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[ "Clayton-Thomas began his music career in the early '60s, working the clubs on Toronto's Yonge Street, where he discovered his love of singing and playing the blues. Before moving to New York City in 1967, Clayton-Thomas fronted a couple of local bands, first The Shays and then The Bossmen, one of the earliest rock bands with significant jazz influences. But the real success came only a few difficult years later when he joined Blood, Sweat & Tears.", "One particularly intense night at the Café Au Go Go in Greenwich Village, Al Kooper bled all over his organ keyboard. He’d just formed a new band after leaving the Blues Project, and this incident inspired their name. Blood, Sweat and Tears was comprised of Kooper, Blues Project guitarist Steve Katz, and four other Jewish musicians: Bobby Colomby on drums, Randy Brecker and Jerry Weiss on trumpet, and Fred Lipsuis on sax and piano. The bassist and trombonist weren’t MOT, but the band did hire a string ensemble for their first album that was three-quarters Jewish. This album, Child Is Father to the Man, has been called one of the best of the sixties. With horns, Kooper was able to add soul elements to the blues-rock of his previous band, while pushing it in the direction of jazz. Only about a month after the album was released, however, Kooper took a job at Columbia Records. He was replaced by a Canadian singer named David Clayton-Thomas, whose creamy voice can be heard on Blood, Sweat and Tears’ most famous singles: \"You Made Me So Very Happy\" and \"Spinning Wheel.\" Without Kooper, the band lost some of their credibility, a problem that was greatly compounded by subsequent choices to tour on behalf of Nixon’s State Department, play Vegas, and compose music for Barba Streisand. They lasted for quite a while despite demonstrably poor judgment, but Child Is Father to the Man remains their greatest creative endeavor.", "Just as their name is a little bit of everything, Blood, Sweat And Tears have a little of almost every music styling imaginable. The sum up the band in easy terms, they developed \"jazz-rock\", but it was really the inspiration of blues, rock, pop and jazz improvisation merged into a commercial R&B and soul sound, sprinkled with elements of 20th Century Classical and 1920's Big Band. How this all came together as a marketable force is a wonder, but with almost 150 members \"rostered\" over the years, they found a way.", "In the middle of the 60s, Canada and the United States were swept up in Beatlemania. The British Invasion knocked Paul Anka, Elvis, and a host of acts off the charts. In order to combat this, Canadians and Americans joined forces, coming together to create what I’m calling “hybrid bands”. These were bands, some of whose members were Canadian and some American. There were perhaps five very popular ones: The Band , Steppenwolf , The Mamas and the Papas, The Lovin’ Spoonful, and Blood Sweat and Tears. The latter three were predominantly American outfits (only one member in each band was Canadian), so we will just write a few notes on them. The first two were primarily Canadian bands, so we will profile them. Because it released only three albums and was never a big commercial success (though highly regarded by rock critics and an inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame) we will not talk about Buffalo Springfield here, but later on we will mention them in conjunction with Neil Young whom we will profile in great detail. ", "After the Blues Project's demise, Al decided he'd like to form a full tilt band, not just another rock band but one with horns and such so a full musical color range could be realised. Taking Steve Katz with him from the Project, he formed BLOOD SWEAT AND TEARS.", "Clayton-Thomas exited after the fourth album to pursue a solo career. Most of the group's original and second-generation players were gone by then as well, though the playing standard remained consistently high. The lineup became a revolving door -- even Jaco Pastorius passed through their ranks, briefly -- and the group's record sales imploded, squeezed as they were by Chicago on the pop side of jazz-rock, and outfits such as Weather Report and Return to Forever on the more musically ambitious side of the spectrum. Clayton-Thomas returned in 1974, to what was billed officially as \"Blood, Sweat & Tears Featuring David Clayton-Thomas.\" They released New City (1975), which did well enough to justify an ambitious tour that yielded the double-LP Live and Improvised. Columbia Records dropped the group in 1976, and even Bobby Colomby, who had trademarked the group's name, gave up playing with them. Clayton-Thomas has kept the group name alive in the decades since, fronting various lineups.", "Founder, Al Kooper came up with the name when he was on the phone with a promoter, while gazing at a Johnny Cash album cover. The album was called, \"Blood Sweat & Tears\". The inspiration for the band name did not come from Winston Churchill's quote, \"I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat\", as was widely reported when the band first started to gain attention in 1967.", "Al Kooper came up with the name when he was on the phone with a promoter, while gazing at a Johnny Cash album cover. The album was called, \"Blood Sweat & Tears\". The inspiration for the band name did not come from Winston Churchill's quote, \"I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat\", as was widely reported at the time. Their first gig was at the Village Theater (which later became the Fillmore East) as the opening act for the James Cotton Blues band.", "Meanwhile, the personal changes continue: Joe Henderson is replaced by Lou Marini Jr., Dick Halligan calls it a day and Larry Willis takes over as keyboard player. In the summer Blood, Sweat & Tears went in the studio again to record a new album. This time they choose mostly covers, influenced by the sheer lack of time. At the end of August the first new material to be released in 13 months, the single ”So long Dixie” is released. The single reaches #44. The single version of \"So Long Dixie\" differs between the US and Europe, it was backed by \"Alone\" in the US and by \"Krakbegravningen\" (The Crows Funeral) in Europe. \"Krakbegravningen\" had previous been written by Georg Wadenius for a children’s record together with the Swedish writer Barbro Lindgren, but had gone on to win an Emmy award in its own  right.", "In January 1971 they begin recording their next release in San Francisco. They recruited jazz writer/saxman/composer Don Heckman to co-produce. The session drags on, with takes mounting up to the dozens. In a brief break from the recording, Blood, Sweat & Tears becomes one of the first rock bands to play Las Vegas. The successful Caesar’s Palace run (the band broke Frank Sinatra’s 20-year old house-record, but that was not that brilliant for their careers and credibility. They thought that they were paving the way into a new market, and that that would be something good. Instead they did receive a lot of criticism. The group was accused of being hollow and pretentious, swapping its original rock audience for older, cabaret-oriented listeners. They were called a lounge act and that they had sold their soul for the money. When you look at it now a hug number of bands have been lounge acts and sold their souls in Las Vegas. B,S&T 4 is released in the end of June and it’s the first album with mostly original tunes. It turns gold in a month. This time even the rock critics are impressed. Two singles are released from the album, ”Go Down Gamblin’” and ”Lisa, listen to Me”.", "1942 ● Jerry Fisher → Vocals for jazz-rock/pop-rock fusion band Blood, Sweat & Tears , “Spinning Wheel” (#2, 1969)", "* Blood, Sweat & Tears, whose version entitled \"Symphony for the Devil\" appeared on their third album (1970)", "Blood, Sweat & Tears’ self-titled album gets a hard-fought win against legendary competition: “Crosby, Stills & Nash,” “Johnny Cash at San Quentin,” the 5th Dimension’s “The Age of Aquarius” and the Beatles’ “Abbey Road.” Tammy Wynette’s soon-to-be country anthem “Stand by Your Man” wins for female country vocal performance. Held at the Century Plaza.", "1968: Blood, Sweat & Tears self-titled 2nd album is released. It topped the Billboard 200 Top LP’s chart for seven weeks throughout 1969, and features three singles that reached various Billboard charts – ‘And When I Die’ (Hot 100 #2, Adult Contemporary #4), ‘Spinning Wheel’ (Hot 100 #2, Adult Contemporary #1, R&B Singles #45), and ‘You’ve Made Me So Very Happy’ (Hot 100 #2, R&B Singles #46). It won a Grammy Award for Album of the Year.", "Cream were a 1960s British rock supergroup power trio consisting of bassist/singer Jack Bruce, drummer Ginger Baker, and guitarist/singer Eric Clapton. Their sound was characterised by a hybrid of blues rock, hard rock and psychedelic rock, combining the psychedelia-themed lyrics, Eric Clapton's blues guitar playing and vocals, Jack Bruce's voice and prominent bass playing and Ginger Baker's jazz-influenced drumming. The group's third album, Wheels of Fire, was the world's first platinum-selling double album. Cream are widely regarded as being the world's first successful supergroup. In their career, they sold over 15 million albums worldwide. Cream's music included songs based on traditional blues such as \"Crossroads\" and \"Spoonful\", and modern blues such as \"Born Under a Bad Sign\", as well as more eccentric songs such as \"Strange Brew\", \"Tales of Brave Ulysses\" and \"Toad\".", "In the 1960s Liverpool was the centre of the \"Merseybeat\" sound, which became synonymous with The Beatles and fellow Liverpudlian rock bands. Influenced by American rhythm and blues and rock music, they also strongly affected American music for years and were internationally popular.", "Creedence Clearwater Revival was an American rock band that gained popularity in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The band consisted of lead vocalist, lead guitarist, and primary songwriter John Fogerty, his brother and rhythm guitarist Tom Fogerty, bassist Stu Cook, and drummer Doug Clifford. Their", "The Byrds - was a popular American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1964. Their trademark songs include pop covers of Bob Dylan's \"Mr. Tambourine Man\" and Pete Seeger’s \"Turn! Turn! Turn!\", as well as the originals \"I’ll Feel a Whole Lot Better\", and \"Eight Miles High\". The Byrds were popular and influential during the late 1960s and early 1970s. The band melded the British Invasion sound with elements of contemporary folk and pop music. They also helped forge such subgenres as folk rock, space rock, raga rock, psychedelic rock, jangle pop, and –- on their 1968 album Sweetheart of the Rodeo, which featured Gram Parsons, –- country rock. After several line-up changes (with lead singer/guitarist Roger McGuinn as the only consistent member), they broke up in 1973. In 1991 they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and several band members have launched successful solo careers after leaving the group. In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked them #45 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. ' Artist Discography '", "Under the management of Andrew King and Peter Jenner (the original managers of Pink Floyd) Ian Dury and the Blockheads quickly gained a reputation as one of the top live new wave music acts. Their first single \"Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll\" marked Dury's Stiff debut and although it was banned by the BBC it was named Single of the Week by NME on its release. It was soon followed by the album New Boots and Panties!!, which was eventually to achieve platinum status. (Although it has been claimed that Dury coined the phrase \"Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll\", there is evidence that it was already in common use and a very similar phrase had been used by Australian band Daddy Cool for the title of their 1972 second album Sex, Dope & Rock'n'Roll: Teenage Heaven. ) The tune is based on part of Charlie Haden's bass solo on \"Ramblin'\" on Ornette Coleman's 1959 album Change of the Century.", "The Beatles, also known as the White Album, is the ninth studio album by English rock group the Beatles, released on 22 November 1968. A double album, its plain white sleeve has no graphics or text other than the band's name embossed, and was intended as a direct contrast to the vivid cover artwork of the band's earlier Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. Although no singles were issued from The Beatles in Britain and the United States, the songs \"Hey Jude\" and \"Revolution\" originated from the same recording sessions and were issued on a single in August 1968. The album's songs range in style from British blues and ska to tracks influenced by Chuck Berry and by Karlheinz Stockhausen.", "        British Beat: The Beatles in the 1960s mixed rhythm and blues, rock and roll, and soul music. The new style was ‘beat’ music. Groups used drums, bass and two guitars with vocal lead and harmony.", "During its brief existence U.S. rock group Buffalo Springfield was made up of some of rock and roll’s greatest performers. Original members were vocalist-guitarist Neil Young (born Nov. 12, 1945, in Toronto, Ont.), vocalist-guitarist Stephen Stills (born Jan. 3, 1945, in Dallas, Tex.), vocalist-guitarist Richie Furay (born May 9, 1944, in Dayton, Ohio), vocalist-drummer Dewey Martin (b. Sept. 30, 1942, Chesterville, Ont.-d. Jan. 31, 2009, Van Nuys, Calif.) and bass player Bruce Palmer (b. 1946, Liverpool, Nova Scotia, Canada-d. Oct. 1, 2004, Belleville, Ontario). Their style was a forerunner of country rock, and Buffalo Springfield provided personnel for such later groups as Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young; Poco; and Loggins and Messina; as well as spawning the careers of the individual band members as solo artists.", "There was clearly something in the air in the mid 60s regarding the mixing of  genres; The Animals had gotten a No. 1 hit with \"The House Of  The Rising Sun\" on August 15,  1964, and even though the song had been on a Dylan album, it was a public domain Blues. Blues had long been a staple of rock music.", "The Searchers  is another Liverpool band that had numerous hits in the U.K., though they were less successful in the U.S.; their biggest hit songs here were remakes of \" Love Potion No. 9 \" and \" Needles and Pins \".   The Swinging Blue Jeans  barely missed the U.S.  Top 20  with their cover of \" Hippy Hippy Shake \", which was also recorded by  the Beatles .  Others include  the Cryin' Shames  (not to be confused with  the Cryan' Shames , an American band from the same time period),  the Merseybeats ,  the Hideaways ,  the Koobas  (also known as  the Kubas ), and one of the first all-female rock bands,  the Liverbirds . ", "The Steve Miller Band is an American rock band formed in 1966 in San Francisco, California. The band is led by Steve Miller on guitar and lead vocals. It is best known today for a string of (mainly) mid-1970s hit singles that are staples of classic rock radio, as well as several earlier acid rock albums. Miller left his first band to move to San Francisco and form the Steve Miller Blues Band. Shortly after Harvey Kornspan negotiated the band’s landmark contract with Capitol/EMI Records in 1967, the band shortened its name to the Steve Miller Band. In February 1968, the band recorded its debut album, Children of the Future. It went on to produce the albums Sailor, Brave New World, Your Saving Grace, Number 5, Rock Love and more. The band's Greatest Hits 1974–78, released in 1978, sold over 13 million copies. The band continued to produce more albums and in 2014 toured with the rock band Journey. In 2016, Steve Miller was inducted as a solo artist in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "In 1990 the band won two Brit Awards: Best British Group, and Best British Album (for The Raw & the Cooked...). Their name came from the 1960 film All the Fine Young Cannibals starring Robert Wagner and Natalie Wood.", "The Turbulent 60s as Reflected in the Song \"Get Together\" by the Youngbloods - by Paul Kuehn", "The band had hits in the 1960s including \"Break on Through,\" \"L.A. Woman\" and \"Riders on the Storm.\"", "Wayne Fontana founded the band with Bob Lang, Ric Rothwell, and Eric Stewart in 1963. They released a few unsuccessful singles before recording \"Um Um Um Um Um Um\" in 1964, which was a major hit in Britain and led to a tour with Brenda Lee. They also had a number one hit in the United States with \"The Game of Love.\"", "The release of Let It Bleed (UK number 1; US 3) came in December. Their last album of the sixties, Let It Bleed featured \"Gimme Shelter\".", "                   Billy J. Kramer and Cilla Black. The band had several hit singles in the early sixties, ", "August 5, 1966 - The album, \"Revolver,\" is released in the U.K. and hits number one there and in the U.S." ]

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[ "A line from the song “I Feel Pretty” from the musical West Side Story. Sample lyrics: “I feel pretty/Oh so pretty/I feel pretty and witty and bright/And I pity/Any girl who isn’t me tonight.”", "\"I Feel Pretty\" features one of Bernstein 's more memorable melodies: its first four notes, deliciously rhythmic in their rising contour, repeat, then are reduced to three, then to two. This forms the core of the theme and the rest is brilliantly imagined as well. Bernstein 's instrumentation colors the music with a Latin character (note the recurring rhythmic motif for brass) and so does the girls' chorus that enters midway through. Stephen Sondheim 's lyrics deftly capture Maria's bliss and newfound sense of confidence, while expressing the sass and sarcasm of her coworkers (\"Have you met my good friend Maria, the craziest girl on the block?\"). All in all, this song must be counted among the plentiful gems from West Side Story.", "Notable for some of the most famous songs in musical theater, such as \"Tonight,\" \"America\" and \"I Feel Pretty\", with music by Leonard Bernstein and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim . The movie adaptation, directed by Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins and starring Natalie Wood as Maria, won a whopping 10 Academy Awards , including Best Picture.", "<table class=\"songlyrics\" style=\"width: 100%; table-layout: fixed;\"><col width=\"40\" /><col /><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\">Julie Andrews - Don't Go into the Lions Cage Tonight / Broadway's Fair Album Lyrics</th></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">1.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/julie-andrews/i-feel-pretty-from-west-side-story-lyrics/\" title=\"I Feel Pretty (From West Side Story) Lyrics Julie Andrews\">I Feel Pretty (From West Side Story)</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">2.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/julie-andrews/alexander-s-ragtime-band-lyrics/\" title=\"Alexander's Ragtime Band Lyrics Julie Andrews\">Alexander's Ragtime Band</a></td></tr><tr><td class=\"sl-td-left\">3.</td><td class=\"sl-td-right\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/julie-andrews/by-the-light-of-the-silvery-moon-lyrics/\" title=\"By the Light of the Silvery Moon Lyrics Julie Andrews\">By the Light of the Silvery Moon</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p class=\"sl-credit\"><a href=\"http://www.songlyrics.com/julie-andrews-lyrics/\" title=\"Julie Andrews Lyrics\">Julie Andrews Lyrics</a> provided by <a href=\"/\" title=\"Lyrics\">SongLyrics.com</a></p>", "Pragmatic Adaptation : The Movie is a very intact adaptation of the stage show, but song placement is shuffled around, to excellent effect. \"Gee, Officer Krupke\" and \"I Feel Pretty\" were both moved to Act I, which is lighter and more fun in tone. \"Cool,\" an edgy and angry song, was moved into the similarly tense and dark Act II, averting the show's Mood Whiplash .", "Song from the hit musical \"My Fair Lady\". He made No 1 in the records chart, no one else even made the Top 10.", "The \"Broadway musical,\" integrating story, dance, and song, achieved supreme popularity and influence in the mid-twentieth-century collaborations of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein, including Oklahoma! (1943), Carousel (1945), and South Pacific (1949). These works helped to inspire a golden age of musicals by the likes of Irving Berlin (Annie Get Your Gun, 1946), Frank Loesser (Guys and Dolls, 1950), Frederick Loewe (My Fair Lady, 1956), Leonard Bernstein (West Side Story, 1957), and Jule Style (Gypsy, 1959). Stephen Sondheim, lyricist for the last two shows, went on to a successful composing career of his own in increasingly ambitious works like A Little Night Music (1973) and Sweeney Todd (1979). By the end of the century, rising production costs, demand for theatrical spectacle, and the narrowing of the popular musical mainstream led to renewed foreign domination of Broadway (e.g., Cats, The Phantom of the Opera, Les Misérables), although native composers enjoyed striking successes with A Chorus Line (Marvin Hamlisch, 1975), Dreamgirls (Henry Krieger, 1981), and Rent (Jonathan Larson, 1996).", "Professor Henry Higgins makes a wager that he can raise a lowly Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, to the status of a high-society debutante in Lerner and Loewe's hit musical, My Fair Lady. Based on Bernard Shaw's play Pygmalion, My Fair Lady plays as powerfully for modern-day audiences as it did in 1912. Eliza's transformation illuminates society's prejudices, the gender divide, and personal identity. With classic musical numbers such as Wouldn't It Be Loverly?, The Rain In Spain, and I Could Have Danced All Night. Lerner and Loewe's creation is as much a classic play as a classic musical.", "Rodgers and Hammerstein’s “Cinderella” MARCH 29–APRIL 3 This Tony Award-winning 2013 musical delights audiences with its contemporary take on the classic tale. Be transported back to your childhood as you rediscover songs originally written for the beloved TV version, including “In My Own Little Corner,” “Impossible/It’s Possible” and “Ten Minutes Ago.” It’s a show for anyone who’s ever had a wish, a dream... or a really great pair of shoes!", "“Who wants to hear a normal person sing?” asks Jessie Mueller as Carole King in the new musical based on the performer-songwriter’s life and works. The answer is every lonely girl dreaming in her bedroom, every woman looking to fulfill herself, or anyone who longs to hear their own fantasies in the form of melody and words. That was the appeal of King, who emerged as the voice of a questing generation with her album Tapestry. The musical captures a pinch of that sweet, smooth, painfully real sound and the churning emotions it evoked, but, in the end it’s too much like a dozen other jukebox shows. Like Motown, Jersey Boys, A Night with Janis Joplin, and Baby, It’s You, Beautiful is ultimately another “And-then-I-wrote” attraction.", "A cast of Broadway’s brightest led by Kate Baldwin, who “casts a warm glow whenever she sings” (The New York Daily News) and Paolo Montalban, who “rules the stage with flawless timing and a perfect sense of entitlement” (The Washington Post) will illuminate the Lyric stage and delight with one familiar song after another, including “Shall We Dance?,” “Something Wonderful,” “Getting to Know You,” “I Whistle a Happy Tune,” and more. Don’t miss the limited engagement of this hit Broadway musical!", "This is an amazing production of the 1st ever real musical, the cast are amazing and seemed to be thoroughly enjoying them selves which rubbed of onto the audience. With out giving away any spoilers, I would advice theatre goers to sit in the stalls for this show. The understudy, Christina Bennington, was playing the lead role of Magnolia and she had the most beautiful voice I have ever heard. Would advise anyone who loves musical theatre to go and see \"Show Boat\" before it ends in August.", "The score of \"Carousel\" is probably one the greatest ever composed for the musical theatre. \"If I Loved You\" is sung by the couple in a lovers' lane setting where their attitudes and emotions are conveyed by Rodgers' bittersweet melody and Hammerstein's wonderful lyrics. \"June is Bustin' Out All Over\" is danced and sung by the ensemble of youthful denizens of the Maine town where the story is set. The choreography is delightful, somewhat reminiscent of the athletic-balletic dancing in \"7 Brides for 7 Brothers\". Gordon Macrae's moving performance of \"Soliloquy\" along the rocky seashore with its crashing waves is nothing short of perfection. Frank Sinatra was originally to have the role, but to be frank, he looked a little silly in the costume worn by the character as seen in a still photograph shown in a documentary about Rodgers and Hammerstein.", "^ The compilation entitled What a Feeling II – The Rock'n'Pop Musicals in Concert is the original soundtrack from the musical of the same name, starring Limahl, Melanie Marcus, Gwen Dickey (formerly of the Rose Royce), Dylan Turner , and the 4 the Boys. The front cover of the soundtrack album describes the records as 'the original cast recording of the new show featuring hit songs from the hit movies and musicals'. The track listing totally includes 20 tracks, 4 of which are solo performances by Limahl, 2 are duets by Limahl and Melanie Marcus, 2 are sung by Limahl, Melanie Marcus, Gwen Dickey and Dylan Turner . As for the rest, 5 tracks are performed by Gwen Dickey, 3 are by Melanie Marcus, 1 is by 4 the Boys, 1 is by Dylan Turner , and, finally, 2 are generically credited to 'Cast', but not featuring Limahl. The soundtrack, recorded at the Oxford Apollo Theatre, in October 2000, and produced and mixed by Stuart Epps , at the Snake Ranch Studios, in London, was released in the UK on Demon Music Group Ltd./Flying Music labels.", "THE SOUND OF MUSIC opened at Broadway's Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 16, 1959, and Rodgers & Hammerstein’s last musical was a triumph. It ran for 1,443 performances and earned seven Tony Awards, including Best Musical. In addition, the cast album earned a Gold Record and the Grammy Award. Florence Henderson starred in the first national tour, which played for over two years, and Jean Bayless created the role of Maria in the original London production, which ran for over six years — still the record-holder as the longest running American musical in London.", "Musical Numbers: “Love Me Just Because,” “Don’t Be Cross With Me,” “I’m in Love With All the Girls I Know,” “None But the Brave Deserve the Fair,” “The Land of the Sky,” “Adios, Senorita,” “Don’t Be Anybody’s Moon But Mine,” “Cinderella,” “Dream Minuet,” “Don’t Teach Me to Swim Alone,” “If They’d Only Let Poor Adam’s Rib Alone,” “The Orange Fete,” “When You First Kiss the Last Girl You Love.”", "Real life seems to have followed art on this occasion, and \"The Producers\" has proved so successful in this theatrical format that it is now opening in other parts of the world. A CD has been released with the original broadway cast starring Nathan Lane as Max Bialystock and Matthew Broderick as Leo Bloom, and there is also a \"making of\" DVD showing the recording sessions. You should not expect the music to be particularly original, but the songs are very funny and the show a lot of fun. The music owes a lot to the style of the great Rogers and Hammerstein musicals, with hints of traditional German bands and the Jewish bits suggesting Fiddler on the Roof. Mel Brooks wrote the songs \"Springtime for Hitler\" and \"Prisoners of Love\" for the original film version which was ably scored by John Morris, who worked with Brooks on most of his films. More than 30 years later, Brooks has written additional songs for this musical version, which owes much of its impact to the arranging talents of Glen Kelly. The resulting musical is very satisfying as a feel-good show, with the expected song and dance routines, a touch of romance, lots of situational humour and some wonderful characterisation.", "The original Broadway cast recording features most of the musical material in the show on a double-disc \"complete recording\" collection with a remixed version of the song \"Seasons of Love\" featuring Stevie Wonder. The label later issued a single-disc \"best of\" highlights. ", "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, also known as Chitty the Musical, is a stage musical based on the 1968 film produced by Albert R. Broccoli. The music and lyrics were written by Richard and Robert Sherman with book by Jeremy Sams.", "Disney's first Broadway musical was Beauty and the Beast, based on its film version of Beauty and the Beast (1991).", "The Sound of Music, with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, and a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse, opened on Broadway at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 16, 1959, and starred Mary Martin as Maria and Theodore Bikel as Captain von Trapp.", "In 1958, Rodgers and Hammerstein created a musical based upon an oriental story called \"Flower Drum Song\", which had a lively overture and several numbers that were recorded by several artists, including \"I Enjoy Being A Girl\", \"Love Look Away\" and \"You Are Beautiful.\"", "George Bernard Shaw ; and My fair lady, a musical play in two acts based on Shaw's Pygmalion. Adaptation and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner, music by Frederick Loewe.", "The seven-month-long 1990 American tour acknowledged the ending of the Cold War. The tour starred Carolee Carmello, John Herrera, and Stephen Bogardus and was staged by Des McAnuff. Playwright Robert Coe worked with McAnuff on revising the show, mostly using the Nelson script and restoring most of the original song order from the British version of the musical and deleting the new songs written for the American version. A UK tour starring Rebecca Storm and mostly based on the London production, was a bigger success.", "The original production of Beautiful received its world premiere at the Curran Theatre, San Francisco in October 2013, with direction by Marc Bruni and choreography by Josh Prince, and starring Jessie Mueller and Jake Epstein as Carole King and Gerry Goffin, respectively. It made its Broadway debut at the Stephen Sondheim Theatre in January 2014. A West End production starring Katie Brayben as Carole began in February 2015. A U.S. Tour launched in September 2015.", "Original Song & Artist: My Favourite Things from the musical The Sound Of Music (Julie Andrews)", "h-hit h hit musical, i l tells t ll th the remarkable k bl rise i tto stardom t d c history. Winner of 21 major awards worldwidee EST NEW MUSICAL!", "\"I Want the Good Times Back\" from the Broadway adaptation is both an \"I Want\" Song and a Villain Song . Ditto its post-Broadway replacement, \"Daddy's Little Angel\".", "* \"Money\", a song from the film, was mashed up with \"Sitting Pretty\" in the 1987 revival, and replaced \"Sitting Pretty\" in the 1998 and 2014 revivals.", "After closing at the Ziegfeld Theatre in 1929, the original production toured extensively. The national company is notable for including Irene Dunne as Magnolia. Hattie McDaniel played Queenie in a 1933 West Coast production, joined by tenor Allan Jones as Ravenal. ", "After closing at the Ziegfeld Theatre in 1929, the original production toured extensively. The national company is notable for including Irene Dunne as Magnolia. Hattie McDaniel played Queenie in a 1933 West Coast production, joined by tenor Allan Jones as Ravenal.", "Music by Richard Rodgers, book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, based on \"Liliom\" by Ferenc Molnar , adapted by Benjamin F. Glazer." ]

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[ "1957: Boeing’s firstjetliner, the 707, makes its firstflight, entering service the following year. The company subsequently develops a series of jetliners that are enormously popular worldwide.", "Developed as Boeing's first jet airliner, the 707 is a swept-wing design with podded engines. Although it was not the first jetliner in service, the 707 was the first to be commercially successful. Dominating passenger air transport in the 1960s and remaining common through the 1970s, the 707 is generally credited with ushering in the Jet Age. It established Boeing as one of the largest manufacturers of passenger aircraft, and led to the later series of airliners with \"7x7\" designations. The later 720, 727, 737, and 757 share elements of the 707's fuselage design.", "    The prototype jet airliner, built as a private venture by Boeing at a cost of more than $16,000,000, amassed more than 1000 hours in its four years of flight testing, while the first three of the production airplanes used for Civil Aeronautics Administration certification testing raised the overall total to more than 1650 hours. In addition, the new jet transports benefited by the thousands of hours of flight time logged by their military counterpart, the Boeing KC-135 jet multipurpose tanker-transports which went into service in 1957.", "After the war, Messerschmidt's jet engine was studied with renewed interest, and turned to peaceful applications, with the first jet passenger aircraft entering service in the early 1950s. However it was only with the introduction of the Boeing 707 jet liner in 1958, that jet passenger aircraft finally assumed the direction by which it is known today. The 707 changed passenger flight overnight: the flying time from New York City to London, England, dropped to less than eight hours, halving the time taken by propeller driven aircraft.", "In December 1960, Boeing announced the model 727 jetliner, which went into commercial service about three years later. Different passenger, freight and convertible freighter variants were developed for the 727. The 727 was the first commercial jetliner to reach 1,000 sales, and a few years later the 1,500 mark was reached.", "In 1958, Boeing began delivery of its 707, the United States' first commercial jet airliner , in response to the British De Havilland Comet , French Sud Aviation Caravelle and Soviet Tupolev Tu-104 , which were the world's first generation of commercial jet aircraft. With the 707, a four-engine, 156-passenger airliner, the U.S. became a leader in commercial jet manufacture. A few years later, Boeing added a second version of this aircraft, the Boeing 720 , which was slightly faster and had a shorter range.", "A new generation of jet airliners arrived in 1963 using the fuel-saving technology of the turbofan engine; again Boeing led the way with the Boeing 727, the most successful series of passenger jetliners of the past fifty years. The 707/727 not only has outsold any other single model, but also has been adapted into the most number of models (more than a thousand) and applications of any commercial jet in history. Not being able to compete with Boeing and Douglas in the long- haul market, other builders in the 1950s looked to create better airplanes for the short-haul carriers.", "Pratt & Whitney was, however, slow in making the conversion to jets in its civilian business. One problem was that some of its customers were uncomfortable dealing with a company that was tied to a competing airframe maker, namely Chance-Vought. So in 1954 Vought was spun off (and later became part of LTV). Pratt & Whitney shot ahead when the J-57 engine it originally built for the military was enthusiastically accepted by the aircraft makers and the airlines that were entering the age of civilian jet travel. In 1958 United branched into avionics with the purchase of Norden-Ketay Corp., producer of sophisticated components for most of the Pentagon's missiles.", "In 1967, Boeing introduced another short- and medium-range airliner, the twin-engine 737. It has become since then the best-selling commercial jet aircraft in aviation history. The 737 is still being produced, and continuous improvements are made. Several versions have been developed, mainly to increase seating capacity and range.", "In 1967, Boeing introduced another short- and medium-range airliner, the twin-engine 737 . It has become since then the best-selling commercial jet aircraft in aviation history. Several versions have been developed, mainly to increase seating capacity and range. The 737 remains in production as of 2016.", "The Boeing 747 is an American wide-body commercial jet airliner and cargo aircraft, often referred to by its original nickname, Jumbo Jet, or Queen of the Skies. Its distinctive \"hump\" upper deck along the forward part of the aircraft makes it among the world's most recognizable aircraft, and it was the first wide-body produced. Manufactured by Boeing's Commercial Airplane unit in the United States, the original version of the 747 had two and a half times greater capacity than the Boeing 707, one of the common large commercial aircraft of the 1960s. First flown commercially in 1970, the 747 held the passenger capacity record for 37 years. ", "After World War II, commercial aviation grew rapidly, used mostly ex-military aircraft to transport people and cargo. This growth was accelerated by the glut of heavy and super-heavy bomber airframes like the B-29 and Lancaster that could be converted into commercial aircraft. The DC-3 also made for easier and longer commercial flights. The first commercial jet airliner to fly was the British De Havilland Comet . By 1952, the British state airline BOAC had introduced the De Havilland Comet into scheduled service. While a technical achievement, the plane suffered a series of highly public failures, as the shape of the windows led to cracks due to metal fatigue. The fatigue was caused by cycles of pressurization and depressurization of the cabin, and eventually led to catastrophic failure of the plane's fuselage. By the time the problems were overcome, other jet airliner designs had already taken to the skies.", "Boeing's 367-80 is the first of all Boeing jetliners. It is not a 707. It is a jet-powered development of the model 367 Stratofreighter (C-97). It carries construction number 17158. It has always been registered as N70700. It first flew on July 15, 1954. After serving as a testbed for a multitude of projects, it was retired to the Military Aircraft Storage and Disposition Center (MASDC) at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona in 1969.", "During and after World War II, Boeing was known for its military aircraft. The company had produced innovative and important bombers, from the B-17 Flying Fortress and B-29 Superfortress, to the jet-powered B-47 Stratojet and B-52 Stratofortress. The company's civil aviation department lagged far behind Douglas and other competitors, the only noteworthy airliners being the Boeing 314 Clipper and 307 Stratoliner. During 1949–1950, Boeing embarked on studies for a new jet transport, realizing that any design must be aimed at both the military and civilian markets. At the time, aerial refueling was becoming a standard technique for military aircraft, with over 800 KC-97 Stratofreighters on order. With the advent of the Jet Age, a new tanker was required to meet the USAF's fleet of jet-powered bombers; this was where Boeing's new design would potentially win military orders. ", "In April 1994, Boeing introduced the most modern commercial jet aircraft at the time, the twin-engine 777 , with a seating capacity of approximately 300 to 370 passengers in a typical three-class layout, in between the 767 and the 747. The longest range twin-engined aircraft in the world, the 777 was the first Boeing airliner to feature a \" fly-by-wire \" system and was conceived partly in response to the inroads being made by the European Airbus into Boeing's traditional market. This aircraft reached an important milestone by being the first airliner to be designed entirely by using computer-aided design (CAD) techniques. [32] The 777 was also the first airplane to be certified for 180 minute ETOPS at entry into service by the FAA . [33] Also in the mid-1990s, the company developed the revamped version of the 737, known as the 737 \"Next-Generation\" , or 737NG. It has since become the fastest-selling version of the 737 in history, and on April 20, 2006 sales passed those of the \"Classic 737\" , with a follow-up order for 79 aircraft from Southwest Airlines .", "The 1945 invention of nuclear bombs briefly increased the strategic importance of military aircraft in the Cold War between East and West. Even a moderate fleet of long-range bombers could deliver a deadly blow to the enemy, so great efforts were made to develop countermeasures. At first, the supersonic interceptor aircraft were produced in considerable numbers. By 1955 most development efforts shifted to guided surface-to-air missiles . However, the approach diametrically changed when a new type of nuclear-carrying platform appeared that could not be stopped in any feasible way: intercontinental ballistic missiles . The possibility of these was demonstrated in 1957 with the launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union . This action started the Space Race between the nations.", "This photo shows Boeing's Dash 80 when it was rolled out May 14, 1954. The prototype jet transport plane was a $16 million gamble for Boeing, but it paid off, and became the 707. Image number ... more", "On July 10, 1935 Bell Aircraft Corp. (later Bell Aerospace) in Buffalo, N.Y. is founded by Mentone, Ind.-born Lawrence Dale \"Larry\" Bell (1894-1956) , manufacturing the \"Bomber Destroyer\" YFM-1 Airacuda twin-engine fighter (first flight Sept. 1, 1937), the P-59 Airacomet (first flight Oct. 1,1942) (first U.S. jet fighter), and the P-63 Kingcroba (first flight Dec. 7, 1942), successor to the P-39; in 1941 they hire Paris, France-born helicopter designer Arthur Middleton Young (1905-95) , who designs the Bell Model 30 (first flight June 26, 1943), and the Bell Model 47 (first flight Dec. 8, 1945), the first civilian helicopter; in 1960 it is acquired by Textron, with the Bell Helicopter Co. of Ft. Worth, Tex. manufacturing the Bell UH-1 \"Huey\" (originally HU-1) military helicopter (first flight Oct. 20, 1956), which is adopted by the U.S. Army during the Vietnam War (16K built); Young later goes philosopher, founding the Inst. for the Study of Consciousness in Berkeley, Calif. in 1972.", "Some firsts. Boeings’ first turbine engine transport in service were two Air Force YC-97Js turboprop test aircraft flown in 1956 to gain operating experience. During July 1955 the first turbine engine airliner in U.S. service, a Vickers Viscount turboprop, carried passengers for Capital Airlines. On September 27, 1958, a Fairchild Friendship twin turboprop airliner (Dutch designed, U.S. built with British engines) flew revenue service for West Coast Airlines in California. Douglas flew its DC-8 on May 30, 1958; it entered service less than a year after the 707 on September 18, 1959. The first supersonic airliner was a Douglas DC-8-43 that dived past Mach one (a figure representing a very high rate of speed) during a test on August 21, 1961.", "1959: American Airlines opened the jet age in the U.S. with the first scheduled transcontinental flight of a Boeing 707 ( read more ). ", "The Lockheed L-1011 TriStar was the third widebody passenger jet airliner to reach the marketplace, following the Boeing 747 \"jumbo jet\" and the Douglas DC-10. In the 1960s, American Airlines approached Lockheed and competitor Douglas with a need for an aircraft smaller than the existing 747, but still capable of flying to distant locales such as London, the Caribbean, and Latin America from company hubs in Dallas/Ft Worth and New York. Lockheed answered the call with the TriStar. Ironically, American Airlines never flew the \"Ten Eleven,\" purchasing many DC-10s instead.", "In the spring of 1953 Bill Allen persuaded the secretary of the U.S. Air Force, Harold Talbot, to allow Boeing the use of the government-owned B-52 construction facilities for the development of a new civilian/military jet. Boeing invested $16 million in the project, which was intended to put the company ahead of the Douglas Aircraft Company. Douglas had dominated the commercial airplane market for years with its popular propeller-driven DC series.", "The Airbus A380 is a double-deck, wide-body, four-engine jet airliner manufactured by European Union manufacturer Airbus. It is the world's largest passenger airliner, and the airports at which it operates have upgraded facilities to accommodate it. It was initially named Airbus A3XX and designed to challenge Boeing's monopoly in the large-aircraft market. The A380 made its first flight on 27 April 2005 and entered commercial service in 25 October 2007 with Singapore Airlines.", "DC-3, also called Douglas DC-3, Skytrain, C-47 (U.S. Army), R4D (U.S. Navy), or Dakota (Royal Air Force), transport aircraft, the world’s first successful commercial airliner, readily adapted to military use during World War II . The DC-3, first flown in 1935, was a low-wing twin-engine monoplane that in various conformations could seat 21 or 28 passengers or carry 6,000 pounds (2,725 kg) of cargo. It was over 64 feet (19.5 metres) long, with a wingspan of 95 feet (29 metres). It was manufactured by the Douglas Aircraft Company, Inc.", "1959: American Airlines becomes the first airline to offer transcontinental jet service, with the Boeing 747.", "In 1935 Tomlinson and Northrop Gamma (turbo-supercharged) began High Altitude research, and the last of 14 TWA Northrop Alphas were phased out. On November 16, 1936, Richter headed the airline's Boeing 307 talks; on January 29, 1937, TWA contracted with Boeing for five Boeing 307 \"Stratoliners,\" the first commercial plane with a pressurized cabin. The first TWA Stratoliner was delivered on May 6, 1940.", "In 1963 Boeing was among a group of plane makers that were competing for a military contract to build a very large transport. One of the main requirements for the military transport design was for a nose loading cargo door with clear access to the main deck. The Boeing design featured a bubble atop the fuselage forward of the wing leading edge.", "    The eighteenth production aircraft, EE227, was converted to take two Rolls-Royce RB 50 Trent turboprops with 7 ft. 11 in. (2.41 m) five-blade Rotol propellers. Its inaugural flight was on September 20, 1945 making it the world�s first turboprop airplane. The landing gear was lengthened to allow for tip clearance for the propellers. Power output was a combination of 750 shaft horsepower (1, 000 kW) and 1,000 lbf (4.44 kN) s.t. With all the modifications, it was the heaviest F.Mk I produced.", "TEX JOHNSTON: Boeing test pilot whose barrel roll over the Gold Cup hydroplane course in Lake Washington in the new Dash-80 ushered in the jet age. The airplane orders came rolling in and travel was changed forever.", "The Douglas DC-3 is an American fixed-wing, propeller -driven aircraft whose speed and range revolutionized air transport in the 1930s and 1940s. Because of its lasting impact on the airline industry and World War II it is generally regarded as one of the most significant transport aircraft ever made. Many DC-3s are still used in all parts of the world.", "1963 – First flight of Boeing 727 jet . 1,832 of the aircraft were built until 1984 when production stopped.", "In the 1950s, affordable commercial aviation expanded as the Jet Age arrived. Governmental entities built urban and suburban airports, funded construction of highways to provide access to the airports, and provided air traffic control services." ]

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[ "James Edmund Caan (born March 26, 1940) is an American actor. After early roles in The Glory Guys (1965) and El Dorado (1966), he came to prominence in the 1970s with significant roles in films such as Brian's Song (1971), The Gambler (1974), Funny Lady (1975) and A Bridge Too Far (1977). For his signature role in The Godfather (1972), that of hot-tempered Sonny Corleone, Caan was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the corresponding Golden Globe.", "Caan appeared back in favor with fans and critics alike and raised his visibility with the sci-fi hit Alien Nation and Dick Tracy , then surprised everyone by playing a meek romance novelist held captive after a car accident by a deranged fan in the dynamic Misery . The 1990s were kind to him and he notched up roles as a band leader in For the Boys , another gangster in Honeymoon in Vegas , appeared in the indie hit Bottle Rocket and pursued Arnold Schwarzenegger in Eraser .", "Born in The Bronx in 1940, James Caan began his acting career in television, his first film role being a villain in Lady in a Cage and won praise for his role in The Rain People, also directed by Francis Ford Coppola .", "Arthur Asher Miller (October 17, 1915 – February 10, 2005)[2][3] was an American playwright, essayist, and prominent figure in twentieth-century American theatre. Among his plays are All My Sons (1947), Death of a Salesman (1949), The Crucible (1953) and A View from the Bridge (1955, revised 1956). He also wrote the screenplay for the film The Misfits (1961).", "American Graffiti is a 1973 period coming of age comedy-drama film directed by George Lucas, and written by Lucas, Gloria Katz and Willard Huyck. The film stars Richard Dreyfuss, Ron Howard, Paul Le Mat, Charles Martin Smith, Cindy Williams, Candy Clark, Mackenzie Phillips and Harrison Ford. Set in 1962 Modesto, California, American Graffiti tells of the exploits and adventures of a group of teenagers during a night of cruising around town and listening to pirate radio personality Wolfman Jack.", "Marlon Brando, Jr. (April 3, 1924 (birth time source: Astrodatabank, birth certificate) � July 1, 2004) was a two-time Academy Award-winning iconic actor whose body of work spanned over half a century. Brando is best known for his roles in A Streetcar Named Desire and On the Waterfront, both directed by Elia Kazan in the early 1950s, and his Academy-Award winning performance as Vito Corleone in The Godfather and as Colonel Walter E. Kurtz in Apocalypse Now, the latter two directed by Francis Ford Coppola in the 1970s. His acting style, combined with his public persona as an outsider uninterested in the Hollywood of the early 1950s, had a profound effect on a generation of actors including Jack Nicholson, Robert De Niro, Paul Newman, Al Pacino, Robert Duvall, James Dean, Dustin Hoffman, Rus...", "One of Hollywood's preeminent male stars of all time (eclipsed, perhaps, only by \"King\" Clark Gable and arguably by Gary Cooper or Spencer Tracy ), and the cinema's quintessential \"tough guy\", James Cagney was also an accomplished--if rather stiff--hoofer and easily played light comedy. James Francis Cagney was born on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City, to Carolyn (Nelson) and James Francis Cagney, Sr., who was a bartender and amateur boxer. Cagney was of Norwegian (from his maternal grandfather) and Irish descent. Ending three decades on the screen, he retired to his farm in Stanfordville, New York (some 77 miles/124 km. north of his New York City birthplace), after starring in Billy Wilder 's One, Two, Three . He emerged from retirement to star in the 1981 screen adaptation of E.L. Doctorow 's novel \"Ragtime\" ( Ragtime ), in which he was reunited with his frequent co-star of the 1930s, Pat O'Brien , and which was his last theatrical film and O'Brien's as well). Cagney's final performance came in the title role of the made-for-TV movie Terrible Joe Moran , in which he played opposite Art Carney .", "A somewhat fictionalized rags-to-riches, All-American biography and grand musical - one of Hollywood's greatest musicals, and the highest-grossing film of the year. Notable for having its energetic tough-guy star, James Cagney, honored as the first Academy Award Oscar for Best Actor for a performance in a musical. Cagney reprised the role of George M. Cohan in The Seven Little Foys (1955). This film, mostly told in flashback, was about the legendary life of Cohan, the early 20th century vaudevillian song and dance (hoofer) man, prodigious Broadway playwright and songwriter (with at least three dozen-produced Broadway musical shows and more than 300 songs). Born on the 4th of July, immensely patriotic Cohan (James Cagney) related his life story in flashback to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Captain Jack Young, only viewed from the back). He was a member of a vaudevillian family including his father Jerry (Walter Huston), mother Nellie (Rosemary DeCamp), and sister Josie (Jeanne Cagney). Through sheer determination and talent, he became the most famous performer, songwriter and screen writer (aka \"the man who owned Broadway\"). With fancy footwork and memorable flag-waving tunes (such as \"Over There,\" You're a Grand Old Flag,\" and \"Yankee Doodle Dandy\"), this was a film that helped to build World War II morale on the homefront.", "The Empire Strikes Back (also known as Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back) is a 1980 American epic space opera film directed by Irvin Kershner. Leigh Brackett and Lawrence Kasdan wrote the screenplay, with George Lucas writing the film's story and serving as executive producer. The second installment in the original Star Wars trilogy, it was produced by Gary Kurtz for Lucasfilm Ltd. and stars Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Billy Dee Williams, Anthony Daniels, David Prowse, Kenny Baker, Peter Mayhew and Frank Oz.", "Patrick Joseph McGoohan (19 March 1928 – 13 January 2009) was an American-born Irish actor, writer and director who was brought up in Ireland and Britain, where he established an extensive stage and film career. His highest-profile roles were in the 1960s television series Danger Man (US: Secret Agent), and The Prisoner, which he co-created. Later in his career, he moved back to the United States and subsequently appeared as murderers in four Columbo episodes, winning two Emmy Awards, the only guest star so honored. In cinema, he had prominent roles in The Three Lives of Thomasina (1963), Ice Station Zebra (1968), Mary, Queen of Scots (1971), Silver Streak (1976), Escape From Alcatraz (1979), Scanners (1981), A Time to Kill (1996), Treasure Planet (2002) and memorably portrayed King Edward \"The Longshanks\" in Mel Gibson's Braveheart (1995).", "Jan Tomáš Forman (born February 18, 1932), most famous as Miloš Forman, is a Czech-American film director, screenwriter, actor, professorand and an emigrant from Czechoslovakia. Two of his films, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and Amadeus, are among the most celebrated in the history of film, both garnering him the Academy Award as a director. He was also nominated for The People vs. Larry Flynt.", "Sir Alec Guinness, CH, CBE (2 April 1914 – 5 August 2000) was an English actor. He was featured in several of the Ealing Comedies, including Kind Hearts and Coronets in which he played eight different characters. He later won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Colonel Nicholson in The Bridge on the River Kwai. His most prominent role in his later career was as Obi-Wan Kenobi in the original Star Wars trilogy.", "Caan, James Actor James Caan has reportedly trained with \"Tak\" Kubota for nearly thirty years. He is graded 6th dan karate. Cagney, James The late Hollywood actor James Cagney (1899-1986) held a black belt in judo according to reports.", "Woody Allen (born Allan Stewart Konigsberg on December 1, 1935) is a three-time Academy Award-winning American film director, writer, actor, musician, and comedian. His large body of work and cerebral film style have made him one of the most widely respected and prolific filmmakers in the modern era. Allen writes and directs his movies and has also acted in the majority of them. For inspiration, Allen draws heavily on literature, philosophy, psychology, European cinema and, most important, New York City, where he was born and in which he has lived all his life.", "Liam John Neeson, OBE (born 7 June 1952) is an actor from Northern Ireland. In 1976, he joined the Lyric Players' Theatre in Belfast for two years. He then acted in the Arthurian film, Excalibur (1981). Between 1982 and 1987, Neeson starred in five films; most notably alongside Mel Gibson and Anthony Hopkins in The Bounty (1984) and Robert De Niro and Jeremy Irons in The Mission (1986). He landed a leading role alongside Patrick Swayze in Next of Kin (1989).", "Edward Albee is one of the most enduring and influential American playwrights of the twentieth century. Born in Washington in 1928 he was adopted at 18 days old and grew up in an affluent if emotionally chilly home with servants and an adoptive mother, Frances who was, according to Albee’s biographer Mel Gussow, “imperious, demanding, and unloving.” Despite being thrown out of various private schools. Albee was writing from an early age.", "The Godfather (1972) - James Caan, Robert Duvall, and Al Pacino (all lost to Joel Grey for Cabaret (1972) )", "With these strong performances under his belt, Francis Ford Coppola then cast him as hot-tempered gangster Santino \"Sonny\" Corleone in the Mafia epic The Godfather (1972). The film was an enormous success, Caan scored a Best Supporting Actor nomination and, in the years since, the role has proven to be the one most fondly remembered by his legion of fans. He reprised the role for several flashback scenes in the sequel The Godfather: Part II (1974) and then moved on to several very diverse projects. These included a cop-buddy crime partnership with Alan Arkin in the uneven Freebie and the Bean (1974), a superb performance as a man playing for his life in The Gambler (1974) alongside Lauren Hutton , and pairing with Barbra Streisand in Funny Lady (1975). Two further strong lead roles came up for him in 1975, first as futuristic sports star \"Jonathon E\" questioning the moral fiber of a sterile society in Rollerball (1975) and teaming up with Robert Duvall in the Sam Peckinpah spy thriller The Killer Elite (1975).", "Academy Award-winning actor: The Bridge on the River Kwai [1957]; The Empire Strikes Back, The Lavender Hill Mob, Star Wars, A Passage to India, The Quiller Memorandum; died Aug 5, 2000", "NEW YORK CITY - James Caan delights in telling how he was twice voted \"Italian Of The Year\" by unspecified Italian-American organizations.", "The demand on Caan's talents seems to have increased steadily over the past few years as he is making himself known to a new generation of fans. Recent hot onscreen roles have included The Yards (2000), City of Ghosts (2002) and Dogville (2003). In addition, he finds himself at the helm of the hit TV series Las Vegas (2003) as casino security chief \"Big Ed\" Deline. An actor of undeniably manly appeal, James Caan continues to surprise and delight audiences with his invigorating performances.", "He was the first choice for the role of Marvin in City of Ghosts (2002) that went to James Caan .", "Caan is Jewish-Irish. The Italian impression comes not just from his birthplace, but from the persistent memory of his performance as the volatile Mafia scion Sonny Corleone in the classic Mob movie The Godfather.", "The demand on Caan's talents seems to have increased steadily over the past few years as he is making himself known to a new generation of fans. Recent hot onscreen roles have included The Yards , City of Ghosts and Dogville . In addition, he finds himself at the helm of the hit TV series Las Vegas as casino security chief \"Big Ed\" Deline. An actor of undeniably manly appeal, James Caan continues to surprise and delight audiences with his invigorating performances.", "His most popular film: Caan (far right) with (from left) John Cazale, Al Pacino and Marlon Brando in 1972's classic The Godfather", "The following year, Caan appeared in the neo-noir movie Thief, directed by Michael Mann, in which he played a professional safe cracker. Although the film was not successful at the time, Caan's performance was widely lauded and the movie has acquired something of a cult following. Caan always praised Mann's script and direction and has often said that next to The Godfather, Thief is the movie of which he is proudest. ", "Now 60, the still-muscular actor says he still keeps contact with his old friends. In the role of a Mob chieftain in the Hugh Grant comedy Mickey Blue Eyes, Caan says he was actually visited on the set by a few wiseguy pals in a scene where he and Grant were supposed to be burying a body in the Brooklyn Navy Yard.", "In 2013, Caan portrayed Chicago mob kingpin Sy Berman in the Starz TV drama Magic City. The series was not renewed for a third season, and Caan's character was apparently killed by \"the Butcher\" Ben Diamond, his erstwhile protege, portrayed by Danny Huston.", "In 1959, he appeared in his first film, a psychological Western, The Hanging Tree. The same year, Otto Preminger cast him as the relentless prosecuting attorney in Anatomy of a Murder. The role brought him his first, unsuccesful, Oscar nomination.", "James Cagney (with his second nomination) won the Best Actor award - his first and only Oscar - for his hyper-kinetic performance as patriotic songwriter/dance man and ex-vaudevillian George M. Cohan in the escapist", "John Cazale was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to an Irish-American mother, Cecilia (Holland), and an Italian-American father, John Cazale. Cazale only made five feature films in his career, all which many fans and critics alike call classics. But before his film debut, the short The American Way , he won numerous Obie Awards for his stage performances in \"The Indian Wants the Bronx\" and \"The Line\".", "• Who wrote the novel The Road, which was later turned into a film starring Viggo Mortensen? Cormac McCarthy" ]

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[ "Trondheim, historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem, is a city and municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. It has a population of 187,353 (January 1, 2016), and is the third most populous municipality in Norway, although the fourth largest urban area. It is the third largest city in the country, with a population (2013) of 169,972 inhabitants within the city borders. The city functions as the administrative centre of Sør-Trøndelag county. Trondheim lies on the south shore of the Trondheimsfjord at the mouth of the river Nidelva. The city is dominated by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), the Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research (SINTEF), St. Olavs University Hospital and other technology-oriented institutions.", "^Trondheim :Nidaros Cathedral, +1 culture - Nidaros Cathedral (Nidarosdomen), considered the most significant church of Norway, is located in Trondheim. It was the cathedral of the Norwegian archdiocese, established in 1152. Since the Reformation, it has been the cathedral of the Lutheran bishops of Trondheim or Nidaros. The architectural style of the cathedral is romanesque and gothic.", "For Trondheim patriots, the city is the centre of Norway . Trondheim is as much the technological capital today as it was the Norwegian capital centuries ago. The city around the meandering River Nidelva, the city of timber dwellings, the city of winter, the city surrounded by beautiful hills. Trondheim is situated next to a large fjord - Trondheimsfjorden (126 km long). Tr�ndelag is often referred to as Midt-Norge (the middle part of Norway).", "Trondheim - Famous for its stunning cathedral (Nidarosdomen).Wonderful riverside wharfs, wooden buildings and the best student nightlife in Norway give beautiful, leafy Trondheim its charm.", "Norway is situated in the western and northern parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula in northern Europe. It is bordered on the north by the Barents Sea (an arm of the Arctic Ocean), on the northeast by Finland and Russia, on the east by Sweden, on the south by Skagerrak Strait and the North Sea, and on the west by the Norwegian Sea. The Norwegian coastline extends for about 2,740 kilometers (1,700 miles) and with all its deeply cut fjords and islands it totals about 21,930 kilometers (13,620 miles) in length. These islands form an internal waterway protected from the ocean, and Norway's name, meaning \"northern way,\" reflects the importance of that route for linking the country's large number of small isolated fjord and valley settlements separated by icy rugged mountains. Norway has a land area of 324,220 square kilometers (125,182 square miles), making it slightly larger than New Mexico. Located in the south, Oslo is Norway's capital and largest city; Bergen is the cultural center of western Norway and the second-largest city with a population of 225,439. Other important urban centers include Trondheim and Stavanger.", "The case of Trondheim is of particular interest in this case, as the name \"Trondheim\" came out as a compromise. At this point (1930), there was a boost of renaming in Norway, getting the country rid of Danish names. The most logical choice was to rename Trondheim with the original name: Nidaros. But the citizens protested against it, preferring to have the name \"Trondhjem\" (\"Hjem\" is more \"danish\" than \"heim\"). The city went by \"Nidaros\" for a year, but when the locals resorted to Torches and Pitchforks , the ruling body quickly succumbed and renamed the city \"Trondheim\" - which actually made sense, because the area had gone by that name even before any town was founded there.", "In January 1942, she went back through the Kiel Canal, and on the 16th arrived with her escorts in Fættenfjord near Trondheim, Norway.", "The North Sea is bounded by the Orkney Islands and east coast of Great Britain to the west and the northern and central European mainland to the east and south, including Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. In the southwest, beyond the Straits of Dover, the North Sea becomes the English Channel connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. In the east, it connects to the Baltic Sea via the Skagerrak and Kattegat, narrow straits that separate Denmark from Norway and Sweden respectively. In the north it is bordered by the Shetland Islands, and connects with the Norwegian Sea, which lies in the very north-eastern part of the Atlantic. ", "Sogn Fjord, fjord , western Norway . It is the longest and deepest fjord in Norway, and its mouth is located 45 miles (72 km) north of Bergen . Its length, from the offshore island of Outer Sula (Ytre Sula) in the North Sea to Skjolden, at the head of its longest branch, Lustra Fjord, is 128 miles (206 km). The fjord’s maximum depth is 4,291 feet (1,308 metres), and its main axis is east-west. Its narrow, deep tributary channels extend almost to the Jotunheim Mountains on the east and to the Jostedals Glacier on the north. On the south, Aurlands Fjord extends almost to Halling Mountain. Sogn Fjord and its branches include some of the most picturesque scenery in Norway and form an important tourist area. There is some farming at the fjord heads, where alluvial-soil deposits have built up. There are numerous waterfalls along the fjord, many of which have been harnessed to provide electrical power for industries; the large aluminum-processing plant at Årdal is particularly important.", "etymology: derives from the Old Norse words \"nordr\" and \"vegr\" meaning \"northern way\" and refers to the long coastline of western Norway", "Oslo is an important centre of maritime knowledge in Europe and is home to approximately 980 companies and 8,500 employees within the maritime sector, some of which are the world's largest shipping companies, shipbrokers, and insurance brokers. [25] Det Norske Veritas , headquartered at Høvik outside Oslo, is one of the three major maritime classification societies in the world, with 16.5% of the world fleet to class in its register. [26] The city's port is the largest general cargo port in the country and its leading passenger gateway. Close to 6,000 ships dock at the Port of Oslo annually with a total of 6 million tonnes of cargo and over five million passengers. The gross domestic product of Oslo totaled NOK268.047 billion (€33.876 billion) in 2003, which amounted to 17% of the national GDP. [27] This compares with NOK165.915 billion (€20.968 billion) in 1995. The metropolitan area, bar Moss and Drammen , contributed 25% of the national GDP in 2003 and was also responsible for more than one quarter of tax revenues . In comparison, total tax revenues from the oil and gas industry on the Norwegian Continental Shelf amounted to about 16%. [28] The region has one of the highest per capita GDPs in Europe, at NOK391,399 (€49,465) in 2003.[citation needed] If Norway were a member of the European Union, the capital region would have the fourth strongest GDP per capita, behind Inner London , Brussels-Capital and Luxembourg .[citation needed]", "Christiania - the capital and largest city of Norway; the country's main port; located at the head of a fjord on Norway's southern coast", "In the 12th and 13th centuries the Norwegian kingdom was at its geographical and cultural peak. The kingdom included Norway (including the now Swedish provinces of Jemtland, Herjedalen, Særna, Idre and Båhuslen), Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Shetland, Orkney and other smaller areas in the British Isles. The king had diplomatic relations with most of the European kingdoms and formed alliances with Scotland and Castile, among others. Large castles such as Haakon's Hall and cathedrals, the foremost being Nidaros Cathedral, were built.", "The most important products of the Norwegian Sea are no longer fish, but oil and especially gas found under the ocean floor. Norway started undersea oil production in 1993, followed by development of the Huldra gas field in 2001. The large depth and harsh waters of the Norwegian Sea pose significant technical challenges for offshore drilling. Whereas drilling at depths exceeding 500 meters has been conducted since 1995, only a few deep gas fields have been explored commercially. The most important current project is Ormen Lange (depth 800-1,100 m), where gas production started in 2007. With reserves of 1.4 cubic feet, it is the major Norwegian gas field. It is connected to the Langeled pipeline, currently the world's longest underwater pipeline, and thus to a major European gas pipeline network. Several other gas fields are being developed. A particular challenge is the Kristin field, where the temperature is as high as 170 °C and the gas pressure exceeds 900 bar (900 times the normal pressure). ", "Norway is a country located in Northern Europe on the western and northern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bordering the North Sea in southwest and the Skagerrak inlet to the south, the North Atlantic Ocean (Norwegian Sea) in the west and the Barents Sea to the northeast.", "Rotterdam, Antwerpen and Hamburg, all located on the North Sea coast, consolidated their positions as Europe's top three ports in 2014, both in terms of the gross weight of goods handled and in terms of the volume of containers handled in the ports. The 20 largest cargo ports accounted for 38 % of the total tonnage of goods handled in the main ports of the reporting countries in 2014, about the same share as in 2013. The largest port in Europe, Rotterdam in the Netherlands, on its own accounted for close to 10 % of the total tonnage.", "^Hamburg :Hamburg Harbour, +1 culture, +1 prod, +20 naval - Hamburg Harbouror, or the Port of Hamburg, is a deep water port off the North Sea, on the River Elbe in Hamburg, Germany. Hamburg Harbour is named Germany's \"Gateway to the World\" and it is the largest sea-port in Germany and - in terms of numbers of containers handled in 2004 - the second-largest in Europe and the ninth-largest worldwide.", "Sullom Voe, petroleum terminal and port in the north of the island of Mainland, Shetland Islands , Scotland . One of the largest facilities of its kind in Europe , Sullom Voe handled more than one-fourth of the United Kingdom’s petroleum production in the late 1990s and employed about 500 people. Crude oil flows through an underwater pipeline from several North Sea oil fields located about 100 miles (160 km) northeast of the Shetland Islands to the onshore pipeline terminal at Sullom Voe, where huge tankers are loaded. The construction of the terminal and associated port and storage facilities, power station, and processing plant to separate gas from crude oil was one of the largest civil engineering projects in western Europe since World War II and one of the key achievements of the Scottish offshore petroleum industry.", "The port of Ghent, in the north of the city, is the third largest port of Belgium. It is accessed by the Ghent-Terneuzen Canal, which ends near the Dutch port of Terneuzen on the Western Scheldt. The port houses, among others, big companies like ArcelorMittal, Volvo Cars, Volvo Trucks, Volvo Parts, Honda, and Stora Enso.", ", city (1994 pop. 237,307), Mecklenburg–West Pomerania, NE Germany, on the Baltic Sea. It is an industrial center and a major seaport, with petroleum tank installations and shipyards, as well as fish-processing and shipbuilding", "The Port of Aarhus is one of the largest industrial ports in northern Europe with the largest container terminal in Denmark, processing more than 50% of Denmark's container traffic and accommodating the largest container vessels in the world. It is a municipal self-governing port with independent finances. The facilities handle some 9.5 million tonnes of cargo a year (2012). Grain is the principal export, while feedstuffs, stone, cement and coal are among the chief imports. Since 2012 the port has faced increasing competition from the Port of Hamburg and freight volumes have decreased somewhat from the peak in 2008.", "Togo lacks a natural harbor, but in 1968 a major deepwater port east of central Lomé was completed with a loan from the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). An autonomous free port at Lomé serves landlocked Burkina Faso, Niger , and Mali . There is also a phosphate-handling port at Kpémé. A small merchant-shipping fleet was created in 1974 as a joint venture with the FRG. In 2005 there were two ships of 1,000 GRT or over, totaling 3,918 GRT. As of 2003, Togo's navigable inland waterways consisted of a 50 km (31 mi) stretch of the Mono River, in which navigation is seasonal and dependent upon rainfall.", "The port of Kiel, one of the major ports of the German Navy, located at the Kiel Fjord (Kieler Förde) a 17 km (11 mi) long inlet of the Baltic Sea.", "The port of Rotterdam is the largest cargo port in Europe and the 10th largest in the world. Rotterdam's logistic success is based on its strategic location on the North Sea, directly at the mouth of the Nieuwe Maas (New Meuse) channel leading into the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. The rivers Rhine, Meuse, and Scheldt give waterway access into the heart of Western Europe, including the highly industrialized Ruhr region. The extensive distribution system including rail, roads and waterways have earned Rotterdam the nickname \"Gateway to Europe\", and, conversely; \"Gateway to the World\" in Europe. ", "The Coastal Express ships (Hurtigruten: Covering the Bergen–Kirkenes stretch of the coast) call at Trondheim, as do many cruise ships during the summer season. Since 1994 there is also a fast commuter boat service to Kristiansund, the closest coastal city to the southwest.", "Oslo is the centre of Norwegian trade, banking, industry, and shipping. Oslo Harbour is the largest, as well as the busiest, in the country. The leading industries are the production of consumer goods and the electrotechnical and graphic industries. The important Norwegian fur auctions are held at Økern, to the northeast. Oslo is also the junction of road, rail, and airway networks of the country.", "Northern Port is located directly in the water basins of Gdańsk Bay. The largest vessels with a capacity of up to and draft to 15 m that enter the Baltic Sea can be serviced here.", "The coast of the North Sea presents a diversity of geological and geographical features. In the north, deep fjords and sheer cliffs mark the Norwegian and Scottish coastlines, whereas in the south it consists primarily of sandy beaches and wide mudflats. Due to the dense population, heavy industrialization, and intense use of the sea and area surrounding it, there have been a number of environmental issues affecting the sea's ecosystems. Environmental concerns — commonly including overfishing, industrial and agricultural runoff, dredging, and dumping among others — have led to a number of efforts to prevent degradation of the sea while still making use of its economic potential.", "Helsingør Værftsmuseum (Shipyard Museum), Allégade 2, ☎ +45 49 28 18 16, [9] . Su-M 14-18, Tu-Th 10-14. In the old shipyard administration offices a group of passionate previous employees together with the city council have set up an exhibition on shipbuilding in the city including collections on the craft in general. Free. (56.037920,12.614552)  edit", "During 2009, seven large wind turbines, likely Vestas 3MWs totalling 21MW capacity, were erected in the sea north of Sprogø to contribute to the electrical demand of the Great Belt Link. Their hub heights are about the same level as the road deck of the suspension bridge. Part of the project was to showcase sea wind at the December 2009 Copenhagen climate meeting. ", "German cities achieved domination of trade in the Baltic with striking speed over the next (i.e. 13th) century, and Lübeck became a central node in all the seaborne trade that linked the areas around the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The 15th century saw the climax of Lübeck's hegemony .", "German cities achieved domination of trade in the Baltic with striking speed over 13th century, and Lübeck became a central node in the seaborne trade that linked the areas around the North and Baltic Seas . The 15th century saw the peak of Lübeck's hegemony ." ]

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[ "Camp David is the country retreat of the President of the United States. It is located in wooded hills about 62 miles (100 km) north-northwest of Washington, D.C., in Catoctin Mountain Park near Thurmont, Maryland. It is officially known as Naval Support Facility Thurmont and because it is technically a military installation, staffing is primarily provided by the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps.", "Camp David is the country retreat of the President of the United States. It is located in wooded hills about 62 miles (100 km) north-northwest of Washington, D.C., in Catoctin Mountain Park near Thurmont, Maryland. It is officially known as Naval Support Facility Thurmont and because it is technically a military installation, staffing is primarily provided by the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps.", "Camp David is an official presidential retreat located in the wooded hills near Thurmont, Maryland, which is about 100 kilometers north of Washington in the Catoctin Mountains. The facility is formally known as Naval Support Facility Thurmont and is staffed by Navy and Marine Corps personnel.", "Naval Support Facility Thurmont, popularly known as Camp David, is a mountain-based military camp in Frederick County , Maryland used as a country retreat of the President of the United States and his guests.", "The Presidential retreat Camp David is located in Maryland’s Catoctin Mountains, in close proximity to Washington, D.C. by helicopter. The retreat, more formally known as Naval Support Facility Thurmont, is an active naval base staffed by Marine and Navy personnel. The site comprises 180 acres with multiple cabins for the President, his family, and their guests.", "Camp David, the official retreat of the President of the U.S., is near Thurmont, Maryland. It is administered by the Military Office of the White House and is operated by the United States Navy. President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the camp in 1942, as a retreat where he could escape the summer heat of Washington. Roosevelt called the camp Shangri-La, the name of a perfect mountain kingdom in Lost Horizon, a famous novel by the English author James Hilton. In 1945, President Harry S. Truman made Shangri-La the official presidential retreat. Pres- ident Dwight D. Eisenhower renamed the camp in 1953 in honor of his father and grandson, David Eisenhower.", "A \"Summer White House\" is typically the name given to the regular vacation residence of the sitting President of the United States aside from Camp David, the mountain-based military camp in Frederick County, Maryland, used as a country retreat and for high-alert protection of Presidents and their guests.", "Camp David is hidden in Catoctin Mountain Park, a 5,810-acre federal property outside Thurmont that boasts nature trails and meadows, screech owls, trout and white-tailed deer. With the arrival of spring bringing the rush of creek waters, it's hard to conceive of a more placid place.", "The most famous of the federal \"retreats\" is Camp David, located in Catoctin Mountain Park, a National Park Service area near Thurmont, Maryland, and only a few miles from Site R, and the Federal Emergency Training Center in Emmitsburg. The rustic cabins at the camps have been replaced over the years with semi-rustic-looking bungalows that have the luxuries demanded of heads of state. Approximately 50 buildings are clustered around the highest point in the park, within a 125 acre fenced area, designated as Department of Defense property within the park. Reports about the extent of the underground bunkers at Camp David vary, but there is known to be an underground communications center and a VIP bomb shelter, constructed in 1959. Rumors abound about more extensive facilities, including a tunnel connecting Camp David to Site R. The surrounding park is open to the public, and has a few other \"camps\" with clusters of buildings, some clearly in use by military personnel, such as the sailors and marines that protect and maintain Camp David.", "Located 70 miles from the White House in the Catoctin Mountains of Maryland, NSF Thurmont also known as Camp David was established in 1942 as a place for the President to relax and entertain. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt wanted to escape the summer heat of Washington, D.C., and the higher altitude of the Camp provided cool breezes and good security. President Roosevelt called the Camp “Shangri-La” after the mountain kingdom in James Hilton’s book Lost Horizon. It was renamed Camp David in 1953 by President Eisenhower in honor of his grandson.", "In 1954 the Federal Government created Catoctin Mountain Park, which surrounds Camp David, out of almost 6,000 acres of the old Catoctin Recreational Demonstration Area. The remainder of the area was transferred to the State of Maryland, which now operates it as Cunningham Falls State Park. Catoctin Mountain Park is primarily a wilderness and public recreational area that provides nature and hiking trails and picnicking and camping facilities.", "A view of the lower terrace of Aspen Lodge, the Presidential residence at Camp David in Frederick County, Md., in April 1961. Sassafras Cabin is visible in the background.", "A presidential retreat on Catoctin Mountain in northern Maryland north-northwest of Washington, DC. It was established by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942 as Shangri-La. Dwight D. Eisenhower renamed it Camp David in honor of his grandson.", "A view of the lower terrace of Aspen Lodge, the Presidential residence at Camp David in Frederick County, Md., in April 1961. Maple Cabin is visible in the background.", "In 1952, Truman approved a compromise under which the land north of Maryland Route 77 would remain Catoctin Mountain Park operated by the National Park Service and the land south of Maryland Route 77 would become Cunningham Falls State Park. The official transfer took effect in 1954. President Eisenhower renamed the retreat, after he took office in 1953, \"Camp David,\" after his grandson.", "*Camp David, the U.S. presidential retreat 60 miles northwest of Washington, D.C. was named \"Shangri-La\" by President Roosevelt in 1942. Roosevelt held a conference there with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in May 1943. ", "(Placename) the US president's retreat in the Appalachian Mountains, Maryland: scene of the Camp David Agreement (Sept, 1978) between Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Menachem Begin of Israel, mediated by Jimmy Carter, which outlined a framework for establishing peace in the Middle East. This agreement was the basis of the peace treaty between Israel and Egypt signed in Washington (March, 1979)", "All off the legislation signing and singing to his guests will eventually tire out the President. Whenever he needs a little breathing space he can take a short trip to Camp David. The camp is located in wooded hills about 100km northwest of Washington, D.C. The area is secluded and very secure.", "A retreat to the northwest of Washington, DC, that is used by the president of the United States. Two framework agreements providing for a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel, and peace in the Middle East more broadly, were negotiated at Camp David and are known as the Camp David Accords.", "The Camp is operated by Navy personnel, and troops from the Marine Barracks in Washington, D.C., provide permanent security. Marine One carries the President during the half-hour helicopter ride from our Nation’s capital. Guests at Camp David can enjoy a pool, putting green, driving range, tennis courts, gymnasium, and the many guest cabins — Dogwood, Maple, Holly, Birch, and Rosebud, to name a few. The presidential cabin is called Aspen Lodge.", "President Jimmy Carter hosted the now famous Camp David Summit in 1978, between Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and resulted in what are now known as the Camp David Accords establishing peace between Egypt and Israel. Carter also enjoyed fly-fishing.", "In preparation for the Camp David summit, two nearby parks — Cunningham Falls State Park and Catoctin Mountain Park — were closed by the Secret Service. Nonetheless officials in Frederick County, where Camp David is located, expressed hope the summit would have an overall positive economic impact for the county.", "Dwight D. Eisenhower's oil painting of one of the cottages at Camp David. (Oil, undated, by Dwight D. Eisenhower, David H. Marx, Shrewsbury, N.J.)", "Jerome - Chicot/Drew Counties - site of WWII Japanese camps Rohwer - Descha County - site of WWII Japanese camps Blythville AFB - Closed airbase now being used as camp. New wooden barracks have been constructed at this location. Classic decorations - guard towers, barbed wire, high fences. Berryville - FEMA facility located east of Eureka Springs off Hwy. 62. Omaha - Northeast of Berryville near Missouri state line, on Hwy 65 south of old wood processing plant. Possible crematory facility.", "Camp David has been the site of many historic international meetings. It was there, during World War II, that President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill planned the Allies’ invasion of Europe. Many historical events have occurred at the Presidential Retreat; the planning of the Normandy invasion, Eisenhower-Khrushchev meetings, discussions of the Bay of Pigs, Vietnam War discussions, and many other meetings with foreign dignitaries and guests. President Jimmy Carter chose the site for the meeting of Middle East leaders that led to the Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt.", "As of May 2012, President Obama has visited Camp David 22 times, spending all of part of 54 days there, according to CBS News' Mark Knoller - a far less frequent visitor than his predecessor, George W. Bush, who by the same point in his presidency had made 81 visits to Camp David, spanning all or part of 256 days.", "Over the years, presidents have had different attachments to the camp. President Harry Truman seldom went there. Margaret Truman found the place claustrophobic and gloomy, according to Dale Nelson's book, \"The President Is at Camp David.\"", "File:David Eisenhower in Camp David.jpg|David Eisenhower (age 12), grandson of President Eisenhower, poses with sign named in his honor, 1960", "..... Click the link for more information.  administration, began a series of large-scale housing developments. Although the Camp David accords Camp David accords,", "Base camp, ten miles south of Trinity. View is toward the southwest. By the summer of 1945, two-hundred scientists, soldiers, and technicians lived here. Base camp was former Dave McDonald (George's brother) ranch house.", "Mass Audubon Camps are accredited by the American Camp Association. The new Joppa Flats Day Camp and Urban Adventures Day Camp will be seeking accreditation for summer 2013.", "Richards-Gebaur AFB - located in Grandview, near K.C.MO. A very large internment facility has been built on this base, and all base personnel are restricted from coming near it. Ft. Leonard Wood - Situated in the middle of Mark Twain National Forest in Pulaski County. This site has been known for some UN training, also home to the US Army Urban Warfare Training school \"Stem Village\". Warsaw - Unconfirmed report of a large concentration camp facility." ]

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[ "The Statue of Liberty (originally called \"Liberty Enlightening the World\") is a massive sculpture which stands on Liberty Island in New York Harbor. A gift of the people of France, and designed by Frédéric Bartholdi, it was dedicated on October 28, 1886. The statue has become an iconic symbol of political freedom.", "STATUE OF LIBERTY, originally named \"Liberty Enlightening the World,\" was a gift from France, unveiled on 28 October 1886 at Bedloe's Island (later Liberty Island) in New York Harbor. There, President Grover Cleveland accepted it as a long-delayed commemoration of a century of American independence. Rising 151 feet above an 89-foot pedestal, it was then the tallest structure in New York City.", "The Statue of Liberty was given to United States by France. It was originally named \"Liberty Enlightening the World.\" It was created by the French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi.", "Liberty Enlightening the World (French: La libert? ?clairant le monde), known more commonly as the Statue of Liberty (Statue de la Libert?), is a large statue that was presented to the United States by France in 1886. Originally, the statue was meant to be placed in Egypt, but the French decided to give it to America in response to their help in their war (At the time, Egypt was controlled by the British). It currently stands at Liberty Island (part of New York but physically on the New Jersey side of the New York Harbor) as a welcome to all visitors, immigrants, and returning Americans. The copper patina-clad statue, dedicated on October 28, 1886, commemorates the centennial of the United States and is a gesture of friendship from France to the U.S. Fr?d?ric Auguste Bartholdi sculpted the statue and obtained a U.S. patent useful for raising construction funds through the sale of miniatures. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (designer of the Eiffel Tower) engineered the internal structure. Eug?ne Viollet-le-Duc was responsible for the choice of copper in the statue's construction and adoption of the repouss? technique.", "As the Suez Canal neared completion in 1869, French sculptor Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi tried to convince Ferdinand de Lesseps and the Egyptian government to let him build a sculpture called “Egypt Bringing Light to Asia” at its Mediterranean entrance. Inspired by the ancient Colossus of Rhodes, Bartholdi envisioned a 90-foot-tall statue of a woman clothed in Egyptian peasant robes and holding a massive torch, which would also serve as a lighthouse to guide ships into the canal. The project never materialized, but Bartholdi continued shopping the idea for his statue, and in 1886 he finally unveiled a completed version in New York Harbor. Officially called “Liberty Enlightening the World,” the monument has since become better known as the Statue of Liberty.", "The Statue of Liberty arrived at its permanent home at Bedloe’s Island in New York Harbor on June 19, 1885, aboard the French frigate Isere. A gift of friendship from the people of France to the people of the United States, the 151-foot-tall statue was created to commemorate the centennial of the American Declaration of Independence . Designed by sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi and officially titled Liberty Enlightening the World, the Statue of Liberty has symbolized freedom and democracy to the nation and to the world for over 120 years.", "The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World [French: La Liberté éclairant le monde]) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, designed by Frédéric Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28, 1886. The statue, a gift to the United States from the people of France, is of a robed female figure representing Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom, who bears a torch and a tabula ansata (a tablet evoking the law) upon which is inscribed the date of the American Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue has become an iconic symbol of freedom and of the United States.", "The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; French: La Liberté éclairant le monde) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue, designed by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, a French sculptor, was built by Gustave Eiffel and dedicated on October 28, 1886. It was a gift to the United States from the people of France.", "The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; French: La Liberté éclairant le monde) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in the middle of New York Harbor, in Manhattan, New York City. The statue, designed by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, a French sculptor and dedicated on October 28, 1886, was a gift to the United States from the people of France. The statue is of a robed female figure representing Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom, who bears a torch and a tabula ansata (a tablet evoking the law) upon which is inscribed the date of the American Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue is an icon of freedom and of the United States: a welcoming signal to immigrants arriving from abroad.", "The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; French: La Liberté éclairant le monde) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The statue, designed by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, a French sculptor and dedicated on October 28, 1886, was a gift to the United States from the people of France. The statue is of a robed female figure representing Libertas, the Roman goddess, who bears a torch and a tabula ansata (a tablet evoking the law) upon which is inscribed the date of the American Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue is an icon of freedom and of the United States: a welcoming signal to immigrants arriving from abroad.", "A French sculptor named Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi designed the statue. The official name given to it was \"The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World.\"", "The statue, whose formal name is \"Liberty Enlightening the World,\" was dedicated in 1886 by President Grover Cleveland. It was a gift from France, designed by the sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi to celebrate the 100-year anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. It was shipped to the US in 214 crates and weighed a total of 225 tons. Once assembled, the statue initially functioned as a lighthouse and was administered by the U.S. Lighthouse Board.", "In 1867, French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi unveiled a design for a giant statue of a woman brandishing a torch to symbolize \"Egypt bringing light to Asia\" through the canal. Local support for the statue waned eventually and it ultimately ended up in New York harbor in 1886, and was renamed the Statue of Liberty .", "The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The statue is of a robed female figure representing Libertas, the Roman goddess, who bears a torch and a tabula ansata (a tablet evoking the law) upon which is inscribed the date of the American Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. (source: Wikipedia )", "Officially named Liberty Enlightening the World, the Statue of Liberty was designed by French sculptor Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi. After finalizing the design, wooden molds were made over which copper sheets were attached and hammered into shape. The copper shell was then joined to an internal iron structure designed by Gustave Eiffel, the man who later built the Eiffel Tower.", "The Statue of Liberty is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in the middle of New York Harbor, in Manhattan, New York City. The statue, designed by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28, 1886, was a gift to the United States from the people of France. The statue is of a robed female figure representing Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom, who bears a torch and a tabula ansata upon which is inscribed the date of the American Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue is an icon of freedom and of the United States: a welcoming signal to immigrants arriving from abroad. Bartholdi was inspired by French law professor and politician Édouard René de Laboulaye, who commented in 1865 that any monument raised to American independence would properly be a joint project of the French and American peoples. Due to the troubled political situation in France, work on the statue did not commence until the early 1870s. In 1875, Laboulaye proposed that the French finance the statue and the Americans provide the site and build the pedestal. Bartholdi completed the head and the torch-bearing arm before the statue was fully designed, and these pieces were exhibited for publicity at international expositions.", "*Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, designed by Frédéric Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28, 1886. The statue, a gift to the United States from the people of France, is of a robed female figure representing Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom, who bears a torch and a tablet upon which is inscribed the date of the American Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. The statue is an icon of freedom and of the United States: a welcoming signal to immigrants arriving from abroad.", "The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, designed by Frédéric Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28, 1886.", "Do you know who designed and built the Statue of Liberty? - the French, specifically a French Freemason, sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, who wanted to honor a Masonic doctrine that dates back to the time of Nimrod! Bartholdi intentionally clothed Liberty as a classical Roman deity, the goddess Libertas. She wears a palla, a cloak that is fastened on her left shoulder by a clasp. Underneath is a stola, which falls in many folds to her feet. Around her feet is a broken chain, symbolizing freedom from all restraint - religious, political, moral, or otherwise.  Libertas, also called the “Queen of Heaven,” is a Roman version of Ishtar. By the way, there is a city just up the coast of Long Island from New York City named Babylon. People on ships sailing into New York Harbor from the northeast can see its sign: “Welcome to Babylon.” Ironic, is it not? Babylon, New York, was founded and named by poor Jewish immigrants who, because of their circumstances, identified with the Jews of ancient Babylon.", "The famous ‘Statue of Liberty’ is widely recognized across the world. Widely known as a gift from France to America, the statue is believed to be a mark of freedom from colonial shackles, not least because of the inscribed American independence date on the pedestal.", "The Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from the people of France to the United States of America. A French sculptor, Frederic Auguste Bartholdi , visited America in 1871 and found the perfect place for the statue he wanted to build. The place was Bedloes Island in the New York Harbor.", "Finding: The statue's design almost certainly evolved from an earlier concept Bartholdi proposed for a colossal monument in Egypt, for which the artist used his drawings of Egyptian women as models. Bartholdi’s preliminary design for the Statue of Liberty is consistent with contemporary depictions of Liberty, but differs markedly from sculptures representing freed American slaves and Civil War soldiers. Bartholdi changed a broken shackle and chain in the statue's left hand to tablets inscribed \"July IV, MDCCLXXVI” (July 4, 1776) at Laboulaye's request, to emphasize a broader vision of liberty for all mankind. There is no evidence that Bartholdi's “original” design was perceived by white American supporters or the United States government as representing a black woman, or was changed on those grounds.", "The Statue of Liberty was created by Frederic Auste Bartholdi (Maurice Koechin, engineer for the Eiffel Tower designed the statue's internal structure) for America's centennial and as a symbol of friendship created between France and America during the American Revolution.", "The statue is constructed of copper sheets assembled on a framework of steel supports designed by Eugene-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc and Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel. For transit to America, the figure was disassembled into 350 pieces and packed in 214 crates. Four months later, Bartholdi’s statue, “Liberty Enlightening the World,” arrived in New York Harbor on June 19, 1885, almost ten years after the centennial of America’s independence. It was reassembled and erected on Bedloe's Island (renamed Liberty Island in 1956) in New York Harbor.", "It is because of this, as well as the placement of the statue in New York Harbour - the busiest immigration port of the time - that the image of the Statue of Liberty as a greeting to immigrants was adopted. It was never intended as a lighthouse welcoming immigrants to America 3 . It was meant as a symbol to the world and particularly to Europe (it points towards Europe not America) of the Republican ideals that America embraced.", "The base of the statue is an 11-pointed star, part of old Fort Wood; a 154-ft (47-m) pedestal, built through American funding, is made of concrete faced with granite. On it is a tablet, affixed in 1903, inscribed with \"The New Colossus,\" the famous sonnet of Emma Lazarus, welcoming immigrants to the United States. By the early 20th cent, this greeting to the arriving stranger had become the statue's primary symbolic message. Broadening in its meaning, the statue became a symbol of America during World War I and a ubiquitous democratic symbol during World War II. An elevator runs to the top of the pedestal, and steps within the statue lead to the crown. The statue was extensively refurbished prior to its centennial celebration in 1986. The Statue of Liberty became a national monument in 1924. In 1965, Ellis Island , the entrance point of millions of immigrants to the United States, was added to the monument.", "The Statue of Liberty, which is made of copper and steel, stands on Liberty Island, which is located in New York Harbor. The seven spikes on the crown of the statue represent the seven seas and continents of the world, according to the National Park Service.", "The French officially gave 'Lady Liberty' to America in 1886 as a lasting reminder to the people of the friendship that the two nations built about a century earlier, during the American Revolutionary War. They commissioned sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi to begin in 1875 with the name 'Liberty Enlightening the World', and with the goal of completion in 1876, the centennial of the signing of the Declaration of Independence and the birth of the USA.", "The statue was a gift to the United States from the people of France. Planning for the statue was started not long after slavery was abolished in the United States, but the statue was not completely assembled and dedicated until 1886. The U.S. Lighthouse Board maintained the statue from 1886 to 1902; maintenance then passed to the War Department from 1902 to 1933. Since 1933, the Statue of Liberty has been maintained by the National Park Service.", "Two smaller statues predates the statue that is placed in New York. One stands in Paris in the Jardin de Luxembourg, and a second stands in front of the city hall in Maceió, in Brazil . After the success of these statues, it was decided to go huge. Nowadays copies of the Statue of Liberty can be found all over the world, including the one in Las Vegas in front of the New York New York hotel.", "The Statue of Liberty was a gift to the United States from which country? A) France B) England C) China D) Italy", "The Statue of Liberty was a gift to the United States from which country? A) France B) England C) China D) Italy" ]

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[ "The theme song for From Russia With Love was almost two themes in one. The full theme, composed by Lionel Bart and sung by English musician Matt Monro, was played over the end credits. It coupled soft and laid back music, with Monro's bold vocals. It could be considered the most classical of all Bond themes, and is certainly distinct in the series.", "From Russia with Love is the first series film with John Barry as the primary soundtrack composer. The theme song, \"From Russia with Love\", was composed by Lionel Bart of Oliver! fame and sung by Matt Monro, although the title credit music is a lively instrumental version of the tune (segueing into the \"James Bond Theme\"). Monro's vocal version is later played during the film (as source music on a radio) and properly over the film's end titles.", "From Russia with Love is the first Bond film in the series with John Barry as the primary soundtrack composer. The theme song was composed by Lionel Bart of Oliver! fame and sung by Matt Monro, although the title credit music is a lively instrumental version of the tune beginning with Barry's brief James Bond is Back then segueing into Monty Norman's \"James Bond Theme\". Monro's vocal version is later played during the film (as source music on a radio) and properly over the film's end titles. Barry travelled with the crew to Turkey to try getting influences of the local music, but ended up using almost nothing, just local instruments such as finger cymbals to give an exotic feeling, since he thought the Turkish music had a comedic tone that did not fit in the \"dramatic feeling\" of the James Bond movies. ", "\"007 Theme\", not to be confused with the \" James Bond Theme \", is an adventure theme composed by John Barry in 1963 for the Bond film, From Russia with Love . [2] \"The John Barry Seven\" had pop chart hit with a cover version of Elmer Bernstein 's theme to The Magnificent Seven that featured seven beats repeated throughout the theme. Barry used seven beats throughout the \"007 Theme\".", "* Matt Monro's vocal rendition of \"From Russia with Love\" is often considered the official theme song for that film, even though the opening credits use an instrumental version that also incorporates the \"James Bond Theme.\" Monro's version isn't heard until about 15 minutes into the film over a radio, and again over the closing titles.", "Goldfinger is said to have started the tradition of Bond theme songs being from the pop genre or using popular artists, although this had already been done with Matt Monro singing the title song of From Russia with Love. Shirley Bassey sang the theme song \"Goldfinger\", and she would go on to sing the theme songs for two other Bond films, Diamonds are Forever and Moonraker. The song was composed by John Barry, with lyrics by Anthony Newley and Leslie Bricusse that were described in one contemporary newspaper as \"puerile\". Like the score, the arrangement makes heavy use of brass, and incorporates the Bond theme from Dr. No. Newley recorded the early versions, which were even considered for inclusion in the film. The soundtrack album topped the Billboard 200 chart, and reached the 14th place in the UK Albums Chart. The single for \"Goldfinger\" was also successful, reaching 8th in the Billboard Hot 100 and 21st in the UK charts.", "From Russia with Love is the theme song for the film From Russia with Love . It was composed by Lionel Bart, and performed by English singer Matt Monro .", "The opening credits of From Russia with Love were accompanied by an instrumental version of the main theme, arranged by John Barry and written by Lionel Bart . A single by The John Barry Orchestra reached No. 39 in the U.K. At the film's end, a vocal version by English singer Matt Monro is heard. This song spent 13 weeks in the U.K. charts, peaking at No. 20. [3]", "The \"Bond Music Style\" is so familiar to people, that it sometimes seems as though it was always there. But in fact it took a lot of effort to establish all the recognisable facets of this style. Monty Norman had scored most of the first movie \"Dr. No\" but neither he nor the film-makers were completely satisfied that they had captured the essence of Bond. John Barry was brought in and orchestrated one of Norman's songs on electric guitar, and the unmistakeable Bond Theme had arrived. Barry was asked to score the next film \"From Russia with Love\" which had a theme tune and incidental music incorporating elements of the Bond theme and its style. The theme song for the next film Goldfinger was written to be larger than life and Shirley Bassey was asked to sing it in her powerful voice.", "Martin has also directly and indirectly contributed to the main themes of three films in the James Bond series. Although Martin did not produce the theme for the second Bond film, From Russia with Love , he was responsible for the signing of Matt Monro to EMI just months prior to his recording of the song of the same title. [78]", "Martin also directly and indirectly contributed to the main themes of three films in the James Bond series. Although Martin did not produce the theme for the second Bond film, From Russia with Love, he was responsible for the signing of Matt Monro to EMI just months prior to his recording of the song of the same title.", "This was the theme song to the 1965 James Bond movie of the same name. The music was written by John Barry, who did the music for the three previous Bond movies: Dr. No, From Russia with Love , and Goldfinger.", "Oliver! transferred to Broadway in 1963 to tremendous acclaim. He wrote the theme song for the second James Bond film, From Russia With Love.", "Martin also directly and indirectly contributed to the main themes of three films in the James Bond series. Although Martin did not produce the theme for the second Bond film, From Russia with Love, he was responsible for the signing of Matt Monro to EMI, just months prior to his recording of the song of the same title. ", "The opening credits of From Russia with Love were accompanied by an instrumental version of the main theme, arranged by John Barry and written by Lionel Bart. A single by The John Barry Orchestra reached 39 in the U.K. At the film's end, a vocal version by English singer Matt Monro is heard. This song spent 13 weeks in the U.K. charts, peaking at 20.", "The practice of using a well-known singer started with the second film, From Russia with Love, when debonair Matt Monro made short work of the title tune. For the next 15 years, nearly every Bond theme struck gold. But this was followed by a long dry spell: who can hum Rita Coolidge’s All Time High from Octopussy, or Madonna’s Die Another Day ?", "For Thunderball (Bond no.4) Barry originally wrote \"Kiss Kiss Bang Bang\" as the title song, recorded it with Shirley Bassey and Dionne Warwick and as before included the melody within the fabric of the film's incidental music. (The title \"Kiss Kiss Bang Bang\" is the Japanese knickname for James Bond.) However at the last moment the producers realised that the Title Song did not contain the Title of the Movie, like From Russia with Love and Goldfinger, so they asked for a new song called Thunderball. Very quickly Don Black wrote some ambiguous lyrics, and Tom Jones recorded it famously nearly passing out on the final note. For the extended underwater fight scenes leading up to the final battle, Barry reused and expanded his secondary \"007\" theme which was first used on From Russia with Love.", "The notion of the James Bond title song didn’t begin until the second James Bond feature (From Russia with Love in 1963), but it has been a stable staple of the series ever since, and sometime along the way, audiences began anticipating the title tune almost as much as seeing the movie itself. Which hot new pop star would be active and classy enough to tackle Bond? ", "A version of the haunting \"Stalking\" track -- from the pre-credit sequence of From Russia with Love involving Connery and Shaw -- appears in The Spy Who Loved Me, when Bond (Roger Moore) and Anya Amasova (Agent XXX, played by Barbara Bach) confront Richard Kiel's Jaws character at a historic site in Egypt. Ironically, Spy was scored not by Barry but Marvin Hamlisch, one of only four times Barry did not helm the Bond music arrangements in the first 16 United Artists installments.", "The briefest of \"James Bond themes\", this composition started off the title music of From Russia with Love. It was heard on the On Her Majesty's Secret Service film trailer .", "Paul McCartney 's performance of \" Live and Let Die \" was the first Bond theme song to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song ; it reached No. 2 as a U.S. single, and No. 9 on the U.K. charts. [3] [4] George Martin's work in the song won the Grammy for Best Arrangement Accompanying Vocalists . [6]", "In 2005, From Russia with Love was adapted by Electronic Arts into a video game, titled James Bond 007: From Russia with Love, which featured all-new voice work by Connery as well as his likeness, and those of several of the film’s supporting cast.", "The theme song \"Nobody Does It Better\" was composed by Marvin Hamlisch with lyrics by Carole Bayer Sager and was performed by Carly Simon. It was nominated for Academy Award for Best Original Song but lost to \"You Light Up My Life\". It was one of five Bond theme songs to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. The other four were \"Live and Let Die\" in 1973, \"For Your Eyes Only\" in 1981, \"Skyfall\", and \"Writing on the Wall\". \"Skyfall\" went on to win the award in 2013 and \"Writing on the Wall\" won in 2016.", "In 2005, From Russia with Love was adapted by Electronic Arts into a video game, titled James Bond 007: From Russia with Love, which featured all-new voice work by Connery as well as his likeness, and those of several of the film's supporting cast. While making the Bond films, Connery also starred in other acclaimed films such as Alfred Hitchcock's Marnie (1964).", "The Bond Films his most notable, he wrote music for “Goldfinger,” “From Russia with Love,” “Thunderball,” “You Only Live Twice,” “On Her Majesty’s Secret Service,” “Diamonds are Forever,” “The Man with the Golden Gun,” “Moonraker,” “Octopussy,” “A View to a Kill” and “The Living Daylights.”", "The \"James Bond Theme\" was written by Monty Norman and was first orchestrated by the John Barry Orchestra for 1962's Dr. No, although the actual authorship of the music has been a matter of controversy for many years. In 2001, Norman won £30,000 in libel damages from the British paper The Sunday Times, which suggested that Barry was entirely responsible for the composition.", "The film's soundtrack was composed by Marvin Hamlisch, who filled in for veteran John Barry due to his being unavailable for work in the United Kingdom due to tax reasons. The soundtrack, in comparison to other Bond films of the time, is more disco-oriented and included a new disco rendition of the \"James Bond Theme\", titled \"Bond 77\".", "Why It’s #2: It finished laying the foundation started by Dr. No. It’s got the first cold open, the first opening titles adorned with scantily-clad women, the first appearance of Desmond Llewelyn as quartermaster Q, and the first appearance of Bond’s arch-nemesis, Ernst Stavro Blofeld. Beyond its importance to the overall franchise, From Russia with Love is an atmospheric and suave spy film, full of 1960s Cold War intrigue and sensuality. Even as it introduces Bond’s full compliment of gadgets and thrusts him deep into a SPECTRE plot for the first time it still maintains a semblance of reality, and Connery is at his swaggering best. It all adds up to a Bond movie that’s hard not to love.", "In 2005, From Russia with Love was adapted by Electronic Arts into a video game, titled James Bond 007: From Russia with Love . It follows the storyline of the book and film, albeit adding in new scenes, making it more action-oriented.", "She is internationally identified, especially by North American audiences, with the song \"To Sir with Love\" from the film of the same name and with the title song to the James Bond film The Man with the Golden Gun. In European countries, she is also widely known for her Eurovision Song Contest winning entry \"Boom Bang-a-Bang\", and in the UK for her first hit \"Shout\", which was performed at the closing ceremony of the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.", "The track \"Goldeneye (Instrumental)\" from \"Totally...James Bond\" by the Ian Rich Orchestra. Originally performed by Tina Turner.", "The Spy Who Loved Me - the theme song of the James Bond film of the same name - was sung by. Who sang i love how you love me when ever you hold me?" ]

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[ "A study of the spill released by the US Environmental Protection Agency in September 2007 reported that the spill consists of 17 to of petroleum products from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century. The largest portion of these operations were by ExxonMobil or its predecessors. By comparison, the Exxon Valdez oil spill was approximately 11 e6USgal. The study reported that in the early 20th century Standard Oil of New York operated a major refinery in the area where the spill is located. The refinery produced fuel oils, gasoline, kerosene and solvents. Naptha and gas oil, secondary products, were also stored in the refinery area. Standard Oil of New York later became Mobil, a predecessor to Exxon/Mobil. ", "BP is the last oil company on Earth that Salazar and MMS should have allowed to regulate itself. The firm is implicated in each of the worst oil disasters in American history, dating back to the Exxon Valdez in 1989. At the time, BP directed the industry consortium that bungled the cleanup response to Valdez during the fateful early hours of the spill, when the worst of the damage occurred. Vital equipment was buried under snow, no cleanup ship was standing by and no containment barge was available to collect skimmed oil. Exxon, quickly recognizing what still seems to elude the Obama administration, quickly shunted BP aside and took control of the spill.", "In a 1978 helicopter patrol, the US Coast Guard discovered a large plume of oil flowing out of the banks of the creek. Virtually no action was taken until 1990, when the state entered into consent orders with ExxonMobil. Rather than bring the company to justice, the order required only the most rudimentary cleanup, demanded no cleanup benchmark, and failed to order a single penny in penalties. The spill has been oozing under Greenpoint for five decades, destroying the local aquifer, rendering more than 50 acres of land undevelopable, settling under more than 100 homes on three residential blocks, severely contaminating Newtown Creek, and threatening aquatic life harbor-wide.", "A VLCC tanker can carry 2 Moilbbl of crude oil. This is about eight times the amount spilled in the widely known Exxon Valdez incident. In this spill, the ship ran aground and dumped 260000 oilbbl of oil into the ocean in March 1989. Despite efforts of scientists, managers, and volunteers over 400,000 seabirds, about 1,000 sea otters, and immense numbers of fish were killed. Considering the volume of oil carried by sea, however, tanker owners' organisations often argue that the industry's safety record is excellent, with only a tiny fraction of a percentage of oil cargoes carried ever being spilled. The International Association of Independent Tanker Owners has observed that \"accidental oil spills this decade have been at record low levels—one third of the previous decade and one tenth of the 1970s—at a time when oil transported has more than doubled since the mid 1980s.\"", "On March 24, 1989, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker struck Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska and spilled more than 11 e6USgal of crude oil. The Exxon Valdez oil spill was the second largest in U.S. history, and in the aftermath of the Exxon Valdez incident, the U.S. Congress passed the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. An initial award of $5 billion USD punitive was reduced to $507.5 million by the US Supreme Court in June 2008, and distributions of this award have commenced.", "This oil spill has obtained the dubious distinction of being the worst oil spill in US history , surpassing the damage done by the Exxon Valdez tanker that spilled 11 million gallons of oil into the ecologically sensitive Prince William Sound in 1989. It is estimated that over 205 million gallons of oil were released into the Gulf.", "\"Early in the morning on Good Friday, March 24, 1989, the Exxon Valdez struck Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound. The grounding ripped the bottom of the single-hulled vessel, resulting in the rupture of 11 of the vessel’s crude oil tanks and the release of nearly 11 million gallons of crude oil into the environment. It was, and still is, the largest oil spill in United States waters...", "1989: Exxon Valdez crashes in Gulf of Alaska, spills 11 million gallons of crude oil (largest oil spill in U.S. history)", "The Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred in Prince William Sound, Alaska, on Good Friday, March 24, 1989, when Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker bound for Long Beach, California, struck Prince William Sound's Bligh Reef at 12:04 am local time and spilled 11 to of crude oil over the next few days. It is considered to be one of the most devastating human-caused environmental disasters. The Valdez spill was the largest in US waters until the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, in terms of volume released. However, Prince William Sound's remote location, accessible only by helicopter, plane, or boat, made government and industry response efforts difficult and severely taxed existing plans for response. The region is a habitat for salmon, sea otters, seals and seabirds. The oil, originally extracted at the Prudhoe Bay oil field, eventually covered 1300 mi of coastline, and 11000 sqmi of ocean.", "1989/03/24 13 - Oil tanker Exxon Valdez runs aground in Prince William Sound, spilling more than 10 million gallons of oil (March 24). It is the largest oil spill in U.S.", "1989/03/24 14 - Oil tanker Exxon Valdez runs aground in Prince William Sound, spilling more than 10 million gallons of oil (March 24). It is the largest oil spill in U.S.", "On March 24, 1989, the tanker Exxon Valdez, en route from Valdez, Alaska to Los Angeles, California, ran aground on Bligh Reef in  Prince William Sound, Alaska . The vessel was traveling outside normal shipping lanes in an attempt to avoid ice. Within six hours of the grounding, the Exxon Valdez spilled approximately 10.9 million gallons of its 53 million gallon cargo of  Prudhoe Bay crude oil. Eight of the eleven tanks on board were damaged. The oil would eventually impact over 1,100 miles of non-continuous coastline in Alaska, making the Exxon Valdez the largest  oil spill  to date in U.S. waters.", "123 The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the BP oil spill, the Gulf of Mexico... oil spill, the BP oil disaster, or the Macondo blowout) is an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico which flowed for three months in 2010. It is the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry. The spill stemmed from a sea-floor oil gusher that resulted from the April 20, 2010, explosion of Deepwater Horizon, which drilled on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect. The explosion killed...", "On March 24, 1989, the oil tanker Exxon Valdez ran into a reef in the Prince William Sound, spilling 11 million gallons of crude oil along 1,500 miles of coastline. The massive clean-up effort lasted more than 3 years.", "*April 20, 2010 – An explosion on BP's Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig, operating in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Louisiana, left eleven crewmen dead and resulted in a fire that sank the rig and caused a massive oil spill, becoming the worst environmental disaster in U.S. history.", "On March 24, 1989, the tanker Exxon Valdez struck a reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska, spilling 11 million gallons of crude oil into the pristine water. At the time, it was the single biggest spill in U.S. history. In a series of stories, NPR is examining the lasting social and economic impacts of the disaster, as well as the policy, regulation and scientific research that came out of it.", "*Trivia: \"ExxonMobil Corp. has paid $3.2 billion [as of March 2004] for cleanup and fees in the 1989 oil spill in Valdez, Alaska.  A federal judge has ordered the company to pay an additional $7 billion in punitive damages and interest.\" [A.P., 03/25/04]", "1990  - Oil Spill / California - February 7th, 1990: \"An 811-foot tanker, the American Trader, spilled hundreds of thousands of gallons of Alaskan crude oil off the coast of Huntington Beach, California.\"", "On this day in 2012, an explosion and fire aboard the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico, approximately 50 miles off the Louisiana coast, kills 11 people and triggers the largest offshore oil spill in American history. The rig had been in the final phases of drilling an exploratory well for BP, the British oil giant. By the time the well was capped three months later, an estimated 4.9 million barrels (or around 206 million gallons) of crude oil had poured into the Gulf.", "* On March 24, 1989, the oil tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground on Bligh Reef in Alaska's Prince William Sound spilling an estimated equivalent of 260,000 to 750,000 barrels of crude oil. Although not among the largest oil spills in history, its remote and sensitive location made it one of the most devastating ecological disasters ever. The after effects of the spill continue to be felt to this day.", "2010 - An explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil platform, leased by BP, killed 11 workers and began spewing an estimated 200 million gallons of crude into the Gulf of Mexico for nearly three months.", "Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010, also called Gulf of Mexico oil spill of 2010, largest marine oil spill in history, caused by an April 20, 2010, explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig—located in the Gulf of Mexico , approximately 41 miles (66 km) off the coast of Louisiana —and its subsequent sinking on April 22.", "* April 20 – The Deepwater Horizon oil drilling platform explodes in the Gulf of Mexico, killing 11 workers. The resulting Horizon oil spill, one of the largest in history, spreads for several months, damaging the waters and the United States coastline, and prompting international debate and doubt about the practice and procedures of offshore drilling. ", "The Exxon Valdez, which ran aground off the coast of Alaska in 1989, spilled nearly 11 million gallons of oil, less than half as much as the Braer carried. But the Alaska spill is regarded as NTC one of the worst ever because it happened in a sheltered sound rather than along a rocky, storm-tossed coastline exposed to the open sea, and because it involved a much heavier, less soluble variety of crude oil than that carried by the Braer.", "2010 - Oil rig, Deepwater Horizon, sinks to the bottom of the Gulf Of Mexico. The well then created the largest oil spill in US history by constantly gushing oil through the damaged wellhead.", "The Haven tanker caught fire and exploded while anchored off Genoa, Italy on April 11, 1991. The ship split in three parts in the explosions, one part sank straight away and the remaining two sank during towing. Much of the oil was burned at sea but the slick still covered an estimated 12 by 4 kilometer (7.5 by 2.5 miles) three days after the spill. In the end close to 110 kilometers (70 miles) of coastline needed to be cleaned up, even though booms had been rapidly deployed to protect beaches from the slick. In some fishing areas a 43% reduction in fish populations could be noted after the spill.", "January 7 -- PUERTO RICO - The Morris J. Furhman, a barge carrying about 1.5 million gallons of fuel oil, went aground off the northern side of the capital city harbor. 750,000 gallons of heavy fuel oil had been spilled and had spread to cover a six-mile (9.6 km) stretch of shore. Conado Beach, the Conado lagoon and San Juan Bay were all polluted.", "On March 16, 1978, the Amoco Cadiz ran aground on Portsall Rocks, three miles off the coast of Brittany due to failure of the steering mechanism. The vessel had been en route from the Arabian Gulf to Le Havre, France when it encountered stormy weather which contributed to the grounding. The entire cargo of 1,619,048 barrels, spilled into the sea. A slick 18 miles wide and 80 miles long polluted approximately 200 miles of Brittany coastline. Beaches of 76 different Breton communities were oiled. The isolated location of the grounding and rough seas restricted cleanup efforts for the two weeks following the incident. Severe weather resulted in the complete break up of the ship before any oil could be pumped out of the wreck. As mandated in the “Polmar Plan”, the French Navy was responsible for all offshore operations while the Civil Safety Service was responsible for shore cleanup activities. Although the total quantity of collected oil and water reached 100,000 tons, less than 20,000 tons of oil were recovered from this liquid after treatment in refining plants. Keyword: Adverse weather conditions, boom, skimmer, vacuum truck, manual removal, high-pressure hot water washing, sub-surface oil, remote response, BP 1100X, Finasol OSR, BP 1100WD, Finasol OSR-5, chalk, low pressure washing, disposal.", "giant oil tanker; in 1989, ran aground in Alaska's Prince William Sound, spilling more than 10 million gallons of oil. Accident fouled coastal habitats and jeopardized Alaska's fishing industry. ", "1979 - Ixtoc I rig in Gulf of Mexico blows; 3 million bbl of oil spilled", "The Ixtoc I oil well exploded in the Gulf of Mexico in June 1979. The oil drilling platform then caught fire and collapsed, rupturing valves and making it difficult for rescue personnel to control the damage. The spill continued until March 1980.", "The Ixtoc I oil well exploded in the Gulf of Mexico in June 1979. The oil drilling platform then caught fire and collapsed, rupturing valves and making it difficult for rescue personnel to control the damage. The spill continued until March 1980." ]

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[ "Schwarzenegger was born in Thal, Austria (German: Thal bei Graz), a small village bordering the Styrian capital Graz, and was christened Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger.[5] His parents were the local police chief Gustav Schwarzenegger (1907 – 1972), and his wife, Aurelia Jadrny (1922 – 1998). They were married on October 20, 1945 – Gustav was 38, and Aurelia was a 23-year-old widow with a son named Meinhard. According to Schwarzenegger, both of his parents were very strict: \"Back then in Austria it was a very different world, if we did something bad or we disobeyed our parents, the rod was not spared.\" He grew up in a Roman Catholic family who attended church service every Sunday.", "Schwarzenegger was born in Thal, Austria , a town bordering the Styrian capital, Graz , and christened Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger. His parents were the local police chief Gustav Schwarzenegger (1907 – 1972), and his wife, the former Aurelia Jadrny (1922 – 1998), who had been married on October 20 , 1945 , when he was 38 and she was a 23-year-old widow. Arnold had a good relationship with his mother and kept in touch with her until her death. [1]", "Arnold Schwarzenegger was born in a small village in Thal, Austria on July 30, 1947. His full name is Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger, and his parents were Gustav Schwarzenegger and Aurelia Jadmy. His father was a World War II veteran, and the police chief of their town.", "NEW YORK (CNN) -- California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, an immigrant, Tuesday night addressed the Republican National Convention where he spoke of the greatness of America. Schwarzenegger, born in Austria, is a former actor and body builder. Here is a transcript of his remarks:", "Born in Thal, Austria, on July 30, 1947, Arnold Schwarzenegger began body-building as a teenager. He won the first of four “Mr. Universe” body-building championships at the age of 20, and moved to the United States in 1968. He also went on to win a then-record seven “Mr. Olympia” championships, securing his reputation as a body-building legend, and soon began appearing in films. Schwarzenegger first attracted mainstream public attention for a Golden Globe®-winning performance in Stay Hungry (1976) and his appearance in the 1977 documentary Pumping Iron. At the same time, he was working on a B.A. at the University of Wisconsin, from which he graduated in 1979.", "Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian and American former professional bodybuilder, actor, businessman, investor, and politician. Schwarzenegger served two terms as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 until 2011.", "Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger; born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American bodybuilder, actor, businessman, and politician, currently serving as the 38th Governor of the state of California.", "* \"A Day for Arnold\" on July 30, 2007 in Thal, Austria. For his 60th birthday the mayor sent Schwarzenegger the enameled address sign (Thal 145) of the house where Schwarzenegger was born, declaring \"This belongs to him. No one here will ever be assigned that number again\". ", "While his police-chief father wanted him to become a soccer player, Austrian-born actor Arnold Schwarzenegger opted instead for a bodybuilding career. Born July 30, 1947, in the small Austrian town of Graz, Schwarzenegger went on to win several European contests and international titles (including Mr. Olympia) and then came to the U.S. for body-building exhibitions, billing himself immodestly but fairly accurately as \"The Austrian Oak.\" Though his thick Austrian accent and slow speech patterns led some to believe that the Austrian Oak was shy a few leaves, Schwarzenegger was, in fact, a highly motivated and intelligent young man. After graduating from the University of Wisconsin with a degree in business and economics, he invested his contest earnings in real estate and a mail-order bodybuilding equipment company.", "Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (German IPA: [ˌaɐnɔlt aloʏs ˈʃvaɐtsənɛɡɐ]) is an American and Austrian bodybuilder, actor, businessman, and politician, currently serving as the 38th Governor of the state of California.", "Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger is an Austrian-American actor, Republican elected official, bodybuilder, and entrepreneur, at present serving as the 38th Governor of California. Called the Austrian Oak in his bodybuilding years, and lately The Governator and Conan the Republican, or just Ahhnold, Schwarzenegger as a young man got widespread interest as a successful bodybuilder, and afterward achieved international renown as a Hollywood action movie superstar.", "Photo homage to Arnold Schwarzenegger, the Austrian and American professional bodybuilder, actor, businessman, investor, and politician. Schwarzenegger served as the 38th Governor of California from 2003 until 2011. (Photo © Richard Grigonis)", "Creator: Arnold Schwarzenegger. . became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1983), former bodybuilder, and Governator of the state of California from 2003 to 2011, .", "Gustav Schwarzenegger was born in Austria-Hungary, the son of Cecelia (née Hinterleitner) and Karl Schwarzenegger. He married war widow Aurelia Jadrny (29 July 1922 – 2 August 1998) on 5 October 1945, in Mürzsteg, Steiermark, Austria. He died in Weiz, Steiermark, Austria at the age of 65, where he had been transferred as a policeman. He is buried in Weiz Cemetery, Weiz, Steiermark, Austria. Aurelia Jadrny Schwarzenegger died of a heart attack at the age of 76 while visiting Weiz Cemetery in 1998 and she is buried next to her husband.", "Arnold Schwarzenegger , Republican National Convention speech (31 August 2004), as quoted in [ http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/08/31/gop.schwarzenegger.transcript/ \"Schwarzenegger: No country more welcoming than the USA\" (31 August 2004), CNN.", "Austrian-born bodybuilder-turned-actor Arnold Schwarzenegger became governor of California in 2003 in a special recall election, replacing Gray Davis. Gov. Schwarzenegger was reelected in 2006. Jerry Brown was elected governor of California in 2010, an achievement made more remarkable by the fact that he had already been the state's governor from 1975-83.", "Schwarzenegger served in the Austrian army in 1965 to fulfill the one year of service required at the time of all 18-year-old Austrian males. He won the Junior Mr. Europe contest in 1965.[12] Schwarzenegger went AWOL during basic training so that he could take part in the competition and spent a week in an army jail: \"Participating in the competition meant so much to me that I didn't carefully think through the consequences. When I got to Stuttgart, I was all confused. I forgot my posing routine, I had to borrow posing trunks, but still I won!\" Contrary to popular belief, it was not Schwarzenegger's bodybuilding debut, which had occurred two years earlier at a minor contest in Graz, at Steirer Hof Hotel (where he had placed second). He was voted best built man of Europe, which made him famous.", "In 1968, Schwarzenegger moved to the United States. Although he spoke a little English, he was far from fluent. However, he wanted to become an actor. He trained at a gym in California, and became good friends with some individuals throughout Hollywood. He continued competing in bodybuilding contests, and won the Mr. Olympia title in New York seven different times.", "in 1986, action film star Arnold Schwarzenegger currently holds the California governorship, and, of course, former actor Ronald Reagan served two terms as both Governor of California and President of the United States.", "Schwarzenegger went to university in Munich from 1966, studying marketing. In 1968, after winning the Pro Mr. Universe title at age 20, he decamped to America at the invitation of bodybuilding champion Joe Weilder, and sustained a career unmatched in its success, adding Mr. World to his list of titles.", "Schwarzenegger contributed cameo roles to The Rundown (2003), Around the World in 80 DaysThe Kid & I (2005) and took political office in 2003 as the Governor of California, effectively suspending his film career for the foreseeable future. (2004) and Schwarzenegger married TV journalist Maria Shriver in April, 1986 and the couple have four children.October 1997: Ranked #20 in Empire (UK) magazine's \"The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time\" list.Children with Maria Shriver, Katherine Eunice (born December 13, 1989), Christina Maria Aurelia (born July 23, 1991), Patrick Arnold (born September 18, 1993) and Christopher Sargent Shriver (September 27, 1997). April 1997: Underwent heart surgery to correct a congenital heart valve condition.Called by the Guinness Book of World Records, \"the most perfectly developed man in the history of the world.\"Noted fan of cigar smoking.His voice in Hercules in New York (1969) was dubbed.Was part-owner of Planet Hollywood and Schatzi restaurants.Advocate for the Republican party. He reprised his Terminator character for the theme park attraction T2 3-D: Battle Across Time (1996), a short film which uses an enhanced 3-D process that makes the film really appear to jump out at the audience.His production company is Oak Productions.1983: Became a US citizen. His wife Maria Shriver is a niece of the late President John F. Kennedy and Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy.", "Austrian action hero and former Californian governor Arnold Schwarzenegger is back on the big screen. Read what Arnie thinks about being back as the Terminator, how he keeps in such amazing shape and about his great passion for bikes.", "Schwarzenegger took to visiting a gym in Graz, where he also frequented the local movie theaters to see bodybuilding idols such as Reg Park, Steve Reeves, and Johnny Weissmuller on the big screen. When Reeves died in 2000, Schwarzenegger fondly remembered him: \"As a teenager, I grew up with Steve Reeves. His remarkable accomplishments allowed me a sense of what was possible, when others around me didn't always understand my dreams. Steve Reeves has been part of everything I've ever been fortunate enough to achieve.\" In 1961, Schwarzenegger met former Mr. Austria Kurt Marnul, who invited him to train at the gym in Graz. He was so dedicated as a youngster that he broke into the local gym on weekends, when it was usually closed, so that he could train. \"It would make me sick to miss a workout... I knew I couldn't look at myself in the mirror the next morning if I didn't do it.\" When Schwarzenegger was asked about his first movie experience as a boy, he replied: \"I was very young, but I remember my father taking me to the Austrian theaters and seeing some newsreels. The first real movie I saw, that I distinctly remember, was a John Wayne movie.\" ", "In 1965, Schwarzenegger joined the Austrian army. At the time, there was a requirement for one year of service in the army for all eighteen year old Austrian males. During this year, Schwarzenegger left the army during basic training to participate in the Junior Mr. Europe contest of 1965. He won this contest, and thus did not regret the consequence of army jail for a week that followed.", "People in Thal bei Graz celebrated Schwarzenegger's 60th birthday by throwing a party. Officials proclaimed A Day for Arnold on July 30, 2007. Thal 145, the number of the house where Schwarzenegger was born, belonged to Schwarzenegger and nobody will ever be assigned to that number.", "Schwarzenegger was born with a bicuspid aortic valve ; a normal aorta has three leaflets. According to a spokesperson, Schwarzenegger has not used anabolic steroids since 1990 when they were made illegal. [6]", "Arnold Schwarzenegger says if he were a natural-born citizen, he would’ve made a bid for the Republican nomination this year.", "As a boy, Schwarzenegger played many sports, but discovered his passion for bodybuilding when in his mid-teens, his soccer coach took the team for weight training . He attended a gym in Graz, where he also frequented the local cinemas , viewing his idols such as musclemen Reg Park , Steve Reeves , and Johnny Weissmuller on the big screen. He was so dedicated as a youngster that he was known to break into the local gym so that he could train on weekends when it was usually closed.", "Schwarzenegger and his family currently live in their 11,000-square-foot (1 022 m²) home in Brentwood. They used to own a home in the Pacific Palisades. The family owns vacation homes in Sun Valley, Idaho and Hyannis Port, Massachusetts. Schwarzenegger does not have a home in Sacramento. However, whenever he is in the state capital, he lives in the Hyatt Regency hotel suite. The suite costs about $65,000 a year.", "In 1985, Schwarzenegger appeared in Stop the Madness, an anti-drug music video sponsored by the Reagan administration. He first came to wide public notice as a Republican during the 1988 Presidential election, accompanying then-Vice President George H.W. Bush at a campaign rally.", "Schwarzenegger rolled profits from the mail order business and his bodybuilding competition winnings into his first real estate venture: an apartment building he purchased for $10,000. He would go on to invest in a number of real estate holding companies. [15] [16]", "Nicknamed “The Governator,” Schwarzenegger surprised fans when put his action career aside to become the 38th Governor of California from 2003 to 2011. The former Mr. Universe was initially elected to replace Gray Davis after Davis was famously recalled from his position, and was re-elected in 2006." ]

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[ "\" Don't You Want Me \" was originally performed by The Human League in 1981. The song was recorded by Marilyn Manson prior to the release of Lest We Forget – The Best Of sessions, but remains unreleased as-of-yet. The song was recorded as a duet with Shirley Manson , following a depression that left Manson contemplating suicide.", "The Human League are an English electronic new wave band formed in Sheffield in 1977. After signing to Virgin Records in 1979, the band released two albums and a string of singles before attaining immense commercial success with their third album Dare in 1981. The album contained four hit singles, including \"Love Action\", \"Open Your Heart\", and the UK/US number one hit \"Don't You Want Me\". The band received the Brit Award for Best British Breakthrough Act in 1982. Further hits continued throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s, including \"Being Boiled\", \"Mirror Man\", \"Fascination\", \"The Lebanon\", \"Human\" (a US No. 1) and \"Tell Me When\".", "in 1981 - The Human League had their only UK No.1 single with 'Don't You Want Me.' The Christmas hit of 81, the biggest seller of 1981 and Virgin Records first No.1 UK single. The group's singer Phil Oakey disliked the song so much that it was relegated to the last track on their latest album' Dare'.", "Chart hits include Depeche Mode's \"Just Can't Get Enough\" (1981), The Human League's \"Don't You Want Me\" and Giorgio Moroder's \"Flashdance... What a Feeling\" (1983) for Irene Cara. Other notable synthpop groups included New Order, Visage, Japan, Men Without Hats, Ultravox, Spandau Ballet, Culture Club, Eurythmics, Yazoo, Thompson Twins, A Flock of Seagulls, Heaven 17, Erasure, Soft Cell, Blancmange, Pet Shop Boys, Bronski Beat, Kajagoogoo, ABC, Naked Eyes, Devo, and the early work of Tears for Fears and Talk Talk.", "1956, Born on this day, Martyn Ware, Heaven 17, (1983 UK No.2 single 'Temptation'), Human League, (1981 UK No.1 single 'Don't You Want Me' plus over 15 other UK Top 40 singles).", "Chart hits include Depeche Mode's \"Just Can't Get Enough\" (1981), The Human League's \"Don't You Want Me\" and Giorgio Moroder's \"Flashdance... What a Feeling\" (1983) for Irene Cara. Other notable synthpop groups included New Order, Visage, Japan, Men Without Hats, Ultravox, Spandau Ballet, Culture Club, Eurythmics, Yazoo, Thompson Twins, A Flock of Seagulls, Heaven 17, Erasure, Soft Cell, Blancmange, Pet Shop Boys, Bronski Beat, Kajagoogoo, ABC, Naked Eyes, Devo, and the early work of Tears for Fears and Talk Talk. Giorgio Moroder, Howard Jones, Kitaro, Stevie Wonder, Peter Gabriel, Thomas Dolby, Kate Bush, D�nal Lunny, Deadmau5, Frank Zappa and Todd Rundgren, and Owl City all made use of synthesizers.", "Don't You Want Me was number 83 in the chart of which the top 40 was broadcast. It's number 21 position is consistent with the top 10 of the fourth quarter of 1981 as published in Music Week, in which it is number 2 behind Julio Iglesias, who was number 20 in the updated annual chart. It may be that the coldest December of the 20th century, with its widespread snow through mid-December and up to Christmas, kept sales lower than normal for that period.", "\"Don't You Want Me\" was released in the UK on 27 November 1981. To the amazement of the band (and especially Oakey), it entered the UK Singles Chart at No.9 and shot to number one the following week, remaining there over the Christmas period for a total of five weeks. It ultimately became the biggest selling single to be released in 1981, and the fifth biggest selling single of the entire decade. Its success was repeated six months later in the US, with \"Don't You Want Me\" hitting No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks. Billboard magazine ranked it as the sixth-biggest hit of 1982. The single was certified Gold by the RIAA the same year for sales of a million copies. It is notable as the first song featuring the revolutionary Linn LM-1 drum machine to hit No. 1 on the UK charts and also the first LM-1 track to top the Billboard Hot 100. The song was remixed and re-released in 1995, peaking at No. 16 on the UK chart. As of November 2012, \"Don't You Want Me\" is the 23rd best-selling single in the UK with 1.55 million copies sold. On 23 March 2014 the song re-entered the UK Singles Chart at number 19 and debuted at number 1 in the Scottish singles charts thanks to a social media campaign by fans of Aberdeen Football Club. ", "Deborah Ann \"Debbie\" Harry (born July 1, 1945) is an American singer-songwriter and actress, best known as the lead singer of the new wave and punk rock band Blondie. She recorded several worldwide number one singles with Blondie during the 1970s and 1980s. She is sometimes considered the first rapper to chart at number one in the United States due to her work on \"Rapture\". She has also had success (mainly in Europe) as a solo artist before reforming Blondie in the late 1990s. Her acting career spans over 60 film roles and numerous television appearances.", "Billy Joel (born William Martin Joel; May 9, 1949) is an American rock musician, singersongwriter, and classical composer. Since releasing his first hit song, \"Piano Man\", in 1973, Joel has become the sixth best-selling recording artist and the third best-selling solo artist in the United States, according to the RIAA. Joel had Top 10 hits in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s and has 33 Top 40 hits in the United States, all of which he wrote singlehandedly. He is also a six-time Grammy Award winner, a 23-time Grammy nominee and has sold over 100 million records worldwide. He was inducted into the Songwriter's Hall of Fame (1992), the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1999), and the Long Island Music Hall of Fame (2006). Joel \"retired\" from recording pop music in 1993 but continues to tour. Upon seeing The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1964 as a teen, Joel decided to", "William Martin “Billy” Joel (born May 9, 1949) is an US pianist, singer, songwriter and composer. His first hit song was “Piano Man” in 1974 (number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100), and Joel had Top 40 hits in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.  He is a six time Grammy Award winner, a 23 time Grammy nominee and has sold over 150 million records worldwide. Joel’s first song to peak at number 1 in the charts in the 80s was “It’s Still Rock & Roll to Me” on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1980. His other 80’s hit on that chart was “Tell Her About It” in 1983, the same year he enjoyed his only 80s chart number 1 in the UK with “Uptown girl”.", "Ann \"Annie\" Lennox, (born 25 December 1954) is a Scottish singer, songwriter, political activist and philanthropist. After achieving moderate success in the late 1970s as part of the new wave band The Tourists, she and fellow musician David A. Stewart went on to achieve major international success in the 1980s as Eurythmics. With a total of eight Brit Awards, including Best British Female Artist six times, Lennox has won more than any other female artist. She has also been named the \"Brits Champion of Champions\". ", "Paul Francis Gadd (born 8 May 1944), known by the stage name Gary Glitter, is an English former glam rock singer-songwriter and musician who achieved great popular success between the early 1970s and mid-1980s. He was known for his extreme glam image of glitter suits, makeup and platform boots, and his energetic live performances. He sold over 20 million records, spent 168 weeks in the UK charts and had 21 hit singles placing him in the top 100 UK most successful chart acts. From 1997, he returned to public notice for committing sex offences, being imprisoned for possession of child pornography in 1999, and child sexual abuse and attempted rape in 2006 and 2015.", "In 1979, Richard teamed up once again with producer Bruce Welch for the pop hit single \" We Don't Talk Anymore \", written and composed by Alan Tarney , which hit No. 1 in the UK and No. 7 in the US. Bryan Ferry added hummed backing vocals to the song. The record made Richard the first act to reach the Hot 100's top 40 in the 1980s who had also been there in each of the three previous decades. The song was quickly added onto the end of his latest album Rock 'n' Roll Juvenile , which was re-titled We Don't Talk Anymore for its release in the United States. It was his first time at the top of the UK singles chart in over ten years and the song would become his biggest-selling single worldwide, selling almost five million copies throughout the world. [33] Later in 1979, Richard performed with Kate Bush at the London Symphony Orchestra 's 75th anniversary celebration at the Royal Albert Hall . [34]", "During the mid-1980s American pop singer Cyndi Lauper was considered the \"Voice of the MTV Generation of 80s\" and so different visual style that made the world for teens. Her first two albums She's So Unusual (1984) and True Colors (1986) were critically and commercially successful, spawning the hits, \"Girls Just Want to Have Fun\", \"Time After Time\", \"She Bop\", \"All Through the Night\", \"The Goonies 'R' Good Enough\", \"True Colors\" and \"Change of Heart\".", "The Bellamy Brothers are an American pop and country music duo composed of brothers David Milton Bellamy (born September 16, 1950) and Homer Howard Bellamy (born February 2, 1946), both from Darby, Florida, United States. The duo had considerable musical success in the 1970s and 1980s, starting with the release of their crossover hit \"Let Your Love Flow\" in 1976, a Number One single on the Billboard Hot 100. Starting in the late 1970s, the Bellamy Brothers found success in country music as well, charting twenty Number One singles and more than fifty hits overall on the country charts. To date, they have released more than forty albums, primarily on Curb Records. \" Artist Discography \"", "Alpert recorded sporadically through the 1980s. He scored a minor hit in 1982 with \"Route 101,\" and a pair of hits in 1987 with \"Diamonds\" and \"Making Love in the Rain,\" both of which featured vocals from A&M artist Janet Jackson. The following year, he mined a gold single with \"Keep Your Eye on Me.\" Meanwhile, A&M continued to sign and break new artists. They had huge hits with artists as diverse as The Police, Cat Stevens, Peter Frampton, Supertramp, Styx, The Go-Go's, Bryan Adams, and many others.", "American singer Madonna had the biggest-selling album of the year with \"True Blue\". All singles released from it made the top five, including the number 1s \"Papa Don't Preach\", \"True Blue\", and \"La Isla Bonita\" which topped the chart the year after. The biggest-selling single of the year went to The Communards, with a hi-NRG cover of the disco song \"Don't Leave Me This Way\". The band included singer Jimmy Somerville who had previously enjoyed success with Bronski Beat, and later started a solo career.", "Before her hit song “Girls Just Want to Have Fun” came out, Cyndi Lauper was in a group called Blue Angel with John Turi. The band broke up after a record flopped and their manager at the time sued them for $80,000. Lauper was forced into bankruptcy in 1980 but recovered quickly and became an 80’s icon.", "During her solo career, she has worked with Andy Williams, Jack Jones, Dionne Warwick and Liza Minnelli, and has won various accolades including the Carl-Alan Award several times. Her other Polydor singles include \"Who's Sorry Now\", \"Love\", \"Here Comes That Wonderful Feeling\" and \"Mama Don't Wait For Me\". She also released her first solo album Give Me Love in 1975. In 1977, after moving to Pye Records, Paul sang \"If Everybody Loved The Same As You\" in the Song for Europe UK selection, coming joint sixth. She went on to record \"I Don't Believe You Ever Loved Me\", a cover of the Doobie Brothers' \"Echoes of Love\", and a 1980s power-ballad \"Make the Night\". She released a single \"Hold Me\" under the name of Future Primitive with her brother Paul (whose name she took as her stage surname) in 1984. She also headlined at many cabaret clubs including: The Cockney Cabaret, the Talk of London, and the Café Royal.", "\"Don't Stop\" is a song by the British-American group Fleetwood Mac, written by vocalist and keyboard player Christine McVie. Sung by Christine McVie and guitarist Lindsey Buckingham, it was a single taken from the band's 1977 hit album, Rumours. It is one of the band's most enduring hits, peaking at No. 3 on the Billboard singles chart. In the UK market, \"Don't Stop\" followed \"Go Your Own Way\" as the second single from Rumours and peaked at No. 32. In the U.S, it was the third single released, and peaked at No. 3 in October 1977.", "Bruce Thomas was the oldest group member (29 when he joined), with the most professional experience prior to being an Attraction. He had previously been a member of the band Quiver, who had released two albums on their own in 1971/72, as well as functioning as the backing band for several albums by The Sutherland Brothers. These albums were rather awkwardly credited to \"The Sutherland Brothers and Quiver\"; Thomas played on the early recordings credited to this group, including the minor American hit \"(I Don't Want to Love You But) You Got Me Anyway\", which peaked at No. 48 in 1973. He left the group before their biggest success, 1976's \"Arms of Mary\", a No. 5 UK hit and a No. 1 hit in many European countries. Thomas was also a member of Moonrider for their lone album in 1975, and recorded as a session musician for Al Stewart in the early to mid-seventies.", "The first single from the album Storm Front , \"We Didn't Start the Fire,\" was released in September 1989. The song became Joel's third and most recent US #1 hit, spending two weeks at the top; it was also Billboard's next-to-last #1 single of the 1980s.", "In 1979, Alpert staged a major comeback with Rise; not only did the album reach the Top Ten, but the title track topped the singles charts and became the biggest hit of his career. The follow-up, 1980's Beyond, was a Top 40 success, but subsequent efforts like 1982's Fandango and 1985's Wild Romance fared poorly. In 1987, Alpert enjoyed another renaissance with the album Keep Your Eye on Me; the lead single \"Diamonds\" hit the Top Five and featured a guest vocal from Janet Jackson, one of A&M's towering successes of the late '80s.", "1987 saw the release of the double album Kiss Me, Kiss Me, Kiss Me, with the singles \"Hot, Hot, Hot!\" and \"Just Like Heaven\" becoming popular in the US. A world tour following the album's release drew millions into stadiums. The line-up included Simon Gallup, Boris Williams, Roger O'Donnell, Lol Tolhurst, Porl, and Robert Smith.", "The sound of producers Stock Aitken Waterman continued to grow in popularity, as they moved from their previous Hi-NRG sound to one more pop-based. It gave them big hits with girl group Bananarama, with their song \"Love in the First Degree\" becoming their biggest hit ever when it peaked at number 3, and American singer Sinitta with \"Toy Boy\", the successful No.4 followup to the big selling song \"So Macho\" from 1986. They also achieved two number one's, one being girl duo Mel and Kim's \"Respectable\", and created a huge star with the baritone-voiced singer Rick Astley. In 1987 he had a number one album with \"Whenever You Need Somebody\", and several high charting singles including the title track and the biggest selling single of the year, his number 1 breakthrough song \"Never Gonna Give You Up\".", "The singer shot to fame in the 1980s, thanks to a distinctive voice and androgynous image, and Culture Club topped the charts with hits like Karma Chameleon and Do You Really Want to Hurt Me?", "In 1981, the single \"Wired for Sound\" hit No. 4 in the UK and also became Richard's biggest hit in Australia since the early 1960s. To finish the year, \"Daddy's Home\" hit No. 2 in the UK. On the singles chart, Richard was having his most consistent period of top twenty hits since the mid-1960s. He also was amassing a string of top ten albums, including I'm No Hero , Wired for Sound , Now You See Me, Now You Don't , a live album he recorded with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra titled Dressed for the Occasion , and Silver , marking his 25th year in show business in 1983.", "In the meantime, Foreigner began work on the next album at Electric Lady Studios in New York City with producer Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange. 4 (released in July 1981), contained the hits \"Urgent\" (which includes the famous Junior Walker sax solo), \"Waiting for a Girl Like You\", \"Juke Box Hero\" and \"Break it Up\". Before releasing albums of his own, Thomas Dolby played synthesizers on 4 (he contributed the signature synth sound on \"Urgent\" and played the intro to \"Waiting for a Girl Like You\").", "In 1981, the single \"Wired for Sound\" hit No. 4 in the UK and also became Richard's biggest hit in Australia since the early 1960s. To finish the year, \"Daddy's Home\" hit No. 2 in the UK. On the singles chart, Richard was having his most consistent period of top twenty hits since the mid-1960s. He also was amassing a string of top ten albums, including I'm No Hero, Wired for Sound, Now You See Me, Now You Don't, a live album he recorded with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra titled Dressed for the Occasion, and Silver, marking his 25th year in show business in 1983.", "21 Which former lead singer of the Equals had a solo number one hit in 1982 with the song I Don’t Wanna Dance?", "Adult Contemporary \"Beginnings\" (1971), \"Call on Me\" (1974), \"Wishing You Were Here\" (1974), \"If You Leave Me Now\" (1977), \"Hard to Say I'm Sorry\" (1982), \"You're the Inspiration\" (1984), \"Look Away\" (1988), \"Here In My Heart\" (1997)" ]

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[ "Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner. The film was written and directed by Woody Allen, who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah, Michael Caine as her husband, and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters.", "*Hannah and Her Sisters, directed by and starring Woody Allen, with Michael Caine, Mia Farrow, Dianne Wiest, Barbara Hershey", "Hannah and Her Sisters (1986) Starring: Barbara Hershey, Carrie Fisher, Michael Caine - Three Movie Buffs Review", "The movie covers 3 Thanksgivings in the life of a New York City family. Hannah (Mia Farrow) has 2 sisters, Lee (Barbara Hershey) and Holly (Dianne Wiest). Hannah's husband Elliot (Michael Caine) secretly lusts after Lee, while Holly is unlucky in love and goes from job to job, unsure what to do with her life. Hannah provides emotional as well as financial support to her siblings. Lee is at the end of a relationship with an older reclusive cynic played by Max von Sydow. Allen, in a somewhat peripheral story, plays Hannah's hypochondriac ex-husband Mickey. Over the course of the movie he endures a health scare followed by an existential crisis where he explores both Catholicism and Krishna Consciousness.", "Architect David (Sam Waterston), with \"sister\" Holly (Dianne Wiest) and catering partner April (Carrie Fisher), escapes a party for a Manhattan tour, in writer-director Woody Allen's Hannah And Her Sisters, 1986.>", "Opening scene, with the first chapter-heading, at the Thanksgiving party, Elliott (Michael Caine) and the introduction of sisters Lee (Barbara Hershey), Hannah (Mia Farrow) and Holly (Dianne Wiest), in Woody Allen's Hannah And Her Sisters, 1986.", "Lee and Hannah have a third sister, Holly ( Dianne Wiest ). They form parts of a whole. Hannah is the competent, nurturing one. Lee is the emotional, sensuous earth mother. Holly is a bundle of tics and insecurities.", "Hannah and Her Sisters (1986) directed by Woody Allen • Reviews, film + cast • Letterboxd", "In 2009, Gless starred in her first leading role as a lesbian character in the independent film Hannah Free (Ripe Fruit Films), described as a film about a lifelong love affair between an independent spirit and the woman she calls home. The film is based on a screenplay by the Jeff Award-winning playwright Claudia Allen and directed by [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0138238/ Wendy Jo Carlton].", "Kara’s real-life sister, Hannah Tointon , plays her rebellious sister, Violette in a move that sees the sisters acting together for the first time. 26 year old Hannah (represented by Independent Talent) played Katy Fox in Hollyoaks and more recently starred in Switch on ITV2 and BBC's The Hour .", "Throughout its run, the series was led by five (seasons 1; 4) and six (seasons 2–3) primary characters. Its original main characters are Miley Stewart (portrayed by Miley Cyrus), Lilly Truscott (Emily Osment), Oliver Oken (Mitchel Musso), Jackson Stewart (Jason Earles), and Robby Stewart (Billy Ray Cyrus). In the second season, Rico Suave (Moisés Arias), who originally appeared in a supporting capacity during the first season, was integrated into the primary cast. During the fourth and final season, Oken became a supporting character due to Musso's involvement on the television series Pair of Kings, which aired on the sister station Disney XD. ", "Allen admits the role of Hannah was based on Farrow being \"a romanticised perception of Mia. She's very stable, she has eight children now, and she's able to run her career and have good relationships with her sister and her mother. I'm very impressed with those qualities and I thought if she had two unstable sisters it would be interesting.\"", "Sister Hannah, 25, is also an actress, but Kara reckons she's never seen her sibling as a rival. \"I'm very proud of her,\" she says of the Inbetweeners star.", "She also made cameo appearances on the  Disney Channel  as \"Aunt Dolly\" visiting Hannah and her family in the fellow Tennessean  Miley Cyrus 's series  Hannah Montana  (episodes \"Good Golly, Miss Dolly\", 2006, \"I Will Always Loathe You\", 2007, and \"Kiss It All Goodbye\", 2010). The role came about because of her real-life relationship as Cyrus's godmother. She was nominated for an Outstanding Guest Actress in Comedy Series. [58 ]", "Kate Garry Hudson, the daughter of the Oscar-winning actress and her now ex-husband, comedian-musician Bill Hudson, was born on April 19, 1979, in Los Angeles and raised from the age of three by Goldie and the veteran entertainer's longtime partner, Hollywood star Kurt Russell. \"He is my dad,\" she says of the actor, whom she lovingly calls \"Pa\". \"He was always there, for the soccer games, the recitals always.\" Kate is the only daughter of four children in the household, growing up with brother Oliver, two years her senior, Boston, Kurt's son from a previous relationship, and Wyatt, Goldie Hawn 's son with Kurt.", "\"Hannah Montana\" is a live-action comedy series that follows typical teen Miley Stewart, her older brother Jackson, songwriter and manager dad Robby Ray, and her best friend Lilly. Unbeknownst to her friends and classmates, Miley has a secret double life – she is the world famous pop star Hannah Montana. However, in the final chapter of the series, Miley questions whether she really has the best of both worlds and if she can continue with her alter-ego, Hannah Montana, or leave it behind forever to be an ordinary girl.", "Quickly Mary-Charles began booking in print, local, regional, and national commercials and television and film roles were soon to follow. Her first job in that capacity was a recurring role as \"Caitlin Rowan\" in the ABC drama October Road and it began to waterfall from there. Mary-Charles' ability to handle emotional story lines allowed for her to be cast in a heart wrenching episode of ABC's hit series Grey's Anatomy, she had the honor of working with Kevin Spacey in the film Father of Invention, and she was cast to play a young Miley Cyrus in a recurring capacity on Hannah Montana. More recently Mary-Charles was cast in a guest starring role opposite Zooey Deschanel in New Girl.", "Audrey's grandson, David (Jack P. Shepherd) also moves in 2007 after Gail kicks him out. Stephen visits at Christmas to offer David a job in Italy which he accepts but Stephen withdraws the offer after Audrey finds drugs in his drawer at the salon. Jason (Ryan Thomas), Sarah (Tina O'Brien) and her daughter Bethany (Amy & Emily Walton) go instead but after learning that Sarah planted the drugs in David's drawer, he refuses to go so", "Emily Jordan Osment (born March 10, 1992) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter born in Los Angeles, California. After working in several television films in her childhood, she gained fame for co-starring as the character Gerti Giggles in Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams and Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over. She went on to co-star in the Emmy Award-nominated Disney Channel sitcom Hannah Montana as Lilly Truscott as well as the series movie, Hannah Montana: The Movie. She also starred as Cassie in R. L. Stine's: The Haunting Hour Volume One: Don't Think About It and the Disney Channel Original Movie, Dadnapped as Melissa Morris.", "Miley Cyrus - Mini Biography (TV-PG; 2:36) Miley Cyrus, daughter of country star Billy Ray Cyrus, got her start as a child actor and singer in the Disney series \"Hannah Montana.\" She has since shed her innocent image and grown into a pop star in the public eye.", "She will join Carol Baldwin, mother to acting brothers Alec, Billy, Daniel and Steven; Billy Joel's mom Roslind; Natalie Portman's mother Shelley; Ralph Macchio's mom Rosalie and Mariah Carey's mother Patricia.", "Shepard met Academy Award-winning actress Jessica Lange on the set of the film Frances, in which they were both acting. He moved in with her in 1983, and they were together for nearly 30 years; they separated in 2009. They have two children, Hannah Jane (born 1985) and Samuel Walker Shepard (born 1987). In 2003, his eldest son, Jesse, wrote a book of short stories that was published in San Francisco; Shepard appeared with him at a reading to introduce the book. ", "Miley's career as a professional actress began in 2003, when she appeared in an episode of the television series Doc, which also starred her father. The same year, she landed a small role in the Tim Burton film Big Fish. The budding actress had also developed an interest in writing songs and learning to sing, and in 2005 she landed a role that allowed her to put her skills in acting and music to work. Miley was cast in the title role of Hannah Montana, in which she played a teenage girl leading a double life: by day, she's Miley Stewart, an ordinary kid dealing with school, her friends, her siblings, and all the other foibles of life for a 14-year-old, while at night she dons a wig and becomes Hannah Montana, a multi-platinum pop star whose career is guided by her dad, Robby Stewart, a successful songwriter. However, Miley's friends don't know she's also Hannah, and keeping this a secret is no simple matter. Debuting in March 2006, Hannah Montana became an immediate success with young viewers, and in October, a soundtrack CD was released, featuring Miley singing eight songs from the show along with five related tracks (including a duet between Miley and her father, Billy Ray, on \"I Learned from You\").", "Born Destiny Hope Cyrus on November 23, 1992, in Franklin, Tennessee, Miley Cyrus is the daughter of '90s country star Billy Ray Cyrus. (She later changed her name to \"Miley,\" the nickname she was given as a baby for often smiling.) Cyrus grew up on the family farm, near Nashville, Tennessee, with two siblings and three half-siblings. She was passionate about acting at a young age, appearing on her father's television series, Doc, and in Tim Burton's Big Fish (2003).", "Former stepmother of Carrie Fisher , Todd Fisher , Kate Burton , Jessica Burton, Virginia Warner, John Warner Jr., Mary Warner and Julie Fortensky Henderson.", "American actress Joely Fisher best known for her television role as Paige Clark on Ellen, and as Joy Stark in the Fox sitcom Til Death, and as a guest judge recently on RuPaul’s Drag U, and also in films and on stage. Joely Fisher is the daughter of singer Eddie Fisher and actress Connie Stevens, was born in Burbank, California. Joely Fisher’s younger sister is actress Tricia Leigh Fisher, has a half sister, actress Carrie Fisher and a half-brother, Todd Fisher, from her father’s previous marriage to actress Debbie Reynolds. Joely Fisher was at the age of two when her parents divorced, and she was raised by her mother, Connie Stevens. On December 31, 1996, Joely Fisher married cinematographer Christopher Duddy. Together they have three daughters, Skylar Grace,born June 14, 2001, True Harlow, born February 2, 2006 and on September 2008 they adopted a daughter, Olivia Luna. She became a stepmother to Cameron and Collin, Duddy’s two sons from his previous marriage. The family resides in Los Angeles next to Tricia Fisher’s home, with whom Joely is very close. Joely Fisher became an Artist Ambassador for Save the Children in late 2008, and also visited the children as part of the child sponsorship programs in Xai-Xai, Mozambique.", "Apparently, whether they were living in Colorado or L.A., their parents always provided a happy home for Kate, Oliver and their half-brother Wyatt Russell. There’s even a Marshall family connection: Hawn and Russell appeared in the director’s 1987 comedy “Overboard” while Hudson later worked for him in “Raising Helen” (2004).", "Emily Osment After working in several TV films in as a child, Emily gained notoriety in the \"Spy Kids\" movies for her role as Gerti Giggles. She is probably most recognizable as Lilly Truscott in the \"Hannah Montana\" TV show and movie.", "Sarah has a maltipoo named Barkley, and is happily living in the Los Angeles Area. She is the Face of \"Wallflower Jeans\". Sarah's brother, Ian Hyland , is also an actor and, even though most think Ian is her older brother, he is really 4 years her junior. Her father is a stage and film actor based in New York, and her mother is an acting coach to young actors.", "She appears in the Netflix original comedy series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt as the fish-out-of-water lead. She plays a former cult-member/abductee who wants to shed the victim pity of her small hometown and moves to New York. [39] Her performance on this show has been widely acclaimed, and she was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series in 2015 for her performance.", "Morning Trivia: This actress, comedian, writer, and producer, is best known for her work on the NBC's Saturday Night Live. She received acclaim for her impression of former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin, and for creating the series 30 Rock and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt. She's also well known for appearing in films such as Mean Girls (2004), Baby Mama (2008), Date Night (2010), Muppets Most Wanted (2014), and Sisters (2015). Who is she?", "Lindsay's mother, Dina, and siblings, Michael, Ali and Cody, all appear in uncredited cameos at the airport. Michael also appears in the movie as a boy who accidentally winds up at Camp Walden, mistaking it for a boys' camp." ]

