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digital data information is transmitted during at least one whole frame in television format , for the display of a television frame of alpha - numeric characters . the digital information is fitted to television lines with check bits at the end of each line . successive fields of a frame carry the same digital information for redundant verification of accuracy . microprocessors control processing of the information at both transmitting and receiving locations , coactively with memories . an identification code is provided for each frame .

a camera capable of controlling the supply of power to the internal circuitry of the camera which includes a power supply for supplying power to the internal circuitry of the camera , circuitry for determining one or more photographic conditions associated with an object , and circuitry for concurrently activating the power supply and the determining circuitry to initiate a photograph taking operation .

We model a coronal loop as a 3D magnetic cylinder in a realistic solar atmosphere that extends from the chromosphere to the corona. Kink oscillations, believed to be ubiquitous in the solar corona, are launched in the loop. Heating is expected owing to the dissipation of wave energy at small structures that develop from the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability induced by kink oscillations. Increases in temperature and internal energy can be observed in the coronal counterpart of the driven loop. With the presence of thermal conduction, chromospheric evaporation can also be seen. Although the volume-averaged temperature and density changes seem slight (~4% relative to a nondriven loop), the enthalpy flow from the lower atmosphere redistributes the density and temperature in the vertical direction, thus enhancing the dissipation of wave energy in the corona. The efficient heating in the coronal counterpart of the loop can complement the thermal conductive losses shown in the current model and thus maintain the internal energy in the corona.

the invention relates to a system and method for executing a scanning procedure comprising the steps of generating ct image data for a scan , generating ct attenuation correction data for the scan , acquiring a current frame of pet data for the scan in a 3d format , and simultaneously conducting the following steps : reconstructing at least a portion of a pet image for the current frame , including the step of overlapping a portion of the current frame with an adjacent frame , and acquiring at least a portion of a next frame of pet data .

a fuel cell system with reduced leakage and a method of assembling a fuel cell system . bipolar plates within the system include reactant channels and coolant channels that are fluidly coupled to inlet and outlet flowpaths , all of which are formed within a coolant - engaging or reactant - engaging surface of the plate . one or more seals are also formed on the fluid - engaging surface to help reduce leakage by maintaining fluid isolation of the reactants and coolant as they flow through their respective channels and flowpaths that are defined between adjacently - placed plates . the seal — with its combination of in - plane and out - of - plane dimensions — forms a substantially hollow volume , into which a plug is placed to reduce the tendency of the seal to form a shunted flow of the coolant or reactant around the intended active area of the plate . a fluid port intersection is integrally formed with the seal and is formed to be fluidly cooperative with the volume , and is capable of accepting the introduction of a fluent precursor of the plug material such that upon curing , the precursor material forms a substantially rigid insert that continuously fills both the volume and intersection , thereby increasing the resistance of the plug to movement and the seal to shunted flow . in one form , the geometry of the fluent material injection site is such that it promotes plug anchoring within its intended location , while also providing a manufacturing aid to visually inspect for plug installation , as well as to serve as a bipolar plate stacking alignment locator and verification .

The analysis of relative motion of two spacecraft in Earth-bound orbits is usually carried out on the basis of simplifying assumptions. In particular, the reference spacecraft is assumed to follow a circular orbit, in which case the equations of relative motion are governed by the well-known Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire equations. Circular motion is not, however, a solution when the Earth's flattening is accounted for, except for equatorial orbits, where in any case the acceleration term is not Newtonian. Several attempts have been made to account for the J_2 effects, either by ingeniously taking advantage of their differential effects, or by cleverly introducing ad-hoc terms in the equations of motion on the basis of geometrical analysis of the J_2 perturbing effects. Analysis of relative motion about an unperturbed elliptical orbit is the next step in complexity. Relative motion about a J_2-perturbed elliptic reference trajectory is clearly a challenging problem, which has received little attention. All these problems are based on either the Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire equations for circular reference motion, or the de Vries/Tschauner-Hempel equations for elliptical reference motion, which are both approximate versions of the exact equations of relative motion. The main difference between the exact and approximate forms of these equations consists in the expression for the angular velocity and the angular acceleration of the rotating reference frame with respect to an inertial reference frame. The rotating reference frame is invariably taken as the local orbital frame, i.e., the RTN frame generated by the radial, the transverse, and the normal directions along the primary spacecraft orbit. Some authors have tried to account for the non-constant nature of the angular velocity vector, but have limited their correction to a mean motion value consistent with the J_2 perturbation terms. However, the angular velocity vector is also affected in direction, which causes precession of the node and the argument of perigee, i.e., of the entire orbital plane. Here we provide a derivation of the exact equations of relative motion by expressing the angular velocity of the RTN frame in terms of the state vector of the reference spacecraft. As such, these equations are completely general, in the sense that the orbit of the reference spacecraft need only be known through its ephemeris, and therefore subject to any force field whatever. It is also shown that these equations reduce to either the Hill-Clohessy-Wiltshire, or the Tschauner-Hempel equations, depending on the level of approximation. The explicit form of the equations of relative motion with respect to a J_2-perturbed reference orbit is also introduced.

the present invention relates to systems for improving the range of pool skimmers . in some embodiments , the present invention provides at least one track that is attached to the pool sidewall and a second weir that moves along the track . in other embodiments , the present invention provides a deflector that is attached to the pool sidewall , extends from the sidewall and above the skimmer opening , and includes a side opening adjacent for feeding water to the skimmer opening . without being bound to any particular theory , it is believed that the apparatuses are cheap to manufacture , safe , conserve water and chemical use , and allow for an aesthetically pleasing full pool .

This paper investigates the spin-up of a mass-accreting star in a close binary system passing through the first stage of mass exchange in the Hertzsprung gap. Inside an accreting star, angular momentum is carried by meridional circulation and shear turbulence. The circulation carries part of the angular momentum of the accreted layers to the accretor's surface. The greater the rate of arrival of angular momentum in the accretor is, the greater this part. It is assumed that this part of the angular momentum can be removed by the disk further from the accretor. If the angular momentum in the matter entering the accretor is more than half the Keplerian value, then the angular momentum obtained by the accretor during mass exchange stage does not depend on the rate of arrival of angular momentum. The accretor may have the characteristics of a Be-star immediately after the end of mass exchange.

a vehicle power steering system which effects steering with a pair of fluid actuated cylinders , one cylinder being operatively connected to each steerable wheel . each cylinder is normally powered independently of the other cylinder so that both cylinders steer the vehicle . a pressurized fluid flow from a single source is divided for parallel flow along companion fluid flow paths to the individual cylinders . in response to a pre - determined pressure decrease sensed in one of those fluid flow paths a pressure responsive fluid diverter automatically diverts fluid flow from the reduced pressure flow path to the companion path so that all pressurized fluid in the system is then utilized to power one of the cylinders .

the invention is a replacement for a conventional incandescent or halogen light bulb . besides providing regular illumination , it has advantages over a conventional bulb while maintaining the bulb &# 39 ; s decorative function , such as visual effects associated with the bulb &# 39 ; s envelope or shade . the invention comprises a connector equivalent to a standard light bulb base , at least one light emitting diode , and a driving circuit hosted on a module such as a printed circuit board and adapting the supply voltage to the requirements of the led . compensation for the effects of temperature may be included . the invention may also include other circuitry to support various enhanced features such as novel decorative features or control over the brightness , color , or other characteristics — all potentially varying over time or being controlled remotely .

