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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Hunter Biden had no experience in Ukraine or in the energy sector when he joined the board of Burisma.\n\nQ1: Did Hunter Biden have any experience in the energy sector at the time he joined the board of the Burisma energy company in 2014\nA1: No, because Hunter bidens previous career history does not include work for energy company's.\n\nQ2: Did Hunter Biden have any experience in Ukraine at the time he joined the board of the Burisma energy company in 2014\nA2: No, because Hunter Bidens previous career history does not include working with Ukrainian company's.",
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"content": "justification: No former experience stated.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump delivered the largest tax cuts in American history.\n\nQ1: Did the 2017 tax bill deliver the largest tax cuts in American history?\nA1: This tax cut is the 8th largest as a percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) since 1918 and the 4th largest in inflation-adjusted dollars.\n\nQ2: Has there been larger tax bills than the 2017 tax bill?\nA2: Three tax bills have been larger: American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (enacted in 2013); \nTax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 and\nEconomic Recovery Tax Act of 1981",
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"content": "justification: Three tax bills have been larger than that of Donald Trump\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In Nigeria … in terms of revenue share, 20% goes to the local government.\n\nQ1: Kenya’s ex-prime minister Odinga mangles his numbers on government revenue share in Nigeria?\nA1: After months of an often fractious stalemate, in September 2020 Kenya’s senate hammered out a deal on how revenue would be shared between the country’s two levels of government.\n\nIn August, at the height of the deadlock, former prime minister Odinga returned to a familiar talking point to argue for establishing a third tier of government.\n\nBuilding on this in an interview with Citizen TV, Odinga, who is also an African Union envoy, said Kenya could solve the recurring battle over how to share revenue if it looked to Nigeria for lessons.\n\nNigeria, he said, had a local, state and federal system of government. “In terms of revenue share, 20% of the revenue goes to the local, 35% goes to the state and 45% goes to the federal governments ... and it works perfectly well,” Odinga said.",
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"content": "justification: The answer and source shows that the claim is supported as the percentage to local government is the same.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Biden has pledged to stop border wall construction and give amnesty and health care to all illegal immigrants.\n\nQ1: When Joe Biden participated in an interview with the National Association of Black Journalists and the National Association of Hispanic Journalists, on August 6, 2020 did he say he would tear down the border wall, if he became president?\nA1: No, there will not be another foot of wall constructed on my administration... I’m going to make sure that we have border protection, but it’s going to be based on making sure that we use high-tech capacity to deal with it and at the ports of entry.\n\nQ2: If Joe Biden became president, what is his intention regarding health care for illegal immigrants?\nA2: According to PolitiFact Fact Checker, a task force recommended that Biden extend Affordable Care Act coverage to immigrants illegally in the country who are protected from deportation under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program and allowing additional immigrants illegally in the country to also buy health insurance, unsubsidized.\nSo the task force recommends allowing immigrants here illegally to get access to health care, including Affordable Care Act coverage. But being able to buy health insurance doesn’t amount to getting welfare.\n\nQ3: What is the common reference for amnesty in modern U.S. politics?\nA3: The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, signed by President Ronald Reagan is the law which paved the way for immigrants who were in the country illegally to become lawful permanent residents if they met certain requirements.\n\nQ4: How has Biden referred to amnesty for undocumented people?\nA4: First thing I’m going to do and I’ve already written, sent to the United States Congress a path to citizenship for 11 million undocumented folks.",
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"content": "justification: This claim should have been split into two parts, as it is quite confusing. As for the first part, the label is supported as he did say that he would not build more of the wall. As for the 2nd part, it is more tricky, as he would allow health care access to immigrants, but it does not necessarily mean they'd get access to healthcare. Therefore, the claim is supproted\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: After the police shooting of Jacob Blake, Gov. Tony Evers & Lt. Gov. Mandela Barnes did not call for peace or encourage calm.\n\nQ1: Did Governor Evers not call for peace after Jacob Blake was shot ?\nA1: Inn a video statement posted the next day, Evers urged people planning to protest to peacefully.\nIn a news release later that day, Evers said \"Tonight, and in the days ahead, if you are going to protest, please do so peacefully and safely. Please do not allow the actions of a few distract us from the work we must do together to demand justice, equity, and accountability.\" \nThis proves that the claim made by Senator Howard Marklein is incorrect that the Gov. did not ask for peace.",
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"content": "justification: Governor Evers did call for peace in a video statement on planned protests. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) 2020 will not be conducted on September 7, 2020, as planned\n\nQ1: Was the The Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) 2020 postponed?\nA1: No it was a fake notification and an official announcement was made saying:\n\n\"Sub: Fake Notification Regarding Postponement of the CLAT 2020 Examination\n1. It has come to the attention of the Consortium of National Universities (the\n“Consortium”) that a document purporting to be a Notification issued by the\nConsortium and announcing the postponement of the CLAT 2020 from its scheduled\ndate of September 7, 2020 is being circulated on the internet (the “Fake\nNotification”).\n2. The Consortium hereby categorically states that the Fake Notification has not been\nissued by the Consortium. The date of the CLAT 2020 examination, and all other\nparticulars, in relation to the CLAT 2020 examination remain unaltered.\n3. Official Notifications from the Consortium are available at\nhttps://consortiumofnlus.ac.in/\n4. You may confirm or clarify any information by writing to\nclat@consortiumofnlus.ac.in\"",
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"content": "justification: The answer and credible source show that the claim was a hoax and so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 35% of revenue goes to states. (In Nigeria)\n\nQ1: What percentage of Nigeria's revenue goes to states\nA1: Revenue is shared in accordance with the vertical formula, as determined by RMAFC and approved by the National Assembly. The formula allocates 52.68%, 26.72% and 20.60% to the Federal, State and Local Governments respectively",
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"content": "justification: The answer shows that 26.72% goes to states so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Margaret Sanger was a racist who believed in eugenics. Her goal when founding Planned Parenthood was to eradicate minorities.\n\nQ1: What is eugenics?\nA1: Eugenics is the practice or advocacy of improving the human species by selectively mating people with specific desirable hereditary traits. It aims to reduce human suffering by “breeding out” disease, disabilities and so-called undesirable characteristics from the human population\n\nQ2: What were Sangers views on eugenics?\nA2: I think the greatest sin in the world is bringing children into the world -- that have disease from their parents, that have no chance in the world to be a human being practically. Delinquents, prisoners, all sorts of things just marked when they're born. That to me is the greatest sin -- that people can -- can commit\n\nQ3: Was Sanger a racist?\nA3: As her biographer Ellen Chesler told me, she was a progressive who believed in racial integration. She voted for Norman Thomas. She worked with progressive Black people—W.E.B. Du Bois, for example, who along with Mary McCleod Bethune and Adam Clayton Powell Sr. served on the board of the Negro Project, a network of birth control and maternal health clinics Sanger established in Harlem and the South. In 1966, Martin Luther King accepted Planned Parenthood’s first Margaret Sanger Award, and in his statement offered a vigorous endorsement of voluntary birth control.\n\nQ4: Was Sanger a eugenicist?\nA4: Although she did not single out Black people, Sanger was, yes, a eugenicist. She thought people, especially poor people, often had too many kids to care for properly and that too many of those kids were born physically disabled (or in the language of the day, “feeble-minded”). She did not oppose forced sterilization.",
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"content": "justification: Evidence is conflicting with Margaret Sanger, as she was a progressive who believed in racial integration. She voted for Norman Thomas. She worked with progressive Black people—W.E.B. Du Bois, for example, who, along with Mary McCleod Bethune and Adam Clayton Powell Sr., served on the board of the Negro Project, a network of birth control and maternal health clinics Sanger established in Harlem and the South, etc. However, it does seem that Sanger believed in eugenics and thought people, especially poor people, often had too many kids to care for properly and that too many of those kids were born physically disabled (or, in the language of the day, \"feeble-minded\"). She did not oppose forced sterilization.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Joe Biden voted for the Irag War and supported war in Serbia, Syria and Libya.\n\nQ1: What resolutions did Biden support in favor of US intervention in Iraq\nA1: He supported the H.J.Res.114 - Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002\n107th Congress (2001-2002)\n\nQ2: Did Joe Biden support vote for the war in Syria\nA2: Yes, because He voted in support of the Serbian war with the Kosovo Resolution\n\nQ3: What was Joe Biden's stand on the US interfering in Libya\nA3: Biden had \"argued strongly\" within the White House \"against going ... to Libya,\" a stance that put him at odds with Secretary of State Hillary Clinton",
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"content": "justification: The Q&A Pairs Indicate he supported 2 of the 3 conflicts.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Biden will take away the Second Amendment.\n\nQ1: Has Joe Biden's plan for gun regulation and control infringed on the second amendment\nA1: Biden’s plan to end gun violence says \"It’s within our grasp to end our gun violence epidemic and respect the Second Amendment, which is limited,\"",
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"content": "justification: Biden does not want to end second amendment\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Biden has pledged to defund the police\n\nQ1: Does Joe Biden support defunding the police?\nA1: NO he said:\n\n\"Federal dollars should not go to departments that violate people’s rights or turn to violence as a first resort, but I don't support defunding police.\"",
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"content": "justification: There is not too much information in the Q&As but from the one answer, Joe Biden refutes the claim. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: 45% of Nigeria's revenue goes to the federal government.\n\nQ1: How much of Nigeria's revenue goes to the federal government?\nA1: 52.68 % goes to the federal government.\n\nQ2: How much of Nigeria's revenue went to the federal government in 2019?\nA2: 2,661.13 trillion went to federal government from the 5,051.50 trillion available for sharing.\n\nQ3: What percentage of the revenue in Nigeria goes to the Federal government\nA3: 52.68 % goes to the federal government.",
