games . </P> <H3> Memorable games ( edit ) </H3> <Ul> <Li> 1920 : An urban legend states that the Chicago Tigers and Decatur Staleys challenged each other to a Thanksgiving duel , in Chicago , in the league 's inaugural season , with the loser being relegated out of the league at the end of the season , purportedly explaining why the Tigers were the only NFL team to fold after the 1920 season ( no other

The Dallas Cowboys started playing on Thanksgiving Day in

When did the cowboys start playing on thanksgiving day?

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The Art of War - wikipedia <H1> The Art of War </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see The Art of War ( disambiguation ) . <Table> The Art of War <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Author </Th> <Td> ( trad . ) Sun Tzu </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> China </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> Chinese </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subject </Th> <Td> Military strategy and tactics </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Publication date </Th> <Td> 5th century BC </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Text </Th> <Td> The Art of War at Wikisource </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The Art of War </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Traditional Chinese </Th> <Td> 孫子 兵法 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Simplified Chinese </Th> <Td> 孙子 兵法 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Literal meaning </Th> <Td> `` Master Sun 's Military Methods '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( show ) Transcriptions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Standard Mandarin </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hanyu Pinyin </Th> <Td> Sūnzǐ bīngfǎ </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Wade -- Giles </Th> <Td> Sun - tzŭ ping - fa </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> IPA </Th> <Td> ( swə́ntsɨ̀ píŋfà ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Wu </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Romanization </Th> <Td> Sen - tsy pin - fah </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Yue : Cantonese </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Yale Romanization </Th> <Td> Syūn jí bīng faat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> IPA </Th> <Td> ( sýːntsǐː péŋfāːt̚ ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Jyutping </Th> <Td> Syun - zi bing - faat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Southern Min </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Tâi - lô </Th> <Td> Sun - tzú ping - huat </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Old Chinese </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Baxter -- Sagart ( 2014 ) </Th> <Td> * ( s ) ʕu ( n ) tsəʔ praŋ ( p.k ) ap </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Chinese military texts </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Seven Military Classics ( show ) <Ul> <Li> The Art of War </Li> <Li> Wuzi </Li> <Li> The Methods of the Sima </Li> <Li> Six Secret Teachings </Li> <Li> Wei Liaozi </Li> <Li> Three Strategies of Huang Shigong </Li> <Li> Questions and Replies </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Other texts ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Sun Bin 's Art of War </Li> <Li> Thirty - Six Stratagems </Li> <Li> Wujing Zongyao </Li> <Li> Huolongjing </Li> <Li> Jixiao Xinshu </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the Spring and Autumn period in 5th century BC . The work , which is attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu ( `` Master Sun '' , also spelled Sunzi ) , is composed of 13 chapters . Each one is devoted to a distinct aspect of warfare and how that applies to military strategy and tactics . For almost 1,500 years it was the lead text in an anthology that would be formalised as the Seven Military Classics by Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1080 . The Art of War remains the most influential strategy text in East Asia . It has a profound influence on Eastern and Western military thinking , business tactics , legal strategy and beyond . </P> <P> The book was first translated and published into French in 1772 ( re-published in 1782 ) by the Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot and a partial translation into English was attempted by British officer Everard Ferguson Calthrop in 1905 under the title The Book of War . The first annotated English translation was completed and published by Lionel Giles in 1910 . Numerous military and political leaders such as Mao Zedong , Võ Nguyên Giáp , and Norman Schwarzkopf , Jr. have drawn inspiration from the work . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Text and commentaries </Li> <Li> 1.2 Authorship </Li> <Li> 1.3 Yinqueshan tomb discovery </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 The 13 chapters </Li> <Li> 3 Chapter summary </Li> <Li> 4 Quotations <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Chinese </Li> <Li> 4.2 English </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Military and intelligence applications </Li> <Li> 6 Application outside the military </Li> <Li> 7 Notable translations </Li> <Li> 8 See also <Ul> <Li> 8.1 Concepts </Li> <Li> 8.2 Books </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 9 References <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Text and commentaries ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Art of War is traditionally attributed to a military general from the late 6th century BC known as `` Master Sun '' ( Sunzi or Sun Tzu ) , though its earliest parts probably date to at least 100 years later . Sima Qian 's 1st century BC work Records of the Grand Historian ( Shiji ) , the first of China 's 24 dynastic histories , records an early Chinese tradition stating that a text on military matters was written by a `` Sun Wu '' from the State of Qi , and that this text had been read and studied by King Helü of Wu ( r . 514 -- 495 BC ) . This text was traditionally identified with the received Master Sun 's Art of War . The conventional view , which is still widely held in China , was that Sun Wu was a military theorist from the end of the Spring and Autumn period ( 776 -- 471 BC ) who fled his home state of Qi to the southeastern kingdom of Wu , where he is said to have impressed the king with his ability to train even dainty palace ladies in warfare and to have made Wu 's armies powerful enough to challenge their western rivals in the state of Chu . </P> <P> The prominent strategist , poet , and warlord Cao Cao in the early 3rd century AD authored the earliest known commentary to the Art of War . Cao 's preface makes clear that he edited the text and removed certain passages , but the extent of his changes were unclear historically . The Art of War appears throughout the bibliographical catalogs of the Chinese dynastic histories , but listings of its divisions and size varied widely . In the early 20th century , the Chinese writer and reformer Liang Qichao , theorized that the text was actually written in the 4th century BC by Sunzi 's purported descendant Sun Bin , as a number of historical sources mention a military treatise he wrote . </P> <H3> Authorship ( edit ) </H3> <P> Around the 12th century , some scholars began to doubt the historical existence of Sunzi , primarily on the grounds that he is not mentioned in the historical classic The Commentary of Zuo ( Zuo zhuan 左 傳 ) , which mentions most of the notable figures from the Spring and Autumn period . The name `` Sun Wu '' ( 孫武 ) does not appear in any text prior to the Records of the Grand Historian , and has been suspected to be a made - up descriptive cognomen meaning `` the fugitive warrior '' : the surname `` Sun '' is glossed as the related term `` fugitive '' ( xùn 遜 ) , while `` Wu '' is the ancient Chinese virtue of `` martial , valiant '' ( wǔ 武 ) , which corresponds to Sunzi 's role as the hero 's doppelgänger in the story of Wu Zixu . Unlike Sun Wu , Sun Bin appears to have been an actual person who was a genuine authority on military matters , and may have been the inspiration for the creation of the historical figure `` Sunzi '' through a form of euhemerism . </P> <H3> Yinqueshan tomb discovery ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1972 , the Yinqueshan Han slips were discovered in two Han dynasty ( 206 BC -- AD 220 ) tombs near the city of Linyi in Shandong Province . Among the many bamboo slip writings contained in the tombs , which had been sealed around 134 and 118 BC , respectively were two separate texts , one attributed to `` Sunzi '' , corresponding to the received text , and another attributed to Sun Bin , which explains and expands upon the earlier The Art of War by Sunzi . The Sun Bin text 's material overlaps with much of the `` Sunzi '' text , and the two may be `` a single , continuously developing intellectual tradition united under the Sun name '' . This discovery showed that much of the historical confusion was due to the fact that there were two texts that could have been referred to as `` Master Sun 's Art of War '' , not one . The content of the earlier text is about one - third of the chapters of the modern The Art of War , and their text matches very closely . It is now generally accepted that the earlier The Art of War was completed sometime between 500 and 450 BC . </P> <H2> The 13 chapters ( edit ) </H2> <P> The Art of War is divided into 13 chapters ( or piān ) ; the collection is referred to as being one zhuàn ( `` whole '' or alternatively `` chronicle '' ) . </P> <Table> The Art of War chapter names in translations by Giles , Wing , Sawyer , and Chow - Hou <Tr> <Th> Chapter </Th> <Th> Lionel Giles ( 1910 ) </Th> <Th> R.L. Wing ( 1988 ) </Th> <Th> Ralph D. Sawyer ( 1996 ) </Th> <Th> Chow - Hou Wee ( 2003 ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Laying Plans </Td> <Td> The Calculations </Td> <Td> Initial Estimations </Td> <Td> Detail Assessment and Planning ( Chinese : 始 計 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> II </Td> <Td> Waging War </Td> <Td> The Challenge </Td> <Td> Waging War </Td> <Td> Waging War ( Chinese : 作戰 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> III </Td> <Td> Attack by Stratagem </Td> <Td> The Plan of Attack </Td> <Td> Planning Offensives </Td> <Td> Strategic Attack ( Chinese : 謀 攻 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> IV </Td> <Td> Tactical Dispositions </Td> <Td> Positioning </Td> <Td> Military Disposition </Td> <Td> Disposition of the Army ( Chinese : 軍 形 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> V </Td> <Td> Use of Energy </Td> <Td> Directing </Td> <Td> Strategic Military Power </Td> <Td> Forces ( Chinese : 兵 勢 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> VI </Td> <Td> Weak Points and Strong </Td> <Td> Illusion and Reality </Td> <Td> Vacuity and Substance </Td> <Td> Weaknesses and Strengths ( Chinese : 虛實 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> VII </Td> <Td> Maneuvering an Army </Td> <Td> Engaging The Force </Td> <Td> Military Combat </Td> <Td> Military Maneuvers ( Chinese : 軍 爭 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> VIII </Td> <Td> Variation of Tactics </Td> <Td> The Nine Variations </Td> <Td> Nine Changes </Td> <Td> Variations and Adaptability ( Chinese : 九 變 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> IX </Td> <Td> The Army on the March </Td> <Td> Moving The Force </Td> <Td> Maneuvering the Army </Td> <Td> Movement and Development of Troops ( Chinese : 行軍 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> X </Td> <Td> Classification of Terrain </Td> <Td> Situational Positioning </Td> <Td> Configurations of Terrain </Td> <Td> Terrain ( Chinese : 地形 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> XI </Td> <Td> The Nine Situations </Td> <Td> The Nine Situations </Td> <Td> Nine Terrains </Td> <Td> The Nine Battlegrounds ( Chinese : 九 地 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> XII </Td> <Td> Attack by Fire </Td> <Td> The Fiery Attack </Td> <Td> Incendiary Attacks </Td> <Td> Attacking with Fire ( Chinese : 火 攻 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> XIII </Td> <Td> Use of Spies </Td> <Td> The Use of Intelligence </Td> <Td> Employing Spies </Td> <Td> Intelligence and Espionage ( Chinese : 用 間 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Chapter

The author of "The Art of War" was

Who was the author of the art of war?

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Sinai Peninsula - wikipedia <H1> Sinai Peninsula </H1> Jump to : navigation , search `` Sinai '' redirects here . For other uses , see Sinai ( disambiguation ) . Relief map of the Sinai Peninsula <P> The Sinai Peninsula or simply Sinai ( / ˈsaɪnaɪ / ; Arabic : سيناء ‎ Sīnāʼ ; Egyptian Arabic : سينا ‎ Sīna , IPA : ( ˈsiːnæ ) ; Hebrew : סיני ‎ Sinai ; Coptic : ⲥⲓⲛⲁ ) is a peninsula in Egypt , the only part of the country located in Asia . It is situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south , and is a land bridge between Asia and Africa . Sinai has a land area of about 60,000 km ( 23,000 sq mi ) and a population of approximately 1,400,000 people . Administratively , the Sinai Peninsula is divided into two governorates : the South Sinai Governorate and the North Sinai Governorate . Three other governorates span the Suez Canal , crossing into African Egypt : Suez Governorate on the southern end of the Suez Canal , Ismailia Governorate in the center , and Port Said Governorate in the north . </P> <P> The Sinai Peninsula has been a part of Egypt from the First Dynasty of ancient Egypt ( c. 3100 BC ) . This comes in stark contrast to the region north of it , the Levant ( present - day territories of Syria , Lebanon , Jordan , Israel and Palestine ) , which , due largely to its strategic geopolitical location and cultural convergences , has historically been the centre of conflict between Egypt and various states of Mesopotamia and Asia Minor . In periods of foreign occupation , the Sinai was , like the rest of Egypt , also occupied and controlled by foreign empires , in more recent history the Ottoman Empire ( 1517 -- 1867 ) and the United Kingdom ( 1882 -- 1956 ) . Israel invaded and occupied Sinai during the Suez Crisis ( known in Egypt as the Tripartite Aggression due to the simultaneous coordinated attack by the UK , France and Israel ) of 1956 , and during the Six - Day War of 1967 . On 6 October 1973 , Egypt launched the Yom Kippur War to retake the peninsula , which was the site of fierce fighting between Egyptian and Israeli forces . By 1982 , as a result of the Israel -- Egypt Peace Treaty of 1979 , Israel had withdrawn from all of the Sinai Peninsula except the contentious territory of Taba , which was returned after a ruling by a commission of arbitration in 1989 . </P> <P> Today , Sinai has become a tourist destination due to its natural setting , rich coral reefs , and biblical history . Mount Sinai is one of the most religiously significant places in the Abrahamic faiths . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Name </Li> <Li> 2 Geography <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Climate </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 History <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Ancient Egypt </Li> <Li> 3.2 Assyrian Period </Li> <Li> 3.3 Achaemenid Persian Period </Li> <Li> 3.4 Hellenistic Period </Li> <Li> 3.5 Roman and Byzantine Periods </Li> <Li> 3.6 Early Muslim Period </Li> <Li> 3.7 Ayyubid Period </Li> <Li> 3.8 Mamluk and Ottoman Periods </Li> <Li> 3.9 British control </Li> <Li> 3.10 Wars with Israel ( 1948 , 56 , 67 , 67 -- 70 , 73 ) </Li> <Li> 3.11 1979 Peace Treaty with Israel and aftermath </Li> <Li> 3.12 Early 21st Century security issues </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Demographics </Li> <Li> 5 Economy </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 Further reading </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Name ( edit ) </H2> Mount Sinai ( Gabal Musa ) <P> The name Sinai may have been derived from the ancient moon - god Sin or from the Hebrew word Seneh ( Hebrew : סֶ֫נֶּה ‎ Senneh ) The peninsula acquired the name due to the assumption that a mountain near Saint Catherine 's Monastery is the Biblical Mount Sinai . However this assumption is contested . </P> <P> In addition to its formal name , Egyptians also refer to it as Arḍ ul - Fairūz ( أرض الفيروز `` the land of turquoise '' ) . The ancient Egyptians called it Ta Mefkat , or `` land of turquoise '' . </P> <H2> Geography ( edit ) </H2> Image from Gemini 11 spacecraft , featuring part of Egypt and the Sinai Peninsula in the foreground and the Levant in the background <P> Sinai is triangular in shape , with northern shore lying on the southern Mediterranean Sea , and southwest and southeast shores on Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba of the Red Sea . It is linked to the African continent by the Isthmus of Suez , 125 kilometres ( 78 mi ) wide strip of land , containing the Suez Canal . The eastern isthmus , linking it to the Asian mainland , is around 200 kilometres ( 120 mi ) wide . The peninsula 's eastern shore separates the Arabian plate from the African plate . </P> <P> The southernmost tip is the Ras Muhammad National Park . </P> <P> Most of the Sinai Peninsula is divided among the two governorates of Egypt : South Sinai ( Ganub Sina ) and North Sinai ( Shamal Sina ) . Together , they comprise around 60,000 square kilometres ( 23,000 sq mi ) and have a population ( January 2013 ) of 597,000 . Three more governates span the Suez Canal , crossing into African Egypt : Suez ( el - Sewais ) is on the southern end of the Suez Canal , Ismailia ( el - Isma'ileyyah ) in the centre , and Port Said in the north . </P> <P> The largest city of Sinai is Arish , capital of the North Sinai , with around 160,000 residents . Other larger settlements include Sharm el - Sheikh and El - Tor , on the southern coast . Inland Sinai is arid , mountainous and sparsely populated , the largest settlements being Saint Catherine and Nekhel . </P> <H3> Climate ( edit ) </H3> <P> Sinai is one of the coldest provinces in Egypt because of its high altitudes and mountainous topographies . Winter temperatures in some of Sinai 's cities and towns reach − 16 ° C ( 3 ° F ) . </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( March 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Sinai Peninsula in hieroglyphs </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Biau Bj3w `` Mining country '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> </Th> </Tr> </Table> <H3> Ancient Egypt ( edit ) </H3> <P> Sinai was called Mafkat or `` country of turquoise '' by the ancient Egyptians From the time of the First Dynasty or before , the Egyptians mined turquoise in Sinai at two locations , now called by their Egyptian Arabic names Wadi Magharah and Serabit El Khadim . The mines were worked intermittently and on a seasonal basis for thousands of years . Modern attempts to exploit the deposits have been unprofitable . These may be the first historically attested mines . </P> <H3> Assyrian Period ( edit ) </H3> <H3> Achaemenid Persian period ( edit ) </H3> <P> At the end of the time of Darius I , the Great ( 521 -- 486 BCE ) Sinai was part of the Persian province of Abar - Nahra , which means `` beyond the river ( Euphrates ) . </P> <P> Cambyses successfully managed the crossing of the hostile Sinai Desert , traditionally Egypt 's first and strongest line of defence , and brought the Egyptians under Psamtik III , son and successor of Ahmose , to battle at Pelusium . The Egyptians lost and retired to Memphis ; the city fell to the Persian control and the Pharaoh was carried off in captivity to Susa in mainland Persia . </P> <H3> Hellenistic Period ( edit ) </H3> <H3> Roman and byzantine periods ( edit ) </H3> St. Catherine 's Monastery is the oldest working Christian monastery in the world and the most popular tourist attraction on the peninsula . <P> After the death of the last Nabatean king , Rabbel II Soter , in 106 , the Roman emperor Trajan faced practically no resistance and conquered the kingdom on 22 March 106 . With this conquest , the Roman Empire went on to control all shores of the Mediterranean Sea . The Sinai Peninsula became part of the Roman province of Arabia Petraea . </P> <P> Saint Catherine 's Monastery on the foot of Mount Sinai was constructed by order of the Emperor Justinian between 527 and 565 . Most of the Sinai Peninsula became part of the province of Palaestina Salutaris in the 6th century . </P> <H3> Early Muslim Period ( edit ) </H3> <H3> Ayyubid period ( edit ) </H3> <P> During the Crusades it was under control of Fatimid Caliphate . Later , Saladin abolished the Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt and took this region under his control too . It was the military route from Cairo to Damascus during the Crusades . </P> <H3> Mamluk and Ottoman periods ( edit ) </H3> <P> The peninsula was governed as part of Egypt under the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt from 1260 until 1517 , when the Ottoman Sultan , Selim the Grim , defeated the Egyptians at the Battles of Marj Dabiq and al - Raydaniyya , and incorporated Egypt into the Ottoman Empire . From then until 1906 , Sinai was administered by the Ottoman provincial government of the Pashalik of Egypt , even following the establishment of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty 's rule over the rest of Egypt in 1805 . </P> The wilderness of Sinai , 1862 <H3> British control ( edit ) </H3> <P> In 1906 , the Ottoman Porte formally transferred administration of Sinai to the Egyptian government , which essentially meant that it fell under the control of the United Kingdom , who had occupied and largely controlled Egypt since 1882 . The border imposed by the British runs in an almost straight line from Rafah on the Mediterranean shore to Taba on the Gulf of Aqaba . This line has served as the eastern border of Egypt ever since . </P> <H3> Wars with Israel ( 1948 , 56 , 67 , 67 -- 70 , 73 ) ( edit ) </H3> Canadian and Panamanian UNEF UN peacekeepers in Sinai , 1974 <P> At the beginning of the 1948 Arab -- Israeli War , Egyptian forces entered the former British Mandate of Palestine from Sinai to support Palestinian and other Arab forces against the newly declared State of Israel . For a period during the war , Israeli forces entered the north - eastern corner of Sinai . With the exception of Palestine 's Gaza Strip , which came under the administration of the All - Palestine Government , the western frontier of the former Mandate of Palestine became the Egyptian -- Israeli frontier under the 1949 Armistice Agreement . In 1958 , the Gaza Strip came under direct Egyptian military administration , though it was governed separately from Sinai , and was never annexed by Egypt . The Egyptian government maintained that Egyptian administration would be terminated upon the end of the conflict with Israel . </P> <P> In 1956 , Egypt nationalised the Suez Canal , a waterway marking the boundary between Egyptian territory in Africa and the Sinai Peninsula . Thereafter , Israeli

The Sinai Peninsula is located on a map

Where is sinai peninsula located on a map?