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[ "\"Have You Seen Her\" is a song recorded by the soul vocal group, The Chi-Lites, and released on Brunswick Records in 1971. Composed by the lead singer Eugene Record and Barbara Acklin, the song was included on the group's 1971 album (For God's Sake) Give More Power to the People.", "One of the most popular smooth soul groups of the early '70s didn't hail from Philadelphia or Memphis, the two cities known for sweet, string-laden soul. Instead, the Chi-Lites were from Chicago, a town better known for its gritty urban blues and driving R&B. Led by vocalist Eugene Record, the Chi-Lites had a lush, creamy sound distinguished by their four-part harmonies and layered productions. During the early '70s, they racked up 11 Top Ten R&B singles, ranging from the romantic ballads \"Have You Seen Her\" and \"Oh Girl\" to protest songs like \"(For God's Sake) Give More Power to the People\" and \"There Will Never Be Any Peace (Until God Is Seated at the Conference Table).\" All the songs featured Record's warm, pleading tenor and falsetto, and the majority of the group's hits were written by Record, often in collaboration with other songwriters like Barbara Acklin.", "\"Oh Girl\" is a single recorded by the soul vocal group, The Chi-Lites and released on Brunswick Records in 1972. Included on the group's 1972 album A Lonely Man, \"Oh Girl\" centers on a relationship on the verge of break-up. The narrator, portrayed by the song's author Eugene Record, expresses concern that the break-up may prove unbearable for him (\"Oh girl/I'd be in trouble if you left me now/'Cause I don't know where to look for love/I just don't know how\"), while knowing that staying will be no better (\"I could save myself a lot of useless tears/Girl I've got to get away from here\"; \"Better be on my way, I can't stay here\").", "Famous covers '80s UK blue-eyed soul crooner Paul Young had one of his biggest successes taking on \"Oh Girl,\" while MC Hammer cleverly interpreted (not sampled) \"Have You Seen Her\" for his 1990 rap smash of the same name", "The Chi-Lites moved from \"soul superstars\" to simply superstars in 1972, as two group ballads rocketed to the top of the charts and became among the most memorable songs of the decade. \"Have You Seen Her,\" with its sad opening monologue, took the pop world by storm, only to be topped by the forlorn harmonica lead and impeccable harmonies of the group's greatest song, \"Oh Girl.\"", "The Chi-Lites also had a huge hit in 1971 with HAVE YOU SEEN HER. Check out this clip for a PBS special featuring guest artist Eugene Record. Loving the zoot suits!", "Robert \"Squirrel\" Lester Aug. 16, 1942-Jan. 21, 2010 (pictured on the far right) R&B Vocalist. He was a founding member of the music group The Chi-Lites. While attending Chicago's Hyde Park High School, Lester (who previously sang in the group The Chantours) formed the Hi-Lites along with Eugene Record, Marshall Thompson, Creadel Jones and Clarence Johnson. A name dispute with another group resulted in the addition of the letter 'C'. In 1968 they signed with the Brunswick record label and enjoyed their most successful period artistically, benefiting from singer/songwriter Barbara Acklin's (Eugene Record's future wife) contributions. Their first pop chart placing was \"(For God's Sake) Give More Power to the People\" (peaking at number 26 in May 1971), followed by the hits \"Have You Seen Her\", which reached number 3 in the fall of 1971, and the chart topping \"Oh Girl\" in April 1972. In 1975, Record left to pursue a solo career. His departure resulted in the group's decline. A 1980 reunion which included Record met with limited success, however the group continued to record and perform throughout the 1980s and 1990s. They were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2005. Lester maintained his career as a performer until his death from cancer.", "1943 ● Barbara Acklin → R&B/Chicago soul vocalist and songwriter, “Love Makes A Woman” (#15, R&B #3, 1968), co-wrote “Have You Seen Her” for The Chi-Lites (#3, R&B #1, 1971) and MC Hammer (#4, 1990), died from pneumonia on 11/27/1998", "Top 10 hits (UK) \"Have You Seen Her\" (1971), \"Homely Girl\" (1974), \"Too Good to Be Forgotten\" (1974), \"It's Time for Love\" (1975), \"You Don't Have to Go\" (1976)", "* Over thirty years after the original release of \"Oh Girl\", the recording was sampled by the Southern rapper, Paul Wall, for his 2006 single \"Girl\".", "Aretha Franklin - Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. She is known to her fans as the \"Queen of Soul\". Aretha is the second most honored female singer in Grammy history (after Alison Krauss). She has won twenty Grammy Awards, which includes the Living Legend Grammy and the Lifetime Achievement Grammy. Aretha won eight consecutive awards between 1968 and 1975, during which time the category of Best Female R&B Vocal Performance was nicknamed \"The Aretha Award\". By the end of the 1960s Franklin was at her peak as an artist and her hits included Otis Redding's \"Respect\", as well as \"Chain of Fools\" and \"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman\" . She had become an African-American icon during the era's turbulent battles over civil rights for minorities and women. She sang \"God Bless America\" at the 1977 inauguration of President Jimmy Carter and continued to perform and record both soul and gospel music into the 21st century.  ' Artist Discography '", "George Harrison, (25 February 1943 – 29 November 2001) was an English musician and singer-songwriter who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the Beatles. Often referred to as the \"quiet Beatle\", Harrison over time became an admirer of Indian culture and mysticism, introducing it to the other Beatles, as well as to their Western audience.Following the band's break-up, he was a successful solo artist, and later a founding member of the Traveling Wilburys. Among his many accomplishments, Harrison was also a session musician and a film and record producer. He is listed at number 11 in Rolling Stone magazine's list of \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\".", "Ian Anderson and Jeffrey Hammond (of Jethro Tull), David Boyne (of Soft Cell), singer-songwriter Roy Harper, Chris Lowe (of Pet Shop Boys), Nick McCarthy (of Franz Ferdinand), Larry Cassidy (of Section 25), Gary Miller (who had a hit with The Yellow Rose of Texas), Graham Nash (of The Hollies / Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young), Robert Smith (of The Cure) and folk singer Maddy Prior. Victoria Christina Hesketh, better known as her stage name Little Boots, was also born in Blackpool. The conductor David Atherton, co-founder of the London Sinfonietta, was born in Blackpool. Songwriters Christopher Wadsworth and Daniel Leicester of pop/punk outfit Three Quarters (band) were born in Blackpool", "During the 1970s, she was also highly prominent on the pop charts, with Top 10 recordings such as \"The Way We Were\" (US No. 1), \"Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)\" (US No. 1), \"No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)\" (1979, with Donna Summer), which as of 2010 is reportedly still the most commercially successful duet, (US No. 1), \"You Don't Bring Me Flowers\" (with Neil Diamond) (US No. 1) and \"The Main Event\" (US No. 3), some of which came from soundtrack recordings of her films. As the 1970s ended, Streisand was named the most successful female singer in the U.S. — only Elvis Presley and The Beatles had sold more albums. In 1980, she released her best-selling effort to date, the Barry Gibb-produced Guilty. The album contained the hits \"Woman in Love\" (which spent several weeks on top of the pop charts in the fall of 1980), \"Guilty\", and \"What Kind of Fool\".", "In 1975 they scored a big European hit with the song \"Mississippi\". However they had to wait a further year for the single to make the British charts when it climbed to number one in the UK Singles Chart in October 1976. Penned by Theunissen, the septet became the first Dutch act to top the UK chart.[4] It is estimated that \"Mississippi\" sold over five million copies worldwide.", "By 1970, both Parton and Wagoner had grown frustrated by her lack of solo chart success, and Porter had her record  Jimmie Rodgers'  \" Mule Skinner Blues \", a  gimmick  that worked. The record shot to number three on the charts, followed closely, in February 1971, by her first number-one single, \"Joshua.\" For the next two years, she had a number of solo hits – including her signature song \" Coat of Many Colors \" (number four in 1971) – in addition to her duets. Top-twenty singles during this period included \"The Right Combination\", \"Burning the Midnight Oil\" (both duets with Porter Wagoner, 1971), \"Lost Forever in Your Kiss\" (with Wagoner), \" Touch Your Woman  (1972), \" If Teardrops Were Pennies \" (with Wagoner), \" My Tennessee Mountain Home \" and \"Travelin' Man\" (1973). Though her solo singles and the Wagoner duets were successful, her biggest hit of this period would be \" Jolene \". Released in late 1973, the song topped the singles chart in February 1974, and reached the lower regions of Billboard's Hot 100 (it eventually also charted in the UK, reaching No. 7 in 1976, representing Parton's first UK success).", "De Paul recorded the female lyric to  Mott the Hoople 's album track version of \"Roll Away the Stone\", but the female trio  Thunderthighs  appeared on the hit single version of the song. [15] [16]  In 1973, when  Mick Ralphs  left Mott the Hoople, his replacement  Luther Grosvenor  was contractually obliged to change his name – de Paul suggested  Ariel Bender . [17]  After appointing  Don Arden  her new manager at the end of 1973, de Paul released \"Ooh I Do\", which hit the charts in the UK, [13]  Netherlands and Japan. The song's co-writer, Barry Blue, also recorded a version of the song as an album track.", "* \"She's Got You\" was recorded by Loretta Lynn, Dottie West, Lee Ann Womack, LeAnn Rimes, Rhiannon Giddens, and Cat Power. It became a No. 1 hit for Lynn in 1977. Also, a version of the song titled \"He's Got You\" was covered by Ricky Van Shelton in 1990 and in 2004 by Elvis Costello on the album \"Almost Blue\". Jimmy Buffett's cover for his 1994 album Fruitcakes mixed the male and female perspectives into one song.", "King followed Writer in 1971 with Tapestry , which featured new compositions as well as reinterpretations of “Will You Love Me Tomorrow” and “(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman.” The album was recorded concurrently with Taylor’s Mud Slide Slim , with an overlapping set of musicians including King, Danny Kortchmar and Joni Mitchell . Both albums included “ You’ve Got a Friend “, which was a number 1 hit for Taylor; King said in a 1972 interview that she “didn’t write it with James or anybody really specifically in mind. But when James heard it he really liked it and wanted to record it”. [35]", "in 1977 - Gwen Dickey former backing band for The Temptations, went to No.1 on the US singles chart as Rose Royce with 'Car Wash', a No.9 hit in the UK.", "Mainstream success eluded him, so he moved to the United States in the mid-1960s. His first hit was “ A Young Girl ,” an English version of a Charles Aznavour French ballad; it reached No. 51 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1965. He recorded albums that included Beatles and Bob Dylan songs and made television appearances on programs including “The Ed Sullivan Show.”", "Valli scored 29 Top 40 hits with The Four Seasons, one Top 40 hit under The Four Seasons' alias 'The Wonder Who?', and nine Top 40 hits as a solo artist. As a member of The Four Seasons, Valli's number-one hits included \"Sherry\" (1962), \"Big Girls Don't Cry\" (1962), \"Walk Like a Man\" (1963), \"Rag Doll\" (1964) and \"December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night)\" (1975). Valli's recording of the song \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" reached number two in 1967. \"You're Ready Now\", a Valli solo recording from 1966, became a surprise hit in the UK as part of the Northern soul scene and hit number eleven on the British pop charts in December 1970. As a solo artist, Valli scored number-one hits with the songs \"My Eyes Adored You\" (1974) and \"Grease\" (1978).", "1972 - \"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face\" by Roberta Flack was #1 in America", "Carribean act, recorded in Germany, who were major stars in the late 70s.  Best selling single of  1978.", "1974: Barry White reaches No. 1 on the singles chart with \"Can't Get Enough of Your Love Baby.\"", "The She's featured Marilyn Reed, Maureen O'Connor, Cammy Davis, and Pam Thompson. O'Connor, who co-wrote the band's January, 1966 International Artists single \"Ah Gee!! Maurie\" b/w \"The Fool,\" later resurfaced with New Math and is still active in music today. ", "* \"Oh Boy\" was a gender-reversed cover of the song by Renée Geyer released in 1973.", "In 1976, the decision was made to repackage Richard as a \"rock\" artist. That year he produced the landmark album I'm Nearly Famous, which included the successful but controversial guitar-driven track \"Devil Woman\" (Richard's first true hit in the United States) and the ballad \"Miss You Nights\". HP Pavilion dv2-1007au Keyboard", "* \"Mississippi Queen\" is a 1970 song by Mountain about a Cajun woman visiting from Mississippi.", "1948 ● Piet Sweval → Co-founder and bassist for one hit wonder pop-rock Looking Glass, “Brandy (You’re A Fine Girl)” (#1, 1972)", "Early in 1977, the group released their next single, \"Oh Boy (The Mood I'm In)\". The song was a change to their previous hits in that it was female-led and much more in a contemporary pop style. The song was a hit in the UK, reaching the top 10 and fared well in Europe also. The album which had been released in Europe the previous year was now released in the UK with the new single added. The album, now titled Oh Boy!, did not follow their last album into the charts however.", "1972: The Hollies 'Long Cool Woman (In a Black Dress)' b/w '[Look What We've Got' 45 single is released." ]

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[ "Father's Day is a celebration inaugurated in the early twentieth century to complement Mother's Day in celebrating fatherhood and male parenting. It is also celebrated to honor and commemorate our forefathers. Father's Day is celebrated on a variety of dates worldwide and typically involves gift-giving, special dinners to fathers, and family-oriented activities. The first observance of Father's Day is believed to have been held on June 13, 1910 through the efforts of Sonora Smart Dodd of Spokane, Washington. After listening to a church sermon at Spokane's Central Methodist Episcopal Church in 1909 about the newly recognized Mother's Day, Dodd felt strongly that fatherhood needed recognition, as well.[1] She wanted a celebration that honored fathers like her own father, William Smart, a Civil War veteran who was left to raise his family alone when his wife died giving birth to their sixth child.[2]", "Sunday, June 16th is Father’s Day, a day to celebrate the father in your life, husband to a family’s children, companion, and teacher. Father’s Day began as a complimentary celebration to Mother’s Day back in 1910. Father's Day was founded in Spokane Washington by Sonora Dodd to honor her father who was a veteran of the American Civil War who raised six children by himself after the death of Sonora’s mother. She had heard about Mother’s Day in 1909 and decided there should be a similar day to honor the fathers of America, so she began in her local area of Washington State to try and promote it as a holiday. Sonora did not have much success initially. In the 1920s, Dodd stopped promoting the celebration because she was studying in the Art Institute of Chicago. After 1930 she began to push her idea in earnest, finding allies in the business world who saw a holiday for fathers as a new source of revenue.   She had the help of those trade groups that would benefit most from the holiday, for example the manufacturers of ties, tobacco pipes, and any traditional present to fathers. By 1938 she gained the help of the Father's Day Council, founded by the New York Associated Men's Wear Retailers to consolidate and systematize the commercial promotion. Through advertising and awareness, Father’s Day took hold and began to be celebrated in America on the third Sunday in June.", "There are a range of events, which may have inspired the idea of Father's Day. One of these was the start of the Mother's Day tradition in the first decade of the 20th century. Another was a memorial service held in 1908 for a large group of men, many of them fathers, who were killed in a mining accident in Monongah, West Virginia in December 1907.", "The first such “ Father’s Day ” was held in Spokane in 1910, with a number of towns and cities across America later following suit.", "A bill to accord national recognition of the holiday was introduced in Congress in 1913.[4] In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson went to Spokane to speak in a Father's Day celebration and wanted to make it official, but Congress resisted, fearing that it would become commercialized.[2] US President Calvin Coolidge recommended in 1924 that the day be observed by the nation, but stopped short of issuing a national proclamation. Two earlier attempts to formally recognize the holiday had been defeated by Congress.[5] In 1957, Maine Senator Margaret Chase Smith wrote a proposal accusing Congress of ignoring fathers for 40 years while honoring mothers, thus \"[singling] out just one of our two parents\"[5] In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson issued the first presidential proclamation honoring fathers, designating the third Sunday in June as Father's Day.[2] Six years later, the day was made a permanent national holiday when President Richard Nixon signed it into law in 1972.[2][5]", "On June 19, 1910, the governor of the U.S. state of Washington proclaimed the nation’s first “Father’s Day.” However, it was not until 1972, 58 years after President Woodrow Wilson made Mother’s Day official, that the day became a nationwide holiday in the United States.", "Others say it is Grace Golden Clayton, from Fairmont, West Virginia, who should be credited with the concept of Father’s Day, after she suggested a day celebrating fatherhood in 1908.", "Dodd took her Father's Day idea to her pastor Reverend Dr. Conrad Bluhm from the Old Centenary Presbyterian Church (now known as Knox Presbyterian Church), and he fully gave his support. They then approached the Spokane YMCA and the Ministerial Alliance with her idea and both backed her completely. With all their help the first Father's Day was celebrated in 1910.", "Father's Day is held on the third Sunday in June to celebrate and honor fathers. And while the first Mother's Day was celebrated in 1914, when President Woodrow Wilson issued a proclamation making Mother's Day the second Sunday in May, a Father's Day did not become official until 1966. ", "In June of every year, we honor fathers. The first Mother's Day was celebrated in 1914, but a holiday honoring fathers did not become official until 1966, when President Lyndon Johnson declared that the third Sunday in June would be Father's Day. President Richard Nixon made this proclamation permanent in 1972. But this doesn't mean that the holiday was not celebrated before this time.", "Dodd was the first to solicit the idea of having an official Father's Day observance to honor all fathers. Enlisting help from the Spokane Ministerial Association in 1909, she arranged for the celebration of fatherhood in Spokane. On June 19, 1910, young members of the YMCA went to church wearing roses: a red rose to honor a living father, and a white rose to honor a deceased one.[2] Dodd traveled through the city in a horse-drawn carriage, carrying gifts to shut-in[clarification needed] fathers.[2]", "The first unofficial Father’s Day was celebrated in Spokane, WA in 1910. A woman named Sonora Smart Dodd, raised by her widower father was inspired to celebrate her father after hearing a sermon.", "Sonora was inspired by the work of Anna Jarvis, who had pushed for Mother's Day celebrations. Sonora felt that her father deserved recognition for what he had done. The first time Father's Day was held in June was in 1910. Father's Day was officially recognized as a holiday in 1972 by President Nixon.", "President Lyndon Johnson declared that the third Saturday in June would be Father’s Day. In 1972 Richard Nixon made the proclamation an official holiday, however Calvin Coolidge was the first American President to support the concept of a holiday supporting fathers in 1924.", "Twentieth century: Lasting from 1901 to 2000, the 20th century saw a remarkable shift in the way that vast numbers of people lived. The advent of television, birth control, space travel, cellular phones and the Internet came as the result of major technological, medical, social, ideological and political advances. Mass media and telecommunications heralded the spread of American culture across the globe, and through this new connectedness created the image of a \"global village\". The 20th century saw the rise of both modern and post-modern dance, the proliferation of ballet throughout the world and the recognition of world dance as equal to western classical forms.", "Father’s Day (USA). The idea for creating a day for children to honor their father began in Spokane, Washington. A woman named Sonora Smart Dodd thought of the idea for Father’s Day while listening to a Mother’s Day sermon in 1909. Having been raised by her father after her mother’s death, she wanted her father to know how special he was to her. Sonora’s father was born in June, so she chose to hold the first Father’s Day celebration in Spokane, Washington on June, 19, 1910. In 1972, President Richard Nixon established a permanent national observance of Father’s Day to be held on the third Sunday.", "Supposedly, after Senator Smith's infamous words Father's Day was not forgotten in Congress. However, it took until 1966 for the first presidential declaration by President Lyndon B. Johnson, that credited fathers and assigned the third Sunday of June as Father's Day.", "According to a 2008 article by the Philippine News Agency, in 1921 the Ilocos Norte Federation of Women's Clubs asked to declare the first Monday of December as Mother's Day \"to honor these fabulous women who brought forth God’s children into this world.\" In response, Governor-General Charles Yeater issued Circular No. 33 declaring the celebration. In 1937 President Manuel L. Quezon issued Presidential Proclamation No. 213, changing the name of the occasion from \"Mother's Day\" to \"Parent's Day\" to address the complaints that there wasn't a \"Father's Day\". In 1980 President Ferdinand Marcos issued Presidential Proclamation No. 2037 proclaiming the date as both Mother's Day and Father's Day. In 1988 President Corazon Aquino issued Presidential Proclamation No. 266, changing Mother's Day to the second Sunday of May, and Father's Day to the third Sunday of June, discontinuing the traditional date. In 1998 President Joseph Estrada returned both celebrations to the first Monday of December.", "Today, according to my calculations, is the 100th anniversary of Father's Day in the United States. For decades this has meant neckties and golf balls; now it means dainty electronics and sultry perfumes. In any case, the celebration has long struck me as being somehow unmanly or, rather, unmanning. Making a big fuss about Dad and acting like he's this ... (Boston Globe, 6/15/08)", "Different countries celebrate Father's Day on different times of the year. For instance, places like UK, USA and India observe Father's Day on the third Sunday of June every year. However, in Australia, it is celebrated on the first Sunday of September. Moreover, most countries have their unique way of celebrating the festival and often show great diversion from Father's Day celebration in other places. Whatever the time or the nature of the fiesta, the spirit and euphoria of observing Father's Day remains same all over the world. In many countries, this special day not only calls for gift-giving to fathers, but also honoring those men who can be considered as a father figure in our lives. Thus, Father's Day in such places also commemorates grandfathers, uncles, stepfathers, foster fathers and even bullying 'big brothers'.", "Father’s Day is celebrated worldwide to recognize the contribution that fathers and father figures make to the lives of their children. This day celebrates fatherhood and male parenting. Although it is celebrated on a variety of dates worldwide, many countries observe this day on the third Sunday in June.", "In 1908, King Carlos I of Portugal and his son, Prince Luis Filipe , were killed in Terreiro do Paco , Lisbon . 1918, Russia adopted the Gregorian Calendar . 1920, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police began operations. 1924, the United Kingdom recognised the USSR . 1942,  World War II : Josef Terboven , Reichskommissar of German-occupied Norway , appointed  Vidkun Quisling the Minister President of the National Government . Also 1942, World War II: U.S. Navy conducted  Marshalls-Gilberts raids , the first offensive action by the United States against Japanese forces in the Pacific Theater . Also 1942,  Voice of America , the official external radio and television service of the United States government , began broadcasting with programs aimed at areas controlled by the Axis powers . 1946,  Trygve Lie of Norway was picked to be the first United Nations Secretary General . Also 1946, the Parliament of Hungary abolished the monarchy after nine centuries, and proclaimed the Hungarian Republic . 1953,  North Sea flood of 1953 (Dutch, Watersnoodramp, literally \"flood disaster\") was a major flood caused by a heavy storm, that occurred on the night of Saturday, 31 January 1953 and morning of Sunday, 1 February 1953. The floods struck the Netherlands, Belgium, England and Scotland. 1957,  Felix Wankel 's first working prototype (DKM 54) of the Wankel engine ran at the NSU research and development department Versuchsabteilung TX in Germany", "In 1912 Anna Jarvis trademarked the phrases \"second Sunday in May\" and \"Mother's Day\", and created the Mother's Day International Association. [11] She specifically noted that \"Mother's\" should \"be a singular possessive, for each family to honor its own mother, not a plural possessive commemorating all mothers in the world.\" [12] This is also the spelling used by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in his 1914 presidential proclamation, by the U.S. Congress in relevant bills, [13] [14] and by various U.S. presidents in their proclamations concerning Mother's Day. [15]", "Father's Day in Canada is celebrated with great gusto and fanfare and the revelry is usually never short of fun, feast and merry-making. Commemorated on the third Sunday of June, Father's Day in Canada is dedicated to all the fathers and father figures including stepfathers, fathers-in-law, foster parents and family friends.", "Gen. Dwight D.  Eisenhower  inaugurated president of United States (Jan. 20).  Stalin  dies (March 5).  Malenkov  becomes Soviet premier;  Beria , minister of interior;  Molotov , foreign minister (March 6).  Dag Hammarskjöld  begins term as UN secretary-general (April 10). James  Watson  and Francis  Crick  publish their discovery of the molecular model of  DNA  (April–May). Edmund  Hillary  of New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay of Nepal reach top of  Mt. Everest  (May 29). East Berliners rise against Communist rule; quelled by tanks (June 17).  Egypt  becomes republic ruled by military junta (June 18). Julius and Ethel  Rosenberg  executed in Sing Sing prison (June 19). Korean armistice signed (July 27). Moscow announces explosion of  hydrogen bomb  (Aug. 20).  Tito  becomes president of Yugoslavia. James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin discover structure of DNA. Ernest  Hemingway  wins Pulitzer for The Old Man and the Sea.", "Some families celebrate Father's Day by planning an outing or weekend trip, perhaps just for the male members of the family. This may be a simple walk in the countryside or a whole planned \"experience\". Popular Father's Day experiences include driving a fire engine, rally car, tank or even airplane or taking a golf, football or cricket lesson with a celebrity coach. Other families organize a special meal at home or in a pub or restaurant. A common Father's Day meal is a traditional roast dinner with meat, stuffing, potatoes and vegetables, which can be eaten in a pub and accompanied by pints of ale or lager.", "1939 (coincidentally the date on which Mother's Day was celebrated that year). Lina's father was temporarily jailed on suspicion of incest, but he was released for a lack of evidence and authorities were never able to determine who fathered Lina's child.", "* August 27 – Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, British Viceroy of India (assassinated) (b. 1900)", "It's Father's Day 2016: How did it begin and where in the world is it celebrated?", "* May 22 – Betty Williams, Northern Irish political activist, co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize", "* July 30 – Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin, Irish president of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1999)", "27 May – Harold Wilson's Resignation Honours List is published. It controversially awards honours to many wealthy businessmen, and comes to be known satirically as the \"Lavender List\"." ]

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[ "In “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds”, by The Beatles, the lyrics are “the girl with kaleidoscope eyes”, and I hear the medically inclined: “the girl with colitis goes by” – go listen to it!", "<b>Actual Lyric:</b> The girl with kaleidoscope eyes <p></p><b>Song:</b> Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds</p> <p><b>Artist:</b> The Beatles</p> <p><strong><a href=\"http://www.iheart.com/artist/bon-jovi-39361/songs/misunderstood-805548/?campid=content_listen_text\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to \"Misunderstood\" Radio on iHeartRadio</a></strong></p> <p><span style=\"font-size: 9px;\">Photo: Getty Images for iHeartRadio</span>", "Then it was Lennon’s turn to lay down one of the world’s most famous songs. Some interesting reverberating lead guitar opens Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds, before the uncannily powerful bass provides support for the opening lyrics, backed by great drumming. “Picture yourself in a boat on a river, / With tangerine trees and marmalade skies / Somebody calls you, you answer quite slowly, / A girl with kaleidoscope eyes.” Then Lennon’s voice assumes a distant quality: “Cellophane flowers of yellow and green, / Towering over your head. / Look for the girl with the sun in her eyes, / And she’s gone.” Then the chorus, or refrain, kicks in: “Lucy in the sky with diamonds / Lucy in the sky with diamonds / Lucy in the sky with diamonds / Ah... Ah...” The hippie era had arrived. For us. This song was about being hip. It was about bright colours and patterns, long hair and a laid-back life where you didn’t have to work and everything you wanted grew on trees. “Follow her down to a bridge by a fountain / Where rocking horse people eat marshmallow pies, / Everyone smiles as you drift past the flowers, / That grow so incredibly high.” Finally, someone had arrived to compete with Dylan as a songwriter. And it’s strange how imagery stays with you. In the next verse the reference to newspaper taxis came home to me when, in 1990, I arrived in", "The title \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\" is a reference to LSD. Though its imagery of \"plasticine porters\" and \"kaleidoscope eyes\" owes a lot to drugs (as well as John Lennon's fondness for Lewis Carroll-esque absurdity), the song was inspired by a drawing made by Lennon's son, Julian.", "lucy vodden (\"lucy\" in \"the beatles\" classic \"lucy in the sky with diamonds\"...she really did exist!  she was a childhood friend of \"john lennon's\" son julian, who drew a picture at school and brought it home to his famous father and told him it was \"lucy (his friend at school) in the sky with diamonds!\") (2009)", "Paul McCartney is perhaps best known as the group's romantic balladeer. Beginning with \" Yesterday \" (1965), he pioneered a modern form of art song , exemplified by \" Eleanor Rigby \" (1966), \" Here, There and Everywhere \" (1966) and \" She's Leaving Home \" (1967). Meanwhile McCartney kept his affection for the driving R&B of Little Richard in a series of songs Lennon dubbed \"potboilers\", from \" I Saw Her Standing There \" (1963) to \" Lady Madonna \" (1968). \" Helter Skelter \" (1968), arguably an early heavy metal song, is also a McCartney composition.", "At the nearby Iron Door club, she also sang with the still-unknown Beatles, courtesy of John Lennon who called her “Cyril”. In early 1962 Lennon introduced her to the Beatles’ new manager, Brian Epstein, who rejected her after she underwent an impromptu audition in the middle of a Beatles show at the Majestic ballroom in Birkenhead; she sang Gershwin’s Summertime but it was not in her key. ", "Interestingly, this song seems to reference at least three other Beatles songs. \"See how they run\" (Lady Madonna), \"Lucy in the Sky\" (Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds) and \"Waiting for the sun\" (Here comes the Sun.) Even more interestingly, two of these songs weren't released until AFTER I am the Walrus...James - London, United Kingdom", "It wasn’t long before Cilla came to the attention of Brian Epstein, a local talent scout and manager of The Beatles. Epstein was introduced to her by none other than John Lennon, who persuaded him to arrange an audition at The Majestic Ballroom in Birkenhead. Unfortunately, the audition was unsuccessful due to a combination of nerves and singing to The Beatles’ accompaniment, who played in their own key. All was not lost as, to her surprise, she was later spotted by Epstein while singing “Bye, Bye Blackbird” in the jazzy surroundings of the Blue Angel club. This performance finally convinced him to sign her, so on the 6th September 1963, she became his only female vocalist!", "In July 1960, the British Sunday newspaper The People ran an article entitled \"The Beatnik Horror\" that featured a photograph taken in the flat below Sutcliffe's of a teenaged Lennon lying on the floor. Allan Williams had set up the photograph, subsequently taking over from Sutcliffe to book concerts for \" The Silver Beatles \", as they were then known — Lennon, McCartney, Harrison, and Sutcliffe. The Beatles' subsequent name change came from an afternoon in the Renshaw Hall bar when Sutcliffe, Lennon, and Cynthia Powell thought up names similar to Buddy Holly's band, The Crickets, and came up with The Beatals. Lennon later changed the name to \"The Beatles\" because he thought it sounded French and suggested Le Beat or Beat-less.", "\"I Saw Her Standing There\" is a song written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon, and is the opening track on The Beatles' debut album, Please Please Me, released in the United Kingdom by Parlophone on 22 March 1963.", "\"I Saw Her Standing There\" is a song written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon, and is the opening track on the Beatles' debut album, Please Please Me, released in the United Kingdom by Parlophone on 22 March 1963.", "Inspired by a painting by his almost four-year-old son Julian, who gave his work of art the same title, 'Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds' swiftly evolved into a kind of Lennon musical vision of Alice In Wonderland. The basic track, overdubs and mixing were all effected at different speeds giving the song an ethereal quality in keeping with the imaginative lyrics. Recording commenced in studio two at Abbey Road on March 1 1967. Album version mixed from take eight. Writer: John. Lead vocal: John. Producer: George Martin. Recording engineer: Geoff Emerick. Second engineer: Richard Lush.", "The Beatles had grown tired of performing live and had stopped touring in August 1966. After the stress of their final American tour, in particular the postponed Cincinnati concert, the four of themâincluding Paul McCartney, who was perhaps the most in favour of continuing to tourâdecided that it was enough. They took two months break, and individually got involved in their own interests. George Harrison, the lead guitarist, travelled to India to continue to develop his sitar playing at the invitation of Ravi Shankar, returning with a little more Indian culture and music. McCartney, with the assistance of producer/arranger George Martin, wrote the music for the film The Family Way, getting an Ivor Novello award the following year for best film song for the track \"Love in the Open Air\". John Lennon acted in How I Won the War, and attended art galleries, where he met his later wife Yoko Ono. Ringo Starr spent more time with his wife and children. In November, during a flight back from a holiday in Kenya with his girlfriend Jane Asher and tour manager Mal Evans, McCartney had the first idea for the concept of an alternative Beatles band that would become the Sgt Pepper's Lonely Heart's Club band.", "The Kinks' beautifully reflective, bittersweet hit Waterloo Sunset is rumoured to be based on the relationship between Terence Stamp and Julie Christie (partly due to the lyrics \"Terry meets Julie, Waterloo Station, every Friday night\"). In fact, Ray Davies claimed the song was originally called Liverpool Sunset in homage to his warm memories of live shows there, but the title was changed to make the song specifically about the time that Davies spent in St Thomas' Hospital when he had a tracheotomy at 13, and the aspirations of the generation that grew up after the Second World War. Charlotte Runcie", "Dot Rhone was said to have been Paul McCartney's first serious girlfriend. At the height of the Beatles' career which started in their hometown Liverpool,England and the band's overseas gigs in Hamburg,Germany.", "Image caption In 1968 Cynthia joined The Beatles and their partners at Rishikesh in India for a meeting with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi", "Kaleidoscope Eyes reveals the Beatles at the height of their creative powers, recording the body of work many would hail as the greatest album of all time. Don't miss the opportunity to own this historic collection of photos in its entirety. It is destined to become a treasured collector's item.", "In 1974, a collaboration with John Lennon took place, resulting in Lennon appearing on Elton John's single cover of the Beatles' \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\", the B-side of which was Lennon's \"One Day at a Time.\" In return, John was featured on \"Whatever Gets You thru the Night\" on Lennon's Walls and Bridges album. Later that year in what would be Lennon's last major live performance, the pair performed these two number 1 hits along with the Beatles classic \"I Saw Her Standing There\" at Madison Square Garden in New York. Lennon made the rare stage appearance with John and his band to keep the promise he made that he would appear on stage with him if \"Whatever Gets You Thru The Night\" became a US number one single. ", "\"Yesterday\" is a melancholy acoustic guitar ballad about the break-up of a relationship. McCartney is the only Beatle to appear on the recording, and it was the first official recording by the Beatles that relied upon a performance by a single member of the band. He was accompanied by a string quartet. The final recording was so different from other works by the Beatles that the band members vetoed the release of the song as a single in the United Kingdom. (However, it was issued as a single there in 1976.) In 2000 McCartney asked Yoko Ono if she would agree to change the credit on the song to read \"McCartney–Lennon\" in the The Beatles Anthology, but she refused.", "Filed Under: beatles , eleanor rigby , George Harrison , John Lennon , Paul McCartney , Ringo Starr , Rock N Roll Diary Extra , Rock N' Roll Diary , The Beatles", "Before she was sixteen years old, Shapiro had been voted Britain's \"Top Female Singer\". The Beatles first national tour of Britain, in the late winter/early spring of 1963, was as one of her supporting acts. During the course of the tour, the Beatles had their first hit single and John Lennon and Paul McCartney wrote the song \"Misery\" for her, but Shapiro did not record the composition. In 1995, during a This is Your Life highlighting her life and career, Shapiro revealed, \"It was actually turned down on my behalf before I ever heard it, actually. I never got to hear it or give an opinion. It's a shame, really.\" Shapiro lip-synched her then-current single, \"Look Who It Is\", on the British television programme Ready Steady Go! with three of the Beatles (John Lennon, Ringo Starr and George Harrison).", "A fine Paul McCartney song, with a little lyrical help from John Lennon. Like Lucy In The Sky with Diamonds', the recording includes a tamboura played by George Harrison. Recording commenced in studio two at Abbey Road on March 9 1967. Album version mixed from take 15. Writer: Paul. Lead vocal: Paul. Producer: George Martin.", "Image caption Cynthia met John Lennon at art college and witnessed The Beatles' rise to global fame", "At the age of fifteen, McCartney met Lennon and his band, the Quarrymen, at the St Peter’s Church Hall fête in Woolton on 6 July 1957. [21] The Quarrymen played a mix of rock and roll and skiffle , a type of popular music with jazz , blues and folk influences. [22] The band invited McCartney to join soon afterwards as a rhythm guitarist, and he formed a close working relationship with Lennon. Harrison joined in 1958 as lead guitarist, followed by Lennon’s art school friend Stuart Sutcliffe on bass, in 1960. [23] By May 1960 the band had tried several names, including Beatals, Johnny and the Moondogs and the Silver Beetles. [24] They adopted the name the Beatles in August 1960 and recruited drummer Pete Best shortly before a five-engagement residency in Hamburg . [25]", "On this day—Aug. 8, 1969, photographer Iain Macmillan took the photograph in London that would become the iconic cover of the Beatles album Abbey Road. The image, of the four Beatles walking across a zebra crossing, was based on sketches done by Paul McCartney. It was taken at 11:30 .a.m outside the EMI studios on Abbey Road, and Macmillan had only 10 minutes to take the photo while a policeman held up traffic. In addition to the Beatles themselves, the cover also features an American tourist who was passing by unaware at the time the photo was taken. He did not realize that he was featured in the cover until he saw it months later.", "Lennon stuck with the story of the song’s origin until his dying day, long past the point when anybody cared if he was winking at the audience with the title. And regardless of the title’s beginnings, the lyrics themselves were unmistakably about acid. Lennon later said that at this point in time he was taking LSD “like candy”. George and Ringo were also enthusiastic takers and McCartney was starting to dabble in the drug, though his drug of choice was always pot. “Newspaper taxis”, “tangerine trees and marmalade skies”, “rocking horse people” eating “marshmallow pies”…it’s all a trip in a psychedelic wonderland, led by your tour guide John Winston Lennon. McCartney’s bass is amazing throughout and Ringo’s pounding that leads into the chorus tether Lennon to the earth even as his phased and echoed vocal takes him higher and higher.", "The English pop artist, 79, is best known for designing the 1967 Beatles cover, a colourful collage of life-sized cardboard models of famous faces together with the Fab Four.", "A fine Lennon song which benefits greatly from a superbly atmospheric studio recording and the simple innovation of chopped up and randomly reassembled recording tape. The lyric is derived almost entirely from an antique poster advertising a circus which took place at the Town Meadows, Rochdale, on Tuesday 14 February 1843. Recording commenced in studio two at Abbey Road on February 17 1967. Album version mixed from take nine. Writer: John. Lead vocal: John. Producer: George Martin.", "Probably one of the first “concept albums” – it later formed the basis for the great Yellow Submarine animated movie – the album became famous even before anyone heard it, thanks to its incredible Pop Art cover. Among the many celebrities featured are two versions of the Beatles themselves. The old Beatles of the straight rock and roll era, and the new Beatles who would increasingly branch out and explore the furthest reaches of the psyche as they travelled across the musical universe.", "I have a beautiful book by the German photographer Astrid Kirchherr. She is the photographer who took those wonderfully sophisticated photographs of the Beatles when they were all very young and hanging out together in Hamburg, Germany. She loved styling the boys and girls … she created the Beatle haircut and would dress everyone in thin black slacks and turtle necks. She was so ahead of her time.", "Did she have an affair with any of the Beatles? She spent some time in India with them ?" ]

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[ "Will Rogers World Airport , aka Will Rogers Airport or simply Will Rogers, is a United States passenger airport in Oklahoma City located about 6 miles (8 km) Southwest of downtown. It is a civil-military airport on 8,081 acres of land (3,270 ha) and is the primary commercial airport of the state. Although the official IATA airport codes for Will Rogers World Airport are OKC and KOKC, it should be noted that local officials, citizens, and media organizations commonly refer to it as \"WRWA\" or \"Will Rogers\".", "Many a place is named after him, including the Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and the submarine USS Will Rogers. Will Rogers` home, stables, and polo fields are today the Will Rogers State Park in Pacific Palisades, California. Rogers` birthplace, on land overlooking his original ranch now covered by the reservoir Lake Oologahis, is open to the public.", "Major state expressways through the city include Lake Hefner Parkway (SH-74), the Kilpatrick Turnpike, Airport Road (SH-152), and Broadway Extension (US-77) which continues from I-235 connecting Central Oklahoma City to Edmond. Lake Hefner Parkway runs through northwest Oklahoma City, while Airport Road runs through southwest Oklahoma City and leads to Will Rogers World Airport. The Kilpatrick Turnpike loops around north and west Oklahoma City.", "1997: A Delta Air Lines flight from Tucson, Arizona, to Washington, DC, was forced to land at Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma when someone made a hoax bomb threat. The passengers were taken off the plane and questioned while bomb-sniffing dogs checked their luggage. No bomb was found.", "Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City was named for him, as was the Will Rogers Turnpike, also known as the section of Interstate 44 between Tulsa and Joplin, Missouri. Near Vinita, Oklahoma, a statue of Rogers stands outside the west anchor of the McDonald's that spans both lanes of the interstate. A recent expansion and renovation of the Will Rogers World Airport includes a statue of Will Rogers on horseback in front of the terminal.", "This page provides all the information you need to know about Will Rogers World Airport, United States. This page is created with the aim of helping travelers and tourists visiting United States or traveling to Oklahoma City Airport.", "Will Rogers World Airport is used by military flights of the Oklahoma Air National Guard at Will Rogers Air National Guard Base.", "Great Plains Airlines, a regional airline based in Tulsa, made Will Rogers World Airport a hub in 2001, with non-stop flights to Tulsa, Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Colorado Springs, Colorado and direct or connecting flights to Nashville, Tennessee, Saint Louis, Chicago, and Washington. The airline had hoped to reach additional East and West coast markets but declared bankruptcy and ceased operations on January 23, 2004.", "Rogers Municipal Airport, also known as Carter Field, is home to Wal-Mart's air fleet. All commercial aviation, however, goes through the Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport (XNA), located about 15 miles west of Rogers in Highfill, Arkansas.", "The Barrow, Alaska airport (BRW), located about 16 miles (26 km) from the location of their fatal airplane crash, is known as the Wiley Post–Will Rogers Memorial Airport.", "Norman is served locally by Max Westheimer Airport, a general aviation airport run by the University of Oklahoma. The airport is one of only two airports in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area designated as a reliever airport to Will Rogers World Airport. Max Westheimer Airport is capable of handling aircraft up through and including executive class jet aircraft. ", "U.S. Route 66 (US 66 or Route 66), also known as the Will Rogers Highway and colloquially known as the Main Street of America or the Mother Road, was one of the original highways within the U.S. Highway System. Route 66 was established on November 11, 1926—with road signs erected the following year. The highway, which became one of the most famous roads in America, originally ran from Chicago, Illinois, through Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas,New Mexico, and Arizona before ending at Los Angeles, California, covering a total of 2,448 miles (3,940 km). It was recognized in popular culture by both a hit song and the Route 66 television show in the 1960s.", "In Claremore, Oklahoma, a statue honors a famous American, Will Rogers.  Will Rogers was born in Claremore.  He became a popular actor, radio broadcaster and newspaper writer in the 1920s and 30s.", "After the war, Port Columbus Airport became the axis of a coordinated rail-to-air transcontinental system that moved passengers from the East Coast to the West. TAT, which later became TWA, provided commercial service, following Charles Lindbergh's promotion of Columbus to the nation for such a hub. Following the failure of a bond levy in 1927 to build the airport, Lindbergh personally campaigned in the city in 1928, and the next bond levy passed that year. On July 8, 1929 the airport opened for business with the inaugural TAT west-bound flight from Columbus to Waynoka, Oklahoma. Among the 19 passengers on that flight was Amelia Earhart, with Henry Ford and Harvey Firestone attending the opening ceremonies.", "On February 6, 1998, President Bill Clinton signed legislation changing the airport's name from Washington National Airport to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, to honor the former president on his 87th birthday. The legislation, passed by Congress in 1998, was drafted against the wishes of MWAA officials and political leaders in Northern Virginia and Washington, D.C. Opponents of the renaming argued that a large federal office building had already been named for Reagan (the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center) and that the airport was already named for a United States President (George Washington). The bill expressly stated that it did not require the expenditure of any funds to accomplish the name change; however, state, regional, and federal authorities were later required to change highway and transit signs at their own additional expense as new signs were made.", "Tulsa is home to the largest airline maintenance base in the world, which serves as the global maintenance and engineering headquarters for American Airlines. In total, aerospace accounts for more than 10 percent of Oklahoma's industrial output, and it is one of the top 10 states in aerospace engine manufacturing. Because of its position in the center of the United States, Oklahoma is also among the top states for logistic centers, and a major contributor to weather-related research.", "And there's the Wiley Post-Will Rogers Memorial, the two gents after whom the airport is also named. Rogers, the legendary part-Cherokee cowboy, performer, social commentator, film actor and wit, and Post, the first solo pilot to fly around the world, died when their plane crashed into a lagoon at Point Barrow in 1935.", "Rogers is located in the northwest portion of the state in the Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers Metropolitan Area, which is one of the fastest growing areas in the nation and is ranked 109th in terms of population in the United States with 465,776 in 2010 according to the United States Census Bureau.", "Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport in Wichita, Kansas. The FAA changed the name in 2014 so it would be included in new 2015 maps, and the official dedication occurred in April 2015. ", "*Chicago Rockford International Airport in Rockford, which supports scheduled airline service to Denver, Cancun, Punta Cana, West Palm Beach, Punta Gorda, Las Vegas, Orlando-Sanford, Phoenix/Mesa, and St. Petersburg/Clearwater. Rockford officials are positioning the airport to attract customers from Chicago's western suburbs.", "Adams Field is named after Captain George Geyer Adams, 154th Observation Squadron, Arkansas National Guard, who was killed in the line of duty on September 4, 1937. He was a strong advocate for the airport, and also a Little Rock city councilor.", "Clinton National Airport (IATA: LIT, ICAO: KLIT, FAA LID: LIT), officially Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport/Adams Field, is located 2 miles (3 km) east of the central business district of Little Rock, a city in Pulaski County, Arkansas, United States. It is Arkansas's largest commercial service airport, serving more than 2.1 million passengers in the year measured from March 2009 through February 2010. The airport attracts passengers from a large part of Arkansas as well as a number of surrounding states.", "Young Wiley's first view of an aircraft in flight came in 1913 at the county fair in Lawton, Oklahoma. The plane was a Curtiss-Wright \"Pusher type\". The event so inspired him that he immediately enrolled in the Sweeney Automobile and Aviation School in Kansas City. Seven months later, he returned to Oklahoma and went to work at the Chickasaw and Lawton Construction Company.", "On June 28, 2016, the Columbus, Ohio airport was officially renamed the John Glenn Columbus International Airport. Just before his 95th birthday, Glenn and his wife Annie attended the ceremony, and he spoke eloquently about how visiting that airport as a child inspired his interest in flying. ", "During World War II Will Rogers Field was a major training facility for the United States Army Air Forces; many fighter and bomber units were activated and received initial training there.", "Address and contact details of Will Rogers World Airport along with website address of the airport", "Guymon Municipal Airport is a city-owned, public-use airport located two nautical miles (3.7 km) west of the central business district of City of Guymon in Texas County.", "At the time of its construction, the airport held claim of having the third longest runway in the United States. From 1942 to 1945 the airport and surrounding 50,078-acre Southwestern Proving Ground were used by the U.S. Army to test small arms ammunition, 20 to 155 mm projectiles, mortars, rockets, grenades, and up to 500-pound bombs. The City of Hope received the airport facility in 1947.", "\"Alliance\" refers to the public-private partnership of the three entities responsible for designing and developing Fort Worth Airport: the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the city of Fort Worth, and Ross Perot Jr.'s company, Hillwood. It is the world's first 100 percent industrial airport—used for civil and military cargo, commercial, corporate, and other noncommercial flights. Situated on 485 hectares (1,198 acres), the airport's runway can accommodate the world's largest cargo planes. Albert Halff Associates designed the control tower, which was built in 1992. The cone-shaped feature, reminiscent of a bird's beak, hides the tower's microwave signal relay equipment.", "Anderson Field was the first airport to serve Las Vegas, opening in November 1920. Purchased by the Rockwell brothers in 1925, the airfield was renamed Rockwell Field, and Western Air Express (WAE) introduced commercial air service in April 1926. When the brothers sold Rockwell Field and the new owner canceled WAE's lease, the airline had to look for another airport. Local businessman P. A. Simon had built an airfield northeast of the city, to which WAE relocated in November 1929.", "Cannon International Airport was, until 1994, the name of the airport that serves which US city?", "© Copyright 2017, Airport-Little-Rock.com (this is an information website and is not affiliated with Clinton National Airport)" ]

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[ "Writer Edgar Allan Poe was expelled from West Point Military Academy for showing up for a public parade wearing only a white belt and gloves.", "Author Edgar Allan Poe was expelled from West Point Military Academy for showing up for a public parade wearing only a white belt and gloves.", "What writer was expelled from West Point for showing up for a public parade wearing only a white belt and gloves?", "What famous American poet was a West Point cadet for two weeks, but was forced to leave after failing artithmetic and grammar?", "The United States Military Academy, also known as West Point, or simply USMA (or Army, for NCAA purposes), is a United States Army fort and military academy. Established in 1802, it is the oldest military academy in the United States. Students are referred to as cadets. Collectively, graduates are known as \"The Long Gray Line\" because of the color of cadet uniforms and the unbroken line of West Point graduates.", "McChrystal wound up ranking 298 out of a class of 855, a serious underachievement for a man widely regarded as brilliant. His most compelling work was extracurricular: As managing editor of The Pointer, the West Point literary magazine, McChrystal wrote seven short stories that eerily foreshadow many of the issues he would confront in his career. In one tale, a fictional officer complains about the difficulty of training foreign troops to fight; in another, a 19-year-old soldier kills a boy he mistakes for a terrorist. In \"Brinkman's Note,\" a piece of suspense fiction, the unnamed narrator appears to be trying to stop a plot to assassinate the president. It turns out, however, that the narrator himself is the assassin, and he's able to infiltrate the White House: \"The President strode in smiling. From the right coat pocket of the raincoat I carried, I slowly drew forth my 32-caliber pistol. In Brinkman's failure, I had succeeded.\"", "Lee entered West Point in the summer of 1825. At the time, the focus of the curriculum was engineering; the head of the Army Corps of Engineers supervised the school and the superintendent was an engineering officer. Cadets were not permitted leave until they had finished two years of study, and were rarely allowed off the Academy grounds. Lee graduated second in his class behind Charles Mason, who resigned from the Army a year after graduation, and Lee did not incur any demerits during his four-year course of study, a distinction shared by five of his 45 classmates. In June 1829, Lee was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers. After graduation, while awaiting assignment, he returned to Virginia to find his mother on her deathbed; she died at Ravensworth on July 26, 1829. ", "Robert E. Lee graduated second in his class from West Point in 1829. He did not receive a single demerit during his four years at the academy.", "The same year, Salinger began submitting short stories to The New Yorker. Seven of Salinger's stories were rejected by the magazine that year, including \"Lunch for Three\", \"Monologue for a Watery Highball\", and \"I Went to School with Adolf Hitler\". In December 1941, however, it accepted \"Slight Rebellion off Madison\", a Manhattan-set story about a disaffected teenager named Holden Caulfield with \"pre-war jitters\".[21] When Japan carried out the attack on Pearl Harbor that month, the story was rendered \"unpublishable\"; it did not appear in the magazine until 1946.[21] In the spring of 1942, several months after the United States entered World War II, Salinger was drafted into the Army, where he saw combat with the 12th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division.[20] He was active at Utah Beach on D-Day and in the Battle of the Bulge.[22]", "During the Gulf War, alumnus General Schwarzkopf was the commander of Allied Forces, and the American senior generals in Iraq, Generals Petraeus, Odierno and Austin, and Afghanistan, retired General Stanley McChrystal and General David Rodriguez, are also alumni. Following the September 11 attacks, applications for admission to the academy increased dramatically, security on campus was increased, and the curriculum was revamped to include coursework on terrorism and military drills in civilian environments. One graduate was killed during the 9/11 terrorist attacks and ninety graduates have died during operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, and the ongoing Global War on Terror. The Class of 2005 has been referred to as The Class of 9/11 as the attacks occurred during their first year at the academy, and they graduated 911 students. In 2008 gender-neutral lyrics were incorporated into West Point's \"Alma Mater\" and \"The Corps\" — replacing lines like \"The men of the Corps\" with \"The ranks of the Corps.\" In December 2009, President Barack Obama delivered a major speech in Eisenhower Hall Theater outlining his policy for deploying 30,000 additional troops to Afghanistan as well as setting a timetable for withdrawal. President Obama also provided the commencement address in 2014. ", "The same year, Salinger began submitting short stories to The New Yorker . Seven of Salinger's stories were rejected by the magazine that year, including \"Lunch for Three\", \"Monologue for a Watery Highball\", and \"I Went to School with Adolf Hitler\". In December 1941, however, it accepted \" Slight Rebellion off Madison \", a Manhattan-set story about a disaffected teenager named Holden Caulfield with \"pre-war jitters\". [19] When Japan carried out the attack on Pearl Harbor that month, the story was rendered \"unpublishable\"; it did not appear in the magazine until 1946. [19] In the spring of 1942, several months after the United States entered World War II , Salinger was drafted into the Army, where he saw combat with the 12th Infantry Regiment , 4th Infantry Division . [18] He was active at Utah Beach on D-Day and in the Battle of the Bulge . [20]", "In 1970, Seymour Hersh won the Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting for his My Lai story and went on to write for the New York Times. He is known for his 1975 investigations into the CIA's Project Jennifer and for reporting on the U.S. military's mistreatment of detainees at Abu Ghraib prison in May of 2004.", "Author Harper Lee smiles during a ceremony honoring four new members of the Alabama Academy of Honor at the Capitol in Montgomery, Alabama, Aug. 20, 2007. Photo: AP/Rob Carr", "The man whom a Newsweek critic was later to describe as \"the best all-around man of letters since Edmund Wilson\" began his writing career at the age of twenty-one with publication of the novel Williwaw, based upon his military experiences in the Alaskan Harbor Detachment. Conventionally realistic, the book was well received. A few years later, his pioneering novel The City and the Pillar, which dealt candidly with gay themes, caused such a furor that the daily New York Times refused to review his next five books.", "Muhammad Ali also faced continuous criticisms during his career. He was suspended by the state of New York after his title defense against Zora Folley on March 22 as well as convicted by an all-white jury and sentenced to five years in prison and a $10,000 fine for draft evasion on June 20. During his years of inactivity, there grew an opposition to the Vietnam War and Ali spoke at colleges across the nation criticizing the Vietnam War and advocated the African American pride and racial justice. By August 1970, the legend was granted the boxing license by the City of Atlanta Athletic Commission and State Senator Leroy R. Johnson allowing him to make his first return bout against Jerry Quarry and win after three rounds after Quarry was cut. His first fight with Frazier was nicknamed the “Fight of the Century” and veteran boxing writer John Condon had called it “the greatest event I've ever worked on in my life”.", "* 1996: Fort Lauderdale, Florida, resident Jackie Stern was convicted of wearing a Medal of Honor to which he was not entitled. A federal judge sentenced him to serve one year of probation and to write a letter of apology to each of the then-living 171 recipients of the medal. His letter was published in the local newspaper. ", "Notable alumni of the University of Washington include U.S. Olympic rower Joe Rantz (1936); architect Minoru Yamasaki (1934); US Senator Henry M. Jackson (JD 1935); Baskin & Robbins co-founder Irv Robbins (1939); former actor, Hollywood Reporter columnist and TCM host Robert Osborne (1954); glass artist Dale Chihuly (BA 1965); Pulitzer Prize-winning author Marilynne Robinson (PhD 1977), martial artist Bruce Lee; saxophonist Kenny G (1978); MySpace co-founder Chris DeWolfe (1988); and actor and comedian Joel McHale (1995, MFA 2000).", "Mark Perry, a 1969 graduate of Northwestern Military & Naval Academy, recently spoke about his ninth book, \"The Most Dangerous Man in America: The Making of Douglas MacArthur,\" on CSPAN BookTV. He was also featured in the Wall St. Journal. His books are available to purchase at Barnes & Noble and through Amazon.com. Congratulations, Mr. Perry!", "Notable alumni of the University of Washington include architect Minoru Yamasaki (1934); US Senator Henry M. Jackson (JD 1935); Baskin & Robbins co-founder Irv Robbins (1939); MySpace co-founder Chris DeWolfe (1988), Pulitzer Prize-winning author Marilynne Robinson (PhD 1977), legendary martial artist Bruce Lee , saxophonist Kenny G (1978); and actor and comedian Joel McHale (1995, MFA 2000).", "Notable alumni of the University of Washington include architect Minoru Yamasaki (1934); US Senator Henry M. Jackson (JD 1935); Baskin & Robbins co-founder Irv Robbins (1939); MySpace co-founder Chris DeWolfe (1988), Pulitzer Prize-winning author Marilynne Robinson (PhD 1977), legendary martial artist Bruce Lee, saxophonist Kenny G (1978); and actor and comedian Joel McHale (1995, MFA 2000).", "On August 23, 1966, Muhammad  applied with the Selective Service for conscientious objector status on religious grounds (as a minister with the Nation of Islam). In what became an extensive legal, political, professional, and personal battle, Ali was convicted of draft evasion, stripped of his boxing title, and became a lightning rod — and a voice — for opinions on the Vietnam War. Muhammad Ali's willingness to speak out against racism in the United States, and the affect it had on domestic and foreign policy, earned him many supporters and detractors. ", "As in years past, the protestors carried crosses in a solemn procession while the names of victims were read out. At each name demonstrators raised the crosses and called out, “Presente!” The crosses were then arranged on the Ft. Benning fence. This year they were accompanied by an army uniform, decorated with military honors, placed there by Lt. Col. (ret.) Byrne Sherwood, Jr., who left a note renouncing his former ties to U.S military and foreign policy.", "\"[Carson] was a medal-winning marksman and a dining companion of General William Westmoreland. Despite having joined high-school ROTC a semester late, Carson was a superstar cadet, racking up medals in drill and riflery. He flew through the ranks, moving from private to second lieutenant in a year and change and then so thoroughly acing his field-grade exams (he set a new record) that he leap-frogged straight to lieutenant colonel, and then became one of three full-bird colonels in all of Detroit. In recognition of his achievement, a 17-year-old Carson was given the opportunity to dine with General William Westmoreland, the top U.S. commander in Vietnam, and was offered a full scholarship to West Point.\"", "Muhammad Ali would go on to become one of the 20th century’s greatest sporting figures, as much for his social and political influence as his prowess in his chosen sport. After successfully defending his title nine times, it was stripped from him in 1967 after he refused induction into the U.S. Army on the grounds that he was a Muslim minister and therefore a conscientious objector. That year, he was sentenced to five years in prison for violating the Selective Service Act but was allowed to remain free as he appealed the decision. His popularity plummeted, but many across the world applauded his bold stand against the Vietnam War.", "There are plaques on the grounds of the United States Military Academy at West Point commemorating all of the generals who served in the Revolution. One plaque bears only a rank and a date (\"major general...born 1740\") but no name. ", "Ali objected to serving in the military because of his religious beliefs. He also referenced the mistreatment of black Americans, saying he refused to co-operate with the US government in oppressing another race of people. He was stripped of his championship, indicted for draft evasion, fined $10,000 and sentenced to five years in prison. But he did not serve time and his conviction was overturned on appeal. At this time, Ali toured colleges and spoke out on various social and political issues.", "In 1974, with the Vietnam war still continuing, The Harvard Lampoon invited Wayne to The Harvard Square Theater to award him the \"Brass Balls Award\" for his \"Outstanding machismo and a penchant for punching people\". Wayne accepted and arrived riding atop an armored personnel carrier manned by the \"Black Knights\" of Troop D, Fifth Regiment. Wayne took the stage and ad-libbed his way through a series of derogatory questions with adroitness, displaying an agile wit that completely won over the audience of students.", "Convicted of draft evasion, Ali was sentenced to the maximum of five years in prison and a $10,000 fine, but he remained free while the conviction was appealed. Many saw Ali as a draft dodger, and his popularity plummeted. Banned from boxing for three years, Ali spoke out against the Vietnam War on college campuses. As public attitudes turned against the war, support for Ali grew. In 1970 the New York State Supreme Court ordered his boxing license reinstated, and the following year the U.S. Supreme Court overturned his conviction in a unanimous decision.", "It may have been a poor choice for the General to have given any interview. Does this mean that, if you are in the military, you lose your right to your personal opinion and freedom of speech. Should the General have lied as yet another cover up? I believe the President should have taken a higher road and ignored the entire thing. Now he has called the General to the White House for public humiliation? This is sad and a waste of time given our current situations. It has always bothed me that the a President, who has never served in the military, salutes soldiers and officers. I believe this is wrong. Is this the only news you have to report?", "During the time Muhammad Ali was unable to box he gave speeches on college campuses against the Vietnam War and racism .", "1943 - U.S. General George Patton had a bad day. He slapped and kicked U.S. Army Private C.H. Kuhl.", "After leaving Harrow School with a single O-level, the Duke failed the entrance examination to the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst . [ 1 ] The Duke joined the Territorial Army in 1970 as a trooper ." ]

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[ "Blondie and Dagwood live next door to Herb and Tootsie Woodley. The Bumstead family has grown, with the addition of a son named Alexander (originally \"Baby Dumpling\") in 1934, a daughter named Cookie in 1941 (both permanently frozen in their late teens as of 2008), and a dog, Daisy, and her litter of five unnamed pups. Alexander and Cookie have grown into teenagers who uncannily resemble their parents. Other regular characters include the long-suffering mailman, Mr. Beasley, and Elmo Tuttle, a pesky neighborhood kid who often asks Dagwood to play. Cora Dithers is the domineering wife of Julius Dithers. Lou is the owner of Lou's Diner where Dagwood frequently eats during his lunch break, and a never-ending parade of door-to-door salesmen.", "Blondie and Dagwood live next door to Herb and Tootsie Woodley. The Bumstead family has grown, with the addition of a son named Alexander (originally \"Baby Dumpling\") in 1934, a daughter named Cookie in 1941 (both permanently frozen in their late teens as of 2008), and a dog named Daisy. Alexander and Cookie have grown into teenagers who uncannily resemble their parents. Other regular characters include Mr. Beasley the mailman, Elmo Tuttle, a pesky neighborhood kid who often asks Dagwood to play, Cora Dithers, the domineering wife of Julius Dithers, and Lou, owner of Lou's Diner where Dagwood frequently eats on his lunch break.", "Blondie and Dagwood's best friends are their next-door neighbors Herb and Tootsie Woodley, although Dagwood and Herb's friendship is frequently volatile. Lou is the burly, tattooed owner of Lou's Diner, the less-than-five-star establishment where Dagwood often eats during his lunch hour. Other regular supporting characters include the long-suffering mailman, Mr. Beasley; Elmo Tuttle, a pesky neighborhood kid who often asks Dagwood to play; and a never-ending parade of overbearing door-to-door salesmen.", "Blondie & Dagwood - \"Blondie\" is an American comic strip by Chic Young, featuring a well-endowed wife and her sandwich-loving husband. The strip has been published in newspapers since September 8, 1930.", "The flock of males that hovers around Blondie is not as numerous in the daily sequences as it is in the Sunday strips, which are not part of the daily continuity. In the dailies, Blondie displays more constancy. Although she enjoys the affections of an extraordinarily handsome neighbor, Gil McDonald, for a brief time (June through mid-October 1932), when her engagement to Dagwood has been called off—and is even engaged to Gil for a few weeks—Dagwood is never far away and is always, it seems, in her flighty young heart.", "*Blondie Bumstead (née Boopadoop): The eponymous leading lady of the comic strip. Blondie is a smart, sweet, and responsible woman. She can be stressed at times when raising her family and because of Dagwood's antics, and despite being usually laid-back and patient, Blondie does get upset sometimes. She is also extremely beautiful with gold hair, gentle curls, and a shapely figure. A friend once told Dagwood that Blondie looked like a 'million bucks'. In 1991, she began a catering business with her neighbor, Tootsie.", "Dagwood Bumstead and family, including Daisy and the pups, live in the suburbs of Joplin, Missouri, according to the 1946 Joplin Globe, citing Chic Young.", "Dagwood Bumstead is a main character in cartoonist Chic Young's long-running comic strip Blondie. He first appeared sometime prior to 17 February 1933.", "\"Dagwood Bumstead\" is a main fictional character/character in comic artist Chic Young's long-running comic strip Blondie (comic strip)/Blondie. He first appeared sometime prior to 17 February 1933.", "In the episode “Comic Caper” (season six episode six) of Jim Henson’s Muppet Babies (also produced by Marvel and aired on CBS), both Blondie and Dagwood make a cameo appearance. Blondie tells Dagwood that he is going to be late for work. As Dagwood rushes to the door where he knocks into the Muppet Babies who accidentally fall in their comic strip. Frank Welker who voiced Dagwood in the TV special also voiced Baby Kermit and Skeeter on Muppet Babies. Baby Kermit and Baby Piggy even parodied Blondie and Dagwood in one scene.", "Episodes were simple, with plots reminiscent of the comic strip, often involving Dagwood coming into conflict with Mr. Dithers. Jokes were mild and physical gags were common. In the premiere, Blondie decides that Dagwood deserves to be vice president of the J.C. Dithers Construction Company. So, to help boost his confidence, she sends him a fake telegram stating that his (equally fake) uncle has died and left him well over $100,000. Obviously, things don’t work out the way Blondie had hoped.", "On February 17, 1933, after much fanfare and build-up, Blondie and Dagwood were married after a month-and-a-half-long hunger strike by Dagwood to get his parents' blessing, but they strongly disapprove of his marrying beneath his class, and disinherit him. Left only with a check to pay their honeymoon, the Bumsteads are forced to become a middle-class suburban family. The marriage was a significant media event, given the comic strip's popularity. The catalog for the University of Florida's 2005 exhibition, \"75 Years of Blondie, 1930–2005\", notes:", "Blondie was adapted into a long-running series of 28 low-budget theatrical B-features, produced by Columbia Pictures. Beginning with Blondie in 1938, the series lasted 12 years, through Beware of Blondie (1950). The two major roles were Penny Singleton as Blondie and Arthur Lake (whose first starring role was another comic strip character, Harold Teen) as Dagwood. Faithfulness to the comic strip was a major concern of the creators of the series. Little touches were added that were iconic to the strip, like the appearance of Dagwood's famous sandwiches—and the running gag of Dagwood colliding with the mailman amid a flurry of letters, (which preceded the title sequence in almost every film).", "The Wilsons' house was constructed between 1936 and 1937 for the Blondie film series. This structure, after some transformation, became well known as the home of the Andersons in Father Knows Best before becoming the home of the Wilsons, and later, the home of Major Nelson and Jeannie in I Dream of Jeannie. The house can also be seen in episodes of Bewitched and The Partridge Family.", "Blondie was adapted into a long-running series of 28 low-budget theatrical B-features, produced by Columbia Pictures . Beginning with Blondie in 1938, the series lasted 12 years, through Beware of Blondie (1950). The two major roles were Penny Singleton as Blondie and Arthur Lake (whose first starring role was another comic strip character, Harold Teen ) as Dagwood. Faithfulness to the comic strip was a major concern of the creators of the series. Little touches were added that were iconic to the strip, like the appearance of Dagwood’s famous sandwiches—and the running gag of Dagwood colliding with the mailman amid a flurry of letters, (which preceded the title sequence in almost every film).", "Blondie was adapted into a long-running series of 28 low-budget theatrical B-features, produced by Columbia Pictures . Beginning with Blondie in 1938, the series lasted 12 years, through Beware of Blondie (1950). The two major roles were Penny Singleton as Blondie and Arthur Lake (whose first starring role was another comic strip character, Harold Teen ) as Dagwood. Faithfulness to the comic strip was a major concern of the creators of the series. Little touches were added that were iconic to the strip, like the appearance of Dagwood's famous sandwiches—and the running gag of Dagwood colliding with the mailman amid a flurry of letters, (which preceded the title sequence in almost every film).", "Twice in 75 years, though, it looked as if \"Blondie\" could go the way of \"Terry and Pirates\" and \"Krazy Kat\" into comics oblivion. The first time, during the Depression when hard-luck Americans tired of the flapper comics predominate in the day, Chic Young solved the problem by having Blondie and Dagwood marry and transition to a life of domesticity.", "Now one of the most famous married couples in the world in one of the most widely read strips in comics history, Blondie and Dagwood are celebrating the milestone anniversary this summer in a running story line featuring cameos by their comics-page cohorts, whose creators also will pay tribute to \"Blondie\" by inviting the happy couple into their own panels.", "Blondie's marriage marked the beginning of a change in her personality. From that point forward, she gradually assumed her position as the sensible head of the Bumstead household. And Dagwood, who previously had been cast in the role of straight man to Blondie's comic antics, took over as the comic strip's clown. ", "An animated cartoon TV special featuring the characters was made in 1987 by Marvel Productions , (who had earlier collaborated with King Features for the animated series Defenders of the Earth , starring King Feature's adventure characters) and shown on CBS , [13] with a second special, Second Wedding Workout, telecast in 1989. Blondie was voiced by Loni Anderson , Dagwood by Frank Welker . Both animated specials are available on the fourth DVD of the Advantage Cartoon Mega Pack. Both of these specials were paired with other King Features-based specials; the first special was paired with a special based on Cathy ; the second one was paired with Hägar the Horrible .", "In more than 20 films (1938–50) Blondie was played by Penny Singleton and Dagwood by Arthur Lake. Two television series were made (1957 and 1968), and an animated TV movie appeared in 1987. At the height of its popularity, the syndicated comic strip was translated into 35 languages and appeared in more than 2,000 newspapers worldwide.", "In 1930, Chic Young created the comic strip Blondie, about the amusing misadventures of the title character, a carefree flapper girl familiar to readers of the time. The strip’s focus soon shifted to Blondie’s husband, Dagwood. Dagwood was distinguished by the wings on his unique hairstyle, a thankless office job and a penchant for making and eating titanic sandwiches despite his rail-like build. The strip began being published in the United States but achieved worldwide popularity, inspiring a 1940s movie series, and still was syndicated internationally as of 2010.", "When I’m not working on Blondie, my favorite activities are spending time with my family, spearfishing, skiing and playing chess. As for any resemblance I may have to Dagwood Bumstead...well, Dagwood and I both have “black belts” in buffet and we both like naps. But I believe that the biggest commonality has to do with the fact that we’re both family men, and I think the strip reflects that. I guess you could say that I’m Dagwood’s alter ego, but hopefully, with a little more finesse.", "When Blondie and Dagwood finally got married in February 17 of 1933, one of the fictional female guests made a venomous prediction during the wedding: The couple would never be happy. She was wrong. This September 8th, Blondie and Dagwood celebrate its 80 - year - old - marriage -- as comic strip characters, of course.", "Once established in their new apartment, Rosemary (Mia Farrow) and Guy Castevets (John Cassavetes) discuss having a baby, but Guy wants to develop his acting career first and wifey goes along with him. Meanwhile, Rosemary gradually becomes friends with Terry (Victoria Vetri), an ex-homeless druggy who has been taken in by Minnie (Ruth Gordon, who won an Oscar for her portrayal of the nosy neighbor) and Roman (Sidney Blackmer), who live right across the hall from the Castevetses.", "Blondie and Dagwood’s teenage son.  He resembles Dagwood somewhat in appearance, but seems to be more level-headed and stable.  He is a star athlete on the high school football and basketball teams.", "BLONDIE TV SERIES  **--25 EPISODES--$20.00--Arthur Lake had played Dagwood in a long series of \"Blondie\" movies. This show, retelling stories and situations familiar to readers of the comic strip, lasted one year.", "In addition, there are other characters without whom the show would not have been the same. They include, Chachi Arcola (Scott Baio) who was Fonzie’s cousin, Mitsumo “Arnold” Takahashi (Pat Morita) who was the owner of the kids’ favorite hangout, “Arnold’s Drive-In”, Al Delvecchio (Al Molinaro) who became the owner of the drive-in after Arnold left, Jenny Piccalo (Cathy Silvers) who was Joanie’s best friend, Richie’s girlfriend, Lori Beth Allen (Lynda Goodfriend) and Roger Phillips, (Ted McGinley) Marion’s nephew and a teacher at the high school.", "Brandon & Brenda attend Beverly Hills High School. They are fraternal twins. They moved from 1408 Walnut Avenue in Minneapolis, Minnesota 55348. to begin a new life in Southern California with their parents Jim Walsh, an accountant and Cindy, a homemaker. Brandon and Brenda�s friends include Kelly Taylor, Donna Martin, David Silver, Andrea Zuckerman, Steve Sanders and Dylan McKay. Note: A real house at 1675 East Altadena Drive (off Lake Avenue) in Altadena 91001 (four miles northeast of Pasadena, California) served as the fictional Walsh residence. The Spanish revival home with wide archways and terra cotta tiled roof was owned by Jack Stanton, a 51-year-old building inspector and divorced father of two.", "The Munster home was originally located on Colonial Street on the back lot of Universal Studios just four door down the street of the Mayfield, USA home of June and Ward Cleaver from the sitcom LEAVE IT TO BEAVER. Since the sixties, the house has been uprooted and moved to another section of the back lot. Given a new coat of paint and weeded of its original landscaping, stone wall, the house is now nearly unrecognizable to tourists in search of the original series home.", "Sheila met spouse Peter Donaldson while doing an aerobics warm-up (she was the instructor) while in a punk-rock production of \"Godspell\" at the Grand Theatre in London, Ontario in 1983. With Donaldson (whose father was a Commodore of the Canadian Steamship Line), she had two daughters: one born in 1992 and one born in 1988. Before Donaldson's death, they lived in Stratford, Ontario in a century-old home that is known to be free of \"bohemian exuberance\" - Ridpath sofas, club chairs, oriental carpets. The one concession to McCarthy's whimsy is the stainless steel and chrome-clad kitchen with the ceiling covered in retro pressed-tin squares. In the summer of 2004, she played in \"Guys and Dolls\" and \"Anything Goes\" in the Stratford Festival.", "The Mitchells' house was constructed between 1934 and 1935 for the movie Party Wire. It was later moved and became well known as the home of the Stone family on The Donna Reed Show in 1958, before becoming the home of the Mitchell family in 1959." ]

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[ "A correction to your Film Clip item (July 12) about Eddie Murphy as the Green Hornet: Britt Reid is the son of Dan Reid, who is the nephew of the Lone Ranger. This makes the Green Hornet the grand-nephew of the Lone Ranger, not his great-grandson. NORMAN L. COOK Monrovia", "One relatively minor aspect of the character that tends to be given limited exposure in the actual productions is his blood relationship to the Lone Ranger, another character created by Striker. The Lone Ranger's nephew was Dan Reid. In the Green Hornet radio shows, the Hornet's father was likewise named Dan Reid, making Britt Reid the Lone Ranger's grandnephew. (Source: wikipedia.org)", "Britt Reid, son of Dan Reid, Jr., and great nephew of the Lone Ranger, is born.", "And I bet you didnt know this. The Lone Ranger was created by George W. Trendle and Fran Striker who also created the Green Hornet. So the Lone Ranger’s nephew Dan (Chuck Courtney) was the father of Britt Reid, the Green Hornet.", "Grandma Frisbie eventually settled near the Canadian border, and took Dan to be her own grandson. As Dan reached his early teens, the Lone Ranger was brought north in pursuit of an outlaw trying to cross the border to Canada. The excitement was too much for the old woman's weak heart. Before she passed on she revealed the story of Dan's past to the Lone Ranger. She gave the Ranger a locket she had found with Dan. In it were pictures of Dan Sr. and Linda, revealing the boy to be the Lone Ranger's long-lost nephew.", "The Lone Ranger's nephew made his first appearance in \"Heading North\" (December 14, 1942) under the name \"Dan Frisby\", the grandson of Grandma Frisby. The two lived in an area described as \"the high border country of the northwest\" near the town of Martinsville close to the Canadian border. This and the following four episodes (\"Design for Murder\", December 16, 1942; \"Rope's End\", December 18, 1942; \"Law of the Apex\", December 21, 1942; and \"Dan's Strange Behavior\", December 23, 1942) centred on a plot to steal the valuable Martin Copper Mine and Dan's being fooled by a Lone Ranger impostor into helping him steal it. The Lone Ranger and the Mounties foil the plot and capture the impostor and his gang.", "SIEGEL: So who actually knew The Lone Ranger's face? Well, his nephew did and, of course, Tonto did. And, this may be surprising, but President Ulysses S. Grant did.", "    Trendle and his writers developed a back story for the Ranger that has been used virtually unaltered in every succeeding version. Around 1870, a platoon of Texas Rangers, including two brothers named Reid, are in pursuit of the Butch Cavendish gang. The Rangers are ambushed in a narrow canyon and left for dead. A day later, a wandering Indian named Tonto comes onto the scene, discovering that one Ranger, who turns out to be the younger Reid brother, is still alive. Nursed back to health by Tonto, Reid vows to avenge the deaths of his brother and the other Rangers by tracking down Cavendish and bringing him and his gang to justice. But he realizes that to succeed, he must allow the outlaws to think they killed all of the Rangers; thus, Reid dons a mask, made from the bullet-riddled vest of his brother, and becomes the Lone Ranger.", "A different version was given in later episodes of the radio drama and at the beginning of the Lone Ranger television series. Tonto rescues the sole surviving Texas Ranger of a party that was tricked into an ambush by the outlaw Butch Cavendish. Tonto recognizes the ranger as someone who had saved him when they were both boys. He refers to him by the title \"ke-mo sah-bee,\" explaining that the phrase means \"faithful friend\" (radio series) or \"trusty scout\" (television series) in the language of his tribe. In the 2013 film, Tonto translates the word as meaning \"wrong brother\". Tonto buries the dead rangers, and the Lone Ranger instructs him to make a sixth empty grave to leave the impression that he, too, is dead. ", "The Lone Ranger is an American radio and television show created by George W. Trendle and developed by writer Fran Striker. The eponymous character is a masked Texas Ranger in the American Old West, originally played by Paul Halliwell, who gallops about righting injustices with the aid of his clever, laconic Indian sidekick, Tonto. Departing on his white horse Silver, the Ranger would famously say \"Hi-yo, Silver, away!\" as the horse galloped toward the setting sun. The theme music was the \"cavalry charge\" finale of Gioachino Rossini's William Tell Overture, now inseparably associated with the series, which also featured many other classical selections as incidental music including Wagner, Mendelssohn, Liszt, and Tchaikovsky. The theme was conducted by Daniel Perez Castaneda. Classical music was used because it was in the public domain; thus allowing production costs to be kept down while providing a wide range of music as needed without the costs of a composer. While this practice was started during the radio show, it was retained after the move to television in the budget-strapped early days of the ABC network. The first of 2,956 episodes of The Lone Ranger premiered", "He and Tonto travel to Wild Horse Valley, where they rescue an injured white stallion, which the Lone Ranger names Silver. The Reids owned a silver mine that supports John Reid's crusade for justice while also providing the ranger's trademark silver bullets.", "4. Tonto: One thing about radio shows, it’s best if your hero has someone he can talk to, especially if he roams the Old West where it can get lonely sitting around the campfire. That was the reason behind Tonto, the faithful Native American companion to Lone Ranger who began as a narrative aid but became far more than that as the Western masked-man mythology took hold of young imaginations across America. The Lone Ranger and Tonto were created by George W. Trendle and Fran Striker (the same tandem behind “Green Hornet,” in fact), and through the years, some have found the character to be offensive (most often due to his fractured, article-free version of English), but others see the brave hero as noble and an equal to the fellow who rides Silver.  How big is Tonto in our collective memory? Well, “kemo sabe” was added to Webster’s New Millennium Dictionary in 2002. Actor Jay Silverheels is the definitive Tonto in the public memory, but Disney announced in 2008 that Johnny Depp (who has some Cherokee heritage) would take on the role in a new film version of the Lone Ranger, although the project seems to have lost momentum.", "The Lone Ranger [1] The lone surviving Texas Ranger who was nursed back to health by the Indian Tonto rides with him, on Silver and Scout, throughout the West, doing good while living off a silver mine which supplies him with income and bullets.", "    What was it about the Lone Ranger that captivates me and my generation so? There were untold numbers of Westerns in those days, in the movies and on TV, all of them with handsome heroes, damsels in distress, snarling bad guys, mighty horses. There was gunplay and fisticuffs aplenty. But the Lone Ranger was different. Was it the mask? Was it the silver bullet, the Ranger's calling card as well as his ammo of choice? Was it his magnificent horse, Silver? His loyal partner Tonto? The Ranger always treated Tonto as an equal, which was a lesson for all of us kids in race relations, even if we didn't realize it, and Tonto was portrayed with great dignity by Silverheels, dispelling many a stereotype that showed the Indian of the Old West as an uncouth savage. ", "One of the last captures officially credited to the Lone Ranger is the break-up of the Ace Perigon Gang. During this encounter, he is recognized by a former Texas Ranger named Martin who has gone bad and is a member of the gang. At the cost of his own life, he helps the Ranger escape and bring the gang to justice. As he lays dying, he makes the Lone Ranger promise to continue his war on injustice by training someone else to take his place (R).", "The Lone Ranger takes the name of Allen King and joins a Ranger troop. They are opposing the depredations of a criminal mastermind who has assumed the identity of Marcus Jefferies, a government land agent (TLR-S).", "The sidekick of the Lone Ranger was Tonto played by Jay Silverheels, a Native American of the Mohawk tribe. His horse was well known too, Scout, a brown and white paint.", "* The Lone Ranger and sidekick Tonto often call each other \"Kemosabe\", which roughly translates as \"faithful friend\" in Potawatomi, a Central Algonquian language spoken by Native Americans around the Great Lakes in Michigan and Wisconsin.", "The Lone Ranger got his money from a secret silver mine he owned. It was run by Jim Blaine (Ralph Littlefield).The mine was also the source of his trademark, silver bullets.", "The Lone Ranger  (a.k.a. \" kemosabe \") is mentioned extensively as well as his sidekick (\" Tonto , jump on it! Jump on it! Jump on it!\") and his horse (\"'Hi-ho,  Silver !' is what I say\").", "Above, buckskin clad Jay Silverheels on two different Scouts during his days portraying Tonto in the LONE RANGER TV show.  Silverheels, whose real name was Harold J. Smith, was born in 1912 and passed away in 1980.", "Affiliations: Lone Ranger (partner), Scout (aka Paint Horse, his horse), White Feller (his original horse), Chief Thundercloud", "Comments: The most famous Tonto was portrayed by actor Jay Silverheels. For a full list of the various people who played him, and other notes, see comments on the Lone Ranger, above.", "Fact………my Great Grandfather, William Henry Long \"was the gun slinging outlaw known as, the Sundance Kid\" and of course, the close friend and cohort of Butch Cassidy.", "The Lone Ranger rode Silver, but what was the name of Tonto's horse? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk", "Front row left to right: Harry A. Longabaugh, alias the Sundance Kid, Ben Kilpatrick, alias the Tall Texan, Robert Leroy Parker, alias Butch Cassidy; Standing: Will Carver, alias News Carver, & Harvey Logan, alias Kid Curry; Fort Worth, Texas, 1900", "A character in the 1951 film The Texas Rangers. The fictional tale has him and real-life outlaws Sam Bass, John Wesley Hardin, Butch Cassidy and Dave Rudabaugh forming a gang, then squaring off against two convicts recruited by John B. Jones to bring them to justice.", "The Lone Ranger - Watch Full Episodes Free - United States - TV Shows - Viki", "70. One of those who accompanied the Cowan-Carpenter group from the park was the inimitable John B. (\"Texas Jack\") Omohundro, erstwhile army scout, showman, and colleague of William F. (\"Buffalo Bill\") Cody, who had been guiding some Englishmen (the Earl of Dunraven and Dr. George Kingsley) around \"Wonderland,\" but had headed to Mammoth on learning of the presence of the Nez Perces. Omohundro gave the papers a ridiculous yarn about Frank Carpenter being tied to a tree \"to be burned, when he was recognized by Joseph, his father having formerly been a trader among the Nez Perces, and by order of that chieftain was, with the two ladies, released.\" Cheyenne Daily Leader, September 12, 1877.", "Billy the Kid, born Henry McCarty; also known as WilliamH.Bonney (September 17, 1859July 14, 1881) was an American Old West gunfighter who participated in New Mexico's Lincoln County War. He is known to have killed eight men.", "Legend holds that outlaw Billy the Kid was gunned down by Sheriff Pat Garrett in 1881 and buried in Fort Sumner, N.M. A headstone marks his grave, but a controversy has roiled since the 1930s when an Arizona man named John Miller claimed that he was the legendary outlaw. Garrett, he said, shot the wrong man and lied about it. Matters became even more confused a few decades later when a Texan named \"Brushy\" Bill Roberts came forth and said he was the real Billy the Kid.", "What Wild West figure is described on his New Mexico tombstone as \"The Boy Bandit King\"?" ]

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[ "16. WILLIAM MOULTON MARSTON, INVENTOR OF THE POLYGRAPH, ALSO CREATED A FAMOUS COMIC BOOK HERO, WHO WAS IT?", "Dr. William Moulton Marston ( May 9 , 1893 – May 2 , 1947 ) was a psychologist, feminist theorist, inventor, and comic book author who created the character Wonder Woman . Two strong women, his wife Elizabeth Holloway Marston and Olive Byrne , a mutual friend, served as exemplars for the character and greatly influenced her creation. [1]", "Dr. William Moulton Marston ( May 9 , 1893 – May 2 , 1947 ) was an American psychologist, feminist theorist, inventor, and comic book author who created the character Wonder Woman . Two women, his wife Elizabeth Holloway Marston and Olive Byrne , (who lived with the couple in a polyamorous relationship), served as exemplars for the character and greatly influenced her creation. [1] [2]", "Marston was schooled in the Greek and Roman classics as a young man. He was also intimately and personally involved with the earliest movements for women's rights, including issues of birth control, voting and career equity. Knowing that, it is no surprise that William Moulton Marston's most famous work is the creation of the comic book heroine, Wonder Woman.", "Wonder Woman’s appearance in the early golden age of comics made her the first prominent female superheroine. The psychologist William Moulton Marston created Wonder Woman somewhat as a counter reaction to the presence of prominent male superheroes (at this time Superman , Batman and Captain America ) with the hopes that the character could serve as an inspiration for young children (though in certain ways it was geared more towards female readers.) Marston had been partially motivated to create this character because of the accomplishments of his own wife, who was also an accomplished academic at a time when it was difficult for women to fulfill this role. As a result, the first Wonder Woman series contained many complimentary articles and features which sought to provide guidance to a presumed female readership. There were articles for instance on the different career paths that women could pursue (according to the standards of the 1940s) as well as a series of stories on famous and accomplished women, called the Wonder Women of History . Marston introduced the character in All-Star Comics #8 in 1941. She became the lead character in Sensation Comics in 1941, and got her first solo book in 1942.", "Marston introduced the idea to Max Gaines , cofounder (along with Jack Liebowitz ) of All-American Publications . Given the go-ahead, Marston developed Wonder Woman with Elizabeth (whom Marston believed to be a model of that era's unconventional, liberated woman). [1] In creating Wonder Woman, Marston was also inspired by Olive Byrne, who lived with the couple in a polygamous / polyamorous relationship. [6] Marston's pseudonym , Charles Moulton, combined his own and Gaines' middle names.", "Marston introduced the idea to Max Gaines, co-founder with Jack Liebowitz of All-American Publications. Given the go-ahead, Marston developed Wonder Woman, basing her character on both Elizabeth and Olive Byrne, to be the model of a conventional, liberated, powerful modern woman. Marston's pseudonym, Charles Moulton, combined his own and Gaines' middle names.", "Marston introduced the idea to Max Gaines, co-founder with Jack Liebowitz of All-American Publications. Given the go-ahead, Marston developed Wonder Woman with Elizabeth (whom Marston believed to be a model of that era's unconventional, liberated woman). In creating Wonder Woman, Marston was also inspired by Olive Byrne, who lived with the couple in a polygamous/polyamorous relationship. Marston's pseudonym, Charles Moulton, combined his own and Gaines' middle names.", "Editor Sheldon Mayer replaced the name \"Suprema\" with \" Wonder Woman \", and the character made her debut in All Star Comics #8 (Dec. 1941). The character next appeared in Sensation Comics #1 (Jan. 1942), and six months later, Wonder Woman #1 debuted. Except for four months in 2006, the series has been in print ever since, and now appears bi-monthly. The stories were initially written by Marston and illustrated by newspaper artist Harry Peter . During his life Marston had written many articles and books on psychological topics, but his last six years of writing were devoted to his comics creation.", "DiSC Profile - William Moulton Marston: developer of the DISC Model Theory, Lie Detector, and Wonder Woman | DiscProfile.com", "In the early 1940s, the DC line was dominated by superpowered male characters such as the Green Lantern and its flagship character, Superman, as well as the gadget-based Batman. According to the Fall 2001 issue of the Boston University alumni magazine, it was his wife Elizabeth's idea to create a female superhero: \"William Moulton Marston, a psychologist already famous for inventing the polygraph (forerunner to the magic lasso), struck upon an idea for a new kind of superhero, one who would triumph not with fists or firepower, but with love. 'Fine,' said Elizabeth. 'But make her a woman.'\"", "In the early 1940s, the DC Comics line was dominated by superpower-endowed male characters such as the Green Lantern and Superman (its flagship character), as well as Batman, who became known for his high-tech gadgets. According to the Fall 2001 issue of the Boston University alumni magazine, it was the idea of Marston's wife, Elizabeth, to create a female superhero. Marston was struck by an idea for a new kind of superhero, one who would triumph not with fists or firepower, but with love. \"Fine,\" said Elizabeth. \"But make her a woman.\"", "In 1940 Marston had become an educational consultant for Detective Comics (now DC Comics), the publisher of the \"Batman\", and \"Superman\" comix series. Max Gaines, then head of Detective Comics, encouraged Marston to create a female comic book hero, which Marston did under the pseudonym 'Charles Moulton'.", "If Wertham was the Lex Luthor of comics, hell-bent on their total annihilation, then William Moulton Marston was their Man of Steel, dedicated to championing their cause. Marston was a Harvard-trained psychologist who had a law degree to go along with his Ph.D. In the ’20s and ’30s, Marston was best known as a tireless advocate of the polygraph -- he developed an early lie detector machine -- and he lobbied unsuccessfully for its use in the courts.", "Inventor of the systolic blood-pressure test (the basis of the polygraph, or 'lie detector'), Marston was also a writer of essays in popular psychology. His best known theory was that there is a male notion of freedom that is inherently anarchic and violent, and an opposing female notion based on 'Love Allure' which leads to an ideal state of submission to loving authority. His concerns about the effects of gender-stereotyping in popular culture were expressed in a 1943 article:", "Almost since the inception of the superhero in comic books, the concept has come under fire from critics. Most famously, the psychiatrist Fredric Wertham ’s Seduction of the Innocent (1954) alleged that sexual subtext existed in superhero comics, and included the infamous accusations that Batman and Robin were gay and Wonder Woman encouraged female dominance fetishes and lesbianism .", "If Wertham was the Lex Luthor of comics, hell-bent on their total annihilation, then William Moulton Marston was their Man of Steel, dedicated to championing their cause Marston was a Harvard-trained psychologist who had a law degree to go along with his Ph.D. In the '20s and '30s, Marston was best known as a tireless advocate of the polygraph--he developed an early lie detector machine--and he lobbied unsuccessfully for its use in the courts.", "Credited with inventing an early form of the \"lie detector\" (specifically the notion of testing systolic blood pressure to detect deception, which became one component of the polygraph), Marston was also a writer of essays in popular psychology. His best known theory was that there is a male notion of freedom that is inherently anarchic and violent, and an opposing female notion based on \"Love Allure\" which leads to an ideal state of submission to loving authority. His concerns about the effects of gender stereotyping in popular culture were expressed in a 1943 article:", "Lois Lane is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by DC Comics . Created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, she first appeared in Action Comics #1 (June 1938 ). Lois is an award-winning journalist and the primary love interest of the superhero , Superman (For fifteen years in DC Comics continuity , she was also his wife). Like Superman 's alter ego Clark Kent , she is a reporter for the Metropolis newspaper , the Daily Planet.", "Selina, fearing the many dangers of a post-Batman Gotham, proposed that she, Ivy, and Harley Quinn team up, living together at a single base. Ivy agreed under one condition: using home-grown drugs to weaken Selina's resistance, Ivy demanded to know the identity of the true Batman. Time spent with Talia three years ago in Tibet had prepared Selina so would not relinquish the true ID of Batman under any circumstances. After the interrogation, Selina saw Harley with Bruce Wayne on TV. Catwoman told Poison Ivy she knew it was Hush in disguise.", "Lepore's book is really about Marston, who started out as a psychologist (he invented an early version of lie detector test), but had trouble holding a steady job. Writing a comic book was in many ways the end of the line.", "To defend himself against critics, Gaines, in 1940, hired Marston as a consultant. “‘Doc’ Marston has long been an advocate of the right type of comic magazines,” he explained. Marston held three degrees from Harvard, including a PhD in psychology. He led what he called “an experimental life.” He’d been a lawyer, a scientist and a professor. He is generally credited with inventing the lie detector test: He was obsessed with uncovering other people’s secrets. He’d been a consulting psychologist for Universal Pictures. He’d written screenplays, a novel and dozens of magazine articles. Gaines had read about Marston in an article in Family Circle magazine. In the summer of 1940, Olive Richard, a staff writer for the magazine, visited Marston at his house in Rye, New York, to ask him for his expert opinion about comics.", "Marston, who was generally considered the inventor of the polygraph test, administers it to the secretary of his law firm in 1921. (Smithsonian Libraries)", "During a conversation with an editor at D.C., Marston pitched his idea for a female superhero who would provide a role model for girls, displaying what he believed to be the most powerful feminine qualities -- sexual allure and \"domination via submission,\" in which women made themselves so irresistible to men that men would willingly allow women to rule them. Or that men would sublimate their aggressive impulses by submitting to erotic bondage, which would then empower women. Or that women could be physically strong but still sexy, and that their strength wasn't compromised if they got tied to beds by supervillains on a regular basis.", "Marston is credited as the creator of the systolic blood-pressure test used to detect deception, which became one component of the modern polygraph .", "Some time later, Riddler arrives at his office to find his secretary bound and gagged at her desk, with Harley, Ivy, and Selina waiting in his office. The women tell him that they are being framed for the murder of a young woman whose body was dropped into their pool, and they need his help to prove that they had no part in it. After examining the woman's body, he finds that the women were telling the truth, only to be attacked by Dr. Aesop. ", "It all clicked together: Sally had been part of Canby's organization. A new crime spree was running wild, growing worse than what had been under Canby. And Sally had surely known about Canby's trap for Superman. The Man of Tomorrow realized it had been her who had made the call sending him into that trap, so she must have known of that isolated house...", "A superhero is a fictional character who is noted for feats of courage and nobility and who usually has a colorful name and costume and abilities beyond those of normal human beings. Since the definitive superhero, Superman , debuted in 1938, the stories of superheroes - ranging from brief episodic adventures to continuing years-long sagas - have become an entire genre of fiction, one that has dominated American comic books and crossed over into other media.", "In Detective #226 (December 1955), we learned that Batman had studied detecting with a private eye named Harvey Harris. To protect his (later) secret identity, he had dressed up as Robin, and not revealed his real name to the detective. However, Harris had deduced it on his own:", "The prevalence of so many adult male superheroes and their teenage \"wards\" caused some observers to look askance at the trend. Psychologist Fredric Wertham decided that the phenomenon was a landmine of hidden and repressed Freudian issues, and that a sidekick's participation in violent encounters alongside his hero masked a sexual subtext. In 1954, Wertham's book Seduction of the Innocent coincided with Congressional hearings on (among other topics) the negative influence of comic books. For a time, superhero comics lost their popularity, and many teenage sidekicks faded into obscurity. (Rick Veitch's graphic novel Brat Pack, and issues of Alan Moore's Top 10, directly address the seamy, exploitative, and potentially pedophilia-related aspects of the adult hero-teen sidekick relationship.)", "Bill Finger added a major twist to the case in 1956's \"The First Batman\" (DETECTIVE # 235, art by Sheldon Moldoff and Stan Kaye). While working in the Wayne Manor's attic, Dick Grayson accidentally triggered a hidden compartment on Thomas Wayne's old desk and discovered a bat-scalloped costume along with \"a can of movie film and a diary.\"", "a character in an American comic strip and several films who secretly assumes a batlike costume in order to fight crime" ]

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[ "Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again,” writes Daphne du Maurier in the famous opening sentence of her novel Rebecca. She was known for channelling her feelings for cherished landscapes to inform her creativity, and in Rebecca this wistful line comes from the author’s homesickness for her beloved Cornwall.", "Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again.” The opening line to Daphne du Maurier’s most famous novel, Rebecca is one of the great opening lines in English fiction. In one stroke, du Maurier establishes the voice, the locale, and the dream-like atmosphere of the story. It’s not surprising that Alfred Hitchcock used the same opening line for his celebrated cinematic adaptation of the novel—one which many critics feel is among his most accomplished. Although Daphne du Maurier was one of the most popular authors of her day and wrote or edited dozens of books—biographies, plays, and collections of letters as well as works of fiction— she is best remembered today for only a handful of novels including, of course, Rebecca.", "In the movie Party Monster, Seth Green's character, James Saint James, makes a reference to the perfect sentence: \"Last night, I dreamt of Glocca Morra...again.\" (The reference parodies: \"Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again\", the famous first line of Daphne du Maurier's Rebecca.)", "Mrs. de Winter   The Sequel to Daphne Du Maurier's \"Rebecca\".   By Susan Hill.  From the very first moment of Rebecca (\"Last night I dreamt I went Manderley again\"), readers were immersed in the claustrophobic world of Maxim de Winter, his innocent child bride, and the memory of the", "'Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again.' Daphne du Maurier's famous opening line of Rebecca - one of the most memorable first sentences ever published - appears to beckon the reader through a padlocked iron gate and down a long, serpentine drive to a hidden mansion, a house of secrets and dreams.", "Fowey is alive with the history of Du Maurier. Just outside the main town is the 17th-century Menabilly Estate where the author lived for 24 years. It famously gave her the inspiration for Manderley, the house featured in Rebecca, arguably her best loved and most enduring novel (it has been continuously in print for eight decades). You can get agonisingly close to Menabilly, but it is impossible to catch a glimpse. Closed to the public, it is shielded from the footpath around the grounds by a wall of stubborn, overgrown rhododendrons and brambles – exactly as it was when du Maurier herself first trespassed in the 1920s, finding her way by the coastal path and climbing up from the beach. If you approach Menabilly by road, you come to Menabilly Barton Farm, which provided the setting for both My Cousin Rachel and short story, The Birds (which Alfred Hitchcock used as inspiration for his horror movie of the same title). The idea for the story – where birds become hostile to humans – came to du Maurier one day when she was walking from Menabilly to the farm and she saw a flock of seagulls diving and wheeling above a farmer ploughing his field.", "In 1936 London-born Daphne du Maurier (1907-89) pub. Jamaica Inn ; a nest of pirates in 1820 Cornwall before the creation of the British Coast Guard, who lure ships to their doom on the rocks then murder the crew and steal the cargo, while working secretly for the money-loving local magistrate Sir Humphrey Pengallan. In 1938 she pub. Rebecca ; makes her a star; wealthy Englishman Maximilian \"Maxim\" de Winter takes 2nd wife to live in his Manderley country estate in Cornwall, only to find that the memory of his late 1st wife Rebecca haunts the place along with a terrible secret; filmed in 1940; \"Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again\" (opening line). In 1941 she pub. Frenchman's Creek . In 1943 she pub. Hungry Hill . In 1946 she pub. The King's General ; bestseller. In 1950 she pub. Parasites . In 1952 she pub. My Cousin Rachel . In 1953 she pub. Kiss Me Again, Stranger (short stories).", "1989 Died: Daphne du Maurier, English author and playwright who is best known for her novels Rebecca, The Scapegoat, and Jamaica Inn.", "Dame Daphne du Maurier was a British author and playwright. Many of her works have been adapted into films, including the novels Rebecca (which won the Best Picture Oscar in 1941) and Jamaica Inn and the short stories \"The Birds\" and \"Don't Look Now\". The first three were directed by Alfred Hitchcock.", "\"Last night I dreamed we went to Manderley again\" One of the most famous opening lines of a book was also part of my dreams for so many years. I had to go there. To Manderley. Again.", "Manderlay, the house where Max de Winter lived with Rebecca, and his nameless second wife and narrator of Rebecca, is one of the most famous houses in 20th century literature, and one of the most memorable novels written by Daphne du Maurier.", "“Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again.” Who could forget the opening line from Rebecca ? It lets us know that this is a story about a house, and it’s no ordinary pile of bricks.", "Yes, dear readers, it’s Rebecca, Daphne du Maurier’s 1938 novel and one of my personal “stranded on a desert island” picks. Sinking into that sentence—and the ones that follow in the brief first chapter—is like sharing a close friend’s confidences or exploring the journal of a beloved, long-gone relative.", "But I have to stray out of sf/f to mention one of my favorite prologues. It’s from Daphne du Maurier’s 1951 novel My Cousin Rachel. It begins like this:", "Daphne went on to become one of the most successful authors of her time. Her most famous works include Rebecca, Frenchman's Creek, My Cousin Rachel, The Birds and of course, her first big commercial success, Jamaica Inn.  She was created a Dame in 1969, making her Lady Browning; Dame Daphne du Maurier DBE, but she never used the title.", "Manderley, like its inhabitant, Rebecca - a ghost as alive as the house itself - was at the heart of what became an enormously successful novel which was subsequently adapted into a Hitchcock film in 1940. And it was with the proceeds from Rebecca that du Maurier was able to lease Menabilly in 1943, so that she could move into the place that had provided her with such inspiration.", "Daphne du Maurier wrote three plays. Her first was a successful adaptation of her novel Rebecca, which opened at the Queen's Theatre in London on 5 March 1940 in a production by George Devine, starring Celia Johnson and Owen Nares as the De Winters and Margaret Rutherford as Mrs. Danvers. At the end of May, following a run of 181 performances, the production transferred to the Strand Theatre, with Jill Furse taking over as the second Mrs De Winter and Mary Merrall as Mrs Danvers, with a further run of 176 performances.", "Literary critics have sometimes berated du Maurier's works for not being \"intellectually heavyweight\" like those of George Eliot or Iris Murdoch. By the 1950s, when the socially and politically critical \"angry young men\" were in vogue, her writing was felt by some to belong to a bygone age. Today, she has been reappraised as a first-rate storyteller, a mistress of suspense. Her ability to recreate a sense of place is much admired, and her work remains popular worldwide. For several decades she was the most popular author for library book borrowings. The author Sarah Waters states on her website, \"I'd like to have written Rebecca, by Daphne du Maurier. Du Maurier's writing is a bit ropey at times, but her novels and stories are fantastically moody and resonant, and Rebecca, in particular, just feels so fundamentally right – like a myth, or a fairy tale.\" ", "Rebecca, written shortly before World War II, is the story of a naive young woman's marriage to an older man haunted by the memories of his first wife. It was an immediate best-seller and made writer Daphne du Maurier's reputation.", " Even towards the end of her career, du Maurier was borrowing from Gothic�s rich heritage and adding imaginative new twists.  The House on the Strand (1969), a novel in which a sinister potion enables the central character to escape the constraints of his dreary married life by travelling back through time, echoes another sinister potion, one that had allowed Dr. Jekyll to escape the claustrophobic restrictions of polite society by freeing his dark side, the brutal Edward Hyde. Parallels between earlier Gothic fiction and du Maurier�s work are numerous.  Her genius as a writer of Gothic fiction lay in her ability to build upon what had gone before and cast it in a new light.", "Du Maurier drew her inspiration for Manderley from the Cornish mansion of Menabilly © Chichester Partnership", "Sally Beauman has written a companion novel to Daphne du Maurier's 1938 classic Rebecca. She explains why she felt compelled to give du Maurier's silent heroine a voice, and describes the strange sensation of being haunted by a fictional character.", "As Daphne du Maurier tried to reconcile the various parts of her life, as an army wife, a mother and what she called a \"career woman\", Cornwall became ever more significant, principally for the special freedom it represented. She was to stay in Cornwall all her life, because it was here that she felt the freedom to write. Daphne du Maurier's passion for Cornwall comes through in every sentence in this particular book. In many of her stories she explores various personal issues through her writing. This story is not autobiographical as such, but her own perceptions of reality and sense of place are strong throughout. At a symbolic level, the text is rich and complex. Underneath the imagery, the atmosphere, the thrill of the story, the descriptive flair and the superb writing style, Daphne du Maurier's subtext is as fascinating as the surface story.", "In just the same way as Thomas Hardy is forever associated with Wessex, and Charles Dickens with London, so Daphne du Maurier is forever associated with Cornwall. Cornwall gave du Maurier the freedom to write.  Her decision to move to Cornwall, taken when she was only 22, removed her from the distractions of London life, and from the often overpowering influence of her famous family (her father was the actor Gerald du Maurier, while her mother was the actress Muriel Beaumont).  The Cornish countryside, with its rugged coastline, desolate moors, ancient stone circles and rich folklore is imbued with romance, freedom, mystery and danger � a perfect setting for Gothic novels.  Being so distant from London, Cornwall also had a certain freedom from the strictures of government.  During the 18th and early 19th centuries in particular, this freedom, combined with the extreme poverty many of the inhabitants endured, made Cornwall an ideal location for smugglers to carry out their illegal trade.  When you also consider the frequency with which ships foundered on the Cornish coast it is little wonder that tales of wrecking and smuggling grew ever larger in the popular imagination.", "I'm in my 50's now but I read as many Daphne Du Maurier books as I could get my hands on when I was younger. Now I find I'm going through a resurgence of interest. My favourite was Rebecca and I named my daughter Rebecca. I'm just about to purchase \"Rebecca's Tale\" by Sally Beauman - I hope I'm not disappointed. Has anyone read it?", "hi there i really enjoyed the book rebecca and am hoping that i can read some other novels by Daphne Du Maurier thank you very much for letting me come online. many thanks", "“For Daphne du Maurier, “Venetian” was her private word for lesbian, and she herself had a lifelong struggle to come to terms with her own homosexuality, never far from the surface. Furthermore, “going to Venice” was her private code for having a lesbian sexual adventure. Crucially, Du Maurier herself, long before this story was written, went to Venice to get over the death of someone dear to her – her lover Gertrude Lawrence – and it may have been on this visit (although she made a number of literal visits to Venice) that she herself mistook a dwarf for a child. Denial and fear and excitement are transformed, in this story, into a tale of supernatural longing and horror.”  The Guardian", "Daphne du Maurier announces in her introduction that her intention is to write a thrilling imaginative tale, and that,", "DU MAURIER, Daphne. Rebecca. London: Victor Gollancz, 1938. Octavo, original black cloth gilt, original dust jacket. Housed in a custom clamshell box.", "Templeton, Wayne, “Daphne du Maurier,” in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 191: British Novelists Between the Wars, Gale, 1998, pp. 85–94.", "Daphne du Maurier Writing, Identity and the Gothic Imagination by Avril Horner and Susan Zlosnik (Macmillan 1998).", "Harris, June, “du Maurier, Daphne,” in Contemporary Popular Writers, edited by Dave Mote, St. James Press, 1997, pp. 127–29." ]

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[ "Mona Lisa (also known as La Gioconda or La Joconde), often called the Mona Lisa, is a 16th century portrait painted in oil on a poplar panel in Florence by Leonardo da Vinci during the Italian Renaissance. The work is owned by the Government of France and is on the wall in the Louvre in Paris, France with the title Portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo.[1] It is perhaps the most famous and iconic painting in the world.", "Mona Lisa (also known as La Gioconda or La Joconde) is a sixteenth-century portrait painted in oil on a poplar panel in Florence, Italy by Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci during the Renaissance. The work is currently owned by the Government of France and is on display at the Louvre museum in Paris under the title Portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo. Arguably, it is the most famous and iconic painting in the world.", "Mona Lisa (also known as La Gioconda or La Joconde) is a 16th century portrait painted in oil on a poplar panel by Leonardo da Vinci during the Italian Renaissance. The work is owned by the Government of France and is on the wall in the Louvre in Paris, France with the title Portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo. It is perhaps the most famous and iconic painting in the world.", "The MONA LISA (Monna Lisa or La Gioconda in Italian; La Joconde in French) is a half-length portrait of a woman by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci, which has been acclaimed as \"the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world\".", "The \"Mona Lisa\" (or \"La Gioconda\") is one of the world's best-known paintings. Painted by the Florentine artist and inventor, Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), and dating probably from around 1503-05, it depicts a young woman, whose enigmatic expression has been the subject of endless speculation and debate. Pater, a Victorian essayist and critic, elsewhere described the subject of the painting as \"older than the rocks among which she sits\". The \"Mona Lisa\" hangs in the Louvre in Paris.", "The Mona Lisa, also known as the Gioconda, is definitely the most famous painting by Leonardo da Vinci. It is perhaps even the most famous painting in the world. Today it is kept in the Musée du Louvre in Paris, the setting for Dan Brown’s first novel The Da Vinci Code. According to tradition, the Gioconda is the portrait of Lisa Gherardini, known as Mona Lisa, the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, hence the nickname Gioconda.", "Based on the mid-sixteenth century biography of Leonardo da Vinci by Giorgio Vasari, many historians believe the painting is a portrait of Madam Lisa Giocondo, wife of a wealthy Florentine. It is from Vasari that the painting received the name Mona Lisa, also known as La Gioconda in Italian or La Joconde in French. But Vasari published his book thirty-one years after Leonardo's death, and he was known to fill in fact with fragments of fantasy.", "These are all questions that the greatest of art historians find themselves asking about the work of art that is La Giaconda, better known as the Mona Lisa. Painted in 1503 by Leonardo da Vinci, it is the most famous illustration in the world. Ask anyone, and they will know of her and the world famous smile, and the eyes that always seem to be watching you. Da Vinci uses a number of techniques to draw your eyes to these stunning features.", "One of the most extraordinary but least remarked upon features of paintings and sculptures is their persistence as actual, physical objects from other times and places. When we come face-to-face with the Mona Lisa in the Louvre today, we are in the presence of a portrait of a flesh-and-blood woman named Lisa Gheradini (Monna being a contraction for mia donna, or \"my lady\"), the wife of a wealthy Florentine merchant named Francesco del Giocondo (which is why the Italians have always called the painting La Gioconda), painted in oil on wood between 1503 and 1507 by Leonardo da Vinci, one of the three greatest masters of the Italian Renaissance. We rarely pause to reflect on how miraculous it is that this object, this fragment of a world that disappeared hundreds of years ago, continues to exist in present-day Paris. Where other once-celebrated works of art also linger on as physical entities into our own time--museums are brimming over with statues and paintings of Venuses and Apollos, Madonnas and Christs, by masters of ancient, Renaissance, and Baroque art--most of them no longer speak to us, or we no longer know or care enough about them to hear what they might still say. So even though they occupy the same physical space as we do, they are hopelessly stranded in their own time and place; the gap that has opened up between their world and ours can no longer be bridged.", "Leonardo da Vinci's painting of a woman with a slight smile on her face has been the subject of endless discussions among scholars - who is she and why is she smiling? In 2005 the University of Heidelberg finally managed to identify Mona Lisa as Lisa del Giocondo - a member of the Gherardini family of Florence and Tuscany who commissioned the painting to be finished in 1506.", "Jn 1499 Ludovico Sforza lost control of Milan following a war with France, forcing Leonardo to leave the city in search of a new patron. Leonardo moved back to Florence. It was here that he painted his most famous painting — the Mora Lisa. It is believed that the Mona Lisa is a painting of the wife of a wealthy silk merchant, Francesco del Giocondo, and that the painting was commissioned to celebrate the birth of their second child. The painting is famous because of its use of sfumato and the woman’s strange smile. She also seems to be looking at you from whichever angle you view the portrait.", "The word ‘Mona’ is derived from ‘Madonna’ meaning ‘my lady.’ The subject of the painting, Lisa del Giocondo, was the wife of a rich Florentine silk merchant, and she belonged to the Gherardini family of Florence. The painting was intended to celebrate their new home and the birth of their second son. This half-size portrait is reputed as ‘the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most parodied work of art in the world.’ It was painted between 1503 and 1506. King Francis I of France acquired it from the pupil of Leonardo. It had been in the bedroom of Napoleon for a short time. It is permanently displayed at Musee de Louvre in Paris. The composition of the painting is its illusionary atmosphere, modeling of form, and the subtle and inexplicable smile of Lisa that are the salient features of this painting. An air hostess’s smile is a pleasing experience for the passengers of a flight, and the smile of ‘Mona Lisa’ has been an enjoyable experience by innumerable visitors to the Musee de Louvre from all over the world since the Mona Lisa has been displayed there.", "Vasari's account of the Mona Lisa comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death. It has long been the best-known source of information on the provenance of the work and identity of the sitter. Leonardo's assistant Salaì, at his death in 1525, owned a portrait which in his personal papers was named la Gioconda, a painting bequeathed to him by Leonardo.", "# The title and lyrics refer, of course, to the renaissance portrait \"Mona Lisa\" painted by Leonardo da Vinci around 1506, and which has been on permanent display at the Louvre Museum in Paris, France since 1797.", "So even if the convent skull is a match to the Mona Lisa painting, there will continue to be mysteries around the painting and its concealed meanings. It should be read at different levels, not just as a portrait, declared Vinceti. He is excited about the DNA testing on the Mona Lisa painting. Vinceti and his team of Italian investigators are close to starting the tests on bones which they believe might to Lisa Gherardini, a Florentine woman whom is thought to have been the actual model for Leonardo da Vinci’s portrait.", "Salvador Dalí, famous for his surrealist work, painted Self portrait as Mona Lisa in 1954. In 1963 following the painting's visit to the United States, Andy Warhol created serigraph prints of multiple Mona Lisas called Thirty are Better than One, like his works of Marilyn Monroe (Twenty-five Coloured Marilyns, 1962), Elvis Presley (1964) and Campbell's soup (1961–62). The Mona Lisa continues to inspire artists around the world. A French urban artist known pseudonymously as Invader has created versions on city walls in Paris and Tokyo using his trademark mosaic style. A collection of Mona Lisa parodies may be found on YouTube. A 2014 New Yorker magazine cartoon parodies the supposed enigma of the Mona Lisa smile in an [http://www.newyorker.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/daily-cartoon-141003-monalisasmall.gif animation] showing progressively maniacal smiles.", "This is a retouched picture of the Mona Lisa, a painting by Leonardo DaVinci, currently housed at the Louvre museum in Paris, France. It has been digitally altered from it's original version by modifying its colors.", "- The subject may have been a wife of a prominent Florentine merchant. The solid, pyramidal form of her half-length figure is silhouetted against distant, hazy mountains that give the painting a sense of mystery. To achieve this atmosphere and to help unify his compositions, Leonardo partly covered his paintings with a thin, lightly tinted varnish, which helped create the effect of an overall smoky haze, or sfumato. Mona Lisa's facial expression has been called enigmatic because her gentle smile is not accompanied by the warmth one would expect to see in her eyes, which have shifted to the side to look straight out at the viewer. In the context of the mask-like detachment that was more characteristic of earlier Renaissance portraits, this expressive complexity, and the sense of psychological presence it gives to the human face, especially, is striking. The implied challenge of her direct stare, contrasting with her apparent serenity, has made this painting well known.", "Mona The Mona Lisa is the most famous painting in the world and artist Charlotte Brown took its gaze to produce two instantly recognisable eyes on this “lamby”. Mona is located in St Paul’s Square, off Old Hall Street, and sponsored by English Cities Fund.", "Leonardo da Vinci began painting the Mona Lisa in 1503, during the Italian Renaissance and, according to Vasari, \"after he had lingered over it four years, left it unfinished....\" He is thought to have continued to work on it for three years after he moved to France and to have finished it shortly before he died in 1519. Leonardo took the painting from Italy to France in 1516 when King François I invited the painter to work at the Clos Lucé near the king's castle in Amboise. Most likely through the heirs of Leonardo's assistant Salai, the king bought the painting for 4,000 écus and kept it at Château Fontainebleau, where it remained until given to Louis XIV. Louis XIV moved the painting to the Palace of Versailles. After the French Revolution, it was moved to the Louvre. Napoleon I had it moved to his bedroom in the Tuileries Palace; later it was returned to the Louvre. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870пїЅ1871) it was moved from the Louvre to a hiding place elsewhere in France.", "After experts confirmed the authenticity of the painting, was hastily organized a touring exhibition in Italy. Shortly after, the painting in 1913 came back to the place where it has been stolen. Since then you can see Leonardo da Vinci's \"Mona Lisa\" onlly behind bulletproof glass and safety clearance in the Louvre in Paris .The attraction is now grown so much that there are museum signs that tourists only lead to this artwork.", "On this day—Aug. 21, 1911—the Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre in Paris . The work of art, by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci, is believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506. The painter Louis Béroud first discovered the theft when he walked to the place where the Mona Lisa had been on display and found only four iron pegs instead of the famous painting. After the museum confirmed that the painting had in fact been stolen, it was closed for a week to aid the investigation.", "Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa may be 'the world's most famous painting' but almost everything about it is obscure. We don't know precisely when it was painted, we don't know for certain who she is, and as we stare at her puzzling features for the umpteenth time we are inclined to ask ourselves: what is it about her? It is that question, in all its historical and cultural ramifications, which is addressed in Donald Sassoon's elegant and comprehensive study of the Mona Lisa phenomenon.", "The famous Leonardo Da Vinci painting \"The Mona Lisa\" is seen on display in the Grande Galerie of the Louvre museum in Paris, France.  (Pascal Le Segretain/Staff / Getty Images)", "1911 – It was announced that Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” had been stolen from the Louvre Museum in Paris. It was actually stolen on the 21st. The painting reappeared two years later in Italy.", "The Mona Lisa may or may not be the most beautiful painting in the world, but it is certainly the most famous. How this came to be makes a great story in Becoming Mona Lisa: The Making of a Global Icon, a remarkably inclusive and wide-ranging book. Witty and lucid, it is not only about the painting but about fashions and history, and the role chance plays in our search for objects of fame. ", "The astonishing brilliance of color and subtlety of modeling in Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa has been revealed by a remarkable combination of art and science. Sophisticated computer imaging, application of color filters and tonal adjustments were applied in this completely original digital restoration by the author to reproduce the appearance of the original work of art in Leonardo’s time.", "On August 21, 1911, Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre by Vincenzo Peruggia, an Italian laborer living in Paris.", "1913. Two years after it was stolen from the Louvre Museum in Paris, Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece The Mona Lisa is recovered inside Italian waiter Vincenzo Peruggia's hotel room in Florence. Peruggia had previously worked at the Louvre and had participated in the heist with a group of accomplices dressed as Louvre janitors on the morning of August 21, 1911.", "The Mona Lisa on display in the Uffizi Gallery, in Florence, December 1913. Museum director Giovanni Poggi (right) inspects the painting. From Roger-Viollet/The Image Works.", "How, then, did the Mona Lisa come to occupy its unparalleled place in the pantheon of Western art? The discovery of Leonardo the scientific genius, coupled with the nascent myth of Leonardo the artistic genius whose perfectionism prevented him from bringing but a few works to completion, was the first crucial step in the artist's deification. Early in the century, Goethe set the tone when he spoke rhapsodically of Leonardo's \"universal genius.\" But it remained for literary men of the next generation, who were mesmerized by a new Romantic image of women as femmes fatales, enticing but dangerous, to apotheosize the Mona Lisa. Although many writers associated with the art-for-art's-sake movement in France and England paid enthusiastic tribute to the painting, Th�ophile Gautier and Walter Pater are now best known for launching it on its modern path to what is now inelegantly called \"iconicity.\"", "\"I'm enthralled by every page of Dianne Hales's Mona Lisa. The mysteries of the painting remain but through Hales's portraits of the people, and her skilled rendering of customs, politics, and daily habits of the time, you come to know the painting in profound new ways. The great pleasure of her prose brings Lisa Gheradini's world to vivid life. Anyone who loves art and Italy—and who doesn't?—will adore this book.\"" ]

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[ "19. IN LONGFELLOW'S FAMOUS POEM \"THE SONG OF HIAWATHA\" WHAT WAS THE NAME OF HIAWATHA'S WIFE?", "Longfellow chose to set The Song of Hiawatha at the Pictured Rocks, one of the locations along the south shore of Lake Superior favored by narrators of the Manabozho stories. The Song presents a legend of Hiawatha and his lover Minnehaha in 22 chapters (and an Introduction). Hiawatha is not introduced until Chapter III.", "The Song presents a legend of Hiawatha and his lover, Minnehaha . It closes with the approach of a birch canoe to Hiawatha's village, containing \"the Priest of Prayer, the Pale-face.\" Hiawatha welcomes him joyously; and the \"Black-Robe chief\"", "Intentionally epic in scope, The Song of Hiawatha was described by its author as \"this Indian Edda\". But Thompson judged that despite Longfellow's claimed \"chapter and verse\" citations, the work \"produce[s] a unity the original will not warrant,\" i.e., it is non-Indian in its totality. Thompson found close parallels in plot between the poem and its sources, with the major exception that Longfellow took legends told about multiple characters and substituted the character \"Hiawatha\" as the protagonist of them all. Resemblances between the original stories, as \"reshaped by Schoolcraft,\" and the episodes in the poem are but superficial, and Longfellow omits important details essential to Ojibwe narrative construction, characterization, and theme. This is the case even with \"Hiawatha’s Fishing,\" the episode closest to its source. Of course, some important parts of the poem were more or less Longfellow’s invention from fragments or his imagination. \"The courtship of Hiawatha and Minnehaha, the least ‘Indian’ of any of the events in ‘Hiawatha,’ has come for many readers to stand as the typical American Indian tale.\" Also, \"in exercising the function of selecting incidents to make an artistic production, Longfellow . . . omitted all that aspect of the Manabozho saga which considers the culture hero as a trickster,\" this despite the fact that Schoolcraft had already diligently avoided what he himself called \"vulgarisms.\"", "  The Song of Hiawatha 'by the shores of gitche-gumee, made Minehaha waterfall in Minneapolis famous, Nokomis was the name of Hiawatha's grandmother In \"Hiawatha\" she's the \"daughter of the moon\",", "Frances finally accepted his proposal the following spring, ushering in the happiest eighteen years of Longfellow's life. The couple had six children, five of whom lived to adulthood, and the marriage gave him new confidence. In 1847, he published Evangeline, a book-length poem about what would now be called \"ethnic cleansing.\" The poem takes place as the British drive the French from Nova Scotia, and two lovers are parted, only to find each other years later when the man is about to die.", "American landscape painters referred to the poem to add an epic dimension to their patriotic celebration of the wonders of the national landscape. Albert Bierstadt presented his sunset piece, The Departure of Hiawatha, to Longfellow in 1868 when the poet was in England to receive an honorary degree at the University of Cambridge. Other examples include Thomas Moran's Fiercely the Red Sun Descending, Burned His Way along the Heavens (1875), held by the North Carolina Museum of Art, and the panoramic waterfalls of Hiawatha and Minnehaha on their Honeymoon (1885) by Jerome Thompson (1814 – 1886). Thomas Eakins made of his Hiawatha (c.1874) a visionary statement superimposed on the fading light of the sky. ", "        (John Alden, above, wooed and later married Priscilla Mullins, and was the subject of the famous 1858 poem by William Wadsworth Longfellow, �The Courtship of Miles Standish�.)", "\"Hiawatha\" is one of the most widely recognized Indian names among non-Indian Americans, thanks to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Unfortunately, his character is a classic case of mistaken identity. The real subject of the poem, an Ojibwe hero named Nanabozho, was confused with the Iroquoian Hiawatha in a mid-nineteenth century work by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft that inspired Longfellow.", "On September 14, 1831, Longfellow married Mary Storer Potter, a childhood friend from Portland. The couple settled in Brunswick, though the two were not happy there. Longfellow published several nonfiction and fiction prose pieces inspired by Irving, including \"The Indian Summer\" and \"The Bald Eagle\" in 1833. ", " Older students can read the epic poem in its entirety, which is available online.  Younger students can illustrate a homemade booklet using an excerpt of the poem called Hiawatha’s Childhood.   Here is a printable featuring that portion of Longfellow’s poem .  “Hiawatha’s Childhood” tells of how Nokomis, Hiawatha’s grandmother, taught him the ways of life, nature, and the animals after his mother died in childbirth.    ", "First edition, first issue with \"dove\" for \"dive\" and the earliest state of ads dated November 1855. A very good copy in the original publisher's gilt stamped, ribbed cloth. Light rubbing to corners, former owner signature to second endpaper, chipping to spine ends and internally tight and clean with only a few scattered spots. The Song of Hiawatha is an epic poem written in trochaic tetrameter that features the protagonist Hiawatha, a Native American leader whose name means \"He Makes Rivers.\" The poem's meter, which has been criticized as monotonous, lends itself to the poem, which includes many unfamiliar Native American words. Although he is based on an actual Iroquois of the same name, Longfellow's Hiawatha is much less realistic than his inspiration; in The Song of Hiawatha, the protagonist is a warrior, peacemaker, prophet, discoverer of corn, and inventor of the written word. The Native American legends and folklore that Longfellow intended to reiterate and commemorate in this volume are similarly embellished. Regardless of its historical accuracy, however, The Song of Hiawatha is an extremely popular and beloved poem. Indeed, many schools, towns, and landmarks around the United States bear the name \"Hiawatha\" in honor of Longfellow's epic poem.", "'Evangeline' was published in 1847 and was widely acclaimed. Longfellow began to feel that his work as a teacher was a hindrance to his own writing. In 1854, he resigned from Harvard and with a great sense of freedom gave himself entirely to the joyous task of his own poetic writing. In June of that year, he began 'The Song of Hiawatha'. Henry Schoolcraft's book on Indians and several meetings with an Ojibway chief provided the background for 'Hiawatha'. The long poem begins with Gitche Matino, the Great Spirit, commanding his people to live in peace and tells how Hiawatha is born. It ends with the coming of the white man and Hiawatha's death.", "Bio: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was an American poet and educator whose works include Paul Revere's Ride, The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline. He was also the first American to translate Dante Alighieri's The Divine Comedy and was one of the five Fireside Poets.", "...He taught agriculture, navigation, medicine, and the arts, conquering by his magic all the powers of nature that war against man. The story of Hiawatha is told in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s Song of Hiawatha (1855), a long poem, written in the metre of the Finnish Kalevala, that enjoyed wide popularity.", "^ Hawthorne, Hildegarde. The Poet of Craigie House: The Story of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. New York: D. Appleton-Century Company, 1936: 130.", "\"Hiawatha\" the chief, of whom the Great Spirit was an ancestor, was the founder of the confederacy of the Five Nations. He devoted his long life to the good of his people and finally was borne in the flesh to the Happy Hunting Ground. The writer is indebted to As-quo-sont-wah, a member of the Onondaga Tribe, an authority on Local Lore, and well known among the white men as Edward Winslow Paige, for an account of the tradition which fixes the home of Hiawatha at Schonowo (Schenectady). Mr. Paige owns the lot at the west end of Union St, on the banks of the Brenekill, upon which the castle and the residence stood. He points out to visitors the existing traces of Indian occupation. \"T\"", "The Song of Hiawatha is an epic poem written in trochaic tetrameter. In 1855, the Washington National Intelligencer declared Longfellow's poem to be \"perhaps America's only epic.\" Within two years, Hiawatha had sold over 50,000 copies. This edition contains no illustrations, but a rare 1890 edition was published with illustrations by Frederic Remington.", "Longfellow is the poet who has spoken most sincerely and sympathetically to the hearts of the common people and to children. His style is notable for its simplicity and grace. His Hiawatha is a national poem that records the picturesque traditions of the American Indian. Its charm and melody are the delight of all children, and in years to come, when the race which it describes has utterly disappeared, we shall value at even higher worth these stories of the romantic past of America and of the brave people who inhabited these mountains and plains before the white man came.", "The following entry presents criticism of Longfellow’s narrative poem The Song of Hiawatha (1855). See also, Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie Criticism.", "In his book on the development of the image of the Indian in American thought and literature, Pearce wrote about The Song of Hiawatha: \"It was Longfellow who fully realized for mid-nineteenth century Americans the possibility of [the] image of the noble savage. He had available to him not only [previous examples of] poems on the Indian . . . but also the general feeling that the Indian belonged nowhere in American life but in dim prehistory. He saw how the mass of Indian legends which Schoolcraft was collecting depicted noble savages out of time, and offered, if treated right, a kind of primitive example of that very progress which had done them in. Thus in Hiawatha he was able, matching legend with a sentimental view of a past far enough away in time to be safe and near enough in space to be appealing, fully to image the Indian as noble savage. For by the time Longfellow wrote Hiawatha, the Indian as a direct opponent of civilization was dead, yet was still heavy on American consciences . . . . The tone of the legend and ballad…would color the noble savage so as to make him blend in with a dim and satisfying past about which readers could have dim and satisfying feelings.\" [13]", "Longfellow often used didacticism in his poetry, though he focused on it less in his later years. Much of his poetry imparts cultural and moral values, particularly focused on promoting life as being more than material pursuits. Longfellow also often used allegory in his work. In \"Nature\", for example, death is depicted as bedtime for a cranky child. Many of the metaphors he used in his poetry as well as subject matter came from legends, mythology, and literature. He was inspired, for example, by Norse mythology for \"The Skeleton in Armor\" and by Finnish legends for The Song of Hiawatha. In fact, Longfellow rarely wrote on current subjects and seemed detached from contemporary American concerns.Arvin, 321 Even so, Longfellow, like many during this period, called for the development of high quality American literature. In Kavanagh, a character says:", "  Mr. Longfellow began writing Hiawatha June 25, 1854. It was finished March 29, 1855, and published November 10. It is doubtful if the poet wrote any of his longer works with more abandonment, with more thorough enjoyment of his task, with a keener sense of the originality of his venture, and by consequence, with more perplexity when he thought of his readers. He tried the poem on his friends more freely than had been customary with him, and with varied results. His own mind, as he neared the test of publication, wavered a little in its moods. Proof sheets of Hiawatha, he wrote in June, 1855. I am growing idiotic about this song, and no longer know whether it is good or bad; and later still: In great doubt about a canto of Hiawatha,whether to retain or suppress it. It is odd how confused ones mind becomes about such matters from long looking at the same subject.", "In England, Lewis Carroll published Hiawatha's Photographing (1857), which he introduced by noting (in the same rhythm as the Longfellow poem), \"In an age of imitation, I can claim no special merit for this slight attempt at doing what is known to be so easy. Any fairly practised writer, with the slightest ear for rhythm, could compose, for hours together, in the easy running metre of The Song of Hiawatha. Having then distinctly stated that I challenge no attention in the following little poem to its merely verbal jingle, I must beg the candid reader to confine his criticism to its treatment of the subject.\" A poem of some 200 lines, it describes Hiawatha's attempts to photograph the members of a pretentious middle-class family ending in disaster.", "\"The Village Blacksmith\" is a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, first published in 1840. The poem describes a local blacksmith and his daily life. The blacksmith serves as a role model who balances his job with the role he plays with his family and community. Years after its publication, a tree mentioned in the poem was cut down and part of it was made into an armchair which was then presented to Longfellow by local schoolchildren.", "\"The Village Blacksmith\" is a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , first published in 1840. The poem describes a local blacksmith and his daily life. The blacksmith serves as a role model who balances his job with the role he plays with his family and community. Years after its publication, a tree mentioned in the poem was cut down and part of it was made into an armchair which was then presented to Longfellow by local schoolchildren.", "Possibly the most memorialized woman in the United States with statues and monuments, Sacagawea lived a short but legendarily eventful life in the American West. Born in 1788 or 1789, a member of the Lemhi band of the Native American Shoshone tribe, Sacagawea grew up surrounded by the Rocky Mountains in the Salmon River region of what is now Idaho .", "\"LONGFELLOW. This bust was placed amongst the memorials of the poets of England by the English admirers of an American poet.1884\"", "America also produced major poets in the 19th century, such as Emily Dickinson (1830–86) and Walt Whitman (1819–92). America's two greatest 19th-century poets could hardly have been more different in temperament and style. Walt Whitman (1819–92) was a working man, a traveler, a self-appointed nurse during the American Civil War (1861–65), and a poetic innovator. His major work was Leaves of Grass, in which he uses a free-flowing verse and lines of irregular length to depict the all-inclusiveness of American democracy. Emily Dickinson (1830–86), on the other hand, lived the sheltered life of a genteel, unmarried woman in small-town Amherst, Massachusetts. Within its formal structure, her poetry is ingenious, witty, exquisitely wrought, and psychologically penetrating. Her work was unconventional for its day, and little of it was published during her lifetime.", "Longfellow cites the Indian words he used as from the works by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft. The majority of the words were Ojibwa, with a few from the Dakota, Cree and Onondaga languages.", "Longfellow cites the Indian words he used came from the works by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft . The majority of the words he records come from the Ojibwa language , with a few of the words from the Dakota , Cree and Onondaga languages.", "Whitefield's death and burial at Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1770 made a deep impression on Americans from all walks of life. Among the eulogies composed for Whitefield was one from an unexpected source: a poem by a seventeen-year-old Boston slave, Phillis Wheatley (ca. 1753-1784), who had only been in the colonies for nine years. Freed by her owners, Phillis Wheatley continued her literary career and was acclaimed as the \"African poetess.\"" ]

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[ "The Wife of Bath has one of the longest introductions in the Canterbury Tales. She explains she has had five husbands and proceeds to discuss each in repose. The Wife of Bath�s tale begins to worry one of her fellow guests who ask if all women are like her. She quickly bids him to remain silent until the tale is over. The Wife of Bath�s tale is not just about women seeking many husbands and controlling their husbands.", "The Wife of Bath -  Bath is an English town on the Avon River, not the name of this woman’s husband. Though she is a seamstress by occupation, she seems to be a professional wife. She has been married five times and had many other affairs in her youth, making her well practiced in the art of love. She presents herself as someone who loves marriage and sex, but, from what we see of her, she also takes pleasure in rich attire, talking, and arguing. She is deaf in one ear and has a gap between her front teeth, which was considered attractive in Chaucer’s time. She has traveled on pilgrimages to Jerusalem three times and elsewhere in Europe as well.", "The most ostentatious of the travelers, the Wife of Bath has been married five times and is currently searching for another man to marry. The Wife of Bath is opinionated and boisterous, and her tale, which centers around the question \"what do women want?,\" promotes her view that women wish to have authority over men.", "The analysis of the Wife of Bath seems to be about analyzing how many husbands and lovers a woman can have, and what status that gives her in society. In the Middle Ages, an independent woman with five dead husbands who seeks sovereignty over men is an unusual character. One cannot really judge the Wife of Bath. The Scales of Morality are loaded against her, but the woman is obviously successful both financially and in marriage. She is not bad -- it is just that she is very practical and devoid of illusions about romantic love. Her love is very physical, and is associated with physical pleasures.", "The way that the Wife of Bath dresses and behaves suggests the directness of her character. Before telling her story, she gives a little of her autobiography in \"The Wife of Bath's Prologue.\" She believes in experience -- not authority. She was married for the first time when she was twelve and has had four more husbands since. In fact, she met her fifth husband at the funeral of the fourth. She tells us that she noticed the nice legs of the man that was carrying the coffin. Now, on this pilgrimage, Alisoun is looking for her sixth one:", "The Wife of Bath gives a lengthy account of her feelings about marriage. Quoting from the Bible, the Wife argues against those who believe it is wrong to marry more than once, and she explains how she dominated and controlled each of her five husbands. She married her fifth husband, Jankyn, for love instead of money. After the Wife has rambled on for a while, the Friar butts in to complain that she is taking too long, and the Summoner retorts that friars are like flies, always meddling. The Friar promises to tell a tale about a summoner, and the Summoner promises to tell a tale about a friar. The Host cries for everyone to quiet down and allow the Wife to commence her tale.", "The Wife of Bath is presented to readers in \"The General Prologue\" as a devoted pilgrim who has made three trips to Jerusalem and has been to Rome as well as to several other shrines in different countries. Since in the Middle Ages women were to be governed by their husbands and were encouraged to stay home, the only way a woman might leave her house was to go on pilgrimage. Alisoun has been married five times and \"knows the remedies of love.\" Chaucer finishes Wife's description by saying: \"She was a worthy womman al her live\"(Norton, 92).", "The importance of sovereignty for her can be seen in her tale. The tale of the Wife of Bath is an ironic parody of the classic fairy-tale of knighthood. There is a knight, a hag, and a magical transformation, but the knight is not really honorable and the hag does not look that good, either. The Wife does include a long lecture on the origins of nobility that consequently leads to discussion on sovereignty. \"The Wife of Bath's Tale\" shows her values -- that as long as she has sovereignty over her sixth husband they will live happily, making love every day (since it is hard to imagine that the Wife of Bath would want a man for anything besides that).", "From the beginning through the Wife of Bath’s description of her first three husbands Fragment 3, lines 1–451", "The Wife is quite prepared to use marriage to secure material wealth and establish her own social status: her first four husbands are all wealthy men; when she eventually marries the \"joly clerk, Jankin\" she is sufficiently wealthy no longer to need to seek material gain from the liaison. Indeed, in a sense, Jankin's marrying her corresponds to her earlier marriages, as he accepts an older partner for material advantage. That four husbands prior to Jankin have died may suggest (if probability is being observed by Chaucer) that the Wife has deliberately chosen men old enough to be likely to die soon - though the fourth husband's taking a mistress indicates that he, at least, was not quite in his dotage. The Wife's insatiable sexual desire may also have taken its toll of the first three husbands. Jankin's early death is more surprising (we are not told the cause) in that he is a young man, but premature death was hardly a rare occurrence in Chaucer's time. That she might use marriages to accumulate wealth is no source of shame to the Wife. She rather prides herself on her acumen in securing \"tresor\" and \"land\", and on her ability to make her husbands bring her gifts and knick-knacks from fairs.", "The Canterbury Tales - The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales, a masterpiece of English Literature, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, is a collection, with frequent dramatic links, of 24 tales told to pass the time during a spring pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Thomas a Becket in Canterbury. The General Prologue introduces the pilgrims, 29 \"sondry folk\" gathered at the Tabard Inn in Southwark (outside of London). Chaucer decides to join them, taking some time to describe each pilgrim. According to the Norton Anthology, \"the composition of none of the tales can be accurately dated; most of them were written during the last fourteen years of Chaucer's life, although a few were probably written earlier and inserted...   [tags: Chaucer Canterbury Tales Essays]", "The Canterbury Tales (Middle English: Tales of Caunterbury) is a collection of 24 stories that runs to over 17,000 lines written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer. In 1386, Chaucer became Controller of Customs and Justice of Peace and, three years later, Clerk of the King's work in 1389. It was during these years that Chaucer began working on his most famous text, The Canterbury Tales. The tales (mostly written in verse, although some are in prose) are presented as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from London to Canterbury in order to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The prize for this contest is a free meal at the Tabard Inn at Southwark on their return.", "The Knight's Tale in Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales - The Knight's Tale in Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales The Knight's Tale is one of the twenty-two completed Canterbury Tales by the celebrated English Writer Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400). The Canterbury Tales are a collection of 120 stories that Chaucer began writing in 1386, and planned to complete during his lifetime. Each of the tales features a large range of characters in a great variety of medieval plots, along with interesting dramatic interaction. The Knight's Tale itself was completed sometime between 1386 and 1400....   [tags: Knight Tale Canterbury Tales Chaucer Essays]", "After this, Chaucer's life is uncertain, but he seems to have travelled in France, Spain, and Flanders, possibly as a messenger and perhaps even going on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela. Around 1366, Chaucer married Philippa (de) Roet. She was a lady-in-waiting to Edward III's queen, Philippa of Hainault, and a sister of Katherine Swynford, who later (c. 1396) became the third wife of John of Gaunt. It is uncertain how many children Chaucer and Philippa had, but three or four are most commonly cited. His son, Thomas Chaucer, had an illustrious career, as chief butler to four kings, envoy to France, and Speaker of the House of Commons. Thomas's daughter, Alice, married the Duke of Suffolk. Thomas's great-grandson (Geoffrey's great-great-grandson), John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, was the heir to the throne designated by Richard III before he was deposed. Geoffrey's other children probably included Elizabeth Chaucy, a nun at Barking Abbey, Agnes, an attendant at Henry IV's coronation; and another son, Lewis Chaucer. Chaucer's \"Treatise on the Astrolabe\" was written for Lewis. ", "Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) - Author of The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories exposing the materialism of a variety of English people.", "Re-read the portrait of the Wife from the General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales (pp. 33,34, Cambridge edn.) and the section from line 224 (\"Now herkneth hou I bar me proprely...\"; p. 42) to line 480 (\"Now wol I tellen of my fourthe housbonde\"; p. 50). How are the character of the Wife of Bath and the general themes of her Prologue and Tale presented here?", "The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer - The Canterbury Tales is a set of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the fourteenth century. The stories were told by a group of pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral, in hopes to see a shrine of Saint Thomas Becket. To make time go by the host recommended each pilgrim tell a tale. The tale that each character gives, reveals that person’s background and life. Some pilgrims matched their stereotype of that time but most do not. The Prioress, Madame Eglentyne, and Wife of Bath, Allison, are two characters that do not fit their stereotype of the Middle Ages....   [tags: The Canterbury Tales Essays]", "Chaucer’s personal life is less documented than his professional life. In the late 1360s, he married Philippa Roet, who served Edward III’s queen. They had at least two sons together. Philippa was the sister to the mistress of John of Gaunt, the duke of Lancaster. For John of Gaunt, Chaucer wrote one of his first poems, The Book of the Duchess, which was a lament for the premature death of John’s young wife, Blanche. Whether or not Chaucer had an extramarital affair is a matter of some contention among historians. In a legal document that dates from 1380, a woman named Cecily Chaumpaigne released Chaucer from the accusation of seizing her (raptus), though whether the expression denotes that he raped her, committed adultery with her, or abducted her son is unclear. Chaucer’s wife Philippa apparently died in 1387.", "How far do you agree that Chaucer has presented the Wife of Bath's character as a mass of contradictions?", "Geoffrey Chaucer 1343�1400 middle english language, the Father of English literature, first poet to have been buried in Poet's Corner of Westminster Abbey. Troilus and Criseyde, he is best known today for The Canterbury Tales. wife of bath, knight, miller, The travellers in Chaucer's \"Canterbury Tales\" are on a pilgrimage to shrine of Thomas a Becket 12th c. martyr, The pilgrims in this poetic work include a knight, a cook, a squire, a miller & a merchant. \"The Knight's Tale\" by this 14th century author is based on Boccaccio's poem \"Teseida\"", "The tale is often regarded as the first of the so-called \"marriage group\" of tales, which includes the Clerk's, the Merchant's and the Franklin's tales. But some scholars contest this grouping, first proposed by Chaucer scholar Eleanor Prescott Hammond and subsequently elaborated by George Lyman Kittredge, not least because the later tales of Melibee and the Nun's Priest also discuss this theme. A separation between tales that deal with moral issues and ones that deal with magical issues, as the Wife of Bath's does, is favoured by some scholars.", "6. In the case of the Wife of Bath, there is an obvious imbalance of length between Prologue and Tale - There are other substantial prologues (as the Pardoner's) but nothing approaching the Wife's for length; few of the tales are as brief, and the brevity is all the more conspicuous, the Tale following, as it does, such a long Prologue. This imbalance is intended by Chaucer, and explained by the nature of the Prologue: it is not just an introduction to the Tale but a slice of autobiography, well worth the telling; it proves, so to speak, the moral of the Tale; but equally well it could stand alone, as it is so full of entertaining incident.", "The tale the Wife of Bath tells about the transformation of an old hag into a beautiful maid was quite well known in folk legend and poetry. One of Chaucer’s contemporaries, the poet John Gower, wrote a version of the same tale that was very popular in Chaucer’s time. But whereas the moral of the folk tale of the loathsome hag is that true beauty lies within, the Wife of Bath arrives at such a conclusion only incidentally. Her message is that, ugly or fair, women should be obeyed in all things by their husbands.", "The Representation of Medieval Women In The Canterbury Tales - The Representation of Medieval Women In The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer, and English writer and civil servant, began writing his most famous work The Canterbury Tales in 1386 (Chaucer iii). The story is about a group of pilgrims who journey together to Canterbury to seek the shrines of St. Thomas á Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, who was killed by order of Henry II in 1170 (1). During this pilgrimage, each character is introduced and is given a chance to tell a story to pass the time. In “The Knight’s Tale,” and “The Wife of Bath’s Prologue,” Chaucer represents two very different type of medieval women by representing women who differ in power over men and virtues....   [tags: Literary Analysis, Geoffrey Chaucer]", "Some have theorised that the Wife's tale may have been written to ease Chaucer's guilty conscience. It is recorded that in 1380 associates of Chaucer stood surety for an amount equal to half his yearly salary for a charge brought by Cecily Champaign for \"de rapto,\" rape or abduction; the same view has been taken of his Legend of Good Women, which Chaucer himself describes as a penance. ", "Free Canterbury Tales Essays: The Knight and the Wife of Bath - The Character of the Knight of the Wife of Bath          The knight from the \"Wife of Bath's Tale\" is not a very likable personality. His actions suggest he is just an abstract character, a receiver of the actions, who is used to give the tale's plot a meaning. Neither he nor other characters in the story are even mentioned by name. However, the traits of his character are very real and do exist in the real world. Brought together, they create an un-exciting personality of a man without a purpose in life....   [tags: Wife of Bath Essays]", "The Wife of Bath as neither a Feminist nor Antifeminist character The wife of bath, a character... in The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, has consistently been labeled as either a feminist or an antifeminist. Being to able to label her is not as easy as it first appears however. She displays behavior and speech at various times throughout her prologue and story that when taken by itself or out of context could lead a reader to make such a judgment, but when everything she mentions and uses...", "Chaucer, Geoffrey. “The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale.” From The Riverside Chaucer, Third Edition. Ed. Larry D. Benson. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1987.", "The Wife of Bath makes it a point to be the first one to give her offerings at church and refuses to give them if anyone else does it before her. Today's reader might not consider this little detail seriously, but Chaucer's contemporaries would have certainly understood such a desire to be noticed. David Parker says about the Wife: \"� the fact that the Dame Alisoun is so wrathful that she is 'out of alle charitee' when someone usurps what she considers to be her rightful place is an indication, not of conceit, but of the frank pride in achievement.\"", " The Second Nun's Tale is the only work of true Hagiography in the Canterbury Tales. Several tales have heroic, suffering women as central characters: Custance, Griselda, and perhaps Virginia, but Cecilia is the only canonized saint and Chaucer can hardly be blamed if the 20th century is not very impressed by her historical credentials.", "With some digging, we are finding out much about women and the position of women at the time. Chaucer's ear for detail has provided many links! Do you know what I'm thinking? We should make a list and publish our own on-line annotated Canterbury Tales - as such a thing is so very difficult to find!!!", "Chaucer is aware of the commercialization of the married state. In order to get needed money, the wife has to give herself to the monk as well as to her husband." ]

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[ "Tarzan of the Apes is the first of a long series of novels about John Clayton, Lord Greystoke, who is born in the western coastal jungles of Africa to marooned parents who are killed shortly after his birth. Clayton is adopted as an infant by the she-ape Kala and is renamed “Tarzan” which means “white skin” in the ape language. He is raised as an ape. The apes in the novel are not gorillas, but a species of ape that was invented by the author, who have a complex culture and language of their own. Tarzan feels alienated from the other apes due to his physical differences. Eventually, he discovers his biological parents’ cabin where he learns of other humans like himself from picture books. Tarzan teaches himself to read and write via a dictionary that was part of his parent’s meager library.", "Tarzan [0] Tarzan was a small orphan who was raised by an ape named Kala since he was a child. He believed that this was his family, but on an expedition Jane Porter is rescued by Tarzan. He then finds out that he's human.", "Tarzan was born in the African jungle to Lord John and Lady Alice Greystoke. After the death of Lord and Lady Greystoke, Tarzan was taken and raised by the ape Kala. Tarzan grew knowing nothing of his \"human\" life, always thinking that he was an ape. With the help of the books and tools left in what was once the cabin where Tarzan's parents lived, he was able to teach himself to read and write, but not to speak.", "The Beasts of Tarzan The Adventures of Lord Greystoke, Book Three Edgar Rice Burroughs First, in Tarzan of the Apes, the orphaned young Lord Greystoke was adopted by a great ape and taught the ways of the jungle and how to survive in the wild. In The Return of Tarzan he had to learn the equally deadly laws of “civilized” European society. Now, in this third thrilling installment in Edgar Rice Burroughs’s perennially popular series, Tarzan is exiled on a wild island filled with dangers. There, he must enlist the help of a noble panther and a tribe of apes in order to return to the mainland and rescue his wife and infant son from the clutches of his nemesis, the villainous Nikolas Rokoff.", "Tarzan is the son of a British Lord and Lady who were marooned on the West coast of Africa by mutineers. When Tarzan was a year old, his mother died of natural causes, and his father was killed by Kerchak, leader of the ape tribe into which Tarzan was adopted. Kerchak's tribe of apes is known as the Mangani, Great Apes of a species unknown to science. Kala is his ape mother. Tarzan (White-skin) is his ape name; his English name is John Clayton III, Lord Greystoke (the formal title is Viscount Greystoke according to Burroughs in Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle; Earl of Greystoke in later, non-canonical sources, notably the 1984 movie Greystoke). As a young adult, he meets a young American woman, Jane Porter, who along with her father and others of their party is marooned at exactly the same spot on the African coast where Tarzan's parents were twenty years earlier. When she returns to America, he leaves the jungle in search of her, his one true love. In later books, Tarzan and Jane marry and he lives with her for a time in England. They have one son, Jack, who takes the ape name Korak (\"the Killer\"). Tarzan is contemptuous of the hypocrisy of civilization, and he and Jane return to Africa, making their home on an extensive estate that becomes a base for Tarzan's later adventures.", "Tarzan is the son of a British lord and lady who were marooned on the Atlantic coast of Africa by mutineers. When Tarzan was only an infant, his mother died, and his father was killed by Kerchak, leader of the ape tribe by whom Tarzan was adopted. From then onwards, Tarzan became a feral child. Tarzan's tribe of apes is known as the Mangani, Great Apes of a species unknown to science. Kala is his ape mother. Burroughs added stories occurring during Tarzan's adolescence in his sixth Tarzan book, Jungle Tales of Tarzan. Tarzan is his ape name; his real English name is John Clayton, Viscount Greystoke (according to Burroughs in Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle; Earl of Greystoke in later, less canonical sources, notably the 1984 movie Greystoke). In fact, Burroughs's narrator in Tarzan of the Apes describes both Clayton and Greystoke as fictitious names – implying that, within the fictional world that Tarzan inhabits, he may have a different real name.", "Tarzan of the Apes is Burroughs’ exciting story of an English lord, left by the death of his stranded parents in the hands of a motherly African ape who raises him as her own. Although he is aware that he is different from the apes of his tribe, who are neither white nor hairless, he...", "When Tarzan was around 20 years old, he met Jane Porter, an American woman who was marooned in the same place where Tarzan's parents were years before. Jane was with her father and a few others. Jane eventually went back to America and Tarzan followed her to the concrete jungle. The two ultimately married and at one time lived in England. Tarzan and Jane had a son named Jack (given the ape name Korak). In later books, Tarzan and Jane returned to the jungles of Africa. That was where his other adventures took place.", "Changeling Fantasy : Meriem in Son of Tarzan is really Jeanne Jacot, the kidnapped daughter of a French general, and is reunited with her parents in the end after being raised by an Arab who kidnapped her out of revenge, then rescued by Korak and living in the trees for a while. (She's also a princess. , at least her father says she's one \"in her own right\".)", "As a young adult, Tarzan meets a young American woman, Jane Porter. She, her father, and others of their party are marooned on exactly the same coastal jungle area where Tarzan's biological parents were twenty years earlier. When Jane returns to the United States, Tarzan leaves the jungle in search of her, his one true love. In The Return of Tarzan, Tarzan and Jane marry. In later books he lives with her for a time in England. They have one son, Jack, who takes the ape name Korak (\"the Killer\"). Tarzan is contemptuous of what he sees as the hypocrisy of civilization, and he and Jane return to Africa, making their home on an extensive estate that becomes a base for Tarzan's later adventures.", "As a young adult, Tarzan meets a young American woman, Jane Porter. She, her father, and others of their party are marooned on exactly the same coastal jungle area where Tarzan's biological parents were twenty years earlier. When Jane returns to the United States, Tarzan leaves the jungle in search of her, his one true love. In The Return of Tarzan, Tarzan and Jane marry. In later books he lives with her for a time in England . They have one son, Jack, who takes the ape name Korak (\"the Killer\"). Tarzan is contemptuous of the hypocrisy of civilization, and he and Jane return to Africa , making their home on an extensive estate that becomes a base for Tarzan's later adventures.", "On the other side of the desert Tarzan locates an ape band. While with them he once again encounters Bertha Kircher, who has just escaped from Sergeant Usanga, leader of a troop of native deserters from the German army, by whom she had been taken captive. Despite his suspicion of Bertha, Tarzan's natural chivalry leads him to grant her shelter and protection among the apes. Later he himself falls captive to the tribe of cannibals the deserters have sheltered among, along with Harold Percy Smith-Oldwick, a British aviator who has been forced down in the jungle. Learning of Tarzan's plight, Bertha heroically leads the apes against the natives and frees them both.", "He is John Clayton, the son of Lord and Lady Greystoke. One day, they were travelling by boat with baby John when their ship sunk and they were marroned in the coast of Africa. The savage lion Sabor killed them soon after, but the gorilla Kala rescued the baby and raised him among the apes as one of their own. Years later, when he was an adult, an American girl named Jane Porter arrived to his jungle. They met, and quickly fell in love. It was Jane who taught him the basics of the human world. Jane took him to the US, but he preferred to live in the jungle, so Jane moved with him to the African jungle, where they live as husband and wife.", "-the Disney movie \"Tarzan\". There, Cheetah is replaced with Terk, who in the original story was a mean gorilla who bullied the pack and who was defeated by Tarzan, thus gaining the respect of the pack. Sabor is changed to a leopard, since in real life there are no lions in the African jungle. Jane is changed from a blonde American to a redhead British woman. Also, the movie takes a minor character from the story, Tarzan's cousin William Cecil Clayton, and makes him the villain. Also, Professor Porter, Jane's father, joins her and Tarzan in the jungle in this version of the story.", "Kala ( Susanne Blakeslee ) - If his woes become too great or his thoughts too burdensome, Tarzan seeks seclusion and the calm council of his mother, Kala. A sympathetic ear when Tarzan needs someone wise to talk to, Kala acts as the voice of the apes, always reminding Tarzan of his unique obligations to the family. She is also Jane's closest confidant. The two share a warm, strong bond, and Jane regards her mother-in-law as her only kindred spirit in the jungle. From Kala's point of view, Jane is the human daughter she never had. Kala was Kerchak's mate, and perhaps the only one besides Tarzan that ever openly defied him without repercussions. Kala' s open mind is a well of great wisdom and she is almost always right. Even though Kerchak is gone, she is still highly respected. Although kind and motherly to Tarzan, Jane, and all the gorillas, Kala is almost undoubtedly the bravest gorilla in the family. When the family was trapped in a cave by Tublat, Kala bravely stood up to the villain, and encouraged all the other gorillas to be brave as well. Kala's presence and support keeps the family together and ensures that they are always there for each other even in the most dire situations.", "While John Clayton, Lord Greystoke (Tarzan) is away from his plantation home in British East Africa, it is destroyed by invading German troops from Tanganyika. On his return he discovers among many burned bodies one that appears to be the corpse of his wife, Jane Porter Clayton. Another fatality is the Waziri warrior Wasimbu, left crucified by the Germans. (Wasimbu's father Muviro, first mentioned in this story, goes on to play a prominent role in later Tarzan novels.)", "The introduction of Boy had to be handled with finesse; the Legion of Decency would not allow Tarzan and Jane to have a child, since they were not married. Instead, Boy's parents perished when their 'plane crashed in the jungle. Their baby, the only survivor, was found and raised by the tree-house dwelling couple, who named him Boy. \"Weissmuller always had time for me,\" Sheffield recalled, \"though he could have been aloof. He showed me how to swim so that I could hold my head up for the camera; that was important.\"", "a man raised by apes who was the hero of a series of novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs", "The Waziri know of a lost city deep in the jungle, from which they have obtained their golden ornaments. Tarzan has them take him there, but is captured by its inhabitants, a race of ape-like men, and is condemned to be sacrificed to their sun god. To Tarzan's surprise, the priestess to perform the sacrifice is a beautiful woman who speaks the ape language he learned as a child. She tells him she is La, high priestess of the lost city of Opar. When the sacrificial ceremony is fortuitously interrupted, she hides Tarzan and promises to lead him to freedom. But the ape man escapes on his own, locates a treasure chamber, and manages to rejoin the Waziri.", "Sheena was a voluptuous Tarzan who laid waste to wild beasts, savages, and evil white men in the jungle of her day, always assisted by her boy friend, Bob, a neat, young fellow in boots and jodhpurs who mainly stayed free of harm’s ways while Sheena, manfully, cleaned out the trouble spots. Not as unfair a division of labor as you might think once you saw the two of them back to back, for while the boyfriend was supposed to be taller and more muscular, it was Sheena who gave the impression of size. Standing proud in the foreground, challenging an overmatched lion to hand-to-hand combat while her admiring young man stood in the tree shadows holding her spear.", "In the pantheon of enduring literary characters, why is a guy in a loincloth raised by gorillas so beloved by the people who write the checks in the entertainment industry? If you think characters like Batman and Superman are hard to relate to, try this: the child of English aristocrats is orphaned and brought up in the jungle by a pack of African gorillas. The gorillas name him Tarzan, which means “white skin” in Burrough’s made-up gorilla language. In addition to being able to understand gorilla-speak, Tarzan develops superhuman athletic abilities and teaches himself to read. When European travellers (including his soon-to-be wife, Jane Porter) discover him, they teach him English and French. Tarzan is the strongest, cleverest person in the history of the world. If someone had invented the term “Mary Sue” in 1912, it could have applied to Edgar Rice Burroughs and Tarzan. One might not be able to relate to a character who can swing from vines, talk to animals, and teach himself to read quicker than Rey learned how to wield a lightsaber, but it’s certainly fun to imagine being that person.", "Tarzan’s girlfriend, of course, is called Jane. But what is less well known is that Tarzan’s fictional adventures living among the apes inspired a real-life Jane, Jane Goodall, to devote her life to a study of primates in the wild, after she discovered the character when she was 11 years old.", "Tarzan is a fictional character created by American author Edgar Rice Burroughs in the pulp magazine All-Story Magazine in 1912 and published in book form in 1914. The character appeared in twenty-four books and several loose tales. Other writers also wrote works with the hero: Barton Werper, Fritz Leiber, Philip José Farmer. etc.", "Tarzan's primitivist philosophy was absorbed by countless fans, amongst whom was Jane Goodall, who describes the Tarzan series as having a major influence on her childhood. She states that she felt she would be a much better spouse for Tarzan than his fictional wife, Jane, and that when she first began to live among and study the chimpanzees she was fulfilling her childhood dream of living among the great apes just as Tarzan did.", "Besides starring in his own games, King Kong was the obvious influence behind other gigantic city destroying apes, such as George from the Rampage series, Woo, from King of the Monsters (who was modeled after the Toho version of the character) and Kongar, from War of the Monsters . As well as giant apes worshipped as deities like Chaos and Blizzard from Primal Rage .", "Years later, an American gentleman and his daughter Jane visited the jungle in hopes of finding buried treasure. Instead, they found Tarzan, who worked to protect them. The Americans and other men in their group did not stay long, they returned to America. Tarzan was so in love with Jane that he followed her to America and once again protected her, this time from a forest fire and an unsuitable suitor, only to be turned down when she decided to marry another man.", "Edgar Rice Burroughs: A Princess of Mars / Tarzan of the Apes (two volumes) | Library of America", "When the British colonial authorities refused to allow her to travel alone to the chimpanzee reserve near Lake Tanganyika, she recruited her mother to stay with her. In the summer of 1960, Jane Goodall and her mother arrived at Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in what is now Tanzania. At first the Gombe chimps fled at the sight of a human intruder, and Goodall could only observe them from a distance through binoculars. Over the months that followed, she gradually won the trust of a single male chimpanzee she named David Graybeard.", "Dame Jane Morris Goodall , DBE (born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall on 3 April 1934), is a British primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist, and UN Messenger of Peace. Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 45-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania. She is the founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and has worked extensively on conservation and animal welfare issues.", "PLOT: The old chief and witch doctor carried out their threats to offer Ann as a golden-haired bride for Kong. The skipper ordered the boats manned. Every man was armed with a rifle and one of the boats contains a crate of gas bombs. On the island, ceremonial fires were lit and Ann was covered with garlands. Her arms tied between two pillars, she witnesses first hand the roaring defiance of King Kong. The beast takes Ann away and the natives close the gate. With Driscoll in the lead the men plunged into the murky jungle. The great size of the horrible monster awed all of them. Trekking through the jungle, the men risk arm and limb to track Kong. They encounter an immense beast with a thick, scaly hide, a huge spiked tail and a small reptilian head. They came face to face with surviving creatures of prehistoric life. Using the gas bombs, the men knock the creature out. But valuable time was being lost while Kong had Ann in his possession.", "*In the Disney-produced film George of the Jungle, during the wedding, Ursula's mother - pouting over multiple appearances of gorillas - complains to her husband, \"Arthur, I wish you could do something about these monkeys. I feel like Jane Goodall\". One Gorilla (voiced by John Cleese) replies, \"Madam, I knew Jane Goodall, and you are no Jane Goodall.\"", "Stories abound about different Amazon queens who displayed great valor in battle. An influential healer in Uganda known as Muhumusa claimed that the spirit of the Amazon queen Nyabinghi, resided inside her. Known as \"the hidden queen\", she defeated the English colonists and rescued her people from a life of abject slavery. Ya Asantewa, an Ashanti queen of Ghana typified the spirit of the woman of the Amazon when she said \"If you the men of Ashanti will not go forward, then we will. We the women will. I shall call upon you my fellow women. We will fight the white men. We will fight until the last of us falls in the battlefield.\"" ]