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"content": "justification: It seems from the 1st and 3rd QA, that a lot more goes to the federal government, therefore the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump inherited a stagnant economy and then rebuilt it.\n\nQ1: When was Donald trump elected?\nA1: November 2016\n\nQ2: Was the U.S economy stagnant in 2016?\nA2: The IMF marked down its forecast for the United States in 2016 to 1.6 percent, from 2.2 percent in July 2016\n\nQ3: Did the US economy grow in 2017?\nA3: U.S. economy picked up in 2017, but growth slowed at year's end\n\nQ4: Did the U.S economy grow in 2018?\nA4: Growth in 2018 was the strongest since 2015 and better than the 2.2 percent logged in 2017\n\nQ5: Did the U.S economy grow in 2019?\nA5: The U.S. economy remained on a positive trend thanks to solid growth in consumption and broke the record for the longest expansion on record in July.\n\nQ6: Did the U.S economy grow in the year Donald trump left office (2020)\nA6: In 2020, inflation-adjusted GDP was projected to grow by 2.2 percent, largely because of continued strength in consumer spending and a rebound in business fixed investment.\n\nQ7: Was the U.S economy already growing when trump took office?\nA7: Yes, Trump inherited the longest economic expansion in history from the Obama-Biden administration",
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"content": "justification: QA pairs state the US economy was downgraded and then grew under trump while another states trump inherited the longest expanding economy from obama.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Joe Biden voted for the Iraq War and he supported wars in Serbia, Syria, and Libya.\n\nQ1: Did Joe Biden vote for the Iraq War?\nA1: Yes, because When Joe Biden was a U.S. Senator, he voted in favor of a resolution on Iraq in October 2022.\n\nQ2: Did Joe Biden regret his vote for the Iraq War?\nA2: Yes, because In a November 2005 interview on NBC’s \"Meet the Press,\" Biden was asked if his 2002 vote was a mistake.\n\n\"It was a mistake,\" Biden said. \"It was a mistake to assume the president would use the authority we gave him properly. … We gave the president the authority to unite the world to isolate Saddam. And the fact of the matter is, we went too soon. We went without sufficient force. And we went without a plan.\"\n\nQ3: Did Joe Biden support war in Serbia?\nA3: Yes, because Joe Biden voted for a 1999 concurrent resolution.\n\nQ4: What was the 1999 concurrent resolution?\nA4: A concurrent resolution authorizing the President of the United States to conduct military air operations and missile strikes against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro).\n\nQ5: Did Joe Biden support war in Syria?\nA5: Yes, because Biden’s campaign said the Obama-Biden administration supported the Syrian opposition in a variety of ways, including by deploying U.S. forces to combat ISIS.\n\nQ6: Did Joe Biden support war in Libya?\nA6: Yes, because He followed policies of the Obama administration, which included interventions in Libya.\n\nQ7: What were Joe Biden's thoughts on the Libya war?\nA7: 'Would we have been better off if they'd stayed?' Saddam, Qadhafi, Mubarak?\" Rose asked in an interview aired in full on PBS Monday evening and in part on CBS Tuesday morning.\n\nBiden replied that he had \"argued strongly\" within the White House \"against going ... to Libya,\"\n\nBiden said, going on to say that the United States should not use force unless the interests of the country or its allies are directly threatened, whether it can be done \"efficaciously\" and whether it can be sustained.\n\nQ8: Is Joe Biden in support of war in Iraq\nA8: Biden publicly supported the war before, during, and after the invasion — but a 1998 Senate hearing sheds additional light on his determination to confront Iraq over weapons of mass destruction.",
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"content": "justification: Q&A's 1, 3, 5 and 6 show that Yes as claimed Joe Biden did vote for wars in Iraq, Serbia, Syria, and Libya.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Muhammadu Buhari sign a new Police bill to allow officers arrest without a warrant\n\nQ1: In Nigeria, is there a new Police Bill to allow officers to arrest people without a warrant or court order?\nA1: Yes, President Buhari introduced a new police bill which allows the police to arrest without a warrant or court order is true. The bill is confirmed to have been in place since September 16, 2020.\n\nQ2: In Nigeria, is there a Police Bill that allows officers to arrest people without a warrant or court order?\nA2: Yes, President Buhari introduced a new police bill which allows the police to arrest without a warrant or court order is true but only under certain circumstances.\n\nQ3: When did President Buhari sign a bill repealing the Police Act Cap. P19. Laws of the Federation, 2004?\nA3: The president in a memo dated September 16, 2020, communicated his assent to the Bill to the National Assembly, through the Clerk of the legislature.\n\nQ4: Did the Bill introduced on September 16 2020, give police officers the power to arrest a suspect without a warrant?\nA4: n summary, the bill states that a police officer has the power to arrest whom he suspects (on a reasonable ground) of having committed an offence unless the law creating the offence provides that the suspect cannot be arrested without a warrant.",
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that the police can arrest without a warrant and therefore the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Plant Seeds Can Restructure Their Own DNA Through Human Saliva\n\nQ1: Can plant seeds sense the nutritional need of a human through their saliva\nA1: There is no biological mechanism by which plant DNA can sense nutritional needs of a human via human DNA",
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"content": "justification: It seems from the Q&A that there is no evidence of DNA restructuring itself through saliva so the claim is refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: We actually saw revenues to the Treasury increase after we lowered taxes in 2017. Rest assured the Democrats do not want you to know that.\n\nQ1: Has tax revenue risen since taxes were lowered in 2017\nA1: No, Really, Tax Revenue Has Not Risen\n\nQ2: What is the value of the total tax revenue in the 2017/2018 fiscal year since the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) was signed into law\nA2: Total revenue over the time period in question has actually fallen by 1.6 percent in real (inflation-adjusted) terms",
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"content": "justification: From the evidence below, it looks like the revenue for 2017 actually fell (by 1.6 percent in real inflation-adjusted terms) when taxes were lowered in the same year. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In 2019 the US Police were 20.8 times more likely to kill than be killed by a criminal\n\nQ1: How many law enforcement officers died in the line of duty during 2019?\nA1: According to statistics reported to the FBI, 89 law enforcement officers were killed in line-of-duty incidents in 2019. Of these, 48 officers died as a result of felonious acts, and 41 officers died in accidents. Comprehensive data tables about these incidents and brief narratives describing the fatal attacks are included in Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted, 2019, released today.\n\nQ2: In 2019, how many people were shot and killed by police?\nA2: In 2019, 999 people were shot and killed by police.\n\nQ3: What is 999 divided by 48?\nA3: 20.8125.",
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"content": "justification: True, FBI statistics and a national database show that checks out: In 2019, police killed 999 people, and 48 officers were killed by a criminal act in the line of duty.\nWe rate Larson’s claim True. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A greater proportion of 16 year olds vote in elections in Scotland, Wales and Austria than 18 and 20 year olds.\n\nQ1: In Austria, what is the turnout rate of 16 and 17-year-olds to elections\nA1: Even though 16- to 17-year-olds exhibit somewhat lower general interest in politics and lower internal efficacy, turnout is generally higher compared to older first-time voters and similar to the electorate’s average, they follow electoral campaigns to the same extent as do other young voters, and they exhibit considerably high levels of external efficacy and satisfaction with democracy\n\nQ2: In Scotland in 2017, what percentage of 16 to 17-year-olds voted compared to the 18-24-year-olds\nA2: 51 per cent of 16- and 17- year-olds claim to have voted, compared with 39 per cent of those aged 18 to 24\n\nQ3: In Wales, what is the turnout rate of 16 and 17-year-olds to elections?\nA3: 16 and 17 year olds will be able to vote for the first time at the Senedd Elections in 2021, as part of the biggest changes to the democratic process in Wales in half a century.",
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"content": "justification: Only QA 2 confirms the rate of voting was higher for 16-17 year olds in Scotland.\nQA 1 says 16-17 year olds in Austria vote more than older first time voters without stating what age the ‘older’ voters are.\nQA 3 implies 16-17 year olds in Wales could not vote at the time the claim was made, therefore the claim could not be true for Wales.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump has kept his promises to voters\n\nQ1: What promises did Donald Trump make to voters?\nA1: During the 2016 campaign, Donald Trump made more than 280 promises, though many were contradictory or just uttered in a single campaign event.\n\nQ2: Of the promises Donald Trump made, did he fulfil any of them?\nA2: Yes, because Trump has not delivered on many promises he made but there are a few which he has as described in the following article, most of which relate closely to nationalistic policies that he promised \"Trump has acted on that vision, making good on his nativist immigration rhetoric, tearing back regulations on business and transforming America’s role in the world by abandoning multilateral agreements and upending decades-old alliances\"\n\nQ3: Has President Donald Trump kept his campaign promises to voters?\nA3: President Trump has only kept a few of his promises.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: QA pairs state promises kept and not kept. Claim does not state he kept all promises.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Edo Modular Refinery is Governor Obaseki's project.\n\nQ1: What is the The Edo Modular Refinery?\nA1: “This is a key legacy project by the Gov. Godwin Obaseki-led administration to recalibrate the state’s industrial base, birthed through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU).\n\n“The project, sited at Ologbo in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area, would produce from its feedstock 50 per cent of diesel (500,000 litres), 25 per cent of naphtha (300,000 litres) and 20 per cent of fuel oil (200,000) litres.\n\n“The crude is to be sourced from the Nigerian Petroleum Development Company’s (NPDC) facility – oil mining lease (OML) 111, near Benin City.\n\nQ2: Who owns the refinery?\nA2: The refinery, Edo Refinery and Petrochemical Limited is “fully owned and developed” by AIPCC Energy Limited.\n\n“It is located in Ologbo, Ikpoba Okha LGA of Edo State. The project is executed in two trains of 1,000BPSD; and 5,000BPSD, and will be fully operational by September 2020.”\n\nSpeaking on the role of the Edo state government on the project, Frans Ojielu, Global Advisor, Edo Refinery and Petrochemical Limited, said the company “is a beneficiary of the Edo state government policy of attracting investments to the state.",
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"content": "justification: The refinery, Edo Refinery and Petrochemical Limited is “fully owned and developed” by AIPCC Energy Limited.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There is a ‘global average’ for the number of judges and magistrates to number of people in Kenya.\n\nQ1: How many magistrates were their in Kenya in 2020?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: How many magistrates were there in Kenya in 2020?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: Is there a global average for the number of judges compared to population?\nA3: No answer could be found.\n\nQ4: What is the population of Kenya?\nA4: 47.6 million",
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"content": "justification: The answers do not support or refute the claim as there is no evidence to look at in reference to the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In Kenya now with a population of about 48 million, there is one judge serving over 300,000 people.\n\nQ1: What is the population of Kenya?\nA1: 47,564,296\n\nQ2: How many judges are there in Kenya?\nA2: 153\n\nQ3: what is 47,564,296 divided by 153?\nA3: 310,877.751634\n\n(Round up to 311)",