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USS Enterprise ( NCC - 1701 ) - wikipedia <H1> USS Enterprise ( NCC - 1701 ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other versions of the fictional ship , see Starship Enterprise . <Table> USS Enterprise <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> USS Enterprise </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> `` The Cage '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Affiliation </Th> <Td> United Federation of Planets </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Launched </Th> <Td> 2245 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> General characteristics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Class </Th> <Td> Constitution </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Registry </Th> <Td> NCC - 1701 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Auxiliary craft </Th> <Td> 7 × 7 man shuttlecraft </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Armaments </Th> <Td> 2 x electromagnetic launch Photon Torpedo tube 3 x Twin Phaser bank </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Defenses </Th> <Td> Multiple Force Field Deflector Grids </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Propulsion </Th> <Td> 4 x dual Impulse Power Units 2 x Space Warp Propulsion Units </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Power </Th> <Td> Dilithium - focused matter / anti-matter reaction chamber </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 288.646 metres ( 947.00 ft ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> USS Enterprise ( NCC - 1701 ) is a fictional starship in the fictional Star Trek universe that serves as both the main setting of the original Star Trek television series , as well as the primary transportation method for the show 's characters . The Enterprise has been depicted in four network television series , six feature films , many books , and much fan - created media . The original Star Trek series ( 1966 -- 1969 ) features a voice - over by Enterprise captain , James T. Kirk ( William Shatner ) , which describes the mission of the Enterprise as `` to explore strange new worlds ; to seek out new life and new civilizations ; to boldly go where no man has gone before '' . </P> <P> The Enterprise is a Constitution class Heavy Cruiser that serves as a part of Starfleet , which is the United Federation of Planets ' space - borne peace - keeping force . It is capable of Interstellar travel and serves intermittently as both a patrol craft and as a deep - space exploration vessel . The ship 's components were built at the Starfleet Division of the San Francisco Navy Yards and assembled in orbit . </P> <P> The NCC - 1701 appears in the first three Star Trek films in a refitted configuration . The original starship was destroyed in Star Trek III : The Search for Spock and from then on was replaced with an identical starship , the NCC - 1701 - A . </P> <P> The 2009 Star Trek film , which takes place in an alternate timeline , features a re-conceptualization of the original Enterprise . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Origin and design <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Original configuration </Li> <Li> 1.2 Refit configuration </Li> <Li> 1.3 2009 reboot </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Depiction </Li> <Li> 3 Scientific and cultural impact <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Science </Li> <Li> 3.2 Culture </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Minutiae </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Origin and design ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Original configuration ( edit ) </H3> The 11 - foot ( 3.4 m ) model donated by Paramount to the Smithsonian in 1974 <P> Star Trek art director Matt Jefferies was the primary designer of the original Starship Enterprise . Jefferies ' experience with aviation led to his Enterprise designs being imbued with what he called `` aircraft logic '' . The final interior plans of the Enterprise were designed by Franz Joseph in 1974 , with approval from both Gene Roddenberry and Paramount Pictures , six years after Star Trek had been cancelled . The plans heavily referenced both episodes of Star Trek and Matt Jefferies ' design . </P> <P> The ship 's `` NCC - 1701 '' registry number stemmed from `` NC '' being one of the international aircraft registration codes assigned to the United States ; the second `` C '' was added as Soviet aircraft used `` CCCC '' and Matt Jeffries combined the two as he believed a venture into space would be a joint operation by the United States and Russia . According to The Making of Star Trek , `` NCC '' is the Starfleet abbreviation for `` Naval Construction Contract '' , comparable to what the U.S. Navy would call a hull number . The `` 1701 '' was chosen to avoid any possible ambiguity ; according to Jefferies , the numbers 3 , 6 , 8 , and 9 are `` too easily confused '' . Other sources cite it as a reference to the house across the street from where Roddenberry grew up , while another account gives it as the street address of Linwood Dunn . Jefferies ' own sketches provide the explanation that it was his 17th cruiser design with the first serial number of that series : 1701 . The Making of Star Trek explains that `` USS '' should mean `` United Space Ship '' and that `` Enterprise is a member of the Starship Class '' . The ship 's class was officially changed to Constitution Class with the release of Franz Joseph 's Star Fleet Technical Manual in 1975 , even though all previous references identify it as Starship Class . </P> <P> The first miniature built for the pilot episode `` The Cage '' ( 1965 ) was unlit and approximately 33 inches ( 0.8 m ) long , commonly referred to as `` the three foot model '' . This model was constructed almost entirely of wood and was made by Richard C. Datin in his shop . It was eventually modified during the course of the series to match the changes made to the larger model before and after shooting of the second pilot , and appears on - set in `` Requiem for Methuselah '' ( 1969 ) after some damage sustained in storage had been partially repaired . The second miniature built for the original pilot measures 11 feet 2 inches ( 3.4 m ) long and was built by a small crew of model makers ( Volmer Jensen , Mel Keys and Vernon Sion ) supervised by Richard C. Datin , working out of Jensen 's model shop in Burbank , California ( although the larger base components were subcontracted to a shop with a large lathe ) . It was initially filmed by both Howard A. Anderson and Linwood G. Dunn at Dunn 's Film Effects of Hollywood facility , who also re-filmed later more - elaborate models of the ship , generating a variety of stock footage that was used in later episodes . </P> <P> Initially , the models were static and had no electronics . For the second pilot , `` Where No Man Has Gone Before '' ( 1966 ) , various details of the 11 - foot model were altered , and the starboard window ports and running lights were internally illuminated . When the series was picked up and went into production , the model was altered yet again . These alterations included the addition of translucent domes and blinking lights at the forward ends of the engine nacelles , smaller domes at the stern end of the engine nacelles , a shorter bridge dome , and a smaller deflector / sensor dish . Save for re-used footage from the two pilot episodes , this was the appearance of the ship throughout the series , except for some detail added to nacelles for shots used in `` The Trouble with Tribbles '' . </P> <P> Two small ( 3 `` ) models were also made for the episode `` Catspaw '' , one embedded in a block of lucite , bringing the total number of models used to represent Enterprise during the original series to four . </P> <P> While the three - foot model was lost during construction of a new model ( the refurbished version seen in the first movie ) , the 11 feet ( 3.4 m ) model has undergone a historic restoration , having previously been displayed in the Gift Shop downstairs at the Smithsonian Institution 's National Air and Space Museum in Washington , D.C. , and was unveiled in its new display position in the lobby of the Milestones of Flight Hall at NASM 's 40th anniversary celebration on July 1 , 2016 , which also roughly coincides with Star Trek 's 50th anniversary . </P> <P> Greg Jein created a model of the original Enterprise for the Star Trek : Deep Space Nine episode `` Trials and Tribble - ations '' ( 1996 ) . Jein 's model was built to be exactly half the size of the larger of the two original models , and later appeared in the 1998 Star Trek wall calendar . In addition , a CGI model of the ship makes a brief cameo appearance at the end of the final episode of Star Trek : Enterprise , `` These Are the Voyages ... '' ( 2005 ) , and another CGI version was created for remastered episodes of the original Star Trek , based on the model in the Smithsonian . </P> <H3> Refit configuration ( edit ) </H3> <Table> USS Enterprise <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The refitted Enterprise at the battle of the Mutara Nebula </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> Star Trek The Motion Picture ( 1979 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Affiliation </Th> <Td> United Federation of Planets Starfleet </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Launched </Th> <Td> 2270 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> General characteristics </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Class </Th> <Td> Enterprise </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Registry </Th> <Td> NCC - 1701 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Maximum speed </Th> <Td> Warp 12 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Auxiliary craft </Th> <Td> 5 x Mark VIII Long Range Shuttlecraft with warp drive sled </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Armaments </Th> <Td> 2 x electromagnetic launch Photon Torpedo tube 6 x twin phaser bank 6 x single phaser </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Defenses </Th> <Td> Multiple Force Field Deflector Grids </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Propulsion </Th> <Td> 1 x dual Impulse power unit with impulse deflection crystal 2 x Space Warp Propulsion Units </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Power </Th> <Td> linear intermix matter / anti-matter reaction chamber </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 304.8 meters ( 1000 ft ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The refitted Enterprise that appears in the first three Star Trek films was initially designed by Matt Jefferies , based on an early design he had made of a hypothetical Enterprise refit for the original Star Trek , and reworked for the scrapped Star Trek : Phase II TV series . While Andrew Probert and Richard Taylor often take credit for the design , the changes they actually made compared to Jefferies ' original designs largely amount to minor detail alterations . </P> <P> Michael Minor , Gene Roddenberry , Joe Jennings , Douglas Trumbull , Harold Michaelson , and Jim Dow contributed in part to the final look of Enterprise , while Jim Dow was in charge of building the model and created all the molds and structural processes . Paul Olsen painted the distinct `` Aztec '' paint scheme to provide an additional level of detail for the film screen , and to suggest the notion of interlocking panels providing tensile strength to the hull . The 8 - foot ( 2.4 m ) model was re-used as the USS Enterprise - A in the fourth , fifth , and sixth Star Trek films . Foundation Imaging created a CGI model of the ship for the `` Director 's Edition '' release of Star Trek : The Motion Picture to add footage envisioned but never shot by director Robert Wise . </P> <H3> 2009 reboot ( edit ) </H3> <Table> USS Enterprise <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The re-conceptualized , `` alternate universe '' Enterprise in the 2009 Star Trek film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th>

The first Star Trek Enterprise ship was the

What was the first star trek enterprise ship?

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Ménage a Troi - wikipedia <H1> Ménage a Troi </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For a household of three lovers , see Ménage à trois . For other uses , see Ménage à trois ( disambiguation ) . <P> </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> hide This article has multiple issues . Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article consists almost entirely of a plot summary . It should be expanded to provide more balanced coverage that includes real - world context . Please edit the article to focus on discussing the work rather than merely reiterating the plot . ( July 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article includes a list of references , but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations . Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations . ( August 2012 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` Ménage à Troi '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Star Trek : The Next Generation episode </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Episode no . </Th> <Td> Season 3 Episode 24 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Robert Legato </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Written by </Th> <Td> Fred Bronson Susan Sackett </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Featured music </Th> <Td> Ron Jones </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production code </Th> <Td> 172 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Original air date </Th> <Td> May 28 , 1990 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Guest appearance ( s ) </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Majel Barrett as Lwaxana Troi </Li> <Li> Frank Corsentino as Daimon Tog </Li> <Li> Ethan Phillips as Farek </Li> <Li> Peter Slutsker as Nibor </Li> <Li> Rudolph Willrich as Reittan Grax </Li> <Li> Carel Struycken as Mr. Homn </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Episode chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> ← Previous `` Sarek '' </Td> <Td> Next → `` Transfigurations '' </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> List of Star Trek : The Next Generation episodes </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` Ménage à Troi '' is the 24th episode of the third season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek : The Next Generation , and the 72nd episode of the series overall . </P> <P> Commander Riker , Counselor Troi and Ambassador Lwaxana Troi are kidnapped by Ferengi . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Notes </Li> <Li> 3 References </Li> <Li> 4 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> At a reception aboard the Federation starship Enterprise following a trade conference on Betazed , Counselor Deanna Troi argues with her mother , Lwaxana Troi , about her insistence that Deanna get married and raise a family . At the same party , Lwaxana is approached by the Ferengi Daimon Tog of the ship Krayton , who is interested in Lwaxana in a sexual way , but also explains he would like Lwaxana to use her telepathy to help him make business . Lwaxana rejects him flatly and later remarks that she would rather eat Orion Wing Slugs than date Tog . </P> <P> Afterwards , at the urging of Captain Picard , Commander Riker and his one - time flame , Deanna , decide to take a quick shore leave on Betazed while the Enterprise heads out on a routine mission studying a nebula . Lwaxana tracks down her daughter and Riker , with intent to encourage a renewed romance between the couple . She is just getting started when Daimon Tog arrives stating that he has come for Lwaxana . When he is again rebuffed by Lwaxana , Tog has himself and the others transported aboard the Krayton , leaving a confused Mr. Homn to wonder where his employer has gone . </P> <P> The three awaken in a cell aboard the Krayton . Tog then has Deanna and Lwaxana beamed into the lab of Farek , a Ferengi doctor who hopes to study Lwaxana 's telepathy using mind probes . In the process of transporting them he leaves the women 's clothing behind , saying that women are not worthy enough to wear clothes . Lwaxana pretends to be interested in Tog , and gains Deanna 's return to the cell with Riker by agreeing to discuss with Tog a proposal to use her telepathic abilities in trade negotiations . </P> <P> Riker entices a Ferengi guard into a chess game , and once outside the cell , Riker quickly overpowers the guard . Once freed , Deanna and Riker attempt to send a message to the Enterprise , only to learn that the ship 's communication system is secured by access code . As Lwaxana seduces Tog by rubbing his ears , she receives a telepathic message from Deanna asking her to try to get Tog 's access code . </P> <P> Lwaxana has nearly gotten Tog to tell her the code when Farek walks in and catches her in the act . Farek threatens to humiliate Tog by revealing his incompetence to the Ferengi , but offers to forget the incident if Lwaxana is turned over to him for experimentation , despite the fact that the proposed tests may be lethal . </P> <P> Meanwhile , the Enterprise leaves the nebula , which has been interfering with communications , and learn from Betazed officials that Riker and the Trois have been kidnapped . Returning to Betazed , the Enterprise crew discovers flowers indigenous to a Ferengi planet at the spot where Deanna and Riker were last seen . Picard orders a frequency scan to see if Riker has somehow sent a message , but are unable to pick up anything discernible . In fact , Riker has tapped into the system on the Krayton that suppresses Cochrane distortion from the ship 's warp field , and modulated it to generate a signal using unsuppressed distortion into a pattern he hopes the Enterprise crew will recognize . </P> <P> In the midst of the search , Acting Ensign Wesley Crusher is in final preparation to depart to Earth for his second attempt to pass the Starfleet Academy entrance exam . Just as he is about to leave , he realizes that the modulated interference itself may be the signal , and rushes back to the Bridge , missing his transport back to Earth . Decoding the signal , young Crusher finds Riker has provided the heading of the Krayton and the Enterprise heads out in pursuit . </P> <P> In the meantime , Deanna is experiencing great pain as she senses the mind probes being used on her mother . Riker , having finished setting up the modulation of the Cochrane distortion , arms himself and bursts into Farek 's lab to free Lwaxana , but a standoff ensues when Tog enters with a phaser . Just then the Enterprise arrives , and Lwaxana buys the release of Troi and Riker by agreeing to stay with Tog and serve him both as a lover and a business partner . After Riker and Deanna are returned to the Enterprise , Picard begins to play the role of a jealous lover , describing his love for Lwaxana and telling Tog that if he can not have her no one will , and threatens to destroy the Krayton if she is not delivered to him immediately . When Picard tries to `` win back '' Lwaxanna at the end , he recites two William Shakespeare sonnets : 141 and 18 . Fearing for his life Daimon Tog hurriedly beams Lwaxana directly to the Enterprise Bridge and leaves the area post-haste . So taken is Lwaxana by Picard 's poetic profession of `` love '' for her that she takes her place on his lap in the command chair , causing Picard to quickly tell Ensign Crusher to `` set course for Betazed '' , almost whispering `` warp nine '' . </P> <P> Crusher is told that he will be allowed to reapply for entrance to Starfleet Academy in one year , and Picard gives him a field promotion to full Ensign in light of his contributions to the ship and crew . </P> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Ethan Phillips , who makes his Star Trek debut in this episode as a Ferengi , would later go on to become a regular on Star Trek : Voyager , playing the character Neelix . </Li> <Li> Scenes on Betazed were filmed on the Huntington Library botanic garden . </Li> <Li> Shakespeare 's Sonnets : http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1041/1041-h/1041-h.htm </Li> </Ul> <H2> References ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0708749/trivia?ref_=tt_trv_trv </Li> </Ol> <Ul> <Li> Star Trek The Next Generation DVD set , volume 3 , disc 6 , selection 4 . </Li> </Ul> <H2> External links ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> Wikiquote has quotations related to : Ménage à Troi </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> `` Ménage à Troi '' on IMDb </Li> <Li> `` Ménage à Troi '' at TV.com </Li> <Li> Ménage à Troi at Memory Alpha ( a Star Trek wiki ) </Li> <Li> Ménage à Troi at StarTrek.com </Li> <Li> Ménage à Troi rewatch by Keith R.A. DeCandido </Li> </Ul> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Star Trek : The Next Generation episodes </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Dl> <Dt> Seasons </Dt> <Dd> </Dd> <Dd> </Dd> <Dd> </Dd> <Dd> </Dd> <Dd> </Dd> <Dd> 6 </Dd> <Dd> 7 </Dd> </Dl> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Season 3 </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> `` Evolution '' </Li> <Li> `` The Ensigns of Command '' </Li> <Li> `` The Survivors '' </Li> <Li> `` Who Watches the Watchers '' </Li> <Li> `` The Bonding '' </Li> <Li> `` Booby Trap '' </Li> <Li> `` The Enemy '' </Li> <Li> `` The Price '' </Li> <Li> `` The Vengeance Factor '' </Li> <Li> `` The Defector '' </Li> <Li> `` The Hunted '' </Li> <Li> `` The High Ground '' </Li> <Li> `` Déjà Q '' </Li> <Li> `` A Matter of Perspective '' </Li> <Li> `` Yesterday 's Enterprise '' </Li> <Li> `` The Offspring '' </Li> <Li> `` Sins of the Father '' </Li> <Li> `` Allegiance '' </Li> <Li> `` Captain 's Holiday '' </Li> <Li> `` Tin Man '' </Li> <Li> `` Hollow Pursuits '' </Li> <Li> `` The Most Toys '' </Li> <Li> `` Sarek '' </Li> <Li> `` Ménage à Troi '' </Li> <Li> `` Transfigurations '' </Li> <Li> `` The Best of Both Worlds , Part I '' </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> Retrieved from `` https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Ménage_à_Troi&oldid = 828043672 '' Categories : <Ul> <Li> Star Trek : The Next Generation ( season 3 ) episodes </Li> <Li> 1990 American television episodes </Li> </Ul> Hidden categories : <Ul> <Li> Articles to be expanded from July 2013 </Li> <Li> All articles to be expanded </Li> <Li> Articles lacking in - text citations from August 2012 </Li> <Li> All articles lacking in - text citations </Li> <Li> Articles with multiple maintenance issues </Li> <Li> Pages using infobox television episode with incorrectly formatted episode list </Li> </Ul> <H2> </H2> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Talk </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> Contents </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> About Wikipedia </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> <H3> </H3> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li>

The title of Star Trek: The Next Generation Season 3 Episode 24 is

Star trek the next generation season 3 episode 24?