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[ "In 1958, West appeared at the Academy Awards and performed the song \" Baby, It's Cold Outside \" with Rock Hudson . In 1959, she released her autobiography entitled Goodness Had Nothing to Do with It, which went on to become a best seller.", "In 1958, West appeared at the live televised Academy Awards and performed the song \"Baby, It's Cold Outside\" with Rock Hudson, which brought a standing ovation. In 1959, she released an autobiography, Goodness Had Nothing to Do With It, which became a best seller and was reprinted with a new chapter in 1970. West guest starred on television, including \"The Dean Martin Variety Show\" in 1959, The Red Skelton Show in 1960, to promote her autobiography Goodness Had Nothing To Do With It, and a lengthy interview on Person To Person with Charles Collingwood, which was censored by CBS in 1959, and never aired. CBS executives felt members of the television audience were not ready to see a nude marble statue of West, which rested on her piano. In 1964, she made a guest appearance on the sitcom Mister Ed.. Much later, in 1976, she was interviewed by Dick Cavett and sang two songs on his \"Back Lot U.S.A.\" special on CBS.", "It has been said that his 1959 autobiography, \"My Wicked Wicked Ways,\" was originally to be called \"In Like Me.\"", "Roy Orbison - Roy Kelton Orbison (April 23, 1936 – December 6, 1988), was an influential Grammy Award-winning American singer-songwriter, guitarist and a pioneer of rock and roll whose recording career spanned more than four decades. Orbison is best known for the songs \"Ooby Dooby\", \"Only the Lonely\", \"In Dreams\", \"Oh, Pretty Woman\", \"Crying\", \"Running Scared\" and \"You Got It\". He was known for his smooth tenor voice, which could jump three octaves with little trouble. He was rarely seen on stage without his trademark black sunglasses. In 1987, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and in 1989, he was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Music became an important part of Orbison's family life. In 1949, at the age of 13, Orbison organized his first band \"The Wink Westerners\".", "Autobiography, \"They Made a Monkee Out Of Me\", released 1987; audio version released the following year. The book was advertised on TV, by Jones himself, for special-order.", "In 1959 Groucho himself told about resigning a club in his memoir “Groucho and Me”, but he presented a fictionalized version of the story in which the club was referred to as the Delaney Club [GMGR]:", "Cover; Title Page; Contents; Foreword; Chapter 1: From Tunisia to Mile End; Chapter 2: So, What's in a Name?; Chapter 3: Life at the Burdett; Chapter 4: Getting the Boxing Bug; Chapter 5: Early Fights; Chapter 6: First Time at the Arbour; Chapter 7: Getting Stuck In!; Chapter 8: My First Bout; Chapter 9: The Winning Trail; Chapter 10: Magri the Matchmaker; Chapter 11: Danny Scur's Big Night; Chapter 12: The Merthyr Matchstick; Chapter 13: First Time Round; Chapter 14: Save Me, Joe Bugner!; Chapter 15: Junior ABA Titles; Chapter 16: Magri Goes International; Chapter 17: Magri Senior. Chapter 18: A Funny PropositionChapter 19: Olympic Dream --", "Lang Lang's autobiography, Journey of a Thousand Miles, published by Random House in eight languages, was released in the summer of 2008. Delacorte Press also released a version of the autobiography specifically for younger readers, entitled Playing with Flying Keys.", "Malcolm was already something of a myth when he was assassinated at the Audubon Ballroom in New York on Feb. 21, 1965, just three months short of his 40th birthday. The publication later that year of \"The Autobiography of Malcolm X,\" his remarkably vivid testament written with Alex Haley, eventually consolidated his position as a great American folk hero, someone whose life speaks with uncanny pertinence to succeeding generations, white as well as black.", "In 1913, dissatisfied with the life of a businessman, he decided to write fiction. Floyd Dell and Theodore Dreiser arranged the publication of his first two novels. With his next work, a collection of short sketches published in 1919, his reputation as an author was made. Two of this man's autobiographical books are A Story Teller's Story and Tar: A Midwest Childhood. FTP, name this author of Marching Man and Windy McPherson's Son better known for Winesburg, Ohio.", "^ a b c d McCabe, Bob (15 September 2005). The Pythons' Autobiography by the Pythons. Orion. ISBN978-0-7528-6425-9.", "8. Ted Williams, My Turn at Bat: The Story of My Life (New York: Pocket Books, 1970), 209-10; Stan Musial, qtd. in www.baseball-almanac.com; Smith, New York Herald Tribune, August 13, 1950.", "Life Is Just What You Make It: The Autobiography by Donny Osmond with Patricia Romanowski & Jill Willis (�10.50)Publisher: Orion — 2005Binding: Hardback in a Dust Wrapper. [ISBN: 0752873326]Condition: Very Good � in Very Good Dust Wrapper. Description: 2nd printing. Illustrated with colour photographs. From the cover: �By the time Donny Osmond�s first solo single, �Puppy Love�, hit Number One in the summer of 1972, the 14-year-old was already a veteran of TV and Las Vegas. Part of the hit making family The Osmonds, and famed for his duets with sister Marie, with whom he went on to make the hugely popular series The Donny & Marie Show, Donny Osmond was THE teen pin-up of the 1970s. But after punk, the clean-cut approach wasn�t so popular, and record companies felt that there would be no interest in the grown man. In this revealingly honest memoir, Donny Osmond reveals how he kept faith, how he battled against a debilitating social phobia and made a hugely successful comeback, not just as a recording artist, but also as a star of stage in a record-breaking musical..�Notes: Size: 9�\" x 6�\". Grey boards with Purple titling to the Spine. 378 pages. Tags: arts autobiography biography donny entertainment film genres music osmond performing pop rock rockc singers states styles television theatre united", "<table> <tr> <td valign=\"top\"><p><p>�Live In Muscle Shoals�, the new album from beloved singer/songwriter Mac McAnally is available today! Recorded at the W.C. Handy Music Festival, this is the first ever live album recorded by Mac and includes such hits as �It�s My Job�, �Down The Road�</p></td> </tr> </table>", "Have Mercy: Confessions of the Original Rock 'n' Roll Animal, Wolfman's autobiography, was published in 1995 to stellar reviews in The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, and Kirkus Reviews, which said it \"Reads like a collaboration between Mark Twain and Sergio Leone...\" His co-author was Byron Laursen.", "In the 1997 biography It Ain't As Easy as It Looks by Porter Bibb, Turner discussed his use of lithium and struggles with his illness. The 1981 biography Lead, Follow or Get Out of the Way by Christian Williams chronicles the founding of CNN. In 2008, Turner wrote Call Me Ted, which documents his career and personal life.", "In February 1965 he was assassinated by three Nation of Islam members. The Autobiography of Malcolm X , published shortly after his death, is considered one of the most influential nonfiction books of the 20th century.", "Autobiography of George W. Bush written during his campaign for president. Recalls his childhood in Texas, education, military service, business career, and political life. Describes his philosophy of \"compassionate conservatism\" and his hopes for the future. Bestseller 1999.", "The Basketball Diaries is a 1978 book written by American author and musician Jim Carroll . It is an edited collection of the diaries he kept between the ages of twelve and sixteen. Set in New York City, they detail his daily life, sexual experiences, high school basketball career, Cold War paranoia, the counterculture movement, and, especially, his addiction to heroin, which began when he was 13. The book was made into a film under the same name in 1995 starring Leonardo DiCaprio .", "*Elvis: Still Taking Care of Business by Sonny West with Marshall Terrill Triumph Books (ISBN 978-1-57243-939-9)", "Humorous memoir of one of America's favorite comedians. Jay Leno recounts his zany youth, his early years of struggle on the comedy circuit, and his ultimate selection to succeed Johnny Carson as host of The Tonight Show. Strong language. 1996.", "In 2007, the biography The Don McLean Story: Killing Us Softly With His Songs was published. Biographer Alan Howard conducted extensive interviews for this, the only book-length biography of the often reclusive McLean to date.", "In 2007, the biography The Don McLean Story: Killing Us Softly With His Songs was published. Biographer Alan Howard conducted extensive interviews for this, the only book-length biography of the often reclusive McLean to date.", "Leigh, Mickey, and Legs McNeil (2009). I Slept With Joey Ramone: A Family Memoir, Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-5216-0", "The story of Jerry Lee Lewis, arguably the greatest and certainly one of the wildest musicians of the 1950s. His arrogance, remarkable talent, and unconventional lifestyle often brought him into conflict with others in the industry, and even earned him the scorn and condemnation of the public. Written by Murray Chapman <muzzle@cs.uq.oz.au>", "Release of his book, \"Wake of the Perdido Star\", by Gene with Daniel Lenihan . [1999]", "This year McVeigh told two authors from his former home town of Buffalo, New York, that he was particularly attracted to another line in the poem that refers to a \"place of wrath and tears\". He told Lou Michel and Dan Herbeck that many would view the line as \"an apt description of Oklahoma City in the wake of the bombing\".", "A song by Huey Lewis and the News called \" Back in Time \" features the line \"Is this the '50s, or 1999?\"", "He grew up in Alhambra, Calif., and dropped out of Pasadena City College after two years to join the Air Force during the Korean War. But he was an avid reader, and a fan of Edgar Allan Poe, Travis McGee, and his favorite novelist, Alistair MacLean.", "[DGQL] 1979 October 9, Daytona Beach Morning Journal, “George Q. Lewis, Laugh Promoter” [Associated Press], Page 8B, Column 3, Daytona Beach, Florida. (Google News Archive)", "The Authentic Life of Billy, the Kid, By Pat F. Garrett, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1954", "Jones, who is the author of two books about King, teaches at both Stanford University and the University of San Francisco. He was born in Philadelphia in 1931 and he met King in 1960, remaining close to him until King's assassination in 1968." ]

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[ "Lewis Carroll coined this funny term for a gleeful chuckle in his 1872 novel, Through the Looking Glass, the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. In the novel, the word appears in a verse poem titled \"The Jabberwocky,\" in which Alice finds a book that can only be read using a mirror. The old man in the poem \"chortles in his joy\" when his son beheads the terrible monster. Today the word is widely thought to be a combination of 'chuckle' and 'snort.'", "2. Chortle. Also known these days as the name of a comedy website, this word originated in Lewis Carroll's poem \"Jabberwocky,\" which was included in the 1871 book Through the Looking-Glass. The word is a blend of \"chuckle\" and \"snort,\" describing the noise made by somebody who manages to laugh while utilizing their nose in the process. This sort of word-formation (which also gives us brunch and motel, not to mention chillax) is sometimes known as a...", "The standard linguistic term for this type of word is a blend. It was Lewis Carroll in Through The Looking Glass who coined the word portmanteau to describe them. In the book Humpty Dumpty explains that: \"Well, 'slithy' means 'lithe and slimy'. 'Lithe' is the same word as 'active'. You see, it's like a portmanteau - there are two meanings packed into one word.\" Among several other words Carroll created chortle (a combination of 'chuckle' and 'snort') and galumph ( a combination of 'gallop' and 'triumph').", "Lewis Carroll calls these \"portmanteau words\" - chortle (chuckle and snort) is his invention in Through the Looking-Glass. One of the most commonly used coalescent forms is smog, a blend of the words smoke and fog. In the mid 20th Century this process was used for new terms in politics, such as Nazi (from Nazional Sozialismus) and agitprop (agitator and propaganda). In the late 20th Century this process became less common, as acronyms came to be widely used - although UK government regulatory groups like OfSTED (Office for Standards in Education) OfTEL (Office for telecommunications?) and OfWAT (Office for Water regulation?) have names which are coalescences.", "Several words from his nonsense poems have entered standard English language usage. For example, the word 'chortle', a word that combines 'snort' and 'chuckle', appears in 'Jabberwocky'.", "Several of the words in the poem are of Carroll's own invention , many of them portmanteaux . In the book, the character of Humpty Dumpty gives definitions for the nonsense words in the first stanza . In later writings, Lewis Carroll explained several of the others. The rest of the nonsense words were never explicitly defined by Carroll, who even claimed that he did not know what some of them meant. An extended analysis of the poem is given in the book The Annotated Alice , including writings from Carroll about how he formed some of his idiosyncratic words. A few words that Carroll invented in this poem (namely \" chortled \", \" galumphing \", \" frabjous \", and \" vorpal \") have entered the English language. The word jabberwocky itself is sometimes used to refer to nonsense language.", "chortle chuckle, snort ETAF Staff Authentic Coined by Lewis Carroll in Through The Looking Glass in 1871.", "The word \"portmanteau\" was first used in this context by Lewis Carroll in the book Through the Looking-Glass (1871), in which Humpty Dumpty explains to Alice the coinage of the unusual words in Jabberwocky, where \"slithy\" means \"slimy and lithe\" and \"mimsy\" is \"miserable and flimsy.\" Humpty Dumpty explains the practice of combining words in various ways by telling Alice:", "Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (; 27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898), better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English writer, mathematician, logician, Anglican deacon, and photographer. His most famous writings are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, its sequel Through the Looking-Glass, which includes the poem \"Jabberwocky\", and the poem The Hunting of the Snark, all examples of the genre of literary nonsense. He is noted for his facility at word play, logic, and fantasy. There are societies in many parts of the world dedicated to the enjoyment and promotion of his works and the investigation of his life.", "Abundant use of cacophonic words could be noticed in Lewis Carroll’s nonsense poem “Jabberwocky” in his novel “Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There”:", "The Hunting of the Snark (An Agony in 8 Fits) is typically categorized as a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll, the pen name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. Written from 1874 to 1876, the poem borrows the setting, some creatures, and eight portmanteau words from Carroll's earlier poem \"Jabberwocky\" in his children's novel Through the Looking Glass (1871). The plot follows a crew of ten trying to hunt the Snark, an animal which may turn out to be a highly dangerous Boojum; the only one of the crew to find the Snark quickly vanishes, leading the narrator to explain that it was a Boojum after all. Henry Holiday illustrated the poem, and the poem is dedicated to Gertrude Chataway, whom Carroll met as a young girl at the English seaside town Sandown in the Isle of Wight in 1875.", "Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (1832-1898), better known by the pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English author, mathematician, logician, Anglican clergyman and photographer. From a young age, Dodgson wrote poetry and short stories, sending them to various magazines and enjoying moderate success. Most of this output was humourous, sometimes satirical, but his standards and ambitions were exacting. His facility at word play, logic, and fantasy has delighted audiences ranging from children to the literary elite, and beyond this his work has become embedded deeply in modern culture, directly influencing many artists. His most famous writings are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass (1871) as well as the poems The Hunting of the Snark (1876) and Jabberwocky (1871). Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is a work of nonsense literature, which tells the story of a girl named Alice who falls down a rabbit-hole into a fantasy realm populated by grotesque figures like talking playing cards and anthropomorphic creatures. show more", "The final thing to be considered when attempting to find meaning in \"Jabberwocky\" is that Victorian culture was very different from that of today.  Many of Carroll's words may seem like nonsense to us, but may have held more meaning for Victorians reading his book.  For example, \"whiffling,\" however unfamiliar it may seem to us today is actually not a Carrollian word at all.  The generally accepted meaning during the 1800s was in reference \"to blowing unsteadily in short puffs, hence it came to be a slang term for being variable and evasive\" (Gardner, The Annotated Alice, 196).  \"Snicker-snack,\" is another word which would have been more familiar to Carroll's contemporaries than it is to us. It is probably related to \"snicker-snee,\" an old word which could be used either as a noun, to mean a large knife, or as a verb, to mean fighting done with such a knife (Gardner, More Annotated Alice, 178).  The final example of this type is the father's frabjous chortling of \"Callooh! Callay!\" Most likely, Carroll had in mind two forms of the word kalos, which in Greek can mean \"beautiful,\" \"good,\" or \"fair,\" and which would have been pronounced \"Callooh\" and \"Callay\" (Gardner, More Annotated Alice, 178).", "The Hunting of the Snark (An Agony in 8 Fits) is typically categorized as a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll, the pen name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. Written from 1874 to 1876, the poem borrows the setting, some creatures, and eight portmanteau words from Carroll's earlier poem \"Jabberwocky\" in his children's novel Through the Looking Glass (1871). - Wikipedia", "The following thesis is about “Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland as a Work of Nonsense Fiction”. Carroll’s masterpiece Alice in Wonderland, which includes both books, namely Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There, does not only belong to the most popular English children’s books, but it is also regarded as a classic around the world. Especially in English-speaking countries, lines from the Alice books have been as often cited as lines from Shakespeare or the bible. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, who used the pseudonym “Lewis Carroll” for his writings, made up the tale Alice in Wonderland for his most-loved child-friend and muse Alice Liddell and her sisters during a boat trip on the River Thames. Lewis Carroll is known, next to Edward Lear, as one of the most famous Nonsense poets and writers. Moreover, it is claimed that he was the first author to introduce Nonsense into children’s literature, and as result, had a huge impact with his Alice books on English children’s literature. The split between the two personalities, namely the Victorian author Carroll and the Reverend and mathematician Dodgson, who taught at Christ Church, Oxford, has to be considered in order to get a better understanding of the Alice books as a Nonsense Work.", "The Jabberwocky is \"a nonsensical poem that appears in Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll,\" while the Jabberwock is \"a fantastical dreaded monster with flaming eyes who is depicted\" in the poem. Regarding the word itself, according to Carroll: \"The Anglo-Saxon word 'wocer' or 'wocor' signifies 'offspring' or 'fruit'. Taking 'jabber' in its ordinary acceptation of 'excited and voluble discussion.'\" Jabberwocky came to mean \"nonsensical speech or writing\" around 1908, says the OED.", "In the author's note to the Christmas 1896 edition of Through the Looking-Glass Carroll writes, \"The new words, in the poem Jabberwocky, have given rise to some differences of opinion as to their pronunciation, so it may be well to give instructions on that point also. Pronounce 'slithy' as if it were the two words, 'sly, thee': make the 'g' hard in 'gyre' and 'gimble': and pronounce 'rath' to rhyme with 'bath.'\" In the Preface to The Hunting of the Snark, Carroll wrote, \"[Let] me take this opportunity of answering a question that has often been asked me, how to pronounce \"slithy toves.\" The \"i\" in \"slithy\" is long, as in \"writhe\", and \"toves\" is pronounced so as to rhyme with \"groves.\" Again, the first \"o\" in \"borogoves\" is pronounced like the \"o\" in \"borrow.\" I have heard people try to give it the sound of the \"o\" in \"worry.\" Such is Human Perversity.\"", "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking Glass (1871) by English author Lewis Carroll (1832-1898) are examples of fantasy and literary nonsense.", "The author of “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” and “Through the Looking Glass” is Lewis Carroll. This is an pseudonym; his real name was Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. (His last name is pronounced with a silent ‘g’.)", "Lewis Carroll, \"Jabberwocky\" in Through the Looking-Glass (1871): The Jabberwock, a fearsome dragonlike beast with \"jaws that bite,\" \"claws that catch,\" and \"eyes of flame.\"", "Lewis Carroll , \"The Walrus and the Carpenter\", stanza 11, Through the Looking-Glass, chapter 4. Logical Nonsense: The Works of Lewis Carroll, ed. Philip C. Blackburn and Lionel White, p. 188 (1934). First published in 1871", "The poem Jabberwocky by Lewis Carroll, is considered by many to be one of the greatest nonsense poems written in the English language. It was originally featured as a part of his novel 'Through the Looking-Glass', and 'What Alice Found There' (1871).", "“Jabberwocky” is a poem of non-sense verse written by Lewis Carroll, originally featured as a part of his novel Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (1872). The book tells of Alice’s travels within the back-to-front world through a looking glass.", "Image:Jabberwocky.jpg|The Jabberwock, as illustrated by John Tenniel for Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass, including the poem \"Jabberwocky\".", "His most famous writings are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass as well as the poems \"The Hunting of the Snark\" and \"Jabberwocky,\" all considered to be within the genre of literary nonsense.", "* Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (includes \"Jabberwocky\" and \"The Walrus and the Carpenter\") (1871)", "\"Grinning like a cheshire cat\" was an old proverbial expression long before it was used by Lewis Carrol.One theory for the origin of this saying involves the Cheshire cheese molds, another says that Cheshire was a country palatine. Yet another from the village of Cheshire itself, where - it is said - that some of the painted inn signs \"look more like grinning cats than growling lions\" (Quoted from Notes and Queries, of which Carroll was a regular subscriber)", "British mathematician and writer. His stories about Alice, invented to amuse the young daughter of a friend, appear in the classics Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1872).", "In 1856 he published his first piece of work under the name that would make him famous. A very predictable little romantic poem called \"Solitude\" appeared in The Train under the authorship of 'Lewis Carroll'. This pseudonym was a play on his real name, Lewis being the anglicised form of Ludovicus, which was the Latin for Lutwidge, and Carroll being an anglicised version of Carolus, the Latin for Charles.", "Project MUSE - \"Which is to be master?\": Language as Power in Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass", "We were paying homage to Lewis Carroll here. There’s an acrostic poem, much more intricate than this, which forms the dedication to “The Hunting of the Snark.” It’s inscribed to Gertrude Chataway, and her name is hidden in the poem both acrostically and syllabically. It starts “Girt with a boyish garb for boyish play…”", "The Hunting of the Snark (An Agony in 8 Fits) is usually thought of as a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) in 1874, when he was 42 years old. It describes \"with infinite humour the impossible voyage of an improbable crew to find an inconceivable creature\"." ]

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[ "In conclusion, Dorothy Parker should be credited with the expression “Brevity is the soul of lingerie”. She employed the quip in a caption she wrote for “Vogue” magazine in October 1916. She also included it in a piece for “Vanity Fair” in May 1919.", "Dorothy Parker (born Dorothy Rothschild) (August 22, 1893 June 7, 1967) was an American writer and poet best known for her caustic wit, wisecracks, and sharp eye for 20th century urban foibles.", "Dorothy Parker (born Dorothy Rothschild) (August 22, 1893 - June 7, 1967) was an American writer and poet best known for her caustic wit, wisecracks, and sharp eye for 20th century urban foibles.", "Dorothy Parker (August 22, 1893 – June 7, 1967) was an American poet and satirist, best known for her wit, wisecracks, and eye for 20th century urban foibles.", "Dorothy Parker (August 22, 1893 – June 7, 1967) was an American writer, poet, critic, and influential feminist . Her reputation is legendary, and she is known today as one of the most brilliant writers in American history. Her thoughts and ideas, presented in her characteristic style of illustrating human nature with caustic wit, revolutionized the way many people thought, especially women. Her humor is sometimes cruel, sometimes truthful, but always sarcastic.", "Dorothy Parker (1893-1967) was an American poet, writer, critic and satirist who is best known for her wit, wisecracks, epigrams, quotes, short pithy poems and spoonerisms. But she also wrote more serious poems reminiscent of those of Edna St. Vincent Millay and Sarah Teasdale. Parker won acclaim for her literary contributions to The New Yorker and for her Hollywood screenwriting on A Star is Born and The Little Foxes, for which she earned two Academy Award nominations. Parker was sometimes dismissive of her own talents and deplored her reputation as a \"wisecracker,\" but today she has achieved a stature comparable to that of famous wits like Oscar Wilde and Ogden Nash. According to her New York Times obituary, Parker was a \"sardonic humorist\" who \"sparkled with a word or phrase, for she honed her humor to its most economical size. Her rapier wit, much of it spontaneous, gained its early renown from her membership in the Algonquin Round Table, an informal luncheon group at the Algonquin Hotel in the nineteen-twenties, where some of the city's most sedulous framers of bon mots gathered.\" One of Parker's most famous comments was made when she was informed that former president Calvin Coolidge had died; she asked, \"How could they tell?\" She supported many liberal causes and bequeathed her estate to the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Foundation.", "Brevity is the soul of wit. Spoken by Polonius in a nonsensical speech to the king and queen. Essentially, this line translates to mean that keeping your comments short and concise is the essence of intelligence. It has since become a standard English proverb.", "Quote Investigator: This quip is usually credited to the notable wit Dorothy Parker, and she reportedly was attacking the skills of the movie star Katharine Hepburn. But there is some uncertainty about when Parker made the remark. The earliest evidence in the 1930s is not directly from Parker; in fact, the information appears to be thirdhand. Finally, in a 1971 book the movie director and writer Garson Kanin stated that he asked Parker about the gibe, and she acknowledged that it was hers, but she also extolled Hepburn’s artistry.", "Dear Quote Investigator: Dorothy Parker was famous for her coruscating wit, and she once employed a notoriously bawdy pun based on the word horticulture. Was she responsible for originating this pun?", "During the years of her greatest fame, Dorothy Parker was known primarily as a writer of light verse, an essential member of the Algonquin Round Table, and a caustic and witty critic of literature and society. She is remembered now as an almost legendary figure of the 1920s and 1930s. Her reviews and staff contributions to three of the most sophisticated magazines of this century, Vanity Fair, the New Yorker, and Esquire, were notable for their put-downs. For all her highbrow wit, however, Dorothy Parker was liberal, even radical, in her political views, and the hard veneer of brittle toughness that she showed to the world was often a shield for frustrated idealism and soft sensibilities. The best of her fiction is marked by a balance of ironic detachment and sympathetic compassion, as in \"Big Blonde,\" which won the O. Henry Award for 1929 and is still her best-remembered and most frequently anthologized story.", "When actress Tallulah Bankhead first arrived at the Algonquin Hotel she’d noted the tough, abrasive style of New York conversation. She herself had been raised never to cuss or talk dirty: yet these glamorous writers and actors made a point of using obscenities and working men’s slang to give an edge to their jokes and observations. Later she observed that one of the most skilled in this idiom was the journalist Dorothy Parker. Her sly, skewering banter and provocative cynicism were her defense in a male-dominated profession and also her selling point. What Parker said at lunch at the Round Table was usually being repeated at New York parties by the evening.", "The inimitable Dorothy Parker is often known more for her sharp wit and cynicism than for her actual work. As with many literary figures, Parker's life was filled with drama and personal darkness, which often came through in her writing.", "Dear Quote Investigator: The scintillating wit Dorothy Parker once listened to an enumeration of the many positive attributes of a person she disliked. Below is the final statement of praise together with Parker’s acerbic response:", "Her career took off while she was writing theatre criticism for Vanity Fair, which she began to do in 1918 as a stand-in for the vacationing P. G. Wodehouse. At the magazine, she met Robert Benchley, who became a close friend, and Robert E. Sherwood. The trio began lunching at the Algonquin Hotel on a near-daily basis and became founding members of the Algonquin Round Table. The Round Table numbered among its members the newspaper columnists Franklin Pierce Adams and Alexander Woollcott. Through their re-printing of her lunchtime remarks and short verses, particularly in Adams' column \"The Conning Tower\", Dorothy began developing a national reputation as a wit. One of her most famous comments was made when the group was informed that famously taciturn former president Calvin Coolidge had died; Parker remarked, \"How could they tell?\" ", "\"Brevity is the soul of wit\" has become a standard English proverb; in the process, its context has been somewhat neglected. Polonius, though he has high opinions indeed of his \"wit\" (that is, acumen), is the least brief and one of the least \"witty\" characters in the play. Freud aptly referred to Polonius as \"the old chatterbox\" in Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious.", "Dorothy Parker (1893-1967), U.S. humorous writer. quoted in You Might As Well Live, pt. 2, ch.3, John Keats (1970). On her abortion.", "Quote Investigator: The saying was ascribed to Dorothy Parker in the 1968 volume “The Algonquin Wits” edited by Robert E. Drennan. The section about Parker included a miscellaneous collection of her witticisms, and the following was listed without any additional context: 1", "One time editor of Vanity Fair, Frank Crowinshield once said of Dorothy Parker \"she had the quickest tongue imaginable, and I need not say the keenest sense of mockery\".", "Admittedly, this quote is self-deprecating and doesn’t make a whole lot of sense biologically.  As a poet, writer, and serial wisecracker, Dorothy Parker was clearly more concerned with cheekily transforming proverbs than she was with scientific accuracy.  After all, Parker was one of the founding members of the famed Algonquin Round Table, a lunch-hour ritual of select New York literati from 1919 to 1927.  But she spoke candidly about abortion during an era when the procedure was illegal and highly taboo.  For this, I love her.", "Dear Quote Investigator: The witty author Dorothy Parker was once asked to suggest an epitaph for her tombstone. Over the years she crafted several different candidates, and I am interested in the following saying which can be expressed in multiple ways:", "Oh, yes—talking about tracing quips and gags—Cobb also told me that Dorothy Parker was accused of uttering: “She runs the gamut of human emotion from A to B” (Speaking of Hepburn in “The Lake”), but William Winter, the critic, wrote it in a notice years ago—and that Dean Swift said it in the seventeenth century!", "Dorothy Parker, known to many as Dot or Dottie, had one of the most successful writing careers of any woman of her time. She served as a writer and editor for both Vanity Fair and Vogue magazines, along with writing many successful screenplays and television programs. She also published several articles in The New Yorker and had her own newspaper column called Constant Reader. Even with this success she suffered from severe depression and self criticism. Dorothy Parker is perhaps most recognized as one of the founders of the famous Algonquin Round Table group.", "In 1914, Dorothy sold her first poem to Vanity Fair. At age 22, she took an editorial job at Vogue. She continued to write poems for newspapers and magazines, and in 1917 she joined Vanity Fair, taking over for P.G. Wodehouse as drama critic. That same year she married a stockbroker, Edwin P. Parker. But the marriage was tempestuous, and the couple divorced in 1928.", "Dorothy Parker - Early life, The Round Table years, Hollywood and later life, Spoken word recordings", "Parker relied heavily on her sense of humor in her writing: \"Humor to me, Heaven help me, takes in many things. There must be courage; there must be no awe. There must be criticism, for humor, to my mind, is encapsulated in criticism. There must be a disciplined eye and wild mind. There must be a magnificent disregard for your reader, for if he cannot follow you, there is nothing you can do about it.\"", "In 1919, Parker became a founding member of the Algonquin Round Table, an informal gathering of writers who lunched at the Algonquin Hotel. The \"Vicious Circle\" included Robert Benchley, Harpo Marx, George S Kaufman, and Edna Ferber, and was known for its scathing wit and intellectual commentary. In 1922, Parker published her first short story, \"Such a Pretty Little Picture,\" for Smart Set.", "William Shakespeare devised new words and countless plot tropes that still appear in everyday life. Famous quotes from his plays are easily recognizable; phrases like “To be or not to be,” “wherefore art thou Romeo,” and “et tu, Brute?” instantly evoke images of wooden stages and Elizabethan costumes. But an incredible number of lines from his plays have become so ingrained into modern vernacular that we no longer recognize them as lines from plays at all. Here are 21 phrases you use but may not have known came from the Bard of Avon.", "Recently on Pinterest I saw a piece of comically lethal acerbic advice that Parker reportedly gave to friends of aspiring writers. Would you please tell me if this quip is an authentic Parkerism? Where exactly did it appear?", "1959 - Hal Holbrook opened in the critically acclaimed, off-Broadway presentation of Mark Twain Tonight. Quotes from the famous humorist include: �It is best to read the weather forecast, before we pray for rain.�; �The more things are forbidden, the more popular they become.�; �Modesty died when clothes were born.�; �Be good and you will be lonesome.�; and �Familiarity breeds contempt -- and children.�", "A version very similar to the questioner’s expression appeared in January 1930. The first cite found by QI attributing the remark to Mark Twain is dated 1944. In 1949 the adage was credited to the famous poet Robert Frost.", "Bankhead was an avid baseball fan whose favorite team was the New York Giants. This was evident in one of her famous quotes, through which she gave a nod to the arts: \"There have been only two geniuses in the world, Willie Mays and Willie Shakespeare. But, darling, I think you'd better put Shakespeare first.\" ", "Since Wilde was both a satirist and a master writer, although not a linguist; he was known for puns and epigrams (short, memorable statements). The full context for the quote is as follows:" ]

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[ "Hercule Poirot (;) is a fictional Belgian detective, created by Agatha Christie. Poirot is one of Christie's most famous and long-lived characters, appearing in 33 novels, one play (Black Coffee), and more than 50 short stories published between 1920 and 1975.", "Agatha Christie, a prominent detective writer, was born at Torquay, Devonshire. She was educated at home and took singing lessons in Paris. Her creative work began at the end of World War I. Her first novel, “The Mesterious Affair at Styles” appeared in 1920. Here she created Hercule Poirot, the little Belgian detective, the most popular sleuth in fiction since Sherlock Holmes. General recognition came with the publication of her sixth work “The Murder of Roger Ackroyd” (1926).", "Agatha Christie was born Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller on September 5, 1890, in Torquay, England. In 1914 she married Colonel Archibald Christie, an aviator in the Royal Flying Corps. They had a daughter, Rosalind, and divorced in 1928. By that time, Christie had begun writing mystery stories, initially in response to a dare from her sister. Her first novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, was published in 1920 and featured the debut of one of her most famous characters, the Belgian sleuth Hercule Poirot. Christie would go on to become the world’s best-selling writer of mystery novels.", "Welcome to the Poirot guide at TV.com. This is a British series which brings to life Agatha Christie 's Belgian detective, Hercule Poirot, played by David Suchet , whose sleuthing for the purposes of this series belongs in the mid-1930s. Based in London, with the very English Captain Hastings ( Hugh Fraser ) as his Dr Watson, Poirot's field of operations ranges around the world. The series has strong story lines, good production and acting, and a real period flavour. Poirot won two BAFTA awards in 1990, then had more BAFTA nominations as Best Drama Series in 1991 and 1992. All of Agatha Christie 's seventy-two Poirot stories were produced with David Suchet as Poirot, and the show has been broadcast in more than one hundred countries around the world.", "Writer, born in Torquay, Devon, SE England, UK. Under the surname of her first husband (Colonel Archibald Christie, divorced 1928), she wrote more than 70 detective novels, featuring the Belgian detective, Hercule Poirot, or the enquiring village lady, Miss Marple. In 1930 she married archaeology professor Max Mallowan, with whom she travelled on several expeditions. Her play The Mousetrap opened …", "Hercule Poirot appears for the first time in Agatha Christie’s “The Mysterious Affair at Styles”, published in 1920. He is a retired Belgian police officer who came to England during World War I as a refugee. Poirot solves mysteries with his “little grey cells”, occasionally without even leaving his room. With his strong preference for symmetry, order and method, he has something of a comic book character. Captain Arthur Hastings is his best friend, who relies too much on his intuition to solve a mystery by himself, but often helps Poirot with his observations and accidental remarks. Poirot’s secretary, Miss Lemon, is very efficient, but in contrast to Hastings she doesn’t have any imagination. Chief Inspector Japp from Scotland Yard isn’t too bright, but Poirot often sends him in the right direction. Detective writer Ariadne Oliver, who is partly based on Agatha Christie herself, believes in female intuition. Poirot is surely one of the greatest fictional detectives, because he was involved in so many unforgettable crime novels, including “The Murder of Roger Ackroyd”, “Murder on the Orient Express” and “Death on the Nile”. Poirot was brought to life in movies by actors Albert Finney and Peter Ustinov, and by David Suchet (photo) in the ITV series.", "Agatha Christie was a very prolific British author of mystery novels and short stories, creator of Hercule Poirot , the Belgian detective, and Miss Jane Marple . Christie wrote more than 70 detective novels under the surname of her first husband, Colonel Archibald Christie . Agatha Christie also published a series of romances under the name of Mary Westmacott , and a children's book.", "One of the most successful and beloved writer of mystery stories, Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie was born in 1890 in Torquay, County Devon, England. She wrote her first novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, in 1920, launching a literary career that spanned decades. In her lifetime, she authored 79 crime novels and a short story collection, 19 plays, and six novels written under the name of Mary Westmacott. Her books have sold over a billion copies in the English language with another billion in 44 foreign languages. Some of her most famous titles include Murder on the Orient Express, Mystery of the Blue Train, And Then There Were None, 13 at Dinner and The Sittaford Mystery.", "Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie DBE (née Miller; 15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976) was a British crime writer of novels, short stories , and plays. She also wrote romances under the name Mary Westmacott, but she is best remembered for her 66 detective novels and more than 15 short story collections (especially those featuring Hercule Poirot or Miss Jane Marple ), and her successful West End plays.", "It should be noted that Poirot is a French-speaking Belgian, i.e. a Walloon; but there can hardly be found any occasion where he refers to himself as such, or is so referred to by others. At the time of writing, at least of the earlier books where the character was defined, non-Belgians such as Agatha Christie were far less aware than nowadays of the deep linguistic divide in Belgian society.", "Though Britain is his adopted home, Poirot is never mistaken for an Englishman. Abroad, however, Poirot moves through these spaces as a European among other Europeans. His acts of colonial tourism are ones of solidarity with the British imperial project, and through his travel to British-held territories with other British people, he aligns himself with their causes.", "Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie DBE (née Miller; 15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976) was a British crime writer of novels, short stories, and plays. She also wrote romances under the name Mary Westmacott, but she is best remembered for her 66 detective novels and more than 15 short story collections (especially those featuring Hercule Poirot or Miss Jane Marple), and her successful West End plays.", "Her first book was published in 1920, The Mysterious Affair at Styles. There, readers met Hercule Poirot, the eccentric Belgian detective with the funny-looking moustache. But Agatha's books first attracted attention in 1926 when she publised The Murder of Roger Ackroyd. Agatha made news herself when she disappeared for a few days after her husband wanted a divorce. She was soon found to be staying in a hotel under an alias. Her disappearance is still a mystery. She and Archibald divorced in 1928 (he died in 1962). When she was around 40 years old she went on a holiday and visited e.g. Iraq where she met archaeologist Max Mallowan, who was 14 years younger than her. They married in 1930 and Agatha Christie became Agatha Christie Mallowan. During World War II Agatha worked in the dispensary of University College Hospital in London. She often assisted her husband on excavations, e.g. in Iraq and Syria.", "Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay, Devon. She served in a hospital during the First World War before marrying and starting a family in London. She was initially unsuccessful at getting her work published, but in 1920 The Bodley Head press published her novel The Mysterious Affair at Styles, featuring the character of Hercule Poirot. This launched her literary career.", "Christie created two famous detectives: Hercule Poirot and Jane Marple. Poirot, formerly a member of the Belgian police force, is retired, but he is willing, occasionally, to interest himself in a case. Poirot’s most obvious characteristic is his dandyism. He dyes his hair; he smokes thin, black Russian cigarettes, often regarded with alarm by those to whom he offers them; he wears pointy patent-leather shoes ill-suited to walking the grounds of the country houses where he must often do his sleuthing. He deplores the English preference for fresh air, thin women, and tea. Poirot says that, in interrogations, he always exaggerates his foreignness. The person being questioned then takes him less seriously, and in consequence tells him more. His Franglais is a treat. “I speak the English very well,” he says proudly.", "Agatha Mary Clarissa, Lady Mallowan, Order of the British Empire DBE (September 15, 1890 – January 12, 1976), also known as Dame Agatha Christie, was an English crime fiction writer. She also wrote romances under the name Mary Westmacott, but is remembered for her 80 mystery novels, particularly those featuring detectives Hercule Poirot or Jane Marple, which have earned her the sobriquet 'Queen of Crime' and made her one of the most important and innovative writers in the development of the mystery novel.", "Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, DBE (née Miller; 15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976) was an English crime novelist , short story writer and playwright . She is best known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, notably those revolving around the investigative work of her fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple . She also wrote the world’s longest-running play, a murder mystery, The Mousetrap , [1] and six romances under the name Mary Westmacott. In 1971 she was made a Dame for her contribution to literature. [2]", "Agatha Mary Clarissa, Lady Mallowan, DBE (15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976), mainly known as Agatha Christie, was an English crime fiction writer. She also wrote romances under the name Mary Westmacott, but is chiefly remembered for her 66 detective novels. Her work with these novels, particularly featuring detectives Hercule Poirot or Miss Jane Marple, have given her the title the 'Queen of Crime' and made her one of the most important and innovative writers in the development of the genre.", "Agatha Mary Clarissa, Lady Mallowan, DBE (15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976), commonly known as Agatha Christie, was an English crime fiction writer. She also wrote romance novels under the name Mary Westmacott, but is best remembered for her 80 detective novels and her successful West End theatre plays. Her works, particularly featuring detectives Hercule Poirot or Miss Jane Marple, have given her the title the 'Queen of Crime' and made her one of the most important and innovative writers in the development of the genre.", "Agatha Christie (1890-1976) was an English novelist who is best known for her detective novels featuring characters such as Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple. She has sold four billion novels altogether, making her the best-selling novelist of all time according to the Guinness Book of World Records.", "Born to a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay, Devon, Christie served in a hospital during the First World War, before marrying and starting a family in London. Although initially unsuccessful at getting her work published, in 1920, The Bodley Head press published her novel The Mysterious Affair at Styles, featuring the character of Poirot. This launched her literary career.", "Clockwise from left: David Suchet as Hercule Poirot; Alice Graham Clapp, who helped Belgian refugees in Britain; Agatha Christie ", "Dame Agatha Christie, (1890; d.1976), British mystery writer, Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple series (starting in 1920, composed of 33 novels and 54 short stories), and the world's longest-running play, the murder mystery, The Mousetrap (1952) . September 15", "As already mentioned, Agatha Christie 's travels with Max Mallowan contributed background to several of her novels set in the Middle East. Other novels (such as And Then There Were None ) were set in and around Torquay, Devon where Agatha Christie was born. Christie 's 1934 novel, Murder on the Orient Express was written in the Hotel Pera Palace in Istanbul, Turkey, the southern terminus of the railway. The hotel maintains Agatha Christie 's room as a memorial to the author. The Greenway Estate in Devon, acquired by Agatha Christie as a summer residence in 1938, is now in the care of the National Trust. Agatha Christie often stayed at Abney Hall in Cheshire, which was owned by Christie ’s brother-in-law, James Watts. Agatha based at least two of her stories on the hall: The short story The Adventure of the Christmas Pudding , which is in the story collection of the same name, and the novel After the Funeral . Abney became Agatha Christie 's greatest inspiration for country-house life, with all the servants and grandeur which have been woven into her plots. The descriptions of the fictional Styles, Chimneys, Stoneygates and the other houses in Agatha Christie ’s stories are mostly said to be Abney in various forms.", "Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie (15 September 1890 � 12 January 1976) was the Queen of English Mystery Fiction , ranked with Arthur Conan Doyle as the greatest mystery writer of all time. Her stories are elaborately plotted puzzle pieces, full of false identities and faked deaths. She enjoyed a very long career; her first novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, was published in 1920, while her final novel, Sleeping Murder, was published posthumously in 1976. Among the best-selling authors of all timenote The Guinness Book says she's sold more books than any other individual author. If you count shorter works, William Shakespeare takes the lead. If corporations are invited, the collected works of Walt Disney Productions top the list. Regardless, she's sold three billion copies in over 100 languages.", "Christie frequently used settings that were familiar to her for her stories. Her travels with Mallowan contributed background to several of her novels set in the Middle East. Other novels (such as And Then There Were None ) were set in and around Torquay , where she was raised. Christie's 1934 novel Murder on the Orient Express was written in the Pera Palace Hotel in Istanbul, Turkey, the southern terminus of the railway. The hotel maintains Christie's room as a memorial to the author. [29] The Greenway Estate in Devon, acquired by the couple as a summer residence in 1938, is now in the care of the National Trust . Christie often stayed at Abney Hall , Cheshire, owned by her brother-in-law, James Watts, basing at least two stories there: a short story \" The Adventure of the Christmas Pudding \", in the story collection of the same name, and the novel After the Funeral . \"Abney became Agatha's greatest inspiration for country-house life, with all its servants and grandeur being woven into her plots. The descriptions of the fictional Chimneys, Stoneygates, and other houses in her stories are mostly Abney in various forms.\" [30]", "She lives in the village of Carsely, but her detective agency Raisin Investigations and the police headquarters where Bill Wong is based are in the nearby town of Mircester. Even though Carsely and Mircester are fictional, they are based on true places; she does, however frequent Evesham, Moreton-in-Marsh, Stow-on-the-Wold, Chipping Campden and other nearby villages quite often. Agatha's first case came when she first moved to Carsely and heard about a quiche competition. She promptly bought a spinach quiche in London from a famous quiche shop and entered it as her own. She was outraged she did not win but later the judge, Reg Cummings-Browne, took another slice and died from cowbane poisoning. Frustrated, Agatha set out to find the poisoner and clear her own name.", "* DCI James Japp of the Agatha Christie Hercule Poirot novels and the television series Agatha Christie's Poirot", "Christie has been portrayed on a number of occasions in film and television. Several biographical programmes have been made, such as BBC television 's Agatha Christie: A Life in Pictures (2004), in which she is portrayed by Olivia Williams , Anna Massey , and Bonnie Wright ; and Season 3, Episode 1 of ITV Perspectives : \"The Mystery of Agatha Christie\" (2013), hosted by David Suchet , who plays Hercule Poirot on television.[67][68]", "British writer of crime and detective fiction, Dame Agatha Christie. (1954).  (Photo by Walter Bird/Getty Images)", "Authorizing 78 crime novels, 150 short stories, 4 non-fiction books and 19 plays during 85 years of life. Her first novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, published in 1920. Agatha Christie`s reputation as a detective novelist. Madame Tussaud`s Museum.", "In the second season of Grand Hotel , a Spanish television series set in 1906, one episode features a character named Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller, a 16-year-old English girl who is introduced as an aspiring mystery writer and friend of one of the hotel's regular guests. The character of Agatha gets involved in investigating some of the crimes the leading characters are trying to solve, and offers her (unwanted) help to the local police inspector (who we learn in that episode wears a mustache guard to bed). Toward the end of the episode, as she is leaving, she says that her stay at the Grand Hotel has inspired her to write a book set in a large house called Styles, with plot points that include elements that Grand Hotel shares with The Mysterious Affair at Styles : an investigator with a somewhat less bright assistant, someone being poisoned, an affair between people of different classes, etc." ]

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[ "Most of the humor in Beetle Bailey revolves around the inept characters stationed at Camp Swampy (inspired by Camp Crowder, where Walker had once been stationed while in the Army), which is located near the town of Hurleyburg at \"Parris Island, S.C.\". Private Bailey is a lazy sort who usually naps and avoids work, and thus is often the subject of verbal and physical chastising from his supervisor, Sergeant Snorkel. The characters never seem to see combat themselves, with the exception of mock battles and combat drills. In fact, they seem to be in their own version of stereotypical comic strip purgatory (initially basic training, they now appear to be stuck in time in a regular infantry division). The uniforms of Beetle Bailey are still the uniforms of the late 1940s to early 1970s Army, with green fatigues and baseball caps as the basic uniform, and the open jeep as the basic military vehicle. Sergeant First Class Snorkel wears a green Class A Army dress uniform with heavily wrinkled garrison cap; the officers wear M1 helmet liners painted with their insignia. While Beetle Bailey's unit is Company A, one running gag is that the characters are variously seen in different branches of the Army, such as artillery, armor, infantry and paratroops.", "My memory, as best I can recall, is that the first Beetle Bailey comic book I ever saw, was on a spinner rack, in Columbus, Georgia, and the cover showed Beetle driving a motorcycle down a railroad, with Sgt. Snorkel in the sidecar, being bounced up and down. ", "*Sergeant 1st Class Orville P. Snorkel—Beetle's platoon sergeant and nemesis; introduced in 1951. Sarge is known to frequently beat up Beetle for any excuse he can think of, leaving Beetle a shapeless pulp (one of the most iconic images in the strip). Once, in the February 2, 1971 strip, he even shoved Beetle through a knothole in the floorboard. Sarge is too lovable to be a villain, however. Obese, snaggle-toothed, and volatile, Sarge can be alternately short-tempered and sentimental. He and Beetle seem to have a mutual love/hate relationship; much of the time there's an implied truce between them. They share an uneasy alliance that sometimes borders on genuine (albeit unequal) friendship. In some early strips Sarge was married, but he was later retconned into an unmarried Army lifer, who knows next to nothing about civilian life. Despite his grouchiness and bossiness, Sarge does have a soft side, which he usually keeps concealed. He is from Pork Corners, Kansas.", "Beetle Bailey (begun on September 4, 1950)[2] is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Mort Walker. Set in a fictional United States Army military post, it is among the oldest comic strips still being produced by the original creator.[1] Over the years, Mort Walker has been assisted by (among others) Jerry Dumas, Bob Gustafson, Frank Johnson and Walker's sons Neal, Brian and Greg Walker. The latter is currently credited on the strip.", "The first strip was published on 3 September 1950. After a couple of months, Walker transfered the location of his strip from the school campus to an army base and his star was rising. Although the strip commenced during the Korean war years, Walker's lazy character never ended up in combat as most gags were situated in the army base. A Sunday page was added in September 1952 and 'Beetle Bailey' is still published in over 200 newspapers all around the world. Over the years, Walker has been assisted on the strip by Jerry Dumas , Bob Gustafson , Frank Johnson , and his sons Neal, Brian and Greg Walker (who is now co-credited with his father). To this day, Mort Walker personally oversees the production of his strip at his so-called \"Connecticut laugh factory studio\".", "Beetle Bailey. The soldier, with his hat permanently affixed over his eyes, actually started out as a college student by the name of Spider. Mort Walker transformed the character to a soldier and “Beetle Bailey” was a smash hit.", "The movie is set in a fictional town in Indiana, strongly resembling Hammond, Indiana where writer Jean Shepherd grew up. Local references in the film include Warren G. Harding Elementary School, and Cleveland Street (where Shepherd spent his childhood years). Other Indiana references in the dialogue include a mention of a person \"swallowing a yo-yo\" in nearby Griffith, Indiana, the Old Man being one of the fiercest \"furnace fighters in northern Indiana\" and that his obscenities were \"hanging in space over Lake Michigan,\" a mention of the Indianapolis 500, and the line to Santa Claus \"stretching all the way to Terre Haute.\" The Old Man is also revealed to be a fan of the Bears (who he jokingly calls the \"Chicago Chipmunks\") and White Sox, consistent with living in northwest Indiana.", "SpongeBob SquarePants is the main protagonist and the eponymous character of the Nickelodeon animated comedy of the same name . He was designed by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg , and is voiced by Tom Kenny . SpongeBob is an eccentric sea sponge who lives in a pineapple in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom . He works as a fry cook at the Krusty Krab , a job which he is exceptionally skilled at. SpongeBob lacks alot of knowledge and is a constant annoyance to those around him (especially Squidward ), but he is very good natured. He appears in all of the epsiodes in the series.", "On this day in 1951 the U.S. Army gained one of its most famous recruits. Beetle Bailey, who was a college student when his King Features comic strip started, enlisted 59 years ago today.", "The series was originally set in Fort Baxter, a sleepy, unremarkable U.S. Army post in the fictional town of Roseville, Kansas, and centered on the soldiers of the Fort Baxter motor pool under Master Sergeant Ernest G. Bilko. However, Bilko and his men seemed to spend very little time actually performing their duties—Bilko in particular spent most of his time trying to wheedle money through various get-rich-quick scams and promotions, or to find ways to get others to do his work for him.", "According to Bugs Bunny: 50 Years and Only One Grey Hare, he was born in 1940 in Brooklyn, New York (in a warren under Ebbets Field , famed home of the Brooklyn Dodgers ), created by Tex Avery (who directed A Wild Hare , Bugs Bunny's debut) and Robert McKimson (who created the definitive Bugs Bunny character design), among many others. According to Mel Blanc , the character's original voice actor , Bugs Bunny has a Flatbush accent, an equal blend of the Bronx and Brooklyn dialects (of the New York Accent ). His catchphrase is a casual \"Eh...what's up, doc?\", usually said while chewing a carrot . His other popular phrases include \"Of course you realize, this means war\", \"Ain't I a stinker?\" and \"I knew I shoulda taken that left turn at Albuquerque.\"", "In the 1988 animated/live action movie Who Framed Roger Rabbit , Bugs is shown as one of the inhabitants of Toontown . However, since the film was being produced by Disney , Warner Bros. would only allow the use of their biggest star if he got an equal amount of screen time as Disney's biggest star, Mickey Mouse. Because of this, both characters are always together in frame when onscreen. They appear in a scene where they are skydiving while Eddie Valiant ( Bob Hoskins ) has no parachute, so Bugs offers him a \"spare\" which turns out to be a spare tire. They appear in the end as well, along with all the other toons. For the same reasons, Bugs never calls Mickey by his name, only referring to him as \"Doc\" (while Mickey calls him \"Bugs\").", "Bikini Bottom is a fictional city that appears in the Nickelodeon animated television comedy, SpongeBob SquarePants . Located at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, underneath the World War 2 nuclear test site Bikini Atoll, it is the setting in which the series' main characters live, and where most of the episodes take place.", "*In 2000, Dark Horse Comics issued two collectible figures of Beetle and Sarge as part of their line of Classic Comic Characters—statues No. 11 and 12, respectively. In honor of the strip's 50th anniversary, DHC also produced a boxed, PVC figure set of seven Beetle Bailey characters; (Beetle, Sarge, Gen. Halftrack, Miss Buxley, Otto, Lt. Flap and Cookie.)", "Brooks was a small, sickly boy who often was bullied and teased by his classmates. He was taught by Buddy Rich (who had also grown up in Williamsburg) how to play the drums and started earning money at it when he was 14. After attending Abraham Lincoln High School for a year, Brooks graduated from Eastern District High School and then spent a year at Brooklyn College as a psychology major before being drafted into the army. He attended the Army Specialized Training Program conducted at the Virginia Military Institute (although not actually as a VMI cadet), and served in the United States Army as a corporal in the 1104 Engineer Combat Battalion, 78th Infantry Division, defusing land mines during World War II.", "Bullwinkle shared a house with his best friend Rocky in the fictional small town of Frostbite Falls, Minnesota, a parody of the real-life American town of International Falls, Minnesota. Bullwinkle attended college at \"Wossamotta U\" on a football scholarship. He is a long-time supporter of the Bull Moose Party, and at one time was the part-owner, part-governor of the island of Moosylvania . In seasons 1 and 2, he makes reference to having an Uncle Dewlap, who bequeathed Bullwinkle vast amounts of wealth (in the form of a cereal boxtop collection, and an Upsidaisium mine). In the half-cartoon, half-live-action movie The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle, Bullwinkle receives an Honorary Mooster's Degree from Wossamotta U , due to the nefarious plans of Boris Badenov.", "Well, apparently, Beetle did have eyes, because, on one of those rare occasions when Beetle's cap had come off, I was startled to see his eyes.  And, So was Sgt. Snorkel, who repremended him:  \"Beetle!  Your eyes are showing!\"", "Two of the cast members, Jamie Farr (Klinger) and Alan Alda (Hawkeye Pierce), served in the U.S. Army in Korea in the 1950s after the Korean War, Alda as a junior officer, Farr as enlisted. The dog tags Farr wears on the show are his actual dog tags. Farr served as part of a USO tour with Red Skelton. Furthermore, Wayne Rogers served as a Naval Reserve Officer in the mid-1950s after the end of Korean War, and Mike Farrell (B.J. Hunnicut) served in the U.S. Marine Corps as a younger man from 1957-1960.", "Avery, nicknamed \"Tex\", \"Fred\", and \"Texas\", was raised in Taylor, Texas, and graduated in 1926 from North Dallas High School. A popular catchphrase at his school was \"What's up, doc?\", which he would later popularize with Bugs Bunny in the 1940s.", "In the film, where he is voiced by Bill Lobley, his lifelong dream is to become the chief of police, and it is revealed that he works overtime at his police work to impress the current chief, who is due to retire. The movie gives various personal details about him, including that his birth date is December 18 (coinciding with that of Lou Strickland), his favorite food is tuna sandwiches, he enjoys fly-fishing, and he keeps a \"lucky penny\" (which is actually a nickel) in his shoe.", "At the end of Super-Rabbit (1943), Bugs appears wearing a United States Marine Corps dress blue uniform. As a result, the Marine Corps made Bugs an honorary Marine Master Sergeant. From 1943 to 1946, Bugs was the official mascot of Kingman Army Airfield, Kingman, Arizona, where thousands of aerial gunners were trained during World War II. Some notable trainees included Clark Gable and Charles Bronson. Bugs also served as the mascot for 530 Squadron of the 380th Bombardment Group, 5th Air Force, U.S. Air Force, which was attached to the Royal Australian Air Force and operated out of Australia's Northern Territory from 1943 to 1945, flying B-24 Liberator bombers. Bugs riding an air delivered torpedo served as the squadron logo for Marine Torpedo/Bomber Squadron 242 in the Second World War. Additionally, Bugs appeared on the nose of B-24J #42-110157, in both the 855th Bomb Squadron of the 491st Bombardment Group (Heavy) and later in the 786th BS of the 466th BG(H), both being part of the 8th Air Force operating out of England.", "At the end of Super-Rabbit , Bugs appears wearing a United States Marine Corps dress blue uniform. As a result, the Marine Corps made Bugs an honorary Marine Master Sergeant. From 1943 to 1946, Bugs was the official mascot of Kingman Army Airfield, Kingman, Arizona, where thousands of aerial gunners were trained during World War II. Some notable trainees included Clark Gable and Charles Bronson. Bugs also served as the mascot for 530 Squadron of the 380th Bombardment Group, 5th Air Force, U.S. Air Force, which was attached to the Royal Australian Air Force and operated out of Australia's Northern Territory from 1943 to 1945, flying B-24 Liberator bombers. Bugs riding an air delivered torpedo served as the squadron logo for Marine Torpedo/Bomber Squadron 242 in the Second World War.", "After running over Florida's beloved alligator Captain Jack, Homer and the family dedicate their spring break vacation to avoiding the local authorities. Voice credits: Diedrich Bader as Police Officer, Robert Evans, Joe C., Kid Rock, and Charlie Rose as themselves.", "Brockway is mentioned by Lyle Lanley (voiced by Phil Hartman ) as a town to which he has sold monorail systems (“ Marge vs. the Monorail “).", "The Krusty Krab is a restaurant in the city of Bikini Bottom in the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants . It is owned by Eugene H. Krabs . It is located in Conch Street .", "* Mr Doug Lawrence (Plankton and Larry the Lobster on SpongeBob SquarePants and Filbert Turtle on Rocko's Modern Life)", "Mr. Toad, the Weasels, Ichabod, Katrina, the Headless Horseman and Tilda were featured as guests in House of Mouse, as audience members/attendees and in various spots. Here, Mr. Toad was voiced by Jeff Bennett. Toad, Ratty, Moley, Mac Badger, Cyril and two of the weasels also made an appearance in the Christmas featurette Mickey's Christmas Carol, as Scrooge's old employer Fezziwig, the two Charitable Gentlemen asking for donations for the poor, an attendee of Fezziwig's party, Donald Duck's horse and two grave diggers, respectively. Mr. Toad and Cyril Proudbottom also made cameo appearances in Who Framed Roger Rabbit, while the Toon Patrol's designs were based on the weasels from the film.", "Alan Alda — Gunnery Officer U.S Army Reserve and Television Actor, Dr. \"Hawkeye\" Pierce on TV Series MASH", "Private Snafu \"Booby Traps\" (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WRZUxeLRgk&feature=plcp), part of a series of training  films made for US troops in WWII. Featuring the classic \"Believe Me If All Those Endearing Young Charms\" piano gag, which later appeared in several Looney Tunes shorts such as \"Ballot Box Bunny\" in 1951.", "In the cartoon Super-Rabbit , Bugs was seen in the end wearing a USMC dress uniform. As a result, the United States Marine Corps made Bugs an honorary Marine Master Sergeant .", "Ascended Fanboy : Bugs Bunny was given the honorary rank of Master Sergeant in the US Marine Corps after the cartoon \" Super Rabbit", "Ascended Fanboy : Bugs Bunny was given the honorary rank of Master Sergeant in the US Marine Corps after the cartoon \" Super Rabbit \"" ]

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[ "Little John or John Little which is his real name is Robin Hood’s lieutenant and second in command of the Merry Men.  Although called Little John, It is said that he is over seven feet tall.  Little John comes from Hathersage in Derbyshire, the shire next to Nottinghamshire which was controlled by the same sheriff. His grave can be found in a churchyard in Hathersage.", "In the Dick King-Smith novel Dragon Boy, looking at the adventures of a boy called John as he is raised by dragons after the death of his parents, it is implied that John – whose full name is John Little — will become the Little John of the Robin Hood mythos, the novel noting at one point that 'Little John' will become a giant of a man in future thanks to his healthy meals at the dragons' table.", "Folk Figure. Traditionally, second in command of Robin Hood's legendary Merry Men. Little John appears in the very earliest of the surviving Robin Hood tales, including �A Gest of Robyn Hode' published after 1490. The ballad �Robin Hood and Little John' claimed the outlaw's name was John Little, scholars have found many historical figures with the name, including the outlaw, John le Litel, a raider circa 1318, and Littel John, c. 1323, who appeared to have been a poacher. It is difficult to... [Read More] (Bio by: Iola )", "Little John is Robin Hood's right-hand-man, if you will, almost as great an archer as Robin Hood himself. He is extremely tall, making his name a misnomer. Little John is also amazingly strong, yet intelligent. Little John, like Robin, also seems to have many names, like John le Nailer and John Little. Little John is a later addition to the Sherwood legends, and is sometimes shown to be extremely skilled with the quarterstaff (a former shepherd?) or the bow. This passage below describes Little John's skill with the bow (note how this version indicates that Little John is a better bowman than Robin himself).", "The earliest ballads written down in the 1400s refer to Robin Hood and characters such as Little John (John Little), Will Scarlet (Scatheloke, Scarlock, etc), and Much (Midge) the Miller's son. Importantly, they also refer to the king as Edward, not the much earlier King Richard -", "Despite a lack of historical evidence for his existence, Little John is reputed to be buried in a churchyard in the village of Hathersage, Derbyshire. A modern tombstone marks the supposed location of his grave, which lies under an old yew tree. This grave was owned by the Nailor (Naylor) family, and sometimes some variation of \"Nailer\" is given as John's surname. In other versions of the legends his name is given as John Little, enhancing the irony of his nickname.", "In the earliest of Robin Hood ballads along with Little John. Robin meets him while walking in the forest.  Will and Robin get into an argument which leads to a sword fight.  Will Scarlet wins the fight and Robin asks the mans name.  Will replies \"In Maxfield was I bred and born,/ My name is Young Gamwell.\"  It was known that Young Gamwell had killed his father's steward and was exiled to the greenwood forest.  It turns out that the stranger is the son of Robin’s own sister.  This means that Will was Robins nephew.", "* Little John (Clive Mantle)Originally John Little from Hathersage, this giant of a man is placed under a spell by the Baron de Belleme. When Robin defeats the Baron and frees John from the spell, John becomes a loyal friend to Robin (and later, to Robert of Huntington). His hulking figure and immense strength is contrasted by his soft heart.", "The next watershed moment in Robin Hood studies came in 1920, with the publication of Scott’s Ivanhoe, which features Robin briefly but makes the conflict between Norman and Saxon a central point, and Peacock’s Maid Marion, published after Scott, but relying on many similar themes and characteristics. Robin’s popularity remained high, and in 1838, Egan serialized a tale of Robin Hood which was published in 1840 as Robin Hood and Little John: or, the Merry Men of Sherwood Forest. Egan’s text was wildly successful, and opened the doors to later versions, including those presented here.", "According to Edward C. Meyers's theory off Usenet (soc.history or some such), \"there was, in the 12th century, a Saxon farmer named Robert Hodde who was outlawed because he opposed the severe taxation imposed by the Normans (French/Scandinavians who ruled England for some time). Hodde and his wife, Miriam (note the resemblance to Marian), fled into the forest at the northern end of Sherwood, then a much larger tract of forest than now. About the same time a King's soldier, name of John Little, left London for Yorkshire planning on settling on a small farm, He also was last seen in Sherwood. During the same time frame a recent arrival from Italy, name of Guillarme Scarletti, was known to be roaming around Sherwood. Add these names to the dozens of outlaws then making the various forests of northern England their homes along with travelling troubadors and itinerant monks, and you get the basis for the legend of Robin Hood. It is a possibility that Robert Hodde, Miriam, John Little and Will Scarlet, banded together with others, became the basis for the Robin Hood legend. It's a good theory. I like it. Comments, anyone?\" Yes, I like it. ;) This is just one interpretation of how the Merry Men could have joined Robin. It also emphasizes how important it is to keep an open mind when studying Sherwood.", "Little John, a serf at Rutland Court, is ordered by his master to capture Robin Hood. Discovering the outlaw's camp, and finding sympathy with Robin's cause, Little John joins the band of outlaws and is appointed Robin's second-in-command.", "Little John was Robin’s best friend right from the start. He appears in all of the six original tales. John and Robin were both yeomen, so they had lots in common. John is a steadying influence on Robin’s wild character. John has to have a lot of patience as Robin is moody, irritable and argumentative with him. They often fall out. Robin’s temper gets him into all sorts of trouble so John is constantly coming to the rescue. The famous story of their meeting on the bridge, and the idea of Little John’s name being a joke because he is so big, appear by the 18th century. ", "\"Will, under various names like Scarlock, Scadlock, Scarlet and Scatheloke had been in the legend since the earliest surviving ballads. This story was added in the 17th century, one of many \"origin\" stories. Most of them follow the same pattern. Both Little John and Maid Marian best Robin too, for example.", "A legendary robber of the Middle Ages in England , who stole from the rich and gave to the poor. An excellent archer, he lived in Sherwood Forest with the fair Maid Marian, the stalwart Little John , the priest Friar Tuck, the musician Allan-a-Dale, and others who helped him rob rich landlords and thwart his chief enemy, the sheriff of Nottingham.", "None of the ballads in Ritson’s collection, however, provided the story of Robin Hood’s birth. It was not until Jamieson published a collection of ballads entitled Popular Ballads and Songs, from Tradition, Manuscripts, and Scarce Editions in 1806 did an account of Robin’s birth appear in a ballad entitled The Birth of Robin Hood. Another never before seen ballad relating to Robin’s life entitled The Wedding of Robin Hood and Little John also appeared in the same collection. Walter Scott in Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border published in 1802 included another of Mrs. Brown’s Robin Hood ballads entitled Rose the Red, and White Lily. Jamieson and Scott transcribed these ballads from Mrs. Brown. Usually the only woman associated with the Robin Hood legend is Maid Marian, and the only writers who have represented her have usually been men. Thus, a conference which focuses upon women’s history is the perfect opportunity to discuss these ballads and explore what I shall call the ‘literary afterlife’ and subtle influence of Mrs. Brown upon later manifestations of the Robin Hood tradition – a woman whose contributions to the legend, if she is remembered at all, have often been dismissed by late-nineteenth and twentieth-century scholars.", "\"A highwayman named John Stafford, alias \"Friar Tuck\" was hanged in, I believe 1415. If he is the original, then he cannot have had anything to do with Robin Hood. It is also possible that he used the alias because it was already popular. The name Tuck, by the way, means \"curtel\", and so the traditional ballad of \"Robin and the curtel friar\" is more than likely the source for the legend that Robin's men included someone named \"Friar Tuck.\" In any event, there were no friars in England before 1221, so no friar named Tuck could have fought for Good King Richard. Another possibility is that he was actually a French monk, who could have been named Frere Tuck. Since the 1220s are also the period in which the sheriff of York was demonstrably looking for a certain \"Robert Hode, fugitive\" I am inclined to place the historical Robin in this era.", "King John is familiar to most people through the Hollywood version of the legend of Robin Hood. He is portrayed as second only to the Sheriff of Nottingham in cunning and treachery. In the Robin Hood tales, John plots to prevent Richard Lionheart from returning to England and to the throne which is rightly his. Robin is engaged in the practice of robbing the rich to give to the poor, mainly because King John has set extraordinary taxes and given the Sheriff extreme powers to collect them.  In essence, that was the situation.  But Robin Hood does not enter our story at all.  There is little evidence to place him on the scene, the best documented legends place him several hundred years in the future.  The historical version differs from that described by myth but is even more dramatic.", "In the 19th century the Robin Hood legend was first specifically adapted for children. Children's editions of the garlands were produced and in 1820 a children's edition of Ritson's Robin Hood collection. Children's Robin Hood novels began to appear. It is not that children did not read Robin Hood stories before, but this is the first appearance of a Robin Hood literature specifically aimed at them. A very influential example of these children's novels was Pierce Egan the Younger's Robin Hood and Little John (1840) This was adapted into French by Alexandre Dumas in Le Prince des Voleurs (1972) and Robin Hood Le Proscrit (1873). Egan made Robin Hood of noble birth but raised by the forestor Gilbert Hood.", "'Robin Hood' was born in Loxley, Locksley or Lockesley, a village in Yorkshire in the year 1160, but was outlawed after an argument for wounding his father with a scythe. The young man ran off towards nearby Barnsley rather than face judgement and punishment - when South and West Yorkshire became too hot to hold him, he made his way down The Great North Road and sought shelter with robbers and outlaws hiding in Sherwood Forest, further enhancing his existing woodcraft and skill with a bow and a sword. He rose in reputation to lead these men, but replaced their code of daily brutality with a revenge theme of targeted thefts. He met Richard I in Spring 1194 during the attempted rebellion led by his younger brother - Prince John - and declaring his loyalty to the king and entering his service as a retained archer, gained a Royal Pardon. He served abroad with Richard I for some time before retiring once again to Sherwood where he married or re-married a girl named Mary, Marian or Matilda. When his wife died some years later he built a chapel to her memory and stayed close by it. As an old man, he went to a female relative for medical aid but died - either murdered or from natural causes - and was buried by her in an unmarked grave.", "Various authors over the years have postulated that Robin Hood was not the outlaw's real name but an alias or perhaps a nickname. The problem with this approach is where to stop. Contenders advanced have included William of Berkshire (1261), Hereward the Wake (1070s), Eustace the Monk (1217), Fulk fitz Warin (1200), William Wallace (1298), Roger Godberd (1260s), Earl David of Huntingdon (1190s), Robert fitz Odo (1196) and so on. But no convincing reasons can be advanced for their adoption of the name Robin Hood. Additionally, if these characters were already recorded in history, it's unlikely they were also recorded in separate histories under a different name. If Robin Hood existed, it is more likely that he had that name (or a variation) and nothing can be gained by putting forward other contenders that can't be substantiated. So was there a real outlaw called Robin Hood, along with other historical individuals with events and a setting, that bear similarities to the legendary stories and ballads?", "There is actually no evidence that identifies a historical Robin Hood but ever since the 16th century, many antiquarians and story-tellers have placed his legendary activities at this time. Many, including Kevin Costnerâs 1991 offering, Robin Hood: Prince Of Thieves, opted for the period when Richard I was overseas and his brother, John, was ruling England. Most stories also claim that Robin is a dispossessed nobleman, but not Scott.", "The early ballads link Robin Hood to identifiable real places and many are convinced that he was a real person, more or less accurately portrayed. A number of theories as to the identity of \"the real Robin Hood\" have their supporters. Some of these theories posit that \"Robin Hood\" or \"Robert Hood\" or the like was his actual name; others suggest that this may have been merely a nick-name disguising a medieval bandit perhaps known to history under another name. [17] At the same time it is possible that Robin Hood has always been a fictional character ; the folklorist Francis James Child declared \"Robin Hood is absolutely a creation of the ballad-muse\" and this view has not been disproved. [18] Another view is that Robin Hood's origins must be sought in folklore or mythology ; [19] and, despite the frequent Christian references in the early ballads, Robin Hood has been claimed for the pagan witch -religion supposed by Margaret Murray to have existed in medieval Europe . [20]", "Because of the similarity in name, Robin Hood is often thought to be a manifestation of Robin Goodfellow, the mischievous hobgoblin also known as Puck. Jacob Grimm apparently noted the close association of the two Robins, but did not elaborate upon it.", "Several sources claim that one of Malcolm’s descendants, Robert, Earl of Huntingdon, was the real Robin Hood. He certainly seems to have had his lands confiscated by King John, while King Richard was away at the Crusades, but that may not have been a unique experience during those times.", "At some time around the 16th century, tales of Robin Hood started to mention him as a contemporary and supporter of King Richard the Lionheart, Robin being driven to outlawry, during the misrule of Richard's evil brother John, while Richard was away at the Third Crusade. Although this view has become increasingly popular, [127] it is certainly not supported by the earliest ballads. [128]", "The next notice is a statement in the Scotichronicon , composed by John of Fordun between 1377 and 1384, and revised by Walter Bower in about 1440. Among Bower's many interpolations is a passage which directly refers to Robin. It is inserted after Fordun's account of the defeat of Simon de Montfort and the punishment of his adherents. Robin is represented as a fighter for de Montfort's cause. [24] This was in fact true of the historical outlaw of Sherwood Forest Roger Godberd , whose points of similarity to the Robin Hood of the ballads have often been noted. [25] [26]", "This scenario of multiple Robin Hoods has led to various claims about who the real Robin Hood was. For instance, one writer claimed that Robin Hood was the Earl of Huntington, and was buried in the grounds of Kirklees Priory in West Yorkshire. This is supported by an alleged grave with an inscription indicating that that was Robin Hood’s resting place.", "\"So the Robin Hood stories being placed in John's reign is a recent thing. He's portrayed as a pantomime villain because a number of accounts from the time suggest that people found him quite unpleasant as a person. So the question is to what degree those sources are accurate.\"", "As previously mentioned, the first passing reference to Robin was in 1377, and the reigning king according to the earliest ballads was called Edward. There were three Edwards (I, II and III) before 1377 and according to historians, only one of them could have possibly journeyed north to Yorkshire (as outlined in the ballads) to confront the rebels! Edward II made this trip in 1323 to confront the Lancastrian rebels that were under the leadership of Thomas. So this Edward fits in with the time of Robert Hood of Wakefield who (according to the theory) became an outlaw after the Boroughbridge battle. Edward II who was keen on hunting, did hunt in Sherwood and also visited Nottingham. Another important point is that prior to the Edwards, the longbow was a minority weapon. Under the three Edwards, archery became compulsory. Any 'Robin Hood' outlaw of earlier times such as in the days of Richard the Lionheart would be very unlikely to be an expert with the longbow! Did this 1320s Robert Hood who lived in the days of skilled archers associate with real people who may be mentioned in the ballads?", "Why is Doncaster and Sheffield’s airport named after Robin Hood? There are several reasons. First, the earliest stories which mention Robin Hood are set in Yorkshire, not Nottinghamshire. Yes, Robin Hood’s original home was Barnsdale Forest, not Sherwood. What’s more, the majority of the remaining woodland of Sherwood Forest is actually in Yorkshire, not Nottinghamshire. The fifteenth-century ballad A Gest of Robyn Hode has Robin living in Barnsdale rather than Sherwood Forest. (An MP for Nottingham has recently championed an initiative to attract more tourism to the city by using the iconic Robin Hood to promote Nottingham Castle, but really, perhaps Barnsdale Forest should be using Robin to boost tourism!)", "1. R. H. Hilton, \"The Origins of Robin Hood,\" Past and Present 14 (1958): 30-44; Maurice Keen, \"Robin Hood --- Peasant or Gentleman?,\" Past and Present 19 (1961). Both essays, as well as a response by J. C. Holt, are reprinted in R. H. Hilton, ed., Peasants, Knights and Heretics: Studies in Medieval English Social History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976).", "standing legend – the names 'Robert' and 'Hood' being common in those times? Or are some writers correct in stating that the person immortalised in the legend had a different name altogether and just adopted a 'Robin Hood' identity?" ]

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[ "The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles is a children's novel written by Julie Edwards, the married name of singer and actress Dame Julie Andrews. More recent editions credit the book to \"Julie Andrews Edwards\".", "Julie Andrews Edwards is that Julie Andrews, one of the most recognized figures in the world of entertainment. She is perhaps best known for her performances in Mary Poppins, The Sound of Music, and The Princess Diaries. Ms. Edwards is the author of many favorite children's books, including Mandy, The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles, and the Little Bo series. Grades 1-3.", "Under her legal name, Julie Edwards, she has also written children's books, including The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles and Mandy.", "Jane Fonda (born Jayne Seymour Fonda; December 21, 1937) is an American actress, writer, political activist, former fashion model and fitness guru. She is a two-time Academy Award winner and two time BAFTA Award winner. In 2014, she was the recipient of the American Film Institute AFI Life Achievement Award.", "Caryn Elaine Johnson (born November 13, 1955), known professionally by her stage name, Whoopi Goldberg, is an American actress, comedian, and television host. She has been nominated for 13 Emmy Awards for her work in television, and is one of the few entertainers who have won an Emmy Award, a Grammy Award, an Oscar, and a Tony Award. She was the second black woman in the history of the Academy Awards to win an acting Oscar.", "Is one of 15 Oscar-winning actresses to have been born in the state of California. The others are Fay Bainter , Gloria Grahame , Jo Van Fleet , Liza Minnelli , Tatum O'Neal , Diane Keaton , Sally Field , Anjelica Huston , Jodie Foster , Helen Hunt , Gwyneth Paltrow , Angelina Jolie , Marcia Gay Harden and Brie Larson .", "Dame Julia Elizabeth Andrews, DBE (née Wells; born 1 October 1935) is an English film and stage actress, singer, and author. She is the recipient of Golden Globe, Emmy, Grammy, BAFTA, People's Choice Award, Theatre World Award, Screen Actors Guild and Academy Award honours. Andrews was a former British child actress and singer who made her Broadway debut in 1954 with The Boy Friend, and rose to prominence starring in other musicals such as My Fair Lady and Camelot, and in musical films such as Mary Poppins (1964), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress, and The Sound of Music (1965): the roles for which she is still best-known. Her voice was damaged by a throat operation in 1997.", "Whoopi Goldberg (born Caryn Elaine Johnson, November 13, 1955), is an American actress, comedian and radio DJ. Goldberg is one of only ten individuals who have won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony Award, counting Daytime Emmy Awards. She is the second African American female performer to win an Academy Award for acting (the first being Hattie McDaniel); she has also won two Golden Globe Awards. Whoopi Goldberg was born on November 13, 1955 in New York City. Later in life, a DNA test would trace her ancestry to the Papel and Bayote peoples of Guinea-Bissau. Her stage name was taken from \"whoopie cushion\", which she initially wanted as her name, but chose the last moniker of Goldberg after her mother pointed out that her initial name pick was not Jewish enough to make her ric...", "Catherine Élise \"Cate\" Blanchett (; born 14 May 1969) is an Australian actress and theatre director. She has received international acclaim and many accolades, including two Academy Awards, three Screen Actors Guild Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and three British Academy Awards. Blanchett came to international attention for her role as Elizabeth I of England in Shekhar Kapur's 1998 film Elizabeth, for which she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress, the Golden Globe Award, and earned her first Academy Award for Best Actress nomination. Her portrayal of Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese's 2004 film The Aviator brought her critical acclaim and many accolades, including the Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role, making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor. In 2013, she starred as Jasmine Francis in Woody Allen's Blue Jasmine, for which she won numerous accolades including the Academy Award for Best Actress.", "Helen Elizabeth Hunt (born June 15, 1963) is an American actress, film director, and screenwriter. She starred in the sitcom Mad About You for seven years, and played single mother Carol Connelly in the 1997 romantic comedy film As Good as It Gets, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. Some of her other notable films include Twister (1996), Cast Away (2000), What Women Want (2000), Pay It Forward (2000), and The Sessions (2012), the latter garnered her a second Academy Award nomination. She made her directorial debut in 2007 with Then She Found Me (2007). Hunt has also won four Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards.", "Kate Winslet (born Kate Elizabeth Winslet in Reading, England on 5 October 1975) is an English actress and singer. She was the youngest person to accrue six Academy Award nominations, and won the Academy Award for Best Actress for The Reader (2008). She has won awards from the Screen Actors Guild, British Academy of Film and Television Arts, and the Hollywood Foreign Press Association among others, and has been nominated twice for an Emmy Award for television acting, winning once for her role as Mildred Pierce in the 2011 mini-series of the same name. In 2012, she received the Honorary César Award for her life and acting career.", "Renée Kathleen Zellweger (; born April 25, 1969) is an American actress and producer. She has received critical acclaim and many accolades, including an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, three Golden Globe Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards. She was named Hasty Pudding's Woman of the Year in 2009; and established herself as one of the highest-paid Hollywood actresses as of 2007. ", "Caryn Elaine Johnson (born November 13, 1955), better known by her stage name Whoopi Goldberg (/ˈhwʊpi/), is an African American actress, comedian, and television host. She has been nominated for 13 Emmy Awards for her work in television, and is one of the few entertainers who have won an Emmy Award, a Grammy Award, an Oscar, and a Tony Award. She was only the second black woman in the history of the Academy Awards to win an acting Oscar. Her breakthrough role was playing Celie, a mistreated black woman in the Deep South in the period drama film The Color Purple (1985), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Goldberg played Oda Mae Brown, an eccentric psychic helping a slain man (Patrick Swayze) save his lover (Demi Moore), in the romantic fantasy film Ghost (1990), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She was co-producer of the television game show Hollywood Squares from 1998 to 2002. She has been the moderator of the daytime television talk show The View since 2007.", "Whoopi Goldberg, pseudoniem van Caryn Elaine Johnson (New York, 13 november 1955) is een Amerikaanse actrice. Ze won in 1990 een Oscar voor haar bijrol in Ghost, nadat ze in 1985 al een Oscarnominatie had behaald voor haar hoofdrol in The Color Purple. Daarnaast werden haar meer dan 35 andere filmprijzen toegekend, waaronder een Emmy Award voor de schoolspecial Beyond Tara: The Extraordinary Life of Hattie McDaniel, Golden Globe voor Ghost en The Color Purple, een BAFTA Award voor Ghost en American Comedy Awards voor Ghost en Sister Act.", "Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor, DBE (February 27, 1932 – March 23, 2011) was an English-American actress, businesswoman and humanitarian. She began as a child actress in the early 1940s, and was one of the most popular stars of classical Hollywood cinema in the 1950s. She continued her career successfully into the 1960s, and remained a well-known public figure for the rest of her life. The American Film Institute named her the seventh greatest female screen legend in 1999.", "Sigourney Weaver (born Susan Alexandra Weaver; October 8, 1949) is an American actress and film producer. Following her film debut as a minor character in Annie Hall (1977), she quickly came to prominence in 1979 with her first lead role as Ellen Ripley in Alien. She reprised the role in three sequels: Aliens (1986), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award Best Actress; Alien 3 (1992), and Alien: Resurrection (1997). She is also known for her starring roles in the box-office hits Ghostbusters (1984), Ghostbusters II (1989), and Avatar (2009).", "Whoopi Goldberg is accredited as a truly unique and visible talent in Hollywood. Perhaps she will always be remembered as well for Comic Relief, playing an integral part in almost every benefit concert they had. Currently, Whoopi Goldberg is the center square in Hollywood Squares (1998) and frequently hosts the Academy Awards. She also is an author, with the book \"Book\".", "Andrews has won an Academy Award, a BAFTA, 5 Golden Globes, 3 Grammys, 2 Emmys, the Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award, the Kennedy Center Honors Award, and the Disney Legend Award. She is an author of children's books, and has published her autobiography, Home: A Memoir of My Early Years (2008).", "Carrie Frances Fisher (born October 21, 1956) is an American actress and writer. She is best known for her role as Princess Leia in the original Star Wars trilogy (1977–83) and Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015). Fisher is also known for her semi-autobiographical novels, including Postcards from the Edge, and the screenplay for the film of the same name, as well as her autobiographical one-woman play, and its nonfiction book, Wishful Drinking, based on the show. Her other film roles include Shampoo (1975), The Blues Brothers (1980), Hannah and Her Sisters (1986), The 'Burbs (1989), and When Harry Met Sally... (1989).", "Cameron Michelle Diaz (born August 30, 1972) is an American actress, producer, and former fashion model. She rose to stardom with roles in The Mask (1994), My Best Friend's Wedding (1997) and There's Something About Mary (1998), and is also known for voicing the character of Princess Fiona in the Shrek series (2001–10). Other high-profile credits include Charlie's Angels (2000) and its sequel Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003), The Sweetest Thing (2002), In Her Shoes (2005), The Holiday (2006), What Happens In Vegas (2008), My Sister's Keeper (2009), Knight and Day (2010), The Green Hornet (2011), Bad Teacher (2011), What to Expect When You're Expecting (2012), The Counselor (2013), The Other Woman (2014), Sex Tape (2014), and Annie (2014).", "In 2003, she became the seventeenth performer to win the Triple Crown of acting. Oscars: Best Actress, The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1969) & Best Supporting Actress, California Suite (1978), Tony: Best Actress - Play, \"Lettice and Lovage\" (1990), and Emmy: Best Actress - Miniseries/Movie, My House in Umbria (2003).", "How I Live Now is the big-screen adaptation of the award-winning young-adult novel by Meg Rosoff, directed by acclaimed, Academy-Award winning director Kevin Macdonald (One Day In September, Marley, The Last King of Scotland) and starring Academy Award nominee Saoirse Ronan (Atonement, The Lovely Bones, Hanna) as Daisy. The film also stars George MacKay (The Boys Are Back, Hunky Dory) as Edmond, Tom Holland (The Impossible) as Isaac, Harley Bird (‘Peppa Pig’) as Piper, Danny McEvoy as Joe and Anna Chancellor as Aunt Penn.", "Anne Jacqueline Hathaway (born November 12, 1982) is an American actress and singer. Born in Brooklyn, New York and brought up in Millburn, New Jersey, Hathaway was inspired to act by her mother and as a high school student, was nominated for the Paper Mill Playhouse Rising Star Award for Best Performance by a High School Actress for her performance in Once Upon a Mattress. She made her professional screen debut in the short-lived Fox television series Get Real (1999-2000), before landing the lead role of Mia Thermopolis in the Disney comedy film The Princess Diaries (2001), for which she won the Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress – Comedy. Hathaway went on to become a widely praised \"role model for children\" for her roles in Nicholas Nickleby (2002), Ella Enchanted (2004), The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (2004), and Hoodwinked! (2005).", "Is the only person to have won Academy awards for both acting and writing. She won Best Actress for Howards End (1992), and Best Adapted Screenplay for Sense and Sensibility (1995).", "Famous for: American actress noted for her work on stage, film, and television for 65 years. Notable roles are Frances ‘Frankie’ Addams from Member of the Wedding, Abra from East of Eden, Helen Cooper from The Truth About Women, Grace Miller from Requiem for a Heavyweight, Sally Bowles from I Am a Camera, Eleanor ‘Nell’ Lance from The Haunting, Betty Fraley from Harper, Alison Langdon from Reflections in a Golden Eye, Leona Gillings from Journey to Midnight, Alice Fienchild from Voyage of the Damned, Mrs. Greenwood from The Bell Jar, Roz Carr from Gorillas in the Mist, and Carlotta from The First of May.", "Teri Lynn Hatcher (born December 8, 1964) is an American actress who is best known for her roles as Lois Lane in Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, as Susan Mayer in Desperate Housewives and as Paris Carver in the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies. She won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for her role as Susan Mayer on the television series Desperate Housewives in 2005. In the same year she won the Screen Actor's Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actress in a Comedy Series and was also nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, but lost out to fellow cast member and close friend, Felicity Huffman.", "Famous for: American actress whose career began at 21 and came to prominence almost immediately in the 1950s. In the 1960s, she withdrew from the public eye and only acted sporadically until her retirement in 1991. Notable roles are Marjorie “Madge” Owens from Picnic, Molly from The Man with the Golden Arm, Jeanne Eagels, Linda English from Pal Joey, Judy Barton from Vertigo, Gillian “Gil” Holroyd from Bell, Book, and Candle, Betty Preisser from Middle of the Night, Mildred Rogers from Of Human Bondage, Polly the Pistol from Kiss Me, Stupid, Moll Flanders from The Amorous Adventures of Moll Flanders, Lola Brewster from The Mirror Crack’d, and Lillian Anderson Munnsen from Liebestraum.", "Whoopi was named the NAACP's Entertainer of the Year. Other recent honors include the \"Hollywood Woman's Press Club's Golden Apple\" for Female Star of the Year, UCLA's \"Jack Benny Award,\" and Women in Film's \"Norma Zarky Humanitarian Award,\" among others. Whoopi was honored for Distinguished Achievement in Film at the \"9th Annual American Cinema Awards\" and at L.I.F.E. (Love is Feeding Everyone) \"Hunger Hero Awards.\"", "In 2008, she won Best Lead Actress at the Los Angeles Out Fest Film Festival for her female lead role in the feature film The New Twenty, receiving high acclaim at all the film festivals worldwide. \"Every generation deserves it's St. Elmo's Fire.\"- LA Weekly. Her award winning performance is now available on dvd and netflix. http://www.thenewtwentymovie.com", "Goldberg has said she was a \"high functioning\" drug addict years ago, at one point being too terrified to even leave her bed to go use the toilet. She states that she smoked marijuana before accepting the Best Supporting Actress award for Ghost in 1991. Goldberg has dyslexia.", "The original version of \"Nellie the Elephant\" was sung by a child actress named Mandy Miller . She went on to star in ten movies but was most famous for her rendition of this song.", "1990 - American Comedy Award - Funniest Actress in a Motion Picture (Leading Role) for \"When Harry Met Sally\" (1989)" ]

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[ "Ellery Queen è il più famoso degli pseudonimi assunto da Frederick Dannay e Manfred B. Lee, scrittori di letteratura poliziesca e inventori del detective che porta il nome del loro pseudonimo. Frederick Dannay (nato Daniel Nathan, 20 ottobre 1905 - 3 settembre 1982) e Manfred Bennington Lee (nato Manford Lepovski, 11 gennaio 1905 – 3 aprile 1971) erano due cugini newyorkesi di origine ebraica cresciuti a Brooklyn, che nel corso della loro carriera letteraria scrissero anche con lo pseudonimo di Barnaby Ross; a partire dagli anni sessanta il nome \"Ellery Queen\" divenne una sorta di franchise sotto la cui firma figurano romanzi apocrifi autorizzati da Dannay e Lee; la produzione di tali apocrifi terminò tuttavia con la morte di Lee nel 1971, in quanto Dannay, che morì 11 anni più tardi, non era interessato a portare più avanti il nome. Complessivamente a firma dei due cugini sono stati pubblicati circa 40 romanzi e altre raccolte in un arco temporale che va dal 1929, uscita del primo romanzo con Ellery Queen protagonista, La poltrona n. 30, fino al 1972, quando uscì La prova del nove, postumo a Lee. Dalle avventure del detective Ellery Queen furono tratti diversi adattamenti radiofonici, un film per la TV e una serie televisiva omonima prodotta nel 1975 dalla NBC e trasmessa anche in Italia nel 1979.", "Daniel Nathan, professionally known as Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905 – September 3, 1982), and Emanuel Benjamin Lepofsky, professionally known as Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905 – April 3, 1971), were American cousins from Brooklyn, New York who wrote, edited, and anthologized detective fiction under the pseudonym of Ellery Queen. The writers' main fictional character, whom they also named Ellery Queen, is a mystery writer and amateur detective who helps his father, Richard Queen, a New York City police inspector, solve baffling murders.", "Daniel Nathan, professionally known as Frederic Dannay (October 20, 1905 – September 3, 1982), and Emanuel Benjamin Lepofsky, professionally known as Manfred Bennington Lee (January 11, 1905 – April 3, 1971), were American cousins from Brooklyn, New York who wrote, edited, and anthologized detective fiction under the pseudonym of Ellery Queen. The writers' main fictional character, whom they also named Ellery Queen, is a mystery writer and amateur detective who helps his father, Richard Queen, a New York City police inspector, solve baffling murders. ", "116. The American writers and cousins Frederick Dannay and Manfred Bennington Lee wrote crime novels under which pseudonym, which was also the name of their fictional detective?", "Collaborative authors may have their works published under a single pen name. Frederic Dannay and Manfred B. Lee published their mystery novels and stories under the pen name Ellery Queen (as well as publishing the work of ghost-writers under the same name). Cheryth Baldry, Kate Gary, and Victoria Holmes wrote the Warriors series under the pseudonym of Erin Hunter to keep their readers from searching all over the library for their books. The writers of Atlanta Nights, a deliberately bad book intended to embarrass the publishing firm PublishAmerica, used the pen name Travis Tea. Sometimes multiple authors will write related books under the same pseudonym; examples include Nicolas Bourbaki in non-fiction and T. H. Lain in fiction.", "\"Ellery Queen\" was a pen name created and shared by two cousins, Frederic Dannay (1905-1982) and Manfred B. Lee (1905-1971), as well as the name of their most famous detective. Born in Brooklyn, they spent forty two years writing, editing, and anthologizing under the name, gaining a reputation as the foremost American authors of the Golden Age \"fair play\" mystery.", "Although Frederic Dannay outlived his cousin by ten years, the Ellery Queen name died with Manfred Lee. The last Ellery Queen novel, A Fine and Private Place, was published in the year of Lee's death, 1971.", "Ellery Queen was created in 1928 when Dannay and Lee entered a writing contest sponsored by McClure's Magazine for the best first mystery novel. They decided to use as their collective pseudonym the same name that they had given their detective. Inspired by the formula and style of the Philo Vance novels by S. S. Van Dine, their entry won the contest, but before it could be published, the magazine closed. Undeterred, the cousins took their novel to other publishers, and The Roman Hat Mystery was published in 1929. According to H. R. F. Keating, \"Later the cousins took a sharper view of the Philo Vance character, Manfred Lee calling him, with typical vehemence, 'the biggest prig that ever came down the pike'.\"", "Ellery Queen 1939 Book \"The Dragon's Teeth\" Signed Autograph Manfred Bennington Lee Frederic Dannay - Guaranteed Autographs", "William Seward Burroughs II ; also known by his pen name William Lee; February 5, 1914 – August 2, 1997 was an American novelist, poet, essayist and spoken word performer. Burroughs was a primary figure of the Beat Generation and a major postmodernist author who affected popular culture as well as literature. He is considered to be \"one of the most politically trenchant, culturally influential, and innovative artists of the twentieth century.\"[1] Burroughs wrote eighteen novels and novellas, six collections of short stories and four collections of essays. Five books have been published of his interviews and correspondences. Burroughs also collaborated on projects and recordings with numerous performers and musicians, and made many appearances in films.", "* Note: Spirits in Bondage and Dymer were first published under the pseudonym Clive Hamilton (Lewis's mother's maiden name).", "Roald Dahl (; ; 13 September 1916 – 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and fighter pilot. His books have sold over 200 million copies worldwide.", "William Seward Burroughs II ( ; also known by his pen name William Lee; February 5, 1914 – August 2, 1997) was an American novelist, short story writer, satirist, essayist, painter, and spoken word performer. Burroughs was a primary figure of the Beat Generation and a major postmodernist author who wrote in the paranoid fiction genre, and his influence is considered to have affected a range of popular culture as well as literature. Burroughs wrote eighteen novels and novellas, six collections of short stories and four collections of essays. Five books have been published of his interviews and correspondences. He also collaborated on projects and recordings with numerous performers and musicians, and made many appearances in films.", "Roald Dahl (13 September 1916 - 23 November 1990) was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and fighter pilot.", "John Wyndham Parkes Lucas Beynon Harris (; 10 July 1903 – 11 March 1969) was an English science fiction writer who usually used the pen name John Wyndham, although he also used other combinations of his names, such as John Beynon and Lucas Parkes. Many of his works were set in post-apocalyptic landscapes.", "NOTE // ABSTRACT --- LC Control Number: 94006430. Contents: Crime and metaphysics -- Stendhal -- Charles Dickens -- Joseph Conrad -- Sir Arthur Conan Doyle -- Rudyard Kipling -- Raymond Chandler -- Dorothy L. Sayers -- Georges Simenon -- Apologies pro vita sua //", "Edgar Rice Burroughs (September 1, 1875 – March 19, 1950) was an American writer, best known for his creations of the jungle hero Tarzan and the heroic Mars adventurer John Carter, although he produced works in many genres.", "Ray Bradbury, American novelist, short story writer, essayist, playwright, screenwriter and poet, was born August 22, 1920 in Waukegan, Illinois. He graduated from a Los Angeles high school in 1938.Although his formal education ended there, he became a \"student of life,\" selling newspapers on L.A. street corners from 1938 to 1942, spending his nights in the public library and his days at the typewriter.He became a full-time writer in 1943, and contributed numerous short stories to periodicals before publishing a collection of them, Dark Carnival, in 1947.", "Nelle Harper Lee (born April 28, 1926, died February 19, 2016) is an American novelist, who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1961 for her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird .", "James Clavell was born under the name of David Dumaresq Clavell. He is considered to be a great foreign writer, and he is especially known for his fictional works about Asian civilizations. Clavell was born on the 10th of March, 1924 in the city of Sydney. He later perished on the sixth of September in the town of Velvety, Switzerland.", "Arthur Henry Ward (15 February 1883 – 1 June 1959), better known as Sax Rohmer, was a prolific English novelist. He is best remembered for his series of novels featuring the master criminal Dr. Fu Manchu.\"Rohmer, Sax\" by Jack Adrian in David Pringle, St. James Guide to Horror, Ghost & Gothic Writers. London: St. James Press, 1998; ISBN 1558622063 (pp. 482–484).", "Lee, who won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize for fiction for \"Mockingbird,\" published just two novels in her lifetime. She released “Go Set a Watchman” in July 2015, more than 50 years after “To Kill a Mockingbird” hit bookshelves.", "Lee was the first woman to win the British Fantasy Award, in 1980, with her novel Death�s Master, the second in her Tales from the Flat Earth fantasy series. Born in 1947, she wrote more than 90 novels and 300 short stories during her writing life.", "The British science fiction, fantasy and horror author Tanith Lee has died at the age of 67.", "JEAN RHYS was one of the twentieth century's foremost writers, a literary artist who made exquisite use of the raw material of her own often turbulent life to create fiction of memorable resonance and poignancy. Between 1928 and 1939, Rhys published four novels, Quartet, After Leaving Mr. Mackenzie, Voyage in the Dark, and Good Morning, Midnight, which brought her critical acclaim but not fame. After almost thirty years of obscurity, the successful publication of Wide Sargasso Sea in 1966 led to her rediscovery. She died in 1979.", "Williams led a colorful and tragic life. Born in 1911 in Columbia, Mississippi, he was a sickly child terrorized by his violent traveling-salesman father. When he was seven, the family moved to St. Louis, where his father became manager of a shoe company. Persecuted and taunted by his father, he took refuge in reading and writing and in a close relationship with his beloved sister Rose. At 14, he won a prize in a national writing competition and three years later sold a short story to Weird Tales magazine.", "Rod Serling, already famed as the creator of The Twilight Zone series, wrote an adaptation of the novel The Authentic Death of Hendry Jones by Charles Neider (1956), at the request of producer Frank P. Rosenberg. The book was a fictional treatment of the familiar Billy the Kid story, relocated from New Mexico to the Monterey Peninsula in California. The adaptation was rejected.", "Philip Marlowe is a fictional character created by Raymond Chandler. Marlowe first appeared under that name in The Big Sleep, published in 1939. Chandler's early short stories, published in pulp magazines like Black Mask and Dime Detective, featured similar characters with names like \"Carmady\" and \"John Dalmas\".", "Robert Lee Frost (26 March 1874 – 29 January 1963), the American poet, was born in San Francisco. His poems were often set in rural life in New England in the early 20th century. He was much honored during his lifetime, receiving four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry.", "This writer and raconteur was born Denis Charles Pratt. By what name is he more famously known?", "The Mask of Dimitrios is a 1944 American film noir directed by Jean Negulesco and written by Frank Gruber, based on the 1939 novel of the same name written by Eric Ambler (in the United States, it was published as A Coffin for Dimitrios). Ambler is known as a major influence on writers and a developer of the modern thriller genre. ", "The Ginger Man is a novel, first published in Paris in 1955, by J. P. Donleavy. The story is set in Dublin, Ireland, in post-war 1947. Upon its publication, it was banned both in Ireland and the United States of America by reason of obscenity. " ]

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[ "Hemingway: I rewrote the ending to '\"Farewell to Arms,\" the last page of it, 39 times before I was satisfied.", "Hemingway: It depends. I rewrote the ending of Farewell to Arms, the last page of it, 39 times before I was satisfied.", "Spend plenty of time revising your writing. While all stages of the writing process are important, revising plays an especially important role. The great American writer Ernest Hemingway once said that he rewrote the first part of his novel A Farewell to Arms at least 50 times and rewrote the ending of the novel 39 times. Hemingway revised so much not because he was a bad writer but because he was a good writer.", "Hemingway rewrote the conclusion to A Farewell to Arms many times. Among the gems of the Hemingway Collection are the 44 pages of manuscript containing a score of different endings—which are often used today by visiting English teachers to provide their students with a glimpse of Hemingway the writer at work.", "Upon his return to Key West in December, Hemingway worked on the draft of A Farewell to Armsbefore leaving for France in January. He had finished it in August but delayed the revision. The serialization in  Scribner’s Magazine  was scheduled to begin in May, but as late as April, Hemingway was still working on the ending, which he may have rewritten as many as seventeen times. The completed novel was published on September 27. [72]  Biographer James Mellow believes A Farewell to Armsestablished Hemingway’s stature as a major American writer and displayed a level of complexity not apparent in The Sun Also Rises. [73] In Spain during the summer of 1929, Hemingway researched his next work,  Death in the Afternoon . He wanted to write a comprehensive treatise  on bullfighting, explaining the toreros and corridas complete with glossaries and appendices, because he believed bullfighting was “of great tragic interest, being literally of life and death.” [74]", "Upon his return to Key West in December, Hemingway worked on the draft of A Farewell to Arms before leaving for France in January. He had finished it in August but delayed the revision. The serialization in Scribner's Magazine was scheduled to begin in May, but as late as April, Hemingway was still working on the ending, which he may have rewritten as many as seventeen times. The completed novel was published on September 27. Biographer James Mellow believes A Farewell to Arms established Hemingway's stature as a major American writer and displayed a level of complexity not apparent in The Sun Also Rises. In Spain during the summer of 1929, Hemingway researched his next work, Death in the Afternoon. He wanted to write a comprehensive treatise on bullfighting, explaining the toreros and corridas complete with glossaries and appendices, because he believed bullfighting was \"of great tragic interest, being literally of life and death.\" ", "Ernest Miller Hemingway ( July 21 , 1899  – July 2 , 1961 ) was an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction , while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Additional works, including three novels, four short story collections, and three non-fiction works, were published posthumously. Many of his works are considered classics of American literature .", "Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. His distinctive writing style, characterized by economy and  understatement , influenced 20th-century fiction, as did his life of adventure and his public image. He produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s. He won the  Nobel Prize in Literature  in 1954. Hemingway's fiction was successful because the characters he presented exhibited authenticity that resonated with his audience. Many of his works are classics of  American literature . He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works during his lifetime; a further three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously.", "Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. His distinctive writing style, characterized by economy and  u nderstatement, strongly influenced 20th-century fiction, as did his life of adventure and his public image. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, winning the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works during his lifetime; a further three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. Many of his works are classics of American literature.", "Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American author and journalist. His distinctive writing style, characterized by economy and understatement, influenced 20th-century fiction, as did his life of adventure and his public image. He produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Many of his works are classics of American literature. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works during his lifetime; a further three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously.", "Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 — July 2, 1961) was an American writer and journalist . He was part of the 1920s expatriate community in Paris , and one of the veterans of World War I later known as \"the Lost Generation .\" He received the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 for The Old Man and the Sea , and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.", "Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 � July 2, 1961) was an American writer and journalist.", "Ernest Hemingway is one of the most famous American writers of the 20th century. He wrote novels and short stories about outdoorsmen, expatriates, soldiers and other men of action, and his plainspoken no-frills writing style became so famous that it was (and still is) frequently parodied. His dashing machismo was almost as famous as his writing: he lived in Paris, Cuba and Key West, fancied bullfighting and big game hunting, and served as a war correspondent in WWII and the Spanish Civil War. His books include The Sun Also Rises (1926), A Farewell to Arms (1929) and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). His short novel The Old Man and the Sea (1952) won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953, and Hemingway was given the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. His memoir of his early life in Paris, A Moveable Feast, was published posthumously in 1964.", "Hemingway and Pauline first came to Key West as visitors in 1928 and again the following year.  During their 3 week 1928 stay, Ernest finished his famous World War One novel \"A Farewell To Arms\". ", "Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois, in 1899, the son of a doctor and a music teacher. He began his writing career as a reporter for the Kansas City Star. At age eighteen, he volunteered to serve as a Red Cross ambulance driver in World War I and was sent to Italy, where he was badly injured by shrapnel. Hemingway later fictionalized his experience in Italy in what some consider his greatest novel, A Farewell to Arms. In 1921, Hemingway moved to Paris, where he served as a correspondent for the Toronto Daily Star. In Paris, he fell in with a group of American and English expatriate writers that included F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, Gertrude Stein, and Ford Madox Ford. In the early 1920s, Hemingway began to achieve fame as a chronicler of the disaffection felt by many American youth after World War I—a generation of youth whom Stein memorably dubbed the “Lost Generation.” His novels The Sun Also Rises (1926) and A Farewell to Arms (1929) established him as a dominant literary voice of his time. His spare, charged style of writing was revolutionary at the time and would be imitated, for better or for worse, by generations of young writers to come.", "Ernest Hemingway, in full Ernest Miller Hemingway (born July 21, 1899, Cicero [now in Oak Park], Illinois , U.S.—died July 2, 1961, Ketchum, Idaho ), American novelist and short-story writer, awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. He was noted both for the intense masculinity of his writing and for his adventurous and widely publicized life. His succinct and lucid prose style exerted a powerful influence on American and British fiction in the 20th century.", "Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois, in the summer of 1899. He later portrayed his middle-class parents rather harshly, condemning them for their conventional morality and values. As a young man, he left home to become a newspaper writer in Kansas City. Early in 1918, he joined the Italian Red Cross and served as an ambulance driver in Italy during World War I, in which the Italians allied with the British, French, and Americans against Germany and Austria-Hungary. During his time abroad, Hemingway had two experiences that affected him profoundly and that would later inspire one of his most celebrated novels, A Farewell to Arms. The first occurred on July 8, 1918, when a trench mortar shell struck him while he crouched beyond the front lines with three Italian soldiers. Though Hemingway embellished the story over the years, it is certain that he was transferred to a hospital in Milan, where he fell in love with a Red Cross nurse named Agnes von Kurowsky. Scholars are divided over Agnes’s role in Hemingway’s life and writing, but there is little doubt that his relationship with her informed the relationship between Lieutenant Henry and Catherine Barkley in A Farewell to Arms.", "One of the great American writers of the 20th century. Hemingway’s lean stories usually dealt with men living active, dangerous lives, soldiers, fishermen, athletes, bullfighters, who meet challenge and hardship with quiet courage. Works include “A Farewell to Arms” (1929),”To Have and Have Not” (1937), “For Whom the Bell Tolls” (1940), and “The Old Man and the Sea” (1952). Many of Hemingway’s books were made into movies. He was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in literature", "Ernest Miller Hemingway was born in Chicago in 1899 as the son of a doctor and the second of six children. After a stint as an ambulance driver at the Italian front, Hemingway came home to America in 1919, only to return to the battlefield - this time as a reporter on the Greco-Turkish war - in 1922. Resigning from journalism to focus on his writing instead, he moved to Paris where he renewed his earlier friendship with fellow American expatriates such as Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein. Through the years, Hemingway travelled widely and wrote avidly, becoming an internationally recognized literary master of his craft. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954, following the publication of The Old Man and the Sea. He died in 1961. show more", "Critics generally agree that A Farewell to Arms is Hemingway’s most accomplished novel. It offers powerful descriptions of life during and immediately following World War I and brilliantly maps the psychological complexities of its characters using a revolutionary, pared-down prose style. Furthermore, the novel, like much of Hemingway’s writing during what were to be his golden years, helped to establish the author’s myth of himself as a master of many trades: writing, soldiering, boxing, bullfighting, big-game hunting.", "Ernest Hemingway - Mini Biography (TV-14; 3:38) Ernest Hemingway was one of the most important writers of the 20th Century. His brief writing style in his novels \"A Farewell to Arms,\" \"The Sun Also Rises,\" and \"The Old Man and the Sea\" changed literature forever.", "In December of 1921, he sailed to France and joined an expatriate community of writers and artists in Paris while continuing to write for the Toronto Star. There his fiction career began in \"little magazines\" and small presses and led to a volume of short stories, In Our Time (1925). His novels The Sun Also Rises (1926) and A Farewell to Arms (1929) established Hemingway as the most important and influential fiction writer of his generation. His later collections of short stories and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) affirmed his extraordinary career while his highly publicized life gave him unrivaled celebrity as a literary figure.", "\"A Farewell to Arms\" was written in Paris, Key West, Pigott, Ark.; Kansas City, Mo., and Sheridan, Wyo.; \"To Have and Have Not\" at Key West, in Cuba and Spain, and \"For Whom the Bell Tolls\" in Cuba and Idaho, after Hemingway's return from his service as a correspondent for this and other newspapers in the Spanish Civil War.", "On the advice of Sherwood Anderson, Hemingway and the first of his four wives went to Paris where he became part of the \"lost generation\" of expatriate writers including John Dos Passos, Gertrude Stein, F. Scott Fitzgerald and James Joyce. While there he wrote articles for the Toronto Star. In 1923 he completed his first published work, Three Stories and Ten Poems. More books followed including The Sun Also Rises (1926) which brought him international literary fame. Hemingway's lean prose style and existentially cold heroes had an enormous impact on the world of letters and that style continued through such masterpieces as A Farewell to Arms (1929) and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940).", "In Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms, many different themes are present throughout the book. Love, lust, nationalism, tragedy, and hatred are what I think", "There were, and there are many different points of view on this novel. Not all of them are benevolent; some literary critics called the book a plain love story, which took place in the war time. There is no use to argue with them. Every reader may have his own opinion. In this respect I would like to remind Sean Hemingway’s words written by the grandson of the famous writer in his Introduction to the same edition: “In A Farewell to Arms, like in the world of nature, much of significance lies beneath the surface, and yet it is all there if you know what to look for”. Just open the book, start reading it, and you will definitely find its antiwar significance, which is there and not so deep beneath.", "Between the covers of Ernest Hemingway’s book A Farewell to Arms lies a bold character named Frederic Henry. Henry is able to live through", "Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) Author (works include For Whom the Bell Tolls, Old Man and the Sea)", "Hemingway left behind an impressive body of work and an iconic style that still influences writers today. His personality and constant pursuit of adventure loomed almost as large as his creative talent.", "Professor Gates concluded the centennial celebration similarly—noting that Hemingway was \"one of the finest prose stylists in English. He captured in stunning stories and novels the uncomfortable realities of his age and forced into public consciousness a realization of the brutalities of war and their lingering psychological affects. His stories of Nick Adams depict the adolescent agonies of a generation. His best novels record for all time the emotional turmoil of modern warfare and modern life. It is the integrity of his craft, a richness beyond legend, that will forever endure.\"", "Henry Louis Gates believes Hemingway's style was fundamentally shaped \"in reaction to [his] experience of world war\". After World War I, he and additional modernists \"lost faith in the central institutions of Western civilization\" by reacting against the elaborate style of 19th-century writers and by creating a style \"in which meaning is established through dialogue, through action, and silences—a fiction in which nothing crucial—or at least quite little—is stated explicitly.\" [4]", "Henry Louis Gates believes Hemingway's style was fundamentally shaped \"in reaction to [his] experience of world war\". After World War I, he and other modernists \"lost faith in the central institutions of Western civilization,\" by reacting against the elaborate style of 19th century writers and by creating a style \"in which meaning is established through dialogue, through action, and silences—a fiction in which nothing crucial—or at least very little—is stated explicitly.\" [17]" ]

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[ "Andy Warhol (né Andrej Varchola, Jr.) was born on August 6, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was the fourth child of Ondrej Varchola (1889-1942)(americanized as Andrew Warhola,Sr.) and Júlia (née Zavacká, 1892–1972),[4] whose first child was born in their homeland and died before their move to the U.S. Andy had two older brothers Paul, born about 1923 and John born about 1925.", "Andy Warhol (; born Andrew Warhola; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American artist who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore the relationship between artistic expression, celebrity culture, and advertisement that flourished by the 1960s.", "Andy Warhol was born Andrew Warhola on August 6, 1928, in a two-room shack-like apartment at 73 Orr Street in the working class neighborhood of Soho in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Andrej Warhola and Julia Zavacky Warhola. The youngest of three sons, Andrew attended Holmes Elementary School and Schenley High School, and entered Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University) in Pittsburgh in 1945, where he studied with Balcomb Greene, Robert Lepper, Samuel Rosenberg, and others. He experimented with his name, signing holiday cards “André,” and dropping the final “a” from his family name. He graduated in June 1949 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in Pictorial Design.", "In context Andrew Warhola, Jr. (August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987), known as Andy Warhol, was an American painter, printmaker, and filmmaker who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. After a successful career as a commercial illustrator, Warhol became famous worldwide for his work as a painter, avant-garde filmmaker, record producer, author, and member of highly diverse social circles that included Bohemian street people, distinguished intellectuals, Hollywood celebrities and wealthy patrons.", "Andy Warhol (né Andrej Varhola, Jr.) was born on August 6, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was the fourth child of Andrej Varhola (Americanized as Andrew Warhola, Sr., 1889–1942) and Júlia (née Zavacká, 1892–1972), whose first child was born in their homeland and died before their move to the U.S. Andy had two older brothers, Paul (June 26, 1922 – January 30, 2014) and John Warhola (May 31, 1925 – December 24, 2010).", "Guru of Pop Art movement Andy Warhol, born Andrew Warhola Junior, with his typical hairstyle in Italy, the '80s", "Andy Warhol Andrew Warhola is considered to be the “founder and a major figure of the pop art movement”. He was born in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania", "Andy Warhol (/ˈwɔrhɒl/; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American artist who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore the relationship between artistic expression, celebrity culture and advertisement that flourished by the 1960s. After a successful career as a commercial illustrator, Warhol became a renowned and sometimes controversial artist. The Andy Warhol Museum in his native city, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives. It is the largest museum in the United States dedicated to a single artist.", "Andy Warhol was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on August 6, 1928. He was the fourth child of Ondrej Warhola (died 1942) and Julia (n�e Zavacka, 1892—1972), whose first child was born in their homeland and died before their move to the U.S. His parents were working-class emigrants from Mik� (now called Mikov�), in northeastern Slovakia, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Warhol's father immigrated to the US in 1914, and his mother joined him in 1921, after the death of Andy Warhol's grandparents. Warhol's father worked in a coal mine. The family lived at 55 Beelen Street and later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh. The family was Byzantine Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church. Andy Warhol had two older brothers, J�n and Pavol, who were born in today's Slovakia. Pavol's son, James Warhola, became a successful children's book illustrator.", "Andy Warhol Biography 1928-1987 Campbell's Soup: Black Bean (c) VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2001/2002 No other artist... is as much identified with Pop Art as Andy Warhol. The media called him the Prince of Pop. Warhol made his way from a Pittsburgh working class family to an American legend. Born in Pittsburgh Andy was born in 1930 in Pittsburgh as the son of Slovak immigrants. His original name was Andrew Warhola. His father was as a construction worker and died in an accident when Andy was 13 years...", "Born Andrew Warhola, one of three sons of Czech immigrants, Warhol grew up in the industrial city of McKeesport, Pa., near Pittsburgh. A delicate youth, he suffered three nervous breakdowns as a child.", "By any standard, Andy was a strange person. Famous since the early 1960's for his Pop art impressions of modern American life - the famous Campbell soup cans prints - and enigmatic quotes - \"In the future everyone will be famous for 15 minutes\" - Warhol pioneered a style of art and artist, America in the post Eisenhower age had never seen. Born in Pittsburgh on August 6, 1928, Andy was the youngest son of Ondrej and Julia Warhola. Immigrants from an obscure corner of then Transylvania, they were uneducated, uncultured and a most unlikely gene pool for an artist.", "Andy Warhol was born in Pittsburgh in 1928 and died in New York City in 1987. His work is included in public collections worldwide. His first major exhibition was at Ferus Gallery, Los Angeles, in 1962. Since then, his work has been the subject of numerous exhibitions in museums and galleries throughout the world, including retrospectives at Pasadena Art Museum (1970, traveled to Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; Stedelijk van Abbemuseum, Eindhoven; Musée d’Art Moderne, Paris; Tate Gallery, London; and Whitney Museum of American Art, New York); Museum of Modern Art, New York (1989, traveled to Art Institute of Chicago; Hayward Gallery, London; Museum Ludwig, Cologne; Palazzo Reale, Milan; and Musée National d’Art Moderne, Paris); and Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin (2001–02, traveled to Tate Modern, London; and Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles). Recent exhibitions include “Warhol: Headlines,” Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna, Rome (2011–12); “Andy Warhol: Shadows,” Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (2014–15); “Transmitting Andy Warhol,” Tate Liverpool (2014–15); and “Andy Warhol: Campbell’s Soup Cans and Other Works, 1953–1967,” Museum of Modern Art, New York (2015).", "Andy Warhola was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1928. He was an American artist and a leader of the pop art movement of the 1960s.", "1928 Andy Warhol was born. American painter of the pop art movement. In the 1960s he made paintings of Campbell's Soup cans, Coca-Cola cans and other American products.", "His parents were working-class Rusyn emigrants from Mikó (now called Miková), located in today’s northeastern Slovakia, part of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. Warhol's father immigrated to the US in 1914, and his mother joined him in 1921, after the death of Warhol's grandparents. Warhol's father worked in a coal mine. The family lived at 55 Beelen Street and later at 3252 Dawson Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh. The family was Byzantine Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church. Andy Warhol had two older brothers – Pavol (Paul), the oldest, was born in Slovakia; Ján was born in Pittsburgh. Pavol's son, James Warhola, became a successful children's book illustrator. About 1939, he starts collecting autographed cards of film stars.", "Andy Warhol   © Warhol was an US painter, film-maker and author, and a leading figure in the Pop Art movement.", "Andy Warhol, American painter, printmaker, photographer, filmmaker, writer, publisher, commercial artist, and illustrator who... first gained recognition with his imaginative advertising designs for elite clients such as Tiffany & Company, retailer Henri Bendel, and I. Miller shoes. Warhol ultimately became one of the most famous figures of the 20th century, renowned as much for the persona he created as for his multiple original silk-screen images of common supermarket products, front-page news events...", "Andy Warhol, a founder of Pop Art whose paintings and prints of Presidents, movie stars, soup cans and other icons of America made him one of the most famous artists in the world, died yesterday. He was believed to be 58 years old.", "Soon after graduating, Warhol moved to New York City to pursue a career as a commercial artist. His work debuted in Glamour magazine in September 1949. Warhol became one of the most successful illustrators of the 1950s, winning numerous awards. He had a unique, whimsical style of drawing that belied its frequent sources: traced photographs and imagery. At times Warhol employed the delightfully quirky handwriting of his mother, who was always credited as “Andy Warhol’s Mother,” Julia Warhola left Pittsburgh in 1952 and lived with her son for almost 20 years before her death in Pittsburgh in 1972.", "Andy Warhol is perhaps one of the more famous names from this movement, who was known for his exploration of artistic expression, use of advertising and celebrity culture in his artwork.", "(1928–87) painter, filmmaker; born in Pittsburgh, Pa. A founder of the pop art movement of the 1960s, he studied at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh (1945–49) and by 1950 had settled in New York City working as a commercial artist. By 1957 he began his series of silkscreen paintings based on comic strips, advertisements, and newspaper photos of public personalities; by 1961 his painted replicas of Campbell's Soup cans made him into a celebrity, and from then on his works and words (\"In the future everyone will be famous for 15 minutes.\") kept him constantly in the headlines although he cultivated an image that was both elusive and evasive. Much of his work was collaborative and produced in a loft called \"the Factory.\" He also turned to making underground films such as Chelsea Girls (1966), deliberately coarse amalgams of sexuality and banality; these were coproduced and primarily directed by Paul Morrissey. In 1968 Warhol was shot and wounded by Valerie Solanis, who had appeared in his films. In 1969 he began to publish Interview, a magazine of fashion news and gossip. He then embarked on his serial portraits of international personalities, becoming extremely rich from selling silkscreen multiples of such as Mao Zedong (1974). He amassed a fabulous collection of antiques and collectibles (such as cookie jars), auctioned after his death for a small fortune. Said to have been a devout Catholic, he remained personally enigmatic despite his years in the public spotlight.", "This stylish and definitive documentary about painter Andy Warhol traces his life from Pittsburgh schoolboy to pop art legend, from advertising illustrator to chronicler of the haut monde of New York City. The film includes behind-the-scenes looks at \"Factory\" life and several enigmatic interviews given by Warhol over the years, a dazzling array of images from his art and films and commentary by contemporaries and friends. 2000. 87 min. Video/C 7633", "No other artist is as much identified with Pop Art as Andy Warhol. The media called him the Prince of Pop. Warhol made his way from a Pittsburgh working class family to an American legend.", "Andy Warhol’s and Ai Weiwei’s practices, like those of many artists, began with a strong interest in drawing. Following art school at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Warhol relocated to New York and worked as a commercial illustrator throughout the 1950s. His professional success was largely due to a simple yet sophisticated style and his ability to create art quickly using the ‘blotted line’ technique – a signature style which combined drawing with very basic printmaking. One of his best known advertising campaigns in the 1950s was for I. Miller Shoes; other clients included book publishers, record companies and fashion magazines. These early drawings are of a more personal nature and reveal Warhol’s interest in themes explored in later paintings, screen-prints and films, such as beauty, celebrity, commodities and urban life.", "More than twenty years after his death, Andy Warhol remains one of the most influential figures in contemporary art and culture. Warhol’s life and work inspires creative thinkers worldwide thanks to his enduring imagery, his artfully cultivated celebrity, and the ongoing research of dedicated scholars. His impact as an artist is far deeper and greater than his one prescient observation that “everyone will be world famous for fifteen minutes.” His omnivorous curiosity resulted in an enormous body of work that spanned every available medium and most importantly contributed to the collapse of boundaries between high and low culture. ", "Warhol was trained as a commercial artist, and is best known for founding (or claiming to found) the Pop Art Movement in American art. He developed the technique of projecting photographic images to a silk screen, a process that enabled him to produce repetitive patterns within the same piece relatively quickly. Typical works are of famous people, everyday objects (soup cans, dollar bills) and macabre scenes of car wrecks and electric chairs.", "As a teenager, Warhol graduated from Schenley High School in the year 1945. Though not medically diagnosed, Andy had dyslexia, which contributed to broadening his imagination for art. He perceived the world differently from other artists, who did not have this disorder, which was somewhat of a underlying gift. After graduating from high school, his intentions were to study art education at the University of Pittsburgh in hopes of becoming an art teacher, but his plans changed to enrolling in the Carnegie Institute of Technology to pursue an art career as a commercial illustrator. In 1949, he earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Graphic Design.", "So strongly associated with the oft-mythologized 1960s, those outside of the art world can be forgiven for forgetting that Andy Warhol lived and kept working until 1987. With a bit of scrutiny, Warhol emerges as a total 80s dude, too: he did commercials for Braniff airlines with Sonny Liston; he showed up in a room with Hulk Hogan, Rowdy Roddy Piper, and Mr. T at Wrestlemania; and now it's clear that he was an early adopter of the personal computer as an artistic medium.", "In 1984, Warhol collaborated with young artists Jean-Michel Basquiat, Francesco Clemente, and Keith Haring on artworks. Warhol returned to painting with a brush in these, briefly abandoning the silkscreen method he had used exclusively since 1962. Nearly all of Warhol’s works in every medium were created with the help of friends (beginning with writer Ralph Ward, and the crowd at Serendipity 3 café in the 1950s), paid assistants (beginning with Vito Giallo and Nathan Gluck in the 1950s), and managers such as Fred Hughes. Of all of these, the best known are the Superstars – the “underground” actors of his films of the 1960s such as Taylor Mead, Baby Jane Holzer, Ingrid Superstar, Brigid Polk, Edie Sedgwick, Ondine, Viva, Joe Dallesandro, Candy Darling, Jackie Curtis, and many others.", "It was during the 1960s that Warhol began to make paintings of iconic American products such as Campbell's Soup Cans and Coca-Cola bottles, as well as paintings of celebrities such as Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley, Troy Donahue, Muhammad Ali and Elizabeth Taylor. He founded \"The Factory\", his studio during these years, and gathered around himself a wide range of artists, writers, musicians, and underground celebrities. He began producing prints using the silkscreen method. His work became popular and controversial.", "During high school, Warhol took art classes both at school and at the Carnegie Museum. He was somewhat of an outcast because he was quiet, could always be found with a sketchbook in his hands, and had shockingly pale skin and white-blonde hair. Warhol also loved to go to movies and started a collection of celebrity memorabilia, especially autographed photos. A number of these pictures appeared in Warhol's later artwork." ]

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[ "Blondie and Dagwood, wife and husband who appeared in Blondie, an American newspaper comic strip created by Chic Young in 1930. Originally, Blondie Boopadoop was a flighty flapper and Dagwood Bumstead was the bumbling playboy son of a millionaire industrialist. The two were married, and Dagwood was promptly disinherited from the family fortune. Blondie and Dagwood had a son in 1934 (Baby Dumpling, later called Alexander) and a daughter in 1941. Hundreds of thousands of readers participated in a mail-in contest to name the Bumstead baby, and she was eventually dubbed Cookie.", "Chic Young’s classic comic strip was began its run in newspapers in September 1930, distributed by King Features Syndicate. It chronicled the life of flapper Blondie Boopadoop, who married her boyfriend Dagwood Bumstead in 1933. Dagwood, whose fondness for towering sandwiches defied the laws of physics, was disowned by his wealthy family for marrying Blondie and soon took a job at the J. C. Dithers Construction Company to pay the bills.", "Blondie. The beautiful, svelte wife of Dagwood Bumstead in the comic strip “Blondie” and T.V. series “Blondie and Dagwood.”", "Love finally triumphs against tide and wind and Dagwood Bumstead gets married with Blondie Boopadoop. Dagwood�s father disinherited him and he has to get an office job (what he does in the office was never made clear) and they move into small house in the suburbs (where they got the money was never mentioned). Blondie gave up flapping to become America�s favorite wife, mother and homemaker in the years of economic depression.", "Blondie & Dagwood - \"Blondie\" is an American comic strip by Chic Young, featuring a well-endowed wife and her sandwich-loving husband. The strip has been published in newspapers since September 8, 1930.", "In those days, Dagwood was a rich playboy whose snooty parents greatly disapproved of the union. When he and Blondie married in 1933, the J. Boling Bumsteads disinherited their son, relegating him to a modest suburban life of raising kids, carpooling, battling blowhard boss Mr. Dithers and making really big sandwiches.", "Blondie and Dagwood live next door to Herb and Tootsie Woodley. The Bumstead family has grown, with the addition of a son named Alexander (originally \"Baby Dumpling\") in 1934, a daughter named Cookie in 1941 (both permanently frozen in their late teens as of 2008), and a dog named Daisy. Alexander and Cookie have grown into teenagers who uncannily resemble their parents. Other regular characters include Mr. Beasley the mailman, Elmo Tuttle, a pesky neighborhood kid who often asks Dagwood to play, Cora Dithers, the domineering wife of Julius Dithers, and Lou, owner of Lou's Diner where Dagwood frequently eats on his lunch break.", "8.9.1930 First Blondie Boopadoop comic strip by Murat Bernard \"Chic\" Young (1901-1973). One of his flighty flappers she dated playboy Dagwood Bumstead, son of the millionaire, J. Bolling Bumstead, a railroad magnate, along with several other boyfriends. (Sara W. Duke - Library of Congress) - Blondie reveals her urge to seduce her boyfriends' fathers", "Dagwood. The bungling husband and father, Dagwood Bumstead was created by Chic Young for his comic strip “Blondie.”", "\"Dagwood Bumstead\" is a main fictional character/character in comic artist Chic Young's long-running comic strip Blondie (comic strip)/Blondie. He first appeared sometime prior to 17 February 1933.", "1930 The ‘Dagwood’ sandwich was created by Dagwood Bumstead or the comic strip Blondie by Murat Bernard ‘Chic’ young. The ‘Dagwood’ is a sandwich made with many layers of bread, meats, cheese, lettuce, tomato, condiments, etc.", "An animated cartoon TV special featuring the characters was made in 1987 by Marvel Productions , (who had earlier collaborated with King Features for the animated series Defenders of the Earth , starring King Feature's adventure characters) and shown on CBS , [13] with a second special, Second Wedding Workout, telecast in 1989. Blondie was voiced by Loni Anderson , Dagwood by Frank Welker . Both animated specials are available on the fourth DVD of the Advantage Cartoon Mega Pack. Both of these specials were paired with other King Features-based specials; the first special was paired with a special based on Cathy ; the second one was paired with Hägar the Horrible .", "Twice in 75 years, though, it looked as if \"Blondie\" could go the way of \"Terry and Pirates\" and \"Krazy Kat\" into comics oblivion. The first time, during the Depression when hard-luck Americans tired of the flapper comics predominate in the day, Chic Young solved the problem by having Blondie and Dagwood marry and transition to a life of domesticity.", "Dagwood Bumstead : Blondie's husband. A kind yet naïve man whose cartoonish antics are the basis for the strip. He is a big fan of football and has a large, insatiable appetite for food. His continuous antagonistic and comical confrontations with his boss Mr. Dithers, for numerous reasons including Dagwood's laziness and silly mistakes, is a subplot that gets considerable attention in the strip. Another subplot deals with Bumstead and his neighbor Herb. He can also often be seen napping on his couch.", "Dagwood Bumstead : Blondie's husband. A kind and loving yet clumsy, naïve and lazy man whose cartoonish antics are the basis for the strip. He is a big fan of sports (primarily football and baseball) and has a large, insatiable appetite for food (but he remains slender). Dagwood is especially fond of making and eating the mile-high Dagwood sandwich . He celebrates even the most insignificant holidays, and approaches Thanksgiving (a holiday known for lavish dinners) with the same reverence most people reserve for Christmas. His continuous antagonistic and comical confrontations with his boss Mr. Dithers, for numerous reasons including Dagwood's laziness and silly mistakes, is a subplot that gets considerable attention in the strip. His klutziness is also a fundamental part of his encounters with Mr. Beasley the mailman. Another subplot deals with Dagwood and his neighbor Herb. He can also often be seen napping on his couch.", "Alexander Bumstead: the elder child of Blondie and Dagwood who is in his late teens, formerly referred to by his pet name \"Baby Dumpling\". As a child, he was very mischievous and precocious. As a teenager, he is athletic, levelheaded and intelligent. Despite resembling his father, he is more down-to-earth like his mother.", "Blondie is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Chic Young. Distributed by King Features Syndicate, the strip has been published in newspapers since September 8, 1930. The success of the strip, which features the eponymous blonde and her sandwich-loving husband, led to the long-running Blondie film series (1938–1950) and the popular Blondie radio program (1939–1950).", "Blondie is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Chic Young. Distributed by King Features Syndicate, the strip has been published in newspapers since September 8, 1930. The success of the strip, which features the eponymous blonde and her sandwich-loving husband, led to the long-running Blondie film series (1938-1950) and the popular Blondie radio program (1939-1950).", "Other episodes saw Mr. Dithers and his wife staying with the Bumsteads; Dagwood and Herb feuding over tools; Blondie thinking her marriage isn’t valid due to a missing marriage license; Dagwood quitting because Mr. Dithers won’t give him a raise; Mr. Dithers assuming Dagwood stole money after seeing Blondie on a shopping spree; Dagwood trying to help Alexander woo a classmate.", "Cookie Bumstead: the younger child of Blondie and Dagwood who is in her early teens. Cookie is portrayed as a typical teenage girl whose interests include dating, hanging out with friends, and clothes.", "*Blondie: The Bumstead Family History by Dean Young and Melena Ryzik (2007) Thomas Nelson Pub. ISBN 1-4016-0322-X", "Now one of the most famous married couples in the world in one of the most widely read strips in comics history, Blondie and Dagwood are celebrating the milestone anniversary this summer in a running story line featuring cameos by their comics-page cohorts, whose creators also will pay tribute to “Blondie” by inviting the happy couple into their own panels.", "According to critic J.P. Shanley, “viewers who have been amused by the comic-strip and motion-picture capers of Dagwood Bumstead probably will like the television version” as well [ 17 ]. Shanley noted that the series wasn’t “taking any liberties with the original formula devised by cartoonist Chic Young. Dagwood still is a dunce with a heart of gold. Blondie continues to give him loyal support in his battles with his crusty employer, Mr. Dithers. The Bumstead household remains a place of sound and fury [ 18 ]. The bottom line? “For ‘Blondie’ fans it may be fun. Others are warned to seek their pleasure elsewhere” [ 19 ].", "There are several running gags in Blondie, reflecting the trend after Chic Young ‘s death for the strip to focus almost entirely on Dagwood as the lead character:", "Blondie is an American comic strip created by Murat Bernard \"Chic\" Young and syndicated by King Features Syndicate . It has been published in newspapers since September 8, 1930. The success of the comic strip led to a long-run Blondie film series (1938-1950) and a popular Blondie radio program (1939-1950).", "Then, the miracle! Blondie and Dagwood fell in love. Really in love. More than any comic characters before them. They made plans to get married, at the time a bold departure in comics.", "*Daisy: The Bumsteads' family dog whose best friend is Dagwood and who frequently changes her expression in response to Dagwood's comments or other activities. She, in the later years of the comic, gave birth to puppies.", "When I’m not working on Blondie, my favorite activities are spending time with my family, spearfishing, skiing and playing chess. As for any resemblance I may have to Dagwood Bumstead...well, Dagwood and I both have “black belts” in buffet and we both like naps. But I believe that the biggest commonality has to do with the fact that we’re both family men, and I think the strip reflects that. I guess you could say that I’m Dagwood’s alter ego, but hopefully, with a little more finesse.", "Daisy: The Bumsteads’ family dog whose best friend is Dagwood and who frequently changes her expression in response to Dagwood’s comments or other activities. She, in the later years of the comic, gave birth to puppies.", "Daisy: The Bumsteads' family dog whose best friend is Dagwood and who frequently changes her expression in response to Dagwood's comments or other activities. She, in the later years of the comic, gave birth to puppies.", "Television, radio, and motion pictures rights to “Blonde” comic strip and movie series have been acquired for Slesinger Productions out of New York. The Company has already completed a pilot film for the new series, which will be presented by the Williams Morris Agency. Contract arrangements for packages will allow either East or West coast production, live or film. Series will star Hollywood Starlet Jeff Donnell in title role with John Harvey as “Dagwood,” and will be produced by Stephen Slesinger with Mare Daniels, former director of CBS-TV’s “I Love Lucy,” as director.", "Actress, Best Selling Author. Wife of actor Jim Backus . Best known for her role as 'Cora Dithers' in the 1968 sitcom \"Blondie,\" which co-starred her husband. She also appeared with her husband in a second season episode of \"Gilligan�s Island.\" The pair appeared in several films together including \"Don�t Make Waves,\" \"Hello Down There,\" \"Meet Me In Las Vegas\" and \"The Great Man.\" Mrs. Backus made her Broadway debut under... [Read More] (Bio by: The Perplexed Historian )" ]

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[ "The strip's popularity grew from an original eight papers, to ultimately more than 900. At its peak, Li'l Abner was estimated to have been read daily by 60 to 70 million Americans (the U.S. population at the time was only 180 million), with adult readers far outnumbering children. Many communities, high schools and colleges staged Sadie Hawkins dances, patterned after the similar annual event in the strip. <br /><br />Li'l Abner has one odd design quirk that has puzzled readers for decades: the part in his hair always faces the viewer, no matter which direction Abner is facing. In response to the question âWhich side does Abner part his hair on?,\" Capp would answer, âBoth.â Capp said he finally found the right \"look\" for Li'l Abner with Henry Fonda's character Dave Tolliver, in The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936). Read Less", "Li'l Abner has one odd design quirk that has puzzled readers for decades: the part in his hair always faces the viewer, no matter which direction Abner is facing. In response to the question “Which side does Abner part his hair on?,\" Capp would answer, “Both.” Capp said he finally found the right \"look\" for Li'l Abner with Henry Fonda's character Dave Tolliver, in The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936). In later years, Capp always claimed to have effectively created the miniskirt, when he first put one on Daisy Mae in 1934. Parodies, toppers and alternate strips", "Capp claimed that he found the right look for Li'l Abner with Henry Fonda 's character Dave Tolliver in The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936). Fonda later commented, \"He's never told me, but I was told he has said that.\" [20]", "Li'l Abner has one odd design quirk that has puzzled readers for decades: the part in his hair always faces the viewer, no matter which direction Abner is facing. In response to the question “Which side does Abner part his hair on?\", Capp would answer, “Both.” Capp said he finally found the right \"look\" for Li'l Abner with Henry Fonda's character Dave Tolliver, in The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936). In later years, Capp always claimed to have effectively created the miniskirt, when he first put one on Daisy Mae in 1934.", "Trail of the Lonesome Pine, The A young engineer (Fred MacMurray) comes to the Blue Ridge Mountains to build a railroad through the underdeveloped goal lands and gets caught up in a bitter family feud. Stars Henry Fonda, Sylvia Sidney. Universal, 1936, MPAA rating: NR, $14.98", "Beetle Bailey (begun on September 4, 1950)[2] is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Mort Walker. Set in a fictional United States Army military post, it is among the oldest comic strips still being produced by the original creator. Over the years, Mort Walker has been assisted by (among others) Jerry Dumas, Bob Gustafson, Frank Johnson and Walker's sons Neal, Brian and Greg Walker. The latter is currently credited on the strip.", "The famous cartoon character created by Nat Greenwood and George Crenshaw. The Belvedere comic strip was published between 1962 and 1995.", "What began as a hillbilly burlesque soon evolved into one of the most imaginative, popular and well-drawn strips of the 20th century. Featuring vividly outlandish characters, bizarre situations, and equal parts suspense , slapstick , irony , satire , black humor and biting social commentary , Li'l Abner is considered a classic of the genre. The comic strip stars Li'l Abner Yokum—the simple-minded, loutish but good-natured and eternally innocent hayseed who lives with his parents—scrawny but superhuman Mammy Yokum, and shiftless, childlike Pappy Yokum.", "Dick Tracy is an American comic strip featuring Dick Tracy (originally Plainclothes Tracy), a tough and intelligent police detective created by Chester Gould. The strip made its debut on October 4, 1931 in the Detroit Mirror. It was distributed by the Chicago Tribune New York News Syndicate. Gould wrote and drew the strip until 1977. Since that time, various artists and writers have continued the strip, which still runs in newspapers today. Dick Tracy has also been the hero in a number of films, notably one in which Warren Beatty played the crime fighter in 1990.", "What began as a hillbilly burlesque soon evolved into one of the most imaginative, popular and well-drawn strips of the 20th century. Featuring vividly outlandish characters, bizarre situations, and equal parts suspense, slapstick, irony, satire, black humor and biting social commentary, Li'l Abner is considered a classic of the genre. The comic strip stars Li'l Abner Yokum...the simple-minded, loutish but good-natured and eternally innocent hayseed who lives with his parents...scrawny but superhuman Mammy Yokum, and shiftless, childlike Pappy Yokum.", "Cartoonists often have a profound impact on social life. In 1937 Al Capp (1909–1979) introduced Sadie Hawkins Day, in which women pursued men with the goal toward marriage. It quickly became a national institution. In this 1943 Sadie Hawkins series, L'il Abner reads the notice about the upcoming event, and, while he boasts he will be far away from Daisy Mae's grasp, the stars belie him. L'il Abner eluded Daisy Mae's grasp until Capp wed his two characters in 1952. The bold cartooning style, use of black to effect, and his ability to spin a yarn made L'il Abner an award-winning comic strip from 1934 to 1977.", "The Phantom is a long-running American adventure comic strip, first published by Mandrake the Magician creator Lee Falk in February 1936, now primarily published internationally by Frew Publications. The main character, the Phantom, is a fictional costumed crime-fighter who operates from the fictional African country of Bangalla. The character has been adapted for television, film and video games.", "a comic strip by Chic Young (1930) featuring Blondie Boopadoop as a flapper who subsequently became the wife of the ineffectual Dagwood Bumstead and then mother of the precocious Baby Dumpling; the domestic dramas of this heroine burgeoned into a series of over twenty films [ending with Blondie's Hero (1950)], before being serialized for early television. See DISTAFF, SKIRT, GI JANE, HOLLOW BUNNY, BALL BUSTER, AMAZON, FLYING BRAVO, SQUEAK, RUNTS 'n' CUNTS, FATHER KNOWS BEST, FICTIONAL CHARACTER.", "With the rising popularity of hillbilly comic strips in the 1930s, Billy DeBeck took his title character, Barney Google, to Hootin' Holler in the mountains of North Carolina and introduced two new characters to his comic strip, Snuffy Smith and his wife Lo'wizie. The hard-working Lo'wizie always contrasted sharply with the lazy Snuffy. William Morgan “Billy” de Beck (1890–1942) began Barney Google in 1919. Fred Lasswell, who had been DeBeck's assistant on the strip when the characters moved to Hootin' Holler, took over and continued the strip from 1942 until his death in 2001.", "Gray described his Annie character as \"tougher than hell, with a heart of gold and a fast left, who can take care of herself because she has to.\" The cartoonist became a multi-millionaire from his creation. Annie was transformed into a radio personality for 13 years beginning in the 1930s; she was on the movie screen for the first time in 1932 and again in 1938. The Little Orphan Annie storylines were a good fit for comic books, and along with appearing in \"Dell's Super Comics from 1939-49,\" said Don Markstein of \" Don Markstein's Toonopedia ,\" Annie also appeared in her own comic books from 1937 to 1948.", "Avery’s style took on a level of self-awareness not present in cartoons before, as his animations yearned for a type of subtlety that the comedy and gags scorned, delivering many ‘mock-apologies’ on screen for the gags pulled. In 1944, Avery created a star character for MGM, the Screwy Squirrel who appeared in Screwball Squirrel, as well as Avery’s next three cartoons, and modelled his character on  Walter Lantz ‘ Woody Woodpecker. In his third year at MGM in 1944, Avery began to find his footing, as he had with Schlesinger in the past at Warner Brothers, and created the mock western Wild and Woolfy in 1945. For the most part during this period the Avery unit’s cartoons released had no close connection with the Hanna-Barbera unit, seeming to come from two separate studios. Avery created his best-known MGM character in 1943, Droopy, an anthropomorphic dog.", "comic strip character created by Reg Smythe , seen in The Daily Mirror and The Sunday Mirror newspapers since August 5 , 1957 . The strip is syndicated internationally by Creators Syndicate . Originally a single-panel cartoon, Smythe later expanded it to four panels. The character is also licensed as the mascot for a line of snack foods , and a defunct chain of miniature golf courses in Brevard County, Florida", "The notorious \"Gypsy\" strip was based on an individual who had stolen something from one of the artists and the character of Postman Plod was based on a bus driver who had been rude to another artist (as well as being a parody of a popular children's show .) Similarly, Farmer Palmer was inspired by a farmer who had been rude to one of the artists.", "Li'l Abner is a satirical American comic strip that appeared in many newspapers in the United States, Canada and Europe, featuring a fictional clan of hillbillies in the impoverished mountain village of Dogpatch, USA. Written and drawn by Al Capp (1909–1979), the strip ran for 43 years, from August 13, 1934 through November 13, 1977. It was distributed by United Feature Syndicate. Comic strips typically dealt with northern urban experiences before Capp introduced Li'l Abner, the first strip based in the South. Although Capp was from Connecticut, he spent 43 years writing about a fictional southern town. The comic strip had 60 million readers in over 900 American newspapers and 100 foreign papers in 28 countries. Author M. Thomas Inge says Capp \"had a profound influence on the way the world viewed the American South.\" ", "In 1933, Popeye received a foundling baby in the mail, whom he adopted and named \" Swee'Pea .\" Other regular characters in the strip were J. Wellington Wimpy , a hamburger -loving moocher who would \"gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today\" (he was also soft-spoken and cowardly; Vickers Wellington bombers were nicknamed \"Wimpys\" after the character); George W. Geezil , a local cobbler who spoke in a heavily affected accent and habitually attempted to murder or wish death upon Wimpy; and Eugene the Jeep , a yellow, vaguely dog-like animal from Africa with magical powers. In addition, the strip featured the Sea Hag , a terrible pirate , as well as the last witch on Earth (her even more terrible sister excepted); Alice the Goon , a monstrous creature who entered the strip as the Sea Hag's henchwoman and continued as Swee'Pea's babysitter; and Toar , a caveman.", "Beetle Bailey (begun on September 4, 1950) is an American comic strip created by cartoonist Mort Walker. Set in a fictional United States Army military post, it is among the oldest comic strips still being produced by the original creator. Over the years, Mort Walker has been assisted by (among others) Jerry Dumas, Bob Gustafson, Frank Johnson and Walker's sons Neal, Brian and Greg Walker. The latter is currently credited on the strip.", "The 1946 Disney film Song of the South is a frame story based on three Br'er Rabbit stories, \" The Laughing Place \", \" The Tar Baby \", and \" The Briar Patch \". In contrast to character's depiction in the earlier illustrations of Frederick S. Church , A. B. Frost , and E. W. Kemble , the Br'er Rabbit of the Disney film is designed in a more slapstick, cartoony style. [5] Disney comics starring that version of Br'er Rabbit have been done since 1945. [6]", "• Fred \"Tex\" Avery dies (1908 - 1980) USA. Fred Bean Avery was related to Judge Roy Bean (who was known as the \"law west of the Pecos, give you a fair trail and hang you\". Roy Bean's real name was Roy Boone and he was descended from Daniel Boone). There is a story that Disney did not want his animators to see Tex Avery films as they were too extreme in their humor and animation.", "Gene says \"Pronto Tonto\" to Shaz. \"Tonto\" is the Native American companion of \"The Lone Ranger\", an American Western character created by George W. Trendie and Fran Striker.", "In the late 1920s, the strip had taken on a more adult and adventurous feel with Annie encountering killers, gangsters, spies, and saboteurs. It was about this time that Gray, whose politics seem to have been broadly conservative and libertarian with a decided populist streak, introduced some of his more controversial storylines. He would look into the darker aspects of human nature, such as greed and treachery. The gap between rich and poor was an important theme. His hostility toward labor unions was dramatized in the 1935 story \"Eonite\". Other targets were the New Deal, communism, and corrupt businessmen. ", "On this day in 1902 an important comics supporting character, vaguely remembered even today, at least as a familiar phrase, was introduced. Happy Hooligan's brother, Gloomy Gus, was first seen 108 years ago today.", "Wyatt Earp was parodied in editorial cartoon caricatures like the one below by newspapers across the United States.", "Long before the TV show ever began in 1945, there was a 1935 movie written by Clarence E. Mulford that was called \"Hop-Along Cassidy\". William Boyd won the title role but the original crusty, rough-living, hard-drinking cowpoke character was recreated as a non-smoking, non-drinking, non-swearing hero. This fellow was really the inspiration for the character that we all loved on TV.", "The 1946 Disney film Song of the South is a frame story based on three Br'er Rabbit stories, \"The Laughing Place\", \" The Tar Baby \", and \"Briar Patch\". The character of Br'er Rabbit was voiced by Johnny Lee in the film, and was portrayed as more of a \"lovable trickster\" than previous tales. Disney comics starring that version of Br'er Rabbit have been done since 1945.", "Cat Ballou - Character played by Jane Fonda in the 1965 western film of that name. Cat Ballou was a cowgirl, so any cowgirl costume will be suitable.", "* In the VeggieTales episode The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's, the Tin Man and his Kansas counterpart from the 1939 film were played by Larry the Cucumber.", "Who is pictured on the first cartoon character stamp issued by the United States Post Office?" ]