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"content": "justification: It works out to be approximately correct\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenya had a population of about 48 million with one judge serving over 300,000 people in 2019.\n\nQ1: According to the 2019 census data what was the population of Kenya?\nA1: Posted on November 4, 2019\nThe total enumerated population was 47,564,296\n\nQ2: How many judges were there as of June 2019?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the question and answer pairs, there is not enough evidence to label the claim. Therefore, it is not enough evidence.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Anxiety levels among young teenagers dropped during the coronavirus pandemic, a study has suggested\n\nQ1: What study is this based on?\nA1: The study was based on a survey of around 1,000 year 9 students in the south west of England. It found that students reported lower levels of anxiety when surveyed in April and May of this year compared to October 2019. \n\nIt also found an increase in wellbeing but “no large change in risk of depression.”\n\nQ2: Is this study backed up by further research?\nA2: There’s nothing wrong with this study in terms of its method or what it claims, but it shouldn’t necessarily be taken to represent the experience of all children across the country. \n\nIt can’t rule out the possibility that the mental toll of the pandemic may have been different across different parts of the country, and for people of different ages. \n\nFor example, a study out of the University of Oxford, asked parents and carers to report any changes in behavior of their children during a one-month period in lockdown. It found that while parents and carers reported that the emotional difficulties of adolescents decreased, the emotional difficulties of children aged four to ten increased. \n\nAlso a potential contributor to feelings of anxiety among students during the pandemic has been the uncertainty over exam results, which would have primarily affected students in years 11 and 13, not year 9 (as the study itself notes).",
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"content": "justification: One study shows anxiety dropping amongst young teenagers, but another study shows it depends on age and whether child will be receiving exam results.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Kenyan judiciary does not even get 1% of the national budget.\n\nQ1: When was the claim made?\nA1: 2021\n\nQ2: How much of their national budget did the Kenyan judiciary receive in 2021?\nA2: Budget speeches for 2020/21 show the judiciary received 0.6% of the national budget.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer and source show clearly that the judiciary do get less that 1% so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: I will raise taxes for anybody making over $400,000. … No new taxes for people making less than $400,000.\n\nQ1: Did Joe Biden refuse to raise taxes on people making less than $400,000 ?\nA1: There is broad agreement among the five tax models that Biden’s tax increase would fall almost entirely on the very wealthy. For technical reasons, the corporate tax increase is deemed to filter through to almost all income groups, giving the Republicans an opening to misleadingly claim that Biden is raising taxes on most Americans. Those numbers may change in Biden’s favor as updated analyses are completed of all of Biden’s tax proposals.We will leave this unrated. We are not in the habit of giving check marks for campaign promises.",
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"content": "justification: The claim is specific about the threshold of $400,000. There are two parts to the claim-one for people making over $400,000 and one for people making less than $400,000. The answer does not refer to the $400,000 threshold and does not specifically answer the question. Also, the answer refuses to commit anyway saying 'these numbers may change'. Further questions are required.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The counties are striving to reach the 10% [allocation to agriculture] recommended by the Malabo declaration.\n\nQ1: Why are the counties striving to reach 10% of allocation to agriculture?\nA1: We commit to ending hunger in Africa by 2025\n\nQ2: Should counties be chasing the 10% spending target or should it be done at a national level?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: No evidence to support progress or planning to achieve 10% allocation.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenya only disposes of about 300,000 cases.\n\nQ1: According to Chief justice David Maraga how many cases are settled?\nA1: About 300,000 cases every year.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Confirmed According to Chief justice David Maraga \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The judiciary of Kenya have an average of 400,000 cases being filed in our courts every year.\n\nQ1: How many cases on average are being filed?\nA1: The average number of cases filed was 405,283 a year.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Correct\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There is an average of 400,000 cases being filed in Kenya's courts every year.\n\nQ1: How many cases were lodged in courts between 2014/15 and 2018/19.\nA1: The most recent state of the judiciary report covers the 2018/19 financial year. Released in January 2020, it shows that more than two million cases were lodged in all courts between 2014/15 and 2018/19.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: the evidence supports the claim\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There is a ‘global average’ for the number of judges and magistrates to number of people in Kenya.\n\nQ1: What is the global average of Judges to 100,000 population?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: How does Kenya's average of judges per 100,000 compare?\nA2: 1.3 judges or magistrates for every 100,000 people in Kenya in 2014, \n\n3.6 for South Africa in 2015, \n0.8 for the US in 2017\n8.7 for China in 2017.\n\nQ3: What is the global average for judges in the world\nA3: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: There is not enough evidence to show there is a global average so I can't support or refute the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Kenya judiciary have one magistrate serving over 77,000 people.\n\nQ1: How many magistrates worked in Kenya in 2019?\nA1: 546 as of June 2019.\n\nQ2: What is the population of Kenya?\nA2: Rounded up to 47.6 million.\n\nQ3: What is 47.6 million divided by 546?\nA3: 87 179\n\nQ4: Does the claim state \"over 77,000\" and therefore accept that 87,179 is over 77,000?\nA4: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: 87000 is significantly different than the claimed 77,000 but since it does say \"over 77,000\" it is technically true. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The judiciary does not even get 1% of the national Kenyan budget.\n\nQ1: What was Kenya's total budget for 2019/20?\nA1: Total programmed spending for the FY 2019/20 amounts to Ksh 2.8 trillion.\n\nQ2: How much of the Kenyan budget for 2019/20 was allocated to the judiciary?\nA2: I have allocated Ksh 40.5 billion to Parliament and Ksh 19.4 billion to the\nJudiciary.\n\n0.69%\n\nQ3: How much was allocated to Kenya's Judiciary in 2019/2020 National budget?\nA3: 11\nSummary Tables\nAppropriation Account Mandatory1 Discretionary Total Mandatory1 Discretionary Total Mandatory Discretionary Total\nSupreme Court\nSalaries and Expenses 2,663 84,703 87,366 2,680 87,699 90,379 2,729 93,630 96,359\nBuilding and Grounds - 15,999 15,999 - 15,590 15,590 - 11,678 11,678\nTotal, Supreme Court 2,663 100,702 103,365 2,680 103,289 105,969 2,729 105,308 108,037\nCourt of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 3,041 32,016 35,057 3,120 32,700 35,820 3,168 34,023 37,191\nCourt of International Trade 1,352 18,882 20,234 2,099 19,564 21,663 2,143 20,097 22,240\nCourts of Appeals, District Courts,\nand Other Judicial Services:\nSalaries and Expenses 418,225 5,144,383 5,562,608 457,484 5,250,234 5,707,718 469,369 5,459,475 5,928,844\nVaccine Injury Trust Fund - 8,475 8,475 - 9,070 9,070 - 9,700 9,700\nTotal, Salaries and Expenses 418,225 5,152,858 5,571,083 457,484 5,259,304 5,716,788 469,369 5,469,175 5,938,544\nDefender Services - 1,150,450 1,150,450 - 1,234,574 1,234,574 - 1,316,240 1,316,240\nFees of Jurors & Commissioners - 49,750 49,750 - 53,545 53,545 - 55,478 55,478\nCourt Security - 607,110 607,110 - 639,165 639,165 - 664,011 664,011\nTotal, CADCOJS 418,225 6,960,168 7,378,393 457,484 7,186,588 7,644,072 469,369 7,504,904 7,974,273\nAdministrative Office of the U.S. Courts - 92,413 92,413 - 94,261 94,261 - 99,812 99,812\nFederal Judicial Center - 29,819 29,819 - 30,436 30,436 - 31,344 31,344\nJudicial Retirement Funds 211,700 - 211,700 240,100 - 240,100 262,300 - 262,300\nSentencing Commission - 18,953 18,953 - 19,670 19,670 - 20,256 20,256\nTotal Direct 636,981 7,244,478 7,881,459 705,483 7,477,438 8,182,921 739,709 7,806,044 8,545,753\nVaccine Injury Trust Fund - 8,475 8,475 - 9,070 9,070 - 9,700 9,700\nTotal, Judiciary 636,981 7,252,953 7,889,934 705,483 7,486,508 8,191,991 739,709 7,815,744 8,555,453\n1 FY 2019 mandatory levels reflect actuals, with the exception of Supreme Court which reflects the FY 2019 financial plan level.\nFY 2020 mandatory levels represent FY",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: allocated Ksh 40.5 billion to Parliament and Ksh 19.4 billion to the\nJudiciary.\n\n0.69%\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: All government schools in India are being privatised.\n\nQ1: What did India's Union Education Minister say about the privatisation of governments schools?\nA1: New Delhi: There is no plan to privatise primary education, the Centre told the Parliament today. This statement was given by Minister of Human Resource Development, Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank in the Lok Sabha today in response to Kaushalendra Kumar question on whether it is fact that NITI Aayog has suggested that Primary Education may be given to the private sector to reduce the burden of salary to teachers and other infrastructure.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: There is no plan by the Indian government to privatize primary education as said by the Minister of Human Resource Development\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The current Ghana administration has resulted in a decline in unemployment rates from 11.9% in 2015 to 7.3% in 2019.\n\nQ1: Before 2020, when were the last two Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS) conducted?\nA1: The survey covered a period of twelve (12) months from 18th October 2012 to 17th October 2013.\n\nQ2: What was the unemployment rate for period spanning 2012/13 and 2016/17?\nA2: The overall unemployment rate for the country is 8.4 percent.\n\nQ3: What was the employment rate for 2012/13?\nA3: Even though the unemployment rate (5.2%) is low...\n\nQ4: What were the unemployment rates in 2015 and 2019?\nA4: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Not enough evidence covering specified years.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: If one gets the Spanish flu you have a 50% chance of dying\n\nQ1: How many people died from the Spanish flu?\nA1: The influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 killed more people than the Great War, known today as World War I (WWI), at somewhere between 20 and 40 million people.\n\nQ2: How many people were estimated to have been infected with the spanish flu?\nA2: Half a billion people were infected.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: the numbers dont match. If we take the highest figure of 40 million deaths and the infection number of 500 million\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Ghana's economy previously grew at 3.4% under the form President Mahama's government and on average, for three successive years, at 7% per year with the current administration.\n\nQ1: When did Akufo-Addo become President of Nigeria?\nA1: 7 Jan 2017\nNana Akufo-Addo was sworn in as Ghana’s new president on Saturday, in a ceremony attended by dozens of African leaders\n\nQ2: What was Ghana's economic growth rate in 2016?\nA2: 3.448%\n\nQ3: What was Ghana's economic growth rate in 2017,2018 & 2019?