a method of forming a double - gated transistor having a rounded active region to improve goi and leakage current control comprises the following steps , inter alia . an soi substrate is patterned and a rounded oxide layer is formed over the exposed side walls of a patterned upper soi silicon layer . a dummy layer , having an opening defining a gate , is formed over the exposed patterned top oxide layer and the exposed portions of the upper soi silicon layer . an undercut is formed into the undercut lower soi oxide layer and the exposed gate area portion of the oxide layer is removed . the portion of the rounded oxide layer within the gate area is removed and a conformal oxide layer is formed over a part of the structure . a gate is formed within the second patterned dummy layer opening and the patterned dummy layer is removed to form the double gated transistor .

briefly described , embodiments of this disclosure include ink formulation and modified pigments . one exemplary modified pigment , among others , includes a pigment a represented by the formula in fig . 3 .

methods and apparatus for protecting data bus ports and their corresponding phy devices from taking damage associated with excess voltage across one or more signal pairs during an intermittent connection . such connections cause the signal pins to carry external device current which raises the signal voltage above the power rails , exceeding the phy device ratings and causing phy degradation or destruction . in an exemplary embodiment , an rc circuit is used to detect the voltage level across a signal pair . if this voltage level exceeds a certain preset voltage level , power to the outgoing serial bus port is shut off and return power is abated . while the circuit is responding , the exemplary embodiment uses a 3 . 6v zener diode to bleed excess voltage to ground . a current monitor / limiter is also used for limiting current if the voltage level detected exceeds a certain threshold .

a system and method for first changing the encryption key on a self - encrypting disk drive followed by a complete disk wipe . either process can be separately performed , and they can be performed in any order . in fact , one embodiment of the invention , resets the symmetric key , wipes the disk a predetermined number of times with different predetermined data patterns , and then resets the key a second time . this assures that there is absolutely no way to recover the original key or to read the original plain text data , even if some of it &# 39 ; s encrypted values remain on unallocated tracks after wiping . a user can be assured that in milliseconds after starting the wiping process , the entire disk is rendered unreadable and unrecoverable .

a system to monitor the status of a firefighter comprising a self contained breathing apparatus associated with the firefighter and operational with a microprocessor to transmit and receive signals by means of transceivers , a monitor to visually observe the signals , and a personal alert safety system operational with the apparatus to detect firefighter distress signals .

an internal combustion engine is provided by reciprocating force is translated to rotational motion without the use of a conventional crankshaft . a series of crank bearings are aligned linearly whereby piston rods disposed therebetween provide rotational motion for a power take - off or the like .

provided is an apparatus comprising a latch mechanism , wherein the latch mechanism comprises a touch point , push points , pull back handles , and a latch tongue adapted to move up and down , wherein the latch tongue is adapted to being inserted into a retention hole .

a novel family of amine azides having a cyclic structure therein is disclosed . these compounds have attractive properties as rocket propellants .

a multi - dimensional database includes data organized into hierarchical levels . for each level within a dimension , predefined thresholds are set to determine which intersections are precomputed and which are not . the general result is to precompute intersections which take relatively longer to compute at run time , and to not precompute intersections which can be calculated relatively quickly at run time . when multiple dimensions of data are provided , a step - by - step process uses the level threshold for each dimension to determine whether data is to be prestored at an intersection . an odd - even calculation insures that computations performed at run time are relatively efficient . the technique results in good run time response , while not requiring maximum storage or recalculation time for data updates . by adjusting the thresholds at the individual dimension level , response of the multi - dimensional database can be changed as desired .

a process for epitaxially coating the front surface of a semiconductor wafer in a cvd reactor , the front surface of the semiconductor wafer being exposed to a process gas which contains a source gas and a carrier gas , and the back surface of the semiconductor wafer being exposed to a displacement gas , wherein the displacement gas contains no more than 5 % by volume of hydrogen , with the result that diffusion of dopants out of the back surface of the semiconductor wafer , which is intensified by hydrogen , is substantially avoided . with this process , it is possible to produce a semiconductor wafer with a substrate resistivity of ≦ 100 mωcm and a resistivity of the epitaxial layer of & gt ; 1 ωcm without back - surface coating , the epitaxial layer of which semiconductor wafer has a resistance inhomogeneity of & lt ; 10 %.

a miniature and large aperture superwide - angle lens whose aberration is satisfactorily corrected consisting of ten lenses grouped in nine lens components wherein the following conditions to are satisfied : 1 . f / 1 . 25 & lt ;| f 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 |& lt ; f , f 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 & lt ; 0 2 . f / 0 . 8 & lt ;| f 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 |& lt ; f / 0 . 5 , f 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 & lt ; 0 3 . ν 5 & lt ; 30 , ν 7 & lt ; 27 4 . 2 . 3f & lt ; r 13 & lt ; 3 . 0f 5 . 1 . 3f & lt ; & lt ; 1 . 7f 6 . 0 . 6f & lt ; & lt ; 0 . 8f

Version used for Wogan et al. (2023) submitted paper on post-impact atmospheres on the early Earth.

a neutron multi - detector array feeds pulses in parallel to individual inputs that are tied to individual bits in a digital word . data is collected by loading a word at the individual bit level in parallel . the word is read at regular intervals , all bits simultaneously , to minimize latency . the electronics then pass the word to a number of storage locations for subsequent processing , thereby removing the front - end problem of pulse pileup .

an apparatus for providing remote answering of a doorbell includes a circuit for receiving a doorbell signal indicative that a doorbell switch has been actuated . an autodialing circuit is coupled to and responsive to the receiving circuit and a telephone line for dialing a telephone number responsive to the doorbell signal . an alerting circuit generates an alert signal to be transmitted over the telephone line to the telephone number dialed by the autodialing circuit , so that the alert signal may alert a party answering the remote telephone to the fact that the party is responding to a doorbell rather than a normal telephone call . an audio speaker is physically situated near the doorbell switch , for reproducing audio signals from the telephone line which are generated at the remote telephone . an audio microphone is also physically situated near the doorbell switch , for generating electrical signals responsive to sounds made near the doorbell switch and transmitting the signals to the telephone line to the remote telephone . the apparatus further includes a switching network for coupling the door speaker and microphone to a local telephone set and a remote telephone set selectively in any combination .

a catheter balloon having improved steerability is disclosed having a transition between a soft distal tip and a relatively stiffer working portion of a balloon carrying a stent , in the form of a support sleeve on the inner member . the support sleeve provides stiffness to the taper portion of the balloon and also allows precise location of a radio opaque marker . the support sleeve can have a varying thickness or be made of a combination of materials to yield an increasing or decreasing stiffness along the support sleeve to provide an even smoother transition along the balloon &# 39 ; s length .

in accordance with embodiments , there are provided mechanisms and methods for creating , exporting , viewing and testing , and importing custom applications in a multitenant database environment . these mechanisms and methods can enable embodiments to provide a vehicle for sharing applications across organizational boundaries . the ability to share applications across organizational boundaries can enable tenants in a multi - tenant database system , for example , to easily and efficiently import and export , and thus share , applications with other tenants in the multi - tenant environment .

the present invention relates to new materials composed of reticulate polymer loaded with micro - or nano - loads which result in particles or microparticles to be used in fracking muds for secondary extraction of gas and oil .

a cap assembly for a battery and a battery incorporating the cap assembly . the cap assembly includes a plate that connects the electrodes of the bare cell of the battery . the cap assembly includes a vent member that includes a protrusion that is physically connected to the plate . excess pressure within the bare cell results in the protrusion disconnecting from the plate thereby interrupting current . the vent further includes two circular notches , an inner notch and an outer notch . the vent further includes a cross notch that extends radially outward so as to intersect and extend beyond both the first and second notches . the notches are configured to release when the pressure within the bare cell exceeds a burst pressure .