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Fingerprint - wikipedia <H1> Fingerprint </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about human fingerprints . For other uses , see Fingerprint ( disambiguation ) . `` Thumbprint '' redirects here . For other uses , see Thumbprint ( disambiguation ) . <Table> <Tr> <Td> Part of a series on </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Forensic science </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Physiological ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Anthropology </Li> <Li> Biology </Li> <Li> Bloodstain pattern analysis </Li> <Li> Botany </Li> <Li> Dentistry </Li> <Li> DNA phenotyping </Li> <Li> DNA profiling </Li> <Li> Entomology </Li> <Li> Epidemiology </Li> <Li> Medicine </Li> <Li> Palynology </Li> <Li> Pathology </Li> <Li> Podiatry </Li> <Li> Toxicology </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Social ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Psychiatry </Li> <Li> Psychology </Li> <Li> Psychotherapy </Li> <Li> Social work </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Criminalistics ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> Accounting </Li> <Li> Body identification </Li> <Li> Chemistry </Li> <Li> Facial reconstruction </Li> <Li> Fingerprint analysis </Li> <Li> Firearm examination </Li> <Li> Footwear evidence </Li> <Li> Forensic arts </Li> <Li> Profiling </Li> <Li> Gloveprint analysis </Li> <Li> Palmprint analysis </Li> <Li> Questioned document examination </Li> <Li> Vein matching </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Digital forensics ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Computer exams </Li> <Li> Data analysis </Li> <Li> Database study </Li> <Li> Mobile devices </Li> <Li> Network analysis </Li> <Li> Photography </Li> <Li> Video analysis </Li> <Li> Audio analysis </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Related disciplines ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Electrical engineering </Li> <Li> Engineering </Li> <Li> Fire investigation </Li> <Li> Fire accelerant detection </Li> <Li> Fractography </Li> <Li> Linguistics </Li> <Li> Materials engineering </Li> <Li> Polymer engineering </Li> <Li> Statistics </Li> <Li> Traffic collision reconstruction </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Related articles ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Crime scene </Li> <Li> CSI effect </Li> <Li> Perry Mason syndrome </Li> <Li> Pollen calendar </Li> <Li> Skid mark </Li> <Li> Trace evidence </Li> <Li> Use of DNA in forensic entomology </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Outline </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger . The recovery of fingerprints from a crime scene is an important method of forensic science . Fingerprints are easily deposited on suitable surfaces ( such as glass or metal or polished stone ) by the natural secretions of sweat from the eccrine glands that are present in epidermal ridges . These are sometimes referred to as `` Chanced Impressions '' . </P> <P> In a wider use of the term , fingerprints are the traces of an impression from the friction ridges of any part of a human or other primate hand . A print from the sole of the foot can also leave an impression of friction ridges . </P> <P> Deliberate impressions of fingerprints may be formed by ink or other substances transferred from the peaks of friction ridges on the skin to a relatively smooth surface such as a fingerprint card . Fingerprint records normally contain impressions from the pad on the last joint of fingers and thumbs , although fingerprint cards also typically record portions of lower joint areas of the fingers . </P> <P> Human fingerprints are detailed , nearly unique , difficult to alter , and durable over the life of an individual , making them suitable as long - term markers of human identity . They may be employed by police or other authorities to identify individuals who wish to conceal their identity , or to identify people who are incapacitated or deceased and thus unable to identify themselves , as in the aftermath of a natural disaster . Fingerprint analysis , in use since the early 20th century , has led to many crimes being solved . This means that many criminals consider gloves essential . In 2015 , the identification of sex by use of a fingerprint test has been reported . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Biology </Li> <Li> 2 Types </Li> <Li> 3 Dactyloscopy </Li> <Li> 4 Types <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Exemplar </Li> <Li> 4.2 Latent </Li> <Li> 4.3 Patent </Li> <Li> 4.4 Plastic </Li> <Li> 4.5 Electronic recording </Li> <Li> 4.6 Footprints </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Capture and detection <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Live scan devices </Li> <Li> 5.2 Scanning dead or unconscious people </Li> <Li> 5.3 Latent detection </Li> <Li> 5.4 Laboratory techniques </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Research </Li> <Li> 7 Disappearance of children 's latent prints </Li> <Li> 8 Detection of drug use </Li> <Li> 9 United States databases and compression </Li> <Li> 10 Validity <Ul> <Li> 10.1 Criticism <Ul> <Li> 10.1. 1 Defense </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10.2 Track record </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 11 Professional certification </Li> <Li> 12 Errors <Ul> <Li> 12.1 Brandon Mayfield and the Madrid bombing </Li> <Li> 12.2 René Ramón Sánchez </Li> <Li> 12.3 Shirley McKie </Li> <Li> 12.4 Stephan Cowans </Li> <Li> 12.5 Craig D. Harvey </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 13 History <Ul> <Li> 13.1 Antiquity and the medieval period </Li> <Li> 13.2 Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries </Li> <Li> 13.3 Modern era </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 14 Privacy <Ul> <Li> 14.1 Fingerprinting of children </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 15 Other uses <Ul> <Li> 15.1 Welfare claimants </Li> <Li> 15.2 Log - in authentication and other locks </Li> <Li> 15.3 Electronic registration and library access </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 16 Absence or mutilation of fingerprints </Li> <Li> 17 Fingerprint recognition <Ul> <Li> 17.1 Patterns </Li> <Li> 17.2 Fingerprint processing </Li> <Li> 17.3 Minutiae features </Li> <Li> 17.4 Defeats </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 18 Fingerprint recognition in electronic devices </Li> <Li> 19 Fingerprint sensors <Ul> <Li> 19.1 Optical </Li> <Li> 19.2 Ultrasonic </Li> <Li> 19.3 Capacitance <Ul> <Li> 19.3. 1 Passive capacitance </Li> <Li> 19.3. 2 Active capacitance </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 20 Algorithms <Ul> <Li> 20.1 Pre-processing </Li> <Li> 20.2 Pattern - based ( or image - based ) algorithms </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 21 In other species </Li> <Li> 22 In fiction <Ul> <Li> 22.1 Mark Twain </Li> <Li> 22.2 Crime fiction </Li> <Li> 22.3 Film and television </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 23 Other reliable identifiers </Li> <Li> 24 See also </Li> <Li> 25 References </Li> <Li> 26 Further reading </Li> <Li> 27 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Biology </H2> <P> A friction ridge is a raised portion of the epidermis on the digits ( fingers and toes ) , the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot , consisting of one or more connected ridge units of friction ridge skin . These are sometimes known as `` epidermal ridges '' which are caused by the underlying interface between the dermal papillae of the dermis and the interpapillary ( rete ) pegs of the epidermis . These epidermal ridges serve to amplify vibrations triggered , for example , when fingertips brush across an uneven surface , better transmitting the signals to sensory nerves involved in fine texture perception . These ridges may also assist in gripping rough surfaces and may improve surface contact in wet conditions . </P> <H2> Types </H2> <P> Before computerization , manual filing systems were used in large fingerprint repositories . Manual classification systems were based on the general ridge patterns of several or all fingers ( such as the presence or absence of circular patterns ) . This allowed the filing and retrieval of paper records in large collections based on friction ridge patterns alone . The most popular systems used the pattern class of each finger to form a key ( a number ) to assist lookup in a filing system . Classification systems include the Roscher system , the Juan Vucetich system , and the Henry Classification System . The Roscher system was developed in Germany and implemented in both Germany and Japan , the Vucetich system ( developed by a Croatian - born Buenos Aires Police Officer ) was developed in Argentina and implemented throughout South America , and the Henry system was developed in India and implemented in most English - speaking countries . </P> <P> In the Henry system of classification , there are three basic fingerprint patterns : loop , whorl , and arch , which constitute 60 -- 65 % , 30 -- 35 % , and 5 % of all fingerprints respectively . There are also more complex classification systems that break down patterns even further , into plain arches or tented arches , and into loops that may be radial or ulnar , depending on the side of the hand toward which the tail points . Ulnar loops start on the pinky - side of the finger , the side closer to the ulna , the lower arm bone . Radial loops start on the thumb - side of the finger , the side closer to the radius . Whorls may also have sub-group classifications including plain whorls , accidental whorls , double loop whorls , peacock 's eye , composite , and central pocket loop whorls . </P> <P> Other common fingerprint patterns include the tented arch , the plain arch , and the central pocket loop . </P> <P> The system used by most experts , although complex , is similar to the Henry System of Classification . It consists of five fractions , in which R stands for right , L for left , i for index finger , m for middle finger , t for thumb , r for ring finger and p ( pinky ) for little finger . The fractions are as follows : Ri / Rt + Rr / Rm + Lt / Rp + Lm / Li + Lp / Lr . The numbers assigned to each print are based on whether or not they are whorls . A whorl in the first fraction is given a 16 , the second an 8 , the third a 4 , the fourth a 2 , and 0 to the last fraction . Arches and loops are assigned values of 0 . Lastly , the numbers in the numerator and denominator are added up , using the scheme : </P> <Dl> <Dd> ( Ri + Rr + Lt + Lm + Lp ) / ( Rt + Rm + Rp + Li + Lr ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> and a 1 is added to both top and bottom , to exclude any possibility of division by zero . For example , if the right ring finger and the left index finger have whorls , the fractions would look like this : </P> <Dl> <Dd> 0 / 0 + 8 / 0 + 0 / 0 + 0 / 2 + 0 / 0 + 1 / 1 , and the calculation : ( 0 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 ) / ( 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 0 + 1 ) = 9 / 3 = 3 . </Dd> </Dl> <P> Using this system reduces the number of prints that the print in question needs to be compared to . For example , the above set of prints would only need to be compared to other sets of fingerprints with a value of 3 . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Arch </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Loop ( Right Loop ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Whorl </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Arch ( Tented Arch ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H2> Dactyloscopy </H2> The friction ridges on a finger <P> Fingerprint identification , known as dactyloscopy , or hand print identification , is the process of comparing two instances of friction ridge skin impressions ( see Minutiae ) , from human fingers or toes , or even the palm of the hand or sole of the foot , to determine whether these impressions could have come from the same individual . The flexibility of

Fingerprinting was first used by the police in

When was fingerprinting first used by the police?

-1377431887732785331

Electron transport chain - wikipedia <H1> Electron transport chain </H1> Jump to : navigation , search The electron transport chain in the mitochondrion is the site of oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes . The NADH and succinate generated in the citric acid cycle are oxidized , providing energy to power ATP synthase . Photosynthetic electron transport chain of the thylakoid membrane . <P> An electron transport chain ( ETC ) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox ( both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously ) reactions , and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons ( H ions ) across a membrane . This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) , a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds . The molecules of the chain include peptides , enzymes ( which are proteins or protein complexes ) , and others . The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration . </P> <P> Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or , such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars , cellular respiration . In eukaryotes , an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the action of ATP synthase . It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes . In bacteria , the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane . </P> <P> In chloroplasts , light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP to NADPH with transfer of H ions across chloroplast membranes . In mitochondria , it is the conversion of oxygen to water , NADH to NAD and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient . </P> <P> Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen , generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Background </Li> <Li> 2 In mitochondria <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Mitochondrial redox carriers <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Complex I </Li> <Li> 2.1. 2 Complex II </Li> <Li> 2.1. 3 Complex III </Li> <Li> 2.1. 4 Complex IV </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 Coupling with oxidative phosphorylation </Li> <Li> 2.3 Summary </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 In bacteria <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Electron donors </Li> <Li> 3.2 Dehydrogenases </Li> <Li> 3.3 Quinone carriers </Li> <Li> 3.4 Proton pumps </Li> <Li> 3.5 Cytochrome electron carriers </Li> <Li> 3.6 Terminal oxidases and reductases </Li> <Li> 3.7 Electron acceptors </Li> <Li> 3.8 Summary </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Photosynthetic </Li> <Li> 5 Summary </Li> <Li> 6 See also </Li> <Li> 7 References </Li> <Li> 8 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Background ( edit ) </H2> <P> The electron transport chain consists of a spatially separated series of redox reactions in which electrons are transferred from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule . The underlying force driving these reactions is the Gibbs free energy of the reactants and products . The Gibbs free energy is the energy available ( `` free '' ) to do work . Any reaction that decreases the overall Gibbs free energy of a system is thermodynamically spontaneous . </P> <P> The function of the electron transport chain is to produce a transmembrane proton electrochemical gradient as a result of the redox reactions . If protons flow back through the membrane , they enable mechanical work , such as rotating bacterial flagella . ATP synthase , an enzyme highly conserved among all domains of life , converts this mechanical work into chemical energy by producing ATP , which powers most cellular reactions . A small amount of ATP is available from substrate - level phosphorylation , for example , in glycolysis . In most organisms the majority of ATP is generated in electron transport chains , while only some obtain ATP by fermentation . </P> <H2> In mitochondria ( edit ) </H2> <P> Most eukaryotic cells have mitochondria , which produce ATP from products of the citric acid cycle , fatty acid oxidation , and amino acid oxidation . At the mitochondrial inner membrane , electrons from NADH and FADH2 pass through the electron transport chain to oxygen , which is reduced to water . The electron transport chain comprises an enzymatic series of electron donors and acceptors . Each electron donor will pass electrons to a more electronegative acceptor , which in turn donates these electrons to another acceptor , a process that continues down the series until electrons are passed to oxygen , the most electronegative and terminal electron acceptor in the chain . Passage of electrons between donor and acceptor releases energy , which is used to generate a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane by actively `` pumping '' protons into the intermembrane space , producing a thermodynamic state that has the potential to do work . The entire process is called oxidative phosphorylation , since ADP is phosphorylated to ATP using the energy of hydrogen oxidation in many steps . </P> <P> A small percentage of electrons do not complete the whole series and instead directly leak to oxygen , resulting in the formation of the free - radical superoxide , a highly reactive molecule that contributes to oxidative stress and has been implicated in a number of diseases and aging . </P> <H3> Mitochondrial redox carriers ( edit ) </H3> <P> Energy obtained through the transfer of electrons down the ETC is used to pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space , creating an electrochemical proton gradient ( ΔpH ) across the inner mitochondrial membrane ( IMM ) . This proton gradient is largely but not exclusively responsible for the mitochondrial membrane potential ( ΔΨ ) . It allows ATP synthase to use the flow of H through the enzyme back into the matrix to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ) and inorganic phosphate . Complex I ( NADH coenzyme Q reductase ; labeled I ) accepts electrons from the Krebs cycle electron carrier nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ( NADH ) , and passes them to coenzyme Q ( ubiquinone ; labeled Q ) , which also receives electrons from complex II ( succinate dehydrogenase ; labeled II ) . Q passes electrons to complex III ( cytochrome bc complex ; labeled III ) , which passes them to cytochrome c ( cyt c ) . Cyt c passes electrons to Complex IV ( cytochrome c oxidase ; labeled IV ) , which uses the electrons and hydrogen ions to reduce molecular oxygen to water . </P> <P> Four membrane - bound complexes have been identified in mitochondria . Each is an extremely complex transmembrane structure that is embedded in the inner membrane . Three of them are proton pumps . The structures are electrically connected by lipid - soluble electron carriers and water - soluble electron carriers . The overall electron transport chain : </P> NADH + H → Complex I → Q → Complex III → cytochrome c → Complex IV → H O ↑ Complex II ↑ Succinate Complex I ( edit ) <P> In Complex I ( NADH : ubiquinone oxidoreductase , NADH - CoQ reductase , or NADH dehydrogenase ; EC 1.6. 5.3 ) , two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to a lipid - soluble carrier , ubiquinone ( UQ ) . The reduced product , ubiquinol ( UQH ) , freely diffuses within the membrane , and Complex I translocates four protons ( H ) across the membrane , thus producing a proton gradient . Complex I is one of the main sites at which premature electron leakage to oxygen occurs , thus being one of the main sites of production of superoxide . </P> <P> The pathway of electrons is as follows : </P> <P> NADH is oxidized to NAD , by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH in one two - electron step . FMNH is then oxidized in two one - electron steps , through a semiquinone intermediate . Each electron thus transfers from the FMNH to an Fe - S cluster , from the Fe - S cluster to ubiquinone ( Q ) . Transfer of the first electron results in the free - radical ( semiquinone ) form of Q , and transfer of the second electron reduces the semiquinone form to the ubiquinol form , QH . During this process , four protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space . As the electrons become continuously oxidized and reduced throughout the complex an electron current is produced along the 180 Angstrom width of the complex within the membrane . This current powers the active transport of four protons to the intermembrane space per two electrons from NADH . </P> <P> This complex is inhibited by Alkylguanides ( Example : Guanethidine ) , Rotenone , Barbiturates , Chlorpromazine , Piericidin . </P> Complex II ( edit ) <P> In Complex II ( succinate dehydrogenase or succinate - CoQ reductase ; EC 1.3. 5.1 ) additional electrons are delivered into the quinone pool ( Q ) originating from succinate and transferred ( via flavin adenine dinucleotide ( FAD ) ) to Q. Complex II consists of four protein subunits : succinate dehydrogenase , ( SDHA ) ; succinate dehydrogenase ( ubiquinone ) iron - sulfur subunit , mitochondrial , ( SDHB ) ; succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C , ( SDHC ) and succinate dehydrogenase complex , subunit D , ( SDHD ) . Other electron donors ( e.g. , fatty acids and glycerol 3 - phosphate ) also direct electrons into Q ( via FAD ) . Complex 2 is a parallel electron transport pathway to complex 1 , but unlike complex 1 , no protons are transported to the intermembrane space in this pathway . Therefore , the pathway through complex 2 contributes less energy to the overall electron transport chain process . </P> <P> This complex is inhibited by Carboxin . </P> Complex III ( edit ) <P> In Complex III ( cytochrome bc complex or CoQH - cytochrome c reductase ; EC 1.10. 2.2 ) , the Q - cycle contributes to the proton gradient by an asymmetric absorption / release of protons . Two electrons are removed from QH at the Q site and sequentially transferred to two molecules of cytochrome c , a water - soluble electron carrier located within the intermembrane space . The two other electrons sequentially pass across the protein to the Q site where the quinone part of ubiquinone is reduced to quinol . A proton gradient is formed by one quinol ( 2 H 2 + e − ( \ displaystyle ( \ ce ( 2H + 2e - ) ) ) ) oxidations at the Q site to form one quinone ( 2 H 2 + e − ( \ displaystyle ( \ ce ( 2H + 2e - ) ) ) ) at the Q site . ( in total four protons are translocated : two protons reduce quinone to quinol and two protons are released from two ubiquinol molecules ) . </P> <Dl> <Dd> QH 2 + 2 cytochrome c ( Fe III ) + 2 H + ( in ) ⟶ Q + 2 cytochrome c ( Fe II ) + 4 H + ( out ) ( \ displaystyle ( \ ce ( QH2 + 2 cytochrome c ( Fe ^ ( III ) ) + 2 H+ ( in ) - > Q + 2 cytochrome c ( Fe ^ ( II ) ) + 4 H+ ( out ) ) ) ) </Dd> </Dl> <P> When electron transfer is reduced ( by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A ) , Complex III may leak electrons to molecular oxygen , resulting in superoxide formation . </P> <P> This complex

The electron transport chain gets its electrons from a

Where does the electron transport chain get its electrons from?