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[ "In 1924, a comic strip artist named Harold Gray created a new comic strip for Captain Patterson's New York Daily News. It was called Little Orphan Otto, and was one of the better ideas he had come up with. Patterson thought it looked like a good concept: the little orphan, not tied to any one location but free to roam from place to place and through various adventures without the hampering presence of a family. But, he counseled Gray: \"He looks like a pansy. Put skirts on the kid.\" (Marschall 166) Gray complied, and changed the name from \"Otto\" to \"Annie.\" Thus Little Orphan Annie was brought into the world on August 5, 1924 and continued successfully until Gray's death in 1968. For 44 years, readers followed Annie through a myriad of adventures that could be as simple as staying at a farm to outwitting Nazi infiltrators. Annie stayed perpetually twelve years old, endowed with the wisdom of the ages and the innocence of eternal childhood.", "1924 - The comic strip Little Orphan Annie debuted in the New York Daily News. Annie and her little dog, Sandy, were creations of cartoonist Harold Gray. His work would come to life in the Broadway and film adaptations of Annie a half-century later -- to great success.", "Little Orphan Annie was a daily American comic strip created by Harold Gray (1894–1968) and syndicated by the Tribune Media Services. The strip took its name from the 1885 poem \"Little Orphant Annie\" by James Whitcomb Riley, and made its debut on August 5, 1924 in the New York Daily News. It ranked number one in popularity in a Fortune poll in 1937.", "created the strip with a little boy in the lead, ““Orphan Otto”” but his editor had him change the gender and retitled it, using one from a popular poem by James Whitcomb Riley, Little Orphan Annie. Gray wrote and drew", "Harold Lincoln Gray (January 20, 1894 – May 9, 1968) was an American cartoonist, best known as the creator of the newspaper comic strip Little Orphan Annie. He is considered to be the first American cartoonist to use a comic strip to express a political philosophy.", "Patterson helped create and nourish many strips. In 1924, when an artist named Harold Gray came into Patterson's office with a proposal for a strip called \"Little Orphan Otto,\" Patterson looked over the drawings and said, \"He looks like a pansy. Put a skirt on the kid and call him Annie.\"", "Paul Warburg became an even more legendary figure by his memorialization as \"Daddy Warbucks\" in the comic strip, \"Little Orphan Annie\". The strip celebrated a homeless waif and her dog who are adopted by \"the richest man in the world\", Daddy Warbucks, a takeoff on \"Warburg\", who has almost magical powers and can accomplish anything by the power of his limitless wealth. Those in the know snickered when \"Annie\", the musical comedy version of this story, had a highly successful run of several years on Broadway, because the vast majority of the audience had no idea that this was merely another Warburg operation.", "Gray sometimes ghosted Little Joe (1933–72), the strip by his assistant (and cousin) Ed Leffingwell which was continued by Ed's brother Robert. Maw Green, a spin-off of Annie was published as a topper to Little Orphan Annie. It mixed vaudeville timing with the same deeply conservative attitudes as Annie.", "1924 - In the New York \"Daily News\" debuted the comic strip \"Little Orphan Annie,\" by Harold Gray.", "One of comics oldest franchises, “Little Orphan Annie,” Harold Grey’s optomistic little poor rich girl, ends her 86 year run in newspapers.  A historic run, the cancellation of “Annie” is a symbol of the death of syndicated comic strips, and a bleak indication of things to come.", "1931 - Little Orphan Annie, the comic strip character developed by Harold Gray, came to life on the NBC Blue network. About 5 decades later, the comic strip inspired a Broadway play and a movie, both titled, Annie.", "Following Gray's death in 1968, several artists drew the strip and, for a time, \"classic\" strips were reruns. Little Orphan Annie inspired a radio show in 1930, film adaptations by RKO in 1932 and Paramount in 1938 and a Broadway musical Annie in 1977 (which was adapted into a film of the same name three times, one in 1982, one in 1999 and another in 2014). The strip's popularity declined over the years; it was running in only 20 newspapers when it was cancelled on June 13, 2010. The characters now appear occasionally as supporting ones in Dick Tracy. ", "While the Switcheroonie was a one-time publicity stunt, for one artist to take over a feature from its originator is an old tradition in newspaper cartooning (as it is in the comic book industry). In fact, the practice has made possible the longevity of the genre's more popular strips. Examples include Little Orphan Annie (drawn and plotted by Harold Gray from 1924 to 1944 and thereafter by a succession of artists including Leonard Starr and Andrew Pepoy), and Terry and The Pirates, started by Milton Caniff in 1934 and picked up by George Wunder.", "Oval, blank eyes look back from the page at the reader, not giving any sense of the spunk that took Annie safely from one adventure to another. Harold Gray debuted Little Orphan Annie in 1924, a little girl that captured comics readers' hearts. After 85 years, Annie retired from print on June 13, 2010, but that girl is not finished with the limelight just yet...", "Gray reported in 1952 that Annie's origin lay in a chance meeting he had with a ragamuffin while wandering the streets of Chicago looking for cartooning ideas. \"I talked to this little kid and liked her right away,\" Gray said, \"She had common sense, knew how to take care of herself. She had to. Her name was Annie. At the time some 40 strips were using boys as the main characters; only three were using girls. I chose Annie for mine, and made her an orphan, so she'd have no family, no tangling alliances, but freedom to go where she pleased.\"", "Little Orphan Annie was also parodied in an episode of the stop-motion television series Robot Chicken in which Little Orphan Annie fails to grasp the true meaning of a hard knock life when a fellow orphan shows that their lives are relatively decent compared to orphans around the world. Annie reappears in another episode as a vulgar, demanding, and spoiled teenager featured in a parodic documentary chronicling her preparations for her ostentatious upcoming sixteenth birthday celebration in a sketch lampooning reality programs based on the same concept. She quickly tires of her gift from Daddy Warbucks— the planet Mars— and soon winds up suffocating to death after losing her helmet while exploring the planet.", "In a short time, Annie was a popular feature, and that spirit of independence that pervaded Gray’s work eventually enlisted a devoted readership. At the end of the second month of the strip’s run, Gray introduced the character that would shape the philosophy of independence into a political stance: Annie is adopted by Oliver “Daddy” Warbucks, a millionaire industrialist who made his fortune manufacturing munitions during World War I. Warbucks became Gray’s example of the self-made man, the self-reliant individualist who made himself what he is through purposeful enterprise. The epitome of this culture hero, Warbucks is the larger-than-life version of what all the “little people” in the strip inevitably become if they follow Annie’s example of diligent labor and canny capitalism.", "The title is the expression of shock or surprise by the comic strip character Little Orphan Annie. Leapin' Lizards! See more »", "In the Little Orphan Annie comic strip, what was the name of Daddy Warbucks's Giant bodyguard who wore a turban?", "When Annie(not 2014) was born, her mother and her father died in a fire accident. She was then sent to the orphanage in New York City. Since then, she hoped her parents would come to get her someday. Annie has been miserable ever since her life in the orphanage, and the main reason is due to the orphanage's owner, Miss Hannigan, since Hannigan often forces Annie and the rest of the orphans to work. She also forces them to say, \"I/We love you, Miss Hannigan.\" to her.", "In 1926 Little Orphan Annie and Smitty comics came out in a 7 by 9 format, published by Cupples and Leon. They were printed in both softcover and Hardcover with dust jackets. They were very popular with a 60 cents price.", "ANNIE is based on Harold Gray's popular comic strip Little Orphan Annie. The comic strip premiered in the 1920s in the New York Daily News, and became one of the most widely read strips in the 30s and 40s. Lyricist-director Martin Charnin bought a coffee table book called “The Life and Hard Times of Little Orphan Annie” as a Christmas gift for a friend in 1970. The clerk at the bookstore was too busy to wrap the book, so Charnin took the book home to wrap it. Instead, he read it and fell in love with the strip, and set out to secure the rights, Christmas week of 1970. The friend never got the book.", "Little Orphan Annie was adapted to a 15-minute radio show that debuted on WGN Chicago in 1930 and went national on NBC's Blue Network beginning April 6, 1931. The show was one of the first comic strips adapted to radio, attracted about 6 million fans, and left the air in 1942. Radio historian Jim Harmon attributes the show's popularity in The Great Radio Heroes to the fact that it was the only radio show to deal with and appeal to young children.", "From the biography of Harold Gray at the beginning of Arf! The Life and Hard Times of Little Orphan Annie, 1935-1945 :", "* In 2008, IDW Publishing started a reprint series The Complete Little Orphan Annie, under its Library of American Comics imprint. ", "By the 1930s, Little Orphan Annie had evolved from a crudely drawn melodrama to a crisply rendered atmospheric story with novelistic plot threads. The dialogue consisted mainly of meditations on Gray's own deeply conservative political philosophy. Gray made no secret of his dislike for the New Deal ways of President Franklin Roosevelt and would often decry unions and other things he saw as impediments to the hard-working American way of life. Critic Jeet Heer, who did his thesis on Gray and wrote introductions to IDW's Little Orphan Annie collections, commented:", "The first strip appeared on August 5, 1924, and concluded with Annie’s bedtime prayer: “Please make me a real good little girl so nice people will adopt me. Then I can have a papa and mama to love. And if it’s not too much trouble, I’d like a dolly. Amen.”", "....Gray had two rules for his character: Annie could never reach a �happy ending� and she could never grow up. The Annie franchise later grew to include a 1930s syndicated radio show, a 1977 Broadway musical, a 1982 movie, and a 1995 commemorative stamp.", "Annie became a radio star in 1930, and remained on the air for 13 years. In 1932, she was the subject of her first movie, from RKO; and the second, from Paramount Pictures, followed six years later. Along with Dick Tracy, Terry & the Pirates and other Tribune Syndicate stars, she appeared in Dell's Super Comics from 1938-49; and scattered issues of her own Dell comic appeared from 1937-48. She was honored by appearing on a U.S. postage stamp in 1995, as were Blondie, Bringing Up Father, Rube Goldberg's inventions, and several other \"Comic Strip Classics\" .", "In the late 1920s, the strip had taken on a more adult and adventurous feel with Annie encountering killers, gangsters, spies, and saboteurs. It was about this time that Gray, whose politics seem to have been broadly conservative and libertarian with a decided populist streak, introduced some of his more controversial storylines. He would look into the darker aspects of human nature, such as greed and treachery. The gap between rich and poor was an important theme. His hostility toward labor unions was dramatized in the 1935 story \"Eonite\". Other targets were the New Deal, communism, and corrupt businessmen. ", "Comic strips—stories told primarily in strip cartoon form, rather than as a written narrative with illustrations—emerged only slowly. Ally Sloper's Half Holiday (1884) is regarded to be the first comic strip magazine to feature a recurring character (Ally Sloper). This strip cost one penny and was designed for adults. Ally, the recurring character, was a working class fellow who got up to various forms of mischief and often suffered for it.", "Comic strips – stories told primarily in strip cartoon form, rather than as a written narrative with illustrations – emerged only slowly. Ally Sloper’s Half Holiday (1884) is reputed to be the first comic strip magazine to feature a recurring character, and the first British comic that would be recognised as such today. This strip cost one penny and was designed for adults. Ally, the recurring character, was a working class fellow who got up to various forms of mischief and often suffered for it." ]

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[ "Short and humorous, this book holds many delights. Elizabeth Barrett and her romance with Browning is observed by a pampered Cocker Spaniel called Flush. Woolf conjures up a perfect picture of mid 19th Century London; the class-ridden world explored through the nose, eyes and ears of Flush the dog.", "I love dogs and 19th century British literature so I couldn't resist this biography of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Cocker Spaniel, Flush, when I came across it in my public library's Overdrive collection. Elizabeth Barrett was an invalid when Flush came to live with her. By the end of Flush's life, she had married Robert Browning and moved to Italy. Flush's biography gives readers a dog's eye view of the Brownings' courtship and marriage. Woolf's writing reveals an understanding of and sympathy with dogs. She also slips in some interesting tidbits about Browning's circle, such as Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton believing himself to be invisible. It's an undemanding and entertaining read that will appeal to many dog lovers. (", "At Wimpole Street Barrett Browning spent most of her time in her upstairs room. Her health began to improve, though she saw few people other than her immediate family. [4] One of those was Kenyon, a wealthy friend of the family and patron of the arts. She received comfort from a spaniel named Flush, a gift from Mary Mitford. [12] ( Virginia Woolf later fictionalised the life of the dog, making him the protagonist of her 1933 novel ).", "This is the story of the romance of Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning as seen through the eyes of Elizabeth’s dog, Flush. My public library categorizes this as “Biography” as does the designation on the back of my copy. Virginia Woolf’s notes at the end of the book tells where she found the information she includes which qualifies it as biography. Most importantly, my 999 Biography category needs more help than my 999 Poets & Poetry category! That said, this is a delightful read for a leisurely afternoon. Woolf really understands dogs and Flush is very believable and a well rounded “character.” Highly recommended for those who love dogs and/or Virginia Woolf. (", "Mitford was a close friend and frequent correspondent of Elizabeth Barrett’s, particularly before Barrett’s marriage to Robert Browning. Their letters to each other are full of literary commentary as well as discussions of their daily lives. As a token of their friendship, Miss Mitford gave Elizabeth Barrett an important gift—Flush, EBB’s beloved spaniel. The Armstrong Browning Library has 24 volumes written by Miss Mitford and nine letters.", "At Wimpole Street Barrett Browning spent most of her time in her upstairs room. Her health began to improve, though she saw few people other than her immediate family. One of those was Kenyon, a wealthy friend of the family and patron of the arts. She received comfort from a spaniel named Flush, a gift from Mary Mitford. (Virginia Woolf later fictionalised the life of the dog, making him the protagonist of her 1933 novel Flush: A Biography).", "At Wimpole Street Barrett Browning spent most of her time in her upstairs room, and her health began to recover, though she saw few people other than her immediate family. One of those she did see was Kenyon, a wealthy friend of the family and patron of the arts. She received comfort from her spaniel named “Flush”, which had been a gift from Mary Mitford. (Virginia Woolf later fictionalised the life of the dog, making him the protagonist of her 1933 novel Flush: A Biography).", "The life of Flush, a cocker spaniel belonging to Elizabeth Barrett Browning, from his point of view. A rather sweet story that gives insight into the owner as well. (", "Nineteenth-century female poets frequently wrote about their pets. A pervasive tendency among contemporary critics has been to dismiss these poems as engaged in the conventions of mawkish, sentimental anthropomorphism that modernist writers, lauded for inaugurating a process of seriously rethinking human and nonhuman animal relations in terms of reciprocity and responsibility, are seen to debunk. This view has forestalled any real analysis of how Victorian women writers themselves, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning in particular, actively inquired into the epistemology and phenomenology of love across the species divide. This paper argues that Barrett Browning’s poems about—and frequent references in her letters to—her cocker spaniel Flush, which have frequently been looked on with embarrassment by literary critics and biographers alike, are actually contiguous with the theoretical concerns about love, kinship, and intimacy that occupy much of her literary and epistolary output.", "Woolf took a holiday from The Pargiters to write a mock biography of Flush, the dog of poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning . Lytton Strachey having recently died, Woolf muted her spoof of his biographical method; nevertheless, Flush (1933) remains both a biographical satire and a lighthearted exploration of perception, in this case a dog’s. In 1935 Woolf completed Freshwater, an absurdist drama based on the life of her great-aunt Julia Margaret Cameron . Featuring such other eminences as the poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and the painter George Frederick Watts , this riotous play satirizes high-minded Victorian notions of art.", "Woolf is certainly no stranger to lampooning the biography, taking it to its extremes, highlighting the fallacy of its borders and yet still delivering a valid and captivating ‘life’. Like ‘Orlando’ before it, ‘Flush: A Biography’ is a playful memoir; charting the life of Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s most beloved Cocker Spaniel. Elizabeth Browning gave the eponymous Flush nothing short of a prominent role in much of her correspondence, usefully providing fodder on which a biographer can gorge at will. Upon reading the published letters of the Brownings it seems Woolf simply couldn’t resist.", "I already love reading about Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning, and to read about their lives, as well as to read vivid descriptions of 19th century England and Italy, through the eyes of Elizabeth's dog Flush was absolutely wonderful. (", "Flush: A Biography (1933) is a part-fiction, part-biography of the cocker spaniel owned by Victorian poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The book is written from the dog's point of view. Woolf was inspired to write this book from the success of the Rudolf Besier play The Barretts of Wimpole Street. In the play, Flush is on stage for much of the action. The play was produced for the first time in 1932 by the actress Katharine Cornell.", "A blend of fiction and non-fiction, this is a neo-biography of Elizabeth Barrett Browning told from the point of view of her cocker spaniel. Sensitive, real and very very cute. (", "Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806 – 1861) was one of the most important Victorian English poets. She was weak and sickly from an early age, a condition which improved when she moved to Italy in the 1840s. Out of admiration for her poetry, the British poet Robert Browning started a correspondance with her, secretly courting, and eventually marrying her. She took an interest in the social cause, and was a follower of the progressive ideas of Mary Wollstonecraft.", "(1933, more explicitly cross-genre: fiction as \"stream of consciousness\" tale by Flush, a dog; non-fiction in the sense of telling the story of the owner of the dog, Elizabeth Barrett Browning ), reprinted in 2005 by Persephone Books", "In the mid-1850's, the poet Elizabeth Barrett was gifted a spaniel by her friend Mary Mitford. She later immortalized her companion in her poem, \"To Flush, My Dog\" -", "Elizabeth Barrett Browning (née Moulton-Barrett, ; 6 March 1806 – 29 June 1861) was one of the most prominent English poets of the Victorian era , popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime. [1]", "My favorite biography. This short novel/biography is about Elizabeth Barret Browning's dog, and it cites its sources. Fanciful, humorous, but still meaningful, and it has my favorite ending paragraph of any book I've read so far. (", "The Cry of the Children, published 1842. Two volumes of poetry appeared in 1844 which included A Drama of Exile, A Vision of Poets, and Lady Geraldine’s Courtship. Two further poems, The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim’s Point and A Curse for a Nation highlighted the barbarity often meted out to slaves and promoted abolition. Aurora Leigh her famous verse novel was published in 1856 which was a long poem about a female writer making her way while balancing love and work. It was based on Elizabeth���s own experiences when she was married. It reflected her great learning and formidable genius. Her imagery has been compared to Shakespeare and her use of Italian form to Petrarch. Elizabeth Barrett Browning was a rival to Tennyson to be Poet Laureate when Wordsworth died. Robert Browning, a young poet, was inspired by her work. He wrote to her, visited and secretly married her. He praised her poems for “their fresh strange music, the affluent language, the exquisite pathos and brave new thought”. They lived in Italy and had a son, Robert. Rome was their home for a time and then Siena followed by Florence. Elizabeth Barrett Browning died in Florence in June 1861. She is buried in the Protestant English Cemetery in Florence. A Vision of Poets (extract) The poet who with spirit-kiss Familier, had long claimed for his whatever earthly beauty is, who also in his spirit bore A beauty passing the earth’s store,Walked calmly onward evermore. Marian Maitland", "In 1845, Browning met the poet Elizabeth Barrett, six years his elder, who lived as a semi-invalid in her father's house in Wimpole Street, London. They began regularly corresponding and gradually a romance developed between them, leading to their marriage and journey to Italy (for Elizabeth's health) on 12 September 1846. The marriage was initially secret because Elizabeth's domineering father disapproved of marriage for any of his children. Mr. Barrett disinherited Elizabeth, as he did for each of his children who married: “The Mrs. Browning of popular imagination was a sweet, innocent young woman who suffered endless cruelties at the hands of a tyrannical papa but who nonetheless had the good fortune to fall in love with a dashing and handsome poet named Robert Browning.”", "In 1845, Browning met the poet Elizabeth Barrett, six years his elder, who lived as a semi-invalid in her father's house in Wimpole Street, London. They began regularly corresponding and gradually a romance developed between them, leading to their marriage and journey to Italy (for Elizabeth's health) on 12 September 1846.Browning, Robert. Ed. Karlin, Daniel (2004) Selected Poems Penguin p10 The marriage was initially secret because Elizabeth's domineering father disapproved of marriage for any of his children. Mr. Barrett disinherited Elizabeth, as he did for each of his children who married: \"The Mrs. Browning of popular imagination was a sweet, innocent young woman who suffered endless cruelties at the hands of a tyrannical papa but who nonetheless had the good fortune to fall in love with a dashing and handsome poet named Robert Browning.\" At her husband's insistence, the second edition of Elizabeth’s Poems included her love sonnets. The book increased her popularity and high critical regard, cementing her position as an eminent Victorian poet. Upon William Wordsworth's death in 1850, she was a serious contender to become Poet Laureate, the position eventually going to Tennyson.", "Robert Browning was a prolific Victorian-era poet and playwright. He is widely recognized as a master of dramatic monologue and psychological portraiture. Browning is perhaps best-known for a poem he didn’t value highly, The Pied Piper of Hamelin, a children's poem that is quite different from his other work. He is also known for his long form blank poem The Ring and the Book, the story of a Roman murder trial in 12 books. Browning was married to the poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning .", "2. Elizabeth Gaskell wrote an 1859 story called ‘The Half-Brothers’ which features a collie dog named Lassie. Whether this was the inspiration for the series of popular films featuring – you’ve guessed it – a", "Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning: A Creative Partnership. Mary Sanders Pollock. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004. 244 pp. £45.00.", "Between 1841–4 Barrett Browning was prolific in poetry, translation and prose. The poem \"The Cry of the Children\", published in 1842 in Blackwoods , condemned child labour and helped bring about child labour reforms by rousing support for Lord Shaftesbury's Ten Hours Bill (1844). [2] At about the same time, she contributed some critical prose pieces to Richard Henry Horne's A New Spirit of the Age. In 1844 she published two volumes of Poems, which included \"A Drama of Exile\", \"A Vision of Poets\", and \"Lady Geraldine's Courtship\" and two substantial critical essays for 1842 issues of The Athenaeum. “Since she was not burdened with any domestic duties expected of her sisters, Elizabeth could now devote herself entirely to the life of the mind, cultivating an enormous correspondence, reading widely”. [9] Her prolific output made her a rival to Tennyson's as a candidate for poet laureate in 1850 on the death of Wordsworth. [2]", "Although Wodehouse frequently mocks the excessive veneration of poetry - never more than in this story - he clearly had a good deal of respect for Tennyson as a writer. He is certainly the most widely quoted author in Wodehouse after the Bible and Shakespeare. Wodehouse rarely seems to quote Shelley(*) - too highbrow, probably - while Browning was clearly never forgiven for writing Pippa Passes, or for getting Aix and Ghent the wrong way round...", "Robert Browning ~ 1812-1889 ~ English poet. His maternal grandmother was born in Scotland of German and, perhaps, some Scottish ancestry.14", "Anyone as widely adulated as Browning was during the later years of his life is bound to suffer a decline in critical valuation. Along with other Victorians, Browning was dismissed by influential figures among the modernists, including T.S. Eliot (although Ezra Pound paid tribute to Browning as one of his literary fathers). Following World War II, however, Browning’s reputation has been salvaged by a more objective generation of critics who note his poetic failings but also trace his influence on the poetic forms and concerns of his twentieth-century successors. Through all the vicissitudes of critical reputation, however, Browning’s major contribution to the canon of children’s literature, “The Pied Piper of Hamelin,” has retained its popular audience.", "In 1815 a hunting-mad Oxford undergraduate called John Russell had a Damascene moment that redefined the dog world. Russell was strolling in Magdalen’s meadows, ‘Horace [poet] in hand, but Beckford [sporting diarist] in his head’, when he met a milkman who had, trotting beside him, ‘the animal of his dreams’. It was an enchanting little rough-coated, tan-and-white terrier bitch called Trump.", "But the Victorian era saw public opinion about animals shift, albeit slowly. On a wave of sentimentalism, an appetite grew for touching tales about wagging tails: pamphlets, poems and books about devoted dogs such as Gelert or Greyfriars Bobby became popular, and there was a trend for animal autobiography – novels written in first-person voices by anthropomorphised canines and other creatures. Black Beauty in 1877, and Beautiful Joe in 1893, were two of the most successful.", "The Dog in the Dickensian Imagination by Beryl Gray – review | Books | The Guardian" ]

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[ "The town of Pippa Passes, Kentucky, is formally named for the poem thanks to a grant from the Browning Society. ", "Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax.", "Robert Browning (7 May 1812 – 12 December 1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of dramatic verse, and in particular the dramatic monologue, made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humor, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax. The speakers in his poems are often musicians or painters whose work functions as a metaphor for poetry.", "Robert Browning (1812–1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of dramatic verse, and in particular the dramatic monologue, made him one of the foremost Victorian poets.", "Browning, Robert, poet, one of the two greatest in the Victorian era, born in Camberwell; early given to write verses; prepared himself for his literary career by reading through Johnson's Dictionary; his first poem “ Pauline ” (q. v.) published in 1833, which was followed by “Paracelsus” in 1835, “Sordello” in 1840; after a time, in which he was not idle, appeared, with some of his “Dramatic Romances and Lyrics,” in 1855 his “Men and Women,” and in 1868 “ The Ring and the Book ” (q. v.), his longest poem, and more analytic than poetic; this was succeeded by a succession of others, finishing up with “Asolando,” which appeared the day he died at Venice; was a poet of great subtlety, deep insight, creative power, and strong faith, of a genius and learning which there are few able to compass the length and breadth of; lies buried in Westminster Abbey; of Browning it has been said by Professor Saintsbury, “Timor mortis non conturbabat, 'the fear of death did not trouble him.' In the browner shades of age as well as in the spring of youth he sang, not like most poets, Love and Death, but Love and Life.... 'James Lee,' 'Rabbi Ben Ezra,' and 'Prospice' are among the greatest poems of the century.” His creed was an optimism of the brightest, and his restful faith “it is all right with the world” (1812-1889).", "Robert Browning (1812-1889), English poet, especially noted for perfecting the dramatic monologue (literary composition in which the speaker reveals his or her character). Browning was born in Camberwell (now part of", "The plot of this play focuses on Andrew Crocker-Harris, a classics master at an English public school, who is retiring prematurely because of ill-health, and who is confronted by his wife’s infidelity and his failure in his chosen profession. Like much of Rattigan’s work, The Browning Version is drawn from his own experience; in this case as a pupil at Harrow School. The prototype for Crocker-Harris was one of Rattigan’s teachers, Mr. Coke Norris, and the central incident of the pupil, Taplow, presenting Crocker-Harris with a copy of Browning’s translation of the Agamemnon of Aeschylus is based on fact (although there is some doubt as to whether Rattigan himself was the boy involved). Certainly Taplow’s interest in cricket and golf reflect Rattigan’s enthusiasm for those games.", "92 What is the title of the poem by Robert Browning that begins 'Oh to be in", "At this time, 1830, the population was 63, in 1850 it was 252, in 1940 it was 800, and at present 1350, an increase of about 69% in the past 10 years. There is only one town in Northern Kentucky that has surpassed Florence. There is but one answer to its rapid growth in the past 10 years, and that is, \" In all the affairs of life, social, religious, and political we find even in our Church institutions an affability which seems to say to everybody \"Take a Light.\"  May their number be greatly multiplied.", "Kentucky has played a major role in Southern and American literature, producing works that often celebrate the working class, rural life, nature, and explore issues of class, extractive economy, and family. Major works from the state include Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) by Harriet Beecher Stowe, widely seen as one of the impetuses for the American Civil War; The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come (1908) by John Fox, Jr., which was the first novel to sell a million copies in the United States; All the King's Men by Robert Penn Warren (1946) rated as the 36th greatest novel by Modern Library; The Dollmaker (1954) by Harriette Arnow later adapted into a popular film starring Jane Fonda; Night Comes to the Cumberlands (1962) by Harry Caudill, which led to The War on Poverty, and others. Thomas Merton lived most of his life and wrote most of his books during his time as a monk at the Abbey of Our Lady of Gethsemani near Bardstown, Kentucky. Hunter S. Thompson is also a native of the state. In recent years writers from Kentucky have consistently published widely read and critically acclaimed books. These authors include Wendell Berry, Silas House, Barbara Kingsolver, Maurice Manning, and Bobbie Ann Mason, among others.", "Louisville was founded in 1778 by George Rogers Clark and is named after King Louis XVI of France, making Louisville one of the oldest cities west of the Appalachian Mountains. Sited beside the Falls of the Ohio, the only major obstruction to river traffic between the upper Ohio River and the Gulf of Mexico, the settlement first grew as a portage site. It was the founding city of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, which grew into a 6000 mi system across 13 states. Today, the city is known as the home of the Kentucky Derby, Kentucky Fried Chicken, the University of Louisville and its Louisville Cardinals athletic teams, Louisville Slugger baseball bats, and three of Kentucky's six Fortune 500 companies. Its main airport is also the site of United Parcel Service's worldwide air hub.", "'s poetry, notably \"Empedocles on Etna\" (1852), \"The Scholar-Gipsy\" (1853), \"Sohrab and Rustum\" (1853), \"Thyrsis\" (1866), \"Rugby Chapel\" (1867), \"", "Piddlehinton and Piddle Trenthide are the Longpuddle of A Few Crusted Characters.Puddletown Heath, Moreton Heath, Tincleton Heath and Bere Heath are Egdon Heath.Poole is Havenpool in Life's Little Ironies.Portland is the scene of The Pursuit of the Well-Beloved.Puddletown is Weatherbury in Far from the Madding Crowd,River Frome valley is the scene of Talbothays dairy in Tess.Salisbury is Melchester in On the Western Circuit, Life's Little Ironies and Jude the Obscure etc.Shaftesbury is Shaston in Tess of the d'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure.Sherborne is Sherton-Abbas,Sherborne Castle is home of Lady Baxby in A Group of Noble Dames.Stonehenge is the scene of Tess's apprehension.Sutton Poyntz is Overcombe.Swanage is the Knollsea of Hand of Ethelberta.Taunton is known as Toneborough in both Hardy's novels and poems.Wantage is Alfredston, of Jude the Obscure. Fawley, Berkshire is Marygreen of Jude the Obscure.Weyhill is Weydon Priors,Weymouth is Budmouth Regis, the scene of Trumpet Major & portions of other novels;Winchester is Wintoncester where Tess was executed. Wimborne is Warborne of Two on a Tower.Wolfeton House, near Dorchester is the scene of The Lady Penelope in a Group of Noble Dames.Woolbridge old Manor House, close to Wool station, is the scene of Tess's confession and honeymoon.", "Located on the lush, grassy plateaus of Kentucky's central Bluegrass Country at the edge of the Cumberland Gap, Lexington is the county seat of Fayette County. The fertile 283-square-mile region is dotted with numerous small creeks that run to the nearby Kentucky River.", "Pollock, Mary Sanders. Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning: A Creative Partnership. England: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2003.", "Over the years, Hardy had divided his time between his home, Max Gate in Dorchester, and his lodgings in London. In his later years, he remained in Dorchester to focus completely on his poetry. In 1898, his dream of becoming a poet was realized with the publication of Wessex Poems. He then turned his attentions to an epic drama in verse, The Dynasts; it was finally completed in 1908. Before his death, he had written over 800 poems, many of which were published while he was in his eighties.", ", city (1990 pop. 269,063), seat of Jefferson co., NW Ky., at the Falls of the Ohio; inc. 1780. It is the largest city in Kentucky, a port of entry, and an important industrial, financial, marketing, and shipping center for the South and the Midwest.", "While working on his play Murder in the Cathedral, Eliot came up with the idea for a poem that was structured similarly to The Waste Land. The resulting poem, Burnt Norton, named after a manor house, was published in Eliot's 1936 edition of Collected Poems 1909–1935. Eliot decided to create another poem similar to Burnt Norton but with a different location in mind. This second poem, East Coker, was finished and published by Easter 1940. (Eliot visited East Coker in 1937 and his ashes now repose there at St. Michael's Church.)", "Appalachian literature , Lexington, Kentucky, January 13, 2011. Photograph by Flickr user Sarah Altendorf . Creative Commons license CC BY-NC 2.0 .", "from Robert Frost and the New England Renaissance. Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1988. Copyright � 1988 by the UP of Kentucky.", "The Mayor of Casterbridgeis Hardy’s major work set in  Dorchester. Exploring the town in the footsteps of Henchard and Elizabeth-Jane, it rapidly becomes apparent that this is a landscape more real than imagined for Hardy has placed his personal stamp on so many of the places visited. The first impression of Casterbridge from Stinsford Hill is the view of Dorchester obtained by the young Hardy on his daily walk to school; at The White Hart he used to stop for a drink; he paid for the sign at The Bow; from these Froomside meadows he watched an execution; here is his statue; here he was living whilst he wrote The Mayor of Casterbridge; he was a founder member of this County Museum, which now contains so many of his artefacts; in this cemetery the population of his Victorian Dorchester are buried. As you walk around Dorchester, these memories run in parallel with the experiences of his fictional and poetic characters – here Henchard nearly drowned, here Maumbury preached, here Bathsheba was Queen, here Lucetta gazed out upon the carrefour – and in many such places fiction and the recoverable past meld in his poems about real people in real places: ‘The Chapel Organist’ at Dorford, ‘The Casterbridge Captains’ at All Saints, ‘The Mock Wife’ at Maumbury Rings; a process which intensifies further at Max Gate where Hardy lived for the last forty years of his life.", "* Jude the Obscure (1895) by Thomas Hardy (in which Oxford is thinly disguised as \"Christminster\").", "Hardy, Thomas. THE MAYOR OF CASTERBRIDGE.  New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1886.  Original mustard yellow cloth decorated in black. First American Edition issued as No. 191 in Holt's \"Leisure Hour Series\" and published simultaneously with the London two-volume edition. This was Hardy's tenth novel and last of his books to be published in America by Henry Holt. This is a NEAR FINE copy, bright and virtually unworn, with a line of soil near the fore-edge of the front cover which extends to a portion of the top edge. Purdy p. 53.            ", "The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886) is probably Hardy’s greatest work – a novel whose aspirations are matched by artistic shaping and control. It is the tragic history of Michael Henchard – a man who rises to civic prominence, but whose past comes back to haunt him. This is not surprising, because he sells his wife in the opening chapter. When she comes back unexpectedly, he is trapped between present and past. He is also locked into a psychological contest with an alter-ego figure with whom he battles both metaphorically and realistically. Henchard falls in the course of the novel from civic honour and commercial greatness into a tragic figure, a man defeated by his own strengths as much as his weaknesses. There are strong echoes of King Lear here, and some of the most dramatic and psychologically revealing scenes in all of Hardy’s work.", "The poem, amongst other things, is a tribute to Thomas Hardy, an author who Waugh also admired. The first verse lists a host of real Dorset place names, then juxtaposes a suburban line with a rural one, then ends with the lines:", "In July 1868 the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow stayed at the Crab Inn in Shanklin's Old Village during his last visit to Europe and left a poem about it on a stone by the pub. It is not generally held to be amongst his best work..", "The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886) is a tragic novel by English author Thomas Hardy subtitled, \"The Life and Death of a Man of Character\". It is set in the fictional town of Casterbridge (based on the town of Dorchester in Dorset). The book is one of Hardy's Wessex novels, all set in a fictional rustic England.", "The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), subtitled “The Life and Death of a Man of Character”, is a novel by British author Thomas Hardy. It is set in the fictional town of Casterbridge (based on the town of Dorchester in Dorset). The book is one of Hardy’s Wessex novels, all set in a fictional rural England.", "The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), subtitled \"The Life and Death of a Man of Character\", is a novel by British author Thomas Hardy. It is set in the fictional town of Casterbridge (based on the town of Dorchester in Dorset). The book is one of Hardy's Wessex novels, all set in a fictional rural England.", "Abraham was seven years old when, in December 1816, the Lincolns struck out northwestward. They crossed the Ohio River on a ferry near the village of Troy, made their way 16 miles (26 km) farther north through thick woods and tangled underbrush, and settled near Pigeon Creek, in present Spencer county, Ind. Thomas hastily threw up a half-faced camp, a rude shelter of logs and boughs, closed on three sides and warmed only by a fire at the open front. Here the family lived while Thomas built a cabin. The region was gloomy, with few settlers, and wild animals prowled in the forest.", "Ruddigore; or, The Witch's Curse, originally called Ruddygore, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert . It is one of the Savoy Operas and the tenth of fourteen comic operas written together by Gilbert and Sullivan . It was first performed by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company at the Savoy Theatre in London on 22 January 1887.", "Ruddigore; or, The Witch's Curse, originally called Ruddygore, is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. It is one of the Savoy Operas and the tenth of fourteen comic operas written together by Gilbert and Sullivan. It was first performed by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company at the Savoy Theatre in London on 22 January 1887." ]

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[ "Lyman Frank Baum was an American author, actor, and independent filmmaker best known as the creator, along with illustrator W. W. Denslow, of one of the most popular books in American children's literature, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, better known today as simply The Wizard of Oz. He wrote thirteen sequels, nine other fantasy novels, and a plethora of other works (55 novels in total, 82 short stories, over 200 poems, an unknown number of scripts, and many miscellaneous writings), and made numerous attempts to bring his works to the stage and screen.", "Lyman Frank Baum (May 15, 1856 – May 6, 1919), better known by his pen name L. Frank Baum, was an American author chiefly known for his children's books, particularly The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. He wrote thirteen novel sequels, nine other fantasy novels, and a host of other works (55 novels in total, plus four \"lost works\", 83 short stories, over 200 poems, an unknown number of scripts, and many miscellaneous writings), and made numerous attempts to bring his works to the stage and screen. His works anticipated such century-later commonplaces as television, augmented reality, laptop computers (The Master Key), wireless telephones (Tik-Tok of Oz), women in high risk, action-heavy occupations (Mary Louise in the Country), and the ubiquity of advertising on clothing (Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work).", "L. Frank Baum (15 May 1856 – 6 May 1919) was an American stage performer, actor, poet and independent filmmaker best known as the creator, along with illustrator W. W. Denslow , of one of the most popular books ever written in American children's literature, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz , better known today as simply The Wizard of Oz. He named himself Royal Historian of Oz and wrote thirteen sequels , nine other fantasy novels , and a plethora of other works, and made numerous attempts to bring his works to the stage and screen.", "Benjamin Baum succeeded in many businesses, including barrel-making, oil drilling in Pennsylvania, and real estate. L. Frank Baum grew up on his parents' expansive estate called Rose Lawn, which he fondly recalled as a sort of paradise. Rose Lawn was located in Mattydale, New York. Frank was a sickly, dreamy child, tutored at home with his siblings. From the age of 12, he spent two miserable years at Peekskill Military Academy but, after being severely disciplined for daydreaming, he had a possibly psychogenic heart attack and was allowed to return home. ", "The author of The Wizard of Oz, L. Frank Baum, traveled many paths before he found his Yellow Brick Road", "The fictional Land of Oz is a magical country first introduced in American author L. Frank Baum's classic children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). The US Library of Congress has considered it the best \"home grown fairytale\" and the original American fairyland. It is to the United States what Lewis Carroll's Wonderland and C.S. Lewis' Narnia are to the United Kingdom.", "The American poet and playwright, best known for created The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, died on May 5, 1919, after suffering a stroke. Baum whispered these final words to his wife, referring to the magical desert surrounding the Land of Oz.", "Dorothy Gale is the fictional protagonist of many of the Oz novels by the American author L. Frank Baum. Her best friend is Oz's ruler Princess Ozma. Dorothy first appears in Baum's classic children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and reappears in most of its sequels. In addition, she is the main character in various adaptations, notably the classic 1939 movie adaptation of the book, The Wizard of Oz.", "\"The Wizard of Oz,\" based on a 1900 novel by L. Frank Baum, was a smash hit in 1939 and remains one of Hollywood's most cherished classics.", "The Baum family moved to Hollywood, California in 1910 whereupon the release and success of The Emerald City of Oz (1910) overshadowed The Sea Fairies (1911) and Sky Island. (1912) Baum had to declare bankruptcy in 1911. Thereafter he referred to himself as \"Royal Historian of Oz\" and commenced writing one Oz book per year including; The Patchwork Girl of Oz (1913), Tik-Tok of Oz (1914), The Scarecrow of Oz (1915), Rinkitink in Oz (1916), The Lost Princess of Oz (1917), The Tin Woodman of Oz (1918), The Magic of Oz (1919), and Glinda of Oz, his last book published posthumously. Baum started the Oz Film Manufacturing Company which experimented with film effects and he would write many and direct two but the company folded a year later. He started acting again with an amateur group called The Uplifters.", "The venerable Culver Hotel was heralded as that city's \"skyscraper\" when it opened Sept. 4, 1924. It was originally called the Hotel Hunt and was a landmark in the city that was the home of MGM. The six-floor, wedge-shaped hotel was where the Munchkins stayed while they were filming the 1939 film classic \"The Wizard of Oz. \" Their shenanigans became part of Hollywood lore and in fact, a 1981 film comedy, \"Under the Rainbow,\" re-created the Munchkins' escapades...", "Some of the key characters arose from an even more personal source. Dorothy, the book’s heroine, got her name from Frank’s niece, who passed away at age five, an event that upset Maud greatly. Similarly, it’s said that Glinda the Good Witch was based on Frank’s mother-in-law, who before her death in 1898 had become a figure of support and encouragement to the Baums. The book’s “It’s good to be home again!” (changed in the movie to “There’s no place like home!”) was directly inspired by the Baums’ return to the east from the west, where they never felt quite at home – Frank even wrote about it in an article for a Chicago paper. Chicago itself may have been the inspiration for the Emerald City of Oz. It was the location of the so-called White City, the nickname for the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition, which was the biggest World’s Fair ever held in America. Perhaps coincidentally, Frank also saw Thomas Edison , the “Wizard of Menlo Park,” at the Exposition, and his impression of the intense inventor lingered for weeks afterward.", "Journalist L. Frank Baum, author of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, who greatly distrusted the power of the city financiers and who supported a bimetallic dollar based on both gold and silver. Dorothy seems to be form the Populist orator Leslie Kelsey. After the tornado incident, Dorothy sets out on the GOLD road to fairyland, Oz, where the wicked witches and wizards banking operate. Along the way she meets the Scarecrow, who represents the American farmer; the Tin Woodman, who represents the American factory worker; and the Cowardly Lion, who represents William Jennings Bryan. The party’s march on Oz is a re-creation of the 1984 march of Coxey’s Army, a group of unemployed men led by “General” Jacob S Coxey to demand another publish issue of 500 million greenbacks and more work for the common people. More details on page 176.", "Sixteen-year-old Judy Garland (1922–1969) wore these sequined shoes as Dorothy Gale in the 1939 film classic The Wizard of Oz. This fantasy tale about a journey to a magical land was based on the 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum (1856–1919). The story had previously been made into a cartoon, a stage musical, and several silent motion pictures before MGM created its hit film. In addition to its many other merits, the MGM movie ranks as a milestone in the history of Technicolor because of its extensive color sequences set in the Land of Oz.", "Baum, L. Frank. [1900] 1991. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz . Edited by William Leach. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth.", "In 1905, Baum declared plans for an Oz amusement park. In an interview, he mentioned buying Pedloe Island off the coast of California to turn it into an Oz park. However, there is no evidence that he purchased such an island, and no one has ever been able to find any island whose name even resembles Pedloe in that area. Nevertheless, Baum stated to the press that he had discovered a Pedloe Island off the coast of California and that he had purchased it to be \"the Marvelous Land of Oz,\" intending it to be \"a fairy paradise for children.\" Eleven year old Dorothy Talbot of San Francisco was reported to be ascendant to the throne on March 1, 1906, when the Palace of Oz was expected to be completed. Baum planned to live on the island, with administrative duties handled by the princess and her all-child advisers. Plans included statues of the Scarecrow, Tin Woodman, Jack Pumpkinhead, and H.M. Woggle-Bug, T.E. Baum abandoned his Oz park project after the failure of The Woggle-Bug, which was playing at the Garrick Theatre in 1905.", "Baum moved to Hollywood in 1910, just as the film industry was getting started there. He went on to co-found the Oz Film Manufacturing Company to make movies based on his books for which he still held the film rights. He and his partners built a studio and in 1914 turned out a handful of silent films, but the elaborate productions were ahead of their time and failed to find a wide audience. The company shut down the following year.", "L. Frank Baum's papers and manuscripts are housed at Columbia University. To Please a Child: A Biography of L. Frank Baum, Royal Historian of Oz (1961) is written by Baum's son Frank J. Baum and Russell P. MacFall. The Baum Bugle is a journal founded by the International Wizard of Oz Club in 1957. The 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer is the best-known version of the Wizard of Oz though there were many others made.", "Feb. 19 – The Hotel del Coronado on Coronado Island, Calif., celebrates its centennial. In recognition of Baum’s connections to the facility (c. 1904-1908), costumed Oz characters participate in the festivities. Special guests include surviving Munchkin cast members from MGM’s 1939 classic The Wizard of Oz.", "For generations, this 1939 MGM fantasy musical has held a cherished place in American popular culture. Based on the classic children’s book by L. Frank Baum, it tells the story of Dorothy Gale, a Kansas farm girl transported to the magical Land of Oz.", "Hollywood ( , informally Tinseltown) is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. The neighborhood is notable for its place as the home of the U.S. film industry, including several of its historic studios. Its name has come to be a metonym for the motion picture industry of the United States. Hollywood is also a highly ethnically diverse, densely populated, economically diverse neighborhood and retail business district.", "In the opening chapter of his first Oz book, L. Frank Baum famously informs the reader that Dorothy is an orphan who lives with Aunt Em and Uncle Henry (In the 1902 stage adaptation of the book, she has a still-living father). Her family name, Gale, isn't mentioned in the books until the third one, Ozma of Oz. Aunt Em and Uncle Henry are never identified as Gales in any of the Oz books (Henry is called \"Henry Gale\" in the 1939 movie based loosely on the first book).", "\"The only one who might know would be the Great and Wonderful Wizard of Oz himself. Oz is very good, but very mysterious. He lives in the Emerald City and that's a long journey from here, did you bring your Broomstick? \"", "Later, Kerouac lived with his parents in the Ozone Park neighborhood of Queens, after they had also moved to New York. He wrote his first published novel, The Town and the City, and began the famous On the Road around 1949 while living there. His friends jokingly called him \"The Wizard of Ozone Park\", alluding to Thomas Edison's nickname, \"the Wizard of Menlo Park\", and to the film The Wizard of Oz. ", "Filmed at MGM Studios in Culver City, California, The Wizard of Oz was a modest box-office success when it was first released, but its popularity continued to grow after it was televised for the first time in 1956. An estimated 45 million people watched that inaugural broadcast, and since then The Wizard of Oz has aired on TV countless times. Today, some of the film’s famous lines, including “There’s no place like home” and “Toto, I’ve a feeling we’re not in Kansas anymore” are well-known to several generations of moviegoers.", "Because of his profligate ways and Mabel's dislike for housekeeping, Larry and his family lived in hotels—first in the President Hotel in Atlantic City, New Jersey, where his daughter Phyllis was raised, then the Knickerbocker Hotel in Hollywood. He did not own a house until the late 1940s, when he purchased one in the Los Feliz area of Los Angeles, California.", "At MGM Loos happily turned out scripts; however, she frequently had to use Emerson as a conduit to communicate with directors and other executives who balked at dealing with a woman on equal footing. This worked well to promote the idea they were a writing \"team\" and a happy couple. She bought a modest house in Beverly Hills in 1934, where she could write in the garden when weather permitted. There seemed to be no world or life outside of Hollywood; during the day it was work, and at night parties given by other MGM folk, like the Thalbergs, the Selznicks and the Goldwyns. Loos was a frequent attendee at George Cukor's Sunday brunches, which was the closest Hollywood had to a literary salon.", "More commonly known as Wisteria Lane, from the TV show 'Desperate Housewives'. Technically, this movie set street is named Colonial Street, a fictional street in Hollywood where MANY movies and tv shows have been filmed, including my absolute favorite EVER, the 1989 classic, 'The Burbs' starring Tom Hanks. In the movie, this street is known as Mayfield Place, a seemingly picture perfect American neighborhood, with that one kooky neighbor next door. I want to live here!!", "Frank wrote his most popular work, the post-apocalyptic novel, Alas, Babylon, while living in Tangerine, Florida, on Lake Beauclaire near Mount Dora. Vivian Owens, an author familiar with local history, states that “Pistolville,” the name Frank gave to an area near Fort Repose in the novel, was in fact a location situated just between the southern edge of Mount Dora to its north and Tangerine to its south. According to Owens, greater Mount Dora was intended by Frank to be the model for his semi-fictional Fort Repose. Frank also authored a 160-page nonfiction book, How to Survive the H Bomb and Why (1962). His short story, “The Girl Who Almost Got Away,” was the basis for the Howard Hawks’ movie, Man’s Favorite Sport.", "While the ordinary tourist might be enticed by tours of movie star homes, writers may get more out of the houses and hangouts of legendary authors who lived and wrote in Los Angeles. Note that these homes aren’t the museum type—they’re currently occupied and considered private.", "It's a Wonderful Life was shot at RKO Radio Pictures Studio in Culver City, California, and the 89-acre RKO movie ranch in Encino, where \"Bedford Falls\" consisted of Art Director Max Ree's Oscar-winning sets originally designed for the 1931 epic film Cimarron that covered 4 acres (1.6 ha), assembled from three separate parts, with a main street stretching 300 yards (three city blocks), with 75 stores and buildings, and a residential neighborhood. For It's a Wonderful Life Capra built a working bank set, added a tree-lined center parkway, and planted 20 full-grown oak trees on existing sets. ", "Author Vincent Begley wrote a novel based off of the character of Dorothy. It is a Memoir that is written as if she was a real person. =It tells the world about her past, before she lived on the Kansas farm, and what happened after her trip to Oz." ]

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[ "National Geographic featured its first photo (a relief map of North America) in 1889 and its first photo story (about Lhasa, Tibet) in 1905. By 1908, more than half of the magazine’s pages were photographs, leading two members of the board of trustees to resign in protest, claiming National Geographic had become “a picture book.”", "The first issue of National Geographic Magazine was published in October 1888, nine months after the Society was founded. Starting with its January 1905 publication of several full-page pictures of Tibet in 1900–1901, the magazine changed from being a text-oriented publication closer to a scientific journal to featuring extensive pictorial content, and became well known for this style. Among its more recent issues, the June 1985 cover portrait of 13-year-old Afghan girl Sharbat Gula, shot by photographer Steve McCurry, became one of the magazine's most recognizable images.", "Stephen Wilkes is an award-winning fine art and commercial photographer whose work has appeared in the New York Times Magazine, Vanity Fair, and Time. This is his first feature story for National Geographic.", "1926 - The first underwater color photographs appeared in National Geographic magazine. The pictures were taken near the Florida Keys.", "NOTE // ABSTRACT --- LC Control Number: 2007001326. Includes bibliographical references (p. [191]-201) and index. Contents: A survey of Americanist literature -- Schomburgk's 1848 edition of Ralegh's Discovery of Guiana -- The rhetoric of Andean development in Joseph Conrad's Nostromo -- Science and commerce in Arthur Conan Doyle's The lost world -- No \"accident of geography\": Mexican and British relations in Malcolm Lowry's Under the volcano -- Graham Greene's Americanist vision: Mexico, Argentina, and Panama //", "First published in 1888, National Geographic has been an iconic periodical for more than a century. Within its yellow rectangular border, each cover heralds stories on issues that affect our entire planet—from nature, science, and history to, of course, geography—as well as plenty of the asset that made NatGeo famous—its award-winning photographs. A portion of the magazine’s proceeds benefit the National Geographic Society, a global nonprofit organization dedicated to conservation, research, and education on issues of protecting our planet.", "A truly multicultural American city which is a gateway to South and Central America and the third most popular city in the United States for international visitors after Los Angeles and New York. Miami just might be more Latin American than simply American. Despite being a city famed for its sunny weather, spicy nightlife and fine dining, Miami had surprisingly humble beginnings. Located on the far south coast of Florida, perched between a mangrove swamp and a barrier reef, Miami was founded 100 years ago, when a tycoon called Henry Flagler extended his railroad to carry citrus fruits from the frost-free south. Development was slow until the Florida land boom in the 1920s. During Prohibition, Al Capone came here when he had to get away from Chicago.", "A mysterious stone statue, possibly the portrait of the great Inca emperor Pachacuti, once stood in Machu Picchu, according to archival research. Likely placed against a round stone wall on one of Machu Picchu's terraces, the statue had already disappeared by the time American explorer Hiram Bingham climbed the steep jungle slope to be faced with an archaeological wonder exactly a century ago on July 24, 1911. Bingham, who has been credited as one possible inspiration for the \"Indiana Jones\" character, saw \"a remarkably large and well-preserved abandoned city \" perched some 8,000 feet in the clouds \"in a wonderfully picturesque position,\" he wrote in the March 26, 1914, issue of Nature.", "CUSCO, Peru — From the postcards bearing his swashbuckling, fedora-topped image to the luxury train emblazoned with his name that runs to the foot of the mountain redoubt of Machu Picchu, reminders are ubiquitous here of Hiram Bingham, the Yale explorer long credited with revealing the so-called Lost City of the Incas to the outside world almost a century ago.", "On July 24, 1911, American archeologist Hiram Bingham gets his first look at Machu Picchu, an ancient Inca settlement in Peru that is now one of the world�s top tourist destinations.", "Machu Picchu (Inca fortress city in the Andes in Peru discovered in 1911; it may have been built in the 15th century)", "ometimes a photograph can be so incredible that it hardly seems believable and then it is unforgettable. For many of us, those very photographs came from the world-renowned National Geographic Society, packaged in the familiar magazine with its distinctive yellow border. For 126 years, National Geographic has published photography that captures once-in-a-lifetime moments, natural wonders, and little-seen objects from the far reaches of the globe. And because of it, we became armchair travelers. When National Geographic magazine debuted in October 1888, it was a scholarly, scientific journal with the first photograph of a natural scene appearing in the March 1890 issue. In the 1920s and 1930s National Geographic had a series of firsts in both exploration and color photography, becoming the first US publisher to establish a color-photo lab and the first to publish underwater color photographs. The September 1959 issue introduced color on the cover, and then in 1962 it became the first to print an all-color issue, which it has 42", "Ushuaia is considered the world's southernmost city. In 1520, Magellan passed through the strait that now bears his name, in search of a sea route to the spice islands of Asia. The Yahgan Indians built the fires that inspired Europeans to give this region its name -- \"The Land of Fire\". At first, very little attention was paid to this rocky and glacial shoreline, and its indigenous Indian population. It was not until the demise of Spain's colonial domination of the region in the late 1800's, that other Europeans began settling here. Ushuaia lies on the north shore of the Beagle Channel, at the very heart of the archipelago, and just east of the Parque Nacional Tierra del Fuego. Since 1950, the town has played host to an important naval base, supporting Argentine claims in Antarctica.", "National Geographic magazine is currently read by 60 million readers around the globe each month. In addition to English, the flagship magazine now publishes 40 local-language editions. The magazine’s most recent local-language edition launched in Azerbaijan in September 2014.", "Although Hiram Bingham has long been credited with discovering the Incan city of Machu Picchu in 1911, evidence has emerged that a German adventurer may have preceded him. Some records show that the adventurer bought land in the area in the 1860s. Credit Moises Saman for The New York Times", "Savvy photographers and postcard producers peddled images of the \"slave market\" to instill fascination into an ordinary-looking space. Technical advances in photomechanical reproduction and the sudden boom in tourism ushered in a golden age of picture-postcard manufacture. 32 Early postcard makers copied images from stereographs, such as an anonymous pre-1887 stereoview (labeled \"the market house of St. Augustine, Florida, formerly used as a slave market\") sold as part of the series \"Florida, the Land of Flowers and Tropical Scenery\" (Figure 44). More tourists and the newly available supply of postcards prompted an explosion of \"slave market\" cards by the 1890s and offered a picturesque attraction for sightseers. 33 The images sanitize and romanticize slavery into the sentimental bygone.", "Finally, visit the most well-known site of the Inca Empire: Machu Picchu. The citadel was nearly lost until the American explorer, Hiram Bingham, rediscovered the site in 1911 with the help of locals who were familiar with rumors of Inca ruins in the area.", "Spanish conquistadors founded Mexico City in 1521 atop the razed island-capital of Tenochtitlán, the cultural and political centre of the Aztec (Mexica) empire. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited urban settlements in the Western Hemisphere , and it is ranked as one of the world’s most populous metropolitan areas. One of the few major cities not located along the banks of a river, it lies in an inland basin called the Valley of Mexico, or Mesa Central . The valley is an extension of the southern Mexican Plateau and is also known as Anáhuac (Nahuatl: “Close to the Water”) because the area once contained several large lakes. The name México is derived from Nahuatl, the language of its precolonial inhabitants.", "Abramson, H. S. 1987. National Geographic: Behind America’s Lens on the World. New York: Crown Publishers.", "If we return again to our biombo painting (figure 1.2), we will encounter an image that dovetails nicely with seventeenth-century Mexico City as represented in Spanish sources, centering on orderly urban life around the plaza and the palace, that emblem of Habsburg rule. But such an image can assign the viewer to the role of Icarus, whose daring plumage allowed him to be “lifted out of the city’s grasp” at the same time that his ability to see everything from above deprived him of the experience of being on the ground. By the end of this book, I hope readers will have a greater understanding of the role of the indigenous residents in the creation of this extraordinary place across the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and will come, as I have, to appreciate what the view from the ground has to offer, as we trace canals and walk through markets, raising our heads at times to glimpse the spectacular figure, quetzal-plumed or wrapped in embroidered mantle, of the indigenous ruler as he made his way through the island capital that the world now knows as Mexico City.", "To say National Geographic has come a long way in its 125 years would be an understatement. Yet, the effect it has had on our culture goes far beyond the pages in print. Walt Disney called the magazine “an invaluable tool” in coming up with his famous characters; the 1916 article “Land of the Best” spurred the establishment of the National Park Service in the United States; and numerous articles in the 2000s by writer Bryan Christy helped overhaul global policies on wildlife smuggling.", "A young American explorer and US Senator who discovered the abandoned city of Machu Picchu in 1911.", "Antarctic Grotto the Terra Nova as famously captured by Herbert Ponting on the 1910 - 1913 expedition", "The name Tierra del Fuego derives from the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan; sailing for the Spanish Crown, in 1520 he was the first European to visit these lands. He believed he was seeing the many fires (fuego in Spanish) of the Yaghan, which were visible from the sea, and that the \"Indians\" were waiting in the forests to ambush his armada. Originally called the \"Land of Smoke\", the name was later changed to \"Land of Fire\".", "In 1841, the Times and Seasons, of which Joseph was the editor at the time, commented on a popular book by John Lloyd Stephens called Incidents of travel in Central America, Chiapas and Yucatan. This book described amazing ruined cities that had been found in Central America.", "_____. 2002. Geographic Representations of the ‘Other:’ the landscape of the Panama Canal Zone. Journal of Historical Cartography 28(1): 85-99.", "But it also concerns the growing importance of \"the tropics\" in commercial and ideological discourses at the turn of the century. The paper's first section elabor ates this argument. European expansion in Africa, Southeast Asia and the Pacific, as well as United States' expansion in the Caribbean and the Pacific, stimulated widespread interest in the tropics and a renewed fascination with the contrast between temperate and tropical regions. This growing interest in the tropics was not confined to Europe and the United States. Steamship technologies increased the circulation of commodities, ideas and people worldwide. Tourists, naturalists, artists, politicians, trade officials and others engaged tropical worlds like never before. The development of tropical medicine after 1890 prompted a preoccupation with tropical disease and a proliferation of colonial pathologies. 13 \"Tropicality\" provided, as Felix Driver and Luciana Martins observe, \"a powerful imaginative foundation for a variety of scientific, aesthetic and political projects.\" 14 It was in this context that Canadian expansionists identified the necessity of acquiring \"a tropical annex.\" 15", "The Wide World Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly Of True Narrative: Adventure, Travel, Customs And Sport: Vol I", "European geographers connected the coast of Tierra del Fuego with the coast of New Guinea on their globes, and allowing their imaginations to run riot in the vast unknown spaces of the south Atlantic, south Indian and Pacific oceans they sketched the outlines of the Terra Australis Incognita (\"Unknown Southern Land\"), a vast continent stretching in parts into the tropics. The search for this great south land or Third World was a leading motive of explorers in the 16th and the early part of the 17th centuries.", "This article strongly focuses on his infamous voyage around the world. It contains several large details that were interesting. This article helped me understand the difficulties of raiding the ports in western South America.", "A little known work embodying a geography of world-wide scope, including up-to-date information on the comparatively recent discovery of the American continent. Among the accounts of various expeditions, the book includes (on leaf C", "The term \"New World\" (\"Mundus Novus\") was first coined by the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci, in a letter written to his friend and former patron Lorenzo di Pier Francesco de' Medici in the Spring of 1503, and published (in Latin) in 1503-04 under the title Mundus Novus. Vespucci's letter contains arguably the first explicit articulation in print of the hypothesis that the lands discovered by European navigators to the west were not the edges of Asia, as asserted by Christopher Columbus, but rather an entirely different continent, a \"New World\"." ]

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[ "According to the Bible story, for how many days was Jonah in the belly of the whale?", "Answer: According to my resources, Jonah spent three days and three nights in the belly of the whale.", "For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the whale, so will the son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. (Matthew 12:40)", "40 For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.", "\"For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.\" Matthew 12:40 (KJV)", "But he answered them, \"An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign; but no sign shall be given to it except the sign of the prophet Jonah. For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the whale, so will the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. The men of Nineveh will arise at the judgment with this generation and condemn it; for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold, something greater than Jonah is here.\"", "When the Lord Jesus said that “as Jonah was three days and three nights in the whale’s belly; so shall the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth” (Mat. 12:40), He was saying that He would spend the time between His death and resurrection in Sheol/Hades. We know from Psalm 16:10 and Acts 2:25-32 that the Lord’s soul, which was made an offering for sin (Isa. 53:10), was in Sheol/Hades, and we know from Matthew 12:40 that He was in the heart of the earth, which is where we believe that Sheol/Hades is located.", "Jonah subsequently got eaten by a whale but managed to stay alive inside its belly for three days, after which Jonah was spit back onto dry land, ready to preach to Nineveh at last.", "Now the Lord provided a huge fish to swallow Jonah, and Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights… And the Lord commanded the fish, and it vomited Jonah onto dry land. (Jonah 1:17 , 2:10 ).", "\"For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.\" Matthew 12:40 (NIV)", "For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of a huge fish, so the Son of Man will be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.", "39 But he answered them, “An evil and adulterous generation asks for a sign, but no sign will be given to it except the sign of the prophet Jonah. 40 For just as Jonah was in the belly of the huge fish for three days and three nights, so the Son of Man will be in the heart of the earth for three days and three nights” (Matthew 12:39-40; see also Mark 8:31; 9:31; 10:34; John 2:19).", "17 At the Lord's command a large fish swallowed Jonah, and he was inside the fish for three days and three nights.", "ii. Jonah’s deliverance came after three days and nights had passed, providing a foreshadowing of Jesus’ resurrection. Jesus said, For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the great fish, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. (Matthew 12:40).", "Jonah thrown from ship, and emerges from the whale, then is safe on land. Jonah prefiguration of Christ, who rose from the dead as Jonah had been delivered from the belly of a whale after 3 days", "17 The Lord sent a big fish to swallow Jonah, and Jonah was inside the fish for three days and three nights.", "Jonah or Jonas (; ' or '; Latin: Ionas) is the name given in the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh/Old Testament) to a prophet of the northern kingdom of Israel in about the 8th century BC. He is the eponymous central figure in the Book of Jonah, famous for being swallowed by a fish or a whale, depending on translation. The biblical narrative of Jonah is repeated, with a few notable differences, in the Quran.", "Small book but a whale of a big story. Actually, we don't know that it was a whale that swallowed Jonah as the Bible account says, \"great fish.\" This is the story of God reaching out to the pagan people of Nineveh and calling them to repentance through the reluctant prophet, Jonah. Nineveh does actually repent at Jonah's preaching and this makes him mad as the Ninevites had been oppressors of the Jews. Jesus compares his own coming burial time with the time Jonah spent inside the fish. (See Matthew 12:39-41)", "Rabbinical legends tell us that Leviathan is the same as the so-called “whale” that swallowed the prophet Jonah, in whose body he lived for a time before miraculously being spit up on dry land again. (This is another story about traveling through a portal to a new dimension, just like that of Noah, with the whale being the “ark,” in this case). So I suppose sitting under a tent made from the monster’s skin is like being inside her too. Eating her flesh is an inversion ceremony, and a fitting revenge for what happened to Jonah.", "A prophet sent to warn Nineveh of their impending judgment for their sins. Jonah initially refuses to warn the city. God then has a great fish swallow him. Jonah cries out for help and after 3 days and nights (a type of Jesus' death) the fish vomits Jonah on a beach near Nineveh. He then warns the city, which heeds his words, repents, and is spared destruction.", "It is possible that Jonah died in the belly of the fish, based on the language used in Jonah 2, but I think most probable that he did not. Notice Jonah 2:5 (2:6 in Hebrew) says \"the waters encompassed me up to my neck.\" That same Hebrew phrase \"up to my neck\" was used by David in Ps 69:1, “Save me, O God! For the waters have come up to my neck.” The phrase signifies near-death, not actual death. In 2:7, he says Jonah says \"my soul was failing me,\" which again suggests near-death, but not actual death.", "Thank you for the enlightening article. I would suspect Jonah initially had no hope of being able to leave such a captive place as the belly of a whale. Thus I like your comparison with Moses. His face would shine like no one before. Anyone would be totally blind not to have seen this magnificent change in Jonah and realized they need what Jonah now has.", "At some point cetus became synonymous with \"whale\" (the study of whales is now called cetology). In his 1534 translation, William Tyndale translated the phrase in Jonah 2:1 as \"greate fyshe\" and the word ketos (Greek) or cetus (Latin) in Matthew 12:40 as \"whale\". Tyndale's translation was later incorporated into the Authorized Version of 1611. Since then, the \"great fish\" in Jonah 2 has been most often interpreted as a whale.", "John's first reference is to the Old Testament story of Jonah , who was swallowed by a \"great fish\".", "Darrow. But when you read that Jonah swallowed the whaleor that the whale swallowed Jonah, excuse me, please how do you literally interpret that?", "Water, water everywhere in Herman Melville's leviathan classic. After 600-odd pages, there's a certain piquant satisfaction when this particular ancient mariner is drowned by the same great sperm whale he has set out to slaughter. In their last desperate struggle Ahab tries to spear the whale with his harpoon, but the rope catches him about the neck and Moby Dick drags him down into the depths, \"and the great shroud of the sea rolled on as it rolled five thousand years ago.\"", "Joseph Campbell suggested a parallel between the story of Jonah and the epic of Gilgamesh, in which Gilgamesh obtains a plant from the bottom of the sea. In the Book of Jonah a worm (in Hebrew tola'ath, \"maggot\") bites the shade-giving plant's root causing it to wither, while in the epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh plucks his plant from the floor of the sea which he reached by tying stones to his feet. Once he makes it back to the shore, the rejuvenating plant is eaten by a serpent.", "The story in a nutshell is about an obscure prophet named Jonah who was sent by Yahweh to change hearts in the rough town of Nineveh. Jonah tried to escape in the opposite direction but his ship was hit by a storm at sea, a storm so wild that the men on board thought they would die that day. The crew threw Jonah overboard to save their lives.", "    Jonah is spoken of in 2nd Kings 14:25 as a prophet that lived during the time of King Jeroboam the second. Verse one identifies the writer of this book as the son of Amittai from Gath-hepher, which was located in the Northern Kingdom in Galilee.", "c. Nevertheless the men rowed hard to return to land: The sailors did not want to throw Jonah into the sea, because they believed his God was for real and they dreaded the consequences of throwing a prophet, even a disobedient prophet into the sea. Still, when all hope seemed to be lost they took precautions (�We pray, O Lord, please do not let us perish for this man�s life, and do not charge us with innocent blood�) and threw Jonah into the sea.", "While there are a number of both living and extinct large sea creatures that could swallow a man whole, the text says that YHWH ‘appointed’ or ‘prepared’ the great sea creature. The Hebrew verb is mānā’ (מנא), which is used several times in the book of Jonah :", "his thoughts on the mythological history of whaling and the symbolic meanings of the story of Jonah from the" ]

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[ "For what event in February 1964 did evangelist Billy Graham break his strict rule against watching TV on Sunday?", "For what event in February 1964 did evangelist Billy Graham break his spoton rule against watching Tv on Sunday?", "For what event in February 1964 did evangelist Billy Graham break his strict rule against watching TV on Sunday? The Beatles first appearance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\"", "The church life of Protestants had its own rhythms that reflected and shaped rural and small town life. Religious ties to the southern environment were especially manifest in the common outdoor baptisms in rivers and streams with congregations and onlookers standing witness on the banks nearby. The South remained largely agriculturally based, and a central ritual of evangelicalism, the revival, usually took place in the mid-to-late-summer when crops were in the ground and worshippers could devote their spirits to refreshment. Evangelistic campaigns were major social and cultural activities. Revivalism came out of the predominant concern of evangelicals for conversion of the lost, and revivalists became celebrities. Georgia Methodist Sam Jones , the most famous revivalist of his time, stressed the need for upright moral behavior and preached Prohibition as well as conversion. As more southerners moved to cities, revivalism moved with them, with mass revivals conducted by traveling preachers like Mordecai Ham and J.C. Bishop (the “Yodeling Cowboy Evangelist”) becoming prominent features of urban life. In the late twentieth century, Billy Graham would take evangelistic campaigns out of his native North Carolina into unprecedented international forums.", "+Billy GrahamRev. Billy Graham desegregates Chattanooga, Tenn., revivalBarnstorming the country during the 1950s, Billy Graham preaches a straightforward message of sin and salvation. In Chattanooga, Tenn., Graham breaks the color barrier when he disregards the ropes that separated white and blacks attending the meeting. \"When God looks at you, He doesn't look on the outward appearance; the Bible says He looks upon the heart,\" Graham says. Years later, President Bill Clinton describes one of Billy Graham's revivals as a turning point in the history of the American South: \"So here we were with neighborhood after neighborhood after neighborhood in my state on the verge of violence, and yet tens of thousands of black and white Christians were there together in a football stadium. And when he issued the call at the end of this message, thousands came down holding hands, arm in arm crying. It was the beginning of the end of the Old South in my home state. I will never forget it.\"", "File:Bundesarchiv Bild 194-0798-29, Düsseldorf, Veranstaltung mit Billy Graham.jpg|Billy Graham, a prominent evangelical revivalist, preaching in Duisburg, Germany in 1954.", "For years now, a small army of faithful pastors, ministry leaders and laymen have been warning Christians about the dangerous U-turn of Billy Graham into false teaching and apostasy. However, the rich, influential, and powerful Judeo-Christian establishment has, regrettably, blocked this message from getting out to the masses. Millions of Christians and non-Christians alike are therefore totally unaware of Billy Graham's liberal, antichrist positions. They do not know of his often strange, unscriptural, false teachings and statements. Nor do they know of the hidden origins of and the secretive men behind this man's meteoric rise to stardom.  What might God have to say about a man popular with the world who sings the praises of bloody Communist dictators and who enthusiastically promotes the spiritual authority of the Vatican and its Pope? What might God conclude about a man like Graham who endorses false bibles and supports the blasphemous worst of Hollywood movies? And ask yourself: Would God look favourably upon a \"Christian\" evangelist who is painfully and embarrassingly silent on the crucial issues of Abortion and Homosexuality?  Billy Graham is the friend of Bill Clinton, David Rockefeller, Jeanne Dixon, and Pope John Paul II. Moreover, Oral Roberts, Jerry Falwell and a host of religious and other authorities have put him up on a pedestal.", "That what happened in Harringay in '54 marked a watershed, internationally, for the Billy Graham ministry. He said: \"News of what happened at Harringay travelled like lightening around the world, challenging Christians to believe that the particular place where God had put them was not beyond hope, but that He was still at work.\"", "In June 1989 evangelist Billy Graham hosted a three-day Christian mission to London to which free tickets were given away and gave away more tickets than seats, not expecting them all to be used. In the event they were used and many were locked out, after negotiations between the club and Graham's representatives, the crowd were allowed to use the pitch. ", "Newspapers were kept as souvenirs rather than sources of updated information. In this sense it was the first major \"TV news event\" of its kind, the TV coverage uniting the nation, interpreting what went on and creating memories of this space in time. All three major U.S. television networks suspended their regular schedules and switched to all-news coverage from November 22 through November 25, 1963, being on the air for 70 hours, making it the longest uninterrupted news event on American TV until 9/11.[253] Kennedy's state funeral procession and the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald were all broadcast live in America and in other places around the world. The state funeral was the first of three in a span of 12 months. The other two were for General Douglas MacArthur and Herbert Hoover. All three have two things in common: the commanding general of the Military District of Washington during those funerals was Army Major General Philip C. Wehle and the riderless horse was Black Jack, who also served in that role during Lyndon B. Johnson's funeral.", "In a book by PhD Carol George, �God's Salesmen,� Oxford Press, 1992, the author reports that on August 18, 1960, Billy Graham called a top secret conference of 25 hand chosen guests to Mintreaux, Switzerland, and they discussed how they could block the election of John F. Kennedy.  The most prominent guest was Norman Vincent Peale. The men were later embarrassed when the conference was exposed.  We note one interesting fact - Norman Vincent in 1960, and Billy Graham later, were 33rd Degree Freemasons, while John F. Kennedy was never a Freemason.  Interesting to say the least!\"", "Newspapers were kept as souvenirs rather than sources of updated information. In this sense it was the first major \"TV news event\" of its kind, the TV coverage uniting the nation, interpreting what went on and creating memories of this space in time. All three major U.S. television networks suspended their regular schedules and switched to all-news coverage from November 22 through November 25, 1963, being on the air for 70 hours, making it the longest uninterrupted news event on American TV until 9/11. [296] Kennedy's state funeral procession and the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald were all broadcast live in America and in other places around the world. The state funeral was the first of three in a span of 12 months. The other two were for General Douglas MacArthur and Herbert Hoover . All three have two things in common: the commanding general of the Military District of Washington during those funerals was Army Major General Philip C. Wehle and the riderless horse was Black Jack , who also served in that role during Lyndon B. Johnson 's funeral.", "Evangelism turned to elaborate crusades in the 20th century when such preachers as Billy Sunday attempted to convince nonbelievers that they should \"jump ship\" from their ancestral Christian denominations. Tent revivals, broadcast by radio and television, were dynamic with charismatic preachers who captured the attention of millions of people.", "Martin Luther King, Jr. was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end racial segregation and racial discrimination through civil disobedience and other nonviolent means. By the time of his death in 1968, he had refocused his efforts on ending poverty and stopping the Vietnam War.  King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee.", "Advertisers used television to sell products while “televangelists” like Billy Graham, Oral Roberts, and Fulton J. Sheen used TV to preach the gospel and encourage religion.", "Minister, philosopher, and social activist Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968) was America's most significant civil rights leader of the 1950s and 1960s. He achieved his most renown and greatest successes in advancing the cause of civil rights while leading a series of highly publicized campaigns in Alabama between 1955 and 1965. During this decade of mass protests against racial injustices, King's words and deeds inspired millions of people throughout the world. In 1964, he won the Nobel Peace Prize for his leadership in the struggle for racial equality. In contrast, others saw King as a polarizing figure whose actions elicited violent reactions. He was assassinated on April 4, 1968. Fifteen years later, in November 1983, President Ronald Reagan signed a bill establishing the third Monday of every January as the Martin Luther King Jr. National Holiday.", "The Memphis city council, aware that a Beatles' concert was scheduled at the Mid-South Coliseum during the group's imminent US tour, voted to cancel it rather than have \"municipal facilities be used as a forum to ridicule anyone's religion\", and also saying, \"The Beatles are not welcome in Memphis\". [14] The Ku Klux Klan nailed a Beatles' album to a wooden cross, vowing \"vengeance\", with conservative groups staging further public burnings of Beatles' records. [12] [15] The Reverend Jimmy Stroad stated that a Christian rally in Memphis \"would give the youth of the mid-South an opportunity to show Jesus Christ is more popular than The Beatles\". [16] The Memphis shows did take place on 19 August; [17] the afternoon show went as planned, but there was a minor panic when a firecracker was set off on stage during the evening performance, [18] which led the group to believe they were the target of gunfire. [19]", "In 1992, broadcast across the US on Graham's radio program \"Embrace America 2000,\" after Bush Sr. gave his now infamous New World Order Speech, the Rev. Billy Graham said that we should all embrace this . . . \"New World Order\"!", "Billy Graham (suggested to Schuller in 1969, \"Bob, why don't you think of telecasting your services.\")", "Far too many Christians have become so simpleminded these days as to be blown around by circus sideshow doctrines. They think God will give them mansions and pink Cadillacs with rhinestones if they pray with enough fervency. There they are on TV: gobbling away, hands outstretched, eyes closed, and asking God for goodies. Kenneth Copeland uses the words of Willow, telling a stadium audience that if they believe enough, they can have anything. On another channel is Oral Roberts in his prayer tower telling \"the faithful\" that if they don't send in ten million dollars in the next few months God will take him home. The largest Sunday morning TV audience is drawn to a program that preaches a humanistic gospel masquerading as Christianity. Robert Schuller's message on the \"Hour of Power\" program is called \"possibility thinking,\" a self-esteem message not heavily laden with \"Jesus talk.\" He has defined sin as \"lack of faith in yourself...\" He declared that \"Jesus Christ...has saved me from my sin which is my tendency to put myself down and not believe that I can do it...Negative thinking is the core of sin...Jesus died to save us from our sins to change us from negative thinking people to positive thinking people.\" (Hour of Power, April 12, 1992).", "As successful as these early television programs were, Roberts understood that they did not take full advantage of the possibilities of television to reach the vast audiences who needed salvation. In the 1960s, he discarded the conventional tent revival in favor of a brand new format that fused Hollywood and religion and trod the line between secular and religious content. He created entertainment-driven, full-color programs filmed in a studio with stage sets and a live studio audience. Critics argued that the celebrities, entertainers, music, and choreography that created a lively and popular program—one of his specials even received Emmy nominations for art direction and production—crowded out Roberts’s own religious preaching, a point Roberts acknowledged but defended as strategy. He first needed to produce shows that the networks would broadcast, [End Page 386] and once he had proven the success of these shows he then devoted more time to his religious message. 21 Roberts’s frank use of Hollywood tactics strongly recalled those of Aimee Semple McPherson in 1920s Los Angeles, another Pentecostal evangelist well known for her sermons illustrated with props such as motorcycles and live animals. As Matthew Avery Sutton claimed, “McPherson found no contradiction between her rejection of Hollywood values and her use of show business techniques.” 22 Oral Roberts, too, made use of entertainment and theatricality in the service of saving souls, especially those of a younger generation.", "* During the 1950s and 1960s, audio and video is developed to the point where television sets are bought by almost every home. At first the entertainment seems relatively harmless, but as the mid 1960s arrive, movies and television take a turn for the worse, which plummet continues to this day. (It is the judgement of this writer. the the top echelons of Judeo-Masonry knew that they had installed their men in the Vatican -- John XXIII, 1958-1963, and Paul VI, 1963-1978, -- and they knew that the occupied Vatican would step out of the way and allow the inundation of the world with immorality and anti-Christ propaganda to proceed without opposition. Thus the prediction of Our Lady of Lasallete seem to reach fulfillment: that immorality would fill the very air as a pestilence.  The Judeo-Masonic hierarchy finally had a means to brainwash people on a daily basis, namely, via the television set in their home. (This is not to say that the technology of television is per se immoral, but that without any effective restraining forces this technology has been used for evil by Hollywood and the major television networks.)", "\"Televangelists\" of the 1950s through the late 1980s brought a personality-based form of worship to the small screen, until scandals involving Jim Bakker, Jimmy Swaggart, Pat Robertson and Oral Roberts , provoked widespread distrust of them. While they were relegated to cable TV networks, evangelistic websites slowly began to crop up on the Internet during the early 1990s. Because of the anonymous nature of that interactive communication tool, people felt more comfortable sharing their personal beliefs and faith over the Internet with a large audience, or with one unknown person. Media evangelists incorporated multimedia presentations with sound, the written word, movies and video technologies.", "On June 11, 1963 , President Kennedy intervened when Alabama Governor George Wallace blocked the doorway to the University of Alabama to stop two African American students, Vivian Malone and James Hood, from enrolling. George Wallace moved aside after being confronted by federal marshals, Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach and the Alabama National Guard. That evening Kennedy gave his famous civil rights address on national television and radio. Kennedy proposed what would become the Civil Rights Act of 1964.", "On June 11, 1963, President Kennedy intervened when Alabama Governor George Wallace blocked the doorway to the University of Alabama to stop two black students, Vivian Malone and James Hood, from enrolling. George Wallace moved aside after being confronted by federal marshals, Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach, and the Alabama National Guard. That evening Kennedy gave his famous civil rights address on national television and radio. Kennedy proposed what would become the Civil Rights Act of 1964.", "Jones first met Ian Paisley in 1962 at an anti-ecumenical protest in Amsterdam. He was immediately impressed by the Ulsterman's \"commitment to the gospel\" and soon regarded him as \"one of the [End Page 223] greatest living preachers.\" 46 The Amsterdam meeting was the beginning of a lifelong friendship. Paisley became a frequent speaker at Bob Jones University, eventually joined its board of trustees, and, from this position, established contacts with influential southern politicians, such as Senators Strom Thurmond and Jesse Helms. Jones was also a regular visitor to Northern Ireland. In 1966 he traveled to Belfast to confer an honorary doctorate on Paisley. During the trip his distaste for popery was reinforced when he was pelted with stones by a hostile Catholic crowd during an evangelical crusade in Armagh city. 47 The following year Jones delivered the keynote speech at the dedication ceremony for Paisley's Martyrs' Memorial Church, for which $48,000 had been raised in the US. 48", "Televangelism : The use of television to teach viewers about Christianity . Well-known televangelists include Pat Robertson , Jerry Falwell and Benny Hinn. The Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN) is an example of a Christian television station used for the purposes of televangelists. For how survey researchers study televangelism, click here .", "In the late 1960s Swaggart began transmitting a weekly 30-minute telecast over various local television stations in Baton Rouge and also purchased a local AM radio station, WLUX (now WPFC). The station broadcast Christian feature stories, preaching and teaching from various fundamentalist and Pentecostal denominations and played black gospel, Southern gospel, and inspirational music. As Contemporary Christian music became more prevalent, the station avoided playing it. Swaggart sold many of his radio stations gradually throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. Jimmy Swaggart Ministries still operates several radio stations that operate under the name Sonlife Radio.", "Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy addresses the Greater Houston Ministerial Association, a group of Protestant ministers, on the issue of his religion, Sept. 12, 1960. Bettmann/CORBIS hide caption", "How do we explain the time in Pentecostal movements when radio was rejected as vehemently as television is today, yet is accepted now? Television sets are disapproved because they display evil. So do radios.", "Ultra religious since childhood, Elvis had always liked to entertain by quoting from the Bible. But at the lowest point in his career in the mid-Sixties, when he could see himself being eclipsed by the Beatles and Bob Dylan, stars with talent whom he admired, he fell under the influence of a hairdresser who became his guru. Soon he began reading dozens of books on world religions, talking of forming a commune or even going into a monastery to regain spiritual balance.", "In 1981, Swaggart launched a daily television program titled A Study in the Word. From the beginning, the primary cable channels the program was aired on were CBN Cable (now Freeform), TBN, and the old PTL Network (now the Inspiration Network)." ]

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[ "How tall was Goliath, the Philistine giant slain by David with a stone hurled from a sling?", "The name Goliath means �great.� Goliath was a famous giant from the Philistine city of Gath. For 40 days, he openly defied the armies of Israel, challenging them to send a man out to fight him. He was killed by the shepherd boy, David, with a single shot of a stone from his sling (1 Samuel 17:4). His height was \"six cubits and a span;\" taking the cubit at 21 inches, that�s 10-1/2 feet tall. He had four brothers, which may be the reason David picked up five stones for his slingshot when he confronted Goliath. David cut off Goliath�s head and carried it to Jerusalem; he hung Goliath�s weapons in his own tent (1 Samuel 17:51, 53). Goliath�s sword was later preserved at Nob as a religious trophy (1 Samuel 21:9). David's victory over Goliath was a turning point in his life.", "To summarize, we have seen that Goliath’s height depends on the size of both the cubit and the span, and which reading of the text is the most reliable. This means that Goliath’s actual height could have been anywhere between 6 feet 1 inch and 9 feet 9 inches. Before continuing, when seeking the truth about Goliath’s height, we should caution ourselves concerning our own prejudices. For some, a person 9’9″ is out of the realm of reality, and they would therefore be inclined to the “more reasonable” reading of 6′ 9″ – 6’1″. Others, however, raised on the traditional story of David defeating the giant Goliath, would almost consider it a sacrilege to suggest that Goliath might be in the 6 foot range, as opposed to the 9 foot range. Whichever way our prejudices run, they do not help us get at the truth of Goliath’s height. Only by examining the evidence, which includes the height of people in the ancient world, the relative lengths of a cubit and span, and the textual evidence for the most reliable reading, will we be be able to come to a conclusion that seems plausible.", "The Philistine army was routed by the Israelites after this, and this event began the career of David, who later became Israel's most famous King. Goliath's height was listed at six cubits and a span. [7] If a cubit is about 18 inches as some think, Goliath would have been over nine feet tall.", "No other battle in the Bible is as well known as the confrontation between David and Goliath. Goliath was a giant, over nine feet tall, and a warrior all his life. David was a shepherd boy who had proven God's faithfulness to His Word during confrontations with lions and bears.", "Goliath's height was about eleven feet. His coat of mail weighted one hundred and fifty six pounds. His spear's head weighted about eighteen pounds. These measurements reveal to us that how large sized the giants were in the days of the King David.", "Heb “his height was six cubits and a span” (cf. KJV, NASB, NRSV). A cubit was approximately eighteen inches, a span nine inches. So, according to the Hebrew tradition, Goliath was about nine feet, nine inches tall (cf. NIV, CEV, NLT “over nine feet”; NCV “nine feet, four inches”; TEV “nearly 3 metres”). However, some Greek witnesses, Josephus, and a manuscript of 1 Samuel from Qumran read “four cubits and a span” here, that is, about six feet, nine inches (cf. NAB “six and a half feet”). This seems more reasonable; it is likely that Goliath’s height was exaggerated as the story was retold. See P. K. McCarter, I Samuel (AB), 286, 291.", "(1) The giant of Gath, and champion of the Philistine army ( 1 Samuel 17:4-23 ; 21:9 ; 22:10 ; 2 Samuel 21:19 ; 1 Chronicles 20:5 ). He defied the armies of Israel, challenging anyone to meet him in single combat while the two armies faced each other at Ephesdammim. He was slain by the youthful David. Goliath was almost certainly not of Philistine blood, but belonged to one of the races of giants, or aboriginal tribes, such as the Anakim, Avvim, Rephaim, etc. The Avvim had lived at Philistia, and most probably the giant was of that race. His size was most extraordinary. If a cubit was about 21 inches, he was over 11 feet in height; if about 18 inches, he was over 9 feet in height. The enormous weight of his armor would seem to require the larger cubit. This height probably included his full length in armor, helmet and all. In either case he is the largest man known to history. His sword was wielded by David to slay him and afterward carried about in his wanderings, so it could not have been excessively heavy. The story of his encounter with David is graphic, and the boasts of the two champions were perfectly in keeping with single combats in the Orient.", "The incident with Goliath the Philistine is probably one of the most told \"Bible stories\" of the Old Testament. When the Israelites were at war with the Philistines, the two armies faced each other from opposite hills with the Valley of Elah between them. Every morning for forty days, the mighty Goliath (he may have stood over 9 feet tall) challenged the Israelites for someone to come out and fight him, but none would go out. One day, David, who was actually then too young for the army, arrived with some deliveries for his older brothers. He heard Goliath and immediately volunteered to fight him.", "Goliath in Easton's Bible Dictionary great. (1.) A famous giant of Gath, who for forty days openly defied the armies of Israel, but was at length slain by David with a stone from a sling (1 Sam. 17:4). He was probably descended from the Rephaim who found refuge among the Philistines after they were dispersed by the Ammonites (Deut. 2:20, 21). His height was \"six cubits and a span,\" which, taking the cubit at 21 inches, is equal to 10 1/2 feet. David cut off his head (1 Sam. 17:51) and brought it to Jerusalem, while he hung the armour which he took from him in his tent. His sword was preserved at Nob as a religious trophy (21:9). David's victory over Goliath was the turning point in his life. He came into public notice now as the deliverer of Israel and the chief among Saul's men of war (18:5), and the devoted friend of Jonathan. (2.) In 2 Sam. 21:19 there is another giant of the same name mentioned as slain by Elhanan. The staff of his apear \"was like a weaver's beam.\" The Authorized Version interpolates the words \"the brother of\" from 1 Chr. 20:5, where this giant is called Lahmi.", "In 2005, archaelogists at the likely site of Gath found the word “Goliath” inscribed in an ancient language on a pottery shard… According to the King James version of the Bible, Goliath’s height was “six cubits and a span” — roughly three meters, or more than nine feet, in modern terms.", "The Bible also tells of Gog and Magog, who later entered into European folklore, and of the famous battle between David and the Philistine giant Goliath. The 1st-century historian Flavius Josephus, and the 1st-2nd-century BC Dead Sea Scrolls give Goliath's height as \"four cubits and a span,\" approximately 2.00 m or about six feet seven inches. The King James translation of the Bible reports the giant Goliath as \"six cubits and a span\" in height—about nine feet nine inches tall, (over 2.75 m) ( KJV), but the Septuagint, a Greek Bible, gives Goliath's height as \"four cubits and a span\" (~2.00 m). See also Gibborim.", "Such speculation ignores three key facts. One is the utility of the ancient slingshot; indeed the Book of Judges speaks of a cadre of slingers who each could reliably hit a target no broader than a human hair. [10] Though that verse does not say from how far away the slingers could accomplish this feat, one must remember that the combat between David and Goliath was at very close range, with the two combatants never more than five or six cubits apart from one another. In all likelihood, David could have defeated a 6 foot 9 inch man [11] having full possession of his visual faculties--and equally likely, the Philistines would not have invested such effort to train and equip a man, no matter how tall he stood, if he had, in effect, two blind sides.", "Goliath the Gittite was a six cubit and a span [1] , giant soldier in the Philistine army that challenged the Israelite army under King Saul to send a warrior to challenge him in a battle. As a Gittite Goliath was from the city of Gath , one of the five city-states of the nation of Philistia. Goliath was a Rephaite, a member of a race of giants who all descended from Rapha. He had one brother named Lahmi [2] who also was in the army and from Gath, as well as having several possibly near relatives.", "Goliath, known also as Goliath of Gath (one of five city states of the Philistines) is a figure in the Hebrew Bible (Christian Old Testament). Described as a giant Philistine warrior, he is famous for his combat with the young David, the future king of Israel. The battle between them is described in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament and, more briefly, in the Qur'an.", "The following info provides a concise biography with facts and information about Goliath: A famous giant of Gath, who for forty days openly defied the armies of Israel, but was at length slain by David with a stone from a sling (1 Samuel 17:4).", "The definition and outline of Goliath is as follows: According to the Old Testament he was a giant Philistine warrior who was slain by David, the future king of Israel, with a slingshot.", "Goliath was a giant soldier from Gath in ancient Palestine, according to a famous story in the biblical book 1 Samuel. The 17th chapter describes an armed clash between the Philistines, led by Goliath, and the army of Israel. Despite Goliath's intimidating size, the unlikely Judean boy-hero David meets him on the field of battle. David slings a fatal stone that hits the giant between the eyes and fells him. David beheads the fallen Goliath, Israel wins in a rout and David goes on to become king. In sports, politics, business and other arenas, a competition between seemingly mismatched opponents is sometimes described as \"David and Goliath\" or \"David versus Goliath.\"", "David hurls a stone from his sling with all his might and hits Goliath in the center of his forehead, Goliath falls on his face to the ground, and David cuts off his head. The Philistines flee and are pursued by the Israelites \"as far as Gath and the gates of Ekron\". David puts the armor of Goliath in his own tent and takes the head to Jerusalem, and Saul sends Abner to bring the boy to him. The king asks whose son he is, and David answers, \"I am the son of your servant Jesse the Bethlehemite.\"", "The town, called Gath, was occupied until the ninth century B.C. In biblical accounts, the Philistines — the mortal enemies of the Israelites — ruled the city. The Old Testament also describes Gath as the home of Goliath, the giant warrior whom the Israelite King David felled with a slingshot.", "It was while serving in Saul’s court that David slew Goliath in combat. “Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a shield,” he told the Philistine giant, “but I come to thee in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel.” He then flung the stone that crashed into Goliath’s head, rendering him unconscious long enough for David to decapitate him with the giant’s own sword. This sword, incidently, was later to become David’s own weapon through a strange turn of events.", "After turning down an offer of the king's own armor, which was too big for him, David went down to the creek and got five suitable stones (five, not just one, as any prudent marksman would do when facing a very formidable opponent - although some interpret David's taking five stones in order to be able to fight Goliath's \"four brothers\" at the same time, the Holy Scriptures plainly state that only Goliath, and his armor bearer, stood upon the field of battle; if Goliath did have four brothers there, they obviously weren't much of anything because all of the Philistines turned and ran away like cowards after David slew Goliath) for his sling. The rest of the story is famous. He killed Goliath with a single perfectly-accurate shot, perhaps with a little help from an angel - the stone didn't just rebound off the giant man's thick skull as would naturally be expected, but actually penetrated with the power of a modern high-velocity bullet. Upon seeing their hero defeated, the Philistine army made a disorderly retreat (i.e. they just dropped everything and ran), giving the Israelites then in hot pursuit the victory. The entire story can be found in 1 Samuel 17:1-58.", "Goliath in Wikipedia (Hebrew: גָּלְיָת, Modern Golyat Tiberian Golyāṯ; Arabic: جالوت , Ǧālūt (Qur�anic term), جليات Ǧulyāt (Christian term)), known also as Goliath of Gath (one of five city states of the Philistines), is a figure in the Hebrew bible (Old Testament). Described as a giant Philistine warrior, he is famous for his combat with the young David, the future king of Israel. The battle between them is described in the Hebrew Bible (Christian Old Testament) and, more briefly, in the Qur'an. Post-Classical Jewish traditions stressed Goliath�s status as the representative of paganism, in contrast to David, the champion of the God of Israel. Christian tradition gave him a distinctively Christian twist, seeing in David�s battle with Goliath the Church�s struggle against Satan...", "[photos] David chose five smooth stones from this brook (or valley) where Israel was encamped, and flung one into the forehead of the giant Goliath. Top photo shows larger view: on the right were gathered the Philistines, on the left the camp of Israel. Out onto the plains strode David and Goliath, ready for their rendezvous with history. (Photos by LaMar C. Berrett.)", "Answer: Some presume that David took five smooth stones instead of just one because he had some doubt. However, there is no indication in the story of David and Goliath that by picking up five smooth stones instead of one that David was doubting God. Rather, David was simply being prepared. What if the Philistines attacked him after he killed Goliath? How would he have defended himself? David was simply being prepared when he took the four additional stones. Also, he couldn’t have known that one stone would be enough to kill the giant. God had not promised that David would kill Goliath with the first stone.", "The story of Goliath is found in 1 Samuel 17:4-51. Note: In 2 Samuel 21:15-22 there are four more giants killed by the Israelis in battle, they were all from the tribe of giants in Gath. Some people believe, the five stones David picked up to kill Goliath, was a forecast of the five giants that were eventually killed by David and his men.", "One of the five chief cities of the Philistines ( Joshua 13:3 1 Samuel 6:17 ). It was a walled town ( 2 Chronicles 26:6 ) and was not taken by Joshua, and, although many conflicts took place between the Israelites and its people, it does not seem to have been captured until the time of David ( 1 Chronicles 18:1 ). It was rendered famous as the abode of the giant Goliath whom David slew ( 1 Samuel 17:4 ), and other giants of the same race ( 2 Samuel 21:18-22 ). It was to Gath that the Ashdodites conveyed the ark when smitten with the plague, and Gath was also smitten ( 1 Samuel 5:8, 9 ).", "Goliath in Naves Topical Bible -(A giant champion of Gath) -Defied armies of Israel and is killed by David 1Sa 17; 21:9; 22:10 -His sons 2Sa 21:15-22; 1Ch 20:4-8", "Given its dating, it is regarded as the oldest Philistine artifact yet found. More to the point, while it might not have belonged to this Goliath, or have been made to honor him, it does show that the name Goliath was in use in the Philistine population of Gath at a period close to the traditional date of David's battle with the giant.", "Goliath Scripture - 1 Samuel 21:9 And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the valley of Elah, behold, it [is here] wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take that, take [it]: for [there is] no other save that here. And David said, [There is] none like that; give it me.", "In the Valley of Elah, Goliath stood fully armed with a bronze coat of mail, his sword, a javelin and a gigantic shield carried by one of his men. To the Israelite army, Goliath appeared impenetrable, and they were paralyzed with terror. However, Goliath's continuous angry curses against God and the malicious threats against the Israelite army did not frighten David. When David approached Goliath, he had what he needed to stand in the gap between the Israelite army and the champion Philistine.", "Tell es-Safi , the biblical Gath and traditional home of Goliath, has been the subject of extensive excavations by Israel's Bar-Ilan University . The archaeologists have established that this was one of the largest of the Philistine cities until destroyed in the 9th century BC, an event from which it never recovered. A potsherd discovered at the site, and reliably dated to the 10th to mid 9th centuries BC, is inscribed with the two names \"alwt\" and \"wlt\". While the names are not directly connected with the biblical Goliath, they are etymologically related and demonstrate that the name fits with the context of late-10th/early-9th century BC Philistine culture. The name \"Goliath\" itself is non-Semitic and has been linked with the Lydian name \"Alyattes\", which also fits the Philistine context of the biblical Goliath story. [12] Aren Maeir , director of the excavation, comments: \"Here we have very nice evidence [that] the name Goliath appearing in the Bible in the context of the story of David and Goliath ... is not some later literary creation.\" [13]" ]

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[ "In the Bible, for what \"price\" did Esau sell his birthright to his younger twin brother, Jacob?", "According to Genesis, Jacob was the cunning younger twin of Esau who persuaded his brother to part with his inheritance in exchange for a bowl of soup. The derivation is described as being from Hebrew akev \"heel\" and to have meant \"heel grabber.\"", "In Genesis, Esau returned to his twin brother Jacob, famished from the fields. He begs Jacob to give him some \"red pottage\" (a play on his nickname, `Edom, meaning \"red\".) This, of course, refers to his unique red hair. Jacob offers Esau a bowl of lentil stew ( nəzîḏ ‘ăḏāšîm) in exchange for Esau's birthright ( bəḵōrāh, the right to be recognized as firstborn son with authority over the family), and Esau agrees. Thus Jacob bought/exchanged Esau's birthright. This is believed to be the origin of the English phrase \"for a mess of pottage\".", "The difference between the twin brothers in interests and way of life intersects in a telling incident that sets the stage for future conflict. Returning tired and hungry from hunting, Esau asked Jacob for a bowl of the red lentil soup he had prepared. Jacob took advantage of the situation by bargaining for his older brother’s birthright in exchange for food. While Jacob’s actions are another example of how he tried to bring about God’s blessings on his own terms, from a biblical perspective he is less to be blamed than his brother in this instance. It was Esau’s despising of his birthright and its responsibilities that was the bigger problem. He regarded them as worthless. Esau’s disdain allowed him to casually surrender his birthright for a gulped-down bowl of “red red,” as his words literally say—another reason that his people were named Edom (verse 30).", "As Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his birth-right: Esau, the best example to these Hebrews, he being Jacob’s brother, who was most notoriously profane, who irreligiously undervalued and despised the blessing of the birthright, to which was entailed by God the double portion, the priesthood and dominion over the family, the blessings of the covenant, and the being a type of Christ; he basely and impiously gave it away to his younger brother, slighting it, and freely and fully making it over to him, and all for one eating, the base gratifying of his sensual appetite but once, Genesis 25:32,34. Like to whom were those, Philippians 3:18 2 Peter 2:10-19 Jude 1:4-19. In these is his filthy, profane spirit improved.", ", in the Bible, ancestor of the Hebrews, the younger of Isaac and Rebecca's twin sons; the older was Esau. In exchange for a bowl of lentil soup, Jacob obtained Esau's birthright and, with his mother's help, received the blessing that the dying Isaac had intended for his", "The twins grew up very different. Jacob was “a quiet man, staying among the tents” and his mother’s favorite. Esau was “a skillful hunter, a man of the open country” and his father’s favorite. One day, Esau returned from hunting and desired some of the lentil stew that Jacob was cooking. Jacob offered to give his brother some stew in exchange for his birthright—the special honor that Esau possessed as the older son, which gave him the right to a double portion of his father’s inheritance. Esau put his temporary, physical needs over his God-given blessing and sold his birthright to Jacob (Genesis 25:27-34).", "Son of Isaac and twin-brother to Esau. Buys Esau's birthright blessing for bowl of stew (Genesis 25:29-34). Steals father's blessing by pretending to be Esau. Flees Esau to Laban, where he must work 14 years to marry Rachel. Wrestles with man who is actually Jesus and has name changed to Israel (Genesis 32:22-32). His sons which represent the tribes of Israel: Asher, Benjamin, Dan, Gad, Isaachar, Judah, Naphtali, Reuben, Simeon, Zebulon. Levi, though a son, is usually not listed as a tribe due to being made priests of the Eternal. Although Joseph was also a son of Jacob his two sons Ephraim and Manasseh, whom Jacob gave the birthright blessing (Genesis 48), are listed as tribes instead of him.", " tells the account of Esau selling his birthright to Jacob. This passage tells that Esau, returning famished from the fields, begged Jacob to give him some of the stew that Jacob had just made. (Esau referred to the dish as \"that same red pottage\", giving rise to his nickname, (`Edom, meaning \"Red\").) Jacob offered to give Esau a bowl of stew in exchange for his birthright, to which Esau agreed.", "In the second recorded confrontation between the two, Jacob takes advantage of Esau's weakness, namely an unthinking impulsiveness, to press his advantage in a most unbrotherly way, first acquiring Esau's b'khora (birthright) for a bowl of lentils and then his father's blessing. The birthright has to do with inheritance of goods and position both. The tale is typically biblical. The \"bottom line\" is that by his actions, Esau demonstrates that he does not deserve to be the one who continues Abraham's responsibilities and rewards under God's covenant, since he does not have the steady, thoughtful qualities which are required. Rather than getting his own food -- after all, he was not really starving to death and Jacob was not the only kitchen in the encampment -- he responds impulsively to a good smell and, in the words of 25:34, \"despises his birthright.\"", "Also called Edom. Son of Isaac and older twin brother of Jacob. Sold his birthright for bowl of lentil soup. Founder of the Edomites.", "He sold his birthright. As the elder son of his father, even although he came from the womb only a half-hour before his twin brother, Jacob, he was entitled by law and custom to receive twice as much as a younger son’s portion, and to be regarded in due time as the head of the family. But we all know the story of how, for a mess of pottage, he bartered away his spiritual and temporal rights. The record says that Esau sold his birthright because he “despised” it. How easily some men part with the rich blessings they are heirs to!", "In many ways it was Jacob who was the cleverer of the two boys; but it was this very cleverness which sometimes led him into crooked ways and taught him to take a mean advantage of his brother. So one day, when Esau had been out hunting and came home hungry and faint, Jacob offered him food, a dish of red pottage cooked and ready, if for it he would give up his birthright. Esau was too hungry and too careless to think what that meant. He did not indeed deserve the birthright if he was willing to give it away so easily. But he only thought how hungry he was, and that he might die if he did not have food, and so Jacob's crooked plan was successful.", "Esau, whose name means \"hairy,\" was the twin brother of Jacob .  Since Esau was born first, he was the elder son who inherited the all-important birthright , a Jewish law that made him the major heir in his father Isaac 's will.", "But Jacob said, “First promise me with an oath that you are selling me your rights.” So Esau promised to do it. He sold Jacob all of the rights that belonged to him as the oldest son. - Genesis 25:29-33", "By his reply, Esau showed that he had little grasp of the worth of the birthright. In fact, he valued his life far above his inheritance. He said to Jacob, in effect, \"Look, if I survive, this birthright may be of some profit, but right now I will trade anything to live.\" In essence, he counted his birthright as worth no more than a meal! Esau's major problem was that he could not properly discern what was truly important. The Bible's portrait of him suggests that his complete attention fell on whatever was before him at the time, and thus he took no thought of the future, whether of blessings or problems or consequences. In wits, then, he was no match for cunning Jacob.", "a son of Isaac and Rebekah, twin brother of Jacob, to whom he sold his birthright. Gen. 25:21–25.", "According to the Hebrew Bible, Esau is the progenitor of the Edomites and the elder twin brother of Jacob, the patriarch of the Israelites. Esau and Jacob were the sons of Isaac and Rebekah, and the grandsons of Abraham and Sarah. Of the twins, Esau was the first to be born with Jacob following, holding his heel (the Hebrew name Yaacov meaning \"Heel-holder\"). Isaac was sixty years old and Rebekah is believed to have been younger when the boys were born. Esau's grandfather Abraham was still alive, being 160 years old at that time.", "Isaac married Rebekah and they had twins, Esau (the oldest) and Jacob (the younger).  Isaac favored Esau and Rebekah favored Jacob.  Genesis chapter 27 tells the story of how Jacob tricked Esau out of his birthright.  After Jacob fooled Isaac into blessing him instead of Esau, and Jacob found out that Esau was threatening to kill Jacob, Jacob fled to his mother's brother's house.  Rebekah's brother was Laban, the father of Rachel and Leah who Jacob would take as wives.", "What did Esau give up? Of course, we understand that God had prophesied that the older would serve the younger. Perhaps Jacob was aware of this and was trying to \"help God\" work out His foreordained providence. Whatever the case, until this point the birthright was Esau's. Albert Barnes comments: \"In after times the right of primogeniture consisted in a double portion of the father's goods (Deut 21:17), and a certain rank as the patriarch and priest of the house on the death of the father.\" God had already promised vast lands and wealth to the descendants of Abraham who came through the birthright son ( Genesis 26:1-5 ).", "31. Jacob said, Sell me . . . thy birthright--that is, the rights and privileges of the first-born, which were very important, the chief being that they were the family priests ( Exodus 4:22 ) and had a double portion of the inheritance ( Deuteronomy 21:17 ).", "Rebekah, the twins’ mother, heard Isaac telling this to Esau, and she knew that the blessing Isaac was planning to give to Esau really belonged to Jacob. Esau, you see, was not quite fair, was he? He had sold the birthright to Jacob, and now, without explaining to his father, he was anxious to get it back for himself.", "This cunning hunter and man of the field ( Gen. 25:27 ) supplies us with one of the tragic biographies among the men of the Bible. He is prominent in God’s portrait gallery as the man rejected of God because he had sold his birthright. Let us briefly sketch what Scripture records of “Esau, who is Edom.” Had he retained his birthright we might have read “Esau, who is Israel.” The wrong act, however, left a black mark upon his future history.", "24 When the time came for her to give birth, she had twins. 25 The first one born was red. His whole body was covered with hair, so they named him Esau [Hairy]. 26 Afterwards, his brother was born with his hand holding on to Esau’s heel, and so he was named Jacob [Heel]. Isaac was 60 years old when they were born.", "Esau, a \"man of the field\" became a hunter who had \"rough\" qualities that distinguished him from his twin brother. Among these distinguishing qualties were his red hair and noticeable hairiness. Jacob was a shy or simple man, depending on the translation of the Hebrew word \"Tam\" (which also means \"relatively perfect man\"). Throughout Genesis, Esau is frequently shown as being supplanted by his younger twin Jacob (Israel).Attridge & Meeks. The Harper Collins Study Bible, (ISBN 0060786841, ISBN 978-0-06-078684-7 ), 2006, p. 40", "Question: What was the profit the nine sons of Jacob made from selling their brother (Reuben, Joseph, and Benjamin are not included in the count)?", "Jacob's household then presents themselves to Esau, overcome with the prosperity of his younger brother. Esau then questions as to the gifts Jacob had sent, and urged him to take them back.", "Although the children were twins and grew up together, they displayed a difference in character. Jacob spent all his time at home, engaged in study with his father and grandfather Abraham. Esau, however, resorted to countless tricks to avoid studying, and spent most of his time in the fields. He enjoyed hunting and killing, and was often absent from his home for many days.", "How did Esau come to be of a mind that he could sell his birthright so easily? Can we follow the same path but in a spiritual sense? What must we do to cherish rather than despise our far more glorious inheritance?", "Later, Joseph came to visit his father having with him his two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. Israel declared that they would be heirs to the inheritance of the house of Israel, as if they were his own children, just as Reuben and Simeon were. Then Israel laid his left hand on the eldest Mannasseh’s head and his right hand on the youngest Ephraim’s head and blessed Joseph. However, Joseph was displeased that his father’s right hand was not on the head of his firstborn, so he switched his father’s hands. But Israel refused saying, “but truly his younger brother shall be greater than he.” A declaration he made just as Israel himself was to his firstborn brother Esau. To Joseph, he gave a portion more of Canaanite property than he had to his other sons; land that he fought for against the Amorites. ()", "Answer: Judah saw an opportunity to make some money without soiling their hands with their brother's blood and suggested selling Joseph to a passing caravan traveling down to Egypt. The brother's followed Judah's plan.", "Two generations later, God used the descendants of Ishmael to save the Jewish nation. Isaac's grandsons sold their brother Joseph into slavery to Ishmaelite traders. They took Joseph to Egypt and sold him again. Joseph eventually rose to become second in command of the entire country and saved his father and brothers during a great famine." ]

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[ "It's not certain why the bird is named petrel. One unsubstantiated theory is that it is named after St Peter who walked on water in the Gospel of Matthew. The petrel's habit of flying low over water with legs extended gives the appearance that it's walking on the water.]", "Several species of petrel in a wide ranging group of families can be found in the Antarctic. Most petrels have a skittering, skimming-type flight; hence their name, which means 'Little Peter\" for the Apostle who walked on the water with Christ on the Sea of Galilee. All petrel species have dense plumage, webbed feet and deeply grooved and hooked bills. Many species breed in dense colonies on cliffs and steep rocky slopes, some of them 60 miles or more from the open sea on inland nunataks and mountain ranges. Petrels typically have long nostrils, indicating a strong sense of smell, unusual for birds. On human-inhabited islands, cats and rats have severely reduced some populations of diving and burrowing petrels although most petrel species can regurgitate their stomach oil as a defence mechanism against predators.", "Like other Procellariiformes, storm-petrels are long-lived for being small birds; some individuals have lived for over thirty years. They are also highly nocturnal when coming to land to avoid depredation by large gulls. The name “petrel” is thought to have been derived from the name “Peter,” and is an allusion between the story of that Christian saint walking on water and the birds’ doing the same thing while foraging.", "Pope Gregory I said that the cock (rooster) \"was the most suitable emblem of Christianity\", being \"the emblem of St Peter\".[http://www.google.com/search?tbm", "Though the Evangelists call Peter rather interchangeably either Simon, or Peter, or Simon Peter, these same inspired authors consistently record Jesus as addressing Simon Peter as merely \"Simon.\" The single exception in all of the gospels, found in Luke, is Jesus's prophecy at the Last Supper that Peter will deny him three times that night. \"I tell you, Peter, the cock will not crow this day, until you three times deny that you know me\" (Lk 22:34). Is Jesus perhaps reminding Peter of the exalted vocation he has been given, making his betrayal all the more grievous?", "*Eagle. - So is generally rendered the Hebrew, néshér, but there is a doubt as to whether the eagle or some kind of vulture is intended. It seems even probable that the Hebrews did not distinguish very carefully these different large birds of prey, and that all are spoken of as though they were of one kind. Anyway, four species of eagles are known to live in Israel: aquila chrysœtos, aquila nœvia, aquila heliaca, and circœtos gallicus. Many allusions are made to the eagle in the Bible: its inhabiting the dizziest cliffs for nesting, its keen sight, its habit of congregating to feed on the slain, its swiftness, its longevity, its remarkable care in training its young, are often referred to (see in particular Job 39:27-30). When the relations of Israel with their neighbours became more frequent, the eagle became, under the pen of the Jewish prophets and poets, an emblem first of the Assyrian, then of the Babylonian, and finally of the Persian kings.", "On the northeastern shore of the Sea of Galilee, you'll find the ancient fishing village of Bethsaida , the traditional home of Jesus' apostles Peter and Andrew. In this area, the Jordan River and several streams from the Golan Heights form a marshy delta that is home to a large variety of animals and birds, especially water-fowl.", "The larger American Robin (Turdus migratorius) is named for its similarity to the European Robin, but the two birds are not closely related. The similarity lies largely in the orange chest patch in both species. This American species was incorrectly shown \"feathering its nest\" in London in the film Mary Poppins , [17] but it only occurs in the UK as a very rare vagrant. [18] Some Central and South American Turdus thrushes are also named as robins such as the Mountain Robin (T. plebejus). [19] The Australian \"robin redbreast\", more correctly the Scarlet Robin (Petroica multicolor), is more closely related to the crows and jays than it is to the European Robin. It belongs to the family Petroicidae , commonly called \"Australasian robins\". The Red-billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) is sometimes named \"Pekin Robin\" by aviculturalists . Yet another group of Old World Flycatchers, this time from Africa and Asia is the genus Copsychus; its members are known as Magpie-robins , one of which, the Oriental Magpie Robin (C. saularis), is the national bird of Bangladesh.", "While Peter's chief feast day is June 29, he is also honored on February 22 and November 18. In liturgical art, he is depicted as an elderly man holding a key and a book. His symbols include an inverted cross, a boat, and the cock.", "Peter the Apostle (St. Peter) St. Peter’s name was Simon when he initially met Jesus, who renamed him Cephas (“rock”); the Latinized version of this name is Peter. In the New Testament gospels Jesus seems to have had a special preference for Peter, who appears at certain key episodes in Jesus’ story. Famously, the New Testament has Jesus turning to Peter saying, “Upon this rock I will build my Church.”", "The Rock Pigeon (Columba livia), is a member of the bird family Columbidae, doves and pigeons. The bird is also known by the names of feral pigeon or domestic pigeon. In common usage, this bird is often simply referred to as the \"pigeon\". The species was commonly known as Rock Dove until the British Ornithologists' Union and the American Ornithologists' Union changed the official English name of the bird in their regions to Rock Pigeon.", "5. Peter: Peter was one of the most prominent of the twelve Apostles. He was also a fisherman and brother to another of the twelve who's name was Andrew. Peter was also referred to at times as Simeon (Acts 15:14) along with Cephos and Simon (John 1:43). Peter was a part of Jesus inner circle of disciples and remains an important person throughout the early church history. Peter is credited with authoring the two Epistles which bear his name and as being the likely source for Mark's Gospel.", "Saint Peter was one of the Twelve Apostles , chosen by Jesus as one of his first disciples. He is prominently featured in the New Testament Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles . Peter was a Galilean fisherman assigned a leadership role by Jesus. (Matthew 16:18) He was with Jesus during events witnessed by only a few apostles, such as the Transfiguration. Early Christian writers provided more details about his life. Tradition describes him as the first bishop of Rome, author of two canonical epistles, and a martyr under Nero, crucified head down and buried in Rome. His memoirs are traditionally cited as the source of the Gospel of Mark.", "St. Peter is mentioned so often in the New Testament-in the Gospels, in the Acts of the Apostles, and in the Epistles of St. Paul-that we feel we know him better than any other person who figured prominently in the life of the Saviour. In all, his name appears 182 times. We have no knowledge of him prior to his conversion, save that he was a Galilean fisherman, from the village of Bethsaida or Capernaum. There is some evidence for supposing that Peter's brother Andrew and possibly Peter himself were followers of John the Baptist, and were therefore prepared for the appearance of the Messiah in their midst. We picture Peter as a shrewd and simple man, of great power for good, but now and again afflicted by sudden weakness and doubt, at least at the outset of his discipleship. After the death of the Saviour he manifested his primacy among the Apostles by his courage and strength. He was \"the Rock\" on which the Church was founded. It is perhaps Peter's capacity for growth that makes his story so inspiring to other erring humans. He reached the lowest depths on the night when he denied the Lord, then began the climb upward, to become bishop of Rome, martyr, and, finally, \"keeper of the keys of Heaven.\"", "Peter was one of the original 12 apostles chosen By Christ. Peter, along with the Apostle John , played a prominent role in the early Christian church.", "PETER \"rock\" (Greek). The biblical apostle Simon was called Peter by Jesus because he was to be the rock upon which the Christian church was to be built. Peter the Great was a czar of Russia.", "Peter's Basilica, where Pope Paul VI announced the excavated discovery of a first-century Roman cemetery in 1968. Names and etymologies[edit] New Testament account[edit] Peter was a fisherman in Bethsaida. \"Rock\" dialogue[edit] James, son of Zebedee. In the New Testament[edit] The son of Zebedee and Salome, James is styled \"the Greater\" to distinguish him from the Apostle James \"the Less\", who was probably shorter of stature. We know nothing of St. James's early life. Philip the Apostle. Philip the Apostle (Greek: Φίλιππος, Philippos) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Later Christian traditions describe Philip as the apostle who preached in Greece, Syria, and Phrygia.", "Peter was a fisherman who was called to be a disciple by Jesus at the start of his ministry. This took place at the Sea of Galilee according to the first three Gospels, or in Judea according to the Gospel of John. Peter's original name was Simeon or Simon, and he is also referred to in John's Gospel as \"Simon, son of John\". His brother Andrew was also a disciple.", "Peter was the leader of the early church. He appointed Matthias as an apostle to replace Judas. Peter allowed non-Jews to join the church without first having to convert to Judaism. He was arrested and imprisoned by Herod Agrippa I around AD44. An angel released him from his chains and he escaped. Christian tradition says that Peter went to Rome and founded a church, which became the Roman Catholic Church, but this is not directly stated in the Bible. Peter is considered to be the first Pope.", "\"Acknowledging Jesus as The Christ illustrates the appropriateness of Simon's nickname 'Peter' (Petros=rock). This is not the first time Simon has been called Peter (cf. John 1:42 [wherein he is called Cephas]), but it is certainly the most famous. Jesus' declaration, 'You are Peter,' parallels Peter's confession, 'You are the Christ,' as if to say, 'Since you can tell me who I am, I will tell you who you are.' The expression 'this rock' almost certainly refers to Peter, following immediately after his name, just as the words following 'the Christ' in v. 16 applied to Jesus. The play on words in the Greek between Peter's name (Petros) and the word 'rock' (petra) makes sense only if Peter is the rock and if Jesus is about to explain the significance of this identification.\" (Blomberg, The New American Commentary: Matthew [Broadman, 1992], page 251-252, as cited in Butler/Dahlgren/Hess, page 31-32)", "Peter was a native of Bethsaida, near Lake Tiberias. He was called Simon before meeting Jesus. He worked as a fisherman with his brother Andrew. Andrew introduced Peter to Jesus, and Jesus called Peter to become a disciple. Jesus gave Simon a new name, Cephas, or “the rock”. After becoming a disciple, Peter acknowledged Jesus as “… the Messiah, the son of the living God”. Jesus responded to Peter, “… you are Peter and upon this rock I will build my church…” Jesus also told Peter: “I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.”", "Peter is the one who defended the inclusion of the Gentiles (non-Jews) into the Christian Church at the Apostolic Council in Jerusalem.  His ministry was primarily to the Jews, as the apostle Paul's was to the Gentiles.", "St. Peter traditionally is regarded as the leader of the Twelve Disciples of Jesus. He was intimately connected with the earthly life and ministry of our Lord, and after His death tried to preserve the spiritual legacy left by Jesus to him followers. In the course of his missionary journeys, Peter founded the Church in Antioch, where the followers of Jesus were first called Christians. St. Peter is regarded by the Church as the first Bishop of Antioch, and the present-day Patriarch of Antioch is his successor in that Apostolic See.", "Peter, a brother of Andrew the First-Called, was from Bethsaida. They were the sons of Jonas, of the tribe of Simeon. They lived by the work of their hands. At the time when John the Baptist was in prison, Jesus came to the Lake of Genesarett, and finding Peter and Andrew mending their nets, He called them and they followed Him without hesitation. Peter preached the Gospel in Judea, founded the Church of Antioch and finally came to Rome.", "Most of Jesus’ twelve apostles remain largely silent in the gospels; Peter, however, is often depicted speaking. He is the first to confess that Jesus is the Messiah as well as the only one depicted actively denying Jesus later. In Acts, Peter is depicted as traveling widely to preach about Jesus. Little information about Peter is contained in these early sources, but Christian communities filled in the gaps with other stories to fulfill theological and communal purposes. Because Peter was a model for Christian faith and activity, it was important for Christians to know about his background and personal history.", "Peter's presence in Rome is indicated in his first letter. The name \"Babylon\" is used here as a cryptic name for the city of Rome, a characteristic of writings done during times of persecution. During Peter's time (witnessed by his own martyrdom) and most New Testament times (witness the Book of Revelation--classic persecution literature), Rome took on the characteristics of the most outstanding example of a world power hostile to God--ancient Babylon.", "Tradition says that persecution of the first Christians in Jerusalem led Peter to Rome, where he spread the gospel to the fledgling church there. Legend has it that the Romans were going to crucify Peter, but he told them he was not worthy to be executed in the same manner as Jesus, so he was crucified upside down.", "That the manner, and therefore the place of his death, must have been known in widely extended Christian circles at the end of the first century is clear from the remark introduced into the Gospel of St. John concerning Christ's prophecy that Peter was bound to Him and would be led whither he would not — \"And this he said, signifying by what death he should glorify God \" ( John 21:18-19 , see above). Such a remark presupposes in the readers of the Fourth Gospel a knowledge of the death of Peter.", "Funk and Wagnalls' New Encyclopedia supports this view with a proviso: \"According to the tradition he [Peter] died in Rome during the persecution of the Christians under Roman Emperor Nero, WHICH, IF ACCURATE, would place the time of his death in the year 64.\" (Vol. 18, article \"Peter,\" p. 465).", "Local church leaders could be called either elders or overseers, without a clear distinction between the terms. Overseers is the translation from the Greek term episkopoi, which could also mean bishop. Iraeneus clearly states that Linus was first bishop of Rome - not Peter. He even names the first twelve bishops of Rome, but Peter is not in the list:", "Nearly 400 different kinds of birds can be found in the region of Israel, of which about 25 are found only in Israel. Birds are mentioned widely throughout The Bible , with literal and metaphorical usage. Some of the most common -", "Here we see Jesus beginning to call His apostles. What was Peter's response to Jesus' call:" ]

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[ "Verse 1. - And Sarah was an hundred and seven and twenty years old (literally, and the lives of Sarah were an hundred and twenty and seven years); so that Isaac must have been thirty-seven, having been born in his mother's ninetieth year. Sarah, as the wife of Abraham and the mother of believers ( Isaiah 51:2 ; 1 Peter 3:6 ), is the only woman whose age is mentioned in Scripture. These were the years of the life of Sarah - an emphatic repetition designed to impress the Israelitish mind with the importance of remembering the age of their ancestress.", "Sarah is the only woman whose specific age is stated in Scripture. A girl’s approximate age is given us in the gospels. The only daughter of Jairus whom Jesus raised from the dead was “about 12 years of age” ( Luke 8:42 ). Sarah called herself old when she was 87 ( Genesis 18:12 ), but she was 127 years of age when she died. Abraham had reached the patriarchal age of 175 when God called him home. Godliness has always been favorable to longevity. The “good old age” ( Genesis 15:15 ) was a signal proof of the faithfulness of the Lord. When the Countess of Huntingdon came to die she said, “My work is done, and I have nothing to do but to go to my Father.” Surely the same contentment was experienced both by Sarah and Abraham who were not satiated with life, but satisfied with it. Abraham lived for another 38 years after Sarah’s death before his God-given task was completed.", "Sarah is the only woman whose age is recorded in Scripture. She meets with this distinction as the wife of Abraham and the mother of the promised seed. \"A hundred and twenty and seven years,\" and therefore thirty-seven years after the birth of her son. \"In Kiriatharba.\" Arba is called the father of Anak Joshua 15:13 ; Joshua 21:11 ; that is, of the Anakim or Bene Anak, a tall or gigantic tribe Numbers 13:22 ; 28; 33, who were subsequently dispossessed by Kaleb. The Anakim were probably Hittites. Abraham had been absent from Hebron, which is also called Mamre in this very chapter Genesis 23:17 , Genesis 23:19 , not far from forty years, though he appears to have still kept up a connection with it, and had at present a residence in it. During this interval the sway of Arba may have commenced. \"In the land of Kenaan,\" in contradistinction to Beer-sheba in the land of the Philistines, where we last left Abraham. \"Abraham went to mourn for Sarah,\" either from Beer-sheba or some out-field where he had cattle pasturing.", "1. Sarah was an hundred and seven and twenty years old, &c.—Sarah is the only woman in Scripture whose age, death, and burial are mentioned, probably to do honor to the venerable mother of the Hebrew people.Sarah’s age and death; Abraham mourns, Genesis 23:1 ,2. He speaks to the sons of Heth for a burying-place, Genesis 23:3 ,4. They offer him the choice of their sepulchres, Genesis 23:5 ,6. Abraham desires to purchase a field of Ephron, Genesis 23:8 ,9. Ephron would give it him, Genesis 23:10-15 . Abraham purchases it, and weighs the silver, Genesis 23:16 . The field made sure to Abraham for a possession before witnesses, Genesis 23:17-20 .", "The following info provides a concise biography with facts and information about Sarah: the wife and at the same time the half-sister of Abraham (Genesis 11:29; 20:12). This name was given to her at the time that it was announced to Abraham that she should be the mother of the promised child. Her story is from her marriage identified with that of the patriarch till the time of her death. Her death, at the age of one hundred and twenty-seven years (the only instance in Scripture where the age of a woman is recorded), was the occasion of Abraham's purchasing the cave of Machpelah as a family burying-place.", "Jairus’ daughter is identified as a korasion in Matthew 9:24 & 25 and Mark 5:41 & 42.[2] And we are given her age. She was twelve years old (Mark 5:42; Luke 8:42). The other korasion in the New Testament is the daughter of Herodias. (See Matt. 14:1-12; Mark 6:1-29).[3] Josephus tells us that the daughter’s name was Salome.[4]", "The first piece of information the bible gives about Sarah is that she was barren. This was significant since God promised Abraham earlier that his children would become a great nation. After ten years of living in Canaan, when Sarah still had not conceived, she gave Abraham her maid, Hagar, as a concubine. Once Hagar conceived, Hagar lowered her opinion of Sarah, and Sarah began to treat her harshly. Hagar ran away and returned only after God spoke to her, blessed her and ordered her to go back to Sarah. When Abraham was 86 years old, Hagar gave birth to Ishmael.", "By the way, the biblical account of Sarah’s life doesn’t really even begin until she was already sixty-five years old. Amazingly, even at that age, her physical beauty was so remarkable that Abraham regularly assumed other powerful men would want her for their harems. And he was right. First a pharaoh, then a king, not realizing she was Abraham’s wife, had designs on obtaining her as a wife. To this day, Sarah is remembered for her legendary beauty. A famous Moslem tradition teaches that Sarah resembled Eve. (That is especially significant in light of another Moslem tradition, which says Allah gave Eve two-thirds of all beauty, and then divided what remained of beauty among all other women.) But it’s not necessary to embellish Sarah’s glamour with fables. From the biblical account alone, it is clear that she was an extraordinarily beautiful woman.", "Deborah () was a prophet of the God of the Israelites, the fourth Judge of pre-monarchic Israel, counselor, warrior, and the wife of Lapidoth according to the Book of Judges chapters 4 and 5. The only female judge mentioned in the Bible, Deborah led a successful counterattack against the forces of Jabin king of Canaan and his military commander Sisera; the narrative is recounted in chapter 4.", "Almost the last picture we have of Rebekah is when she tearfully witnessed the hasty departure of her favorite son. “A strong-minded, decisive girl had grown into an autocratic matriarch,” and ends her days a brokenhearted woman. When she died we are not told. Isaac, although much older than Rebekah, was still living when Jacob returned to Canaan over 20 years later. It is assumed that she died during Jacob’s long absence, and was buried in the cave of Machpelah near Hebron ( Genesis 49:31 ). A fitting epitaph for her grave would have been, “Died of a broken heart.” The only monument Rebekah has is to be found in the Anglican marriage service of The Book of Common Prayer where we read—", "Simeon was a righteous and devout, old holy man. It had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit that he would not die before he had seen the Lord’s Christ. Simeon had been waiting for this day, and took Jesus in his arms and praised God saying “Lord now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to thy word, for mine eyes have seen thy salvation, which thou has prepared before the face of all people; a light to lighten the Gentiles, and the glory of thy people Israel.” Simeon’s prophetic hymn is called the “Nunc Dimittis.” Mary and Joseph marvelled at those things which were spoken of him. Then Simeon blessed them and said unto Mary his mother, “This child is destined to cause the falling and rising of many in Israel, and to be a sign that will be spoken against so that the thoughts of many hearts will be revealed. And a sword will pierce your own soul too.” Simeon recognises Jesus as the Messiah but so does Anna the temple prophetess. She was an old woman aged 84, daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She had been married for only 7 years when her husband died. She more or less lived in the temple and worshipped night and day, fasting and praying.", "In , the birth of Ishmael was planned by the Patriarch Abraham's first wife, who at that time was known as Sarai. She and her husband Abram (Abraham) sought a way to have children in order to fulfill the Abrahamic covenant that was established in . Since Sarai was 75 years old and had yet to bear Abraham a child, her idea was to offer her Egyptian handmaiden Hagar to Abraham, so that they could have a child by her. So Sarai, Abraham's wife, took her Egyptian maidservant Hagar and gave her to her husband to be his wife in order to conceive a child when he was in his late 85th year of age. Customs of that time dictated that, although Hagar was the birth mother, any child conceived would belong to Sarai and Abram (Sarah and Abraham). ", "Our principal internal evidence revolves around the series of references to the Shunemite woman and her son. In the first instance related in the chapter subsequent to the Moabite campaign, Elisha told her that she would bear a son in a year's time, which she did (2 Kings 4:8-17). The youth's age at the time is not stated; the text simply reads \"when the child had grown . . .\" (v. 18) and mentions that he could walk and talk, that his father carried him, and his mother comforted him on her lap. The woman and her son reappear in 2 Kings 8:l-16, when they returned home after a 7-year sojourn in the land of the Philistines because of the famine.", "God made the promise of a child to Abraham and Sarah when they were 100 and 90 years old respectively. When Abraham heard God’s promise, he laughed, being such an old man (Genesis 17:17). The same happened later when Sarah heard the promise as well (Genesis 18:9-15). Later, when Isaac was born, his name was recognized as meaning laughter:", "And Sarah was an hundred and seven and twenty years old,.... This following immediately upon the account of the offering up of Isaac, led many of the Jewish writers to conclude, that Isaac was when thirty seven years of age, as he must be when Sarah his mother was one hundred and twenty seven, for he was born when she was ninety years of age; but this seems not to be observed on that account, but to give the sum of her age at her death, since it follows:", "It is difficult to pin down Dinah's age at this point, but she was probably thirteen or fourteen years old. Most commentators agree on this, though some think she was as old as her late teens. By following the timeline of Jacob's journey, service to Laban, and return to Canaan, the evidence points to a young girl of around thirteen. Some thirteen-year-old girls look and act like streetwalkers, yet other girls of that age still play with dolls.", "The person in the Bible who lived the longest was Methuselah who in Genesis 5:27 is said to have lived to an astounding 969 years old, although, that was still only a few more years than Jared who lived to 962 ( Genesis 5:20 ). In Genesis 6:1-3 the Bible says that mankind's life is (without godly intervention) 120 years, but Psalm 90:10 says that Human life proceeds to 70 years old, or \"even\" through strength to 80. The Bible, especially in Genesis, describes many people living for hundreds and hundreds of years, although, rarely is there any detail to flesh out what those people done for all that time - their lists of wives and children are comparable to other people who lived normally long lives. Later books of the Bible make some assertions as to what allows people to live longer; Proverbs 9:10-11 and 10:27 say that fearing God prolongs life, and Exodus 20:12 says the same of honouring your father and mother.", "The Book of Ruth (, Ashkenazi pronunciation:, Megilath Ruth, \"the Scroll of Ruth\", one of the Five Megillot) is a book of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. In the Jewish canon it is included in the third division, or the Writings (Ketuvim); in the Christian canon it is treated as a history book and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel. It is named after its central figure, Ruth the Moabitess, the great-grandmother of David.", "Although Miriam is named a prophet, nowhere in Scripture does she function in the traditional prophetic role of speaking forth the word of God. She does start a liturgical tradition. Most biblical scholars agree that Exodus 15:21 is one of the oldest texts in the Old Testament. Most also think that the original \"Song of the Sea\" is Miriam’s. Verse 19 recounts Yahweh’s deliverance of the Israelite people and the destruction of Pharaoh’s troops at the Reed Sea. In verse 20 Miriam apparently leads the women in dancing and celebrating Yahweh’s victory. However, the imperative \"sing\" [Heb: shiru] is a masculine plural form (not feminine). Since Hebrew uses masculine forms for mixed gender groups, this implies that she led all the people in celebrating their victory and worshipping Yahweh, and not just the women.", "Consider the many female leaders and prophetesses in scripture starting with Miriam (Micah 6:4)—she led during the time of Moses. In the New Testament we find Anna (Luke 2:36) and Philip’s daughters (Acts 21:9) the young prophetesses on the Day of Pentecost (Acts 2:17) and all the women who prayed and prophesied in Corinth (see 1 Corinthians 11). This is far from being an exhaustive list.", "But Abram was concerned, because he had no children and he was growing old. Abram's beloved wife, Sarai , knew that she was past child-bearing years, so she offered her maidservant, Hagar, as a wife to Abram. This was a common practice in the region at the time. According to tradition, Hagar was a daughter of Pharaoh, given to Abram during his travels in Egypt. She bore Abram a son, Ishmael, who, according to both Muslim and Jewish tradition, is the ancestor of the Arabs. ( Gen 16 )", "While there are several female entities mentioned in the Bible, we are specifically going to focus on two that are mentioned in Zechariah 5.", "   Muhammad had but one wife (actually she proposed to him) while she lived; after she died, he took many wives, some widows, in order to provide for them. Aisha was the daughter of Abu Bakr who made the marriage contract when she was 6 and he 50. Tribal and other alliances then were similar to European Christian practices. She was not present at the marriage contract and the wedding itself when she was 9 and then consummation with evidence of puberty, which indicates an age beyond childhood. ", "The Hebrew Bible states Methuselah as the oldest person to ever live. He was said to have lived a whopping 969 years and his name today symbolises great age! This bottle contains 6 litres and will fill 64 glasses", "If we back down Shem’s (and Japheth’s) fathering age to the very earliest had among their predecessors (65 years old), that leaves 43 years for the daughters.  Having Shem’s daughters marry at the age of 43 comes across unlikely since their husbands presumably got married at a mean age of 2.4 times as old (unless there was a consistent and significant gap between marriage and filius primus, which is doubtful).", "Time to break out your Bible, Mr. Perkins! Abraham had two wives, Sarah and her handmaiden Hagar. King Solomon had 700 wives, plus 300 concubines and slaves. Jacob, the patriarch who gives Israel its name, had two wives and two concubines. In a humanist vein, Exodus 21:10 warns that when men take additional wives, they must still provide for their previous one. (Exodus 21:16 adds that if a man seduces a virgin and has sex with her, he has to marry her, too.)", "Methuselah [192] \"Man of the dart/spear\", or alternatively \"his death shall bring judgment\" is the man in the Hebrew Bible reported to have lived the longest. Extra-biblical tradition maintains that he died on the 11th of Cheshvan of the year 1656 (Anno Mundi, after Creation), at the age of 969, seven days before the beginning of the Great Flood. Methuselah was the son of Enoch and the grandfather of Noah.", "Did you know Ruth, the most famous woman in the Old Testament, was an Arab of Moabite extract—from today’s Jordan? Ruth held a Jordanian passport!", "The Bible contains some rather colorful characters, with one of the more famous Old Testament characters being Jezebel, wife of King Ahab. Did queen Jezebel really exist as the Bible says?", "She mentions that she will welcome a sixth husband when ready and points out that King Solomon had multiple wives. She also mentions that Jesus never explicitly stated any laws about virginity, and goes on to mention that people have body parts for sex and should use them accordingly. \"I pray you, telleth me, / Or where comanded he virginitee?\" Wife of Bath's Prologue, l.61-62 .", "We should note Moses was the man who wrote our life span would be around 70 – 80 years unless God blessed us with an extra strong body (Psalm 90:10) and that is still the average today 3 millennia later. So are the Genesis 1-11 ages real years or were they using a different calendar?", "Who was the oldest person in the Bible and how old was he when he died?" ]

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[ "The most commonly occurring name in the Bible is DAVID, which occurs 1,085 times. David's occurs 54 times [Philip Bennett].", "The first source for names used in Britain and throughout the English-speaking world is the Bible - male names like Adam, Benjamin, David, Jacob, Joseph and female names like Deborah, Eve, Rebecca, Ruth, Sarah. In fact, Sarah has given rise to other names - Sadie and Sally both started as pet forms of Sarah and then became names in their own right. The New Testament gave us the names of the four evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, and the apostles, principally Peter, James, Andrew, Thomas, Philip, Bartholomew, John and Simon.", "* Hebrew names, most often from the Bible, are very common in—or are elements of names used in—the historically Christian countries. Some have elements meaning \"God\", especially \"Eli\". Examples: Michael, Joshua, Daniel, Joseph, David, Adam, Samuel, Elizabeth, Hannah and Mary. There are also a handful of names in use derived from the Aramaic, particularly the names of prominent figures in the New Testament—such as Thomas, Martha and Bartholomew.", "There were women prophets in the highly patriarchal times throughout the Old Testament. The most common term for prophet in the Old Testament is nabi [ayib\"n] in the masculine form, and nab\"\"a(h) [h'ayibn] in the Hebrew feminine form, is used six times of women who performed the same task of receiving and proclaiming the message given by God. These women include Miriam, Aaron and Moses' sister, Deborah, the prophet Isaiah's wife, and Huldah, the one who interpreted the Book of the Law discovered in the temple during the days of Josiah. There were false prophetesses just as there were false prophets. The prophetess Noadiah was among those who tried to intimidate Nehemiah. Apparently they held equal rank in prophesying right along with Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Elisha, Aaron, and Samuel.", "Moses is the prototype for all the men of God that we read a bout in the rest of the Old Testament and on into the New. The Gospel writers, especially St. Matthew, describe Jesus as a \"new Moses,\" a new leader and king, savior and deliverer, teacher, wonderworker and suffering prophet.", "Esau (; Hebrew: ; Standard Hebrew: Esav; Tiberian Hebrew: ʿĒśāw; ISO 259-3 ʕeśaw; Hēsau; ‘Īsaw; meaning \"Hairy\"Easton, M. Illustrated Bible Dictionary, (ISBN 1596059478, ISBN 978-1-59605-947-4 ), 2006, p.236 or \"Rough\"), in the Hebrew Bible, is the older son of Isaac. He is mentioned in the Book of Genesis, and by the prophets, Obadiah and Malachi. The New Testament of the Christian Bible alludes to him in the Epistle to the Romans and in the Epistle to the Hebrews. ", "In the New Testament, St. Peter’s name appears more times than all the other apostles combined. He is listed 191 times (162 as Peter or Simon Peter, 23 as Simon, and 6 as Cephas). The rest of the apostles together come to a grand total of only 130. And St. Peter’s name is always listed first, with the sole exception of Galatians 2:9, which is the proverbial exception that proves the rule.", "In a Christian context, Jacob – James as reduced English form – is the name for several people in the New Testament: (1) apostle James, son of Zebedee, (2) another apostle James, son of Alphaeus, and (3) James the Just, who led the original Messianic Community in Jerusalem.", "Eemark 2.—Matthew begins, like another Tora, with the words, \" The book of the generation of Jesus Christ.\" The wonderful name Christ is first added to the proper name Jesus after He had shown Himself to be the divinely consecrated king whom the Old Testament predicted (Acts ii. 26). But the evangelists write the double name Jesus Christ above the portals of their Gospels (Mark i. 1; John i. 17) as an anagram or emblem of the entire following history, similarly as the Tora stamps the name Jehovah Elohim as such an anagram upon the entrance of the sacred history. The name Jesus was in the post-exilic time a common Jewish name: J^ is equivalent to yEnrv, for which reason the Septuagint transcribes the name of Joshua as 'Iyo-ovs. It is characteristic—", "In the Greek New Testament, Judas is called Ὶούδας Ὶσκάριωθ or Ὶσκαριώτης. \"Judas\" (spelled \"Ioudas\" (Ιούδαι) in ancient Greek and \"Iudas\" in Latin, pronounced yudas in both) is the Greek form of the common name Judah (יהודה, Yehûdâh, Hebrew for \"God is praised\"). The Greek spelling underlies other names in the New Testament that are traditionally rendered differently in English: Judah and Jude.", "JOHN \"the Lord has favored\" (Hebrew). John is the name of two important New Testament characters. The first was John the Baptist. The second was the apostle John, brother of the apostle James, who was also supposedly the author of the fourth Gospel and Revelation in the New Testament. The name was borne by 23 popes. Also, the name of rulers of Hungary, Poland, Portugal and France. This has been the most popular of male Christian names.", "The descendants of Esau (Edom) became known as Edomites, and the descendants of Jacob (Israel) became known as Israelites. Jacob fathered 12 sons which became the twelve tribes of Israel. Those who interchange the words \"Jew\" and Israelite, call Abraham a Jew, though Abraham was not an Israelite or a Jew. The word \"Jew\" is not used in the Bible until nearly 1,000 years after Abraham. One of Jacob's (Israel's) children was Judah (Hebrew \"Yehudah\"). His descendants were called Yehudim (\"Judahites\"). In Greek the name is Ioudaioi (\"Judeans\"). Most all Bible translations use the word \"Jew,\" which is a modern, shortened form of the word \"Judahite.\" A \"Jew\" in the Old Testament would be a \"Judahite;\" and a \"Jew\" in the New Testament would be a \"Judean.\"", "Throughout the Old Testament, God's people are referred to as; \"Sons of Israel\"; \"Children of Israel\"; \"House of Jacob\"; \"House of Israel\"; \"Israel\".", "In the Old Testament the high priest had the names of the twelve tribes of Israel inscribed upon the stones carried upon his breast, symbolic of the fact that whenever he appeared before God he was a mediator representing the entire twelve tribes of Israel. Here is a name that belongs to the individual. Some consider it to be that of Jehovah, the unspoken name of God in the Old Testament. Others have regarded it as a personal name indicating their own enrollment in heaven. Whatever its character, the name symbolizes the personal heritage of the glories that are beyond this world and the assurance of eternal salvation. Christians in this modern day as well as Christians in the church at Pergamos are reminded by this Scripture that it is God’s purpose to separate them from all evil and compromise and to have them as His peculiar inheritance throughout eternity. However difficult their lot in this life, they are assured infinite blessing in the life to come.", "A Jewish tradition suggests that there were twice as many prophets as the number which left Egypt, which would make 1,200,000 prophets. The Talmud recognizes the existence of 48 male prophets who bequeathed permanent messages to mankind. According to the Talmud there were also seven women who are counted as prophets whose message bears relevance for all generations: Sarah, Miriam, Devorah, Hannah (mother of the prophet Samuel), Abigail (a wife of King David), Huldah (from the time of Jeremiah), and Esther. Rashi points out that Rebecca, Rachel and Leah were also prophets. ", "Form of the name of the Christian evangelist, author of the first gospel in the New Testament. His name is a form of the Hebrew name Mattathia, meaning \"gift of God,\" which is fairly common in the Old Testament.", "The main argument used by those who favor the Septuagint text is that this is the one that was used during the first century AD; it is the Bible that Jesus read, and that the New Testament writers must have used when they quoted from Old Testament verses; this shows up in a number of spots. For example, in Luke's genealogy of Jesus (Luke 3:36), the name Cainan appears between Arphaxad and Shelah; this name is shown in Genesis 11 in the Septuagint version but not in the others. However, it's not in the short list given in I-Chronicles 1 in either the Septuagint or Masoretic. It's even missing in Genesis 11 in some of the older Septuagint manuscripts. This name is probably the result of a copyist's error, possibly in one of the early Luke manuscripts. Scholars still debate the source of this discrepancy.", "In its general framework, the Old Testament is the account of God's dealing with the Hebrews as his chosen people. The first six books of the Old Testament narrate how the Israelites became a people and settled in the Promised Land. The following seven books continue their story in the Promised Land, describing the establishment and development of the monarchy and the messages of the prophets. The last 11 books contain poetry, theology, and some additional historical works. The term Old Testament was devised by a Christian, Melito of Sardis, about AD 170 to distinguish this part of the Bible from the later New Testament.", "A typical Jew in Jesus' time had only one name, sometimes supplemented with the father's name or the individual's hometown. Thus, in the New Testament, Jesus is commonly referred to as \"Jesus of Nazareth\" (e.g., Mark 10:47). Jesus' neighbors in Nazareth refer to him as \"the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon\" (Mark 6:3), \"the carpenter's son\" (Matthew 13:55), or \"Joseph's son\" (Luke 4:22). In John, the disciple Philip refers to him as \"Jesus son of Joseph from Nazareth\" (John 1:45).", "The most often repeated reference in the Book of Ruth is not to the three main characters, Naomi, Ruth or Boaz.� The most often repeated reference is to someone who neither speaks nor is seen.� It is the God of Israel who is primary actor in the drama.� He is the force behind the events, and He drives those events according to His will for the sake of salvation history.� God is mentioned an amazing twenty-three times in eighty-five verses!� Of those times, the Divine Name YHWH is written eighteen times, the title Shaddai (Almighty?) is used for God twice, and the word Elohim (god plural) is used for Yahweh God of Israel three times (as YHWH-Elohim in Rt 2:12 ). 3 )", "The names Land of Israel and Children of Israel have historically been used to refer to the biblical Kingdom of Israel and the entire Jewish people respectively. The name \"Israel\" (Standard Yisraʾel, Isrāʾīl; Septuagint Israēl; 'El(God) persists/rules' though, after Hosea 12:4 often interpreted as \"struggle with God\" ) in these phrases refers to the patriarch Jacob who, according to the Hebrew Bible, was given the name after he successfully wrestled with the angel of the Lord. Jacob's twelve sons became the ancestors of the Israelites, also known as the Twelve Tribes of Israel or Children of Israel. Jacob and his sons had lived in Canaan but were forced by famine to go into Egypt for four generations, lasting 430 years, until Moses, a great-great grandson of Jacob, led the Israelites back into Canaan during the \"Exodus\". The earliest known archaeological artifact to mention the word \"Israel\" is the Merneptah Stele of ancient Egypt (dated to the late 13th century BCE). ", "Some Christians see even more in these first three words of the Bible. The first letter of the sentence, bet ב, is the first letter of ben (son). The second letter of the sentence, resh ר, is the first letter of ruach (spirit, breath). The third letter of the sentence, alef א, is the first letter of abba (father) and of the third word, Elohim (אלהים). Father, Son, and Spirit, with the third word of the sentence being \"God.\" Also, the name. Elohim אלהים, is a plural form and the first letter, א, in its simplest form consists of three strokes.", "        However, in the New Testament Herod's daughter is not named. Then why is it that everyone who's heard the story knows the name Salome?", "Old Testament (the collection of books comprising the sacred scripture of the Hebrews and recording their history as the chosen people; the first half of the Christian Bible)", "Enoch (; ; ʼIdrīs) is a figure in Biblical literature. \"In the seventh generation from Adam,\" he was considered the author of the Book of Enoch and also called Enoch the scribe of judgment. In addition to an appearance in the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible, Enoch is the subject of many Jewish and Christian writings.", "The New Testament consists of 27 books believed to have been written by eight inspired men of God. [I use the term \"believed to have been written\" because no one knows for certain who wrote the book of Hebrews.] The known writers of the New Testament are:", "With the Names of God interactive, you can find every name used to refer to God and where each occurs in the Old and New Testaments.", "This Memorial Name, explained in Ex. iii. 14,15 and emphasized as such over and over in the original text of the Old Testament, designates God as the Personal God, as the covenant God, the God of Revelation, the Deliverer, the Friend of his people; --- not merely the abstractly \"Eternal One\" of many French translations, but the ever living Helper of those who are in trouble. This personal name, with its wealth of sacred associations, is now restored to the place in the sacred text to which it has an unquestionable claim.\"", "The authorship of the New Testament was traditionally attributed to legendary figures from early Christianity . Following Jewish tradition of pseudepigraphic works, [2] an anonymous writer would \"speak\" in the name of a historical figure.", "The Bible is full of name changes, or more properly stated � many of the people and places are given new names that more aptly reflect their character or some event.", "Answer: He is only named in the Old Testament in the Book of Daniel in Dan 8:16 and 9:21 .", "The writers of the Bible were scholars, doctors, kings, prophets, priests, fishermen, businessmen, farmers, shepherds, carpenters, and officials. They were all good men who had these things in common:" ]

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[ "The New Testament was originally written in Greek. This is what I have been taught and believed as long as I have been a Christian. But there are some who claim the New Testament was originally written in Aramaic. This would mean the Greek manuscripts are just translations of this Aramaic original. This two-part article will look at this and related claims.", "Koine (“common”) Greek is the original language of the New Testament. Koine Greek had been a dead language for over a thousand years when the KJV was published for the first time in 1611. The KJV translators of the New Testament were scholars of Classical Greek, but they didn’t even know what Koine Greek was. Some believed that the Greek language of the NT was a unique, Spirit-inspired dialect.[5] It was not until the late 1800s and early 1900s, when tens of thousands of papyri documents were discovered, many written in Koine, that we could begin to understand the language more fully.[6] Unlike the translators of the KJV, modern translators of the New Testament are scholars of Koine Greek.", "It is generally agreed that the books of the New Testament were originally written in Greek, the scholarly language current at the time, and divided into chapters and verses. It is possible that a few books of the New Testament were originally written in Aramaic, a dialect popular among the Jews of Palestine, and most likely the language that Jesus himself spoke.", "ORIGINAL LANGUAGE: The mainstream consensus is that the New Testament was written in a form of Koine Greek, which was the common language of the Eastern Mediterranean from the Conquests of Alexander the Great (335–323 BC) until the evolution of Byzantine Greek (c. 600). HISTORIC EDITIONS: The original autographs, that is, the original Greek writings and manuscripts written by the original authors of the New Testament, have not survived.", "It is most important that we read a Bible that we can understand. The New Testament was originally written in common, everyday Greek—a language that almost everyone in the Roman Empire (the world of the New Testament) could easily understand. We need modern English translations of the Bible that modern audiences can easily understand.", "The New Testament, however, was written in Greek. This seems strange, since you might think it would be either Hebrew or Aramaic. However, Greek was the language of scholarship during the years of the composition of the New Testament from 50 to 100 AD. The fact is that many Jews could not even read Hebrew anymore, and this disturbed the Jewish leaders a lot! So, around 300 BC a translation of the Old Testament from Hebrew into Greek was undertaken, and it was completed around 200 BC. Gradually this Greek translation of the Old Testament, called the Septuagint, was widely accepted and was even used in many synagogues. It also became a wonderful missionary tool for the early Christians, for now the Greeks could read God’s Word in their own tongue.", "A very small minority believe that most or all of the New Testament was originally written in Aramaic. However, such theories are rejected by mainstream Biblical scholarship. Traditionally, parts of the Church of the East (Nestorian church) have also claimed originality for the Aramaic New Testament, but it is considered by scholars to be a translation from Greek. Instead, the consensus among mainstream academia is that although it is possible that there may be Aramaic source materials that underpin some portions of the New Testament, the New Testament was compiled and redacted in the Greek language. Scholars are also in agreement that there was at one time an early Aramaic/Hebrew version of a Jewish-Christian gospel, but its relation to the Greek gospels is not completely clear because of a lack of sources.", "The New Testament was written in Greek, and so the name of the Lamb of God, the Lion of the Tribe of Judah my Lord and my God would have been written in the original manuscripts as Ιησους(Iēso�s) Χριστος(Christ�s), and read as such in the early Church.", "The New Testament was written in Greek, and so the name of the Lamb of God, the Lion of the Tribe of Judah my Lord and my God would have been written in the original manuscripts as Ιησους(Iēso�s) Χριστος(Christ�s), read in the early Church.", "No original manuscript by the author of a biblical book has yet been uncovered! Koine Greek was the language used by writers of the Old Testament Greek Septuagint and the Greek New Testament. The original Greek New Testament was written in all capital letters, without spaces, punctuation, accents or diacritical marks.", "The New Testament is written in Greek. Greek was certainly widespread in Galilee and Judea in Jesus' time. Could Jesus have actually spoken Greek?", "It appears that the earliest documents concerning Jesus were written works, taken down by his disciples after his death. Their language was early Rabbinic Hebrew with strong undercurrents of Biblical Hebrew. Even in [those books] of the New Testament which were originally composed in Greek, such as the Pauline Epistles, there are clear traces of the Hebrew language; and the terminology in those books of the New Testament which were composed in Greek is often intelligible only when we know the original Hebrew terms. In these books, we can trace the influence of the Greek translation of the Bible side by side with the influence of the Hebrew original. (Jewish Sources in Early Christianity, Adama Books)", "Most biblical scholars adhere to the view that the Greek text of the New Testament is the original version. However, there does exist an alternative view which maintains that it is a translation from an Aramaic original, a position known as Peshitta Primacy (also known in primarily non-scholarly circles as \"Aramaic primacy\"). Although this view has its adherents, the vast majority of scholars dispute this position citing linguistic, historical, and textual inconsistencies. At any rate, since most of the texts are written by diaspora Jews such as Paul of Tarsus and his possibly Gentile companion, Luke, and to a large extent addressed directly to Christian communities in Greek-speaking cities (often communities consisting largely of Paul's converts, which appear to have been non-Jewish in the majority), and since the style of their Greek is impeccable, a Greek original is more probable than a translation.", "     When they say the New Testament (NEW COVENANT) was written from the ORIGINAL GREEK, it was from Erasmus's Greek New Testament written in the 1500's.", "Was the new testament written originally in aramiac? - Aramaic Thoughts - Language Studies - StudyLight.org", "���� I am willing to concede that some of the books of the NT might have been written originally in Greek, particularly when they were written to Gentile audiences, such the epistles to the Corinthians or to the Galatians. Greek was still very much an international language, as a result of the Greek conquest of much of southern", "Jesus probably spoke Aramaic which was the common language spoken in Palestine. Some words in the New Testament are Aramaic. Originally the gospel of Matthew was probably written in Aramaic.", "In addition, many of the early \"church fathers\" also acknowledged that the statements of Jesus recorded in the gospels were in Hebrew.  For example, Papias, a second century Church father, is quoted by the historian Eusebius: \"Matthew collected the oracles in the Hebrew language, and each interpreted them as best he could\" (Ecclesiastical History, III,39,1), and Iraneus (c. 200 AD) wrote: \"Matthew issued a written Gospel among the Hebrews in their own dialect.\" Later, the famous translator Jerome wrote about a Hebrew Gospel he used to translate the Scriptures into Latin (De vir. ill., II). More recent scholarship by Dr. Robert Lindsey and others now indicates a Hebrew structure to the basic Greek New Testament (i.e., Hebrew syntax embedded within the Greek text). The thought patterns behind the New Testament are Hebraic -- not Aramaic or Greek. The scattered Aramaic words found in the New Testament are either loan words or are simply poorly transliterated Hebrew words and phrases rendered into Greek.", "13. What languages was the Bible written in? The Bible was written in three languages: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Koine Greek.", "B. F. Westcott and F. J. A. Hort: The New Testament in the Original Greek. 2 vols. American edition, with an Introduction by Philip Schaff. New York. 3d ed. 1883.", "The New Testament (Koine Greek: Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, Hē Kainḕ Diathḗkē) is the second major part of the Christian biblical canon, the first part being the Old Testament, based on the Hebrew Bible. The New Testament discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity. Christians regard both the Old and New Testaments together as sacred scripture. The New Testament (in whole or in part) has frequently accompanied the spread of Christianity around the world. It reflects and serves as a source for Christian theology and morality. Both extended readings and phrases directly from the New Testament are also incorporated (along with readings from the Old Testament) into the various Christian liturgies. The New Testament has influenced religious, philosophical, and political movements in Christendom and left an indelible mark on literature, art, and music.", "Just as the Hebrew Text of the Old Testament was preserved among the Hebrew speaking Jews, so the Greek Text of the New Testament was preserved in the Greek speaking Byzantine Empire. Thus the Byzantine Text, the Traditional Text, -- 'The Greek Vulgate' and the Received Text are synonomous terms each describing the 'True Text' as it has held sway in the hearts of Christians from the earliest times. It is in fact the \"majority text\" -- the text preserved in the majority of manuscripts.", "400 B.C. The Old Testament began to be translated into Aramaic. This translation is called the Aramaic Targums. This translation helped the Jewish people, who began to speak Aramaic from the time of their captivity in Babylon, to understand the Old Testament in the language that they commonly spoke. In the first century Palestine of Jesus' day, Aramaic was still the commonly spoken language. For example maranatha: \"Our Lord has come,\" 1 Corinthians 16:22 is an example of an Aramaic word that is used in the New Testament.", "The New Testament was published in England on May 17, 1881, and three days later in the United States, after 11 years of labor. Over 30,000 changes were made, of which more than 5,000 represent differences in the Greek text from that used as the basis of the King James Version. Most of the others were made in the interests of consistency or modernization.", "As Christianity spread, these books were later translated into other languages, most notably, Latin, Syriac, and Egyptian Coptic. However, some of the Church Fathers imply or claim that Matthew was originally written in Hebrew or Aramaic, and then soon after was written in Koine Greek. Nevertheless, the Gospel of Matthew known today was composed in Greek and is neither directly dependent upon nor a translation of a text in a Semitic language. ", "the whole NT is written in Greek, but what style of Greek is used in this work?", "The Old Testament was translated into the Greek language more than two hundred years before Christ. The Scriptures are now translated into most of the languages of Europe and Asia.", "First of all, we have discovered that its authorship and cultural background are Jewish. The beginning scenes of the New Testament are centered in the land of Israel, then called Palestine, at the time of the Second Temple. Even as the focus widens from the original setting, the action takes place primarily among Jewish communities in the Diaspora. The New Testament writers, with perhaps the exception of Luke, are all Jews. The early Apostles and followers of Jesus are also Jewish.", "And as far as the New Testament itself is concerned, there are also a lot of differences between the (pieces of the) manuscripts (that in themselves were copies, maybe even of copies, of the original ones) that were used for the translations. The oldest manuscripts still in existence are from the third or fourth centuries at the earliest. These manuscripts are all different from each other and even within one and the same manuscript many changes and ‘improvements’ were made. We should realize that in the early centuries people did not have printed Bibles but handwritten copies that were passed around and copied and so on and also mistakes were made in the process.", "The earliest works that became part of the New Testament are the letters of the Apostle Paul. The earliest of the books of the New Testament was First Thessalonians, an epistle of Paul, written probably in 51, or possibly Galatians in 49 according to one of two theories of its writing. Of the epistles some consider pseudepigraphical, scholars tend to place them somewhere between 70 and 150, with Second Peter usually being the latest.", "Fourteen epistles in the New Testament are traditionally attributed to Paul, though in some cases the authorship is disputed. Paul had often employed an amanuensis, only occasionally writing himself. As a sign of authenticity, the writers of these epistles sometimes employ a passage presented as being in Paul's own handwriting. These epistles were circulated within the Christian community. They were prominent in the first New Testament canon ever proposed (by Marcion), and they were eventually included in the orthodox Christian canon of Scripture. They are believed to be the earliest-written books of the New Testament.", "Early Christians wrote many religious works, some of which were later canonized as the New Testament of today." ]