Python for Power System Analysis (PyPSA) is a free software toolbox for simulating and optimising modern power systems that include features such as variable wind and solar generation, storage units, sector coupling and mixed alternating and direct current networks. PyPSA is designed to scale well with large networks and long time series. Find out more at: https://pypsa.org/ and http://github.com/FRESNA/PyPSA This is release 0.9.0 of PyPSA. Please see https://pypsa.org/doc/release_notes.html#pypsa-0-9-0-29th-april-2017 for a hyper-linked version of these release notes. This release mostly contains new features with a few minor API changes. Unit commitment as a MILP problem is now available for generators in the Linear Optimal Power Flow (LOPF). If you set committable == True for the generator, an addition binary online/offline status is created. Minimum part loads, minimum up times, minimum down times, start up costs and shut down costs are implemented. See the documentation at Generator unit commitment constraints and the unit commitment example. Note that a generator cannot currently have both unit commitment and capacity expansion optimisation. Generator ramping limits have also been implemented for all generators. See the documentation at Generator ramping constraints and the unit commitment example. Different mathematically-equivalent formulations for the Linear Optimal Power Flow (LOPF) are now documented in Passive branch flow formulations and the arXiv preprint paper Linear Optimal Power Flow Using Cycle Flows. The new formulations can solve up to 20 times faster than the standard angle-based formulation. You can pass the network.lopf function the solver_io argument for pyomo. There are some improvements to network clustering and graphing. API change: The attribute network.now has been removed since it was unnecessary. Now, if you do not pass a snapshots argument to network.pf() or network.lpf(), these functions will default to network.snapshots rather than network.now. API change: When reading in network data from CSV files, PyPSA will parse snapshot dates as proper datetimes rather than text strings. João Gorenstein Dedecca has also implemented a MILP version of the transmission expansion, see https://github.com/jdedecca/MILP_PyPSA, which properly takes account of the impedance with a disjunctive relaxation. This will be pulled into the main PyPSA code base soon.

a method , terminal , system and computer readable medium for cell reselection are disclosed . when in a cell of a long term evolution system , the terminal receives a message from the lte system . the message includes a dedicated priority list for the cell reselection . when the terminal camps on a cell of a non - lte system , the terminal performs inter - system cell reselection in accordance with the dedicated priority list before a valid time of the dedicated priority list expires . with the discloses method , terminal and system , the problems of establishing a dedicated priority list causes too much increased signaling and too high costs for network update in the prior art when perform inter - system cell selection are effectively resolved .

Version used for paper "Cloud forcing of surface energy balance from in-situ measurements in diverse mountain glacier environments" by Conway et al. https://tc.copernicus.org/preprints/tc-2022-24/

in an image pickup apparatus having an image pickup device and a shutter speed control circuit for controlling a shutter speed of the image pickup device , the shutter speed control circuit is comprised of a circuit for generating a sensor gate pulse in accordance with a vertical scanning timing so as to output an accumulated charge in the image pickup device , a circuit for generating a saw tooth signal being reset to a predetermined voltage level in accordance with the sensor gate pulse , an inclination of the saw tooth signal in just before reset to the predetermined voltage level being larger than the same in just after reset to the predetermined voltage level , a circuit for comparing a voltage level of an output signal of the image pickup device with the saw tooth signal so as to generate a gate pulse , and a circuit for controlling an accumulating period of the image pickup device in accordance with the gate pulse .

an antenna for a wireless device may be kept dynamically tuned to a desired center frequency to compensate for detuning which may be caused by environmental influences . a sensor provides a feedback signal to a controller to select an appropriate capacitance value from a variable capacitor to tune the antenna for the wireless device . the variable capacitor may comprise a plurality of fixed capacitors and mems switches arranged in parallel or may comprise a variable mems capacitor having a fixed lower plate and a flexible upper plate .

the present invention generally relates to devices and methods for attaching cameras , such as the gopro ® camera , to a portable electronic device . in one aspect , the present invention is directed to a device for attaching a camera to a portable electronic device . the device comprises a camera mount , a proximal frame , and a distal frame . the camera mount comprises three prong - like protrusions having through - holes , and the camera mount is molded as a unitary piece with the proximal frame .

a self - locking lock nut to be applied to a shaft having an axial keyway . it can be applied and removed with or without special tooling by virtue of a camming relationship between the teeth of a rotationally restrained axially biased lock ring , and the teeth of a rotatable nut ring that is threaded to the shaft , and which bears against a thrust washer to which the lock ring is retained .

the present invention discloses a semiconductor source / drain contact structure , which comprises a substrate , a source / drain region disposed in the substrate , at least one non - silicided conductive layer including a barrier layer disposed over and in contact with the source / drain region , and one or more contact hole filling metals disposed over and in contact with the at least one non - silicided conductive layer , wherein a first contact area between the at least one non - silicided conductive layer and the source / drain region is substantially larger than a second contact area between the one or more contact hole filling metals and the at least one non - silicided conductive layer .

a method for installing a rotor blade on a wind turbine , the rotor blade comprising a blade root for fastening the rotor blade to a hub , a blade tip facing away from the blade root , and a longitudinal axis running from the blade root to the blade tip , and the method comprising the steps of : hoisting the rotor blade using a crane , recording measurement data relating to the position and / or orientation of the rotor blade using at least one measuring means during the hoisting , and transmitting the measurement data to at least one monitoring station for monitoring the hoisting and / or to at least one control facility for controlling the position and / or orientation of the rotor blade .

the present invention is directed to radiolabeled n - substituted - 6 - iodo - 3 , 14 - dihydroxy - 4 , 5α - epoxymorphinans , intermediates for producing the same , and a process for the preparation and methods of detecting opioid receptors . the radioimaging agent of the present invention has the following formula : ## str1 ## wherein i is selected from the group consisting of 123 l and 125 ; and where r is alkyl , cycloalkylloweralkyl or allyl .

an iron containing bioreactor for treating explosive compounds and other organics in contaminated surface water is disclosed . the bioreactor can be located either on - ground or in - ground at a location across which contaminated surface water flows . in one configuration the reactor is made up of indigenous microbes , acetate , a low density iron - containing bed , and contains anaerobic zones in at least one portion of the flowpath . the reactor reduces the concentration of explosive compounds to below 10 ppb and also maintains this explosive compound reduction level for a period of at least one year without replenishing the microbes or iron .