\nA3: 2017: 8.143%\n2018: 6.263%\n2019: 6.478%\n\nAn average of 6.96% per year.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The GDP percentages in the answers and sources show that the claim is correct so it is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenya settles about 300,000 court cases each year.\n\nQ1: How many cases on average have been settled between the 2014/2015 year and the 2018/2019 year\nA1: The average is 321, 652",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The average number of settled cases is indeed around 300,000.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There is a ‘global average’ for the number of judges and magistrates to number of people\n\nQ1: Is it possable to calculate the ratio of the numbers judges and magistrates compared to head of world population?\nA1: No, because some countries might still\nonly report the number of judges whose duty is\nthe judgment of criminal cases. Apart from this,\nit is not clear whether really all judges are\nincluded in the reported figures in all countries.\nNumbers will often only include judges at\nordinary courts, but not those working at\nspecialized courts (like administrative courts\netc.).\n\nQ2: What is the latest data on the ratio of judges or magistrates to the number of people in Kenya?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: There is not enough evidence to know if this claim is correct. There is no indication that there is a 'global average' \n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Kenya's judiciary does not even get 1% of the national budget\n\nQ1: What budgetary percentage did Kenya's Judiciary got in 2020 National budget ?\nA1: EIGHT POINT ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE - COVID-19 RESPONSE\n3 THE NATIONAL TREASURY AND PLANNING\n1. Improving Road Infrastructure and Urban Re-\nnewal whose initiatives include:\n A Ksh 10.0 Bn “Kazi Mtaani Programme” targeting\n100,000 unemployed youth in the major cities and urban\nsettlements of Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, Eldoret, Nakuru\nand other major towns to be engaged in fumigation, storm\nwater drainage, cleaning of markets and informal settle-\nments;\n Ksh 5.0 Bn for rehabilitation of access roads and foot\nbridges affected by the heavy rains, using local labour in\nall constituencies.\nA clean up exercise under the “Kazi Mtaani\nProgramme across the country\n2. Improving Education Outcomes:\n Allocations to support education include:\n Ksh 2.4 Bn for recruitment of 10,000 teacher interns to support\nthe 100 percent transition and employment creation;\n Ksh 2.1 Bn for rehabilitation and construction of classrooms;\nKsh 1.9 Bn to cater for fabricated desks for secondary\nand primary schools.\n Ksh 0.7 Bn for capitation and improving infrastructure in low\ncost boarding schools in ASAL using local labour; and\n Ksh 0.3 Bn for hiring of 1,000 ICT interns to support digital\nlearning in public schools and employment creation.\nLocal artisans making desks\n3. Enhancing Liquidity for Small & Medium En-\nterprises (SMEs):\n Allocations to enhance liquidity for SMEs include:\n Ksh 5.0 billion to fast-track payment of outstanding VAT\nrefunds owed to local businesses;\n Ksh 5.0 billion for payment of pending bills; and\n Ksh 3.0 billion seed capital for the SME Credit Guarantee\nScheme.\nA modern walkthrough sanitizer, Ksh 25 million has been\nallocated for modern walkthrough sanitizers\n4. Improving Health Outcomes\n Key initiatives and allocations include:\n Ksh 1.2 billion for recruitment of 5,000 diploma and\ncertificate level health interns for one year; and\n Ksh 0.5 billion for expansion of bed capacity in public\nhospitals through supply of locally sourced beds and\nbeddings.\nA smal\n\nQ2: when did the judiciary start receiving less than 1%\nA2: the judiciary started recieving less than 1% since 2015 but did not complain till 2019",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Q&A 1's answer seems unrelated to the claim, but Q&A 2 does give an answer that states that the judiciary of Kenya has been receiving less than 1% of the national budget as claimed\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In Kenya, one Magistrate serves 77,000 people.\n\nQ1: How many magistrates are in Kenya\nA1: 546 magistrates\n\nQ2: What is the population of Kenya\nA2: The total enumerated population was 47,564,296\n\nQ3: What is 47,564,296 divided by 546\nA3: 87, 114\n\nQ4: Is 87, 114 the same number as the claimed 77,000?\nA4: No, because It is 10,114 more than is actually claimed.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The figure in the claim is not hugely different but its enough that it cant be considered correct, so the claim is refuted. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In Kenya now, with a population of about 48 million, they have one judge serving over 300,000 people.\n\nQ1: What is the latest population estimate for Kenya?\nA1: The 2019 Kenyan population is 47,564,296.\n\nQ2: How many judges are there in Kenya?\nA2: As of June 2019, there were 153 judges.\n\nQ3: In Kenya, what is the judge-to-population ratio?\nA3: one judge for every 311,000 people\n\nQ4: What is the ratio of judge to population\nA4: There is about one judge to over 311,000 people",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: In 2019, one judge serves 311,000 people in Kenya.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: No Democrats have condemned the rioting that has occurred alongside recent protests.\n\nQ1: Did any Democrats condemn the rioting after the death of George Floyd in 2020?\nA1: Yes, because Joe Biden condemned the rioting as needless destruction.\n\nQ2: Did any politicians condemn the rioting after the death of George Floyd in 2020?\nA2: Yes, because Joe Biden condemned the rioting as needless destruction.\n\nQ3: is Joe Biden a democrat?\nA3: Joe Biden is a democrat.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Condemned by Joe Biden Leader of the Democratic party and confirmed via source.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A pizza place in Washington, D.C. -- Comet Ping Pong has ties to Hillary Clinton and other leading Democrats\n\nQ1: What is Pizzagate?\nA1: Pizzagate is the theory that holds that a particular pizza place in Washington, D.C. -- Comet Ping Pong -- is a front for a child sex-trafficking ring tied to Hillary Clinton and other leading Democrats.\n\nQ2: Is there any evidence of Hillary Clinton and other leading Democrats links to comet ping pong?\nA2: No, because There is not proven links at all\n\nQ3: is there any evidence of child abuse happening at comet ping pong?\nA3: No, because A man traveled to the area and fired an assault rifle inside the restaurant, determined to investigate the claims himself. No one was injured, there was no evidence of child abuse.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: No. There is not proven links at all\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: South Africans that drink are amongst the top drinkers in the world.\n\nQ1: What is the global average alcohol consumption in litres of pure alcohol per day?\nA1: The global averages as of 2016 is 15.1 litres per day.\n\nQ2: What is the daily average of pure alcohol consumption per day in South africa?\nA2: 29.9 litres.\n\nQ3: Where does South Africa rank as a nation in terms of Daily pure Alcohol consumption?\nA3: 6th out of 189 countries.",
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"content": "justification: Is says \"amongst the top drinkers\" not the top, so since they are 6th, this could be plausible\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: South Africans are among the top drinkers in the world.\n\nQ1: What countries of Africa have the top 3 highest consumption of alcohol per capita?\nA1: 1\tTunisia\t36.6 litres of alcohol per person\n2\tEswatini\t34.4 litres of alcohol per person\n3\tNamibia\t32.4 litres of alcohol per person\n\nQ2: What place does South Africa show for litres of alcohol per person in Africa?\nA2: South Africa\tplaces 4th with only 29.9 litres of alcohol per person.\n\nQ3: Where does South Africa place on world rankings for alcohol consumption [per person?\nA3: South Africa ranked 6th out of 189 countries for alcohol consumption per person.\n\nQ4: Is South Africa in the top 10 countries for alcohol consumption?\nA4: Yes, because South Africa ranked sixth",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that they are ranked 6th in the world so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: South African consume more alcohol per person on average than anywhere else in Africa.\n\nQ1: What's the average alcohol consumption per person in South Africa?\nA1: 7.1 litres\n\nQ2: What's the average alcohol consumption per person in Nigeria?\nA2: 9.6 litres",
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"content": "justification: It seems that SA consumes less alcohol. Therefore the claim is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: South Africans drink more per person than anywhere else in Africa\n\nQ1: What is the average amount of alcohol a South African over 15 Years old drinks per year?\nA1: 29.9 litres\n\nQ2: Do any other African countries drink more than 29.9Ltrs per capita (15Yo+)?\nA2: Yes, because - Tunisia (36.6 litres),\n- Eswatini (34.4 litres)\n- Namibia (32.4 litres)",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The second answer and source clearly show that there are other parts of Africa where they drink more so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Only 31% of South African drink alcohol\n\nQ1: Are South Africans heavy drinkers?\nA1: Overall, approximately 62,300 (95% UI 27,000–103,000) adults died from alcohol-attributable causes in South Africa in 2015, with 60% of deaths occurring in people in the low and 15% in the high SES groups. Age-standardized, alcohol-attributable mortality rates per 100,000 adults were highest for the low SES group (727 deaths, 95% UI 354–1208 deaths) followed by the middle (377 deaths, 95% UI 165–687 deaths) and high SES groups (163 deaths, 95% UI 71–289 deaths). The socioeconomic differences were highest for mortality from infectious diseases.\n\nQ2: In 2016 what percentage of the population in South Africa drank alcohol?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
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"content": "justification: Q1 is related to the claim but is too specific to either support or refute the claim.\nThere is a better answer to this question on the source page.\nThe claim was made in 2021 yet Q2 specifies 2016, which is probably the latest available data. How can there be no answer if the question switches to 2016? In fact, the source from answer 1 answers Q2.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: South Africans drink more per person than anywhere else in Africa.\n\nQ1: Which country consumes the most alcohol per person in Africa?\nA1: 1st Tunisia (36.6 litres), \n2nd Eswatini (34.4 litres) 3rd Namibia (32.4 litres) were above South Africa in the rankings with South Africa at 29.9 litres.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Good clear statistics clearly show three countries appear above South Africa in the alcohol per person statistics.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: world bank currently rates Nigeria as one of ten top performing countries on its Doing Business Index.\n\nQ1: Is Nigeria in the top ten of countries on World Bank's Doing Business Index?\nA1: Nigeria is included in the top ten countries in the index.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Nigeria is in the World Bank's top 10 Doing Business Index \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: South Africans are among the top drinkers in the world\n\nQ1: what is south africa's rank on the global alcohol consumption scale\nA1: According to the latest available statistics, the average drinker in SA consumed 30l of pure alcohol in 2016. That level of consumption per drinker places the country in the sixth position globally — up from 11th place in 2010.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer suggests that the average consumption puts SA in the top 6 countries. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Only 31% of South Africans drink alcohol\n\nQ1: What percent of South Africans are reported drink alcohol?\nA1: In the most recent report 69% of South Africans over the age of 15 did NOT drink alcohol.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the evidence, the claim that only 31% of South Africans drink alcohol is supported, seeing as 69% of South Africans over the age of 15 did not drink alcohol.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Only 31% of South Africans drink alcohol.