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[ "As noted above, we have very little actual population data except for the past 200 years. For the time of Christ, most demographers make an intelligent guess that the world population was between 100 and 300 million. The lower figure tends to be preferred.", "The following plot is a rough estimate of world population from the time of the Flood of Noah, until the birth of Jesus, (53 generations). For discussion purposes the population at the time of Abraham, eleven generations after the Flood, has been taken to be one million people. The population at the time of Christ was assumed to be 300 million people. The date of the Flood was taken to be about 3500 BC, based on Barry Setterfield's chronology.", "\"The evolutionist may object and say that the rate has drastically accelerated only in recent centuries. So, let us consider that the \"normal\" growth was such as to produce only the earth's population as many people have been born into the world as it was at the time of Christ, about 200 million people. This is the oldest date for which anyone has even a reasonable guess as to the population.", "The greatest extent of the empire occurred with Trajan's conquest of Dacia in 117 A.D., which gave the kingdom control of 2.5 million square miles of territory (6.5 million square kilometers). Rome is considered the third largest and most powerful of the ancient empires (behind the empires of Persia and the Han dynasty). At the time of Jesus it is believed Rome controlled a total population of 60 million people.", "The earliest extant Christian writings on the age of the world according to the Biblical chronology are by Theophilus (AD 115–181), the sixth bishop of Antioch from the Apostles, in his apologetic work To Autolycus, and by Julius Africanus (AD 200–245) in his Five Books of Chronology. Both of these early Christian writers, following the Septuagint version of the Old Testament, determined the age of the world to have been about 5,530 years at the birth of Christ. ", "We are not entirely ignorant of the world population between about 3000 BC and the time of Christ. The size and extent of ancient cities and their approximate periods of prominence are known from archaeology. Ancient historians give us some clues, and of course Christians consider the Bible to be fully accurate as it relates to Israel and the surrounding region. There is legitimate reason to speculate on the time interval between Noah and Abraham, but Abraham's day seems to have been around 2000 BC. The traditional date for the Exodus of the Jews from Egypt is approximately 1400 BC.", ": David B. Barrett's World Christian Encyclopedia (1994 update) gives an oft-cited figure of 1.9 billion Christians (or about 33% of the world population), and projected that by the year 2000 there will be 2.1 billion Christians in the world. The 2001 edition of the World Christian Encyclopedia stated there were 2.1 billion Christians in the world, or 33% of the total population. Regardless of the degree of accuracy of this figure, Christianity, if taken as a whole, is unarguably the largest world religion - the largest religion in the world. (Keep in mind that although Christianity is the world's largest religion, it is an umbrella term that comprises many different branches and denominations.)", "Roman Catholic Church  The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian Church, representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world's population. The Catholic Church is a communion of 23 Sui Juris particular churches. Among these are the Western Rite (Latin Rite) and Eastern Catholic Churches comprising 2,782 dioceses. The Church's highest earthly authority in matters of faith, morality and Church governance is the pope, who holds supreme authority over the Church in concert with the College of Bishops, of which he is the head. The community is made up of an ordained ministry and the laity; members of either group may belong to organized religious communities.", "\"As of 2010, Christianity was by far the world's largest religion, with an estimated 2.2 billion adherents, nearly a third (31 percent) of all 6.9 billion people on Earth,\" the Pew report says. \"Islam was second, with 1.6 billion adherents, or 23 percent of the global population.\"", "In 1995, David Barrett estimated there were 217 million \"Denominational Pentecostals\" throughout the world.Barrett's statistics found in Synan 1997, p. 286. In 2011, a Pew Forum study of global Christianity found that there were an estimated 279 million classical Pentecostals, making 4 percent of the total world population and 12.8 percent of the world's Christian population Pentecostal.Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life (December 19, 2011), [http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Christian/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population], p. 67. The study found \"Historically pentecostal denominations\" (a category that did not include independent Pentecostal churches) to be the largest Protestant denominational family.Pew Forum 2011, p. 70. ", "The largest country in the world, taking a whole eight of the planet’s space into its boundaries, Russia straddles continents, making it, in some sense, the largest Christian country both in Asia and Europe. Out of its population of 142,960,000, 73.3% are Christian, showing that winter might have slowed down the armies of Napoleon and Germany but not that of the Christian missionaries. Unique to this list most of Russia’s 104,750,000 Christians are members of the Orthodox tradition, making them the largest population of Orthodox Christians in the world and the only Orthodox population to make it on our 10 Largest Christian populations list, contributing 4.8% of the World’s Christians.", "The figures you’re about to read (produced by the Pew Research Centre in 2012) belie the fact that something has been – and is  – changing in the global distribution of Christians. Christianity is on the move. Since 1910, the world has changed. Super powers have come and gone, populations have boomed in America, Africa and Asia and declined significantly in Europe. Today Europe can still claim to have the most Christians, spread out over the continent, with over 558.2 million adherents to the faith residing in European nations. Yet, the continent can no longer claim to be the global centre of the faith – not with South America boasting 531.3 Christians, and their neighbours to the North claiming as many as 266.6 million. In fact, of the largest national Christian populations in the world, Europe is represented by only one country. Find out which as we set out to trace the largest Christian populations on Earth.", "By the late 20th century Christianity had become the most widely disseminated religion on earth. Virtually no nation remained unaffected by the activities of Christian missionaries, although in many countries Christians are only a small fraction of the total population. Most of the countries of Asia and of Africa have Christian minorities, some of which, as in India and even in China, number several million members. Massive increases in the size of such churches challenged the traditional dominance of Western Christianity. Each major division of Christianity— Eastern Orthodoxy , Roman Catholicism , and Protestantism —is treated in a separate article where its history, tenets, and practices receive a fuller exposition than this article can give them and where a bibliography on the denominations of the division is supplied. The purpose here is to provide an overview of the principal divisions and thus to set the articles about the individual traditions into their proper context.", "Eemark 1. — It is especially Matthew's Gospel which aims to show that Jesus, who appeared in the fulness of times, is the fuliiller of law and prophecy. The genealogy, Matt. i., divides the prehistory of Jesus Christ into forty-two generations, which form three groups. The first group begins with Abraham, for his election is the beginning of the people of promise, from whom Jesus was to be born. The second group begins with David, for David's elevation as king is the beginning of the kingdom of promise, which in Christ is to become an eternal kingdom of boundless extent. The third group begins with the age after the carrying away into captivity, for with this event the sorrowful time begins in which the kingdom of the promise, blooming again in Zerubbabel, withers, in order that in the fulness of times the ripe fruit may appear instead of the flower of preparation and promise. In reply to the question why Matthew reckons forty-two generations,—that is, three times fourteen,—perhaps Surenhusius (d. 1720) has given the right answer. The name David (~m) amounts, according to the value of its letters, to fourteen. The evangelist, therefore, appears in a secret way to have stamped the name David upon the prehistory in all its three groups.", "Christians living in the Americas make up 37% of Christians worldwide. 8 The three countries in the Americas with the largest Christian populations also have the three largest Christian populations in the world: the United States (247 million Christians), Brazil (176 million) and Mexico (108 million). The 10 countries in the Americas with the largest number of Christians collectively are home to a third (33%) of all the world’s Christians.", "Christianity started out as a breakaway sect of Judaism nearly 2000 years ago. Jesus, the son of the Virgin Mary and her husband Joseph, but conceived through the Holy Spirit, was bothered by some of the practices within his native Jewish faith and began preaching a different message of God and religion. During his travels he was joined by twelve disciples who followed him in his journeys and learned from him. He performed many miracles during this time and related many of his teachings in the form of parables. Among his best known sayings are to \"love thy neighbor\" and \"turn the other cheek.\" At one point he revealed that he was the Son of God sent to Earth to save humanity from our sins. This he did by being crucified on the cross for his teachings. He then rose from the dead and appeared to his disciples and told them to go forth and spread his message.", "Around 3 BC, the Galilean Jew Yeshua ben David is born. Around 30 AD, Yeshua declares himself the Jewish Messiah and preaches the gospel. Fearing his large following and considering him a blasphemer, the Pharisees and Sadducees team up and persuade the Romans to sentence the \"Son of God\". Eager to silence the self-proclaimed \"King of the Jews\", the Romans crucify Yeshua. According to believers, he is then resurrected. The resurrected Yeshua calls upon his twelve Jewish Apostles to baptize all the nations. The New Testament is written by them and Christianity turns from a Jewish sect into a universal religion.", "Catholics comprise 50 percent of all Christians worldwide and 16 percent of the world’s total population.", "Rodney Stark estimates that the number of Christians grew by approximately 40% a decade during the first and second centuries. This phenomenal growth rate forced Christian communities to evolve in order to adapt to their changes in the nature of their communities as well as their relationship with their political and socioeconomic environment. As the number of Christians grew, the Christian communities became larger, more numerous and farther apart geographically. The passage of time also moved some Christians farther from the original teachings of the apostles giving rise to teachings that were considered heterodox and sowing controversy and divisiveness within churches and between churches. ", "...West in the Age of the Crusades: The Dividing of Christendom? Ryan Waddell GHIST101 Professor Harding November 14, 2013 (Reviewed by Professor Harding) Christianity has played a crucial role in world history since the death of Christ. From its humble beginnings along the Sea of Galilee until its solidified spread amongst Western European nations, the religion has had its fair share of conflict. Most notable would be the...", "The projected growth of Muslims and Christians would be driven largely by the continued expansion of Africa’s population. Due to the heavy concentration of Christians and Muslims in this high-fertility region, both groups would increase as a percentage of the global population. Combined, the world’s two largest religious groups would make up more than two-thirds of the global population in 2100 (69%), up from 61% in 2050 and 55% in 2010.", "Christianity remains the dominant religion in the Western world, where 70% are Christians. A 2011 Pew Research Center survey found that 76.2% of Europeans, 73.3% in Oceania, and about 86.0% in the Americas (90% in Latin America and 77.4% in North America) described themselves as Christians. ", "Cyprus, Mesopotamia, Armenia, Asia Minor. In Cyprus, at the end of the fourth century, Epiphanius asserts against the Alogi (Hær., li, 16, 24 in P. G., XLI, 919, 931) that Christ was born on 6 January...", "If you study every religion today, it can be traced to a mortal man. The Bible records Abraham at 2,000 B.C. trusting upon the Lord, and his faith was counted for righteousness (Genesis 15:6). Christianity goes back to the beginning of time when Abel offered up a lamb to God. People in the Old Testament were saved by looking to the coming Messiah, and we are save today by looking to the same Messiah, the Christ, Who gave His precious blood for our sins.", "About half of all Christians worldwide are Catholic (50%), while more than a third are Protestant (37%). Orthodox communions comprise 12% of the world’s Christians. Other Christian groups, which make up the remaining 1%, include the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), Jehovah’s Witnesses and the Christian Science Church. (See Defining Christian Traditions .)", "More than 175 million Brazilians are Christian, making the country’s Christian population the largest outside the United States. By way of comparison, Brazil has more than twice as many Christians as Nigeria and about three times as many as Germany. Indeed, nearly one-in-twelve Christians in the world (8%) are Brazilian, and an overwhelming majority of Brazilians (90%) identify themselves as Christian.", "Rapid growth has occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, which today is home to about 171 million Catholics (16%), up from an estimated 1 million (less than 1%) in 1910. There also has been rapid growth in the vast Asia-Pacific region, where 131 million Catholics (12%) now live, up from 14 million (5%) a century ago.", "Hence, one perceives in the media that casuists are frequently transfixed by a world destined to disappear. Too often, they forget that, with Jesus, a new world has already begun. We recall this central point in human history: «The old world has passed, now a new reality is here. » (Ap 21, 5). We turn again to Saint Paul:", "The kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of his Christ; and he shall reign for ever and ever.", "early Christian leader, who is featured prominently in the New Testament Gospels and Acts of the Apostles", "CONCLUSION. The Census Tax of Augustus was acted on in Judea in 3 BC. Jesus the Messiah was probably born sometime during that year.", "It is fitting to recall, as well, that the Lord Jesus, his holy Mother, the apostles and the first Christian communities were of the race of Abraham. The roots of Christianity are in the people of Israel." ]

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[ "Solomon is a figure described in the Hebrew Bible as a King of Israel and later in the Qur'an, where he is described as a Prophet. The biblical accounts identify Solomon as the son of David.[1] He is also called Jedidiah in the Tanakh, and is described as the third king of the United Monarchy, and the final king before the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah split; following the split his patrilineal descendants ruled over Judah alone.", "Nearly all evidence for Solomon’s life and reign comes from the Bible (especially the first 11 chapters of the First Book of Kings and the first nine chapters of the Second Book of Chronicles ). According to those sources, his father was David (flourished c. 1000 bce), the poet and king who, against great odds, founded the Judaean dynasty and united all the tribes of Israel under one monarch. Solomon’s mother was Bathsheba , formerly the wife of David’s Hittite general, Uriah. She proved to be adept at court intrigue, and through her efforts, in concert with the prophet Nathan, Solomon was anointed king while David was still alive, despite the fact that he was younger than his brothers.", "King Solomon was the son of King David and God considered him to be the wisest man on Earth. Solomon lived a full and spectacular life like his father before him. He was not only the most knowledgeable man to have ever existed he was also extremely rich, very renown and one of Israel’s greatest rulers. He appears on the Biblical Timeline as king beginning in 1015 BC.", "Solomon (from Semitic root S-L-M, \"peace\") is, according to Wikipedia, a figure described in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and later in the Qur'an, where he is described as a Prophet. The biblical accounts identify Solomon as the son of David. He is also called Jedidiah in the Tanakh (Old Testament), and is described as the third king of the United Monarchy, and the final king before the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah split; following the split his patrilineal descendants ruled over Judah alone.", "Solomon was the son of King David and Bathsheba. Solomon was not the oldest son of David , but David promised Bathsheba that Solomon would be the next king. When Davids elder son Adonijah declared himself king, David ordered his servants to bring Solomon to the Gihon spring where the priest anointed him while David was still alive. Solomon inherited a considerable empire from his father.", "Solomon (1.2.96): A tenth-century-BC king of Israel famed for his wisdom and for his construction of the first temple in Jerusalem. He was the son of King David and Bathsheba. His life is recounted in the Old Testament (Chronicles, Kings, and 2 Samuel). ", "Solomon is one of those historical characters in whom fact and fantasy collide. He was conceived in illicit passion as the son of David, the shepherd boy who slew the giant Goliath and went on to become king. His mother was the beautiful Bathsheba, whom David stole from her husband, a man he murdered.", "peaceful, (Heb. Shelomoh), David's second son by Bathsheba, i.e., the first after their legal marriage ( 2Sa 12 ). He was probably born about B.C. 1035 ( 1Ch 22:5 ; 29:1 ). He succeeded his father on the throne in early manhood, probably about sixteen or eighteen years of age. Nathan, to whom his education was intrusted, called him Jedidiah, i.e., \"beloved of the Lord\" ( 2Sa 12:24 , 25 ). He was the first king of Israel \"born in the purple.\" His father chose him as his successor, passing over the claims of his elder sons: \"Assuredly Solomon my son shall reign after me.\" His history is recorded in 1 Kings 1-11 and 2 Chr. 1-9 . His elevation to the throne took place before his father's death, and was hastened on mainly by Nathan and Bathsheba, in consequence of the rebellion of Adonijah ( 1Ki 1:5-40 ). During his long reign of forty years the Hebrew monarchy gained its highest splendour. This period has well been called the \"Augustan age\" of the Jewish annals. The first half of his reign was, however, by far the brighter and more prosperous; the latter half was clouded by the idolatries into which he fell, mainly from his heathen intermarriages ( 1Ki 11:1-8 ; 14:21 , 31 ).", "Although King David fathered Solomon , one of Israel's greatest kings, he was also the father of Absalom, whose rebellion brought bloodshed and grief.", "When the people of Israel demanded a king like all the other nations (1 Samuel 8), God gave them Saul as a king. Due to Saul’s sin, he was set aside (1 Samuel 15), and David and his descendants were designated as God’s choice for a king (1 Samuel 16). David’s son, Solomon, started out as a very wise and godly king, but he failed to heed the warnings God had given in His Law concerning foreign wives. God rebuked him and told of a coming division in the kingdom (1 Kings 11:1-13). Solomon’s son, Rehoboam, foolishly rejected the advice of his senior counselors and the petition of the people. He was thus left with only the tribes of Judah and Benjamin to follow him (1 Kings 12). The wicked Jeroboam became king of the other northern tribes and quickly led Israel 109 astray.", "But Bathsheba, a wife of David and Solomon's mother, along with the prophet Nathan [a brother of Nathan] induced David to proclaim Solomon king. Adonijah fled and took refuge at the altar, and received pardon for his conduct from Solomon on the condition that he show himself \"a worthy man\". Thereafter, Adonijah asked to marry Abishag the Shunammite, but Solomon denied authorization for such an engagement, although Bathsheba now pleaded on Adonijah's behalf. He was then seized and put to death. [So much for royal pardons. One also tends to speculate upon the particular charms of Abishag the Shunammite...]", "And Jesse the father of David the king. And David was the father of Solomon by the wife of Uriah,", "Since she - Bathsheba - was already married this posed a problem, which David solved by organizing the death in battle of her husband. She entered David's harem, the baby was born, but she later gave birth to another son who became King Solomon.", "Bathsheba was a daughter of Eliam, one of David's \"thirty\" (2 Sam. 23:34; cf 1 Chr. 3:5); Eliam was the son of Ahitophel, one of David's chief advisors. Ahitophel was from Giloh (Josh. 15:51;cf 2 Sam. 15:12), a city of Judah, and thus Bathsheba was from David's own tribe and the granddaughter of one of David's closest advisors (2 Sam.15:12).\" She was the mother of Solomon, who succeeded David as king, making her the Queen Mother.", "According to tradition, Haile Selassie I was the 225th in an unbroken line of Ethiopian monarchs of the Solomonic dynasty . This dynasty is said to have been founded in the 10th century BC by Menelik I . Menelik I was son of the Biblical King Solomon and Makeda, the Queen of Sheba , who had visited Solomon in Israel. 1 Kings 10:13 claims \"And King Solomon gave unto the Queen of Sheba all her desire, whatsoever she asked, beside that which Solomon gave her of his royal bounty. So she turned and went to her own country, she and her servants.\" On the basis of the Ethiopian national epic, the Kebra Negast , Rastas interpret this verse as meaning she conceived his child.", "After David’s death (chaps. 1-2), his son Solomon became king. Chapters 1-11 trace the life and reign of Solomon, including Israel’s rise to the peak of her glory, the spread of the nation’s kingdom, and the construction of the temple and palace in Jerusalem. But in Solomon’s later years, he drifted from the Lord because of his pagan wives who wrongly influenced him and turned his heart away from the worship of God in the temple.", "1 Kings 11:43 And Solomon slept with his fathers, and was buried in the city of David his father; and Rehoboam his son reigned in his stead. (JPS)", "The Queen protested, of course, that surely the promise did not cover something so insignificant and plentiful as water, but Solomon argued that there was nothing in the world more valuable than water, for without it nothing could live. Makeda reluctantly admitted the truth of this and apologized for her mistake, begging for water for her parched throat. Solomon, now released from his promise, assuaged her thirst and his own, immediately taking the Queen as his lover.\"6 The following day as the Queen and her entourage prepared to leave Israel, the King placed a ring on her hand and stated, \"If you have a son, give this to him and send him to me.\" After returning to the land of Sheba, Queen Makeda did indeed have a son, whom she named Son-of-the-wise-man, and reared as a prince and her heir apparent to the throne. Upon reaching adulthood, the young man wished to visit his father, so the Queen prepared another entourage, this time headed by Tamrin. She sent a message to Solomon to anoint their son as king of Ethiopia and to mandate that thenceforth only the males descended from their son should rule Sheba. Solomon and the Jewish people rejoiced when his son arrived in Israel.", "Naaman was mother of Rehoboam, the king who succeeded Solomon. If she lived to see his reign, she would have been the most powerful woman in the realm, the gebira or Queen Mother. She would dominate the harem and the women within it, act as an adviser to her son, exert considerable influence at all levels of society, and possibly become a cult leader, a high priestess, in the worship of deities like Asherah.", "Trade relationships were a focus of his administration. In particular he continued his father's very profitable relationship with the Phoenician king Hiram of Tyre (see 'wealth' below); they sent out joint expeditions to the lands of Tarshish and Ophir to engage in the trade of luxury products, importing gold, silver, sandalwood, pearls, ivory, apes and peacocks. Solomon is considered the most wealthy of the Israelite kings named in the Bible.", "Rehoboam, Solomon's son, had 18 wives and 60 concubines. With them, he fathered 28 sons and 60 daughters (2 Chr 11:21).", "Solomon had 12 officers (district governors) over all of Israel. Two of these, were married to his daughters: Ben-Abinadab to his daughter Taphath and Ahimaaz to his daughter Basemath (1 Kin 4:7,11,15).", "Among all the queens of the Bible none is so fascinating as the one who came from somewhere on the Persian Gulf to Jerusalem to prove for herself the profound wisdom of Solomon. (Consult the writer’s volume on All the Kings and Queens of the Bible.) What she heard from the king’s lips and saw of his wealth and power astounded her. We know nothing of her beauty, but it is certain she was all that could be desired in this respect. As we are discovering, the names of some of the most remarkable women of the Bible have been omitted. While this queen’s name is not given in the Bible, Arab writers call her Balkis, and Ethiopian writers name her Makeda. In fact, the Abyssinians not only claim her as their ancient queen, but trace the descent of their present king from a son who, these traditions say, was born to her by Solomon. But such a contention is without any Biblical foundation. After her royal visit to Solomon we read that she returned to “her own country.”", "and David the king begat Solomon of her that had been the wife of Uriah - Matthew 1:6b", "The wisdom of the young king was soon put tothe test. Two harlots appeared before him, each carrying a child, one living and the other dead. Their dispute involved a decision as to the maternity of the children. Solomon, knowing the tender affections of a mother, ordered the living child to be cut into halves with a sword. The problem solved itself, and the king's insight and justice received due praise in Israel.", "A most interesting incident in Solomon's own family circle is connected with one of his daughters. She was of extraordinary beauty, and in the stars he read that she was to marry an extremely poor youth. To prevent the undesirable union, Solomon had a high tower erected in the sea, and to this he sent his daughter. Seventy eunuchs were to guard her, and a huge quantity of food was stored in the tower for her use.", "Solomon's Egyptian wife. She was an Egyptian princess and by his marriage to her, Solomon sealed an alliance with Egypt. (1 Kings 3:1; 11:1).", "Jezebel married King Ahab of the Northern Kingdom (i.e. Israel during the time when ancient Israel was divided into Israel in the north and Judah in the south). Ahab was the son of King Omri, who had brought the northern Kingdom of Israel to great power, established Samaria as his capital, and whose historical existence is confirmed by ancient inscriptions on the Mesha Stele and the Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III. ", "Queen Jezebel a daughter of King Ethbaal, the king of the Zidionians, and the wife of King Ahab and mother of Ahaziah and Joram (Jehoram) later to be Kings of Israel.", "\"So Omri slept [see also What Happens When You Die? ] with his fathers, and was buried in Samaria : and Ahab his son reigned in his stead. And in the thirty and eighth year of Asa king of Judah began Ahab the son of Omri to reign over Israel: and Ahab the son of Omri reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years.\"", "Solomon rules with wisdom and justice, and all Israel prospers (1 Ki 4:20, 25). The writer of First Kings  gives us an idea of just how wise Solomon was:", "This may have been so, but Solomon also used marriage to cement relations between Israel and the surrounding territories and nations. He had a different vision of what a king should be: a hereditary political monarch rather than a popularly acclaimed leader." ]

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[ "This is a quick summary and analysis of Horton Hatches the Egg by Dr. Seuss. The book revolves around Horton the elephant sitting on an egg for Mayzie the bird. This channel discusses and reviews books, novels, and short stories through drawing...poorly.", "It is the second Dr. Seuss book to feature Horton the Elephant, the first being Horton Hatches the Egg. The Whos would later make a reappearance in How the Grinch Stole Christmas!.", "Dr. Seuss' elephant Horton appeared in two of his books, Horton Hatches the Egg in 1940 and Horton Hears a Who! in 1954. In both books, Horton endures ridicule and hardship in order to do the helpful and ethical thing with no promise of a reward. Despite the facts that the book contained barely 2,000 words, Horton Hears a Who was adapted into a feature film in 2008.", "Dr Seuss Horton Hatches the Egg. An elephant agrees to watch over lazy Maisie bird's egg while she vacations. But later, after standing guard 100-percent faith- fully through rain and snow, Horton and the egg are captured by three hunters and put in a circus. Maisie happens by just as the egg is about to hatch and demands that Horton... give it back to her.", "Seuss' earliest elephants were for advertising and had somewhat wrinkly ears, much as real elephants do. [12] With And to Think that I Saw it on Mulberry Street (1937) and Horton Hatches the Egg (1940), the ears became more stylized, somewhat like angel wings and thus appropriate to the saintly Horton. During World War II, the elephant image appeared as an emblem for India in four editorial cartoons. [13] Horton and similar elephants appear frequently in the postwar children's books.", "Horton Hatches the Egg: a 1942 Warner Brothers cartoon, an early Seuss adaptation, which includes the elephant (and his son, at the end) singing a popular nonsense tune of that time, \"The Hut-Sut Song\" [2].", "His fourth children’s book, Horton Hatches the Egg (1940), is about an adoptive father. Horton looks after Mayzie’s egg and, when it hatches, becomes the newborn elephant-bird’s parent.", "Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, wrote the popular children's books The Cat in the Hat, Green Eggs and Ham, Horton Hatches the Egg, and many more. As Dr. Seuss, Geisel brought a whimsical touch and a colorful imagination to the world of children's books.", "* Geisel's earliest elephants were for advertising and had somewhat wrinkly ears, much as real elephants do. With And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street (1937) and Horton Hatches the Egg (1940), the ears became more stylized, somewhat like angel wings and thus appropriate to the saintly Horton. During World War II, the elephant image appeared as an emblem for India in four editorial cartoons. Horton and similar elephants appear frequently in the postwar children's books.", "* Geisel's earliest elephants were for advertising and had somewhat wrinkly ears, much as real elephants do. With And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street! (1937) and Horton Hatches the Egg (1940), the ears became more stylized, somewhat like angel wings and thus appropriate to the saintly Horton. During World War II, the elephant image appeared as an emblem for India in four editorial cartoons. Horton and similar elephants appear frequently in the postwar children's books.", "1904 – Dr. Seuss, (Theodor Seuss Geisel ) (d. 1991) was an American writer and cartoonist, better known by his pen name, Dr. Seuss. He published over 60 children’s books, which were often characterized by his imaginative characters, rhyme, and frequent use of trisyllabic meter. His most notable books include the bestselling classics Green Eggs and Ham, The Cat in the Hat, and One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish.", "On this day in 1904, Theodor Geisel, better known to the world as Dr. Seuss, the author and illustrator of such beloved children’s books as “The Cat in the Hat” and “Green Eggs and Ham,” is born in Springfield, Massachusetts . Geisel, who used his middle name (which was also his mother’s maiden name) as his pen name, wrote 48 books–including some for adults–that have sold well over 200 million copies and been translated into multiple languages. Dr. Seuss books are known for their whimsical rhymes and quirky characters, which have names like the Lorax and the Sneetches and live in places like Hooterville.", "1000+ images about Horton Hatches An Egg by Dr. Seuss on Pinterest | One fish two fish, Horton hears a who and Dr. seuss", "Dr. Seuss’ illustrations are colorful and hilarious as they show images of Sam-I-Am and the tall furry creature in the black top hat going on outrageous adventures such as riding a car into a tree and then having the car drive on top of a train, while the images follow the repeating verses that Sam-I-Am proposes different ways of eating the green eggs and ham.  Also, the characters themselves are creatively drawn, especially of the images of Sam-I-Am wearing a yellow shirt and a red hat, indicating that he is laid back, while the tall creature, who is nameless, wears a black top hat and is furry, which indicates that he has a somewhat reluctance to accept anything different.  Dr. Seuss’ story is highly creative and hilarious as it details how Sam-I-Am tries to get the tall furry creature to eat green eggs and ham in a humorous way and children will easily be drawn to the wackiness of this story.", "2. The books of Dr Seuss have sold over half a billion copies worldwide. This hugely popular children’s author also gave us the word ‘nerd’, which is the name of one of the mythical creatures in his 1950 book If I Ran the Zoo. He is perhaps most famous, however, as the man who created the Grinch, the character who attempts to steal Christmas (like Scrooge, this word has entered the language to describe someone out of sympathy with the festive spirit). The author – born Theodor Seuss Geisel in 1904 – has helped countless children to learn to read with his landmark book, Green Eggs and Ham (1960), which contains just 50 different words. (More facts about Dr Seuss here.)", "In the original story, Mrs. Jumbo's original name was Ella. She wasn't locked away after defending her son from some bullies. A character named Jack the elephant trainer would announce the pyramid of pachyderms, not the Ringmaster. Timothy Mouse was originally Red the Robin. There was also Professor Hoot Owl, who taught him how to fly instead of the Crows. Ella named her baby just Jumbo, not Jumbo Jr. The Gossipy Elephants praised him for his big ears instead of shunning him. Dumbo was thrown into a donkey car by Jack and the Ringmaster, and on his pail they've crossed out J into a D for Dumbo, different from the elephants immediately renaming him Dumbo. He does talk in the novel, but not the film.", "After the war, Dr. Seuss and his wife moved to La Jolla, California . Returning to children's books, he wrote what many consider to be his finest works, including such favorites as If I Ran the Zoo, (1950), Scrambled Eggs Super! (1953), On Beyond Zebra! (1955), If I Ran the Circus (1956), and How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1957).", "Over the years, zany animal characters, names and book titles were the Dr. Seuss trademarks. There was \"Yertle the Tertle\" (1958), \"Fox in Socks\" (1965), \"Mr. Brown Can Moo! Can You?\" (1970) and others too improbable to mention.", "Seuss's figures are often somewhat rounded and droopy. This is true, for instance, of the faces of the Grinch and of the Cat in the Hat. It is also true of virtually all buildings and machinery that Seuss drew: although these objects abound in straight lines in real life, Seuss carefully avoided straight lines in drawing them. For buildings, this could be accomplished in part through choice of architecture. For machines, Seuss simply distorted reality; for example, If I Ran the Circus includes a droopy hoisting crane and a droopy steam calliope.", "Seuss evidently enjoyed drawing architecturally elaborate objects. His endlessly varied (but never rectilinear) palaces, ramps, platforms, and free-standing stairways are among his most evocative creations. Seuss also drew elaborate imaginary machines, of which the Audio-Telly-O-Tally-O-Count, from Dr. Seuss's Sleep Book, is one example. Seuss also liked drawing outlandish arrangements of feathers or fur, for example, the 500th hat of Bartholomew Cubbins, the tail of Gertrude McFuzz, and the pet for girls who like to brush and comb, in One Fish Two Fish.", "Despite his numerous awards, Dr. Seuss never won the Caldecott Medal nor the Newbery . Three of his titles were chosen as Caldecott runners-up (now referred to as Caldecott Honor books): McElligot's Pool (1947), Bartholomew and the Oobleck (1949), and If I Ran the Zoo (1950).", "Theodor Seuss Geisel ( / ˈ ɡ aɪ z əl / ; March 2, 1904 – September 24, 1991) was an American writer, poet, and cartoonist . He was most widely known for his children's books written and illustrated as Dr. Seuss. He had used the pen name Dr. Theophrastus Seuss in college and later used Theo LeSieg and Rosetta Stone. [2]", "“Do you like green eggs and ham?” asks Sam-I-am in this Beginner Book by Dr. Seuss. In a house or with a mouse? In a boat or with a goat? On a train or in a tree? Sam keeps asking persistently. With unmistakable characters and signature rhymes, Dr. Seuss’s beloved favorite has cemented its place as a children’s classic. In this most famous of cumulative tales, the list of places to enjoy green eggs and ham, and friends to enjoy them with, gets longer and longer. Follow Sam-I-am as he insists that this unusual treat is indeed a delectable snack to be savored everywhere and in every way.", "“Do you like green eggs and ham?” asks Sam-I-am in this Beginner Book by Dr. Seuss. In a house or with a mouse? In a boat or with a goat? On a train or in a tree? Sam keeps asking persistently. With unmistakable characters and signature rhymes, Dr. Seuss's beloved favorite has cemented its place as a children's classic. In this most famous of cumulative tales, the list of places to enjoy green eggs and ham, and friends to enjoy them with, gets longer and longer. Follow Sam-I-am as he insists that this unusual treat is indeed a delectable snack to be savored everywhere and in every way.", "Theodor Seuss Geisel was an American writer and cartoonist. He was most widely known for his children's books, which he wrote and illustrated under the pseudonym Dr. Seuss.", "An editorial cartoon of July 16 , 1941 [8] depicts a whale resting on the top of a mountain, as a parody of American isolationists , especially Charles Lindbergh . This was later rendered (with no apparent political content) as the Wumbus of On Beyond Zebra (1955). Seussian whales (cheerful and balloon-shaped, with long eyelashes) also occur in McElligot's Pool, If I Ran the Circus, and other books.", "* An editorial cartoon of July 16, 1941 depicts a whale resting on the top of a mountain as a parody of American isolationists, especially Charles Lindbergh. This was later rendered (with no apparent political content) as the Wumbus of On Beyond Zebra (1955). Seussian whales (cheerful and balloon-shaped, with long eyelashes) also occur in McElligot's Pool, If I Ran the Circus, and other books.", "An editorial cartoon of July 16, 1941, [64] depicts a whale resting on the top of a mountain, as a parody of American isolationists, especially Charles Lindbergh . This was later rendered (with no apparent political content) as the Wumbus of On Beyond Zebra (1955). Seussian whales (cheerful and balloon-shaped, with long eyelashes) also occur in McElligot's Pool, If I Ran the Circus, and other books.", "An editorial cartoon of July 16, 1941 [48] depicts a whale resting on the top of a mountain, as a parody of American isolationists , especially Charles Lindbergh . This was later rendered (with no apparent political content) as the Wumbus of On Beyond Zebra (1955). Seussian whales (cheerful and balloon-shaped, with long eyelashes) also occur in McElligot's Pool, If I Ran the Circus, and other books.", "An editorial cartoon of July 16, 1941 depicts a whale resting on the top of a mountain, as a parody of American isolationists, especially Charles Lindbergh. This was later rendered (with no apparent political content) as the Wumbus of On Beyond Zebra (1955). Seussian whales (cheerful and balloon-shaped, with long eyelashes) also occur in McElligot's Pool, If I Ran the Circus, and other books.", "The non sequitur elephant character based on Joe Besser was the inspiration for Horatio the Elephant, a recurring character on PBS' Sesame Street.", "In 1937 it was finally accepted for publication. His works have widely been applauded for their contribution to early learning. Interestingly, the main criticisms of Dr. Seuss’ first work – the bizarre words and rhymes – have been recognized by educators as an important part of developing early language skills . Geisel would later use his popularity for political commentary. He used his fame to criticize isolationism prior to World War II, and to *ahem* depict all Japanese-Americans as traitors." ]

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[ "Just a few years ago, many casual Superman fans probably assumed that Lois Lane was always the one and only love of Clark Kent's life. Then \"Smallville\" came around, and introduced Clark's high school sweetheart, Lana Lang, to a whole new generation of fans. But while Lois and Lana are the most well known love interests of the Man of Steel, they are certainly not the only ones. Throughout the years, there have been many women that Clark Kent has fallen for, and many who have fallen for him. In this column we will take a look at these other women, their appearances in the comics and on the big and small screens, and what each of them have meant to our hero.", "In the comic book universe, Superman rarely falls for anyone not initialed L.L. Lois Lane, a reporter who tends to pine after Superman while rejecting his meek alter ego, Clark Kent, has been around since Action Comics #1. Competing with her for Superman’s attentions are Lana Lang, his high school sweetheart from Smallville, Kansas; Lori Lemaris, a mermaid he dates while attending Metropolis University; and Lyla Lerrol, an actress from Krypton who meets him when he travels back in time before the planet’s destruction. Numerous other supporting characters also have the initials L.L., including Lex Luthor, Lucy Lane (Lois Lane’s sister) and Linda Lee (Supergirl’s secret identity).", "Superman's large cast of supporting characters includes Lois Lane, the character most commonly associated with Superman, being portrayed at different times as his colleague, competitor, love interest and wife. Other main supporting characters include Daily Planet coworkers such as photographer Jimmy Olsen and editor Perry White, Clark Kent's adoptive parents Jonathan and Martha Kent, childhood sweetheart Lana Lang and best friend Pete Ross, associates like Professor Hamilton and John Henry Irons who often provide scientific advice and tech support, and former college love interest Lori Lemaris (a mermaid). Stories making reference to the possibility of Superman siring children have been featured both in and out of mainstream continuity.", "In Metropolis , Superman (as Clark Kent) works as a reporter at the Planet, \"a great metropolitan newspaper\" which allows him to keep track of ongoing events where he might be of help. Largely working on his own, his identity is easily kept secret. He sees his job as a journalist as an extension of his Superman responsibilities, bringing truth to the forefront and fighting for the little man. [1] Fellow reporter Lois Lane became the object of Clark's/Superman's romantic affection. Lois' affection for Superman and her rejection of Clark's clumsy advances have been a recurring theme in Superman comics, television, and movies.", "In post-Crisis continuity, the history of Superman was re-designed such that he was never \"Superboy\" while growing up, and did not assume his costumed identity until adulthood. In this current continuity, Lana Lang and Clark Kent dated while young and Clark told her about his powers on the day he left Smallville to go to college and eventually become Superman. In the comics, Lana Lang remains a friend of Clark Kent and has never revealed his secret: that he is Superman. But Lana Lang suffers from some bitterness because Clark, the man she thought she would always be with, revealed his immense powers to her, but then left her. Clark is now married to his adult love interest, Lois Lane, naturally causing tension in his friendship with Lana.", "Clark Kent attended Smallville High from 2001 to 2005 with his friends Pete Ross , Chloe Sullivan , and Lana Lang .", "After being together for some time, Clark finally proposed to Lois with the Kent family engagement ring. Lois was distracted at the time by her mother's illness, however, and did not answer immediately. When she realized the depth of Clark's commitment to her later that night, she did in fact agree to marry him.[9] Jimmy Olsen threw the couple an engagement party at the Planet the same day that Lex Luthor apparently died in a plane crash. [10]", "Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman (1993-1997) Clark Kent's character is given one of its heaviest emphases in the 1990s series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman. It is made very clear during the series, even discussed directly by the characters, that Clark Kent is who he really is, rather than his superheroic alter-ego. In Lois and Clark, Kent (Dean Cain) is a stereotypical wide-eyed farm kid from Kansas with the charm, grace and humor of George Reeves, but without the awkward geekiness of Christopher Reeve. Emphasis is laid on the comic elements of his dual relationship with Lois Lane (Teri Hatcher). The ban on Christopher Reeve's Superman having a relationship with a human while retaining his superpowers is entirely absent in the world of Lois and Clark. In the final season, Clark Kent marries Lois Lane (a few years after her almost-marriage to his arch-enemy Lex Luthor, whom she refused at the altar), finding love, happiness, and completeness in this relationship which does not jeopardize his Superman persona.", "So while Lois and Lana have certainly proven to be the mainstays in Superman's love life, there have been no shortage of other women who have either been attracted to the glasses or the cape. In each of these other women, perhaps, Clark may have seen a bit of the innocence of his hometown sweetheart Lana Lang, or the fiery independence of Lois Lane. In the end, of course, we all know that Clark ends up with Lois. Sometimes, though, it's the relationships that don't work out that teach us the most about ourselves, and what we're really looking for in that special someone. With Lois, Clark found someone who could love both the farmboy and the superhero.", "* Lori Lemaris: A mermaid who Clark Kent dated while attending Metropolis University, he proposed marriage to Lori (though she turned him down). She has also been a supporting character and ally of Aquaman.", "Clark Kent : Lois, I have loved you from the moment I saw you. I love your humor; your passion. The way you dive right in... even when you shouldn't. Because you refuse to just watch the world. You demand that it be a better place, and because of you, it is. And today, I want to give you as much of the world as I can. So I give you my heart, my soul... and our future.", "During Lois' adolescence, she won a youth contest run by the Daily Planet, with the prize being a trip to Metropolis to spend a week working as a cub reporter for the newspaper. There, she first met Clark Kent of Smallville, who was the other winner of the contest. Lois found Clark dull, and became more interested in asking him for information about Superboy after learning Clark came from Smallville. During the week in Metropolis, Lois made a bet with Clark to see who would get the most scoops, which turned out to be Lois, as Clark was forced to constantly go into action as Superboy. Lois met Superboy for the first time while uncovering a criminal enterprise for one of her stories. At the end of the week, Clark paid off Lois' bet (an ice cream sundae), and the two returned to their respective hometowns. ", "Margot Kidder While not the first actress to play Superman’s love interest Lois Lane, Margot Kidder put her stamp on the role as definitively as her co-star Christopher Reeve did on Superman. In all four ‘70s/‘80s Superman films, Lois Lane’s flirty relationship with Superman and his alter-ego Clark Kent adds elements of humor and romance mostly missing from earlier versions. Kidder’s tenure with the franchise was not always smooth, however; vocal about her displeasure with a change in director halfway through Superman II, her role in Superman III was reduced considerably.", "Kent is married to Stephanie the Weather Lady , though they may be divorced as both have been seen with other people. Selma Bouvier once claimed that she and Brockman made out in the back booth of a seafood hut, Brockman shook it off stating \"We all did crazy things on 9/11\". [19] Brockman also had a relationship with Edna Krabappel . [20] Kent was seen on a date with Lindsey Naegle at an improv show. [21]", "Lana Lang - Teenage friend of Clark Kent that has also been the forbidden love interest of the young Superman.", "In the Superman: The Animated Series of the mid to late 1990s, Clark Kent is shown as a mild-mannered but competent reporter and is shown exposing various criminals through his reporter identity. In this identity, Clark and Lois are good friends (with Lois frequently calling him \"Smallville\" in a teasing but good-natured way) but do not share romantic feelings; instead, it is Superman and Lois who have a romantic relationship. Lana Lang on the other hand knows of Clark's identity as Superman but seems more interested in Clark because she knew him as that first.", "Fellow reporter Lois Lane became the object of Clark's/Superman's romantic affection. Lois' affection for Superman and her rejection of Clark's clumsy advances have been a recurring theme in Superman comics, as well as in movies and on television.", "Following Clark's brief rampage under the influence of the Eradicator, Lois was hesitant to forgive Clark for \"selling out\" to Collin Thornton and running Newstime Magazine, but forgave him in a span of mere minutes when he returned to \"grovel for his job back\". Clark elected to repay Lois by finally letting go of his self-imposed inhibitions and passionately kissed her. The two became a couple, and eventually Lois accepted a proposal of marriage. Clark shortly after revealed to her that he was Superman. ", "After graduating college, Clark later moved to Metropolis full time, where he began working as a journalist for the world renowned newspaper, the Daily Planet. A rivalry with his co-worker Lois Lane eventually blossomed into a romance and marriage.", "Lana Lang : [Clark kisses her but green lines begin spreading across his face as a result of the Kryptonite, he pulls back and drops to his knees] Bye Clark", "* Margot Kidder as Lois Lane: The ace reporter for the Daily Planet and Superman's love interest. Lois, is a driven career journalist, who lets nothing stand in the way of breaking the next big story and scooping rival reporters. While ignoring the potential consequences that sometimes put her in peril. She finds out that Clark is Superman, but her memory is erased when Clark kisses her.", "Flash's girlfriend in high school was Dale Arden . She's been close to Flash for a long time, at least since Flash was 13. (\" Episode 104: Assassin )", "When the meteor shower of 1989 occurred, it caused all sorts of mutations and destruction to the town and its citizens. It was where the ship bearing the infant Kal-El landed after its journey through space from Krypton . The Kents adopted him and Clark attended school in Smallville, graduating from Smallville High School in 2005.", "Clark Kent : When you saw me and Lana together. Is that why you did this?", "Lois Lane : I don't know who or what you are, but you got it all wrong, lady. There is nothing romantic between Lois and Clark.", "Superman’s Girlfriend Lois Lane #1 launched at the start of 1958) and became the regular venue for stunning yarns illustrated by sleek, slick Kurt Schaffenberger whose distinctive art-style would quickly become synonymous with the reporter. In this yarn from the second issue (April/May) Lois was apparently appalled to uncover ‘Superman’s Secret Sweetheart’ (possibly written by Bill Finger), but was in fact on her very best mettle, helping a bullied college girl fight back against her mean sorority sisters…", "“You did a great job.” He turned to Clark. “And I guess we'll be seeing more of her too, right Mr. Kent? I mean, you two seemed so great together.”", "\"There's not a lot of things that actually take Lois Lane by surprise. As it turns out, meeting her Kryptonian boyfriend's first love is one of them.\" Clark x Lois, Man of Steel verse.", "Clark Kent : I love you too... more than you'll ever know. That's why I have to leave.", "Lois : Clark, you're my best friend. Until I met you I never had a best friend. And falling in love with you has been so easy, I don't know why I fought it so long. You have such gentle grace, and such quiet strength, and mostly... such incredible kindness. I've never known anyone with as pure a heart, and so today I give you my love, and my honor, and our life, together.", "Lois Lane : Clark, you're my best friend. Until I met you, I never had a best friend. And falling in love with you has been so easy, I don't know why I fought it for so long. You have such gentle grace; such quiet strength; but mostly, such incredible kindness. I've never known anyone with as pure a heart. So today, I give you my love, my honor... and our life together.", "She maintained a close friendship with her Superman co-star Christopher Reeve, which lasted from 1978 until his death in 2004. \"When you're strapped to someone hanging from the ceiling for months and months, you get pretty darned close,\" Kidder told CBS. \"He was such a huge part of my life... He was complicated, very smart, really smart, and he knew he'd done something meaningful. He was very aware of that and very happy with that role.\" " ]

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[ "Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. In Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships, better known simply as Gulliver's Travels (1726, amended 1735), is a novel by Anglo-Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan Swift, that is both a satire on human nature and a parody of the \"travellers' tales\" literary sub-genre. It is Swift's best known full-length work, and a classic ofEnglish literature. The book became popular as soon as it was published. John Gay wrote in a 1726 letter to Swift that \"It is universally read, from the cabinet council to the nursery.\"[1] Since then, it has never been out of print. Text and chapters are perfectly set up to match the layout and feel of a physical copy, rather than being haphazardly thrown together for a quick release. Features: • New illustrations in color and other text decoration. • Active TOC: You can navigate through the entire collection via a main table of contents • Re-arranged texts for the best display on Kobo, PC and every e-Reader device. ** Bonus: Free Audiobook link for download at the end of the book (just click to download)", "Cocktails inspired by your favorite authors: • Charlotte Bronte • Dani Shapiro • Dorothy Parker • Ernest Hemingway • F. Scott Fitzgerald • Flannery O’Connor • Jhumpa Lahiri • Junot Diaz • Virginia Woolf • Wally Lamb • And 40 more! Sourcebooks, July 2014 “Featuring classics mixed with original cocktails, plus bio and book suggestions, this slim guide should quench your thirst. You’ll find Ernest Hemingway (mojito) plus Junot Diaz (Papi’s Rum Punch) and Anne Tyler (Ian’s Cherry Cola) among them. “ – The Chicago Tribune", "At this point we should also mention Richard Le Gallienne’s rather curious little book of rubaiyat-style verses entitled Omar Repentant, published in 1908. It is set in a Broadway bar, and in it a middle-aged Omar-type drinker warns a much younger man of the dangers of the demon drink – the “death and damnation” that the barman sells. Seeing that the young man carries a copy of FitzGerald’s Rubaiyat, the middle-aged drinker exclaims:", "[4] Johnson develops in a manner much like Mandeville’s the theme that ‘the qualities requisite to conversation are very exactly represented by a bowl of punch’, the ingredients of which taken separately are either unpleasant or insipid, but together are agreeable. Boswell (Life, ed. Hill, i. 334) suggests that Johnson derived the passage from Thomas Blacklock’s On Punch: an Epigram (Blacklock, Poems on Several Occasions, ed. 1754, p. 179):", "The perfect pairing for anyone with a literary thirst! From Jane Austen’s little-known fondness for wine to Hemingway’s beloved mojitos, literature and libations go hand in hand. Cocktails for Book Lovers blends these in a delectable book that will delight both readers and cocktail enthusiasts alike. This irresistible collection features 50 original and classic cocktail recipes based on works of famous authors and popular drinks of their eras, including Orange Champagne Punch, Salted Caramel and Bourbon Milkshakes, and even Zombie Cola. So dip in, pick your favorite author or book, and take a sip—or start at the beginning and work your way through. Cheers!", "Joseph Rudyard Kipling (30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936) was an English poet, short-story writer, and novelist chiefly remembered for his celebration of British imperialism, tales and poems of British soldiers in India, and his tales for children. Kipling received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1907. He was born in Bombay, in the Bombay Presidency of British India, and was taken by his family to England when he was five years old. Kipling is best known for his works of fiction, including The Jungle Book (1894) (a collection of stories which includes \"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi\"), Kim (1901) (a tale of adventure), many short stories, including \"The Man Who Would Be King\" (1888); and his poems, including Mandalay (1890), Gunga Din (1890), The White Man's Burden (1899) and If— (1910). He is regarded as a major \"innovator in the art of the short story\"; his children's books are enduring classics of children's literature; and his best works are said to exhibit \"a versatile and luminous narrative gift\".", "National Book Award finalist Richard Yates told The New York Times in 1977 that reading Salinger's stories for the first time was a landmark experience, and that \"nothing quite like it has happened to me since.\" [117] Yates describes Salinger as \"a man who used language as if it were pure energy beautifully controlled, and who knew exactly what he was doing in every silence as well as in every word.\" Gordon Lish 's O. Henry Award-winning short story \"For Jeromé—With Love and Kisses\" (1977, collected in What I Know So Far, 1984), is a parody of Salinger's \"For Esmé—with Love and Squalor.\" [118]", "Cocktails and alcohol are prevalent in many of Hemingway’s great works. In his classic war novel, For Whom the Bells Toll, it is the the ritual of dripped absinthe that gibes Robert Jordan some rest-bite from the horrors of war : “One cup of it took the place of the evening papers, of all the old evenings in cafés, of all chestnut trees that would be in bloom now in this month…. of all the things he had enjoyed and forgotten and that came back to him when he tasted that opaque, bitter, tongue-numbing, brain-warming, stomach-warming, idea-changing liquid alchemy.” Hemingway is also famous for his many quotes about alcohol, many of which still surface in conversation today, one of the most famous being:", "Guerard, Albert J. \"Martin Chuzzlewit: The Novel as Comic Entertainment.\" The Triumph of the Novel: Dickens, Dostoevsky, Faulkner. Chicago & London: U. Chicago P., 1976. Pp. 235-260.", "Guerard, Albert J. \"Martin Chuzzlewit: The Novel as Comic Entertainment.\" The Triumph of the Novel: Dickens, Dostoevsky, Faulkner. Chicago & London: U. Chicago P., 1976. Pp. 235-260.", "and a Rob Roy); Much Ado About Frothing (pisco sour with heart-shaped sprinkles) and chapters entitled “Shall I Campari Thee to a Summer’s Day?” As Shakespeare was already an inveterate punster, the book is almost too much of a muchness, best consumed in small quantities. Maybe it could serve a peculiar book club—one reading, and one round of drinks, at a time.", "Gulliver’s Travels (1726, amended 1735), officially Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, is a novel by Jonathan Swift that is both a satire on human nature and a parody of the “travellers’ tales” literary sub-genre. It is widely considered Swift’s magnum opus (masterpiece) and is his most celebrated work, as well as one of the indisputable classics of English literature.", "You see, Pamela chose to alter Twas The Night Before Christmas, which is perhaps the most famous poem in the English language. You see, she self-published a new, smoke-free version of the poem, deleting the offending lines and removing Santa’s pipe from the illustrations. Her republished work has won the support of many anti-smoking activists.  She says she wanted to shake up the complacency she sees around the issue of tobacco use. Tobacco product use claims the lives of one in five Americans and subjects so many more to disease and illness. Pamela says it’s a preventable situation that is growing into a deep global threat.", "The Seventh Edition, published in 1793, with the supplement (pp. 142- 161), was, with the abominable proclivity to edification which marked the publisher of the period (that of \"Goody Two-Shoes\" and \"Sandford and Merton\"), styled \"Gulliver Reviv'd: or the Vice of Lying Properly Exposed.\" The previous year had witnessed the first appearance of the sequel, of which the full title has already been given, \"with twenty capital copperplates, including the baron's portrait.\" The merit of Munchausen as a mouthpiece for ridiculing traveller's tall-talk, or indeed anything that shocked the incredulity of the age, was by this time widely recognised. And hence with some little ingenuity the popular character was pressed into the service of the vulgar clamour against James Bruce, whose \"Travels to Discover the Sources of the Nile\" had appeared in 1790. In particular Bruce's description of the Abyssinian custom of feeding upon \"live bulls and kava\" provoked a chorus of incredulity. The traveller was ridiculed upon the stage as Macfable, and in a cloud of ephemeral productions; nor is the following allusion in Peter Pindar obscure:—", "Charles John Huffam Dickens, FRSA (pronounced /ˈtʃɑrlz ˈdɪkɪnz/; 7 February 1812–9 June 1870), pen-name \"Boz\", was the most popular English novelist of the Victorian era, and one of the most popular of all time. He created some of literature's most iconic characters, with the theme of social reform running throughout his work. The continuing popularity of his novels and short stories is such that they have never gone out of print.", "5. The literary character Zaphod Beeblebrox invented the `Pan-Galactic Gargle Blaster' cocktail in which book ?", "The Catcher in the Rye is a 1951 novel by J. D. Salinger. Originally published for adults, it has since become popular with adolescent readers for its themes of teenage confusion, angst, alienation, language, and rebellion. It has been translated into almost all of the world's major languages. Around 250,000 copies are sold each year, with total sales of more than 65 million. The novel's protagonist and antihero, Holden Caulfield, has become an icon for teenage rebellion.", "J.D. Salinger’s only novel, The Catcher in the Rye, is published by Little, Brown on this day in 1951. The book, about a confused teenager disillusioned by the adult world, is an instant hit and will be taught in high schools for half a century.", "Henry Graham Greene (2 October 1904 – 3 April 1991), better known by his pen name Graham Greene, was an English novelist and author regarded by some as one of the great writers of the 20th century. Combining literary acclaim with widespread popularity, Greene acquired a reputation early in his lifetime as a major writer, both of serious Catholic novels, and of thrillers (or \"entertainments\" as he termed them). He was shortlisted, in 1967, for the Nobel Prize for Literature. Through 67 years of writings, which included over 25 novels, he explored the ambivalent moral and political issues of the modern world, often through a Catholic perspective.", "At the beginning of the story and a large part of the novel, Sydney Carton is shown to be a very arrogant, frustrated man with a drinking problem. Several times in the novel he indulged in his drinking to the point of becoming drunk or close to it. Many times that he is seen, he is drinking wine or has a flask of liquor in his hand. This may keep him calm or help him to remain composed in the court, but it becomes more to the point of being a necessity or habit. Also, his drinking causes him to be loose with his tongue when he is with Charles Darnay after the trial, which makes Charles angry with him. This behavior was very ill-mannered and could have been prevented to give Sydney Carton a better appearance and attitude.", "Cakes and Ale, or, The Skeleton in the Cupboard (1930) is a novel by the British author W. Somerset Maugham. Maugham exposes the misguided social snobbery levelled at the character Rosie Driffield, whose frankness, honesty and sexual freedom make her a target of conservative propriety. Her character is treated favourably by the book's narrator, Ashenden, who understands that she was a muse to the many artists who surrounded her and who himself enjoyed her sexual favours.", "*2008 Everyday Drinking: The Distilled Kingsley Amis, Introduction by Christopher Hitchens (an omnibus edition of On Drink, Everyday Drinking and How's Your Glass?)", "A pejorative term used since the 17th century to refer to immoderate praise of a book or other creative work , usually in the form of a review or advertisement written by the publisher , author , or a copy writer, intended to influence opinion and promote sales. In book publishing , a puff is usually printed on the dust jacket or included in an advertisement in a review publication . A preliminary puff is written prior to publication for the use of sales representatives. See also: blurb .", "*Rudyard Kipling started his poem \"A Song of Travel\" with words: \"Where's the lamp that Hero lit / Once to call Leander home?\"", "The Inside of the Cup is a 1913 best-selling novel by American writer Winston Churchill . The story was first serialized in Hearst's Magazine from April 1912 through July 1913, and was released in book form in May 1913. The best selling book in the United States for 1913, it sparked a nationwide debate about the role of Christianity in modern life.", "\"Vimes fumbled his way up the stairs, groped his way into his office, slumped into the primeval leather chair with its prolapsed stuffing, scrabbled at the bot-tom drawer, grabbed bottle, bit cork, tugged, spat out cork, drank. Began his day. The world swam into focus. Life is just chemicals. A drop here, a drip there, everything's changed. A mere dribble of fermented juices and suddenly you're going to live another few hours.\" [128]", "Excerpted from Storied Sips Copyright © 2013 by Erica Duecy. Excerpted by permission of Random House Reference, a Penguin Random House Company.", "Find the three answers that best correspond to the original version of the novel: Through the windows he could see Mack and the boys sitting on the pipes in the vacant _________, dangling their feet in the mallow weeds and taking the sun while they discoursed slowly and philosophically of matters of interest but of no importance", "BONUS: these books provided the world with some of the most memorable literary characters. Name the notable character from each book.", "Find the one answer that truly corresponds to the original version of the novel: He __________ his feet around a bar stool and lighted a cigarette", "Find the two answers that best correspond to the original version of the novel: In a moment of local love Dora named her place the Bear Flag Restaurant and the stories are _________. of people who have gone in for a drink", "Thomas De Quincey, an English essayist during the turn of the nineteenth century, began life as a fairly sickly child, and would spend much of his life in the grips of one illness or another. Through a series of misguided attempts at getting an education, De Quincey dropped out of college and instead became a vagrant. The youth barely had enough food to eat and resorted to begging in order to survive. These years served as a depressing foundation for his later years, which were marred by isolation and solitude. After eventually returning to and graduating from university, De Quincey became a journalist and translator. His works gained little popularity. De Quiney's resulting depression crippled him, and the forlorn man turned to opium in order to escape from reality. The use quickly turned to abuse, though, which was the subject of De Quincey's most famous work \"Confessions of an English Opium-Eater.\" The piece made him an overnight sensation as it detailed his personal background and spiraling drug abuse. De Quincey revised and republished the piece a number of times in order to address questions and criticisms that the population had about his portrayal of the addiction. This essay, along with three other works, are included in the collection \"Confessions of an English Opium-Eater and Other Writings.\"" ]

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[ "Herman Melville (1819–1891) was born in New York City. After a brief stint as a schoolteacher, he went to sea as a common sailor aboard a merchant ship for Liverpool, and in 1841 sailed on his first whaling vessel, the Acsuhnet, bound for the Pacific Ocean. It is likely that his experiences and knowledge of whaling gained on this trip, and others, informed his writing of Moby-Dick later in life. He jumped ship at the Marquesas Islands and lived briefly among the Typee natives before heading to Tahiti on another whaling vessel. His novel, Typee, drawing on his time in Polynesia, was a success, and he followed it up with Omoo, also based on his sea adventures. During his time writing Moby-Dick in 1850 and 1851 in Massachusetts, he met and befriended the writer Nathaniel Hawthorne, to whom he dedicated the novel. Moby-Dick was first published in England in 1851 as three volumes named The Whale  and then as a single-volume Moby-Dick in the United States. He continued to write fiction and poetry, but his popularity as a writer declined rapidly, and he was largely unknown by his death in 1891. From the 'Melville Revival' of the 1910s and 1920s onwards, his reputation grew posthumously, and he is now seen as one of the key figures of nineteenth-century American literature.", "Melville dedicated Moby-Dick to Nathaniel Hawthorne “in admiration for his genius.” The two met in 1850", "The first volume of Hershel Parker's definitive biography of Herman Melville—a finalist for the 1997 Pulitzer Prize—closed on a mid-November day in 1851. In the dining room of the Little Red Inn in Lenox, Massachusetts, Melville had just presented an inscribed copy of his new novel, Moby-Dick, to his intimate friend, Nathaniel Hawthorne, the man to whom the work was dedicated. \"Take it all in all,\" Parker concluded, \"this was the happiest day of Melville's life.\"", "During that time, he befriended the writer Nathaniel Hawthorne , who lived nearby – and to whom Melville eventually dedicated \"Moby Dick.\" Hawthorne encouraged his younger friend, and may even have helped Melville shape the content and tone of the novel. After Hawthorne praised \"Moby Dick\" – the story of a white sperm whale and his pursuer, the one-legged Captain Ahab – Melville wrote him a letter that burbles over with giddy happiness. ", "Moby-Dick; or, The Whale is a novel by Herman Melville, first published in 1851. It is considered to be one of the Great American Novels. The story tells the adventures of wandering sailor Ishmael, and his voyage on the whaleship Pequod, commanded by Captain Ahab. Ishmael soon learns that Ahab has one purpose on this voyage: to seek out Moby Dick, a ferocious, enigmatic white sperm whale. In a previous encounter, the whale destroyed Ahab’s boat and bit off his leg, which now drives Ahab to take revenge.", "Moby-Dick; or, The Whale is a novel by Herman Melville, first published in 1851. It is considered to be one of the Great American Novels. The story tells the adventures of wandering sailor Ishmael, and his voyage on the whaleship Pequod, commanded by Captain Ahab. Ishmael soon learns that Ahab has one purpose on this voyage: to seek out Moby Dick, a ferocious, enigmatic white sperm whale. In a previous encounter, the whale destroyed Ahab's boat and bit off his leg, which now drives Ahab to take revenge.", "Moby's full name Richard Melville Hall offers a hint as to the meaning of the name he chose for himself and is known around the world for. Moby tells that Herman Melville, the author of the great American masterpiece Moby dick, is his great-great grand uncle. The name Moby was picked as a tribute.", "A fervent correspondence ensued. Melville, indeed, became so infatuated that he moved with his wife and family to become Hawthorne's neighbour. Thus liberated, fulfilled, and inspired to say \"NO! in thunder, to Christianity\", he completed Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, in the spring of 1851. After an early reading of the manuscript, Hawthorne acclaimed it in a letter that remains, tantalisingly, lost. All we have is Melville's ecstatic response (\"Your heart beat in my ribs and mine in yours, and both in God's...\"), and, subsequently, a dedicatory declaration of Melville's admiration for Hawthorne's \"genius\" at the front of Moby-Dick (the first edition hyphenated the whale's name).", "Melville worshipped Hawthorne. The two spent hours together talking philosophy, literature, and life. As their friendship grew, Melville became increasingly enamored with his new mentor. When Hawthorne suggested he rewrite the merry sailor’s tale into a metaphysical monsterpiece, Melville agreed. It was time to quit penning pabulum and start crafting something literary! At Hawthorne’s urging, Melville missed his deadline. He put the manuscript aside for a while to study Shakespeare and Scottish philosopher Thomas Carlyle. Within a year, Moby-Dick was transformed. When Melville sent it to his publisher in 1851, he proudly wrote to Hawthorne, “I have written a wicked book and feel as spotless as a lamb.”", "Herman Melville wrote his classic novel Moby-Dick (1851) without having visited the island of Nantucket. The island and its whaling history form the backbone of his novel, and indeed are central symbols in the epic journey of the Pequod in its hunt for Moby-Dick, the white whale. Melville based the essentials of his plot, and the final the climactic ramming of the Pequod, upon all that he had read about Nantucket’s whaling history, and in particular, the gruesome tale of the Nantucket whaleship Essex. After the publication of Moby-Dick, Melville finally visited the island, and met face-to-face with Captain George Pollard Jr., the captain who survived one of the most harrowing ordeals at sea in human history.", "A literary classic that wasn't recognized for its merits until decades after its publication, Herman Melville's Moby-Dick tells the tale of a whaling ship and its crew, who are carried progressively further out to sea by the fiery Captain Ahab. Obsessed with killing the massive whale, which had previously bitten off Ahab's leg, the seasoned seafarer steers his ship to confront the creature, while the rest of the shipmates, including the young narrator, Ishmael, and the harpoon expert, Queequeg, must contend with their increasingly dire journey. The book invariably lands on any short list of the greatest American novels.", "Because Moby is related to the book's author Herman Melville. (Moby's real name is Richard Melville Hall, and Herman was his great-great-granduncle).", "2. Real name Richard Melville Hall - nicknamed Moby after Moby Dick, the book written by his distant ancestor Herman Melville (supposedly his great great grand uncle).", "Herman Melville (August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer, and poet of the American Renaissance period best known for Typee (1846), a romantic account of his experiences in Polynesian life, and his whaling novel Moby-Dick (1851). His work was almost forgotten during his last thirty years. His writing draws on his experience at sea as a common sailor, exploration of literature and philosophy, and engagement in the contradictions of American society in a period of rapid change. He developed a complex, baroque style: the vocabulary is rich and original, a strong sense of rhythm infuses the elaborate sentences, the imagery is often mystical or ironic, and the abundance of allusion extends to Scripture, myth, philosophy, literature, and the visual arts.", "Moby-Dick was published on this day in 1851. The novel opens with “Call me Ishmael,” perhaps the most famous opening line in all literature. It’s author, Herman Melville, himself worked as a whaler and Moby-Dick is likely based on two actual events at sea. One is the sinking of the Nantucket ship, Essex, in 1820 off the coast of South America after being rammed by a sperm whale. The second was the killing of an albino sperm whale named Mocha Dick in Chilean waters.", "As noted above, word of the sinking reached a young Herman Melville when, while serving on the whaler Acushnet, he met the son of Owen Chase who was serving on another whaler. Chase lent his father's account of the ordeal to Melville, who read it at sea and was inspired by the idea that a whale was capable of such violence. In time, he wrote Moby-Dick: or, The Whale, in which a sperm whale is said to be capable of similar acts. Melville's book draws its inspiration from the first part of the Essex story, ending with the sinking.", "Moby Dick, also known as The Whale, is considered to be one of the most important novels in Western literature. This fictional story follows the adventures of a sailor called Ishmael who joins Captain Ahab on his whaling ship. The book has been frequently studied since it was first written as it is filled with symbolism, metaphors and a number of complex themes. Even though the story is now over 150 years old it still remains very popular. It has been adapted for film, television, stage shows and radio plays. Continue Reading if you want to know who wrote Moby Dick.", "The novel Moby Dick is one of the most ambitious in American literature, one which encompasses several genres and styles of writing. It is a travelogue, a character study and an allegory. Linking each of the episodes of the novel and bridging these various genres is the character Ishmael, the narrator of the novel and the lens from which the reader views the action of Melville's work. The first chapter establishes Ishmael as a prototype, a working man and observer who claims no defining characters; his simplicity is a key to the novel, for it places Ishmael as an everyman whose character is subordinate to the other characters and occurrences of the novel. The name Ishmael, however, imbues the novel with religious undertones that will prevail through the course of Moby Dick.", "The Google homepage today depicts a white whale, a choppy sea, and a skiff captained by a one-legged harpooner. The doodle, of course, is an homage to \" Moby Dick ,\" which was first published 161 years ago, by Herman Melville . So who was Melville, exactly? Only one of the titans of modern literature – and a writer responsible, in the words of Nathaniel Philbrick , for \"what is generally considered the greatest American novel ever written.\" ", "Moby Dick is Herman Melville’s greatest work as a novelist. His other novels include Redburn and White Jacket. The first book he published was a bestseller, Typee.", "The novel begins with a famous line: “Call me Ishmael.” Ishmael, the narrator of Moby Dick, seeks “freedom” from his life in New York City, and decides to head north to New Bedford, Massachusetts, to find a job on a whaling ship. In New Bedford, at the Spouter Inn, Ishmael meets Queequeg, a “native” man from Kokovoko, in the Pacific isles, who is trained as a harpooner on whale-ships—a man who actually hunts and catches whales. Although Ishmael is initially scared of Queequeg, the two quickly become friends, and vow to accompany each other on a ship of Ishmael’s choosing, in Nantucket.", "Moby-Dick (1851) is a whaling novel by Herman Melville. While some characters only appear in the shore-chapters at the beginning of the book, and others are captains and crewmembers of other ships, the majority of the characters are crewmembers of the Pequod. The following is a list of the characters.", "Billy Budd, Herman Melville. According to Schmoop, “Alright, let's play a word-association game. I say, Herman Melville , and you say... Moby-Dick !", "* Nathaniel Philbrick's In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex the story that inspired Melville's classic, Moby Dick.", "This mere announcement of the book's and the author's name will prepare you in a measure for what follows; for you know just as well as we do that Herman Melville is a practical and practised sea-novelist, and that what comes from his pen will be worth the reading. And so indeed is Moby-Dick, and not lacking much of being a great work....", "New York-born Melville (1819-1891) used his travels in the Pacific in the 1840s as the basis for Moby-Dick, published when he was 31. An example of the memorable prose is:", "The 100 best novels: No 17 – Moby-Dick by Herman Melville (1851) | Books | The Guardian", "American author Herman Melville's early adventures at sea pervade his literary canon, and haunt his late masterpiece Billy Budd", "[2] Drabble M (ed.), The Oxford Companion to English Literature 5th� Edition, (Oxford, 1985), p. 647a: 'Moby Dick is the closest approach the United States has had to a national epic.'", "On December 30, 1840, at the age of 21 years, Herman Melville signed the shipping articles for a whaling voyage to the Pacific Ocean aboard the ship Acushnet of Fairhaven, MA, Valentine Pease, master. The vessel set sail down the Acushnet River estuary on January 3, 1841, past the great wharves of New Bedford, the then whaling capitol of the world, and out into the North Atlantic. This author of genius was being carried off on the voyage that would inspire one of the greatest works of literature in the American language.", "Skipper Ahab: A fictitious character penned by American author Herman Melville, skipper Ahab is a brooding captain of the whaling vessel Pequod. His character portrayal is often regarded to be quite intense as the plot of the novel details his obsession and vengeance with the albino black whale (sperm whale), a unique paradox in itself.", "Billy Budd, Sailor is the final novel by American writer Herman Melville, first published posthumously in London in 1924 as edited by Raymond M. Weaver, a professor at Columbia University, and then other versions followed. Melville had begun writing the original work in November 1888, but left it unfinished at his death in 1891. It was acclaimed by British critics as a masterpiece when published in London, and quickly took its place among the canon of significant works in the United States." ]

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[ "Under what assumed name did Oscar Wilde live out the last three years of his life, in \"France?", "His health decimated, Wilde was released in 1897 and went to Paris. Under the name Sebastian Melmoth, he lived the last three years of his life alone and penniless. Oscar Wilde died on November 30, 1900 in the Hotel d'Alsace in Paris.", "Constance, Wilde's wife, died April 7, 1898. They had two sons, Cyril (born June 5, 1885) and Vyvyan (born November 5, 1886). Wilde's wife changed her name and that of her sons to \"Holland\" in September 1895 because of her husband's trials and imprisonment. She ultimately decided against divorce but moved the boys out of England. Wilde spent the last three and a half years of his life in Europe, living under the assumed name of Sebastian Melmoth. An ancestor on his mother's side, Charles Maturin, had written a successful novel called Melmoth the Wanderer, and Wilde did seem restless and lost in his final years. The trials and prison time had ruined him. He died bankrupt in a Paris hotel on November 30, 1900, at the age of forty-six, receiving the rites of the Roman Catholic Church. A Latin phrase, from the Book of Job, is inscribed on his tombstone: Verbis meis addere nihil audebant et super illos stillebat eloquium meum — \"To my words they dare add nothing, and my speech fell upon them.\"", "After being released from prison, Wilde retreated to Paris where he lived his final years in poverty and poor health. During this time, he continued to write under the pen name Sebastian Melmoth. On Nov. 30, 1900, he died in Paris at the age of 46.", "Oscar died in Paris on November 30th, 1900, aged 46. The fleabag Left Bank hotel where he spent his last days showed his name on the register as Sebastian Melmoth, a name he'd assumed after his trial for homosexuality - then illegal - and imprisonment where upon his release took him to exile in France. At the end, ill, penniless and cadging Absinthe at the cafes some sparkles of wit emanated from the once celebrated novelist, and yes, poet who dazzled London society and once had several plays running concurrently on the London stage. His supposed last words uttered in his cheap hotel room were \"Either this wallpaper goes or I do.\"", "Wilde may have remained in England for a number of reasons, including self-destructiveness, denial, desperation, and a desire for martyrdom. However, some historians have suggested that Wilde\\u2019s relentless persecution by the government was a diversionary tactic. Lord Alfred\\u2019s older brother was reportedly also having a homosexual affair with Archibald Philip Primrose, Lord Rosebery, the man who would become prime minister. Queensberry was apparently so outraged that he threatened to disclose the relationship, and the government reacted by punishing Wilde and his lover in an effort to assuage the marquess. In any case, Wilde served his full sentence under conditions of utmost hardship and cruelty. Following his release from prison, his health and spirit broken, he sought exile in France, where he lived out the last two years of his life in poverty and obscurity under an assumed name. He died in Paris in 1900.", "Wilde's lawyers denounced the witnesses as characters of ill repute and pointed out conflicting facts in their testimonies. The trial ended in a hung jury, but Wilde was retried in May 1895. That time, Wilde was found guilty and sentenced to two years in prison. He was released from Reading Gaol (pronounced \"JAIL\") in May 1897 and moved to Europe, where he assumed the name Sebastian Melmoth. During his exile, he wrote \"The Ballad of Reading Gaol,\" a long poem decrying the cruelty of British prison conditions, especially affecting child inmates. He also wrote letters to English newspapers to sway public opinion during consideration of new legislation. Most notably, on a personal and literary level, Wilde composed a letter to Douglas that was filled with recriminations against the younger man, which was published posthumously in edited form as De Profundis in 1905. Wilde died on November 30, 1900, in Paris.", "In 1891, Wilde met Lord Alfred 'Bosie' Douglas, the third son of the Marquis of Queensbury, and the two soon became lovers. The Marquis of Queensbury strongly disapproved of their relationship, and publicly accused Wilde of homosexuality, leading to his imprisonment in 1895. His time in gaol inspired two works, The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1898), and De Profundis which was not published until after his death. Wilde spent the final two years of his life travelling in Europe, staying with various friends and publishing articles in newspapers. He contracted meningitis in 1900, and died in a Parisian hotel on 30 November.", "Upon his release, Oscar wrote “The Ballad of Reading Gaol,” a response to the agony he experienced in prison. It was published shortly before Constance's death in 1898. He and Bosie reunited briefly, but Oscar mostly spent the last three years of his life wandering Europe, staying with friends and living in cheap hotels. Sadly, he was unable to rekindle his creative fires. When a recurrent ear infection became serious several years later, meningitis set in, and Oscar Wilde died on November 30, 1900.", "When the \"storm broke\" on the Wilde family in April 1895, Constance Wilde decided that, because her two sons could no longer remain at their schools, both Cyril and Vyvyan should be sent to the Continent with a French governess, an exile that lasted more than three years. While in Switzerland with their mother and her brother, Otho Lloyd, the two boys were informed that they must forget the name of Wilde since the family would henceforth be known as \"Holland,\" an old family name from their mother's side. Moreover, \"Vyvyan\" would now be spelled \"Vivian\" and \"Oscar Beresford\" dropped. However, as Holland later wrote, \"The thought that at any moment an indiscreet remark or a chance encounter with someone from our former lives might betray us was a sword of Damocles constantly hanging above our heads\".", "The story of Wilde’s exile is heartbreaking. The Irish writer and poet was imprisoned for sodomy and gross indecency, and his health rapidly declined. Upon his release, he left England broke and in exile, changing his name to Sebastian Melmoth — after the Christian martyr and saint, and a character in his great-uncle’s gothic novel, Melmoth the Wanderer. While in Paris, he briefly returned to work, even publishing his play The Importance of Being Earnest, but quickly gave up. “I can write, but have lost the joy of writing,” he remarked before dying five years later.", "complimentary \"Letters Concerning the English Nation,\" praising many points of its superiority and desirability to his own. His \"Candide\" also features the meeting of four deposed kings in exile. Oscar Wilde was imprisoned, famously in Reading Jail, for homosexual offenses committed with Lord Alfred Douglas, after which public scorn and pressure drove him to live in exile from England, protectively changing his public name to Sebastian Melmoth, after \"Melmoth the Wanderer.\"", "Drama and tragedy marred Wilde's private life. He married Constance Lloyd in 1884 and they had two sons, but in 1891 Wilde began an affair with Lord Alfred Douglas, nicknamed 'Bosie'. In April 1895, Wilde sued Bosie's father, the Marquis of Queensberry, for libel, after the Marquis has accused him of being homosexual. Wilde lost and, after details of his private life were revealed during the trial, was arrested and tried for gross indecency. He was sentenced to two years of hard labour. While in prison he composed a long letter to Douglas, posthumously published under the title 'De Profundis' . His wife took their children to Switzerland and adopted the name 'Holland'. Wilde was released with his health irrevocably damaged and his reputation ruined. He spent the rest of his life in Europe, publishing 'The Ballad of Reading Gaol' in 1898. He died in Paris on 30 November 1900.", "Wilde's last years were spent in several towns in Europe. He settled in the small village of Berneval-sur-Mer near Dieppe, France, and sent letters to newspapers on prison reform while writing his greatest poem, \"The Ballad of Reading Gaol.\" His wife Constance had settled in Italy with the boys, changing their name to Holland because of the scandal. Wilde wanted to see her and the children, but she refused because he would not give up Douglas. He and Bosie reunited, and Constance died in April 1898. There was no more writing; Wilde drank heavily and begged money from friends. He and Bosie moved to Naples, Switzerland, and Paris, but Wilde's health was fading. During his time in prison, he had found an admiration for Jesus Christ and had written about his religious convictions. Just prior to his death in Paris on November 30, 1900, at the age of 46, Wilde converted to Roman Catholicism.", "����������� Wilde's turn to France seems an appropriate response to his excoriation by an English public who, before the spectacle of Wilde's fall, loved and adored the writer as if he were one of their own; that is, at his height, Wilde's popularity seemed to erase the difference�specifically, his Irishness�that set him apart from mainstream English culture, but after his fall, Wilde was attacked and rejected on the basis of a whole spectrum of differences�now including much more serious charges, of course, than mere Irishness.� While the term \"Natural Enemies\" had long been used in British newspapers as shorthand for an ongoing English/French tension (Abrams 940n8), in the case of Wilde, that tension finds literal embodiment, and thus Wilde's body continues to function as a nexus for the textual and the corporeal.� In its account of Wilde's trial on 6 April 1895, for example, The Daily Telegraph fueled anti-French sentiment in its demonization of the besieged Wilde:� \"Everybody can see and read for himself, every honest and wholesome-minded Englishman must grieve to notice how largely this French and Pagan plague has filtered into the healthy fields of British life\" (qtd. in Goodman 76).( 13 )� In moving into exile and, finally, in settling in Paris, Wilde returns to the prototypical nineteenth-century site of Revolution, for that city's name continued to resound throughout the age with the ring of political upheaval and erotic license.�", "Wilde's two final comedies, An Ideal Husband and The Importance of Being Earnest, were still on stage in London at the time of his prosecution, and they were soon closed as the details of his case became public. After two years in prison with hard labour, Wilde went into exile in Paris, sick and depressed, his reputation destroyed in England. In 1898, when no-one else would, Leonard Smithers agreed with Wilde to publish the two final plays. Wilde proved to be a diligent reviser, sending detailed instructions on stage directions, character listings and the presentation of the book, and insisting that a playbill from the first performance be reproduced inside. Ellmann argues that the proofs show a man \"very much in command of himself and of the play\".Ellmann (1988:527) Wilde's name did not appear on the cover, it was \"By the Author of Lady Windermere's Fan\". His return to work was brief though, as he refused to write anything else, \"I can write, but have lost the joy of writing\".", "Oscar Wilde had long been a refugee from the country of his birth. He died in France, and is buried in Pere Lachaise cemetery in Paris, beneath an elaborate Jacob Epstein sculpture, upon which the following lines are inscribed:", "Wilde’s life was winding down. In May 1899 he returned to Paris, to the Hotel d’Alsace. He fell into the life of the cafs, begged money from friends, drank absinthe, and grew fat on cheap food. On 30th November 1900, Wilde died of cerebral meningitis at age 46 after being accepted into the Catholic Church the day before. A wit to the end, during his final fever he is reported to have said, ‘My wallpaper and I are fighting a duel to the death. One or the other of us has to go.’", "On February 18, 1895, the Marquess left a calling card at one of Wilde's clubs, the Albemarle. On the back of the card he wrote \"For Oscar Wilde posing as a Somdomite\" (the final word being a misspelling of 'sodomite').", "Oscar Wilde was born at 21 Westland Row, Dublin (now home of the Oscar Wilde Centre, Trinity College), the second of three children born to Sir William Wilde and Jane Wilde, two years behind William (\"Willie\"). Wilde's mother, under the pseudonym \"Speranza\" (the Italian word for 'Hope'), wrote poetry for the revolutionary Young Irelanders in 1848 and was a lifelong Irish nationalist. She read the Young Irelanders' poetry to Oscar and Willie, inculcating a love of these poets in her sons. Lady Wilde's interest in the neo-classical revival showed in the paintings and busts of ancient Greece and Rome in her home. William Wilde was Ireland's leading oto-ophthalmologic (ear and eye) surgeon and was knighted in 1864 for his services as medical adviser and assistant commissioner to the censuses of Ireland. He also wrote books about Irish archaeology and peasant folklore. A renowned philanthropist, his dispensary for the care of the city's poor at the rear of Trinity College, Dublin, was the forerunner of the Dublin Eye and Ear Hospital, now located at Adelaide Road. On his father's side Wilde was descended from a Dutchman, Colonel de Wilde, who went to Ireland with King William of Orange's invading army in 1690. On his mother's side Wilde's ancestors included a bricklayer from County Durham who emigrated to Ireland sometime in the 1770s. ", "Wilde was a married man with children, but his private life was as a homosexual. He had an affair with a young snobbish aristocrat named Lord Alfred Douglas. Douglas' father, the Marquess of Queensberry, did not approve of his son's relationship with the distinguished writer, and when he accused Wilde of sodomy, Wilde sued the Marquess in court. However, his case was dismissed when his homosexuality--which at the time was outlawed in England--was exposed. He was sentenced to two years hard labor in prison. On his release he was a penniless, dejected man and soon died in Paris. He was 46.", "At the peak of his popularity and achievement, while his showstopper, The Importance of Being Earnest (written in 1895), which was still performed on-stage in London, Wilde had the Marquess of Queensberry indicted for criticism against his works. The father of Wilde’s lover, Lord Alfred Douglas, was the Marquess. The charge conveyed a punishment until two years jail term. The trial uncovered proof that brought on Wilde to let go his charges and prompted his own capture and tried for “gross indecency with other men”. After two more trials he was indicted and detained for a two-year labor. In 1897, while in jail, he composed De Profundis, which was distributed in 1905, a long letter which talks about his otherworldly adventure through his trials, structuring a dull counterpoint to his prior rationality of delight. After being released he quickly fled for France, never to come back to Ireland or Britain. There he composed his final work, The Ballad of Reading Jail (written in 01898), a long sonnet recognizing the cruel rhythms of his time spent in jail. He passed away penniless in Paris at 46 years old.", "After graduating from Magdalen, Wilde returned to Dublin, where he met and fell in love with Florence Balcombe. She in turn became engaged to Bram Stoker. On hearing of her engagement, Wilde wrote to her stating his intention to leave Ireland permanently. He left in 1878 and was to return to his native country only twice, for brief visits. The next six years were spent in London, Paris and the United States, where he travelled to deliver lectures. Wilde's address in the 1881 British Census is given as 1 Tite Street, London. The head of the household is listed as Frank Miles.", "After settling in London, Wilde missed the romance of Paris and he returned here in 1891 following the success of The Picture of Dorian Gray. It was here that he wrote his play Salome in French, and later translated it into English. However, rehearsals in London were halted by the Lord Chamberlain due to a ban on depicting Biblical characters on stage. It would not be performed until 1896, when it was finally staged in its original French at the Comedie-Parisienne. Wilde could not attend. By this time he was in prison, serving out a sentence of two years hard labour. He had been convicted of gross indecency after the exposure of his homosexual relationships.", "Irish playwright and poet Oscar Wilde died in room 16 on November 30, 1900, at the age of 46. A great deal of mystery surrounds his final days in the hotel. There are numerous reports as to the reason for his death, including syphilis and cerebral meningitis resulting from an ear infection. Considered one of the greatest wits to have lived, Wilde’s final words were reputedly, \"My wallpaper and I are fighting a duel to the death. One or other of us has got to go\". The hotel is now regarded as one of the best boutique hotels on the planet, and it exhibits many of Wilde’s mementos from his  stay.", "— Oscar Wilde (1854—1900), Irish-born British dramatist. On accepting a glass of champagne on his deathbed.", "Wilde died in 1900 at the age of 46. Just a month before his death in a modest Paris hotel, he managed to get out of bed, walk to a cafe with a friend, drink absinthe and walk slowly, painfully, home again. ''My wallpaper and I are fighting a duel to the death,'' he announced. ''One or the other of us has to go.''", "Oscar Wilde was born on October 16, 1854, in Dublin, Ireland. He was educated at Trinity College in Dublin and at Magdalen College, Oxford, and settled in London, where he married Constance Lloyd in 1884. In the literary world of Victorian London, Wilde fell in with an artistic crowd that included W. B. Yeats, the great Irish poet, and Lillie Langtry, mistress to the Prince of Wales. A great conversationalist and a famous wit, Wilde began by publishing mediocre poetry but soon achieved widespread fame for his comic plays. The first, Vera; or, The Nihilists, was published in 1880. Wilde followed this work with Lady Windermere’s Fan (1892), A Woman of No Importance (1893), An Ideal Husband (1895), and his most famous play, The Importance of Being Earnest (1895). Although these plays relied upon relatively simple and familiar plots, they rose well above convention with their brilliant dialogue and biting satire.", "2 Oscar Wilde He was born in Dublin in His mother was a writer too. He died in Paris in 1900.", "Oscar Wilde was born in 1854 to a highly respectable and affluent family. He studied at Trinity College, Dublin reading classics and later graduated from Oxford. Wilde is a", "      Wilde was born and educated in Ireland. He studied at Oxford, graduated with honors in 1878, and remained in London. He became a popular society figure valued at dinner parties for his witty remarks. Embracing the late 19th century aesthetic movement, which embraced art for art's sake, Wilde adopted the flamboyant style of a passionate poet and self-published a volume of verse in 1881. He spent the following year in the United States lecturing on poetry and art.", "We hope you enjoyed reading this Oscar Wilde biography. If you think we left out some details about Wilde's life, email us !" ]

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[ "Scarlett O’Hara is the protagonist of Margaret Mitchell’s best-selling Civil War novel, Gone with the Wind; in the film version she was played by Vivien Leigh. Slender and attractive, Scarlett is flirtatious and charming, but doesn’t fit the mould of a typical Southern Belle. Smart, feisty, stubborn and very strong-willed, she nevertheless is inwardly insecure. What makes Scarlett such an interesting character are her many flaws – she is vain, selfish, spoiled, unscrupulous and manipulative, but hard as nails, with an overpowering survival instinct. Scarlett is an English surname from Norman French, referring to someone who dyed or sold brightly-coloured cloth, which was often red. It has been used as a unisex name since the 17th century, but is now usually thought of as feminine. The character’s full name is Katie Scarlett O’Hara, and she was named after her grandmother. Margaret Mitchell originally planned to call her heroine Pansy, and changed it to Scarlett just before the novel went to print. Scarlett first ranked in the 1990s at #467, the decade in which American actress Scarlett Johansson made her film debut. It climbed precipitately to join the Top 100 in the mid-2000s, and is currently #25 nationally, #23 in New South Wales, #17 in Victoria, #33 in Queensland, #17 in South Australia, #22 in Western Australia, #21 in Tasmania, and #26 in the Australian Capital Territory.", "Scarlett O'Hara (full name Katie Scarlett O'Hara Hamilton Kennedy Butler) is the protagonist in Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel Gone with the Wind and in the later film of the same name. She also is the main character in the 1970 musical Scarlett and the 1991 book Scarlett, a sequel to Gone with the Wind that was written by Alexandra Ripley and adapted for a television mini-series in 1994. During early drafts of the original novel, Mitchell referred to her heroine as \"Pansy\", and did not decide on the name \"Scarlett\" until just before the novel went to print", "The original name for Scarlett O'Hara was Pansy O'Hara. The original names for Melanie were Permelia and Melisanda. And the original name for Tara was Fountenoy Hall", "O'Hara is the oldest living child of Gerald and Ellen O'Hara. She was born on her family's plantation Tara in Georgia. She was named Katie Scarlett, after her father's mother, but is always called Scarlett, except by her father, who refers to her as \"Katie Scarlett.\" She is from a Catholic family of Irish and French ancestry, and a descendent of an aristocratic Savannah family on her mother's side (the Robillards). O'Hara has black hair, green eyes, and pale skin. She is famous for her fashionably small waist. Scarlett has two younger sisters, Susan Elinor (\"Suellen\") O'Hara and Caroline Irene (\"Carreen\") O'Hara, and three little brothers who died in infancy. Her baby brothers are buried in the family burying ground at Tara, and each was named Gerald O'Hara, Jr.", "Vivian Mary Hartley, later known as Vivien Leigh and Lady Olivier (5 November 1913 - 8 July 1967), was an English stage and film actress. She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress for her performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949. She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway version of Tovarich (1963).", "Born on 17 August 1920, O'Hara began life as Maureen FitzSimons on Beechwood Avenue in the Dublin suburb of Ranelagh. She states that she was \"born into the most remarkable and eccentric family I could have possibly hoped for\". O'Hara was the second oldest of six children of Charles and Marguerite (née Lilburn) FitzSimons, and the only red-headed sibling in the family. Her father was in the clothing business and bought into Shamrock Rovers Football Club, a team O'Hara supported from childhood. She inherited her beauty and singing voice from her mother, a former operatic contralto and successful women's clothier who in her younger years was widely considered to have been one of Ireland's most beautiful women. O'Hara noted that whenever her mother left the house, men would leave their houses just so they could catch a glimpse of her in the street. O'Hara's siblings were Peggy, the oldest, and younger Charles, Florrie, Margot, and Jimmy. Peggy dedicated her life to a religious order, becoming a Sister of Charity.", "In any case, Leigh was cast—despite public protest that the role was too \"American\" for an English actress—and Leigh eventually won an Academy Award for her performance. Some similarities between Scarlett and Vivien Leigh, the actress who played her are striking: Both were ambitious, both wanted little to do with motherhood. both swore they would never again have a child.  Scarlett and Leigh came from similar Irish/French backgrounds.  Both were hailed as great beauties--although author Margaret Mitchell made sure to state that Scarlett was no beauty in the traditional sense.  Neither lasted well in long-term, traditional relationships and found friedships equally hard to sustain.  However, Viven Leigh suffered from complex mental illnesses that are difficult to picture plaguing the indomitable Scarlett O'Hara Hamilton Kennedy Butler.", "Scarlett O'Hara is the main character in the 1970 musical Scarlett and the 1991 book Scarlett, considered a vastly inferior sequel to Gone with the Wind written under contract by Alexandra Ripley and adapted for a television mini-series in 1994. Initially, author Margret Mitchell referred to her heroine as \"Pansy\" until just before publication.  Upon advice from her editor, who felt readers would relate to the fiery character better under a  more dramatic name, she changed the name to \"Scarlett\".", "* Ellen (Robillard) O'Hara: is Scarlett's gracious mother of French ancestry. Ellen married Gerald O'Hara, who was 28 years her senior, after her true love, Philippe Robillard, was killed in a bar fight. She is Scarlett's ideal of a \"great lady\". Ellen ran all aspects of the household and nursed negro slaves as well as poor white trash.Part 1, chapter 3 She dies from typhoid in August 1864 after nursing Emmie Slattery.", "Hollywood was in the midst of a widely publicised search to find an actress to portray Scarlett O’Hara in David O. Selznick’s production of Gone with the Wind (1939). Leigh’s American theatrical agent was the London representative of the Myron Selznick Agency (Myron was David’s brother). In February 1938, Leigh asked that she be allowed to play Scarlett O’Hara. Selznick, who watched her performance that month in Fire Over England and A Yank at Oxford, thought her to be excellent but in no way a possible Scarlett, as she was “too British”. Leigh travelled to Los Angeles to be with Olivier and to try to convince Selznick that she was Scarlett. When Myron Selznick, who also represented Olivier, met Leigh, he felt that she possessed the qualities his brother was searching for. Myron Selznick took Leigh and Olivier to the set where the burning of the Atlanta Depot scene was being filmed and introduced Leigh, telling his brother, “Hey, genius. Meet your Scarlett O’Hara.” The following day, Leigh read a scene for Selznick, who organised a screen test and wrote to his wife, “She’s the Scarlett dark horse and looks damn good. Not for anyone’s ear but your own: it’s narrowed down to Paulette Goddard, Jean Arthur, Joan Bennett, and Vivien Leigh”. The director, George Cukor, concurred and praised Leigh’s “incredible wildness”; she secured her role as Scarlett soon after.[19]", "However, the film was appreciated in its debut and is still remembered more for the passions of its protagonist than for its outstanding musical score and the masterful use of effects. As Nugent noted in his review, “Miss Leigh’s Scarlett is the pivot of the picture, as she was of the novel, and it is a column of strength in a film that is part history, part spectacle and all biography.” Scarlett O’Hara’s quest to win Ashley Wilkes’s love and Scarlett’s fight for her home,Tara, are the movie’s primary plot ingredients; these storylines are convoluted by Scarlett’s three marriages and William Tecumseh Sherman’s march through Georgia.", "Vivien Leigh, whose father is French and mother Irish, will play the role of Scarlett O'Hara, whose father was Irish and mother French.", "Today trained docents walk you through the events of Mitchell’s life revealing this remarkable woman who, it soon becomes clear, was the real life model for the fictional character of Scarlett O’Hara.  Mitchell, like her heroine, was sassy, flirtatious, irresistible to men, and not to be trifled with.  Considerably ahead of her time, Mitchell defied convention to become one of the first female journalists at the Atlanta Journal.", "It is on the grim Civil war and its survivors that Margaret Mitchell based her best-selling, Pulitzer Prize winning novel, Gone With the Wind (published in 1936). Set in the pre-war Old South, Mitchell writes about the fictional life of one of literature’s and the silver screen’s most memorable heroines, Scarlett O’Hara. Scarlett was a sixteen year-old girl living on her father’s plantation when the war broke out. The 1000- page plus, doorstopper of a novel chronicles her life as she struggled not only for her own survival but also for that of her family and other household members (slaves) as they fought off Yankees. Running parallel to this storyline is Scarlett’s rather tumultuous love life (she was married three times) and most famously, the love triangle between Scarlett, Ashley Wilkes and the dashing Captain Rhett Butler.", "In this novel, we get to follow Scarlett O’Hara on all of her adventures, no matter where they take her.  As always, she has a deep longing to get back to Tara and rebuild.  However, fate takes her in very different directions.  She learns more about her mother and father and is introduced to relatives on both sides.  She learns why her father named their beloved plantation “Tara” and reconnects with her Irish heritage.", "Director Victor Fleming looking at Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O’Hara, who is standing in doorway, wearing red gown.", "Maureen O'Hara (born Maureen FitzSimons; 17 August 192024 October 2015) was an Irish actress and singer. The famously red-headed O'Hara was known for her beauty and playing fiercely passionate but sensible heroines, often in westerns and adventure films. She worked on numerous occasions with director John Ford and longtime friend John Wayne, and was one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood.", "The 1939 film version of Gone With the Wind  Scarlett O'Hara is strongly similar to the character in the original novel in looks, character and behavior but there are some noticeable plot differences. In the book, Scarlett gives birth to three children: Wade Hampton Hamilton, Ella Lorena Kennedy, and Eugenie Victoria \"Bonnie Blue\" Butler. In the film version only Bonnie is featured. ", "The actress was cast as heroine Scarlett O’Hara in the 1939 film version of “Gone with the Wind” after a long search by the production company behind the film. Leigh was one of two British actors to portray the four Southern main characters, with actor Leslie Howard, who portrayed Ashley Wilkes, also hailing from England. Leigh won a Best Actress Oscar for her role in the film.", "After the Civil War , Gerald O'Hara (Scarlett's father, who owns the plantation Tara), scolds his daughter about the way she is treating Mammy and Prissy. \"You must be firm to the inferior, but gentle\", he advises her. While Scarlett was criticized for being too harsh on the house servants, Gerald's premise that black people are \"inferior\" never gets questioned in the film at all.", "3. Margaret Mitchell – Mitchell’s epic Gone with the Wind is one of the best-selling novels of all time. She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937 and the film adaptation became the highest-grossing film in Hollywood history. Raised in Georgia amongst the relics of fashionable, genteel women, it shouldn’t be too surprising that the woman who created Scarlett O’Hara had serious style — even in black and white.", "Irish film actress and singer. The famously red-headed O'Hara has been noted for playing fiercely passionate heroines with a highly sensible attitude. She often worked with director John Ford and longtime friend John Wayne. Click picture to view official Maureen O' Hara websight.", "O'Hara's last film of 1947 was playing a Creole woman opposite Rex Harrison in John M. Stahl's The Foxes of Harrow, set in pre-Civil War New Orleans. TCM state that O'Hara had been \"angling\" to star in Forever Amber (1947), Fox's big historical romance at the time, but believe that due to a contractual clause, neither of her joint contract owners, Fox and RKO, would accept her appearing in a \"major star vehicle\" at the time. During the production O'Hara and Harrison intensely disliked each other from the outset, and she found him to be \"rude, vulgar, and arrogant\". Harrison had thought that she disliked him simply because he was British. He reportedly belched in her face during dance sequences and accused her of anti-Semitism, being married to a Jewish woman (Lilli Palmer) at the time, which she vehemently denied. Variety, while acknowledging the length, thought that O'Hara and Harrison carried off their dramatic scenes with \"surprising skill\". The following year, O'Hara starred opposite Robert Young in the commercially successful comedy film, Sitting Pretty. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times praised O'Hara and Young as husband and wife, remarking that they were \"delightfully clever\", acting with \"elaborate indignation, alternating with good-natured despair\". ", "After a legendary casting call, Leigh was selected to play Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939), for which she won her first Best Actress Oscar. Leigh worked sparingly in the 1940s in such films as Anna Karenina (1948) and experienced a career revival with A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), for which she received her second Best Actress Oscar.", "*Scarlett O'Hara and Rhett Butler (1994) based on the 1939 feature film, Gone with the Wind, played by Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable Hollywood Legends Collection.", "Maureen O'Hara August 17, 1920 an Irish film actress and singer. The famously red-headed O'Hara has been noted for playing fiercely passionate heroines with a highly sensible attitude. She often worked with director John Ford and longtime friend John Wayne. Her autobiography, 'Tis Herself , was published in 2004.", "The feisty Irish redhead Maureen O’Hara is best known as John Wayne’s love interest in 5 of his best known movies. Yet, she also starred with other leading men like Tyrone Power, Victor McLagen, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., Paul Henreid, John Garfield, and Joel McCrea. Not to mention, she took time off from acting to be the first women CEO and president of an airline, that she took over after her third husband’s death in a plane crash.", "Seen through the prism of today’s sensibilities, Scarlett O’Hara is the perfect anti-hero.  Deeply flawed, at times downright contemptible, she nevertheless wins our admiration.", "24) Maureen O'Hara - The Irish born O'Hara had looks for the movie screen.  Her long career matched the beauty of her face.  She is the most gorgeous natural redhead on the list.  Most women would be green with envy, but O'Hara's beauty may outlast a few of Ireland's deep valleys. Well, probably not.   ", "O'Hara had a reputation in Hollywood for bossiness, and John Wayne once referred to her as \"the greatest guy I ever met\". Rick Kogan of The Chicago Tribune quotes her in saying that she and Wayne shared many similarities, and took \"no nonsense from anybody\".", "O’Hara came to Hollywood to star in the 1939 “The Hunchback of Notre Dame” and went on to a long career.", "The popularity of “How Green Was My Valley” confirmed O’Hara’s status as a Hollywood star. RKO and Fox shared her contract, and her most successful films were made at Fox." ]

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[ "Shipwrecked and cast ashore onto an uninhabited island, Robinson Crusoe ingeniously carves out a solitary, primitive existence for twenty-four years. Eventually, he meets a young native whom he saves from death at the hands of cannibals. He calls him Man Friday and makes him his companion and servant. Crusoe and Friday share in a variety of adventures, including a fierce battle with cannibals which culminates in the heroes recapturing a mutinous ship and returning to England.", "Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe (1719) tells of a man's shipwreck on a deserted island and his subsequent adventures. The author based part of his narrative on the story of the Scottish castaway Alexander Selkirk, who spent four years stranded on the island of Juan Fernandez.[4] He may have also been inspired by the Latin or English translation of a book by the Andalusian-Arab Muslim polymath Ibn Tufail, who was known as \"Abubacer\" in Europe. The Latin edition of the book was entitled Philosophus Autodidactus and it was an earlier novel that is also set on a deserted island.[14][15][16][17]", "Crusoe's fictional autobiographical account of his twenty-eight years shipwrecked on a remote island against incredible odds is continued in The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1719) and Serious Reflections During the Life and Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1720). First published when he was almost sixty years old, Defoe is considered by many to have written the first English novel. He wrote Crusoe in the style of social realism in which he is the observant reporter, historian, humorist, and grand story teller. With his extraordinary bibliography comprising myriad historical, satirical and political writings, Defoe's most famous novel was an immediate success.", "Yet the story is believed to be based on the real-life experience of sailor Alexander Selkirk , the real Robinson Crusoe, marooned in 1704 on a small tropical island in the Pacific for more than four years, and now archaeological evidence has been found to support contemporary records of his existence on the island.", " �The Life and strange surprising adventures of Robinson Crusoe of York, Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years , all alone in an un-inhabited Island on the coast of America, near the mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque: Having been cast on shore by shipwreck, where-in all the men perished but himself. With an account of how he was at last as strangely delivered by Pyrates. Written by Himself.�", "The title character leaves his comfortable middle-class home in England to go to sea. Surviving shipwreck, he lives on an island for 28 years, alone for most of the time until he saves the life of a “savage,” whom he names Friday. The two men eventually leave the island for England.", "Robinson Crusoe is a classic novel written by Daniel Defoe in the 18th century. The book is unique for being presented as an autobiography of the title character who lived as a castaway on a remote island for almost thirty years.", "The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Of York, Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an un-inhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. With An Account how he was at last as strangely deliver'd by Pyrates", "On the other hand, it is likely that Robinson Crusoe was based on the true story of Alexander Selkirk, a Scottish sailor marooned for four years and four months on a South Pacific island well below the Tropic of Capricorn.", "Generations of children have been spellbound by Robinson Crusoe's exploits, but few are aware of the real-life figure who inspired the classic. Now, 300 years after he left his island prison, scientists have pieced together how the real Crusoe managed to survive.", "    Oh, and get this. Robinson Crusoe may or may not have been based on the true story of a real-life castaway. Yeah. His name was Alexander Selkirk , and he was a Scottish sailor who got stranded on his own desert island off the coast of Chile for four very long years. Selkirk was eventually rescued in 1709 and his story appeared in print and periodicals in England. Did Defoe use him as the basis for his own Crusoe? It's entirely possible.", "   Robinson Crusoe friday. Alexander Selkirk (1676-1721) was a Scottish sailor who spent four years as a castaway after being marooned on an uninhabited island in the Southern Pacific.", "Once known as Mas a Tierra (“closer to land”), Robinson Crusoe Island was renamed to reflect the fact that Alexander Selkirk, who is thought to be the marooned sailor whose story inspired Defoe’s classic, was stranded here between 1704 and 1709. Located over 400 miles off the coast of Chile in the south Pacific, Robinson Crusoe Island is full of steep mountains, valleys, and ridges. Wildlife lovers will delight in exploring the more than a hundred endemic plant species as well as numerous unique insects. The rare and endangered red hummingbird and the Masatierra petrel can be found on this island’s shores. Spiny lobsters are the lifeblood of the local economy, and tourists enjoy scuba diving among the wreck of the World War I German cruiser known as the Dresden. A three-hour flight from Santiago will bring you to the local air strip, and from there, a ferry boat will take you to the main population centre of San Juan Bautista.", "Years later, Crusoe joins an expedition to bring slaves from Africa, but he is shipwrecked in a storm about forty miles out to sea on an island (which he calls the Island of Despair) near the mouth of the Orinoco river on 30 September 1659. The details of Crusoe's island were probably based on the Caribbean island of Tobago, since that island lies a short distance north of the Venezuelan coast near the mouth of the Orinoco river, in sight of Trinidad. He observes the latitude as 9 degrees and 22 minutes north. He sees penguins and seals on his island. (However, seals and penguins live together in the Northern Hemisphere only around the Galápagos Islands.) As for his arrival there, only he and three animals, the captain's dog and two cats, survive the shipwreck. Overcoming his despair, he fetches arms, tools and other supplies from the ship before it breaks apart and sinks. He builds a fenced-in habitat near a cave which he excavates. By making marks in a wooden cross, he creates a calendar. By using tools salvaged from the ship, and some he makes himself from \"ironwood\", he hunts, grows barley and rice, dries grapes to make raisins, learns to make pottery and raises goats. He also adopts a small parrot. He reads the Bible and becomes religious, thanking God for his fate in which nothing is missing but human society.", "The island was home to the marooned sailor Alexander Selkirk from 1704 to 1709, and is thought to have inspired novelist Daniel Defoe's fictional Robinson Crusoe in his 1719 novel about the character. To reflect the literary lore associated with the island and to attract tourists, the Chilean government renamed the location Robinson Crusoe Island in 1966.", "The story of Alexander Selkirk, the Scottish sailor who spent four years as a castaway, was the inspiration behind Daniel Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe as well as Gulliver's Travels. Selkirk was a sailor serving under Captain Thomas Stradling. In mid-expedition the captain made a stop for more supplies. Selkirk voiced his concern about the security of the ship with the extra weight carried on it. He tried and failed to rally others not to continue on. Stradling then decided to leave Selkirk alone on the island of Juan Fernández.", "The original pantomime plot took its basis from Defoe�s novel. The story in short is that Robinson Crusoe is shipwrecked on a desert island, has adventures involving the cannibals, meets up with Man Friday and is rescued.", "A popular fiction story written by Daniel Defoe depicts a wealthy young man who travels around the world and eventually becomes shipwrecked and stranded on an island. The young man, Robinson Crusoe, is then forced to make a life for himself on the island, completely secluded from all other humans.", "Selkirk's experience was not unique; there were numerous stories of solitary castaways who survived for years before being rescued. In fact, Selkirk is not the only man to have been stranded on Juan Fernandez Island; one castaway lived there for five years; an Indian whose European name was Robin (no last name given) lived there for three years. I have included the description of Robin's experience and rescue.", "Before the Spaniards return, an English ship appears; mutineers have taken control of the ship and intend to maroon their former captain on the island. Crusoe and the ship's captain strike a deal, in which he helps the captain and the loyalist sailors retake the ship from the mutineers, whereupon they intend to leave the worst of the mutineers on the island. Before they leave for England, Crusoe shows the former mutineers how he lived on the island, and states that there will be more men coming. Crusoe leaves the island December 19th, 1686, and arrives back in England June 11th, 1687. He learns that his family believed him dead and there was nothing in his father's will for him. However, his estate in Brazil granted him a large amount of wealth. In conclusion, he takes his wealth over land to England to avoid travelling at sea. Friday comes with him and along the way they endure one last adventure together as they fight off hundreds of famished wolves while crossing the Pyrenees.", "Defoe went on to write a lesser-known sequel, The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (1719). It was intended to be the last part of his stories, according to the original title page of its first edition, but a third part, Serious Reflections During the Life & Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, With His Vision of the Angelic World (1720), was later added.", "In an 1840 narrative, Two Years Before the Mast, Richard Henry Dana, Jr. described the port of Juan Fernandez as a young prison colony. The penal institution was soon abandoned and the island again uninhabited before a permanent colony was eventually established in the latter part of the 19th century. Joshua Slocum visited the island between 26 April and 5 May 1896, during his solo global circumnavigation on the sloop Spray. The island and its 45 inhabitants are referred to in detail in Slocum's memoir, Sailing Alone Around the World. ", "The island where Selkirk left his ship is now called Robinson Crusoe Island; it was formerly known as Más a Tierra or Aguas Buenas.", "a Tierra (today known as Robinson Crusoe Island), over 400 miles off the west coast of", "Robinson Crusoe had an estimated population of 843 in 2012. Most of the island's inhabitants live in the village of San Juan Bautista on the north coast at Cumberland Bay. Although the community maintains a rustic serenity dependent on the spiny lobster trade, residents employ a few vehicles, a satellite Internet connection and televisions. The main airstrip on the island is near the tip of the island's southwestern peninsula. The flight from Santiago de Chile is just under three hours. A ferry runs from the airstrip to San Juan Bautista. ", "Alone on a desert island. That's been a favorite subject of fantasies, stories, vacation promotions and cartoons--not to mention a Tom Hanks movie. And we owe it all to Daniel Defoe, whose \"The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe\" became an instant bestseller when it was published in 1719. But to what or whom did Defoe owe it all? That's the question that Tim Severin sets out to answer in his new book, \"In Search of Robinson Crusoe.\"", "Defoe is said to have named his hero Robinson Crusoe after spotting the name on a gravestone. The novel became very popular, and created a fashion for stories about shipwrecked sailors and desert islands.", "             The video also shows a large contrast between Crusoe's life on the island and Selkirk's. While Defoe borrows elements from Selkirk's adventures to help construct the world of Robinson Crusoe, Defoe creates Crusoe to be a much more idealized character than Selkirk; which may be attributed to Defoe's view on the creation of a civilization as a Puritan. For instance, Selkirk dedicates his time almost entirely to the construction of shelter and the gathering of food whereas Crusoe goes beyond the necessities and takes time to write a journal and read the bible.", "Defoe imagines in extraordinary detail the practical difficulties involved in building a house and a boat, in domesticating the local animals, and in coping with unwelcome neighbours. This is a cannibal island. The native whom Crusoe rescues from their clutches on a Friday becomes his faithful servant, Man Friday.", "By the end of the 19th century, no book in English literary history had enjoyed more editions, spin-offs and translations than Robinson Crusoe, with more than 700 alternative versions, including illustrated children’s versions. The now-forgotten term “Robinsonade” was coined to describe the Crusoe genre, which still flourishes and was recently revived by Hollywood in the Tom Hanks film, Castaway (2000).", "Posted By kev67 at Sun 16 Aug 2015, 4:57 PM in Robinson Crusoe || 8 Replies", "* Daniel Defoe, author of Robinson Crusoe, was likely inspired by accounts of real-life castaway Alexander Selkirk, a crew member on Dampier's voyages. " ]

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[ "4. WHAT ONE WORD WAS INTENTIONALLY LEFT OUT OF THE MOVIE VERSION OF MARIO PUZO'S NOVEL THE GODFATHER, EVEN THOUGH THIS WORD WAS THE WORKING TITLE OF THE BOOK?", "What one word was intentionally left out of the movie version of Mario Puzo's novel, \"The Godfather\". even though this word was the working title of the book?", "One of the primary parts of Puzo's novel which was not used for the movie was the flashback story of Vito Corleone's earlier life, including the circumstances of his emigration to America, his early family life, his murder of Don Fanucci , and his rise in importance in the Mafia, all of which were later used in The Godfather Part II .", "Mario Gianluigi Puzo (October 15, 1920 – July 2, 1999) was a two time Academy Award-winning Italian American author and screenwriter, known for his novels about the Mafia, especially The Godfather (1969), which he later co-adapted into the legendary film with Francis Ford Coppola.", "The novel and film also differ on the fates of Michael's bodyguards in Sicily, Fabrizio and Calò . The film has them both surviving (Calò, in fact, appears in the third installment). In the book, however, it is stated that Calò dies along with Apollonia in the car explosion, and Fabrizio, implicated as an accomplice in the bombing, is shot and killed as one more victim in the famous \"baptism scene\" after he is tracked down running a pizza parlor in Buffalo . Fabrizio's murder was deleted from the film but publicity photos of the scene exist. [22] (He is later killed in a completely different scene in The Godfather Saga which was deleted from The Godfather Part II.)", "The Godfather is a crime novel written by American author Mario Puzo, originally published in 1969 by G. P. Putnam's Sons. It details the story of a fictitious Sicilian Mafia family based in New York City (and Long Beach, NY) and headed by Don Vito Corleone, who became synonymous with the Italian Mafia. The novel covers the years 1945 to 1955, and also provides the backstory of Vito Corleone from early childhood to adulthood.", "In 1984, Puzo's literary sequel to The Godfather was published. Entitled The Sicilian, it chronicles the life of \"Giuliano\" (Salvatore Giuliano) but the Corleone family is featured heavily throughout, Michael Corleone in particular. Chronologically this story sits between Michael's exile to Sicily in 1950 to his return to the USA. For copyright reasons, the Corleone family involvement was cut from the Michael Cimino film adaptation, which is not considered part of the Godfather film series.", "The Godfather is a 1972 American crime film directed by Francis Ford Coppola and produced by Albert S. Ruddy from a screenplay by Mario Puzo and Coppola. Based on Puzo's 1969 novel of the same name , the film stars Marlon Brando and Al Pacino as the leaders of a powerful New York crime family . The story, spanning the years 1945 to 1955 , centers on the transformation of Michael Corleone (Pacino) from reluctant family outsider to ruthless Mafia boss while also chronicling the Corleone family under the patriarch Vito Corleone (Brando).", "'I'll make him an offer he can't refuse' – \"The Godfather,\" directed by Francis Ford Coppola, took home several Academy Awards in March 1973, including Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay. The film was based on the best-selling novel by Mario Puzo and starred, from left, James Caan, Marlon Brando, Al Pacino and John Cazale. Brando won the Oscar for Best Actor.", "The Godfather is a 1972 crime film directed and co-written by Francis Ford Coppola based on the the novel of the same name authored by the screenplay's co-writer Mario Puzo. The film starred Marlon Brando, Al Pacino, Robert Duvall, Diane Keaton and James Caan. The film was subsequently followed with The Godfather Part II in 1974, The Godfather Part III in 1990, and a 2006 video game based on the film.", "An adaptation of a Mario Puzo novel, The Godfather, was a box-office and critical success in 1972. The three-hour epic followed a Mafia boss, played by Marlon Brando, through his life of crime. Beyond the violence and drama were themes of love, pride, and greed. The Godfather went on to earn $134 million at American box office, and $245 million throughout the world, becoming the highest grossing film of all time. It won Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Actor, and Best Screenplay. Its director Francis Ford Coppola was passed over in favor of Bob Fosse and his musical, Cabaret, which also earned an Oscar for its star, Liza Minnelli. The Godfather Part II followed in 1974, with roughly the same principal cast and crew, earning Oscars for star Robert De Niro, its director, composer, screenwriters and art directors. The film also earned the Best Picture Oscar for that year.", "Mario Puzo wrote novels based on the principles of Omertà and the Cosa Nostra. His best known works in that vein are the trilogy The Godfather, The Sicilian, and Omertà. The final book of the series, Omertà, was finished before his death but published posthumously in 2000 from his manuscript.", "The author of the worldâs bestseller book Godfather, Mario Puzo was an Italian-American author and screenwriter who introduced and acquired fame for his mastery in the crime fiction. He had served in the American Army during the World War II before he could make his mark as a world bestseller after a long period of struggle as a writer. Mario Puzo wrote his first novel The Dark Arena during the World War that was published in 1955 and brought him the fame that was followed by his second and third novel The Fortunate Pilgrim and The Runaway Summer of Davie Shaw respectively. His next work The Godfather was the first book that made him a legendry figure winning him the Academy Award and paved way for its sequel The Godfather II. In no time, Mario Puzo was catapulted into front ranks of American authors with the huge success of other novels like The Sicilian and Fools Die. He was a two time winner of academy award winning it in 1972 and 1974 respectively.", "The concept of a mafia \"Godfather\" was an invention of Mario Puzo's and the film's effect was to add the fictional nomenclature to the language. Similarly, Don Vito Corleone's unforgettable \"I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse\"voted the second most memorable line in cinema history in AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes by the American Film Institutewas adopted by actual gangsters. In the French novel Le Père Goriot, Honoré de Balzac wrote of Vautrin telling Eugene: \"In that case I will make you an offer that no one would decline.\" According to Anthony Fiato, Patriarca crime family members Paulie Intiso and Nicky Giso modeled their speech on Brando's portrayal. Intiso would frequently swear and use poor grammar; but after the movie came out, he started to articulate and philosophize more.", "The Godfather Part II is a 1974 motion picture directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a script he co-wrote with Mario Puzo. The film is both a sequel and a prequel to The Godfather, chronicling the continuing saga of the Corleone family following the events of the first film while also providing an in-depth look at the rise to power of a young Vito Corleone.", "Following the reaction from the third installment, Coppola stated that the idea of a fourth picture was discussed, but eventually never went into production as Puzo died before they had a chance to write the film, stating he and Puzo discussed a potential script told in a similar narrative to Part II, seeing De Niro reprise his role as a younger Vito Corleone in the 1930s with a young Sonny Corleone gaining the families' political power, and a latter story featured during the 1980s seeing Andy García reprise his role as Vincent Corleone haunted by the death of his cousin Mary, running the family business through a ten-year destructive war and eventually losing the families' respect and power, seeing one final scene with Michael Corleone before his death. García has since claimed the film's script was nearly produced. Puzo's portion of the potential sequel, dealing with the Corleone family in the early 1930s, was eventually expanded into a novel by Ed Falco and released in 2012 as The Family Corleone. The estate of Puzo had sought to keep Paramount Pictures from producing a feature film based on the novel. This has been resolved, with Paramount gaining the rights to make more Godfather films. ", "In the early 2000s, an author named Mark Winegardner published two books , entitled The Godfather Returns and The Godfather's Revenge, which in many ways are sequels to Part II. In many ways, the new novels read very much as if written in Mario Puzo's own hand, only enhanced in quality and subtly altering facts which simply did not fit . Eventually, in the closing chapters of the second book, we learn that Nick Geraci , a Winegardner original character who had died trying to take over the Corleone family business, had written his memoirs while in exile and had them published posthumously. Which, in time, are...", "\"The Godfather\" series of films is of course based on \"The Godfather\" novel by Mario Puzo, first published in 1969. Francis Ford Coppola worked with Puzo in partnership to adapt his novel into the screenplay for the first film, and to write the screenplays for the two sequels. Coppola holds that there are really only two films in \"The Godfather\" series, with \"The Godfather Part III\" actually being the epilogue.", "Some controversy surrounds the title of the book and its underworld implications. Although it is widely reported that Puzo was inspired to use \" Godfather \" as a designator for a Mafia leader from his experience as a reporter, the term The Godfather was first used in connection with the Mafia during Joe Valachi's testimony during the 1963 United States congressional hearing on organized crime.", "Perhaps the most astonishing aspect of the movie's success was that it was repeated again and again, as ''The Godfather'' gave rise to ''The Godfather, Part II'' (1974) and ''The Godfather, Part III'' (1990), both also with screenplays by Mr. Puzo and Mr. Coppola. Playing various Corleones, Mr. Brando, Mr. Pacino and Robert De Niro gave some of their most memorable screen performances, as did Robert Duvall, James Caan and Diane Keaton in other roles. There has been talk of a possible ''Godfather, Part IV,'' tailored to another Italian-American movie star, Leonardo DiCaprio. Mr. Puzo's agent said the author knew nothing of that.", "Puzo's most famous work, The Godfather (1969), was encouraged by a suggestion of the publisher of his The Fortunate Pilgrim (1965) who thought that if there was more mafia that it would have been more successful. A story outline was prepared and presented to the publisher who rejected it. After several publishers were approached, Putnam editors met with him without having read the outline. He told them a few stories and the project was approved. With the advance, he got on with the project. He had heard anecdotes about Mafia organizations during his time in pulp journalism.", "The setbacks of the first two books did not stop Puzo from giving it another try and this time he produced a bestseller. The Godfather was published in 1969 which was a huge success. It remained on The New York Times bestsellers list for sixty-seven weeks establishing Puzo as one of the greatest writers in the world. The success made way for two sequels, The Godfather II and The Godfather III. The saga was adapted to screen by director, Francis Ford Coppola which made The Godfather a worldwide phenomenon.", "When Mr. Puzo wrote ''The Godfather'' in the late 1960's, he did it reluctantly. His first two novels had received favorable reviews but had earned him a total of $6,500. At 45 and in debt, he thought he was going downhill fast as a writer. But he had some favorite stories to tell about the Mafia, and for the money, he decided to write a book about Italian-Americans in organized crime. From the author's account, he had scant encouragement from publishers and received an advance of only $5,000. But when the book was published in 1969, it became one of the most phenomenal successes in literary and cinematic history.", "NEW YORK (AP) - Mario Puzo, who won two Oscars for his adaptation of his best-selling novel \"The Godfather\" and romanticized the Mafia with his depiction of the fiercely loyal and honor-bound Corleone family, died of heart failure Friday. He was 78.", "BAY SHORE, N.Y. (Reuters) - Mario Puzo, author of the best-seller \"The Godfather\" which spawned the Mafia film trilogy, died Friday of heart failure at his Long Island home, his agent said. He was 78.", "Because of his insights into crime and crime families, it was assumed that Mr. Puzo wrote from firsthand experience. One of the oddities of his career is that when it came to the Mafia, he was very much an outsider. As he wrote in 1972 in ''The Godfather Papers and Other Writings,'' ''I'm ashamed to admit that I wrote 'The Godfather' entirely from research. I never met a real honest-to-God gangster. I knew the gambling world pretty good, but that's all.''", "\"The Godfather\" arrived in 1969 and exploded to the top of the best-seller lists. After its success, Puzo was often asked if he had ties to organized crime - and his answer was always no.", "Unlike his depiction in the Academy Award-winning 1972 film , crime-boss Corleone utters these last words in the original novel before suffering a heart attack while playing with his grandson.", "Author Mario Puzo co-wrote the screenplay for The Godfather Part II, based on his epic family saga The Godfather . He shared the Oscar for best adapted screenplay with Francis Ford Copppla, who also directed.", "Puzo spent the last three years on \"Omerta,\" about a mob family on the brink of legitimacy. \"Omerta\" is the word for the mob's code of silence; the book is due out in July 2000.", "Puzo won a pair of Oscars for cowriting the screenplays of the first two Godfather movies with Coppola. The two men also collaborated on 1990's less-acclaimed The Godfather, Part III.", "Mario Puzo, Author Who Made 'The Godfather' a World Addiction, Is Dead at 78 - The New York Times" ]

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[ "Mandrake was also the first comic strip with a racially integrated cast of crime-fighters. Mandrake's partner in adventure is the gigantic Lothar, and the two of them have been fighting evildoers for decades! Mandrake is also aided by his wife, the lovely and exotic Princess Narda.", "Leon Mandrake, the stage magician, who was known for his top hat, pencil line moustache and scarlet-lined cape, is sometimes thought to be the basis for the origin of the strip. But Leon Mandrake actually chose his stage name to match the popular strip and later legally change his surname from Giglio to Mandrake. The resemblance between the comic strip hero and the real life magician was close enough to allow Leon to at least passively allow the illusion that the strip was based on his stage persona. Leon Mandrake, who toured as Mandrake the Magician, was accompanied at the time the strip began by Narda, his first wife and stage assistant who appears in the strip. Velvet, his life-time partner would also later make appearances in the strip along with his real-life side-kick, Lothar. In fact, Leon Mandrake had been performing for well over ten years before Lee Falk introduced the comic strip character. Davis, the strip's creator became good friends and corresponded for years afterwards.", "Often credited as \"The Strongest Man in the World,\" Lothar lives up to this title. Lothar is Mandrake's best friend and crime fighting partner. He first met Mandrake when the magician was traveling through Africa. Lothar was the \"Prince of the Seven Nations,\" a great union of tribes. He gave up a chance to be king to travel the globe with Mandrake fighting evil in all its forms.", "In the animated series Defenders of the Earth (1986-87), Mandrake the Magician teams with fellow King Features adventurers Flash Gordon and The Phantom . Mandrake's friend Lothar also has a prominent role, as well as a teenage son nicknamed L.J. who was also a martial artist. Mandrake has an adoptive son of Asian blood named Kshin, whom he's training as his apprentice and heir. Peter Renaday was the voice of Mandrake and Buster Jones the voice of Lothar. The entire series has been released by BCI Eclipse in two DVD sets.", "Mandrake the Magician inspired several other comic characters with magic powers, including Zatara , Kardak the Mystic Magician, Monako, Dakor the Magician, Ibis the Invincible , Mantor the Magician, Sargon the Sorcerer , Mr. Mystic , The Wizard , Mysto, Magician Detective, and the short-lived Jim the Magician (Jadugar Jim in Hindi) by [Sudhir Tailang] in India.", "In Mad #14 (August 1954), Mandrake was spoofed as \"Manduck\". He lives in a city dump, which he convinces visitors is a palatial home by \"gesturing hypnotically\". In this story, he matches wits with The Shadow ; he, Lothar (called \"Loathar\"), and The Shadow all gesture hypnotically at each other and after a huge explosion only Lothar (looking like Manduck) remains. In another issue, Manduck pulls off the trick of turning Loathar into a six-foot-tall blonde woman.", "Mandrake the Magician inspired several other comic characters with magic powers, including Zatara , Kardak the Mystic Magician , Monako , Dakor the Magician , Ibis the Invincible , Mantor the Magician , Sargon the Sorcerer , Mr. Mystic , The Wizard , and Mysto, Magician Detective .", "In 1939, Columbia produced a 12-part Mandrake the Magician serial, based on the King Features strip, starring Warren Hull as Mandrake and Al Kikume as Lothar. The serial is available on DVD.", "Mandrake the Magician , a comic strip character, wears a top hat; as does Lord Snooty from the British children's comic The Beano .", "In 1939, Columbia produced a 12-part Mandrake the Magician , based on the King Features strip, starring Warren Hull as Mandrake and Al Kikume as Lothar. The serial is available on DVD.", "Mandrake the Magician is a syndicated newspaper comic strip , created by Lee Falk (before he created The Phantom ). Its publication began June 11, 1934. Phil Davis soon took over as the strip's illustrator, while Falk continued to script. The strip is distributed by King Features Syndicate .", "A suave and sophisticated man of mystery, Mandrake often battles the most remarkable and inventive villains while attired in formal black-tie and tails. Equally at home at a swank society affair or among the colorful denizens of the underworld, Mandrake is world famous for his many remarkable feats. His powers do not come from any supernatural source; rather, he is the world's foremost illusionist and hypnotist. Amazingly, despite the natural explanations for his marvels, Mandrake's adventures often border on the miraculous. He has traced his mysteries into other dimensions and planets, tracked werewolves to their lair, and has dealt with alien races and human specters. And his adventures have also spanned the globe, taking him to the mysterious Orient, the deserts of North Africa, and even to the strange and magical land of Hollywood. This unflappable crusader has operated mostly as a lone wolf, but in recent years he has worked closely with the secret government agency, Inter-Intel. There, a cigar-chomping robot named \"Chief\" directs Mandrake to Ho-Jo, the head of Inter-Intel, who outlines the thrills that await. Like so many of us, Mandrake is not immune to family troubles. He has an evil twin, Derek, and a younger sister, Leonore, who have often made life difficult for him.", "In the TV series MacGyver , Pete Thornton refers to Jack Dalton as \"a real Mandrake the Magician\" (Season 3, Ep45)", "Mandrake is a magician whose work is based on an unusually fast hypnotic technique. As noted in captions, when Mandrake \"gestures hypnotically\", his subjects see illusions, and Mandrake has used this technique against a variety of villains including gangsters, mad scientists, extraterrestrials, and characters from other dimensions. At various times in the comic strip, Mandrake has also demonstrated other powers, including turning invisible, shapeshifting, levitation, and teleportation. His hat, cloak and wand, passed down from his father Theron, possess great magical properties which in time Mandrake learns how to use. Although Mandrake publicly works as a stage magician, he spends much of his time fighting criminals and combatting supernatural entities. Mandrake lives in Xanadu, a high-tech mansion atop a mountain in New York State. Xanadu's features include closed circuit TV; a sectional road which divides in half; and vertical iron gates.", "Michael Kupperman 's Tales Designed to Thrizzle, pokes fun at many comics, including Mandrake the Magician with a three-panel strip, \"Mancake the Magician\".", "Mandrake is a character in the play King Kong Palace, written by Chilean playwright Marco Antonio de la Parra. In the play, Mandrake is now a performer in birthday parties and attempts to seduce Jane, the ambitious wife of Tarzan , in order to satisfy his lust for power.", "A true classic and a standard among comic strips, Mandrake the Magician has been mystifying readers since 1934!", "Spider-Man is a fictional superhero in comic books published by Marvel Comics . The character first appeared in Amazing Fantasy #15 (August 1962), and was created by scripter-editor Stan Lee and artist-plotter Steve Ditko . Lee and Ditko conceived of the character as an orphan being raised by his Aunt May and Uncle Ben as an ordinary teenager, having to deal with the normal struggles of youth in addition to those of a costumed crime fighter. Spider-Man's creators gave him the ability to cling to walls, shoot spider-webs using an invention he had created, and react to danger quickly with his \"spider-sense\", enabling him to combat his many foes, including Doctor Octopus , the Sandman , the Lizard , the Green Goblin , and Venom .", "He-Man's chief adversary is Skeletor, a blue-skinned sorcerer with a skull for a head, wearing a cowl. He is skilled in black magic as well as all forms of combat. Though his origin is mysterious, and the cartoon describes him only as a \"demon from another dimension,\" a tie-in comic implies that Skeletor's true identity is Prince Keldor, older brother of King Randor, thus making him He-Man's uncle. It is revealed in the animated motion picture He-Man and She-Ra: The Secret of the Sword that Skeletor was Hordak's right-hand man up until his capture, and supposed release. Skeletor is accompanied by a group of henchmen who aid with his evil schemes.", "Spider-Man is a fictional Marvel Comics superhero. The character first appeared in Amazing Fantasy #15 (August 1962), and was created by scripter-editor Stan Lee and artist-plotter Steve Ditko. Lee and Ditko conceived of the character as an orphan being raised by his Aunt May and Uncle Ben as an ordinary teenager, having to deal with the normal struggles of youth in addition to those of a costumed crime fighter. Spider-Man’s creators gave him the ability to cling to walls, shoot spider-webs using an invention he had created, and react to danger quickly with his “spider-sense,” enabling him to combat his many foes, including Doctor Octopus, the Sandman, the Lizard, the Green Goblin and the Venom.", "Mandrake is a magician whose work is based on an unusually fast hypnotic technique. As noted in captions, when Mandrake \"gestures hypnotically\", his subjects see illusions, and Mandrake used this technique in his battles with a variety of gangsters, mad scientists, extraterrestrials and characters from other dimensions.", "Falk originally drew the Mandrake strip but soon turned the job over to artist Phil Davis, who illustrated the silken illusionist's doings for more than 30 years. When Davis passed away, Falk recruited current Mandrake artist Fred Fredericks.", "The Tin Woodman, better known as either the Tin Man or (incorrectly) the Tin Woodsman (the third name appears only in adaptations, the first—and in rare instances, the second—was used by Baum), is a character in the fictional Land of Oz created by American author L. Frank Baum. Baum's Tin Woodman first appeared in his classic 1900 book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, and reappeared in many other Oz books. In late 19th-century America, men made out of various tin pieces were used in advertising and political cartoons. Baum, who was editing a magazine on decorating shop windows when he wrote The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, was reportedly inspired to invent the Tin Woodman by a figure he had built out of metal parts for a shop display.", "In the Mickey and Minnie Mouse comic El misterio de los albatros (INDUCKS I M 60-4), a descendant of one of King Arthur's knights, Lancelot, named Lord Percival Knight, is searching a mysterious King Arthur's sunken treasure, that Percival Knight thinks he can find with help of an ancient magic music. Finally, we learn this treasure doesn't exist; the music helps in fact to charm animals and force them to follow the musician.", "The Wizard of Id is a daily newspaper comic strip created by American cartoonists Brant Parker and Johnny Hart. Beginning in 1964, the strip follows the antics of a large cast of characters in a shabby medieval kingdom called “Id”. From time to time, the king refers to his subjects as “Idiots”. (The title is a play on The Wizard of Oz, combined with the Freudian psychological term Id, which represents the instinctive and primal part of the human psyche.)", "The Wizard of Id is a daily newspaper comic strip created by American cartoonists Brant Parker and Johnny Hart. Beginning in 1964, the strip follows the antics of a large cast of characters in a shabby medieval kingdom called \"Id\". From time to time, the King refers to his subjects as \"Idiots\". (The title is a play on The Wizard of Oz , combined with the Freudian psychological term Id, which represents the instinctive and primal part of the human psyche.)", "The Wizard of Id is a daily newspaper comic strip created by American cartoonists Brant Parker and Johnny Hart. Beginning in 1964, the strip follows the antics of a large cast of characters in a shabby medieval kingdom called \"Id\". From time to time, the king refers to his subjects as \"Idiots\". (The title is a play on The Wizard of Oz, combined with the Freudian psychological term Id, which represents the instinctive and primal part of the human psyche.) In 1997, Brant Parker passed his duties on to his son, Jeff Parker, who had already been involved with cr ... (展开) eating Id for a decade. In 2002, the strip appeared in some 1,000 newspapers all over the world, syndicated by Creators Syndicate. Mason Mastroianni took over artist's duties on the strip after Johnny Hart's death in 2007. The new byline, \"B.C. by Mastroianni and Hart,\" appeared for the first time in newspapers on January 3, 2010. On December 14, 2015, Jeff Parker also passed his duties on to Mastroianni.", "\"Merlin's Lost Book of Magic,\" Yogi's Treasure Hunt, Hanna-Barbera, 1985. Snagglepuss becomes king by pulling the sword from the stone while Yogi and his friends help Merlin find his book of spells so that the magician can stop Bailey's Comet from colliding with earth.  ", "The Penguin (Oswald Chesterfield Cobblepot) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman. Artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger introduced the character in Detective Comics #58 (December 1941). The Penguin is one of Batman's most enduring enemies and belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up Batman's rogues gallery.", "The Wizard of Id is a daily newspaper comic strip created by American cartoonists Brant Parker and Johnny Hart. It began in 1964. In 1997 Brant Parker passed his duties with the strip on to his son Jeff Parker, who had already been involved with creating Id for a decade. Currently the strip appears in some 1,000 newspapers over the world. It is syndicated by Creators Syndicate.", "In the current American mythology, Mickey Mouse is the imp, the benevolent dwarf of older fables, and like them he is far more popular than the important gods, heroes, and ogres. Over a hundred prints of...", "The Penguin (Oswald Chesterfield Cobblepot) is a DC Comics supervillain and an enemy of Batman . He was introduced by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger , he first appeared in Detective Comics #58 (December 1941)." ]

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[ "George Orwell's classic novella Animal Farm is an allegory of the Russian Revolution. It describes the dictator Stalin as a big Berkshire boar by the name of Napoleon. Trotsky is represented by a pig called Snowball who is a brilliant talker and makes magnificent speeches. However, Napoleon overthrows Snowball as Stalin overthrew Trotsky and Napoleon took over the farm on which the animals were living on. Napoleon became a tyrant and used force and propaganda to oppress the animals. ", "George Orwell’s classic satire of the Russian Revolution has become an intimate part of our contemporary culture, with its treatment of democratic, fascist, and socialist ideals through an animal fable. The animals of Mr. Jones’ Manor Farm are overworked, mistreated, and desperately seeking a reprieve. In their quest to create an idyllic society where justice and equality reign, the animals of Manor Farm revolt against their human rulers, establishing the democratic Animal Farm under the credo, “All Animals Are Created Equal.” Out of their cleverness, the pigs—Napoleon, Squealer, and Snowball—emerge as leaders of the new community. In a development of insidious familiarity, the pigs begin to assume ever greater amounts of power, while other animals, especially the faithful horse Boxer, assume more of the work. The climax of the story is the brutal betrayal of Boxer, when totalitarian rule is reestablished with the bloodstained postscript to the founding slogan: “But Some Animals Are More Equal than Others.”", "Animal Farm and the Russian RevolutionThe events that occurred in Russia after the Revolution clearly carry out the events in the book Animal Farm by George Orwell. ... The pig who emerged as the leader of Animal Farm once the humans had fled the farm was Napoleon. ... The pig who challenges Napoleon for control of Animal Farm after the rebellion was Snowball. ... Snowball gained to much power because of his loyalty to the other animals and because Napoleon didn't want to share the decision making with Snowball, he chased him off the farm. Soon after Snowball was off the farm Napoleon be...", "The events and characters in Animal Farm satirise Communism (\" Animalism \"), authoritarian government and human gullibility generally; Snowball is seen as Leon Trotsky and the head pig, Napoleon, is Stalin .", "10. Napoleon: Napoleon is Orwell’s chief villain in Animal Farm. The name Napoleon is very appropriate since Napoleon, the dictator of France, was thought by many to be the Anti-Christ. Napoleon, the pig, is really the central character on the farm. Obviously a metaphor for Stalin, Comrade Napoleon represents the human frailties of any revolution. Orwell believed that although socialism is good as an ideal, it can never be successfully adopted due to uncontrollable sins of human nature. For example, although Napoleon seems at first to be a good leader, he is eventually overcome by greed and soon becomes power-hungry. Of course, Stalin did, too, in Russia, leaving the original equality of socialism behind, giving himself all the power and living in luxury while the common peasant suffered.", "Snowball He was a great leader, a devious leader, but caring at the same time. You may have thought I was talking about a man, but I was... talking about a very powerful pig on a farm. I read a book called Animal Farm by George Orwell. The animals in this story represented humans in the Russian revolution. It was a very interesting book and I related most to a character named Snowball. The character that I feel represented me the most is an eloquent, passionate, and intelligent pig named Snowball...", "George Orwell’s Animal Farm, Orwell writes the story as a metaphor of the Russian Revolution and Communism. Napoleon is a... pig that plays the part of Joseph Stalin and refers to Communism as “Animalism.” Napoleon uses cruelty, treachery, and propaganda to twist the meaning of Animalism throughout the story to justify his rise to power and eventually turns the animal’s dream of a utopian type of life into a pig-ruled disaster. By doing this, Napoleon’s nature represents Joseph Stalin’s actions as Animal...", "In George Orwell's Animal Farm, power and control of the farm shifts from Mr. ... With a name like Squealer he better be damn good using his wits to Napoleon's and the pigs' advantage. ... All of the Seven Commandments of Animal Farm are eventually broken before the commandments are \"revised\" to prove the pigs did nothing wrong. ... In one situation, young pigs protested Napoleon's leadership. \"But suddenly the dogs sitting round Napoleon let out deep, menacing growls, and the pigs fell silent and sat down again.\" ...", "In Animal Farm, Snowball, the brilliant leader, represents revolutionary Leon Trotsky. Both are intelligent, efficient, and inventive. They are smart, young speakers that want a better life for all individuals (\"Animal\" 1). Snowball is run out of Animal Farm by Napoleon; likewise, Trotsky is killed at the hands of Stalin (1). Snowball is considered an \"enemy of the farm,\" and Trotsky is considered an \"enemy of the people\" (Urban 2). Both were \"repeatedly denounced as traitor[s] by [their] native countr[ies], and wild lies were invented to discredit [them]\" (\"Animal\" 1). Rumors spread about the leaders being in neighboring areas, and whenever something goes wrong, they are blamed.", "Although Orwell was an anti-communist he was not on the side of traditional ruling class, neither so in Animal Farm. Throughout the book he is on the side of the animals. But from Day One of the revolution it is clear that a new elite is about to replace the old rulers. The new elite are the pigs (read the communist party). It was the pig called Major (read Marx and Lenin) who had come up with his revolutionary theories and who had died before the revolution. After the breakout of the revolution, which happened spontaneously, the pigs assume leadership with Napoleon (read Stalin) and Snowball (read Trotsky) in front. The pigs assume privileges and end up telling the other animals what to do and eating the best food.", "Animal Farm is a novel written by George Orwell, a British author, and published in 1945.The book is about farm animals running a farm and becoming self sufficient. ... One of them was that Napoleon was indeed a mean pig, but this is not noticed until later on in the story. In the movie, Napoleon had a bad image from the beginning. ... Jones, the man who ran the farm, being killed in the windmill explosion. ... Animal farm the novel is a much better than it\"s movie version. ...", "Critical essay Animal Farm – George Orwell George Orwell’s allegorical fable Animal Farm by... George Orwell depicts Napoleon as the supreme leader and how the power gradually corrupts him into becoming everything they fought against in the rebellion. Using the quote “power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely” fits well with Napoleon and his reign as a leader. I believe Napoleon has always wanted power, however it came to be. He, and many of the other pigs, took no part in the rebellion...", "Mr. George Orwell's Animal Farm, described as a fairy story, is a delightfully humorous and caustic satire on the rule of the many by the few. On the Manor Farm the animals, led by two wise pigs, revolt against the dictatorship of Mr. Jones, turn him out, and proceed to run the place themselves for the sole benefit of the animal community", "2. “Beasts of England”, the original anthem of the Animal farm corresponds to the famous socialist anthem, The Internationale, but also alludes to Shelley’s Men of England. In the book, the pig Old Major explains his dream of an animal-controlled society three nights before his death.", "THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PIGS IN THE NOVEL ANIMAL FARM George Orwell’s Animal Farm is a political novel of an authoritarian society ruled by a... tyranny, who twists the idea of a philosopher that believed society could be a better place for those who are neglected, the social class. The novel is based on the 1917 Russian Revolution and the character resembles the Bolsheviks who overthrew the Russian Tsar. Following the dream of a pig the animals of Manor Farm get together to rebel against their master...", "ANIMAL FARMThe novel Animal Farm was written by George Orwell in the early 1940s. Animal Farm takes place on an imaginary farm in England in an unknown time period. ... The animals of the farm defeat Mr. ... As time goes on, Napoleon and Snowball struggle for power on animal farm. ... Napoleon took full control over animal farm and declared that there would be no more general meetings with all of the animals to decide the rules. ...", "was written by Eric Arthur Blair, commonly known by his pen name, George Orwell. Orwell was born in British India on June 25,... 1903. He was an anti-totalitarian, journalist, writer, and soldier in the Spanish Civil war as a member of the Trotskyist socialist party. Animal Farm is an allegory, fable and satire based on the people, politics and happenings during the era of Stalin. In the novel Animal Farm, Napoleon represents Joseph Stalin who was the man who became a tyrant ruler and led many people...", "In Animal Farm, the pigs represent the ruling class and Stalin’s communist supporters. Unlike other animals, they live a life of luxury and enjoy the benefits of the dictatorship. They elevate themselves to positions of leadership, and procure privileges to \"sleep in a bed\" [p.41], and \"drink alcohol\" [p.73], even though it is against the Commandments. The hardworking animals on the other hand are given nothing in return, which emphasizes the inequality and true hypocrisy of a dictatorship. Orwell portrays the pigs this way to represent how dictators favor people who are similar to them. In the novel, Napoleon chooses the pigs to be part of his “inner circle”, merely because he is also a pig himself. In the human world, this includes sharing the same race, gender or belief, just as Joseph Stalin killed anyone that opposed his political point of view [LitCharts, n.d.].", "Animal Farm George Orwell Old major, an old and wise boar, gathers all the animals in the Manor... Farm, owned by Mr. Jones, to relate to them his dream. He tells them of his dream where no animals are being oppressed by the human beings and are able to manage their own lives. He tells them that ‘No animal in England is free. The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the plain truth.’ And that all of that is because of Man. He further adds that ‘Man is the only real enemy [they] have...", "In 1944 Orwell finished Animal Farm , a political fable based on the story of the Russian Revolution and its betrayal by Joseph Stalin . In the book a group of barnyard animals overthrow and chase off their exploitative human masters and set up an egalitarian society of their own. Eventually the animals’ intelligent and power-loving leaders, the pigs, subvert the revolution and form a dictatorship whose bondage is even more oppressive and heartless than that of their former human masters. (“All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.”) At first Orwell had difficulty finding a publisher for the small masterpiece, but when it appeared in 1945, Animal Farm made him famous and, for the first time, prosperous.", "Pigs: Orwell uses the pigs to surround and support Napoleon. They symbolise the communist party loyalists and the friends of Stalin, as well as perhaps the Duma, or Russian parliament. The pigs, unlike other animals, live in luxury and enjoy the benefits of the society they help to control. The inequality and true hypocrisy of communism is expressed here by Orwell, who criticised Marx's oversimplified view of a socialist, \"utopian\" society. Obviously, George Orwell doesn't believe such a society can exist. Toward the end of the book, Orwell emphasises, \"Somehow it seemed as though the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves any richer except, of course, the pigs and the dogs.\"", "Oliva Mrs. Acevedo English 011 15 May 2007 Symbolism of Pigs in Animal Farm In Orwell's Animal Farm, the animals revolt against the cruel... human leaders and set up a better method of farm management where all animals are equal. As time passes, the new leaders become greedy and corrupt, and the other animals realize conditions are just as miserable as before. There is a major connection between Animal Farm and Russian communism. The pigs are one of the most significant of these connections, representing...", "novel called “Animal Farm” by George Orwell, an interesting idea that was worth learning about is how power can corrupt an individual. Animal... Farm tells us about the Rebellion of animals against humans. The Rebellion is a great success and pigs, being the most intelligent animals, take control. However, as time goes on, life of other animals becomes worse and worse while pigs prosper. Orwell based this book of Russian communism and used Stalin as prototype for Napoleon. He also tries to demonstrate that...", "Eric Arthur Blair (June 25, 1903January 21, 1950), better known by the pen name George Orwell, was a British author and journalist. Noted as a political and cultural commentator, as well as an accomplished novelist, Orwell is among the most widely-admired English-language essayists of the 20th century. He is best known for two novels written towards the end of his life: Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four.", "...Animal farm Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950),[1] who used the pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist and critic. His work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and commitment todemocratic socialism.[2][3]Animal Farm is an allegorical and dystopian novella by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945. According to Orwell, the book reflects events...", "When Animal Farm was published in 1945, its British author George Orwell (a pseudonym for Eric Arthur", " George Orwell, a democratic socialist, wrote two of the most widely read and influential anti-totalitarian novels: Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm, both of which featured allusions to the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin. Later releases of \"Animal Farm\", however, contain a foreword by the author revealing his intent to comment on censorship in the West, particularly anti-communist censorship.", "\"Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism.... Animal Farm was the first book in which I tried, with full consciousness of what I was doing, to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole.\" -- George Orwell [His real name was Eric Arthur Blair, 1903-1950]", "Eventually, these are replaced with the maxims, \"All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others\", and \"Four legs good, two legs better!\" as the pigs become more human. This is an ironic twist to the original purpose of the Seven Commandments, which were supposed to keep order within Animal Farm by uniting the animals together against the humans and preventing animals from following the humans' evil habits. Through the revision of the commandments, Orwell demonstrates how simply political dogma can be turned into malleable propaganda.", "Analysis of Themes through Pigs in Orwell’s Animal Farm For centuries now pigs have been defined as very important animals... with many purposes in various cultures. Pigs have been used for food, domestic pets, farming and even the odd Hollywood blockbuster; the list goes on and on. In some cultures pigs are worshiped like humans and others slaughtered for meat, all of which with a distinctive purpose. In Orwell’s Animal Farm this theory is shown to an extreme. Orwell exposes pigs in a way never seen before...", "Orwell uses Animal Farm to express his deeply held political convictions. He stated in his 1946 essay, \"Why I", "George Orwell , in his original preface to Animal Farm ; as published in George Orwell : Some Materials for a Bibliography (1953) by Ian R. Willison" ]