an upper body protector is configured to protect a person from compression trauma . the protector is formed with rigid protection elements and shoulder straps on the protection elements . in order to create one such upper body protector which offers not only especially high protection against compression of the upper body , but is also as comfortable to wear as possible and does not limit the freedom of movement of the carrier , the shoulder straps and the protection elements together form at least two cage elements of fiber - reinforced plastic material . the cage element are formed with at least one tubular body consisting of a fiber - reinforced plastic material , especially a carbon fiber reinforced plastic material .

golf putters with an alignment sight feature and an alignment ball section located at the club head end for achieving more accurate alignment and stroke of the putter . toe and heel weighting within the ball section further contributes to greater putting accuracy . in the embodiments , a hemispherical ball section is mounted on a conforming blade and its face serves as the ball striking surface . in one embodiment , a bar mounted at the end of a shaft and an alignment stripe on the ball section form the alignment means , while in a second embodiment a curved metal bar is integrally formed with an overlying alignment bar to form an alignment sight .

an improved bicarbonate determination with variability of apparent dissociation constant in henderson - hasselbach equation or henderson equation with henry &# 39 ; s law is described . the improved bicarbonate is utilized in the determination of improved strong ion difference and strong ion difference excess as the change in sid from the reference value at ph = 7 . 4 , pco2 = 5 . 33 kpa for blood gas testing .

a strobe light mounting system for underwater cameras with arm segments clamped together with side clamps that grasp balls on the ends of the arm segments . the arm segments are rigid , light , and low in water resistance because they have four longitudinal channels pierced by mutually orthogonal transverse holes of large diameter so that longitudinal ribs are preserved at the maximum diameter of the arm segment . water flows easily through the orthogonal holes permitting easy movement underwater .

the present invention relates to a board connector for electrically connecting together circuit boards which are incorporated in , for example , a mobile telephone . a dust - proof measure is carried out by swingably attaching a cover member to a plug via a fulcrum shaft , and covering contact portions of the plug and socket in a fitting state with the cover member . in one of the plug and the cover member , a protrusion which causes an end portion to continuously butt against another one of the plug and the cover member from one end to another end is disposed , whereby , when the plug is inserted , the force of inserting the plug is evenly transmitted from the cover member to the whole plug . joining portions which , when the plug and the socket are fitted to each other , are joined to each other in a front side with respect to the fulcrum shaft are disposed in the socket and the cover member . the plug is pulled up with using the cover member as a lever by swinging the cover member with setting the joining portions as a lever fulcrum .

a cyclonic separating apparatus for separating particles from a dirt - laden airflow includes a cyclone for separating and collecting dirt and dust from the dirt - laden airflow . the cyclone has an air inlet , an air outlet , a longitudinal axis and a wall . the wall includes a first portion and a second portion spaced farther from the longitudinal axis than the first portion , the first and second portions being spaced along the longitudinal axis . the cyclone also includes at least one lip extending from the first portion of the wall into a portion of the cyclone surrounded by the second portion of the wall . by providing a cyclone with a wall having two portions of different sizes and a lip extending from the portion with the smaller size into the portion with the larger size , the risk of blockages due to re - entrainment and movement of dirt and dust within the cyclonic separating apparatus is reduced .

a method for treating solid materials is disclosed , where the treating compositions coats surfaces or portions of surfaces of the solid materials changing an aggregation or agglomeration propensity of the materials . treated solid materials are also disclosed . the methods and treated materials are ideally suited for oil field applications .

a self - contained stand - alone weighing system comprises at least one weight supporting surface for bearing the weight of an object , at least one transducer coupled to the weight supporting surface for producing a signal indicative of the weight , and a processor for receiving the signal and producing a resultant weight signal . the resultant weight signal is then represented in a form perceptible to humans by a weight indicator . the self - contained weighing system also comprises a rechargeable battery for supplying electrical energy , and a housing for enclosing the weighing system to form a single unit .

the federal communications commission order 05 - 116 , e911 requirements for ip - enabled service providers , requires interconnected voice over internet protocol service providers to deliver all emergency service calls to a voip service user &# 39 ; s local emergency service operator as a standard feature of the service . under the fcc order , voip service providers must supply emergency service if the voip service user accesses the voip service over broadband and if the voip service provider interconnects to and from the public switched telephone network . embodiments of the present invention guarantee compliance with the fcc order by routing a call as either a voip call over the internet or as a conventional call over the pstn , verifying that at least one of the voip or pstn telephony connections supports emergency service and routing calls over that connection or , if there is no connection supplying emergency service , restricting calling over the voip connection .

the claimed invention disclosed is used in consumer electronics device interoperability . systems , apparatuses and methods for processing a concurrent igrs - upnp architecture 201 for both igrs and upnp standards conformance .

the invention relates to a novel projector which has an asymmetrical illumination characteristic , and a clear light - dark limit , and uses almost the entire radiation power outputted from the semiconductor light source . to this end , the projector consists of a field of individual semiconductor light sources which are provided with optical elements having a novel form . said optical elements have as flat a form as possible , such that the light admission inlet of the optical element has an elongated , essentially rectangular form . furthermore , the optical elements comprise a central region , perpendicular to the light admission surface , the projection of said central region into a two - dimensional plane corresponding to a cylindrical two - dimensional cartesian oval . according to the invention , in order to better use the light emitted from the semiconductor light source , the light emergence surface of the optical element , in the form of a cartesian oval , is combined with a parabolic reflector .

Context. Most massive protostars exhibit bipolar outflows. Nonetheless, there is no consensus regarding the mechanism at the origin of these outflows, nor on the cause of the less-frequently observed monopolar outflows. <BR /> Aims: We aim to identify the origin of early massive protostellar outflows, focusing on the combined effects of radiative transfer and magnetic fields in a turbulent medium. <BR /> Methods: We use four state-of-the-art radiation-magnetohydrodynamical simulations following the collapse of massive 100 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> pre-stellar cores with the RAMSES code. Turbulence is taken into account via initial velocity dispersion. We use a hybrid radiative transfer method and include ambipolar diffusion. <BR /> Results: Turbulence delays the launching of outflows, which appear to be mainly driven by magnetohydrodynamical processes. We study both the magnetic tower flow and the magneto-centrifugal acceleration as possible origins. Both contribute to the acceleration and the former operates on larger volumes than the latter. Our finest resolution, 5 AU, does not allow us to get converged results on magneto-centrifugally accelerated outflows. Radiative acceleration takes place as well, dominates in the star vicinity, enlarges the outflow extent, and has no negative impact on the launching of magnetic outflows (up to M ~17 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, L ~ 10<SUP>5</SUP> L<SUB>⊙</SUB>). We observe mass outflow rates of 10<SUP>−5</SUP>−10<SUP>−4</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>−1</SUP> and momentum rates of the order ~10<SUP>−4</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> km s<SUP>−1</SUP> yr<SUP>−1</SUP>. The associated opening angles (20−30deg when magnetic fields dominate) are in a range between observed values for wide-angle outflows and collimated outflows. If confirmed with a finer numerical resolution at the outflow interface, this suggests additional (de-)collimating effects. Outflows are launched nearly perpendicular to the disk and are misaligned with the initial core-scale magnetic fields, in agreement with several observational studies. In the most turbulent run, the outflow is monopolar. <BR /> Conclusions: Magnetic processes are dominant over radiative ones in the acceleration of massive protostellar outflows of up to ~17 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. Turbulence perturbs the outflow launching and is a possible explanation for monopolar outflows.