\n\nQ1: What is the percentage of South Africans who do not drink alcohol?\nA1: According to a recent survey, 69 percent of South Africans over the age of 15 did not consume alcohol in 2016.\n\nQ2: What is the date of the claim?\nA2: August 8th 2020\n\nQ3: Is the 2016 report the most recent data available for this claim?\nA3: Yes, because A 2018 report uses the 2016 data for South Africans who drink alcohol",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: this claims appears to be true, 69% of south africans, on a recent survey, didn't drink alcohol. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Joe Biden officiated a gay wedding at the White House in 2016.\n\nQ1: Did Joe Biden officiate a gay wedding in 2016?\nA1: Yes, because Vice President Joe Biden officiated over the wedding of two longtime White House staffers, Brian Mosteller and Joe Mahshie, at the Naval Observatory in 2016.\n\nQ2: Where is the Naval Observatory based?\nA2: The Naval Observatory is based at Number One Observatory Circle on the White House grounds.\n\nQ3: Is the Naval Observatory based within the White House?\nA3: No, because On the White House grounds, not within the White House.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Q&A establish that Biden officiated and where exactly the wedding took place.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Democratic Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction Kathy Hoffman is “pushing” for sex education that would teach kindergartners about masturbation and sexual positions.\n\nQ1: Did Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction Kathy Hoffman propose changes to sex education guidleines?\nA1: Yes, because June 2019\nThe State Board resolved the lawsuit by changing a portion of the sex ed rules in May, but this proposal, which Hoffman asked the board to consider, would have made several more changes developed by Sen. Martin Quezada, D-Glendale, and a group of stakeholders.\n\nQ2: Did the State Board implement Hoffman's proposals?\nA2: No, because Ultimately, board members decided not to take action and let existing rules stand.\n\nQ3: What were the changes proposed by Hoffman?\nA3: The local governing board shall publicize and hold at least two public\n26 hearings for the purpose of receiving public input at least one week prior to\n27 the local governing board meeting at which the elective sex education lessons\n28 will be considered for approval. THE PUBLIC HEARINGS SHALL ADHERE\n29 TO OPEN MEETING LAW REQUIREMENTS PURSUANT TO ARIZONA\n30 REVISED STATUTES SECTION 38-431 THROUGH 38-431.09.\nLessons shall MAY be taught to boys and girls separately.\nLessons shall not include tests, psychological inventories, surveys, or\n40 examinations containing any questions about the student’s or his THEIR\n41 parents’ personal beliefs or practices in sex, family life, morality, values or\n42 religion.\nAll sex education materials and instruction shall be age appropriate, recognize\n9 the needs of exceptional students, meet the needs of the district, recognize local\n10 community standards and sensitivities, shall not include the teaching of\n11 abnormal, deviate, or unusual sexual acts and practices, BE MEDICALLY AND\n12 SCIENTIFICALLY ACCURATE\nStress that sexually transmitted diseases INFECTIONS have severe\n27 consequences and constitute a serious and widespread public health\n28 problem, AND PROVIDE MEDICALLY ACCURATE INSTRUCTION ON\n29 METHODS TO PREVENT THE TRANSMISSION OF THESE INFECTIONS;\nCertification of compliance. All districts offering a local governing board-approved\n36 sex education course or lesson shall certify, under the notarized signature of both the\n37 president of the local governing board and the chief administrator of the school district,\n38 compliance with this rule except as specified in subsection (C) AND THAT THE\n39 SCHOOL DISTRICT’S OR CHARTER SCHOOL’S LEGAL REPRESENTATION\n40 REVIEWED THE SEX EDUCATION COURSE OR LESSON.\n\nQ4: Do the sex education guidelines mention the age of student to be taught?\nA4: All sex education materials and instruction shall be age appropriate",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Seems from the claim, that the senator was pushing for difference in sex education, however the measures would have been age appropriate if they had been approved. Therefore the claim is refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The interface of the COVID-19 Exposure Notification System, a contact tracing programme developed by Apple and Google has been secretly inserted onto phones and tracks user’s location.\n\nQ1: Does the Covid-19 Exposure notification system track users locations?\nA1: Google explicitly states that Exposure Notification “does not collect or use the location from your device. It uses Bluetooth, which can be used to detect if two devices are near each other — without revealing where the devices are.”\n\nGoogle adds that “neither Google, Apple, nor other users can see your identity” and that the “technology only works if you decide to opt-in.”",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It's clear from the Q&A that this claim is not true and has been backed up by statements.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Democratic Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction Kathy Hoffman was sworn into office on a Dr. Seuss book.\n\nQ1: How as Kathy Hoffman sworn in?\nA1: offman was sworn into office in January 2019 and, according to The Hill, took her oath on the children’s book “Too Many Moose!” by Lisa Bakos\n\nQ2: Is there any requirement that public officials swear in on the Bible, or any other religious book?\nA2: No, because There is no requirement that public officials swear in on the Bible, or any other religious book, per the U.S. Constitution’s Article VI, Clause 3.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: “Too Many Moose!” by Lisa Bakos not Dr Seuss\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: India's Supreme Court recently changed its motto from ‘Satyamev Jayate’ to ‘Yato Dharmastato Jai’.\n\nQ1: Has the motto of the Supreme Court of India been changed?\nA1: No, because There is no evidence of the motto being changed.\n\nQ2: How does the Supreme Court of India detail its motto?\nA2: The inscription in Sanskrit\n“yatodharmastato jayah” means – Truth alone I uphold.\n\nQ3: Is there any reference in the Supreme Court's history section to a change of motto?\nA3: No, because There is no reference to a change of motto.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: This claim is refuted. According to the QA pair, there has been no evidence of the Indian Supreme Court changing its motto, as evidenced by the wiki source. Therefore, this claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Democrats recited the US Pledge of Allegiance tonight and took out \"under God\".\n\nQ1: How is the nightly pledge of allegiance recited\nA1: The Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag: \"I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all,\" should be rendered by standing at attention facing the flag with the right hand over the heart.\n\nQ2: How did Democrats recite the nightly pledge of allegiance recited during the National convention\nA2: I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Under god is included in the transcription.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Democratic VP candidate Kamala Harris called young voters stupid.\n\nQ1: What did Democratic VP candidate Kamala Harris say about young voters?\nA1: In a May 2014 speech at the Ford Foundation, Harris said, \"When I was at Howard University and we were in college we were 18 through 24 and you know what we were called? 'College kids.' But when you turn 18 and you're in the system, you are considered an adult, period,\" she added.\n\nAttempting to lighten the mood, she joked, \"What else do we know about this population, 18 through 24? They are stupid. That is why we put them in dormitories. And they have a resident assistant. They make really bad decisions.\"\n\nQ2: Did Kamala Harris Call Young Voters Stupid?\nA2: Kamala Harris said \"What else do we know about this population, 18 through 24? They are stupid. That is why we put them in dormitories. And they have a resident assistant. They make really bad decisions.\"\nIt is true that she called the young people stupid no matter what the reason was.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Confirmed in QA pair/source.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Israel has developed super-quick saliva test for COVID-19.\n\nQ1: Have Israel developed a saliva test for COVID-19?\nA1: Yes although still in testing phase. \n\n1-second Covid spit test shown 95% accurate so far\nNewsight’s spectral technology, currently being tried on patients at Sheba Medical Center, could revolutionize SARS-CoV-2 testing across the world.\n\nQ2: Has Israel developed a super-quick saliva test for COVID-19?\nA2: Yes. The claim does not ask whether the test is licensed, reviewed, in production or accurate. It merely states that a quick test has been developed. It has and is under review.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: I think Q2 only exists because Q1 forgot to ask if it was super-quick. The answer to Q1 confirms that it is.\nQ&A1 supports the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Children are silent super-spreaders of coronavirus.\n\nQ1: What evidence is there to prove that children are super-spreaders of coronavirus\nA1: Prof Adilia Warris, Professor of Paediatric Infectious Diseases at the University of Exeter, said, “The data presented here does not support the claim that children are silent spreaders of COVID-19.\n\n“The authors do show that children who presented with respiratory symptoms during this pandemic, and who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, displayed viral loads comparable to adult hospitalized patients, especially in the first two days of symptoms. Interestingly, of the children presenting with symptoms, only around 28 per cent of children tested positive, and of these, more than 60 per cent were over the age of 11, 26 per cent were obese (with less than 10 per cent in the non SARS-CoV-2 group), and exposure to the virus was by either mum or dad (77 per cent), supporting a larger role for adults in the transmission of this virus.\n\nQ2: Are kids able to spread the coronavirus\nA2: Kids are a possible source of spreading this virus said Alessio Fasano, MD\nDirector, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center\nMassachusetts General Hospital\n\nQ3: What have experts said about this claim and the study its based on?\nA3: Dr Simon Clarke, Associate Professor in Cellular Microbiology at the University of Reading, said:\n\nIt does not demonstrate, in any way, that children actually spread of the virus to adults or other children.”",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: children aren't any more super-spreaders than adults. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Social Security checks do not go through the U.S. postal service since 2013 because it's not secure\n\nQ1: Do any social security checks still go through the US postal service?\nA1: Currently, the Social Security Administration pays approximately 71.6 million (98.8%) Social Security and SSI benefits electronically per month and mails nearly 850,000 paper checks (1.2%) per month.\n\nQ2: Can you receive your social security checks via the U.S. postal service?\nA2: No answer could be found.\n\nQ3: How do you receive Social Security checks in the U.S.?\nA3: There are two ways you can receive your benefits:\n\nInto an existing bank account via Direct Deposit or\nOnto a Direct Express® Debit Mastercard®\n\nQ4: Since March 2013, has Social Security continued to mail paper checks?\nA4: Pursuant to a new Federal regulation, as of March 1, 2013, the Treasury required almost all beneficiaries to receive payments through direct deposit, though paper checks are still available to some beneficiaries under limited circumstances.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: mostly this is true, as options to receive social security checks in the mail are limited to certain circumstances, instead your options are Direct Deposit or\nOnto a Direct Express® Debit Mastercard\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Candace Owens was fired from her show at One America News after a racist outburst.\n\nQ1: Did Candace Owens have a tv show at One America News?\nA1: No, because Her show was on 'praeru'\n\nQ2: Which web site did the claim originate on?\nA2: Taterforceone.com\n\nQ3: It the web site taterforceone.com a trustworthy news publishing site?