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[ "Tess Trueheart is the love interest character in the American comic strip Dick Tracy which was created by Chester Gould in 1931. ", "* Tess Truheart - The detective's love interest and later wife. When she was first introduced, she was kidnapped by Big Boy Caprice's men after they robbed and shot her father Emil Truehart. She served as a WAC in World War II, and later opened her own photography agency. She is the mother of Bonnie Braids Tracy, Joseph Flintheart Tracy, and adoptive mother of Junior Tracy. Temporarily divorced her husband in the 1990s, but later reconciled with him.", "Yes, comic strip fans, it is true. After 45 years of marriage, Dick Tracy and his wife, the former Tess Trueheart, are splitting up. Tribune Media Services, which distributes the strip, has announced that Tess will hit her heroic husband with divorce papers on Feb. 7.", "* Glenne Headly as Tess Trueheart: Dick Tracy's girlfriend. She feels that Tracy cares more for his job than for her.", "* Mrs. Trueheart - Mother of Tess Trueheart. Present when her husband was murdered. Although wounded by Pruneface, her photograph of the villain helped lead to his downfall. She also made cameo appearances in the Flattop Jones and The Brow storylines.", "Tracy uses forensic science, advanced gadgetry, and wits, in an early example of the police procedural mystery story—although stories often end in gunfights just the same. Stories typically follow a criminal committing a crime and Tracy's relentless pursuit of the criminal. The strip's most popular villain was Flattop Jones, a freelance hitman hired by black marketeers to murder Tracy. When Flattop was killed, fans went into public mourning, and the Flattop Story was reprinted in DC's series of Oversize Comic Reprints in the 1970s. The villains' small crimes led to bigger, out of control situations, reflecting film noir. Similarly, innocent witnesses were frequently killed, and Tracy's paramour Tess Trueheart was often endangered by the villains. As the story progressed, Tracy adopted an orphan under the name Dick Tracy Jr., or \"Junior\" for short, who appeared in investigations until becoming a police forensic artist in his father's precinct. He also cultivated a professional partner, ex-steel worker Pat Patton, who gradually became a detective of skill and courage enough to satisfy Tracy's requirements.", "All Tess Trueheart wants is to settle down to a quiet life with her boyfriend, detective Dick Tracy. But there's something pretty rotten going on in town, with someone pretty rotten behind it, and Tracy has his hands full with the likes of villain Big Boy Caprice and with the almost irresistible Breathless Mahoney. Written by Jeremy Perkins {J-26}", "Mrs. Trueheart's has not been specifically identified as living or deceased. Her age and lack of appearance in the strip (including not being present at Dick and Tess' wedding celebration) has caused some fans to speculate that she must have passed away. The current creative team has not yet chosen to address the question.", "Amid these cases, the strip had considerable character storylines in the series. Tracy had a difficult relationship with his girlfriend, Tess Trueheart, who found her beau's firm dedication to his work both an irritating interference and a physical danger with her being often caught in the crossfire in his cases. The stormy relationship hit its nadir when she rejected Tracy to marry a charming wealthy ex-baseball player, only to find herself trapped in a deadly family intrigue that led to murder and the suicide of her husband that proved so traumatizing that she resumed her relationship with Tracy with a much more patient attitude toward his commitments.", "Jessica Rabbit is Roger Rabbit 's human toon wife and the tritagonist of Who Framed Roger Rabbit. In the book, she was an amoral, up-and-coming star and former comic character, over whom her estranged husband, comic strip star Roger Rabbit, obsessed.", "And we want (a group whine, please): Dick and Tess to stay together. Pick on another comic strip, you. If it's contemporary reality you're after, here's what we'd like to see:", "Lois Lane is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, the character first appeared in Action Comics #1 (June 1938). Lois is an award-winning journalist and the primary love interest of Superman. In DC Comics continuity she is also his wife. Like Superman's alter ego Clark Kent, she is a reporter for the Metropolis newspaper, the Daily Planet.", "Calvin and Hobbes is a syndicated daily comic strip that was written and illustrated by American cartoonist Bill Watterson, and syndicated from 1985 to 1995. It follows the humorous antics of Calvin, a precocious and adventurous six-year-old boy, and Hobbes, his sardonic stuffed tiger. Calvin and Hobbes is set in the contemporary United States in an unspecified suburban area. The strip depicts Calvin's flights of fantasy and his friendship with Hobbes, and also examines Calvin's relationships with family and classmates. Hobbes' dual nature is a defining motif for the strip: to Calvin, Hobbes is a live anthropomorphic tiger; all the other characters see him as an inanimate stuffed toy. Though the series does not mention specific political figures or current events, it does explore broad issues like environmentalism, public education, and the flaws of opinion polls. At the height of its popularity, Calvin and Hobbes was featured in over 2,400 newspapers worldwide; as of January 2010, reruns of the strip still appear in more than 50 countries. Nearly 45 million copies of the 18 Calvin and Hobbes books have been sold.", "The comic strip Bloom County included a character named Tess Turbo; her band was the Blackheads. ", "Tess was also a character in the second follow-up novel by Collins Dick Tracy Meets His Match . In the novel, Tess was hired by Diet Smith to be the programming director for his fledgling television network. She agreed to allow her wedding to Dick be broadcast as part of a new TV series, but the wedding was disrupted by a sniper. Further attempts were also disrupted, ultimately embroiling the network (and Tess) in a murder investigation. By the end of the novel, she and Dick were successfully married.", "Daisy Mae ( née Scragg) Yokum: Beautiful Daisy Mae was hopelessly in love with Dogpatch's most prominent resident throughout the entire 43-year run of Al Capp's comic strip. During most of the epic, the impossibly dense Abner exhibited little romantic interest in her voluptuous charms, (much of it visible daily thanks to her famous polka-dot peasant blouse and cropped skirt). In 1952, Abner reluctantly proposed to Daisy to emulate the engagement of his comic strip \"ideel\", Fearless Fosdick. Fosdick's own wedding to longtime fiancée Prudence Pimpleton turned out to be a dream, but Abner and Daisy's ceremony, performed by Marryin' Sam, was permanent. Once married, Abner became relatively domesticated. Like Mammy Yokum and other wimmenfolk in Dogpatch, Daisy Mae did all the work, domestic and otherwise, while the useless menfolk generally did nothing whatsoever.", "Cartoonist. He is best known for creating the \"Dick Tracy\" cartoon strip. Born in Pawnee, Oklahoma, he spent 10 years working on various comic strips at the Chicago �Tribune�-New York �News� Syndicate under editor Joseph Medill Patterson before creating \"Dick Tracy\" in 1931. (Patterson shortened the first name from his original \"Plainclothes Tracy\" to the then nickname for detective, and the result was comic strip immortality.) Armed with sidekick �Pat Patton� and then Sam �Catchem�, �Dick Tracy's� hawk nose and square chin symbolized straight-arrow law and order. Chester Gould's strip broke new ground with realistic, mangy villains and gritty violence. His artistic style developed into a stark black and white, reflecting the artist's own conservative values of right and wrong. Most of all, \"Dick Tracy\" introduced a legendary rogues gallery of evildoers for all time: �the Blank�, �Flattop�, �Pruneface�, �Mumbles�, �Brow�, �Influence�, �Shaky�, �Mrs. Pruneface�, �the Mole�, �Pearshape�, �Breathless Mahoney�, �Jerome Trohs� and �Mama�, �Itchy� and countless others. He also voyaged into science fiction with the two-way wrist radio, TV and computer, the less-successful space coupe, and trips to the Moon. Chester Gould retired from \"Dick Tracy\" in 1977, and his feature has been made into radio shows, television cartoons and movies, most recently Warren Beatty's 1990 motion picture version. He died in Woodstock, Illinois, where a museum is devoted to his work. (bio by: LincolnFan)", "comic strip character created by Reg Smythe , seen in The Daily Mirror and The Sunday Mirror newspapers since August 5 , 1957 . The strip is syndicated internationally by Creators Syndicate . Originally a single-panel cartoon, Smythe later expanded it to four panels. The character is also licensed as the mascot for a line of snack foods , and a defunct chain of miniature golf courses in Brevard County, Florida", "Many of the comic characters were based on local citizens of Woodstock, Illinois, where Chester Gould wrote the majority of the strip. However, Gould modeled many characters after close associates, such as his publisher Joseph Patterson as Big Frost, and even himself as Pear-Shape Tone.", "� Fran Stiker's \"Lone Ranger\" become a comic strip illustrated by Charles Flanders and written by Ed Kressy.", "Tess was also a character in the follow-up novel Dick Tracy Goes to War , written by Max Allan Collins . In the novel, Tess had gone to work at a military aircraft plant operated by Diet Smith . She was befriended by a co-worker named Bessie, a heavyset African-American woman.", "The comic strip starred one Abner Yokum, the loutish, simple, but good-natured hayseed who lived in Dogpatch, Kentucky with his scrawny but superhuman Mammy and shiftless, childlike Pappy. Whatever energy he had went into evading the marital goals of Daisy Mae Scragg, his sexy, well-endowed (but virtuous) girlfriend - until Capp finally gave in to reader pressure and allowed the couple to marry in 1952. This newsworthy event made the cover of Life magazine.", "* Adora of the Forest People : Daily Strips 3/1/41 to 8/23/41 by Austin Briggs.Pacific Comics Club, 1981(limited edition for collectors) ", "One memorable Garfield strip had Garfield watching a TV show where a woman named Philomena Scott Aphat decides not to marry a man named Thaddeus Ramsbottom, because her name would become \"Philomena Scott Aphat Ramsbottom\".note \"Philomena's got a fat ram's bottom.\"", "The only recurring female character in this cartoon, Jessie, is made in the modern mold. She and the male hero, Jonny, have essentially the same build, with the exception of Jessie's bust, which is proportional to her height and build . She does, however, tend to wear a lot of pink and pastel colors, along with shorts and tight stretchpants. She has shoulder-length red hair that she wears unrestrained at all times.", "Bunny Hoest writes the snappy one-liners for The Lockhorns, a cartoon panel about a bickering long-married couple that appears in 500 newspapers. \"Be careful,\" Ms. Hoest said. \"I'm just writing what I see. It's based on observation.\" Ms. Hoest's strip is drawn by John Reiner, who took over when her husband, the artist Bill Hoest, got cancer in 1986. He died in 1988. Some comics are done by teams: writers create the dialogue and storyline; illustrators sketch the panels and strips in pencil. Inkers retrace the drawing. Then the lettering is done. ", "This is the first strip that mentions Susie Derkins. She's pretty much the girl that Calvin has a crush on but makes fun of as to remove any question of the fact. This strip also shows how much of a smart-ass Hobbes is, which kicks ass.", "on January 2, 1913, that the first strip with the characters Maggie and Jiggs appeared. In it, Jiggs spoils Maggie's attempt to introduce their children into society by appearing before the fashionable \"Miss Loosechange\" with his shoes in his hand, complaining that \"I can't wear these shoes. My corn hurts.\" When Miss Loosechange faints and Maggie is angered and embarrassed, Jiggs asks \"What's a matter wid youse?\"", "Medium Awareness : The characters are perfectly aware that they are appearing in a comic strip.", "Meiser received special recognition for how her work emphasized the moodiness of the original source material over excessive physical violence. Meiser's original stories for the series were so well written that her work was warmly praised by Doyle's widow and son who declared her work \"admirable, absolutely admirable\". The radio show ended in 1950, a few years before the beginning of the comic strip which ran from March 1, 1954 to November 17,1956. The comic strip was officially authorized by the Doyle Estate.", "This classic clip presents the story of a young girl reading a comic book about a heroic guy and his fantastic adventures. Then the fictional animated character on paper invites the real ... See full summary  »", "On this day in 1958 The Hall Syndicate ( Mark Trail, Pogo ) launched a newspaper comic about what syndicate publicity called \"a bystander on life's outer limits\". The Strange World of Mr. Mum began 62 years ago today." ]

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[ "In the Little Orphan Annie comic strip, what was the name of Daddy Warbucks's Giant bodyguard who wore a turban?", "As the world progressed towards another war, munitions became a highly competitive and dangerous business. David hired a bodyguard for himself, one of his ex-circus friends named Britt Shelleen who was a trick shot, an expert knife thrower and a trick rope artist. This man was incorporated into the comic strip and given the name The Asp�the mysterious, almost supernatural protector of Daddy Warbucks. [7] Warburton also acquired a bodyguard for Anne, a man he had met in his Indian travels. His name is never really given, but a certain clue that was contained within the comic strip can narrow down the search, in the comic strip he is called Punjab, which is a place rather than a family name. Anne's bodyguard was a Sikh warrior, possibly with the last name of Singh. [8]", "This eleven panel comic strip of Little Orphan Annie by Harold Gray (1894–1968), places his key characters amid danger in the jungle. Pictured here, are Annie, her Indian protector Punjab, and dog Sandy after they have found the remains of a parachute. Annie informs her benefactor Daddy Warbucks, who investigates the situation. Daddy deflects a man who tries to stab him, and Punjab warns the assassin that he will be pressed to talk. Gray effectively uses cross hatching and black shadows in drawing figures and settings, which exude an ominous mood. Exotic locale and concise dialogue display his mature storytelling abilities. Gray drew Annie from its debut in 1924 until his death in 1968.", "Little Orphan Annie was a daily American comic strip created by Harold Gray and syndicated by Tribune Media Services. It took its name from the 1885 poem \"Little Orphant Annie\" by James Whitcomb Riley, and debuted on August 5, 1924 in the New York Daily News.", "The plot follows the adventures of Annie, her dog Sandy, and her benefactor Oliver \"Daddy\" Warbucks. Secondary characters include Punjab, the Asp and Mr. Am. The strip attracted adult readers with political commentary targeting (among other things) organized labor, the New Deal and communism.", "Other major characters include Warbucks' right-hand men, Punjab, an eight-foot native of India, introduced in 1935, and the Asp, an inscrutably generalized East Asian, who first appeared in 1937. There was also the mysterious Mister Am, a friend of Warbucks' who wore a Santa Claus–like beard and was of a jovial personality. He claimed to have lived for millions of years and even had supernatural powers. Some strips hinted that he may even be God.", "Little Orphan Annie displays literary kinship with the picaresque novel in its seemingly endless string of episodic and unrelated adventures in the life of a character who wanders like an innocent vagabond through a corrupt world. In Annie's first year, the picaresque pattern that characterizes her story is set, with the major players – Annie, Sandy and \"Daddy\" Warbucks – introduced within the strip's first several weeks.", "In 1924, a comic strip artist named Harold Gray created a new comic strip for Captain Patterson's New York Daily News. It was called Little Orphan Otto, and was one of the better ideas he had come up with. Patterson thought it looked like a good concept: the little orphan, not tied to any one location but free to roam from place to place and through various adventures without the hampering presence of a family. But, he counseled Gray: \"He looks like a pansy. Put skirts on the kid.\" (Marschall 166) Gray complied, and changed the name from \"Otto\" to \"Annie.\" Thus Little Orphan Annie was brought into the world on August 5, 1924 and continued successfully until Gray's death in 1968. For 44 years, readers followed Annie through a myriad of adventures that could be as simple as staying at a farm to outwitting Nazi infiltrators. Annie stayed perpetually twelve years old, endowed with the wisdom of the ages and the innocence of eternal childhood.", "In designing the strip, Gray was influenced by his midwestern farm boyhood, Victorian poetry and novels such as Charles Dickens's Great Expectations, Sidney Smith's wildly popular comic strip The Gumps, and the histrionics of the silent films and melodramas of the period. Initially, there was no continuity between the dailies and the Sunday strips, but by the early 1930s the two had become one. The strip (whose title was borrowed from James Whitcomb Riley's 1885 poem \"Little Orphant Annie\") was \"conservative and topical\", according to the editors of The Great Depression in America: A Cultural Encyclopedia, and \"represents the personal vision\" of Gray and Riley's \"homespun philosophy of hard work, respect for elders, and a cheerful outlook on life\". A Fortune popularity poll in 1937 indicated Little Orphan Annie ranked number one and ahead of Popeye, Dick Tracy, Bringing Up Father, The Gumps, Blondie, Moon Mullins, Joe Palooka, Li'l Abner and Tillie the Toiler.", "Paul Warburg became an even more legendary figure by his memorialization as \"Daddy Warbucks\" in the comic strip, \"Little Orphan Annie\". The strip celebrated a homeless waif and her dog who are adopted by \"the richest man in the world\", Daddy Warbucks, a takeoff on \"Warburg\", who has almost magical powers and can accomplish anything by the power of his limitless wealth. Those in the know snickered when \"Annie\", the musical comedy version of this story, had a highly successful run of several years on Broadway, because the vast majority of the audience had no idea that this was merely another Warburg operation.", "The comics and radio shows also enabled Warburton to shape his public image. It was unavoidable that some people would realize that Daddy Warbucks and Orphan Annie were real people; however, their perceptions of David Warburton and Anne Warburton were shaped by the public images of Daddy Warbucks and Little Orphan Annie. In other words people saw David Warburton as the hard-driving, charitable capitalist with a heart of gold and Anne as a happy-go-lucky, pulled-up-by-her-bootstraps plucky orphan girl. While there was a grain of truth to these portraits, a grain was about all there was.", "1924 - The comic strip Little Orphan Annie debuted in the New York Daily News. Annie and her little dog, Sandy, were creations of cartoonist Harold Gray. His work would come to life in the Broadway and film adaptations of Annie a half-century later -- to great success.", "After Mrs. Warbucks brings home another orphan, a snobby little boy (who has facial features similar to Mrs. Warbucks) named Selby Adelbert Piffleberry, she blatantly shows her favoritism by giving him Annie's old room and spiriting the girl to another part of the house.", "The last strip was the culmination of a story arc where Annie was kidnapped from her hotel by a wanted war criminal from eastern Europe who checked in under a phony name with a fake passport. Although Warbucks enlists the help of the FBI and Interpol to find her, by the end of the final strip he has begun to resign himself to the very strong possibility that Annie most likely will not be found alive. Unfortunately Warbucks is unaware that Annie is still alive and has made her way to Guatemala with her captor, known simply as the \"Butcher of the Balkans\". Although Annie wants to be let go, the Butcher tells her that he neither will let her go nor kill her — for fear of being captured and because he will not kill a child despite his many political killings — and adds that she has a new life now with him. The final panel of the strip reads \"And this is where we leave our Annie. For Now—\".", "* Oliver Warbucks appears in the Drawn Together episode \"Nipple Ring-Ring Goes to Foster Care\". Annie warns Foxxy that Daddy Warbucks will take out her eyes (a reference to how the characters are depicted without pupils).", "In Little Orphan Annie, \"Daddy\", Punjab, and the Asp return in May of 1942 from some remote locale where they have been fighting for the Allies. \"Daddy\" has become a 3-star lieutenant general, although as Annie notices, he is not in an U. S. uniform. \"Daddy\" explains: \"Oh--well, you see, Annie, I got in a little ahead of schedule--after all, we're all out to lick the same gang.\":", "The storyline resumed on June 8, 2014, with Warbucks asking for Tracy's assistance in finding Annie. In the course of the story, Tracy receives a letter from Annie and determines her location. Meanwhile, the name of the kidnapper is revealed as Henrik Wilemse, and he has been tracked to the city where he is found and made to disappear. Tracy and Warbucks rescued Annie, and the storyline wrapped up on October 12. ", "1924 – In the New York 'Daily News' debuted the comic strip 'Little Orphan Annie,' by Harold Gray.", "After World War I, cartoonist Harold Gray joined the Chicago Tribune which, at that time, was being reworked by owner Joseph Medill Patterson into an important national journal. As part of his plan, Patterson wanted to publish comic strips that would lend themselves to nationwide syndication and to film and radio adaptations. Gray's strips were consistently rejected by Patterson, but Little Orphan Annie was finally accepted and debuted in a test run on August 5, 1924 in the New York Daily News, a Tribune owned tabloid. Reader response was positive, and Annie began appearing as a Sunday strip in the Tribune on November 2 and as a daily strip on November 10. It was soon offered for syndication and picked up by the Toronto Star and The Atlanta Constitution. ", "Little Orphan Annie 's red dress and red curls. The musical plays off of this by only putting her in said outfit when she's adopted by Warbucks.", "Gray described his Annie character as \"tougher than hell, with a heart of gold and a fast left, who can take care of herself because she has to.\" The cartoonist became a multi-millionaire from his creation. Annie was transformed into a radio personality for 13 years beginning in the 1930s; she was on the movie screen for the first time in 1932 and again in 1938. The Little Orphan Annie storylines were a good fit for comic books, and along with appearing in \"Dell's Super Comics from 1939-49,\" said Don Markstein of \" Don Markstein's Toonopedia ,\" Annie also appeared in her own comic books from 1937 to 1948.", "What began as a hillbilly burlesque soon evolved into one of the most imaginative, popular and well-drawn strips of the 20th century. Featuring vividly outlandish characters, bizarre situations, and equal parts suspense, slapstick, irony, satire, black humor and biting social commentary, Li'l Abner is considered a classic of the genre. The comic strip stars Li'l Abner Yokum...the simple-minded, loutish but good-natured and eternally innocent hayseed who lives with his parents...scrawny but superhuman Mammy Yokum, and shiftless, childlike Pappy Yokum.", "What began as a hillbilly burlesque soon evolved into one of the most imaginative, popular and well-drawn strips of the 20th century. Featuring vividly outlandish characters, bizarre situations, and equal parts suspense , slapstick , irony , satire , black humor and biting social commentary , Li'l Abner is considered a classic of the genre. The comic strip stars Li'l Abner Yokum—the simple-minded, loutish but good-natured and eternally innocent hayseed who lives with his parents—scrawny but superhuman Mammy Yokum, and shiftless, childlike Pappy Yokum.", "The background of Oliver Warbucks, wealthy munitions magnate and adventurer, has been revealed by Annie creator Clarence Grey as follows: Oliver Warbucks was born in 1894 in the town of Supine to a railroad section boss and his wife. His father died in a rail accident a month after Oliver's birth. Oliver's mother passed away in 1905 of typhoid fever at the age of 30. Circa 1912, Oliver Warbucks graduated from high school, attended a few semesters of college, and then left to work in a steel mill. He married sometime between then and 1924 and amassed a considerable fortune, and did not stop amassing it during his lifetime.", "Just when we thought the trials and tribulations of Orphan Annie were over after she was adopted by billionaire Daddy Warbucks — along comes yet another crisis!", "In the episode \" The Principal and the Pauper \", it was revealed that Skinner is actually Armin Tamzarian. Armin was a troubled orphan until he joined the Army and was befriended by Sgt. Skinner , whom he came to idolize. Believing himself responsible for the real Skinner being killed, he returned to Springfield to tell Skinner's mother, but she (deliberately) mistook him for Seymour, and he followed the true Skinner's dream of becoming a school principal. At the end of the episode, Judge Snyder granted Tamzarian Skinner's \"name, and his past, present, future, and mother,\" and decreed that no one will mention his true identity again under penalty of torture (this, after the Springfielders ran the real Seymour, voiced by Martin Sheen —who had been alive after all—out of town by way of railroad).", "Sadie Hawkins Day is rooted in the story of Sadie Hawkins, a character created by Al Capp in the comic strip Li'l Abner. Sadie was described as \"the homeliest gal in the hills.\" Sadie was unable get a date, so her father, a prominent citizen in the town of Dogpatch, named a day after her to help Sadie get a man. On Sadie Hawkins Day, a footrace was held in Dogpatch so the women could pursue the town's eligible bachelors.", "Charles Monroe Schulz (November 26, 1922 – February 12, 2000), nicknamed Sparky, was an American cartoonist, best known for the comic strip Peanuts .", "BOSTON – William Watts Biggers, the co-creator of the cartoon “Underdog,” the mild-mannered canine shoeshine boy who turned into a caped superhero to rescue his girlfriend, Sweet Polly Purebred, has died. He was 85.", "Mirror Enterprises Syndicate distributed a Hopalong Cassidy comic strip starting in 1949; it was bought out by King Features in 1951, running until 1955. The strip was drawn by Dan Spiegle.", "BOSTON — William Watts Biggers, co-creator of the cartoon “Underdog,” the mild-mannered shoeshine boy who turned into a caped superhero to rescue his girlfriend, Sweet Polly Purebred, has died. He was 85.", "Sadie Hawkins Day is an American folk event and pseudo-holiday originated by Al Capp's classic hillbilly comic strip Li'l Abner (1934–1978). This inspired real-world Sadie Hawkins events, the premise of which is that females ask males for a date or dancing." ]

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[ "The Terror of the Monster was an early title for a best-selling novel which inspired one of the highest-grossing movies of the mid-70's. Under what name did it eventually terrify the reading and film going public?", "It was the boost the book needed. \"The Exorcist\" rose to No. 1 on the New York Times best-seller list and suddenly Hollywood took notice. The book found its way to then- Warner Bros. studio head John Calley, who read the novel and was duly terrified by it, luckily for future movie audiences.", "In the 1970s, nightmarish horror and terror lurked everywhere. One of the top box-office hits in the early 70s was Willard (1971) about a wimpish 27 year old loner (and Mama's boy) who trained his bloodthirsty pet rodent friends to vengefully attack his co-worker enemies - it launched an equally awful sequel Ben (1972) (with an Oscar nomination for Best Song for its title song - performed by Michael Jackson). [The cult classic was remade by writer/director Glen Morgan as Willard (2003), starring Crispin Glover as the title character.] Master filmmaker Stanley Kubrick's controversial A Clockwork Orange (1971) was a brilliant adaptation of Anthony Burgess' novel about rape, murder, and behaviorist experiments to eradicate aberrant sex and violence. And in the kitschy The Abominable Dr. Phibes (1971), madman Dr. Anton Phibes (Vincent Price) let loose Biblical plagues against his victims - physicians who failed to save the life of his wife (Caroline Munro).", "The film's screenplay - a horror-tinged western (and tale of good vs. evil), was faithfully based upon author William Peter Blatty's 1971 best-selling theological-horror novel of the same name. Academy-Award winning director William Friedkin (previously known for The French Connection (1971) ) created a frightening, horror film masterpiece, with sensational, nauseating, horrendous special effects (360 degree head-rotation, self-mutilation/masturbation with a crucifix, the projectile spewing of green puke, a mixture of split-pea soup and oatmeal, etc.). The film also featured the terrific acting debut of 12-year old actress Linda Blair, who played the helpless girl possessed by demons. The recognizable opening instrumental tune, titled Tubular Bells (by Mike Oldfield), eventually became a #1 single on the Billboard charts - and the first big seller for Virgin Records.", "The 1976 film adaptation by Brian De Palma is by far the most famous of the bunch, and arguably had a greater impact than the book itself . Critics regard De Palma's adaptation as a landmark film, one of the best horror films of The '70s , and one of the best feature film adaptations of any of King's stories, to the point where King himself feels that it's better than the book . The film became a major success for United Artists , as it ended up making over $33 million at the U.S. box office on a budget of just $1.8 millionnote In 2016 dollars, over $126 million on a $7.6 million budget. The ending is notable for being perhaps the first use of a \"shock\" ending in a horror film, which has since become a staple of the genre. Film critics welcomed Carrie with immense acclaim ( unusual for a horror film even today), which helped it gain a Hugo Award and two Academy Award nominations: one for Sissy Spacek for Best Actress, and the other a Best Supporting Actress nod for Piper Laurie.note They lost to, respectively, Faye Dunaway and Beatrice Straight from Network .", "Benchley’s novel provided a strong basis for an effective movie thriller that terrified movie audiences, placing Spielberg’s adaptation right at the top alongside Hitchcock’s Psycho (1960) and Friedkin’s The Exorcist (1973) as one of the scariest films ever made. Yet the opening scene wasn’t originally envisioned this way.", "The original film adaptation of Herman Melville’s classic novel starred Gregory Peck as Captain Ahab and was filmed partly in—no kidding—Wales. The screenplay was co-written by sci-fi master Ray Bradbury, who confessed to the film’s director, John Huston, that he “had never been able to read the damn [book].” (Cliff’s Notes did not exist in 1956). A final trivia note: Steven Spielberg had hoped to include a scene in Jaws in which his Ahab-like character, Quint, is seen watching this film, but he was unable to secure permission to use the footage.", "Comprising the nascent motion picture genres of horror and science fiction, the nightmare picture provoked individual psychological terror in its horror incarnations, while embodying group sociological terror in its science fiction manifestations. The two main types of pre-Code horror pictures were the single monster movie, and films where masses of hideous beasts rose up and attacked their putative betters. Frankenstein and Freaks exemplified both genres. ", "The reveal of this more gruesome vision of the monster constitutes the most impressive part of the film, and this scene delivers one of the most exhilarating moments in Hammer horror history, with the camera zooming in on Lee�s exposed face as Cushing stands before him with a combination of awe, euphoria, and fear. To a 1957 audience, this must have seemed extremely frightening, and even to a modern audience, it�s a chilling moment which marks a pivotal moment in the film.", "It is in The Birds, that Hitchcock, yet again, cleverly uses a technique of his to scare the audience and does so effectively. The use of sound in The Birds constantly switches, utilizing both noise and silence. Hitchcock did this to create suspense and fear, not only when the birds were attacking, but also when they weren’t. The idea of fear arising from an everyday occurrence (encountering birds) terrified audiences in 1963. Hitchcock also once said that it was the movie’s “attack upon complacency” that scared people the most. He did not use natural bird sounds. Instead, he implemented “electronic re-workings of bird sound”, which worked even better to scare audiences. It did very well at the box-office, grossing over $11 million. Hitchcock’s use of normal circumstances added to the fear and potential reality of the film. The new concept of nature attacking provided a basis for other films after its release. In the 1970s, there was a burst of nature’s revenge films, such as The Empire of the Ants in 1977, the Night of the Lepus in 1972 and The Bees in 1979. A sequel was made in 1994, called The Birds II: Land’s End. Mel Brooks parodied it in his 1978 film High Anxiety as did Peter Greenaway in The Falls.", "Harris's first novel, \"Black Sunday\" (1975), was a collaborative effort with fellow reporters Sam Maul and Dick Riley. While working the evening shift for the AP, they came up with the idea of using the Goodyear Blimp as the vehicle for a terrorist attack at the Super Bowl. The next novel, \"Red Dragon\" (1981), tells the story of the FBI's search for a murderer and introduces the infamous character Dr. Hannibal \"The Cannibal\" Lecter. The 1986 movie version of this novel was titled Manhunter. Next came, what many considered to be a masterpiece of suspense, \"The Silence of the Lambs\" (1988) and brings back the psychopathic killer Hannibal Lecter in an intense exploration of evil. The film version became the third movie in history to claim the top five Academy Awards, which were Best Actor (Anthony Hopkins), Best Actress (Jodie Foster), Best Screenplay (Ted Tally), Best Director (Jonathan Demme) and Best Picture. The sequel, \"Hannibal,\" was published in 1999 and it was also made into a movie.", "Similar to the fear of showers created by the pivotal scene in the 1960 film Psycho, Jaws caused many viewers to be afraid to enter the ocean. The film was credited with reduced beach attendance in the summer of 1975. Although it is considered a thriller-horror classic, the film is recognized as being responsible for perpetuating negative stereotypes about sharks and their behavior. Author Peter Benchley stated that he would not have written the original novel had he known what sharks are really like in the wild. Benchley later wrote Shark Trouble, a non-fiction book about shark behavior, and Shark Life, another non-fiction book describing his dives with sharks. Conservation groups have bemoaned the fact that the film has made it considerably harder to convince the public that sharks should be protected.", "The book became a bestseller and Michael Crichton's signature novel. It also received largely favorable reviews by critics. In a review for The New York Times, Christopher Lehmann-Haupt described it as \"a superior specimen of the [Frankenstein] myth\" and \"easily the best of Mr. Crichton's novels to date.\" Writing for Entertainment Weekly, Gene Lyons held that the book was \"hard to beat for sheer intellectual entertainment\" largely because it was \"[f]illed with diverting, up-to-date information in easily digestible form.\" Both Lyons' Entertainment Weekly piece and Andrew Ferguson's review in the Los Angeles Times, however, criticized Crichton's characterization as heavy-handed and his characters as cliched. Ferguson further complained about Ian Malcolm's \"dime-store philosophizing\" and predicted that the movie adaptation of the book would be \"undoubtedly trashy.\" He conceded that the book's \"only real virtue\" was \"its genuinely interesting discussions of dinosaurs, DNA research, paleontology and chaos theory.\" ", "While the novel was written in a time where invasion literature, stories which discussed the invasion of the British Empire, was relatively popular, this film was released in the midst of post-9/11 fears. When Ray returns home after seeing the first tripod, Rachel frantically asks if terrorists are attacking, also reminiscent of the 1953 film’s reflection of Cold War era fears.", "The Silence of the Lambs is a suspense novel by Thomas Harris , starring Clarice Starling and his popular villain Dr. Hannibal Lecter , the sociopathic , cannibalistic psychiatrist . First published in 1988, it quickly became an extremely popular bestseller . Its Oscar-winning 1991 film adaptation of it is still widely ranked among the best films ever made .", "Some critics refer to horror plays produced at the Grand Guignol in the late 19th century as having influenced the contemporary slasher genre. Others reference the visceral images of violence in films such as Maurice Tourneur's The Lunatics (1912), a silent film adaptation of a Grand Guignol play. Public outcry in the United States over films like The Lunatics led to the passing of the Hays Code in 1930, one of the entertainment industry's earliest set of guidelines restricting what could be shown on film. Under the Hays Code, even mild references to sexuality and brutality were deemed unacceptable.", "Plot: Taken from a Clive Barker original screen story, tells the tale of a novelist who discovers there are fates worse than literary anonymity in this sexually-charged tale of terror.", "It all started with the story written by H.G. Wells many years ago. As many of us know, the story was modified by Orson Wells and broadcast on Halloween night as a radio drama. This story took place in the New York City area instead of London. It caused quite a stir as some people thought it was a real newscast. As far as I know, it was never broadcast in the New York City area again until the early 1960s on WBAI-FM during an afternoon. This page is devoted to the 1953 movie based on the story.", "The Night of the Hunter (1955)—the first film directed by Charles Laughton and also, sadly, the last—is among the greatest horror movies ever made, and perhaps, of that select company, the most irreducibly American in spirit. It’s about those venerable American subjects fear, sex, money, and religion, and for the beleaguered children who are its heroes, salvation comes at the end of a long, drifting journey down a river: our old native idea of finding the way to someplace better.", "Through a marketing campaign orchestrated by Doubleday and paperback publisher Bantam, Jaws was incorporated into many book sales clubs catalogues and attracted media interest. After first publication in February 1974, the novel was a great success, with the hardback staying on the bestseller list for some 44 weeks and the subsequent paperback selling millions of copies in the following year. Reviews were mixed, with many literary critics finding the prose and characterization lacking despite the novel's effective suspense.", "Warner Brothers' second 'all-talking' picture was The Terror (1928) - director Roy Del Ruth's adaptation of Edgar Wallace's play regarding a haunted house terrorized by a homicidal asylum escapee. The film's many ads capitalized on the new feature of sound (creaking doors, howling winds, organ music), heard with the Vitaphone sound-on-disc process: \"It will thrill you! Grip you! Set you into tremors of awe. HEAR this creepy tale of mystery - the baffling story of a detective's great triumph. With voices and shadows that will rack your nerves and make you like it. Come, hear them talk in this Vitaphone production of the play that has gripped London for over 3 years.\"", "Tor Books published a novelization, Fright Night, by Craig Spector and John Skipp In 1985, . Working from Holland's screenplay, Skipp and Spector only had a month to write the book so it could be published to coincide with the release of the film. The book follows the story of the film but includes additional details about the characters and their relationships. The novel has been out of print for decades, and resale prices wildly vary.", "The film received positive reviews from critics. The film was the subject of the 2012 book Alfred Hitchcock's Frenzy: The Last Masterpiece by Raymond Foery. ", "One element of the book that was completely left out of the film was a sub-plot involving a Christ-like messiah and a faith system based upon what could have been a hoax. First published in 1968, this was one of his more theological based novels, and a trend that would continue steadily becoming more frequent and invasive until the end of his writing.", "The Exorcist is a 1971 novel by American writer William Peter Blatty. The book details the demonic possession of twelve-year-old Regan MacNeil, the daughter of a famous actress, and the Jesuit psychiatrist priest who attempts to exorcise the demon. Published by Harper & Row, the novel was the basis of a highly successful film adaption released two years later, whose screenplay was also written by Blatty.", "The Silence of the Lambs is a novel by Thomas Harris . First published in 1988, it is the sequel to Harris' 1981 novel Red Dragon . Both novels feature the cannibalistic serial killer Dr. Hannibal Lecter , but in this one, the protagonist is not Will Graham , but a female FBI Special Agent named Clarice Starling . The novel was adapted into a film in 1991, which won 5 Academy Awards, including Best Picture.", "Parents were surprised that a book about anthropomorphized rabbits could have so much death and violence. One of his daughters reported not being able to sleep after his stories, and Adams’ wife, Elizabeth, even tried to get him to take out the scene in which Bigwig gets caught in a snare. When asked by a 12 year old fan why the book was so scary, Adams responded , “Good stories ought to be exciting and if they are exciting they are inevitably scary in parts!”", "*12 Days of Terror (2004) — based on true events that occurred in July 1916 in central and southern New Jersey; recounts 12 days during which people along the Jersey coast were subjected to attacks by a shark", "The Book of the Month Club made the novel an \"A book,\" qualifying it for its main selection, then the Reader's Digest also selected it. The publication date was moved back to allow a carefully orchestrated release. It was released first in hardcover in February 1974, then in the book clubs, followed by a national campaign for the paperback release. Bantam bought the paperback rights for $575,000.", "A WEIRD and intriguing endeavor to put across something more in the way of a horror story involving children than the mere menace of a bogeyman is made in \"The Night of the Hunter,\" a film based on the novel of Davis Grubb and directed by Actor Charles Laughton, which came to the Mayfair yesterday. Paul Gregory produced this audacious film.", "American Gothic (1974) by Robert Bloch: Thriller based on the murderous career of Henry H. Holmes, a young doctor who stalked Chicago victims during the World”s Fair of 1893.", "The third novel written by Harris is considered a masterpiece of suspense by many people. The Silence of the Lambs was published in 1988 and includes madmen and a strong-willed female. The film made from the book won five Academy Awards." ]

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[ "Daphne du Maurier, best known for Rebecca, wrote the story upon which Alfred Hitchcock based his 1963 suspense film The Birds.", "The Birds is a 1963 suspense/horror film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, loosely based on the 1952 story \"The Birds\" by Daphne du Maurier.", "The Birds is a 1963 suspense/horror film directed by Alfred Hitchcock , based on the short story of the same name by Daphne du Maurier. The film's innovative special effects, soundtrack, and apocalyptic theme influenced later \"revenge of nature\" disaster films.", "Alfred Hitchcock directed and produced The Birds for Universal Pictures in 1963. Evan Hunter wrote the screenplay based on du Maurier’s story. The film stars Tippi Hedren, Rod Taylor, and Jessica Tandy.", "The Birds is a 1963 American horror film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, loosely based on the 1952 story of the same name by Daphne du Maurier. It focuses on a series of sudden and unexplained violent bird attacks on the people of Bodega Bay, California over the course of a few days.", "On August 18, 1961, residents in the town of Capitola, California, awoke to find sooty shearwaters slamming into their rooftops, and their streets covered with dead birds. News reports suggested domoic acid poisoning (amnesic shellfish poisoning) as the cause. According to the local Santa Cruz Sentinel, Alfred Hitchcock requested news copy in 1961 to use as \"research material for his latest thriller\". At the end of the same month, he hired Evan Hunter to adapt Daphne du Maurier's novella, \"The Birds\", first published in her 1952 collection The Apple Tree. Hunter had previously written \"Vicious Circle\" for Alfred Hitchcock's Mystery Magazine, which he adapted for the television anthology series Alfred Hitchcock Presents. He also adapted Robert Turner's story \"Appointment at Eleven\" for the same television series. Hunter later suspected that he was hired because he had demonstrated he could write suspense (with the 87th Precinct novels, as Ed McBain) and because his novel The Blackboard Jungle had received critical acclaim. The relationship between Hunter and Hitchcock during the creation of The Birds was documented by the writer in his 1997 autobiography Me and Hitch, which contains a variety of correspondence between the writer, director and Hitchcock's assistant, Peggy Robertson.This short book was adapted by Sight & Sound in its June 1997 edition.", "Birds throughout history have been seen as symbols of grace, peace, hope, trust, and beauty. These symbols although seen in the eyes of many... and were once found in all of us, are no longer found through the eyes who have ever experienced either tale of \"The Birds\". The celebrated short story \"The Birds\" by Daphne Du Maurier contrasts greatly with its film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. When analyzing each tale in depth one might conclude many things about what effect both the author and director...", "Perkins teaches American literature and film and has published several essays on American and British authors. In the following essay, Perkins compares du Maurier’s short story “The Birds” with Alfred Hitchcock’s film version.", "Inspired by a unusual occurrence of 'crying' birds, who bit some residents along the San Francisco coast, The Birds is another scary, and truly remarkable movie (Discover 37). Again the use of special effects and unique camera angles are found in this Hitchcock classic. This movie also comes from a novel by Daphne du Maurier, who's storytelling abilities make a reader believe, much like Hitchcock himself (DeWitt 249).", "Know what Hitchcock’s The Birds is based on? Thought not, but you should because Daphne Du Maurier’s original story is superior and creepier in every way.", "Under the Hunter name, novels steadily appeared throughout the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s, including Come Winter (1973) and Lizzie (1984). Hunter was also successful as screenwriter for film and television. He wrote the screenplay for the Hitchcock film The Birds (1963), loosely adapted from Daphne du Maurier's eponymous 1952 novelette. In the process of adapting Winston Graham's novel Marnie (1961) for Hitchcock, Hunter and the director disagreed on the rape scene, and the writer was sacked. Hunter's other screenplays included Strangers When We Meet (1960), based on his own 1958 novel; and Fuzz (1972), based on his eponymous 1968 87th Precinct novel, which he had written as Ed McBain.", "Hitchcock's movie was based on a short story of the same title written in 1952 by Daphne Du Maurier, but it is said that Hitchcock also showed interest in a real-life event that happened in the year 1961, in Monterey, Calif. People living in the Monterey Bay area reported huge flocks of seabirds which, without any possible explanation, rammed themselves against their houses. The incident, which left the residents rattled, took place two years before the release of the film. However, no one could understand why the birds behaved like that and Hitchcock never explained the reason behind the bird attack in his film.", "After its publication in 1952 in her short story collection The Apple Tree, “The Birds” became one of Daphne du Maurier’s most celebrated works. The story presents an unrelenting portrait of terror and a compelling analogy of the atmosphere of fear generated in America and Europe during the Cold War years.", "The 1960s were particularly troublesome for Hitchcock and his writers - The Birds screenwriter, Evan Hunter, was dismissed from Marnie when he refused to write the film's rape scene; after completing Marnie, Jay Presson Allen adapted J.M. Barrie's Mary Rose for Hitchcock, but the studio discouraged the director from proceeding with the film; and Brian Moore was so dissatisfied with his script that asked to have his name removed from Torn Curtain. Hitchcock had reached a point in his career where nearly every project he started required multiple writers, and even more projects were abandoned at the script stage. Joseph Stefano observed, \"In a strange way, the rest of his movies were an attempt to top Psycho. He never got back to that nice leisurely going from one film to another that he had done before.\"", "Daphne Du Maurier wrote a short story about a ton of birds attacking and eliminating human kind. Seems pretty unbelievable right? Actually while making the movie, Hitchcock spoke with farmers in California who complained that some of their cows had their eyes gouged by birds. So there had been instances of bird attacks in the area where Hitchcock’s movie takes place.", "Much of the story has been retold, in books (notably, Patrick McGilligan's \"Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light\") and in last year's HBO movie \"The Girl.\" Still, as familiar as we think we are with the scary masterpiece, there's still plenty that remains a mystery -- how did Hitchcock wrangle all those birds? How did he mix live ones with pretend birds so seamlessly? And what really went on between him and Hedren? Read on to learn some of the secrets of \"The Birds.\"", "keywords: Alfred Hitchcock , Bernard Herrmann , Remi Gassmann , The Birds (1963) , music scores, and post-production", "Hitchcock's next horror masterpiece was Universal Studios' apocalyptic The Birds (1963) about the invasion of coastal town Bodega Bay by avian flocks. A spoiled heiress (Tippi Hedren), her potential boyfriend (Rod Taylor), his mother (Jessica Tandy), and a schoolteacher (Suzanne Pleshette) all suffered from the many bird attacks. The theme of Man vs. Nature running amok remained unresolved by the film's end.", "The title is now as familiar as �the Mona Lisa� and must be translated to appreciate its all-encompassing strangeness. Les Oiseaux, Die V�gel. It�s the title of an ornithological book by Roger Tory Peterson in the Life Nature Library that was published the same year, 1963. The Birds opens in Union Square, a cable car goes by with an advertisement reading �Top of the Mart� as the camera pans left on Melanie (Tippi Hedren) crossing the street and passing behind a poster reading �San Francisco� which fills the screen and allows a traveling matte to complete the pan on the Universal lot as she enters Davidson�s Pet Shop (Hitchcock exits the store simultaneously with two small dogs on leashes).", "Directed by Alfred Hitchcock . Screenplay written by Joseph Stefano , based on the novel by Robert Bloch .", "keywords: Albert Whitlock , Alfred Hitchcock , Bodega Bay , Peggy Robertson , The Birds (1963) , and production", "Many of the final scenes in \"Bugs\" appear to have been inspired by the Alfred Hitchcock 1963 Classic The Birds - such as the shots of the bugs swarming against the night sky, the bugs penetrating through closed windows and doors, and the ripped back roof through which the Winchesters see the sky the following morning.", "keywords: Alfred Hitchcock , Sealyham Terriers , The Birds (1963) , production, and the Hitchcock cameo", "Have you ever wondered why the birds attacked the people in 'Master of Suspense' Alfred Hitchcock's movie The Birds? Hitchcock, a pioneer and master of psychological thriller, left cinema-goers terrified by his movie The Birds, in which the life of a couple in love in a small Northern California town turns upside down as birds of all kinds suddenly begin to attack people there in increasing numbers and with increasing viciousness.", "Another Hitchcock masterpiece was The Birds, with Tippi Hedren and Rod Taylor. Hitchcock described the theme of the film as “too much complacency in the world: that people are unaware that catastrophe surrounds us all.” Even though the monsters were only birds, it still terrified audiences with its everyday scenario. The most notable scare tactic is sound. Although Hitchcock integrated several other effects such as animation, it is the orchestrated sound effects that top it off. The soundtrack, composed by Bernard Hermann, is an eerie compilation of deadly silence and electronic bird noises. Hitchcock explains the silences as “a sort of monotonous low hum” that meant, in bird language, “we’re not ready to attack you yet, but we’re getting ready.”", "Home » Arts & Entertainment » Movies » Hitchcock Film Analysis: Vertigo, Psycho, and the Birds", "In the year 1963 – British film director Alfred Hitchcock poses with a seagull and a raven in a promotional still for his film \"The Birds.\" The film was released on March 28, 1963.", "It was a sort of apocalyptic short story. It's about these birds inexplicably attacking this isolated little farmhouse in Cornwall. I read it, and I would've given my right arm to work with Alfred Hitchcock. I then spoke to him on the phone and he said, \"Come on out with some ideas. We're throwing away everything but the title and the notion of birds attacking human beings. So come on out with some ideas.\" I remember Hitch showing me a lot of newspaper articles about unexplained bird attacks as a reminder that these things do happen, so we weren't dealing entirely with fantasy.", "keywords: Alfred Hitchcock , Bodega Bay , California , The Birds (1963) , location filming, and pre-production", "Has the mystery behind Alfred Hitchcock's thriller The Birds finally been solved? | Daily Mail Online", "But a more significant true-life incident involving strange bird behaviour was a source of even greater inspiration to Hitchcock. This occurred in the seaside town of Santa Cruz, Monterey Bay, on Friday 18th August 1961, not too far from where Hitchcock had a second home. An enormous flight of sooty shearwaters, fresh from feeding on anchovies, were involved in a collision with shore side structures from Pleasure Point to Rio Del Mar during the night.", "So, what did you think about Alfred Hitchcock's The Birds? Please express your opinion about it and address the following topics in your essay:" ]

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[ "At the outbreak of World War II, which was sparked by the 1939 German invasion of Poland, Neville Chamberlain was the prime minister of the United Kingdom; he was succeeded by Winston Churchill in 1940, who remained prime minister until July 1945. Clement Attlee replaced Churchill as prime minister in July 1945 and, although the war was technically still ongoing at that point, Attlee is not considered to be a wartime prime minister. The United Kingdom had suspended elections during the war, and elections were not held again until Germany had surrendered.", "Neville Chamberlain was the British prime minister as Great Britain entered World War II. He is known for his policy of \"appeasement\" toward Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany.", "Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician known chiefly for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. He served as Prime Minister from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, historian, writer, and artist. He was the only British Prime Minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature and the first person to be recognised as an Honorary Citizen of the United States.", "Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill KG OM CH TD FRS PC (Can) ( November 30 , 1874 – January 24 , 1965 ) was a British politician and statesman, best known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. He was Prime Minister of the UK from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953.", "After the outbreak of the Second World War, Churchill was again appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. Following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain on 10 May 1940, he became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and led Britain to victory against the Axis powers. Churchill was always noted for his speeches, which became a great inspiration to the British people and embattled Allied forces.", "Nazi Germany was becoming more menacing as Hitler grew more powerful and aggressive. Finally Britain and France were forced to declare war on Germany after the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and so started the Second World War. The charismatic Winston Churchill (1874-1965) became the war-time Prime Minister in 1940 and his speeches encouraged the British to fight off the attempted German invasion. In one of his most patriotic speeches before the Battle of Britain (1940), Churchill address the British people with \"We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.\" And indeed, Britain did not surrender.", "Upon his very first entrance into the House of Commons as Britain's new Prime Minister on Monday, May 13, 1940, Winston Churchill only received a lukewarm reception from the assembly, while at his side, outgoing Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was heartily cheered. Churchill then made this brief statement, which has become one of the finest call-to-arms yet uttered. It came at the beginning of World War II when the armies of Adolf Hitler were roaring across Europe, seemingly unstoppable, conquering country after country for Nazi Germany, and when the survival of Great Britain itself appeared rather uncertain.", "Out of office and politically \"in the wilderness\" during the 1930s because of his opposition to increased home rule for India and his resistance to the 1936 abdication of Edward VIII, Churchill took the lead in warning about Nazi Germany and in campaigning for rearmament. At the outbreak of the Second World War, he was again appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. Following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain on 10 May 1940, Churchill became Prime Minister. His speeches and radio broadcasts helped inspire British resistance, especially during the difficult days of 1940–41 when the British Commonwealth and Empire stood almost alone in its active opposition to Adolf Hitler. He led Britain as Prime Minister until victory over Nazi Germany had been secured.", "The 1930s saw Adolf Hitler rise to power and dominate much of Europe. When war was declared between Britain and Germany in 1939, Neville Chamberlain was British Prime Minister. On May 10, 1940 Hitler's forces struck at Holland, Belgium, and France. Chamberlain was seen by many as a weak leader and they longed for a more forceful leader with whom Britain could feel safe. Churchill, then First Lord of the Admiralty, was chosen to become Prime Minister (at the age of 65). It could be said that Churchill's fiery energy had never been experienced before in British politics and suddenly it seemed as though Britain could face the Naz giant. He made a speech on 13 May: \"You ask: 'What is our policy?' I will say: 'It is to wage war by sea, land and air, with all our might and with all the strength that God can give us: to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark lamentable catalog of human crime.' That is our policy. You ask: 'What is our aim?' I can answer in one word: 'Victory! Victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory however long and hard the road may be; for without victory there is no survival.'\"", "Winston served as the British Prime Minister from 1940 - 1945 during most of England’s battles during World War II. He was Prime Minister again from 1951 - 1955.", "When World War II began, Churchill was called as the First Lord of the Admiralty then later went on to be the chairman of the Military Coordinating Committee in 1940. In the midst of World War II, on May 10, 1940, Churchill was appointed Prime Minister. While Prime Minister, he was often criticized for “meddling” in military affairs; however, he proved to be a great inspiration to the British people in their war-torn country. He also helped to form strong allies with the United States, working closely with President Roosevelt after Pearl Harbor, and with the Soviet Union.", "Eleven days later German troops paraded through Paris. On 22 June the French Government signed an armistice with Germany. Now Britain faced the possibility of a Nazi invasion followed by all the horrors of brutal occupation suffered by many countries across Europe. Led and inspired by the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, the people of Britain prepared to fight for their freedom.", "Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18 March 1869 – 9 November 1940) was a British Conservative politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. Chamberlain is best known for appeasement foreign policy, in particular for his signing of the Munich Agreement in 1938, conceding the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia to Nazi Germany, and, when Germany continued its aggression, for his \"containment\" policy of Germany in 1939 that culminated in declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939.", "On June 14, German forces entered Paris; a new government formed by Marshal Philippe Petain (France’s hero of World War I) requested an armistice two nights later. France was subsequently divided into two zones, one under German military occupation and the other under Petain’s government, installed at Vichy. Hitler now turned his attention to Britain, which had the defensive advantage of being separated from the Continent by the English Channel. To pave the way for an amphibious invasion (dubbed Operation Sea Lion), German planes bombed Britain extensively throughout the summer of 1940, including night raids on London and other industrial centers that caused heavy civilian casualties and damage. The Royal Air Force (RAF) eventually defeated the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) in the Battle of Britain , and Hitler postponed his plans to invade. With Britain’s defensive resources pushed to the limit, Prime Minister Winston Churchill began receiving crucial aid from the U.S. under the Lend-Lease Act , passed by Congress in early 1941.", "After Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party gained power in Germany in 1933, Churchill became a leading advocate of rearmament and a staunch critic of Neville Chamberlain's appeasement policy. In 1939 he argued that Britain and France should form a military alliance with the Soviet Union against Germany. Soon after outbreak of World War II Churchill was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, and on April 4, 1940, he became chairman of the Military Coordinating Committee. Later that month the German Army invaded and occupied Norway. On May 8, the Labour Party demanded a debate on the Norwegian campaign; the debate turned into a vote of censure, which resulted in 30 Conservatives voting against Chamberlain and 60 others abstaining. Chamberlain stepped down on May 10, and King George VI appointed Churchill as Prime Minister.", "ww2dbaseFive months after the war with Poland began, Churchill became the chairman of the Military Coordinating Committee. On 8 May 1940 Chamberlain resigned due to a lack of confidence in his government. King George VI had originally favored Lord Halifax as Chamberlain's successor, but Halifax chose not to pursue that position. Even as King George VI asked Churchill to form a new government on 19 May, the British monarch had reservations about someone who seemed too out-spoken and overly confident, especially when contrasting with his own timid personality. He was also wondered whether Churchill, who was close to his brother the Duke of Windsor the former King Edward VIII, would support the Duke instead of himself if the tense relations between the brothers ever escalated. As time went on, however, the king would be convinced that he had made the correct decision in Churchill. Upon becoming the next Prime Minister, Churchill made a statement which included one of the most famous quotes of the WW2-era.", "British Prime Minister Chamberlain announced a committee of ministers to coordinate the war time economy. ww2dbase [ Main Article | CPC]", "On the same day, May 10, 1940, the German army struck in the west against the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg . France held out for just 38 days. (Listen to an excerpt of Churchill’s first address to the House of Commons as prime minister, on May 13, 1940.) When on June 18 the French government resolved to ask for an armistice, Churchill announced on the radio that Britain would fight on alone; it would be the nation’s “finest hour.” So began the second phase of World War II for Britain. Through August and September 1940 Britain’s fate depended upon 800 fighter airplanes and upon Churchill’s resolution during the terrific bombardment that became the Battle of Britain . In the last six months of 1940, some 23,000 civilians were killed, and yet the country held on.", "Prime Minister Chamberlain felt betrayed by the Nazi seizure of Czechoslovakia, realizing his policy of appeasement towards Hitler had failed, and began to take a much harder line against the Nazis. Amongst other things he immediately began to mobilize the British Empire's armed forces to a war footing. France did the same. Italy saw itself threatened by the British and French fleets and started its own invasion of Albania in April 1939. Although no immediate action followed, Hitler's invasion of Poland on 1 September officially began World War II.", "Winston Churchill became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on May 10, the same date as the German invasion of France", "On Sept. 1, 1939, Germany attacked Poland. Great Britain and France declared war on Germany on Sept. 3, and all the dominions of the Commonwealth except Ireland followed suit (see World War II). Chamberlain broadened his cabinet to include Labour representatives, but after German victories in Scandinavia he resigned (May, 1940) and was replaced by Winston S. Churchill. France fell in June, 1940, but the heroic rescue of a substantial part of the British army from Dunkirk (May–June) enabled Britain, now virtually alone, to remain in the war.", "Despite his best efforts to avoid just such an outcome, the Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was forced to declare war on Germany in September 1939. He nevertheless continued in office until the Norway Debate of May 1940, when Attlee made it clear that Labour would not serve in a government headed by Chamberlain and helped precipitate the sequence of events that led to Winston Churchill becoming Prime Minister.", "Arthur Neville Chamberlain ( 18 March 1869 - 9 November , 1940 ) was a British politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 - 1940 .", "After the outbreak of World War II, on 3 September 1939 the day Britain declared war on Germany, Churchill was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty and a member of the War Cabinet, just as he had been during the first part of World War I. When they were informed, the Board of the Admiralty sent a signal to the Fleet: \"Winston is back.\" In this job, he proved to be one of the highest-profile ministers during the so-called \"Phoney War\", when the only noticeable action was at sea. Churchill advocated the pre-emptive occupation of the neutral Norwegian iron-ore port of Narvik and the iron mines in Kiruna, Sweden, early in the war. However, Chamberlain and the rest of the War Cabinet disagreed, and the operation was delayed until the successful German invasion of Norway.", "James Ramsay MacDonald, FRS (12 October 18669 November 1937) was a British statesman who was the first Labour Party Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, leading a Labour Government in 1924, a Labour Government from 1929 to 1931, and a National Government from 1931 to 1935.", "British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940", "When the UK entered the Second World War in September 1939 George VI issued this message:", "When World War II breaks out in 1939, Britain postpones further action on independence and brings India into the war without consulting them. This outrages Indian leaders, who begin a campaign of noncooperation. While the nationalist leaders are arrested, millions of Indians support Britain during the war.", "was a British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War (World War II). He is widely regarded as one of the great wartime leaders", "Prime minister of New Zealand joined World War 2 beside Great Britain when the war started.", "After allying with Japan in the Anti-Comintern Pact and then also with Benito Mussolini's Italy in the \"Pact of Steel\", and finally signing a non-aggression treaty with the Soviet Union in August 1939, Hitler launched the Second World War on 1 September 1939 by attacking Poland. To his surprise Britain and France declared war on Germany, but there was little fighting during the \"Phoney War\" period. War began in earnest in spring 1940 with the successful Blitzkrieg conquests of Denmark, Norway, the Low Countries, and France. Britain remained alone but refused to negotiate, and defeated Germany's air attacks in the Battle of Britain. Hitler's goal was to control Eastern Europe but because of his failure to defeat Britain and the Italian failures in North Africa and the Balkans, the great attack on the Soviet Union was delayed until June 1941. Despite initial successes, the German army was stopped close to Moscow in December 1941. ", "On September 1, 1939, Hitler began World War II with his quest to control Europe. The sudden invasion of Poland was immediately followed by the destroying of Jews and the Polish elite, and the beginnings of German colonization. Following the declaration of war by France and England, Hitler temporarily turned his military machine west, where the light, mobile attacks of the German forces quickly triumphed. In April 1940, Denmark surrendered, soon followed by Norway. In May and June the rapidly advancing tank forces defeated France and the Low Countries. In the Air Battle of Britain, England sustained heavy damage, but held out after German naval operations collapsed." ]

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[ "Oflag IV-C, often referred to as Colditz Castle because of its location, was one of the most noted German Army prisoner-of-war camps for captured enemy officers during World War II; Oflag is a shortening of Offizierslager, meaning \"officers camp\". It was located in Colditz Castle situated on a cliff overlooking the town of Colditz in Saxony.", "If you ask anyone in Britain to name a German prisoner-of-war camp from World War II, the answer (unless it is \"don't know\") will almost certainly be Colditz; few, if any, other camps have achieved anything like the same level of fame. Much of the reason for this lies with this film, the book by Pat Reid that it was based on and the 1970s television series \"Colditz\". The camp, officially known as Oflag IV-C, was regarded by the Germans as a \"Sonderlager\", or \"special camp\"; it was also referred to by them as a \"Straflager\", or \"punishment camp\". Situated in a mediaeval castle in the heart of the Third Reich, it was used to house prisoners- British, Polish, French, Dutch and Belgian- who were regarded as particularly anti-German or who had escaped from other camps before being recaptured. The Germans were determined to house such men in an especially secure, escape-proof camp where the inmates would always be outnumbered by their guards. The prisoners, naturally, were equally determined to prove the enemy wrong about the camp being escape-proof.", "‘Allied officers interned in the east German prison camp Oflag IVC - known as Castle Colditz - endure the privations of captivity while attempting to do the apparently impossible: escape.’", "Oflag IV-C or Offizierslager from Militairy District IV Dresden, camp “C”,  was a prison camp for allied officers situated inside Castle Colditz. The first prisoners arrived in November 1939, 140 Polish officers from the German September campaign who were thought to have a high escape risk. In October 1940 the first RAF pilots checked in, Donald Middleton, Keith Milne and Howard Wardle. The latter a Canadian who joined the RAF before the war. From here on more nationalities were imprisoned in the Castle, British, French, Belgian, Polish, Dutch, New Zeeland and Yugoslavian and others. On the 23rd of October in 1944 the first American prisoner entered the camp, it was the 49 year old Florimund Duke, the oldest paratrooper of World War Two who was taken prisoner after parachuting into Hungary. The population in the camp was 254 in the early winter of 1944, in March 1945 twelve hundred French officers joined in, with 600 more in the village below.", "In April 1941 he escaped from Thorn with Norman Forbes. They were captured near Ilow while trying to enter Soviet -controlled Poland and were briefly in the hands of the Gestapo . [7] In May, they were both sent to Oflag IV-C (often referred to as Colditz Castle because of its location). [8]", "The larger outer court known as the Kommandantur, had only two exits and housed a large German garrison. The prisoners lived in an adjacent courtyard in a 90 ft (27 m) tall building. Outside, the flat terraces which surrounded the prisoners' accommodation were constantly watched by armed sentries and surrounded by barbed wire.  Although known as Colditz Castle to the locals, its official German designation was Oflag IV-C and it was under Wermacht control.", "Romilly was the first German prisoner to be classified as Prominente, prisoners regarded by Adolf Hitler to be of great value due to their relationships to prominent Allied political figures. Because of his importance to Hitler, Romilly was imprisoned in Oflag IV-C (Colditz Castle), from where escape was perceived to be almost impossible. Whilst at Colditz, Romilly lived in (relative) luxury with the other Prominente who would later join him, although they were all watched 24 hours a day in case they should attempt to escape. Romilly used this position to his advantage and caused trouble by issuing complaints at every conceivable annoyance. Amongst the list, he took offence to the noise created by the boots of his guard outside his door, preventing him from sleeping. Following a visit from the Red Cross, a red carpet was placed outside his door to dull the sound.", "Stalag Luft III, known to many as “The Great Escape” Camp was the vast PoW Camp for Allied Airmen cut out of a thick forest in Upper Silesia, then in the East of Germany, now located in Poland. 100 miles (160 km) southeast of Berlin. The site was selected because it would be difficult to escape by tunneling. The camp is best known for two famous prisoner escapes that took place there by tunneling, which were depicted in the films The Great Escape (1963) and The Wooden Horse (1950), and the books by former prisoners Paul Brickhill and Eric Williams from which these films were adapted.", "Freda Utley , in her 1949 book \"The High Cost of Vengeance\" [3] charged the court with amongst other things double standards. She pointed to the Allied use of civilian forced labor , and deliberate starvation of civilians [4] [5] in the occupied territories. She also noted that General Rudenko, the chief Soviet prosecutor, after the trials became commandant of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp . (After the fall of East Germany the bodies of 12,500 Soviet era victims were uncovered at the camp, mainly \"children, adolescents and elderly people.\" [6] )", "Auschwitz concentration camp — the most infamous of all of the Nazi death camps, which from 1942 to 1945 was an epicenter of the Holocaust against European Jews, Poles, Soviet prisoners of war, and Romani. Today, Auschwitz is synonymous with intolerance, fascism and ethnic genocide.", "After liberation, between 1945 and February 10, 1950, the camp was administered by the Soviet Union and served as Special Camp No. 2 of the NKVD. It was part of a \"special camps\" network operating since 1945, formally integrated into the Gulag in 1948. Another infamous \"special camp\" in Soviet occupied Germany was the former Nazi concentration camp Sachsenhausen (special camp No. 7). ", "Auschwitz concentration camp was a network of concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II. It consisted of Auschwitz I; Auschwitz II–Birkenau; Auschwitz III–Monowitz, and 45 satellite camps. Auschwitz I was first constructed to hold Polish political prisoners, who began to arrive in May 1940. The first extermination of prisoners took place in September 1941, and Auschwitz II–Birkenau went on to become a major site of the Nazi \"Final Solution to the Jewish question\". From early 1942 until late 1944, transport trains delivered Jews to the camp's gas chambers from all over German-occupied Europe, where they were killed with the pesticide Zyklon B. At least 1.1 million prisoners died at Auschwitz, around 90 per cent of them Jewish; approximately 1 in 6 Jews killed in the Holocaust died at the camp. Others deported to Auschwitz included 150,000 Poles, 23,000 Roma and Sinti, 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war, 400 Jehovah's Witnesses, and tens of thousands of people of diverse nationalities. Living conditions were brutal, and many of those not killed in the gas chambers died of starvation, forced labor, infectious diseases, individual executions, and medical experiments.", "Together with the much larger Auschwitz concentration camp, Dachau has come to symbolize the Nazi concentration camps. Konzentrationslager (KZ) Dachau lives in public memory as the second camp to be liberated by British or American Allied forces. It was one of the first places that firsthand journalist accounts and newsreels revealed to the rest of the world.", "Of interest is that all details regarding the camp were sealed and classified by the US Government; presumably because of the camp's involvement with an improved version of the V-1 flying bomb . In 1997, the information was declassified through the efforts of a former 8th Armored Division officer, Dr. Bernard Metrick. The records confirmed the role of the division in liberating the camp and the division's flag was added to those on display at the U.S. Holocaust Museum honoring those who liberated the death camps. [4]", "A concentration camp was established by the Nazis in the suburbs of the Polish city of Oswiecim which - like the rest of Poland - was occupied by the Germans from the beginning of the Second World War (1939-1945). The name of the city of Oswiecim was changed ('Germanized') to Auschwitz, which became the name of the camp as well.", "For a brief time, between Stalag 17 (1953) and The Great Escape (1963), stories of World War II prisoners of war were popular. All were treated with the utmost respect for the men who spent some of the war in the hands of the enemy or died while behind barbed wire. So many of the survivors were still alive during that time and their remained many first hand accounts. James Clavell wrote \"King Rat\" (1962) which was inspired by his experiences in a Japanese prison camp. ", "Le Struthof or Camp du Struthof in Alsace has a particular significance for the French because it was the main Nazi concentration camp where French resistance fighters were sent after they were captured by the Germans during World War II. The camp, also known as Natzwiller-Struthof, has become a symbol of the French resistance against the evils of Fascism during the German occupation of France. Although there were around 40,000 French citizens who were convicted of collaborating with the Nazis, there were also thousands of brave men and women who did not accept the capitulation of France and continued to fight Fascism as civilian soldiers or partisans in defiance of both the Geneva Convention of 1929 and the Armistice signed by France and Germany after France surrendered.", "And on April 20th, 1945, when the British were less than three miles from the camp, all the children of Bullenhuser Damm were murdered ..wever, when in 1940, Germany invaded France and the brutality of the Nazis accelerated with murder, violence and terror. In 1944 Jacqueline andAfter the war, the SS doctor Kurt Heissmeyer returned to his home in Magdeburg, postwar East Germany, to resume medical practice, highly regarded as a lung and tuberculosis specialist. The much-admired physician was eventually tried and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1966.", "Another Fascinating collection was a group of photographs from around September to November 1945 at Celle Prison of some of the main perpetrators of crimes against humanity at the Belsen and Auschwitz concentration camps, taken by Ft. Lt Parfitt, an RAF Spitfire pilot. The subjects included Franz Hossler the Commander of the women's camp at Auschwitz and Deputy Camp Commander at Belsen, Irma Grese known as the Bitch of Belsen and Hertha Bothe, The Sadist of Belsen.", "Tuchel . A camp for Russians and Romanians, also holding British and American prisoners from 1918.", "In 1937, the Nazis established Buchenwald concentration camp only eight kilometres from Weimar city centre. The slogan Jedem das Seine (\"to each his own\") was placed over the camp's main entrance gate. Between July 1938 and April 1945, some 240,000 people were incarcerated in the camp by the Nazi regime, including 168 Western Allied POWs. The number of deaths in Buchenwald is estimated at 56,545. The Buchenwald concentration camp provided slave labour for local industry (arms manufacturer Wilhelm-Gustloff-Werk). ", "* Karl Otto Koch - Commandant of the Nazi concentration camp at Buchenwald (from 1937 to 1941), and later at Lublin (Majdanek camp).", "The Soviets did everything possible to conceal the details and statistics of their nascent Gulag system, but the camps were hardly unknown abroad. In fact, they attracted admirers. In March, 1921, a young German politician published an article in the Fascist newspaper V�lkischer Beobachter, saying, �One prevents the Jewish corruption of our people, if necessary, by confining its instigators to concentration camps.� The author, of course, was Adolf Hitler. Nine months later, speaking at the National Club in Berlin, Hitler said that if he was fortunate enough to take power he would build such camps. (In this, he could rely on experienced assistance. Hermann G�ring, who directed the building of the first Nazi camps, was the son of Dr. Heinrich G�ring, who built labor camps in southern Africa.)", "The Ebensee camp was liberated by US forces on May 6, 1945. One of the prisoners, the Jewish Slovak printer-turned-counterfeiter Adolf Burger, later contributed to the awareness of Operation Bernhard with several versions of his memoirs published in the languages of Central Europe and in Persian.", "* Richard Baer - Commander of the Auschwitz I concentration camp from May 1944 to February 1945.", "had made the German authorities aware of their captive’s fame. In May the camp commandant, directed by", "During the period from 1945 to 1950, Die Spinne leader Skorzeny facilitated the escape of Nazi war criminals from war-criminal prisons to Memmingen, Bavaria, through Austria and Switzerland into Italy. The skillful and well-planned escapes were unnoticed by many US military personnel, although certain US military authorities supposedly knew and took no action.", "Lorenz's work was interrupted by the onset of World War II and in 1941 he was recruited into the German army as a medical man. [1] In 1944 he was sent to the Eastern Front where he was captured and spent 4 years as a Soviet prisoner of war. After the war he regretted his membership of the Nazi party. [2]", "On 7 June dozens of Canadians with the North Nova Scotia Highlanders and the 27th Canadian Armoured Regiment were taken prisoner following heavy fighting around the village of Authie. The Germans took their prisoners to the nearby Abbaye d'Ardenne, an ancient stone church where Colonel Kurt Meyer, one of the 12th SS commanders, had set up his headquarters after D-Day.", "Captured by the Soviets in a hospital, Baur was of great interest to his captors, who believed he had flown Hitler to safety before the fall of Berlin. They also believed he had information concerning stolen art. They especially wanted information concerning the plundering of the Amber Room, (Bernsteinraum), in Petersburg. He endured ten years of imprisonment in solitary confinement in the USSR before being released in 1955 to the French where he was kept prisoner until 1957.", "German soldiers were kept as forced labour for many years after the war. The last German POWs like Erich Hartmann, the highest-scoring fighter ace in the history of aerial warfare, who had been declared guilty of war crimes but without due process, were not released by the Soviets until 1955, three years after Stalin died. ", "After 1958, and especially after the capture and trial of Adolf Eichmann, a change became noticeable in the pursuit of Nazi criminals. In Germany and in other countries, investigations were renewed against a number of Nazis who had long ceased to be of official interest; the search for Nazi criminals who had thus far succeeded in avoiding imprisonment was intensified; the possibilities for Nazis to exploit the rights of asylum in other countries were diminished; there was an increased awareness that the crimes of the Nazis must not be forgotten and that the criminals must be punished in order to prevent a recurrence of the crimes. Although the sentences meted out to Nazi criminals in most of the trials in West Germany, and especially in Austria, were in no way proportionate to the crimes (if proportion were at all possible), the careful preparation of the trials by the prosecution and the openness and thoroughness of the substantiated verdicts, based, inter alia, on testimony given by Jewish victims, resulted in their contributing significantly to the research of Holocaust history for the education of the German people, and especially German youth." ]

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[ "Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States at the age of 42. He followed President William McKinley and later succeeded by President William Howard Taft. Prior to being President, he was a New York State Assemblyman, 33rd Governor of New York, and Vice President of the United States for six months under President McKinley.", "Teddy Roosevelt was a weak and asthmatic child who grew up to be one of the most robust and ambitious U.S. presidents ever. A former New York City police commissioner (1895-97), author, and hero of the Spanish-American War (1898), he reluctantly accepted an offer to become William McKinley 's vice president upon McKinley's re-election in 1900. When McKinley was assassinated in 1901, Roosevelt became the youngest man ever to become president. (He was 42.) He served two terms, built up the Navy, used \"battleship diplopmacy\" to create an independent Panama and then build the Panama Canal, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905 for helping to end the Russo-Japanese War, designated dozens of national forests, parks, and monuments, and strengthened the executive branch through his progressive agenda and the sheer force of his personality. He is often remembered for his policy pronouncement, \"Speak softly and carry a big stick.\" He was succeeded in 1909 by William Howard Taft . Roosevelt ran for president again in 1912, as a candidate of the National Progressive (or \"Bull Moose\") Party; he beat Taft but came in second to the next president, Democrat Woodrow Wilson . In the last years of his life he traveled widely, explored Brazil, supported America's entry into World War I, and published several books including Theodore Roosevelt - An Autobiography in 1913.", "Upon returning to New York, Theodore Roosevelt slowly re-entered the public life. He campaigned for (President) Benjamin Harrison who appointed Roosevelt to the United States Civil Service Commission where he worked until 1895. During his service, he mandated the implementation of civil service laws. He was unstoppable and during this time, he was described as irrepressible, belligerent, and enthusiastic. Succeeding Harrison as president was Grover Cleveland who also appointed Roosevelt to the same post.", "Roosevelt left office in 1909. He had selected William Taft, his Secretary of War to succeed him as President, and Taft easily won the 1908 presidential election. Roosevelt became disappointed by Taft’s increasingly conservative policies. Taft alienated Roosevelt when he used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to break up U.S. Steel. By 1912, the two were openly hostile, and Roosevelt decided to seek the presidency.", "On September 14, 1901, after six months holding office as Vice President, Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in as the 26th President of the United States. In the 1904 presidential elections, Roosevelt became president again in a landslide victory, with Charles Fairbanks as his vice president.", "The election, however, had never been in doubt. TR won 336 electoral votes to Parker's 140. He took every state outside of the South, including Missouri. Roosevelt was immensely popular and rode to a second term on a huge wave of public support, unlike anything the nation had ever seen. After the victory, Roosevelt vowed not to run again for the presidency, believing it was wise to follow the precedent of only serving two terms in office. However, he came to regret that promise in advance of the 1908 election, believing he still had much of his agenda to accomplish. However, he held true to his pledge and supported his chosen successor, William Howard Taft, in 1908.", "In September of nineteen hundred and one, President William McKinley was assassinated. His vice president, Theodore Roosevelt, was sworn in to replace him.", "Theodore Roosevelt  The 26th President of the United States (1901–1909). Roosevelt was 42 years old when sworn in as President of the United States in 1901, making him the youngest president ever; he beat out the youngest elected president, John F. Kennedy, by only one year. In 1901, President William McKinley was assassinated and Roosevelt became President. Roosevelt was also the first of only three sitting presidents to have won the Nobel Peace Prize. Roosevelt coined the phrase ‘Square Deal’ to describe his domestic agenda, emphasizing that the average citizen would get a fair share under his policies. Roosevelt’s policies were characterized by his slogan, ‘Speak softly and carry a big stick’. Roosevelt was the force behind the completion of the Panama Canal; sent the Great White Fleet on a world tour to demonstrate American power; and negotiated an end to the Russo-Japanese War, for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize.", "President William McKinley was shot by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in Buffalo, New York on September 6, 1901, and died on September 14, leaving Roosevelt to inherit the presidency. Being a few weeks short of his 43rd birthday, Theodore Roosevelt became the youngest person to hold the office. He retained McKinley's cabinet and promised to maintain his predecessor's policies. One of his first notable acts as President was to deliver a 20,000-word address to Congress on December 3, 1901,[http://www.theodore-roosevelt.com/sotu1.html Almanac of Theodore Roosevelt - Speeches of Theodore Roosevelt - Teddy Roosevelt] asking it to curb the power of large corporations (called \"trusts\") \"within reasonable limits.\" For his aggressive attacks on trusts over his two terms, he earned the label \"trust-buster.\"", "Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected president in a landslide over Herbert Hoover. Roosevelt receives 22.8 million popular votes to Hoover's 15.75 million.", "Less than a year later, President McKinley was dead, shot by a demented anarchist. McKinley had offered no opposition to the consolidation of American capital. But his successor, Theodore Roosevelt, had his own ideas about this. And he'd be tested by both capital and labor in one of the first crises of his presidency, another and even more bitterly fought anthracite strike.", "Theodore was a Republican president. His cousin, Franklin D. Roosevelt was a Democratic president - Who would...", "After the war, he became governor of New York, and later, vice president of the United States under President William McKinley. After McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist, Roosevelt was sworn in as president in 1901. He won re-election in a landslide in 1904, but declared he wouldn’t seek another term before his inauguration.", "President Franklin Roosevelt died suddenly of a cerebral hemorrhage in Warm Springs, Georgia and was succeeded by Vice President Harry S Truman.", "McKinley was assassinated in September 1901, and was succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt. Taft and Roosevelt had first become friends around 1890 while Taft was Solicitor General and Roosevelt a member of the Civil Service Commission. Taft had, after McKinley's election, urged the appointment of Roosevelt as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and watched as Roosevelt became a war hero, Governor of New York, and Vice President of the United States. They met again when Taft went to Washington in January 1902 to recuperate after two operations caused by an infection. There, Taft testified before the Senate Committee on the Philippines. Taft wanted to have Filipino farmers to have a stake in the new government through land ownership, but much of the arable land was held by Catholic religious orders, priests who were mostly Spanish, and were often resented by the Filipinos. Roosevelt had Taft go to Rome to negotiate with Pope Leo XIII, to purchase the lands and to arrange the withdrawal of the Spanish priests, with Americans replacing them and training locals as clergy. Taft did not succeed in resolving these issues on his visit to Rome, but an agreement on both points was made in 1903.", "President McKinley, whose popularity was heightened by the victory of the United States in the Spanish-American war, was easily returned to a second term in the election of 1900. His running mate was Theodore Roosevelt, Governor of New York. In less than a year McKinley’s presidency was cut short by an assassin's bullet delivered in Buffalo, New York. \"Now that damned cowboy is in the White House!\" declared political boss and Senator from Ohio, Mark Hanna on hearing the news.", "Roosevelt became president on September 14, 1901 when President McKinley died after being shot on September 6, 1901. He was the youngest man to ever become president at the age of 42. In 1904, he was the obvious choice for the Republican nomination. Charles W. Fairbanks was his vice presidential nominee. He was opposed by Democrat Alton B. Parker. Both candidates agreed about the major issues and the campaign became one of personality. Roosevelt easily won with 336 out of 476 electoral votes.", "Theodore Roosevelt became president in September 1901 after the assassination of William McKinley. Although he had been vice president under McKinley, Roosevelt did not share McKinley’s conservative, pro-business policies. Instead, as president, Roosevelt advanced aggressive political reforms, including the heavy regulation of business. Known as the “trust-buster,” Roosevelt was the first president to successfully invoke the Sherman Antitrust Act against monopolies and continued to restrict businesses throughout his presidency. His reforms greatly influenced economic, environmental, and international affairs as well. Roosevelt’s platform became known as the “Square Deal” because he vowed not to favor any group of Americans but to be fair to all.", "As the 1908 election approached, Roosevelt prepared grudgingly to fulfill the campaign pledge he had made in 1904 not to seek another term, and threw his support behind Secretary of War William Howard Taft . Immediately after leaving office in early 1909, Roosevelt left for a 10-month African safari and a tour of Europe, where he enjoyed international acclaim. Upon his return, Roosevelt found that President Taft had failed to follow through on the promised program of progressive reforms, instead siding with the more conservative wing of the Republican Party. Incensed, Roosevelt campaigned against Taft for the Republican nomination in 1912; when that effort failed, he and his supporters bolted to form the Progressive Party, popularly known as the Bull Moose Party. (Roosevelt had once referred to himself in a letter as being “as strong as a bull moose.”)", "Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the 32nd President of the United States (1933–1945) and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war. The only American president elected to more than two terms, he facilitated a durable coalition that realigned American politics for decades. With the bouncy popular song \"Happy Days Are Here Again\" as his campaign theme, FDR defeated incumbent Republican Herbert Hoover in November 1932, at the depth of the Great Depression. FDR's persistent optimism and activism contributed to a renewal of the national spirit, reflecting his victory over paralytic illness to become the longest serving president in U.S. history. He worked closely with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin in leading the Allies against Germany and Japan in World War II, but died just as victory was in sight.", "Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt (1858 – 1919) was the 26th President of the United States (1901 – 1909). Historians typically rank Roosevelt among the top five American presidents of all time. [114] [115]", "Mark Hanna was the rival power in the Republican party. Hanna died, and Roosevelt had an easy renomination and reelection in 1904. He won 336 of 476 electoral votes, and 56.4% of the total popular vote. He therefore became the first President who came into office due to the death of his predecessor to be elected in his own right.", "Franklin Delano Roosevelt ( 30 January 1882 – 12 April 1945 ), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the President of the United States from 1933 to 1945. A Democrat , he won a record four presidential elections and dominated his party for many years as a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic depression and total war . His program for relief, recovery and reform, known as the New Deal , involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy.", "Franklin Delano Roosevelt (, his own pronunciation, or; January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the President of the United States from 1933 to 1945. A Democrat, he won a record four presidential elections and dominated his party after 1932 as a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic depression and total war. His program for relief, recovery and reform, known as the New Deal, involved a great expansion of the role of the federal government in the economy. As a dominant leader of the Democratic Party, he built the New Deal Coalition that brought together and united labor unions, big city machines, white ethnics, African Americans, and rural white Southerners in support of the party. The Coalition significantly realigned American politics after 1932, creating the Fifth Party System and defining American liberalism throughout the middle third of the 20th century.", "In the 1936 election, Roosevelt won a decisive victory over his Republican opponent, Alf Landon of Kansas. He was personally popular, and the economy seemed near recovery. He took 60 percent of the vote and carried all but two states. A broad new coalition aligned with the Democratic Party emerged, consisting of labor, most farmers, most urban ethnic groups, African Americans, and the traditionally Democratic South. The Republican Party received the support of business as well as middle-class members of small towns and suburbs. This political alliance, with some variation and shifting, remained intact for several decades.", "In September of 1901, President McKinley was assassinated and Roosevelt became president. As president, Roosevelt worked hard to improve the quality of life for the average American. He took on large corporations that had formed monopolies or trusts. These trusts enabled companies to keep wages low and prices high. Roosevelt broke up many of these trusts and earned the nickname \"the trustbuster\".", "Following the assassination, newly-elevated President Theodore Roosevelt issued a pronouncement declaring: \"When compared with the suppression of anarchy , every other question sinks into insignificance.� [15]", "NARRATOR: The trusts had long been closely allied with Roosevelt's own Republican Party, but the new president had earned his reputation as a reformer.", "* Chester A. Arthur, became president in 1881 when James A. Garfield was assassinated in office, did not seek election in 1884.", "NARRATOR: In little more than a year, Roosevelt had made the presidency his own. He had attacked the trusts, settled the coal strike, expanded the power of his office, and come to dominate American politics.", "NARRATOR: With the money to finance his own campaign, Roosevelt was soon running as a Republican for the State Assembly, and his wealth, his eagerness and his father's good name all helped him to victory. He was the youngest man in the Albany legislature, just 23 years old. Albany had never seen anybody like Theodore Roosevelt.", "NARRATOR: As Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Roosevelt had argued fervently for the war with Spain that had won America island possessions in the Caribbean and the Pacific. Now he was president of a republic he had helped turn into an empire. He believed it was America's destiny to compete for world markets with the great imperial powers -- Germany, Britain, Japan." ]

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[ "An all-star roster of artists paid tribute to King on the 1995 album Tapestry Revisited: A Tribute to Carole King . From the album, Rod Stewart ‘s version of “ So Far Away ” and Celine Dion’s cover of “A Natural Woman” were both Adult Contemporary chart hits. Other artists who appeared on the album included Amy Grant (“It’s Too Late”), Richard Marx (“Beautiful”), Aretha Franklin (“You’ve Got a Friend”), Faith Hill (“Where You Lead”), and the Bee Gees (“Will You Love Me Tomorrow?”).", "An all-star roster of artists paid tribute to King on the 1995 album, Tapestry Revisited: a Tribute to Carole King. From the album, Rod Stewart’s version of “So Far Away” and Céline Dion’s cover of “A Natural Woman” were both Adult Contemporary chart hits. Other artists who appeared on the album included Amy Grant (“It’s Too Late”), Richard Marx (“Beautiful”), Aretha Franklin (“You’ve Got a Friend”), Faith Hill (“Where You Lead”), and the Bee Gees (“Will You Love Me Tomorrow?”).", "An all-star roster of artists paid tribute to King on the 1995 album Tapestry Revisited: A Tribute to Carole King. From the album, Rod Stewart's version of \"So Far Away\" and Celine Dion's cover of \"A Natural Woman\" were both Adult Contemporary chart hits. Other artists who appeared on the album included Amy Grant (\"It's Too Late\"), Richard Marx (\"Beautiful\"), Aretha Franklin (\"You've Got a Friend\"), Faith Hill (\"Where You Lead\"), and the Bee Gees (\"Will You Love Me Tomorrow?\").", "Chris replied: \"the Bee Gees when they were doing Saturday Night Fever in Miami.\" Blue Weaver a keyboardist who spent much of the seventies working with the Bee Gees also worked with the Boys on their first album \"Please\" as well as some of their earliest live performances. The PSB song \"Nightlife\" is something of an homage to the Brothers Gibb and is heavily influenced by them. In fact Chris and Neil submitted a request for them to provide backing vocals for the track but received no reply. Influences can go both ways: the Bee Gees publicly acknowledged that their 1993 track \"Fallen Angel\" was heavily influenced by PSB.", "Stigwood proclaimed that the Bee Gees were \"The Most Significant New Talent Of 1967\" and thus began the immediate comparison to The Beatles. Their second British single (their first UK 45 rpm issued was \"Spicks and Specks\"), \"New York Mining Disaster 1941\", was issued to radio stations with a blank white label listing only the song title. Some DJs immediately assumed this was a new single by The Beatles and started playing the song in heavy rotation. This helped the song climb into the Top 20 in both the United Kingdom and the United States. No such chicanery was needed to boost the Bee Gees' second single, \"To Love Somebody\", into the US Top 20. Originally written for Otis Redding, \"To Love Somebody\" was a soulful ballad sung by Barry, which has since become a pop standard covered by hundreds of artists including Gram Parsons, Rod Stewart, Bonnie Tyler, Janis Joplin, The Animals, Nina Simone, Jimmy Somerville and Michael Bolton. Another single, \"Holiday\", was released in the United States, peaking at No. 16. The parent album, Bee Gees 1st (their first internationally), peaked at No. 7 in the United States and No. 8 in the United Kingdom.", "The Bee Gees were a pop music group formed in 1958. Their line-up consisted of brothers Barry , Robin and Maurice Gibb . The trio were successful for most of their decades of recording music, but they had two distinct periods of exceptional success; as a popular music act in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and as prominent performers of the disco music era in the late 1970s. The group sang recognisable three-part tight harmonies; Robin's clear vibrato lead vocals were a hallmark of their earlier hits, while Barry's R&B falsetto became their signature sound during the late 1970s and 1980s. They wrote all of their own hits, as well as writing and producing several major hits for other artists.", "The Bee Gees have sold more than 220 million records worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists of all time. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997; the presenter of the award to \"Britain's first family of harmony\" was Brian Wilson, historical leader of the Beach Boys, a \"family act\" also featuring three harmonising brothers. The Bee Gees' Hall of Fame citation says \"Only Elvis Presley, the Beatles, Michael Jackson, Garth Brooks and Paul McCartney have outsold the Bee Gees.\"", "The Bee Gees were a pop music group formed in 1958. The group’s line-up consisted of brothers Barry , Robin , and Maurice Gibb . The trio were successful for most of their decades of recording music, but they had two distinct periods of exceptional success: as a popular music act in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and as prominent performers of the disco music era in the late 1970s. The group sang recognisable three-part tight harmonies ; Robin’s clear vibrato lead vocals were a hallmark of their earlier hits, while Barry’s R&B falsetto became their signature sound during the late 1970s and 1980s. They wrote all of their own hits, as well as writing and producing several major hits for other artists.", "Although her first solo effort, Writer, would prove to be a bust, her second album, Tapestry, released in 1971, would go on to stay at No. 1 on the Billboard charts for a record-breaking 15 weeks; it stayed on the charts in some form for a stunning six years. Tapestry remained the longest-tenured album in the top spot until it was finally beaten out by Michael Jackson's Thriller in 1982. As fellow songwriter Cynthia Weil said: \"Carole spoke from her heart, and she happened to be in tune with the mass psyche. People were looking for a message, and she came to them with a message that was exactly what they were looking for.\" Some of the hits from Tapestry were earlier King compositions reclaimed in her own voice, such as \"It's Too Late\" and \"Will You Love Me Tomorrow?\" She also added some new singles: \"So Far Away,\" \"I Feel the Earth Move\" and \"You've Got a Friend\" (later a No. 1 hit for her friend James Taylor).", "The eight-piece band - three electric guitars, two keyboards (all those string and horn parts to cover, let alone Maurice's synths!) - offered taut, sinewy arrangements. The potential problem was that the Bee Gees were all about harmonies. Would Barry's now be a lost, lonely voice in the wilderness? The solution, elegance itself, was to keep it in the family: Maurice's daughter, Sami, and Barry's son, Steve (who also played lead guitar). Remaining harmonies were shared among three backing singers, one of whom, Beth Cohen, stepped in for both Barbra Streisand (on \"Guilty\" with \"Woman in Love\") and Dolly Parton (on \"Islands in the Stream\"). In one instance, Robin Gibb himself popped up on a video screen and assumed the vocals on \"I Started a Joke,\" a rare example of this kind of haunting done well.", "Born on the Isle of Man in 1946, Barry and his brothers, the twins Maurice and Robin, began playing music at an early age. After moving to Manchester, they formed the skiffle band the Rattlesnakes in 1953, then, when the family moved to Australia in the late '50s, they became the Bee Gees. Their early rock & roll sound caught the ear of Festival Records and the band was signed to a recording contract. With Barry writing all the songs, the band released numerous singles and albums, and eventually scored a big hit with the song \"Spicks and Specks\" in late 1966. By then, the brothers had decided to return to England and had scored a record deal with Polydor thanks to the efforts of Robert Stigwood, an employee at North End Music Stores (NEMS) who, in shades of Brian Epstein, became the band's manager. Their first single recorded in the U.K., \"New York Mining Disaster 1941\" was the result of a new songwriting partnership among the brothers. It was an instant hit and the Bee Gees were on their way to stardom, both in the U.K. and in America, releasing a steady stream of hit singles and albums. Meanwhile, Barry wrote songs for other artists, including the Marbles, Samantha Sang, and P.P. Arnold.", "In 1967, that approach yielded Bee Gees' 7st. In 197 7, it resulted 1n the scorching FM funk of their hits from the Saturday Night Fever soundtrack and. in the process. shifted 28 m1lhon copies of the accompanying OST album. Then, in 1gs7, it heralded the third act o f their career: the machine-tooled introspection of the £.S.P album. which featured the chart-topping You Win Again. Drill further into their canon - both o n th eir records and the ones th ey've penned for th e likes of Barbra Streisand, Dionne Warwick .ind brother Andy - and other recurring themes reveal themselves. As lyricists, the Bee Gees arc rarely singled out for credit, but their peculiar, poetic genius for writing about love as though it were an existential affliction connects all three of th eir phases. The subtext of so many of the Gibb~' be~t songs seem s to be that our time on Earth is only slightly less unbearable with love than without.", "Born on the Isle of Man in 1946, Barry and his brothers, the twins Maurice and Robin , began playing music at an early age. After moving to Manchester, they formed the skiffle band the Rattlesnakes in 1953, then, when the family moved to Australia in the late '50s, they became the Bee Gees . Their early rock & roll sound caught the ear of Festival Records and the band was signed to a recording contract. With Barry writing all the songs, the band released numerous singles and albums, and eventually scored a big hit with the song \"Spicks and Specks\" in late 1966. By then, the brothers had decided to return to England and had scored a record deal with Polydor thanks to the efforts of Robert Stigwood , an employee at North End Music Stores (NEMS) who, in shades of Brian Epstein , became the band's manager. Their first single recorded in the U.K., \"New York Mining Disaster 1941\" was the result of a new songwriting partnership among the brothers. It was an instant hit and the Bee Gees were on their way to stardom, both in the U.K. and in America, releasing a steady stream of hit singles and albums. Meanwhile, Barry wrote songs for other artists, including the Marbles , Samantha Sang , and P.P. Arnold .", "The brothers had nine No. 1 songs, wrote dozens of hits for other artists, and sold more than 110 million records--placing them fifth in pop history behind Elvis Presley, the Beatles, Michael Jackson and Paul McCartney.  Their 1977 contributions to the ``Saturday Night Fever'' album made it the best selling movie soundtrack ever with more than 40 million copies sold. Among their disco hits on the album: ``Stayin' Alive,'' ``More Than a Woman,'' ``How Deep Is Your Love,'' and ``Night Fever.''  The Bee Gees became members of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and won seven Grammy Awards. Their last album was in 2001, titled ``This Is Where I Came In.''", "At Eric Clapton 's suggestion, the brothers relocated to Miami, Florida, early in 1975 to record. After starting off with ballads, they eventually heeded the urging of Mardin and Stigwood and crafted more dance-oriented disco songs, including their second US No. 1, \"Jive Talkin'\", along with US No. 7 \"Nights on Broadway\". The band liked the resulting new sound. This time the public agreed by sending the LP Main Course up the charts. This album included the first Bee Gees songs where Barry used falsetto, [41] something that would later become a trademark of the band. This was also the first Bee Gees album to have two US top-10 singles since 1968's Idea. Main Course also became their first charting R&B album.", "As the Bee Gees struggled to keep on top of the charts, Barry turned to writing songs and producing for other artists. One of his biggest solo compositions was the theme song to the movie version of Grease , sung by Frankie Valli in 1978. Around this time he formed a production team with songwriter Albhy Galuten and engineer Karl Richardson , and the trio worked on his kid brother Andy 's solo albums and, notably, Barbra Streisand 's 1980 Guilty album. The brothers Gibb still worked together as a songwriting team too, penning Dionne Warwick 's \"Heartbreaker\" and \"Islands in the Stream\" for Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton , while making their own records, like the 1983 soundtrack to the Saturday Night Fever sequel Staying Alive .", "In September 1980, Gibb produced the three new songs on Andy Gibb's first compilation album, Andy Gibb's Greatest Hits. In October 1980, Barbra Streisand's Guilty was released, produced by the Gibb-Galuten-Richardson team. The two songs of which were vocal duets between Streisand and Gibb are \"Guilty\" a US Top 10, and \"What Kind of Fool\" also reached the Top 10 in the US and reached #1 on the US Adult contemporary chart. In 1981, the Bee Gees released Living Eyes. Songs from the album were not disco and the album was not a commercial success. In 1982, Clive Davis asked Gibb to write for Dionne Warwick, who was on his Arista label. Barry produced Warwick's Heartbreaker. The songs were all written by Gibb except \"Our Day Will Come\". In August 1983, after Gibb met Kenny Rogers who asked for some songs, Gibb recorded his first demo for Rogers entitled \"Eyes That See in the Dark\". At that time, Robin was working on his How Old Are You? album with Maurice playing instruments. The other songs intended for Kenny Rogers were written in late 1982, then at the start of 1983, Barry continued to record the demos until April 1983, while also recording songs with the Bee Gees for the film Staying Alive. In August 1983, he produced Rogers' new album Eyes That See in the Dark, which includes the song \"Islands in the Stream\" by Rogers and Dolly Parton which became one of the best-selling singles in country music. ", "Carole's 1971 solo album, Tapestry, took her to the pinnacle. While she was recording Tapestry, James Taylor recorded King’s “You’ve Got A Friend,” taking the song all the way to No. 1. In a first for a female writer/artist, Tapestry spawned four GRAMMY Awards® — Record, Song and Album Of The Year as well as Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female honors for Carole. With more than 25 million units sold worldwide, Tapestry remained the best-selling album by a female artist for a quarter century, and Carole went on to amass three other platinum and eight gold albums. Tapestry was inducted into the GRAMMY Hall Of Fame® in 1998.", "A minor hit in 1965, \"Wine and Women,\" led to the group's first LP Barry Gibb and the Bee Gees Sing and Play 14 Barry Gibb Songs. By late 1966, the family decided to return to England, and seek their musical fortunes there. Whilst at sea in January, 1967, they heard that \"Spicks and Specks\", a song they had recorded in 1966, had gone to #1 in Australia.", "In late 1986, the Bee Gees began to writing and recording songs for their album E.S.P. to be released in 1987. In 1992, Lulu recorded \"Let Me Wake Up In Your Arms\" on which he co-wrote. Gibb later contributed vocals on the Brazilian duo Chitãozinho e Xororó and José y Durval's \"Palavras/Palabros\" (a Spanish or Portuguese version of \"Words\"). In 1998, the Bee Gees recorded their own version of \"Ellan Vannin\" with lead vocals by Gibb. It was later released as a single as a limited edition CD to benefit the Manx Children in Need charity. In 2001, the Bee Gees released their last album This Is Where I Came In and features his last composition on a Bee Gees record \"Embrace\".", "The Bee Gees' impact was as profound in Britain and America as it was in Australia and Singapore. Here, copy bands were quick to emulate their harmonies and disco rhythms even if they hardly understood the lyrics, and Asian sales of Bee Gees records were impressive. So, Maurice Gibb's passing marks the passage of my generation into its dotage. How should we mourn it?", "Okay, so I had never heard of this album until I started this article. Released in April 1970, the Bee Gees’ fifth album was produced by Barry, Maurice and Robert Stigwood, Robin, as noted earlier, having temporarily fled the coop. All I can glean from Wikipedia is that the album “consists of songs from their television special of the same name”. Not having even had television in SA at the time – it arrived only in 1976 when the apartheid rulers realised its propaganda potential – the TV special also passed us by.", "Carole King had worked as a Brill Building songwriter with partner Gerry Goffin before embarking on her own solo career during the singer-songwriter era of the early ‘70s. King’s second solo album, Tapestry, became one of the best-selling albums of all time and songs such as “I Feel The Earth Move,” “So Far Away,” “It’s Too Late” and “You’ve Got a Friend” became a part of the international music vocabulary. While many of her songs became better known by other artists — who doesn’t think of James Taylor when it comes to “Friend” or the Shirelles with “Will You Love Me Tomorrow” — King had the vocal and performance chops to stand on her own. Her introverted way made her an unlikely star, but her talent could not be denied. This collection includes “Child of Mine” from her first solo album, Writer, and select tracks from her solo work leading up to her more recent collaborations in 2001 with Babyface (“You Can Do Anything”) and Céline Dion (“The Reason”).", "The Bee Gees were always heavily influenced by black music. As a songwriter, it's never been difficult to pick up on the changing styles of music out there, and soul has always been my favourite genre.", "The next album, Children of the World released in September 1976 was drenched in Barry's new-found falsetto and Weaver's synthesizer disco licks. Mardin was unavailable to produce, so the Bee Gees enlisted Albhy Galuten and Karl Richardson, who had worked with Mardin during the Main Course sessions. This production team would carry the Bee Gees through the rest of the 1970s.", "In December 1980 Lennon was murdered. In his honour, Harrison rewrote the lyrics to a new song, \"All Those Years Ago\", that had yet to be issued. With McCartney and his wife, Linda, contributing backing vocals and Starr on drums, the song was released as a single in May 1981 McCartney's own tribute, \"Here Today\", appeared on his Tug of War album in April 1982. In 1987 Harrison's Cloud Nine album included \"When We Was Fab\", a song about the Beatlemania era.", "At that point their label, Atlantic, sent the brothers to Miami for musical experimentation. There, with the 1975 album “Main Course,” they reinvented the Bee Gees’ sound with Latin and funk rhythms, electronic keyboards and vocals that owed a debt to Philadelphia soul. It brought the band its first hits in years: “Nights on Broadway” and “Jive Talkin’,” which went to No. 1.", "\"Tragedy\" is a song released by the Bee Gees, written by Barry, Robin & Maurice Gibb, included on their 1979 album Spirits Having Flown. The single reached #1 in the UK in February 1979 and repeated the feat the following month on the US Billboard Hot 100.", "When Duffy Power, who has died aged 72, recorded I Saw Her Standing There on 20 February 1963, he was only the second artist to cover Lennon/McCartney on record. At that time Paul McCartney and...", "'Nights On Broadway', written by the Bee Gees, then became a U.K. Top 10 single in 1977.", "‘Watching the Hours Go By’ was a Bee Gees record with a guest vocalist— the first of many such recordings.", "The Bangles were huge in the UK, so them, especially since they did one of the few covers of a great artist that destroys the original with Hazy Shade." ]

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[ "Michael Douglas was born on September 25, 1944. He is an American actor and producer, primarily in movies and television. He has won four Golden Globes, including Cecil B. DeMille Award, and two Academy Awards; as producer of 1975's Best Picture, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, and as Best Actor in 1987 for his role in Wall Street. Douglas received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2009.", "James Edmund Caan (born March 26, 1940) is an American actor. After early roles in The Glory Guys (1965) and El Dorado (1966), he came to prominence in the 1970s with significant roles in films such as Brian's Song (1971), The Gambler (1974), Funny Lady (1975) and A Bridge Too Far (1977). For his signature role in The Godfather (1972), that of hot-tempered Sonny Corleone, Caan was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the corresponding Golden Globe.", "Michael Douglas is a well-known Hollywood actor, who has also been producing movies since a long time. He is seen acting in and producing not only movies, but being involved in television as well. Till date, he has won one Emmy Award, apart from Academy Award for Best Picture (as a producer) and Academy Award for Best Actor. In December 2007, he became the new voice of NBC Nightly News. Douglas has been married to Welsh actress Catherine Zeta Jones, since 2000. He has one son from his previous marriage (with Diandra Luker) and one son and one daughter from his present marriage.", "Son of legendary star Kirk Douglas, Michael Douglas was born Sept. 25, 1944, in New Brunswick, N.J. Despite his dad discouraging him from becoming an actor, Douglas launched his career on the TV series \"The Streets of San Francisco\" (1972-76).", "James Caan was born the son of a New York butcher. James was athletically gifted, and played football at Michigan State University. Acting intrigued him, and after gaining acceptance into Sanford Meisner's Neighbourhood Playhouse, Caan won a scholarship to study Wynn Handman. He began to appear in off-Broadway… more", "Michael Kirk Douglas (born September 25, 1944) is an American actor and producer, primarily in movies and television.", "Michael Kirk Douglas (born September 25, 1944 (birth time source: Steinbrecher, Astrodatabank, birth certificate)) is an Oscar-winning and Emmy Award-nominated American actor and producer, primarily on movies and television, who arose to fame as Karl Malden's young partner, Insp. Steve Keller in the popular 1970s crime drama, The Streets of San Francisco. Biography Early life Douglas was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey to celebrated American actor Kirk Douglas and Bermudian actress Diana Dill. His paternal grandparents, Herschel Danielovitch and Bryna Sanglel, were Jewish immigrants from Russia, while his mother and maternal grandparents, Lt. Col. Thomas Melville Dill and Ruth Rapalje Neilson, were natives of Devonshire, Bermuda; his maternal grandfather served as the Attorney Ge...", "Michael Douglas, nominated for an Academy Award for the first time, won the prize as best actor of 1987 for his performance as the cold-blooded corporate raider Gordon Gekko in ''Wall Street.''", "Douglas was an aspiring actor and comedian, but he never found the success of his father or of his Academy Award-winning sibling, Michael Douglas. He had a short-lived acting career in the 1980s and early '90s, playing supporting roles in movies such as \"Delta Force 3: The Killing Game.\"", "A masculine and enigmatic actor whose life and movie career have had more ups and downs than the average rollercoaster and whose selection of roles has arguably derailed him from achieving true superstar status, James Caan is New York-born and bred. He was born in the Bronx, to Sophie (Falkenstein) and Arthur Caan, Jewish immigrants from Germany. ... See full bio »", "Caan was born on March 26, 1940 in the Bronx, New York, the son of Sophie (née Falkenstein) and Arthur Caan, Jewish immigrants from Germany. His father was a meat dealer and butcher. Stated on Inside the Actors Studio, 2000 One of three siblings, Caan grew up in Sunnyside, Queens, New York City. He was educated in New York City, and later attended Michigan State University. He later transferred to Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York, but did not graduate. His classmates at Hofstra included Lainie Kazan and Francis Ford Coppola.", "Hollywood news – Michael Douglas (24), son of Kirk Douglas, is preparing to make his motion picture debut as one of the leads in “Hail, Hero.” Says Michael – “I was determined to start my professional career outside of Hollywood. I felt it would be much cleaner because of my father’s stellar status in motion pictures and because I wouldn’t have to deal with friends of his right at the beginning. It may sound like a cliché, but after I decided to become a player, I turned to New York because I wanted to discover my own values and not be influenced by parents or their friends.” Douglas has gone the avant-garde hippie and neo-guru routes and once wore his hair shoulder length. He admits having been turned-on several times (to drugs), but now that’s behind him because it would interfere with what he’s doing.", "Michael John Keaton (b. 1951), born Michael John Douglas, American multiple award winning actor known for his leading roles in Beetlejuice, Batman and Batman Returns and many more", "Born September 25, 1944, Michael Kirk Douglas was the oldest of four sons of Hollywood star Kirk Douglas.", "Kirk Douglas tried and failed for years to get an adaptation of Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Coo-Coo’s Nest to the screen. In nineteen seventy-four, his son Michael teamed up with Saul Zaentz and finally got the greenlight. Kirk was delighted and assumed that Michael would cast his old man in the lead, but it was thought that he was too old so the part (and the Oscar) went to the much younger Jack Nicholson. Based on that, I have a feeling that Thanksgiving that year at the Douglas house wasn’t much fun.", "Despite his success as a producer, Douglas resumed his acting career in the late 1970s, starring in Michael Crichton's medical thriller Coma (1978) with Genevieve Bujold, Claudia Weill's feminist comedy It's My Turn (1980) starring Jill Clayburgh , and Peter Hyams ' gripping tale of modern-day vigilante justice, \"The Star Chamber\" (1983). Douglas also starred in Running (1979), as a compulsive quitter who sacrifices everything to take one last shot at the Olympics, and as Zach the dictatorial director/choreographer in Richard Attenborough 's screen version of the Broadway's longest running musical A Chorus Line (1985).", "Despite his success as a producer, Douglas resumed his acting career in the late 1970s, starring in Michael Crichton's medical thriller Coma with Genevieve Bujold, Claudia Weill's feminist comedy It's My Turn starring Jill Clayburgh , and Peter Hyams ' gripping tale of modern-day vigilante justice, \"The Star Chamber\" (1983). Douglas also starred in Running , as a compulsive quitter who sacrifices everything to take one last shot at the Olympics, and as Zach the dictatorial director/choreographer in Richard Attenborough 's screen version of the Broadway's longest running musical A Chorus Line .", "Douglas played the lead with an all-star cast in Spartacus (1960). He was the executive producer as well, raising the $12 million production cost, making it one of the most expensive films made up to that time. Douglas initially selected Anthony Mann to direct, but replaced him early on with Stanley Kubrick, with whom he previously collaborated in Paths of Glory. ", "Scenes from Michael Douglas' life – At the premiere of \"It Runs In The Family,\" in April 2003, Douglas and his father, actor Kirk Douglas, left, embrace at the Bruin Theater in Los Angeles.", "It was in the year 1984 that Douglas once again tasted success, this time with the romantic adventure comedy, ‘Romancing the Stone’. The next year, he starred in the movie’s sequel, ‘The Jewel of the Nile’. In 1987, Douglas was seen in ‘Fatal Attraction’, which became a hit the world over. The same year, he did ‘Wall Street’, which won him an Academy Award for Best Actor. In 1989, he came out with two movies, ‘The War of the Roses’ and ‘Black Rain’, the latter one being a major hit.", "Douglas' own evolution into a premier character actor was completed by the early 1960s. His years of movie exile seemed to deepen him, making him richer, and he returned to the big screen a more authoritative actor. For his second role after coming off of the graylist, he won a Best Supporting Actor Oscar as Paul Newman 's father in Hud . Other films in which he shined were Paddy Chayefsky 's The Americanization of Emily , CBS Playhouse (a 1967 episode directed by George Schaefer called \"Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night\", for which he won a Best Actor Emmy) and The Candidate , in which he played Robert Redford 's father. It was for his performance playing Gene Hackman 's father that Douglas got his sole Best Actor Academy Award nod, in I Never Sang for My Father . He had a career renaissance in the late 1970s, appearing in The Seduction of Joe Tynan , Being There and Ghost Story . He won his second Oscar for \"Being There.\"", "Scenes from Michael Douglas' life – Douglas attends the 32nd Cannes Film Festival in May 1979.", "Scenes from Michael Douglas' life – A year after winning best actor for his role in \"Wall Street,\" Douglas attends the 1989 Swifty Lazar Oscar Party at Spago in West Hollywood, California.", "Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch; December 9, 1916) is an American actor, producer, director, and author. After an impoverished childhood with immigrant parents and six sisters, he had his film debut in The Strange Love of Martha Ivers (1946) with Barbara Stanwyck. Douglas soon developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1950s and 1960s, known for serious dramas, including westerns and war movies. During a sixty-year acting career, he has appeared in over 90 movies, and in 1960 was responsible for helping to end the Hollywood Blacklist.", "After that success, he went on to star in the thriller Coma (1978) with Geneviève Bujold. His next turn as producer was the nuclear accident thriller, China Syndrome (1979), which he also starred in alongside Jane Fonda and Jack Lemmon. The timing of the film’s release was ironic as it coincided with the crisis at Three Mile Island. From the success of The China Syndrome, Douglas went to star in Running (1979), It’s My Turn (1980), and The Star Chamber (1983).", "Ironically, the propitious timing of China Syndrome‘s release may yet obscure Douglas’ achievement. His 1975 production of One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest grossed nearly $130 million and won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture. But Douglas emerged less than golden. “I kept smelling my armpits,” he jokes bitterly. “The stars [Jack Nicholson, Louise Fletcher] and the director [Milos Forman] were getting new scripts by the carload, but my phone wasn’t ringing. I guess people thought it was handed to me on a platter—that I was just somebody’s kid who’d lucked into something big.”", "In 1978, he costarred with John Cassavetes and Amy Irving in a horror film, The Fury, directed by Brian De Palma. In 1980, he starred in The Final Countdown, playing the commanding officer of the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz, which travels through time to the day before the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. It was produced by his son Peter Douglas. In 1982, he starred in The Man from Snowy River, an Australian film which received critical acclaim and numerous awards. In 1986, he reunited with his longtime costar, Burt Lancaster, in a crime comedy, Tough Guys, which included Charles Durning and Eli Wallach.", "Kirk Douglas, one of the last survivors of Hollywood's golden age, celebrates his 100th birthday on Friday, December 9. He embarked on a screen career in 1946 after theater work and a stint in the Navy during World War II. The three-time Oscar nominee, pictured here circa 1955, appeared in such classics as \"Champion\" (1949), \"The Bad and the Beautiful\" (1952), \"Lust for Life\" (1956), \"Paths of Glory\" (1957) and \"Spartacus\" (1960).", "Veteran actor Kirk Douglas, right, holds the Oscar he received for lifetime achievement at the 68th Annual Academy Awards March, 25, 1996 in Los Angeles. Director Steven Spielberg presented Douglas with the award.", "Kirk Douglas is No.17 on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest male American screen legends of all time, making him the highest-ranked living person on the list. In 1996, Kirk Douglas received the Academy Honorary Award \"for 50 years as a creative and moral force in the motion picture community.\"", "1. For his role in which 1987 film did Michael Douglas win an Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Gordon Gecko?", "Lawrence Kasdan�s name is synonymous with cinema, as he is a prolific writer, producer and director. Kasdan has been involved in numerous film productions such as The Empire Strikes Back (1980), Return of the Jedi (1983), The Big Chill (1983), The Bodyguard (1992), Wyatt Earp (1994) and many others. However, it would be The Accidental Tourist (1988) which would be his most critically acclaimed production. At the 1989 Academy Awards The Accidental Tourist (1988) was nominated for Best Picture, Best Screenplay, Best Original Score and earned Geena Davis a Best Actress in a Supporting Role Oscar." ]

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[ "Brindisi is a small ancient city at the southern tip of Italy. It is a popular docking station for ocean steam liners due to its deepwater harbour. When passing through Brindisi either for leisure or to catch a passenger ferry, be sure to visit a couple local attractions such as the Frederick II castle and the numerous cathedrals.", "Brindisi by night from the sea   There is something about a beach, a harbor, and the coastline in general that fills you with freshness and a sense of awe. If you throw in a peak at a sunrise or sunset, then you are doing even better. If you are in the south of Italy, there is much coastline to take in and see. One such spots is the ancient city of Brindisi.   Brindisi is in the Puglia region of Italy, specifically on its south-eastern coast,  just", "Surrounded by vineyards, artichoke and olive groves, the city of Brindisi is a major sailing port for the southern part of Italy. In modern times, the province has experienced a process of change in its economic structure, with a progressive decrease in the weight of industry and growth of the tertiary sector. A significant increase in tourism, due to a good infrastructure has been witnessed, as well as the growth of its artistic and culinary assets. ", "Brindisi (; in the local dialect: Brìnnisi; ) Brentesion or BrindesionMessapian: Brention is a city in the region of Apulia in southern Italy, the capital of the province of Brindisi, off the coast of the Adriatic Sea. ", "The Public Transport Company of Brindisi provides public transport in the city, and is the link with the other municipalities in the province. Moreover, the company provides transport service by sea into inland waters of the port of Brindisi. Brindisi is also a major ferry port, with routes to Greece and elsewhere. ", "Adriatic ; Adriatic Sea (an arm of the Mediterranean between Slovenia and Croatia and Montenegro and Albania on the east and Italy on the west)", "Brindisi is situated on a natural harbor, that penetrates deeply into the Adriatic coast of Apulia. Within the arms of the outer harbor islands are Pedagne, a tiny archipelago, currently not open and in use for military purposes (United Nations Group Schools used during the intervention in Bosnia). ", "The famous Italian lagoon city, the city of canals is the capital of the Veneto region of Italy .", "On 13 January 2012 at about 9:45 p.m., in calm seas and overcast weather, under command of Captain Francesco Schettino, Costa Concordia struck a rock in the Tyrrhenian Sea just off the eastern shore of Isola del Giglio, on the western coast of Italy about 100 km northwest of Rome. This tore a 50 m gash on the port side of her hull, which soon flooded parts of the engine room resulting in power loss to her propulsion and electrical systems. With water flooding in and listing, the ship drifted back to Giglio Island where she grounded 500 m north of the village of Giglio Porto, resting on her starboard side in shallow waters with most of her starboard side under water. Confirms that vessel was holed. Discusses stability issue when large modern ships are holed. Explains heeling first in direction of hole, then in opposite direction.", "Lake Ohrid (Macedonian: Охридско Езеро), straddles the mountainous border between southwestern Macedonia and eastern Albania. It is one of Europe's deepest and oldest lakes, preserving a unique aquatic ecosystem that is of worldwide importance, with more than 200 endemic species.[1] The importance of the lake was further emphasized when it was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1979 and when, in 2010, NASA decided to name one of Titan's lakes after Lake Ohrid.[2] In 2014, the Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Reserve between Albania and Macedonia was added to UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves.[3] The towns situated at the lakeside are Pogradec in Albania, along with Ohrid and Struga in Macedonia. The lake is otherwise densely surrounded by settlements in the form of villages and resorts - in both basin countries.", "The cruise ship Costa Concordia lays on its side off the tiny Tuscan island of Giglio, Italy, Wednesday, Jan. 18, 2012. Italian searchers suspended operations on Wednesday after an enormous cruise ship grounded and partially submerged off the coast of Tuscany shifted slightly, creating concerns for the safety of divers and firefighters scouring the cruise ship for more than 20 passengers and crew still missing. Gregorio Borgia / AP2012", "The Abū Qīr Bay (sometimes transliterated Abukir Bay or Aboukir Bay) (; transliterated: Khalīj Abū Qīr) is a spacious bay on the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt, lying between Abu Qir (near Alexandria) and the Rosetta mouth of the Nile. It contains a natural gas field, discovered in the 1970s.", "In 1953, a subsidiary of BP, D'Arcy Exploration Ltd, obtained an offshore concession from the ruler of Abu Dhabi. BP joined with Compagnie Française des Pétroles (later Total) to form operating companies, Abu Dhabi Marine Areas Ltd (ADMA) and Dubai Marine Areas Ltd (DUMA). A number of undersea oil surveys were carried out, including one led by the famous marine explorer, Jacques Cousteau. In 1958, a floating platform rig was towed from Hamburg, Germany, and positioned over the Umm Shaif pearl bed, in Abu Dhabi waters, where drilling began. In March, it struck oil in the Upper Thamama, a rock formation that would provide many valuable oil finds. This was the first commercial discovery of the Trucial Coast, leading to the first exports of oil in 1962. ADMA made further offshore discoveries at Zakum and elsewhere, and other companies made commercial finds such as the Fateh oilfield off Dubai, and the Mubarak field off Sharjah (shared with Iran). ", "From an urban point of view [58] [59], the city's earliest signs of human settlement are on the promontory of Punta Terre, a coastal area outside the port. As a Roman colony ( 244 BC ), the city experienced a major urban expansion that ensued economic and social development. According to Pliny the Elder, Brindisi was one of the most important Italian cities.", "south of the Peninsula, initially down to Benevento and subsequently extending it to Brindisi [5], [6].", "Brindisi (September 9, 1943-February 1944): The Latin name Brundisium comes from the Greek Brentesion (Βρεντήσιον) meaning \"deer's head\", which refers to the shape of the natural harbor.", "The Deepwater Horizon was a 9-year-old semi-submersible, mobile, floating, dynamically positioned drilling rig that could operate in waters up to 10000 ft deep. Built by South Korean company Hyundai Heavy Industries and owned by Transocean, the rig operated under the Marshallese flag of convenience, and was chartered to BP from March 2008 to September 2013. It was drilling a deep exploratory well, 18360 ft below sea level, in approximately 5100 ft of water. The well is situated in the Macondo Prospect in Mississippi Canyon Block 252 (MC252) of the Gulf of Mexico, in the United States' exclusive economic zone. The Macondo well is located roughly 41 mi off the Louisiana coast. BP was the operator and principal developer of the Macondo Prospect with a 65% share, while 25% was owned by Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, and 10% by MOEX Offshore 2007, a unit of Mitsui.", "Brindisi (September 9, 1943 – February 1944): The Latin name Brundisium comes from the Greek Brentesion (Βρεντήσιον) meaning \"deer's head\", which refers to the shape of the natural harbor.", "The various establishments of ENI, located as Polimeri Europa, Snam and EniPower are placed in the petrochemical complex of Brindisi, on the outskirts of the city, overlooking the Adriatic Sea.", "The Ligurian Sea (Italian: Mar Ligure; French: Mer Ligurienne) is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, between the Italian Riviera (Liguria and Tuscany) and the island of Corsica. The sea is probably named after the ancient Ligures people.", "Daniela Freggi, the director of the Lampedusa Turtle Group, a small NGO dedicated to marine conservation, first encountered the migration phenomenon under what she called “bizarre circumstances.” In the winter of 2011, the Guardia Costiera rescued over 800 migrants, primarily from East Africa. Since her sea turtle rescue center shares a building with the Guardia Costiera, the facility was transformed into a shelter after the processing center overflowed. Arriving on site, Freggi discovered that much of her operating equipment and several of her holding tanks were lost or damaged in the “chaos and bustle”. Funded only by small donations, the Lampedusa Turtle Group could not work at full capacity for the entire following year.", "The entire municipality is part of the Brindisi Plain, characterized by high agricultural uses of its land. It is located in the northeastern part of the Salento plains, about 40 km from the Itria Valley, and the low Murge. Not far from the city is the Natural Marine Reserve of the World Wide Fund for Nature of Torre Guaceto. The Ionian Sea is about 45 km away.", "Within the territory of the town of Brindisi environmental protected areas are located, some newly established:", "Today, evaporation of surface seawater (output) is more than the supply (input) of fresh water by precipitation and coastal drainage systems, causing the salinity of the Mediterranean to be much higher than that of the Atlantic—so much so that the saltier Mediterranean waters sink below the waters incoming from the Atlantic, causing a two-layer flow across the Gibraltar strait: that is, an outflow submarine current of warm saline Mediterranean water, counterbalanced by an inflow surface current of less saline cold oceanic water from the Atlantic. Herman Sörgel's Atlantropa project proposal in the 1920s proposed a hydroelectric dam to be built across the Strait of Gibraltar, using the inflow current to provide a large amount of hydroelectric energy. The underlying energy grid was as well intended to support a political union between Europe and, at least, the Marghreb part of Africa (compare Eurafrika for the later impact and Desertec for a later project with some parallels in the planned grid). ", "there is pollution in the water from solvents and disinfectants which were on board the vessel. The area around Giglio is part of the Tuscan Archipelago National Park, which describes itself as the largest marine park in", "* Soverato on the Ionian Sea, also known as the \"Pearl\" of the Ionian Sea. Especially renowned for its beaches, boardwalk and nightlife.", "The peaceful island of Procida is the ideal place for those wishing to relax and swim in the beautifully clean, warm sea. The beach of Silurenza is located just steps away from the port of Marina Grande. The Spiaggia della Lingua is a small beach, much loved by scuba divers. The sun shines on the beach of Ciraccio from dawn until dusk, making it the perfect choice for those intent on obtaining an authentic Mediterranean tan.", "Arriving from  La Spezia , one meets the Gulf of Tigullio, enclosed between Moneglia to the east and the  Portofino  promontory to the west: embedded gems in every extremity of one of the most beautiful places that nature and man could create. Tigullio is a succession of extraordinary environmental beauties, little bays and enchanted beaches - think  Sestri Levante's famous Bay of Silence , in addition to breathtaking sebeds.", "A seaside tourist resort situated at the mouth of the river Mesoggi. The area could well have been inhabited since Neolithic times if one is to judge from the small 3rd century B.C. temple which can be seen high up on the hill. At the river mouth there are ruins of a Hellenoromaic building.", "They don’t call it ‘maggiore’ for nothing. This beautiful lake extends for miles, 43 to be exact (70 kilometres) and 3 to 5 miles (3 to 5 kilometres) wide, except at the bay opening westward between Pallanza and Stresa, where it is 6 miles (10 km) wide.", "It had been known since before the 20th century that the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara flow into each other in a geographic example of \"density flow\", and in August 2010, a continuous 'underwater channel' of suspension composition was discovered to flow along the floor of the Bosphorus, which would be the sixth largest river on Earth if it were to be on land. The study of the water and wind erosion of the straits relates to that of its formation. Sections of the shore have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and sections of the strait prone to deposition are periodically dredged.", "The Blue Lagoon was formed in 1976 during operations at the nearby geothermal power plant. In the years that followed, people began to bathe in the unique water, which is thought to have health benefits, and apply the silica mud to their skin, and the site has been innovative in harnessing this gift of nature to develop different spa services and products over the years. Today, the Blue Lagoon is a part of the Svartsengi Resource Park, which is home to five cutting-edge companies built on ecological balance, economic prosperity and social progress." ]

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[ "Walter Leland Cronkite, Jr. (November 4, 1916 – July 17, 2009) [2] [3] [4] was an American broadcast journalist , best known as anchorman for the CBS Evening News for 19 years (1962–81). During the heyday of CBS News in the 1960s and 1970s, he was often cited as \"the most trusted man in America\" after being so named in an opinion poll . [5] [6] [7] Although he reported many events from 1937 to 1981, including bombing in World War II , the Nuremberg trials , combat in the Vietnam War , [8] Watergate , the Iran Hostage Crisis , and the murders of President John F. Kennedy , civil rights pioneer Martin Luther King, Jr. , and The Beatles musician John Lennon , he was known for extensive TV coverage of the U.S. space program, from Project Mercury to the Moon landings to the Space Shuttle . He was the only non-NASA recipient of a Moon-rock award. Cronkite is well known for his departing catchphrase \"And that's the way it is,\" followed by the date on which the appearance is aired.", "Walter Leland Cronkite, Jr. (November 4, 1916 – July 17, 2009) [2] [3] [4] was an American broadcast journalist , best known as anchorman for the CBS Evening News for 19 years (1962–81). During the heyday of CBS News in the 1960s and 1970s, he was often cited as \"the most trusted man in America\" after being so named in an opinion poll . [5] [6] [7] Although he reported many events from 1937 to 1981, including bombing in World War II , the Nuremberg trials , combat in the Vietnam War , [8] the death of President John F. Kennedy , Watergate , and the Iran Hostage Crisis , he was known for extensive TV coverage of the U.S. space program, from Project Mercury to the Moon landings to the Space Shuttle . He was the only non-NASA recipient of a Moon-rock award. The Beatles ' first American TV broadcast was with Walter Cronkite.", "CBS News legend Morley Safer , whose work on \"60 Minutes\" embodied the show's 50 years on air, died at the age of 84, according to CBS on May 19.", "Walter Leland Cronkite, Jr. (November 4, 1916 – July 17, 2009) was an American broadcast journalist, best known as anchorman for the CBS Evening News for 19 years (1962–81). During the heyday of CBS News in the 1960s and 1970s, he was often cited as \"the most trusted man in America\" after being so named in an opinion poll. He reported many events from 1937 to 1981, including bombings in World War II; the Nuremberg trials; combat in the Vietnam War; the Dawson's Field hijackings; Watergate; the Iran Hostage Crisis; and the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy, civil rights pioneer Martin Luther King, Jr., and Beatles musician John Lennon. He was also known for his extensive coverage of the U.S. space program, from Project Mercury to the Moon landings to the Space Shuttle. He was the only non-NASA recipient of a Moon-rock award. Cronkite is well known for his departing catchphrase \"And that's the way it is,\" followed by the broadcast's date.", "Walter Leland Cronkite, Jr. ( 4 November 1916 – 17 July 2009 ) was an American broadcast journalist, most famous as the anchorman for The CBS Evening News for 19 years (1962–1981).", "On April 16, 1962, Cronkite succeeded Douglas Edwards as anchorman of the CBS Evening News (initially Walter Cronkite with the News), a job in which he became an American icon. [10] The program expanded from 15 to 30 minutes on September 2, 1963, making Cronkite the anchor of American network television's first nightly half-hour news program.[ citation needed ]", "On April 16, 1962, Cronkite succeeded Douglas Edwards as anchorman of the CBS Evening News (initially Walter Cronkite with the News), a job in which he became an American icon. [10] The program expanded from 15 to 30 minutes on September 2, 1963, making Cronkite the anchor of American network television's first nightly half-hour news program.", "Cronkite became one of the first nationally recognized television reporters and the model for the electronic news term “anchorman” when he reported from the 1952 Republican Convention in Chicago.  There, executives decided he would assume the crucial role on the team reporting the event, a role likened to the anchor spot on a track relay team. Cronkite remained the CBS News “anchor” for conventions and elections until 1980.", "He was the man who told us that President Kennedy had been shot, the man who told us that we had put a man on the moon, and the man who told us that we couldn’t win the war in Vietnam. During the 20 years he anchored the evening news on CBS, Walter Cronkite became a daily presence in the American home. Building on the legacy of Edward R. Murrow, he brought CBS to the pinnacle of prestige and popularity in television news. And when he left CBS, both began to ebb away.", "For many years, until a decade after he left his post as anchor, [77] Cronkite was considered one of the most trusted figures in the United States . [52] For most of his 19 years as anchor, he was the \"predominant news voice in America.\" [77] Affectionately known as \"Uncle Walter,\" he covered many of the important news events of the era so effectively that his image and voice are closely associated with the Cuban missile crisis , the assassination of President John F. Kennedy , the Vietnam War , the Apollo 11 Moon landing, and the Watergate scandal . [1] [4] USA Today wrote that \"few TV figures have ever had as much power as Cronkite did at his height.\" [77] Enjoying the cult of personality surrounding Cronkite in those years, CBS allowed some good-natured fun-poking at its star anchorman in some episodes of the network's popular situation comedy All in the Family , during which the lead character Archie Bunker would sometimes complain about the newsman, calling him \"Pinko Cronkite.\"", "            As anchor and managing editor of the CBS EVENING NEWS from 1962 to 1981, Cronkite became the symbol of CBS News and the face two generations of Americans associate with some of the biggest stories of the 20th century.  Speaking in a calm, authoritative voice with a screen presence that exuded confidence and familiarity, Cronkite formed a bond with Americans by bringing stories such as the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, space launches and the Vietnam War into their living rooms.  The bond was so strong that Americans polled in 1973 chose him – by a 16 percent margin over the nearest competitor – as the “most trusted” public figure in the country.  He still enjoyed that status 22 years later according to a poll published in TV Guide in 1995, nearly 15 years after relinquishing his anchor chair.", "(CNN) -- Walter Cronkite, the CBS anchorman known as \"Uncle Walter\" for his easygoing, measured delivery and \"the most trusted man in America\" for his rectitude and gravitas, died Friday night in his New York home, CBS reported.", "1981 - Walter Cronkite, the dean of American television newscasters, said �And that�s the way it is� for the final time, as he closed the CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite. An audience estimated at 17,000,000 viewers saw �the most trusted man in America� sign-off. Cronkite retired after more than 30 years in broadcasting. He was replaced by Dan Rather at the anchor desk.", "Cronkite's success drew the attention of CBS's New York executives. His network assignments increased. One such program, a special broadcast of the Japanese peace treaty ceremony originating from San Francisco in 1951, was one of the first coast-to-coast live broadcasts in American television history. The program was aired by ninety-four stations throughout the United States, and Cronkite's ability to pull together multiple informational and technical elements while extemporizing greatly impressed Sig Mickelson, the new president of CBS Television News.", "Walter Cronkite , the television newsman whose steady baritone informed, reassured and guided the nation during the tumultuous 1960s and '70s and who was still regarded as \"the most trusted man in America\" years after leaving his CBS anchor chair, has died. He was 92.", "By the late 1950s, NBC News, with its Huntley-Brinkley Report, which had emerged from the 1956 political conventions, had surpassed CBS News as the nation's most popular, and profitable, network news division. The CBS Evening News, hosted by Douglas Edwards since its inception in 1948, had become comparatively stagnant. CBS corporate leadership grew impatient, and in February 1961 Mickelson and his top executives were fired. Frank Stanton named Richard Salant president of the news division. In April 1962 Cronkite replaced Edwards as anchor of the CBS Evening News.", "In 1950, the name of the nightly newscast was changed to Douglas Edwards with the News, and the following year, it became the first news program to be broadcast on both coasts, thanks to a new coaxial cable connection, prompting Edwards to use the greeting \"Good evening everyone, coast to coast.\" The broadcast was renamed the CBS Evening News when Walter Cronkite replaced Edwards in 1962. Edwards remained with CBS News with various daytime television newscasts and radio news broadcasts until his retirement on April 1, 1988.", "If the Kennedy assassination was the birth of modern television news, then Cronkite was midwife at an event that drew an entire nation to the still-novel medium. It was Cronkite, removing his glasses to wipe a tear, who first reported the president’s death on television and the man the country watched for much of the four commercial-free days that CBS News remained on the air -- coverage some credit with helping to hold together an anxious nation in the midst of the Cold War.", "Which CBS News Anchorman broke the news of JFK's assassination to the US nation, was often cited as \"the most trusted man in America\" after being so named in an opinion poll?", "During World War II, Cronkite covered the European front for United Press and served as chief United Press correspondent at the Nuremberg trials. Joining CBS News in 1950, he worked on a variety of programs, and covered national political conventions and elections. He helped launch the CBS Evening News in 1962 and served as its news anchor until his retirement in 1981. The hallmarks of his style were honesty, impartiality and level-headedness, and ??And that's the way it is?? was his jaunty nightly sign-off. Identified in public opinion polls as the man Americans most trusted, he provided a voice of reason during the Vietnam and Watergate eras.", "Fishman was one of the last of a dying breed: an anchorman with editorial control over the news he covered. Fishman holds the distinction of being the last Los Angeles-based anchorman to have this privilege. He is also noteworthy for being the longest running news anchor in American television history. Fishman anchored the news in LA for an astonishing 47 years; only death could remove him from his desk. Fishman, who came to prominence with his reporting of the Watts Riot, was the first to air footage of the Rodney King beating. If being a bad ass anchorman wasn’t enough, Fishman was an accomplished pilot who set 13 records for speed and altitude. Pretty dang manly. He even found time to appear in movies like Forrest Gump and Spiderman 3.", "Plans for CNN were publicly announced in May 1979. With the bravado that was one of his trademarks, Turner predicted that CNN would represent \"the greatest achievement in the history of journalism.\" Schonfeld would serve as the network's first president and CEO. Veteran journalist Daniel Schorr, who had worked for CBS News during the \"golden age\" of Edward R. Murrow, lent his credibility to the venture when he agreed to become the new channel's most visible correspondent. Turner set an ambitious goal of beginning CNN's broadcast on June 1, 1980.", "One of Cronkite's trademarks was ending the CBS Evening News with the phrase \"...And that's the way it is,\" followed by the date. [9] Keeping to standards of objective journalism, he omitted this phrase on nights when he ended the newscast with opinion or commentary. [10] Beginning with January 16, 1980, Day 50 of the Iran hostage crisis , Cronkite added the length of the hostages' captivity to the show's closing to remind the audience of the unresolved situation, ending only on Day 444, January 20, 1981. [22] [23]", "“I was the first woman producer on the CBS EVENING NEWS, and Walter could not have been more welcoming and more professional. I remember his great enthusiasm for almost every story he touched—from politics to space and even the good fire. Everything was new. When I had the opportunity to executive-produce a two-hour special on Cronkite as his career was winding down, I was again struck by how much he retained the common touch and how he regarded his career with wonder.  I told him he was the Forrest Gump of the 20th century and he laughed.”", "George Christian, an adviser to President Lyndon Johnson, later claimed that following a viewing of the broadcast Johnson announced that if he \"lost Cronkite,\" he had \"lost middle America.\" The story, which appears in several histories, appears to be apocryphal. Nevertheless, the legend's existence attests to the enormous political, social, and cultural power accrued by the nation's most popular news broadcaster by 1968.", "Mike Wallace – Mike Wallace , who spent four decades as a hard-hitting, provocative news correspondent on CBS' \"60 Minutes,\" died at 93 on April 7.", "            Cronkite’s decision to cover the Watergate story also influenced the public and created a problem for a president.  Heeding the drumbeat of coverage in the New York Times, Washington Post and the Los Angeles Times, Cronkite told the whole story in a two-part investigation on THE CBS EVENING NEWS. Cronkite’s Emmy-winning report was the first to put all the facts in the story together in one place and elevated the controversy to a new level of awareness, drawing an angry call from the Nixon White House to CBS Chairman William Paley.", "In 1975, CBS debuted The NFL Today, a pre-game show originally hosted by journalist Brent Musburger and former NFL player Irv Cross, with former Miss America Phyllis George serving as one of the reporters. Jimmy Snyder, nicknamed \"The Greek\", joined the program in 1976. Snyder was dismissed by CBS Sports at the end of the 1987 season, one day after making comments about racial differences among NFL players on Martin Luther King, Jr. Day in January 1988. Phyllis George was replaced by Jayne Kennedy (who was crowned Miss Ohio USA in 1970) for the 1978 season, only for Kennedy to depart at the end of the following season. George would return in 1980 and stay on through the 1983 season; she was replaced by Charlsie Cantey. In 1979, the first year that the Sports Emmy Awards were awarded to sportscasts, The NFL Today was among the recipients.", "Died July 17, 2009. Born November 4, 1916. Longtime CBS evening newscaster, worked on reporting the Kennedy assassination and the first moon landing.   IMDb", "Died July 17, 2009. Born November 4, 1916. Longtime CBS evening newscaster, worked on reporting the Kennedy assassination and the first moon landing.   IMDb", "1938-Alive - Ted Turner - Media mogul & philanthropist. Founded Cable News Network. Gave $1 billion to UN causes. Chairs UN Foundation .", "Stuart Scott, a veteran anchor on ESPN, died January 4 after a seven-year battle with cancer. He was 49." ]

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[ "The Picture of Dorian Gray is a philosophical novel by Oscar Wilde , first published complete in the July 1890 issue of Lippincott's Monthly Magazine .", "The Picture of Dorian Gray is a philosophical novel by Oscar Wilde, first published complete in the July 1890 issue of Lippincott's Monthly Magazine. The magazine's editor feared the story was indecent, and without Wilde's knowledge, deleted roughly five hundred words before publication. Despite that censorship, The Picture of Dorian Gray offended the moral sensibilities of British book reviewers, some of whom said that Oscar Wilde merited prosecution for violating the laws guarding the public morality. In response, Wilde aggressively defended his novel and art in correspondence with the British press, although he personally made excisions of some of the most controversial material when revising and lengthening the story for book publication the following year.", "The Picture of Dorian Gray is the only published novel by Oscar Wilde , appearing as the lead story in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine on 20 June 1890, printed as the July 1890 issue of this magazine. [1] Wilde later revised this edition, making several alterations, and adding new chapters; the amended version was published by Ward, Lock, and Company in April 1891. [2] The story is often mistitled The Portrait of Dorian Gray.", "Oscar Wilde’s only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), is a superb example of late-Victorian Gothic fiction. It ranks alongside Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886) and Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897) as a representation of how fin-de-siècle literature explored the darkest recesses of Victorian society and the often disturbing private desires that lurked behind acceptable public faces. The novel also examined the relationship between art and reality, highlighting the uneasy interplay between ethics and aesthetics as well as the links between the artist, his or her subject and the resulting image on canvas.", "Since its first publication in 1890, Oscar Wilde's only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, has remained the subject of critical controversy. Acclaimed by some as an instructive moral tale, it has been denounced by others for its implicit immorality. After having his ... More »", "This is a beautiful leatherbound edition of Wilde's scandalous story of excess and corruption. It features a satin-ribbon bookmark, distinctive stained edging and decorative marbled endpapers. This edition of a novel now acknowledged a landmark of literature will be an artful addition to any home library. Horror hides behind an attractive face in \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\", Oscar Wilde's tale of a notorious Victorian libertine and his life of evil excesses. Though Dorian's hedonistic indulgences leave no blemish on his ageless features, the painted portrait imbued with his soul proves a living catalogue of corruption. Desperate to hide the physical evidence of his unregenerate spirit, Dorian will stop at nothing, not even murder, to keep his picture's existence a secret. A scandalous story when it was first published in 1890, Wilde's novel is acknowledged a landmark of literature today and a tale emblematic of its time. This exquisite collectible edition features an elegant bonded-leather binding, a satin-ribbon bookmark, distinctive stained edging, and decorative marbled endpapers. It's the perfect gift for book-lovers and an artful addition to any home library. show more", "The story inspired elements in the 1891 novel The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. Five years before the novel's publication, Wilde had praised Poe's rhythmical expression.Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York: Cooper Square Press, 2001: 178. ISBN 0-8160-4161-X In Wilde's novel, the portrait gradually reveals the evil of its subject rather than that of its artist.", "*Sibyl Vane, Ophelia's counterpart in Oscar Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, commits suicide after being rejected by her lover, Dorian. Earlier, when Dorian had told Lord Henry about his new love, Sibyl Vane, he mentioned the Shakespeare plays in which she had acted and referred to her by the name of each play's heroine. Later, Dorian speaks of his life by quoting Hamlet, a privileged character who impels his girlfriend (Ophelia) to suicide and prompts her brother (Laertes) to swear mortal revenge.", "The 100 best novels: No 27 – The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde (1891) | Books | The Guardian", "The Picture of Dorian Gray is a lush and vivid novel telling of a young man named Dorian Gray, the subject of a painting by artist Basil Hallward. Basil is impressed by Dorian's beauty and becomes infatuated with him, believing his beauty is responsible for a new mode in his art. Dorian meets Lord Henry Wotton, a friend of Basil's, and becomes enthralled by Lord Henry's world view. Espousing a new hedonism, Lord Henry suggests the only things worth pursuing in life are beauty and fulfillment of the senses. Realizing that one day his beauty will fade, Dorian (whimsically) expresses a desire to sell his soul to ensure the portrait Basil has painted would age rather than he. Dorian's wish is fulfilled, and when he subsequently pursues a life of debauchery, the portrait serves as a reminder of the effect each act has upon his soul, with each sin displayed as a disfigurement of his form, or through a sign of aging.", "After the initial publication of the magazine edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890), Wilde expanded the text from 13 to 20 chapters and obscured the homoerotic themes of the story. In the novel version of The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), chapters 3, 5, and 15 to 18, inclusive, are new; and chapter 13 of the magazine edition was divided, and became chapters 19 and 20 of the novel edition. In 1895, at his trials, Oscar Wilde said he revised the text of The Picture of Dorian Gray, because of letters sent to him, by the cultural critic Walter Pater. ", "His illustrations for Le Morte D'Arthur made Beardsley famous and led to his introduction to Oscar Wilde, a provocative author and important figure in the Decadent and Aesthetic movements in England. Deeply influenced by the French Decadent theory of art outlined by Theophile Gautier and exemplified in Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du Mal (1857), Wilde was an outspoken critic of repressive Victorian sensibilities and supported the Aesthetic notion of \"art for art's sake.\" His philosophical novel The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) plays on these ideas by telling a story about a man, Dorian, who sells his soul for eternal beauty and immortality, but falls into depravity. Wilde, who acknowledged the controversial novel had an autobiographical component, lived his art. His decadent lifestyle and homosexuality shocked prudish Victorian society.", "\"In spite of its many weaknesses,\" asserted Edouard Roditi in Oscar Wilde: A Critical Guidebook, \"The Picture of Dorian Gray yet remains, in many respects, a great novel. Though hastily written and clumsily constructed, it manages to haunt many readers with vivid memories of its visionary descriptions.\" Epifanio San Juan preferred to assess the book's importance in terms of its contribution to the development of the novel: \"In setting a portrait, a work of art, at the center of the action, Wilde effects the interplay of natural perception and moral judgment in the novel. From the reader's viewpoint, the picture suggests the treatment of angle and distance—the ways of telling and showing—which make up the perennial issues of the aesthetics and criticism of fiction.\"", "Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland, probably on October 16, 1854, although some sources say October 15 or 1856. He was a talented writer who achieved prominence—despite mixed literary criticism—with his first effort, Poems, in 1881. Many of his subsequent works are considered classics, including the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), and the plays Lady Windermere's Fan (first produced, 1892) and The Importance of Being Earnest (first produced, 1895).", "The Picture of Dorian Gray, Wilde's only novel, was published on 20 June 1890 in the July edition of Lippincott's, as a novella of 13 chapters, and was the leading contribution to the magazine. Several British reviewers condemned the book for immorality. The novel became so controversial that WH Smith withdrew that month's edition of Lippincott's from its railway station bookstalls.", "The novel tells of a young man named Dorian Gray, the subject of a painting by artist Basil Hallward. Basil is impressed by Dorian's beauty and becomes infatuated with him, believing his beauty is responsible for a new mode in his art. Talking in Basil's garden, Dorian meets Lord Henry Wotton, a friend of Basil's, and becomes enthralled by Lord Henry's world view. Espousing a new hedonism , Lord Henry suggests the only things worth pursuing in life are beauty and fulfilment of the senses. Realizing that one day his beauty will fade, Dorian cries out, expressing his desire to sell his soul to ensure the portrait Basil has painted would age rather than himself. Dorian's wish is fulfilled, plunging him into debauched acts. The portrait serves as a reminder of the effect each act has upon his soul , with each sin displayed as a disfigurement of his form, or through a sign of aging. [3]", "The Picture of Dorian Gray begins on a beautiful summer day in Victorian era England, where Lord Henry Wotton, an opinionated man, is observing the sensitive artist Basil Hallward painting the portrait of Dorian Gray, a handsome young man who is Basil's ultimate muse. While sitting for the painting, Dorian listens to Lord Henry espousing his hedonistic world view, and begins to think that beauty is the only aspect of life worth pursuing. This prompts Dorian to wish that the painted image of himself would age in his stead.", "In the final decade of his life, Wilde wrote and published nearly all of his major work. In his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (published in Lippincott’s Magazine, 1890, and in book form, revised and expanded by six chapters, 1891), Wilde combined the supernatural elements of the Gothic novel with the unspeakable sins of French decadent fiction . Critics charged immorality despite Dorian’s self-destruction; Wilde, however, insisted on the amoral nature of art regardless of an apparently moral ending. Intentions (1891), consisting of previously published essays, restated his aesthetic attitude toward art by borrowing ideas from the French poets Théophile Gautier and Charles Baudelaire and the American painter James McNeill Whistler . In the same year, two volumes of stories and fairy tales also appeared, testifying to his extraordinary creative inventiveness: Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime, and Other Stories and A House of Pomegranates.", "Wilde's only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, first appeared as a novella in the June 20, 1890, issue of Lippincott's Monthly Magazine. Dorian Gray caused quite a stir; critics and readers alike called it an immoral story. Wilde published an expanded and revised version of the story in book form the next year. He included a preface that contained, among other aphorisms (brief statements espousing truths or opinions), a biting response to his critics: There is no such thing as a moral or immoral book; a book is just written well or written poorly.", "Apr 04, 2011 – First published in 1890 in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine and the following year in novel form, The Picture of Dorian Gray categorically changed Victorian Britain and the landscape of literature. An ostentatious, self-confessed aesthete, known for his wit and intellect, Wilde not only had to endure his prose being labeled \"poisonous\" and \"vulgar,\" but also suffer its use as evidence in the ensuing trial, resulting in his eventual imprisonment for crimes of \"gross indecency.\" Frankel's introduction provides a deft preliminary analysis of the novel itself — exploring etymology and extensive editorial alterations (both accidental and deliberate) — and offers valuable insight into the socio-cultural juxtaposition of aristocratic Victorian society and the London underworld. The original typescript provides the unique opportunity to examine what was considered acceptable in both the US and UK at the time. Intriguing annotations allude to Wilde's influences and enterprising range of reference, incorporating art, poetry, literature, Greek mythology, philosophy, and fashion (certain to inspire further reading; an appendix is provided). Comparisons are drawn between Dorian Gray and Wilde's other literary output, as well as to the work of Walter Pater. Numerous illustrations subtly compliment Frankel's inferences. A fine contextualization of a major work of fiction profoundly interpreted, ultimately riveting.", "The Picture of Dorian Gray has been chosen as the book of 2010 for Dublin City's \"One City, One Book\" Festival in its fifth year. [22] Cultural events related to the book and Oscar Wilde will be hosted in Dublin during April 2010.", "History: Dorian Gray is an orphaned boy who is the heir to a great fortune. Basil Hallward paints his portrait, and Dorian declares that he would give his soul if he were always to be young and the painting instead would grow old. Dorian leaves his fiancée - the actress Sibyl Vane - because through a single bad performance he claims that she has killed his love. She kills herself with poison and Dorian is unaffected. So begins the tale of the boys descent into low society in London while still giving dinners and musicals for high society. He is inspired by two things: the book Lord Henry Wotton sends him that seems to predict his own life in dissecting every virtue and every sin from the past; and secondly the picture of himself which grows steadily older and more vicious looking compared to his own mirror image which remains young. Fanatical about the portrait, he is driven to murder and deception. As others are drawn into this web of evil Dorian himself longs to return to innocence but his method is horrific and tragic.", "The Picture of Dorian Gray is considered a work of classic gothic horror fiction with a strong Faustian theme . [4]", "Wilde published novels, plays and poetry. His work includes the novel \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\" (1890) and the plays \"Lady Windermere's Fan\" (1892), An Ideal Husband (1895) and \"The Importance of Being Earnest\" (1895).", "He had a few unsuccessful plays (which we'll get to in a moment), then he published his really famous novel. It's actually the only novel he ever published - The Picture of Dorian Gray in 1891.", "Wilde is immortalized through his works, and the stories he wrote for children, such as \"The Happy Prince\" and \"The Selfish Giant\", are still vibrant in the imagination of the public, especially \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\", the story of a young handsome man who sells his soul to a picture to have eternal youth and beauty, only to face the hideousness of his own portrait as it ages, which entails his evil nature and degradation. The book has been interpreted on stage, films and television. In 1997 Stephen Fry played the lead in Wilde (1997) and Jude Law as Lord Alfred Douglas.", "In 1886, in the Victorian London, the corrupt Lord Henry Wotton meets the pure Dorian Gray posing for talented painter Basil Hallward. Basil paints Dorian's portrait and gives the beautiful painting and an Egyptian sculpture of a cat to him while Henry corrupts his mind and soul telling that Dorian should seek pleasure in life. Dorian wishes that his portrait could age instead of him. Dorian goes to a side show in the Two Turtles in the poor neighborhood of London and he falls in love with the singer Sibyl Vane. Dorian decides to get married with her and tells to Lord Henry that convinces him to test the honor of Sibyl. Dorian Gray leaves Sibyl and travels abroad and when he returns to London, Lord Henry tells him that Sibyl committed suicide for love. Along the years, Dorian's friends age while he is still the same, but his picture discloses his evilness and corruptive life. Can he still have salvation or is his soul trapped in the doomed painting? Written by Claudio Carvalho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil", "Posted By Blue_sky at Wed 14 Oct 2009, 3:05 PM in The Picture of Dorian Gray || 3 Replies", "). Note: all page and citation info for the quotes below refers to the Penguin Classics edition of The Picture of Dorian Gray published in 2003.", "Poems in Prose and the Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray, Mason Hill Press (Pownal, VT), 1974.", "The character of Basil Hallward in The Picture of Dorian Gray from LitCharts | The creators of SparkNotes", "Extended commentary 2 Text 2 – Chapter 11: pp. 111–12 The Picture of Dorian Gray: Advanced" ]

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[ "\"You Only Live Twice\", performed by Nancy Sinatra, is the theme song to the 1967 James Bond film of the same name. Music was composed and produced by veteran James Bond composer John Barry, with lyrics by Leslie Bricusse. The song is widely recognized for its striking opening bars, featuring a simple 2-bar theme in the high octaves of the violins and lush harmonies from French horns. It is considered by some to be among the best James Bond theme songs, and has become one of Nancy Sinatra's best known hits. Shortly after Barry's production, Sinatra's producer Lee Hazlewood released a more guitar-based single version.", "The soundtrack was composed by Bond veteran, John Barry . At the time, this was his fourth credited Bond film. The theme song, You Only Live Twice , was sung by Nancy Sinatra . In 1998 , Robbie Williams sampled the title song \"You Only Live Twice\" for the chart-topper \" Millennium \". A rock version of You Only Live Twice was covered by Coldplay when they toured in 2001 , and was covered by Natacha Atlas for her 2005 compilation album The Best of Natacha Atlas .", "You Only Live Twice is the soundtrack for the fifth James Bond film of the same name. It was composed by Bond veteran John Barry. At the time, this was his fourth credited Bond film. The theme song, \"You Only Live Twice\", was sung by Nancy Sinatra, the first non-British vocalist of the series, with music by Barry and lyrics by Leslie Bricusse. The soundtrack has previously been available in two versions on CD – the first, a straight reissue of the LP soundtrack, and the second, an expanded reissue including several previously unreleased tracks. The film soundtrack was recorded at CTS Studios, London.", "You Only Live Twice became the quintessential example of the spy film particularly with the supervillain Ernst Stavro Blofeld and his aspirations of world domination and extravagant lair in a volcano . As a result the film has been parodied greatly perhaps most prominently by the Austin Powers series and the scar-faced Nehru suit wearing Dr. Evil but also in music. The backing soundtrack to the film was used by British singer Robbie Williams in his hit Millennium.", "Right away this song introduces an Asian undertone. This is appropriate considering Bond, here played by Sean Connery, went undercover as an Asian man using make-up and an accent (LOL). Except the title doesn’t make any sense, and frankly neither does the song. Lyrically, it's as if Nancy Sinatra is trying to make sense of the title though song: “You only live twice...Or so, it seems.” Not to mention that the lines “Love is a stranger who'll beckon you on/ Don't think of the danger or the stranger is gone” make the song even creepier.", "The James Bond series of films from EON Productions has had numerous signature tunes over the years, many of which are now considered classic pieces of cinematic music. The best known of these pieces of music is the ubiquitous \" James Bond Theme .\" Many other pieces of instrumental music have also become identified with the series, such as \"The 007 Theme\", \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\" theme, and various songs such as Shirley Bassey 's \" Goldfinger \", \" Diamonds Are Forever \", and \" Moonraker \", Duran Duran 's \" A View To A Kill \", Nancy Sinatra 's \" You Only Live Twice \", Paul McCartney 's \" Live and Let Die \", Tina Turner 's \" GoldenEye \", Carly Simon 's \" Nobody Does it Better \", Garbage 's \" The World Is Not Enough \", Sheena Easton 's \" For Your Eyes Only \" and Madonna 's \" Die Another Day \"\".", "Nancy Sinatra, 'You Only Live Twice' (1967) | The Top 10 James Bond Theme Songs | Rolling Stone", "This is the big smash hit sung by Carly Simon, composed by Marvin Hamlisch as the theme song for the 1977 James Bond film \"The Spy Who Loved Me\". It's one of my favourite theme songs, but... what is it that makes him so good, she's nagging about it, I've always wondered about that. Okey, as another Bond-movie says: \"You Only Live Twice\", and as I understand it, this is the first time I'm alive... can't remember a life before this, so... I guess I've got another go at this mystery.", "Roy Wood described Barry's string introduction to his song \"You Only Live Twice\" as \"absolute perfection\". Mark Monahan of The Daily Telegraph described the lyrics as \"mysterious, romantically carpe diem ... at once velvety, brittle and quite bewitching\". David Ehrlich of Rolling Stone ranked \"You Only Live Twice\" the third best James Bond theme song, calling it \"a classic.\" ", "Is the first American singer to perform the title song of a James Bond film ( You Only Live Twice (1967)).", "The title song, written by Conti and Michael Leeson, was sung by Sheena Easton, who holds the distinction of being the first title song artist to appear on screen in a Bond film, as designer Maurice Binder liked Easton's appearance and decided to add her to the opening credits. The producers of the film wanted Blondie to perform the title song: the band wrote a song titled \"For Your Eyes Only\", but decided to decline the offer when they discovered the producers wanted a recording of Conti's song instead. Blondie's song can be found on their 1982 album, The Hunter. ", "In 1998, Barry's music from You Only Live Twice was adapted into the hit song Millennium by producer and composer Guy Chambers for British recording artist Robbie Williams. The music video features Williams parodying James Bond, and references other Bond films such as Thunderball and From Russia with Love. It should also be noted that the video was filmed at Pinewood Studios, where most of the Bond films have been made.", "The lyrics are better than many of the Bond themes, and Sinatra's voice beautifully blends in with the melody. You Only Live Twice is one of the most critically acclaimed Bond themes, and has been covered by many artists, including Shirley Bassey.", "Nancy Sinatra was the first non-Brit to tackle a Bond theme, and they couldn't have chosen better. The sultry 'You Only Live Twice' captures all the sex and exoticism of the films, with a (much sampled) opening that is only slightly less iconic than the Bond theme itself.", "After the financial and critical reception of Tina Turner's \"GoldenEye\" which bolstered and revamped her career, the theme to its sequel was an unusual hot commodity. Producers took the opportunity to offer the job to several different artists, allowing them to submit their best effort. Sheryl Crow's was ultimately chosen, but just as other Bond themes before it, it was not the only song recorded for the film. Top contender, alternative rock band Pulp wrote a song for the film, which was later retitled \"Tomorrow Never Lies\" and released as a B-side to their This Is Hardcore album in 1998. Britpop band Saint Etienne recorded their own version of a song titled \"Tomorrow Never Dies\", which was later released as an exclusive to their fanclub on their Built On Sand album in 1999. Canadian country and pop singer, k.d. lang's optioned theme, \"Surrender\" which was co-written by the film's composer David Arnold, ended up being used as an end-title song.", "Paul McCartney's performance of \"Live and Let Die\" was the first Bond theme song to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song; it reached 2 as a U.S. single, and 9 on the U.K. charts. George Martin's work in the song won the Grammy for Best Arrangement Accompanying Vocalists. ", "The James Bond film series from Eon Productions has had numerous signature tracks over the years, many of which are now considered classic pieces of film music. The best known of these pieces of music is the ubiquitous \" James Bond Theme .\" Other instrumental pieces, such as the \"007 Theme\" or \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\", and various songs, such as Shirley Bassey 's \" Goldfinger \", Paul McCartney 's \" Live and Let Die \" or Carly Simon 's \" Nobody Does It Better \", Sheena Easton 's \" For Your Eyes Only \" and Duran Duran 's \" A View to a Kill \" have also become identified with the series. \" Skyfall \" from Skyfall won the Academy Award for Best Song making it the first Bond song to do so.", "All the instrumental tracks are amalgams of various sequences and musical cues from the film rather than straight score excerpts. The end credits of the film feature the song \"If You Asked Me To\" sung by Patti LaBelle . Though the song was a top ten R&B charter and a minor pop hit for LaBelle, in 1992 , the song was covered by and became a much bigger hit for singer Céline Dion . The track \"Wedding Party\", used during the wedding of Felix Leiter to Della Churchill, makes reference to the track \"Jump Up\" from the first Bond film, Dr. No .", "All the instrumental tracks are amalgams of various sequences and musical cues from the film rather than straight score excerpts. The end credits of the film feature the song \"If You Asked Me To\" sung by Patti LaBelle. Though the song was a top ten R&B charter and a minor pop hit for LaBelle, in 1992, the song was covered by and became a much bigger hit for singer Céline Dion. The track \"Wedding Party\", used during the wedding of Felix Leiter to Della Churchill, makes reference to the track \"Jump Up\" from the first Bond film, Dr. No.", "After months of speculation, Bond producers Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli, along with Billboard.com , reported on June 29, 2008, that Alicia Keys would be teaming up with Jack White (founder and lead guitarist of The White Stripes) to sing \"Another Way to Die:\" the Quantum of Solace theme song. The song is especially significant, as it is the first duet James Bond song to be a duet. In addition to lending his vocals to the theme song, Jack White also plays the drums on the track.", "Title Song: \"All Time High\" (sung by Rita Coolidge). This was the first Bond theme song that didn't include the movie's title in the lyrics.", "American singer Lani Hall, wife of bandleader Herb Alpert, sang the title song to 1983's \"Never Say Never Again,\" which brought Sean Connery back for his final Bond role. The film was made by a different production company from the other James Bond movies, so some fans don't consider it part of the official series.", "The title song of the film, \"The Living Daylights\", was recorded by pop group A-ha. A-ha and Barry did not collaborate well, resulting in two versions of the theme song. Barry's film mix is heard on the soundtrack and all three of a-ha's best-of compilations. The a-ha preferred mix can be heard on their 1988 album Stay on These Roads. However, in 2006 a-ha's Paul Waaktaar-Savoy complimented Barry's contributions \"I loved the stuff he added to the track, I mean it gave it this really cool string arrangement. That's when, for me, it started to sound like a Bond thing\". The title song is one of very few 007 title songs that is not performed or written by a British or American performer in the history of the series.", "Opening title sequence of the James Bond movie You Only Live Twice. Remastered and with enhanced colours. James Bond in Japan.", "Twice is the Only Way to Live was the final track on the original UK version of the soundtrack. It was also included on the United Artists' soundtrack compilation \"Ten Golden Years\" ( 1968 ). On certain albums of YOLT's soundtrack, the alternate 007 theme is included. It's the score played when Little Nellie is being constructed and continues to play until 3 - 4 SPECTRE helicopters encounter Bond at which point the song becomes the main 007 theme. It's also heard in the parade chase scene in Thunderball and the Amazon River chase in Moonraker.", "The title song of the film, \"The Living Daylights\", was co-written with Paul Waaktaar-Savoy of the Norwegian pop-music group A-ha and recorded by the band. The group and Barry did not collaborate well, resulting in two versions of the theme song. Barry's film mix is heard on the soundtrack (and on A-ha's later greatest hits album Headlines and Deadlines). The version preferred by the band can be heard on the 1988 A-ha album Stay on These Roads. However, in 2006 Paul Waaktaar-Savoy complimented Barry's contributions: \"I loved the stuff he added to the track, I mean it gave it this really cool string arrangement. That's when for me it started to sound like a Bond thing\". The title song is one of the few 007 title songs that is not performed or written by a British or American performer.", "The notion of the James Bond title song didn’t begin until the second James Bond feature (From Russia with Love in 1963), but it has been a stable staple of the series ever since, and sometime along the way, audiences began anticipating the title tune almost as much as seeing the movie itself. Which hot new pop star would be active and classy enough to tackle Bond? ", "The title song for the James Bond 007 film, Goldfinger, was a Top 10 hit in the U.S. Who performed it?", "Diamonds Are Forever is the theme song of the 1971 James Bond film Diamonds Are Forever . It was composed by John Barry and Don Black and performed by Shirley Bassey , who has performed more James Bond themes songs than any other artist.", "The Spy Who Loved Me - the theme song of the James Bond film of the same name - was sung by. Who sang i love how you love me when ever you hold me?", "In 1974 she performed the title song in the James Bond movie The Man with the Golden Gun. Two slightly different versions of the song were used, at the start and end respectively – the end song actually name-checking James Bond.", "40. Who is the only artist to record a James Bond theme tune and also make a cameo appearance in a James Bond film?" ]