4606135189354740425

History of the Ottoman Empire during World war I - wikipedia <H1> History of the Ottoman Empire during World war I </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> The neutrality of this article is disputed . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page . Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met . ( May 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Part of a series on the </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> History of the Ottoman Empire </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Rise ( 1299 -- 1453 ) ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Gaza Thesis </Li> <Li> Interregnum ( 1402 -- 1413 ) </Li> <Li> Fall of Constantinople </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Classical Age ( 1453 -- 1566 ) ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Sultanate of Women </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Transformation ( 1566 -- 1703 ) ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Köprülü Era ( 1656 -- 1703 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Old Regime ( 1703 -- 1789 ) ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Tulip Era ( 1718 -- 1730 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Decline and modernization ( 1789 -- 1908 ) ( show ) <Ul> <Li> Nizam - i Djedid </Li> <Li> Tanzimat Era ( 1839 -- 1876 ) </Li> <Li> 1st Constitutional Era ( 1876 -- 1878 ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Defeat and dissolution ( 1908 -- 1922 ) ( show ) <Ul> <Li> 2nd Constitutional Era ( 1908 -- 1920 ) </Li> <Li> World War I ( 1914 -- 1918 ) </Li> <Li> Partitioning </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Historiography </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Ottoman Empire participated in World War I as one of the Central Powers . The Ottoman Empire entered the war by carrying out a surprise attack on Russia 's Black Sea coast on 29 October 1914 , with Russia responding by declaring war on it on November 5th , 1914 . Ottoman forces fought the Entente in the Balkans and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I . The Ottoman Empire 's defeat in the war in 1918 was crucial in the eventual dissolution of the empire in 1921 . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Military activities <Ul> <Li> 1.1 War with Russia </Li> <Li> 1.2 War with Britain </Li> <Li> 1.3 Empire in home front </Li> <Li> 1.4 War in Eastern Europe </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Political activities <Ul> <Li> 2.1 1915 <Ul> <Li> 2.1. 1 Capitulations and public debt , 1915 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.2 1916 </Li> <Li> 2.3 1917 <Ul> <Li> 2.3. 1 Diplomacy with new Russia , 1917 </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2.4 1918 <Ul> <Li> 2.4. 1 Diplomacy with new states , 1918 </Li> <Li> 2.4. 2 Winding down toward the armistice , 1918 </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Genocide </Li> <Li> 4 Notes </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> <Li> 6 Bibliography </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Military activities ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : Ottoman entry into World War I and Middle Eastern theatre of World War I <P> The Ottoman entry into World War I began on 29 October 1914 when it launched the Black Sea Raid against Russian ports . Following the attack , Russia and its allies ( Britain and France ) declared war on the Ottomans in November 1914 . The Ottoman Empire started military action came after three months of formal neutrality , but it had signed a secret alliance with the Central Powers in August 1914 . </P> <P> The political reasons for the Ottoman Sultan 's entry into the war are disputed . and the Ottoman Empire was an agricultural state in an age of industrialized warfare , Also , the economic resources of the empire were depleted by the cost of the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913 . </P> <P> The great land mass of Anatolia was between the Ottoman army 's headquarters in Istanbul and many of the theatres of war . During Abdulhamit II 's reign civilian communications had improved , but the road and rail network was not ready for war . It took more than a month to reach Syria and nearly two months to reach Mesopotamia . To reach the border with Russia , the railway ran only 60 km east of Ankara , and from there , it was 35 days to Erzurum . The Army used Trabzon port as logistical shortcut to east . It took less time to arrive at any of those fronts from London than from the Ottoman War Department because of the poor condition of Ottoman supply ships . </P> <P> The empire fell into disorder with the declaration of war along with Germany . On 11 November a conspiracy was discovered in Constantinople against Germans and the Committee of Union and Progress ( CUP ) in which some of the CUP leaders were shot . That followed the 12 November revolt in Adrianople against the German military mission . On 13 November , a bomb exploded in Enver Pasha 's palace , which killed five German officers but missed the Enver Pasha . On 18 November were more anti-German plots . Committees formed around the country to rid the country of those who sided with Germany . Army and navy officers protested against the assumption of authority by Germans . On 4 December , widespread riots took place throughout the country . On 13 December was an anti-war demonstration by women in Konak ( Izmir ) and Erzurum . Throughout December , the CUP dealt with mutiny among soldiers in barracks and among naval crews . The head of the German Military Mission , Field Marshal von der Goltz , survived a conspiracy against his life . </P> <P> The military power remained firmly in the hands of War Minister Enver Pasha , domestic issues ( civil matters ) on Interior Minister Talat Pasha , and , an interesting point , Cemal Pasha had sole control over Ottoman Syria . Rest of the governance , provincial governors , ran their regions with differing degrees of autonomy . An interesting case is Izmir ; Rahmi Bey behaved almost as if his region was a neutral zone between the warring states . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <H3> War with Russia ( edit ) </H3> See also : Caucasus Campaign and Persian Campaign Top : Destruction in the city of Erzurum ; Left Upper : Russian forces ; Left Lower : Wounded Muslim refugees ; Right Upper : Ottoman forces ; Right Lower : Armenian refuges <P> Ottoman 's entrance into the war greatly increased the Triple Entente 's military burdens . Russia had to fight on the Caucasus Campaign alone and in the Persian Campaign along with the United Kingdom . İsmail Enver Pasha set off for the Battle of Sarikamish with the intention of recapturing Batum and Kars , overrunning Georgia and occupying north - western Persia and the oil fields . Fighting the Russians in the Caucasus , however , the Ottomans lost ground , and over 100,000 soldiers , in a series of battles . 60,000 Ottoman soldiers died in the winter of 1916 -- 17 on the Mus -- Bitlis section of the front . Ottomans preferred to keep the Caucasus militarily silent as they had to regroup reserves to retake Baghdad and Palestine from the British . 1917 and first half of 1918 was the time for negotiations . On 5 December 1917 , the armistice of Erzincan ( Erzincan Cease - fire Agreement ) signed between the Russians and Ottomans in Erzincan that ended the armed conflicts between Russia and Ottoman Empire . On 3 March , the Grand vizier Talat Pasha signed the Treaty of Brest - Litovsk with the Russian SFSR . It stipulated that Bolshevik Russia cede Batum , Kars , and Ardahan . In addition to these provisions , a secret clause was inserted which obligated the Russians to demobilize Armenian national forces . </P> <P> Between 14 March -- April 1918 the Trabzon peace conference held among the Ottoman Empire and the delegation of the Transcaucasian Diet . Enver Pasha offered to surrender all ambitions in the Caucasus in return for recognition of the Ottoman reacquisition of the east Anatolian provinces at Brest - Litovsk at the end of the negotiations . On 5 April , the head of the Transcaucasian delegation Akaki Chkhenkeli accepted the Treaty of Brest - Litovsk as a basis for more negotiations and wired the governing bodies urging them to accept this position . The mood prevailing in Tiflis was very different . Tiflis acknowledge the existence of a state of war between themselves and the Ottoman Empire . </P> <P> In April 1918 , the Ottoman 3rd Army finally went on the offensive in Armenia . Opposition from Armenian forces led to the Battle of Sardarapat , the Battle of Kara Killisse ( 1918 ) , and the Battle of Bash Abaran . On 28 May 1918 , the Armenian National Council based in Tiflis declared the Democratic Republic of Armenia . The new Republic of Armenia was forced to sign the Treaty of Batum . </P> <P> In July 1918 , Ottomans faced with the Centrocaspian Dictatorship at the Battle of Baku , with the goal of taking Britain Baku on the Caspian Sea . </P> War in the Caucasus and Persia 1st battalion of the Armenian volunteer unit . It was under the command of the Andranik during Persian Campaign . Terek Cossacks under Nikolai Baratov , Russian Caucasus Army 5th Infantry Regiment officers of the Battle of Sardarabad <H3> War with Britain ( edit ) </H3> See also : Mesopotamian campaign , Sinai and Palestine Campaign , and Battle of Gallipoli February -- April 1915 , The Battle of Gallipoli <P> The British captured Basra in November 1914 , and marched north into Iraq . Initially Ahmed Djemal Pasha was ordered to gather an army in Palestine to threaten the Suez Canal . In response , the Allies -- including the newly formed Australian and New Zealand Army Corps ( `` ANZACs '' ) -- opened another front with the Battle of Gallipoli . The army led by Ahmed Djemal Pasha ( Fourth Army ) to eject the British from Egypt was stopped at the Suez canal in February 1915 , and again the next summer . The canal was vital to the British war effort . The 1915 locust plague breaks out in the Palestine region , to be exact the Ottoman military hospitals record the period as March -- October 1915 : </P> <P> The expected , and feared , British invasion came not through Cilicia or northern Syria , but through the straits . The aim of the Dardanelles campaign was to support Russia . Most military observers recognized that the uneducated Ottoman soldier was lost without good leadership , and at Gallipoli Mustafa Kemal realized the capabilities of his man if their officers led from the front . The war was something from a different era , as the agrarian Ottoman Empire faced two industrialized forces , at silent predawn attacks in which officers with drawn swords vent ahead of troops and only the troops to shout their battlecry of `` Allahu Akbar ! '' when they reached the enemy 's trenches . </P> <P> The United Kingdom was obliged to defend India and the southern Persian oil territory by undertaking the Mesopotamian campaign . Britain also had to protect Egypt in the Sinai - Palestine - Syria Campaign . These campaigns strained Allied resources and relieved Germany . </P> <P> The repulse of British forces in Palestine in the spring of 1917 was followed by the loss of Jerusalem in December of the same year . The Ottoman authorities deport the entire civilian population of Jaffa and Tel Aviv , The Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation , pursuant to the order

The Ottoman Empire surrendered in World War I in

When did the ottoman empire surrender in ww1?

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Four - wheel drive - wikipedia <H1> Four - wheel drive </H1> Jump to : navigation , search For other uses , see Four - wheel drive ( disambiguation ) . `` Four by four '' redirects here . For other uses , see Four by four ( disambiguation ) . The Jeep Wrangler is a 4WD vehicle with a transfer case to select low range or high range four - wheel drive <P> Four - wheel drive , also called 4 × 4 ( `` four by four '' ) or 4WD , refers a two - axled vehicle with a drivetrain capable of providing torque to all its wheels simultaneously . It may be full - time or on - demand , and is typically linked via a transfer case providing an additional output drive - shaft and , in many instances , additional gear ranges . </P> <P> A four - wheeled vehicle with torque supplied to both axles is described as `` all - wheel drive '' ( AWD ) . However , `` four - wheel drive '' typically refers to a set of specific components and functions , and / or intended offroad application , which generally complies with modern use of the terminology . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Definitions <Ul> <Li> 1.1 4 × 4 </Li> <Li> 1.2 4WD </Li> <Li> 1.3 AWD </Li> <Li> 1.4 IWD </Li> <Li> 1.5 SAE Recommended Practices </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Design <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Differentials </Li> <Li> 2.2 Limiting slippage </Li> <Li> 2.3 Operating Modes </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 History <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Late 1800s </Li> <Li> 3.2 1900s - 1920s </Li> <Li> 3.3 1930s -- 1944 </Li> <Li> 3.4 1945 - 1960s </Li> <Li> 3.5 1970s - 1990s </Li> <Li> 3.6 2000 - present </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Uses <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Road racing </Li> <Li> 4.2 In heavy trucks </Li> <Li> 4.3 In construction equipment </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Terminology </Li> <Li> 6 Unusual systems </Li> <Li> 7 Introduction to off - roaders </Li> <Li> 8 Introduction to passenger cars </Li> <Li> 9 Systems by design type <Ul> <Li> 9.1 Center differential with mechanical lock </Li> <Li> 9.2 Torsen center differential </Li> <Li> 9.3 Non-locking center differential </Li> <Li> 9.4 Multiple - clutch systems </Li> <Li> 9.5 Multi-plate clutch coupling </Li> <Li> 9.6 Part - time </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 10 See also </Li> <Li> 11 References </Li> <Li> 12 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Definitions ( edit ) </H2> <P> 4 × 4 / 4WD / AWD systems were developed in many different markets and used in many different vehicle platforms . There is no universally accepted set of terminology to describe the various architectures and functions . The terms used by various manufacturers often reflect marketing rather than engineering considerations or significant technical differences between systems . SAE International 's standard J1952 recommends only the term All - Wheel - Drive with additional sub classifications which cover all types of AWD / 4WD / 4x4 systems found on production vehicles . </P> <H3> 4 × 4 ( edit ) </H3> <P> Four - by - four ( 4 × 4 ) refers to the general class of vehicles . The first figure represents the total wheels ( more precisely , axle ends ) , and the second , the number that are powered . Syntactically , 4 × 2 means a four - wheel vehicle that transmits engine torque to only two axle - ends : the front two in front - wheel drive or the rear two in rear - wheel drive . Alternatively , a 6 × 4 vehicle has three axles , two of which provide torque to two wheel ends each . </P> <H3> 4WD ( edit ) </H3> <P> Four wheel drive ( 4WD ) refers to vehicles with two axles providing torque to four wheel ends . In the North American market the term generally refers to a system that is optimized for off - road driving conditions . The term `` 4WD '' is typically designated for vehicles equipped with a transfercase which switches between 2WD and 4WD operating modes , either manually or automatically . </P> <H3> AWD ( edit ) </H3> Main article : AWD ( vehicle ) <P> All wheel drive ( AWD ) historically was synonymous with `` four - wheel drive '' on four - wheeled vehicles , and six - wheel drive on 6 × 6s , and so on , being used in that fashion at least as early as the 1920s . Today in North America the term is applied to both heavy vehicles as well as light passenger vehicles . When referring to heavy vehicles the term is increasingly applied to mean `` permanent multiple - wheel drive '' on 2 × 2 , 4 × 4 , 6 × 6 or 8 × 8 drive train systems that include a differential between the front and rear drive shafts . This is often coupled with some sort of anti-slip technology , increasingly hydraulic - based , that allows differentials to spin at different speeds but still be capable of transferring torque from a wheel with poor traction to one with better . Typical AWD systems work well on all surfaces , but are not intended for more extreme off - road use . When used to describe AWD systems in light passenger vehicles , it refers to a system that applies torque to all four wheels ( permanently or on demand ) and / or is targeted at improving on - road traction and performance ( particularly in inclement conditions ) , rather than for off - road applications . </P> <P> Some all wheel drive electric vehicles solve this challenge using one motor for each axle , thereby eliminating a mechanical differential between the front and rear axles . An example of this is the dual motor variant of the Tesla Model S , which on a millisecond scale can control the torque distribution electronically between its two motors . </P> <H3> IWD ( edit ) </H3> <P> Individual - wheel drive ( IWD ) was coined to identify those electric vehicles whereby each wheel is driven by its own individual electric motor . This system essentially has inherent characteristics that would be generally attributed to four - wheel drive systems like the distribution of the available torque to the wheels . However , because of the inherent characteristics of electric motors , torque can be negative , as seen in the Rimac Concept One and SLS AMG Electric . This can have drastic effects , as in better handling in tight corners . </P> <P> The term IWD can refer to a vehicle with any number of wheels . For example , the Mars rovers are 6 - wheel IWD . </P> <H3> SAE recommended practices ( edit ) </H3> <P> Per the SAE International standard J1952 AWD is the preferred term for all the systems described above . The standard subdivides AWD systems into three categories . </P> <P> Part - Time AWD systems require driver intervention to couple and decouple the secondary axle from the primarily driven axle and these systems do not have a center differential ( or similar device ) . The definition notes that part - time systems may have a low range . </P> <P> Full - Time AWD systems drive both front and rear axles at all times via a center ( inter-axle ) differential . The torque split of that differential may be fix or variable depending on the type of center differential . This system can be used on any surface at any speed . The definition does not address inclusion or exclusion of a low range gear . </P> <P> On - Demand AWD systems drive the secondary axle via an active or passive coupling device or `` by an independently powered drive system '' . The standard notes that in some cases the secondary drive system may also provide the primary vehicle propulsion . On - demand systems function primarily with only one powered axle until torque is required by the second axle . At that point either a passive or active coupling sends torque to the secondary axle . </P> <P> In addition to the above primary classifications the J1952 standard notes secondary classifications resulting in a total of eight system designations : </P> <Ul> <Li> Part - Time Non Synchro System </Li> <Li> Part - Time Synchro System </Li> <Li> Full - Time Fixed Torque System </Li> <Li> Full - Time Variable Torque Passive System </Li> <Li> Full - Time Variable Torque Active System </Li> <Li> On - Demand Synchro Variable Torque Passive System </Li> <Li> On - Demand Synchro Variable Torque Active System </Li> <Li> On - Demand Independently Powered Variable Torque Active System </Li> </Ul> <H2> Design ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Differentials ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Differential The Lamborghini Murciélago is an AWD that powers the front via a viscous coupling unit if the rear slips . The HMMWV is a 4WD / AWD that powers all wheels evenly ( continuously ) via a manually lockable center differential , with Torsen differentials for both front and rear . <P> Two wheels fixed to the same axle turn at the same speed as a vehicle goes around curves . This either forces one to slip , if possible , to balance the apparent distance covered , or creates uncomfortable and mechanically stressful wheel hop . To prevent this the wheels are allowed to turn at different speeds using a mechanical or hydraulic differential . This allows one driveshaft to independently drive two output shafts , axles that go from the differential to the wheel , at different speeds . </P> <P> The differential does this by distributing angular force ( in the form of torque ) evenly , while distributing angular velocity ( turning speed ) such that the average for the two output shafts is equal to that of the differential ring gear . When powered each axle requires a differential to distribute power between the left and right sides . When power is distributed to all four wheels a third or ' center ' differential can be used to distribute power between the front and rear axles . </P> <P> The described system handles extremely well , as it is able to accommodate various forces of movement and distribute power evenly and smoothly , making slippage unlikely . Once it does slip , however , recovery is difficult . If the left front wheel of a 4WD vehicle slips on an icy patch of road , for instance , the slipping wheel will spin faster than the other wheels due to the lower traction at that wheel . Since a differential applies equal torque to each half - shaft , power is reduced at the other wheels , even if they have good traction . This problem can happen in both 2WD and 4WD vehicles , whenever a driven wheel is placed on a surface with little traction or raised off the ground . The simplistic design works acceptably well for 2WD vehicles . It is much less acceptable for 4WD vehicles , because 4WD vehicles have twice as many wheels with which to lose traction , increasing the likelihood that it may happen . 4WD vehicles may also be more likely to drive on surfaces with reduced traction . However , since torque is divided amongst four wheels rather than two , each wheel receives approximately half the torque of a 2WD vehicle , reducing the potential for wheel slip . </P> To prevent slippage from happening some vehicles have controls for independently locking center , front , and rear differentials <H3> Limiting slippage ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Limited - slip differential ( LSD ) <P> Many differentials have no way of limiting the amount of engine power that gets sent to its attached output shafts . As a result , if a tire loses traction on acceleration , either because of a low

The term "4WD" in cars refers to

What is the meaning of 4wd in cars?