\nA3: No, because It is a satrical news site as explained by themselves, taterforceone.com is a subsidiary of the “America’s Last Line of Defense” network of parody, satire, and tomfoolery, or as Snopes called it before they lost their war on satire: Junk News",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems that the website is for satire and is therefore nit true.the claim is thus refuted\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Trump is the most pro-gay president in American history.\n\nQ1: Did Trump make laws that were Pro-gay when he was in office\nA1: No, because He made laws such as \n1. Appointing Anti-Equality Judges\n2. Stripping protections from LGBTQ students, parents and families\n3. Defending Anti-Gay Discrimination",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: The Q&A pair points to some very anti gay things trump did as president, so he is unlikely to be the most pro gay president in US history.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: US billionaires became $400 billion richer during the COVID-19 pandemic, while millions lost their $600 a week in extra unemployment.\n\nQ1: Did billionaires get richer or poorer during the pandemic?\nA1: Cumulatively, the top 50 billionaires lost $232 billion between the market’s peak and this Tuesday. If the remaining billionaires on the Forbes list lost wealth at the same roughly 12.5% rate that the top 50 experienced, that’s another $200 billion–plus wiped out.\n\nQ2: How many people lost their $600 a week in enhanced unemployment benefits?\nA2: Nearly 30 million workers have lost $600 in enhanced weekly unemployment benefits",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: From the evidence, it looks as though 50 top billionaires lost $232 billion between the market’s peak and this Tuesday; there is no mention of them becoming richer. However, nearly 30 million workers did lose $600 in enhanced weekly unemployment benefits.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Messages in Google Earth show the \"Deep States New Home,\" which shows up on the map as \"Setatspeed Emohwen Gardens\" near Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.\n\nQ1: Does A search on Google Earth show any results for Deepstates New Home?\nA1: A search on Google Earth does not show results for Deepstates New Home\n\nQ2: Does a search on Google Earth show results for Emohwen Setatspeed gardens?\nA2: A search on Google Earth does not show results for Emohwen Setatspeed gardens.\n\nQ3: Does a search on google earth show any results for Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.?\nA3: Yes, because Guantánamo Bay is a bay in Guantánamo Province at the southeastern end of Cuba\n\nQ4: Is there any evidence found of these places existing or messages shown on Google Earth?\nA4: No, they are not on Google earth. (apart from Guantanamo bay)",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: QAs provide evidence that names of the 2 ‘Deep state’ locations were searched for and no evidence found of their existence; also that a real location - Guantanamo Bay - does show up as expected on Google Earth.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: USA is the only major industrial economy to have it unemployment rate triple.\n\nQ1: What was the rate of unemployment before the pandemic in the US\nA1: 3.6%\n\nQ2: What was the rate of unemployment during and after the pandemic\nA2: 11.1%\n\nQ3: Did any industrial economy surpass the US in their unemployment rate\nA3: Only Canada came close",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The figures show that the rate did roughy triple and that only Canada came close. So the claim is true.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The USA has only 4% of the worlds population but has 25% of the worlds Covid-19 Cases.\n\nQ1: what percentage of world's population lives in USA?\nA1: about 4%\n\nQ2: What percentage of world's Covid-19 cases are from USA?\nA2: about 25%",
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"content": "justification: The answers support the claim.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Donald Trump is trying to take away the health care by getting rid of the Affordable Care Act.\n\nQ1: What is the affordable care act?\nA1: The Affordable Care Act (ACA)will provide one of the largest expansions of mental health and substance use disorder coverage in a generation. Beginning in 2014 under the law, all new small group and individual market plans will be required to cover ten Essential Health Benefit categories\n\nQ2: Did Donald Trump While President of the U.S want to get rid of the ACA Law?\nA2: Yes, because The claim refers to a court case pending before the Supreme Court in which the Trump has joined a group of Republican governors in an effort to overturn the Affordable Care Act",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answers and sources show that Trump was trying to get rid of the ACA so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Mughal Gardens Renamed To Dr. Rajendra Prasad Garden\n\nQ1: What are the Mughal gardens?\nA1: The Mughal gardens are the few number of gardens built by the Mughals in the Islamic style of architecture in India as well as other countries. Most famous Mughal Gardens of India are the garden of Taj Mahal, the Red Fort garden in Delhi, Agra Fort and Humayun’s Tomb Garden. Other Mughal gardens are Tomb of Safdarjung,Mehtab Bagh,Roshanara Bagh,Khusro Bagh and Ram Bagh.\n\nQ2: Why is there discussion surrounding renaming the Mughal gardens?\nA2: New Delhi, Dec 3 (IANS) The Hindu Mahasabha has demanded a change of name and this time around, it wants the iconic Mughal Garden that falls under the President''s Estate, to be renamed as Rajendra Prasad Udyan.\n\nThe outfit''s President Swami Chakrapani has said that he intends to meet the Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Home Minister Amit Shah to persuade them for the same.\n\nSpeaking to IANS, Chakrapani said: \"We all know the mayhem the Mughals created when they ruled. In today''s day and age to have a garden, that too inside the Rashtrapati Bhawan, named after Mughals is unacceptable. That''s why I have proposed to name it after the first President Dr Rajendra Prasad.\"\n\nQ3: Have the Mughal Gardens been officially renamed to the Dr. Rajendra Prasad Garden?\nA3: On the official site of the President of India, the Mughal Gardens are still named the Mughal Gardens. There has been no change.",
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"content": "justification: On the official Mughal gardens website, it is the same name \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Trumps January 2018 travel ban was unlawful.\n\nQ1: Under what law can Trump enforce a travel ban\nA1: It thus vests the President with “ample power” to \nimpose entry restrictions in addition to those elsewhere enumerated\nin the INA. Sale, 509 U. S., at 187. The Proclamation falls well with\u0002in this comprehensive delegation. The sole prerequisite set forth in\n§1182(f) is that the President “find[ ]” that the entry of the covered aliens “would be detrimental to the interests of the United States.”\n\nQ2: Was President Trump's January 2018 travel ban lawful?\nA2: Yes, because The President has lawfully exercised the broad discretion granted to him under §1182(f) to suspend the entry of aliens into the United States. Pp. 9–24.\n\nQ3: Why was a travel ban placed on these countries?\nA3: The Proclamation placed entry restrictions\non the nationals of eight foreign states whose systems for managing\nand sharing information about their nationals the President deemed\ninadequate. Foreign states were selected for inclusion based on a review undertaken pursuant to one of the President’s earlier Executive\nOrders. As part of that review, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), in consultation with the State Department and intelligence\nagencies, developed an information and risk assessment “baseline.”\nDHS then collected and evaluated data for all foreign governments,\nidentifying those having deficient information-sharing practices and\npresenting national security concerns, as well as other countries “at\nrisk” of failing to meet the baseline.\n\nQ4: Has the travel ban been challenged?\nA4: Yes, because The American Civil Liberties Union and other partner organizations filed a federal lawsuit challenging President Trump’s Muslim ban executive order, charging it violates the Constitution — including the First Amendment’s prohibition of government establishment of religion and the Fifth Amendment’s guarantees of equal treatment under the law — and federal laws.\n\nQ5: Did the U.S. Supreme Court authorize the president's travel ban?\nA5: Yes, because On June 26, 2018 the United States Supreme Court upheld Presidential Proclamation 9645, allowing Travel Ban 3.0 to continue. The countries currently affected by the ban are Iran, Libya, Yemen, Syria, Somalia, Venezuela and North Korea. Chad was removed from this list in April 2018 and is no longer subject to this travel ban.",
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"content": "justification: Q&A 2 states the actuall law that made it legal for trump to issue a travel ban (§1182(f) to suspend the entry of aliens into the United States. Pp. 9–24.) thus refuting the claim the ban was unlawful.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Raising the US federally required minimum wage to $15 an hour would give 40 million workers a pay raise and push the wage scale up for everyone else.\n\nQ1: What is the Economic Policy Institute (EPI) in the US?\nA1: The EPI is an independent, nonprofit think tank that researches the impact of economic trends and policies on working people in the United States.\n\nQ2: How did the US Economic Policy Institute analyze the impact of raising the US federal minimum wage to $15 by 2025?\nA2: A total of 39.7 million workers would benefit, including:\n\n38.6 million adults ages 18 and older\n23.8 million full-time workers\n23.0 million women\n11.2 million parents\n5.4 million single parents\nThe parents of 14.4 million children\n\nQ3: What is a US Congressional Budget Office (CBO) report?\nA3: This Congressional Budget Office report was prepared in response to interest expressed by a\nnumber of Members of Congress. In keeping with CBO’s mandate to provide objective, impartial\nanalysis, the report contains no recommendations.\n\nQ4: How did the CBO analyze the impact of raising the US federal minimum wage to $15 by 2025?\nA4: In an average week in 2025, the $15 option would boost the wages of\n17 million workers who would otherwise earn less than $15 per hour. \nThe wages of many of the 10 million workers\nwhose wages would be slightly above the new federal minimum would also increase.",
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"content": "justification: Although millions of workers would receive a pay rise - it would be an estimated A total of 39.7 million workers would benefit. Also a contradiction of \"boost the wages of\n17 million workers who would otherwise earn less than $15 per hour. \nThe wages of many of the 10 million workers\nwhose wages would be slightly above the new federal minimum would also increase\". \n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Drinking vodka protects an individual against COVID-19.\n\nQ1: Does drinking Vodka protect you from viral infections?\nA1: Alcohol in the body at the time of exposure to a pathogen tends to impair the body’s immediate immune response to the pathogen, making it easier for an infection to develop.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Alcohol makes you more likely to get infected.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: BJP MP and former Union Minister Alphons Kannanthanam sent his mother's dead body from Delhi to Kerala for the funeral without revealing she died of Covid-19.\n\nQ1: Did BJP MP and former Union Minister Alphons Kannanthanam send his mother's dead body from Delhi to Kerala for the funeral without revealing she died of Covid-19?\nA1: The Rajya Sabha MP’s mother did not die due to Covid-19. She was tested negative twice for Covid-19 before her demise at AIIMS, Delhi, due to internal organ damage.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The Rajya Sabha MP’s mother did not die due to Covid-19\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Drinking traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or steroids, along with antibiotics at the onset of symptoms cures COVID-19.\n\nQ1: Can traditional Chinese medicine cure Covid-19?\nA1: No, because Scientists around the world are working to find and develop treatments for COVID-19. Home remedies do not cure Covid-19.\n\nQ2: Can steroids cure Covid-19?