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[ "\"This Is How We Do It\" is the debut single by American singer Montell Jordan. It was released by Def Jam Recordings on February 6, 1995 as the lead single from his debut album of the same name. The single was Def Jam's first R&B release.", "1995: Montell Jordan earns a number-one hit in the U.S. with his song \"This Is How We Do It.\"", "Montell Jordan is an American singer, songwriter and record producer, best known for his 1995 single \"This Is How We Do It\". Jordan was the primary male solo artist on Def Jam's Def Soul imprint un...", "Beyoncé Giselle Knowles (born September 4, 1981), commonly known as Beyoncé, is an American R&B singer-songwriter, record producer, and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she enrolled in various performing arts schools, and was first exposed to singing and dancing competitions as a child. Knowles rose to fame in the late 1990s as the lead singer of girl group Destiny's Child, the best-selling girl group of all time.", "Paula Julie Abdul (; born June 19, 1962) is an American singer-songwriter, dancer, choreographer, actress and television personality. She began her career as a cheerleader for the Los Angeles Lakers at the age of 18 before rising to prominence in the 1980s as a highly sought-after choreographer at the height of the music video era. Abdul later scored a string of pop music hits in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Her six number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 tie her with Diana Ross for seventh among the female solo performers who have topped the chart. She won a Grammy for \"Best Music Video – Short Form\" for \"Opposites Attract\" and twice won the \"Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography\".", "Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1970) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. She made her recording debut in 1990 under the guidance of Columbia Records executive Tommy Mottola , and became the first recording artist to have her first five singles top the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Following her marriage to Mottola in 1993, a series of hit records established her position as Columbia's highest-selling act. According to Billboard magazine, she was the most successful artist of the 1990s in the United States.", "Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1970) is an American R&B singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. She made her recording debut in 1990 under the guidance of Columbia Records executive Tommy Mottola, and became the first recording artist to have her first five singles top the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Following her marriage to Mottola in 1993, a series of hit records established her position as Columbia’s highest-selling act. According to Billboard magazine, she was the most successful artist of the 1990s in the United States.", "Billy Joel (born William Martin Joel; May 9, 1949) is an American rock musician, singersongwriter, and classical composer. Since releasing his first hit song, \"Piano Man\", in 1973, Joel has become the sixth best-selling recording artist and the third best-selling solo artist in the United States, according to the RIAA. Joel had Top 10 hits in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s and has 33 Top 40 hits in the United States, all of which he wrote singlehandedly. He is also a six-time Grammy Award winner, a 23-time Grammy nominee and has sold over 100 million records worldwide. He was inducted into the Songwriter's Hall of Fame (1992), the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1999), and the Long Island Music Hall of Fame (2006). Joel \"retired\" from recording pop music in 1993 but continues to tour. Upon seeing The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1964 as a teen, Joel decided to", "Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1969 or 1970) is an American singer, record producer, and actress. In 1990, she rose to fame with the release of \"Vision of Love\" from her eponymous debut album. The album produced four chart-topping singles in the US and began what would become a string of commercially successful albums which solidified the singer as Columbias highest selling act. Carey and Boyz II Men spent a record sixteen weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100 in 1995-96 with \"One Sweet Day,\" which remains the longest-running number-one song in US chart history. Following a contentious divorce from Sony Music head Tommy Mottola, Carey adopted a new image and traversed towards hip hop with the release of Butterfly (1997). In 1998, she was honored as the world's best-selling recording artist of the 1990s at the World Music Awards and subsequently named the best-selling female artist of the millennium in 2000.", "Neil Leslie Diamond (born January 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and musician with a career that began in the 1960s. Diamond has sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. He is the second most successful adult contemporary artist ever on the Billboard charts. His songs have been covered internationally by many performers from various musical genres.", "Toni Michelle Braxton (born October 7, 1967) is an American singer–songwriter, pianist, record producer, actress, television personality, and philanthropist. Rising to fame in the early 1990s, Braxton quickly established herself as an R&B icon and became one of the best-selling female artists of the 1990s decade, garnering her honorific titles such as the \"Queen of R&B\" and being recognized as one of the most outstanding voices of this generation.", "In the 1990s, country music became a worldwide phenomenon thanks to Billy Ray Cyrus, Shania Twain, and Garth Brooks. The latter enjoyed one of the most successful careers in popular music history, breaking records for both sales and concert attendance throughout the decade. The RIAA has certified his recordings at a combined (128× platinum), denoting roughly 113 million U.S. shipments. Other artists that experienced success during this time included Clint Black, Sammy Kershaw, Aaron Tippin, Travis Tritt, Suzy Bogguss, Alan Jackson, Lorrie Morgan and the newly formed duo of Brooks & Dunn; George Strait, whose career began in the 1980s, also continued to have widespread success in this decade and beyond. Female artists such as Reba McEntire, Faith Hill, Martina McBride, Deana Carter, LeAnn Rimes, and Mary Chapin Carpenter all released platinum selling albums in the 1990s. The Dixie Chicks became one of the most popular country bands in the 1990s and early 2000s. Their 1998 debut album Wide Open Spaces went on to become certified 12x platinum while their 1999 album Fly went on to become 10x platinum.", "CHARTBUSTERS UK / US HITS OF '87 DISC 10: Housemartins - Me & The Farmer; Eric Clapton - Behind The Mask; Housemartins - Build; Erik B & Rakim - Paid In Full; Bruce Springsteen - Born To Run; Nick Kamen - Loving You Is Sweeter Than Ever; Depeche Mode - Strangelove; Squeeze - Hourglass; Bangles - Walking Down Your Street; Five Star - Strong As Steel; Run DMC - It's Tricky; Whitesnake - Still Of The Night; David Bowie - Day-In Day-Out; Tom Jones - It's Not Unusual (re-issue); Billy Idol - Sweet Sixteen; Broken English - Comin' On Strong; Genesis - Tonight Tonight Tonight; Los Lobos - Come On Let's Go; Alarm - Rain In The Summertime; Jonathan Butler - Lies; Cult - Love Removal Machine; Def Leppard - Pour Some Sugar On Me.", "Lead single \"Got 'til It's Gone\" was released in August 1997, featuring guest vocals from folk singer Joni Mitchell and rapper Q-Tip. The song's music video, depicting a pre-Apartheid celebration, won the Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video. \"Together Again\" became Jackson's eighth number-one hit on the Billboard Hot 100, placing her on par with Elton John, Diana Ross, and The Rolling Stones. It spent a record forty-six weeks on the Hot 100 and nineteen weeks on the United Kingdom's singles chart. It sold six million copies worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time. \"I Get Lonely\" peaked at number three on the Hot 100, and received a Grammy nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. As Jackson's eighteenth consecutive top ten hit, it made her the only female artist to garner that achievement, surpassed only by Elvis Presley and The Beatles. Several other singles were released, including \"Go Deep\" and ballad \"Every Time\", which was controversial for the nudity displayed in its music video. ", "Reba McEntire is the only artist to amass No. 1 singles in the past four decades.", "The all-time record for most consecutive weeks at Number One is held by Bryan Adams, who had 16 weeks on top in 1991 with ‘(Everything I Do) I Do It For You’.", "1987: Singers Aretha Franklin and George Michael hit number-one on the U.S. singles chart with their song \"I Knew You Were Waiting.\"", "1964, Born on this day, Lenny Kravitz, US singer, guitarist, songwriter, (1990 UK No.39 single 'Let Love Rule', 1999 UK No.1 single 'Fly Away', 1993 UK No.1 album 'Are You Gonna Go My Way'). Worked with Mick Jagger,[more]", "As a solo artist, Michael earned his first Grammy Award for a duet with soul icon Aretha Franklin . Their single, \"I Knew You Were Waiting,\" won Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1987. That same year, he made an impressive debut with Faith (1987). Trying to shed his teen heartthrob image, he went for an edgier look, often sporting a leather jacket and a few days' worth of stubble. Musically, he took a funkier direction as well with the album. Driven in part by the number one title track, the recording reached the top of the album charts. Other hits included \"Father Figure,\" \"Monkey,\" and \"One More Try.\"", "1991 – The Garth Brooks album “ Ropin’ the Wind ” became the first country album to debut at No. 1 on the Billboard pop chart.", "On the 24 September 1991, Adams released the album Waking Up the Neighbours. Co-produced by Adams and Mutt Lange, it topped the charts around the world including number 1 in both the UK and Germany and number 6 on the Billboard 200. The album featured four singles including \"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You\", that also featured in the motion picture Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves and spent 16 consecutive weeks at number 1 on the UK Singles Chart. That was followed by \"Can't Stop This Thing We Started\" which peaked at number 2 in the USA, \"Do I Have to Say the Words?\" reached number 11, and in the UK, \"Thought I'd Died and Gone to Heaven\" was the second most successful single reaching the Top 10. The album won many awards including a Grammy Award in 1991 for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television.", "In 1986, Flack sang the theme song entitled \"Together Through the Years\" for the NBC television series, Valerie later known as The Hogan Family. The song was used throughout the show's six seasons. Oasis was released in 1988 and failed to make an impact with pop audiences, though the title track reached #1 on the R&B chart and a remix of \"Uh-Uh Ooh-Ooh Look Out (Here It Comes)\" topped the dance chart in 1989. Flack found herself again in the US Top 10 with the hit song \"Set the Night to Music\", a 1991 duet with Jamaican vocalist Maxi Priest that peaked at #6 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts and #2 AC. Flack's smooth R&B sound lent itself easily to Easy Listening airplay during the 1970s, and she has had four #1 AC hits.", "In 1990 Pop recorded Brick by Brick , produced by Don Was , with members of Guns N' Roses and The B-52s as guests, as well as backup vocals by many local Hollywood groups, some of whom would be recruited for his band to tour and perform on his \"Kiss My Blood\" video (1991), directed by world-famous director Tim Pope and filmed at the Olympia in Paris. The album was his first Gold-certified album in the U.S. (denoting sales of over 500,000 copies) and featured his first Top 40 U.S. hit, \"Candy\", a duet with B-52s singer Kate Pierson . Note that the year of release is also contained in lyrics of this song (\"It's rainy afternoon in 1990\").", "Her second album The Comfort Zone became the biggest success in her music career. The lead single \"Running Back to You\" reached top twenty on the Hot 100, and the top position of Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart on October 5, 1991. Other singles included \"The Comfort Zone\" (#2 R&B), \"Just for Tonight\" (#26 Pop), a cover of The Isley Brothers' \"Work to Do\" (#3 R&B), and the club-only hit \"Freedom Dance (Get Free!).\" The most successful single from the album, as well as her biggest hit to date, is \"Save the Best for Last\". It reached No. 1 in the United States, where it remained for five weeks, as well as No. 1 in Australia, the Netherlands, and Canada, and was in the top 5 in Japan, Ireland and the United Kingdom. The album sold 2.2 million copies in the U.S. at its time of release and has since been certified triple platinum in the United States by the RIAA, gold in Canada by the CRIA, and platinum in the United Kingdom by the BPI. The Comfort Zone earned Williams five Grammy Award nominations.", "Believe it or not, \"50 Ways to Leave Your Lover\" is the only #1 solo hit Paul Simon had. With a string of successful hits like \"Kodachrome,\" \"Loves Me Like a Rock,\" \"Slip Slidin' Away\" and \"Still Crazy After All These Years\" he didn't manage to get any of them to #1 (though he's one of many who lent their voices to the #1 hit \"We Are the World\" in 1985).", "With a career spanning more than three decades, Joel has proven his musical range to his loyal audience with a diverse collection of pop and rock hits that have become American standards. Perhaps best known for his soulful ballads, the multi-platinum-selling, Grammy-winning singer/songwriter rose to mega-stardom during the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and continued his successes well into the next millennium. His albums have been among those decade's biggest sellers: singles like \"Piano Man,\" \"Just the Way You Are,\" \"It's Still Rock and Roll to Me,\" \"An Innocent Man,\" and \"We Didn't Start the Fire\" have garnered much commercial and critical acclaim.", "March 19th 1959, Born on this day, Terry Hall, vocals, Specials, (1981 UK No.1 single 'Ghost Town'). Then formed Fun Boy Three, (1982 UK No.4 single 'It Ain't What You Do It's The Way That You Do It' with Bananarama). And Colour Field, (1985 UK No.12 single 'Thinking Of You') Hall was also a member of Vegas.", "Osmond took a break from music during the 1990s. She released only one song that charted in 1995 titled \"What Kind of Man (Walks On a Woman)\".", "The singer and songwriter rose to musical success in the mid-Seventies with the hits This Will Be, Inseparable and Our Love.", "Who had a 1994 hit with the song \"As If We Never Said Goodbye\" from Sunset Boulevard?", "Hit songs since 1990: \"Can't Help Falling in Love (with You),\" \"Here I Am (Come and Take Me),\" \"The Way You Do the Things You Do\"", "Influential in the indie/dance crossover of late 80s and early 90s which still resonates today. Best known for hits 'Right here, Right Now' and 'International Bright Young Thing'." ]

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[ "Named after evolutionist Charles Darwin, this tropical city on the top end of Australia is a former frontier town with a rough-and-tumble past. Darwin's growth was achieved back in 1871 with the discovery of gold at Pine Creek, and today a number of historic buildings from that era remain. Darwin is also the center of the aboriginal community, the world's oldest culture. From here, you can visit Kakadu National Park, a World Heritage Site renowned not only for its Australian wildlife but Aboriginal rock art.", "Located in Australia’s Northern Territory, about three hours north of Darwin, Kakadu is the country’s largest national park. There is a lot to see in Kakadu National Park, including a large concentration of Aboriginal rock art; some of which are estimated to be up to 20,000 years old. This park is also home to many different species of wildlife, including wallabies, dingoes and crocodiles. In addition, Kakadu National Park, which is home to one-third of Australia’s bird species, is a birdwatcher’s dream.", "Kakadu is one of the world's special places. From the 'stone country' of the spectacular Arnhem plateau and escarpment to the verdant monsoon forests and wetlands, this place has a history and presence like nowhere else on earth. Kakadu National Park is one of the natural marvels of Australia. It encompasses a variety of superb landscapes, swarms with wildlife and has some of Australia's best Aboriginal rock art. The vast park is 153km (95mi) by road from Darwin, in the Northern Territory, and stretches more than 200km (125mi) north to south and 100km (60mi) east to west. It is on the World Heritage list both for its natural and cultural importance. Part of the park is Aboriginal land and there are three contentious uranium mining leases operating in the east.", "Australia has a tradition of Aboriginal art which is thousands of years old, the best known forms being rock art and bark painting. Evidence of Aboriginal art in Australia can be traced back at least 30,000 years. Examples of ancient Aboriginal rock artworks can be found throughout the continent – notably in national parks such as those of the UNESCO listed sites at Uluru and Kakadu National Park in the Northern Territory, but also within protected parks in urban areas such as at Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park in Sydney. The Sydney rock engravings are approximately 5000 to 200 years old. Murujuga in Western Australia has the Friends of Australian Rock Art have advocated its preservation, and the numerous engravings there were heritage listed in 2007. ", "Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock and officially gazetted as Uluru / Ayers Rock, is a large sandstone rock formation in the southern part of the Northern Territory in central Australia. It lies 335 km south west of the nearest large town, Alice Springs, 450 km by road. Kata Tjuta and Uluru are the two major features of the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. Uluru is sacred to the Anangu, the Aboriginal people of the area. The area around the formation is home to a plethora of springs, waterholes, rock caves, and ancient paintings. Uluru is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "Aboriginal rock art is the oldest continuous art tradition in the world, dating as far back as 60,000 years. From the Bradshaw and Wondjina imagery in the Kimberley to the Sydney rock engravings, it is spread across hundreds of thousands of sites, making Australia the richest continent in terms of prehistoric art. 19th century Indigenous activist William Barak painted ceremonial scenes, such as corroborees. The Hermannsburg School, led by Albert Namatjira, received national fame in the 1950s for their desert watercolours. Leading critic Robert Hughes saw contemporary Indigenous art as \"the last great art movement of the 20th century\". Key exponents such as Emily Kame Kngwarreye, Rover Thomas and the Papunya Tula group use acrylic paints on canvas to depict dreamings set in a symbolic topography. Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri's Warlugulong (1977) typifies this style, popularly known as \"dot painting\". Art is important both culturally and economically to Indigenous society; central Australian Indigenous communities have \"the highest per capita concentrations of artists anywhere in the world\". Issues of race and identity are raised in the works of many 'urban' Indigenous artists, including Gordon Bennett and Tracey Moffatt.", "But it was in northern Australia that Aboriginal art really flourished. In the Kimberleys were the great rock paintings of the ancestral Wandjina figures, the spirit-ancestors responsible for rain-making. An Arnhem Land visual art, with much use of ochre, was especially fine. Here Aborigines decorated ceremonial objects, and painted and engraved on rock and bark surfaces. They left magnificent examples of their work. Notable are the ancient figure paintings of the Mimis - small spirit people painted on rock-faces in active scenes with figures from the natural environment. Examples of 'X-ray art' survive, in which animals were painted showing internal organs as well as their external outline. In Arnhem Land, too, there have been decorative bark paintings, frequently painted on the inside of bark shelters and inspired by the numerous religious cults of the area.", "Kakadu is also a wonderful place to discover Aboriginal culture, from rock art painting at Ubirr and Nourlangie to the very interesting Warradjan Aboriginal Cultural Center at Cooinda. Ubirr is also just uniquely beautiful, located at the feet of a food plain, with rocks proudly standing as guardians of the Arnhem Land!", "One of the world’s largest monoliths, Ayers Rock is also one of the top tourist attractions in Australia. Located within the Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park of the Northern Territory, this large sandstone formation stands more than 340 meters (1,100 feet) high. One of the rock’s peculiarities is that it changes colors dramatically at sunset from terra cotta to blue, violet and red. The local Aboriginal tribe, known as Anangu, call the rock Uluru and regard it as a sacred site.", "The Grampians National Park is a national park in Victoria, Australia, 235 kilometres west of Melbourne. The Park was listed on the Australian National Heritage List on 15 December 2006 for its outstanding natural beauty and being one of the richest indigenous rock art sites in south-eastern Australia. The Grampians feature a striking series of sandstone mountain ranges. The ranges were named in 1836 by Surveyor General of New South Wales Sir Thomas Mitchell after the Grampian Mountains in his native Scotland, but are also known by the name Gariwerd, from one of the local Australian Aboriginal languages, either the Jardwadjali or Djab Wurrung language. After a two-year consultation process, the park was renamed Grampians National Park in 1991, however this controversial formality was reversed after a change of state government in 1992. The Geographic Place Names Act 1998 reinstated dual naming for geographical features, and this has been subsequently adopted in the Park based on Jardwadjali and Djab Wurrung names for rock art sites and landscape features with the National Heritage List referring to Grampians National Park.", "Modern Darwin is one of Australia's most cosmopolitan cities, more open to Asia than perhaps any other Australian city. It plays an important role as the door to Australia's northern region. Natural wonders such as Kakadu, Katherine Gorge, and Litchfield are all within driving distance from the city and still contain near pre-colonial populations of crocodiles, goannas, snakes and wallabies. Today Darwin is a fast growing regional centre that has unique history, culture and adventure.", "The Great Sandy Desert is located across northwest and central Australia. It contains two of the country's most famous parks, the Rudall River National Park and Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park where the famous Ayers Rock is located.", "Divided roughly into two areas: the north, which is relatively highly populated and includes the capital Darwin, and the rest of the territory, which is sparsely populated except for Yulara, the town closest to Uluru; Alice Springs, the city in the dead centre (literally!) of Australia; Katherine; and Tennant Creek (the other major cities). Contains much of Australia's Indigenous Australian population, especially in Arnhem Land in the Top End. Contains Uluru, the world's largest monolith and sacred site of the Pitjantjatjara and Yankuntjatjara peoples, and the tropical rainforests in Arnhem Land, somewhat under threat due to uranium mining. Northern Territorians are nicknamed \"Topenders\" or \"Croc-bait\".", "'An archaeologist says he has found the oldest piece of rock art in Australia and one of the oldest in the world: an Aboriginal work created 28,000 years ago in an outback cave. The dating of one of the thousands of images in the Northern Territory rock shelter, known as Nawarla Gabarnmang, will be published in the next edition of the Journal of Archaeological Science.", "Australian Aboriginal art is the oldest ongoing art tradition in the world. Early Aboriginal stories and culture were expressed in rock carvings, body painting and ground designs, some dating back more than 30,000 years. In 1971 a schoolteacher, Geoffrey Bardon, saw the impermanent art being creating just north-west of Alice Spring at Papunya. He introduced paints and canvas to the community and many locals began adapting their styles to take advantage of these new, Western mediums. The Western Desert art movement was born. Artworks are displayed in galleries across Alice Springs, such as the  Papunya Tula  gallery, owned and directed by traditional Aboriginal people from the Western Desert. Lose yourself exploring the range of private and collectively owned galleries lining Todd Mall, a pedestrian-only shopping strip in the centre of town, or visit the collection at the  Araluen Arts Centre . The  Tjanpi Desert Weavers  is a social enterprise that takes basket weaving to the next level.", "The southern portion of the Northern Territory is home to UNESCO World Heritage area Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park . It is best known for iconic Uluru (formerly known as \"Ayers Rock\"), a single massive rock formation, and also for Kata Tjuta (formerly known as \"The Olgas\"), a range of rock domes. Both Uluru and Kata Tjuta are considered sacred places by the Anangu people, the Aboriginal tribes that have lived there for thousands of years, much of Kata Tjuta is off-limits and climbing Uluru is strongly discouraged.", "Dated up to 20 000 years old, Aboriginal rock art is said to be the oldest in the world. In recent years, international interest in traditional Aboriginal art has boomed, particularly in the highly symbolic Dreaming stories of landscapes.", "While the deserts of Central Australia may at first seem stark, closer inspection reveals a complex ecosystem, supporting some of the most unique flora and fauna on the planet. The Northern Territory has some world-famous natural and cultural attractions that can’t be missed, including [Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park|Ulura/Ayers Rock]], Australia's most recognisable natural icon. Premium four-wheel drive eco-certified touring programs offer a range of intimate travel experiences to locations like World Heritage–listed Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Kings Canyon in Watarrka National Park, and Alice Springs and its surrounds. Located in the middle of the largest land area without lights on earth, Alice Springs is has an unmatched view of the Milky Way unless you're on a dark boat in the middle of the ocean. Perfect stargazing! Just outside of Alice Springs is the Desert Wildlife Park, truly memorable in its examples of local flora and fauna.", "The artists from Injalak Arts and Crafts Centre, Gunbalanya, worked closely with the British Museum on the BP exhibition Indigenous Australia: enduring civilisation . Here they write on the importance of rock art and its relevance to today’s visitors of West Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia.", "The Blue Mountains National Park is located in New South Wales, approximately 80 km (50 miles) west of Sydney. Its proximity to the biggest city in Australia has made this scenic park a popular day trip for both tourists and locals alike. The park is probably best known for the Three Sisters, a rock formation that towers 900 meter (3000 foot) above the Jamison Valley. The Blue Mountains National Park features miles of trails for hikers and mountain bikers, and it is also a popular natural playground for adventurers who enjoy adrenaline sports such as rock climbing and abseiling. Visitors who prefer a more tame way to enjoy the Blue Mountains National Park can climb aboard the glass-roofed carriages of the Katoomba Scenic Railway, which is the steepest passenger railway in the world.", "Located in the Northern Territory, the MacDonnell Ranges are an important part of Australia's Aboriginal history, and boast some of the most incredible views in the country. There are also several great swimming holes to check out while in both the West and East MacDonnell Ranges National Parks.", "In 1891, Bradshaw, lost on an expedition in the North-West, came upon the world’s oldest rock art paintings on the Kimberley coast. They go back 60,000 years, five times older than the Egyptian pyramids.", "The Kimberley region is one of the greatest galleries of ancient rock art in the Top End, and also one of the oldest. Two of the better known styles of art in this area include the Wandjina and the Bradshaw. The Wandjina are the shadows of ancestors – large mouthless figures in headdress. The Bradshaw are much older (10,000 to 30,000 years), their significance and creators lost in the mists of time.", "Bradshaw rock art in the Kimberley region. Image by Kerry Lorimer / Lonely Planet Images / Getty Images", "Alice Springs is renowned as the Aboriginal Art capital of Central Australia, home to many local and Aboriginal art galleries. Indigenous Australian art is the more dominant, and galleries showcase the rich culture and native traditions that abound in Central Australia. Trade in Aboriginal art soared after the painting movement began at Papunya, a Central Australian Aboriginal settlement, and swept other indigenous communities. Central Australia is the home of some of the most prominent names in Aboriginal art, including Emily Kngwarreye, Minnie Pwerle, Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri, Albert Namatjira and Wenten Rubuntja. The [http://www.nretas.nt.gov.au/arts-and-museums/ascp/mca Museum of Central Australia / Stehlow Research Centre] feature some of the most important natural history and archival materials tied to the history and culture of the region. The Strehlow Archives also contain materials linked to the Arrernte people of Central Australia. The Araluen Centre for Arts and Entertainment presents world-class ballets and orchestras, as well as local performances. The National Pioneer Women's Hall of Fame is also located in the town.", "The National Gallery of Australia exhibits a great many indigenous art works, including those of the Torres Strait Islands who are known for their traditional sculpture and headgear. ", "In Australia, cave paintings have been found on the Arnhem Land plateau showing megafauna which are thought to have been extinct for over 40,000 years, making this site another candidate for oldest known painting; however, the proposed age is dependent on the estimate of the extinction of the species seemingly depicted. Another Australian site, Nawarla Gabarnmang, has charcoal drawings that have been radiocarbon-dated to 28,000 years, making it the oldest site in Australia and among the oldest in the world for which reliable date evidence has been obtained.", "The coastline is flat with low headlands and is mostly fringed with mangrove swamps. There are many offshore islands, of which Melville and Bathurst islands and Groote Eylandt (“Big Island”) are the largest. Inland from the coastal belt and the Arnhem Land plateau there is a gradual rise southward to the town of Tennant Creek on the vast plateau (1,000–2,000 feet [300–600 metres]) of ancient Precambrian rock that extends south and west into the neighbouring states. Farther south, Alice Springs is situated on an alluvial plain in the MacDonnell Ranges , where Mount Zeil reaches 4,957 feet (1,511 metres) above sea level, the highest point in the territory. There are remarkable tors (prominent rocky hills) 200 miles (320 km) southwest of Alice Springs, including Mount Olga (3,507 feet [1,069 metres]), which is the peak of Kata Tjuta (the Olgas ), a group of some 30 monoliths and domes, and Uluru/Ayers Rock , a red, ovoid monolith rising to an elevation of 2,844 feet (867 metres). In the territory’s southeastern corner is the largely uninhabited Simpson Desert , which extends into the neighbouring states of Queensland and South Australia. To the north of the desert and also stretching into Queensland lies the Barkly Tableland , a grassy upland with an average elevation of 1,000 feet (300 metres).", "Ayers Rock is located in the south of the Australian outback, in the Northern Territory. Consisting of a massive reddish-to-brown coloured rock formation mainly of sandstone, this ancient natural wonder is iconic to Australia and it classified as a World Heritage Site.", "Uluru (Pitjantjatjara: Uluṟu), also known as Ayers Rock and officially gazetted as \"UluruAyers Rock\", is a large sandstone rock formation in the southern part of the Northern Territory in central Australia. It lies 335 km south west of the nearest large town, Alice Springs, 450 km by road.", "There are many sites of traditional importance in and around Alice Springs, such as Anthwerrke (Emily Gap), Akeyulerre (Billy Goat Hill), Ntaripe (Heavitree Gap), Atnelkentyarliweke (Anzac Hill), and Alhekulyele (Mt. Gillen). Many Arrernte people also live in communities outside of Alice Springs.", "The Park covers 675,000 hectares, including the Snowy River and all of NSW's snow fields. Visitors can enjoy the landscape of limestone gorges, glacial lakes, large granite boulders, alpine herbfields, heaths, bogs, areas of stony ground and interesting caves. Internationally known as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, it incorporates six wilderness areas covering about 300,000 hectares with unique plant species and also the rare corroboree frog and mountain pygmy possum. For further information ring the park office on (02) 6450 5600." ]

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[ "Michael Casimir \"Mike\" Stivic is a fictional character on the long-running American television sitcom of the 1970s, All in the Family. He was the live-in son-in-law of the series' lead character, Archie Bunker, who frequently called him \"Meathead\". Michael was the husband of Archie's daughter Gloria (played by Sally Struthers). Rob Reiner played the role of Michael Stivic throughout the series.", "*704 Hauser features the Bunkers' house with a new family, the key twist being that the Archie Bunker analog in this series is black. Joey Stivic, Gloria and Mike's son, now in his twenties, makes a brief appearance in the first episode.", "Joseph Michael Stivic was the son of Michael and Gloria Stivic, and grandson of Archie and Edith Bunker, and was born during the sixth season of All In The Family . The character first appeared as a newborn baby in the two-part episode \" Birth of the Baby \" which aired on December 15 & 22, 1975.", "They have one child, Gloria (Sally Struthers) who, for the most part, is kind and good natured, like her mother, but who also on occasion displays traces of her father's stubbornness; she becomes more of an outspoken feminist as the series progresses. Gloria is married to college student Michael Stivic (Rob Reiner). Michael is referred to as \"Meathead\" by Archie and \"Mike\" by nearly everyone else. Mike is a bit of a hippie, openly an atheist and his morality is influenced and shaped by the counterculture of the 1960s. He and Archie represent the real-life clash between the Greatest Generation and the Baby Boomers. They constantly clash over religious, political, social, and personal issues. For much of the series, the Stivics live in the Bunkers' home to save money, providing even more opportunity for the two men to irritate each other. When Mike finally finishes graduate school and the Stivics move out, it turns out to be to the house next door. The house was offered to them by George Jefferson, the Bunkers' former neighbor, who knows it will irritate Archie. In addition to calling him \"Meathead\", Archie also frequently cites Mike's Polish ancestry, referring to him as a \"dumb Polack.\"", "The show also starred a Broadway actress , also from New York City , Jean Stapleton , in the role of Archie Bunker 's long-suffering wife, Edith Bunker after Lear saw her in the play Damn Yankees . The producer sent the show over to ABC twice, but it didn't get picked up. They then approached CBS with more success, and accordingly, All in the Family was retooled and debuted early in 1971. The show also starred unknown character actors , such as Rob Reiner as Archie's liberal son-in-law, Michael \"Meathead\" Stivic and Sally Struthers as Archie's only daughter and Meathead's wife, Gloria Bunker-Stivic. The cast had a unique on- and off-camera chemistry, especially Reiner, who became Carroll's best friend and favorite actor.", "Although taken by surprise, Michael is excited to learn that Gloria is pregnant in 1971, though the pregnancy ends in a miscarriage. Gloria becomes pregnant again in 1975 and their baby Joseph \"Joey\" Stivic is born in December of that year.", "All in the Family, an American sitcom that ran from 1971 to 1979, was adapted from the British show Till Death Do Us Part, a serial on BBC. Producer Norman Lear loosely based the character of Archie Bunker on his own father. Bunker's family included his scatterbrained wife Edith, played by Jean Stapleton; their daughter Gloria, played by Sally Struthers; and her liberal and outspoken husband Mike \"Meathead\" Stivic, played by Rob Reiner.", "Sally Struthers as Gloria Bunker Stivic , the Bunkers' college-age daughter, married to Michael Stivic. Gloria frequently attempts to mediate Archie and Michael's arguments. The roles of Archie and Edith's daughter and son-in-law (then named \"Dickie\") initially went to Candice Azzara and Chip Oliver . However, after seeing the show's pilot , the original production company, ABC , requested a second pilot, expressing dissatisfaction with both actors. Lear recast the \"Gloria\" and \"Dickie\" roles with Struthers and Reiner. Penny Marshall , whom Reiner married in April 1971, shortly after the program began, was also considered for the role of Gloria. During the earlier seasons of the show, Struthers was known to be discontented with how static her part was, frequently coming off as irritating and having just a few token lines. As the series continued, Gloria's character became more developed, satisfying Struthers. Template:Citation needed She appeared in 157 of the 202 episodes in the first eight seasons—from January 12, 1971 to March 19, 1978.", "All in the Family is a sitcom that aired on CBS from 1971, to 1979. In September 1979, a new show, Archie Bunker's Place, picked up where All in the Family had ended. This sitcom lasted another four years, ending its run in 1983.", "* In the \"Flashback: Mike Meets Archie\" episode of All in the Family from 1971, after Archie Bunker was disgusted with Mike \"Meathead\" Stivic's liberal viewpoints, Archie stood up and sang a butchered version of \"God Bless America\" while Mike was screaming at Archie.", "All In the Family is one of three television shows, The Cosby Show and American Idol being the others, that have been number 1 in the Nielsen Ratings for five consecutive TV seasons.", "*The second and longest-lasting spin-off of All in the Family was The Jeffersons. Debuting on CBS on January 18, 1975 The Jeffersons lasted 11 seasons and 253 episodes compared to All in the Family's 9 seasons and 208 episodes. The main characters of The Jeffersons were the Bunkers' former next-door neighbors George Jefferson (Sherman Hemsley) and his wife, Louise \"Weezie\" Jefferson (Isabel Sanford). George Jefferson was the owner of a chain of seven successful dry-cleaning stores; as The Jeffersons begins, they have just moved from the Bunkers' neighborhood to a luxury high-rise apartment building in Manhattan's Upper East Side. George was considered to be the \"black Archie Bunker,\" and just as racist as Archie.", "The baby born in January 1961 was named on the birth certificate as Justin Oliver Prouse – the surname of his mother’s then husband Dennis. Three years later Gloria married Hugh Webb and Justin took his name.", "All in the Family is one of three television shows (The Cosby Show and American Idol being the others) that have been No. 1 in the Nielsen ratings for five consecutive TV seasons. The show remained in the top-ten for seven of its nine seasons.", "Much like his ex-wife Penny Marshall, Rob Reiner got his start acting in bit parts for television. He appeared in the ’60s Batman series as well as episodes of The Andy Griffith Show and The Beverly Hillbillies. It was his role as Mike Stivic (referred to as “Meathead” by patriarch Archie Bunker) in All in the Family that catapulted him to fame. All in the Family was incredibly popular and topped the Nielsen ratings five years in a row, the first series to achieve such a feat. Reiner also won two Emmys for his role as Stivic.", "The program was able to keep an especially sharp edge over its first half dozen years thanks to the evolving character development of the series' primary cast members and the infusion of strong supporting characters. Both the Bunkers' African American next-door neighbors, the Jeffersons, and Edith's visiting cousin, Maude Findlay (played by Bea Arthur ), eventually went on to star in successful spin-off series of their own. All in the Family also benefited from an occasional one-shot guest appearance, the most memorable of which featured entertainer Sammy Davis, Jr ., written by comedian Bill Dana .", "The program was able to keep an especially sharp edge over its first half dozen years thanks to the evolving character development of the series' primary cast members and the infusion of strong supporting characters. Both the Bunkers' African American next-door neighbors, the Jeffersons, and Edith's visiting cousin, Maude Findlay, eventually went on to star in successful spin-off series of their own. All in the Family also benefited from an occasional one-shot guest appearance, the most memorable of which featured entertainer Sammy Davis, Jr.", "*Gloria was the third spin-off of All in the Family, focusing on Archie's divorced daughter Gloria starting a new life as an assistant trainee to a couple of veterinarians in Foxridge, New York. It premiered September 26, 1982 and ran for one season.", "The show chronicles the weekly adventures of the Cartwright family, headed by the thrice-widowed patriarch Ben Cartwright ( Lorne Greene ). He had three sons, each by a different wife: the eldest was the urbane architect Adam Cartwright ( Pernell Roberts ) who built the ranch house; the second was the warm and lovable giant Eric “Hoss” Cartwright ( Dan Blocker ); and the youngest was the hotheaded and impetuous Joseph or “Little Joe” ( Michael Landon ). Via exposition (Bonanza, “Rose for Lotta”, premiere September 12, 1959) and flashback episodes, each wife was accorded a different ethnicity: English (Bonanza, “Elizabeth My Love”; episode #65) Swedish (Bonanza, “Inger My Love”, episode #95) and French Creole (Bonanza, “Marie My Love”, episode #120) respectively. The family’s cook was the Chinese immigrant Hop Sing ( Victor Sen Yung ). Greene, Roberts, Blocker, and Landon were billed equally. The opening credits would alternate the order among the four stars.", "Mike Baldwin's family history was retconned in 2004 when his nephew Danny Baldwin was introduced. Prior to this, Mike was always referred to as an only child.", "Philbin has been married twice and has four children. He was married to Kay Faylan from 1955–1968, and he has been married to interior decorator Joy Senese since 1970. His children are Amy, Daniel (both with Faylan), Joanna, and Jennifer \"J. J.\" (both with Senese). Joy Philbin occasionally co-hosts with her husband Regis. On Live, he often mentions Joy, and to a lesser degree, Joanna, J.J. and Danny. When Danny was born, he didn't have some vertebrae and he was missing some muscles in his leg. He had to spend his childhood at the Angel View Crippled Children's Foundation in California. During the September 11 attacks, Philbin noted on air that he was very worried about Danny who worked at The Pentagon and is wheelchair bound. Danny emerged from the terrorist attack safe, and since the tragedy Regis has joined Danny at Walter Reed Army Medical Center to visit injured troops. In August 2007, Regis and Joy Philbin announced that their daughter J. J. and her husband, Michael, were expecting their first child in February 2008. William Xavier Schur was born on February 18, 2008. He weighed 6 lbs. 5 oz, and was 19 inches in length. William Xavier is named after Regis, Xavier being his confirmation name. He is also nicknamed \"Mr. Trouble\" by Regis and often referred to as such on Live.", "Bill Cosby incorporated many names from his own real-life family into his sitcom relatives. He married Camille Olivia Hanks in 1964. In the show, Clair Huxtable’s maiden name was “Hanks,” and Denise’s precocious stepdaughter was named Olivia. His mother’s name was Anna, just like his TV mom. His younger brother Russell lent his name to the Huxtable granddad.", "* Harold O'Malley (George Dzundza): Father of George O'Malley, he was a truck driver with a passion for vintage cars. He was married for 40 years to his wife, Louise, and they had three sons: Jerry, Ronny, and George. He is very proud of all of his sons, but he often has trouble relating to George. He is admitted to Seattle Grace with esophageal cancer that has spread to his stomach, as well as a leaking aortic valve. He undergoes surgery to successfully replace the valve, and later has a second surgery to determine the extent of the cancer. Prior to the second surgery, he asks Dr. Webber and Dr. Bailey to remove the tumor regardless of the risk, in order to give him a chance to fight the cancer. The surgery proves too much for his body and, after several days, he goes into multi-system organ failure, which prompts the family to remove him from life support.", "Happy Days is an American television sitcom that originally aired from 1974 to 1984 on ABC. The show presents an idealized vision of life in 1950s and early 1960s America. The family consists of Howard Cunningham, a hardware store owner, his homemaker wife Marion and the couple's two children, Richie, an optimistic if somewhat naive teenager, and Joanie, Ritchie's sweet but feisty younger sister. The Cunninghams also had an older son named Chuck, a character who disappeared during the second season. The earlier episodes revolve around Richie and his friends, Potsie Weber, Ralph Malph and local dropout Arthur \"The Fonz\" Fonzarelli, but as the series progressed, \"Fonzie\" proved to be a favourite with viewers and soon more story lines were written to reflect his growing popularity. Soon Fonzie befriended Richie and the Cunningham family. The focus would also occasionally shift to other additional characters, such as Fonzie's cousin Chachi, who became a love interest for Joanie Cunningham. This long-running show spawned several other television series, including Laverne & Shirley, Mork & Mindy, and Joanie Loves Chachi.", "Happy Days is an American television sitcom that originally aired from 1974 to 1984 on ABC. The show presents an idealized vision of life in 1950s and early 1960s America. The family consists of Howard Cunningham, a hardware store owner, his homemaker wife Marion and the couple's two children, Richie, an optimistic if somewhat naive teenager, and Joanie, Ritchie's sweet but feisty younger sister. The Cunninghams also had an older son named Chuck, a character who disappeared during the second season. The earlier episodes revolve around Richie and his friends, Potsie Weber, Ralph Malph and local dropout Arthur \"The Fonz\" Fonzarelli, but as the series progressed, \"Fonzie\" proved to be a favourite with viewers and soon more story lines were written to reflect his growing popularity. Soon Fonzie befriended Richie and the Cunningham family. The focus would also occasionally shift to other additional characters, such as Fonzie's cousin Chachi, who became a love interest for Joanie Cunningham. This long-running show spawned several other television series, including Laverne & Shirley, Mork & Mindy, and Joanie Loves Chachi.", "After the war, Jock returned to Southfork and confessed to Miss Ellie about his affair with Margaret Hunter. She forgave him and they moved on. In 1948, Amos Krebbs left Margaret Hunter, leaving her to raise Ray as a single parent. In 1960, a 15-year-old Ray Krebbs showed up at Southfork with a note from his mother asking Jock to help Ray. Jock made Ray a hand on Southfork. Neither Jock, Miss Ellie nor Ray knew that Jock was Ray's father until 20 years later, when Amos Krebbs came to Dallas and revealed that Jock was Ray's father, bringing proof to back up his claim. Jock then welcomed Ray into the Ewing family, and personally explained it all to his family.", "Happy Days is an American television sitcom that originally aired from 1974 to 1984 on ABC . The show presents an idealized vision of life in mid 1950s to mid 1960s America. The family consists of Howard Cunningham, a hardware store owner, his homemaker wife Marion and the couple's two children, Richie , an optimistic if somewhat naïve teenager, and Joanie , Richie's sweet but feisty younger sister. The Cunninghams also had an older son named Chuck, a character who disappeared during the second season.", "Son of Bobby Bacala and Karen Baccalieri, brother of Sophia Baccalieri. He is referred to as \"Bobby Jr.\" although his father is actually the second \"Bobby\". Bobby Jr.'s mother died in a car accident in 2002. He was often the victim of bullying from A.J. Soprano . After Bobby Jr.'s mother died, his father married Janice Soprano, who became Bobby's stepmother. Bobby Jr. was involved in the ride malfunction at the 2006 Feast of St. Elzear festival. His relationship with his father became more distant in his teenage years and he refused to play with his father's trainset and watch a Giants game with his father. Janice continues to use her manipulative skills with Bobby Jr. She controls his behavior by threatening him with a public reading of a report card to keep him home for Sunday dinner and to do his homework. Bobby Jr. cited A.J.'s behavior as a reason why he should be able to avoid family engagements. He was a fan of Massive Genius and likes the San Diego Chargers despite his father being a New York Giants fan.", "King of the Hill is an American animated sitcom created by Mike Judge and Greg Daniels. The main characters are Hank Hill, Peggy Hill, Bobby Hill, Luanne Platter, Dale Gribble, Bill Dauterive, Boomhauer, Kahn Souphanousinphone, and Elroy \"Lucky\" Kleinschmidt.", "Jesse Katsopolis (Jesse Cochran in season 1; his birth name was Hermes, but when he was young, he had it changed to Jesse) is a main character on the sitcom Full House , portrayed by John Stamos . He is Danny Tanner 's brother-in-law, and uncle of D.J. , Stephanie , and Michelle , and is Pam 's younger brother, the husband of Rebecca , and father to Alex and Nicky .", "Full House was an ABC sitcom starring Bob Saget as widower Danny Tanner. Tanner, a television reporter, enlists the help of his brother-in-law Jesse Katsopolis (John Stamos) and friend Joey Gladstone (Dave Coulier) to raise his three daughters: Donna Jo \"D.J.\" (Candace Cameron); Stephanie (Jodie Sweetin) and Michelle (Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen).", "Full House is an American sitcom that follows the story of a father as he raises his three daughters with the help of his best friend and his brother-in-law after the death of his wife. The series premiered on ABC on September 22nd,1987, and concluded after eight seasons on May 23rd, 1995. Helped in part by ’90s nostalgia on the web and the long-running syndication of the show on cable networks, Full House continues to remain culturally relevant into the 2010s." ]

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[ "Crosby, Stills & Nash (CSN) were a folk rock supergroup made up of Americans David Crosby and Stephen Stills and Briton Graham Nash. They were known as Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (CSNY) when joined by Canadian Neil Young, who was an occasional fourth member. They were noted for their intricate vocal harmonies, often tumultuous interpersonal relationships, political activism, and lasting influence on US music and culture. Crosby, Stills & Nash were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and all three members were also inducted for their work in other groups (Crosby for the Byrds, Stills for Buffalo Springfield and Nash for the Hollies).[2] Neil Young has also been inducted, but as a solo artist and as a member of Buffalo Springfield, not for his work with the group.", "Crosby, Stills & Nash were a folk rock supergroup made up of Americans David Crosby and Stephen Stills and British Graham Nash. They were known as Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young when joined by Canadian Neil Young, who was an occasional fourth member. They were noted for their intricate vocal harmonies, often tumultuous interpersonal relationships, political activism, and lasting influence on US music and culture. Crosby, Stills & Nash were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and all three members were also inducted for their work in other groups. Neil Young has also been inducted, but as a solo artist and as a member of Buffalo Springfield, not for his work with the group.", "Crosby, Stills & Nash (CSN) is a folk rock supergroup made up of David Crosby, Stephen Stills and Graham Nash, also known as Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (CSNY) when joined by occasional fourth member Neil Young. They are noted for their intricate vocal harmonies, often tumultuous interpersonal relationships, political activism, and lasting influence on American music and culture. All four members of CSNY have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, though Young's inductions were for work not involving the group.", "Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young (or Crosby, Stills and Nash) are a Super Group consisting of David Crosby, Stephen Stills and Graham Nash originally, until they were joined by a fourth member, Neil Young , and eventually became known under this name instead.", "With a name taken from a steamroller, the group signed to Atlantic Records in 1966 and released their debut single “Nowadays Clancy Can’t Even Sing\" - a regional hit in Los Angeles. The following December, the group released the protest song they were most prominently known for, \"For What It's Worth\". After various drug-related arrests and line-up changes, the group decided to break up in 1968. Stephen Stills went on to form the folk rock supergroup Crosby, Stills & Nash with David Crosby of the Byrds and Graham Nash of the Hollies. Neil Young had launched his successful solo career and reunited with Stills in Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young in 1969. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997.", "The release of \"Crosby, Stills & Nash\" in May 1969 catapulted them to popularity that rivaled The Beatles at the time, driven by the hits \"Marrakesh Express\" and \"Suite: Judy Blue Eyes.\" With Neil Young on board as Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, they walked onstage that summer at Woodstock for what was only their second live performance. And with the singles \"Teach Your Children,\" \"Woodstock,\" and \"Our House,\" their first album as a quartet, 1970's \"Déjà Vu,\" was another major hit.", "Nash left the Hollies to form a new group with Crosby and Stills. A trio at first, Crosby, Stills & Nash later became a quartet with Neil Young: Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (CSNY).<br /><br /> With both configurations, Nash went on to even greater worldwide success, penning many of CSN's most-commercial hit singles such as \"Marrakesh Express\" (which had been rejected by the Hollies), \"Our House\", \"Teach Your Children\" (also rejected by the Hollies), \"Just a Song Before I Go\" and \"Wasted on the Way\". Nash, nicknamed \"Willy\" by his band mates, has been described as the glue that keeps their often fragile alliances together.<br /><br /> Nash became politically active after moving to California, as reflected in Nash's songs \"Military Madness\" and \"Chicago\". His song \"Immigration Man\", Crosby & Nash's biggest hit as a duo, arose from a tiff he had with a US Customs official while trying to enter the country. Read Less", "Crosby, Stills & Nash were a folk rock supergroup made up of Americans David Crosby and Stephen Stills and Briton Graham Nash. They were known as Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young when joined by Canadia...", "Nash initially met both David Crosby and Stephen Stills in 1966 during a Hollies US tour. On a subsequent visit to the US in 1968, he was more formally introduced to Crosby by mutual friend Cass Elliott in Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles. Nash left the Hollies to form a new group with Crosby and Stills. A trio at first, Crosby, Stills & Nash later became a quartet with Neil Young: Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (CSNY).", "1st LP, released 5/2969. Stephen Stills and David Crosby had been close friends since David's group the Byrds had helped Stephen's band Buffalo Springfield get started. As Buffalo Springfield was breaking up in early 1968, the 23-year-old Stills started writing songs with Crosby, who was 26. In June, the 26-year-old Graham Nash was planning on leaving the Hollies when he first met and sang with the other two in Los Angeles. (Graham and David remember that first performance being at Joni Mitchell's Laurel Canyon home; Stills swears at was in the kitchen at Mama Cass Elliot's house.) Encouraged by producer Paul Rothchild (who'd been working with the Doors and Janis Joplin), the trio recorded a five-song demo in New York on a single day in August 1968. The next morning, Graham returned to England. Soon, Crosby and Stills joined Nash in London to write more songs and extract him from the Hollies. Those songwriting sessions and the musicians' interpersonal relationships progressed extremely well. Within six months of recording their demo, Nash officially joined forces with Crosby and Stills, and the three signed a lucrative record contract.", "Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young; (L-R) Stephen Stills, David Crosby, Graham Nash and Neil Young in Oakland, California on July 14th, 1974. Credit: Gijsbert Hanekroot/Redferns/Getty", "Prior to the formation of CSN, each member of the band had belonged to another prominent group. David Crosby played guitar, sang and wrote songs with the Byrds; Stephen Stills had been a guitarist, keyboardist, vocalist and songwriter in the band Buffalo Springfield (which also featured Neil Young); and Graham Nash had been a guitarist, singer and songwriter with the Hollies.", "Tensions reached a breaking point during October 1967, when McGuinn and Hillman drove to Crosby's home and fired him, stating that they would be better off without him. Crosby subsequently received a cash settlement, with which he bought a sailboat and soon after, he began working with Stephen Stills and Graham Nash in the successful supergroup Crosby, Stills & Nash. In the years since his exit from the Byrds, Crosby has enjoyed an influential and commercially successful career as a part of Crosby, Stills & Nash (sometimes augmented by Neil Young), Crosby & Nash, CPR, and as a solo artist. During the 1980s, he fought against crippling drug addiction and eventually served a year in prison on drug-related charges. He emerged from jail free of his drug habit and remains musically active up to the present day.", "Each individual member released a solo album ( Neil Young 's After The Gold Rush from 1970, Stephen Stills' Stephen Stills from 1970, David Crosby If I Could Only Remember My Name from 1971 and Graham Nash's Songs For Beginners from 1971. Crosby And Nash even started a duo together, with their first album being Graham Nash/David Crosby from 1972. Although they performed on each other's solo albums they start spending more attention to their own work than working together as a group. Tensions and drug abuse took their toll. Only after seven years the next collective album came out and by that point Young had already left the group, causing them to name the album CSN, short for the first names of the remaining band members. Only \"Just A Song Before I Go\" became a hit.", "Due to internal friction, Crosby was dismissed from the Byrds in late 1967.[3] By early 1968, Buffalo Springfield had disintegrated, and after aiding in putting together the band's final album, Stills was unemployed. He and Crosby began meeting informally and jamming. The result of one encounter in Florida on Crosby's schooner was the song \"Wooden Ships\", composed in collaboration with another guest, Jefferson Airplane's Paul Kantner.[4]", "Graham Nash had been introduced to Crosby when The Byrds had toured the United Kingdom in 1966, and when The Hollies ventured to California in 1968, Nash resumed his acquaintance with Crosby. At a party in July 1968 at Joni Mitchell's house, Nash asked Stills and Crosby to repeat their performance of a new song by Stills, \"You Don't Have To Cry\", with Nash improvising a third part harmony. The vocals jelled, and the three realized that they had a unique vocal chemistry.", "Starting in 1972, Nash teamed with Crosby, the two continuing as a successful recording and performing duo until the more or less permanent reformation with Stills for the CSN album of 1977. The pair reunited for another Crosby & Nash studio album in 2004, and a legitimate release of music from a 1970s Crosby-Nash tour as on a widely-circulated bootleg appeared in 1998.", "But way back then, in 1969, the trio had put together an epochal album, which also included such classics as Wooden Ships and Helplessly Hoping. Written with Crosby and Paul Kantner, Wooden Ships is another all-time classic. Having just given it a listen on a CSN compilation tape, it again reinforced for me the magic that was the Stills/Crosby combination. It starts with what sound like harmonics plucked on the electric guitar, before the full rock sound kicks in, with lead guitar and organ prominent. Stills’s skill as a lead guitarist is probably undervalued. On this track, he is superb. It is he who opens the song with the lines, “If you smile at me, I will understand / ’Cause that is something everybody everywhere does / in the same language.”", "Atlantic's next major breakthrough came with one of rock's first \"supergroups\", although the label almost lost what proved to be one of the most successful signings in its history. In 1969 Stephen Stills was still signed to Atlantic under the contract dating from his tenure in Buffalo Springfield. His agent David Geffen came to Jerry Wexler to ask for Stills to be released from his Atlantic contract, because Geffen wanted Stills' new group to sign with Columbia Records. Wexler lost his temper and threw Geffen out of his office, but fortunately Geffen called Ahmet Ertegun the next day, and Ertegun persuaded Geffen to convince Clive Davis at Columbia Records to let Atlantic sign the new group, Crosby Stills & Nash. ", "Fuelled by their huge success as a group, all four main members of CSNY released their own solo albums over the next few months: Stills, Crosby and Nash released their debut solo albums on Atlantic during 1970-71, each featuring stellar supporting casts of backing musicians alongside the other members of CSNY. (Young's After The Goldrush came out on Atlantic's sister label Reprise Records , to which Young had already signed as a solo artist). Stills' album was a major hit, reaching #3 (with the single \"Love The One You're With\" making #14 on the US singles chart); Crosby's If I Could Only Remember My Name reached #14 (and has remained in print ever since) and Nash's Songs for Beginners reached #15, with the single \"Chicago\", reaching #35. In the meantime, Atlantic had released CSNY's second album, the 2LP live set 4 Way Street , which also went to #1 and earned a gold record award, but by the time it had reached the stores the group had already split. Despite this, Atlantic enjoyed continued success with the various members - Stills' next two LPs both made the US Top 10, as did Crosby and Nash's 1972 duo album. The group briefly reformed in 1974 for a hugely successful stadium tour, and although plans for a new album were scuppered by the band's legendary infighting, the hastily compiled anthology So Far still managed to top the US album chart.", "Atlantic's next major breakthrough came with one of rock's first \"supergroups\", although the label almost lost what proved to be one of the most successful signings in its history. In 1969 Stephen Stills was still signed to Atlantic under the contract dating from his tenure in Buffalo Springfield. His agent David Geffen came to Jerry Wexler to ask for Stills to be released from his Atlantic contract, because Geffen wanted Stills' new group to sign with Columbia Records . Wexler lost his temper and threw Geffen out of his office, but fortunately Geffen called Ahmet Ertegun the next day, and Ertegun persuaded Geffen to convince Clive Davis at Columbia Records to let Atlantic sign the new group, Crosby Stills & Nash .", "Crosby, Stills & Nash is a pioneering folk/rock supergroup formed by David Crosby , Stephen Stills and Graham Nash - refugees from three 1960s bands: The Byrds , Buffalo Springfield , and The Hollies . The band is primarily known for their three-part vocal harmonies. They are strongly associated with the 1969 Woodstock Festival. They are commonly referred to by their initials CSN.", "Between September 1970 and May 1971, each of the quartet released high-profile solo albums: Young's After the Gold Rush in September; Stills' eponymous debut in November; Crosby's If I Could Only Remember My Name in February, and Nash's Songs for Beginners in May. All four solo LPs placed in the top 15 on the Billboard 200, with Stills' entry peaking the highest at #3. Stills released an additional record in 1971, Stephen Stills 2, which also went Top Ten. Crosby and Nash embarked on a successful acoustic tour accompanied only by their own guitars and piano, captured for the 1998 documentary Another Stoney Evening.", "CSNY did not perform together again as a foursome until Live Aid in Philadelphia in 1985, and then performed only sporadically in the 1980s and '90s (mainly at the annual Bridge School Benefit organized by Young's wife Pegi). Without Young, however, Crosby, Stills & Nash has performed much more consistently since its reformation in 1977. The trio toured in support of their 1977 and 1982 albums CSN and Daylight Again and then, starting in the late 1980s, has toured regularly year after year. While the group has continued to perform live to the present day, since 1982 it has released only four albums of new material: American Dream (1988, with Young), Live It Up (1990), After The Storm (1994), and Looking Forward (1999, with Young). In addition, Crosby & Nash released the self-titled album Crosby & Nash in 2004.", "During the 1974 tour, CSNY also introduced new songs that emerged later on various albums, like Crosby’s “Time After Time,” Nash’s “Fieldworker,” and Stills’ “First Things First.” Several songs by Young are previously unreleased, including “Traces,” “Love/Art Blues,” “Goodbye Dick,” and “Hawaiian Sunrise.”", "Crosby, Stills & Nash, Crosby, Stills & Nash (1969, Atlantic). The first album by folk-rock's major supergroup, and a hugely influential one, though its contents have aged variably. Stephen Stills, if only in retrospect, was the main motor, and wrote the album's best song, \"Suite: Judy Blue Eyes,\" while \"Long Time Gone\" and \"Wooden Ships\" showed their more aggressive, harder-rocking profile. The 2006 reissue adds four bonus tracks, including a cover of Nilsson's \"Everybody's Talkin'.\"", "A year after reforming, Crosby, Stills & Nash released CSN. Recorded at Criteria Studios in Miami, Florida, throughout late 1976 and early 1977, the album exemplified the meticulously stylized soft rock production ethos of the epoch and contained the band's highest-charting single, Nash's \"Just a Song Before I Go\" (#7). The album peaked at #2 on the Billboard chart in the summer of 1977, staying at that position for the month of August and ultimately earning a RIAA quadruple platinum certification behind one of the best-selling LPs of all time, Fleetwood Mac's Rumours.[28][29]", "Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young — Teach Your Children — Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm", "In 1977 Crosby, Stills and Nash regrouped for the quadruple-platinum CSN, which included \"Just a Song Before I Go\" (Number 7, 1977). The next summer they toured as an acoustic trio, and in the fall of 1979 they performed at the antinuclear benefit concerts sponsored by Musicians United for Safe Energy (MUSE). In 1982 the trio released Daylight Again, for which Stills wrote most of the songs, and toured arenas once more. Daylight was a Top-Ten LP and boasted two Top 20 singles, \"Wasted on the Way\" (Number 9) and \"Southern Cross\" (Number 18).", "Atlantic also signed Buffalo Springfield in 1966, and they had several albums on Atco and a big hit with \"For What It's Worth\". The group, made up of Stephen Stills, Dewey Martin, Richie Furay, Neil Young and Bruce Palmer, self-destructed in 1968, but Atlantic kept Stephen Stills as a solo artist.", "Stills and Nash convened in 1980 and 1981 to record Daylight Again. Atlantic Record executives, however, refused to release the LP until Crosby was reinstated. Crosby contributed “Delta” (his last original composition for several years) and a cover of Judy Henske and Craig Doerge's \"Might as Well Have a Good Time\" along with some additional vocals on other tracks. The album contained two hits, Nash’s “Wasted on the Way” (#9) and Stills’ “Southern Cross” (#18). Despite the ascendancy of new wave and contemporary R&B, Daylight Again reached #8 in 1982. ", "Buffalo Springfield, Canadian-American band that combined inventive songwriting, skillful instrumental interplay, and harmony vocals into a stunning folk rock signature sound, which laid the groundwork for southern California country rock . The original members were Stephen Stills (b. January 3, 1945, Dallas, Texas, U.S.), Neil Young (b. November 12, 1945, Toronto, Ontario, Canada), Richie Furay (b. May 9, 1944, Yellow Springs, Ohio, U.S.), Dewey Martin (b. September 30, 1942, Chesterville, Ontario, Canada—found dead February 1, 2009, Van Nuys, California, U.S.), and Bruce Palmer (b. 1946, Liverpool, Nova Scotia, Canada—d. October 1, 2004, Belleville, Ontario). Later members included Jim Messina (b. December 5, 1947, Maywood, California, U.S.)." ]

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[ "John Logie Baird FRSE (; 14 August 1888 - 14 June 1946) was a Scottish engineer, innovator, one of the inventors of the mechanical television, demonstrating the first working television system on 26 January 1926, and inventor of both the first publicly demonstrated colour television system, and the first purely electronic colour television picture tube. ", "John Logie Baird is a very famous Scottish inventor who was born in 1888 in Scotland. He played a vital role in the invention of the television and it was his invention of photomechanical television that broadcasted the transmission live for the first time ever. He studied at the University of Glasgow and also at Royal Technical College. It was due to his unstable health that he could not participate in World War I and he was enforced to give up his electric engineering post. After that he tried out many activities and tried to figure out his areas of interest as he had declared himself as a “Professional Amateur”.", "On October 30, 1925, John Logie Baird had been successful in transmitting his first true television picture in the laboratory: the head of a ventriloquist's dummy. Looking for publicity he visited the Daily Express newspaper to promote his invention. The news editor was terrified. Later he was quoted by one of his staff as saying:\" For God's sake, go down to reception and get rid of a lunatic who's down there. He says he's got a machine for seeing by wireless! Watch him-- he may have a razor on him.\" [1]", "A Scottish engineer, John Logie Baird was the inventor of the first publicly demonstrated and public television in the whole world. He was also the inventor of the first color, electronic television tube. His significant place in the invention of the television is secured by way of his achievements in displaying working television broadcasts. Baird’ television system was in the end displaced by a purely electronic television system, his having been an electromechanical one.", "John Logie Baird is remembered as the inventor of mechanical television, radar and fiber optics. Successfully tested in a laboratory in late 1925 and unveiled with much fanfare in London in early 1926, mechanical television technology was quickly usurped by electronic television, the basis of modern video technology. Nonetheless, Baird's achievements, including making the first trans-Atlantic television transmission, were singular and critical scientific accomplishments. Lonely, driven, tireless and often poor, the native Scot defined the pioneering spirit of scientific inquiry.", "In 1926 John Logie Baird became the first man in history to give a successful public demonstration of television. During WWII, with the help of one assistant, a part-time glassblower and a refugee from Germany, he built his masterpiece and swansong - the Telechrome. It was the foundation of all modern electronic colour television.", "John Logie Baird is remembered as the inventor of mechanical television, radar and fiber optics. Born in 1888 in Helensburgh, Scotland, Baird learned a Calvinist work ethic from his father, a Presbyterian minister. He successfully tested in a laboratory in late 1925 and unveiled with much fanfare in London in early 1926, mechanical television technology was quickly usurped by electronic television, the basis of modern video technology. Nonetheless, Baird's achievements, including making the first trans-Atlantic television transmission, were singular and critical scientific accomplishments. Baird created a host of television technologies. Among them, phonovision, a forerunner of the video recorder, noctovision, an infra-red spotting system for \"seeing\" in the dark; open-air television, a theater-projection system; stereoscopic color TV; and the first high definition color TV.", "(5) On May 15 2012, Dr. Douglas Brown's new book entitled \"The Three Dimensions of John Logie Baird\" was published by the Radio Society of Great Britain. John Logie Baird is remembered as the inventor of television with the qualification that his first system was mechanical. Dr. Brown's book sets out Baird's later work in electronic colour, 3D and holographic television and his significant contributions to other information sciences and their resulting technologies. It goes into detail about how the systems worked and their later development after John Logie Baird's death. Further details and ordering information can be obtained at the following link: http://www.rsgbshop.org/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_General_Books_30.html . Malcolm Baird has recently reviewed the book on this website to read this review click here .", "In 1932, while in England to raise money for his legal battles with RCA, Farnsworth met with John Logie Baird, a Scottish inventor who had given the world's first public demonstration of a working television system in London in 1926, using an electro-mechanical imaging system, and who was seeking to develop electronic television receivers. Baird demonstrated his mechanical system for Farnsworth. Baird's company directors pursued a merger with Farnsworth, paying $50,000 to supply electronic television equipment and provide access to Farnsworth patents. Baird and Farnsworth competed with EMI for the U.K. standard television system, but EMI merged with the Marconi Company in 1934, gaining access to the RCA Iconoscope patents. After trials of both systems, the BBC committee chose the Marconi-EMI system, which was by then virtually identical to RCA's system. The image dissector scanned well but had poor light sensitivity compared to the Marconi-EMI Iconoscopes, dubbed \"Emitrons.\"", "Scottish inventor John Logie Baird gave the first public demonstration of television in 1926 in Soho, London. Ten years later there were only 100 TV sets in the world.", "In 1932, while in England to raise money for his legal battles with RCA, Farnsworth met with John Logie Baird, a Scottish inventor who had given the world's first public demonstration of a working television system in London in 1926, using an electro-mechanical imaging system, and who was seeking to develop electronic television receivers. … Read More", "The television was developed by Scotsman John Logie Baird (1888–1946) in the 1920s. In 1932 he made the first television broadcast between London and Glasgow.", "Television was invented in the year 1927 by john logie baird.An all-electronic moving-image television system somewhat similar to that used today was invented and demonstrated in 1929 by philo farnsworth.all other historical events include:", "Baird died in June of 1946. The work of John Logie Baird comprised a crucial break-through in television technology. Today, 95% of modern TV is pre-recorded, an approach recommended by Baird. A large amount of contemporary TV utilizes the film scanning system of Rank-Cintel, which absorbed Baird's Cinema Television. Baird's single electronic gun CRT development work in 1945 was eventually followed in the design of the Sony Trinitron tube. In a manner that today seems commonplace, his initial mechanical solution was quickly supplanted by newer technology, but his inventive work continued and his legacy continues. Baird succeeded in perfecting visual transmission systems others had long abandoned. His single-minded tenacity proves that most obstacles are no greater than the limits of the imagination.", "In his first attempts to invent television, Baird experimented with the Nipkow disk and demonstrated that a semi-mechanical analogue television system was possible with the transmission of a static image of a ventriloquist's dummy in London in February 1924. This early system was highly primitive�images were difficult to view and transmitted only in shades of brown. On October 30, 1925 the first moving image was transmitted�the now famous grainy image of a ventriloquists dummy's head. Baird later transmitted the image of a local boy he had paid to take part in his experiments to a crowd of onlookers. Although the development of television was the result of work by many inventors (including Baird, Paul Gottlieb Nipkow and Boris Rosing; see Television: History), Baird is one of its foremost pioneers. He is generally credited with being the first person to produce a discernible television image, and went on to produce other advances in the field. Hastings , in East Sussex, UK, claims to be the 'Birthplace of Television' as it was there he was living for health reasons when he did much of his research work into his televisor. Hastings would claim to be the place where electro-mechanical television was first actually perfected and demonstrated.", "Scottish inventor John Logie Baird demonstrated the first working television system on 26 January 1926. [319]", "John Logie Baird, a Scottish engineer and inventor, gave the first demonstration of a television (TV) system; broadcasts commenced in Great Britain and the United States within a couple of years; after a slow start, TV rapidly spread a couple of decades later, after the war", "John Logie Baird is recognised as Britain's television pioneer; he was born and raised in Scotland, and most of his television work was done in the London area. Yet if events had turned out differently, he might have become a naturalized American like another Scottish inventor, Alexander Graham Bell.", "> The first public demonstration of television was made on the first floor at Selfridges (5) in 1925 by the Scottish inventor John Logie Baird.", "John Logie Baird   © Baird was a Scottish engineer, most famous for being the first person to demonstrate a working television.", "Television was invented by John logie Baird a scottish engineer.he was born on the 14th of august 1888 and he died on the 14th of june 1946.other events that took place are:", "Although the development of television was the result of work by many inventors, Baird is one of its foremost pioneers and made major advances in the field. He is generally credited with being the first person to produce a live, moving television image in halftones by reflected light. Baird achieved this, where other inventors had failed, by obtaining a better photoelectric cell and improving the signal conditioning from the photocell and the video amplifier.", "During his long career, John Baird created a host of television technologies. Among them, phonovision, a forerunner of the video recorder (which largely still relies on mechanical scanning); noctovision, an infra-red spotting system for \"seeing\" in the dark; open-air television, a theater-projection system; stereoscopic color TV; and the first high definition color TV. According to present-day TV historians, Baird only pursued mechanical scanning to get a television system working as quickly as possible. He changed to electronic scanning in the early 1930s and refined the system to a high degree. Before he died in 1946, Baird was drafting plans for a television with 1,000 lines of resolution and he had earlier patents for television with up to 1,700 lines of resolution using interlacing technology. The world would not catch up with him until 1990 when the Japanese introduced a TV with 1125 lines of resolution per frame.", "Baird based his television on the work of Paul Nipkow, a German scientist who patented his ideas for a complete television system in 1884. Nipkow likewise used a rotating disk with holes in it to scan images, but he never achieved more than the crudest of shadowy pictures. Various inventors worked to develop this idea, and Baird was the first to achieve easily discernible images. In 1928, Baird made the first overseas broadcast from London to New York over phone lines and in the same year demonstrated the first color television.", "Video: Who invented the television? How people reacted to John Logie Baird's creation 90 years ago - Telegraph", "<LI> The Baird Television Website <LI> Baird on DigitalCentury.com <LI> Mechanical TV: Baird Television <LI> Baird bio on BBC site <LI> John Logie Baird biography at BFI Screenonline <LI> How to build a Baird televisor - also contains many detailed references to Baird's history <LI> John Logie Baird - Gizmohighway Technology Guide <LI> Narrow Bandwidth Television Association <LI> Phonovision <LI> Blog describing many missing UK Television programmes - containing entries about Baird 30 line and 240 line broadcasts <LI> John Logie Baird biography at Virtual Scotland </LI>", "In 1927, the Scotsman had already transmitted a long-distance television signal between Glasgow and London. This was the precursor to him establishing his own company, the Baird Television Development Company Ltd., which holds the distinction of producing the first transmission across the Atlantic from London to New York in 1928. It also made the first television program for the BBC. Baird’s television systems were used by the BBC until 1937, when they decided to switch to an electronic television system that was created by EMI-Marconi. Even though mechanical television systems had been relegated due to the more popular electronic systems, Baird still contributed to the newer medium. He both demonstrated and patented a system of 3-D television that had a definition of 500 lines in 1941, and he also performed the world’s first demonstration of a television display that was completely electronic in 1944.", "Across the ocean, there was another inventor obsessed with inventing the first working television. John Baird sent what he called �pictures by wireless� in 1923, and then sent and received the first wireless television signal two years later. In 1928, he became the first person to broadcast live images across the", "1923 � 26th July - John Logie Baird made his first patent application, No 222,604, for a system of transmitting views, portraits and scenes by telegraphy or wireless telegraphy.", "Television was inverted by john baird in 27th january 1926 during the same the same year those events took place", "On August 26 2014 the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) announced that John Logie Baird has been inducted to their Honor Roll. This is welcomed by the Baird family because it marks a significant US recognition of Baird, who has been briefly dismissed by some American television historians. The SMPTE citation reads as follows:", "This site provides information not only on Baird and his life's work, but also on other pioneers of television and the development of the television industry to the present day. The What's New section is on recent events, anniversaries, publications etc. concerning Baird. The Contents list gives access to a gallery of longer articles, some of which go back to the early 1920s. At the end of Contents are the Links to information about other prominent figures in the history of television and excellent other websites on television history." ]

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[ "- Latter-day Saint singer Gladys Knight sang the title song for the James Bond movie \"License to Kill.\"", "Licence to Kill is the theme song of the Bond film of the same name. It was written by Narada Michael Walden, Jeffrey Cohen, and Walter Afanasieff. The song was performed by the legendary \"Empress of Soul\", Gladys Knight .", "Initially Eric Clapton and Vic Flick were asked to write and perform the theme song to Licence to Kill . The theme was said to have been a new version based on the James Bond Theme . The guitar riff heard in the original recording of the theme was played by Flick. [1]", "Initially Vic Flick, who had played lead guitar on Monty Norman's original 007 theme, and Eric Clapton were asked to write and perform the theme song to Licence to Kill and they produced a theme to match Dalton's gritty performance, but the producers turned it down and instead Gladys Knight's song and performance was chosen. The song (one of the longest to ever be used in a Bond film) was based on the \"horn line\" from Goldfinger, seen as an homage to the film of the same name, which required royalty payments to the original writers. The song gave Knight her first British top-ten hit since 1977. The end credits feature the Top 10 R&B hit \"If You Asked Me To\", sung by Patti LaBelle. ", "Initially Eric Clapton and Vic Flick were asked to write and perform the theme song to Licence to Kill.[citation needed] The theme was said to have been a new version based on the James Bond Theme . The guitar riff heard in the original recording of the theme was played by Flick.", "James Bond \"Licence To Kill\" 007 Theme song by Gladys Knight from the Official 1989 Soundtrack Starring Timothy Dalton. Album Score by Michael Kamen.", "The prospect, however, fell apart and Gladys Knight 's song and performance was chosen, later becoming a Top 10 hit in the United Kingdom. The song was composed by Narada Michael Walden , Jeffrey Cohen and Walter Afanasieff , based on the \"horn line\" from Goldfinger , which required royalty payments to the original writers. [2] At five-minutes twelve seconds it is the longest Bond theme. The music video of \" Licence to Kill \" was directed by Daniel Kleinman , who later took over the reins of title designer from Maurice Binder for the 1995 Bond film, GoldenEye .", "For Licence to Kill (Bond no.16) Barry wasn't available for health reasons but he is also reported to have said that he was growing tired of Bond. The producers hired composer Michael Kamen who had created very successful action scores for \"Die Hard\" and \"Lethal Weapon\", and had a track record of successful collaborations with Rock artists such as on \"Pink Floyd The Wall\" and \"Highlander\" where he wove Queen's \"Who Wants To Live Forever\" into the score. The title song however was written for Gladys Night by Narada Michael Walden, Jeffrey Cohen and Walter Afanasieff, and fits well into the Bond mould and serves the film nicely. Michael Kamen was not involved in any of the film's main songs, but uses the Bond Theme and various Bondisms throughout the score. He is also happy to introduce several new elements including a Spanish guitar (which fits well with the Central American scenes) and castanets in the track \"Pam\". Unfortunately the soundtrack album seems to be missing significant parts of Kamen's score and his contribution is sometimes undervalued for this reason. Dalton delivers a gritty realism in his on-screen performance and Kamen's score is equally gritty and realistic. Musically and visually this is a much more serious Bond.", "March 8th 2016 Cologne Germany Nina Nyembwe Cover Song License to Kill - James Bond theme song - Gladys Knight Sound - www.martingerke.de Video ...", "The title track was first performed by Anthony Newley, who wrote the lyrics to John Barry's music (this \"jazz\" version was later released on the \"The Best Of James Bond – 30th Anniversary Limited Edition\" album). Shirley Bassey recorded the version used in the film on 20th August 1964. The original mono version of the commercially released single can now be found on the album \"Goldsinger - The Best of Shirley Bassey\", along with the common stereo version.", "A Bond film staple are the theme songs heard during their title sequences sung by well-known popular singers (which have included Tina Turner, Paul McCartney and Wings, Sheryl Crow and Tom Jones, among many others). Shirley Bassey performed three themes in total. After Doctor No, On Her Majesty's Secret Service is the only Bond film with a solely instrumental theme, though Louis Armstrong 's ballad \"We Have All the Time in the World\", which serves as Bond and his wife Tracy's love song and whose title is Bond's last line in the film, is considered the unofficial theme. Likewise, although the credit sequence to From Russia with Love features an instrumental version of the film's theme, another version, with lyrics sung by Matt Monro, can be partially heard within the film itself, and is featured on the film's soundtrack album.", "In 1989, after the release of the James Bond theme song \"Licence to Kill\", from the film of the same title, it was felt to significantly reuse important elements of \"Goldfinger\", and so the songwriting credits for the former were adapted for all subsequent releases.", "Die Another Day is the theme song of the Bond film of the same name. The song was written and produced by the legendary pop star Madonna and Mirwais Ahmadzaï. It was performed by Madonna.", "The James Bond film series from Eon Productions has had numerous signature tracks over the years, many of which are now considered classic pieces of film music. The best known of these pieces of music is the ubiquitous \"James Bond Theme.\" Other instrumental pieces, such as the \"007 Theme\" or \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\", and various songs, such as Shirley Bassey's \"Goldfinger\", Paul McCartney's \"Live and Let Die\" or Carly Simon's \"Nobody Does It Better\", Sheena Easton's \"For Your Eyes Only\" and Duran Duran's \"A View to a Kill\" have also become identified with the series. \"Skyfall\" from Skyfall won the Academy Award for Best Song making it the first Bond song to do so. ", "The Man with the Golden Gun is the theme song for the Bond film of the same name. The song was composed by John Barry and Don Black and performed by British pop star Lulu .", "Writing a James Bond theme isn’t as easy as it looks, as Madonna proved with Die Another Day in 2002 – though to be fair she had Mirwais to write with, whereas Duran Duran had John Barry. Barry and the Durans apparently hated each other, though they managed to sit at the piano together long enough to achieve a Golden Globe for best original song and take a 007 theme to the top of the US charts for the first and only time. It stands as a triumph over adversity, like so much of what Duran Duran did in the mid-80s, and A View to a Kill joins a select bunch of truly great Bond songs. It had all come about when a drunken John Taylor had approached Bond film producer Cubby Broccoli at a party and asked him when he was going to get “someone decent” to record the theme song. Taylor’s manifesto from the start had been to attain “cars, girls and money”, so recording a Bond theme was in keeping. Roger Taylor walked out not long after the single came out, in an amicable departure. Andy Taylor soon followed, though his parting would be far more acrimonious.", "Jack White of The White Stripes and Alicia Keys collaborated on \"Another Way to Die,\" the first Bond music duet. They had wanted to work together for two years beforehand. The song was recorded in Nashville, Tennessee; White played the drums while Keys performed on the piano. The Memphis Horns also contributed to the track. White's favourite Bond theme is John Barry's instrumental piece for On Her Majesty's Secret Service, and he watched various opening credit sequences from the series for inspiration while mixing the track. Mark Ronson and Amy Winehouse had recorded a demo track for the film, but Ronson explained Winehouse's well-publicised legal issues in the preceding weeks made her \"not ready to record any music\" at that time. ", "The James Bond series of films from EON Productions has had numerous signature tunes over the years, many of which are now considered classic pieces of cinematic music. The best known of these pieces of music is the ubiquitous \" James Bond Theme .\" Many other pieces of instrumental music have also become identified with the series, such as \"The 007 Theme\", \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\" theme, and various songs such as Shirley Bassey 's \" Goldfinger \", \" Diamonds Are Forever \", and \" Moonraker \", Duran Duran 's \" A View To A Kill \", Nancy Sinatra 's \" You Only Live Twice \", Paul McCartney 's \" Live and Let Die \", Tina Turner 's \" GoldenEye \", Carly Simon 's \" Nobody Does it Better \", Garbage 's \" The World Is Not Enough \", Sheena Easton 's \" For Your Eyes Only \" and Madonna 's \" Die Another Day \"\".", "The soundtrack to Licence to Kill, the 16th James Bond film of the same name, was released by MCA Records in 1989. Because the usual James Bond ...", "Paul McCartney and his wife Linda wrote the title theme for the 1973 Bond movie \"Live and Let Die.\" McCartney's band Wings performed the song, which became one of the group's most successful singles. It was certainly the most successful Bond song at the time. After six films with Sean Connery, this edition starred Roger Moore as the quintessential agent.", "Nobody Does it Better was the theme song to the Bond film entitled The Spy Who Loved Me . The song was written by Marvin Hamlisch and Carole Bayer Sager. It was performed by Carly Simon , who rose to fame in the 1970s with several hit records.", "Born in Wales, Bassey experienced moderate success in the U.K. before officially crossing over in 1965 when she sang the theme song for the third Bond movie, \"Goldfinger.\" The first theme of the series to incorporate a vocal track, the song set the standard for the franchise's title sequences. The song rose on the U.S. charts, eventually peaking at #8, but the album eventually topped the charts. The popularity of Bassey's first theme led to her singing on two more title tracks: \"Diamonds Are Forever,\" which Kanye West later sampled, and \"Moonraker.\"", "\"Live and Let Die\" is the main theme song of the 1973 James Bond film Live and Let Die, written by Paul and Linda McCartney and performed by Paul's band Wings. It was one of the group's most successful singles, and the most successful Bond theme to that point, charting at No. 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and No. 9 on the UK Singles Chart.", "The first Bond film to feature a cameo by the performer who sings the theme song.", "The notion of the James Bond title song didn’t begin until the second James Bond feature (From Russia with Love in 1963), but it has been a stable staple of the series ever since, and sometime along the way, audiences began anticipating the title tune almost as much as seeing the movie itself. Which hot new pop star would be active and classy enough to tackle Bond? ", "James Bond - GoldenEye Opening Theme - sung by Simmi ( Orig. Tina Turner ) Opener", "Is the first American singer to perform the title song of a James Bond film ( You Only Live Twice (1967)).", "In 1974 she performed the title song in the James Bond movie The Man with the Golden Gun. Two slightly different versions of the song were used, at the start and end respectively – the end song actually name-checking James Bond.", "He wrote the theme song for the 1963 James Bond film From Russia with Love. His other hits include: \"Do You Mind?\" (recorded by both Anthony Newley and Andy Williams), \"Big Time\" (a 1961 cover by Jack Jones of his \"Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be\" show tune), \"Easy Going Me\" (Adam Faith) and \"Always You And Me\" (with Russ Conway).", "\"The Man with the Golden Gun\" by John Barry & Don Black - sung by Lulu", "The theme song to \" The Man With The Golden Gun \" was performed by Scottish singer Lulu, composed by John Barry , and the lyrics were written by Don Black.", "This is the theme song to the movie An Officer And A Gentleman. It won the Oscar for Best Original Song in 1983." ]

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[ "\"Black or White\" is a single by American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson. The song was released by Epic Records on November 11, 1991 as the first single from Jackson's eighth studio album, Dangerous. It was written, composed and produced by Michael Jackson and Bill Bottrell.", "Moving forward to the later stages of Jackson’s career, “Black or White” was from the Dangerous album, released as the first single in 1991. The song was harder than some of Jackson’s earlier music and was hugely successful. It reached the number one spot on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in just three weeks, giving Jackson a number one hit in three different decades.", "\"Black or White\" was written, composed and produced by Michael Jackson and Bill Bottrell, and was picked as the first single from the album Dangerous. An alternate version was first heard by Sony executives on a plane trip to Neverland, as the third track of the promotional CD acetate. It began to be promoted on radio stations the first week of November 1991 in New York and Los Angeles. \"Black or White\" was officially released one week later, on November 5, 1991. The song has elements of dance, rap and hard rock music such as Bill Bottrell's guitars and Jackson's vocal style. This song is played in the key of E major, with Jackson's vocal spanning from E3 to B4, and its tempo is measured at 115 BPM. ", "The eighth child of the Jackson family , Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie , Tito , Jermaine , and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5 , and began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. His music videos , including those of \" Beat It \", \" Billie Jean \", and \" Thriller \" from his 1982 album Thriller , are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool. The popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame. Jackson's 1987 album Bad spawned the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles \" I Just Can't Stop Loving You \", \" Bad \", \" The Way You Make Me Feel \", \" Man in the Mirror \", and \" Dirty Diana \", becoming the first album to have five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. He continued to innovate with videos such as \" Black or White \" and \" Scream \" throughout the 1990s, and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk , to which he gave the name. His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres.", "The lead single from Dangerous, the danceable hard rock song \"Black or White\" was one of Jackson's most successful recordings. [271] [272] [273] It contains many features of Jackson's vocal style, including the vocal hiccup he is known for.", "On November 14, 1991, Michael released the first single & short film from the Dangerous album, called â Black or Whiteâ. For the 11 minute short film, Michael again asked John Landis to direct. The film also starred Macaulay Culkin, Peggy Lipton & George Wendt. The film cost an estimated $4 million to generate & included wonderful dancing & special effects. The â Black or Whiteâ short film was of the earliest films to employ the method of morphing to change face to another at the finish of the clip.The debut of the short film was shown in 27 countries simultaneously & viewed by about 500 million people; the largest audience to ever view a music video.", "In March 1991, Jackson renewed his contract with Sony for $65 million, a record-breaking deal at the time,[157] displacing Neil Diamond 's renewal contract with Columbia Records .[158] In 1991, he released his eighth album, Dangerous , co-produced with Teddy Riley .[159] Dangerous was certified seven times platinum in the U.S., and by 2008 had sold approximately 30 million copies worldwide.[160][161] In the United States, the album's first single \" Black or White \" was its biggest hit, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and remaining there for seven weeks, with similar chart performances worldwide.[162] The album's second single, \" Remember the Time \", spent eight weeks in the top five in the United States, peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.[163] At the end of 1992, Dangerous was awarded the best-selling album of the year worldwide and \"Black or White\" was awarded best-selling single of the year worldwide at the Billboard Music Awards. Jackson also won an award as best-selling artist of the 1980s.[164] In 1993, he performed the song at the Soul Train Music Awards in a chair, saying he had suffered an injury in rehearsals.[165] In the UK and other parts of Europe, \" Heal the World \" was the album's most successful song; it sold 450,000 copies in the UK and spent five weeks at number two in 1992.[163]", "*In 2011, Brooklyn hip hop group Das Racist released a music video for their song, titled \"Michael Jackson\", parodying the \"Black or White\" video. The song is features on the group's album Relax. ", "In 1991, Jackson released Dangerous, featuring the hit \"Black or White.\" The video for this song, directed by Landis, included an appearance by child star Macaulay Culkin . In the video's final minutes, Jackson caused some controversy with his sexual gesturing and violent actions. Many were surprised to see the Peter Pan-like Jackson act in this manner.", "Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American recording artist, entertainer and businessman. The seventh child of the Jackson family, he made his debut onto the professional music scene in 1968 at the age of 11 as a member of The Jackson 5. He then began a solo career in 1971 while still a member of the group. Referred to as the \"King of Pop\"[2] in subsequent years, his 1982 album Thriller remains the world's best-selling album of all time[3] and four of his other solo studio albums are among the world's best-selling records: Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991) and HIStory (1995).", "The Clivillés & Cole remixes for \"Black or White\", released as a promotional single in 1992, also charted on many European countries. In the UK, it reached number 14, and in Ireland, number 11. The promotional single also surprisingly peaked at number 18 in Australia. Despite the favourable European response to this remix, it was never included on a Michael Jackson album or compilation, except on the third disc of the French & UK versions of Jackson's greatest hits album King of Pop.", "In February 1993, Jackson was given the \"Living Legend Award\" at the 35th Annual Grammy Awards in Los Angeles. \"Black or White\" was Grammy-nominated for best vocal performance. \"Jam\" gained two nominations: Best R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B Song.[163] The Dangerous album won a Grammy for Best Engineered – Non Classical, awarding the work of Bruce Swedien and Teddy Riley.[77] In the same year, Michael Jackson won three American Music Awards for Favorite Pop/Rock Album (Dangerous), Favorite Soul/R&B Single (\" Remember the Time \"), and was the first to win the International Artist Award of Excellence, for his global performances and humanitarian concerns.[172][173]", "Michael Joseph Jackson was born August 29, 1958, the seventh child of the Jackson family. He made his professional debut at the age of 11 as a member of The Jackson 5 and began a solo career in 1971 while still a member of the group. Hailed as the \"King of Pop\" in subsequent years, five of his solo studio albums have become among the world's best-selling records: \"Off the Wall\" (1979), \"Thriller\" (1982), \"Bad\" (1987), \"Dangerous\" (1991) and \"HIStory\"(1995). An early star of MTV and the art of making pop videos, Michael broke down racial barriers, transformed the art of the music video and paved the way for modern pop music. 2008 marked the 25th anniversary of the \"Thriller\" album with the release of the double-disc album \"Thriller 25\", containing the original nine tracks from \"Thriller\", re-mixes and a new song called \"For All Time\". The album reached number one in eight countries, number two in the US, number three in the UK and was top 10 on over 30 national charts. To celebrate Michael's 50th birthday, Sony BMG released a compilation album, \"King of Pop\" which featured tracks voted for by his fans.", "1991: Michael Jackson’s ‘Black Or White’ tops the pop chart. Slash plays the song’s guitar intro.", "Jackson renewed his deal with Sony -- the corporation that purchased Epic/CBS -- in 1991 and then set to work on his next album. This time, he decided to part ways with Quincy Jones , choosing to work with a variety of collaborators, chief among them Teddy Riley , who helped usher Michael into the realm of New Jack Swing. \"Black or White,\" the album's first video, caused some controversy, which helped generate initial press and sales and sent the single to number one. \"Remember the Time\" and \"In the Closet\" also made it into the Billboard Top 10 in early 1992, but subsequent singles \"Jam\" and \"Heal the World\" stalled in the low 20s, while \"Who Is It\" made it to 14. Jackson 's period of massive success was starting to end and, as it did, Jackson entered a rough personal period. In 1993, a 13-year-old boy accused Jackson of molestation. Over the next two years, the case played out in public and in the justice system, eventually settling out of court for undisclosed terms in 1995; no charges were ever filed. During all this, Jackson married Lisa Marie Presley in May of 1994; their marriage lasted just 19 months.", "A call to racial unity that practiced what it preached by seamlessly combining classic-rock swagger and R&B drive, “Black or White” is the best song Jackson recorded during the Nineties. “I thought his rock stuff up to that point had been kind of cartoonish,” said Bill Bottrell, who co-wrote and co-produced the song. Its Stones-y riff came from Jackson, who hummed it to Bottrell one day in the studio. “I turned it into a Southern-rock thing, a real gutbucket tune,” Bottrell recalled. Jackson also came up with the idea for the hard-hitting rhythm track. “I set about adding loads of percussion, including cowbells and shakers,” Bottrell said, “trying to get a swingy sort of groove.” Rather than call in a top hip-hop MC, Jackson let Bottrell handle the consciousness-raising rap on the song’s bridge. But it is Jackson’s incisive vocals that make the song, a tour de force of pop polish and raw energy. The performance was actually a scratch vocal. But Jackson – a sonic perfectionist who constantly rerecorded undeniably excellent takes – knew it was good enough to keep as is.", "“Black or White” remains one of Michael’s most iconic short films. In 1998, VH1 ranked the “Black or White” premiere No. 47 on its list of 100 Greatest Rock N’ Roll Moments on TV, one of six moments featuring Michael. Three years later, in 2001, VH1 named “Black or White” the 38th greatest music video of all time, one of five of Jackson’s short films on the chart including “Thriller,” “Billie Jean,” “Beat It,” and “Scream.”", "253. ^ Jeans (1993). \"Peligroso regreso\". Michael Jackson: Un mito indescifrable (in Spanish). Revista Jeans. p. 7. \"En \"Black or white\" Michael Jackson solicitó la participación del guitarrista de Guns N' Roses, Slash, para darle a esta canción de hard rock una línea más agresiva, además cuenta con la participación de Tim Pierce en la guitarra heavy metal; y el resultado es una mezcla de hard rock, dance y rap\"", "Starting with Michael Jackson: Black or White (1991), Jackson and his record company refer to his music videos, before or since, as \"short films,\" never \"videos\".", "Bad is the seventh album by Michael Jackson. It was released on August 31, 1987 by Epic/CBS Records. The record was released nearly five years after his last studio album Thriller. 20 years after its release, the album has sold over 30 million copies worldwide, and shipped 8 million units in the United States. Bad is the first, and currently only album ever to feature five Billboard Hot 100 #1 singles.", "The opening guitar was first recorded at Michael Jackson's Encino home. \"That piece of music, the beginning part that Slash plays on, was recorded at Michael's house,\" confirmed co-writer Bill Bottrell. \"Michael asked me to dig it out of the vault in August of 1989. He had in mind to use it as the intro to Black or White - it took a long time before we got Slash on it.\"", "1991: Michael Jackson begins a seven-week run at No. 1 on the singles chart with \"Black or White.\"", "In October 2001, Invincible was released [43] and debuted at number-one in thirteen countries. [31] The singles released from the album include \" You Rock My World \", \" Cry \", and \" Butterflies \". Jackson and 35 other artists recorded a charity benefit single entitled \" What More Can I Give \" which was never released. Just before the release of Invincible, Jackson informed the head of Sony Music Entertainment, Tommy Mottola , that he was not going to renew his contract; [44] the contract was about to expire in terms of supplying the label with albums of full-new material for release through Epic Records / SME . In 2002, all singles releases, video shootings and promotions concerning the Invincible album were cancelled. As a result of this, Jackson made allegations about Mottola not supporting its African-American artists. [44] Jackson referred to Mottola as a \"devil\" and a \"racist\" who used black artists for his own personal gain. [44] He cited that Mottola called Jackson's colleague Irv Gotti a \"fat nigger \". [45] [46] Sony issued a statement stating that they found the allegations strange, since Mottola was once married to biracial pop star Mariah Carey . Carey herself seemed nonchalant about Jackson's claims when asked about them by Larry King on Larry King Live . [47]", "As the first Michael Jackson short film of the 1990s, “Black or White” was hotly anticipated. MTV, VH1, BET and FOX simultaneously premiered the full-length version of the short film on American television on November 14, 1991. (The broadcast achieved FOX’s highest Nielsen ratings ever.) Another 27 countries broadcast the short film at the same time, reaching a global audience of 500 million—a Guinness World Record for a music video premiere.", "In 1995, Jackson merged his Northern Songs catalog with Sony's publishing division creating Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Jackson retained half-ownership of the company, earned $95 million upfront as well as the rights to even more songs.[46][97] He then released the double album HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I. The first disc, HIStory Begins, was a 15-track greatest hits album, and was later reissued as Greatest Hits – HIStory Vol. I in 2001, the second disc, HIStory Continues, contained 15 new songs. The album debuted at number one on the charts and has been certified for seven million shipments in the US.[98] It is the best-selling multiple-disc album of all-time, with 20 million copies (40 million units) sold worldwide.[74][99] HIStory received a Grammy nomination for best album.[100]", "In 1995, Jackson merged his ATV Music catalog with Sony’s music publishing division creating Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Jackson retained half-ownership of the company, earned $95 million upfront as well as the rights to even more songs. He then released the double album HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I. The first disc, HIStory Begins, was a 15-track greatest hits album, and was later reissued as Greatest Hits: HIStory, Volume I in 2001, while the second disc, HIStory Continues, contained 13 new songs and 2 cover versions. The album debuted at number one on the charts and has been certified for seven million shipments in the US. It is the best-selling multiple-disc album of all-time, with 20 million copies (40 million units) sold worldwide. HIStory received a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year.", "The MTV Video Vanguard Artist of the Decade Award was given to Jackson to celebrate his accomplishments in the art form in the 1980s; the following year the award was renamed in his honor. [94] \" Black or White \" was accompanied by a controversial music video, which, on November 14, 1991, simultaneously premiered in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million people, the largest viewing ever for a music video. [93] It featured scenes construed as having a sexual nature as well as depictions of violence. The offending scenes in the final half of the 14-minute version were edited out to prevent the video from being banned, and Jackson apologized. [265] Along with Jackson, it featured Macaulay Culkin , Peggy Lipton and George Wendt . It helped usher in morphing as an important technology in music videos. [266]", "1991: Michael Jackson begins a four-week run at No. 1 on the album chart with \"Dangerous.\"", "He received the MTV Video Vanguard Award in 1988 and the MTV Video Vanguard Artist of the Decade Award in 1990 to celebrate his accomplishments in the art form in the 1980s; in 1991 the first award was renamed in his honor. \"Black or White\" was accompanied by a controversial music video, which, on November 14, 1991, simultaneously premiered in 27 countries with an estimated audience of 500 million people, the largest viewing ever for a music video at that time. It featured scenes construed as having a sexual nature as well as depictions of violence. The offending scenes in the final half of the 14-minute version were edited out to prevent the video from being banned, and Jackson apologized. Along with Jackson, it featured Macaulay Culkin, Peggy Lipton, and George Wendt. It helped usher in morphing as an important technology in music videos. ", "Jackson throughout his career transformed the art of the music video and paved the way for modern pop music. Daily Telegraph writer Tom Utley described Jackson in 2003 as \"extremely important\" and a \"genius.\"[276] For much of his career, he had an \"unparalleled\" level of worldwide influence over the younger generation through his musical and humanitarian contributions.[128] Jackson's music and videos, such as Thriller, fostered racial diversity in MTV's roster, helped to put the relatively new channel into public awareness, and steered the channel's focus from rock to pop music and R&B, shaping the channel into a form that proved enduring. Jackson's work continues to influence numerous hip hop, rock, pop and R&B artists, including Beyoncé,[277] Mariah Carey,[278] Usher,[279] Green Day,[280] Britney Spears,[278] Madonna,[281] Justin Timberlake,[140] Ludacris.[282]", "Jackson throughout his career transformed the art of the music video and paved the way for modern pop music. Daily Telegraph writer Tom Utley described Jackson in 2003 as \"extremely important\" and a \"genius.\" [274] For much of his career, he had an \"unparalleled\" level of worldwide influence over the younger generation through his musical and humanitarian contributions. [126] Jackson's music and videos, such as Thriller, fostered racial diversity in MTV's roster, helped to put the relatively new channel into public awareness, and steered the channel's focus from rock to pop music and R&B , shaping the channel into a form that proved enduring. Jackson's work continues to influence numerous hip hop , rock , pop and R&B artists, including Beyoncé , [275] Mariah Carey , [276] Usher , [277] Green Day , [278] Britney Spears , [276] Madonna , [279] Justin Timberlake , [138] Ludacris . [280]", "\"Billie Jean\" by Michael Jackson was the first video to air on MTV by a black artist." ]

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[ "The letter \"I\" was changed into the letter \"J\" forming a new letter. The sound of the new letter is \"Ja\" having the soft \"g\" sound whereas the letter \"G\" has the Ga sound. There is a distinction between the sound of the letters \"J\" and \"G\" although at times they may sound alike.", "G, J, T, J, J, J, A, M, W, J, J, Z, M, F, J, ?", "A, J, B, C, G, T, C, V, J, T, D, F, K, B, H, ?", "And, still referring to Fig. 2, the font position occupied by the tilde [ ~ ], which is in the shift position of the single quote mark, might be replaced with the exclamation j comma. The replaced caret and tilde are of little use for composing type anyway, since they are not useful as such for human language, but rather are intended for computer telecommunication coding. In any case, a keyboard operator using the IBM PC keyboard layout (or, e.g., apparatus operated by software) equipped with a font structured as described above and as shown in Fig. 3, may access, for display, printing, communication, storage, etc. purposes, the question ? comma by activating the shift of the number 6 key, and the exclamation J comma may be accessed by activating the shift position of the single quote mark, as s/he (another sign of our times) accesses other punctuation, such as the question mark which is the shift of the diagonal key, or the exclamation mark which is the shift of the number 1 key.", "next, (i=2). Keypad[2] = \"ABC\" but the letter is E (and it isn't in \"ABC\") so nothing here", "*Inline G – the standard position of the left-hand G (third-finger) key – in line with the first and second keys.", "It is usually labeled (rarely, or is seen) on keyboards which use English abbreviations for key labeling. Abbreviations in the language of the keyboard layout also are in use. e.g. the German layout uses as required by the German standard DIN 2137:2012-06. Also, there is a standardized keyboard symbol (to be used when Latin lettering is not preferred), given in ISO/IEC 9995-7 as symbol 26, and in ISO 7000 “Graphical symbols for use on equipment” as symbol ISO-7000-2028. This symbol is encoded in Unicode as U+2388 (⎈).", "“Ge” in “genious.” This letter isn’t really used much because ? is usually used for J sounds.", "The letter A is pressed on the keyboard. At the same time the right wheel N is being advanced by one step. This action ensures that a new alphabet is being used for every keystroke.", "à-è-ù: Press option and type \"`\" key (left-hand side, top of the keyboard). Release both keys and type \"e\", \"a\", or \"u\".", "Use Right Alt + 5 to access the ? symbol. (at least that's how it works on all British keyboards that I've used)", "They are extended ASCII character set ranging from 128~255, you can type those by pressing alt key + number on numeric pad then release.", "2) While pressing \"CTRL + SHIFT + u\", type on the keypad \"25\", which is the hexadecimal value of the letter or symbol \"%\" in ASCII table.", "One interesting kink in this theory is that many European keyboards have an additional punctuation key to the left of [Z] (aka [Y], in QWERTZ). I’d be very interested to know if European touch-typists thus do type the key in the [Z] position with their ring finger.", "U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,929,216 and 3,945,482 to H. Einbinder disclose alternative designs of keyboards in which the letters and numbers are arranged in a different manner than the standard Qwerty keyboard. These patents disclose keys for the right and left hand which are separated from each other so that the typist can have the forearms extending parallel to each other with the fingers resting at their normal positions on the keys rather than inclined towards each other as with the standard keyboard. These patents also disclose keyboards with keys for depression by the thumbs for operating letters as well as the functional keys such as the space bar on the conventional keyboard. Special code keys are arranged between the spaced sets of keys for the two hands.", "ogonek on a,e,i,o,u by ALTGR/SHIFT/slash, then the letter. The above refers to precomposed accented characters, but you can also use combining accents: type the letter first, then the accent dead-key, then press Space. This may extend the repertoire further on some systems. (If you just want the accent and no letter, type the accent then full stop.)", "A variety of extra typographic characters are provided using ALTGR in conjunction with other keys. They include single and double high-6 and high-9 quotes, but not en-dash, em-dash, ellipsis or bullet. The ring-above accent is supported on certain letters. The ALTGR/letter combinations used for some of the typographic characters will not work for applications which assign short-cut menu functions to ALTGR/letter keys. Some of the keystrokes require the simultaneous depression of three keys, which does not satisfy international keyboard standards (ISO/IEC 9995).", "Many older typewriters do not have a separate symbol for 1 and use the lowercase l instead. It is possible to find cases when the uppercase J is used, while it may be for decorative purposes.", "This keyboard uses a standard Arabic arrangement. English symbols are marked by black lettering on the left side of keys, Arabic symbols are marked by black lettering on the right side of keys.", "2)  (2L) 2 points_ A computer ____________is a peripheral partially modelled after the typewriter keyboard. These devices are designed for the input of text and characters and also to control the operation of a computer. Physically, computer keyboards are an arrangement of rectangular buttons, or \"keys\". _____________ typically have characters engraved or printed on the keys; in most cases, each press of a key corresponds to a single written symbol. However, to produce some symbols requires pressing and holding several keys simultaneously or in sequence; other keys do not produce any symbol, but instead affect the operation of the computer or the keyboard itself.", "The standardized keyboard symbol for the Alt key (which may be used when the usual Latin lettering “Alt” is not preferred for labelling the key) is given in ISO/IEC 9995-7 as symbol 25, and in ISO 7000 “Graphical symbols for use on equipment” as symbol ISO-7000-2105. This symbol is encoded in Unicode as U+2387 (⎇).", "6. The computer keyboard of claim 1 wherein the set of letter keys have vowel keys that are a first color and consonant keys which are a second color.", "Note: For clarity in the QWERTY diagram below, the space key has been shown on the bottom row. As a double key it is in fact closer to the main group.", "Which symbol appears on a computer keyboard on the '7' key, just above the number itself?", "\"On a standard QWERTY computer keyboard, what is the only vowel not to appear in the top row of letters?\"", "A keyboard is an arrangement of buttons that each correspond to a function, letter, or number. They are the primary devices used for inputting text. In most cases, they contain an array of keys specifically organized with the corresponding letters, numbers, and functions printed or engraved on the button. They are generally designed around an operators language, and many different versions for different languages exist.", "The core section of a keyboard comprises character keys, which can be used to type letters and other characters. Typically, there are three rows of keys for typing letters and punctuation, an upper row for typing digits and special symbols, and the on the bottom row. The positioning of the character keys is similar to the keyboard of a typewriter.", "separate indicating areas, each one associated with one of said keys and positioned proximate to each key in said format for selectively displaying a proper symbol associated with said key and indicative of a character to be provided by said key according to said keyboard arrangements, each said separate indicating area including a transparent window positioned proximate said straight top edge of said associated key;", "Without knowing it you use it all the time, every time you use a computer system, but if all you need is to get some of the characters not included in your keyboard should do the following, for example:", "Why aren''t the letters on a computer keyboard in alphabetical order? | Notes and Queries | guardian.co.uk", "The keyboard disclosed can be used as a computer keyboard which will also enable a rapid change of symbols while permitting the operator to view the symbols for each different format through the respective windows.", "To type an accented or alternate version of a character, hold a key down until its alternate characters are displayed. " ]

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[ "General Motors (GM) was founded on September 16, 1908, in Flint, Michigan, as a holding company for Buick, then controlled by William C. Durant, and acquired Oldsmobile later that year. The next year, Durant brought in Cadillac, Elmore, Oakland (later known as Pontiac) and several others. In 1909, General Motors acquired the Reliance Motor Truck Company of Owosso, Michigan, and the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company of Pontiac, Michigan, the predecessors of GMC Truck. Durant lost control of GM in 1910 to a bankers' trust, because of the large amount of debt taken on in its acquisitions coupled with a collapse in new vehicle sales. A few years later, Durant would start the Chevrolet Motor car company and through this he secretly purchased a controlling interest in GM. Durant took back control of the company after one of the most dramatic proxy wars in American business history. Shortly after, he again lost control for good after the new vehicle market collapsed. Alfred Sloan was picked to take charge of the corporation and led it to its post war global dominance. This unprecedented growth of GM would last through the late 70's and into the early 80's.", "General Motors was formed by the merger of several Detroit automotive concerns and became and remained the largest domestic auto manufacturer in the late 1920's.", "The history of General Motors (GM), one of the world's largest car and truck manufacturers, reaches back more than a century and involves a vast scope of industrial activity around the world, mostly focused on motorized transportation and the engineering and manufacturing that make it possible. Founded in 1908 as a Holding Company for McLaughlin and Buick Stocks and allied in 1919, in Flint, Michigan, as of 2012 it employs approximately 202,000 people around the world. With global headquarters at the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, United States, GM manufactures its cars and trucks in 35 countries. In 2008, 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands. The GM automotive brands today are Vauxhall, Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, Opel, and Wuling. Former GM automotive brands include McLaughlin, Oakland, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Hummer, Saab, and Saturn.", "General Motors Corporation (GM) (NYSE:GM) of Detroit, Michigan, USA, is the world's second largest automaker. Founded in 1908, GM today employs about 266,000 people around the world.", "On September 16, 1908, Buick Motor Company head William Crapo Durant spends $2,000 to incorporate General Motors in New Jersey. Durant, a high-school dropout, had made his fortune building horse-drawn carriages, and in fact he hated cars–he thought they were noisy, smelly, and dangerous. Nevertheless, the giant company he built would dominate the American auto industry for decades.", "The company was formed on September 16, 1908, in Flint, Michigan, as a holding company for McLaughlin Car Company of Canada Limited and Buick, then controlled by William C. Durant. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were fewer than 8,000 automobiles in America, and Durant had become a leading manufacturer of horse-drawn vehicles in Flint before making his foray into the automotive industry. GM's co-founder was Charles Stewart Mott, whose carriage company was merged into Buick prior to GM's creation. Over the years, Mott became the largest single stockholder in GM, and spent his life with his Mott Foundation, which has benefited the city of Flint, his adopted home. GM acquired Oldsmobile later that year. In 1909, Durant brought in Cadillac, Elmore, Oakland, and several others. Also in 1909, GM acquired the Reliance Motor Truck Company of Owosso, Michigan, and the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company of Pontiac, Michigan, the predecessors of GMC Truck. Durant, along with R. S. McLaughlin, lost control of GM in 1910 to a bankers' trust, because of the large amount of debt taken on in its acquisitions, coupled with a collapse in new vehicle sales.", "The company was formed on September 16, 1908, in Flint, Michigan, as a holding company for McLaughlin Car Company of Canada Limited and Buick, then controlled by William C. Durant. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were fewer than 8,000 automobiles in America, and Durant had become a leading manufacturer of horse-drawn vehicles in Flint before making his foray into the automotive industry. GM's co-founder was Charles Stewart Mott, whose carriage company was merged into Buick prior to GM's creation. Over the years, Mott became the largest single stockholder in GM, and spent his life with his Mott Foundation, which has benefited the city of Flint, his adopted home. GM acquired Oldsmobile later that year. In 1909, Durant brought in Cadillac, Elmore, Oakland, and several others. Also in 1909, GM acquired the Reliance Motor Truck Company of Owosso, Michigan, and the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company of Pontiac, Michigan, the predecessors of GMC Truck. Durant, along with R. S. McLaughlin, lost control of GM in 1910 to a bankers' trust, because of the large amount of debt taken on in its acquisitions, coupled with a collapse in new vehicle sales. ", "General Motors Company (NYSE: GM, TSX: GMM.U), commonly known as GM, formerly incorporated (until 2009) as General Motors Corporation, is an American multinational automotive corporation headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, and the world's largest automaker, by vehicle unit sales, in 2011. GM employs 202,000 people and does business in some 157 countries.…", "General Motors was founded by William C. Durant on September 16, 1908 as a holding company after a 15-year contract with the McLaughlin's of Canada. Initially, GM held only the Buick Motor Company, but it rapidly acquired more than twenty companies including Oldsmobile, Cadillac, and Oakland, now known as Pontiac. Durant signed a 15-year contract in Canada with the exchange of 500,000 shares of Buick stock for 500,000 shares of McLaughlin Stock. Dr. Campbell, Durant's son-in-law, put 1,000,000 shares on the stock market in Chicago Buick (then controlled by Durant).", "Henry M. Leland then established the Cadillac School of Applied Mechanics, the first school to train machinists, technicians and toolmakers. And on August 28th, 1907, in Pontiac, Michigan, the Oakland Motor Car Company, predecessor to Pontiac Motors, was founded by Edward M. Murphy. Under Billy Durant's leadership, General Motors Company was founded on September 16, 1908. That year the Buick Motor Company, then Oldsmobile, were bought out by the growing GM.", "David Dunbar Buick incorporated his company as the Buick Motor Company on May 19, 1903, in Detroit, Michigan. In March, 1904, the company was purchased by Benjamin Briscoe, who quickly sold it to James H. Whiting (1842–1919), owner of Flint Wagon Works, in Flint, Michigan. Whiting moved Buick to Flint that summer, to a location across the street from his factory, with the idea of adding Buick's engines to his wagons. David Buick stayed on as a manager, and re-hired Walter Marr as chief engineer. The engine Buick and Marr developed for this automobile was a 2-cyinder valve-in-head engine of 159 cubic inches, with each cylinder horizontal and opposed to each other by 180 degrees. Whiting built only a few automobiles in 1904, by bringing Buick engines across the street where his workers shoehorned them into his wagons, before running out of capital, causing him to bring in William C. Durant that year as controlling investor. Durant was co-owner, also in Flint, of the Durant-Dort Carriage Company, which was the largest carriage-making company in the country. Durant spent the next 4 years turning Buick into the biggest-selling automobile brand in the US. David Buick sold his stock upon departure in 1906, and died in modest circumstances 25 years later. In 1907, Durant agreed to supply motors to R. S. McLaughlin in Canada, an auto maker, and in 1908 he founded General Motors. ", "The Ford Motor Company (usually called Ford), is an American multinational corporation that manufactures automobiles . The automaker was founded by Henry Ford in Dearborn, Michigan, United States (where the company is currently headquartered), and incorporated in 1903. In its twentieth century heyday, Ford, along with General Motors and Chrysler , were known as Detroit's \"Big Three\" automakers, companies that dominated the American auto market. Toyota surpassed Ford in revenue starting in 2004. Ford remains one of the world's ten largest corporations by revenue. when ford made the mustang they wanted it to have speed so they made them small fast and durrable.", "The journey of General Motors (GM) can be traced back to 1887 when Ransom E. Olds started the Olds Motor Vehicle Company Inc., (OMVC) in Michigan, USA, and started selling vehicles under the Oldsmobile brand. In May 1903, Buick Motor Company (Buick) was incorporated by David Dunbar Buick and Buick started manufacturing and selling vehicles by 1907. Despite having a good start and selling 6,500 vehicles per year between 1901 and 1908, OMVC started to face severe competition from other major automobile companies like Buick, Cadillac Automobile Company 3 (Cadillac), and Oakland Motor Car Company 4 (OMCC).", "The company was founded in 1903 by David Dunbar Buick, a Scottish industrialist. He built his first car in 1904; called the Model B, it had a two-cylinder engine with an advanced-for-its-time overhead-valve cylinder head design. In 1907, Buick unveiled its first four-cylinder production car, dubbed the Model D. The following year, the Flint, Michigan-based Buick Motor Company was bought by William C. Durant as part of a new company called General Motors. By 1914, all Buick cars were built with six-cylinder engines and purchased primarily by upper-class professionals, thus earning the nickname \"doctor's cars.\"", "To local Detroiters and throughout the United States, the name Pontiac holds many meanings. Most know about the name of the now discontinued General Motors automobile. A quick Google search of “Pontiac” reveals, first, the General Motors brand and, then, the city Pontiac, Michigan. The third “Pontiac” subject that emerges is the Odawa war chief who helped stage an epic battle against the British in 1763. Perhaps it sounds bizarre to state the obvious, but Pontiac the man, the historical figure, preceded the vehicle and the city. On the eve of an auto revolution, Detroiters in the late nineteenth and early part of the twentieth century knew about Pontiac the historical figure, in the form of “Pontiac’s conspiracy.”", "Olds Motor Vehicle Company, Inc., the oldest unit of General Motors Corporation, was organized in 1887 by Ransom E. Olds with $50,000 of capital (5,000 shares of stock at $10 per share). On May 8, 1899, shortly after the appearance of the world's first Oldsmobile, Olds Motor Vehicle Lansing merged (with $500,000 capital) to form Olds Motor Works. The new auto company then constructed its first factory in Detroit, Michigan , specifically for the manufacture of premier U.S. automobiles.", "David Dunbar Buick was born at 26 Green Street, Arbroath. He emigrated to the USA with his parents at the age of two. Although he founded the Buick Manufacturing Company which later became General Motors, it was William C. Durant who grew the company.", "In 1970 a group of business leaders formed Detroit Renaissance to address questions of Detroit's future. The following year the group, restructured under chairman Henry Ford II, announced plans for construction of the Renaissance Center, the world's largest privately financed project, as a symbol of the new Detroit. In 1996 General Motors Corporation purchased the Renaissance Center for its new global headquarters.", "GM's headquarters are in the Renaissance Center in Detroit , Michigan .  General Motors is the world's largest vehicle manufacturer and employs over 340,000 people. In 2001 , GM sold 8.5 million vehicles through all its branches. In 2002 , GM sold 15 percent of all cars and trucks in the world. They also owned Electronic Data Systems from 1984 to 1996 and, prior to selling it to News Corporation , DirecTV . GM owned Frigidaire from 1918 to 1979 .", "The General Motors Corporation was established in 1908 by William C. Durant, who combined the Buick, Oldsmobile, and Oakland companies and, later, Cadillac, to form GM. From the 1920s onwards, GM grew from a firm that accounted for about 10% of new car sales in the U.S. to become the largest producer of cars and trucks in the world. The peak of the company's power and market dominance came in the 1960s, which proved to be the decade of change for the U.S. auto industry. With the introduction of federal safety regulations and control tailpipe emissions, GM's position as the world's largest industrial corporation changed. Its marketing strategy was undone by competitive challenges, and the business was never to be the same again. General Motors: A Photographic History explores the growth of the company in a series of over 200 black-and-white images. From the first assembly line to post-Second World War recovery, images from the world auto shows and the consequent re-organization of GM take the reader on an intriguing visual tour of a tremendously important era in the industrialization of America.", "By 1929, General Motors boasted manufacturing facilities and branch sales offices in Shanghai, China; Copenhagen, Denmark; Antwerp, Belgium; Luton, England; S�o Paulo, Brazil; Buenos Aires, Argentina; Malaga, Spain; Paris, France; Berlin, Germany; Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Melbourne, Perth, Sydney, Brisbane, and Adelaide, Australia; Petone, New Zealand; Kobe and Osaka, Japan; and Alexandria, Egypt.", "Oldsmobile (1897) became part of GM in 1908. The following year, in 1909, General Motors acquired Cadillac (1902), Elmore (1893), Oakland (1907), plus some others. Note: The date in brackets indicating when the company was formed.", "*Buick – named for its founder, David Dunbar Buick. The company was the original focal point for General Motors, established in 1908 as a holding company for Buick plus other companies acquired by William C. Durant. Buick survives to this day as a GM brand.", "The Buick Motor Company was founded in 1903 by David Dunbar Buick, a Scottish-American inventor who invented the overhead valve engine. If you didn't recognize the name, you're not alone - but remember this: Buick, a high school drop out founded a company that later became the world's largest auto company, General Motors.", "In the US, the General Motors Corporation is formed. It includes the Buick Company, Oldsmobile, Oakland and Cadillac.", "The Flint factories were soon called The Arsenal of Democracy. The Buick complex, once GM's largest factory, formed the base of wartime mass production.", "Pontiac is a brand of automobiles first produced in 1926, and sold in the United States, Canada and Mexico by General Motors (GM), marketed as an “athletic” brand specializing in mainstream performance vehicles.", "\"General Motors opened nineteen assembly facilities in fifteen overseas countries between 1923 and 1928,\" said its chairman Frederic Donner in 1967. \"By 1929, over 70 percent of the GM cars and trucks exported from North America were shipped as parts and components for assembly overseas.\" Even after GM bought Vauxhall (1925) and Opel (1929), GM Continental also assembled those makes locally to take advantage of the lower tariffs on imported parts.", "In 1927 and for the first time, GM sold more vehicles than Ford. But a few years later, business took a terrific hit during the Great Depression. In 1932, General Motors manufactured 75% less cars than in 1929, and Buick even completely closed its doors in 1930.", "Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.", "The Cadillac Division of General Motors demonstrates the first electric self-starter, enabling women to drive alone. Charles Kettering created the first successful electric self-sterterfor Cadillac.", "Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production . His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. He was a prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S. patents ." ]

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[ "Jaime Ramón Mercader del Río, a Spanish communist and agent for Russia’s notorious NKVD intelligence agency, murdered Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky in Mexico City in 1940 under orders from Joseph Stalin.", "Leon Trotsky, byname of Lev Davidovich Bronshtein (born November 7 [October 26, Old Style], 1879, Yanovka, Ukraine , Russian Empire—died August 21, 1940, Coyoacán , Mexico), communist theorist and agitator, a leader in Russia ’s October Revolution in 1917, and later commissar of foreign affairs and of war in the Soviet Union (1917–24). In the struggle for power following Vladimir Ilich Lenin ’s death, however, Joseph Stalin emerged as victor, while Trotsky was removed from all positions of power and later exiled (1929). He remained the leader of an anti-Stalinist opposition abroad until his assassination by a Stalinist agent.", "Trotsky was a Bolshevik  revolutionary and Marxist theorist. He was expelled from the Communist Party and was eventually assassinated in Mexico by a Soviet agent in August of 1940.", "Leon Trotsky was a Russian revolutionary and Marxist theorist. In October 1917, Trotksy and Vladimir Lenin led the Bolshevik Revolution that eventually helped form the Soviet Union. In the years that followed, Trotsky founded and led the Red Army, and was an original member of the Politburo, the Soviet governing body. As a leading leftist and political contrarian, Trotksy was eventually banished from Russia and assassinated on the order of Premier Joseph Stalin, his biggest political and ideological rival.", "Leon Trotsky , a personal political enemy of Stalin and his most bitter international critic, killed in Mexico City in 1940;", "Leon Trotsky, a personal political enemy of Stalin and his most bitter international critic, killed in Mexico City in 1940;", "A key figure in the creation of the Soviet Union, Leon Trotsky was later unseated and expelled by that nation's leader, Joseph Stalin . As a young man Trotsky became a disciple of Karl Marx and a friend of future Bolshevik leader V.I. Lenin . A powerful writer and political thinker, Trotsky used his pen to oppose the rule of Czar Nicholas II . As a result, Trotsky spent much of his adult life in prison or in foreign exile, writing for communist newspapers and journals. He was Lenin's right-hand man in the 1917 revolution that deposed the czar, and he became commissar of war (1918-25) and organized the victorious Red Army in the civil war that followed. After the formation of the Soviet Union and then Lenin's death in 1924, Trotsky lost out in a power struggle with Stalin. Trotsky was exiled to Kazakhstan in 1927 and expelled to Turkey in 1929. In 1937 Trotsky settled in Mexico at the behest of artist Diego Rivera . He was assassinated at his villa in 1940 by a probable agent of Stalin, Ramon Mercader, who posed as a friend of Trotsky's and then killed him with the blow of an ice axe to his head.", "Lev Davidovich Bronstein — better known to the world as Leon Trotsky — died on August 21, 1940, in Coyoacan, Mexico. One could think that the name of this Russian revolutionary would have come to my ears in my contemporary history classes in my first year of high school here in Cuba.", "* Leon Trotsky, a personal political enemy of Stalin and his most bitter international critic, killed in Mexico City in 1940;", "ON 20 AUGUST, 1940, Leon Trotsky was struck a fatal blow with an ice-pick by Ramon Mercader, an agent sent to Mexico by Stalin's secret police (the GPU) to murder the exiled revolutionary.", "Picture taken 26 May 1940 in Mexico City showing the exiled Russian communist...Picture taken 26 May 1940 in Mexico City showing the exiled Russian communist leader Leon Trotsky (L) talking with a reporter after an attempted assassination at his suburban Mexico City home. Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) was president of the St Petersburg Soviet in 1905, played a major role in the October Revolution and was commissar for war during the civil war (1917-1922). The founder of the Red Army was assassinated by Stalin's agent Ramon Mercader in Mexico 20 August 1940. LessMore", "     In Mexico City, exiled Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky is fatally wounded in the back of the head with an ice-axe by Ram�n Mercader, a Spanish Communist and probably an agent of Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin.", "Trotsky settled in Mexico in 1936. On 20 August 1940, an assassin called Ramon Mercader, acting on Stalin's orders, stabbed Trotsky with an ice pick, fatally wounding him. He died the next day.", "Picture taken 26 May 1940 in Mexico City showing a crudely-fashioned bomb left...Picture taken 26 May 1940 in Mexico City showing a crudely-fashioned bomb left behind by the 20 men who attempted assassination of the exiled Russian communist leader Leon Trotsky at his suburban Mexico City home. Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) was president of the St Petersburg Soviet in 1905, played a major role in the October Revolution and was commissar for war during the civil war (1917-1922). The founder of the Red Army was assassinated by Stalin's agent Ramon Mercader 20 August 1940. LessMore", "Exiled Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky is fatally wounded by an ice-ax-wielding assassin at his compound outside Mexico City. The killer–Ramón Mercader–was a Spanish communist and probable agent of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. Trotsky died from his wounds the next day.", "Leon Trotsky, a leader of the Bolshevik revolution and early architect of the Soviet state, is deported by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin to Alma-Ata in remote Soviet Central Asia. He lived there in internal exile for a year before being banished from the USSR forever by Stalin.", "Leon Trotsky was born Lev Daviddovich Bronstein in 1879 in a small town in Ukraine. From humble beginnings, Trotsky went on to be a leader in the first Russian Revolution and became one of  Lenin’s top officials. After Lenin’s death Trotsky spoke out strongly against the new communist vision of Stalin, and he was exiled from the country in 1929. Trotsky finally found political asylum in Mexico City in 1937 where the politician settled just outside the city in Coyoacán and made his home.", "Leon Trotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein on 7 November 1879, in Yanovka or Yanivka, in the Kherson governorate of the Russian Empire (now Bereslavka, in the Ukraine), a small village 15 mi from the nearest post office. He was the fifth of eight children of well-to-do farmers, David Leontyevich Bronstein (1847–1922) and his wife Anna Lvovna (née Zhivotovskaya) (1850–1910). The family was of Jewish origin but reportedly not religious. The language they spoke at home was Surzhyk, a mixture of Russian and Ukrainian. Trotsky's younger sister, Olga, who also grew up to be a Bolshevik and a Soviet politician, married the prominent Bolshevik Lev Kamenev.", "Lev (Leon) Davidovich Bronstein (Trotsky) (1879-1940) a Jewish Russian is expelled from the USSR by Iosif Vissarionovich aka Joseph Stalin (1879-1953), a Socialist.", "Exiled from the Soviet Union after losing a power struggle with Stalin over who was to become Lenin's successor, Trotsky was brutally assassinated in 1940 .", "During the 1930s and 1940s, the Soviet leadership sent NKVD squads into other countries to murder defectors and other opponents of the Soviet regime. Victims of such plots included Yevhen Konovalets , Ignace Poretsky , Rudolf Klement, Alexander Kutepov , Evgeny Miller , Leon Trotsky and the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification ( POUM ) leadership in Catalonia (e.g., Andreu Nin ). [55]", "Leon Trotsky Museum. Coyoacán This was the house where Trotsky lived in exile during the last 1.5 years of his life, and was murdered by one of Stalin's agents. Guided tours are provided by members of the Workers/ Revolutionary Party. ", "Towards the end of his Turkish exile, Trotsky suffered a cruel blow when his daughter, Zinaida, ill and demoralised, was driven to suicide in Berlin. Her husband, Platon Volkov, a young opposition militant, was arrested and disappeared forever. Trotsky's first wife, Alexandra Sokolovskaya, the woman who first introduced him to socialist ideas, was sent to a concentration camp where she died. Later Trotsky's son, Sergey, a scientist with no political interests or connections, was arrested on a trumped-up charge of 'poisoning the workers'�and Trotsky later learned that he had died in prison. Alongside his morbid fear of ideas, \"the motive of personal revenge has always been a considerable factor in the repressive policies of Stalin.\" ('Diary in Exile', p.66)", "During the 1930s and 1940s, the Soviet leadership sent NKVD squads into other countries to murder defectors and other opponents of the Soviet regime. Victims of such plots included Yevhen Konovalets, Ignace Poretsky, Rudolf Klement, Alexander Kutepov, Evgeny Miller, Leon Trotsky and the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) leadership in Catalonia (e.g. Andreu Nin). ", "[C] 1926 - Samuel Schwartzbard, a young Jewish anarchist poet and watchmaker, assassinates Simon Petliura (Petlyura) in Paris in revenge for the Ukraine pogroms of 1919-1920 against Jews (directed by Petliura, a rightwing nationalist and former Hetman of Ukrainian armies) and the murder of his own family members.", "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov; 22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924) was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He served as the leader of the Russian SFSR from 1917, and then concurrently as Premier of the Soviet Union from 1922, until his death. Politically a Marxist, his theoretical contributions to Marxist thought are known as Leninism, which coupled with Marxian economic theory have collectively come to be known as Marxism–Leninism.", "Leon Trotsky died on this date in 1940.  Here is something I posted about two and a half years ago:", "Lev (Leon) Davidovich Bronstein (Trotsky) (1879-1940) a Jewish Russian is deported to Western Siberia where he escaped.", "Trotsky acted as Commissar of Foreign Affairs and later Commissar of Military and Naval Affairs. He was among the first members of the Politburo. Trotsky is best known as the founder of the Red Army, as well as his criminal role in the Holodomor genocides against Europe.", "Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky (,; 4 May 1881 – 11 June 1970) was a Russian lawyer and politician who served as the second Minister-Chairman of the Russian Provisional Government between July and November 1917. A leader of the moderate-socialist Trudoviks faction of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, Kerensky was a key political figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917. On 7 November, his government was overthrown by the Vladimir Lenin-led Bolsheviks in the October Revolution. He spent the remainder of his life in exile, in Paris and New York City, but was buried in London.", "Alexander Kerensky (4 May [O.S. 22 April] 1881 – 11 June 1970) was a major political leader before and during the Russian Revolutions of 1917.", "In the 1860s, a Russian revolutionary organization of Narodniki (“close to the people”, populists) appeared, lead by a party called Land and Liberty. Its supporters of the political struggle against autocracysplit off as a party called Narodnaya Volya (People’s Will) and were keen to kill the Emperor. They made seven thwarted attempts on his life, but the eighths one of March 1, 1881 resulted in Alexander’s fatal wounding. His consequent death was taken by many as a national catastrophe." ]

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[ "\"A World Without Love\" is a song recorded by the English duo Peter and Gordon and released as their first single in February 1964. It was included on the duo's debut album in the UK, and in the US on an album of the same name. The song was written by Paul McCartney and attributed to Lennon–McCartney. The B-side was \"If I Were You\", written by Peter and Gordon. ", "Peter and Gordon were a British pop duo, comprising Peter Asher (b. 1944) and Gordon Waller (1945–2009), who achieved international fame in 1964 with their first single, the million-selling transatlantic No.1 smash \"A World Without Love.\" The duo had several subsequent hits in the so-called British Invasion-era.", "Peter & Gordon were a British Invasion-era performing duo, formed by Peter Asher and Gordon Waller, that rocketed to fame in 1964 with \"A World Without Love\". Peter Asher's sister (the actress Jane Asher) was dating Paul McCartney (of The Beatles), and so Peter & Gordon recorded several songs written by McCartney, with or without John Lennon. \"I Go To Pieces\" was written by Del Shannon and given to the duo after the two acts toured together", "Peter and Gordon had not only the songwriting of McCartney on their side but also great timing. That’s because “World” caught Beatlemania during a brief interlude where the band itself had no product. When the Beatles broke in America in early 1964, they dominated the Hot 100 like no artist before or since. One week in April, famously, they held down the entire Top 5 ; at various points that spring they held up to 14 spots on the chart. The week in May that “A World Without Love” debuted on the chart, the Beatles still occupied multiple berths—two slots in the Top 5 that week, and four out of the Top 12.", "gordon waller (1/2 of '60's british pop stars \"peter and gordon\"/\"a world without love\" (written by \"paul mccartney\")/\" i go to pieces\", \"lady godiva\" and others) (2009) ", "Probably the most celebrated duo in pop folk music, Simon and Garfunkel, were the essence of harmony. The duo's voices are definitely one of the most cherished sounds of the '60s. Their harmonizing game, where their voices sang complementary melodies that were joined by rhythm, phrasing and tone, all blending into a new melody, was truly supernatural. Influenced by the Beatles, the sounds of English folk music and the sweet harmonies of the Everly Brothers, Simon and Garfunkel continually expanded their horizons. With Simon's deft use of acoustic guitar, beautiful lyrics and Garfunkel's falsetto, a Simon and Garfunkel song was a masterpiece, assisted by state of the art production.", "Simon & Garfunkel are an American singer-songwriter duo consisting of Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel. They formed the group Tom & Jerry in 1957, and had their first taste of success with the minor hit \"Hey, Schoolgirl\". As Simon & Garfunkel, the duo rose to fame in 1965, backed by the hit single \"The Sound of Silence\". Their music was featured in the landmark film The Graduate, propelling them further into the public consciousness.", "Simon & Garfunkel is an American singer-songwriter duo consisting of Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel. They formed the group \"Tom and Jerry\" in 1957, and had their first taste of success with the minor hit \"Hey, Schoolgirl.\" As Simon and Garfunkel, the duo rose to fame in 1965, backed by the hit single \"The Sound of Silence.\" Their music was featured in the landmark film The Graduate, propelling them further into the public consciousness.", "Artists include: Buffalo Springfield (4/8/67): \"For What Its Worth,\" \"Mr. Soul.\" The Cyrkle (4/22/67): \"Turn Down Day.\" The Association (9/5/67): \"Never My Love.\" Ravi Shankar (9/5/67): \"Evening Raga.\" Annette Funicello (9/12/67): \"Promise Me Anything.\" Spanky & Our Gang (9/19/67): \"Makin Every Minute Count.\" The Grass Roots (12/5/67): \"Lets Live For Today.\" Boyce & Hart (12/12/67): \"I Wanna Be Free,\" The Last Train to Clarksville,\" \"I Wonder What Shes Doing Tonight.\" Dino, Desi & Billy (2/10/68): \"My What a Shame.\" Merry Go Round (3/16/68): \"Live,\" \"Listen, Listen.\" The Hollies (3/23/68): \"Jennifer Eccles.\" The Beatles (3/30/68): \"Lady Madonna\" promo film. Every Mothers Son (4/20/68): \"Put Your Mind at Ease.\" Janis Joplin & Big Brother and the Holding Company (10/26/68): \"Summertime,\" \"I Need a Man to Love.\" Spanky & Our Gang (11/2/68): \"Give a Damn,\" \"Yesterdays Rain.\" Aretha Franklin (11/2/68): \"I Say a Little Prayer.\" Donovan (11/9/68): \"Jennifer Juniper,\" \"Lalena.\" Donovan with Sergio Mendes (11/9/68): \"There is a Mountain.\" The Bee Gees (11/23/68): \"Massachusetts,\" \"Ive Gotta Get a Message to You.\" Marvin Gaye (1/11/69): \"I Heard it Through the Grapevine.\" Sweetwater (10/11/69): \"Motherless Child.\" The Youngbloods (11/22/69): \"Get Together,\" \"Sunlight.\" The Brooklyn Bridge (1/17/70): \"Hes Not a Happy Man.\"", "The most popular stars of the 1960s were The Beatles, four young men from Liverpool, England, with singer-songwriters John Lennon (1940-1980) and Paul McCartney (born 1942) in the lead. They brought the art of creating catchy pop and rock melodies to a new height. During the later 1960s they became entangled with and championed many radical ideologies and also the use of narcotics, which became very widespread from the late 1960s onwards. Much of the popular music of the period was easily accessible and perhaps easily forgotten, although some of the leading artists, among them the American singer-songwriter and poet Bob Dylan (born 1941), could display more lasting melodic and lyrical qualities.", "Ike & Tina Turner were an American rock & roll and soul duo, made of the husband-and-wife team of Ike Turner and Tina Turner in the 1960s and 1970s. Spanning sixteen years together as a recording group, the duo played among its repertoire, rock & roll, soul, blues and funk. They are known for their wild and entertaining dance shows and especially for their scintillating cover of \"Proud Mary\", for which they won a Grammy Award. The duo were inducted to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 1991.", "In terms of number-one singles, The Beatles were the most successful group of the decade having seventeen singles reach the top spot. The longest duration of a single at number-one was eight weeks and this was achieved on three occasions: \"It's Now or Never\" by Elvis Presley in 1960; \"Wonderful Land\" by The Shadows in 1962 and \"Sugar, Sugar\" by The Archies in 1969. The Beatles' song \"She Loves You\" became the best-selling single of all time in 1963, a record it held until 1977 when band member Paul McCartney's new band, Wings, surpassed it with \"Mull of Kintyre\". \"She Loves You\" was the best-selling song of the decade and one of fourteen songs believed to have sold over one million copies in the 1960s. ", "The song is also featured on Tom Clay's 1971 \"What the World Needs Now Is Love/Abraham, Martin, and John\", a medley combining Dion's recording with Jackie DeShannon's recording of Burt Bacharach's \"What the World Needs Now Is Love\", along with vocals by The Blackberries. Clay's recording features narration (an adult asking a child to define several words associated with social unrest), sound bites from speeches given by President John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, and Martin Luther King, Jr., along with sound bites from the live press coverage of Robert Kennedy's assassination, and his eulogy by his brother Edward M. Kennedy. It reached No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart[11] on August 14, 1971 and #32 on the R&B charts.[12] In 1997, Whitney Houston sang a rendition of \"Abraham, Martin and John\" that aired on VH1 and HBO: Whitney Houston: Live Washington DC.", "In the spring of 1957, the irresistible harmonizing of the Everly Brothers broke through in a big way, when “Bye Bye Love” soared to #2 on the pop charts, topped the country charts, and even managed to reach #5 on the R&B charts. It was the first of 15 Top 10 hits Don and Phil Everly would enjoy over the next five years, including the #1 singles “Wake Up Little Susie,” “All I Have To Do Is Dream,” “Bird Dog,” and “Cathy’s Clown.” They still hold the record for the most Top 100 singles by a duo (35). In 1986, they deservedly became among the first inductees into The Rock ‘n’ Roll Hall of Fame.", "From the beginning of its history, the trio displayed an uncanny ear for great songs and songwriters -- Stookey had steered Grossman to Bob Dylan before many people in Greenwich Village had even heard of him. And in early 1962, before their debut album had even been released, the Kingston Trio had picked up a then-new Pete Seeger song, \"Where Have All the Flowers Gone,\" from one of the group's live performances and had a hit with it. During the years 1965-1966, Peter, Paul and Mary gave the first serious airings to the music of Gordon Lightfoot (\"For Lovin' Me\"), Laura Nyro (\"And When I Die\"), and John Denver (\"For Baby (Goes Bobbie)\"), interspersed with the occasional unrecorded Dylan tune, such as \"When the Ship Comes In\" and \"Too Much of Nothing.\" Their sales might not have matched the chart-soaring days of 1963, but the albums had the class, beauty, and substance to stand the test of time.", "Among the hits they scored in their native country are \"No, No, No\" (1965), \"Love Was on Your Mind\", \"Poetry in Motion\", \"Alex Is the Man\" (1966), \"I'm Thinking Of You\" (1965), \"Strolling Along\", and \"Runaway\" (1968). The group's 1969 hit \"Let's Dance\", a cover of the Chris Montez song, reached #92 on the Billboard Hot 100.[1]", "in 1966 - Mike Millward dies at age 23. UK rhythm guitarist, singer; in the late 50's he played with Bob Evans and the Five Shillings, which become \"The Vegas Five\", then \"The Undertakers\", after which he was an original member the Four Jays in 1961. In the summer of 1963, the group, now called The Fourmost - signed up with Brian Epstein. This led to their being auditioned by George Martin and signed to EMI's Parlophone record label. Their first two singles were written by John Lennon. \"Hello Little Girl\", one of the earliest Lennon songs dating from 1957. Their follow-up single, \"I'm in Love\" a Lennon/McCartney song, was released on 15 November 1963. Their biggest hit \"A Little Loving\", written by Russ Alquist, reached Number 6 in the UK Singles Chart in mid 1964. The band appeared in the 1965 film, Ferry Cross the Mersey and are on the soundtrack album of the same name. The group's only album, First and Fourmost, was released in September 1965 (taken ill with throat cancer in '64, he recovered from that only to be struck down by leukaemia)", "Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons was one of the most popular groups of the 1960s and scored 30 Billboard Top 40 hits. In 1990, the group was inducted into the Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame. Their hit songs include “Sherry,” “Big Girls Don’t Cry,” “Walk Like a Man,” “My Eyes Adore You,” “Can’t Take My Eyes Off of You,” and “December ’63 (Oh What a Night).”", "\"Without You\" is a song written by Pete Ham and Tom Evans of Welsh rock group Badfinger, and first released on their 1970 album No Dice. The song has been recorded by over 180 artists, and versions released as singles by Harry Nilsson (1971) and Mariah Carey (1994) became international best-sellers. Paul McCartney once described the ballad as \"the killer song of all time\". ", "The Beatles off the top of the Billboard Hot 100 chart with \"Hello, Dolly! \", which gave the 63-year-old performer a U.S. record as the oldest artist to have a number one song. His 1964 song \"Bout Time\" was later featured in the film Bewitched .", "Their first single in 1963 was a cover of Chuck Berry's 'Come On' which they never played live despite it reaching number 21 on the UK singles charts. Their first UK concert tour was supporting Bo Diddley, Little Richard and The Everly Brothers. At the same time, they released second single Lennon and McCartney's 'I Wanna Be Your Man' which reached number 12 and third single Buddy Holly's 'Not Fade Away' reached number 3. Their first number 1 hit in the UK was a cover of Bobby and Shirley Womack's 'It's All Over Now'.", "They are well known for their vocal harmonies and were among the most popular recording artists of the 1960s. Their biggest hits - including \"The Sound of Silence\" (1964), \"I Am a Rock\" (1965), \"Homeward Bound\" (1965), \"Scarborough Fair/Canticle\" (1966), \"A Hazy Shade of Winter\" (1966), \"Mrs. Robinson\" (1968), \"Bridge over Troubled Water\" (1969), \"The Boxer\" (1969), and \"Cecilia\" (1969) - peaked at number one in several charts. They have received several Grammys and were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 and the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in 2007.", "Incredibly, Ham and Evans are often overlooked as songwriters because of the Beatles connections, though if ever their talents needed proving one needs look no further than the song 'Without You' which they wrote for the 'No Dice' album (often cited as their best) and became a massive international hit (and UK #1) for the late Harry Nilsson in 1972. It was subsequently reissued in 1976 and 1994 achieving positions 22 & 47 respectively.", "\"All You Need Is Love\" is a song by the Beatles that was released as a non-album single in July 1967. It was written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon–McCartney. The Beatles performed the song as Britain's contribution to Our World, the first live global television link. Watched by over 400 million in 25 countries, the program was broadcast via satellite on 25 June 1967. \"All You Need Is Love\" is a song by the Beatles that was released as a non-album single in July 1967. It was written by John Lennon and credited to Lennon–McCartney. The Beatles performed the song as Britain's contribution to Our World, the first live global television link. Watched by over 400 million in 25 countries, the program was broadcast via satellite on 25 June 1967.", "One of the Walker Brothers, a pop group that enjoyed chart success in the mid-1960s, has died at the age of 67.", "The 1967 album Wild Honey , regarded by many critics as a classic, features exuberant upbeat songs written by Brian and Mike, including the hit \" Darlin '\", and a cover of Stevie Wonder 's \" I Was Made to Love Her \". Friends (1968) is a quiet, tuneful, and largely acoustic album, influenced by the group's adoption of the practice of transcendental meditation. The title single, however, backed by Dennis' songwriting debut Little Bird , was their least successful since 1962. This was followed by the single \" Do It Again \", a return to their earlier \"fun in the sun\" style, which was moderately successful in the US, but went to #1 in the UK.", "86. “My World Is Empty Without You / I Hear A Symphony” – The Afghan Whigs. Originally performed by The Supremes.", "1968 saw two major hits, \"World\" and \"I Gotta Get a Message to You\". These are the band's golden years before any of their unforgettable disco hits.", "by • Artists - C , Music - 1950s , Music - 1960s • Tags: Soul music", "Who had a #1 hit single with the song, Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds ? Back in the sixties, these teams had something in common.  What was it?", "Well, there we are then. So who had a worldwide hit with the song What A Wonderful World?", "Well, there we are then. So who had a worldwide hit with the song What A Wonderful World? " ]

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[ "Tennessee Williams was born Thomas Lanier Williams III in Columbus, Mississippi, in 1911. His friends began calling him Tennessee in college, in honor of his Southern accent and his father’s home state. Williams’s father, C.C. Williams, was a traveling salesman and a heavy drinker. Williams’s mother, Edwina, was a Mississippi clergyman’s daughter prone to hysterical attacks. Until Williams was seven, he, his parents, his older sister, Rose, and his younger brother, Dakin, lived with Edwina’s parents in Mississippi.", "Tennessee Williams, a major twentieth-century U.S. playwright, was born Thomas Lanier Williams on March 26, 1911, in Columbus, Mississippi. Williams began writing as a child, publishing in junior high and high school publications. He continued publishing as he pursued his bachelor's degree, which he did leisurely, attending three different undergraduate institutions between 1929 and 1938. He decided to focus his creative energies primarily on drama during this period, although he wrote poetry, short stories, and novels throughout his life.", "Tennessee Williams was born Thomas Lanier Williams in Columbus, Mississippi, on March 26, 1914, the second of three children of Cornelius and Edwina Williams. His father, a traveling salesman, was rarely home and for many years the family lived with his mother's parents.", "Tennessee Williams was born Thomas Lanier Williams on March26, 1911 in Columbus, Mississippi. He was the second of three children of Cornelius Coffin and Edwina Dakin Williams. His early childhood was troubled with illnesses that left Tennessee a terminal hypochondriac throughout the rest of his life. He turned to writing as a method of escaping the unhappiness that surrounded him. His first published work was a response to an essay question that appeared in Smart Set magazine in 1927.", "Williams was born in Mississippi in 1911 and lived there with his family until he was seven. Thomas Lanier Williams, who became \"Tennessee,\" absorbed much of his creative material from this Mississippi home place. Many of his ancestors were distinguished Tennesseans, a fact in which he took considerable pride. Although he grew to maturity in St. Louis, it was to the South that he continually returned in his memory and in his imagination. It was in New Orleans and Key West that he chose to spend a large part of his later years.", "Thomas Lanier “Tennessee” Williams III was born on 26 March 1911, in Columbus, Mississippi, the second child of Cornelius Coffin (1879-1957) and Edwina (Dakin) Williams (1884-1980). He had two siblings, sister Rose Isabel Williams (1909–1996) and brother Walter Dakin Williams (1919–2008). His father, Cornelius Williams, was a shoe salesman and an emotionally absent parent. His mother, Edwina, was the daughter of a Southern Episcopal minister.", "Thomas Lanier Williams was born in Columbus, Mississippi, in 1911, to a family biographers compare to the dysfunctional ones in his plays. In 1931, Williams entered the University of Missouri, where his college roommate nicknamed him “Tennessee” and where he decided to become a playwright after seeing a production of Henrik Ibsen’s Ghost. By age 24, the workaholic Williams had suffered a nervous breakdown, though he eventually graduated from the University of Iowa. ", "At the age of sixteen Williams published his first story. The next year he entered the University of Missouri but left before taking a degree. He worked for two years for a shoe company, spent a year at Washington University (where he had his first plays produced), and earned a bachelor of arts degree from the State University of Iowa in 1938, the year he published his first short story under his literary name, Tennessee Williams.", "In 1936 Williams enrolled at Washington University in St. Louis where he wrote the play Me, Vashya (1937). By 1938 he had moved on to University of Iowa, where he completed his undergraduate degree and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in English. He later studied at the Dramatic Workshop of The New School in New York City. Speaking of his early days as a playwright and referring to an early collaborative play called Cairo, Shanghai, Bombay!, produced while he was a part of an amateur summer theater group in Memphis, Tennessee, Williams wrote, \"The laughter ... enchanted me. Then and there the theatre and I found each other for better and for worse. I know it's the only thing that saved my life.\" Around 1939, he adopted \"Tennessee Williams\" as his professional name.", "Richard Freeman Leavitt is the editor/compiler of The World of Tennessee Williams and the compiler of the photographs and the genealogical chart for Lyle Leverich's Tom: The Unknown Williams. He lives in the Great North Woods region of New Hampshire.", "When young Tom Williams was 17, the family moved to St. Louis, where it existed in reduced circumstances during the Great Depression. It was a \"setting\" that would influence his first masterpiece, \"The Glass Menagerie.\" He went to the University of Missouri-Columbia for his higher education, where his fraternity brothers gave Ham the nickname \"Tennessee\" due to his deep southern accent. Later, he transferred to Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri but did not take his degree until he was 28 years old, from the University of Iowa, where he matriculated in the school's writing program. Before attending Iowa, Williams led an itinerant life, including some time as a hobo wandering California and Mexico.", "Born Thomas Lanier Williams in Columbus, Mississippi in 1911, Tennessee was the son of a shoe company executive and a Southern belle. Williams described his childhood in Mississippi as happy and carefree. This sense of belonging and comfort were lost, however, when his family moved to the urban environment of St. Louis, Missouri. It was there he began to look inward, and to write— “because I found life unsatisfactory.” Williams’ early adult years were occupied with attending college at three different universities, a brief stint working at his father’s shoe company, and a move to New Orleans, which began a lifelong love of the city and set the locale for A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE.", "Since 1986, the Tennessee Williams New Orleans Literary Festival has been held annually in New Orleans, LA, in commemoration of the playwright. The festival takes place at the end of March to coincide with Williams' birthday. ", "A Tennessee Williams New Orleans Literary Festival takes place in March of every year to commemorate his career. The festival began in 1986, three years after his death. There is also a theatre named after him in Key West, Florida.", "Speaking of sexuality, Streetcar was censored when it was converted to film, like another Williams play, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. Both plays include a gay man who, restricted by claustrophobic social boundaries in the 1940's and 50's, marries a woman. These common themes appear to be autobiographical for Williams, who was raised in Tennessee (hence the nickname) and grew up gay in a homophobic society. In fact, some believe that Williams based the character of Stanley Kowalski on a man he was dating at the time ( source ).", "Williams died in New York City on February 25, 1983. In 1995, the United States Post Office commemorated Williams by issuing a special edition stamp in his name as part of their Literary Arts Series. For several years, literary enthusiasts have gathered to celebrate the man and his work at the Tennessee Williams Scholars Conference. The annual event, held along with the Tennessee Williams/New Orleans Literary Festival, features educational, theatrical and literary programs.", "After his release from the hospital in the 1970s, Williams wrote plays, a memoir, poems, short stories and a novel. In 1975 he published MEMOIRS, which detailed his life and discussed his addiction to drugs and alcohol, as well as his homosexuality. In 1980 Williams wrote CLOTHES FOR A SUMMER HOTEL, based on the lives of Zelda and F. Scott Fitzgerald. Only three years later, Tennessee Williams died in a New York City hotel filled with half-finished bottles of wine and pills. It was in this desperation, which Williams had so closely known and so honestly written about, that we can find a great man and an important body of work. His genius was in his honesty and in the perseverance to tell his stories.", "A Streetcar Named Desire written by Tennessee Williams is set in the French Quarter of New Orleans. The year is 1947 - the same year in which the play was written. All of the action of A Streetcar Named Desire takes place in on the first floor of a two-bedroom apartment. The set is designed so that the audience can also see \"outside\" and observe characters on the street. Learn more details about the setting of Williams' play.", "Tennessee Williams met and fell in love with Frank Merlo in 1947 while living in New Orleans. Merlo, a second generation Sicilian American who had served in the U.S. Navy in World War II, was a steadying influence in Williams’ chaotic life. But in 1961, Merlo died of Lung Cancer and the playwright went into a deep depression that lasted for ten years. In fact, Williams struggled with depression throughout most of his life and lived with the constant fear that he would go insane as did his sister Rose. For much of this period, he battled addictions to prescription drugs and alcohol.", "Tennessee Williams (b. 1911) – Playwright who wrote The Glass Menagerie, A Streetcar Named Desire, Cat On a Hot Tin Roof", "Tennessee Williams was one of the greatest and most well-known American playwrights of the twentieth century. In order to better understand A Streetcar Named Desire, it is important to know some facts about Tennessee Williams' personal life and background.", "Author of more than 24 full-length plays, including ''The Glass Menagerie,'' ''A Streetcar Named Desire,'' ''Cat on a Hot Tin Roof'' - Tennessee Williams was the most important American playwright after Eugene O'Neill. The latter two won Pulitzer Prizes - and ''The Night of the Iguana,'' he had a profound effect on the American theater and on American playwrights and actors. He wrote with deep sympathy and expansive humor about outcasts in our society. Though his images were often violent, he was a poet of the human heart.", "Tennessee Williams is distinguished for his psychologically complex dramas that explore isolation and miscommunication within families and small groups of misfits and loners. Breaking from the realistic tradition in American drama, Williams introduced his concept of the \"plastic\" theater by incorporating expressionistic elements of dialogue, action, sound, setting, and lighting in his works. Williams's reputation rests on his three award-winning dramas—The Glass Menagerie (1944), A Streetcar Named Desire (1947), and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955). Each of these is set in the American South, employing lyrical dialogue and inventive stage techniques, and represents a powerful study of family dynamics and the solitary search for meaning in the modern world, particularly through the depiction of emotional abuse, sexual relations, and violence. For his remarkable ability to evoke universal experience in multi-dimensional characters and provocative plots that transcend geography and social milieu, Williams is recognized as a major influence in the development of postwar American theater.", "* Gussow, Mel and Holditch, Kenneth, eds. Tennessee Williams, Plays 1937–1955 (Library of America, 2000) ISBN 978-1-883011-86-4.", "By Tennessee Williams; directed by Anthony Page; sets by Maria Bjornson; costumes by Jane Greenwood; lighting by Howard Harrison; sound by Christopher Cronin; music composed by Neil McArthur; technical supervisor, Gene O'Donovan; company manager, G. Eric Muratalla; production stage manager, Susie Cordon; general management, Robert Cole and Lisa M. Poyer. Presented by Bill Kenwright. At the Music Box Theater, 239 West 45th Street, Manhattan.", "In celebration of the Tennessee Williams centennial in 2011, The Library of America presents its acclaimed two-volume edition in a collector’s boxed set. Gathering thirty-two works written from the 1930s to the 1980s, this collection contains all the essential dramatic works of the playwright who transformed the American stage. The first volume opens with the rediscovered early plays, Spring Storm and Not About Nightingales, and contains such classics as The Glass Menagerie, A Streetcar Named Desire, The Rose Tattoo, and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, as well as a selection of one acts. The second volume includes Orpheus Descending, Suddenly Last Summer, Sweet Bird of Youth, Period of Adjustment, The Night of the Iguana, The Eccentricities of a Nightingale, Out Cry, and A Lovely Sunday for Creve Coeur.", "A Streetcar Named Desire is a 1947 play written by American playwright Tennessee Williams for which he received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1948. The play opened on Broadway on December 3, 1947, and closed on December 17, 1949, in the Ethel Barrymore Theatre.", "First cousin twice removed of Tennessee Williams . Hawke's great grandfather and Williams' father were brothers.", "American playwright. Frank writer. Explored American life. Best known for \"Our Town\" also wrote, \"The Matchmaker\" and \"The Skin of Our Teeth\"", "Explore biographic details about Tennessee Williams. Are the characters from A Streetcar Named Desire derived from people/experiences in the playwright's life? What personal philosophy is Tennessee Williams attempting to convey?", "Today, nearly every storyteller in Hollywood and just about everyplace else in the English-speaking world is, knowingly or not, a disciple of Tennessee Williams. Here’s an interview with Pulitzer Prize-and-Tony Award-winning playwright Tony Kushner about the impact of Tennesee Williams’ life and work on his own career.", "This review of Tennessee Williams’s Memoirs discusses the playwright’s decision to confront the taboos of his time head on and, by the late 1930s, publicly acknowledge his homosexuality. “I never considered my homosexuality as anything to be disguised,” Williams said. “Neither did I consider it a matter to be over-emphasized. I consider it an accident of nature.”" ]