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</Tr> <Tr> <Th> 25 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Bad Moon Rising '' </Td> <Td> Patrick Norris </Td> <Td> Andrew Chambliss </Td> <Td> September 23 , 2010 ( 2010 - 09 - 23 ) </Td> <Td> 2J5253 </Td> <Td> 3.57 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Elena , Damon , and Alaric head to Isobel 's old office at Duke University , where it is revealed that vampires and werewolves used to roam freely until a shaman uttered a curse to limit their powers , after which the werewolves were servants of the moon and vampires became the slaves of the sun . Stefan teaches Caroline how to control herself and hunt animals . Bonnie makes Caroline a daylight ring so that she will not be burned by the sun . In werewolf form , Mason encounters Stefan and Caroline. Tyler saves them by shouting at the werewolf ; he later finds Mason in the woods and realises what has happened . Unable to control herself , Caroline feeds on Matt . She compels him to forget it , but ends their relationship to keep him safe from her . Damon tells Elena Katherine 's real name , Katerina Petrova , to aid Elena with her research . Alaric reaffirms his romantic interest in Jenna , and Caroline finds Katherine in her bedroom . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 26 </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` Memory Lane '' </Td> <Td> Rob Hardy </Td> <Td> Caroline Dries </Td> <Td> September 30 , 2010 ( 2010 - 09 - 30 ) </Td> <Td> 2J5254 </Td> <Td> 3.18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Katherine tells Stefan that she will kill Elena unless he ends his relationship with her , and as a result , Elena realizes that Caroline is working for Katherine . Elena and Katherine finally meet , but Katherine ignores Elena 's questions . Damon stabs Mason with a silver knife , but Mason says it is only a myth that silver hurts werewolves . They are now enemies . Katherine remembers how in 1864 , after Stefan and Damon were shot in an attempt to save her , she had kissed Stefan , declaring her love and saying they would be together again one day . Stefan and Elena stage a fake break - up to prevent Katherine from hurting anybody . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 27 </Th> <Td> 5 </Td> <Td> `` Kill or Be Killed '' </Td> <Td> Jeff Woolnough </Td> <Td> Mike Daniels </Td> <Td> October 7 , 2010 ( 2010 - 10 - 07 ) </Td> <Td> 2J5255 </Td> <Td> 3.47 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> At the Mystic Falls picnic , Mason Lockwood tells Sheriff Liz Forbes that Stefan and Damon are vampires . Liz and her fellow police officers shoot Stefan and Damon . Caroline and Elena reach the Salvatore 's before Liz can kill them , but Caroline 's identity as a vampire is exposed to her mother . Liz rejects Caroline as her daughter , and Stefan drinks Elena 's blood to gain strength . Caroline confesses to Elena that Katherine had threatened to kill Matt if Caroline did n't spy on Elena and Stefan for her ; Elena forgives Caroline . Jeremy and Tyler start to bond when Tyler learns that Jeremy knows about the curse . Tyler almost kills a girl , feeling for a second that he wants her to die . He then tells Mason that he wants nothing to do with the curse , and gives him the moonstone . It is revealed that Mason is working for Katherine , who wants the moonstone , and that they are lovers . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 28 </Th> <Td> 6 </Td> <Td> `` Plan B '' </Td> <Td> John Behring </Td> <Td> Elizabeth Craft & Sarah Fain </Td> <Td> October 21 , 2010 ( 2010 - 10 - 21 ) </Td> <Td> 2J5256 </Td> <Td> 3.62 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Liz accepts Caroline , and Caroline compels her mother to forget that she is a vampire . Bonnie incapacitates Mason by giving him an aneurysm . Damon then questions and tortures Mason who , believing that Katherine loves him , refuses to talk . Telling Mason that Katherine is using him , Damon eventually kills him . Bonnie has a vision of the moonstone 's location in a well . Stefan discovers that the well is full of vervain , which burns him . Caroline and Bonnie help Elena rescue Stefan and retrieve the moonstone . Katherine compels Jenna to stab herself . Fearful of what else Katherine might do , Elena breaks up with Stefan for good . Needing another werewolf , Katherine compels Matt to attack Tyler , so that Tyler will kill Matt and become a werewolf . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 29 </Th> <Td> 7 </Td> <Td> `` Masquerade '' </Td> <Td> Charles Beeson </Td> <Td> Kevin Williamson & Julie Plec </Td> <Td> October 28 , 2010 ( 2010 - 10 - 28 ) </Td> <Td> 2J5257 </Td> <Td> 3.55 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Stefan , Damon , Bonnie , Jeremy , Alaric , and Caroline plan to kill Katherine at the Lockwoods ' masquerade ball . Katherine is visited by Lucy , a witch who is to help her retrieve the moonstone . Under Katherine 's compulsion , Matt fights Tyler . Caroline breaks up the fight , but Sarah , who is also compelled , stabs Tyler , and he accidentally breaks her neck . Tyler 's eyes turn yellow , showing that the curse has been triggered . Stefan and Damon try to kill Katherine , but they stop when Jeremy tells them that every time they stake her , Elena is wounded . Katherine reveals that she had Lucy put a spell on Elena and herself , which linked them . Lucy , who is Bonnie 's cousin , lifts the spell and incapacitates Katherine , who collapses . Damon traps Katherine in the underground tomb . As Elena heads home she is intercepted by a masked stranger . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 30 </Th> <Td> 8 </Td> <Td> `` Rose '' </Td> <Td> Liz Friedlander </Td> <Td> Brian Young </Td> <Td> November 4 , 2010 ( 2010 - 11 - 04 ) </Td> <Td> 2J5258 </Td> <Td> 3.63 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> A vampire named Trevor takes Elena to an abandoned house , where she meets Rose , another vampire . When Tyler witnesses Caroline 's abilities , she reveals that she is a vampire . Elena overhears Rose and Trevor arguing about a vampire named Elijah . Using a spell , Bonnie locates Elena . Elena tries to extract information from Rose , who tells her that Elijah is one of the `` original '' vampires . Rose and Trevor are using Elena , the Petrova doppelgänger who is the key to breaking the curse , as a bargaining chip . Elijah arrives , and Rose offers him Elena in exchange for their pardon . Elijah agrees but kills Trevor . Elena tries to stall Elijah by saying that she knows where the moonstone is , but he compels her to tell him its location . Stefan and Damon arrive to fight with Elijah and stake him . Elena 's vervain necklace remains at the house . Later that night , Damon is in Elena 's bedroom with her vervain necklace in his hand . He tells her that he loves her but does n't deserve her , and that Stefan does . Then he compels her to forget what he said . In the abandoned house , Elijah pulls the wooden stake out of his chest . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 31 </Th> <Td> 9 </Td> <Td> `` Katerina '' </Td> <Td> J. Miller Tobin </Td> <Td> Andrew Chambliss </Td> <Td> November 11 , 2010 ( 2010 - 11 - 11 ) </Td> <Td> 2J5259 </Td> <Td> 3.50 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This episode 's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed . Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise . ( November 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> The episode begins in Bulgaria in 1490 and shows Katherine giving birth to a baby girl . Her father says that she has shamed their family and takes the baby away . In the present , Elena goes to the tomb , where she offers Katherine blood in exchange for the truth - that a doppelgänger from the Petrova line can be used to break the curse . As Katherine 's descendant , Elena is the current Petrova doppelgänger . Katherine reveals that she was expelled from Bulgaria and fled to England , where Elijah and Trevor found her . They recognized her as the Petrova doppelgänger and Elijah tried to kill her , but Trevor helped her to escape . She became a vampire so that she could not be used to break the curse . Katherine came to Mystic Falls to offer Klaus what he needed to lift the curse : the current doppelgänger , a witch , a werewolf , a vampire , and the moonstone . She hoped that Klaus would spare her life in exchange for this . Bonnie meets a warlock named Luka and his father . Jeremy is jealous of Bonnie 's attraction to Luka . Damon and Rose seek information about Klaus from Rose 's vampire friend , Slater , but a healed Elijah overhears them . Damon and Rose sleep together , and Elijah compels Slater to stake himself . It is revealed that Luka and his father are working for Elijah . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 32 </Th> <Td> 10 </Td> <Td> `` The Sacrifice '' </Td> <Td> Ralph Hemecker </Td> <Td> Caroline Dries </Td> <Td> December 2 , 2010 ( 2010 - 12 - 02 ) </Td> <Td> 2J5260 </Td> <Td> 3.46 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> Elena and Rose go to ask Slater about Klaus , but they find his staked corpse . Elena uses information from Slater 's computer to get Klaus 's attention , saying she wants to surrender . Caroline and Tyler discover Mason 's journal and the video diary that he used to document his transformations . Bonnie plans to lift the spell from the tomb and incapacitate Katherine so that Stefan can grab the moonstone , but Jeremy goes ahead with the plan alone and is captured by Katherine , who feeds on him . Stefan saves Jeremy but is trapped himself . Three vampires confront Damon , Rose , and Elena . Elijah kills the three vampires and then departs . Back home , a trapped Stefan makes Damon promise to protect Elena . Elijah informs Luka 's father that Damon and Stefan will protect Elena , which is Elijah 's goal . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> 33 </Th> <Td> 11 </Td> <Td> `` By the Light of the Moon '' </Td> <Td> Elizabeth Allen </Td> <Td> Mike Daniels </Td> <Td> December 9 , 2010 ( 2010 - 12 - 09 ) </Td> <Td> 2J5261 </Td> <Td> 3.16 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="8"> As the full moon approaches , Caroline helps Tyler prepare for his transformation . Stefan asks Katherine to prove that there is good in her , and she advises him to ask Isobel for help in finding Klaus . Bonnie seeks Luka 's help to destroy the moonstone ; they cast a spell , but Luka gives the moonstone to his father . Jules , a friend of Mason , arrives in Mystic Falls looking for him . Damon and Alaric try to trick her into having a drink mixed with wolfsbane . She reveals that she is a werewolf and tells Damon that he has been marked . Elijah makes a deal with Elena : she has to keep herself safe from Klaus ( so that Elijah can use her as bait to kill Klaus ) and in return , Elijah will protect her friends and family and free Stefan from the tomb . Caroline reunites with Tyler . At the Salvatore mansion , Jules , in wolf

Elijah first appears in Vampire Diaries in

When does elijah first appear in vampire diaries?

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Nala ( the Lion King ) - wikipedia <H1> Nala ( the Lion King ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Nala </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> The Lion King character </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Adult Nala as she appears in the first film </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> First appearance </Th> <Td> The Lion King ( 1994 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Created by </Th> <Td> Irene Mecchi Jonathan Roberts Linda Woolverton </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Voiced by </Th> <Td> Moira Kelly ( adult , speaking ) Niketa Calame ( cub , speaking ) Sally Dworsky ( adult , singing ) Laura Williams ( cub , singing ) Gabrielle Union ( The Lion Guard ) Beyoncé ( adult in the 2019 remake ) Shahadi Wright Joseph ( cub in the 2019 remake ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Information </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Species </Th> <Td> Lion </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Gender </Th> <Td> Female </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Family </Th> <Td> Sarafina ( mother ) Mufasa ( father - in - law , deceased ) Sarabi ( mother - in - law ) Kovu ( son - in - law ) Scar ( uncle - in - law , deceased ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Spouse ( s ) </Th> <Td> Simba ( husband ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Children </Th> <Td> Kopa ( son ) Kiara ( daughter ) Kion ( son ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> Nala is a fictional lioness , a character who appears in the Disney Lion King franchise . Introduced in the animated film The Lion King in 1994 , Nala subsequently appears as a less prominent character in the film 's sequels The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride ( 1998 ) and The Lion King 11⁄2 ( 2004 ) . In the original film , the adult Nala was voiced by American actress Moira Kelly . Young Nala 's speaking voice is provided by actress Niketa Calame , while singers Laura Williams and Sally Dworsky provide the singing voices of young and adult Nala respectively . </P> <P> Nala is introduced as the childhood best friend of Simba , and ultimately becomes his wife by the end of The Lion King . Several years after Simba 's uncle Scar has killed Simba 's father Mufasa and usurped the throne , Nala desperately ventures into the jungle to find help . Upon unexpectedly reuniting with a grown Simba , who she had long been tricked by Scar into presuming dead , Nala encourages him to return to Pride Rock , overthrow his uncle and ultimately become king . As Simba 's queen , Nala has a daughter , Kiara , whose story is explored in The Lion King : Simba 's Pride . </P> <P> Nala is the most significant female character in The Lion King . As the film was inspired by William Shakespeare 's tragedy Hamlet , Nala is considered to be The Lion King 's equivalent of Hamlet 's love interest Ophelia , although differences remain between the two characters . Many early concepts first developed for Nala were eventually abandoned , including a brother and father for the character , as well as her being romantically pursued by Scar . While critical reception towards Nala has been generally mixed -- both film and feminist critics complained about the character 's lack of involvement in the story and supposedly submissive demeanor during the song `` Can You Feel the Love Tonight '' -- Kelly 's vocal performance has been praised . </P> <P> Nala appears in the Broadway musical adaptation of the film , first played by singer Heather Headley . The character also appears in the television series The Lion Guard , with Gabrielle Union replacing Kelly as the voice of Nala . Beyoncé is set to voice the character in the upcoming 2019 remake of the original film directed by Jon Favreau . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Development <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Conception and writing </Li> <Li> 1.2 Voice and music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Characterization and themes </Li> <Li> 3 Appearances <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Film and television </Li> <Li> 3.2 Musical </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Reception </Li> <Li> 5 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Development ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Conception and writing ( edit ) </H3> <P> Film critic James Berardinelli identified Nala as The Lion King 's `` sole significant female character . '' Screenwriter Linda Woolverton conceived Nala `` as part of a gradual progression ... which have driven recent public conversation about what young girls should be able to expect from their cinematic role models . '' In early versions of the screenplay , Nala has a younger brother named Mheetu , who enjoys accompanying his sister and her best friend Simba on their adventures . Pronounced `` me too '' , the character 's name alludes to this personality trait . At one point , Simba was supposed to save the cub from a wildebeest stampede , and Nala would eventually become responsible for protecting Mheetu from Simba 's tyrannical uncle Scar . Nala also had a fox friend named Bhati . According to Woolverton , Mheetu and Bhati were eventually written out of the film because their stories were beginning to distract from Simba 's , in addition to the Mheetu - Scar subplot making the film too dark when combined with the death of Simba 's father Mufasa . At one point , Nala also had a father ; the character was similarly abandoned . </P> <P> Because The Lion King was originally conceived as a much more mature and adult - oriented film , Nala was supposed to have been banished from the Pride Lands as punishment for rejecting Scar 's romantic advances . This idea was to have been further explored in Scar 's song `` Be Prepared ( Reprise ) '' , during which Scar demands that Nala become his queen , but the musical number was ultimately cut from the final film because the scene was considered too `` creepy . '' Matthew Roulette of TheFW believes that the scene was abandoned because of the characters ' significant age difference . This scene however appears in the musical during the song `` The Madness of King Scar '' , minus Scar banishing Nala . </P> <P> Nala means `` gift '' in Swahili . The character has a mother , whose name is never mentioned in the film ; however , she is credited as Sarafina during the film 's end credits . Candice Russel of the Sun - Sentinel believes that Nala contributes to the film 's love story -- `` an indispensable factor in Disney cartoon features '' -- in addition to convincing Simba to return to Pride Rock . It has been observed that , unlike Disney 's three previous animated efforts ( The Little Mermaid ( 1989 ) , Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) and Aladdin ( 1992 ) , the romantic relationship between Nala and Simba is not main plot of the film . Ella Ceron of Thought Catalog observed that `` At ( Simba 's ) return , she 's not exactly the friendliest little kitten , either ... but is willing to overlook her own hurt ego in the spirit of their friendship . She believes in Simba , and does n't understand why he would n't want to fight for his right to rule . '' </P> <H3> Voice and music ( edit ) </H3> <P> The speaking voice of adult Nala is provided by American actress Moira Kelly . Kelly was first informed that Disney was scheduling auditions for the role of Nala by her agent . Despite not having been the directors ' first choice for the role initially , Kelly was allowed to audition nonetheless because the filmmakers had been longing to hear different voices . Kelly believes that the directors were searching for a specific `` quality of voice ... a sort of authoritative voice but with a lot of warmth '' to compliment Nala 's sensible yet nurturing personality . After a series of callbacks , during which Kelly returned to Disney several times to read the character 's lines , the final decision eventually came down to be between Kelly and one other actress . It was not until several months after her audition that Kelly would finally be contacted and offered the part ; Disney 's initial first choice for the role remains undisclosed . Actor Matthew Broderick , voice of Simba , had already begun recording alongside another actress who had been cast as Nala before that actress was eventually replaced with Kelly . Broderick was not informed about his original co-star being recast , and only learned that Nala was actually voiced by Kelly at the film 's premiere . </P> <P> The film 's entire recording process took approximately three years to complete , during which Kelly 's sessions were held in both the United States and Canada , while her co-stars Broderick and Jeremy Irons , voice of Scar , were recording in the United States and England , respectively . Each main cast member recorded their dialogue separately , which took Kelly some time to get used to because she had grown accustomed to working with several other actors at a time on the sets of live - action films . For The Lion King , a director would often take the place of another actor for Kelly to act opposite of . Vocally , Kelly decided to approach the role as though she were reading to a child , explaining , `` it 's kind of fun to play with different voices and try to color the lines for the child so they can imagine it more fully '' , which she admitted is different than how the actress would approach a live - action role . Because Nala is a `` very straight character '' , determining what kind of voice she would use for her was not a particularly challenging task . Additionally , the filmmakers would also film Kelly 's performances in order to incorporate her own facial expressions into her character 's design , the process of which impressed the actress . In her film debut , actress Niketa Calame voices young Nala . According to Calame 's official website , Nala remains the actress ' `` biggest role to date '' . A classically trained pianist and chorister , Laura Williams provides the singing voice of young Nala , which can be heard in the song `` I Just Ca n't Wait to Be King '' ; the singer was 15 years old at the time . Meanwhile , singer - songwriter Sally Dworsky provides the singing voice of adult Nala , which is heard during the song `` Can You Feel the Love Tonight '' . The film 's love theme , `` Can You Feel the Love Tonight '' 's lyrics were re-written approximately 15 times , according to lyricist Tim Rice , who wrote the song alongside composer Elton John . At one point , the producers wanted the song to be a comical duet performed by supporting characters Timon and Pumbaa , despite the fact that John had originally composed the song with Nala and Simba in mind . However , John lobbied in favor of `` Can You Feel the Love Tonight '' being a love song performed as a duet by Nala and Simba , with which the filmmakers ultimately agreed . </P> <P> When asked by Disney if she was interested in reprising her role as Nala in The Lion King II : Simba 's Pride , Kelly immediately accepted , joking , `` Sure , you wan na do a third , fourth , fifth ? I 'm right there '' . In the case of The Lion King 11⁄2 , it took the actress only a few days to record her character 's dialogue due to Nala 's comparatively smaller role in the film ; much of Nala 's footage from the first

The voice of Nala in The Lion King is provided by

Who does the voice of nala in the lion king?