\nA2: Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid that can help reduce the length of time on a ventilator and save lives of patients with severe and critical illness. Steroids can help treat the symptoms of Covid-19 but they do not cure it.\n\nQ3: Can Anti-biotics cure Covid-19?\nA3: Antibiotics do not work against viruses; they only work on bacterial infections. COVID-19 is caused by a virus, so antibiotics do not work. Antibiotics should not be used as a means of prevention or treatment of COVID-19.\n\nIn hospitals, physicians will sometimes use antibiotics to prevent or treat secondary bacterial infections which can be a complication of COVID-19 in severely ill patients. They should only be used as directed by a physician to treat a bacterial infection.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Disproved by scientists..\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Sarang Jeil Church of Jesus took preventative measure against coronavirus but the government spread the virus to prevent Rev. Jeon Kwang-hun attending the anti-government demonstration on August 15th.\n\nQ1: What happened which caused the COVID-19 outbreak?\nA1: This new burst of patients has been linked to conservative pastor Rev. Jeon Kwang-hun’s Sarang Jeil Church (SJC) after one member was tested positive for the coronavirus on Aug. 12. Three days later the SJC members took part in a mass anti-government demonstration – despite being told by health officials to self-isolate.\n\nMore than 30,000 people participated in the protests on Aug. 15, Korea’s Independence Day, to demand that President Moon Jae-In step down. At the rally, the Rev. Jeon expressed doubt regarding the government’s response to the virus in religious communities and suggested there was a government plot to purposefully spread the virus.\n\nQ2: Did the church take preventative measures to limit the spread of COVID-19?\nA2: According to media reports, the SJC has not followed government-issued outlines for sermons. The list of churchgoers submitted by the church for case-tracking purposes was found to be faulty, and Rev. Jeon was caught on a video speaking and walking around without a mask.\n\nThe city of Seoul filed a lawsuit against the church for violation of disease prevention laws and obstructing quarantine procedures.\n\nJeon, whose church is not officially recognized, tested positive for the coronavirus two days after the protests. Against regulations, he had taken off his mask on his way to the hospital.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: It seems from rhe 2nd QA that no measures were taken. Therefore the claim is refuted \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In 2016, 33 million Americans voted by mail.\n\nQ1: What was the total number of votes by mail during the 2016 election\nA1: Numerically, absentee/mail-in ballots made up roughly 33 million of the 140 million ballots counted in the 2016 general election",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The answer and source show that there were 33 million absentee and mail in ballots in 2016 so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In Michigan, US one of the three key states that enabled Donald Trump to win the presidential election in 2016, the winning margin averaged out to just over two votes per precinct.\n\nQ1: How many voting precincts does Michigan in the U.S have?\nA1: 4,810\n\nQ2: How many votes did Donald Trump get in the 2016 U.S election in Michigan?\nA2: 2,279,543\n\nQ3: How many votes did Trumps opponent receive in Michigan?\nA3: Hillary Clinton, with 2,268,839 votes.\n\nQ4: What is Trumps winning margin of votes if you compare his (2,279,543) to his opponents (2,268,839)?\nA4: winning margin for Trump is 10,704 votes over Hillary Clinton.\n\nQ5: If you divide Trumps winning margin of votes in Michigan (10,704) by how many states Michigan has (4,8100 what is the figure?\nA5: dividing 10,704 votes by 4,810 precincts leaves 2.23 votes per precinct.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The fifth answer and source show that the votes per precinct is 2.23 so the claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: The Trump administration disbanded the pandemic response team that was given to them.\n\nQ1: Did the trump administration disband the pandemic response team?\nA1: The top White House official responsible for leading the U.S. response in the event of a deadly pandemic has left the administration, and the global health security team he oversaw has been disbanded under a reorganization by national security adviser John Bolton.\n\nThe abrupt departure of Rear Adm. Timothy Ziemer from the National Security Council means no senior administration official is now focused solely on global health security. Ziemer’s departure, along with the breakup of his team, comes at a time when many experts say the country is already underprepared for the increasing risks of a pandemic or bioterrorism attack.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The source shows he left and was not replaced, so the claim stands up. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Auto workers across Michigan could have lost their jobs if not for Barack Obama and Joe Biden\n\nQ1: How did the Obama administration save the jobs of autoworkers according to the claim?\nA1: The federal bailout of General Motors Co, Chrysler and parts suppliers in 2009 saved 1.5 million U.S. jobs and preserved $105.3 billion in personal and social insurance tax collections, according to a study released on Monday.\n\nThe Bush and Obama administrations loaned the auto industry, including GM and Chrysler, which is now controlled by Italy’s Fiat, $80 billion to avoid the collapse of the industry that they felt would result in the loss of millions of U.S. jobs.\n\nQ2: What does experts and the public think about the effect of this bail-out on saving Auto jobs in the US?\nA2: The Center for Automotive Research (CAR) in Ann Arbor, Michigan, estimated in its study that the bailout saved a lot of jobs, even crediting for a rebound of the industry in 2010 after the initial fallout.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: From the 2nd QA it seems that the Obama administration indeed helped the autoworkers, therefore the claim is supported\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Vice President Biden and President Obama assembled a pandemic playbook to make sure that America was prepared and protected.\n\nQ1: Did president Obama's administration make any preparations for a possible pandemic disease?\nA1: In 2016 the National Security Council prepared a document called the Playbook for Early Response to High-Consequence Emerging Infectious Disease Threats and Biological Incidents.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Evidence finds that the Obama administration did prepare a document called the Playbook for Early Response to High-Consequence Emerging Infectious Disease Threats and Biological Incidents. \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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] |
[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Nigeria is the largest producer of rice in Africa, ranking 14th in the world.\n\nQ1: How much rice does Nigeria produce?\nA1: 7,937 - (1000 mt)\n\nQ2: Is there an official source of the figures for rice production in all countries?\nA2: Yes, because It is listed on the United states department of Agriculture.\n\nQ3: Who is 14th on the US Department of Agricultures data table?\nA3: Nigeria are 14th on the list.",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: Confirmed via list provided as source for question 3.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: There are many scientific studies saying masks should be worn only in enclosed spaces, such as in elevators and conference rooms, and not outdoors\n\nQ1: Should masks be worn in outside and indoor spaces to prevent the spread of covid?\nA1: These include public settings such as grocery stores, at work, social or mass gatherings, closed areas (like schools, churches or mosques), public transportation, and other areas where there is high transmission of the virus, or where at least two meters physical distancing is not possible.\n\nQ2: Are there studies that state that mask wearing should only be used indoors?\nA2: No answer could be found.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: Masks are meant to be worn in both enclosed and outdoor spaces as well as public gatherings \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In the US, envelopes used for mail-in ballots in general elections reveal the party affiliation of the voter allowing postal workers to toss votes.\n\nQ1: Do ballot envelopes in general elections, show who the voter voted for?\nA1: No, because In a general election, ballot envelopes in Florida do not reveal party affiliation, an election official told us. Voting experts told us they aren’t aware of any jurisdiction using such labels in general elections, nor would there be a reason to do so.\n\nQ2: When are indications shown on the envelope?\nA2: The office of the supervisor of elections for Palm Beach County, Florida — where the envelopes in the Facebook posts were sent — confirmed that in a statement to FactCheck.org. In a closed primary, “voters are sent ballots according to their precinct and their party affiliation. The ballots in that video are primary ballots.” The alphanumeric codes on the envelopes shown in the video are used to direct the ballots for counting.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: The envelopes do not reveal party affiliations \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: In one of the states that determined the outcome\" of the 2016 presidential race, \"the winning margin averaged out to just two votes per precinct — two votes.\n\nQ1: how many votes per precinct determined the outcome of the 2016 presidential race\nA1: Michelle Obama in her speech said \"In one of the states that determined the outcome, the winning margin averaged out to just two votes per precinct—two votes\".",
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "justification: This claim is supported. According to the QA pair, Michelle Obama stated that the winning margin averaged out to just two votes per precinct. Therefore, this claim is supported.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: A sharp decline recently in novel coronavirus cases in New York was down to Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo handling of the situation.\n\nQ1: Did Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo delay the shelter-in-place order for New York?\nA1: Yes, because which led to \"the number of confirmed cases at 15,000 doubling every three or four days\"\n\nQ2: Has Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo been criticized on how he has handled the pandemic?\nA2: Yes, because Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo has been criticized for the deaths of 6,200 N.Y. nursing homes as state directive sent thousands of COVID-19 patients into nursing homes.\n\nQ3: Has there been a decline in New York cases?\nA3: Yes, because There has been a sharp decline of novel coronavirus cases in New York recently.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: The evidence supports the decline of coronavirus cases, but blames Gov. Andrew M Como for increasing the number of confirmed cases.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: President Donald Trump threatened to delay the election and suggested that he will not leave office if he loses.\n\nQ1: Did Trump want to delay the election in 2020?\nA1: \"With Universal Mail-In Voting (not Absentee Voting, which is good), 2020 will be the most INACCURATE & FRAUDULENT Election in history. It will be a great embarrassment to the USA. Delay the Election until people can properly, securely and safely vote???\" he tweeted July 30.\n\nQ2: Did Trump threaten to not leave office?\nA2: Trump’s certainty that he simply cannot lose could have a real impact on this year’s election. Since assuming office in January 2017, Trump has made at least 27 references to staying in office beyond the constitutional limit of two terms. He often follows up with a remark indicating he is “joking,” “kidding,” or saying it to drive the “fake” news media “crazy.” Even if Trump thinks that he’s only “joking,” the comments fit a broader pattern that raises the prospect that Trump may not leave office quietly in the event he’s on the losing end of a very close election. And unfortunately this possibility is only one of a number of potential election meltdowns we may face in November.\n\nQ3: Who has the power to decide when elections hold\nA3: Constitution empowers Congress to set the date by which states must choose their presidential electors, according to a March report by the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service.",