the sip - based multimedia communication system for providing mobility using lifelong numbers provides mobility through sip network service domains and a global domain . the sip network service domain comprises a user agent and an sip network server . the user agent transmits request / response messages between users to set up , correct , and cancel calls , and when contact information of the user agent is registered and registration of the contact information is cancelled , requests to be informed of state changes in registration information . the sip network server performs message routing between user agents and informs the contact information of the user agents during message routing . the global domain manages the sip network service domains and allocates global sip identifiers , that is , lifelong numbers to users to provide user - centered mobility .

a liquid extraction cleaning device comprises a vacuum pump , a liquid pump , a cleaning solution tank , a recovery tank , first and second spray nozzles , a spray selection switch , a vacuum inlet port , an agitator assembly , and a handle . the spray selection switch controls whether liquid is expelled from the second spray nozzle when liquid is expelled from the first spray nozzle . the agitator assembly comprises first and second agitators . the first agitator is configured to rotate . the second agitator is configured to reciprocate . the handle is pivotally connected to the rest of the liquid extraction cleaning device and is lockable in several pivotal orientations . the handle can also be pivoted forward from a rearwardly extending direction to an extent that it extends forward horizontally .

We present the results of a search for rapidly evolving transients in the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Programme. These events are characterized by fast light-curve evolution (rise to peak in ≲10 d and exponential decline in ≲30 d after peak). We discovered 72 events, including 37 transients with a spectroscopic redshift from host galaxy spectral features. The 37 events increase the total number of rapid optical transients by more than a factor of two. They are found at a wide range of redshifts (0.05 &lt; z &lt; 1.56) and peak brightnesses (-15.75 &gt; M<SUB>g</SUB> &gt; -22.25). The multiband photometry is well fit by a blackbody up to few weeks after peak. The events appear to be hot (T ≈ 10 000-30 000 K) and large (R ≈ 10<SUP>14</SUP> - 2 × 10<SUP>15</SUP> cm) at peak, and generally expand and cool in time, though some events show evidence for a receding photosphere with roughly constant temperature. Spectra taken around peak are dominated by a blue featureless continuum consistent with hot, optically thick ejecta. We compare our events with a previously suggested physical scenario involving shock breakout in an optically thick wind surrounding a core-collapse supernova, we conclude that current models for such a scenario might need an additional power source to describe the exponential decline. We find that these transients tend to favour star-forming host galaxies, which could be consistent with a core-collapse origin. However, more detailed modelling of the light curves is necessary to determine their physical origin.

a device for treating mitral regurgitation including an anchor which features one or more reinforcing bars , ribbon and suture .

The WFIRST microlensing mission will measure precise light curves and relative parallaxes for millions of stars, giving it the potential to characterize short-period transiting planets all along the line of sight and into the galactic bulge. These light curves will enable the detection of more than 100,000 transiting planets whose host stars have measured distances. Although most of these planets cannot be followed up, several thousand hot Jupiters can be confirmed directly by detection of their secondary eclipses in the WFIRST data. Additionally, some systems of small planets may be confirmed by detecting transit timing variations over the duration of the WFIRST microlensing survey. Finally, many more planets may be validated by ruling out potential false positives. The combination of WFIRST transits and microlensing will provide a complete picture of planetary system architectures, from the very shortest periods to unbound planets, as a function of galactocentric distance.

the present invention relates to certain salts of a 11 -- 14 , 19 - dioxa - 5 , 7 , 26triaza - tetra - cyclo . 1 ] heptacosa - 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 16 , 21 , 23 - decaene which have been found to have improved properties . in particular the present invention relates to the maleate salt of this compound . the invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing this salt and methods of use of the salt in the treatment of certain medical conditions .

disclosed is a curved surface element which has at least a portion thereof covered with a holographic diffraction grating which was constructed to be essentially distortion free on said curved surface , whereby such diffraction grating diffracts light to emit color to the observer . the diffraction grating can take for form of a holographic optical element attached to the curved surface or a diffractive holographic optical pattern embossed into the curved surface .

method , computer program product , and system to perform an operation for a deep question answering system . the operation begins by computing a concept score for a first concept in a first case received by the deep question answering system , the concept score being based on a machine learning concept model for the first concept . the operation then excludes the first concept from consideration when analyzing a candidate answer and an item of supporting evidence to generate a response to the first case upon determining that the concept score does not exceed a predefined concept minimum weight threshold . the operation then increases a weight applied to the first concept when analyzing the candidate answer and the item of supporting evidence to generate the response to the first case when the concept score exceeds a predefined maximum weight threshold .

a system may include a holder including a wearable component , a dock coupled to the wearable component ; a memory coupled to the dock ; and a computing device removeably coupled to the dock . the computing device receives from and stores data to the memory . the data is capable of causing the coupled computing device to automatically adopt a mode of another computing device coupled to the dock at a different time .

a detachable rotational filter supporter is disclosed . the supporter can : release a filter when the housing is rotated ; block the flow channel immediately when the filter is separated from the filter supporter ; automatically open the closed flow channel when the filter is installed to the filter supporter ; and simultaneously hold the filter when the housing is located at the original position . therefore , the detachable rotational filter supporter allows the filter to be easily separated from and installed to the water purifier and allows general users to simply replace the filters .

a method and system for managing telephone services and for synchronizing with video services is disclosed in which a subscriber selects and requests services through a selection device such as a telephone keypad and a video display displays information associated with the selected or requested service . an auto - mute feature is provided to mute the tv device when an off - hook event is detected . a service synchronization module temporarily interrupts the delivery of a video program upon the occurrence of a telephone call by pausing or recording the program and resumes the delivery after the telephone call is terminated .

in an encapsulated semiconductor module in which a semiconductor chip , having a major surface with terminals thereon , is deposed within the encapsulating material , a plurality of self - supporting , unitary , discrete , and continuous lead frame conductors formed of metal sheet stock are positioned at various locations around the chip and cantilevered out of the encapsulating material , so that discrete wires can be used to connect respective ones of said conductors to respective ones of said terminals . in the present invention excessively long bonding wires are avoided by connecting a selected one of said lead frame conductors to a parallel conductor by a jumper wire and connecting the parallel conductor to the desired terminal with a short wire .

there is disclosed a planetary gear winch comprising a selectively operable freewheel arrangement therefor . the freewheel arrangement of the invention provides the winch operator with the ability to disengage the winch drum from the planetary gear reduction drive train , under no - load conditions , thereby to allow freewheeling rotation of the winch drum and rapid unwinding of line therefrom .