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God Gave Rock and Roll to You - wikipedia <H1> God Gave Rock and Roll to You </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( January 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` God Gave Rock and Roll to You '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Argent </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album In Deep </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> B - side </Th> <Td> `` Christmas for the Free '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 1973 ( 1973 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1971 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Rock , progressive rock </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 6 : 45 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Russ Ballard </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Rod Argent , Chris White </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` God Gave Rock and Roll to You '' is a 1973 song by the British band Argent and covered by both Petra , in 1977 and 1984 , and Kiss in 1991 , both with modified lyrics . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Versions <Ul> <Li> 1.1 Kiss version <Ul> <Li> 1.1. 1 Line - up </Li> <Li> 1.1. 2 Video </Li> <Li> 1.1. 3 Chart performance </Li> <Li> 1.1. 4 Versions </Li> <Li> 1.1. 5 Personnel </Li> </Ul> </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 References </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Versions </H2> <P> Argent recorded the song in 1971 during the sessions for their album All Together Now , but it originally did not appear as an album track until 1973 's In Deep , and was released as a successful single at that time . The 1997 CD re-release of All Together Now has the track included as a bonus . The original lyrics include a reference to British pop singer Cliff Richard , known for his Christianity . </P> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` God Gave Rock and Roll to You '' The song , as recorded by Petra on their 1977 album Come and Join Us . '' </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The Christian rock band Petra first released a cover version of the song in their 1977 album Come and Join Us . This version had modified lyrics in the verses from the Argent original , while the chorus remained largely unchanged . Petra then re-recorded and released a somewhat updated version for their 1984 album Beat the System . </P> <P> In 1989 , the British band the Truth released a version . </P> <P> In 1991 , the song was notably covered by Kiss under the title `` God Gave Rock ' N ' Roll to You II '' . This version 's lyrics and arrangement more closely followed the Petra version of the song . It was released for the film Bill & Ted 's Bogus Journey . </P> <P> The song has also been covered by Bride featuring rap group DOC and by Midtown . Unrest remade the song as `` God Gave Rock & Roll To You III '' for their 1992 Bavarian Mods EP . </P> <H3> Kiss version </H3> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> `` God Gave Rock ' N ' Roll to You II '' </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Single by Kiss </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> from the album Bill & Ted 's Bogus Journey : Music from the Motion Picture and Revenge </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> 22 August 1991 ( 1991 - 08 - 22 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Format </Th> <Td> CD single </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Recorded </Th> <Td> 1991 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Genre </Th> <Td> Hard rock , heavy metal </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 5 : 18 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Label </Th> <Td> Interscope 7567 96275 - 2 ( Europe ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Songwriter ( s ) </Th> <Td> Russ Ballard , Paul Stanley , Gene Simmons , Bob Ezrin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Producer ( s ) </Th> <Td> Bob Ezrin </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Kiss singles chronology </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Rise to It '' / `` Silver Spoon '' ( 1990 ) </Td> <Td> `` God Gave Rock ' N ' Roll to You II '' / `` String Module Error : Match not found '' ( 1991 ) </Td> <Td> `` Unholy '' / `` God Gave Rock ' N ' Roll to You II '' ( 1992 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Td> `` Rise to It '' / `` Silver Spoon '' ( 1990 ) </Td> <Td> `` God Gave Rock ' N ' Roll to You II '' / `` Junior 's Gone Wild '' ( performed by King 's X ) ( 1991 ) </Td> <Td> `` Unholy '' / `` God Gave Rock ' N ' Roll to You II '' ( 1992 ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> `` God Gave Rock ' N ' Roll to You II '' ( 1991 ) Harmonizing with Paul Stanley during the bridge of `` God Gave Rock ' N ' Roll to You II '' would be Eric Carr 's final recording with Kiss before his death in 1991 . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Problems playing this file ? See media help . </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> `` God Gave Rock ' N ' Roll to You II '' is a cover of the song by the American hard rock band Kiss . Kiss first released it as a single in 1991 , featured on the soundtrack to the movie Bill & Ted 's Bogus Journey , and was later included on Kiss ' 1992 album Revenge . </P> <P> Though the song covered the Argent 1973 song `` God Gave Rock and Roll to You '' it had substantially modified lyrics in the verses , thus the reason behind the slight change in the name of the song . It is one of the few songs from Kiss 's non-makeup era to be played live since the band returned to makeup . </P> Line - up <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> It was the last Kiss song to feature longtime drummer Eric Carr before his death in 1991 . Although he was too ill to play drums on the track , he is featured on backing vocals during the a cappella break , singing the repeated line `` ... to everyone , he gave a song to be sung '' , as well as performing drums during the video for the song . The drum tracks were recorded by Eric Singer , who would become Kiss ' full - time drummer , following Carr 's death . </P> <P> The single was also the first to feature Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley sharing lead vocals since `` I '' from 1981 's Music from `` The Elder '' . </P> Video <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The video was filmed in Los Angeles , California in July 1991 and was directed by Mark Rezyka . It features the band playing in a hangar at Van Nuys Airport with flashbacks of Simmons and Stanley and their old bandmates Peter Criss and Ace Frehley during the make - up era of Kiss 's heyday . There were no prominent clips of Carr during the make - up years featured in the video , even though he was a part of that era for three - and - a-half - years . During the Kissology Volume Two : 1978 - 1991 special aired on VH1 classic , Gene Simmons has stated that , `` It 's not just a cover song for a soundtrack , but a testament to Eric Carr , and I think a lot of people do n't realize that . '' </P> Chart performance <P> The song proved to be a big hit for the band in many parts of the world , including making the Top Ten in the United Kingdom and Germany . It reached number 21 on Billboard 's Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in the US , as well as its video receiving heavy rotation on music television channels . </P> Versions <P> The version released as a single and on the soundtrack to Bill & Ted 's Bogus Journey differs slightly from that played in the film . In the film , a 40 - second guitar solo is played by Steve Vai . It was later included on Steve Vai 's album The Elusive Light and Sound , Vol. 1 under the title `` Final Solo '' . </P> <P> `` God Gave Rock and Roll to You II '' would also be included on the Kiss album Alive III , which was released in 1993 . </P> Personnel <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . ( June 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Ul> <Li> Paul Stanley -- rhythm and lead guitar , lead vocals </Li> <Li> Gene Simmons -- bass , lead vocals </Li> <Li> Bruce Kulick -- lead guitar , background vocals </Li> <Li> Eric Singer -- drums , background vocals </Li> <Li> Eric Carr -- background vocals </Li> </Ul> <H2> References </H2> <Ol> <Li> ^ Jump up to : Powell , Mark Allan ( 2002 ) . Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music . Peabody , Massachusetts : Hendrickson Publishers . p. 693 . ISBN 1 - 56563 - 679 - 1 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Bride -- God Gave Rock And Roll To You '' . Discogs . Retrieved 25 September 2016 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Bride Discography '' . www.bridepub.com . Retrieved 25 September 2016 . Videos : 1993 God Gave Rock - n - Roll to You </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ y2daddy ( 28 October 2012 ) , Bride with DOC God Gave Rock & Roll To You , retrieved 25 September 2016 </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Unrest ( 2 ) -- Bavarian Mods And Other Hits at Discogs '' . Discogs.com . Retrieved 14 April 2013 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Retrochart for January 1992 '' . everyHit.com . Retrieved 21 August 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Billboard singles chart history - Kiss '' . Retrieved 18 February 2009 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ MusicFan5152 ( 19 December 2008 ) . `` Kiss -- God Gave Rock And Roll To You '' . YouTube . Retrieved 5 December 2011 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ Ridfaderz ( 29 September 2007 ) . `` God Gave Rock N Roll To You '' . YouTube . Retrieved 5 December 2011 . </Li> </Ol> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> Argent </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Ul> <Li> Rod Argent </Li> <Li> Bob Henrit </Li> <Li> Russ Ballard </Li> <Li> Jim Rodford </Li> <Li> John Verity </Li> <Li> John Grimaldi </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Studio albums </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Argent (

The Christian rock band that sings "God Gave Rock and Roll to You" is

Who sings god gave rock and roll to you?

-9218071870296104401

My Little Pony : the Movie ( 2017 film ) - wikipedia <H1> My Little Pony : the Movie ( 2017 film ) </H1> Jump to : navigation , search <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> My Little Pony : The Movie </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> Theatrical release poster </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Directed by </Th> <Td> Jayson Thiessen </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Produced by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Brian Goldner </Li> <Li> Stephen Davis </Li> <Li> Marcia Gwendolyn Jones </Li> <Li> Haven Alexander </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Screenplay by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Meghan McCarthy </Li> <Li> Rita Hsiao </Li> <Li> Michael Vogel </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Story by </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Meghan McCarthy </Li> <Li> Joe Ballarini </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Based on </Th> <Td> My Little Pony : Friendship Is Magic by Lauren Faust </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Starring </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Uzo Aduba </Li> <Li> Ashleigh Ball </Li> <Li> Emily Blunt </Li> <Li> Kristin Chenoweth </Li> <Li> Taye Diggs </Li> <Li> Andrea Libman </Li> <Li> Michael Peña </Li> <Li> Zoe Saldana </Li> <Li> Liev Schreiber </Li> <Li> Sia </Li> <Li> Tabitha St. Germain </Li> <Li> Tara Strong </Li> <Li> Cathy Weseluck </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Music by </Th> <Td> Daniel Ingram </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Cinematography </Th> <Td> Anthony Di Ninno </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Edited by </Th> <Td> Braden Oberson </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Production company </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Allspark Pictures </Li> <Li> DHX Media </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Distributed by </Th> <Td> Lionsgate </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Release date </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> September 24 , 2017 ( 2017 - 09 - 24 ) ( New York City ) </Li> <Li> October 6 , 2017 ( 2017 - 10 - 06 ) ( United States and Canada ) </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> <Li> </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Running time </Th> <Td> 99 minutes </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Country </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> United States </Li> <Li> Canada </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Language </Th> <Td> English </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Box office </Th> <Td> $52.3 million </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> My Little Pony : The Movie is a 2017 animated musical fantasy film based on the television series My Little Pony : Friendship Is Magic , which was developed as part of the 2010 re-launch of the My Little Pony franchise by Hasbro . The film was directed by Jayson Thiessen and based on a story and screenplay co-written by Meghan McCarthy , both Friendship Is Magic veterans . In addition to the series ' regular voice cast of Tara Strong , Ashleigh Ball , Andrea Libman , Tabitha St. Germain and Cathy Weseluck , the film also features the voices of Emily Blunt , Kristin Chenoweth , Liev Schreiber , Michael Peña , Sia , Taye Diggs , Uzo Aduba and Zoe Saldana as new characters . </P> <P> The film was produced by Allspark Pictures and DHX Media , using traditional animation created with Toon Boom Harmony . It premiered in New York City on September 24 , 2017 , and was released on October 6 , 2017 in the United States and Canada through Lionsgate . The film received mixed reviews from critics and has grossed over $52 million worldwide . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Plot </Li> <Li> 2 Cast </Li> <Li> 3 Production <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Development </Li> <Li> 3.2 Casting </Li> <Li> 3.3 Animation </Li> <Li> 3.4 Music </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Release <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Marketing </Li> <Li> 4.2 Home media </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Reception <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Box office </Li> <Li> 5.2 Critical response </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 References </Li> <Li> 7 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Plot ( edit ) </H2> <P> The ponies of Equestria prepare for their first Friendship Festival , which is overseen by Princess Twilight Sparkle in Canterlot . The festivities are interrupted by an invasion of monstrous storm creatures commanded by the broken - horned unicorn Tempest Shadow , who uses magical obsidian orbs to petrify Twilight 's fellow princesses ; Princess Celestia unsuccessfully urges Princess Luna to seek help south of Equestria , uttering `` the queen of the hippo '' before being interrupted . Twilight flees the city alongside her five pony friends -- Pinkie Pie , Rainbow Dash , Rarity , Applejack , and Fluttershy -- and her assistant dragon , Spike . Tempest is contacted by her superior , the Storm King , who reminds her to gather all of Equestria 's princesses in order to activate his mystical staff with their magic , promising to repair her horn in exchange . </P> <P> Twilight 's group travel to the desert city of Klugetown in search of the aforementioned `` hippos '' . Feline con artist Capper falsely offers to escort the group , secretly intending to sell them to settle a debt to a local criminal . However , he develops a genuine friendship with them after Rarity generously mends his coat . Twilight discovers an atlas that reveals the `` hippos '' to be hippogriffs , exposing Capper 's treachery before Tempest arrives in pursuit of Twilight . After the group evade Tempest aboard a delivery airship , Tempest brings Capper to guide her to them , but he deliberately misdirects her to atone for deceiving the group . </P> <P> The airship 's birdlike crew reluctantly allow the group passage during a lunch break , revealing themselves to be former pirates that have been forced into the Storm King 's service . Rainbow Dash persuades the pirates to defy orders and take her group to the hippogriffs ' kingdom on Mount Aris . In celebration , she performs a Sonic Rainboom that inadvertently gives their location away to Tempest , forcing the group to escape in a makeshift hot air balloon before Tempest destroys the ship with the pirates and Capper on board . </P> <P> The group reach Mount Aris to find it seemingly deserted . They explore the ruins and become trapped in an underwater cavern , where they are saved from drowning by the seapony Princess Skystar and led to her undersea home of Seaquestria . Skystar identifies her kind as the hippogriffs , transformed by a magic pearl used by her mother , Queen Novo , to hide from the Storm King ; Novo demonstrates by turning the ponies into seaponies and Spike into a pufferfish . When Novo denies them the pearl to use against the Storm King , Twilight desperately attempts to steal it while letting her oblivious friends befriend the seaponies as a distraction . Pinkie Pie nearly changes Novo 's mind until Twilight is caught , prompting the outraged queen to banish the entire group to the surface . </P> <P> Abandoned by her friends over her actions , Twilight is abducted by Tempest and brought before the Storm King in Canterlot to have her magic absorbed ; Tempest gains Twilight 's sympathy after divulging how her own friends shunned her for her dangerously unstable magic after she lost her horn in a monster attack as a filly . Meanwhile , after Spike alerts Twilight 's friends to her capture , Capper , the pirates , and the hippogriff Skystar return to help them infiltrate Canterlot and mount a rescue . The Storm King retaliates by conjuring a tornado in the city with his newly empowered staff , betraying Tempest as well . Twilight saves Tempest from the tornado and reconciles with her friends , successfully working together with them to take the staff and disperse the storm . The Storm King hurls an obsidian orb at the group to reclaim the staff , but Tempest jumps in his way , petrifying them both . The Storm King 's body falls and shatters , while the group use the staff 's magic to revive Tempest , who opts to return the stolen magic to restore the princesses and the damaged city instead of her horn . </P> <P> The Friendship Festival resumes , and the ponies celebrate with all of the allies Twilight 's group have made on their adventure . Tempest is convinced by Twilight to join them by producing a fireworks display with her magic , happily accepting the group 's friendship . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> See also : List of My Little Pony : Friendship Is Magic characters <Ul> <Li> Tara Strong as Twilight Sparkle , a highly magical and intelligent alicorn who is Equestria 's Princess of Friendship , responsible for spreading friendship and harmony across the kingdom . She is also the leader of the `` Mane 6 '' ponies . Rebecca Shoichet performs Twilight Sparkle 's singing voice . </Li> <Li> Ashleigh Ball as Rainbow Dash and Applejack , two of the `` Mane 6 '' ; Rainbow Dash is a loyal pegasus with an adventurous spirit , and Applejack is an honest apple farmer pony . </Li> <Li> Andrea Libman as Pinkie Pie and Fluttershy , two of the `` Mane 6 '' ; Pinkie Pie is a party - obsessed pony filled with joy and laughter , and Fluttershy is a kind yet timid pegasus who cares for animals . Shannon Chan - Kent performs Pinkie Pie 's singing voice . </Li> <Li> Tabitha St. Germain as Rarity , a generous fashion designer unicorn and one of the `` Mane 6 '' . Kazumi Evans performs Rarity 's singing voice . </Li> <Li> Cathy Weseluck as Spike , a baby dragon who is Twilight Sparkle 's faithful assistant . </Li> <Li> Emily Blunt as Tempest Shadow , an embittered unicorn once known as Fizzlepop Berrytwist who serves as the Storm King 's second - in - command in order to repair her broken horn . On the development of the character , screenwriter Meghan McCarthy said , `` We just arrived at this idea of a character who had come from Equestria , and had not had the positive experience that Twilight ( Sparkle ) and her friends had . It felt like a good counterpart to our heroes was to have a villain who did n't just not get friendship , but had a reason that she did n't understand it . '' McCarthy also called Blunt 's performance `` a big influence '' on how the character was animated in the film . </Li> <Li> Michael Peña as Grubber , a wisecracking hedgehog creature and Tempest Shadow 's cohort . McCarthy said that Grubber `` needed to be goofy '' to counterpoint the `` very straight - laced , hardcore '' Tempest . Peña ad - libbed much of the character 's dialogue , with McCarthy saying , `` You get Michael Peña in a recording booth , and you just are like , ' Please just go and say funny things . ' He will be there for hours , just giving you all kinds of really great material that was not something that we had originally scripted ! '' </Li> <Li> Liev Schreiber as the Storm King , the despotic , satyr - like leader of the storm creatures who conquers lands in search of powerful magic to control the weather . On his acceptance of the role , Schreiber said that he wanted something child - friendly for his kids to watch , noting his repertoire of violent , adult - oriented films . Comparing his character to Basil Rathbone , Schreiber said the Storm King `` is prone to temper tantrums , and he 's a little crazy . He has a wide range of behaviors . '' He considers the character to be `` one of the more intense roles ( he 's ) played '' . </Li> <Li> Taye Diggs as Capper , a humanoid alley cat who is a cunning yet good - hearted con artist . Diggs , who was excited to appear in an animated film , says , `` I 'm very movement - oriented , so just looking at the way Capper is positioned , the expressions on his face ,