"role": "user"
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"content": "justification: QA pair confirms he suggested delaying the election in a tweet dated July 30th but in another QA pair he is quoted as saying he never even thought of that and why would he want to delay the election.\n\nIt is mentioned in QA pairs he \"joked\" about staying in office longer than the maximum 2 terms but QA pairs do not make reference to him saying he wont leave if he loses the election.\n\n\n\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Social Security beneficiaries count on the post office to get their checks\n\nQ1: How is Social Security paid in the USA?\nA1: Social Security is paid via paper cheques and direct deposits.\n\nQ2: How many people are paid social security via Paper Cheque?\nA2: 557,840\n\nQ3: How many people are paid social security via direct deposit?\nA3: 63,668,789\n\nQ4: How do people receive their paper cheques?\nA4: Around half a million people still receive paper checks in the mail.\n\nQ5: Are there Americans who get their social security benefits paid in check\nA5: The table shows that about 548,416 Americans gets their Social Security benefits via check payments\n\nQ6: Are there Americans who don't get their social security benefits in checks\nA6: About 62,800,156 Americans get their Social security benefits via direct payment",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: Evidence contains a lot of repeated questions and answers. Regardless, Q&As reveal that some people are still paid by paper cheques; however, many people are paid by direct deposit. Hence, not everyone counts on the post office to get their checks.\n\nverdict: 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Social Security beneficiaries count on the post office to get their checks.\n\nQ1: Are the Social Security beneficiaries count on the post office to get their checks?\nA1: Doing the math, there are about 555,000 Americans who still get Social Security checks by mail and about 215,000 who get Supplemental Security Income (SSI) checks by mail. That compares with 61.5 million who receive direct deposit either to the bank or a debit card.\n\nOf course, you still need to rely on the mail to get the debit card. Social Security notices also come through the mail, unless a person opts out. But relatively few people still get checks.\n\nQ2: Are there US Social Security beneficiaries who count on the post office to get their checks?\nA2: Yes, because In 2019 and 2020 99.1% of US Social Security beneficiaries got direct deposits.\nSome beneficiaries still depend on the Post Office.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "justification: In 2019 and 2020 99.1% of US Social Security beneficiaries got direct deposits.\n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
"role": "assistant"
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Vice President Biden and President Obama assembled a pandemic playbook to make sure that America was prepared and protected. The Trump administration disbanded the pandemic response team that was given to them.\n\nQ1: Did Vice President Biden and President Obama assemble a pandemic playbook to make sure that America was prepared and protected?\nA1: Yes, because Through the Obama administration, the NSC devised the guide — officially called the Playbook for Early Response to High-Consequence Emerging Infectious Disease Threats and Biological Incidents, but known colloquially as \"the pandemic playbook\" — across 2016. The project was driven by career civil servants as well as political appointees, aware that global leaders had initially fumbled their response to the 2014–2015 spread of Ebola and wanting to be sure that the next response to an epidemic was better handled.\n\nQ2: Did President Donald Trump utilize the pandemic playbook?\nA2: No, because The Trump administration was briefed on the playbook’s existence in 2017, said four former officials, but two cautioned that it never went through a full, National Security Council-led interagency process to be approved as Trump administration strategy.\n\nQ3: Did President Donald Trump disband the pandemic response team that was given to him?\nA3: Yes, because The document rested with NSC officials who dealt with medical preparedness and biodefense in the global health security directorate, which the Trump administration disbanded in 2018, four former officials said.\n\nQ4: Why did the Trump administration not utilize the pandemic playbook?\nA4: “We are aware of the document, although it’s quite dated and has been superseded by strategic and operational biodefense policies published since,” the official said. “The plan we are executing now is a better fit, more detailed, and applies the relevant lessons learned from the playbook and the most recent Ebola epidemic in the [Democratic Republic of the Congo] to COVID-19.”\n\nQ5: is it normal for a new president to set up their own working team\nA5: Yes, because a president can choose cabinent members he chooses to work with",
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"content": "justification: It seems from the 3rd QA that the group was indeed disbanded therefore the claim is supported \n\nverdict: 'Supported'",
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Sweden, which does not require the wearing of masks in public, has had few deaths due to COVID-19\n\nQ1: how many deaths has been recorded due to the covid 19 in Sweden\nA1: Sweden has the highest mortality rate at 56.23% per 100,000 population\n\nQ2: Has the requirement to wear face masks been implemented in Sweden?\nA2: No, because ‘We see no point in wearing a face mask,’ Sweden’s top virus expert says\n\nQ3: As of August 16, 2020, how many deaths have occurred due to COVID-19 in Sweden?\nA3: 5 783\n\nQ4: Which countries are Nordic?\nA4: The Nordic region, or Norden, may be defined as consisting of the five sovereign states Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, plus the three autonomous territories connected to these states: the Faroe Islands and Greenland (Denmark) and Åland (Finland).\n\nQ5: What were the total COVID-19 deaths within Nordic countries and autonomous territories as of August 16, 2020?\nA5: Sweden: 5783 \n\nDenmark: 621 \n\nFinland: 333\n\nIceland: 10\n\nNorway: 261\n\nFaroe Islands: 0\n\nGreenland: 0\n\nQ6: Did Sweden have the highest total of deaths compared to other Nordic countries and autonomous territories as of August 16, 2020?\nA6: Yes, because Sweden had the highest total of deaths as of August 16, 2020, with 5783 deaths.",
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"content": "justification: QA pairs show it has had the highest rate of deaths.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Beijing government announced that Chinese people should not travel to the United States or buy American-made products.\n\nQ1: Did China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs announce that Chinese people should not travel to the United States or buy American-made products in its daily press briefing on August 13, 2020?\nA1: No, because Transcript of August 13 daily press briefing does not include a request for Chinese people to avoid American products or avoid travelling to the US.\n\nQ2: Did the weekly policy briefing from China’s State Council on August 13, 2020 include a mention of the call for Chinese people to not travel to the United States or buy American-made products?\nA2: No, because China’s State Council weekly policy briefing pages for August 13, 2020 do not mention the US.\n\nQ3: Did the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs announce that Chinese people should not travel to the United States or buy American-made products on its Twitter account on or after August 13, 2020?\nA3: No, because A keywords search set between August 13 and August 18 2020 found no claim on the Ministry’s Twitter account.",
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"content": "justification: No evidence to suggest that the Beijing Government announced these rules and there are no current rules in place regarding this claim. \n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: MS Dhoni has exited the cricket team for refusing to campaign for BJP in Jharkhand election.\n\nQ1: Why did MS Dhoni leave his cricket team?\nA1: \"One of India's greatest Test captains under whose leadership India became the No. 1 team in the test rankings, MS Dhoni, has decided to retire from Test cricket citing the strain of playing all formats of cricket,\" the board said.",
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"content": "justification: It seems from the answer that MS Dhoni left his team because the sport was straining. Therefore, the claim is refuted,\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: warm water is effective in curing joint pain\n\nQ1: What is the cure for joint pain\nA1: There is no cure for osteoarthritis (joint pain)",
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"content": "justification: The answer and credible source show that there is no cure for joint pain so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Walmart stores have stopped accepting cash payments.\n\nQ1: Why did Walmart ask people to pay with cards and not cash?\nA1: Like most retailers, we're experiencing the [effects] of the nationwide coin shortage,\" a Walmart spokesperson told NPR. \n\nIt's coronavirus-related only in that the pandemic has resulted in a surprising shortage of coins in the U.S. money system, which makes it difficult to offer change for cash purchases.\n\nQ2: Will walmart accept cash?\nA2: We're asking customers to pay with card or use correct change when possible if they need to pay with cash. Cash is welcome at all of our stores.\"",
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"content": "justification: The answer and sources show that the store still accepts cash but would prefer exact amount in coins or payment by card so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
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"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: warm water is effective in curing asthma\n\nQ1: Can warm water cure asthma?\nA1: No answer could be found.\n\nQ2: Is there a cure for asthma?\nA2: No, because There is no cure for asthma, but there are effective treatments available. The best way to manage your asthma is to work with an allergist.",
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"content": "justification: The second answer and source show that there is not a cure for asthma so the claim is refuted.\n\nverdict: 'Refuted'",
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[
{
"content": "Your task is to predict the verdict of a claim based on the provided question-answer pair evidence. The possible labels are: 'Supported', 'Refuted', 'Not Enough Evidence', 'Conflicting Evidence/Cherrypicking'. Justify your answer using the provided evidence and select the correct label.\n\nClaim: Cold drinks are the main cause of heart attacks.\n\nQ1: is cold water bad for you?\nA1: No, because Cold water can actually increase metabolism, it isn't bad for you\n\nQ2: Can cold water cause heart attacks\nA2: Yes, because The heart and the esophagus are in close proximity. Ingestion of very cold drinks or desserts can trigger paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and probably other arrhythmias. Patients should be notified as to the importance of avoiding such triggers.",
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"content": "justification: The questions and answers do not look at the part of the claim that says that it is the main cause so there is not enough evidence. I would need to see some evidence of how many heart attacks are caused by cold drinks.\n\nverdict: 'Not Enough Evidence'",
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HerO at AVeriTeC
Summaries
This is the modified instruction-tuning dataset derived from the AVeriTeC dataset, designed for fine-tuning large language models to predict verdicts and justifications in fact-checking tasks within AVeriTeC.
License
This dataset is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, following the original AVeriTeC dataset license."
Citation
@article{yoon2024hero,
title={HerO at AVeriTeC: The Herd of Open Large Language Models for Verifying Real-World Claims},
author={Yoon, Yejun and Jung, Jaeyoon and Yoon, Seunghyun and Park, Kunwoo},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.12377},
year={2024}
}
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