We present a study of the metal-enriched halo gas, traced using Mg II and [O II] emission lines, in two large, blind galaxy surveys - the MUSE (Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer) Analysis of Gas around Galaxies (MAGG) and the MUSE Ultra Deep Field (MUDF). By stacking a sample of ≈600 galaxies (stellar masses $M_*$ ≈ 10<SUP>6-12</SUP> $\rm M_\odot$), we characterize for the first time the average metal line emission from a general population of galaxy haloes at 0.7 ≤ z ≤ 1.5. The Mg II and [O II] line emission extends farther out than the stellar continuum emission, on average out to ≈25 and ≈45 kpc, respectively, at a surface brightness (SB) level of 10<SUP>-20</SUP> $\rm erg\, s^{-1}\, cm^{-2}\, arcsec^{-2}$. The radial profile of the Mg II SB is shallower than that of the [O II], suggesting that the resonant Mg II emission is affected by dust and radiative transfer effects. The [O II] to Mg II SB ratio is ≈3 over ≈20-40 kpc, also indicating a significant in situ origin of the extended metal emission. The average SB profiles are intrinsically brighter by a factor of ≈2-3 and more radially extended by a factor of ≈1.3 at 1.0 &lt; z ≤ 1.5 than at 0.7 ≤ z ≤ 1.0. The average extent of the metal emission also increases independently with increasing stellar mass and in overdense group environments. When considering individual detections, we find extended [O II] emission up to ≈50 kpc around ≈30-40 per cent of the group galaxies, and extended (≈30-40 kpc) Mg II emission around two z ≈ 1 quasars in groups, which could arise from outflows or environmental processes.

the present invention relates to a method and system for distributed computing an s transform dataset of multidimensional image data of an object . the multidimensional image data are fast fourier transformed into fourier domain producing a fourier spectrum . the respective fourier frequencies are then partitioned into a plurality of portions of frequencies for simultaneously processing . processing of each of the plurality of portions of the fourier frequencies is assigned to a respective processor of a plurality of processors . the fourier spectrum of multidimensional image data and each of the plurality of portions of the fourier frequencies is transmitted to the respective processor . the portions of the fourier frequencies are then simultaneously processed in order to produce the s transform dataset . the s transform data are then collected and stored . the method and system for computing the s transform according to the invention provides a substantially increased computation speed enabling use of the s transform for practical applications in a clinical setting .

The scripts necessary for generating the results provided in the "Cost-efficient QFA Algorithm for Quantum Computers".

the modular , folder based approach for semi - automated document classification is a systematic approach to implementing a divide and conquer strategy which leverages the power of known automated document classification techniques and organizes the use of standard software techniques into a system which is easy to configure , and deploy .

instead of trying to minimize some cost function of color errors , the present invention exploits physical models of scene - image relations . an image is first segmented into regions corresponding to objects in the physical world . each object is then painted with a few levels of shades of the same chromaticity . this is motivated by the observation that physical objects are the basic units for human visual perception . chromatic variations within an object surface tend to be grossly discounted by our color vision , and therefore , it is not necessary to render those variations accurately . furthermore , since the shading across an object surface spans a much smaller dynamic range as compared to the whole scene , the limited number of color shades can be more effectively used within a segmented image region .

a method naturally decomposing a piece of gum uses a quantity of biological organism infused through a quantity of chewing - gum base . once the chewing - gum base is masticated by a user , the biological organisms come into contact with the user &# 39 ; s saliva and begin to biodegrade the chewing - gum base . this method helps to prevent irresponsible disposal of the chewing - gum base after being removed from the user &# 39 ; s mouth .

metering apparatus which employs a structure conforming to long accepted industrial standards but which is adapted to meet the requirements for highly versatile solid - state meter circuits having a multitude of outputs both in terms of electrical signals and visual display . the meter structure is provided an emf and rf barrier coupled to through the interconnection of the meter cover to neutral reference . further , a key actuated switching input is provided through the cover face of the meter with the use of a pattern of contact surfaces positioned on the inner surface of the face . these surfaces cooperate with spring biased contacts arranged to achieve proper contact with them when the meter cover is rotated into its latched orientation . a separate terminal block is provided which is coupled through a multi - lead connector to the meter circuit and which provides discrete individual terminal outputs readily wired by utility personnel trained in the use of older mechanical metering systems .

disclosed is a method for testing a memory device , which can test a memory cell block while testing another memory cell block , so as to catch a process defect of the memory device within a short time period , thereby reducing the test time . the method for testing a memory device provided with a bank including n memory cell blocks and sense amplifiers , the method comprising the steps of : a ) expressing the n memory cell blocks as a first , a second , . . . , an nth memory cell block ; b ) sequentially activating odd - numbered memory cell blocks of the n memory cell blocks one by one in a predetermined time period ; c ) performing sense , read and precharge operations for each activated memory cell block ; and d ) performing steps a ) to c ) for even - numbered memory cell blocks after tests for all the odd - numbered memory cell blocks are finished .

the beverage can presents immediately below the lid a first chamber not initially containing beverages ready for use , but intended to receive the final beverage , the first chamber being separated by a sealed baffle from a second chamber which already contains , a drinkable liquid ; the sealed baffle presenting a housing constructed to receive a filtering device provided with a tube intended to dip into the interior of the second chamber . elements are provided to enable the consumer to dispose the filtering device in the utilization condition in which communication is established between the two chambers via the filtering device such that , when the can is subjected to the action of a heat source , the liquid contained in the lower chamber is transferred into the first chamber by passing through the substance , to give rise to the formation of the beverage .

a system implantable in the coronary venous system , including a pacing lead with an anchoring screw is disclosed . the system includes a stimulation lead for stimulating a left heart cavity of a patient , and a removable catheter for implanting the lead . the lead has at least one stimulation electrode having an anchoring screw that penetrates into the epicardial tissue of the patient . the catheter tube is a pre - shaped tube with two curvatures in the absence of stress . the two curvatures are inscribed in two separate surfaces for self - orientating the distal end of the catheter tube into the target vein and maintaining the axis of the anchoring screw towards the epicardial wall during the screwing of the lead head .

an electrical drive system includes an electric motor having an armature , which is mounted on a stator , and a rotor , wherein aligning stator flux with rotor flux enables current to flow in the armature without inducing torque on the rotor shaft . the disclosed operation may be used , for example , in testing the electrical drive system . the electric drive system can carry full rated current yet produce little or no torque , thereby increasing the current that can be tested during electrical drive test procedures without producing undesired forces or motion . the method may be used , for example , in heating the electric motor , for example for de - icing .

a tool mount assembly includes drop down connections to aid in mounting of a tool to a moving base and a fail - safe tool mounting system for preventing installation of a tool in an undesired or incorrect manner . a plurality of tool mount rails are received within mounts and are uniquely tailored to assure proper placement of tools such as grippers or vacuum cups at desired locations specific to the application requirements .

the present disclosure provides a fusion protein comprising il - 1 receptor antagonist fused to a hybrid fc . particularly the present disclosure relates to a fusion protein comprising il - 1 receptor antagonist fused to a human immunoglobulin hybrid fc fragment . in one embodiment , the hybrid fc fragment comprises igd and igg4 . also provided is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the present fusion protein , which are useful for treating autoimmune disease including rheumatoid arthritis , inflammatory bowel disease , psoriasis and diabetes and the like . the present fusion protein with excellent efficacy and reduced side effects is qualified for clinical development as therapeutic antibodies to treat autoimmune disease .