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relatively quick , from 1519 to 1521 , and aided by his Tlaxcala and other allies from indigenous city - states or altepetl . These polities allied against the Aztec empire , to which they paid tribute following conquest or threat of conquest , leaving the city - states ' political hierarchy and social structure in place . </P> <P> The Spanish conquest of Yucatán was a much longer campaign , from 1551 to 1697 , against the Maya peoples in the Yucatán Peninsula of present - day Mexico and northern Central America . Hernán Cortés ' landing ashore at present day Veracruz and founding the Spanish city there on April 22 , 1519 marked the beginning of 300 years of Spanish hegemony over the region . The assertion of royal control over the Kingdom of New Spain and the initial Spanish conquerors took over a decade , with importance of the region meriting the creation of the Viceroyalty of New Spain . Established by Charles V in 1535 , the first viceroy was Don Antonio de Mendoza . </P> <P> Spain colonized and exerted control of Alta California through the Spanish missions in California until the Mexican secularization act of 1833 . </P> <H3> Peru ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire Vasco Núñez de Balboa claiming possession of the South Sea ( Pacific Ocean ) Map depicting the route of Pizarro from Panama to Cuzco <P> In 1532 at the Battle of Cajamarca a group of Spaniards under Francisco Pizarro and their indigenous Andean Indian auxiliaries native allies ambushed and captured the Emperor Atahualpa of the Inca Empire . It was the first step in a long campaign that took decades of fighting to subdue the mightiest empire in the Americas . In the following years Spain extended its rule over the Empire of the Inca civilization . </P> <P> The Spanish took advantage of a recent civil war between the factions of the two brothers Emperor Atahualpa and Huáscar , and the enmity of indigenous nations the Incas had subjugated , such as the Huancas , Chachapoyas , and Cañaris . In the following years the conquistadors and indigenous allies extended control over Greater Andes Region . The Viceroyalty of Perú was established in 1542 . The last Inca stronghold was conquered by the Spanish in 1572 . </P> <H3> Río de la Plata and Paraguay ( edit ) </H3> <P> European explorers arrived in Río de la Plata in 1516 . Their first Spanish settlement in this zone was the Fort of Sancti Spiritu established in 1527 next to the Paraná River . Buenos Aires , a permanent colony , was established in 1536 and in 1537 Asunción was established in the area that is now Paraguay . Buenos Aires suffered attacks by the indigenous peoples that forced the settlers away , and in 1541 the site was abandoned . A second ( and permanent ) settlement was established in 1580 by Juan de Garay , who arrived by sailing down the Paraná River from Asunción ( now the capital of Paraguay ) . He dubbed the settlement `` Santísima Trinidad '' and its port became `` Puerto de Santa María de los Buenos Aires . '' The city came to be the head of the Governorate of the Río de la Plata and in 1776 elevated to be the capital of the new Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata . </P> <H3> New Granada ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Spanish conquest of the Muisca See also : Spanish conquest of the Chibchan Nations <P> Between 1537 and 1543 , six Spanish expeditions entered highland Colombia , conquered the Muisca Confederation , and set up the New Kingdom of Granada ( Spanish : Nuevo Reino de Granada ) . Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada was the leading conquistador with his brother Hernán second in command . It was governed by the president of the Audiencia of Bogotá , and comprised an area corresponding mainly to modern - day Colombia and parts of Venezuela . The conquistadors originally organized it as a captaincy general within the Viceroyalty of Peru . The crown established the audiencia in 1549 . Ultimately , the kingdom became part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada first in 1717 and permanently in 1739 . After several attempts to set up independent states in the 1810s , the kingdom and the viceroyalty ceased to exist altogether in 1819 with the establishment of Gran Colombia . </P> <H2> Governance ( edit ) </H2> Main articles : Spanish Empire , Viceroyalty of New Spain , Viceroyalty of Peru , and Intendant § The Spanish Monarchy Argentine Cabildo council <P> Spain 's administration of its colonies in the Americas was divided into the Viceroyalty of New Spain 1535 ( capital , Mexico City ) , and the Viceroyalty of Peru 1542 ( capital , Lima ) . In the 18th century the additional Viceroyalty of New Granada 1717 ( capital , Bogotá ) , and Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata 1776 ( capital , Buenos Aires ) were established from portions of the Viceroyalty of Peru . The change diminished the political and economic power of the viceroyalty and opened formal connections between the mining district of Upper Peru and the port of Buenos Aires . </P> <P> The system of crown rule evolved from the era of the Catholic Monarchs , which established the Council of the Indies , to the establishment of viceroyalties in Mexico and Peru following their conquests in the Hapsburg era , and then into an Intendant system in the eighteenth century as part of the Bourbon Reforms . The reform was aimed at increasing crown control over its colonies , raising more revenue , and promoting greater efficiency . </P> <H3> Dominions ( edit ) </H3> Juan Ponce de León ( Santervás de Campos , Valladolid , Spain ) led the first European expedition to Florida , which he named . North America , Central America ( edit ) <Ul> <Li> Viceroyalty of New Spain ( 1535 -- 1821 ) <Ul> <Li> Las Californias </Li> <Li> Nuevo Reino de León </Li> <Li> Nuevo Santander </Li> <Li> Nueva Vizcaya </Li> <Li> Santa Fe de Nuevo México </Li> <Li> Nueva Extremadura </Li> <Li> Nueva Galicia </Li> <Li> Captaincy General of Guatemala </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> Captaincy General of the Philippines ( administered by New Spain from 1565 to 1821 , then after Mexican independence transferred to and directly administered by Madrid until 1898 ) </Li> <Li> Captaincy General of Cuba ( until 1898 ) -- Included in this captaincy general until 1819 was Florida . </Li> <Li> Captaincy General of Puerto Rico ( until 1898 ) </Li> <Li> Santo Domingo ( last Spanish rule 1861 -- 1865 ) </Li> </Ul> South America ( edit ) <Ul> <Li> Viceroyalty of Perú ( 1542 -- 1824 ) </Li> <Li> Captaincy General of Chile ( 1541 -- 1818 ) </Li> <Li> Viceroyalty of New Granada ( 1717 -- 1819 ) </Li> <Li> Captaincy General of Venezuela </Li> <Li> Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata ( 1776 -- 1814 ) </Li> </Ul> <H2> 19th century ( edit ) </H2> Main article : Spanish American wars of independence Spanish colonialization in the Americas . <P> During the Napoleonic Peninsular War in Europe between France and Spain , assemblies called juntas were established to rule in the name of Ferdinand VII of Spain . The Libertadores ( Spanish and Portuguese for `` Liberators '' ) were the principal leaders of the Spanish American wars of independence . They were predominantly criollos ( Americas - born people of European ancestry , mostly Spanish or Portuguese ) , bourgeois and influenced by liberalism and in some cases with military training in the mother country . </P> <P> In 1809 the first declarations of independence from Spanish rule occurred in the Viceroyalty of New Granada . The first two were in present - day Bolivia at Sucre ( May 25 ) , and La Paz ( July 16 ) ; and the third in present - day Ecuador at Quito ( August 10 ) . In 1810 Mexico declared independence , with the Mexican War of Independence following for over a decade . In 1821 Treaty of Córdoba established Mexican independence from Spain and concluded the War . The Plan of Iguala was part of the peace treaty to establish a constitutional foundation for an independent Mexico . </P> <P> These began a movement for colonial independence that spread to Spain 's other colonies in the Americas . The ideas from the French and the American Revolution influenced the efforts . All of the colonies , except Cuba and Puerto Rico , attained independence by the 1820s . The British Empire offered support , wanting to end the Spanish monopoly on trade with its colonies in the Americas . </P> <P> In 1898 , the United States achieved victory in the Spanish -- American War with Spain , ending the Spanish colonial era . Spanish possession and rule of its remaining colonies in the Americas ended in that year with its sovereignty transferred to the United States . The United States took occupation of Cuba , the Philippines , and Puerto Rico . Puerto Rico continues to be a possession of the United States , now officially continues as a self - governing unincorporated territory . </P> <H3> Demographic impact ( edit ) </H3> <P> It has been estimated that over 1.86 million Spaniards emigrated to Latin America in the period between 1492 and 1824 , with millions more continuing to immigrate following independence . </P> <P> In Hispaniola , the indigenous Taíno pre-contact population before the arrival of Columbus of several hundred thousand had declined to sixty thousand by 1509 . Although population estimates vary , Dominican friar Bartolomé de las Casas , the `` Defender of the Indians '' estimated there were 6 million ( 6,000,000 ) Taíno and Arawak in the Caribbean at the time of Columbus 's arrival in 1492 . </P> <P> The population of the Native Amerindian population in Mexico declined by an estimated 90 % ( reduced to 1 -- 2.5 million people ) by the early 17th century . In Peru the indigenous Amerindian pre-contact population of around 6.5 million declined to 1 million by the early 17th century . The overwhelming cause of the decline in both Mexico and Peru was infectious diseases , although the brutality of the Encomienda also played a significant part in the population decline . </P> <P> Of the history of the indigenous population of California , Sherburne F. Cook ( 1896 -- 1974 ) was the most painstakingly careful researcher . From decades of research he made estimates for the pre-contact population and the history of demographic decline during the Spanish and post-Spanish periods . According to Cook , the indigenous Californian population at first contact , in 1769 , was about 310,000 and had dropped to 25,000 by 1910 . The vast majority of the decline happened after the Spanish period , during the Mexican and US periods of Californian history ( 1821 -- 1910 ) , with the most dramatic collapse ( 200,000 to 25,000 ) occurring in the US period ( 1846 -- 1910 ) . </P> <H2> See also ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> New Spain portal </Li> <Li> Colombia portal </Li> <Li> Argentina portal </Li> <Li> Ecuador portal </Li> <Li> Venezuela portal </Li> </Ul> <Ul> <Li> Atlantic World </Li> <Li> Historiography of Colonial Spanish America </Li> <Li> Black Legend </Li> <Li> Habsburg Spain </Li> <Li> Inter caetera </Li> <Li> List of largest empires </Li> <Li> New Spain </Li> <Li> Old Spanish Trail ( trade route ) </Li> <Li> Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas </Li> <Li> Smallpox Epidemics in the New World </Li> <Li> Spanish conquest of Chiapas </Li> <Li> Spanish conquest of El Salvador </Li> <Li> Spanish conquest of Guatemala </Li> <Li> Spanish conquest of Honduras </Li> <Li> Spanish conquest of Petén </Li> <Li> Spanish conquest of the Maya </Li> <Li> Timeline of imperialism # Colonization of North America </Li> <Li> Valladolid debate </Li> <Li> Viceroyalty

The first Spanish landing on the mainland of North America was made in

Who made the first spanish landing on the mainland of north america?

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United States </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> </Th> <Td> ( 1994 - 07 - 20 ) July 20 , 1994 ( age 23 ) New York City </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Residence </Th> <Td> Ann Arbor , Michigan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Height </Th> <Td> 1.60 m ( 5 ft 3 in ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Partner </Th> <Td> Alex Shibutani </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Coach </Th> <Td> Marina Zueva , Massimo Scali , Oleg Epstein , Johnny Johns </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Former coach </Th> <Td> Igor Shpilband , Patti Gottwein , Rich Griffin , Damon Allen , Erik Schulz </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Choreographer </Th> <Td> Marina Zueva , Massimo Scali , Renée Roca , Stéphane Lambiel </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Former choreographer </Th> <Td> Hokuto `` Hok '' Konishi , Peter Tchernyshev , Alex Wong , Igor Shpilband </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Skating club </Th> <Td> SC of New York </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Training locations </Th> <Td> Canton , Michigan </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Former training locations </Th> <Td> Colorado Springs , Colorado </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Began skating </Th> <Td> 1998 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> ISU personal best scores </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Combined total </Th> <Td> 194.25 2017 Skate America </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Short dance </Th> <Td> 79.18 2017 Skate America </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Free dance </Th> <Td> 115.26 2017 Four Continents </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Medal record ( hide ) <Table> <Tr> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Ice dancing </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Representing the United States </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> International competitions </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="3"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Event </Th> <Th> 1st </Th> <Th> 2nd </Th> <Th> 3rd </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Winter Olympics </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> World Championships </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Four Continents Championships </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Grand Prix Final </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> World Junior Championships </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Junior Grand Prix Final </Th> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> 0 </Td> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Total </Th> <Td> </Td> <Td> </Td> <Td> 8 </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Olympic Games </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2018 Pyeongchang </Td> <Td> Team </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2018 Pyeongchang </Td> <Td> Ice dancing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> World Championships </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2016 Boston </Td> <Td> Ice dancing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2011 Moscow </Td> <Td> Ice dancing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2017 Helsinki </Td> <Td> Ice dancing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Four Continents Championships </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2016 Taipei </Td> <Td> Ice dancing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2011 Taipei </Td> <Td> Ice dancing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2017 Gangneung </Td> <Td> Ice dancing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2015 Seoul </Td> <Td> Ice dancing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Grand Prix Final </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2016 -- 17 Marseille </Td> <Td> Ice dancing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2017 -- 18 Nagoya </Td> <Td> Ice dancing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> World Junior Championships </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2009 Sofia </Td> <Td> Ice dancing </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="3"> Junior Grand Prix Final </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> </Td> <Td> 2009 -- 10 Tokyo </Td> <Td> Ice dancing </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Th> </Tr> </Table> <P> Maia Harumi Shibutani ( born July 20 , 1994 ) is an American ice dancer . Partnered with her brother Alex Shibutani , she is the 2018 Olympic bronze medalist , a three - time World medalist ( silver in 2016 , bronze in 2011 and 2017 ) , the 2016 Four Continents champion , and a two - time U.S. national champion ( 2016 , 2017 ) . The siblings have won six titles on the Grand Prix series and stood on the podium at 14 consecutive U.S. Championships , at five levels including eight as seniors . They are two - time members of the US Olympic team , competing at the 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics . In 2018 , the siblings became the first ice dancers who are both of Asian descent to medal at the Olympics ( winning bronze in both team figure skating and the individual ice dancing event ) . They are the second sibling duo to ever share an ice dancing Olympic medal , and the first from the United States . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 Personal life </Li> <Li> 2 Career <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Early career </Li> <Li> 2.2 2004 -- 2005 season </Li> <Li> 2.3 2005 -- 2006 season </Li> <Li> 2.4 2006 -- 2007 season </Li> <Li> 2.5 2007 -- 2008 season </Li> <Li> 2.6 2008 -- 2009 season : Silver at World Junior Championships </Li> <Li> 2.7 2009 -- 2010 season </Li> <Li> 2.8 2010 -- 2011 season : World bronze medal </Li> <Li> 2.9 2011 -- 2012 season </Li> <Li> 2.10 2012 -- 2013 season </Li> <Li> 2.11 2013 -- 2014 season </Li> <Li> 2.12 2014 -- 2015 season </Li> <Li> 2.13 2015 -- 2016 season : Unprecedented Return to the World podium </Li> <Li> 2.14 2016 -- 2017 season </Li> <Li> 2.15 2017 -- 2018 season : Olympic Bronze medals </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Programs </Li> <Li> 4 Competitive highlights <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Senior results </Li> <Li> 4.2 Junior results </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Detailed results <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Senior results </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Social media presence and television appearances </Li> <Li> 7 Philanthropy and diplomacy </Li> <Li> 8 Awards and honors </Li> <Li> 9 Brand partnerships and sponsors </Li> <Li> 10 References </Li> <Li> 11 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> Personal Life ( edit ) </H2> <P> Maia Harumi Shibutani was born on July 20 , 1994 , in New York City . She is the daughter of Chris Shibutani and Naomi Uyemura , both of Japanese descent , who met as Harvard musicians . She has an older brother , Alex Shibutani , who competes with her as her partner in the discipline of Ice Dance . She started figure skating at the age of 4 in 1998 in Old Greenwich , Connecticut , where she was a student at Greenwich Academy in Greenwich , Connecticut . </P> <P> She lived in Colorado Springs from 2005 through 2007 and was home - schooled . She moved to Ann Arbor , Michigan , in 2007 and graduated from Huron High School in Ann Arbor in 2012 . She entered the University of Michigan in the fall of 2012 . </P> <H2> Career ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Early career ( edit ) </H3> <P> Maia Shibutani began skating at age four . She originally trained as a single skater and was taught by Slavka Kohout Button , a coach best known for guiding US ladies ' champion Janet Lynn . A key source of inspiration for Maia and her brother Alex to pursue ice dancing came in March 2003 when their family attended the World Championships in Washington D.C. Alex Shibutani recalled , `` We were seated close to the ice in the second row , and when the ice dancers came out for their warm up , we could actually feel a gust of wind as the skaters flew by . We were so impressed with the artistry , skating quality , and speed of the top teams that we decided to give it a try . '' </P> <H3> 2004 -- 2005 season ( edit ) </H3> <P> Maia and Alex Shibutani first teamed up as ice dance partners in the spring of 2004 . Their singles coach , Kathy Bird , arranged for them to work with their first ice dancing coaches Andy Stroukoff and Susie Kelley . The Shibutanis also worked with Mary Marchiselli , and their first free dance program was choreographed by Josh Babb . </P> <P> During the 2004 -- 2005 season , their first season of competition , they competed on the juvenile level , which is the lowest competitive level in the U.S. Figure Skating testing structure . They competed at the 2005 North Atlantic Regional Championships , the qualifying competition for the U.S. Junior Championships , and won the competition . The win qualified them for the 2005 U.S. Junior Championships . At that competition , they placed second in the first compulsory dance , fourth in the second compulsory dance , and third in the free dance , ending up with the silver medal . </P> <H3> 2005 -- 2006 season ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Shibutanis moved up to the intermediate level and embarked on several visits to Colorado Springs , Colorado , to work with choreographer Tom Dickson . During that season , they were also coached by Judy Blumberg on the east coast . After unexpectedly strong results in their first year competing at the intermediate level at the Lake Placid Ice Dance Competition ( including first place in every compulsory and free dance segment of the competition that they entered at the Lake Placid Ice Dance Competition in the summer of 2005 ) , the Shibutanis decided to relocate to Colorado Springs on a full - time basis in order to benefit from the strong training center environment of the Broadmoor Skating Club . In Colorado Springs , their primary coach was Patti Gottwein During that time , they also worked with Rich Griffin , Damon Allen , Eric Schulz , and Christopher Dean . </P> <P> The Shibutanis won the Southwestern Regional Championships , qualifying for the 2006 U.S Junior Championships . At the 2006 U.S. Junior Championships , they placed second in the first compulsory dance and then won the second compulsory and free dances to win the title overall . They worked as guest bloggers and aides for the media staff for U.S. Figure Skating at the 2006 U.S. Championships , and again at the 2006 Four Continents , which were held in Colorado Springs . </P> <H3> 2006 -- 2007 season ( edit ) </H3> <P> The Shibutanis moved up to the novice level , which is the first of the three levels that compete at the U.S. Championships . Strong results at the Lake Placid Ice Dance Championships , including first place in the Novice Free Dance event , earned them their first opportunity to compete internationally under the ISU Judging System . At the North American Challenge event in Burnaby , British Columbia , they were the highest placing Americans in the novice event , pulling up from fifth place after the compulsory to second overall . </P> <P> At the 2007 Midwestern Sectional Championships , their qualifying competition for the national championships , the Shibutanis placed second in the first compulsory dance and then won the second compulsory and the free dances to win the competition overall and qualify for the 2007 U.S. Championships . At US Nationals , the Shibutanis placed second in both compulsory dances , but with a win in the free dance were able to capture the novice gold medal . This was their second consecutive national title . </P> <P> Following the 2007 U.S. Championships , the Shibutanis relocated once again , moving to Michigan to be coached by Marina Zueva and Igor Shpilband at the Arctic Edge Arena in Canton , Michigan . An important factor in the decision to relocate their training based included the opportunity to live and train in an area which could provide access to both world class ice dance coaching , as well as excellent educational opportunities . Alex Shibutani , at the time of the coaching change , had two years left of high school and was considering his university options . </P> <H3> 2007 -- 2008 season ( edit ) </H3> The Shibutanis perform a lift at the 2008 -- 2009 Junior Grand Prix Final <P> The Shibutanis moved up to the junior level nationally . However , in an unusual circumstance for junior

The ethnic background of the Shib Sibs is

What is the ethnic background of the shib sibs?