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[ "Israel's multiparty system reflects the diverse origins of the people and their long practice of party politics in Zionist organizations. The first five Knessets were controlled by coalitions led by the Mapai (Israel Workers Party), under Israel's first prime minister (1949–63), David Ben-Gurion, and then under Levi Eshkol (1963–69). The Mapai formed the nucleus of the present Israel Labor Party, a socialist party, which in coalition with other groups controlled Israel's governments under prime ministers Golda Meir (1969–74) and Yitzhak Rabin (1974–77 and 1992–95).", "Golda Meir (1898-1978) served as Israel's third prime minister (1969-1974) and the first, and so far only, woman to be premier of Israel to date. She was elected prime minister by the Mapai Party after the death of then-Prime Minister Levi Eshkol in early 1969. She stepped down in 1974, following the Yom Kippur War.", "Following Golda Meir’s resignation in April 1974, Yitzhak Rabin was elected party leader, after he defeated Shimon Peres. The rivalry between these two labour leaders remained fierce and they competed several times in the next two decades for the leadership role. Rabin succeeded Golda Meir as Prime Minister of Israel on 3 June 1974. This was a coalition government, including Ratz, the Independent Liberals, Progress and Development and the Arab List for Bedouins and Villagers. This arrangement, with a bare parliamentary majority, held for a few months and was one of the few periods in Israel’s history where the religious parties were not part of the coalition. The National Religious Party joined the coalition on 30 October 1974 and Ratz left on 6 November.", "A militant Zionist from the beginning, Golda Meir ranks among the founders of Mapai. Her image, along with that of David Ben-Gurion, is closely tied to the creation of the Jewish state. She remains, to this day, the only Israeli woman to have served as prime minister, from 1969 to 1974. Criticized after the Yom Kippur war for leaving the country unprepared, she resigned under pressure from public opinion in 1974, thereby retiring from politics. Her term in office was also marked by the bloody hostage taking of Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic Games in 1972.", "After Levi Eshkol's sudden death on February 26, 1969, the party elected Meir as his successor. Meir came out of retirement to take office on March 17, 1969, serving as prime minister until 1974. Meir maintained the national unity government formed in 1967, after the Six-Day War, in which Mapai merged with two other parties (Rafi and Ahdut HaAvoda) to form the Israeli Labor party.", "Yitzhak Rabin was the prime minister of Israel from 1974 to 1977 and again from 1992 until his death in 1995. For 26 years, Rabin had been a member of the Palmach (part of the Jewish underground army before Israel became a state) and the IDF (the Israeli army) and had risen up the ranks to become the IDF's Chief of Staff. After retiring from the IDF in 1968, Rabin was appointed the Israeli Ambassador to the United States.", "Meir was elected Prime Minister of Israel on March 17, 1969, after serving as Minister of Labour and Foreign Minister.[3] Israel’s first and the world’s third woman to hold such an office, she was described as the “Iron Lady” of Israeli politics years before the epithet became associated with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Former Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion used to call Meir “the best man in the government”; she was often portrayed as the “strong-willed, straight-talking, grey-bunned grandmother of the Jewish people”.", "After Israel's official establishment in 1948, Golda traveled to the United Stated to raise $50 million for funds to support Israel's military since the nation had been receiving attacks from neighboring Arab nations. In 1949 she was elected to the Israeli Parliament then became Israel's first female Foreign Minister. Then in 1969, she became the first and only female prime minister. However, her most disappointing moment occurred during this time because Israel received a surprise attack from Syria and Egypt during the Yom Kippur War in 1973. Israel wasn't prepared for this attack, and Golda didn't plan to take military action when she first heard of threats from these nations. As a result, people in Israel lost confidence in her abilities and she resigned in 1974. Golda Meir died at age 80 in 1978.", "In early 1969, Levi Eshkol died in office of a heart attack and Golda Meir became Prime Minister with the largest percentage of the vote ever won by an Israeli party, winning 56 of the 120 seats after the 1969 election. Meir was the first female prime minister of Israel and the first woman to have headed a Middle Eastern state in modern times. Gahal remained on 26 seats, and was the second largest party.", "On 26 February 1969, Eshkol became the first prime minister to die in office, and was temporarily replaced by Yigal Allon. However, Allon's stint lasted less than a month, as the party persuaded Golda Meir to return to political life and become prime minister in March 1969. Meir was Israel's first woman prime minister, and the third in the world (after Sirimavo Bandaranaike and Indira Gandhi).", "Yitzhak Rabin, (born March 1, 1922, Jerusalem —died Nov. 4, 1995, Tel Aviv–Yafo , Israel), Israeli statesman and soldier who, as prime minister of Israel (1974–77, 1992–95), led his country toward peace with its Palestinian and Arab neighbours. He was chief of staff of Israel’s armed forces during the Six-Day War (June 1967). Along with Shimon Peres , his foreign minister, and Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) chairman Yāsir ʿArafāt , Rabin received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1994.", "Yitzhak Rabin (;; 1 March 1922 – 4 November 1995) was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–77 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995.", "In the early 1970s, Palestinian groups launched a wave of attacks against Israeli targets around the world, including a massacre of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Summer Olympics. Israel responded with Operation Wrath of God, in which those responsible for the Munich massacre were tracked down and assassinated. On October 6, 1973 , Yom Kippur , the holiest day in the Jewish calendar, the Egyptian and Syrian armies launched a surprise attack against Israel. The war ended on October 26 with Israel successfully repelling Egyptian and Syrian forces but suffering great losses. An internal inquiry exonerated the government of responsibility for the war, but public anger forced Prime Minister Golda Meir to resign.", "On April 11, 1974, Golda Meir resigned. Her cabinet followed suit, including Dayan, who had previously offered to resign twice and was turned down both times by Meir. A new government was seated in June, and Yitzhak Rabin, who had spent most of the war as an advisor to Elazar in an unofficial capacity, became Prime Minister. ", "Yitzhak Rabin was a Nobel Peace Prize-winning political leader who served as prime minister of Israel during the mid-1970s and mid-'90s.", "The Arab League vowed that the situation would not rest and proceeded to put Israel in a state of siege. Arab terrorists highjacked Israeli airplanes. They also killed Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics. The following year, on Yom Kippur , the holiest day of the Jewish calendar, Egypt and Syria mounted a surprise attack on Israel at the Suez and the Golan Heights. Israel managed to defeat the two armies, but the resulting situation was far from stable. In 1977 Egyptian president Anwar Sadat went to Jerusalem to talk with Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin, and in the following year U.S. president Jimmy Carter helped to broker the Camp David Accords. Sadat and Begin shared the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts at reconciliation, and an official peace treaty was signed in 1979 in Paris .", "When the conflict with the Arabs escalated in 1967, Begin was included in a national coalition government. His delight was immense when Israel crushed all resistance in the Six Day War and claimed the Sinai and Gaza from Egypt, the West Bank from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. Begin withdrew from government in 1970 when it refused to declare that the West Bank would forever belong to Israel. Many regarded this as the end of Begin's political career, but when Israel suffered great losses of soldiers in the October War against Egypt and Syria in 1973, more and more Israelis grew critical of the ruling Labour Party. The right-of-centre Likud alliance won the elections of 1977, and Menachem Begin became prime minister.", "In June 1963 Ben-Gurion resigned as Prime Minister, citing personal reasons. Levi Eshkol took over the posts of Prime Minister and Defense Minister. But Ben-Gurion remained active politically, with a rivalry developing between him and Eshkol. In June 1965, the Mapai Party split, with Ben-Gurion establishing Rafi (List of Israeli Workers), which won ten Knesset seats in the following election. In 1968, Rafi rejoined Mapai and Ahdut Ha'avoda , to form the Israel Labor Party , while Ben-Gurion formed a new party, Hareshima Hamamlachtit (The State List), which won four Knesset seats in the 1969 elections.", "David Ben-Gurion (1886-1973) was the chief statesman and political leader of the modern State of Israel . As Israel's first prime minister, Ben-Gurion led the country during the War of Independence and, except for a two-year period from 1953-1955, served as premier from 1948 to 1963.", "Davis Ben Gurion was the first Prime Minister of Israel. He was in this position from November 2, 1955 to June 21, 1963.", "In May 1967, Egypt began massing forces in the Sinai Peninsula after expelling UN peacekeepers and closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping. This, together with the actions of other Arab states, caused Israel to begin preparing for war. The situation lasted until the outbreak of the Six-Day War on 5 June. In Jerusalem, there were calls for a national unity government or an emergency government. During this period, Ben-Gurion met with his old rival Menachem Begin in Sde Boker. Begin asked Ben-Gurion to join Eshkol's national unity government. Although Eshkol's Mapai party initially opposed the widening of its government, it eventually changed its mind. On 23 May, IDF Chief of Staff Yitzhak Rabin met with Ben-Gurion to ask for reassurance. Ben-Gurion, however, accused Rabin of putting Israel in mortal danger by mobilizing the reserves and openly preparing for war with an Arab coalition. Ben-Gurion told Rabin that at the very least, he should have obtained the support of a foreign power, as he had done during the Suez Crisis. Rabin was shaken by the meeting and took to bed for 36 hours.[citation needed]", "In February 1971, however, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat presented the Nixon administration with a new opportunity for Arab-Israeli peacemaking. Sadat proposed that Egypt would reopen the Suez Canal if the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) pulled back from the Canal’s east bank and later agreed to a timetable for further withdrawals. He also indicated that he would renounce all claims of belligerency against Israel if the IDF withdrew to the international border. Rogers’ efforts to capitalize on Sadat’s statements by working toward an interim settlement, however, were opposed by the Israelis, and received little support from Kissinger and Nixon. Kissinger believed that Egyptian proposals for an interim settlement, along with a Soviet peace plan tabled that September, would be rejected by the Israelis, and did not want discord over the Middle East to undermine efforts at détente before the Moscow summit of May 1972. For Nixon, such reasoning was reinforced by a desire to avoid a crisis in U.S.-Israeli relations before the 1972 presidential elections.", "In the days leading up to the Yom Kippur War, Israeli intelligence could not conclusively determine that an attack was imminent. However, on October 5, 1973, Meir received official news that Syrian forces were massing on the Golan Heights. The prime minister was alarmed by the reports, and felt that the situation reminded her of what happened before the Six Day War. Her advisers, however, assured her not to worry, saying that they would have adequate notice before a war broke out. This made sense at the time, since after the Six Day War, most Israelis felt it unlikely that the Arabs would attack. Consequently, although a resolution was passed granting her power to demand a full-scale call-up of the military (instead of the typical cabinet decision), Meir did not mobilize Israel's forces early. Soon, though, war became very clear. Six hours before the outbreak of hostilities, Meir met with Minister of Defense Moshe Dayan and general David Elazar. While Dayan continued to argue that war was unlikely and thus was in favor of calling up the air force and only two divisions, Elazar advocated full scale army mobilization and the launch of a full-scale preemptive strike on Syrian forces. ", "Ehud Olmert (,; born 30 September 1945) is an Israeli politician and lawyer. He served as Prime Minister of Israel from 2006 to 2009 and before that as a cabinet minister from 1988 to 1992 and from 2003 to 2006. Between his first and second stints as a cabinet member, he served as mayor of Jerusalem from 1993 to 2003.", "In 1954 he resigned as both Prime Minister and Minister of Defense, although he remained a member of the Knesset. However, he returned as Minister of Defense in 1955 after the Lavon Affair resulted in the resignation of Pinhas Lavon. Later in the year he became Prime Minister again, following the 1955 elections. Under his leadership, Israel responded aggressively to Arab guerrilla attacks, and in 1956, invaded Egypt along with British and French forces after Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal during what became known as the Suez Crisis.", "Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)", "Upon Eshkol’s death on Feb. 26, 1969, Meir, the compromise candidate, became prime minister. She maintained the coalition government that had emerged in June 1967. Meir pressed for a peace settlement in the Middle East by diplomatic means. She traveled widely, her meetings including those with Nicolae Ceauşescu in Romania (1972) and Pope Paul VI at the Vatican (1973). Also in 1973, Meir’s government was host to Willy Brandt , chancellor of West Germany .", "In August 1970, Meir accepted a U.S. peace initiative that called for an end to the War of Attrition and an Israeli pledge to withdraw to \"secure and recognized boundaries\" in the framework of a comprehensive peace settlement. The Gahal party quit the national unity government in protest, but Meir continued to lead the remaining coalition. ", "In August 1970, Meir accepted a U.S. peace initiative that called for an end to the War of Attrition and an Israeli pledge to withdraw to \"secure and recognized boundaries\" in the framework of a comprehensive peace settlement. The Gahal party quit the national unity government in protest, but Meir continued to lead the remaining coalition.", "attacks on Israeli-held Arab lands. A UN-sponsored cease-fire took effect, and in January 1974 Egypt and", "Serious shooting incidents between Egypt and Israel resumed in June 1969, following Egypt's declaration of a war of attrition against Israel. In response to a US peace initiative, a cease-fire took effect in August 1970, but tensions continued, and Palestinian Arab guerrillas mounted an international campaign of terrorism, highlighted in September 1972 by the kidnap and murder of Israeli athletes at the Olympic Games in Munich .", "The 1967 and 1973 wars in the Middle East radically changed the face of the region: huge swaths of land changed hands and political landscapes transformed. The 1967 War (henceforth: the June War) left Israel controlling large territories, including strategically important areas such as the Sinai desert and the Golan Heights, but also the politically sensitive areas of East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Gaza. Psychologically, the war created a sense of superiority and invulnerability in the Israeli leadership, military echelon and public minds." ]

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[ "Robert John \"Bob\" Gaudio (born November 17, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer, and the keyboardist/backing vocalist for the Four Seasons.", "The Four Seasons is an American rock and pop band that became internationally successful in the 1960s and 1970s. The Vocal Group Hall of Fame has stated that the group was the most popular rock band before the Beatles. Since 1970, they have also been known at times as Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons. In 1960, the group known as the Four Lovers evolved into the Four Seasons, with Frankie Valli as the lead singer, Bob Gaudio (formerly of the Royal Teens) on keyboards and tenor vocals, Tommy DeVito on lead guitar and baritone vocals, and Nick Massi on electric bass and bass vocals.", "* Bob Gaudio (born 1942), singer, songwriter, musician, record producer and songwriting member of The Four Seasons ", "Valli, Tommy DeVito, Nick Massi and Bob Gaudio - the original members of The Four Seasons - were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999. ", "In 1960, the band The Four Seasons came into being with Frankie Valli as the lead singer, Tommy DeVito on lead guitar and baritone vocals, Nick Massi on electric bass and bass vocals, and Bob Gaudio on keyboards and tenor vocals.", "Working with a variety of acts and as a solo artist from the mid-1950s to early ‘60s with limited success, Valli eventually came to be with the group that, in 1961, would be known as The Four Seasons. With members who were all vocalists and instrumentalists, the group consisted of Valli, keyboardist/songwriter Bob Gaudio, who would pen an array of the Seasons’ songs, guitarist Tommy DeVito and bassist/vocal arranger Nick Massi.", "Nicholas \"Nick Massi\" Macioci (September 19, 1927 – December 24, 2000) was an American bass singer and bass guitarist for the Four Seasons.", "Bob Gaudio, one of the Four Seasons; 'Jersey Boys' is the story of the popular '60s music group.", "The film “Jersey Boys” tells the story of the rise of the Four Seasons, but a few years after the group achieved its initial success, members began to leave. Though there were variations of the Four Seasons, who recorded until the early 1990s, the only constants were singer Frankie Valli and Bob Gaudio, the keyboardist and songwriter who moved to producer duties. Here’s a snapshot of the band and some of their music.", "There were various changes in personnel in the bands Frankie played in but the most significant one occurred in 1959 when Charlie Calello left and was replaced by Bob Gaudio. Bob had shot to fame at the age of 14 when, as a member of the band The Royal Teens, he had written the massive hit \"Short Shorts\", covered later in the UK by Freddie and the Dreamers. The Royal Teens and The 4 Lovers had previously met during a joint appearance on The Buddy Deane TV show out of Baltimore. Frankie and Bob were introduced more formally a while later by a mutual friend, the actor Joe Pesci. Pesci has been an enduring presence during the Seasons' career, becoming a close, long standing friend of Frankie's and even today, offering employment to former Seasons' member Tommy DeVito. His goal in his filmmaking career has been to get Frankie's name mentioned as often as possible in any movie he happens to be in!", "aking a remarkable comeback in 1975 was Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons. Mainstays of the sixties, the Seasons, led by Valli, had done a slow fade at the end of the decade. By 1970, original members Nick Massi and Tommy DeVito had quit, and Bob Gaudio had retired from the road. Gaudio and Valli remained business partners, though, owning all rights to the group name, and all of their old masters as well.", "four-seasonsWhen he was just 19, Frankie signed his first record contract. He quickly became known as having the \"voice of an angel.\" In the late 1950s, Frankie and his band – the Four Lovers – saw moderate success. The group had a few minor hits and even appeared on the Ed Sullivan Show. In 1959, Frankie's friend and future actor Joe Pesci introduced the band to songwriter Bob Gaudio. This addition changed the course of the band's success. With Bob writing the songs, the band changed its name to the Four Seasons, released \"Sherry,\" and became an overnight sensation.", "As the lead singer of The Four Seasons, Valli had a string of hits beginning with the number-one hit \"Sherry\" in 1962. As a footnote to this period of his career with The Four Seasons, the group's bassist and vocal arranger Nick Massi was replaced in 1965 by Charlie Calello, the group's instrumental arranger, and, then shortly thereafter, Calello was replaced by Joseph LaBracio, who went by the pseudonym Joe Long.", "They are the original Four Seasons – Frankie Valli, Bob Gaudio, Tommy DeVito and Nick’s dad, Nick Massi Sr.", "In 1975 Gaudio wrote \"Who Loves You\" and \"December 1963 (Oh, What A Night)\" with his future wife Judy Parker. The songs became big hits for a reconstituted Four Seasons group (only Valli was left of the original lineup; Gaudio stopped touring with them in 1971 to concentrate on writing and producing).", "Gaudio co-wrote and produced an entire album of songs for Frank Sinatra and produced six Neil Diamond albums. The new anthology also includes the 1958 hit \"Short Shorts,\" which Gaudio co-wrote when he was 15 and recorded with his group The Royal Teens.", "Jersey Boys is a 2005 jukebox musical with music by Bob Gaudio, lyrics by Bob Crewe, and book by Marshall Brickman and Rick Elice. It is presented in a documentary-style format that dramatizes the formation, success and eventual break-up of the 1960s rock 'n roll group The Four Seasons. The musical is structured as four \"seasons\", each narrated by a different member of the band who gives his own perspective on its history and music. Songs include \"Big Girls Don't Cry\", \"Sherry\", \"December 1963 (Oh, What A Night)\", \"My Eyes Adored You\", \"Stay\", \"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\", \"Working My Way Back to You\" and \"Rag Doll\", among others. The title refers to the fact that the members of The Four Seasons are from New Jersey.", "On July 1, 2014, Rhino Entertainment released Audio With a G, the first compilation of the music composed by Bob Gaudio as performed by the Four Seasons, Frank Sinatra, Diana Ross, The Temptations, Cher, Roberta Flack, Nina Simone, Jerry Butler, Chuck Jackson and others.", "This was the last Four Seasons hit to feature bass singer/bassist Nick Massi. The same month \"Let's Hang On!\" was released, Massi left the group and was temporarily replaced by the band's arranger Charles Calello before Joe Long came in as Massi's full-time replacement.", "Determined not to be a one-hit wonder again, Gaudio collaborated with Crewe, and the duo quickly composed two more No 1 hits for the Seasons: �Big Girls Don�t Cry� and �Walk Like a Man.� Gaudio and Crewe went on to become one of the most successful song-writing teams in pop-music history. Around the same time, Gaudio also formed a special partnership with Valli. With a handshake, Bob agreed to give Frankie half of everything Bob earned as a writer and producer, and Frankie agreed to give Bob half of Frankie�s earnings from performances outside the group. That partnership remains in force 45 years later, still sealed only with a handshake.", "The album Who Loves You became a surprise million-seller for the group, as it was the first Four Seasons album to prominently feature lead vocals by anyone other than Valli (\"Sorry\" on Half & Half had featured Gaudio, DeVito and Long minus Valli, while \"Wall Street Village Day\" on Genuine Imitation Life Gazette featured Valli on just a couple of 'bridge' section lead vocal lines). Gerry Polci did about half of the lead vocals, sharing them with Valli and one lead by Ciccone ('Slip Away'). The title song had Valli doing the lead on the verses, but none of the trademark falsettos in the chorus. It was a Top 10 British hit in October 1975, relaunching their career there. \"December, 1963 (Oh, What a Night)\" had Polci singing lead on the verses, Ciccone featured on specific sections, and Valli doing lead vocals only on the two bridge sections and backup vocals on the chorus. \"Silver Star\" had Polci doing all the lead vocals, with Valli on harmony vocals.", "The group’s first single vanished without a trace and they were working as session musicians when Gaudio wrote “Sherry” in 1962. “Sherry” spent five weeks at No. 1 and was followed by two more chart-topping hits in 1962, “Big Girls Don’t Cry” and “Walk Like a Man.” The group had 16 top 40 hits in their first 28 months.", "Ronnie James Dio (born Ronald James Padavona; July 10, 1942 - May 16, 2010) was an American heavy metal singer, songwriter and musician. He fronted and/or founded numerous groups including Elf, Rainbow, Black Sabbath, Dio and Heaven & Hell. He is credited with popularizing the \"metal horns\" hand gesture in metal culture and is known for his medieval themed lyrics. Dio possessed a powerful versatile vocal range capable of singing both hard rock and lighter ballads; according to Rainbow/Deep Purple guitarist Ritchie Blackmore upon hearing him sing, \"I felt shivers down my spine.\" ", "The Four Tops are an American vocal quartet, whose repertoire has included doo-wop, jazz, soul music, R&B, disco, adult contemporary, and showtunes. Founded in Detroit, Michigan as The Four Aims, lead singer Levi Stubbs (a cousin of Jackie Wilson and brother of The Falcons' Joe Stubbs), and groupmates Abdul \"Duke\" Fakir, Renaldo \"Obie\" Benson and Lawrence Payton remained together for over four decades, finally forced to endure a lineup change when Payton died in 1997. At that time, Theo Peoples was added to the lineup; Peoples later replaced Stubbs, who fell ill from a stroke, and Ronnie McNeir assumed Peoples' spot. In July 2005, Benson died of lung cancer with Payton's son Roquel replacing him. As of 2006, Fakir, McNeir, Payton and Peoples still perform together as the Four Tops.", "Divo (\"divine male performer\" in Italian) is a multinational operatic pop vocal group created by music manager, executive, and reality TV star Simon Cowell. Formed in the United Kingdom, they are also signed to Cowell's record label, Syco Music. Il Divo is a group of four male singers: Spanish baritone Carlos Marín, Swiss tenor Urs Bühler, American tenor David Miller, and French pop singer Sébastien Izambard. To date, they have sold more than 26 million albums worldwide", "Where�s Gesualdo is an a cappella quartet based in the San Francisco Bay Area. Its members have performed and / or recorded Andy Williams, Bobby McFerrin, Chanticleer, Dave Gruisin, David Grisman, Don Shelton, John Williams, Jose Feliciano, Mark Murphy, Michael Tilson Thomas, Phil Mattson, Richie Cole, Stanley Jordan, and Frank Zappa, among others. They've also sung on video games such as Guitar Hero, Karaoke Revolution, Dance Dance Revolution, and Garage Band.", "Frankie Valli's first commercial release was \"My Mother's Eyes\" (as Frankie Valley) in 1953. The following year, he and guitarist Tommy DeVito formed the Variatones (with Hank Majewski, rhythm guitar, Frank Cattone, accordion, and Billy Thompson, drums), which between 1954 and 1956 performed and recorded under a variety of names before settling on the name The Four Lovers. The same year, the quartet released their first record, \"You're the Apple of My Eye\", which appeared on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, peaking at #62. Five additional Four Lovers singles (on RCA Victor) were released over the next year, with virtually no sales, airplay, or jukebox play. In 1957, the group's seventh single (this time on Epic) had a similar lack of success. ", "1965 ● Rob Pilatus → Singer and one half of the scandalous, lip-synching dance-pop vocal duo Milli Vanilli, the pair were stripped of their 1989 Grammy Award when in 1990 it was revealed that they never actually sang on their albums or in concert, committed suicide on 4/2/1998", "Il Divo is a multinational classical crossover vocal group. The male quartet originated in the United Kingdom in December 2003, bringing together singers Urs Bühler, Carlos Marín, David Miller, and Sébastien Izambard.", "The Alessi Brothers are an American pop singer-songwriter duo, best known for their 1984 hit \"Savin' the Day\" and their 1977 hit \"Oh Lori\". The duo are identical twin brothers, Bill (Billy) Alessi and Bob (Bobby) Alessi (born 12 July 1953, Long Island, New York).", "Final Performance band members: Jody Martino (lead vocals, percussion), Billy Schifano (lead vocals, percussion), Bob Colucci (lead guitar, vocals), Ricky Orico (keys, vocals), Al Bogar (bass, vocals), Joe Viscartti (drums).", "Group Members: Frankie Valli , Joe Long , Gary Melvin , CHUCK WILSON , Tommy Alvarado , Don Ciccone" ]

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[ "Anjelica Huston was born on July 8, 1951 in Santa Monica, California, to prima ballerina Enrica \"Ricki\" (Soma) and director and actor John Huston . Her mother, who was from New York, was of Italian descent, and her father had English, Scottish, and Scots-Irish ancestry. Huston spent most of her childhood overseas, in Ireland and England, and in 1969 first dipped her toe into the acting profession, taking a few small roles in her father's movies. However, in that year her mother died in a car accident, at 39, and Huston relocated to the United States, where the tall, exotically beautiful young woman modeled for several years.", "Anjelica Huston was born on July 8, 1951 in Santa Monica, California, to prima ballerina Enrica \"Ricki\" (Soma) and director and actor John Huston . Her mother, who was from New York, was of Italian descent, and her father had English, Scottish, and Scots-Irish ancestry. Huston spent most of her childhood overseas, in Ireland and England, and in ... See full bio »", "Anjelica Huston was born in Santa Monica, California, and is the daughter of director and actor John Huston and Italian–American prima ballerina and model Enrica Soma. Huston's paternal grandfather was Canadian-born actor Walter Huston. Huston has Scots-Irish, English and Welsh ancestry from her father.", "Catherine Élise \"Cate\" Blanchett (14 May 1969) is an Australian actress and theatre director. She has received many accolades, including two Academy Awards, three Screen Actors Guild Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and three British Academy Awards. Blanchett came to international attention for her role as Elizabeth I of England in Shekhar Kapur's 1998 film Elizabeth, for which she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress, the Golden Globe Award, and earned her first Academy Award for Best Actress nomination. Her portrayal of Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese 's 2004 film The Aviator brought her many accolades, including the Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role, making her the only actor to win an Oscar for portraying another Oscar-winning actor. In 2013, she starred as Jasmine French in Woody Allen 's Blue Jasmine, for which she won numerous accolades including the Academy Award for Best Actress.", "In the romantic comedy-drama \"Agnes Browne\" (1999), director and star Anjelica Huston played an Irish mother left to fend for her seven children following the death of her husband. Also appearing, as himself, was singer Tom Jones.", "Huston possesses dual citizenship, Irish and American. She has made public statements in support of legalized medical marijuana. Huston has no children, and no regrets about it.", "Scarlett Johansson (born November 22, 1984 (birth time source: Sy Scholfield, Astrodatabank)) is an American actress. She rose to fame with her role in 1998's The Horse Whisperer and subsequently gained critical acclaim for her roles in Ghost World, Lost in Translation and Girl with a Pearl Earring, the latter two earning her Golden Globe Award nominations in 2003. She has been named the \"sexiest\" or \"most beautiful\" woman alive by several publications. Early life Johansson was born in New York City. Her father, Karsten Johansson, is a Danish-born architect, and her paternal grandfather, Ejner Johansson, was a screenwriter and director. Her mother, Melanie Sloan, a producer, comes from a Jewish American family of Polish Jewish ancestry from the Bronx. Johansson's parents met in Denmark...", "Her father, John Huston , directed The African Queen (1951) with Katharine Hepburn and played Gandalf in The Return of the King (1980). Anjelica herself later worked with her father's successor, Ian McKellen , in And the Band Played On (1993) and with Cate Blanchett , who appeared in the trilogy, as well as playing Hepburn in The Aviator (2004), in The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004). Also appearing in The Aviator (2004) was her brother, Danny Huston .", "Imelda Staunton was born on January 9, 1956 in Archway, London, England as Imelda Mary Philomena Bernadette Staunton. She is an actress, known for Maleficent (2014), Vera Drake (2004) and Chicken Run (2000). She has been married to Jim Carter since October 1983. They have one child.", "Susan Abigail Sarandon (; née Tomalin; born October 4, 1946) is an American actress. She is an Academy Award and BAFTA Award winner who is also known for her social and political activism for a variety of causes. She was appointed a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 1999 and received the Action Against Hunger Humanitarian Award in 2006.", "Annette Carol Bening (born May 29, 1958) is an American actress. She began her career on stage with the Colorado Shakespeare Festival company in 1980, and played Lady Macbeth in 1984 at the American Conservatory Theatre. She was nominated for the 1987 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her Broadway debut in Coastal Disturbances. She is a four-time Academy Award nominee; for the films The Grifters (1990), American Beauty (1999), Being Julia (2004) and The Kids Are All Right (2010). In 2006, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "3. sot Angelica Huston - \"It think it's very much grounding in reality. The Tenenbaums, it's maybe reality punched up a bit but In think everyone will see something that will remind them of their own situation and circumstance.\"", "Martha Fiennes (née Wykeham-Fiennes; born 5 February 1964) is a British film director, writer and producer. An award-winning director, Fiennes is best known for her films Onegin (1999) (which starred her elder brother, Ralph) and Chromophobia (2005).", "At 16, she was an extra in the 1967 James Bond spoof Casino Royale. Her first real acting on film was in her father's forgettable A Walk with Love and Death, in 1969. And her first appearance in a typical-Anjelica-Huston role was as \"the woman of dark visage\" in 1976's Swashbuckler. The essential Huston includes the aforementioned Bastard, Prizzi's Honor, Crimes and Misdemeanors, The Grifters, Addams Family Values, Ever After, and The Dead (her father's last film).", "Anjelica Huston's first film for director Wes Anderson was \"The Royal Tenenbaums\" (2001), playing the wife of Gene Hackman and mother of Ben Stiller, Luke Wilson and Gwyneth Paltrow.", "Anjelica Huston starred in the comic fantasy, \"The Witches\" (1990), based on the children's book by Roald Dahl, author of \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.\"", "Huston earned a Best Actress Oscar nomination for her portrayal of a con artist in Stephen Frears' The Grifters (1990). She also starred as the lead in her father's final directorial film, The Dead (1987), an adaptation of a James Joyce story.", "Deciding to focus more on movies, in the early 1980s she studied acting. Her first notable role was in Bob Rafelson's remake of The Postman Always Rings Twice (1981). Later, her father cast her as Maerose, daughter of a Mafia don whose love is scorned by a hit man (Jack Nicholson) in the film adaptation of Richard Condon's Mafia-satire novel Prizzi's Honor (1985). Huston won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar for her performance, making her the first person in Academy Award history to win an Oscar when a parent and a grandparent had also won one.", "For her final performance for the American film industry Jurado traveled to New Mexico to take a small role in Stephen Frears’ THE HI-LO COUNTRY in 1998. Finally, right before her death in 2002, she played the starring role in UN SECRETO DE ESPERANZA, a semi-biographical film about the friendship between an elderly woman and her grandson during two periods of his life, 12 and 29 years-of-age. Jurado’s actual grandson Joaquín Jurado, who has become a rather successful musician, is certain the movie is about the times he spent with his grandmother. UN SECRETO DE ESPERANZA would be Jurado’s sweet farewell to viewers who had watched her for nearly 60 years.", "The nucleus of three generations of Academy Award winners, renowned director John Huston was born Aug. 5, 1906, in Nevada, Mo. He began his Hollywood career as a scriptwriter, penning dialogue for such classics as Jezebel (1938) and Sergeant York (1941). Huston picked up the directorial baton for The Maltese Falcon (1941), a taut detective noir that established his credentials.", "Directed by Fred Zinnemann. Cast: Jane Fonda, Vanessa Redgrave, Jason Robards, Hal Holbrook, Rosemary Murphy, Meryl Streep. Born to great wealth, the fiercely independent Julia devotes her life to political causes, fighting facism in the 1930's. While traveling in Europe, a friend of Julia's is swept into a dangerous world, smuggling money across hostile borders. 117 min. DVD 5057", "The films Angelica has appeared in have unceasingly stretched her character work as well as her leading lady capacity. In her first film appearance in Robert Benton's \"Nobody's Fool\" (1994), Angelica played opposite Paul Newman in her cameo as Ruby. Leads, supporting leads and cameos followed as she balanced her dedication to her stagecraft with screen work. \"The Sixth Sense\" proved one of the most notable cameos with a screen time of only two minutes for her performance as the emotionally barren Mrs. Collins - a role that has captured the imagination of a generation.", "Huston was close friends with actor Gregory Peck, whom her father directed in Moby Dick (1956). The two of them first met on the set of the film when she was four years old as Peck was in costume as Captain Ahab. Decades later, after her father's death, Huston reunited with Peck and maintained a friendship that lasted until his death. ", "Helena Bonham Carter (with a Spanish mother) was nominated as Best Actress for The Wings of the Dove (1997)", "Academy Award® nominee Leonardo DiCaprio (“Inception,” “Blood Diamond”) stars in the title role. “J. Edgar” also stars Academy Award® nominee Naomi Watts (“21 Grams”) as Helen Gandy, Hoover’s longtime secretary; Armie Hammer (“The Social Network”) as Hoover’s protégé Clyde Tolson; Josh Lucas (“The Lincoln Lawyer”) as the legendary aviator Charles Lindbergh, whose son’s kidnapping changes the public profile of the F.B.I.; and Oscar® winner Judi Dench (“Shakespeare in Love”) as Hoover’s over-protective mother, Anne Marie Hoover.", "Julia graduated from the prestigious Lawrenceville School in 2007, and attended Northwestern University before graduating from the University of Southern California in 2011 with a B.A. in History and a Minor in Screenwriting. Julia currently resides in Los Angeles, and is pursuing careers in both acting and writing. More recent credits include: \"Chrissie Farrior\" in \"Jack Reacher\" and \"Nelly Jankowitz\" in an episode of \"Do No Harm.\"", "Mexican actress Katy Jurado won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role of Helen Ramírez, becoming the first Mexican actress to receive the award.", "* Annie, directed by John Huston, starring Aileen Quinn, Albert Finney, Carol Burnett, Bernadette Peters, Ann Reinking, Tim Curry", "Woody Allen returned to London to film Scoop, which also starred Johansson, Hugh Jackman, Ian McShane, Kevin McNally and Woody Allen himself. The film was released on July 28, 2006, and received mixed reviews. Woody Allen has also filmed Cassandra's Dream in London. Cassandra's Dream was released in November 2007, and stars Colin Farrell, Ewan McGregor and Tom Wilkinson.", "De Palma dated actress Margot Kidder in the early 1970s. He has been married and divorced three times, to actress Nancy Allen (1979–1983), producer Gale Anne Hurd (1991–1993), and Darnell Gregorio (1995–1997). He has one daughter from his marriage to Gale Anne Hurd, Lolita de Palma, born in 1991, and one daughter from his marriage to Darnell Gregorio, Piper De Palma, born in 1996. He resides in Manhattan, New York. ", "* In the Woody Allen film Manhattan (1979), when Mary (Diane Keaton) discovers Isaac Davis (Allen) is dating a 17-year-old (Mariel Hemingway), she says, \"Somewhere Nabokov is smiling\". Alan A. Stone speculates that Lolita had inspired Manhattan. Graham Vickers describes the female lead in Allen's movie as \"a Lolita that is allowed to express her own point of view\" and emerges from the relationship \"graceful, generous, and optimistic\". ", " Leonardo DiCaprio, with Judi Dench, who plays his mother in \"J. Edgar.\" Credit Keith Bernstein/Warner Brothers Pictures" ]

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[ "Cannonball Adderley, byname of Julian Edwin Adderley (born September 15, 1928, Tampa , Florida , U.S.—died August 8, 1975, Gary , Indiana ), one of the most prominent and popular American jazz musicians of the 1950s and ’60s whose exuberant music was firmly in the bop school but which also employed the melodic sense of traditional jazz. A multi-instrumentalist, Adderley is best-known for his work on alto saxophone and for his recordings with Miles Davis and with his own small groups.", "Julian Edwin \"Cannonball\" Adderley (September 15, 1928 – August 8, 1975) was a jazz alto saxophonist of the hard bop era of the 1950s and 1960s. ", "Julian Edwin “Cannonball” Adderley (September 15, 1928 – August 8, 1975) was a jazz alto saxophonist of the hard bop era of the 1950s and 1960s.", "Described by his own musicians as a “legitimate” legend, drummer Louis Hayes counts Oscar Peterson, John Coltrane, Sonny Rollins and J.J. Johnson among those he’s played with. But his most famous boss may well have been the popular 60s blues and soul-jazz saxophonist Julian “Cannonball” Adderley, who died of a stroke at the age of 46 in 1975. He’s been leading the Cannonball band since the late 90s, but never stops breathing new life into Adderley’s music that crossed into the popular consciousness 45 years ago. The quintet showcases some of New York’s hottest players – Vincent Herring on alto sax, Jeremy Pelt on trumpet, Rick Germanson on piano and Richie Goods on bass.", "Actually, Adderley's original nickname was \"Cannibal\" because of his eating habits. \"Cannonball\" is merely a bastardization of \"Cannibal\" and is still a good fit.", "Nicknamed “cannonball” (actually a childhood corruption of “cannibal” because of his appetite) by his peers, Julian Adderley played with some of the most important jazz musicians of all time and became one of the most widely regarded hard bop players.  Armed with his alto saxophone, he became a member of the Miles Davis Quintet in 1957 where he would go on to play with John Coltrane.  He would be a featured musician on Davis’ seminal records Milestones and Kind of Blue.  A phenomenally gifted player, he was actually called “the new Bird” after Charlie Parker’s death.  At times his playing was more diverse than Parker, using complex chromatic and continuous lines; but, he was also known for having a simpler blues and gospel influenced style.  He would also go on to record many important pieces with his brother Nat Adderley.  While he may not be as well known as Parker and Coltrane, he was one of the most important figures in the 1950s and 1960s jazz scene.", "in 2000 - Nathaniel Adderley dies at age 68. American jazz cornetist who played in the hard bop and soul jazz genres. Born in Tampa, Florida, Nat and his brother saxophonist Julian \"Cannonball\" Adderley played with Ray Charles in the early 1940s in Tallahassee. In the 1950s he worked with his brother's original group, with Lionel Hampton, and with J. J. Johnson, then in 1959 joined his brother's new quintet and stayed with it until Cannonball's death in 1975. He composed \"Work Song,\" \"Jive Samba,\" and \"The Old Country\" for this group. After his brother's death he led his own groups, recording extensively, releasing around 38 albums. During this period he worked with, among others, Ron Carter, Sonny Fortune, Johnny Griffin, Antonio Hart and Vincent Herring. He also helped in the founding and development of the annual Child of the Sun Jazz Festival, held annually at Florida Southern College in Lakeland.", "1931 ● Nathaniel “Nat” Adderley → Hard bebop and soul jazz cornet and trumpeteer player, wrote and recorded the now-standard “Work Song” in 1960, played with his brother Julian “Cannonball” Adderley in various jazz-pop bands, died from complications of diabetes on 1/2/2012, age 68", "Cannonball Adderley is one of the greats in alto saxophone history. He got popular just after Charlie Parker's death and at first was called the \"new Bird\". He was not a new Bird, but was a great sax player in his own right. His hard-edged tone and blues and soul influenced playing presaged the development of hard bop. Listening to Cannonball Adderley play his joyful, soulful sax is always rewarding.", "The Cannonball Adderley Quintet featured Cannonball on alto sax and his brother Nat Adderley on cornet. Cannonball's first quintet was not very successful; however, after leaving Davis' group, he formed another, again with his brother, which enjoyed more success.", "In 1961, Dankworth's recording of Galt MacDermot's \"African Waltz\" reached the UK Singles Chart, peaked at No. 9, and remained in the chart for 21 weeks. American altoist Cannonball Adderley sought and received Dankworth's permission to record the arrangement and had a minor hit in the US as a result. The piece was also covered by many other groups.", "Originally from Tampa, Florida, Adderley moved to New York in 1955. His nickname derived from “cannibal”, a title imposed on him by high school colleagues as a tribute to his voracious appetite.", "The death of Cannonball Adderley from a stroke on August 8, 1975, ended the career of a brilliant musician who left an indelible mark on the postwar jazz community. On Adderley’s death, Dan Morgenstern wrote in Down Beat that the alto master was a “man whose horizon extended beyond musical matters. Cannonball was active in civil rights and support for the arts.” Adderley’s contributions to the Reverend Jesse Jackson’s Operation Bread Basket and as a member of the Jazz Advisory Board of the National Endowment for the Arts reflected his commitment to the role of art and artists in social change. “Cannonball was a great artist,” commented Zawinul in Down Beat. “I never knew a musician who knew so much about different subjects. He always read Time and Newsweek, and he could discuss everything from heart surgery to politics. Cannon had more worldly wisdom than any musician I ever met.” This world vision and a true passion for music made Cannonball Adderley an educator of the human experience and a heralded genius during his lifetime and beyond.", "Ivor Novello David Ivor Davies (15 January 1893 – 6 March 1951), better known as Ivor Novello, was a Welsh composer, singer and actor who became one of the most popular British entertainers of the first half of the 20th century.", "Sir Michael Philip \"Mick\" Jagger (born 26 July 1943) is an English singer, songwriter and actor, best known as the lead singer and a co-founder of the Rolling Stones.", "By the end of the 1960s, Adderley's playing began to reflect the influence of the electric jazz, avant-garde, and Davis's experiments on the album Bitches Brew. On his albums from this period, such as Accent on Africa (1968) and The Price You Got to Pay to Be Free (1970), he began doubling on soprano saxophone, showing the influence of Coltrane and Wayne Shorter. In that same year, his quintet appeared at the Monterey Jazz Festival in California, and a brief scene of that performance was featured in the 1971 psychological thriller Play Misty for Me, starring Clint Eastwood. In 1975 he also appeared in an acting role alongside José Feliciano and David Carradine in the episode \"Battle Hymn\" in the third season of the TV series Kung Fu. ", "In 1955, Adderley traveled to New York City with his younger brother and lifelong musical partner, Nat Jr. (cornet). The elder Adderley sat in on a club date with bassist Oscar Pettiford and created such a furvor that he was signed almost immediately to a recording contract and was often (if not entirely accurately) called the new Bird.", "Bobby Ball was born Robert Harper, but changed his name to Ball when he formed the comedy double act Cannon and Ball with Tommy Cannon, who was born Thomas Derbyshire. Ball has possibly the worst moustache in this catalogue; it being untidy, scraggly and asymmetrical.", "Phil Collins was born in Chiswick, London, England, to Winifred (Strange), a theatrical agent, Greville Philip Austin Collins, an insurance agent. He spent most of his early entertainment life as a young actor and model. He played the \"Artful Dodger\" in the West End production of \"Oliver!\" alongside the future movie screen \"Artful Dodger,\" Jack Wild . His interest in music and drumming began at school, where he drummed with a stage school band \"The Real Thing,\" subsequently joining \"Freehold\" and \"Flaming Youth.\" \"Flaming Youth\" recorded an album to some critical acclaim, although the group disbanded shortly afterward. Collins later successfully auditioned for Genesis , taking over vocals from Peter Gabriel when he left the band in 1975.", "While Nat followed in his father’s footsteps and took up the cornet, Adderley migrated to the alto saxophone. He later learned to play tenor and soprano sax as well as the flute.", "The same year he moved to New York City, Adderley made a splash with a cameo at a nightclub. Praise was heaped upon him for his fast-paced, upbeat style, and it wasn’t long before some of the giants of jazz came calling.", "George Formby was born George Hoy Booth at 3 Westminster Street, Wigan, Lancashire, on 26 May 1904. He was the eldest of seven surviving children born to James Lawler Booth and his wife Eliza, Hoy, although this marriage was bigamous because Formby Sr was still married to his first wife, Martha Maria Salter, a twenty-year-old music hall performer. Booth was a successful music hall comedian and singer who performed under the name George Formby (he is now known as George Formby Sr). Formby Sr suffered from a chest ailment, identified variously as bronchitis, asthma or tuberculosis, and would use the cough as part of the humour in his act, saying to the audience, \"Bronchitis, I'm a bit tight tonight\", or \"coughing better tonight\". One of his main characters was that of John Willie, an \"archetypal Lancashire lad\". In 1906 Formby Sr was earning £35 a week at the music halls, which rose to £325 a week by 1920, and Formby grew up in an affluent home. Formby Sr was so popular that Marie Lloyd, the influential music hall singer and actress, would only watch two acts: his and that of Dan Leno.", "Dan Rice (January 23, 1823 – February 22, 1900) was an American entertainer of many talents, most famously as a clown, who was pre-eminent before the American Civil War. During the height of his career, Rice was a household name. Dan Rice was also an innovator, as he coined the terms \"One Horse Show\" and \"Greatest Show\" whilst becoming the pacesetter for the popularization of the barrel-style \"French\" cuff.", "is considered the first great white jazz performer. As a youngster, Bix studied piano, but he soon made the switch to cornet. Growing up in Davenport, Iowa, Beiderbecke's earliest exposure to jazz came from phonograph records. The allure of the music—and the lifestyle of jazz musicians—drew Bix to Chicago, even before he could graduate from the military high school near Chicago where his parents had sent him. The tragic brevity of his life is the stuff of legends. His career as a musician would take him in fairly short order from Chicago to St. Louis to New York, where he would eventually drink himself to death at age 28.", "Newley's beginnings in the entertainment industry go back to his departure from regular school at the age of 14. Soon after he was accepted as a student at the Italia Conti stage school and a few weeks later won the title role in the film The Adventures of Dusty Bates. The following year (1948), he starred in Peter Ustinov�s film Vice Versa and then as the Artful Dodger in David Lean�s classic production of Oliver Twist.", "Beaming from the billboards, Compton was a trend setter ahead of his times. The story is told of his approaching journalist Reg Hayter during the tour of South Africa in 1948-49, with a suitcase full of unopened letters. Hayter went through them and found one from the News of the World offering £2,000 a year for a weekly column. In the same suitcase was another piece of communication, sent a few months down the line, annulling the offer because there had been no response. Perplexed, Hayter introduced Compton to Bagenal Harvey, who became Britain’s first sportsman’s agent and started representing the batsman. It was Harvey who sealed the famous contract with Brylcreem.", "*In the 1997 documentary Wild Man Blues, Woody Allen, the director and clarinetist, repeatedly referred to Bechet. He named one of his children adopted with his wife Soon-Yi Previn after Bechet.", "The Deadly Companions (Brian Keith, 1961). In director Sam Peckinpah ’s first movie, Yellowleg (Brian Keith) has a rifle ball near his collarbone from the Civil War, and it often impairs the functioning of his right arm.  At the start of the movie, it causes him to accidentally shoot saloon girl Maureen O’Hara’s son, and you know it will come up again in a critical situation.", "Also Beatles-inspired: Buster Bloodvessel (Douglas William Trendle), the hefty, skinheaded frontman of UK ska group Bad Manners. Buster Bloodvessel was the name of Ivor Cutler's character in the Magical Mystery Tour film.", "While playing at Connie's Inn in Harlem, Mr. Armstrong also appeared on Broadway in the all- Negro review \"Hot Chocolates,\" in which he introduced Fats Waller's \"Ain't Misbehavin,'\" his first popular-song hit. (He later appeared as Bottom in \"Swingin' the Dream,\" a short-lived travesty on \"A Midsummer Night's Dream.\" Over the years he appeared in many movies, including \"Pennies From Heaven,\" \"A Song is Born,\" \"The Glenn Miller Story\" and \"High Society.\")", "While playing at Connie's Inn in Harlem, Mr. Armstrong also appeared on Broadway in the all- Negro review \"Hot Chocolates,\" in which he introduced Fats Waller's \"Ain't Misbehavin,'\" his first popular-song hit. (He later appeared as Bottom in \"Swingin' the Dream,\" a short-lived travesty on \"A Midsummer Night's Dream.\" Over the years he appeared in many movies, including \"Pennies From Heaven,\" \"A Song Is Born,\" \"The Glenn Miller Story\" and \"High Society.\")", "Following Russ’ recovery from an automobile accident in 1935, he approached his lifelong friend, Freddie Martin, for a job. The two had worked together earlier in the Paul Spect Orchestra. Freddy already had the good musicians, Artie Shaw and Charlie Spivak in his band and hired Russ to play the trombone." ]

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[ "Carrasco International Airport or as it is widely known in Uruguay, Aeropuerto Internacional de Carrasco General Cesareo L. Berisso, is a private airport owned and operated by Puerta del Sur. This company was appointed by the Uruguayan Government in 2003 to operate and improve the airport making it the major hub for Uruguay – this is the largest airport in the country and an airport improvement fee is charged to passengers.", "The Carrasco International Airport in Uruguay, the largest airport in the country, serves up to 2.8 million passengers a year. The 344,000-square-foot, three-story terminal is a dramatic and welcoming space for the passengers and visitors. The terminal modernizes and expands the passenger and cargo handling capacity of the existing facilities to promote tourism and commercial growth in the region.", "This page provides all the information you need to know about Carrasco International Airport, Uruguay. This page is created with the aim of helping travelers and tourists visiting Uruguay or traveling to Montevideo Airport.", "Carrasco/General Cesáreo L. Berisso International Airport is the international airport of Montevideo, the capital city of Uruguay. It also is the country's largest airport and is located in the namegiving Carrasco neighborhood located in the adjoining department of Canelones. It has been cited as one of the most efficient and traveler-friendly airports in Latin America and the world. ", "This report describes the typical weather at the Carrasco International Airport (Montevideo, Uruguay) weather station over the course of an average year. It is based on the historical records from 1976 to 2012. Earlier records are either unavailable or unreliable.", "PLUNA Líneas Aéreas Uruguayas S.A. was the flag carrier of Uruguay. It was headquartered in Carrasco, Montevideo and operated scheduled services within South America, as well as scheduled cargo and charter services from its hub at Carrasco International Airport.", "Carrasco International Airport , which serves Montevideo, is located 12 mi from the city centre. Several international airlines operate there. The airport serves over 1,500,000 passengers annually. Ángel S. Adami Airport is a private airport operated by minor charter companies.", "*: A Vickers 769D Viscount, registration CX-AQO, flying a scheduled Carrasco International Airport–Buenos Aires-Aeroparque service, ran off the end of the runway at the destination airport on landing. The damage wrote off the aircraft. All 57 passengers and crew survived the incident.", "Continental Portugal's 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) territory is serviced by three international airports located near the principal cities of Lisbon , Porto, Faro and Beja. Lisbon 's geographical position makes it a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country. The primary flag-carrier is TAP Portugal, although many other domestic airlines provide services within and without the country. The government decided to build a new airport outside Lisbon , in Alcochete, to replace Lisbon Portela Airport. Currently, the most important airports are in Lisbon , Porto, Faro, Funchal (Madeira), and Ponta Delgada (Azores), managed by the national airport authority group ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal.", "2007: A TAM Linhas Aereas Airbus A320 with 186 people on board crashed and burst into blames as it attempted to land at Congonhas Airport in Sao Paulo, Brazil. It skidded along a rain-soaked runway, jumped a busy highway, and slammed into a gas station and cargo terminal where some people on the ground were also killed. Two smaller planes spun out on the surface of the runway a day earlier at the airport, which is surrounded by South America's largest city but was built in 1919 on what were then the outskirts.", "TAP Portugal is the flag carrier airline of Portugal headquartered at Lisbon Humberto Delgado Airport which also serves as its hub. TAP is a member of the Star Alliance and operates almost 2,000 flights a week to 88 destinations in 38 countries worldwide. The company has a fleet of 88 airplanes, 63 of which manufactured by Airbus and 25 other are operated for TAP Portugal Express.", "Air service is important in the transportation of passengers and cargo. In 2004 there were an estimated 115 airports in Honduras, 11 of which had paved runways as of 2005. The two principal airports are Ramon Villeda, at San Pedro Sula, and Toncontín, about 6.4 km (4 mi) from Tegucigalpa. Toncontín is served by Transportes Aéros Nacionales de Honduras/Servicio Aéreo de Honduras (TAN/SAHSA), Líneas Aéreas Costarricenses (LACSA), Challenge, and TACA airlines and the domestic carrier Lineas Aéreas Nacionales (LANSA). TAN/SAHSA flies to the United States, Mexico, and other Central American countries and also provides domestic passenger service. In 2001, San Pedro Sula International Airport serviced 510,000 passengers on scheduled domestic and international flights.", "* Jacarepaguá-Roberto Marinho Airport: used by general aviation and home to the Aeroclube do Brasil (Brasil Flying club). The airport is located in the district of Baixada de Jacarepaguá, within the municipality of Rio de Janeiro approximately 30 km from the city center. ", "This traffic exceeds the current capacity of the airport, which has historically centralized the majority of air traffic in the country. An alternate option is Lic. Adolfo López Mateos International Airport (IATA Airport Code: TLC) in nearby Toluca, State of Mexico, although due to several airlines' decisions to terminate service to TLC, the airport has seen a passenger drop to just over 700,000 passengers in 2014 from over 2.1 million passengers just four years prior.", "Fly from Panama with COPA, Lima with Avianca, Asunción with BQB (and shortly with Alas Uruguay) and Santa Cruz (Bolivia) with Amaszonas. The excellent LAN flies from Chile of course.", "There are about 2,500 airports in Brazil, including landing fields: the second largest number in the world, after the United States. São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport, near São Paulo, is the largest and busiest airport with nearly 20 million passengers annually, while handling the vast majority of commercial traffic for the country. ", "2006 – Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907 collided in mid-air with an Embraer Legacy business jet near Peixoto de Azevedo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, killing 154 total people, and triggering a Brazilian aviation crisis.", "- May 30 – TACA Airlines Flight 390, an Airbus A320, overruns the runway at Toncontín International Airport in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, killing five (including two on ground).", "Campo Grande International Airport (CGR) Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Jump to: Map of Campo Grande International Airport, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso .", "Aerocon - flies from Trinidad to the harder to reach places of in northeastern Bolivia like Cobija, Guayaramerin, Riberalta and Santa Ana (La Paz region). They also fly to La Paz, Cochabamba, Tarija, Yacuiba, and Santa Cruz. In Santa Cruz, their office is in Aeropuerto El Trompillo.", "Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero) , previously known as Comalapa International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional de Comalapa); previous Official name El Salvador International Airport (Spanish: Aeropuerto Internacional El Salvador). is an airport located about 50 km from San Salvador in El Salvador. With 2,076,258 passengers in 2008, it is the busiest airport in El Salvador and third-busiest in Central America by passenger traffic.", "Visitors travelling by plane arrive at El Salvador International Airport in Comalapa, located on the beach forty-five minutes outside of the capital's city limits. The airport code is SAL.", "Texas's second-largest air facility is Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH). It served as the largest hub for the former Continental Airlines, which was based in Houston; it serves as the largest hub for United Airlines, the world's third-largest airline, by passenger-miles flown. IAH offers service to the most Mexican destinations of any U.S. airport. The next five largest airports in the state all serve over 3 million passengers annually; they include Austin-Bergstrom International Airport, William P. Hobby Airport, San Antonio International Airport, Dallas Love Field and El Paso International Airport. The smallest airport in the state to be designated an international airport is Del Rio International Airport.", "3 September 1989: a Boeing 737-241 registration PP-VMK operating flight 254 flying from São Paulo-Guarulhos to Belém-Val de Cães via Uberaba , Uberlândia , Goiânia , Brasília , Imperatriz , and Marabá crashed near São José do Xingu while on its last leg of the flight due to a pilot navigational error, which led to fuel exhaustion and a subsequent belly landing into the jungle, 450 miles (724 km) southwest of Marabá. Out of 54 occupants, there were 13 fatalities, all of them passengers. The survivors were discovered two days later. [66] [67]", "Major Airports: Ministro Pistarini International Airport (EZE), Jorge Newbery Airpark (AEP), Ing. Aer. Ambrosio L.V. Taravella International Airport (COR).", "A secondary airport, CATAM, serves as a base for Military and Police Aviation. This airport, which uses the runways of El Dorado will eventually move to Madrid, a nearby town in the region of Cundinamarca, leaving further space to expand El Dorado. ", "*2 August 1949: a Curtiss C-46AD-10-CU Commando registration PP-VBI operating a flight from São Paulo-Congonhas to Porto Alegre made an emergency landing on rough terrain near the location of Jaquirana, approximately 20 minutes before landing in Porto Alegre, following fire on the cargo hold. Of the 36 passengers and crew aboard, 5 died. ", "Mariscal Sucre International Airport serves as the city's principal airport for passenger travel and freight. The airport is located 18 km east of the city's center in the Tababela parish. It began operations on February 20, 2013, replacing the Old Mariscal Sucre International Airport located 10 km north of the city center within city limits. The old airport was replaced due to tall buildings and nighttime fog that made landing from the south difficult. The old airport has become a metropolitan park.", "The Congonhas Airport is in a very central region, 15 km (9 mi) from downtown. This airport handles most of the domestic flights, including the São Paulo - Rio (Santos Dumont) hop, nicknamed Ponte Aérea. As it was built in the 30s, its simple but glamorous architecture is worth seeing.", "Robert Mueller Municipal Airport ( ) was the first civilian airport built in Austin, Texas, operating from 1930 to 1999. It was replaced as Greater Austin's main airport by the Austin Bergstrom International Airport. Located a few miles northeast of downtown Austin, the airport was named after Robert Mueller, a city commissioner who had died while in office in January 1927. Mueller was identified with the three letter \"AUS\" airport code and this \"AUS\" code was then assigned to the Austin Bergstrom International Airport in 1999.", "Austin-Bergstrom International Airport has been impeccably planned for aviation transport and commercial aviation and also to serve the Texas Army National Guard and State Aircraft Pooling Board. This highly maintained airport has the most advanced amenities to cater to the individual passenger requirements. The restaurant and shops, here, offer a delicious array to satisfy people's taste buds. Besides this, the center in the Barbara Jordan Terminal stages a variety of musical performances and other cultural events to entertain people.", "In the 1950s, Carlos A. Madrazo became governor who promoted large public works, agricultural and industrial projects and initiated exploration for petroleum. The highway along the Gulf Coast linking eastern Tabasco with Veracruz and the Yucatan Peninsula was completed in 1956. During the same decade, a museum dedicated to the La Venta archeological site was founded by Carlos Pellicer ." ]

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[ "All three had budding ambitions to become famous singers. In 1957 Fabian was introduced to Bob Marcucci and Peter de Angelis, who headed Chancellor Records in Philadelphia and was signed to a recording contract.", "In March 1999, Fabian released her first live album, simply named Live, which debuted at #1 on the French charts. This helped seal an international recording contract with Sony Music. In May 1999, Fabian was honoured at the World Music Awards in Monaco, where she received Best Selling Record for the Year 1998 for her album Pure. In July 1999, with over six million records already sold across Europe, Polydor rereleased Fabian's self-titled debut album.", "After the success of Carpe diem, Fabian signed a contract with the French Polydor label for several albums and Pure was released in June 1997. Pure sold over two million copies in France; the album went platinum in less than two weeks, and spawned several hit singles: \"Tout\", \"Je t'aime\", \"Humana\", each of which sold more than a million copies, and the anti-homophobia anthem \"La Différence\". The album won a Félix for Popular Album of the Year at the 1997 ADISQ gala and was nominated for two Juno Awards in the Best Selling French Album category, and for Fabian as Best Female Singer.", "in 1943 - Fabian (actually, Fabiano Forte), one of the first teen idols of the rock and roll era, is born at Philadelphia. One of a gaggle of cute pop singers, Fabian proved only slightly less durable than his Philadelphia neighbor, Frankie Avalon. Avalon was already recording for an upstart Philly label called Chancellor. The label's owners, Pete DeAngelis and Bob Marcucci, turned Avalon into a teen idol and wanted someone else on whom to work their magic. Avalon introduced them to his 15-year-old friend Fabiano Forte. Despite the fact that Forte had failed chorus, they decided to work with him.", "In February 1998, Fabian received the Discovery of the Year award during the Victoires de la Musique Gala. Also in 1998, Polydor released Carpe diem in Europe, securing her international popularity. In November 1998, she received the Félix Award for Artist with the Most Recognition Outside Quebec at the 'ADISQ Gala'. In December, she was voted Revelation of the Year by Paris Match, which put her on its cover to mark this occasion.", "Thus, he signed with RCA Records, then one of the three biggest labels in the world (the others being Columbia and Decca), even as he organized his own publishing company, Kags Music, and a record label, SAR, through which he would produce other artists' records -- among those signed to SAR were the Soul Stirrers , Bobby Womack (late of the Valentinos , who were also signed to the label), former Soul Stirrers member Johnny Taylor , Billy Preston , Johnnie Morisette , and the Simms Twins.", "Fabian Anthony Forte -- who really only needs one name: Fabian -- was one of those three-year teen idols, starting his recording career in 1958 when he was 14 and wrapping it up at 17.", "Helen Folasade Adu (born 16 January 1959), better known as Sade, is a British singer-songwriter, composer, and record producer. Sade was born in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Her middle name, Folasade, means \"honor confers your crown.\"  When Sade was 11, she moved to live at Holland-on-Sea with her mother, and after completing school at 18 she moved to London and studied at the Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design. While at college, she joined a soul band, Pride, in which she sang backing vocals. Her solo performances of the song \"Smooth Operator\" attracted the attention of record companies and in 1983, she signed a solo deal with Epic Records, taking three members of the band with her. Sade and her band produced the first of a string of hit albums, the debut album Diamond Life, in 1984, and have subsequently sold over 50 million albums. She is the most successful solo female artist in British history.", "After the dissolve of Spandau Ballet in 1990, Tony eventually embarked on solo career signing to EMI records & recording his first album \"The State of Play\"! After leaving EMI Tony formed his own record company and his first release was to be the much acclaimed single \"Build Me up\" from the film \"When Saturday Comes\"! Shortly after that in December 1996 Tony embarked on an orchestral tour of Europe along with Joe Cocker, Paul Michiels, Dani Klein and Guo Yue playing to 500,000 people in 6 weeks.", "EMI Group Limited, also known as EMI Music or simply EMI, was a British multinational music recording and publishing company, and electronics device and systems manufacturing company, headquartered in London, United Kingdom. At the time of its break-up in 2012 it was the fourth-largest business group and family of record labels in the recording industry and was one of the big four record companies. Its record labels included EMI Records, Parlophone and Capitol Records. EMI Group also had a major publishing arm, EMI Music Publishing – also based in London with offices globally. The company was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index, but faced financial troubles and $4 billion in debt, leading to its acquisition by Citigroup in February 2011. Citigroup's ownership was temporary, as it announced in November 2011 that it would sell its music arm to Vivendi's Universal Music Group for $1.9 billion, and EMI's publishing business to a Sony/ATV consortium for around $2.2 billion. Other members of the Sony consortium include The Estate of Michael Jackson, Blackstone and Abu Dhabi-owned investment fund Mubadala. Both before and after the sale announcement, Universal Music Group pledged to sell off EMI assets to the value of half a billion euros.", "In Los Angeles, Fabian worked with Dave Stewart on a \"multilingual\" album, reputed to include songs in English, Spanish, French, Italian and a few other languages. This album is expected to be released in late 2008.", "The album debuted at #1 on the Billboard 'Heatseekers' album chart, reached #1 on the French album chart and #2 on the Belgian album chart. For the Asian version of the album, Fabian collaborated with American-Taiwanese pop star Leehom Wang on the song \"Light of My Life\".", "In 2009 Barlow began work on his own record label Future Records, a branch from Universal Music, and signed his first artist, classical singer Camilla Kerslake. Since then Barlow has also signed UK rapper Aggro Santos to his label who scored two top 10 UK hits and a further top 20 single, and the winner of Sky 1's Must Be The Music, Emma's Imagination who also achieved two top 10 UK singles and a top 15 charting debut album. In 2013 Barlow's discovery A*M*E released her first single which debuted at number 1 on the UK Singles Chart. Gary Barlow has since closed down the record label to focus on his own career and family commitments. ", "In October 1994, armed with a catalogue of demos and dance routines, the group began touring management agencies. The group was introduced to record producers Absolute, who in turn brought them to the attention of Simon Fuller of 19 Management. The girls began a relationship with Fuller and finally signed with him in March 1995. During the summer of that year the group toured record labels in London and Los Angeles and finally signed a deal with Virgin Records in September 1995. From this point up to the summer of 1996, the Spice Girls (as they were then known) continued to write and record tracks for their debut album while extensively touring the west coast of America, where they had signed a publishing deal with Windswept Pacific.", "After a sabbatical in 2004, Fabian returned to the music scene spring of 2005 with her fifth French album, 9. It marked a different direction in Fabian's musical and personal life. The album is performed differently, with smoothness, serenity and with a lot of joy, far from the in-depth and dramatic vibes of earlier recordings.", "Though he gave up the recording career 40 years ago, he hasn't stopped performing. He travels the country with \"Fabian's Goodtime Rock 'n' Roll Show,\" featuring acts from the '50s and '60s, and as the Golden Boys with Avalon and Rydell. In January, he will receive his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.", "Williams announced that he was working on a new album after signing with Sony Music. It is rumoured to be worth £150 million, the most expensive signing for Sony Music in history.", "Life thru a Lens is the debut solo studio album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams. It was Williams' first solo album following his departure from Take That. Released on 29 September 1997 through EMI Records, it is influenced by Britpop, a departure from the poppier tone of music Take That employed.", "At this stage she had three songs. Dickins pointed her towards Dylan's Make You Feel My Love. Now she had four. He took her on and went back to XL. Richard Russell, the label's boss, signed her up even though her easy listening vibe (she called it acoustic soul) was not exactly true to his rave roots. The teenage girl who was into mainstream pop acts like Destiny's Child and Gabrielle was joining a roster that included the White Stripes and The Prodigy. It was now autumn 2006.", "During the 1980s, Fabian entered a number of European competitions and won several prizes. She released her first single, \"L'Aziza est en pleurs\" / \"Il y avait\" in 1986. Both songs were written by the Belgian composer Marc Lerchs as an homage to Daniel Balavoine.", "In February 2007, Leona Lewis signed a £5 million ($9.7 million) five-album contract in the United States with Clive Davis’s record label, J Records, and showcased for several American music executives. A press release was sent out revealing that Cowell and Davis would work together in a first-of-its-kind partnership on both the song and producer selection for Leona Lewis’s debut album, entitled Spirit.", "Nowadays, Levy has a much higher profile. Over the past few years, he has transformed the once-sleepy classical music company into an entertainment powerhouse in the U.S. He has snapped up three major U.S. record labels, the most recent being the $325 million purchase of Motown Record Corp. last year. Along the way, PolyGram's U.S. arm has become the home of such pop royalty as U2, Aaron Neville, and INXS.", "Leona Lewis is a British pop artist and was a winner of the UK talent show \"The X Factor\". As of 2013, Lewis has sold over 28 million albums worldwide, making her the best-selling artist produced from The X Factor.", "After Magnet was sold, Levy set up M&G Records with backing from Polygram. M&G Records was so named as it was the initials of Michael and his wife Gilda, and featured acts such as Zoe who had a top five hit with \"Sunshine on a Rainy Day\" and Pele who had success with \"Fair blows the wind for France\". Polygram were then bought out and the company was eventually sold to Bertelsmann (BMG) in 1997.", "\"No Big Deal\", \"Intoxicated\", \"Conquered\", \"Unbreakable\" for Belgian/Canadian female singer Lara Fabian, included on her 2004 album A Wonderful Life", "The Pet Shop Boys have collaborated with David Bowie, Electronic, Liza Minelli, Dusty Springfield, Tina Turner, Robbie Williams, and Kylie Minogue, and have recorded a wildly diverse array of covers, including songs originally popularized by Elvis Presley, U2, Frankie Valli, Stephen Sondheim, and the Village People. The group has always balanced wry, quintessentially English lyrics with unforgettable melodies and danceable electronic rhythms, and in the process have become one of the greatest current examples of a successful marriage of art and commerce - their songs nearly always feature all of the hallmarks of classic pop music. Pet Shop Boys owes their long-term career to the ability to bridge melodic pop and dance music with intelligence and style. The Pet Shop Boys' smart and utterly danceable music established them among the most commercially and critically successful groups of their era. Always remaining one step ahead of their contemporaries, the British duo navigated the constantly shifting landscape of modern dance-pop with grace and intelligence, moving easily from disco to house to techno with their own distinctive image remaining completely intact. The group's eleven previous albums have achieved gold, platinum and multi-platinum status in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. A truly worldwide success story.", "Damon Albarn, (born March 23, 1968 in Whitechapel, London, England), is an English singer and songwriter who gained fame as the lead singer of rock band Blur, though as of late, Albarn has been more active as a member of Gorillaz and as a solo artist. Recently, he also has released an album with Blur called \"The Magic Whip\", and a solo album called \"Everyday Robots\".", "Life thru a Lens was the first solo album by English pop singer Robbie Williams after his former band Take That split. After trying to find his own sound during a harrowing period for him, recordings for the album began at London's Maison Rouge studios in March of that year, shortly after his introduction to Guy Chambers.", "Image caption Founding member Robbie Williams, left the band in 1995 but rejoined for an album in 2010", "DJ and multi award-winning producer Calvin Harris was the first artist announced on this morning’s show. The chart-topping superstar’s hit track ‘This Is What You Came For’ featuring Rihanna stormed to the top of The Vodafone Big Top 40 two days after its release and was the summer’s second most streamed song this year.  Jetting in to London to perform especially for Capital listeners in between two huge Las Vegas shows, Calvin will raise the roof when he plays the biggest anthems of the year for 16,000 Capital listeners.", "Calvin Harris / Disclosure / Ellie Goulding / John Newman / Naughty Boy / Olly Murs / One Direction / Passenger / Rudimental", "On 7 October 2013, Harris and Swedish DJ Alesso released a collaborative single with synthpop duo Hurts called \"Under Control\" as the first single from his fourth album. The song debuted at number one in the UK. Later that month, Harris remixed The Killers' song \"When You Were Young\" for the deluxe edition of their greatest hits album Direct Hits. He unveiled the full six-minute version through Rolling Stone and told the magazine: \"It was a real honour to be asked to remix one of my favourite modern bands, and it was an exciting challenge for me to update this classic track for the dance-floor in a tasteful and respectful way\". " ]

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[ "The previous round-the-world helicopter speed record has stood since 1996, when pilots Ron Bower and John Williams flew a Bell 430–outfitted with auxiliary fuel tanks–20,508 miles in 17 days, 6 hours and 14 minutes.", "Only a third of the way around the world, helicopter pilot Ron Bower knows he's going to set a speed record.", "Simon O-H holds the Eastbound record. The absolute record remains the '96 Bell 430 flight by Ron Bower and John Williams, which was set Westbound (i.e. flying against the prevailing winds).", "In 1929, The Graf Zeppelin, LZ-127, made a world flight. Stops were made at Friedrichshafen, Tokyo and Los Angeles. It took 21 days, 7 hours, 34 minutes, a new record for round-the-world travel by any means.", "In 1931, Wiley Post and navigator Harold Gatty circled the globe in the Winnie Mae, a Lockheed Vega. Traveling over 15,000 miles, they pair didn't sleep for 8 days and 16 hours, thus smashing the Graf Zepplin's record of 21+ days.", "In June, Nick Sanders, 39, sets a new world record for circumnavigating the globe by motorcycle. He does it in 31 days, 21 hours on a Daytona 900, riding alone through four continents, covering 18,000 miles. Sander's first world record came in 1981 when he rode a bicycle around the world in 138 days, covering 13,609 miles. He broke that record in 1985, doing it in 78 days. In 1993, he practiced for the motorcycle event in 1993, riding 38,000 miles around the world.", "In October 1953, the Viscount 700 prototype G-AMAV achieved the fastest time (40 hours 41 minutes flying time) in the transport section of the 12,367 mi (19,903 km) air race from London to Christchurch , New Zealand. The aircraft averaged 320 mph (520 km/h) in the event, crossing the finishing line nine hours ahead of its closest rival, a Douglas DC-6 A of KLM , with the latter winning on handicap. En route, equipped with extra fuel tanks, it flew 3,530 mi (5,680 km) nonstop from the Cocos (Keeling) Islands to Melbourne's Essendon Airport in 10 hours 16 minutes (343.8 mph). [21] [47] [48]", "As of 2005, Warby�s record still stands. There have only been two official attempts to break it. Lee Taylor tried to get the record back in 1980. Inspired by the land speed record cars Blue Flame and Budweiser Rocket, Taylor built a rocket-powered boat, Discovery II. The 40-foot long craft was a reverse three point design, similar to John Cobb�s Crusader, albeit of a much longer length. Originally Taylor tested the boat on Walker Lake in Nevada but his backers demanded a more accessible location, so Taylor switched to Lake Tahoe. An attempt was set for November 13, 1980, but when conditions on the lake proved unfavourable, Taylor decided against trying for the record. Not wanting to disappoint the assembled spectators and media, he decided to do a test run instead. At 270 mph (435 km/h) Discovery II hit a swell and one of the floats collapsed, sending the boat plunging into the water. Taylor�s body and his destroyed craft were never recovered. In 1989, Craig Arfons, nephew of famed record breaker Art Arfons, tried for the record in his all-carbon-fibre Rain X Challenger, but died when the hydroplane somersaulted at 300 mph (483 km/h).", "At this time, yet another land speed driver entered the fray. Englishman John Cobb , was hoping to beat 320 km/h (200 mph) in his jet-powered, all-aluminium built Crusader. A radical design, the Crusader reversed the �three-pointer� design, placing the floats at the rear of the hull. On September 29, 1952, Cobb tried for a 320 km/h (200 mph) record on Loch Ness. Travelling at an estimated speed of 386 km/h (240 mph), Crusader's front plane collapsed and the craft instantly disintegrated. Cobb was rescued from the water but died of shock soon afterward.", "At this time, yet another land speed driver entered the fray. Englishman John Cobb , was hoping to beat 320 km/h (200 mph) in his jet-powered, all-aluminium built Crusader. A radical design, the Crusader reversed the �three-pointer� design, placing the floats at the rear of the hull. On September 29, 1952, Cobb tried for a 320 km/h (200 mph) record on Loch Ness. Travelling at an estimated speed of 386 km/h (240 mph), Crusader's front plane collapsed and the craft instantly disintegrated. Cobb was rescued from the water but died of shock soon afterward.", "Finally, in 1999 the first around the world flight was completed by Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones. Leaving from Switzerland and landing in Africa, they smashed all previous distance records, flying for 19 days, 21 hours and 55 minutes. Follow this link for a more detailed description and breakdown of the flight in our Around the World Flights section.", "Tragically, John Cobb lost his life in 1952 while attempting to break the water speed record at Loch Ness in the jet-powered speed boat named the Crusader which was also designed by Railton. Who knows what other records he might have broken had he lived. Cobb was traveling at a speed of 200 mph (320 km/h) when the Crusader bounced on the water multiple times and broke apart in dramatic bits in front of his wife and the on-looking crowd. The documentary footage of this event is gripping.", "A new world speed record was set on 3 October 1967 when an X-15A-2 flown by William J Knight achieved Mach 6.70 (4,520 mph). This record stood for the next 35 years.", "In  January 1937, after further work on the Gamma H-1 (using the wind tunnel at Cal-Tech, which he helped to fund), he cut yet another two hours off his own record, crossing the country in seven hours and twenty-eight minutes. Aviation professionals regarded the feat as reckless because he flew much of the way at altitudes above fifteen thousand feet (4,572m) without any special oxygen equipment. Hughes� crowning achievement came on July 14, I938, when he shattered  Wiley Post�s round-the-globe speed record by circling the Northern Hemisphere (essentially Post�s route) in three days, nineteen hours, and eight minutes (about half the eight days Post needed). When Hughes� Lockheed twin-engine 14-N Super Electra, which was equipped with two enormous Wright Cyclone engines, the most powerful available, landed at Floyd Bennet Field, a throng of twenty-five thousand New Yorkers rushed onto the field to the plane to congratulate him. Upon his return, Hughes was given a ticker tape parade down Broadway in New York City. He was at the height of his popularity.", "To make matters worse, American Craig Breedlove drove his pure thrust jet car ‘Spirit of America’ to a speed of 407.45 mph at Bonneville in July 1963. Although the ‘car’ did not conform to FIA (Federation Internationale de L’Automobile) regulations that stipulated it had to be wheel-driven and have a minimum of four wheels, in the eyes of the world Breedlove was now the fastest man on earth.", "From 1903 to 1935, the hard-packed sand beach in Daytona, Florida became famous worldwide as the perfect place to beat speed records. No fewer than 80 official records were set there, 14 of which were for the fastest speed in the world. A sign at the location of the measured mile � a mile marked on the sand that served as a gauge to calculate the speed of the racers � listed, at the time, several of the most famous feats. They included those of W.K. Vanderbilt in 1904, who at 92 mph (148 km/h) set the first world record in Daytona, and Barney Oldfield and his Lightning Benz, who was anointed the king of speed in 1910 at 131 mph (210 km/h). After setting his record, Oldfield declared his speed to be �as near to the absolute limit of speed as humanity will ever travel�.", "In 1924, the American duos Lowell Smith and Leslie Arnold and Erik Nelson and John Harding carried out the first round-the-world trip from Seattle to Seattle in the United States aboard two Douglas DT2s. The journey took them 175 days -- from April 6 to September 28 -- or 371 hours and 11 minutes of flying time over 66 days.", "American, Charles M. Murphy also known as 'Mile A Minute Murphy' set a world speed record when he covered a mile in 57.8 seconds on his bicycle. Murphy laid down about three miles of planking between some railway tracks and had a shield built to attach to the rear carriage of a locomotive. During the record attempt he rode his bicycle flat out along the planking, in the slipstream of the locomotive shield, which provided him with a measure of wind resistance.", "Lee Taylor tried to get the record back in 1980. Inspired by the land speed record cars Blue Flame and Budweiser Rocket, Taylor built a rocket-powered boat, Discovery II. The 40 ft long craft was a reverse three-point design, similar to John Cobb's Crusader, albeit of much greater length.", "In 1988 BBC Television screened \"Across The Lake\", a drama documentary about Donald Campbell with Anthony Hopkins in the lead role while ten years later in 1998 Britain's Royal Mail issued a set of postage stamps commemorating wheel driven World Land Speed Record cars with Malcolm Campbell's 151 mph Bluebird of 1925 on the 20p stamp,  Henry Segraves 152 mph Sunbeam of 1926 on the 26p, John Parry-Thomas's 171mph Babs of 1926 on the 30p, John Cobb's 394 mph Railton Mobil Special of 1947 on the 43p and Donald Campbell's 403 mph Bluebell CN7 of 1964 on the 63p.", "The Irving Napier Special, Golden Arrow, also did its record run at Daytona because at the time there wasn’t a straightaway long enough in Europe for the job. Built by the KLG Robin Hood Works, Putney Vale, London, Major Seagrave was again the driver in 1929 when it did 231.446 mph (372.476 km/h) – breaking the record by an easy 24 mph (38 km/h), and setting Britain on a 20-year run of holding the World Land Speed Record.", "PA News photo 17/7/64 Donald Campbell at the wheel, \"Bluebird\" flashes through the measured mile on its way to a new world land speed mark on the salt flats at Lake Eyre, South Australia. On two runs over the measured mile Campbell attained 403.1 miles an hour, compared with John Cobb's 1947 record 394.196 mph.", "1947: Capt. Charles E. “Chuck” Yeager pilots the rocket-powered Bell X-1 to a speed of Mach 1.07, becoming the first person to fly faster than the speed of sound. In breaking the sound barrier, Yeager becomes the fastest man alive — and the legend of the X-Planes begins.", "Chevvron, Campbell got 403.1 mph in 1983. The 'American wheel driven' record that you may be thinking of was set by the Summers brothers (Bob driving) in 1965 record at 409.277mph. This was finally beaten in2001 by Don Vesco (also American), with 458.440 MPH.", "In 1947 John Cobb was awarded the Segrave Trophy and then posthumously in 1953 he was honored with the Queen�s Commendation for Brave Conduct �for services in attempting to break the world�s water speed record, and in research into high speed on water, in the course of which he lost his life.�", "On , 1953, the U.S. Navy program involving the D-558-II Skyrocket and its pilot, Scott Crossfield, became the first team to reach twice the speed of sound. After they were bested, Ridley and Yeager decided to beat rival Crossfield's speed record in a series of test flights that they dubbed \"Operation NACA Weep.\" Not only did they beat Crossfield, but they did it in time to spoil a celebration planned for the 50th anniversary of flight in which Crossfield was to be called \"the fastest man alive.\"", "1983 – Richard Noble sets a new land speed record of 633.468 mph (1,019 km/h), driving Thrust 2 at the Black Rock Desert of Nevada.", "USAF Capt. Charles E. Yeager (shown standing with the Bell X-1 supersonic rocket plane) became the first man to fly faster than the speed of sound in level flight on Oct. 14, 1947.", "One of Bannister’s best friends was Norris McWhirter, who would go on to start the Guinness World Record publishing phenomenon. It is no exaggeration that this was the Space Race of its era, and McWhirter was obsessed that Bannister and Britain would get their first. He would constantly feed Bannister information from around the world – what times Santee and Landy were recording, when they were next running.", "In 1947, Englishman John Cobb, had set an outright Land Speed Record of 394.20mph which for years had stood unchallenged.  It now became Campbell’s obsession to recapture the record his father had held nine times.  He even toyed with the idea of breaking both the water and land record on the same day!", "Richard Noble broke the land speed record 30 years ago. Then he led a team that went supersonic. Now the goal is 1000mph.", "Between 1924 and 1935 Malcolm Campbell broke the World Land Speed Record nine times.  In doing so he became the first man to travel at four miles a minute and at 150, 250 and 300 mph. " ]

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[ "Garry Winogrand (14 January 1928 – 19 March 1984) was a street photographer from the Bronx, New York, known for his portrayal of American life, and its social issues, in the mid-20th century. Though he photographed in Los Angeles and elsewhere, Winogrand was essentially a New York photographer. ", "The first retrospective in twenty-five years of work by Garry Winogrand (1928–1984)—the renowned photographer of New York City and of American life from the 1950s through the early 1980s—this exhibition brings together more than 175 of the artist's most iconic images, a trove of unseen prints, and even Winogrand's famed series of photos made at the Metropolitan Museum in 1969 when the Museum celebrated its centennial. It offers a rigorous overview of Winogrand's complete working life and reveals for the first time the full sweep of his career.", "Born in the Bronx, Winogrand did much of his best-known work in Manhattan during the 1960s, and in both the content of his photographs and his artistic style he became one of the principal voices of that eruptive decade. Known primarily as a street photographer, Winogrand, who is often associated with famed contemporaries Diane Arbus and Lee Friedlander, photographed with dazzling energy and incessant appetite, exposing some twenty thousand rolls of film in his short lifetime. He photographed business moguls, everyday women on the street, famous actors and athletes, hippies, politicians, soldiers, animals in zoos, rodeos, car culture, airports, and antiwar demonstrators and the construction workers who beat them bloody in view of the unmoved police. Daily life in postwar America—rich with new possibility and yet equally anxious, threatening to spin out of control—seemed to unfold for him in a continuous stream.", "Photography curator, historian, and critic John Szarkowski called Winogrand the central photographer of his generation. Critic Sean O'Hagan, writing in The Guardian in 2014, said \"In the 1960s and 70s, he defined street photography as an attitude as well as a style – and it has laboured in his shadow ever since, so definitive are his photographs of New York.\" Phil Coomes, writing for BBC News in 2013, said \"For those of us interested in street photography there are a few names that stand out and one of those is Garry Winogrand, whose pictures of New York in the 1960s are a photographic lesson in every frame.\" ", "Which is not to say that Winogrand, a bluntspoken, sweet-natured native New Yorker, who had the voice of a Bronx cabbie and the intensity of a pig hunting truffles, was by any means unknown or unrewarded for his work. During his short life (he died of gall bladder cancer at age 56) he won a Guggenheim fellowship, was featured in Edward Steichen's classic \"Family of Man\" exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, and later figured prominently in two major photography shows, also at MoMA, curated by Steichen's successor John Szarkowski, one of Winogrand's early champions.", "Arguably one of the most prolific photographers of our time, Garry Winogrand’s first retrospective in 25 years, is at SFMoMA through June 2, 2013. Garry Winogrand, Coney Island, New York, ca. 1952; gelatin silver print; collection The Museum of Modern Art, New York, purchase and gift of Barbara Schwartz in memory of Eugene M. Schwartz; © The Estate of Garry Winogrand, courtesy Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco.", "While Winogrand is widely considered one of the greatest photographers of the twentieth century, his overall body of work and influence on the field remain incompletely explored. He was enormously prolific but largely postponed the editing and printing of his work. The act of taking pictures was far more fulfilling to Winogrand than making prints or editing for books and exhibitions; he often allowed others to perform these tasks for him. Dying suddenly at the age of 56, he left behind proof sheets from his earlier years that he had marked but never printed, as well as approximately 6,600 rolls of film (some 250,000 images) that he had never seen, more than one-third of which he had never developed at all; these rolls of film were developed after his death.", "Garry Winogrand, Metropolitan Opera, New York, ca. 1951; gelatin silver print; Garry Winogrand Archive, Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona; The Estate of Garry Winogrand, courtesy Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco", "The 1964 photographs are the result of Winogrand's cross-country Guggenheim-funded odyssey in a battered 1957 Ford Fairlane, given to him by his friend Lee Friedlander. \"This is Garry Winogrand's America book,\" Stack says in her afterword to Winogrand 1964. And, indeed, Winogrand set off on his journey mindful that he had huge photographic shoes to fill. Years earlier, Walker Evans had given the world American Photographs and the Swiss-born Robert Frank had raised the bar even further with his seminal book, The Americans.", "Szarkowski, the Director of Photography at New York's MoMA, became an editor and reviewer of Winogrand's work. Szarkowski called him the central photographer of his generation.", "At the time of his death his late work remained largely unprocessed, with about 2,500 rolls of undeveloped film, 6,500 rolls of developed but not proofed exposures, and about 3,000 rolls only realised as far as contact sheets being made. In total he left nearly 300,000 unedited images. The Garry Winogrand Archive at the Center for Creative Photography (CCP) comprises over 20,000 fine and work prints, 20,000 contact sheets, 100,000 negatives and 30,500 35 mm colour slides as well as a small number of Polaroid prints and several amateur and independent motion picture films. Some of his undeveloped work was exhibited posthumously, and published by MoMA in the overview of his work Winogrand, Figments from the Real World (2003). Yet more from his largely unexamined archive of early and late work, plus well known photographs, were included in a retrospective touring exhibition beginning in 2013 and in the accompanying book Garry Winogrand (2013).", "Garry Winogrand, New York, ca. 1962; gelatin silver print; Garry Winogrand Archive, Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona; The Estate of Garry Winogrand, courtesy Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco", "Today, as many have insisted, the myth that photographs tell the truth has been replaced by the myth that they tell lies, 6 and Winogrand’s brilliantly pithy pronouncements should be seen as both symptoms and agents of this reversal, far in advance of any digital “revolution.” But how did someone whose work is so full of accident, humor, and unresolved chaos come to espouse a notion of photography that is so reductive, formally ironic, and narrowly mediumistic? Part of the answer is surely generational: Winogrand came of age at a moment when the Life magazine-style photo narrative was the dominant model of production, and resisting that model required a rigid, even hyperbolic rhetorical stance. The prestige of Szarkowski’s influential exhibitions, too, must be recognized as giving Winogrand the license to refrain from explaining his work in the way that artists are customarily expected to today. Lastly, Susan Sontag’s essays on photography from the late 1960s must be counted as a major influence. Sontag, approaching photography from a fundamentally literary perspective, dismantled humanistic claims for photography’s benevolence with an unprecedented ferocity. (It was Sontag, too, who drew the historical connection between the flâneur and the street photographer.) 7 Winogrand read Sontag, and took note, even directing his students to read her book Against Interpretation (1966) as a guide to understanding his own work. 8", "Garry Winogrand, New York World's Fair, 1964; gelatin silver print; Collection SFMOMA, Gift of Dr. L. F. Peede, Jr.; The Estate of Garry Winogrand, courtesy Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco", "Garry Winogrand, Los Angeles, ca.1980-83; gelatin silver print; Garry Winogrand Archive, Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona; The Estate of Garry Winogrand, courtesy Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco", "Lee Friedlander was born in the US in 1934. In a career extending across 5 decades Friedlander has maintained an obsessive focus on the portrayal of the American social landscape. His breakthrough in the eyes of the wider public came with the New Documents exhibition at the MoMA in 1967, where his work was presented alongside that of Diane Arbus and Garry Winogrand. Friedlander accumulated numerous awards during his career, including the MacArthur Foundation Award and three Guggenheim Fellowships. He also published more than twenty books. His work has been shown at many venues around the world, including the Whitney Museum of American Art and the MoMA in New York, San Francisco’s SFMOMA, the MAMM in Moscow and the National Museum of Photography in Copenhagen.”", "El Morocco, New York, 1955. From the estate of Garry Winogrand, courtesy of Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco.", "* 2013/2014: Garry Winogrand, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, March–June 2013 and toured; National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., March–June 2014; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, June–September 2014; Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, Paris, October 2014–February 2015. ", "“I’m not a Winogrand expert,” Graham said the other day, outside the Winogrand retrospective at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. A slightly built man, with unspringy black curls and a youthful mien, Graham was wearing a plaid shirt, gray-blue sneakers, and a pair of Clark Kent glasses. “I don’t know how many wives he had. I’m just a fan. But I’m not a blind fan.” Graham, who won the prestigious Hasselblad Award in 2012, said that he took inspiration for “A Shimmer of Possibility,” his own study of American life, from Winogrand’s koan-like belief that “there is nothing as mysterious as a fact clearly described.”", "Some pictures are triumphantly simple. The strolling lady and gentleman in New York (1962) are on top of the world, crowned with sunshine, and flush with the pleasures of material comforts. It’s an unfussy, ebullient picture of the postwar American boom, of capitalism gone right. I think of this couple (who grace the cover of the exhibition’s catalog) as the loose counterpart to the middle class couple in Gustave Caillebotte’s Paris Street, Rainy Day (1877). In juxtaposition, the photographic focus effects of the Caillebotte and the faintly painterly composition of the Winogrand, both in the service of a passing pedestrian glance, chart a deep but fractured historical symmetry whose details could easily fill a book.", "Garry Winogrand (American, 1928 - 1984) 22.7 × 34.3 cm (8 15/16 × 13 1/2 in.) 84.XM.1023.17", "Winogrand, Garry; Leo Rubinfien, editor, et al. (2013). Garry Winogrand. New Haven, CT, Yale University Press.", "Garry Winogrand, Los Angeles, 1980–83. Posthumous digital reproduction from original negative, 8 3⁄4 x 13 1⁄4 inches. © The Estate of Garry Winogrand. Courtesy Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco.", "Such scenes of straightforward ironic difference, however, are generally few and far between. More commonly, Winogrand looked to the play of manners recorded by the photographic encounter itself, as when he cornered a group of men in an elevator, or recorded the faces of passersby in the street, often cropping their bodies disruptively. His signature approach of the 1960s quickly became a recognizable stylistic template: a wide angle shot stuffed with the incongruous faces, gestures, and reactions of New Yorkers in public space. Like Diane Arbus, he was attracted to images in which a person’s managed self-presentation can be seen to break down. But unlike Arbus, he didn’t make a business of fetishizing people’s abnormalities. He is sometimes compared to Weegee, but this comparison mainly serves to highlight their obvious differences: Weegee’s attraction to shocking, graphic subjects and Winogrand’s preference for the surreality of the everyday.", "Gore Vidal (; born Eugene Louis Vidal; October 3, 1925 – July 31, 2012) was an American writer (of novels, essays, screenplays, and stage plays) and a public intellectual known for his patrician manner, epigrammatic wit, and polished style of writing. ", "Warhol showed early artistic talent and studied commercial art at the School of Fine Arts at Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (now Carnegie Mellon University).[9] In 1949, he moved to New York City and began a successful career in magazine illustration and advertising. During the 1950s, he gained fame for his whimsical ink drawings of shoe advertisements. These were done in a loose, blotted-ink style, and figured in some of his earliest showings at the Bodley Gallery in New York. With the concurrent rapid expansion of the record industry and the introduction of the vinyl record, Hi-Fi, and stereophonic recordings, RCA Records hired Warhol, along with another freelance artist, Sid Maurer, to design album covers and promotional materials.[10]", "A two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning American composer born and living in New York City. He studied with Nadia Boulanger in Paris in the 1930s, and then returned to the United States. After a neoclassical phase, he went on to write atonal, rhythmically complex music. His compositions, which have been performed all over the world, include orchestral and chamber music as well as solo instrumental and vocal works.", "Jean Paul Gaultier (born 24 April 1952 in Arcueil, Val-de-Marne, France) is a French fashion designer and grand couturier .", "The Dutch-born van Bruggen, 60, trained as an art historian and was curator of a number of important international exhibitions, beginning in the 1970s. She is the author of monographs on Bruce Nauman , John Baldassari", "Vincent Castiglia was born in Brooklyn, NY in 1982. After attending Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School the artist decided not to attend art school and instead focus on his painting full time. He is the first American artist to be given a solo exhibition of his works at the HR Giger Museum in Gruyere, Switzerland as well his art has been exhibited worldwide from New York to San Francisco, Hollywood to London. His work has been featured on television and in print as well as an entry in \"The International Encyclopedia of Fantastic, Surrealistic, Symbolist and Visionary Artists.\" He lives and works in NYC.", "His subjects were primarily landscapes, domestic interiors and portraits of family, friends and fellow artists, many of them affiliated with the New York School of writers, including John Ashbery, Frank O Hara, and James Schuyler. Gene Davis along with Kenneth Noland, Morris Louis and several others was a member of the Washington Color School painters who began to create Color Field paintings in Washington, D.C.", "In 1953 Southern and Gadiot returned to the US and settled in Greenwich Village in New York City. As he had in Paris, Southern quickly became a prominent figure in the artistic scene that flourished in the village in the late 1950s. He met visual artists including Robert Frank, Annie Truxell, and Larry Rivers, and through Mason Hoffenberg, who made occasional visits from Paris, he was introduced to leading writers including Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and Gregory Corso." ]

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[ "Amelia Earhart was born July 24, 1898 in Atchison, Kansas. She was a lively tomboy throughout her childhood and unlike most American women in her generation and generations before, she never outgrew this trait. She volunteered in a Red Cross Hospital during World War I, taught English to immigrant factory workers, and studied pre-med for a short time. But airplanes were her first love.", "MARY TILLOTSON: Amelia Earhart was born in eighteen ninety-seven in the middle western state of Kansas. She was not a child of her times. Most American girls at the beginning of the twentieth century were taught to sit quietly and speak softly. They were not permitted to play ball or climb trees. Those activities were considered fun for boys. They were considered wrong for girls.", "Amelia Earhart was born on July 24, 1897 in Atchison, Kansas . Her father, Edwin, was a lawyer who worked for the railroad. She spent a lot of her childhood playing with her younger sister Muriel.", "Amelia Earhart was not always famous. She was born to Edwin Stanton and Amy Otis Earhart on July 24, 1897, in Atchison, Kansas, and three years later her sister Muriel was born. The girls were brought up in Kansas City where the family lived, but they spent a great deal of time at their grandparents' home in Atchison, Kansas where Amelia was born. Mr. Stanton worked for the railroad as a lawyer and was often away on business trips and Mrs. Earhart often accompanied him. Edwin Stanton, though a caring man, lost his job due to alcoholism and the family fell on hard times. They moved to Des Moines, Iowa, then to St. Paul, Minnesota and then back to Kansas City while Mr. Stanton obtained new jobs and relocated.", "Birthday - American pilot Amelia Earhart (1898-1937) was born in Atchison, Kansas. She became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic and to fly solo from Hawaii to California. She perished during a flight from New Guinea to Howland Island over the Pacific Ocean on July 3, 1937.", "The house where Amelia Earhart was born and raised was built in 1861 by her grandfather, Judge Alfred G. Otis, in Atchison, Kansas. Amelia was born in the southwest bedroom on the second floor. Although there is some disagreement as to the date of her birth, records of the Trinity Episcopal Church of Atchison indicate the date was July 24, 1897. Her father, Edwin Stanton Earhart, was a lawyer whose position as claims agent for a railroad required him to travel a great deal. Consequently Amelia and her sister Muriel stayed with their grandparents much of the time. In one of her books Amelia mentioned that she had attended grammar school in Atchison until the eighth grade and had skipped two grades in the process. Even though she lived in many different cities, Amelia considered Atchison her hometown. It is probable that she spent more time in the house she was born in, called the Otis House, than anywhere else. The Amelia Earhart Birthplace represents one of the few remaining tangible associations with this famous aviation pilot.", "Amelia Earhart , born in 1897 in Kansas, worked as a nurse’s aide and a social worker before learning to fly and buying her own plane in 1921. She set the women’s altitude record in 1923, and in 1928 was offered the opportunity by publicist George Putnam—her future husband—to be the first woman to take part in a trans-Atlantic flight.", "Born in Atchison, Kansas, on July 24, 1897, Amelia Earhart displayed an independent style from childhood, including keeping a scrapbook on accomplished women, taking an auto repair course, and attending college (but never graduating). She attended her first flying exhibition in 1918 while serving as a Red Cross nurse's aide in Toronto, Canada. She took her first flight in California in December 1920, with veteran flyer Frank Hawks, and declared, \"As soon as I left the ground, I knew I myself had to fly.\" Her first instructor was Anita \"Neta\" Snook who gave her lessons in a Curtiss Jenny. To pay for flight lessons, Earhart worked as a telephone company clerk and photographer. Earhart soloed in 1921, bought her first airplane, a Kinner Airster, in 1922 and wasted no time in setting a women's altitude record of 4,267 meters (14,000 feet). In 1923, Earhart became the 16th woman to receive an official Fédération Aéronautique Internationale pilot license.", "Born on July 24, 1897 in Kansas, America, Amelia’s interest in flying began after seeing wounded pilots returning from World War I, when she volunteered as a nurse’s aide for the Red Cross. She would regularly spend her free time watching the Royal Flying Corps practicing. Then, at a Long Beach air show in 1920, she took a plane ride that transformed her life, being so taken with the experience that she is quoted as saying, “300 feet off the ground I knew I had to fly.”", "In June 1937, Amelia Earhart departed from Miami, Florida, on her second attempt to circumnavigate the globe along the equator. In a Miami Herald photograph of her twin-engined Lockheed Electra taking off for San Juan, Puerto Rico, on the morning of June 1, a shiny metal patch covers one of the back windows of the plane. By linking that metal patch to a scrap of aluminum found on the remote Pacific atoll of Nikumaroro, researchers have provided a tantalizing new clue in the enduring mystery of Earhart’s disappearance.", "Earhart, Amelia (ârˈhärt) [ key ], 1897–1937, American aviator, b. Atchison, Kans. She was the first woman to cross the Atlantic by airplane (1928) and the first woman to make a solo flight across the Atlantic (1932). She was also the first person to fly alone from Honolulu to California and to solo nonstop from California to Mexico (both: 1935). In 1937, she attempted with a copilot, Frederick J. Noonan, to fly around the world at the equator, but her plane was lost on the flight between New Guinea and Howland Island. In 1992, a search party reported finding remnants of Earhart's plane on Nikumaroro (formerly Gardner Island), Kiribati, but their claims were disputed by people who had worked on Earhart's plane. Other artifacts that could be from Earhart's flight (but no clear evidence) have been found on Nikumaroro, and her fate remains a mystery. Geraldine Mock later became (1964) the first woman to complete Earhart's round-the-world route. Earhart was married (1931) to George Palmer Putnam , who wrote (1939) a laudatory biography of her.", "; First solo crossing of the Atlantic by a woman: On 20 May 1932, Amelia Earhart set off from Harbour Grace, Newfoundland, intending to fly to Paris in her single engine Lockheed Vega 5b to emulate Charles Lindbergh's solo flight. After encountering storms and a burnt exhaust pipe, Earhart landed in a pasture at Culmore, north of Derry, Northern Ireland, ending a flight lasting 14h 56m.", "STEVE EMBER: The Earharts lived in a number of places in America’s Middle West when the girls were growing up. The family was living in Chicago, Illinois when Amelia completed high school in nineteen sixteen.", "Edwin Earhart's private law practice failed. He took an executive position with the Rock Island Line Railroad in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1905. It was in Des Moines in 1907 that Amelia saw her first airplane at the Iowa State Fair. She said later, �It was a thing of rusty wire and wood and not at all interesting.\" It was not until more than a decade later that her interest in flying would be set ablaze.", "In the first flight of its kind, American aviator Amelia Earhart departs Wheeler Field in Honolulu, Hawaii, on a solo flight to North America. Hawaiian commercial interests offered a $10,000 award to whoever accomplished the flight first. The next day, after traveling 2,400 miles in 18 hours, she safely landed at Oakland Airport in Oakland, California.", "Amelia Earhart poses in front of her airplane in Wheeler Field, Hawaii, on January 4, 1935, before becoming the first person to fly solo from Honolulu to Oakland, California.", "American aviatrix Amelia Earhart arrives in Southampton, England, after her transatlantic flight on the \"Friendship\" from Burry Point, Wales, on June 26, 1928. The tri-motor \"Friendship\" was piloted by two men as Earhart served as the commander, making her the first female to fly across the Atlantic. Associated Press", "Having won multiple competitions, flown in air shows, and set new altitude records, Amelia Earhart began looking for a bigger challenge. In 1932, she decided to become the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic. On May 20, 1932, she took off again from Newfoundland, piloting a small Lockheed Vega.", "Miami -- Amelia Earhart saying goodbye to her husband, George P. Putnam, at Miami, Florida, June 1st, just before she took off with Captain Fred Noonan for Puerto Rico, where she landed at San Juan about seven hours after the takeoff. This is the first leg of her projected round-the-world flight, her second attempt. (1937)", "1937 (March) - Amelia Earhart, with navigator Fred Noonan, began her flight around the world along the equator from east to west, flying from Oakland, California, to Hawaii in 15 hours, 47 minutes, a new speed record for that route", "Amelia Mary Earhart; July 24, 1897 – disappeared July 2, 1937) was an American aviation pioneer and author. Earhart was the first female pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She received the U.S. Distinguished Flying Cross for this record. She set many other records, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.  Earhart joined the faculty of the Purdue University aviation department in 1935 as a visiting faculty member to counsel women on careers and help inspire others with her love for aviation. She was also a member of the National Woman's Party, and an early supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment.*^", "1935: Amelia Earhart is first woman (2nd person) to fly solo from Honolulu to Oakland, CA", "May 21-22, 1932:Amelia Earhart became the first woman to make a solo crossing of the Atlantic by airplane, flying from Harbor Grace, Newfoundland, to Londonderry, Northern Ireland, in a Lockheed Vega.", "Amelia Earhart spent much of her early childhood living with her Otis grandparents in Atchison during the school months and then spending her summers with her parents. Earhart’s early life was filled with outdoor adventures combined with the etiquette lessons expected of upper-middle-class girls of her day.", "Amelia Earhart, center, is accompanied by her husband, George Putnam, left, and her technical adviser, Paul Mantz, as they arrived in her plane from Salt Lake City on May 22, 1936, to Los Angeles. Associated Press", "On January 11, 1935, Earhart became the first person to fly solo from Honolulu, Hawaii to Oakland, California.", "1937 - American aviation pioneer Amelia Earhart disappeared in the Central Pacific during an attempt to fly around the world at the equator.", "Howland Island: Discovered by the US early in the 19th century, the uninhabited atoll was officially claimed by the US in 1857. Both US and British companies mined for guano deposits until about 1890. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization began on this island, similar to the effort on nearby Baker Island, but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. The famed American aviatrix Amelia EARHART disappeared while seeking out Howland Island as a refueling stop during her 1937 round-the-world flight; Earhart Light, a day beacon near the middle of the west coast, was named in her memory. The island was established as a NWR in 1974.", "A look at the life of legendary American pilot Amelia Earhart, who disappeared while flying over the Pacific Ocean in 1937 in an attempt to make a flight around the world.", "Studio headshot portrait of American aviator Amelia Earhart, the first woman to complete a solo transatlantic flight, wearing a leather jacket. (circa 1932).  (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)", "1923 (May 16) - Amelia Earhart earned a pilot’s license from the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale -- the sixteenth woman to be issued such a license", "In Long Beach, on December 28, 1920, Earhart and her father visited an airfield where Frank Hawks (who later gained fame as an air racer) gave her a ride that would forever change Earhart's life. \"By the time I had got two or three hundred feet [60–90 m] off the ground,\" she said, \"I knew I had to fly.\" After that 10-minute flight (that cost her father $10), she immediately became determined to learn to fly. Working at a variety of jobs, including photographer, truck driver, and stenographer at the local telephone company, she managed to save $1,000 for flying lessons. Earhart had her first lessons, beginning on January 3, 1921, at Kinner Field, near Long Beach. In order to reach the airfield, Earhart had to take a bus to the end of the line, then walk four miles (6 km). Earhart's mother also provided part of the $1,000 \"stake\" against her \"better judgement.\" Her teacher was Anita \"Neta\" Snook, a pioneer female aviator who used a surplus Curtiss JN-4 \"Canuck\" for training. Earhart arrived with her father and a singular request, \"I want to fly. Will you teach me?\" " ]

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[ "Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) became a national hero during the Spanish-American War as the leader of the \"Rough Riders.\" As Republican governor of New York, he outlawed racial segregation in public schools. In 1900, he was elected vice president under William McKinley. After McKinley’s assassination in 1901, he became president and was reelected three years later.", "In 1896, Roosevelt had once again tried and failed to get a spot on the national Republican ticket. McKinley won that election and appointed Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy, where \"TR\", as he was called, worked to broaden and upgrade the service. In 1898, Roosevelt, along with physician and soldier Leonard Wood, formed the Rough Riders. The Rough Riders' victory at the Battle of San Juan Hill in Cuba made Roosevelt a popular national figure. After that (in 1899), he was elected governor of New York. As governor he followed his own mind and heart above the wishes of the Republican Party. Nevertheless, in 1901, Theodore Roosevelt became William McKinley's Vice President; and when McKinley was assassinated in September of that year, Roosevelt assumed the presidency. At the age of forty-three, Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest man to ever become President of the United States.", "On September 14, 1901, after six months holding office as Vice President, Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in as the 26th President of the United States. In the 1904 presidential elections, Roosevelt became president again in a landslide victory, with Charles Fairbanks as his vice president.", "Republican President Theodore Roosevelt had declined to run for re-election in 1908 in fulfillment of a pledge to the American people not to seek a second full term. Roosevelt's first term as president (1901–1905) was incomplete, as he succeeded to the office upon the assassination of William McKinley; it was only his second term (1905–1909) that encompassed four full years. He had tapped Secretary of War William Howard Taft to become his successor, and Taft defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan in the general election.", "His political career progressed when he became the 33rd Governor of New York in 1898, he was a member of the Republican party. Roosevelt made such an impression in taking out corruption that he was asked to be the running mate of William McKinley for the 1900 presidential elections. His Vice Presidency was short-lived and uneventful due to the assassination of President McKinley in 1901 during the Pan American Exposition in New York.", "Theodore Roosevelt became president in September 1901 after the assassination of William McKinley. Although he had been vice president under McKinley, Roosevelt did not share McKinley’s conservative, pro-business policies. Instead, as president, Roosevelt advanced aggressive political reforms, including the heavy regulation of business. Known as the “trust-buster,” Roosevelt was the first president to successfully invoke the Sherman Antitrust Act against monopolies and continued to restrict businesses throughout his presidency. His reforms greatly influenced economic, environmental, and international affairs as well. Roosevelt’s platform became known as the “Square Deal” because he vowed not to favor any group of Americans but to be fair to all.", "Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States at the age of 42. He followed President William McKinley and later succeeded by President William Howard Taft. Prior to being President, he was a New York State Assemblyman, 33rd Governor of New York, and Vice President of the United States for six months under President McKinley.", "Progressivism followed hard on the heels of Populism. In 1896, the Democratic party co-opted the Populist platform and nominated Nebraska Congressman William Jennings Bryan for the presidency. Bryan lost to William McKinley and the Populist movement dissolved in the process. But the push for reform remained a powerful presence in American life. This proved abundantly clear when McKinley's forty-two-year-old Vice President, Theodore Roosevelt , took office upon McKinley's assassination in 1901. Roosevelt would become first president to be commonly associated with Progressivism, characterized by historian Alan Brinkley as \"a champion of cautious, moderate change.\" 21 Roosevelt was thus the epitome of a Progressive leader. Roosevelt was not out to revolutionize government, but simply to guarantee a balanced approach to both workers and businessmen whenever possible.", "   Shortly after the Perdicaris war dance, Teddy Roosevelt took the  nomination unanimously. Then the convention approved his VP choice by acclamation, Senator Charles Warren Fairbanks of Indiana. The nation had been without a vice-President since TR was sworn in at the Wilcox home on 9.14.01.", "In September of nineteen hundred and one, President William McKinley was assassinated. His vice president, Theodore Roosevelt, was sworn in to replace him.", "Theodore Roosevelt became the twenty-sixth president after the assassination of William McKinley in 1901. Roosevelt strongly supported American expansionism, and increased the size of the military to implement it. His policy was epitomized in the phrase, Speak softly, but carry a big stick. Following the fall of Cuba, the Spanish possessions of Puerto Rico, Samoa, Guam, and Wake Island became American territories.", "* September 14 – Vice President Theodore Roosevelt succeeds William McKinley as President of the United States, upon McKinley's death.", "Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt. October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919 was the 26th President of the United States (1901–1909). He is noted for his energetic personality, range of interests and achievements, leadership of the Progressive Movement, and his \"cowboy\" image and robust masculinity. He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive (\"Bull Moose\") Party of 1912. Before becoming President, he held offices at the municipal, state, and federal level of government. Roosevelt's achievements as a naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier are as much a part of his fame as any office he held as a politician. In 1901, President William McKinley was assassinated; and Roosevelt became President at the age of 42, taking office at the youngest age of any U.S. President in history. Roosevelt attempted to move the Republican Party in the direction of Progressivism, including trust busting and increased regulation of businesses. Roosevelt coined the phrase \"Square Deal\" to describe his domestic agenda, emphasizing that the average citizen would get a fair share under his policies. On the world stage, Roosevelt's policies were characterized by his slogan, \"Speak softly and carry a big stick\". Roosevelt was the force behind the completion of the Panama Canal; he sent out the Great White Fleet to display American power; and he negotiated an end to the Russo-Japanese War, for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize. Roosevelt was the first American to win the Nobel Prize in any field.", "After the war, he became governor of New York, and later, vice president of the United States under President William McKinley. After McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist, Roosevelt was sworn in as president in 1901. He won re-election in a landslide in 1904, but declared he wouldn’t seek another term before his inauguration.", "Roosevelt was a Progressive reformer who sought to move the dominant Republican Party into a more liberal camp. He distrusted wealthy businessmen and dissolved 44 monopolistic corporations as a \"trust buster.\" He took care, however, to show that he did not disagree with trusts and capitalism in principle, but was only against their corrupt, illegal practices. His \"Square Deal\" included regulation of railroad rates and pure foods and drugs; he saw it as a fair deal for both the average citizen and the businessmen. He avoided labor strife and negotiated a settlement to the great Coal Strike of 1902. His great love was nature and he vigorously promoted the Conservation movement, emphasizing efficient use of natural resources. He dramatically expanded the system of national parks and national forests. In the 1904 election, Roosevelt became the first vice president who took over upon the death of a president to win a full presidential term in his own right. After 1906, he moved to the political left, attacking big business and suggesting the courts were biased against labor unions. He made sure his friend William Howard Taft replaced him as president.", "Vice President Theodore Roosevelt takes the oath of office after President William McKinley is assassinated. Roosevelt immediately declares the need to build a canal in Central America. ", "Following the assassination of President McKinley in 1901, the late President's running mate in the election of 1900, Theodore Roosevelt, then aged 42, was appointed as the President. In the process, \"Teddy\" became the youngest United States President in history. He championed the ‘Square Deal’, a series of acts involving implementation of domestic policies that would promise the average American citizen fairness. This included ensuring pure food and drugs were available, and that railroads and other large industries were properly regulated. Roosevelt was also a great conservationist, and as such was a trailblazer in setting up national parks, monuments, and protected areas with which to protect the country’s vast natural resources. It was not surprising, therefore, that Roosevelt managed to defeat the Democrat Party nominee, Alton Parker, in a landslide win in the presidential elections of 1904, when he came to office for a full term in his own right.", "The rising young Republican politician Theodore Roosevelt unexpectedly became the 26th president of the United States in September 1901, after the assassination of William McKinley. Young and physically robust, he brought a new energy to the White House, and won a second term on his own merits in 1904. Roosevelt confronted the bitter struggle between management and labor head-on and became known as the great “trust buster” for his strenuous efforts to break up industrial combinations under the Sherman Antitrust Act. He was also a dedicated conservationist, setting aside some 200 million acres for national forests, reserves and wildlife refuges during his presidency. In the foreign policy arena, Roosevelt won a Nobel Peace Prize for his negotiations to end the Russo-Japanese War and spearheaded the beginning of construction on the Panama Canal. After leaving the White House and going on safari in Africa, he returned to politics in 1912, mounting a failed run for president at the head of a new Progressive Party.", "Theodore Roosevelt became the 26th US President (1901-1909) after the assassination of President William McKinley. Nicknamed Teddy, he was one of the most popular and important Presidents ever to serve in the Chief Executive Office. A hero in Cuba during the Spanish-American War, his foreign policy was summed up in the phrase \"Speak softly and carry a big stick.\" The Panama Canal was built during his tenure in the White House.", "Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt (1858 – 1919) was the 26th President of the United States (1901 – 1909). Historians typically rank Roosevelt among the top five American presidents of all time. [114] [115]", "He was the fifth cousin of Theodore Roosevelt, and the fourth cousin once removed of Ulysses S. Grant.", "Theodore \"Teddy\" Roosevelt (1858 – 1919) was the 26th President of the United States of America (1901–1909). He is noted for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his \"cowboy\" persona and robust masculinity. He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive (\"Bull Moose\") Party of 1912. Before becoming President, he held offices at the city, state, and federal levels. Roosevelt's achievements as a naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier are as much a part of his fame as any office he held as a politician.", "Theodore Roosevelt Rides a Moose?. Theodore Roosevelt served as President of the United States from 1901-1909.", "The Democratic Party's nominee in 1904 was Alton Brooks Parker. Roosevelt won 56% of the popular vote, and Parker received 38%; Roosevelt also won the Electoral College vote, 336 to 140. Before his inauguration ceremony, Roosevelt declared that he would not serve another term.", "Theodore Roosevelt (October 27, 1858–January 6, 1919):  26th President of the United State, First American to Receive the Nobel Peace Prize and a Progressive", "Theodore was a Republican president. His cousin, Franklin D. Roosevelt was a Democratic president - Who would...", "Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) served as America's 26th president. He was known as a trust buster and progressive politician. His fascinating life included serving as a Rough Rider during the Spanish American War. When he decided to run for reelection, he created his own third party nicknamed the Bull Moose Party. ", "Mowry, George E. The Era of Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of Modern America, 1900–1912. New York: Harper & Row, 1958.", "Theodore Roosevelt became president of the United States at the beginning of the 1900s. He firmly believed in expanding American power in the world.", "26th president of the United States (1901-09) and writer, explorer, and soldier, who expanded the powers of the presidency and of the federal government on the side of public interest in conflicts between big business and big labour. He also engaged the nation in affairs of Asia and Europe. He won the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1906 for mediating the end of the Russo-Japanese War, and he promoted the construction of the Panama Canal (1904-14).", "Portrait of 26th United States President Theodore Roosevelt. (1858-1919).  National Archives / Handout/ Hulton Archives/ Getty Images", "Who was elected vice president of the USA in 1852, but died six weeks after being sworn in?" ]

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[ "Philip David Charles \"Phil\" Collins (born 30 January 1951) is an English singer, songwriter, instrumentalist, record producer and actor. He is known as the drummer and lead singer in the rock band Genesis and as a solo artist. Between 1983 and 1990, Collins scored three UK and seven US number-one singles in his solo career. When his work with Genesis, his work with other artists, as well as his solo career is totalled, Collins had more US top 40 singles than any other artist during the 1980s. His most successful singles from the period include \"In the Air Tonight\", \"Against All Odds\", \"Sussudio\" and \"Another Day in Paradise\".", "Philip David Charles \"Phil\" Collins, LVO is an English musician, singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, actor and writer, best known both as drummer and vocalist for English rock group Genesis and as a solo artist. He sang the lead vocals on dozens of hit albums and singles in the UK and the US between 1976 and 2010, either as a solo artist or with Genesis. His solo singles, sometimes dealing with lost love and often featuring his distinctive gated reverb drum sound, ranged from the atmospheric \"In the Air Tonight\", dance pop of \"Sussudio\", piano-driven power ballad \"Against All Odds\", to the political statements of \"Another Day in Paradise\". Collins joined Genesis in 1970 as the group's drummer and became their vocalist in 1975 following the departure of their original front man Peter Gabriel. His solo career, which was launched in 1981 and was heavily influenced by his personal life, brought both himself and Genesis greater commercial success. Collins's total worldwide sales as a solo artist are 150 million. Collins has won numerous music awards throughout his career, including seven Grammy Awards, six Brit Awards—winning Best British Male three times, three American Music Awards, an Academy Award, two Golden Globe Awards and a Disney Legend Award in 2002 for his solo work. He was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1999, into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003 and into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Genesis in 2010.", "Philip David Charles “Phil” Collins, LVO (born 30 January 1951) is an English singer-songwriter, drummer, pianist, author, session musician and actor best known as a drummer and vocalist for British progressive rock group Genesis. Collins is one of only three recording artists (along with Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson) who have sold over 100 million albums worldwide both as solo artists and (separately) as principal members of a band.", "Phil Collins joined Genesis as its drummer in 1970 and became the band’s vocalist when Peter Gabriel left in 1975. He went on to achieve huge solo success in the 1980s, with hits such as In The Air Tonight and Another Day In Paradise. Originally from Hounslow, he’s one of only three recording artists to have sold more than 100 million albums as a solo artist and a band member. Phil, 63, has been married three times and has five children. He splits his time between New York and Miami.", "For better or worse, Phil Collins's \"In the Air Tonight\" was the \"Stairway to Heaven\" of the '80s, winning radio stations' listener polls and even lending its designer threat to an episode of Miami Vice. Hits recalls the days when the Collins name on a disc ensured its immediate embrace by programmers and the public. How you feel about these songs will depend on how you felt about them then; despite the undeniable niceness of \"Take Me Home\" and \"One More Night,\" they're unlikely to win over anyone who didn't adore them to begin with. Those who cared, though, will no doubt be gladdened to find most of Collins's biggest tunes together on one disc. --Rickey Wright", "In 1989 Collins worked on his fourth studio album ...But Seriously, and appeared on The Who Tour 1989, performing the role of young Tommy's wicked Uncle Ernie in a reprisal of the rock opera Tommy (a part originally played by their late drummer, Keith Moon). In November, Collins released ...But Seriously, which became another huge success, featuring as its lead single the anti-homelessness anthem \"Another Day in Paradise\", with David Crosby singing backing vocals. \"Another Day in Paradise\" reached No. 1 on the Billboard charts at the end of 1989, won Collins Best British Single at the Brit Awards in 1990, and the Grammy Award for Record of the Year in 1991; it was also one of Germany's most successful singles of all time. It became the final U.S. number-one single of the 1980s. Despite its success, the song was also heavily criticised. It also became linked to allegations of hypocrisy made against Collins.", "This was the first of seven US solo #1 hits for Collins, all of which charted in the '80s. He was still charting hits with Genesis during this time as well, including the #1 \" Invisible Touch \" in 1986. This resulted in a bit of Phil Collins fatigue and somewhat of a backlash in the '90s, when some critics and targeted him as a symbol of schlocky pop music. In a 2010 interview with Rolling Stone, Collins admitted that the criticism hurt, and said it contributed to some suicidal thoughts. In the article, he pointed out that he wasn't the one playing his songs over and over - he was just making the music. A few months later, Collins announced his retirement, but seemed to be in a better place, encouraged by the words of his fans that offered support. Wrote Collins: \"I am stopping so I can be a full time father to my two young sons on a daily basis.\"", "in 2005 - Winner of TV talent show, X-Factor Steve Brookstein went to No.1 on the UK singles chart with his version of the 1984 Phil Collins song 'Against All Odds'.", "2016 two CD collection from the British singer, songwriter and musician that gathers together his solo singles in one release. Phil Collins gained fame as both the drummer and lead singer for the rock band Genesis, and he also gained worldwide fame as a solo artist. Collins is one of the most successful songwriters and performers of all time, singing the lead vocals on dozens of hit albums and singles in the UK and the US between 1976 and 2010, either as a solo artist or with Genesis. He has been described by AllMusic as \"one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond.\"", "1979: Andrea flees to her mother�s place in Vancouver with Joely (who had long before been adopted by Phil) and Simon. The final split takes place in April 1979. Phil is busy recording for Steve Bishop�s album Red Cab To Manhattan (Eric Clapton is also involved). He also plays a couple of gigs with Peter Gabriel and John Martyn. In September, Brand X release Product with the Collins piece �And So To F� Genesis meet at Phil�s home in the country to work on the next album. There is room enough for all...", "Born and raised in west London, Collins played drums from the age of five and completed drama school training, which secured him various roles as a child actor. He then pursued a music career, joining Genesis in 1970 as their drummer and becoming lead singer in 1975 following the departure of Peter Gabriel. Collins began a solo career in the 1980s, initially inspired by his marital breakdown and love of soul music, releasing a series of successful albums, including Face Value (1981), No Jacket Required (1985), and ...But Seriously (1989). Collins became \"one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond\". He also became known for a distinctive gated reverb drum sound on many of his recordings. After leaving Genesis in 1996, Collins pursued various solo projects before a return in 2007 for the Turn It On Again Tour. In 2011, he retired to focus on his family life, but continued to write songs. He announced his return to the music industry in 2015.", "I was a big fan of Phil Collins work in Genesis and solo work from 1980 - 85. The guy couldn't miss. Every project he was on was a huge hit. By 1986, Geneisis was getting lamer and I began to get Phil overload. I ignored his work thereafter, but couldn't help hearing some song on the soft rock stations and soundtracks.", "Collins then auditioned for a drummer opening in another band, Genesis, which he won. Peter Gabriel was the lead vocalist in Genesis at that time so Collins primarily sang backup (except on the songs \"For Absent Friends\" and \"More Fool Me\") for the first five years he was in the band. After Gabriel left Genesis in 1975 for a solo career, Collins became lead singer, and the band began having success in America, reaching the Top 40 with \"Misunderstanding\" in 1980. Genesis had now become a trio after Steve Hackett left for a solo career, with Collins on drums and vocals, Tony Banks on keyboards, and Mike Rutherford on guitar and bass. Genesis' album success continued with Abacab (featuring the horn section of the R&B band Earth, Wind & Fire) and more Top 40 success, with \"No Reply At All\", \"Abacab\", and \"Man on the Corner\", followed by their eponymous album in 1983, featuring the hits \"Mama\", \"That's All\" (Genesis' first Top 10 hit), and \"Taking It All Too Hard\". They then released Land of Confusion in 1986, with the title track reaching the Top 10, and \"Invisible Touch\" reaching #1. Genesis' last album with Collins was 1991's \"We Can't Dance\", featuring their last Top 40 single, \"I Can't Dance\". Collins left Genesis in 1996 to focus on his solo career, but the band reunited for a tour in 2007.", "1976: After a long unsuccessful search for a successor for Gabriel, Phil takes up vocal duties with Genesis. The album A Trick Of The Tail is released in February 1976. It convinces all the critics. The record features the sophisticated Robbery, Assault And Battery, written by Tony Banks and Phil. Phil and his pregnant wife Andrea move to Ealing in spring. London, Ontario, plays host to Genesis� first show with Phil Collins as a singer on March 31, 1976. At the drums there is Bill Bruford of Yes, King Crimson and Brand X. In July 1976 the first Brand X album Unorthodox Behaviour comes out. Simon Collins is born on September 14, 1976, at Queen Charlotte�s Hospital, Hammersmith. Late in December the second Genesis album of the year is released. Wind & Wuthering contains a Collins/Hackett song, Blood On The Rooftops and a Banks/Collins instrumental called Wot Gorilla?. Phil and Andrea have a huge argument on New Year�s Eve. It is the beginning of a bitter ending ...", "As the 1970s became the 1980s , the group updated its sound once more to stay contemporary, shifting from straight disco to R&B-based pop. However, the US continued to regard them as relics of the disco era, and with the backlash against disco running strong , the group would find only occasional success in the studio from here on out — most notably the 1989 single \"One\" (their last U.S. Top 10 hit) and the 1997 album Still Waters (which sold over 4 million copies in the States, and spawned their last top 40 hits, \"Alone\" in the summer of 1997 and the title track in January 1998). They remained popular in the UK, though, having a massive 1987 Number One single (twenty years after their first) in the shape of thumping echo-chamber romp \"You Win Again\", and top 5 success into the '90s with \"For Whom The Bell Tolls\" and \"Alone\". They also experienced continued popularity 'behind the scenes' writing songs for other people, even in the US; songs they wrote for others include worldwide hits like Barbra Streisand 's \"Woman in Love\", Dionne Warwick's \"Heartbreaker\", Diana Ross' \"Chain Reaction\" and \"Islands in the Stream\" by Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton .", "* Phil Collins - \"Another Day in Paradise\", \"In the Air Tonight\" (Was a hit for Collins in January 1981) ", "Buster is a 1988 comedy-drama film starring musician Phil Collins, Julie Walters, Larry Lamb and Sheila Hancock. The soundtrack featured two Phil Collins singles which eventually topped the Billboard 100 singles chart.", "1981: February witnesses one if not the most important milestone in Phil�s musical career. He comes to (musical) terms with the pain of his marriage breaking apart in his first solo album Face Value . The record writes music history, particularly in the brute drum break of In The Air Tonight. Divorce, however, cannot be averted�", "1984, Phil Collins started a three week run at No.1 in the US singles chart with the theme from ‘Against All Odds’. It was", "Face Value was released in February 1981. It features a rework of \"Behind the Lines\" from Duke with a more funk and dance-oriented style. Collins cited his divorce as his main influence. Regarding Face Value, he says, \"I had a wife, two children, two dogs, and the next day I didn't have anything. So a lot of these songs were written because I was going through these emotional changes.\" Collins produced the album in collaboration with Hugh Padgham, with whom he had worked on Peter Gabriel's 1980 studio album. Collins played keyboards and drums on Face Value. ", "Phil Collins got the song to No. 1 in the chart in September of this year. See also 1966 entry for The Mindbenders.", "Awards kept coming, thick and fast. For two years in a row, Collins won the Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist, in 1989 and 1990, and also won the 1990 Brit Award for British Single for ‘Another Day in Paradise’ from his successful solo album ‘…But Seriously’ (1989). ‘Serious Hits… Live!’ (1990) showcased all that Collins couldn’t do with Genesis. The public got to hear him drumming as never before: with musicians of a high standard, a full brass section, many ballads and jazzy interludes.", "The song was the 80s band's fourth and final number one and was lifted from The Final album. In America the song reached #10, making it their last Top 40 hit in the Billboard Hot 100.", "Profile of the man who in the 1980s, spent the equivalent of 5 years in the UK singles chart, had more hits in Britain than Michael Jackson, Duran Duran, and Madonna, and reached the Top 30... See full summary  »", "In 1983 Collins produced two tracks for Adam Ant, on which he also played drums, both of which hit the UK charts: \"Puss 'N' Boots\" and \"Strip\". \"Strip\" was a minor US hit as well. ", "[on his pop sound during the 1980s] There was a period when I was performing in front of these huge stadium crowds at that time and I'm thinking: \"What are these people doing here? Why have they come to see me? They should be seeing Phil Collins .\" They were definitely Phil Collins type audiences, you know? And then, that came back at me and I thought: \"What am I doing here? I should be playing to people who don't look like they've come to see Phil Collins .\" That's what I'd been used to up until that point. I don't know the guy. There's a certain kind of mainstream field that I'm not comfortable in. I'm just not comfortable in it.", "Collins made his debut solo album, Face Value, in 1981, which turned out to be a bigger hit than any Genesis album. It concentrated on Collins' voice, often in stark, haunting contexts such as the piano-and-drum dirge \"In the Air Tonight,\" which sounded like something from John Lennon's debut solo album, John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band.", "Phil collins has one if the greatest voices of all time I did like peter gabriel's voice too though", "In 1984 Collins produced Phillip Bailey's album Chinese Wall, which included the hit Bailey/Collins duet \"Easy Lover\". It also contained the Bailey hit \"Walking on the Chinese Wall\". ", "1981 - \"Kiss on My List\" by Daryl Hall & John Oates was #1 in America", "5.0 out of 5 starsThis 80's classic contained many other Pop songs that I enjoyed, including a beatles cover & two mixes", "In 1983, Matthew Wilder had a New Wave/Synthpop song which topped out at number 5 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 entitled \"Break My Stride\" . No other song released by him ever came that close to the top." ]

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[ "Pacino’s TV debut came in 1968, when he landed a part in 'NYPD', playing a racist Southerner. However, it was his ability to portray the gritty realities of street life that won him his first major movie role in 1971, in a movie called 'The Panic In Needle Park'. In this film, Pacino played a heroin addict, and his outstanding performance brought the young actor to the attention of director Francis Ford Coppola, who promptly offered him the part of Michael Corleone in 'The Godfather'. This movie became the blockbuster movie of 1972. Although several well-known actors, including Robert Redford, Warren Beatty and the young Robert de Niro were also competing for the role of Michael Corleone, Coppola insisted that Pacino be given the part, despite the fact that he was relatively unknown, much to the disapproval of the studio producers and bosses. But Coppola’s confidence was fully justified, for Pacino’s performance in 'The Godfather' earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor, and firmly established him as a leading Hollywood actor.", "That same year he made his movie debut with a brief screen appearance in Me, Natalie, an independent film starring Patty Duke, released July 1969. In 1970, Pacino signed with the talent agency Creative Management Associates (CMA).[8]", "Pacino made his film debut in the 1969 flop Me, Natalie. After making his theatrical directorial debut with 1970's Rats, he returned to the screen a year later in Panic in Needle Park, again appearing as a junkie. (To prepare for the role, he and co-star Kitty Winn conducted extensive research in known drug-dealer haunts as well as methadone clinics.) While the picture was not a success, Pacino again earned critical raves. Next came Francis Ford Coppola's 1972 Mafia epic The Godfather. As Michael Corleone, the son of an infamous crime lord reluctantly thrust into the family business, Pacino shot to stardom, earning a Best Supporting Actor Oscar nomination for his soulful performance. While the follow-up, 1973's Scarecrow, was received far less warmly, the police drama Serpico was a smash, as was 1974's The Godfather Part II for which he earned his third Academy Award nomination. The 1975 fact-based Dog Day Afternoon, in which Pacino starred as a robber attempting to stick up a bank in order to finance his gay lover's sex-change operation, was yet another staggering success.", "During the 1990s, Pacino had acclaimed performances in such crime dramas as Carlito's Way (1993), Donnie Brasco (1997), and the multi-Oscar nominated The Insider (1999). In 1995, Pacino starred in Michael Mann's Heat, in which he and fellow film icon Robert De Niro appeared on-screen together for the first time (though both Pacino and De Niro starred in The Godfather Part II, they did not share any scenes).[6] In 1996, Pacino starred in his theatrical feature Looking for Richard, and was praised for his role as Satan in the supernatural thriller The Devil's Advocate in 1997. Pacino also starred in Oliver Stone's critically acclaimed Any Given Sunday in 1999.", "He made his feature film debut in the 1969 film Me, Natalie in a minor supporting role, before playing the leading role in the 1971 drama The Panic in Needle Park. Pacino made his major breakthrough when he was given the role of Michael Corleone in The Godfather in 1972 , which earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Other Oscar nominations for Best Supporting Actor were for Dick Tracy and Glengarry Glen Ross. Oscar nominations for Best Actor include The Godfather Part II , Serpico, Dog Day Afternoon, ...And Justice for All and Scent of a Woman.", "In addition to his work in film, Pacino has had an extensive career on stage and is a two-time Tony Award winner, in 1969 and 1977, for his performances in Does a Tiger Wear a Necktie? and The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel respectively. A lifelong fan of Shakespeare, Pacino directed and starred in Looking for Richard (1996), a documentary film about the play Richard III, a role which Pacino had earlier portrayed on-stage in 1977. He has also acted as Shylock in a 2004 feature film adaptation and a 2010 production of The Merchant of Venice. Having made his filmmaking debut with Looking for Richard, Pacino has also directed and starred in the independent film Chinese Coffee (2000) and the films Wilde Salomé (2011) and Salomé (2013), about the play Salomé by Oscar Wilde. Since 1994, Pacino has been the joint president of the Actors Studio with Ellen Burstyn and Harvey Keitel.", "In 1973, Pacino starred in the popular Serpico, based on the true story of New York City policeman Frank Serpico who went undercover to expose the corruption of fellow officers. That same year he co-starred in Scarecrow, with Gene Hackman, and won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. In 1974, Pacino reprised his role as Michael Corleone in the successful sequel The Godfather Part II, acclaimed as being comparable to the original. In 1975, he enjoyed further success with the release of Dog Day Afternoon, based on the true story of bank robber John Wojtowicz.[6] It was directed by Sidney Lumet, who also directed him in Serpico a few years earlier, and for both films Pacino was nominated for Best Actor.", "Pacino received his first Best Actor Oscar nomination for Serpico (1973); he was also nominated for The Godfather Part II, Dog Day Afternoon (1975) and ...And Justice for All (1979) and won the award in 1993 for his performance as a blind Lieutenant Colonel in Scent of a Woman (1992). For his performances in The Godfather, Dick Tracy (1990) and Glengarry Glen Ross (1992), Pacino was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Other notable roles include Tony Montana in Scarface (1983), Carlito Brigante in Carlito's Way (1993), Lieutenant Vincent Hanna in Heat (1995), Benjamin Ruggiero in Donnie Brasco (1997), Lowell Bergman in The Insider (1999) and Detective Will Dormer in Insomnia (2002). In television, Pacino has acted in several productions for HBO including the miniseries Angels in America (2003) and the Jack Kevorkian biopic You Don't Know Jack (2010), both of which won him the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie.", "The film that arguably launched Al Pacino's stardom was based on Mario Puzo's The Godfather , published in 1969. Puzo and Francis Ford Coppola won their first joint Oscar for best adapted screenplay.", "Other noteworthy films included \"Moneyball,\" \"The Savages,\" \"Cold Mountain\" and \"Scent of a Woman,\" one of his earliest films, which garnered its star, Al Pacino, an Oscar.", "Pacino's career slumped in the early 1980s; his appearances in the controversial Cruising, a film that provoked protests from New York's gay community, and the comedy-drama Author! Author!, were critically panned. However, 1983's Scarface, directed by Brian De Palma, proved to be a career highlight and a defining role. Upon its initial release, the film was critically panned due to violent content, but later received critical acclaim. The film did well at the box office, grossing over US$45 million domestically. Pacino earned a Golden Globe nomination for his role as Cuban drug lord Tony Montana. ", "Alfredo James \"Al\" Pacino (; born April 25, 1940) is an American actor of stage and screen, filmmaker, and screenwriter. Pacino has had a career spanning fifty years, during which time he has received numerous accolades and honors both competitive and honorary, among them an Academy Award, two Tony Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, a British Academy Film Award, four Golden Globe Awards, the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Film Institute, the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award, and the National Medal of Arts. He is also one of few performers to have won a competitive Oscar, an Emmy and a Tony Award for acting, dubbed the \"Triple Crown of Acting\".", "In between his big-screen work, Pacino appeared in several television productions for HBO . For his role as homophobic lawyer Roy Cohn in Angels in America (2003), an adaptation of Tony Kushner ’s two-part play about AIDS in the 1980s, he won an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award . His performance as Jack Kevorkian , a doctor who assisted in the suicide of terminally ill patients, in the movie You Don’t Know Jack (2010) earned him the same awards. He later starred as another controversial figure in David Mamet ’s Phil Spector (2013), which was set during the embattled record producer ’s first trial for murder.", "The Godfather tells the sweeping story of the Corleone crime family, focusing on the rise of young Michael Corleone to control of the family's empire. Propelling the drama forward are powerful performances by Marlon Brando (1924–) and newcomer Al Pacino (1940–). After its release in 1972, critics were floored by the film's depiction of America's criminal underworld. The film became a sensational hit with moviegoers as well, and The Godfather swept the Academy Awards that year. Coppola was a winner in the Best Director and Best Screenplay categories.", "Now firmly established at the pinnacle of Hollywood fame, Pacino became famous as much for the films he turned down as for his performances in the parts he accepted. Indeed, he is renowned for choosing only the most controversial and emotionally intense roles that are offered to him. The films he has turned down include 'Batman', 'Kramer vs. Kramer', 'Born on the 4th of July', 'Pretty Woman', and the role of Han Solo in 'Star Wars'. But his choice of roles is astute, as evidenced by his great performances in films like 'Donnie Brasco' (1997) and the multi-Oscar-nominated 'The Insider' (1999).", "Al Pacino (born 25.4.1940) Al Pacino is a highly revered American actor, best known for his roles in Scarface and The Godfather trilogy.", "The play opened January 17, 1968, and ran for 177 performances; it was staged in a double bill with Horovitz's It's Called the Sugar Plum, starring Clayburgh. Pacino won an Obie Award for Best Actor for his role, with John Cazale winning for Best Supporting actor and Horowitz for Best New Play. Martin Bregman saw the play and became Pacino's manager, a partnership that became fruitful in the years to come, as Bregman encouraged Pacino to do The Godfather, Serpico and Dog Day Afternoon. \"Martin Bregman discovered me off Broadway. I was 26, 25. And he discovered me and became my manager. And that's why I'm here. I owe it to Marty, I really do,\" Pacino himself has stated about his own career.<br /><br /> Pacino and this production of The Indian Wants the Bronx traveled to Italy for a performance at the Festival dei Due Mondi in Spoleto. It was Pacino's first journey to Italy; he later recalled that \"performing for an Italian audience was a marvelous experience\". Read Less", "Pacino is famous for playing mobsters, including Michael Corleone in The Godfather Trilogy and Tony Montana in Scarface , though he has also appeared several times on the other side of the law — as a police officer, a detective and a lawyer. His role as Frank Slade in Scent of a Woman won him the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1993 after receiving seven previous Oscar nominations, one of them being in the same year.", "Pacino is famous for playing mobsters, including Michael Corleone in The Godfather Trilogy and Tony Montana in Scarface, though he has also appeared several times on the other side of the law — as a police officer, a detective and a lawyer. His role as Frank Slade in Scent of a Woman won him the Academy Award for Best Actor in 1993 after receiving seven previous Oscar nominations, one of them being in the same year.", "In 1967, Pacino spent a season at the Charles Playhouse in Boston, performing in Clifford Odets' Awake and Sing! (his first major paycheck: $125 a week); and in Jean-Claude Van Itallie's America, Hurrah, where he met actress Jill Clayburgh on this play. They had a five-year romance and moved back together to New York City. ", "The Godfather is a 1972 epic crime drama film based on the 1969 novel of the same name by Mario Puzo and directed by Francis Ford Coppola, with a screenplay by Puzo, Coppola, and an uncredited Robert Towne. It stars Marlon Brando, Al Pacino, James Caan, Robert Duvall and Diane Keaton, and features Richard S. Castellano, Abe Vigoda and Sterling Hayden. The story spans ten years from 1945 to 1955 and chronicles the Italian-American Corleone crime family.", "One of the greatest actors in all of film history, Al Pacino established himself during one of film's greatest decades, the 1970s, and has become an enduring and iconic figure in the world of American movies.", "Also in 1974: \"The Godfather Part II\" told of the origin of Don Corleone (with Robert DeNiro recreating Marlon Brando's character) and a parallel story, set decades later, of threats facing Al Pacino as government and competing criminal organizations threaten the family business. With its predecessor, it is generally acclaimed as the greatest movie crime saga, and became the first sequel to win an Oscar for Best Picture.", "' <mark>Al Pacino</mark> will star in a production of Dotson Raderâs âGod Looked Awayâ at the Pasadena Playhouse in February, the theater said Friday. The Oscar winner is no stranger to theater, having performed in numerous Broadway and off-Broadway shows and earning two Tony Awards, but itâs rare for the actor,... '", "This original film from 1972 began a three-part series and was directed by Francis Ford Coppola. It had a star-studded cast with Marlon Brando and Al Pacino portraying life in the mafia. The film won three Oscars including Best Picture and Best Actor.", "The film pits two characters who are diametrical opposites. Al Pacino plays the world weary retired Army Lt. Colonel who through a stupid accident looses his sight and his way of life. Chris Donnelly is a young prep school kid on a scholarship whose way of life may be coming to an end owing to the acts of richer kids at the exclusive prep school who pull a stupid stunt.", "Pacino was born in East Harlem, New York City to Italian American parents. His maternal grandparents originated from Corleone, Palermo, Sicily. [1]", "Cast: Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, Martin Scorsese, Carla Gugino, Donnie Wahlberg, John Leguizamo, 50 Cent, Brian Dennehy", "Pacino was born in New York City (East Harlem), to Sicilian-American parents Salvatore Pacino and Rose, who divorced when he was two years old. His mother moved near the Bronx Zoo to live with her parents, Kate and James Gerardi, who, coincidentally, had come from a town in Sicily named Corleone. His father, who was from San Fratello in the Province of Messina, moved to Covina, California, and worked as an insurance salesman and restaurateur.", "Al Pacino, who had been one of the three Best Supporting Actor nominees in 1972 for", "Al Pacino is the greatest actor ever he can do any role... Nobody can do gangster and detective roles like he does...", "Alfredo James Pacino was born into a family of Italian immigrants in East Harlem, New York City, shortly after his grandparents had emigrated to the States from Sicily." ]

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[ "John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown were British aviators who made the first non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in June 1919.", "Captain John Alcock and Lieutenant Arthur Whitten Brown, in a modified Vimy IV they made the first non-stop aerial crossing of the Atlantic. They took off from Lester's Field, near St. Johns, Newfoundland on June 14,1919. They landed June 15,1919 at Clifden in Ireland. The time for the crossing was sixteen hours, and twenty seven minutes.", "14–15 June 1919: Captain John William Alcock, DSC, and Lieutenant Arthur Whitten Brown, both of the Royal Air Force, crossed the Atlantic Ocean, non-stop, aboard their twin-engine Vickers Vimy F.B.27A Mk.IV biplane bomber. This was the very first successful non-stop trans-Atlantic crossing by air.", "In 1919 Alcock and Brown made the first flight across the Atlantic, winning a prize of £10,000 from the Daily Mail. In 1930 the Mail made a great story of another aviation stunt, awarding another prize of £10,000 to Amy Johnson for making the first solo flight from England to Australia. [26]", "Photo Credit To Wikipedia Commons/Alcock and Brown made the first transatlantic flight in 1919. They took off from St. John's, Newfoundland", "I rapidly go by car back to Swansea where family and friends are waiting to celebrate our successful flight. The journey had taken 12 months to plan and wouldn’t have been possible without the support of loved ones, who knew of the potentially lethal dangers lurking above the vast Atlantic. The fact that the trip is still so hazardous in a small plane that has benefitted from a century of aviation technology makes Alcock and Brown’s first transatlantic flight in 1919 seem less like a human achievement and more like a miracle.", "1919 - British aviators, John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown complete the first non-stop trans Atlantic flight.", "O voo de Alcock e Brown foi o primeiro voo transatlântico, non-stop ou sem paragens, da história da aviação. Dois britânicos, John Alcock e Arthur Whitten Brown, fizeram esta celebrizada primeira travessia transatlântica, desta feita, sem paragens. Eles partiram de St. John's, Terra Nova e Labrador, Canadá, para Clifden, Irlanda. O voo percorreu 3 138 km, e durou cerca de 12 horas. Foram premiados com 50 mil dólares. Alguns meses antes, no mesmo ano de 1919 o voo Curtiss NC-4 logrou completar um primeiro voo transatlântico, mas com paragens que incluíram os Açores e chegada a Lisboa.", "There had been two previous Atlantic flights-both in 1919, the first when one of three Navy craft flew from Newfoundland to the Azores; and the second when John Alcock and Arthur Brown made it from Newfoundland to Ireland. But no one had made the crossing alone or from continent to continent.", "Although Alcock and Brown first flew across the Atlantic in 1919, it took two more decades before commercial flights could become practical. The North Atlantic presented severe challenges for aviators due to weather and the long distances involved, with few stopping points. Initial transatlantic services, therefore, focused on the South Atlantic, where a number of French, German, and Italian airlines offered seaplane service for mail between South America and West Africa in the 1930s.", "On 14–15 June 1919, British aviators Alcock and Brown made the first non-stop transatlantic flight. During the War, Alcock resolved to fly the Atlantic, and after the war he approached the Vickers engineering and aviation firm at Weybridge, who had considered entering their Vickers Vimy IV twin-engined bomber in the competition but had not yet found a pilot. Alcock's enthusiasm impressed the Vickers' team and he was appointed as their pilot. Work began on converting the Vimy for the long flight, replacing the bomb carriers with extra petrol tanks. Shortly afterwards Brown, who was unemployed, approached Vickers seeking a post and his knowledge of long distance navigation convinced them to take him on as Alcock's navigator. ", "1919 John William Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown made the first nonstop transatlantic flight, from Newfoundland to Ireland aboard a Vickers Vimy.", "1919 First non-stop Atlantic crossing: Capt. John Alcock and Lt. Arthur Whitten Brown (GB) in Vickers Vimy, from Newfoundland to Ireland.", "6/11/1892, The aviator Sir John Alcock was born in Manchester. In 1919 he made the first transatlantic flight, with Sir Arthur Whitten-Brown.", "June 14-15, 1919 - First nonstop transatlantic flight - Alcock and Brown, St. John's Newfoundland to Clifden, Ireland", "A small amount of mail, 196 letters and a parcel, was carried on Alcock and Brown's flight, the first time mail was carried by air across the ocean. The government of the Dominion of Newfoundland overprinted stamps for this carriage with the inscription \"Transatlantic air post 1919\". ", "18/12/1919, Death of British aviation expert Sir John Alcock in a flying accident, six months after his pioneering transatlantic flight with Sir Arthur Brown.", "First nonstop transatlantic flight. Capt. John Alcock and Lt. Arthur Whitten Brown, British World War I flyers, made the 1,900-mile trip from St. John's, Newfoundland, to Clifden, Ireland, in 16 hr., 12 min. in a Vickers-Vimy bomber with two 350-horsepower Rolls-Royce engines (June 15–16).", "Alcock and Brown were both pioneers of air travel, which at the time was cutting edge technolgy and highly dangerous. Alcock was born in Manchester in England in 1892 and started flying when he got his aviator’s licence at the age of 17. He served as a pilot in the First World War and continued flying afterwards in exhibitions and competitions. Brown was born in Glasgow in 1886. His American parents moved to Manchester shortly after the birth.", "The steamship has a long, pre-Victorian ancestry, dating back at least to 1783 when the Marquis de Jouffray d'Abbans steamed his little boat, the Pyroscaphe, across the Seine. The first steam-assisted crossing of the Atlantic took place in 1819 when the Savannah sailed from Georgia to Liverpool in 633 hours. By 1833 the Atlantic crossing had been reduced to 22 days and steam ships had begun to operate on the major Imperial and trade routes to India, South Africa and Australia. The 1830s were also marked by the founding of three major shipping lines, the British and American Steam Navigation Company, the Great Western Steamship Company and the Peninsular Steam Navigation Company. The first two concentrated their efforts on the Atlantic and their rivalry launched the period of frenetic competition on that route that was to continue throughout the Victorian period and well into the twentieth century.", "The first steamship credited with crossing the Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe was the American ship SS Savannah , though she was actually a hybrid between a steamship and a sailing ship. The SS Savannah left the port of Savannah, Georgia , on May 22, 1819, arriving in Liverpool , England , on June 20, 1819; her steam engine having been in use for part of the time on 18 days (estimates vary from 8 to 80 hours). A claimant to the title of the first ship to make the transatlantic trip substantially under steam power is the British-built Dutch-owned Curaçao, a wooden 438 ton vessel built in Dover and powered by two 50 hp engines, which crossed from Hellevoetsluis , near Rotterdam on 26 April 1827 to Paramaribo , Surinam on 24 May, spending 11 days under steam on the way out and more on the return. Another claimant is the Canadian ship SS Royal William in 1833.", "The American ship first crossed the Atlantic Ocean . The title of the first ship to make the transatlantic trip substantially under steam power is possibly the British-built Dutch-owned Curaçao, a wooden 438 ton vessel built in Dover and powered by two 50 hp engines, which crossed from Hellevoetsluis, near Rotterdam on 26 April 1827 to Paramaribo, Surinam on 24 May, spending 11 days under steam on the way out and more on the return. Another claimant is the Canadian ship in 1833. ", "English air pioneers John Alcock and Arthur Brown complete the first non-stop transatlantic flight from Newfoundland to Ireland.", "Alcock and Brown were treated as heroes on the completion of their flight. In addition to the Daily Mail award of £10,000, the crew received 2,000 guineas (£2,100) from the Ardath Tobacco Company and £1,000 from Lawrence R. Phillips for being the first British subjects to fly the Atlantic Ocean. Both men were knighted a few days later by King George V. ", "Later I read that Alcock and Brown had flown for England during the First World War -- in fact, both had been brought down under enemy fire and had survived enemy prisons -- but that their paths had crossed only six weeks before they strapped themselves into the open cockpit of the 13,000-pound wood-and-fabric Vickers biplane. Four hundred yards of a runway in St. John's, Newfoundland, launched them into what would be nearly 1,900 miles of unbroken fog. Brown determined much of the oversea course by dead reckoning.", "Alcock first conceived of flyng the Atlantic when the English newspaper, the Daily Mail, offered a £10,000 prize…a huge sum at the time and still a substantial figure today.  The money was available to the aviators “who shall first cross the Atlantic in an aeroplane in flight from any point in the United States of America, Canada or Newfoundland and any point in Great Britain or Ireland in 72 continuous hours”.", "Sefton Potter and Paul Lomatschinsky cross the Atlantic to commemorate the achievements of pioneering aviators Alcock and Brown.", "Two weeks before Alcock and Brown's flight, the first transatlantic flight had been made by the NC-4, a United States Navy flying boat, commanded by Lt. Commander Albert Cushing Read, who flew from Naval Air Station Rockaway, New York to Plymouth with a crew of five, over 23 days, with six stops along the way. This flight was not eligible for the Daily Mail prize since it took more than 72 consecutive hours and also because more than one aircraft was used in the attempt.", "22nd April The British steamer Sirius became the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean from England to New York. The voyage took 18 days and 10 hours", "They carried a small amount of mail with them, meaning it was also the first transatlantic airmail flight. The two British aviators were honoured by King George V, who awarded them the title of Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE). There is a statue of Alcock and Brown at London Heathrow Airport.", "Crewed by Brown and eight professional sailors, with George Steers, his older brother James, and James' son George as passengers, America left New York on June 21, and arrived at Le Havre on July 11. They were joined there by Commodore Stevens. After drydocking and repainting America left for Cowes, Isle of Wight, on July 30. While there the crew would enjoy the hospitality of the Royal Yacht Squadron while Stevens searched for someone who would race against his yacht. ", "Birth in Glasgow of Arthur Whitten Brown (later Sir Arthur), companion of Alcock on the first west to east aircraft crossing of the Atlantic." ]

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