a method of reporting received signal quality to a transmitter includes measuring a received signal quality in a receiver , and selectively performing the steps of reporting the received signal quality to the transmitter , and reporting a selected modulation and coding scheme to the transmitter .

a method for software distribution and compensation with replenishable advertisements is provided the software may be audio , a game , an application program , a database , or any other digital content . the method couples at least one advertisement to the software and provides the software / advertisement to a computer . the software / advertisement can then be installed on the computer and the computer can use both . while using the software , usage data is recorded on the computer and later posted to an external medium . the external medium may be a server associated with an advertiser or a financial institution . after a predetermine event but before the posting , at least one aspect of the software is prevented from being used . the predetermined event may be a number of times that the software is used , a lapse of time , or an attempt to use a certain portion of the software . after posting , the software can continue to be used .

the interface is an apparatus that is attached to the outlet of a hopper to assist and control the discharge of particulate material onto the loading surface of a feeder , such as a moving belt . the interface results in a saving of 50 to 75 percent in the power required to drive the feeder . three structural innovations contribute to this saving in power . first , a plate that extends vertically and in the direction of movement of the feeder is introduced into the stream of material within the interface to reduce downward pressure on the loading surface of the feeder . second , the lower edge of the strike - off plate is arched upwardly , which reduces the power required for maintaining the shearing action . third , the interface is provided with vertical skirts that prevent lateral spreading of the material so that a narrower feeder can be used .

General relativistic radiative transfer calculations coupled with the calculation of geodesics in the Kerr spacetime are an essential tool for determining the images, spectra, and light curves from matter in the vicinity of black holes. Such studies are especially important for ongoing and upcoming millimeter/submillimeter very long baseline interferometry observations of the supermassive black holes at the centers of Sgr A* and M87. To this end we introduce Odyssey, a graphics processing unit (GPU) based code for ray tracing and radiative transfer in the Kerr spacetime. On a single GPU, the performance of Odyssey can exceed 1 ns per photon, per Runge-Kutta integration step. Odyssey is publicly available, fast, accurate, and flexible enough to be modified to suit the specific needs of new users. Along with a Graphical User Interface powered by a video-accelerated display architecture, we also present an educational software tool, Odyssey_Edu, for showing in real time how null geodesics around a Kerr black hole vary as a function of black hole spin and angle of incidence onto the black hole.

a cartridge for storing pipe lengths on a horizontal directional drill that allows easy loading and unloading of pipes from the cartridge while it is attached to the drill . longitudinal support members and towers at each end of the cartridge provide structural support to the cartridge and maintain the pipe lengths within the cartridge . the sides of the cartridge are open and unobstructed . loading and unloading of pipes can , therefore , be done through the sides of the cartridge .

apparatus for conveying article carriers through a series of processing stations in the form of tanks into which articles supported by the carriers are to be dipped has a row of lifting devices , each including an article carrier support which defines a section of a horizontal processing track along which the article carriers are movable in succession . the article carrier supports are individually displaceable vertically between an upper position and a lower position . when adjacent article carrier supports are simultaneously in the upper position , an article carrier on one of the article carrier supports can be fed over to the other . a sensor triggers lowering of said other article carrier support to the lower position in response to the reception of the article carrier by that article carrier support . when supported by the article carrier support provided at the downstream end of the processing track , the article carrier is displaced , together with the article carrier support generally horizontally transversly of the processing track to a return track on which the article carrier is returned to a position opposite the processing track .

a retention system includes a base supporting a wing spar and a post extending through the base from a first side of the base to a second side of the base . the post inserts through an aperture in the spar . a stop is selectively securable to the post over the second side of the base . a locking member engages the post on the first side of the base . the locking member is configured to selectively move the post from an unlocked position to a locked position in which the post is withdrawn toward the first side relative to the unlocked position . a biasing member encircles the post and is positioned between the stop and the second side . when the locking member is in a closed position the biasing member expands to engage the aperture and resist movement of the wing spar . a plurality of cradles may support the wing .

there is provided a garnish attachment structure of a vehicle body using one of a roof garnish provided along a side part of a roof of the vehicle body and a window garnish provided along a side part of a window glass as a first garnish , and using the other as a second garnish . the garnishes are attached to a vehicle body members provided in the vehicle body . the garnish attachment structure includes : positioning locking parts that lock an end of the first garnish from an up - and - down direction and an end of the second garnish from a longitudinal forward - and - backward direction to the vehicle body member ; and engaging parts that are provided at an each end of the first garnish and the second garnish and are locked to the positioning locking parts . the engaging parts are locked to the positioning locking parts , and the ends of the first garnish and the second garnish overlap each other whereby the first garnish and the second garnish are attached to the vehicle body members .

drum hardware and drum secured thereon are preferably supported on a vest type , t - bar or tubular carrier having a plurality of separate parts removable from each other and formed of a rigid plastic , light metal such as magnesium , aluminum or titanium . the removable hardware includes a removable back support member . the instrument carrier includes an articulating hinge that allows for positive , negative or neutral horizontal positioning of the instruments . the articulating hinge assembly further allows the carrier to be folded for easier transportation and storage in a smaller area .

We numerically simulate planar shock wave collisions in anti-de Sitter space as a model for heavy ion collisions of large nuclei. We uncover a crossover between two different dynamical regimes as a function of the collision energy. At low energies the shocks first stop and then explode in a manner approximately described by hydrodynamics, in close similarity with the Landau model. At high energies the receding fragments move outwards at the speed of light, with a region of negative energy density and negative longitudinal pressure trailing behind them. The rapidity distribution of the energy density at late times around midrapidity is not approximately boost invariant but Gaussian, albeit with a width that increases with the collision energy.

a progressive image display decoder and method of operation for wavelet encoded images achieves reduced memory storage requirements for wavelet transform coefficients and reduced execution time in displaying the image thereby overcoming the limitations of the prior art . conveniently , a wavelet image format , typically djvu iw44 facilitates progressive rendering and smooth scrolling of large color or gray level images with limited memory requirements . the progressive wavelet decoder is composed of two components . the first component decodes the incoming image data and updates an array of wavelet coefficients . the second component applies an inverse wavelet transform to the array of wavelet coefficients for the purpose of reconstructing the image . the operation of the first component is triggered by the incoming compressed image data . the received data is decoded and is used to apply updates to an array of wavelet coefficients . each update improves the accuracy of the coefficients and therefore improves the fidelity of the reconstructed image . the coefficient array is composed of several two - dimensional arrays having one entry corresponding to each 32 × 32 blocks in the image . each entry contains 1024 wavelet coefficients organized as a sparse array with two levels of indirection . the operation of the second component is typically triggered when enough data has been received to display an updated version of the image , or when the user performs an action which requires displaying a new part of the image . in the latter case , the renderer only reconstructs the pixel values for the parts of the image , which are needed . a further reduction of the computation time is obtained by using “ lifting ” for implementing a fast inverse wavelet transform .

an apparatus comprising a first circuit and a second circuit . the first circuit may be conf igured to generate an address signal in response to a first ramp signal , a second ramp signal , and a format signal . the second circuit may be configured to generate the first and second ramp signals in response to a one or more control signals . the address signal may support a raster format when the format signal is in a first state and may support a macroblock format when the format signal is in a second state .