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that Germany had been unfairly treated by the Treaty of Versailles following the First World War and only desires peace . In the midst of these events - and after overhearing Sir Geoffrey Wren praising Nazi racial laws - Darlington suddenly requested that two newly - appointed German - Jewish maids , both sisters and refugees , should be dismissed , despite being Stevens ' mild protest that the sisters were good workers . Nevertheless , Stevens carried out Lord Darlington 's command , despite a horrified Miss Kenton threatening to resign in protest . Miss Kenton later confided in Stevens she had no family and nowhere to go to should she leave Darlington Hall , and was ashamed to not follow up on her threat to resign . </P> <P> Lord Darlington 's godson , journalist Reginald Cardinal , was appalled by the nature of the secret meetings in Darlington Hall ; concurring with Congressman Lewis ' earlier protestations , Cardinal told Stevens that Lord Darlington was a pawn , being used by the Nazis . Despite Cardinal 's indignation , Stevens did not denounce or criticise his master . Later , Lord Darlington expressed regret for having dismissed Ilsa and Irma , the two German - Jewish maids . He asked Stevens to locate them and Stevens enquired Miss Kenton as to the maids ' whereabouts . ( It is revealed the sisters were returned to Germany ; their ultimate fate is unknown . ) </P> <P> Eventually , Miss Kenton formed a relationship with a former co-worker , Tom Benn , who proposed marriage and asked Miss Kenton to move away with him to run a coastal boarding house . Miss Kenton mentioned this proposal to Stevens , in effect offering him an ultimatum , but Stevens would not admit his feelings , offering Miss Kenton only his congratulations . Miss Kenton left Darlington Hall prior to the outbreak of the Second World War . Before Miss Kenton 's departure , Stevens found her crying in frustration , but the only response he could muster was to call her attention to a neglected domestic task . </P> <P> En route to meeting Miss Kenton in 1958 , when asked by locals about his former employer , Stevens at first denies having served or even met Lord Darlington , but later admits to having served and respected him . He meets Miss Kenton ( now Mrs Benn ) , and they reminisce . Stevens mentions in conversation that Lord Darlington 's godson , Reginald Cardinal , was killed in the war . He also says Lord Darlington died from a broken heart - after the war , Lord Darlington sued a newspaper for libel , losing the suit and his reputation in the process . Stevens reveals that in his declining years , Lord Darlington at times failed to recognise Stevens and carried on conversations with no one else in the room . </P> <P> Miss Kenton declines Stevens ' offer to return to Darlington Hall , wishing instead to remain near her pregnant daughter . After the meeting , Miss Kenton is emotional , while Stevens is still unable to demonstrate any feeling . Back in Darlington Hall , Lewis asks Stevens if he remembers much of the old days , to which Stevens replies that he was too busy serving . A pigeon then becomes trapped in the hall , and is eventually freed by the two men , leaving both Stevens and Darlington Hall far behind . </P> <H2> Cast ( edit ) </H2> <Ul> <Li> Anthony Hopkins as Mr. James Stevens </Li> <Li> Emma Thompson as Miss Sarah `` Sally '' Kenton ( later Mrs Benn after marriage ) </Li> <Li> James Fox as Lord Darlington </Li> <Li> Christopher Reeve as Congressman Jack Lewis </Li> <Li> Peter Vaughan as Mr William Stevens ( `` Mr Stevens , Sr '' ) </Li> <Li> Hugh Grant as Reginald Cardinal ( Lord Darlington 's godson ) </Li> <Li> John Haycraft as Auctioneer </Li> <Li> Caroline Hunt as Landlady </Li> <Li> Michael Lonsdale as Dupont d'Ivry </Li> <Li> Paula Jacobs as Mrs Mortimer </Li> <Li> Ben Chaplin as Charlie </Li> <Li> Steve Dibben as George ( footman no . 2 ) </Li> <Li> Abigail Harrison as Housemaid </Li> <Li> Rupert Vansittart as Sir Geoffrey Wren </Li> <Li> Patrick Godfrey as Spencer </Li> <Li> Peter Halliday as Canon Tufnell </Li> <Li> Peter Cellier as Sir Leonard Bax </Li> <Li> Frank Shelley as Prime Minister </Li> <Li> Peter Eyre as Lord Halifax </Li> <Li> Terence Bayler as Trimmer </Li> <Li> Hugh Sweetman as Scullery Boy </Li> <Li> Tony Aitken as Postmaster </Li> <Li> Emma Lewis as Elsa </Li> <Li> Joanna Joseph as Irma </Li> <Li> Tim Pigott - Smith as Tom Benn </Li> <Li> Lena Headey as Lizzie </Li> <Li> Pip Torrens as Doctor Carlisle </Li> <Li> Brigitte Kahn as German Baroness </Li> <Li> Wolf Kahler as German Ambassador </Li> </Ul> <H2> Production ( edit ) </H2> <P> A film adaptation of the novel was originally planned to be directed by Mike Nichols from a script by Harold Pinter . Some of Pinter 's script was used in the film , but , while Pinter was paid for his work , he asked to have his name removed from the credits , in keeping with his contract . Christopher C. Hudgins observes : `` During our 1994 interview , Pinter told ( Steven H . ) Gale and me that he had learned his lesson after the revisions imposed on his script for The Handmaid 's Tale , which he has decided not to publish . When his script for The Remains of the Day was radically revised by the James Ivory - Ismail Merchant partnership , he refused to allow his name to be listed in the credits '' ( 125 ) . </P> <P> Though no longer the director , Nichols remained associated with the project as one of the producers of the Merchant Ivory film . </P> <H3> Settings ( edit ) </H3> Music Room of Powderham Castle in 1983 <P> A number of English country estates were used as locations for the film , partly owing to the persuasive power of Ismail Merchant , who was able to cajole permission for the production to borrow houses not normally open to the public . Among them were Dyrham Park for the exterior of the house and the driveway , Powderham Castle ( staircase , hall , music room , bedroom ; used for the aqua - turquoise stairway scenes ) , Corsham Court ( library and dining room ) and Badminton House ( servants ' quarters , conservatory , entrance hall ) . Luciana Arrighi , the production designer , scouted most of these locations . Scenes were also shot in Weston - super-Mare , which stood in for Clevedon . The pub where Mr Stevens stays is the Hop Pole in Limpley Stoke ; the shop featured is also in Limpley Stoke . The pub where Miss Kenton and Mr Benn meet is the George Inn , Norton St Philip . </P> <H3> Characters ( edit ) </H3> <P> The character of Sir Geoffrey Wren is based loosely on that of Sir Oswald Mosley , a British fascist active in the 1930s . Wren is depicted as a strict vegetarian . </P> <P> Edward Wood , 1st Earl of Halifax also appears in the film . Lord Darlington tells Stevens that Halifax approved of the polish on the silver , and Halifax himself later appears when Darlington meets secretly with the German Ambassador and his aides at night . Halifax was a chief architect of the British policy of appeasement from 1937 to 1939 . </P> <P> The character of Congressman Jack Lewis in the film is a composite of two separate American characters in Kazuo Ishiguro 's novel : Congressman Lewis ( who attends the pre-WW2 conference in Darlington Hall ) , and Mr Farraday , who succeeds Lord Darlington as master of Darlington Hall . </P> <H2> Score ( edit ) </H2> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> The Remains of the Day </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Film score by Richard Robbins </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Released </Th> <Td> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Length </Th> <Td> 49 : 26 </Td> </Tr> </Table> <Table> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Professional ratings </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th colspan="2"> Review scores </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Source </Th> <Th> Rating </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Entertainment Weekly </Td> <Td> A link </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The original score is composed by Richard Robbins . The score was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score , losing to the score of Schindler 's List . </P> <Dl> <Dt> Track listing </Dt> </Dl> <Ol> <Li> Opening Titles , Darlington Hall -- 7 : 27 </Li> <Li> The Keyhole and the Chinaman -- 4 : 14 </Li> <Li> Tradition and Order -- 1 : 51 </Li> <Li> The Conference Begins -- 1 : 33 </Li> <Li> Sei Mir Gegrüsst ( Schubert ) -- 4 : 13 </Li> <Li> The Cooks in the Kitchen -- 1 : 34 </Li> <Li> Sir Geoffrey Wren and Stevens , Sr. -- 2 : 41 </Li> <Li> You Mean a Great Deal to This House -- 2 : 21 </Li> <Li> Loss and Separation -- 6 : 19 </Li> <Li> Blue Moon -- 4 : 57 </Li> <Li> Sentimental Love Story / Appeasement / In the Rain -- 5 : 22 </Li> <Li> A Portrait Returns / Darlington Hall / End Credits -- 6 : 54 </Li> </Ol> <H2> Critical reception and Awards ( edit ) </H2> <P> The film received a 97 % rating on Rotten Tomatoes , based on 39 reviews with an 8.4 / 10 average rating . Its consensus states : `` Smart , elegant , and blessed with impeccable performances from Anthony Hopkins and Emma Thompson , The Remains of the Day is a Merchant - Ivory classic . '' Roger Ebert particularly praised the film and called it `` a subtle , thoughtful movie . '' In his review for The Washington Post , Desson Howe gave the film a favorable review , and said of it `` Put Anthony Hopkins , Emma Thompson and James Fox together and you can expect sterling performances , '' praising their work in the film . Vincent Canby of The New York Times said , in another favorable review , `` Here 's a film for adults . It 's also about time to recognize that Mr Ivory is one of our finest directors , something that critics tend to overlook because most of his films have been literary adaptations . '' The film was nominated for eight Academy Awards , but won none : </P> <Table> <Tr> <Th> Award Nomination </Th> <Th> Winner </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best Actor in a Leading Role ( Anthony Hopkins ) </Td> <Td> Tom Hanks ( Philadelphia ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best Actress in a Leading Role ( Emma Thompson ) </Td> <Td> Holly Hunter ( The Piano ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best Art Direction - Set Decoration </Td> <Td> Allan Starski and Ewa Braun ( Schindler 's List ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best Costume Design </Td> <Td> Gabriella Pescucci ( The Age of Innocence ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best Director </Td> <Td> Steven Spielberg ( Schindler 's List ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best Music , Original Score </Td> <Td> John Williams ( Schindler 's List ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best Picture </Td> <Td> Schindler 's List </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> Best Adapted Screenplay </Td> <Td> Steven Zaillian ( Schindler 's List ) </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> The film is also recognized by American Film Institute in these lists : </P> <Ul> <Li> 2002 : AFI 's 100 Years ... 100 Passions -- Nominated </Li> </Ul> <H2> Notes ( edit ) </H2> <Ol> <Li> Jump up ^ `` The Remains of the Day '' . Retrieved 29 September 2010 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ `` Actor in a Leading Role in 1994 '' . BAFTA. 27 October 2017 . </Li> <Li> Jump up ^ British Film Institute - Top 100 British Films ( 1999

The film "The Remains of the Day" was filmed at

Where was the film the remains of the day filmed?

5686056094774499898

AirAsia X - wikipedia <H1> AirAsia X </H1> Jump to : navigation , search This article is about the Malaysian branded air service . For other Air Asia X brands from AirAsia , see AirAsia . <Table> AirAsia X Berhad <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td colspan="2"> <Table> <Tr> <Th> IATA </Th> <Th> ICAO </Th> <Th> Callsign </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> D7 </Td> <Td> XAX </Td> <Td> XANADU </Td> </Tr> </Table> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Founded </Th> <Td> 2007 ; 11 years ago ( 2007 ) ( as FlyAsianXpress ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Hubs </Th> <Td> Kuala Lumpur International Airport </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Frequent - flyer program </Th> <Td> AirAsia BIG Loyalty Programme </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Subsidiaries </Th> <Td> Indonesia AirAsia X Thai AirAsia X </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Fleet size </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Destinations </Th> <Td> 22 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Company slogan </Th> <Td> Now Everyone Can Fly Xtra Long </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Parent company </Th> <Td> AirAsia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Traded as </Th> <Td> MYX : 5238 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> ISIN </Th> <Td> MYL5238OO000 </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Headquarters </Th> <Td> Kuala Lumpur International Airport Sepang , Selangor , Malaysia </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Key people </Th> <Td> <Ul> <Li> Tony Fernandes </Li> <Li> Benyamin Ismail </Li> <Li> Rafidah Aziz ( Chairman ) </Li> </Ul> </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Employees </Th> <Td> 2,893 ( 31 December 2015 ) </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Th> Website </Th> <Td> www.airasia.com </Td> </Tr> </Table> <P> AirAsia X Berhad ( MYX : 5238 ) ( previously known as FlyAsianXpress Sdn . Bhd . ) , operating as AirAsia X , is a long - haul budget airline based in Malaysia , and a sister company of AirAsia . It commenced operations on 2 November 2007 with its first service flown from Kuala Lumpur International Airport , Malaysia , to Gold Coast Airport in Australia . AirAsia X flies to destinations within Asia , Australia and the United States of America . The airline operates a fleet of 22 aircraft and has placed orders for 76 more . Indonesia AirAsia X and Thai AirAsia X are affiliated with AirAsia X . </P> <P> AirAsia X is the medium and long - haul operation of the brand AirAsia , which is Asia 's largest low - cost carrier . The franchise is able to keep costs down by using a common ticketing system , aircraft livery , employee uniforms , and management style . </P> <P> </P> <H2> Contents </H2> ( hide ) <Ul> <Li> 1 History <Ul> <Li> 1.1 FlyAsianXpress </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 2 Corporate affairs <Ul> <Li> 2.1 Shareholders </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 3 Affiliate airlines <Ul> <Li> 3.1 Indonesia AirAsia X </Li> <Li> 3.2 Thai AirAsia X </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 4 Destinations <Ul> <Li> 4.1 Future expansion </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 5 Fleet <Ul> <Li> 5.1 Historical Fleet </Li> </Ul> </Li> <Li> 6 Incidents & Accidents </Li> <Li> 7 See also </Li> <Li> 8 References </Li> <Li> 9 External links </Li> </Ul> <P> </P> <H2> History ( edit ) </H2> <P> On 17 May 2007 , Tony Fernandes announced plans to commence flights from Malaysia to Australia . Fernandes said he would be avoiding Sydney Airport due to its high fees . Instead the airline would concentrate on cheaper alternatives such as Melbourne 's Avalon Airport , Williamtown Airport in Newcastle , and Adelaide Airport . Sustained fares were predicted to be around MYR 800 ( A $ 285 ) for a return fare , plus taxes . Interest was also expressed in using Gold Coast Airport as another Australian destination . </P> <P> Several major developments were announced on 10 August 2007 . AirAsia X announced its first route from Kuala Lumpur to the Gold Coast . One way fares for this route have been touted to begin at MYR 50 ( A $17 ) excluding taxes and charges , with average return prices to be approximately MYR1 , 800 ( A $598 ) , inclusive of taxes and charges . </P> An AirAsia X Airbus A330 - 300 wearing the old livery <P> The airline also announced that Sir Richard Branson of the Virgin Group , will take a 20 % share in the airline to help kick - start its long haul operations and to finance its aircraft purchases . Branson also forecast a strong possibility of future , formal links between Virgin Blue and AirAsia X , including codeshare agreements and Loyalty programs . </P> <P> The first AirAsia X aircraft arrived at Kuala Lumpur International Airport on 15 September 2007 . It was named `` Semangat Sir Freddie '' ( English : `` Spirit of Sir Freddie '' ) after the pioneer and founder of the low cost model ; the late , Sir Freddie Laker of Skytrain . </P> <H3> FlyAsianXpress ( edit ) </H3> <P> FlyAsianXpress ( FAX ) was an airline based in Sarawak , Malaysia . It operated services on some of the smaller routes dropped by national carrier Malaysia Airlines . Its routes have since been taken over by MASwings . </P> <P> FAX was privately owned by Kamarudin Meranun , Raja Razali , Raja Azmi and Tony Fernandes . The airline was subcontracted by AirAsia to operate several domestic services following the withdrawal of Malaysia Airlines from rural air service routes within East Malaysia . Its maiden flight was on 1 August 2006 , despite being delayed for 50 minutes by bad weather . FAX was not a low cost carrier , but it incorporated some of AirAsia 's practices to reduce cost . Namely ; internet and phone bookings , as well as ticketless check - in systems . </P> <P> Within days of operation it was subject to a flood of criticisms from commuters , civil servants , and people working in the tourism industry . Critics argued that the new turboprop service provided by FAX should not be more expensive than the rural air service previously operated by Malaysia Airlines , as FAX was subsidised by the Malaysian Government . As well as cost , the airline was criticised for poor service , such as sudden flight cancellations without notice . The CEO of Sarawak Tourism Board also stated that disruptions to cargo supply flights to the interior , caused tourists to take their own food rations , rather than rely upon the air cargo supplies of food and fuel . FAX released a new flight timetable citing the sudden need for heavy maintenance on its Fokker 50 fleet as the trigger for severe disruption to its schedules . </P> <P> On 11 April 2007 , Tony Fernandes , CEO of the parent company of FAX ( AirAsia ) , publicised details of a handover offer of FAX 's rural routes , to Firefly , a subsidiary airline of Malaysia Airlines . He described it as `` the logical thing to do '' , as Firefly can be the only national company operating turboprop aircraft . On 26 April 2007 , the government announced Malaysia Airlines would take over the operation of rural air services from FAX , and gave assurance that any financial loss will be born by the government . Malaysia Airlines announced the take over of FAX destinations beginning on 1 October 2007 . Malaysia Airlines would operate these routes through a new subsidiary , MASwings . </P> <P> With FAX rural air services replaced by MASwings , the corporate name was changed from FlyAsianXpress Sdn . Bhd. to AirAsia X Sdn . Bhd . with this , the airlines focus switched to a new market , low cost , long haul flights . </P> <H2> Corporate affairs ( edit ) </H2> KLIA LCCT , which housed the AirAsia X head office prior to the opening of RedQuarters <P> The head office is located at the LCC Terminal at Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Sepang , Selangor , while the registered office is on Level 12 of the Menara Prima Tower B in Petaling Jaya , Selangor . </P> <P> The airline plans to move its head office to a new 613,383 square feet ( 56,985.1 m ) , RM140mil facility constructed at klia2 . Until the new head office opens , the airline 's head office will remain at LCCT . The new klia2 head office was scheduled to open in the end of 2015 . It is scheduled to hold about 2,000 AirAsia and AirAsia X employees . Aireen Omar , the AirAsia Country CEO of Malaysia , stated that the headquarters needed to be redesigned because in the klia2 plans the location of the control tower had been changed . Construction on the facility was scheduled to begin in July 2014 . Malaysia Airports Holdings is leasing the land that will be occupied by the headquarters . Filipina AirAsia X flight attendant January Ann Baysa gave the building the name `` RedQuarters '' or `` RedQ '' , and its groundbreaking ceremony was held in November 2014 . </P> <P> AirAsia X claims to have one of the lowest operating costs of any long - haul airline around the world , with a Cost per Available Seat - Kilometre ( CASK ) of US $0.0351 in 2015 , or US $0.0240 excluding fuel costs ( allowing them to undercut conventional long - haul fares by between 30 - 50 % ) . To reduce costs , they also co-ordinate many aspects of their operation together with larger affiliate AirAsia ( Asia 's largest low - cost carrier ) , such as staff requirements , fuel hedging , marketing and computer systems , which allows them to take advantage of economies of scale that would not be normally available to an airline of their size . </P> <H3> Shareholders ( edit ) </H3> <P> The entrance of two new major investors has given the company financial aid for future expansion plans . </P> <P> As of 14 February 2008 , 48 % of AirAsia X is owned by Aero Ventures ; a venture of Tony Fernandes and other prominent Malaysians , as well as Air Canada 's Robert Milton . Virgin Group own 16 % and a further 16 % is owned by AirAsia . Bahrain - based Manara Consortium , and Japan - based Orix Corp have taken a 20 % stake in AirAsia X for RM250 million . </P> <P> AirAsia X was listed on the Bursa Malaysia ( the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange ) on 10 July 2013 , with the shares offered to individual and institutional investors at MYR1. 25 ( approx . US $0.39 ) per share . The float raised MYR988 million ( US $310 million , as of 2013 exchange rates ) and valued the company at MYR3 billion ( US $940 million ) . Shares initially performed poorly , closing unchanged on the first day of trading to post , according to Bloomberg , the `` second - worst trading debut in Malaysia '' that year . As of 10 October 2016 , shares of AirAsia X Berhad were trading at MYR0. 39 , giving the company a market value of MYR1. 62 billion ( US $390 million at 2016 exchange rates ) . </P> <P> According to the Financial Times , as of June 2015 , the largest shareholder of AirAsia X Berhad was Tune Group ( a private investment vehicle owned by Tony Fernandes and Kamarudin Meranun ) , which owns a 17.8 % stake . AirAsia Berhad ( which Tune owns 19.1 % of ) holds a further 13.8 % of AirAsia X while Tony Fernandes and Kamarudin Meranun also hold personal stakes , of 2.1 % and 8.1 % respectively . Lim Kiann Onn , a founding director and shareholder of other Tune Group businesses such as Tune Money and Tune Hotels , is the 4th largest shareholder , with 4.47 % of the company . </P> <H2> Affiliate Airlines ( edit ) </H2> <H3> Indonesia AirAsia X ( edit ) </H3> Main article : Indonesia AirAsia X <P> Indonesia AirAsia X is a joint venture of AirAsia X . It serves Indonesia AirAsia 's regularly scheduled long

The difference between AirAsia X and AirAsia is that

What is the difference between airasia x and airasia?