Stars are the main factories of element production in the universe through a suite of complex and intertwined physical processes. Such stellar alchemy is driven by multiple nuclear interactions that through eons have transformed the pristine, metal-poor ashes leftover by the Big Bang into a cosmos with 100 distinct chemical species. The products of stellar nucleosynthesis frequently get mixed inside stars by convective transport or through hydrodynamic instabilities, and a fraction of them is eventually ejected into the interstellar medium, thus polluting the cosmos with gas and dust. <P />The study of the physics of the stars and their role as nucleosynthesis factories owes much to cross-fertilization of different, somehow disconnected fields, ranging from observational astronomy, computational astrophysics, and cosmochemistry to experimental and theoretical nuclear physics. Few books have simultaneously addressed the multidisciplinary nature of this field in an engaging way suitable for students and young scientists. <P />Providing the required multidisciplinary background in a coherent way has been the driving force for Stellar Explosions: Hydrodynamics and Nucleosynthesis. Written by a specialist in stellar astrophysics, this book presents a rigorous but accessible treatment of the physics of stellar explosions from a multidisciplinary perspective at the crossroads of computational astrophysics, observational astronomy, cosmochemistry, and nuclear physics. Basic concepts from all these different fields are applied to the study of classical and recurrent novae, type I and II supernovae, X-ray bursts and superbursts, and stellar mergers. The book shows how a multidisciplinary approach has been instrumental in our understanding of nucleosynthesis in stars, particularly during explosive events.

an adherent bioactive calcium phosphate coating is formed on a titanium or titanium alloy substrate by immersing the substrate in an acidic calcium phosphate solution to form a non - apatitic calcium phosphate coating on the substrate . in a second step the coated substrate can be converted to a less reactive coating by being immersed into a basic or neutral solution to convert the coating into an apatite . however if a relatively reactive coating is desired , the second step can be dispensed with .

methods and apparatuses to encode and decode information . one apparatus may use an encoder with a relatively low complexity , capacity - achieving code . the code may allow information to be reliably transmitted and received across a noisy medium or channel .

Modeling change in climate-tracking seed dispersal provided by birds and mammals

the present invention is directed to compounds of formula , and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof , wherein r is selected from the group consisting of f ,-- cf 3 , -- och 3 , -- oalkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluoro atoms . -- o substituted with 1 to 5 fluoro atoms , and -- oalkyl substituted with 1 to 7 fluoro atoms . the compounds of formula are useful in the treatment of stroke , traumatic brain injury and central nervous system degenerative diseases .

a compact disc package and a method of assembling the same wherein a generally rectangular envelope is formed to contain a slidable carrier sheet which is capable of holding a compact disc thereon . the carrier sheet includes a protruding tab which extends through a predefined slit in the retaining envelope to restrict movement of the carrier sheet so that the carrier sheet is only partially removable from said envelope . the novel compact disc package can be formed from a single series of rectangular sections assembled to create an envelope and a carrier sheet having movement restricted within the open area of the envelope .

an automatically deployable step apparatus particularly usable with vehicle such as a fire truck having a passenger compartment at substantial distance from the surrounding environmental surface which provides powered movement between a deployed position and a retracted position and can be mounted in a relatively small restricted area in order to avoid interference with a truck cab which tilted to provide engine access , said apparatus utilizing a unique over - center locking mechanism to provide secure locking of the step in the deployed position while maintaining an apparatus having limited overall dimensions . a unique linkage system is provided for facilitating accurately powered automated movement .

Individual chemical abundances for 14 elements (C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni) are derived for a sample of M dwarfs using high-resolution, near-infrared H-band spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV/Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey. The quantitative analysis included synthetic spectra computed with 1D LTE plane-parallel MARCS models using the APOGEE Data Release 17 line list to determine chemical abundances. The sample consists of 11 M dwarfs in binary systems with warmer FGK dwarf primaries and 10 measured interferometric angular diameters. To minimize atomic diffusion effects, [X/Fe] ratios are used to compare M dwarfs in binary systems and literature results for their warmer primary stars, indicating good agreement (&lt;0.08 dex) for all studied elements. The mean abundance difference in primaries minus this work's M dwarfs is -0.05 ± 0.03 dex. It indicates that M dwarfs in binary systems are a reliable way to calibrate empirical relationships. A comparison with abundance, effective temperature, and surface gravity results from the APOGEE Stellar Parameter and Chemical Abundances Pipeline (ASPCAP) Data Release 16 finds a systematic offset of [M/H], T <SUB>eff</SUB>, log g = +0.21 dex, -50 K, and 0.30 dex, respectively, although ASPCAP [X/Fe] ratios are generally consistent with this study. The metallicities of the M dwarfs cover the range of [Fe/H] = -0.9 to +0.4 and are used to investigate Galactic chemical evolution via trends of [X/Fe] as a function of [Fe/H]. The behavior of the various elemental abundances [X/Fe] versus [Fe/H] agrees well with the corresponding trends derived from warmer FGK dwarfs, demonstrating that the APOGEE spectra can be used to examine Galactic chemical evolution using large samples of selected M dwarfs.

a hand held exercise device for providing a user with a portable workout . the device may generally comprise a central handle diametrically disposed within and spanning across a ring element having a toroidally shaped inner chamber . internal bumpers within the inner chamber act to limit the range of motion or travel of at least one mobile element within the inner chamber . rotational forces imparted by the user upon the handle cause movement of the at least one mobile element that is responded to and countered with user muscle flexion . in this manner , a user may perform a satisfactory workout by continually imparting and then resisting rotation force in alternating clockwise and counterclockwise directions .

The dynamical stability of quadruple-star systems has traditionally been treated as a problem involving two 'nested' triples which constitute a quadruple. In this novel study, we employed a machine learning algorithm, the multilayer perceptron (MLP), to directly classify 2 + 2 and 3 + 1 quadruples based on their stability (or long-term boundedness). The training data sets for the classification, comprised of 5 × 10<SUP>5</SUP> quadruples each, were integrated using the highly accurate direct N-body code MSTAR. We also carried out a limited parameter space study of zero-inclination systems to directly compare quadruples to triples. We found that both our quadruple MLP models perform better than a 'nested' triple MLP approach, which is especially significant for 3 + 1 quadruples. The classification accuracies for the 2 + 2 MLP and 3 + 1 MLP models are 94 and 93 per cent, respectively, while the scores for the 'nested' triple approach are 88 and 66 per cent, respectively. This is a crucial implication for quadruple population synthesis studies. Our MLP models, which are very simple and almost instantaneous to implement, are available on Github, along with PYTHON3 scripts to access them.

a modular furniture assembly includes at least two modules positioned one next to each other . the modules interconnect to each other by using a quick acting fastener and wherein groups of the same module types can stack .